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 THE OARPENTEBS' COMPANY. 
 1724. 
 
 
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The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030089167 
 
THE 
 
 CARPENTERS' COMPANY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY AND COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 INSTITUTED 1724. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA : 
 
 H. C. COAXES, PRINTER. 
 
 1887. 
 1* 
 

 /f/ I0f03^ 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 . PAQ£. 
 
 Introduction, .... 5 
 
 Act of Incorporation, ... 9 
 
 By-Laws, ..... . 15 
 
 Rules foe Preservation of Order, . . .24 
 Standing Resolutions, ...... 25 
 
 Carpenters' Hall, ..... 27 
 
 Reminiscences, ...... 33 
 
 Extracts from Ancient Minutbs, .... 35 
 
 Brief of Title, ...... 55 
 
 Original Subscribers to Stock for Erection of Hall, 56 
 
 Statistics, ... . . .57 
 
 Occupants or Hall, . ... 63 
 
 Officers of the Company, . . 65 
 
 Wardens, .... 68 
 
 Committee on Book of Prices, ... 72 
 
 Managing Committee, . . 78 
 
 Library Committee, . . 84 
 
 Names of Members, .... 86 
 
 ORATION, &c. 
 
 TAOS. 
 
 Reminiscences, ....... 2 
 
 Memorial to the Senate and House of REPEESENTATnRS, 5 
 
 Oration op Henry Armitt Brown, . 18 
 
 First Bonds of Union, ..... 62 
 
 Autographs, ...••■ 
 
 69 
 
NOTE. 
 
 The Eeadee will find a repetition of some Facts in the following pages, 
 arising from the articles Being compiled at distant periods, and by different 
 hands. It was thought best to republish, without attempting a condensation 
 of them. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In no nation does the history of its early institutions 
 possess more interest than those of our own country, 
 where, while associating for ' 'the mutual good, ' ' the germ 
 of self-government was carefully guarded, and the embryo 
 master-spirits fostered, who contributed finally to mould a 
 nation's destinies. 
 
 One of the earliest Associations in Pennsylvania, and 
 perhaps the oldest now existing, is The Carpenters' Com- 
 pany of the City and County of Philadelphia, maintaining 
 an uninterrupted organization from the year 1724, aboiit 
 forty years after the settlement of the colonial government 
 by William Penn. Among the early associators were 
 many whose names are prominent in colonial history, and 
 whose architectural tastes are impressed on the buildings 
 that yet remain, memorials of that early day. 
 
 James Portius, whose name is second on the list of 
 members, designed and executed Penn's mansion, on 
 Second Street, above Walnut; and the lively interest he 
 felt in the association with his fellows, induced him at his 
 decease, in 1734, to bequeath his works on architecture to 
 the Company. 
 
 Edmund Wooley, from plans by Robert Smith, (both 
 members,) erected the "State House," on Chestnut be- 
 tween Fifth and Sixth Streets, assisted by the amateur 
 labors of Dr. J. Kearsley. 
 
VI. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The primary object of the Association was to "obtain 
 instruction in the science of architecture; to assist such of 
 its members, or the widows and children of members, as 
 should be by accident in need of support;" and the adop- 
 tion of such a system of measurement and prices "that 
 every one concerned in building may have the value of his 
 money, and every workman the worth of his labor. ' ' The 
 difference between the plain, simple buildings erected in 
 the province and those in the "mother country" was such, 
 that it became necessary to examine the "method of 
 measuring," as according to the "system practised in 
 England, ' ' the prices were ' 'set on the general and not on 
 the particular parts of the work. ' ' 
 
 The price of admission (thirty shillings,) led, after the 
 lapse of a few years, to the formation of a similar associa- 
 tion, under the title of "The Second Carpenters' Com- 
 pany, ' ' but after a few years of separate existence, their 
 efforts for a union with the first Company were successful, 
 and they, according to their own declaration, "joined, and 
 became members of the old Company," in 1752. 
 
 To build a hall for the use of the Company was an object 
 of early interest, and the minutes show, by the appoint- 
 ment of committees to fix upon a ' 'proper lot of ground, ' ' 
 that it was never lost sight of. A determined effort was 
 made in 1763, but it was not attained until 1768, when the 
 present "lot on Chestnut Street" was purchased, at an 
 annual ground rent of "176 Spanish milled pieces of 
 eight," and conveyed to trustees appointed by the Com- 
 pany. Many schemes for its improvement were suggested. 
 A proposition to unite with the Library Company of Phila- 
 delphia in erecting a "building that might accommodate 
 both," was, among others, seriously entertained, but no 
 feasible plan was matured until 1770, when, "as the funds 
 were not sufficient, ' ' it was agreed to open a subscription 
 among the members of the Company, in shares of four 
 pounds each, and when the sum subscribed shall amount 
 to "three hundred pounds," the Company, shall "appoint 
 a number to begin to erect a building. ' ' Robert Smith 
 prepared ' ' a sketch of a building, ' ' and the subscription 
 
INTRODUCTION. Vll. 
 
 paper having been filled in about one week to the required 
 amount, a certificate was given to each subscriber, entitling, 
 ' ' according to the sum advanced, ' ' to receive a dividend 
 ' ' as often as rents of the building shall be received by the 
 Company's treasurer." 
 
 The fee of admission was raised in 1769 to four pounds. 
 This caused the formation of ' ' The Friendship Carpenters' 
 Company," whose admission fee was "five shillings." It 
 was not long before overtures were made to ' ' their elder 
 brethren ' ' on the ' ' different methods used in measuring 
 and valuing carpenter work. ' ' To this it was replied, that 
 the mode of measuring and valuing carpenter work pursued 
 by their elder brethren was ' ' more equitable, expressive, 
 and satisfactory than any method practiced in the city 
 before, and was not inferior to the best method practiced 
 in any city in the King's dominions." 
 
 The plan of building being adopted, it was commenced 
 on the " 5th day of the second month, 1770." The duties 
 assigned the building committee were ' ' discharged with 
 fidelity," and the building "so far completed that the 
 annual meeting in 1771 " was held therein, and during 
 that year the Library Company of Philadelphia rented and 
 removed ' ' their library to the second story of the new 
 building," where it continued until 1782. Though the 
 amount subscribed was more than that proposed, yet it fell 
 short of finishing the Hall; hence the "outside finish of 
 the doors and windows was deferred until the sums ad- 
 vanced by the several members were fully paid. ' ' 
 
 In 1775 the efforts of the Friendship Carpenters' Com- 
 pany to effect a union were renewed, and a committee of 
 conference appointed ; but it was not accomplished until 
 1785, when the members thereof, on "the payment of four 
 pounds each to the treasurer, and signing the articles of 
 association," were admitted into membership. 
 
 The Hall was freely used at the beginning of the Revo- 
 lution. The committee appointed " at a general meeting 
 of the inhabitants of the city and county" met therein on 
 the second day of the sixth month, 1774, and "as Governor 
 Penn had declined to convene the Assembly," they ap- 
 
vni. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 pointed three of their number to wait upon the speaker, 
 and request ' ' a positive answer whether he would call the 
 Assembly together or not." They had the use of the Hall 
 during their appointment. 
 
 On the 15th following, the "different county committees" 
 met therein to consult the Philadelphia committee on 
 "what was best to propose" to the General Assembly, 
 which was to meet on the i8th inst. Their resolves " de- 
 clatory of the sense of the province," and the necessity for 
 a "general congress of delegates from all the colonies," 
 are matters of historical record. The regular quarterly 
 meeting of the Company was not held, in order that these 
 deliberations mieht not be interfered with. 
 
AN ACT 
 
 TO INCORPORATE THK 
 
 Qarpenters' Qompany 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY AND COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Whereas, it appears to this Assembly that, in the preamble, 
 year one thousand seven hundred and twenty-four, a 
 number of the House Carpenters of the City and County 
 of Philadelphia formed themselves into a Company, for 
 the purpose of obtaining instruction in the science of 
 architecture, and assisting such of their members as 
 should by accident be in need of support, or the widows 
 and minor children of members ; and for the further- 
 ance of the said charitable and useful designs, did for 
 many years pay into the hands of the masters of the 
 said Company considerable sums of money; a great 
 part whereof was expended in the relief of their unfor- 
 tunate members, and the remainder was appropriated, 
 in the year one thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine, 
 to the obtaining a large lot of ground, on which were 
 several buildings and other improvements, and to- 
 wards the erecting of the house known by the name of 
 the CARPENTERS' HALL in the said city: And 
 whereas, the members of the said Carpenters' Company 
 have prayed that they may be incorporated in such 
 manner as to secure the said estate to them and to 
 their successors, in order to further the useful and 
 charitable design of the institution ; And whereas, this 
 
10 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 Assembly is disposed to exercise the power vested in 
 the legislature of the commonwealth for the encourage- 
 ment of useful and charitable purposes : Be it therefore 
 enacted, and it is hereby enacted by the representatives of 
 the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 
 General Assembly met, and by the authority of the same, 
 That, for the purpose of promoting the useful and 
 Members of charitable objects before mentioned, the present mem- 
 te«' "comi ^^^^ of the Carpenters' Company ; that is to say, Isaac 
 pany. Zaue, John Mifflin, Joseph Thornhill, Benjamin Loxley, 
 
 James Worrell, Gunning Bedford, Thomas Nevell, 
 James Armitage, Samuel Griscom, James Pearson, 
 William Roberts, Richard Armitt, James Potter, George 
 Wood, Joseph Rakestraw, Silas Engles, William 
 Lownes, Samuel Powell, William Robinson, James 
 Bringhurst, James Graisbury, Thomas Shoemaker, 
 David Evans, William Colliday, William Ashton, 
 Samuel Jervis, Samuel Wallis, Matthew McGlathery, 
 Thomas Proctor, Adam Zantzinger, John Keen, John 
 Lort, Joseph Govett, Joseph Ogelby, William Williams, 
 Robert Allison, George Forepaugh, John Smith, 
 Mathias Sadler, James Gibson, George Ingles, Frazer 
 Kinsley, James Corking, Joseph Rakestraw, Junr., 
 Joseph Thornhill, Junr., John King, Andrew Boyd, 
 Conrad Bartling, William Garrigues, John Rugan, 
 Mark Rhodes, Robert Evans, Joseph Wetherel, Hugh 
 Roberts, Isaac Jones, Samuel Pancoast, Mathias Val 
 Keen, Wm. Stevenson, Robert Morrel, Richard Mosley, 
 John Reinhard, Samuel Pastorius, Josiah Matlack, 
 John Piles, Joseph Clark, William Zane, Benjamin 
 Mitchell, Thomas Savery, Nathan Allen Smith, Samuel 
 Jones, John Hall, Joseph Howell, Junr., Israel 
 Hallowell, John Harrison, Ebenezer Ferguson, John 
 Cooper, William Linnard, Jonathan Evans, Joseph 
 Worrell, James Boyer, be, and the same persons are 
 hereby created a body corporate and politic in deed 
 ^bod'^'^cor* ^'-"^ ^'^ name, by the name and style of "T/ie Carpenters^ 
 porateand Cumpiny of the City and County of Philadelphia," and by 
 pontic. ^]jg same name they and their successors are hereby 
 constituted and confirmed one body corporate and 
 politic in law, to have perpetual succession, and to be 
 able and capable to receive any sum or sums of money. 
 
