r-^^^'^*; ■^'■mm- fool? A-4N5a CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM The Club of Odd Volumes DATE DUE APR2 01948JR ^f^r^'^l. M^^'^'l^^J^M^ Cornell University Library Z6017.A4 N52 ' Isle of Pines olin 1668: an essay in bibliog 3 1924 029 590 449 '^^ THE ISLE OF PINES EDITION LIMITED TO ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-ONE COPIES The Isle of Pines 1668 An Essay in Bibliography BY WORTHINGTON CHAUNCEY FORD Boston The Club of Odd Volumes 1920 COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY THE CLUB OF ODD VOLUMES /i^Usxj \ ■ D. B. UPDIKE • THE MERRYMOUNT PRESS • BOSTON ,l,l;l}'l5i(''' c,-'-> '■is % v.. '•■-% TO Charles Lemuel Nichols LOVER OF BOOKS COLLEAGUE FRIEND Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029590449 Prefatory Note My curiosity on the "Isle of Pines" was aroused by the sale of a copy in London and New Tork in igiy, and was increased by the discovery of two distin£i issues in the Dowse Library, in the Massachusetts Historical Society. As my material grew in bulk and the history of this hoax perpetrated in the seventeenth century developed, I thought it of sufficient interest to communi- cate an outline of the story to the Club of Odd Volumes, of Boston, OSlober 23, igi8. 'the results of my investigations are more fully given in the present volume. I acknowledge my indebtedness to the essay of Max Hippe, "Eine vor-De-foe'sche Englische Rob- insonade," published in Eugen Kolbing's "Englische Studien," XIX. 66. WORTHINGTON CHAUNCEY FORD Boston, February, ip20 wOTvyt^tH" CONTENTS The Isle of Pines Page 3 The Dowse Copies 7 European Editions lO Dutch Editions 13 French Editions 15 Italian Edition 16 German Editions 16 The S. G. not a Cambridge Imprint 20 The Combined Parts 24 The Publishers 25 Not an American Item 26 The Author 29 The Story 36 Interpretations 38 The Title of the Traft 42 [ix] Contents Defoe and the "Isle of Pines" 4^ Text of the "Isle of Pines," Combined Parts 51 Bibliography 9^ [x] ILLUSTRATIONS ^0 face page Title of First Part, English Issue 3 From the original in the Massachusetts Historical Society Order for the Arrest of Marmaduke Johnson 4 From the original in the Massachusetts Archives Marmaduke Johnson's Petition for Remission of Fine 10 From the original in the Massachusetts Archives Title of French Issue 1 4 From the original in the British Museum Title of Second Part, English Issue 24 From the original in the Massachusetts Historical Society Engraved Plate to an English Issue 50 From the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library Title of Stichter's Dutch Issue 60 From the original in the British Museum First page of a German Issue 70 From the original in the John Carter Brown Library Title of Naeranus' Dutch Issue 80 From the original in the British Museum Title of an English Issue 90 From the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library [xi] Illustrations Title of Italian Issue 96 From the original in the British Museum Title of Vinckel's Dutch Issue 98 From the original in the British Museum Title of Serlin's German Issue 100 From the original in the British Museum Title of a German (Breslau'?) Issue 106 From the original in the "John Carter Brown Library Title of "Das verdachtige Pineser-Eyland" 108 THE ISLE OF PINES The ISLE of PINE S, OR, A late Difcovcry of a fourth ISLAND in Terra AnfiraliSj Incognita. BEING ATru€ Relation of certain Engli(Ij perfons, Who in the daycs of Queen Ehz^ahfth, unking a Voyage to the Ea\l //idia^ were, call away, and wrack- ed upon the Illand near to the Coaft of I'ena y^ujlra*- Ir^! r^-.//rf, and all drowned , cjcccpt one Man and four \\ omen, whereof one was a A'fgro, And now ' lately AnnoDom. vC^t-j, a Dutch Ship driven by foul weather there, by chance have found their Pofterity C fpcaking good E/jghjh ) to amount to ten or twelve thoufand perfons, as theyfuppofe. The whole Rela- tion follows, written, and left by the Man hinifcif a little before his death, and declared to the Dittd by his Grandchild. Llcenfed June 2j. 166S. LONDON, ^ Printed by S. G. for Allen Banks and Charles Harptr at the Floner-Deluire near Cfipplegate Church, 16 6^. THE ISLE OF PINES THE scene opens in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the year 1668, where in one of the college buildings a con- test between two rival printers had been waged for some years. Marmaduke Johnson, a trained and experienced printer, to whose ability the Indian Bible is largely due, had ceased to be the printer of the corporation, or Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England, but still had a press and, what was better, a fresh outfit of type, sent over by the corporation and entrusted to the keeping of John Eliot, the Apostle. Samuel Green had become a printer, though without previous training, and was at this time printer to the college, a position of vantage against a rival, because it must have car- ried with it countenance from the authorities in Boston, and public printing then as now constituted an item to a press of some income and some perquisites. By seeking to marry Green's daughter before his English wife had ceased to be, Johnson had created a prejudice, public as well as private, against himself' Each wished to set up a press in Boston itself, but the Gen- eral Court, probably for police reasons, had ordered that there should be no printing but at Cambridge, and that what was printed there should be approved by any two of four gentle- men appointed by the Court. It thus appeared that each printer possessed a certain superiority over his rival. In the matter of types Johnson was favored, as he had new types and was a trained printer; but these advantages were partially neutralized ' I Mass. Hist. Sac. Proceedings, xx. 265. [3] The Isle of Pines by indolence and by Green's better standing before the magis- trates.' In England the excesses of the printing-press during the civil war and commonwealth led to a somewhat strid though errati- cally applied censorship under the" restoration. A publication must be licensed, and the Company of Stationers still sought, for reasons of profit, to control printers by regulating their produc- tion. The licensing agent in chief was a charafter of piduresque uncertainty and spasmodic adion, Roger L'Estrange, half fa- natic, half politician, half hack writer, in fad half in many re- speds and whole only in the resulting contradidions of purpose and performance. On one point he was strong — a desire to sup- press unlicensed printing. So when in 1668 warrant was given to him to make search for unauthorized printing, he entered into the hunt with the zeal of a Loyola and the wishes of a Tor- quemada, harrying and rushing his prey and breathing threats of extreme rigor of fine, prison, pillory, and stake against the unfortunates who had negleded, in most cases because of the cost, to obtain the stamp of the licenser.' New England was at this time England in little, with troubles of its own; but, having imitated the mother country in intro- ducing supervision of the press, it also started in to investi- gate the printers of the colony, two in number, seeking to win a smile of approval from the foolish man on the throne. With due solemnity the inquisition was made. Green could show that 'See the chapters on Green and Johnson in Littlefield, The Early Massachusetts Press, I. 197, 209. ^L'Estrange was called the "Devil's blood hound." Ccd. S.P.,Dom. 1663-1664, 616 [4] ^^•^U„LVuf,S^. The Isle of Fines all then passing through his press had been properly licensed. Johnson, less fortunate, was caught with one unlicensed piece — " The Isle of Pines." A fine of five pounds was imposed upon him, as efFeftual in suppressing him as though it had been one of five thousand pounds. He could now turn with relish to two books then on his press, " Meditations on Death and Eternity" and the "Righteous Man's Evidence for Heaven;" for Mas- sachusetts Bay, with its then powerful rule of divinity without religion, or religion without mercy, held out small hope of his meeting such a fine within the expectation of his natural life. But he made his submission, petitioned the General Court in properly repentant language, acknowledged his fault, his crime, and promised amendment.' The fine was not collefted, and the principal result of the incident was to further the very natural union of Johnson and Green, but with Johnson as the lesser member in importance. No copyof Marmaduke Johnson's issue of the"Isleof Pines" has come to light in a period of 248 years. It might well be supposed that the authorities caught him before the trad had gone to press, and so snuffed it out completely. Our sapient bibliographers have dismissed the matter in rounded phrase : "'The Isle of Pines' was a small pamphlet of the Baron Mun- chausen order, which in its day passed through several editions in England and on the Continent,"^ a description which would fit a hundred titles of the period. In July, 1917, Sotheby an- nounced the sale of a portion of the Americana colleded by 'The petition is in Littlefield, i. 248. '' 2 Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, xi. 247. [5] The Isle of Pines Bishop White Kennett (1660-1728) and given by him to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts.' Lot No. 1 13 was described as follows: [Neville (Henry)] The Isle of Pines, or a late Discovery of a fourth Island in Terra Australis, Incognita, being a True Relation of certain English persons who in the dayes of Queen Elizabeth, making a Voyage to the East Indies, were cast away and wracked upon the Island, wanting tke frontispiece, head-line of title and some pagination cut into. Bishop Ken- nett' s signature an title. sm. ^to S. G.for jlllen Banks, 1668 The pamphlet was sold, I am told, for fourteen shillings, and resold shortly after to a New York bookseller for fifty-five dollars. He was attrafted by the imprint, which read in full, "London, by S. G. for Allen Banks and Charles Harper at the Flower-Deluice near Cripplegate Church." The general appear- ance of the pamphlet was unlike even the moderately good issues of the English press, and the " by S. G." not only did not answer to any London printer of the day, except Sarah Grif- fin, " a printer in the Old Bailey," ' but was in form and usage exadly what could be found on a number of the issues of the press of Samuel Green, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. On com- paring the first page of the text of his purchase with the same page of an acknowledged London issue of the "Isle of Pines" "The sale took place July 30, 1917. "Only once does her name occur in the Term Catalogues, when in February, 1673, she prints George Buchanan's Psalmorum Danjtdis Paraphrasis Poetica, which sold for two shillings a copy. Samuel Gellibrand was not a printer but a bookseller, with a shop "at the Ball in St. Paul's Churchyard." [6] The Isle of Fines in the John Carter Brown Library,' the bookseller concluded that the two were entirely different publications. An expert cataloguer conneded with one of the large auc- tion firms of New York then took up the subjed. After a study of the trad he became assured that it could only have been printed by Samuel Green, of Cambridge, and he brought for- ward fads and comparisons which seemed conclusive and for which he deserves much credit. It was a clever bit of biblio- graphical work. With such an endorsement as to rarity and quality the pamphlet was again put to the test of the audion room. The cataloguer stated his case in sufficient fulness of detail and the first page of the text was reproduced.' Natu- rally the discovery sent a little thrill through the mad-house of bibliography. The trad was knocked down for I400 to a book- seller from Hartford, Connedicut, presumably for some local coUedion. The incident would have passed from memory had it not been for one of those accidents to which even the ama- teur bibliographer is liable. The Dowse Copies In the bitter days of the winter of 1917—18 the working force of the Massachusetts Historical Society was contraded into one room — the Dowse Library — where was at least a semblance 'No. 5 in the Bibliography, page 93, infra. '^Nuggets of American History, American Art Association, November 19, 1917. The Isle of Pines was lot 142, and was introduced by the words, "Cambridge Press in New England." The catalogue was prepared by Mr. F. W. Coar. [7] The Isle of Fines of warmth in the open fireplace. One afternoon, when I had finished my work and the others had left, I picked up the cat- alogue of the Dowse Library and began idly to turn over its leaves. Incidentally, that catalogue is charafteristic of the older methods of the Society. As is known to the ele£t, no book in the Dowse Library can ever leave the room in which it now rests, and of the catalogue twenty-five copies were printed and never circulated. If the library had been left in the Dowse house in Cambridgeport, its existence and contents could not have been more successfully hidden from the world. While reading the titles in a very casual way, my eye was caught by one which gave me a start. It read: Sloetten (Cornelius van). The Isle of Pines; or a Late Discovery of a Fourth Island in Terra Australis Incognita. London, printed by G. S. for Allen Banks, 1668. With a New and Further Discovery of the Isle of Pines, 1668; and a duplicate of the Isle of Pines, i vol. small 4to, calf supr., gilt leaves. A most interesting, rare, and valuable work. Even against the Editor of the Society the Dowse books are kept behind lock and key, though he is not under more than ordinary suspicion. So I was obliged to wait till the next day before my curiosity could be satisfied. I then found a thin vol- ume, less than one-third of an inch in thickness, containing two copies of this very traft which the audi on expert had identified as an issue of the " Isle of Pines" by Green, and a London issue of a second part of the "Isle of Pines," with the name of Corne- lius Van Sloetten, as author. For more than fifty years this little volume had reposed in this well-known yet almost forgotten [8] The Isle of Pines library, and no one had suspe6ted or questioned the nature of its contents. For full fifty years it had been in the care and at the call of Dr. Samuel A. Green, who claimed to be an expert on New England imprints of the seventeenth century, and one of the great wishes of whose life had been to establish his descent from this very printer, Samuel Green. Two copies within the same covers, of a tra6t long sought and of which only a single example had come to light in two centuries and a half — was not that alone something of a bibliographical coup*? I read two of the pieces — one of the Green issues and the second part as printed in England — making a few notes for future use. On returning to the matter some weeks later I found to my annoyance that every reference to the Green tra6t but one was wrong as to the page. Cold, haste, or weariness will account for a single or possibly two errors of reference, but to have a whole series — except one — go wrong pointed to fail- ing