ACT TO INCORPORATE. 11 
 
 or to receive, purchase, have, hold and enjoy any 
 goods, chattels, lands, tenements, rents, hereditaments, 
 gifts, devices and bequests, of what nature soever ; 
 either in fee simple, or any less estate or estates, or 
 otherwise; and also to grant, alien, assign or let the 
 same lands, tenements, rents, hereditaments, and 
 premises, according to the tenures of the respective 
 grants and bequests made to the said corporation, and 
 of the estate of the corporation therein : Provided, 
 That the clear yearly value of such real estate exceed 
 not the value of one thousand pounds lawful money of 
 this commonwealth. 
 
 Sect, 2. And be it further enacted by the authority Their pow- 
 aforesaid, That the said corporation, by the name, style "s-^"^- 
 and title aforesaid, be and shall be for ever hereafter, 
 able and capable in law to sue and be sued, plead and 
 be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend 
 and be defended, in any court or courts, or other 
 places, and before any judge or judges, justice or jus- 
 tices, or other persons whatsoever, within this com- 
 monwealth or elsewhere, in all and all manner of suits, 
 actions, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands 
 of whatsoever kind or nature they may be, in as full 
 and effectual a manner as any other person or persons, 
 bodies politic and corporate, may or can do. 
 
 Sect. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority Empowered 
 aforesaid, That the said corporation shall have full '° '"''''' ' 
 power and authority to make, have and use one com- 
 mon seal, with such device and inscription as they 
 shall judge proper, and the same to break, alter or 
 renew at their pleasure. 
 
 Sect. 4. And be it further enacted by the authority General 
 aforesaid, That, for the well ordering of the affairs of "^^^","\'^ 
 the said corporation, there shall be a general meeting held. 
 held of the members, on the third Monday or second 
 day of the week in January, in every year hereafter, at 
 the Carpenters' Hall, or such other place as they 
 may direct, when a majority of those convened shall 
 choose by ballot a president, a treasurer, and such and 
 so many assistants, and such other officers or com- 
 mittees as they may judge necessary or useful ; and 
 shall have full power and authority to order quarterly 
 
12 THE carpenters' 
 
 and special meetings of said corporation, and do and 
 transact all business and matters appertaining there- 
 unto, agreeably to such rules, ordinances, regulations, 
 and by-laws as may hereafter be made concerning the 
 The corpor. premises : And the corporation at anj' of their said 
 make by" ™^®*'^'^S^ shall havc full power and authoritj' to make 
 laws, &c. and ordain such rules, ordinances, regulations, and- 
 by-laws as a majority of the Company met shall from 
 time to time judge necessary or convenient, and the 
 same to put in execution, or to revoke, disannul, alter 
 or ammend at their pleasure : Provided always, That 
 tlie said rules, ordinances, regulations and by-laws 
 relate only to the useful and charitable purposes before 
 mentioned, and be not repugnant to the laws of this 
 commonwealth. 
 Officers to Sect. 5. And be it further enacted by the authority 
 be regulated a/oresai(i. That the duties and the authorities of the 
 ^y y- "*=' Qg^cgj.g^ the times of meeting of the corporation, the 
 admission of members, and the other concerns of the 
 said corporation, shall be regulated by the by-laws and 
 ordinances thereof: Provided, That no by-laws or 
 ordinances of the said corporation shall be binding on 
 the members or officers unless the same shall have 
 been proposed at one regular meeting of the corpora- 
 tion, and received and enacted at another, after the in- 
 tervention of at least thirty days ; and that no sale, 
 alienation or lease for more than two years of any part 
 of the real estate of the said corporation shall be valid, 
 unless the terms or nature of such sale or lease be pro- 
 posed at a previous meeting of the corporation as 
 aforesaid. 
 No misnom- Sect. 6. And be it further enacted by the authority 
 " '° '^"''^'^ aforesaid, That no misnomer of the said corporation 
 grant. ^n^d their successors shall defeat or annul any gift, 
 grant, devise or bequest to the said corporation, if the 
 intent of the donor shall sufficiently appear by the 
 tenor of the gift, testament or other writing, whereby 
 any estate or interest was intended to pass to the said 
 corporation ; nor shall any non-user of the rights, liber- 
 ties, privileges, and authorities, or any of them hereby 
 granted to the said corporation, create or cause a for- 
 feiture thereof 
 
ACT TO INCORPORATE. 13 
 
 Sect. 7. And be it further enacted by the authority Duty of the 
 aforesaid, That, the president, assistants, wardens, and f^'^'of^"' 
 committee appointed by the Company at their meeting officers. 
 on the eighteenth day of January, one thousand seven 
 hundred and ninety, shall continue to act in their 
 several stations, and do and perform the duties assigned 
 them, for and during the remainder of the year, or 
 unto the third Monday [or second day of the week] in 
 January, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one. 
 Signed by order of the House, 
 
 Richard Peters, 
 
 Speaker. 
 
 Enacted into a law, in Philadelphia, on Friday, the 
 second day of April, in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand seven hundred and ninety. 
 
 (Signed) Peter Zachary Lloyd, 
 
 Clerk of the General Assembly. 
 
 Inrolled 7th June, 1790. 
 I, Mathew Irwin, Esquire, Master of Rolls, for the 
 State of Pennsylvania, do hereby certify the preceding 
 writing to be a true copy [or exemplification] of a cer- 
 tain law inrolled in my office. 
 
 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my 
 [l, s.] hand and seal of office, this 26th day of July, 
 Anno Domini, 1792. 
 (Signed) Mathew Irwin, M. R. 
 
BY-LAWS 
 
 THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY 
 
 CITY AND COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 when to be 
 held. 
 
 Section 1. The stated meetings of the Company 
 shall be held on the third Monday in January, April, i„gs. 
 July, and October, in each and every year, at the Hall, 
 or such other place as the Company may, from time to 
 time, direct. Twenty members shall form a quorum 
 for the transaction of business. 
 
 Sect. 2. The Company shall, at their stated meet- Elections 
 ing in January, elect, by ballot, a President, Vice- 
 President, Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall be 
 elected for one j'ear; a Managing Committee, consist- 
 ing of nine members, three of whom shall be elected 
 annually, to serve for three years; and three Wardens, 
 one of whom shall be elected annually, to serve for 
 three years ; Provided, That no member shall be eligible 
 to serve for more than three years in five, as President, 
 or Vice-President, nor for more than three years out of 
 four as a member of the Managing Committee. 
 
 Sect. 3. If, from any cause, the Company shall be Provisionfor 
 
 . ., 1 . filling office 
 
 unable to elect their officers at the time prescribed in ;„ case of 
 these by-laws, the officers then in power shall continue vacancy. 
 to perform the duties of their respective offices until 
 their successors be chosen; and all vacancies occa- 
 
16 
 
 sioned by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be 
 supplied at the first stated meeting after such vacancies 
 shall be known to exist, except in the office of Treas- 
 urer. 
 Duties of Sect. 4. The President, or in his absence the Vice- 
 ^Jjy;^" President, shall preside at all meetings of the Com- 
 President. pauy, rcguLite the debates, and state the question 
 when any matter is tO' be determined, also have the 
 casting vote, and cause such entries to be made as 
 shall be determined by the Company. And he shall 
 affix the corporate seal of the Company to powers of 
 attorney, to enable the Treasurer to satisfy or release 
 mortgages whenever required by the Managing Com- 
 mittee. In the absence of the President and Vice- 
 President, the the members shall choose a President 
 pro tern. 
 
 Special ^ECT. 5. The President, or in his absence the Vice- 
 meetings. T., . T .11 
 
 President, with the concurrence oi three members of 
 the Managing Committee, or upon the request of five 
 members of the Company, shall have full power to call 
 special meetings, by directing the Wardens, in writing, 
 to notify tlie members. 
 Duty of the Sect. 6. The Secretary's duty shall be to lieep fair 
 Secretary, minutes of the proceedings of the Company, with mar- 
 ginal references ; he shall furnish the Managing Com- 
 mittee regularly with a copy of such minutes as may, 
 in any wise, relate to their duties; notify all commit- 
 tees of their appointment, and the duty assigned them: 
 call, the roll at each meeting precisely at the time ad- 
 journed to; he shall notify members of their election, 
 and his boolcs shall be left in charge of the Managing 
 Committee, the first Wednesday after the Company's 
 meeting. 
 Treasurer to Sect. 7. The Trcasurcr shall give such security as 
 give bonds jnay be required by the Managing Committee, in any 
 ' sum not exceeding double the amount that may prob- 
 ably come into his hands, the bonds to be given at the 
 first meeting of the Managing Committee after his 
 election; he shall receive all moneys belonging to the 
 Company, and deposit the same in the name of the 
 Company in such bank, or other institution paying 
 interest, as the Managing Committee may direct, and 
 
BY-I.AWS. 17 
 
 pay the orders of the Managing Committee, or as shall 
 otherwise be ordered by the Company ; he shall keep 
 in his custody all the books, papers, and effects of the 
 Company, not otherwise disposed of; he shall have full 
 power and authority to receive the principal, and enter To enter sat- 
 satisfaction on the Record of any mortgage now held, "'''^"'°"- 
 or that may hereafter be held by the Company, when- 
 ever requested so to do by the Managing Committee; 
 he shall report the condition of the treasury at each 
 monthly meeting of the Committee, and in the week 
 preceding the meeting in January, in every year, shall 
 settle his accounts with the committee of three mem-^""^'"^'"^' 
 
 counts. 
 
 bers, who shall be appointed by the President, or in 
 his absence by the Vice-President, at the meeting in 
 October, for that purpose, and at the expiration of his 
 term of office, shall pay the money, and deliver the 
 books and effects in his hands, belonging to the Com- 
 pany, to his successor; and in case of the death, resig- Death or 
 nation, or removal of any member chosen as Treasurer, r«'gn='"°''- 
 the President, or in his absence the Vice-President, 
 shall call a special meeting of the Company, within 
 ten days after such death, resignation, or removal, and 
 the Company, when met, shall proceed to elect, by 
 ballot, some other member to serve as Treasurer, for 
 the unexpired term. 
 