eyes or mind. Very much put out, I read the traft a second time and corre&ed the page references, carefully checking up the result. Some days after I again took up the matter, and in verifying my first quotation found that I had again put down the wrong page number, and was surprised to find that the cor- reft page was the one I had first given. This proved to be the case in all the references — except one. A book which could thus change its page numbering from week to week was bewitched — or I was careless. It occurred to me to compare the two copies of the tra6t as published by Green. The title-pages were exadtly alike — not differing by so much as a fly speck, but one copy contained ten pages of text and the other only nine. More [9] The Isle of Fines than that, the general style and the types were quite different. One was printed in a well-known broad but somewhat used type, such as could be seen in Green's printing, and the other in a finer font with much Italic. There was no possibility of confusing the two issues. Only one conclusion was possible. I had in this volume the publication by Green, and the original issue by Marmaduke Johnson, but with Green's title-page. So far we seem to rest upon solid ground. It may be surmised that Green set up his "Isle of Pines" In rivalry to Johnson, but did not Incur the discipline of the authorities ; or that he had set it up and also took over Johnson's edition, using his own title-page; and in either case it is possible that a simple sub- terfuge, the Imprint, "by S. G. for Allen Banks and Charles Harper," a London combination of publishers, caused the traft to escape the attention of the examining local censors. Here was another step in developing the history of this trad; — the discovery of one of Johnson's Issues, except for the title-page. So far as the American conneftion Is concerned, it only remains to discover a Johnson issue with a J ohnson title-page, for in his apology and submission to the General Court he states that he had "affixed" his name to the pamphlet. The European Editions The European connexion Is also not without interest, for the skit — the first part of the "Isle of Pines," published without name of author — had an extraordinary run. In 1493 ^ little [ 10] r ' <^4^ ^fiorJcL Co'^mmO. f|:ilited for AIUh Bsnles and Cb^rltsJJsrftrt at the Hwit' The Isle of Fines ness to one of nine. On typographical evidence it is safe to as- sume that the three pieces came from the same press, and to assert that the second part and the combined parts certainly did. The initials S. G. are found only on the first part. The Publishers The imprints of the three parts agree that the booksellers or publishers handling the editions were Allen Banks and Charles Harper. The first part gives their shop as the "Flower-De- luice near Cripplegate Church," the second part as the " Flower- de-luce" as before, and the combined parts as "next door to the three Squerrills in Fleet-street, over against St. Dunstans Church." The church is still there, with more than two cen- turies of dirt and soot marking its walls since Neville wrote, and Chancery and Fettar Lanes enable one to place quite accu- rately the location of the booksellers' shop. Only three times do the names of Banks and Harper appear as partners on the Sta- tioners' Registers,' and they separated about 1671, Banks going to the "St. Peter at the West End of St. Pauls." If any judg- ment may be drawn from their publications after ceasing to be partners, Banks leaned to light literature and may have been responsible for taking up the "Isle of Pines." Yet Harper was Neville's publisher in 1674 and in 1681, a fad which may indicate a personal relation."" ' Eyre and Rivington, u. 386, 388, and 410. ''See page 34, infra. [25] The Isle of Pines Not an American Item By some curious chance this little pamphlet has come to be classed as Americana. Bishop Kennett's Catalogue may have been the source of this error, leading colledors to believe that the item was a true relation of an aftual voyage, and possibly touching upon some phase of American history or geography. The rarity of the pamphlet would not permit such a belief to be readily correded. The existence also of two Isles of Pines in American waters may have aided the belief One of these islands is off the southwestern end of Cuba. On his second voyage, Columbus had sailed along the south coast of Cuba, and June 13, 1494, reached an island, which he named Evangelista. Here he encountered such difficulties among the shoals that he determined to retrace his course to the eastward. But for that experience, he might have reached the mainland of America on that voyage. The conquest of the island of Cuba by Diego Velasquez in 1511 led to its exploration; but geo- graphers could only slowly appreciate what the islands really meant, for they were as much misled by the reports of navigators as Columbus had been by his prejudice in favor of Cathay. Tos- canelli's map of the Atlantic Ocean (1474) gives many islands between Cape Verde and the "coast of spices," of which "Cip- pangu " is the largest and most important.' On Juan de la Cosa's sea chart, 1500, Cuba is fairly drawn, with the sea to the south dotted with islands without names. In a few years the mist sur- 'This map, as reconstrufted from Martin Behaim's globe, is in Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1893. [26] The Isle of Pines rounding the new world had so far been dispelled as to disclose a quite accurate detail of the larger West Indian islands' and to offer a continent to the west, one that placed Cipangu still far too much to the east of the coast of Asia." An island of some size off the southwest of Cuba seems to have been intended at first for Jamaica, but certainly as early as 1 536 that island had passed to its true position on the maps, and the island to the west is without a name. Nor can it be confused with Yucatan, which for forty years was often drawn as an island. On the so-called Wolfenbiittel-Spanish map of 1525-30 occurs the name "J. de Pinos," probably the first occurrence of the name upon any map in the sixteenth century. Two other maps of that time — Colon's and Ribero's, dated respeftively 1527 and 1529 — call it "Y* de Pinos," and on the globe of Ulpius, to which the year 1542 is assigned, "de Pinos" is clearly marked. Bellero's map, 1550, has an island "de pinolas." Naturally, map-makers were slow to adopt new names, and in the numerous editions of Ptolemy the label St. I ago was retained almost to the end of the century.' On the Agnese map there are two islands, one named " S.Tiago," the other "pinos," which introduced a new confusion, though he was not followed by most geographers until Wytfliet, 1597, gave both names to the same island — " S. lago sine Y de Pinas " — in which he is followed by Hondius, 1633."* Ortelius, 1579, 'The Agnese Atlas of 1529 may be cited as an example. ° See, for example, the so-called Stobnicza [Joannes, Stobnicensis] map of 1 5 1 2, and the Ptolemy of 1 5 1 3 (Strassburg). 'Muenster, 1540. Cabot, 1544, and Descelier, 15+6, give " Y* de Pinos." 'Mr. P. Lee Phillips, to whom I am indebted for references to atlases of the time, also [27] The Isle of Fines adopts "I Pinnorum," while Linschoten, 1598, has "Pinas," and Herrera, 1601, "Pinos." When tlie name given by Columbus was dropped and by whom the island was named " de Pinos" cannot be determined.' Our colleague, Mr. Francis R. Hart, has called my attention to a second Isle of Pines in American waters, being near Golden Island, which was situated in the harbor or bay on which the Scot Darien expedition made its settlement of New Edinburgh. The bay is still known as Caledonia Bay, and the harbor as Porto Escoces, but the Isla de Pinas as well as a river of the same name do not appear on maps of the region. The curious may find refer- ences to the island in the printed accounts of the unfortunate Darien colony. The Isle of Pines could thus be found on the map as an aftual island in the West Indies; but the "Isle of Pines" of our trad existed only in the imagination of the writer. The mere fa6t of its having been printed — but not published — in Cambridge, Massachusetts, does not entitle it to be classed even indire6tly as Americana, any more than Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress or supplies the following: Lafreri, i575(?)j "S.TiagOj" Percacchi, 1576, "8. TiagOj" Santa Cruz, i54i,"Ya de Pinos;" and Dudley, 1647, "I de Pinos." 'Hakluyt (in. 617) prints a "Ruttier" for the West Indies, without date, but probably of the end of the sixteenth century, which contains the following : "The markes of Isla de Pinos. The Island of Pinos stretcheth it selfe East and West, and is full of homocks, and if you chance to see it at full sea, it will shew like 3 Islands, as though there were divers soundes betweene them, and that in the midst is the greatest ; and in rowing with them, it will make all a firme lande: and upon the East side of these three homocks it will shewe all ragged j and on the West side of them will appeare unto you a lowe point even with the sea, and oftentimes you shall see the trees before you shall disceme the point." [28] The Isle of Pines Thomas a Kempis could be so marked on the strength of their having a Massachusetts imprint. Curiosities of the American press they may be, but they serve only as crude measures of the existing taste for literature since become recognized as classic. The dignified Calendar of State Papers in the Public Record Office, London, gravely indexes a casual reference to the tra6t under West Indies, and the impression that the author wrote of the Cuban island probably accounts for the different editions in the John Carter Brown Library, as well as for the price obtained for the White Kennett copy. No possible reason can be found, however, for regarding the "Isle of Pines" in any of its forms as Americana. The Author Thus far I have been concerned with externals, and before turn- ing to the contents of the tra6t itself in an endeavor to explain the extraordinary popularity it enjoyed, something must be said of the author — Henry Neville. Like most of the characters engaged in the politics of England in the middle of the seven- teenth century, he has suffered at the hands *of his biographer, Anthony a Wood,' merely because he belonged to the oppo- site party — the crudest possible measure of merit. For the odium foliticum and the odium theologicum are twin agents of detraftion, and the writing of history would be dull indeed were it not for the joy of digging out an approximation to the truth from op- posing opinions. Where the material is so scanty it will be safer ^Athena Oxonienses (yStisi), iv. 413. [29 J The Isle of Fines to summarize what is known, without attempting to pass finally upon Neville's position among his contemporaries. The second son of Sir Henry Neville, and grandson of Sir Henry Neville (i564'?-i6i5), courtier and diplomatist under Elizabeth and James I, Henry Neville was born in Billing- bear, Berkshire, in 1620. He became a commoner of Merton College in 1635, and soon after migrated to University College, where he passed some years but took no degree. He travelled on the continent, becoming familiar with modern languages and men, and returned to England in 1645, to recruit for Abing- don for the parliament. Wood states that Neville "was very great with Harry Marten, Tho. Chaloner, Tho. Scot, Jam. Har- rington and other zealous commonwealths men." His association with them probably arose from his membership of the council of state (1651), and also from his agreement with them in their sus- picions of Cromwell, who, in his opinion, "gaped after the gov- ernment by a single person." In consequence he was banished from London in 1 654, and on Oliver's death was returned to par- liament December 30, 1658, as burgess for Reading. An attempt to exclude him on charges of atheism and blasphemy failed. He was undoubtedly somewhat closely associated with James Harrington, the author of "Oceana," and was regarded as a "strong doctrinaire republican." He was a member of the club — the Rota — formed by Harrington for discussing and dissem- inating his political views, a club which continued in existence only a few months, from November, 1659, to February, 1660; but its name is embalmed in one of Harrington's essays — "The Rota" — published in 1 660, and extracted from his "Art of Law- [30] The Isle of Pines giving," which was itself an abridgment of the " Oceana." At this time, says Wood, Neville was "esteemed to be a man of good parts, yet of a fa£tious and turbulent spirit." On the res- toration he "sculk'd for a time,"' and, arrested for a supposed conneftion in the Yorkshire rising of 1663, he was released for want of evidence against liim, retiring from all participation in politics. For twenty years before his death he lived in lodg- ings in Silver Street, near Bloomsbury market, and dying on September 20, 1694, he was buried in the parish church of Warfield, Berkshire. By his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Rich- ard Staverton of Warfield, he had no issue.' In his retirement he found occupation in political theory. He translated some of the writings of Machiavelli, which he had obtained in Italy in 1645, and published some verses of little merit. It cannot be said that a reading of Neville's productions be- fore 1681 raises him in our estimation. It certainly does not give the impression of a man of letters, a student of government, or even a politician of the day. There is always the possibility in these casual writings of a purpose deeper than appears to the reader of the present day, of a meaning which escapes him be- cause the special combination of events creating the occasion cannot be reconstrufted. The "Parliament of Ladies," which was published in two parts in 1 647, has little meaning to the reader, though they appeared in the year when the Parliament took notice of the "many Seditious, False and Scandalous Pa- pers and Pamphlets daily printed and published in and about the cities of London and Westminster, and thence dispersed 'Wood. ^Diilioiiaiy of National Biography, XL. 259. [31 ] The Isle of Pines into all parts of this Realm, and other parts beyond the Seas, to the great abuse and prejudice of the People, and insufferable reproach of the proceedings of the Parliament and their Army." ' To write, print, or sell any unlicensed matter whatsoever would be liable to fine or imprisonment, and to whet the zeal of dis- covery one-half of the fine was to go to the informer. Every pub- lication, from a book to a broadsheet, must bear the name of author, printer, and licenser. Neither of Neville's pamphlets of 1647 conformed to the requirements of this a6t, which is not, however, positive evidence that they did not appear after the promulgation of the law. Suppression of printing has proved a difficult task to rulers, even when supported by public opinion or an army. The Stationers' Registers show that the " Parliament of Ladies" and its sequel were not properly entered; nor do they contain any reference to Neville's " News from the New Ex- change," issued in 1650.