 Sect. 8. The Managing Committee shall hold stated 
 
 - 1 ,iT n 1 ■ Duties of the 
 
 meetings monthly, and on the Wednesday evening Managing 
 next succeeding the annual meeting of the Company, Committee 
 in each year, five of whom shall be a quorum for the 
 transaction of business; they shall choose, by ballot, a Rent the 
 Chairman and Secretary. The Chairman shall preside P'°P"'y- 
 at the meetings of the Committee, and in his absence a 
 Chairman pro tern may be appointed ; the Committee 
 shall have power and authority to lease such portions 
 of the estate of the Company, not reserved for their 
 use, for any term not exceeding two years, for the best 
 price that can reasonably be obtained, and take care 
 that the property belonging to the Company be kept 
 in repair ; the cost thereof shall in no one year exceed 
 five hundred dollars. They shall have power to invest invest funds 
 all surplus funds in loans of the United States, the 
 State of Pennsylvania, the City of Philadelphia, or in 
 
IS THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 first mortgages on real estate, well secured, taking 
 security in the name of the Company ; they shall settle 
 all accounts and contingent expenses of the Company, 
 and shall represent this Company at all meetings and 
 elections of corporate bodies in which this Company 
 own stock ; they may delegate one of their number to 
 vote in such manner as they may believe best for the 
 interest of this Company, and for this purpose may 
 Mayappoint exBCute a proxy, from time to time, under the corpor- 
 proxies. ^^^ ^^^^ of the Company. They shall cause to be tran- 
 scribed in a book provided for that purpose, all laws, 
 alteration in by-laws, and resolutions, of a permanent 
 nature that may be passed by the Company, as soon 
 after adoption as possible. They shall have prepared, 
 and placed in a conspicuous place in the hall, a com- ■ 
 List of mem- plete list of the members of the Company, together 
 with the date of their joining, and of such as have 
 deceased, the time of such decease, and provide for the 
 continuance of the same hereafter. They shall, at the 
 first meeting in every year, or at any subsequent meet- 
 Appoint coi-ing, when they mayjudge proper, appoint one or more 
 lectors. of their number to collect all the rents and other in- 
 come of the Company, and the collector or collectors so 
 appointed shall give such security as may be required 
 by the Committee, in anj' sum not exceeding double 
 the amount that may come into his or their hands ; 
 the collectors shall keep a book, and enter therein all 
 the moneys they shall receive for the Company, and 
 take receipts in the same for all payments made to the 
 Treasurer, and shall make monthly reports to the 
 Managing Committee of all the several sums received 
 and paid by them, as aforesaid, which the Committee 
 shall cause to be entered upon the minutes of their 
 transactions. They shall have power to grant inter- 
 mediate relief, not exceeding twenty-five dollars in each 
 quarter, to our widows and superannuated members. 
 No money shall be borrowed by the Managing Com- 
 mittee without the consent of the Company being first 
 had and obtained. 
 Duties of the Sect. 9. It shall be the duty of the Wardens jointly, 
 Wardens, ^q notify the members of the meetings of the Company, 
 at such time and place as may be directed by the Com- 
 
BY-LAWS. 19 
 
 pany or President, or in his absence the Vice-President, 
 by written or printed notices, left at their respective 
 dwellings, within the two days preceding the day 
 appointed for meeting, under a penalty of ten cents for 
 each member omitted ; a.nd at the quarterly meetings 
 are to collect the quarterages, penalties and fines due Collect pen- 
 to the Company ; they shall also notify the members of ^'^"^' '*"^: 
 the funerals of deceased members. On the death of 
 any member residing in-the city, on due notice having 
 been given them, they shall procure such number ofpj.^^;^,^j,^j. 
 carriages, as they shall think will be sufiBcient for the riages. 
 use of -members attending such funeral; they shall re- 
 port the death of any member at the first meeting of dIatV of 
 the Company thereafter, with the dat^ of-*Ms decease, members. 
 when the same shall be entered on the minutes of the 
 Company. They shall keep a book containing the ■ 
 names of all the members, and enter in the same all 
 moneys they shall collect in their wardenship, and pay P^y «> '•»: 
 it to the collector immediately after each meeting, tak- 
 ing his receipt in said book ; and in case of the decease, 
 removal or resignation of any ofiicer of the Company, 
 they shall enter upon the notices that another is to be 
 elected in his place, and shall also give notice when 
 any person is to be balloted for, and shall enter on the 
 -notices the quarterages and fines due. They shall 
 notify all members who are two years or upwards in 
 arrears, to "come forward and pay their arrearages orNotifymem- 
 show cause why the same is not paid, or otherwise the *'"' '" "'"' 
 
 ■^ ' rears. 
 
 18th section of the By-Laws will be eniorced against 
 them :" (the seal of the Company shall be attached to 
 such notices with the signatures of the President and 
 Secretary,) and make report thereof to the Company at 
 their next meeting. 
 
 Sect. 10. There shall be a Committee on the Book committee 
 of Prices, consisting of five members, one of whom °Jp^°^°^ 
 shall be elected annually by ballot, at the stated meet- 
 ing in January, to serve for five years, whose duty it 
 shall be to fix a price on all new-fashioned Carpenter 
 work, that may be introduced from time to time; and 
 further to equalize such of the prices as may be 
 requisite, and to enter the same in the manuscript 
 book to be kept by them in the Hall for that purpose, 
 
20 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 for the use of the members of the Company. At all 
 times a majority of the committee shall constitute a 
 quorum for the transaction of business. It shall be 
 Settle differ- the duty of the said committee to settle any differences 
 ences. ^^jj^^^ may arise in the measurement and valuation of 
 Carpenters' work, between Carpenters and their em- 
 ployers, or between members of the Company measur- 
 ing work together, and their decision shall be binding 
 on the parties as respects the prices of said work. It 
 shall also be the duty of said Committee to meet on the 
 first Wednesday of each month, or at such other time 
 as they may agree upon, and in case of a vacancy by 
 death, resignation, or otherwise, such vacancy shall be 
 filled at ttr>»Na€xJi-quarterly meeting of the Company. 
 Measurersof g^cT. 11. Evcrv member of this Company that is 
 
 Carpenters "^ i i c ■ i i 
 
 Work. .disposed to measure Carpenter work hereafter, provided 
 he shall have been a member at least five years, shall 
 apply to the Managing Committee for a certificate to 
 that effect, and on approval thereof, they shall give 
 such certificate, under the seal of this Company, to be 
 signed by the President and Secretary; Provided always, 
 That such applicant, before he receives his certificate. 
 Make oath shall make oath or affirmation, before an Alderman or 
 or affirma- J^g^Jgg gf j^jjg Pcacc, that hc Will wcll and truly meas- 
 
 tion. ' '' 
 
 ure and value Carpenter work, agreeably to the standard • 
 Book of Prices of this Company, to the best of his 
 judgment and ability, always having special regard to 
 
 Penalty, the quality of the work. If any member of this Com- 
 pany shall measure or value Carpenter work not having 
 been qualified, and received a certificate agreeably to 
 the by-laws regulating measures, such member shall, 
 on sufficient proof thereof, be fined the sum of ten 
 dollars for the first offense, and for the second shall be 
 liable to expulsion, provided that this shall not be so 
 construed as to affect the right of members to measure 
 and value their own work. 
 
 Committee Qect. 12. At the Stated meeting in January, the 
 immorauty Company shall elect by ballot, a Committee on Vice 
 and Immorality. It shall consist .of three members, one 
 of whom shall be elected annually, to serve three years, 
 whose duty it shall be to admonish such members, if 
 any there be, who to their knowledge, shall be in the 
 
BY-LAWS. 21 
 
 practice of any immoral conduct ; and, if their efforts 
 to reclaim them should prove ineffectual, it shall be 
 their dut}' to report such members to the Company, 
 who shall take such order thereon as to them may 
 appear just and proper. 
 
 Sect. 13. Any person chosen to any office, and P«"='"y fo' 
 
 p • 1 II T 11 11 refuiing to 
 
 reiusing to serve, shall pay ten dollars, unless he acceptor 
 
 has already served in that office ; and if any member °''>==- 
 
 shall be absent at roll-call, on due notice of the time 
 
 and place appointed for quarterly or special meetings, 
 
 he shall pay a fine of twenty-five cents ; and every Fines. 
 
 member at each quarterly meeting shall, pay fifteen Quarterages 
 
 cents into the stock, for the use of the Company. 
 
 Sect. 14. Any member, widow or minor children R='' = ''—'° 
 of a member, being in reduced circumstances, making ^^°'"^"" 
 application to the Managing Committee, they may 
 relieve him, her or them, at their discretion, in any 
 sum not exceeding forty dollars. It shall be the duty 
 of the Managing Committee on the application of any 
 widow for quarterly allowance to appoint two of their 
 number to examine the case, and if it shall appear to 
 the Committee that the net annual income of such 
 widow does not exceed four hundred dollars per an- 
 num, they shall place her on the list of widows for 
 quarterly allowance. But when a greater amount shall 
 be needful than the quarterly allowance allowed by the 
 By-Laws, they shall lay a statement of the case before 
 the Company for its determination. The quarterly 
 allowance to widows shall be thirty dollars ; to super- 
 annuated members double that amount. 
 
 Sect. 15. Any master Carpenter following the busi- Election of 
 ness, making application to be admitted a member of members, 
 this Company, shall be proposed at one meeting, and 
 balloted for at the next, or some subsequent meeting ; 
 such person being approved of by two-thirds of the 
 Company met, on paying one hundred dollars admis- Entrance fee 
 sion money, and signing the Constitution, shall be a 
 member. If any person so chosen, having proper 
 notice thereof, and neglecting to attend at the next 
 stated meeting of the Company, after his election 
 and pay as aforesaid (unless sickness or some other 
 sufficient reason be given), shall not be a member 
 
22 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 unless re-elected. Provided that no person havinp; 
 
 one or more partners, shall be elected unless all 
 
 the members of the firm apply, and the ballot shall 
 
 be taken at the same time upon all, and no member 
 
 of a firm thus elected shall be deemed a member, 
 
 unless they all appear together, sign the Constitution, 
 
 and pay the entrance fee as aforesaid. 
 
 Eidestsonof Qect. 16. After the decease of a member of this 
 
 member C-ompany, leaving sons, being master Carpenters follow- 
 
 may be ad-jng the busincBS, the eldest of whom having been pro- 
 
 itted wi ' 
 lit fee. 
 
 wit -p(,gg(j gjj(j balloted for as aforesaid, and of good char- 
 
 acter, may be admitted without paying any admission- 
 money. 
 „. , Sect. 17. If any diiference arise between members, 
 
 Disputes be- *^ 
 
 tween mem- relating to the trade, the person who thinks himself 
 bers— how j,ggj,jgyg^ may apply to the President, or in his absence 
 the Vice-President, who, with the Committee on the 
 Book of Prices, shall endeavor to accommodate the 
 affair ; but if their efforts prove ineffectual, the parties 
 Choose ref-are at liberty, each of them, to choose two members, 
 ""=• the President or the Vice-President and Committee to 
 choose another member, in addition to the four so 
 chosen; and those persons, or any three of them, are to 
 determine the matter, and report their proceedings to 
 the President, or in his absence the Vice-President, for 
 the information of the parties, who are required to 
 acquiesce in the determination of the said referees. 
 But if either of the parties shall refuse to abide by the 
 decision of the referees, the President, or in his absence 
 the Vice-President, shall lay the case before the Com- 
 pany at their next meeting, who shall take such action 
 thereon as may appear necessary. 
 
 Sect. 18. If any member neglects or refuses to pay 
 rrearages. ^^^^ fincs Or quarterages due to the Company, for two 
 or n)ore years, hnless exonerated therefrom, or other- 
 wise disregard the laws or determinations of the Com- 
 pany at their meetings, such person shall no longer 
 Name to be ^^ ^ member of this corporation, and his name shall 
 erased. bc crascd from the list of members : Provided, never- 
 theless, that this section, so far as respects fines for 
 non-attendance, is not intended to extend to those 
 members who reside five or more miles from the place 
 
BY-LAWS. 23 
 
 of meeting, or to those who are sixty-five years of age. 
 
 Sect. 19. If any member shall communicate theP"""*'"g^ 
 sentiments of any of the members, when discussing a 'eere'. ^^' 
 question in debate, to any person not a member, he 
 shall pay ten dollars ; and in case of a second offense, 
 shall be expelled from the Company. 
 
 Sect. 20. If any member by such immoral conduct Expulsion 
 as, in the judgment of this Company,, is disgraceful, or conduct, 
 shall abscond with a view of defrauding his creditors, 
 and satisfactory proof thereof being made to the Com- 
 pany, he shall no longer be a member ; Provided, never- 
 theless, that should it appear to the Company that the 
 widow or minor children of a member who has so 
 transgressed do conduct themselves in an orderly man- 
 ner, they shall be attended to by the Company, as to 
 them may appear proper. 
 
 Sect. 21. If any member show the Book of Prices Book of Pri- 
 to any person not a member, he shall pay for the first be^Wn." 
 oSense, five dollars, for the second offense, the further 
 sum of ten dollars ; for the third offense, or showing 
 the Book of Price, as aforesaid, so that a copy be taken 
 therefrom, such member shall be expelled. 
 