* Nine years passed before he printed a pamphlet which marked his break with Cromwell — " Shuffling, Cutting, and Dealing in a Game of Picquet." ' This little pamphlet was put out in the poorest dress possible, bespeaking a press of meagre equipment, and a printer without an idea of the form which even the leaflet can assume in skilful hands. Without imprint, author's name, or any mark of identification, it indicates a secret impression 'A^s and Ordinances of the Interregnum, i. 1021. Though dated September 30, the aft was entered at Stationers' Hall September 19. Eyre and Rivington, 1. 276. ' It was reprinted in 1 7 3 1 . 'It is in the Harleian Miscellany, v. 298, and a copy of the meanly printed original is in the Ticknor Colleftion, Boston Public Library. [32] The Isle of Pines and issue — one of the many occasional pamphlets which ap- peared at the time from "underground" shops which least of all wanted to be known as the agent of publication. Neville either avowed the authorship or it was traced to him, and the dis- pleasure of Cromwell and banishment from London followed. In 1681 he printed "Discourses concerning Government," which was much admired by Hobbes, and even Wood admits that it was "very much bought up by the members [of parlia- ment] , and admired : But soon after, when they understood who the author was (for his name was not set to the book), many of the honest party rejefted, and had no opinion of it." A later writer describes it as an "un-Platonic dialogue developing a scheme for the exercise of the royal prerogative through coun- cils of state responsible to Parliament, and of which a third part should retire every year."' Reissued at the time under its better known title — "Plato Redivivus"^ — it was reprinted in 1742,' and again by Thomas Hollis in 1763. His translations from Machiavelli are not so easily traced, nor is any explanation possible for his having delayed for nearly ^ DiSioaary of National Biography, XL. 259. " Plato Redi'vi'vus, or A Dialogue concerning Government : wherein, by Observations drawn from other Kingdoms and States both ancient and modern, an Endeavour is used to discover the politick Distemper of our own ; with the Causes and Remedies. The Second Edition, with Additions. In Oftavo. Price zs. 6d. Printed for S. I.; and sold by R. Dew. The Term Catalogues (Arber), i. 443 — the issue for May, 1 681. The initials S. I. do not again occur in the Catalogues, and R. Dew is credited with only two issues, both in May, 1681, neither giving the location of his shop. The traft called out several replies, such as the anonymous Antidotum Brittanicum and Goddard's Plato's Demon, or the State Physician Unmasked (i6S^). 3 A copy is in the Library Company, Philadelphia. [33] The Isle of Fines thirty years publication of evidence of his admiration for the Florentine politician. He was not alone in desiring to make the Italian political moralist better known, for translations of the "Discourses" and "The Prince," with "some marginal animad- versions noting and taxing his [Machiavelli's] errors," by E. D.,' was published in a second edition in November, 1673, but I do not conned Neville with that issue. In the following year the conneftion of Charles Harper's name with the "Florentine His- tory" suggests Neville, as does a more ambitious undertaking of the " Works," first fathered by another London bookseller, but with which Harper was concerned in 1681: The Florentine History, in Eight Books. Written by Nicholas Machia- vel, Citizen and Secretary of Florence: now exacStly translated from the Italian. In Odlavo. Price, bound, 6s. Printed for Charles Harper, and J. Amery, at the Flower de luce, and Peacock, in Fleet street.' The Works of the Famous Nicholas Machiavel, Citizen and Secretary oi Florence. Containing, i . The History oi Florence. 2. The Prince. 3. The Original of the Guelf and Ghibilin Fa£tions. 4. The life of Castruccio Castracani. 5. The murther of Vitelli, etc., by Duke Valentino. 6. The State of France. 7. The State of Germany. 8. The Discourses of Titus Livius. 9. The Art of War. 10. The Marriage of Belphegor, a Novel.' 'Edward Dacres. ^The Term Catalogues (Arber), i. 187 — the issue for November 25, 1674. It was en- tered at Stationers' Hall, June 20, 1674, " under the hands of Master Roger L'Estrange and Master Warden Mearn," with the statement that the translation was made by "J. D. Gent." ' This novel was added by Starkey to a translation of novels by Gomez de Quevedo y Vil- legas, published in November, 1 670. The name of the printer suggests a connexion with Neville. [34] The Isle of Pines II. Nicholas Machiavel's Letter in Vindication of himself and his Writ- ings. All written originally in Italian; and from thence newly and faith- fully Translated in English. In Folio. Price, bound, i8s. Printed for J. Starkey at the Mitre in Fleet street, near Temple Bar.' [Same Title.] The Second Edition. Printed for J. Starkey, C. Harper, and J. Amery, at the Miter, the Flower de luce, and the Peacock, in Fleet street. Folio. Price, bound, i6s.' It may be admitted that questions of government were ea- gerly discussed in the seventeenth century. It was only needed to live under the Stuarts and to pass through the Civil War and Prote6torate to realize that a transition from the divinely anointed ruler to a self-constituted governor resting upon an army, and again to a trial of the legitimate holder of royal pre- rogative, offered an education in matters of political rule which naturally led to a constitutional monarchy, and which could not be equalled in degree or lasting importance until the American colonies of Great Britain questioned the policy of the mother country toward her all too energetic children. Hobbes' " Levi- athan, or the Matter, Form and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil," appeared in 1651, a powerful argu- ment for absolutism, but cast in such a form as to make the 'The Term Catalogues (Aiher), i. 199 — the issue for February, 1675. Entered at Sta- tioners' Hall, February 4, 1674-75, "under the hands of Master Roger L'Estrange and Master Warden Roycroft," with the statement that the translation was made by "J. B. Salvo iure cuilibet." The resort to L'Estrange in both instances is suggestive. ' /i., 453 — the issue for June, 1681. "The Works of that famous Nicholas Machiavel" is announced in the Catalogues, June, 1675, for publication by R. Boulter, in Comhill, and at the same price of i is., but I doubt if Neville had anything to do with that trans- lation. [35 1 The Isle of Pines writer an unwelcome adherent to royalty in exile. In 1652 Fil- mer published his "Observations concerning the Original ot Government," one of a series of trads, completed by his " Pa- triarcha," printed after his death, which has made him a prophet of the extreme supporters of the divine origin of kingship. These are only examples of the political discussion of the day, and to them may be added Harrington, whose "Oceana" appeared in 1656.' It satisfied no party or fadion, and a second edition was not called for until 1700, when other writings of the author were added. This compilation was, in 1737, pirated by a Dub- lin printer, R. Reilly,who added Neville's "Plato Redivivus;"' but the third English edition (1747), issued by the same printer who made the second edition, omitted Neville's trad;. The Story "The Isle of Pines" was Neville's fifth publication, issued nine years after his fourth, a political trad: "Shuffling, Cutting and Dealing in a Game of Picquet." Like most titles of the day, that of "The Isle of Pines" did not fail in quantity. It was repeated word for word, except the imprint, on the first page of the text. Briefly, the relation purports to have been written by an Eng- lishman, George Pine, who at the age of twenty shipped as book-keeper in the India Merchant, which sailed for the East Indies in 1569. Having rounded the Cape of Good Hope and ' Entered at Stationers' Hall by Livewell Chapman, September 1 9, 1 656. Eyre and Riv- ington, II. 86. ^ Bibliotheca Lindensiana, 11. 4228. [36] The Isle of Pines being almost within sight of St. Lawrence's Island, now Mada- gascar,' they encountered a great storm of wind, which sepa- rated the ship from her consorts, blew many days, and finally wrecked the vessel on a rocky island. The entire company was drowned except Pine, the daughter of his master, two maid-ser- vants, and one negro female slave. They gathered what they could of the wreckage, and Pine and his companions lived there in community life, a free-love settlement. By the four women he had forty-seven children, and in his sixtieth year he claimed to have 565 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. It was from one of his grandchildren that the Dutch ship received the relation. Apart from the title-page, the entire traft is occu- pied by the story of George Pine, from whom the island took its name. In 1667, or ninety-eight years after Pine was wrecked, the Dutch captain estimated that the population of the island amounted to ten or twelve thousand persons. Methuselah, with his years to plead for him, might boast of such breeding, but in ordinary man it is too near the verminous, the rat, the guinea- pig, and the rabbit, to be pleasant. The publication must have attracted attention at once, for before the end of July Neville put forth a second part, "A New and further Discovery of The Isle of Pines," which purported to be the relation of the Dutch captain to whom the history of Pines had been confided. It is an unadorned story such as might have been gathered from a dozen tales in Hakluyt or Purchas, and is interesting only in giving the name of the ' It was the Island of St. Laurence of James Lancaster's Voyage, 1593. Hakluyt, Prin- cipall Naruigations, vi. 401. [37] The Isle of Pines Dutch captain — Cornelius Van Sloetton — and the location of the supposed island — longitude 76° and latitude 20°, under the third climate — which places it to the northeast of Mada- gascar. Almost immediately after the publication of the second part it was combined with the first part, as already described, and published late in July or early in August. Cornelius Van Sloetton, as he signed himself in the second part, became Henry Cornelius Van Sloetten in the combined issue. Interpretations It was Pine's relation which received the greatest attention on the continent, and that was chiefly concerned in describing his performances in populating the island. It was therefore with only a mild surprise that I read in one of those repulsively thorough studies which only a German can make, a study made in 1 668 of this very trad, "The Isle of Pines," the assertion that Pines, masquerading as the name of the discoverer and patriarch of the island, and accepted as the name of the island itself, was only an anagram on the male organ of generation — penis.' On one of the German issues in the John Carter Brown '"Allein, wann der Beschreiber meldet, es sey der Ort durch Kinder zeugen so gar in AufFnehmen kommen, da§ innerhalb 60. Jahren (besiehe den Tittul) 1789. Seelen (O Cain, Cain !) seyn gezeuget worden : so ist es wahrlich nicht ein geringer Verdacht, da§ dieses Wort nur ein neu-erdichtetes Wort sey, und Pines mit versetzten Buchstaben Penis bedeute, zu bemercken da§ manliche Zeuge-Glied, als den Springbrunnen der Vermehrung oder fortpflantzung des Geschlechtes, wovon mehrentheils die Erdichtung handelt." Das Verddchtige Pineser-Eyland A'. [38] The Isle of Fines Library this has also been noted by a contemporary hand.' Such an interpretation reduces our trad to a screaming farce, but it closely suits the general tone of other of Neville's writings, which are redolent of the sensual license of the restoration. To this I would add an emendation of my own. The name adopted by Neville was Henry Cornelius van Sloetten. It suggests a somewhat forcible English word — slut — of doubtful origin, although forms having some resemblance in sound and sense occur in the Scandinavian languages. Such interpretations seem to fit the work better than that of a German critic, who sees in the book a sort of Utopia, a model community, or an exhibition in the development of law and order. Free love led to license, maids were ravished, and the complete promiscuity of intercourse disgusted Pine, who sought to suppress it by force and, in killing the leader of a re- volt, a man with negro blood in his veins, to impose punish- ments for a6ts which he had himself done. The ground for be- lieving that Neville had any such purpose when he wrote the book is too slight to be accepted. In 1668 the author had no call to convey a lesson in government to his countrymen by any means so frankly vulgar and pointless as the " Isle of Pines." If Neville had intended such a political objeft, a phrase would have sufficed to indicate it. No such key can be found in the text, and there is nothing to show that, politician as he was, he realized that such an intimation could be drawn from his paragraphs. To assume, therefore, that so carefully hidden a suggestion of a model republic could have aided the circula- '"Christian Weise, Prof. Polit. in augusteo in A. 1685." [39 J The Isle of Pines tion of the pamphlet at the time, or at any later period, is to introduce an element unnecessary to explain the vogue of the relation. It passed simply as a story of adventure, and as such it fell upon a time when a wide public was receptive to the point of being easily duped. Wood asserts that the "Isle of Pines," when first publish'd, "was look'd upon as a mere sham or piece of drollery; "' and there are few contemporary references to the relation of either Pine or Van Sloetten, and those few are of little moment. If the seamen, who were in a position to point out discrepancies of faft in the story, made any comment or criticism, I have failed to discover them. Neville himself freely played with the subje6t, and it is strange that he did not excite some suspicion of his veracity among his readers. He had told in his first part of a Dutch ship which was driven by foul weather to the island and of the giving to the Dutch the story of Pine. His second part is the story of the Dutch captain, sailing from Amsterdam, re-discovering the Isle of Pines, and returning home — that is, to Holland. Yet Neville for the combined issue, and presumably only a few days after giving out the first part, composed two letters from a merchant of Amsterdam — Abraham Keek — dated June 29 and July 6, saying that the last post from Rochelle brought intelligence of a French vessel which had just arrived and reported the dis- covery of this very island, but placing it some two or three hun- dred leagues "Northwest from Cape Finis Terre," though, he added with reasonable caution, "it may be that there may be some mistake in the number of the Leagues, as also of the exad ^Athena Oxoniensis (Bliss), iv. 410. [40] The Isle of Fines point of the compass from Cape Finis Terre." Keek offered an additional piece of geographical information, that "some Eng- lish here suppose it maybe the Island of Brasile which have been so oft sought for, Southwest from Ireland." ' The first letter of Keek is dated five days after the licensing of the first part of the "Isle of Pines," and the second sixteen days before the date of Sloetten's narrative. It is hardly possible that Neville could have been forgetful of his having made a Dutch vessel respon- sible for the discovery and history of Pine, and it is more than probable that he took this means of giving greater verisimili- tude to the Isle of Pines, by bringing forward an independent discovery by a French vessel. However intended, the ruse did not contribute to such a purpose, as the combined parts did not enjoy as wide a circulation as the first part. On the continent a German, who knew the traft only as trans- lated into German through a Dutch version of the English text, and therefore imperfe6tly, gave it serious consideration, and had little difficulty in finding inconsistencies and contradiftions. Some of his questions went to the root of the matter. It was a Dutch ship which first found the Isle of Pines and its colony; why was not the discovery first announced by the Dutch? Piece by piece the critic takes down the somewhat clumsily fashioned strufture of Neville's fidion, and in the end little remains un- touched by suspicion. No such examination, dull and labored in form, and offering no trace of imagination which wisely per- mits itself to be deceived in details in order to be free to accept a whole, could pass beyond the narrow circle of a university. 'See page 53, infra. [41 ] The Isle of Pines As an antidote to the attradions of Neville's trad it was power- less, and to-day it remains as much of a curiosity as it was in 1668, when it was written. Indeed, a question might be raised as to which trad was less intentionally a joke — Neville's "Isle of Pines," or our German's ponderous essay upon it? At least the scientific ignorance of the Englishman, perfedly evident from the start, is more entertaining than the pseudo-science of the German critic, who boldly asserts as impossible what has come to be a commonplace.' The Title of the Tra£i HIppe calls attention to the geography of the relation as not the least interesting of its features, for the neighborhood of the Island of Madagascar was used in other sea stories as a place of storm and catastrophe. " The ship on which Simplicissimus wished to return to Portugal, suffered shipwreck likewise near Madagascar, and the paradisiac island on which Grimmelshau- sen permits his hero finally to land in company with a carpen- ter, is also to be sought in this region. In precisely the same way the shipwreck of Sadeur,' the hero of a French Robinson Cru- ' Das verdachtige Pineser-Eyland, No. 29 in the Bibliography, page 1 08, infra. It is ded- icated to Anthonio Goldbeck, Burgomaster of Altona, and the letter of dedication is dated at Hamburg, Oftober z6, 1668. 'La Terre Australe connue, a romance written by Gabriel de Foigny {pseud.']. Sadeur), describing the stay of Sadeur on the southern continent for more than thirty-five years. The original edition, made in Geneva in 1676, is said to contain "many impious and licentious passages which were omitted in the later editions." Sabin (xvili. 220) gives [42] The Isle of Pines soe story, happens on the coast of Madagascar, and from this was he driven in a southerly dire6tion to the coast of the south- ern land." ' In most of the older surveys of the known world America counts as the fourth part, naturally coming after Europe, Asia, and Africa. Even that arrangement was not generally accepted. Joannes Leo (Hasan Ibn Muhammad, al-Wazzan), writing in 1556, properly called Africa "la tierce Partie du Monde;" but the Seigneur de la Popelliniere, in his " Les Trois Mondes," published in 1582, divided the globe into three parts — 1. Europe, Asia, and Africa; 2. America, and 3. Australia. A half century later, Pierre d' Avitz, of Tournon (Ardeche), entitled one of his compositions " Description Generale de I'Amerique troisiesme partie du Monde," first published in 1637.* The expedition under Alvaro de Mendana de Nevra, setting sail from Callao, November 19, 1567, and steering westward, sought to clear doubt concerning a continent which report had piftured as being somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. The Solomon Islands rewarded the enterprise, and with New Guinea and the Philippines com- pleted a connexion between Peru and the continent of Asia. There had long existed, however, a settled belief in the exist- ence of a great continent in the southern hemisphere, which should serve as a counterpoise to the known lands in the north- ern. The geographical ideas of the times required such a con- a list of editions, the first English translation appearing in 1693. It is possible that the author owed the idea of his work to Neville's pamphlet. 'Hippe, 74. 'A copy is in the Boston Athenaeum. [43] The Isle of Fines tinent, and even before the circumnavigation of Africa, the world-maps indicated to the southvi^ard "terra incognita se- cundum Ptolemeum," ' or a land of extreme temperature and wholly unknown." The sailing of ships round the Cape of Good Hope dissipated in some degree this belief, but it merely placed some distance between that cape and the supposed Terra Aus- tralis, which was now extended to the south of America, sepa- rated on the maps from that continent only by the narrow Straits of Magellan, and stretching to the westward, almost approach- ing New Guinea.' Such an expanse of undiscovered land, believed to be rich in gold, awakened the resolution of Pedro Fernandez de Queiros, who had been a pilot in the Mendafia voyage of 1606. By chance he failed in his objed, and deceived by the apparent continu- ous coast line presented to his view by the islands of the New Hebrides group, he gave it the resounding name of Austrialia del Espiritu Santo, because of the King's title of Austria.* On the publication of his "Relation" at Seville in 1610, the name was altered, and he claimed to have discovered the "fourth part of the world, called Terra Australis incognita." ' Seven years later, 'As on the Ptolemy, Ulm, 1482. °As in Macrobius, In Somnium Scipionis Expositio, Brescia, 1483. 'See the map of Oronce Fine, 1522, and Ortelius, Orbis Terrarum, 1592. ■* The " Quiri Regie " was long marked on maps as a continent lying to the south of the Solomon Islands. ' This was first republished at Augsburg in 1 6 1 1 ; in a Latin translation in Henry 'RmA- son's Descriptio ac Delitteatio, Amsterdam, 161 2; in Dutch, Ferhael 'van seker Memorial, Amsterdam, 1612 ; in Bry, 1613, and shortly after in Hulsius; in French, Paris, 1617; and in English, London, 1617. I give this list because even so interesting an announce- [44] The Isle of Fines in 1 6 1 7, it was published in London under the title, " Terra Aus- tralis incognita, or A new Southerne Discouerie, containing a fifth part of the World." It is obvious that geographers and their source of information — the adventurous sea captains — were not agreed upon the proper number to be assigned to the Terra Australis in the world scheme. Even in 1663 the Church seemed in doubt, for a father writes "Memoires tovchant I'etab- lissement d'vne Mission Chrestienne dans la troisieme Monde, autrement apelle la Terre Australe, Meridionale, Antartique, & Iconnue."' That Neville even drew his title from any of these publications cannot be asserted, nor do they explain his desig- nation of the Isle of Pines as the fourth island in this southern land; but they show the common meaning attached to 'Terra Australis incognita, and his use of the words was a clever, even if not an intentional appeal to the curiosity then so a&ive on continents yet to be discovered. Another volume, however, written by one who afterwards became Bishop of Norwich, may have been responsible for the conception of Neville'spamphlet.This was JosephHall's"Mun- dus Alter et Idem sive Terra Australis ante hac semper incog- nita longis itineribus peregrini Academici nuperrime lustrata." The title says it was printed at Frankfort, and the statement has been too readily accepted as the fa6t. For the traft was entered ment of a genuine voyage did not have so quick an acceptance as Neville's traft with almost the same title. 'Printed at Paris by Claude Cramoisy, 1663. A copy is in the John Carter Brown Library. In 1756 Charles de Brosse published his Histoire des Navigations aux Terres AustraUs from Vespuccius to his own day, which was largely used by John Callander in compiling his Terra Australis Cogmta, 1766-68. [45] The Isle of Fines at Stationers' Hall by John Porter, June 2, 1605, and again on August 1, 1608/ The biographer of Bishop Hall states that it was published at Frankfort by a friend, in 1605, and repub- lished at Hanau in 1607, and in a translated form in London about 1608. It is more than probable that all three issues were made in London, and that the so-called Hanau edition was that entered in 1608. On January 18, 1608-09, Thomas Thorpe entered the translation, with the address to the reader signed John Healey, who was the translator.^ This carried the title: "The Discovery of a New World, or a Description of the South Indies hitherto unknown."^ It is a satirical work with no pre- tense of touching upon realities. Hallam wrote of it: "I can only produce two books by English authors in this first part of the seventeenth century which fall properly under the class of novels or romances; and of these one is written in Latin. This is the Mundus Alter and Idem of Bishop Hall, an imitation of the later and weaker volumes of Rabelais. A country in Terra Australis is divided into four regions, Crapulia, Viraginia, Mo- ronea, and Lavernia. Mapsof the whole land and of particular re- gions are given; and the nature of the satire, not much of which has any especial reference to England, may easily be coUeded. It is not a very successful effort."'' While a later critic. Canon ^Stationers' Registers (Arber), iii. 291, 386. ^Ib., 400. Healey made an " exceptionally bad " translation of St. Augustine's De Civi- tate Dei, which remained the only English translation of that work until 1871. 'In the Bodleian Library is a copy of the translation with the title. The Discovery of a Nenu World, Tenterbelly, Sheelandt, and Fooliana, London, n.d. * IntroduSion to the Literature of Europe, i.A ed., n. 167. [46] The Isle of Pines Perry, says of it : " This strange composition, sometimes erro- neously described as a 'political romance,' to which it bears no resemblance whatever, is a moral satire in prose, with a strong undercurrentof bitter jibes at the Romish church, and its eccen- tricities, which sufficiently betray the author's main purpose in writing it. It shows considerable imagination, wit, and skill in latinity, but it has not enough of verisimilitude to make it an efFeftive satire, and does not always avoid scurrility." ' Like Neville's production, the satire was misinterpreted. The title of Neville's traft also recalls the lost play of Thomas Nash — "The Isle of Dogs" — for which he was imprisoned on its appearance in 1597, and suffered, as he asserted, for the indis- cretion of others." As A6tseon was worried by his own hounds," wrote Francis Meres in his " Palladis Tamia," "so is Tom Nash of his Isle of Dogs." And three years later, in 1600, Nash re- ferred in his "Summers Last Will" to the excitement raised by his suppressed play. " Here 's a coil about dogs without wit! If I had thought the ship of fools would have stay'd to take in fresh water at the Isle of Dogs, I would have furnish'd it with a whole kennel of coUeftions to the purpose." The inci- dent was long remembered.* Nine years after Nash's experience John Day published his " Isle of Gvls," drawn from Sir Philip Sidney's "Arcadia." ^DiSionary of National Biography, xxiv. 76. ''I take these fafts from Sir Sidney Lee's sketch of Nash in the Didionary of National Biography, XL. 107. [47 ] The Isle of Fines Defoe and the "-Isle of Pines'' I would apologize for taking so much time on a nine-page hoax did it not offer something positive in the history of Eng- lish literature. It has long been recognized as one of the more than possible sources of Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe." It is truly said that the elements of a masterpiece exist for years before they become embodied, that they are floating in the air, as it were, awaiting the master workman who can make that use which gives to them permanent interest. Life on an island, en- tirely separated from the rest of mankind, had formed an inci- dent in many tales, but Neville's is believed to have been the first employment by an English author of island life for the whole story. And while Defoe excludes the most important feature of Neville's tra6t — woman— r from his "Robinson Crusoe," issued in April, 1 7 1 9, he too, four months after, published the " Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," in which woman has a share. It would be wearisome to undertake a comparison of incident; suffice it to say that the " Isle of Pines" has been accepted as a pre-Defoe romance, to which the far greater Englishman may have been indebted. [48 ] THE ISLE OF PINES The combined Farts as issued in 1668 i A DESCRJPTION TOF f ISLE OF HNES ^t^ ,Vufitlni^ hif '^offU ^^^^^^""^T^r^s~^sr^^ ^ ^DutchiTnf; ialjt^ y- -wntiii^ t. The Isle of Pines OR, A late Difcovery of a fourth ISLAND near Terra Aujhalis, Incognita BY Henry Cornelius Van Sloetten. tVherem is contained. A True Relation of certain Englijh perfons, who in Queen Eliza- beths time, making a Voyage to the Eqft Indies were caft away, and wracked near to the Coaft of 'Terra Aujlralis, Incognita, and all drowned, except one Man and four Women. And now lately Anno Dom. 1667. a Dutch Ship making a Voyage to the EaJ Indies, driven by foul weather there, by chance have found their Pofterity, (fpeaking good Englijh) to amount (as they fuppofe) to ten or twelve thoufand perfons. The whole Relation (written and left by the Man himfelf a little before his death, and de- livered to the Dutch by his Grandchild) Is here annexed with the Longitude and Latitude of the Ifland,the fcituation and feli- city thereof, with other matter obfervable. Licenfed July 27. 