 Sect. 22. If any member of this Company shall^^asure- 
 measure or value Carpenter work, or be concerned in ^„°^ 
 measuring with a measurer of any other company, on 
 proof thereof, at their meeting, shall be expelled. 
 
 Sect. 23. The Committee on the Library shall con- Committee 
 sist of three members, one of whom shall be elected at 
 each stated meeting in January, to serve three years, 
 whose duties shall be to have the care of the Library, 
 and attend to the enforcement of all rules for its gov- 
 ernment that mav be approved of by this Company; 
 and they may purchase such books on Architecture, 
 History, or the Arts and Sciences, as a majority of them 
 may deem expedient, and for that purpose, the sum of 
 one hundred dollars is hereby annually appropriated, 
 and the Managing Committee are directed to pay all Annual ap- 
 hills approved by said Committee not exceeding the propriation 
 amount hereby appropriated or accumulated. Any '° ^'^"^"^ 
 member borrowing books, must conform to the rules 
 laid down for the regulation of the Library. 
 
 Sect. 24. All rules and regulations that are hereby 
 altered and supplied, be, and they are hereby repealed. 
 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 FOB THE 
 
 PRESERVATION OF ORDER AT THE TIMES OF MEETING. 
 
 Role I. The President to take the chair at the time ad- 
 journed to, when the members shall take their seats, and the 
 business proceed in the following order : — 
 
 1. The roll shall be called, and absentees noted. 
 
 2. The absentees called, and any member, not answering to 
 his name, fined. 
 
 3. (The rules for the preservation of order, shall be read at 
 the annual meeting.) 
 
 4. The minutes of the Company shall be read. 
 
 5. The minutes of the Managing Committee shall be read. 
 
 6. Unfinished business. 
 
 7. New business. 
 
 8. Balloting for members. 
 
 9. Elections. 
 
 Rule II. No member shall introduce any subject of con- 
 versation foreign to the intention of the meeting; and all reso- 
 lutions and propositions ofi'ered shall be in writing, signed by 
 the member ofifering. 
 
 Rule III. Only one person shall speak at a time, he stand- 
 ing up and addressing the President; and no member shall 
 speak more than twice on one question without leave. 
 
 Rule IV. The yeas and nays shall be taken upon any 
 question when requested by five members, and recorded upon 
 the minutes. 
 
 Rule V. If two members rise to speak at the same time, 
 the President is to decide who shall be first heard. 
 
 Rule VI. No member shall leave the Company when met, 
 without permission from the President. 
 
 Rule VII. Any member transgressing the preceding Rules, 
 shall be called to order by the President ; he not complying, 
 shall be personally named; when on refusal, he shall be sub- 
 ject to such penalty as may be directed by the Company. 
 
STANDING RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 Resolved, That no Measurer of the Company shall remeasure 
 work until the first Measurers have been paid, and sufiBcient 
 security be given that remeasuring will be paid, or that it has 
 been paid in advance ; and that any member transgressing the 
 above shall be fined in the sum of twenty dollars. 
 
 Resolved, That hereafter, at the annual election of officers and 
 committees of the Company, they shall all be voted for upon 
 one ticket, and tellers appointed by the President, who shall 
 receive the ballots and report the result to the Company. 
 
 Resolved, That at each stated meeting in October, nomina- 
 tions shall be made of suitable members of this Company to 
 serve as officers thereof, to be elected at the ensuing stated 
 meeting in January, and the Secretary shall furnish a list of 
 such persons to the Managing Committee, who shall obtain for 
 the use of members a sufficient number of tickets with all the 
 names so nominated thereon, and in the exact order in which 
 they were named, with notice on the margin or bottom of the 
 number to be elected to each office. The notices served on the 
 members in October,- shall have the words " nominations will 
 be made at this meeting for officers to be elected at the stated 
 meeting in January " upon them. 
 
 Resolved, That for the future, the Wardens be, and they are 
 hereby directed to make no provision at our anniversary sup- 
 pers, other than such as may be required for the accommoda- 
 tion of the members, on the days upon which our anniversary 
 meetings are held. 
 
 Resolved, That the Wardens and Managing Committee be, 
 and they are hereby instructed, not to purchase any spirituous 
 liquors, to be used at the next, or any subsequent anniversary 
 supper of the Company, and that hereafter, no bill shall be 
 paid by the Treasurer for that article, that may be for the use 
 of the Company, or any of its committees. 
 
26 STANDING RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on the Book of Prices report, 
 at each stated meeting of the Company, all the alterations 
 made in the Book of Prices, if any there should be. 
 
 Resolved, That the illumination decorations be put in place, 
 and lighted on each succeeding celebration of the anniversary 
 of American Independence. 
 
 Resolved, That the meeting of any association or society in 
 this Building be strictly forbidden, provided that this reso- 
 lution shall not apply to the "Captains' Society of the City and 
 County of Philadelphia." 
 
 Resolved, That the Southern district shall be from the South 
 side of Market Street, to the Southern boundry of the city. 
 
 That the Middle district shall be from the North side of 
 Market to the South side of Fairmount Ave. 
 
 That the Northern district shall be from the North side of 
 Fairmount Avenue to the Northern boundry of the city. 
 
 Resolved, That on the occasion of future Annual Dinners, the 
 Senior Warden before making the usual purchase must confer 
 with the Managing Committee and from them receive a list of 
 articles to be purchased. 
 
 A lunch to be provided for the quarterly meetings, in April, 
 July and October. 
 
 The apprentices of Members to be sent to Drawing School 
 at the expense of the Company 
 
Carpenters' Hall 
 
 In a country so new as this, there can be but little, yet, of 
 the interest which springs from the memories of the past, — 
 from the storied recollections which cling to old places and 
 things, and which now give to so many scenes in the old world, 
 their never-dying interest, and even of that little here, the un- 
 sparing hand of what we call Progress, which too often tears 
 down and destroys, only because its object has grown gray and 
 venerable, deprives us of the lessons which these mute walls 
 would give us, of the men who have figured, and the acts 
 which have been done within them — lessons fraught with 
 profitable instruction, with wisdom and patriotic impulses. 
 
 There are probably few associations in this country which 
 can now trace an unbroken existence as far back as "The Car- 
 penters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia,'' 
 nor are there many buildings which have so well stood the test 
 of time, and been connected with so many stirring incidents of 
 our Revolutionary history, as the old Hall which still belongs 
 to it. Reverence for the memory of those who have gone 
 before them, attachment for the old building which has been 
 so intimately connected with the history of their country and 
 city, and a belief that its story is instructive and valuable, has 
 induced its present members to withdraw the Hall from the 
 purpose of trade and commerce for which it has been recently 
 used, and to devote it hereafter to the objects of the Company, 
 and the recollections of the past. 
 
 On the occasion of taking formal possession of the Hall on 
 the 5th of September, 1857, the Managing Committee, in 
 reporting their proceeding to the Company, took occasion to 
 accompany their report with various extracts from the minutes 
 of the Company, and with the names of the officers of the 
 Company from its date to the present time, as far as practicable. 
 
28 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 The Company having directed that such portions of this 
 report should be printed for the use of the members as might 
 be deemed proper by the Managing Committee, the present 
 brief summary of the History of the Association and its Hall, 
 has been prepared in obedience thereto. 
 
 It was as early as the year 1724, about forty years after Wil- 
 liam Penn first landed on these shores, that the Master Car- 
 penters of the City and County of Philadelphia- organized an 
 Association called the "Carpenters' Company." 
 
 The object of this Association, as expressed in the subsequent 
 act of incorporation, was to obtain instruction in the science of 
 Architecture, and to assist such of their members as should by 
 accident be in need of support, and of the widows and minor 
 children of such members. 
 
 Among the first results of this Association, was the fixing of 
 a uniform scale of prices upon their work, so that the workman 
 should receive a fair compensation for his labor, and the em- 
 ployer obtain a fair value for his money. 
 
 From this early beginning has come down the present "Book 
 of Prices," by which all carpenter's work in the City of Phila- 
 delphia is regulated, and which is believed to be as just and 
 equitable as it is possible to attain. 
 
 Some time after the parent company was organized, another 
 society was formed, having the same objects in view, but, in 
 1752, it united with the original body. Again in 1769, still 
 another similar association was organized, which continued an 
 independent existence until the year 1785, when, after negotia- 
 tions through committees of each body, the last Company, 
 called the "Friendship Carpenters' Company," was admitted 
 into membership, and became part of the original association. 
 
 The minutes of the Company from 1724 to 1763, have unfor- 
 tunately been lost, but sufficient data still remain to trace its 
 continued existence by history. 
 
 In the year 1763 the attention of the Company seems to have 
 been first attracted to the construction of a hall, and a com- 
 mittee was appointed to select a suitable site for the purpose. 
 It was not, however, until February 3, 1768, that the ground 
 upon which the Hall now stands was procured. The original 
 lot, 66 feet on Chestnut Street by 256 feet in depth, was pur- 
 chased at an annual ground rent of 176 Spanish milled pieces 
 
carpenters' hall. 29 
 
 of eight, of fine silver. A portion of this ground on its eastern 
 side was subsequently sold, leaving at present an entrance to 
 the Hall on Chestnut Street, by what is known as Carpenters' 
 Court. The funds of the Company not being sufficient to erect 
 the building, the necessary amount was raised by loan, princi- 
 pally among the members, and among its most valued relics, 
 is still preserved in a glass case, the original paper of subscrip- 
 tion. 
 
 A plan being adopted, the building was commenced on the 
 5th day of February, 1770. It was soon found, however, that 
 the amount raised was not sufficient to entirely complete the 
 building ; but the members being averse to incurring any con- 
 siderable debt, it was resolved that the Company would occupy 
 it in its unfinished condition, and accordingly, the first meeting 
 was held in the Hall January 21st, 1771. The building was 
 not entirely completed until 1792. 
 
 On the 5th of September, 1774, the first Continental Congress 
 met in the Hall, and commenced that series of deliberations 
 which ultimated, on the 4th of July, 1776, in declaring the 
 Colonies "Free and Independent." 
 
 When Congress met, Mr. Cushing made a motion that it be 
 opened by prayer. Accordingly, on the following day, the 
 morning after news had been received of the cannonade of 
 Boston, the Rev. Jacob Duch6, then Pastor of Christ Church, 
 opened the proceedings with solemn prayer. "Washington 
 was kneeling there, and Henry, and Randolph, and Rutledge, 
 and Lee, and Jay, and by their side stood, bowed in reverence, 
 the Puritan Patriots of New England, who, at that time, had 
 reason to believe that an armed soldiery were wasting their 
 humble households. They prayed fervently for America, for 
 the Congress, for the province of Massachusetts Bay, and 
 especially for the town of Boston." "I saw the tears," said Mr. 
 Adams, "gush from the eyes of the old pacific Quakers of Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 On the 26th of October, Congress, having concluded its busi- 
 ness, dissolved itself, but was called together again on the 10th 
 of May, 1775, at the State House, where it afterwards continued 
 to hold its sessions. 
 
 The Provincial Assembly also occupied the Hall for its delib- 
 erations, during this and the following year. Christopher Mar- 
 shall, in his diary, under date of October 24th, 1775, says: 
 
30 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 "Past two, went and met part of Committee at Coffee House, 
 and from thence went in a body to Carpenters' Hall, in order 
 to attend the funeral of Peyton Randolph, (the first President 
 of the first Continental Congress,) who had departed suddenly 
 after dinner last first day, at the country house of Richard 
 Hill; then proceeded to Christ Church, where a sermon was 
 preached by Jacob Duche ; then to Christ Church burial- 
 ground." 
 
 When the British took possession, in 17T7, of the city of 
 Philadelphia, a portion of their army were quartered in the 
 Hall, and continued there during the time they occupied the 
 city. The soldiers made a target of the vane on the cupola, 
 and several holes were drilled through it by their bullets. 
 
 In 1787, the United States Commissary General of Military 
 Stores occupied the Hall, and from 1773 to 1790 the books of 
 the Philadelphia Library, then the nucleus only of the mag- 
 nificent collection which now exists, were also deposited there. 
 It is here worthy of remark, that during the time the British 
 occupied the Hall, no loss was sustained by the Library Com- 
 pany, who, at the same time, occupied the second story ; the 
 officers, without exception, left deposits and paid hire for the 
 books borrowed by them. 
 
 In 1777, the library room was occupied by the sick soldiery. 
 
 In 1791, the Society quit Meeting in the Hall, and from that 
 time to 1797, the building was occupied by the first Bank of 
 the United States, as a banking house. The Bank of Pennsyl- 
 vania also transacted its business therein during 1798, 1799, 
 and 1800 
 
 In 1797 and 1798, the United States used it as a Land Office, 
 and from 1802 to 1817, the Government occupied it as a Custom 
 House, at which latter time, the Second Bank of the United 
 States took possession, and continued there until 1821. In 1822, 
 the Musical Fund Society held its meetings within the Hall, 
 followed in 1825 by the Franklin Institute, who occupied it for 
 its sessions, and in 1827, the Society of Friends used it as a 
 meeting-house. 
 
 During the Revolutionary period, the Carpenters' Hall was 
 also used for the sessions of various temporary organizations 
 intimately connected with the stirring events of that time. Thus, 
 for instance, the various city and county committees convened 
 for mutual council and defence, as well as meetings for the 
 
carpenters' halt,. 31 
 
 establishment of American manufactures of wool, cotton, flax, 
 etc., was held within it. 
 
 Many of the members of the Company have, at different 
 times, occupied prominent positions in the social, political, and 
 Revolutionary history of Philadelphia, and the names of the 
 progenitors of many of our best-known citizens will be found 
 recorded on its rolls. Few, especially of the older public build- 
 ings, were constructed without the aid of its associates, and 
 even down to the present day, most of the important public 
 improvements have had the benefit of the practical skill and 
 knowledge of its members. 
 
 The State House, commenced in 1729, and finished in 1734, 
 was built by Edmund Wooley, a member, from the plan of 
 Robert Smith, as architect, also a member, assisted by the 
 amateur labors of the Rev. J. Kearsley, who had considerable 
 skill and taste in architectural matters. *Penn's Mansion, still 
 existing in Second Street, above Walnut, and one of the oldest 
 memorials of the past yet left to us, was constructed bj' Jos. 
 Fortius, another member, who, upon his death, which occurred 
 in 1734, bequeathed to the Company all his books on architec- 
 ture. 
 
 The contributions of its members, and the increase in the 
 value of its property, has enabled the Carpenters' Company to 
 accomplish much good, and to extend efficient assistance to 
 necessitous members, and especially to their widows and 
 orphans. Among the proudest testimonies to the Society, is 
 the fact that several well-known men in this community, 
 who are recognized as useful citizens and successful business 
 men, owe their advantages in life to the education which the 
 Company provided them under the obligation of their charter. 
 
 The Company are in possession of a well-selected library, 
 numbering about 2,500 volumes, which was commenced in 
 1736, and now embraces many of the standard works in all 
 departments of knowledge, especially in those connected with 
 the objects of the Association, which books are accessible, not 
 only to each member, but also to all the inmates of his family. 
 
 In restoring their ancient Hall, the Carpenters' Company 
 have adhered as closely as possible to the original plan of the 
 building. 
 
 *This has since been removed and its site occupied by the Commercial Exchange. 
 
32 
 
 The first story, in which the Continental Congress assembled, 
 has been carefully renovated, and various articles of furniture 
 placed therein which were in use in 1774, as well as other 
 articles made to conform as far as possible to their style and 
 appearance. Prominent among these, on either side of the 
 platform, are two old-fashioned chairs, which it is believed were 
 used by the officers of that Congress, and which are labelled 
 " Continental Congress, 1774." The upper rooms have been 
 fitted up for the library, and the accommodation of the Super- 
 intendent. 
 
 In the future, it is the intention of the Company that this 
 old memorial of the past shall be devoted to its original pur- 
 pose, and aid in keeping alive the interesting memories which 
 attach to it, and with this view, strangers and citizens will be 
 afforded an opportunity of visiting and inspecting this relic of 
 the most interesting periods of the city's history. 
 
REMINISCENCES. 
 
 Meeting of 
 Company, 
 April 28tli, 
 185e. 
 
 At a meeting of the Carpenters' Company of the City 
 and County of Philadelphia, held April 28th, 1856,* "^""'"[^"^^ 
 the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : to occupy. 
 
 ing old Hall 
 
 "1. Resolved, That it is expedient for the Company 
 to remove as soon as possible to the old Hall." 
 
 "2. Resolved, That the Managing Committee imme- 
 diately take the necessary measures for obtaining pos- 
 session, and fit up for the meetings of the Company, 
 and for the accommodation of the Superintendent, the 
 building on the south end of Carpenters' Court, known 
 as Carpenters' Hall, and that in such fitting up especial 
 care be taken to preserve, as much as possible, every ActsofCom- 
 feature in said Hall as it now exists indicative of its ">'"==• 
 original finish." 
 
 Agreeably to the foregoing resolutions the Managing 
 Committee, having obtained possession on the 23d of 
 May, 1857, proceeded to prepare the building for the 
 use of the Company, and having completed the duty 
 assigned them, agreed to notify the Company to meet 
 this day, September 5th, 1857, being the eighty-third 
 anniversary of the meeting of the first Congress in this 
 Hall. 
 
 *This meeting was held in the usual place, second story of building, west side of 
 court. 
 
To the Carpenters' Company 
 
 of the City cmd County of Philadelphia : 
 Report of The Managing Committee, who were charged with 
 
 clmmu^e. ^^^ ^^^^y ^^ ^"^^8 ^P ^^6 old Hall, report the same 
 completed and now ready for occupation by the Com- 
 pany. 
 
 On the 4th ult., the second story being nearly com- 
 pleted, the family moved in, and on the 15th ult., the 
 Committee met for the first time in their room. This 
 was done in order the sooner to let the building lately 
 occupied by the Company. 
 
 The Committee present to the Company the follow- 
 ing statement (being extracts from our minutes), as 
 matter worthy of record, and as a means in future of 
 easy and useful reference. 
 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Michael Shaffer, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Charles Conard, 
 Thomas 't. Shuster, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 D. R. Knight, 
 John Williams, 
 
 Managing Committee. 
 PHiLiDKLPHiA, September 5, 1857. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 
 
 FEBRUARY 15th, 1763. 17G3. 
 
 At this meeting the following members were an- •^°"""'"':= 
 
 • ,1 • . • . ™ on pricing 
 
 pointed a committee to set prices to various sorts of work. 
 carpenter's work, which is to be laid before the whole 
 Company for their approbation at our next meeting, 
 viz. : Robert Smith, John Thornhill, Joseph Thornhill, 
 Gunning Bedford, Thomas Nevell, Benjamin Loxley, 
 Abraham Carlile, James Worrell, William Dilworth, 
 John Goodwin, James Pearson, Joseph Rush. 
 
 APRIL 18th, 1763. 
 
 At a general meeting of the Carpenters' Company, 
 agreed to continue the former committee to finish their 
 proceedings about regulating the prices of all kinds of 
 carpenter's work, which is to be laid before the Com- 
 pany at the next meeting of third Monday in July, 
 which will be the 18th day. Likewise the following 
 members were appointed: Joseph Fox, John Thornhill, 
 John Goodwin, Benjamin Loxley, and Gunning Bed- o„iot. 
 ford, to fix upon a proper lot of ground to build a hall 
 for the use of the said Company, when their proceed- 
 ings are to be laid before the Company. Likewise there 
 was eight new members entered, and paid their en- '^ 
 trance-money and quarterages, and their proportion 
 able part of the expenses of the committee, 
 
 JULY 18th, 1763. 
 
 At this meeting it was desired that the committee inq^'O'^s f"' 
 should continue their inquiries after a proper lot of ^ ° ' 
 ground to accommodate the Company for building a 
 hall, and to make report. It was likewise desired, as 
 
 ew mem- 
 bers. 
 
36 THE CABPENTEKS' COMPANY. 
 
 1763. our Master Fox had informed the Company at our last 
 meeting of a lot of ground in the possession of John 
 Ross, Esq., which was approved of by the Company 
 met, and our Master was desired to treat about the 
 lowest price, and make report. 
 
 Committee on pricing work and on lot continued. 
 
 There does not appear anything iu the minutes in 
 
 1768 relation to a lot for building since the above until 1768, 
 
 when the lot now owned by the Compan}', upon which 
 
 this Hall and the building in front now stand, together 
 
 Purchase of. , ., « ,. .-.^ 
 
 lot. with the lot on the east side of court (since sold) was 
 
 purchased by the Company, February 3rd, 1768, being 
 
 Size. 66 feet front on Chestnut Street by 255 feet deep ; the 
 
 Price. price was an annual ground rent of 176 Spanish milled 
 pieces of eight, of fine silver, each 17 pennyweights and 
 6 grains. It was first conveyed by George Emlen and 
 wife to Benjamin Loxley, Thomas Nevell, and Robert 
 Smith, and on the 15th of January, 1770, conveyed to 
 
 Trustees, the followiug mcmbers, who had been elected Trustees, 
 viz. : Gunning Bedford, John Goodwin, James Pearson, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, Abraham Oarlile, Thomas Shoe- 
 maker, and James Bringhurst. (A deed of trust exe- 
 cuted January 16th, 1770.) 
 
 APEIL 18th, 1768. 
 
 Sketch of At this meeting, the Company taking into considera- 
 buiiding|.jQjj ^jjg improvement of their lot, Robert Smith exhib- 
 ited a sketch for a building to be thereon erected, and 
 the members were desired to consider when will be a 
 proper time to begin the building, &c. 
 
 J7Q9 FEBRUARY 1st, 1769. 
 
 At this meeting present 28 members. Entrance fee 
 at this time, four pounds. 
 
 APRIL 17th, 1769. 
 
 The former committee were appointed to treat with 
 the Library Company of Philadelphia, respecting their 
 joining with this Company in a building suitable for a 
 Carpenters' Hall and for a Library, and, if necessary, 
 to call our Company together to lay the matter before 
 them. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 37 
 
 OCTOBER 23d, 1769. 1769. 
 
 The copy of deed to the trustees, and declaration of Resolutions 
 
 to indemnify 
 Trustees. 
 
 trust from them to the Company, were again read, and '°'" °'""' ^ 
 
 there appearing no proper provisions in the said 
 declaration to indemnify the said trustees or their heirs 
 from the bond given to George Emlen, it was concluded 
 by the Company that there should be a clause inserted 
 in the declaration of trust to indemnify the said trus- 
 tees. 
 
 JANUARY 16th, 1770. 1770 
 
 It was proposed that the members present should '^° "''"'' "^ 
 think of some method or scheme to get a hall erected, odforbuiid- 
 if possible, next summer. ingHaii. 
 
 JANUARY 19th, 1770. 
 