1668. London, Printed for Allen Banks and Charles Harper next door to the three SquerrillS in Fleet-Jlreet, over againft St. Dunjians Church, 1668. Two Letters concerning the Ifland 0/ Pines to a Credible per/on in Covent Garden. Amfterdam, June the 29*^ 1668. IT is written by the lafi Pqftfrom Rochel, to a Merchant in this City, that there was a French. Jhifi arrived, the Majler and Com- pany of which reports, that about 2 or 300 Leagues Northweft from Cape Finis Terre, they fell in with an IJland, where they went on Jhore, and found about 2000 Englifli people without cloathes, only fomefmall coverings about their middle, and that they related to them, that at their firji coming to this IJland {which was in ^leen Eliza- beths time") they were but five in number men and women, being caft on Jhore by dijlrefs or otherwife, and had there remained everfince, without having any correfpondence with any other people, or anyjhip coming to them, 'this Jiory feems very fabulous, yet the Letter is come to a knffwn Merchant, and from a good hand in France, yo that I thought fit to mention it, it may be that there 7nay befome mijiake in the number of the Leagues, as alfo of the exa£t point of the Compafs, from Cape Finis Terre; I Jhall enguire tnore particularly about it. Some Englilh herefuppofe it may be the I/land of 'QxdS-ilt which have beenfo oft fought for, Southwef from Ireland, if true, we Jhall hear further about it ; your friend and Brother, Abraham Keek. Amfterdam, July the 6*'' 1668. IT is faid that ike Jhip that difcovered the Ifland, of which I hinted to you in my laft, is departed from Rochel, on her way to Zealand, fever al perfons here have writ thither to enquire for the faid Vejfel, to know the truth of this bujinefs. 1 was promifed a Copy of the Letter [53] The Isle of Pines that came from France, adviftng the difcmery of the IJland above- faid, but ifs not yet come to my hand; when it cometh, or any further news about this IJland, I Jhall acquaint you -with it. Tour Friend and Brother, A. Keek. [54] THE ISLE OF PINES, Discovered Near to the Coaft of Terra Auftralis In- cognita, by Henry Cornelius Va?i Sloetten, in a Letter to a friend in London, declaring the truth of his Voyage to the Eaft Indies. SIR, I Received your Letter of this fecond inftant, wherein you defireme to give you a further account concerning the Land of Pines, on which we were driven by diftrefs of Weather the laft Summer, I alfo perufed the Printed Book thereof you fent me, the Copy of which was furreptioufly taken out of my hands, elfe fliould I have given you a more fuller account upon what accafion we came thither, how we were entertained, with fome other circum-[ 2 ]ftances of note wherein that relation is defec- tive. To fatisfie therefore your defires, I fliall briefly yet fully give you a particular account thereof, with a true Copy of the Rela- tion it felf; defiring you to bear with my blunt Phrafes, as being more a Seaman then a Scholler. ^pril the 26tk 1667. We fet fail from Amfierdam, intending for the Eaft-Indies; our fliip had to name the place from whence we came, the Amfterdam burthen 350. Tun, and having a fair gale of Wind, on the 27 of May following we had a fight of the high Peak oi'^enriffe belonging to the Canaries, we have touched at the Ifland Palma, but having endeavoured it twice, and find- ing the winds contrary, we fleered on our coufe by the Ifles of Cape Verd, or Infuliz Capitis Viridis, where at St. y antes' s we [55 J The Isle of Fines took in frefli water, with fome few Goats, and Hens, wherewith that Ifland doth plentifully abound. June the 14. we had a fight of Madagafcar, or the Ifland of St. Laurence, an Ifland of 4000 miles in compafs, and fcituate under the Southern Tropick; thither we fleered our courfe, and trafficked with the inhabitants for Knives, Beads, Glafles and the like, having in exchange thereof Cloves and Silver. Departing from thence we were incountred with a violent ftorm, and the winds holding contrary, for the fpace of a fortnight, brought us back almoft as far as the Ifle Del Principe; during which time many of our men fell fick, and fome dyed, but at the end of that time it pleafed God the wind favoured us again, and we fleered on our courfe merrily, for the fpace of ten days : when on a fud- den we were encountered with fuch a violent ftorm, as if all the four winds together had confpired for our deftrudion, fo that the ftouteft fpirit of us all quailed, expeftin'g every hour to be devoured by that mercilefs element of water, fixteen dayes to- gether [ 3 ]did this ftorm continue, though not with fuch violence as at the firft, the Weather being fo dark all the while, and the Sea fo rough, that we knew not in what place we were, at length all on a fudden the Wind ceafed, and the Air cleared, the Clouds were all difperfed, and a very ferene Sky followed, for which we gave hearty thanks to the Almighty, it being beyond our expeftation that we fliould have efcaped the violence of that ftorm. At length one of our men mounting the Main-maft efpyed fire, an evident fign of fome Countrey near adjoyning, which prefently after we apparently difcovered, and fleering our courfe [56] The Isle of Fines more nigher, we faw feveral perfons promifcuoufly running about the fliore, as it were wondering and admiring at what they faw : Being now near to the Land, we manned out our long Boat with ten perfons, who approaching the ftiore, asked them in our Dutch Tongue WiWi Cplfltlt tS Dlti* to which they re- turned this Anfwer in EngUfli, '^hat they knew not what wefaid. One of our Company named Jeremiah Hanzen who underftood Englijh very well, hearing their words difcourft to them in their own Language; fo that in fine we were very kindly invited on fliore, great numbers of them flocking about us, admiring at our Cloaths which we did wear, as we on the other fide did to find in fuch a ftrange place, fo many that could fpeak Englijh, and yet to go naked. Four of our men returning back in the long Boat to our Ships company, could hardly make them believe the truth of what they had feen and heard, but when we had brought our ftiip into harbour, you would have bleft your felf to fee how the naked Iflanders flocked unto us, fo wondering at our Chip, as if it had been the greateft miracle of Nature in whole World. [ 4 ] We were very courteoufly entertained by them, prefenting us with fuch food as that Countrey afforded, which indeed was not to be defpifed; we eat of the Flefli both of Beafts, and Fowls, which they had cleanly dreft, though with no great curiofity, as wanting materials, wherewithal to do it ; and for bread we had the infide or Kernel of a great Nut as big as an Apple, which was very wholfome, and found for the body, and tafted to the Pallat very delicious. Having refreflied our felves, they invited us to the Pallace [57 J The Isle of Fines of their Prince or chief Ruler, fome two miles diftant off from the place where we landed; which we found to be about the big- nefs of one of our ordinary village houfes, it was fupported with rough unhewn pieces of Timber, and covered very artificially with boughs, fo that it would keep out the greateft (howers of Rain, the fides thereof were adorned with feveral forts of Flowers, which the fragrant fields there do yield in great variety. The Prince himfelf (whofe name was William Pine the Grand- child of George Pine that was firft on fhore in this Ifland) came to his Pallace door and faluted us very courteoufly, for though he had nothing of Majefty in him, yet had he a courteous noble and deboneyre fpirit, wherewith your Englifh Nation (efpecially thofe of the Gentry) are very much indued. Scarce had he done faluting us when his Lady or Wife, came likewife forth of their Houfe or Pallace, attended on by two Maid-fervants, flie was a woman of an exquifite beauty, and had on her head as it were a Chaplet of Flowers, which being intermixt with feveral variety of colours became her admirably. Her privities were hid with fome pieces of old Garments, the Relids of thofe Cloaths (I fuppofe) of them which firft came hither, and yet being adorned with Flowers thofe very ragsfeem- eth beautiful; and [ 5 ] indeed modefty fo far prevaileth over all the Female Sex of that Ifland, that with grafs and flowers inter- woven and made ftrong by the peelings of young Elms (which grow there in great plenty) they do plant together fo many of them as ferve to cover thofe parts which nature would have hidden. We carried him as a prefent fome few Knives, of which we [58] The Isle of Fines thought they had great need, an Ax or Hatchet to fell Wood, which was very acceptable unto him, the Old one which was caft on fhore at the firft, and the only one that they ever had, being now fo quite blunt and dulled, that it would not cut at all, fome few other things we alfo gave him, which he very thankfully accepted, inviting us into his Houfe or Pallace, and caufing us to fit down with him, where we refreflied our felves again, with fome more Countrey viands which were no other then fuch we tafted of before ; Prince and peafant here faring alike, nor is there any difference betwixt their drink, being only frefli fweet water, which the rivers yield them in great abundance. After fome little paufe, our Companion (who could fpeak Englifli) by our requeft defired to know of him fomething con- cerning their Original and how that people fpeaking the Lan- guage of fuch a remote Countrey, fhould come to inhabit there, having not, as we could fee, any fliips or Boats amongft them the means to bring them thither, and which was more, altogether ignorant and meer ftrangers to fhips, or fhipping, the main thing conducible to that means, to which requeft of ours, the courteous Prince thus replyed. Friends (for fo your adions declare you to be, and Ihall by ours find no lefs) know that we are inhabitants of this Ifland of no great ftanding, my Grandfather being the firft that ever fet foot on this fliore,'whofe native Countrey was [ 6 ] a place called England, far diftant from this our Land, as he let us to underftand; He came from that place upon the Waters, in a thing called a Ship, of which no queftion but you may have heard; feveral other perfons were in his company, not intending to have come [59] The Isle of Pines hither (as he faid) but to a place called Indt'a, when tempeftu- ous weather brought him and his company upon this Coaft, where falling among the Rocks his fliip fplit all in pieces; the whole company perifhing in the Waters, faving only him and four women, which by means of a broken piece of that Ship, by Divine afliftance got on Land. What after paffed (faid he) during my Grandfathers life, I Ihall fhow you in a Relation thereof written by his own hand, which he delivered to my Father being his eldeft Son, charging him to have a fpecial care thereof, and affuring him that time would bring fome people or other thither to whom he would have him to impart it, that the truth of our firft planting here might not be quite loft, which his commands my Father duti- fully obeyed; but no one coming, he at his death delivered the fame with the like charge to me, and you being the firft people, which (befides our felves) ever fet footing in this Ifland, I dall therefore in obedience to my Grandfathers and Fathers com- mands, willingly impart the fame unto you. Then ftepping into a kind of inner room, which as we con- ceived was his lodging Chamber, he brought forth two flieets of paper fairly written in Englijk, (being the fame Relation which you had Printed with you at London) and very diftindly read the fame over unto us, which we hearkened unto with great de- light and admiration, freely proffering us a Copy of the fame, which we afterward took and brought away along with us; which Copy hereafter followeth. [ 7 ] ' ' Here begins the first part of the trail. [60] Ontdeckingc van 't E Y L A N D T T^ A N P I N E S, * m tEiHitifi'onbrbriiClIant/fabai] Diffel^ l'/|ucf)Cfii/ l5»jfrni/oEUofntl)eiJt/£!l0 mrOe Df 0oo|t~tf Unge Drr eii0eire Ddtie/ ccc. op tfeiut 4fp(anDt JDpt get ^ngelji )dectac!t EylantPtnes € miKflftDam/ fltbHicBtBp 3acoB^ti£ht« / opDefearr- lemmrrflcareiircarr0u|t9SS3€^ i66s. The Isle of Fines A Way to the Eaft India's being lately difcovered by Sea, to . the South oiJffrick by certain Portugals, far more fafe and profitable then had been heretofore ; certain Englijh Merchants encouraged by the great advantages arifing from the Eaftern Commodities, to fettle a Factory there for the advantage of Trade. And having to that purpofe obtained the Queens Royal Licence Anno Dom. 1 569. 1 1 . or 12. FAiz. furniflit out for thofe parts four Ihips, my Mafter being fent as Fador to deal and Negotiate for them, and to fettle there, took with him his whole Family, (that is to fay) his Wife, and one Son of about twelve years of age, and one Daughter of about fourteen years, two Maidfervants, one Negro female flave, and my Self, who went under him as his Book-keeper, with this company on Monday the third of April next following, (having all neceffaries for Houfekeeping when we fliould come there, we Embarqued our felves in the good fliip called the India Merchant, of about four hundred and fifty Tuns burthen, and having a good wind, we on the fourteenth day of May had fight of the Canaries, and not long after of the Ifles of Cape Fert, or Ferd, where taking in fuch things as were neceflary for our Voyage, and fome frefh Provifions, we ftearing our courfe South, and a point Eaft, about the firft of Auguft came within fight of the Ifland of St. Hellen, where we took in fome frefli water, we then fet our faces for the Cape of Good hope, where by Gods bleffing after fome fick- nefs, whereof fome of our company died, though none of our family; and hitherto we had met with none but calm weather, yet fo it pleafed God, when we were almoft in fight of St. Lau- rence, an Ifland fo called, one of the greateft in the world, as [61 ] The Isle of Pines Marrlners fay, we were overtaken and difperfed by a great ftorm of Wind, which continued with fuch violence [ 8 ] many days, that lofing all hope of fafety, being out of our own knowledge, and whether we Ihould fall on Flats or Rocks, uncertain in the nights, not having the leaft benefit of the light, we feared moft, alwayes wilhing for day, and then for Land, but it came too foon for our good; for about the firft of O£fol>er, our fears having made us forget how the time pafTed to a certainty; we about the break of day difcerned Land (but what we knew not) the Land feemed high and Rockey, and the Sea continued ftill very ftormy and tempeftuous, infomuch as there feemed no hope of fafety, but looked fuddenly to perilh. As we grew near Land, perceiving no fafety in the fliip, which we looked would fuddenly be beat in pieces : The Captain, my Matter, and fome others got into the long Boat, thinking by that means to fave their lives, and prefently after all the Seamen caft themfelves overboard, think- ing to fave their lives by fwimming, onely myfelf, my Matters Daughters, the two Maids, and the Negro were left on board, for we could not fwim; but thofe that left us, might as well have tarried with us, for we faw them, or mott of them perifh, our felves now ready after to follow their fortune, but God was pleafed to fpare our lives, as it were by miracle, though to further forrow; for when we came againtt the Rocks, our (hip having endured two or three blows againtt the Rocks, (being nowbroken and quite foundred in the Waters, we having with much ado gotten our felves on the Bowfpright, which being broken off, was driven by the Waves into a fmall Creek, wherein fell a little River, which being encompaffed by the Rocks, was fliel- [62] The Isle of Fines tered from the Wind, fo that we had opportunity to land our felves, (though almoft drowed) in all four perfons, befides the Negro-.iffhen we were got upon the Rock, we could perceive the miferable Wrack to our great terrour, I had in my [ 9 ] pocket a little Tinder-hox, and Steel, and Flint to ftrike fire at any time upon occafion, which ferved now to good Purpofe, for its being fo clofe, preferved the Tinder dry, with this, and the help of fome old rotten Wood which we got together, we kindled a fire and dryed our felves, which done, I left my female company, and went to fee, if I could find any of our Ships company, that were efcaped, but could hear of none, though I hooted, and made all the noife I could ; neither could I perceive the foot- fteps of any living Creature (fave a few Birds, and other Fowls. At length it drawing towards the Evening, I went back to my company, who were very much troubled for want of me. I being now all their ftay in this loft condition, we were at firft affraid that the wild people of the Countrey might find us out, although we faw no footfteps of any, not fo much as a Path; the Woods round about being full of Briers and Brambles, we alfo flood in fear of wild Beafts, of fuch alfo we faw none, nor fign of any : But above all, and that we had greateft reafon to fear, was to be ftarved to death for want of Food, but God had otherwife provided for us, as you fliall know hereafter; this done, we fpent our time in getting fome broken pieces of Boards, and Planks, and fome of the Sails and Rigging on fliore for flielter; I fet up two or three Poles, and drew two or three of the Cords and Lines from Tree to Tree, over which throwing fome Sail-cloathes, and having gotten Wood by us, and three [63] The Isle of Pines or four Sea-gowns, which we had dryed, we took up our Lodg- ing for that night altogether (the Blackmoor being lefs fenfible then the reft we made our Gentry) we flept foundly that night, as having not flept in three or four nights before (our fears of what happened preventing us) neither could our hard lodging, fear, and danger hinder us we were fo over wacht. [ lO ] On the morrow, being well refreftit with fleep, the winde ceaied, and the weather was very warm; we went down the Rocks on the fands at low water, where we found great part of our lading, either on fliore or floating near it. I by the help of my company, dragged moft of it on fliore ; what was too heavy for us broke, and we unbound the Casks and Chefts, and, tak- ing out the goods, fecured all ; fo that we wanted no clothes , nor any other provifion neceflary for Houfekeeping, to fumilh a bet- ter houfe than any we were like to have ; but no victuals (the laft water having fpoiled all) only one Cask of bisket, being lighter than the reft was dry; this ferved for bread a while, and we found on Land a fort of fowl about the bignefs of a Swan, very heavie and fat, that by reafon of their weight could not fly, of thefe we found little difficulty to kill, fo that was our prefent food; we carried out oi England certain Hens and Cocks to eat by the way, fome of thefe when the fliip was broken, by fome means got to land, & bred exceedingly, fo that in the future they were a great help unto us ; we found alfo, by a little River, in the flags, ftore of eggs, of a fort of foul much like our Ducks, which were very good meat, fo that we wanted nothing to keep us alive. On the morrow, which was the third day, as foon as it was morning, feeing nothing to difturb us, I lookt out a convenient [64] The Isle of Fines place to dwell in, that we might build us a Hut to Ihelter us from the weather, and from any other danger of annoyance, from wild beafts (if any Ihould finde us out : So cloffe by a large fpring which rofe out of a high hill over-looking the Sea, on the fide of a wood, having a profped; towards the Sea) by the help of an Ax and fome other implements (for we had all neceffaries, the working of the Sea, having caft up moft of our goods) I cut down all the ftraighteft poles I could find, and which were enough [ n ] for my purpofe, by the help of my company (necef- fity being our Matter) I digged holes in the earth fetting my poles at an equl diftance, and nailing the broken boards of the Caskes, Chefts, and Cabins, and fuch like to them, making my door to the Seaward, and having covered the top, with fail-clothes ftrain'd and nail'd, I in the fpace of a week had made a large Cabbin big enough to hold all our goods and our felves in it, I alfo placed our Hamocks for lodging, purpofing (if it pleafed God to fend any Ship that way) we might be tranfported home, but it never came to pafs, the place, wherein we were (as I con- ceived) being much out of the way. We having now lived in this manner full four months, and not fo much as feeing or hearing of any wild people, or of any of our own company, more then our felves (they being found now by experience to be all drowned) and the place, as we after found, being a large Ifland, and difjoyned, and out of fight of any other Land, was wholly uninhabited by any people, neither was there any hurtful beaft to annoy us : But on the contrary the countrey fo very pleafant, being always clothed with green, and full of pleafant fruits, and variety of birds, ever warm, and never [65] The Isle of Pines colder then in England in September: So that this place (had it the culture, that skilful people might beftow on it) would prove a Paradife. The Woods afforded us a fort of Nuts, as big as a large Apple, whofe kernel being pleafant and dry, we made ufe of inftead of bread, that fowl before mentioned, and a fort of water-fowl like Ducks, and their eggs, and a beaft about the fize of a Goat, and almoft fuch a like creature, which brought two young ones at a time, and that twice a year, of which the Low Lands and Woods were very full, being a very harmlefs creature and tame, fo that we could eafily [ 12 ] take and kill them : FiQi, alfo, efpecially Shell-filh (which we could beft come by) we had great ftore of, fo that in efFeft as to Food we wanted nothing; and thus, and by fuch like helps, we continued fix moneths without any difturbance or want. Idlenefs and Fulnefs of every thing begot in me a defire of enjoying the women, beginning now to grow more familiar, I had perfwaded the two Maids to let me lie with them, which I did at firft in private, but after, cuftome taking away fliame (there being none but us) we did it more openly, as our Lulls gave us liberty; afterwards my M afters Daughter was content alfo to do as we did ; the truth is, they were all handfome Women, when they had Cloathes, and well fliaped, feeding well. For we wanted no Food, and living idlely, and feeing us at Liberty to do our wills, without hope of ever returning home made us thus bold: One of the firft of my Conforts with whom I firft accom- panined (the talleft and handfomeft) proved prefently with child, the fecond was my Matters Daughter, and the other alfo not long [66] The Isle of Pines after fell into the fame condition : none now remaining but my Negro, who feeing what we did, longed alfo for her fliare ; one Night, I being afleep, mj Negro, (with the consent of the others) got cloffe to me, thinking it being dark, to beguile me, but I awaking and feeling her, and perceiving who it was, yet willing to try the difference, fatisfied my felf with her, as well as with one of the reft : that night, although the firft time, ftie proved alfo with child, fo that in the year of our being here, all my women were with child by me, and they all coming at different feafons, were a great help to one another. The firft brought me a brave Boy, my Mafters Daughter was the youngeft, ftie brought me a Girl, fo did the other [ 12 ] Maid, who being fomething fat fped worfe at her labour : the Negro had no pain at all, brought me a fine white Girl, fo I had one Boy and three Girls, the Women were foon well again, and the two firft with child again before the two laft were brought to bed, my cuftome being not to lie with any of them after they were with child, till others were fo likewife, and not with the black at all after Ihe was with child, which commonly was at the firft time I lay with her, which was in the night and not elfe, my ftomach would not ferve me, although flie was one of the handfomeft Blacks I had feen, and her children as comly as any of the reft ; we had no clothes for them, and therefore when they had fuckt, we laid them in Moffe to fleep, and took no further care of them, for we knew, when they were gone more would come, the Wo- men never failing once a year at leaft, and none of the Children (for all the hardfliip we put them to) were ever fick; fo that want- ing now nothing but Cloathes, nor them much neither, other [67] The Isle of Fines then for decency, the warmth of the Countrey and Cuftome fupplying that Defeft, we were now well fatisfied with our con- dition, our Family beginning to grow large, there being noth- ing to hurt us, we many times lay abroad on Moffey Banks, under the flicker of fome Trees, or fuch like (for having noth- ing elfe to do) I had made me feveral Arbors to fleep in with my Women in the heat of the day, in thefe I and my women paffed the time away, they being never willing to be out of my company. r And having now no thought of ever returning home, as hav- ing refolved and fworn each to other, never to part or leave one another, or the place ; having by my feveral wives, forty feven Children, Boys and Girls, but moft Girls, and growing up apace, we were all of us very fleflily, the Country fo well agreeing with us, that we never ailed any thing; [ 14 ] my Negro having had twelve, was the firft that left bearing, fo I never medled with her more: My Mafters Daughter (by whom I had moft children, being the youngeft and handfomeft) was moft fond of me, and I of her. Thus we lived for fixteen years, till perceiving my eldeft Boy to mind the ordinary work of Nature, by feeing what we did, I gave him a Mate, and fo I did to all the reft, as faft as they grew up, and were capable : My Wives having left: bearing, my children began to breed apace, fo we were like to be a multi- tude; My firft Wife brought me thirteen children, my fecond feven, my Mafters Daughter fifteen, and the Negro twelve, in all forty feven. After we had lived there twenty two years, my Negro died fud- denly, but I could not perceive any thing that ailed her; moft [68] The Isle of Pines of my children being grown, as faft as we married them, I fent them and placed them over the River by themfelves leverally, becaufe we would not pefter one another; and now they being all grown up, and gone, and married after our manner (except fome two or three of the youngeft) for (growing my felf into years) I liked not the wanton annoyance of young company. Thus having lived to the fixtieth year of my age, and the for- tieth of my coming thither, at which time I fent for all of them to bring their children, and there were in number defcended from me by thefe four Women, of my Chrildren, Grand-chil- dren, and great Grand-children, five hundred fixty five of both forts, I took off the Males of one Family, and married them to the Females of another, not letting any to marry their fitters, as we did formerly out of neceflity, fo blefling God for his Provi- dence and goodnefs, I difmift them, I having taught fome of my children to read formerly, for I had left ftill the Bible, I charged it Ihould be read once a moneth at [ I5 ] a general meet- ing : At laft one of my Wives died being fixty eight years of age, which I buried in a place, fet out on purpofe, and within a year Lafter another, fo I had none now left but my Matters Daugh- ter, and we lived together twelve years longer, at length flie died alfo, fo I buried her alfo next the place where I purpofed to be buried my felf, and the tall Maid my firft Wife next me on the other fide, the Negro next without her, and the other Maid next my Matters Daughter. I had now nothing to mind, but the place whether I was to go, being very old, almott eighty years, I gave my Cabin and Furniture that was left to my eldeft fon after my deceafe, who had married my eldett Daughter by my beloved [69] The Isle of Fines Wife, whom I made King and GoVernour of all the reft : I in- formed them of the Manners of Europe, and charged them to remember the Chriftian Religion, after the manner of them that fpake the fame Language, and to admit no other; if hereafter any Ihould come and find them out. And now once for all, I fummoned them to come to me, that I might number them, which I did, and found the eftimate to con- tain in or about the eightieth year of my age, and the fifty ninth of my coming there; in all, of all forts, one thoufand feven hun- dred eighty and nine. Thus praying God to multiply them, and fend them the true light of the Gofpel, I laft of all difmift them : For, being now very old, and my fight decayed, I could not ex- pe6t to live long. I gave this Narration (written with my own hand) to my eldeft Son, who now lived with me, commanding him to keep it, and if any ftrangers fhould come hither by chance, to let them fee it, and take a Copy of it if they would, that our name be not loft from off the earth. I gave this people (defcended from me) the name of the ENGLISH PINES, George Pine being my [ i6 ] name, and my Mafters Daughters name Sarah EngUJh, my two other Wives were Mary Sfarkes, and Elizabeth Trevor, fo their feverall Defcendants are called thcENG - LISH, the SPJRKS, andthe'rRErORS,andthePHILLS, from the Chriftian Name of the Negro, which was Philippa, file having no furname : And the general name of the whole the ENGLLSH PINES; whom God blefs with the dew of Heaven, and the fat of the Earth, AMEN.' ' Here ended the first part. [70] €im note ^mudum ^(^ ^Uttm ^t^fiin^e^ dt tm unb(tnim»4< SMU(ll'1»«r|i^n(n/^<((r(inctf*ncn ftoicT an9»ro|fm/«nb9tt(<£n9(l(|} ^(>^m/^ If at cnbiid) Auff i|)rc iM(r(«uf ben JC)offonb(ni flfim{on*3^(a tntbtda tfMtn/mM>t aud» «M ftdxrcr nnb ptwiilt^tt off %(( voH^f s«ad)tcf tvuTt> bi j f. G. voor JUtm Bank, en Charlts Harftr , inde Lelijbij Cripplegace-Kcrke.) Bij JoMtnts S(trtnm , in dcLomberdBrate, 1668. The Isle of Pines The Governour William Pines had interpofed in the matter, but found his Authority too weak to reprefs fuch Diforders; for where the Hedge of Government is once broken down, the moft vile bear the greateft rule, whereupon he defir'd our affift- ance, to which we readily condefcended, and arming out twelve of us went on Shore, rather as to a furprize then fight, for what could nakednfs do to encounter with Arms. Being conducted by him to the force of our Enemy, we firft entered into parley, feeking to gain them rather by fair means then force, but that not prevailing, we were neceflitated to ufe violence, for this Henry Phill being of an undaunted refolution, and having armed his fellows with Clubs and Stones, they fent fuch a Peal amongft us, as made us at the firft to give back, which encouraged them to follow us on with great violence, but we difcharging off three or four Guns, when they faw fome of themfelves wounded, and heard the terrible reports which they gave, they ran away with greater fpeed then they came. The Band of the 'Trevors who were joyned with us, hotly purfued them, and having taken their Captain, returned with great triumph