 Gunning Bedford and James Bringhurst were ap- committee; 
 pointed to endeavor to let part of the lot, viz., 26 feet '°^^^^^ p"' 
 front by 140 feet deep, east of the 14 feet alley, 
 
 JANUARY 30th, 1770. 
 
 A motion was made that a convenient building proposition 
 should be erected on their lot on Chestnut Street, to '° ''"">'■ 
 meet in as occasion may require, to transact the busi- 
 ness of the Company, and to calculate and settle their 
 private accounts of measuring and valuing carpenter's 
 work; and as, the funds are not sufficient, it was agreed 
 to open a subscription amongst the members of the Loan. 
 Company, which shall be divided into shares of four 
 pounds each, and when the sum subscribed shall 
 amount to £300, the Company shall appoint a number 
 to begin to erect the building, the plan and dimensions 
 of which shall be fixed by a majority of the Company, 
 and as soon as the foundation is laid, the sums sub- 
 scribed shall be due, and when paid into the hands of ^^'"p^'y" ^^ 
 the Company's treasurer, he shall be empowered to 
 give to each, on the payment of the subscriptioij, a cer- 
 tificate for the receipt of so much, which certificate 
 shall entitle every member, according to the sum he 
 
38 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 ^''"^'O- has advanced, to receive a dividend as often as the rents 
 of the building shall he received by the Company's 
 treasurer, till the whole is repaid that has been ad- 
 vanced by the several members. And as every member 
 Plan to re- of the Company will have an equal property and ad- 
 payioan. vantage in the building, it will be necessary for them 
 to set a rent on said building, which shall in part be 
 paid from the Company's money or stock, in order to 
 repay those members that do advance, till the whole of 
 Heire of de-the subscriptions are repaid ; and at the death of any 
 bir tT^bef"^^ °^ ^^^ members, if any part of his subscription 
 paid. should not be repaid, that part shall be due to his heirs, 
 &c., as part of his personal estate, and paid, agreeable 
 to the tenor of his certificate. 
 
 The Company have appointed the following persons 
 ee ^ ^^ ^^-^^ subscriptions of the members for the uses above 
 
 receive 
 
 subscrip- mentioned, viz.: Robert Smith, Abraham Carlile, 
 tioiis. Thomas Shoemaker, Benjamin Loxley, John Thorn- 
 hill, and John Goodwin. 
 
 FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. 
 
 Form of sub- ^^w wc, the subscribers, having considered the above 
 scription. proposal, do promise to pay to the treasurer appointed 
 by the Carpenters' Company the several sums that 
 stand against our names, as soon as £300 is subscribed 
 and the foundation of the building is laid. Witness 
 our hands, &c. 
 Committee ^he abovc copy of subscription paper having been 
 subscribers Several times read, was agreed to, and then the members 
 present proceeded in signing it, and the persons before 
 named were appointed to apply to the rest of the mem- 
 bers and others, to endeavor to get what they could 
 added to the subscription already begun, and when 
 they have got £300 subscribed, the Company are to be 
 called together in order to nominate persons to under- 
 take the care and oversight of erecting the Hall. 
 
 FEBRUARY 5th, 1770. 
 
 The subscription paper being nearly filled up to the 
 sum required, the Company were warned, and met at 
 their own house (on this day) in order to consider of a 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 39 
 
 plan and dimensions for a Hall. It was proposed in p'^" * "'■'' 
 the first place to fix on the dimensions, which after 
 being considered was agreed should be 40 by 50 feet, or 
 not to vary more than a foot more or less, that to be 
 left with the committee who shall be appointed to see 
 it carried out. The following twelve members were 
 appointed as a Building Committee, viz.; Robert Smith, Building 
 Benjamin Loxley, Abraham Carlile, James Pearson, Committee. 
 John Goodwin, James Bringhurst, Gunning Bedford, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, Thomas Nevell, James Worrell, 
 John Thornhill, and Thomas Shoemaker. 
 
 * 
 
 APRIL leth, 1770. 
 A meeting was held this day on our own lot. 
 
 APRIL 18th, 1770. 
 
 At this meeting James Worrell mentioned that Evan 
 Peters told him he would give £4 towards the Hall; he 
 is therefore requested to speak to Evan Peters to make 
 a pump to have an iron chamber in it, and fix in thep^„,p 
 old well on the lot, and to agree with him to wait as 
 long as he can for the remainder of the money. 
 
 JULY 16th, 1770. 
 At this meeting Hezekiah Herbert, Samuel Clark, committee 
 and Richard Jones came with a letter from Friendship '■"'"F"^"'^- 
 Carpenters' Company, which being read and considered, ^ ''' 
 it was thought necessary to be reconsidered at a meet- 
 ing to be called on other business the 23d inst.,* at 
 6 o'clock, at this place. 
 
 DECEMBER 20th, 1770. 
 
 Benjamin Harbeson was paid £7 for ball and vane. ^^^_JJ " " "^ 
 January 21st, 1771, Hall first occupied by the Com- mi 
 pany. 
 
 JANUARY 20th, 1772. 1772 
 
 It was agreed that the Library Company might be l i b r a r y 
 accommodated in the new Hall, and a committee was company. 
 appointed to confer with said Library Company in 
 reference to their application. 
 
 *There does not appear any minutes of a meeting on the 23d of July, a.s 
 referred to above. 
 
40 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 1773. 
 
 JANUARY 18th, 1773. 
 
 £300 bor- The Company borrowed of Joseph Fox £300 for the 
 purpose of finishing the building and to pay debts. 
 
 1"* JANUARY 17th, 1774. 
 
 Chairs and At this meeting, James Graisbury agreed to give 15 
 tables. shillings towards the chairs, and Joseph Ogilby and 
 Joseph Govett agreed to make four tables, Matthew 
 McGlathery two, and Ezekial Worrell two, for the use 
 of the Hall, and the Committee is desired to give direc- 
 tions for the size and mode of making them. 
 
 APRIL 25th, 1774. 
 
 Book of The Committee on Prices of .work produced a book 
 Prices. i^his evening, which was read. 
 
 APRIL 26th, 1774. 
 
 Person t o It was thought advisablc to choose by ballot a proper 
 *'^^':!"*'^^ person to take care and keep our Hall and furniture in 
 
 order, to make fires, to put out the same, when the 
 
 different companies meet, in order to prevent, if possible, . 
 
 any danger that might happen through neglect, for the 
 
 want of such a person. 
 
 When Mr. (Here the minute ends.) 
 
 By determination of a ballot in general this evening. 
 
 Prices. that the Book of Prices, which hath been lately revised 
 
 by a committee chosen for that pxirpose, and laid before 
 
 the Company at a meeting the 18tli inst., which received 
 
 their sanction, being audibly read by the Moderator. 
 
 And further agreed, that every member choosing a 
 copy of the prices, must write them in the Hall, as the 
 book is to be lodged with the Committee only. 
 
 Provincial NoTE. — The Stated meeting of July 18th, 1774, was 
 Committee. j^q(^ hcld, iu cousequeuce of the Provincial Committee 
 meeting in the Hall. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 41 
 
 AUGUST 1st, 1774. '^'^'^*- 
 
 The Company taking into consideration the state of Pump. 
 our pump, it being used in general by the neighbor- 
 hood, think it advisable that every family who are able, 
 shall pay at the rate of six shillings per j'ear ; and we 
 further direct Isaac Lafever to collect the same for the 
 benefit of the Company, commencing the 1st of August, 
 1773, being one year's water-money due this day. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 5th, 1774. 
 
 The Delegates to the First Congress met in the Hall Congress, 
 this day, and continued to meet therein until the 26th 
 of October inclusive. 
 
 Total number of members, 55. 
 
 For history of their proceedings, see book in our 
 Library, No. 1301, commencing page 7. 
 
 Note. — No minutes from August 1st, 1774, to Janu- 
 ary 17th, 1775. January 16th, 1775, part of lot 26 feet 
 on Chestnut Street, by 140 feet deep, sold to Joseph 
 Pemberton. 
 
 JANUARY 17th, 1775. 1776 
 
 It was agreed that the Provincial Convention might provincial 
 meet in the Hall ; to pay ten shillings per day. convention 
 
 APEIL 20th, 1775. 
 
 It was agreed, that as the Hall is so far finished as tOfjo more to 
 accommodate the Company, that no more money be be expend- 
 expended on the premises, until the sums advanced by " ' 
 the several members be fully paid, except it be neces- 
 sary for repairs, or by voluntary subscriptions hereafter 
 for that purpose ; and it is further agreed that all the 
 accounts relative to the building of the Hall, &c., be Accounts to 
 brought in as soon as possible, and adjusted by the be adjusted. 
 Committee, and a certificate be given by the Master 
 and assistants, for the time being, for the balance that 
 shall be found due on said account. 
 
 James Pearson and Thomas Nevell informed the ^ . , , . 
 
 t nendsnip 
 
 Company that, on conversing with several members of company, 
 the Friendship Company of Carpenters, it appears that 
 
^2 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 1775. 
 
 there is a desire of the majority of the members of said 
 Company to join with us, and as many inconveniences 
 do frequently arise by continuing in a separate state, 
 the members now met in order to remove such incon- 
 venience and facilitate a union of the respectable master 
 carpenters ; we do appoint Josepli Pox, Gunning Bed- 
 ford, Thomas Nevell, Abraham Carlile, James Worrell, 
 and James Pearson, a committee to confer with a 
 committee that is or may be appointed by the other 
 Company, respecting said union, and report their pro- 
 ceedings to the next meeting of this Company. 
 
 1770 JANUARY 26th, 1776. 
 
 Committee A Standing Committee on Pricing Work was chosen, 
 on Prices, gonsistiug of twelve members. 
 
 Taking care The Compauy taking into consideration the trouble 
 of Hall. ]\jj.g^ Lafever has in taking care of the Hall, have agreed 
 to allow her ten pounds per year. 
 
 Note. — There appears to be no minutes between a 
 special meeting held April 26th, 1776, and October 23d, 
 1778, which appear next in the book. 
 
 The British troops had possession of the Company's 
 property from September 26th, 1777, to June 18th, 
 1778, — 8 months and 23 days. 
 
 1778 OCTOBER 23d, 1778. 
 
 James Pearson reported that he had suddenly been 
 Occupants, gj^j^jgjj upon by the Barrack- master-General, and having 
 no opportunity to consult with members, did set the 
 rent of the lower story and cellar of the Hall, at £110 
 per annum, to the U. S. Col. Flower, Commissary-Gen- 
 eral of military stores department. Although the price 
 was considered low by the Company, yet under the 
 circumstances, it was sanctioned. The rent of the said 
 part of the Hall, for the time it was occupied as a store, 
 ofHce, &C-, for the use of the United States, previous to 
 the English troops taking possession of the city, was 
 fixed at the rate of £60 per annum. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 43 
 
 It was agreed that John Hanlan's rent, for one year 1778. 
 two months and sixteen days, ending the 10th ofRent. 
 August, 1778, amounting to B21. 2s. Qd , in consideration 
 of the house, or a great part of it, being occupied by 
 the British troops while in this city, shall be £20 in 
 full of said rent. 
 
 NOVEMBER 9th, 1778. 
 
 A special meeting of the Company was held at the 
 house of Thomas Nevell. 
 
 DECEMBER 14th, 1778. 
 
 Company met at Thomas Nevell's. 
 
 At this meeting it was agreed to meet at the Hall at 
 the annual meeting, and George Wood and John Keen, 
 wardens, are appointed to give notice to the Company, 
 and to provide some refreshment at said meeting. 
 