to their Governour, who fitting in Judgment upon him, he was adjudged to death, and thrown off a fteep Rock into the Sea, the only way they have of puniftiing any by death, except burning. And now at laft we took our folemn leaves of the Governour, and departed from thence, having been there in all, the fpace of three weeks and two dayes, we took with us good ftore of the flefli of a Beaft which they call there Reval, being [ 27 ] in taft dif- ferent either from Beef or Swines-flefli, yet very delightful to the Pallate, and exceeding nutrimental. We took alfo with us alive, [81 ] The Isle of Pines divers Fowls which they call Marde, about the bignefs of a Pullet, and not different in tafte, they are very fwift of flight, and yet fo fearlefs of danger, that they will ftand ftill till fuch time as you catch them : We had alfo fent us in by the Gov- emour about two bufliels of eggs, which as I conje6ture were the Mards eggs, very lullious in tafte, and ftrenthening to the body. June 8. We had a fight of Cambaia, a part of the Eaji Indies, but, under the Government of the great Cham of '^artary; here our Veflel fpringing a leak, we were forced to put to fliore, receiving much dammage in fome of our Commodities; we were forced to ply the Pump for eighteen hours together, which, had that mifcarried, we had inevitably have perilhed; here we ftai'd five dayes mending our Ship, and drying fome of our Goods, and then hoifing Sail, in four days time more we came to Calecute. This Calecute is the chief Mart Town and Staple of all the Indian Traffique, it is very populous, and frequented by Mer- chants of all Nations. Here we unladed a great part of our Goods, and taking in others, which caufed us to ftay there a full Moneth, during which fpace, atleifure times I went abroad to take a furvey of the City, which I found to be large and populous, lying for three miles together upon the Sea-lhore. Here is a great many of thofe perfons whom thy call Brack- mans, being their Priefts or Teachers whom they much rever- ence. It is a cuftome here for the King to give to fome of thofe Brachmain, the hanfelling of his Nuptial Bed ; for which caufe, not the Kings, but the Kings fifters fons fucceedinthe Kingdom, as being more certainly known to be of the true Royal blood: And thefe fifters of his choofe what Gentleman they [ 28 ] pleafe [82] The Isle of Fines on whom to beftow their Virginities; and if they prove not in a certain time to be with child, they betake themfelves to thefe Brachman Stalions, who never fail of doing their work. The people are indifferently civil and ingenious, both men and women imitate a Majefty in their Train and Apparel, which they fweeten, with Oyles and Perfumes: adorning themfelves with Jewels and other Ornaments befitting each Rank and Quality of them. They have many odd Cuftoms amongft them which they observe very ftrictly; as firft, not knowing their Wives after they have born them two children: Secondly, not accompanying them, if after five years cohabition they can raife no iffue by them, but taking others in their rooms: Thirdly, never being rewarded for any Military exploit, unlefs they bring with them an enemies Head in their Hand, but that which is ftrangeft, and indeed moft barbarous, is that when any of their fi-iends falls fick, they will rather chufe to kill him, then that he fliould be withered by ficknefs. Thus you fee there is little employment there for Doftors, when to be fick, is the next wan for to be flain, or perhaps the people may be of the mind rather to kill themfelves, then to let the Dodors do it. Having dipfatchedour bufinefs, and fraighted again our Ship, we left Calecute, and put forth to Sea, and coafted along several of the Iflands belonging to India, at Camboia I met with our old friend Mr. David Prire, who was overjoyed to fee me, to whom I related our Difcovery of the Ifland of Pines, in the fame man- ner as I have related it to you; he was then but newly recov- [83] The Isle of Fines ered of a Feaver, the Air of that place not being agreeable to him; here we took in good ftore of Aloes, and fome other Com- modities, and vidualled our Ship for our return home. [ 29 ] After four dayes failing we met with two Portugal Ships which came from Lisbon, one whereof had in a ftorm loft its Top-maft, and was forced in part to be towed by the other. We had no bad weather in eleven dayes fpace, but then a fudden ftorm of Wind did us much harm in our Tacklings, and fwept away one of our Sailors off from the Fore Caftle. Nmember the fixth had like to have been a fatal day unto us, our Ship ftriking twice upon a Rock, and at night was in danger of being fired by the negligence of a Boy, leaving a Candle carelefly in the Gun- room; the next day we were chafed by a Pyrate oiArgiere, but by the fwiftnefs of our Sails we out ran him. December the firft we came again to Madagafcar, where we put in for a frefli recruit of Viftuals and Water. During our abode here, there hapned a very great Earth- quake, which tumbled down many Houfes; The people of themfelves are very Unhofpitable and Treacherous, hardly to to be drawn to Traffique with any people; and now, this calamitie happening upon them, fo enraged them againft the Chriftians, imputing all fuch calamities to the caufe of them, that they fell upon fome Portugals and wounded them, and we feeing their mifchievous Aftions, with all the fpeed we could put forth to Sea again, and failed to the Ifland of St. Hellens. Here we ftayed all the Chriftmas Holy-dayes, which was vere much celebrated by the Govemour there under the King of Sfain : Here we furnilhed ourfelves with all neceflaries which [84] The Isle of Fines we wanted; but upon our departure, our old acquaintance Mr. Fetrvs Ramazina, coming in a Skiff out of the IJle del 'Principe, or the Princes Ifland, retarded our going for the fpace of two dayes, for both my felf and our Purfer had Emergent bufinefs with him, he being concerned in thofe Affairs of which I wrote to you in April laft: Indeed we cannot but acknow-[ 30 ]ledge his Courtefies unto us, of which you know he is never fpar- ing. January the firft, we again hoifted Sail, having a fair and profperous gail of Wind, we touched at the Canaries, but made no tarriance, defirous now to fee our Native Countrey; but the Winds was very crofs unto us for the fpace of a week, at laft we were favoured with a gentle Gale, which brought us on merrily; though we were on a fudden ftricken again into a dump; a Sailor from the main Maft difcovering five Ships, which put us all in a great fear, we being Richly Laden, and not very well provided for Defence ; but they bearing up to us, we found them to be Zealanders and our Friends; after many other pafTages concerning us, not fo much worthy of Note, we at laft fafele arrived at home. May 26. 1 668. Thus Sir, have I given you a brief, but true Relation of our Voyage, Which I was the more willing to do, to prevent falfe Copies which might be fpread of this nature: As for the Ifland of Pines it felf, which caufed me to Write this Relation, I fup- pofe it is a thing fo ftrange as will hardly be credited by fome, although perhaps knowing perfons, efpecially confidering our laft age being fo full of Difcoveries, that this Place fliould lie Dormant for fo long a fpace of time; Others I know, fuch Nulli- fidians as will believe nothing but what they fee, applying that [85] The Isle of Pines Proverb unto us, '^hat 'travelers may lye by authority. But Sir, in writing to you, I queftion not but to give Credence, you know- ing my difpofition fo hateful to divulge Falfities; I fhall requeft you to impart this my Relation to Mr. W. IV. and Mr. P. L. remembring me very kindly unto them, not forgetting my old acquaintance, Mr. J. P. and Mr. J. B. no more at prefent, but only my beft respefts to you and your fecond felf, I reft Yours in the beft of friendftiip, Henry Cornelius Van Sloetten. yuly 22. 1668. [31] [86] POST-SCRIPT. ONe thing concerning the Ifle of Pmes, I had almoft quite forgot, we had with us an Irt^ man named Dermot Conelly who had formerly been in 'England, and had learned there to play on the Bag-pipes, which he carried to Sea with him; yet fo un-Engliflied he was, that he had quite forgotten your Lan- guage, but ftill retained his Art of Bagpipe-playing, in which he took extraordinary delight; being one day on Land in the Ifle of Fines, he played on them, but to fee the admiration of thofe naked people concerning them, would have ftriken you into admiration; long time it was before we could perfwade them that it was not a living creature, although they were permitted to touch and feel it, and yet are the people very intelligible, retain- ing a great part of the Ingenuity and Gallantry of the Englifi Nation, though they have not that happy means to exprefs themfelves; in this refped: we may account them fortunate, in that poffefling little, they enjoy all things, as being contented with what they have, wanting thofe alurements to mifchief, which our European Countries are enriched with. I Ihall not dilate any further, no queftion but time will make this Ifland known better to the world; all that I fliall ever fay of it is, that it is a place enriched with Natures abundance, deficient in nothing conducible to the fuftentation of mans life, which were it Ma- nured by Agri-culture and Gardening, as other of our European Countries are, no queftion but it would equal, if not exceed many which now pafs for praifeworthy. FINIS. BIBLIOGRAPHY The ISLE of ^P I N E S: O R, A late Difcovcry of a Fourth Ifland in Terr^ j^uftralis Incognita. BEING A true Relation of certain Engli/Jj Perfons, who, in the Dayes of Queen Elizabeth, making a Voyage to the Eaji Indies, were call away, and wrecked, upon the Illand near to the Coaft of Terra Auftralis In- cognita, and all drowned, except one Man and four Women, whereof one was a Negro. And now lately, yiti. Dom. i66j. i Dutch Ship, driven by roul Weather thcrc^ by Chance have found their Pofterity (fpcaking good Englifl}) to amount to ten or twelve ihoufand Pcrlbns, as they fuppofe. The whole Relation follows, written and left by the Man himfelf, a little before his Death, and declared to the Dutch by his Grandchild. Licensed, June 17. \66%. >- — — . LONDON: Printed in the Year M,DC,LXVIIl* BIBLIOGRAPHY English I The Isle of || Pines : || or, || A late Discovery of a Fourth Island in || Terra Australis Incognita. || Being || A true Relation of certain English Per- sons, II who, in the Dayes of Queen Elizabeth, || making a Voyage to the East Indies, were || cast away, and wrecked, upon the Island |1 near to the Coast of Terra Australis In-||cognita, and all drowned, except one Man II and four Women, whereof one was a Negro. || And now lately. An. Dom. 1667. a Dutch Ship, |1 driven by foul Weather there, by Chance || have found their Posterity (speaking good 1| English) to amount to ten or twelve thousand || Persons, as they suppose. || The whole Relation follows, written and left by the || Man himself, a little before his Death, and declared || to the Dutch by his Grandchild, || Licensed, June 27. 1668. II London: |i Printed in the Year M,DC,LXVIII. 1 6 pages, 8vo. I place this first in the list because it is without name of printer or publisher, and, if a true seventeenth century issue, would naturally be the first; but I believe it to be an eighteenth century produft. Huntington Library. The Isle of || Pines, || or |1 A late Discovery of a fourth Island in || Terra Australis, Incognita. || Being || A true Relation of certain English per- sons, II Who in the dayes of Queen Elizabeth, making a || Voyage to the East India, were cast away, and wrack-||ed upon the Island near to the Coast of Terra Austra-jjlis, Incognita, and all drowned, except one Man and |1 four Women, whereof one was a Negro. And now || lately Anno Dom. 1667. a Dutch Ship driven by foul || weather there, by chance have found their Posterity || (speaking good English) to amount [91 ] The Isle of Pines to ten or twelve || thousand persons, as they suppose. The whole Re- la-||tion follows, written, and left by the Man himself a || little before his death, and declared to the Dutch by |1 his Grandchild. 1| Licensed June 27. 1668. II London, 1| Printed by S. G. for Allen Banks and Charles Harper H at the Flouer-Deluice near Cripplegate Church, || 1668. 9 pages, 4to. So little is the real nature of this traft known that this, the first part, is catalogued as "an abridgment" in the British Museum Catalogue, and Sabin (35255) says: "This rare piece has been ascribed respeftively to H. Neville, George Pine, and Cornelius Van Sloetten. The last named person is certainly the author of another piece on the same subjeft. This isprobably by Neville." M. H. S., N. Y.H.S., Hartford, B.M. 3 Same title, but text in another type and with variations in spelling. 1 o pages, 4to. M. H. S. Huntington Library, with the frontispiece. 4 A II New and further |1 Discovery || of || The Islle of || Pines || In || A Letter from Cornelius Van Sloetton a || Dutch-man (who first dis- covered the same in the Year, || 1667.) to a Friend of his in London. || With a Relation of || his voyage to the East Indies. || Wherein |1 Is de- clared how he happened to come || thither, the Scituation of the Coun- try, the temperature || of the Climate, the manners and conditions of the people || that inhabit it; their Laws, Ordinances, and Ceremonies, || their way of Marrying, Burying, &c. the Longitude and || Latitude of the Island, the pleasantness and felicity there-jjof, with other matters of concern. || Licensed according to Order. || London || Printed for Allen Bankes and Charles Harper, at the Flower-||de-luce near Cripplegate Church, 1668. [92] Bibliography 24 pages, 4to. Sabin (82180) properly describes this as "a. fiftitious narrative," and he repeats the title of the first part with the following comment: "This ap- pears to be the first edition of Henry Nevile's ' piece of drollery,' and the one fol- lowed in the reprint of 1768 [No. 6, hi/ra]. It was written for the purpose of setting forth the author's peculiar social and political ideas. There are two other editions of the same date, described below, which contain many additions, together with a plate." He then gives a title of thirty-one pages, which will not fit any copy I have located and which is evidently the first part. The thirty-one pages and plate fit only the combined parts, infra. 5 The Isle of |1 Pines || or || A late Discovery of a fourth Island near || Terra Australis, Incognita. || By || Henry Cornelius Van Sloetten. || Wherein is contained, || A true Relation of certain English persons, who || in Queen Elizabeth's time, making a Voyage to the East In-||-dies were cast away, and wracked near to the Coast of Ter-||-ra Australis, Incognita, and all drowned, except one Man || and four Women. || And now lately Anno Dom. 1667. a II Dutch Ship making a Voyage to the East Indies, driven by II foul weather there by chance have found their Posterity, || (speaking good English) to amount (as they suppose) to ten or twelve thousand persons. The whole Relation || (written and left by the Man himself a little before his || death, and delivered to the Dutch by his Grandchild) Is II here annexed with the Longitude and Latitude of the Island, || the scituation and felicity thereof, with other matter ob-||-servable. || Licensed, July 27, 1668. II London, Printed for Allen Banks and Charles Harper || next door to the three Squerrills in Fleet-street, over against || St. Dun- stans Church, 1668. 