 JANUARY 18th, 1779. 1V79 
 
 Annual meeting held in the Hall. At this meeting Fi"t meet- 
 it was unanimously agreed that no fines be required of "fj"'^. ^^^ 
 the members of the Company since the 17th of Jan- British left. 
 uary, 1774, until this meeting. At' this meeting theNofines,&c. 
 rent of first story and cellar, occupied by Commissary- Rent. 
 General, was raised to £180, from January 1st, 1779. 
 
 Joseph ilakestraw was appointed to have a brand Brand, 
 made with the words thereon, " Carpenters' Company," 
 and to brand the chairs and other articles belonging to 
 the Company. 
 
 APRIL 19th, 1779. 
 
 Joseph Rakestraw reports that he has provided a 
 brand, which cost £9 15s.* 
 
 At this meeting a part of the lot was rented to the 
 Commissary-General on behalf of the United States, „ 
 
 -J Brass foun. 
 
 for the purpose of building a brass-founder and file- dcr and file 
 cutter shop, at an annual rent of £25 ; the rent to <=""" '^°^ 
 commence April 1st, 1779. 
 
 *We suppose this to be Continental money. 
 
■14 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 ^"^^^^ JULY 19th, 1779. 
 
 At this meeting it was thought that the Library 
 Company ought to pay at least four times the usual 
 annual rent, in lieu of the sum of £36 payable from 
 said Library. 
 
 Note.— The proposition last stated was agreed to 
 and paid by the Library Company, and the ground 
 rent of lot was paid at the same rate. 
 
 1780 OCTOBER 16th, 1780. 
 
 At a quarterly meeting of the Company held at the 
 house of William Jones, but few members attending, it 
 was adjudged proper to adjourn the meeting to Wed- 
 nesday, the 18th inst., at 5 o'clock in the evening, 
 when the Wardens are to give the following notice, 
 
 viz. : 
 
 October 18th, 1780. 
 
 Copy of no- You are earnestly requested to attend a special 
 
 tice. 
 
 meeting of the Carpenters' Company, at the front 
 house on their lot, at 5 o'clock this evening, to take in 
 consideration matters of the utmost importance to the 
 Company, when a rule is to be proposed for paying 
 quarterages and fines in some proportion to the depre- 
 ciation of money. 
 
 OCTOBER 18th, 1780. 
 
 In relation The Committee appointed on the 5th of January 
 to taxes, jg^g^^ were directed to take such further steps as they 
 shall judge most proper to have the Hall and estate 
 belonging to the Company exempted from the payment 
 of taxes, and if such exemption cannot be obtained, to 
 use their utmost endeavors to collect the rents and pay 
 the taxes 
 lines. &c. The consideration of Fines, &c., were postponed un- 
 til the annual meeting in January, 1781. 
 
 1781 JANUARY 15th, 1781. 
 
 Quarterages The Compauy taking into consideration the quarter- 
 "■^ *^"." !° ages and fines, have agreed that all quarterages and 
 specie, &c. fines after this evening shall be paid in specie, or the 
 value thereof in current money. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 45 
 
 1781. 
 
 APRIL 30th, 1781. 
 
 Thomas Nevell reported that he had procured one 
 hundred and thirty blank Certificates of Membership, c^""''=^"= 
 printed on Parchment, and that he paid 30 shillings, 
 State money, for the parchment used for that purpose, 
 and that Mr. Francis Bailey generously gave the print- 
 ing to the Company. 
 
 At this meeting thirty-nine of the certificates above 
 mentioned were signed and sealed, and delivered by 
 Mr. Rhoads to the Committee on Accounts, to be deliv- 
 ered to the members, on their complying with the 
 terms of admission. 
 
 JULY 16th, 1781. 
 
 Application was made by the Commissary-General smith's 
 for permission to erect a smith's forge on the Com- fo^ge, 
 pany's lot, in front of the Hall ; when, on being put to 
 vote, it was unanimously determined that none should 
 be erected nor any part of the yard incommoded. The 
 Committee on Rents, &c., are directed to pay proper 
 attention to these directions. 
 
 JULY 22iid, 1782. 1782 
 
 The Library Company having, at the meeting 15th Library 
 of July last, made application to know upon what Company, 
 terms they may be permitted to occupy the second 
 story of the Hall, after the expiration of their lease, it 
 was now agreed that the said Library Company can 
 have the second story at £80 per annum. 
 
 OCTOBER 21st, 1782. 
 
 It was agreed that, in future, any member that may Admission 
 hereafter be admitted, do pay such entrance as may be f«s- 
 agreed on by the Company at the time of their admit- 
 tance. 
 
 JULY 21st, 1783. 1^83 
 
 George Forepaugh, Thomas Nevell, James Pearson, 
 
 1 Ti 1 *iT Committee 
 
 George Engles, and Robert Allison, were appointed a onmanufac- 
 committee to act with other committees of manufac- ""'"■^'^ 
 
46 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 1783. tnrers and mechanics, in considering the propriety of 
 presenting a memorial to the honorable Assembly of 
 this Commonwealth, to lay such duties or imposts on 
 foreign manufactures imported into this State, as on 
 mature consideration may be adjudged useful and 
 necessary. 
 Acttoincor- It was agreed to adjourn to the 28th inst; and it was 
 porate. ^j^^ unanlmous opinion, that at the adjourned meeting 
 the first business entered upon shall be to appoint a 
 committee to make application to the Legislature for 
 an act to incorporate the Carpenters' Company. 
 Surveyofiot I* ^as also proposcd that William Moulder, Thomas 
 Pryor, and Jacob Graff, be requested to survey and 
 regulate the Carpenters' Company's lot, and make out 
 the bounds thereof 
 
 JULY 28th, 1783. 
 
 This was a special meeting, called as stated in the 
 last minute. "The Company not meeting generally, 
 the members that met thought proper to postpone the 
 meeting until some other opportunity, when each 
 member will expect to get notice." Ten members only 
 were present. 
 
 1784 JANUARY 17th, 1784. 
 
 In consequence of the inclemency of the weather, 
 and several other causes, there was no meeting of the 
 Company at this time. 
 
 The election for officers, and other business belong- 
 ing to the annual meeting, (omitted as above,) was 
 attended to at a meeting held April 12th, 1784. 
 
 APEIL 19th, 1784. 
 
 Chest. "The Company considering the frequent disappoint- 
 
 ments to the Company, owing to the want of their 
 books being lodged in a convenient place, do authorize 
 the Committee of Rents, &c., to procure a proper chest, 
 and lodge it in their Hall, to contain the papers, &c., 
 belonging to them ; and Matthew McGlathery was re- 
 quested by the Committee of Eents, &c., to make a 
 
EXTRACTS PROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 47 
 
 chest for the use of the Carpenters' Company, 3 feet 10_J^^_^__ 
 inches long, 20 inches wide out to out, and 13 inches 
 deep, besides two drawers beneath, of 5 inches deep ; a 
 till at the right end, and divisions for three bottles, &c., 
 at the other end ; a good lock with two keys to the 
 upper part, and a lock and two keys to each drawer, 
 and handles at each end, and painted chocolate color." 
 
 JULY 19th, 1784. 
 The Committee on Book of Prices reported progress, ''°™'"'"*^ 
 
 . ■'^ ^ ° ' on Book of 
 
 and were continued. Prices. 
 
 OCTOBER 18th, 1784. 
 The admission-money was fixed at £6. Emrancefee 
 
 DECEMBER 27th, 1784. 
 
 At this meeting (held at James Patton's) a Commit- <^'"""''"='= 
 tee from the Friendship Carpenters' Company at- ship com- 
 tended, and informed they were appointed by their p^^ny- 
 Company to , confer with a Committee appointed by 
 our Company, on such topics as would be useful to 
 the carpenters in general. 
 
 After some conversation, the finishing of the business 
 was referred to .Joseph Rakestraw, James Pearson, and 
 George Engles, 
 
 JANUARY 17th, 1785. 1785 
 
 It was agreed that the Committee on Accounts (con- Committee 
 sisting of 13), should be continued for one year, and to °" 
 be a standing Committee, to transact all business relat- 
 ing to the Company, ahd report thereon. 
 
 MARCH 1st, 1785. 
 
 Special Meeting. "The Committee report that they Friendship 
 have had several conferences with the Committee of the Company. 
 Friendship Carpenters' Company, respecting sundry 
 matters relative to the reputation and benefit of the 
 trade, and generally agree, that a union of the two 
 Companies would best promote the above design." 
 
48 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 1785. 
 
 The Company proceeded to consider the propriety 
 or utility of the aforementioned union. The question 
 being put, Shall the Friendship Carpenters' Company 
 be received into union with this Company ? Which 
 was carried in the affirmative. 
 
 A second question being put: On what terms shall 
 the Friendship Carpenters' Company be received into 
 union with this Company? And it was unanimously 
 agreed that the said union should take place upon 
 each member of the Friendship Carpenters' Company 
 paying into the stock of this Company the sum of four 
 pounds, and signing our articles. 
 
 Note. — First meeting of carpenters for the purpose 
 of forming the " Friendship Carpenters' Company," 
 was held at the late " Union Library," November 18th, 
 1769. 
 
 Articles reported and agreed to at a ineeting held 
 November 23rd, 1769. (Does n.ot say where.) 
 
 This Company joined the "Carpenters' Company of 
 the City and County of Philadelphia," March 1st, 1786. 
 
 JULY 18th, 1785. 
 
 Friendship At this meeting George Engles, warden, was requested 
 Company, ^q serve the Friendship Carpenters' Company with a 
 certified copy of the minutes made the 1st day of 
 March last, respecting the union. 
 
 OCTOBER, 17th, 1785. 
 
 Friendship The Committee appointed for that purpose, report 
 Company. ^^^^^^ ^^lej had delivered a copy of the minutes of March 
 last to the Friendship Carpenters' Company. 
 
 Joseph Rakestraw, Joseph Ogilby, and George Engles, 
 were appointed to inform the Friendship Carpenters' 
 Company, that whenever they judge it proper, we are 
 ready to call the Company together to admit them. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 49 
 
 1787. 
 JANUARY 15th, 1787. 
 
 An assessment of two dollars was made upon each Assessment 
 member, towards defraying some necessary expenses of members. 
 of the Company, incurred in the course of last year. 
 
 JANUARY 21st, 1788. iTss 
 
 It was agreed that there be twelve fire buckets and Fire buckets 
 ojie ladder; and the Committee are desired to get &=■ 
 them ; likewise, examine our fire engine, and report its 
 state at our next meeting. 
 
 JANUARY 18th, 1790. 1790 
 
 On motion of Thomas Nevell, seconded by Samuel Act to incor- 
 Jones, to take the sense of the Company on making p°"'=- 
 application to the General Assembly for a bill to incor- 
 porate this Company, which was agreed to, and a Com- 
 mittee of thirteen members was appointed. 
 
 MARCH 8th, 1790. 
 
 The business of this meeting being to consider a bill Act, &c. 
 for incorporating this Company, which, being several "^^'""^ '°- 
 times read, was, with some alterations, agreed to. 
 
 APRIL 19th, 1790. 
 
 James Pearson, on behalf of the Committee on the ^^j_ g^^ 
 bill for incorporating this Company, reports that they 
 have obtained a bill, which has passed the House, and 
 is signed by the Speaker, and sent to the printers. He 
 also informed the Company that Peter L. Loyd, Clerk 
 of the House of Assembly, presents this Company with 
 his fees accruing from the bill of incorporation. 
 
 Joseph Rakestraw and James Pearson are desired to Thanks. 
 present the thanks of this Company for his attention 
 to that business ; they are also desired to get the said 
 bill recorded. . 
 