3 1 pages, 4to. A combination of the first and second parts. B. M., J. C. B. [93 J The Isle of Pines 6 The Isle of Pines. || Or a late discovery of a fourth Island, in || Terra Australis Incognita. || Being a true Relation of certain English Per-|| sons, who, in the days of Q; Elizabeth, || making a Voyage to the East India, were cast || away, and wrecked upon that Island, and all || drowned, except one Man and four Women, || whereof one was a Negro. || And now lately, || A.D. 1 667, a Dutch ship driven by foul || weather there, by chance have found their || Posterity, speaking good English, to amount || to 10 or 12,000 persons, as they suppose. || The whole relation fol- lows, written by the || Man himself a little before his death, and |1 de- clared to the Dutch by his grandchild. [By Henry Neville.] London || Printed MDCLXVIII || Reprinted for T. Cadell || MDCCLXVIII. 1 9 pages, 1 2mo. This was the reissue made on the suggestion of Thomas HoUis, as is related in the following note : September 7. [1765] He [Thomas Hollis] sent to the London Chronicle a piece of drollery, as he calls it, by Henry Neville, intituled, "The Isle of Pines," with a short preface, signed, "Harpocrates," of which he also procured an elegant edition, izmo. in 1768, printed for Cadell, to which was prefixed a satyrical and not over delicate piece, intituled, "The Parliament of Ladies," first printed in 1647. The first edition of the "Isle of Pines," was printed at London, in 4to. 1668, for Allen Banks and Charles Harper. The whole title as follows: "The Isle of Pines, or a late discovery of a fourth island near Terra Australis Incognita, by Henry Cornelius Van Sloettan ; wherein is contained, a true relation of certain English persons who, in queen Elizabeth's time, making a voyage to the East Indies, were cast away, and wrecked near the coast of Terra Australis Incog- nita, and all drowned except one man and four women. And now lately, A.D. 1667, a Dutch ship making a voyage to the East Indies, driven by foul weather there, by chance have found their posterity (speaking good English) to amount (as they suppose) to ten or twelve thousand persons. The whole relation (written and left by the man himself, a little before his death, and delivered to the Dutch by his [94] Bibliography grand-child) is here annexed, with the lon^tude and latitude of the island, the sit- uation and felicity thereof, with other matter observable." Mr. HoUis's edition of the "Isle of Pines " does not contain the whole of what is to be found in the old quarto. For what reason he omitted so much of it (having published only about nine pages out of thirty-one, of which the quarto pamphlet consists) , does not appear, particularly the laws enafled by Henry Pine, for the government of the inhabitants. Mr. HoUis called it "a piece of drollery ;" but it seems to have been intended by Neville for a serious representation of the happiness that might accrue to society by following the diflates of nature, according to the circumstances in which the founder of a community might be placed in a desart, supplied with a few accommo- dations most necessary for the preservation of the species. Neville indeed ftirnishes Pine with a Bible ; from whence Pine forms his rules of government; which probably might be intended to shew how well the conduft of mankind might be regulated by the simple documents of the word of God, without that load of human forms and ceremonies with which a selfish and wily priesthood had defaced and corrupted it in church-establishments, a grievance which was severely felt in his days, and to which undoubtedly he was no friend. Some years ago a book was written by an ingenious gentleman still living, intituled, "A Vindication of Natural Society;" which was said to have been in- tended for a contrast to Lord Bolingbroke's reprobation of artificial theology; who had by no means any objeftion to artificial government. The Vindicator, as afterwards appeared on a very memorable occasion, had as little to artificial theology; without which, he seemed to think, political government could not be carried on." In his Vindication he made so strong a case in favour of natural society, that it would require perhaps more than even his own art and ingenuity to demolish his strong fabric. "Civil government" (says he) "borrows a strength from ecclesiastical; and artificial laws receive a sanAion from artificial revelations. The ideas of religion and government are closely connefted; and while we receive government as a thing 'See Mr. Burke's Speech on the clerical fetition offered to Parliament, Feb. 6, 1 772. [95] The Isle of Fines necessary, or even useful to our well-being, we shall, in spite of us, draw in as a necessary, though undesireable, consequence, an artificial religion of some kind or other." ■ Was he in earnest here ? The cast and design of his pamphlet requires, that we should answer, no : but it is most evident, that his speech against the clerical petition, is founded upon this very principle; nor will his saving of the honor of the church of England, in the course of the paragraph, avail him, till he can shew, that the gov- ernment of England is not a civil government, or that it is not supported and exer- cised by artificial laws. Neville, we see, avoided this curt necessity, by introducing the real revelations of the Bible, as sufficient to aid the regulations of his natural society; whereas the Vindicator has nothing religious to mix with the natural passions of natural society; but the dominion of natural reason, a phantom which, for want of a supreme WILL, amounts, with respeft to individuals, to nothing but natural passion differently mod- ified. But this may be more properly discussed on another occasion.^ French 7 Relation || de la decouverte de I'isle || de || Pines, || Vers la Terre Australe inconnue,faisant a present || laquatrieme Isle dans cet endroit : || Ou Recit veritable de la peuplade de quelques Anglois, qui du temps de la Reyne || Elisabet, allant aux Indes Orientales, ayant fait naufrage, aborderent a cet-||te Isle surun morceau du Vaisseau,aunombre de cinq Personnes, un homme || & quatre Femmes, dont I'une estoit Esclave Negre, les Suc- cesseurs ayant este || decouver I'an passe par un Vaisseau Flamend, que la tempeste y avoit jette par || hazard, ayant trouve que le nombre de cinq, estoit accrujusques a dix ou douze || mille hommes,parIans naturelle- ' Find. p. 9, zd edit. 'Memoirs of Thomas Holtis,'vol. i,pp. 269-271. [96] 4 'MVOVO SCOPRIMENTO pELi; ISOLA PINES SittMta oltre la linea Eqmmtidii^ F^o dji vnJvJauilio Oiandeie I'Anho 1^57. Riftretto della ReUzione VnHMomofolo^ud^iutttro Donne in Vn'lfoUto pnadilgratti^'S^mpMU'Emitfert ^nttt- iUoMpreti^iatoirtjj. anHipH^m yndtcimilHtftrfene per tuitQ I- anno i66i. IN BOLOGNA, ET IN VENETIA,' PcrGiacomo Didiai. Cm lit dt stiptr. i Bibliography ment bon Anglois. Cette Relation a este don-||nee aux Flamands du Vaisseau susmentionne, par le petit Flls de celuy qui avoit || este le pre- mier dans ladite Isle, & qu'il luy avoit laisse par Escrit un peu avant || sa mort. 1 1 pages, 4to. B. M., the catalogue of which suggests Amsterdam, 1668, as the place and time of printing. 8 Nouvelle decouverte || de I'isle Pines || Situee au dela de la ligne Aequi- noctiale. || Faite par vn Nauire Hollandais I'an 1667. || a Paris, chez Sebastien-Mabre Cramoisy || Imprimeur du Roy 1| MDCLXVIII. avec Permission. 4 pages, 4to. B. M., N. Y. P. L. 9 Decouverte d'une Isle Inconnue or Aventure de Georges Pines. In: Contes, Aventures at Faits Singuliers,&c.Recueillis de M. I'Abbe Pre- vost. Tome premier. A. Londres. Et a Paris, Chez la Veuve Duchesne, Libraire, rue S. Jacques, au dessous de la Fontaine S. Benoit, au Tem- ple du Gout. M.DCC.LXVII. 8vo, pages 341-358. Italian 10 Nvovo Scoprimento || Dell' Isola 1| Pines || Situata oltre le linea Equi- notiale; || Fatto da vn Nauilio Olandese |1 1' Anno 1667. || Ristretto della Relazione || Vn' Huomo solo con quattro Donne in vn'Isola de-||-serta del grand' Oceano nell' Emisfero Antar-||tico ha prolificato in 77. anni piu [97] The Isle of Pines d'-||vndeci milla persone per tuttol'll anno 1668. || In Bologna, et in Ve- netia; || Per Giacomo Didini || Con Lie de Super. 6 pages, i2mo. B. M., the catalogue of which states that this version was translated from the French and was probably printed in 1670. Dutch II Ontdeckinge van't || Eylandt || Van || Pines, || Zijnde een waerachtige Beschryvinge van't vierde Eylandt || in't Zuyder onbekent Lant, zo van desselfs Vruchten, || Dieren, Gelegentheyt, als made de vooit-teelinge i| der Engelse Natie, &c. op't selve Eylandt. || Uyt het Engels vertaalt. i| t' Amsterdam, || Voor Jacob Vinckel, Boeckverkooper in de || Beurstraet, in de Historyschryver, 1668. 8 pages, 4to. On page 3 is the title : Beschryvinge || van't || Eylandt Pines, || Ofte een nieuwe Ontdeckinge van een vierde Eylandt in't || Zuyder onbekent || Landt. || Zijnde een oprecht verhaal van zekere Engelsche, die ten tijde || van de Koninginne Elizabeth reyzende naar Oost-Indien, || Schipbreuke quamen te lijden omtrent de Kuste van het Zuy-||der onbekent Eylandt: en altemaal ver- dronken, behalven een || Man en vier Vrouwen, \yaar van d'eene een Swartin was; en || nu onlangs in 't Jaar 1667. heeft een Duytsch Schip, aldaar || door onweder gedreven, hare Nakomelingen aangetrolFen, || spre- kende goet Engelsch, aangegroeyt (na haar gissinge) tot |1 het getal van 10 a 1 2000 Personen. Waar van het gantsche || Verhaal volght, door den Man zelfs beschreven en nagelaten || een weynigh voor sijn doodt, en door sijn Zoons Zoon aan || de Duytschen verhaalt en goepenbaart. A copy is in a Ghent library. [98 J Oprccht en vcrbctcrt vcrliaci v»n 'r EYLANT van PINES, En des felfs Bevolckfngh •, / ' of iMifle Out dec king van ttn yttrde EiUttdt in J Tern Aajh-tln Incsgiut.t ^_^ GeliceoCie«rt den 17 JoDiiOud.- olden ; JulnNicuwcflijI, le&H. Pf^aerfchQwwtn^e a en den Lefer. Mfoo door dc groote hacHi^hcyt bVuuic van lict Tranflatccrcn dc principaclllc pointcn , in dc \ ooigundc Druck , zijodc ccn Latijalc Lctrcr, warcn iivt3cl'it^,if '» doorgaens vol misflagcn en (l<;ackfautcn is •, Too wort dc Lief hcbbcrs hicr mcdc bckcnt gen. cckt dat dctc Dnick, na dc Rottcrdamfc Druck is gc- dtuckt.zijndc allcs na 't En^^ Princip.icl vannvoort tot woort gcranllatccrt. Gcdruckt tot Rotterdam , (nadc Copye van Londen , by .V. G- voor K^lLen Bant, en Charles Htrptr, indc Lcly by Cripplcgatc-Kcrckc. En nu tK^mJltrdam, by Idcoh Vinckel, Bocckvctkoopcr, in dc Bcurs- ftracr, indcHiftoryfcliryvcr, 1668. \k Bibliography 12 Ontdeckinge van't || Eylandt |1 van || Pines, || Synde een waerachtige be- schryvinge van't vierde Eylant || in't Zuyder onbekent Lant, so van des- selfs Vruchten/ || Dieren/ gelegenheyt/ als mede de Voort-telinge |1 der Engelse Natie/ etc. op't selve Eylandt || Uyt het Engels Vertaelt [Map of the "Eylant Pines."] t' Amsterdam/ gedruckt by Jacob Stichter/ op de Haer-||lemmerstraet in't Vergult ABC. 1668. 4 leaves of text, printed in gothic type, 410. The type and variations in spelling on leaf distinguish it from the Vinckel issue. J. C. B. and a Leyden library. Oprecht en verbetert verhael van't || Eylant van Pines, || En des selfs Bevolckingh; || Of laetste Ontdecking van een vierde Eilandtin || Terra Australis Incognita. || Gelicentieert den 27 Junii Oude of den 7 Julii Nieuw/^estijl, 1668. || Waerschouv^inge aen den Leser. || Alsoo door de groote haestigheyt by faute van het Translateeren || de principaelste pointen, in de voorgaende Druck, zijnde een || Latijnse Letter, waren uytgelaten, en doorgaens vol misslagen || en donckfauten is; soo wort de Liefhebbers hier mede bekent || gem reckt dat dese Druck, na de Rotter- damse Druck is ge-l|druckt, zijnde alles na't Engels Principael van w^oort tot woort II getranslateert || Gedruckt tot Rotterdam, (na de Copye van London, by S. G. || voor Allen Bank, en Charles Harper, inde Lely by || Cripplegate-Kercke. En nu || t' Amsterdam, by lacob Vinckel, Boeck- verkooper, in de Beurs-||straet, in de Historyschryver, 1668. 10 pages, 410. B. M. Oprecht Verhaal van 't jj Eiland || van || Pines, || En des zelfs Bevolking; || Of laatste Ontdekking van een vierde Eiland || in Terra Australis; In- [99 J The Isle of Fines cognita. || Gelicentieert den 27. Junij Oude of den 7. Julij || Nieu- westijl, 1668. II Gedrukt tot Rotterdam, (na de Copije van Londen, bij S. G. voor Allen || Bank, en Charles Harper, in de Lelij bij Cripplegate- Kerke.) || Bij Joannes Naeranus, in de Lomberdstrate, 1668. On the reverse of the title-page is : Aan den Lezer. || Alzoo bij Jacob Vinkel tot Amsterdam is Gedruckt || een Gedeelte van dit tegenwoordig Verhaal, en ee-||nige van de Princi- paalste dingen daar uit gelaten zijnde, || zo geven wij u hier de Oprechte Copije die ons Authen-||tijk uit Engeland, doch in die Taal, is toegezon- den, op II dat den nieuwsgierigen Lezer zich aan die slordige over-||set- tinge niet bedrogen vinde, en daar door deze boven-||verwonderlijke His- toric in verachtinge kome : Leest, || verwonderd u van Gods Wonderlijke bestieringe, en || Vaar wel. 20 pages, 4to. J. C. B.and libraries in Ghent and Dresden. German Die neu-entdeckte || Insul Pines. || Oder: || Warhafftige Beschreibung des vierdten Eylands/ |i Pines genannt/ gelegen in dem noch unbe- kandten || Suder-Lande/ || Welches im Jahr 1589. durch eine Manns- und vier Weibs-ljPersonen/ Engellandischer Nation, die ein unglucklicher Sturm und SchifF-||bruch daselbst an Land getrieben/ bewohnet/ auch Volckreich besamet/ und in dem ver-||wichenen 1667. Jahre/ durch ein Niederlandisches/Schiff/ohngefahrvon || neuem entdeckt worden. ||Wo- bey zugleich erzehlet wird/ wie diese Insul gelegen |i und beschafFen sey/ was fur Fruchte und Thiere darinnen zu finden/ und || wie die Engeland- ische Nation sich aufF derselben ein-||getheilet habe. || AUes von dem ersten Urheber dieser Nation selbsten be-||schrieben/ von seines Sohns [ 100 ] m PINES. o^«: PINES ^cnaniit / adcacn in bcitt nwfe unbcfanftcn IPclclxs itn Jaht i T89. t>iu:ct) cine tXlAnm^rn'o rice TTcibt- (Tivfoncn t5^n(icUanbtld)a Nation , ^ic cin luuUiiiflidw '^turm mb (riiMft" Iw faWft oti i?anD artrtfbcn / belppbiuf / au* i'ncd)ilfc coninumi- cin, unDaupfiein/ ju Olmf^crOam / in biefcm i6(i8. 3al>rt/ fltbrucfUro aiiung(odar lOgcitf}t)ift moften / M'0 {it viil* unfit befr^lTtt'sdi/ PINESER-$i;fanO f<9 dn^rtt^affrt* CicbcsurgSarbcit/nncti J^anfcdg 2eutcn tcin curieuCen itckhdbcrdu «^'faUoi 98,99^ 100. Weise, Christian, 39 n. West Indies, "ruttier" of, 28 «. Wolpmann, Friedrich, 108. Wood, Anthony a, on Neville, 29, 31, 33; "Isle of Pines," 40. Wytfliet's map, 27. Yucatan, 27. Yule, Sir Henry, on Prester John, II.