 A Committee of ten members were appointed to draw Rules. 
 up rules and regulations corresponding thereunto. 
 
50 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 ^'^^"- JULY 19th, 1790. 
 
 Thanks and The Committee appointed for that purpose, report, 
 that they have returned the thanks of this Company to 
 Peter L. Loyd, for his services and attention to the 
 business of the bill ; they also report that they have 
 put the same in the way to be recorded. 
 
 Materiaisfor Jamcs Pearson, George Engles, and Samuel Pancoast, 
 are appointed a Committee to collect materials for the 
 steps, frontispiece, and windows of Hall. 
 
 steps, &c. 
 
 DECEMBER 27th, 1790. 
 
 Rules, &c. The Company proceeded to consider the proposed 
 laws for the well regulating this corporation, when, 
 after some alterations, the Committee are desired to get 
 one hundred copies printed, in order that each mem- 
 ber may be supplied, and be prepared to adopt the 
 same, if agreeable, in the first month, agreeably to the 
 constitution. 
 
 1791 JANUAEY 17th, 1791. 
 
 First eiec- ^^ ^^^^ meeting the first election for officers took 
 tion, &c. place, under the laws passed agreeably to the act of in- 
 corporation. 
 
 JANUAEY 20th, 1791. 
 
 Columns. Samuel Fletcher was paid £2 Os. Bd., for turning 
 columns for frontispiece. 
 
 JANUARY 31st, 1791. 
 
 Rules. The Committee on Rules laid before the Company 
 
 the proposed rules. After being debated by sections, 
 and sundry alterations made, were agreed to; audit 
 was agreed that they should be entered by the Stand- 
 ing Committee on the record of the Company. 
 
 MARCH 27th, 1791. 
 Frontispiece At this meeting the frontispiece was put up. 
 
 APRIL 7th, 1791. 
 
 Bill of paint- John Stock was paid £12 6s. Id, for painting the 
 "=■ lower part of the Hall, priming the fontispiece and five 
 
 windows. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 51 
 
 MAY 5th, 1791. 1791. 
 
 Simmons and Robinson were paid £5 9s. lOd., for a ^^"1^'"p°"s- 
 quantity of cedar posts for platform of steps leading to 
 the Hall. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 7th, 1791. 
 
 James Pearson informed the Company that the Com- National 
 mittee to whom the matter had been referred, had let Bank. 
 the Hall to the National Bank for two years, at £350 
 per annum. 
 
 At this meeting the Company agreed to build a brick 
 building on west side of lot, for the accommodation of ^^"^(^^(^^"ff 
 the Company, 18 feet by 60 feet in the clear, two stories lot. 
 high, and the Committee are authorized to see it com- 
 pleted as soon as possible. 
 
 JANUARY 16th, 1792.* 1792 
 
 It was agreed to have a Secretary, and Joseph Ogilby pirst Secrc- 
 was elected (being the first Secretary), the duties of ''"■y. 
 Secretary having up to this time been performed by the 
 Warden. 
 
 APRIL 17th, 1792. 
 
 It was resolved to pay the Secretary for his services, SaUry of 
 £6 for the ensuing year. Secretary 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee be authorized to pay R^ij^f ^f 
 the sum of £15, being the ground rent now due on the member. 
 house in posession of a member of this Company (late 
 the estate of Widow Weed), in order to extricate his 
 goods from the demands of the ground landlord ; and 
 also to take the goods of the said member as security 
 for the sum advanced, and place him at board, where 
 he may be well accommodated; the goods to be sent 
 with him. 
 
 NOVEMBER 14th, 1792. 
 
 William Linnard was desired to get the frontispiece south front- 
 to the south front of the Hall finished, as soon as 'apiece. 
 materials suitable can be obtained. 
 
 Note. — The first Secretary and Treasurer elected this 
 year (1792), the Wardens heretofore having kept the 
 minutes, and the Master acting as Treasurer. 
 
 *This was the first meeting in long room west side of court. 
 
52 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 1793. JULY 15th, 1793. 
 
 u. s. Bank. Samuel Jones reported that the Directors of the 
 United States Bank applied to him in order to be in- 
 formed if they could have a lease of the Hall for a term 
 of three years, after the expiration of the present lease. 
 The Company agreed they might, and authorized the 
 Committee to settle the rent. 
 
 OCTOBER 21th, 1793. 
 
 Fever. Only sevcu members appeared, on account of a 
 
 malignant fever prevalent in the city. 
 
 NOVEMBER 27th, 1793. 
 
 South front. William lAnnard was paid this evening, .;^12 2s. IQd., 
 ispiecc. jjj £^1^ fQj. jjjg account of work done to south frontis- 
 piece of Hall. 
 1794 JANUARY 20th, 1794. 
 
 U.S. Bank. The Committee reported that they had leased the 
 Hall to the United States Bank for three years, at $1000 
 per annum. 
 
 MAY 17th, 1794. 
 
 Architecture William Garrigucs was desired to subscribe for three 
 sets of Joseph Clark's intended publication on archi- 
 tecture, advertised in Maryland. 
 
 OCTOBER 20th, 1794. 
 
 The Committee was ordered to purchase such books 
 of architecture as will be most useful to the Company, 
 and that a sum not exceeding $200 be at the disposition 
 of the Committee for that purpose. 
 
 1T95 JULY 20th, 1795. 
 
 Entrance fee At this meeting the admission-money was raised to 
 $30. 
 
 OCTOBER 19th, 1795. 
 Lien Law. The Committee of Seven were directed to prepare a 
 petition to the Legislature, in favor of workmen and 
 other citizens, in order to secure their property in 
 buildings. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM ANCIENT MINUTES. 53 
 
 1796. 
 
 JANUAEY 18th, 1796. 
 
 By information received this evening, it appears that Relief of a 
 one of our members, -whom we much esteem, has met ""="'"='■■ 
 with a considerable loss by fire ; the Company, consid- 
 ering the circumstances, appoint William Robert, Ed- 
 ward Garrigues, and Conrad Bartling, as a committee 
 to hand him such sum of money as they may think 
 necessary, for which they have the authority of the 
 Company to draw upon the Treasurer. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1797. 1797 
 
 The stated meeting of this month was not held, in EpWemic. 
 consequence of the prevalence of an epidemic fever 
 with which our city has been visited. 
 
 NOVEMBEE 20th, 1797. 
 
 The following communication was received: 
 
 Sir: The Board of Commissioners have directed me Letter of 
 to present their thanks through you to the Corporation R°bert 
 of Carpenters of Philadelphia, for the friendly and 
 polite offer of the use of their Hall, as tendered by 
 their Committee, and to assure them of the perfect con- 
 venience and accommodation which they experienced 
 while meeting there ; but considering that the local en- 
 gagements of the Corporation might be impeded by a 
 further stay, and the County Commissioners offering 
 an unoccupied apartment in the old Court-house, it 
 was judged advisable to accept of it. Be pleased to 
 communicate the foregoing to the respectable Society 
 of which you are President, and believe me to be your 
 
 sincere friend. , 
 
 Robert Wharton, 
 
 To the President of Chairman. 
 
 the Incorporated Society of Carpenters. 
 
 Note. — The Library was moved this year from the 
 President's dwelling to the Hall. 
 
54 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 ^'^^S- OCTOBEE, 15th, 1798. 
 
 Epidemic. g^j^ fg^ members attended this evening, in conse- 
 quence of the prevalence of an epidemic fever, it was 
 agreed to adjourn to the 19th of next month. 
 
 NOVEMBER 19th, 1798. 
 
 The following resolution was adopted : 
 
 to'^tTdow. Resolved, That the Committee of Seven be authorized 
 to grant any sum, not exceeding $100, to the widow of 
 a late deceased member, to enable her to commence 
 business for the support of her family. 
 
 1799 OCTOBER 21st, 1799. 
 
 But few members attending this evening, in conse- 
 quence of the prevalence of an epidemic fever, it was 
 agreed to adjourn to the 10th of next month. 
 
BRIEF OF TITLE 
 
 TO LOT ON WHICH THE HALL IS BUILT. 
 
 May 6th, 1688— Patent to David Breintnall, for 54i "«^ 
 feet by 265 feet deep. p^'^"- 
 
 David Breintnall to John Lancaster, October 31, "^^ 
 1720, for 28 feet, part of the above 5U feet. ^'^^■ 
 
 July 28, 1731. — John Lancaster to George Emlen, for I'^i 
 28 feet last described. Deed. 
 
 May 6, 1688.— Patent to David Breintnall, for 35 feet "ss 
 in breadth, by 255 feet deep, adjoining the above. Patent. 
 
 October 81, 1720. — David Breintnall to Joseph Breint- 1720 
 nail, for 38 feet — 26J feet being the remaining part of 
 the above Bii feet lot, and the remainder, Hi feet, being 
 part of the 35 feet lot. 
 
 September 10, 1745. — Joseph Breintnall, to George ^^*^ 
 Emlen, for 38 fSet in width. °=='i- 
 
 February 7, 1749. — George Emlen devised the 38 feet 1749 
 lot, and the 28 feet lot to his son, George. wuk 
 
 February 3, 1768. — George Emlen and wife to Benja- nes 
 min Loxley, Thomas Nevell, and Robert Smith, for said 
 lot, being 66 by 255 feet. ^"'^■ 
 
 January 15, 1770. — Benjamin Loxley, et. al., to Gun- "^^ 
 ning Bedford and others, trustees for Carpenters' Com- j^^^^ 
 pany. 
 
 Gunning Bedford et. al., to Joseph Pemberton, ground I'^s 
 east side of court, 26 feet by 140 feet. Deed. 
 
 Deed, January 16, 1775. 
 
SUBSCRIBERS TO STOCK 
 
 ERECTION OP CARPENTERS' HALL. 
 
 
 SHARES. 
 
 
 SHARES 
 
 Robert Smith, . 
 
 20 
 
 Thomas Nevell, . 
 
 12 
 
 John Goodwin, . 
 
 16 
 
 Silas Engles, 
 
 6 
 
 Abraham Carlile, 
 
 12 
 
 William CoUaday, 
 
 6 
 
 Patrick Craghead, 
 
 4 
 
 James Worrell, . 
 
 20 
 
 William Eobinson, 
 
 12 
 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 
 6 
 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 
 .' 12 
 
 William Roberts, 
 
 4 
 
 James Pearson, . 
 
 16 
 
 James Davis, 
 
 10 
 
 Benjamin Loxley, 
 
 20 
 
 Isaa,o Lafever, . 
 
 6 
 
 Levi Budd, 
 
 5 
 
 Joseph Rhoads, . 
 
 12 
 
 Eichard Armitt, . 
 
 12 
 
 Robert Cannon, . 
 
 4 
 
 James Bringhnrst, 
 
 6 
 
 Samuel Griscom, 
 
 8 
 
 William Lownes, 
 
 12 
 
 Henry Potter, . 
 
 6 
 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 
 10 
 
 Ezekiel Worrell, 
 
 4 
 
 George Wood, 
 
 4 
 
 Joseph Govett, . 
 
 6 
 
 Joseph Fox, 
 
 20 
 
 James Coats,' 
 
 4 
 
 Samuel Powell, . 
 
 4 
 
 James Graisbury, 
 
 4 
 
 John Keen, 
 
 8 
 
 Matthew McGlathery, 
 
 4 
 
 John Thomhill, . 
 
 12 
 
 Joseph Rush, 
 
 4 
 
 John Hitchcock, 
 
 5 
 
 James Armitage, 
 
 6 
 
STATISTICS. 
 
 1724. The Carpenters' Company of the City and County of 
 Philadelphia, founded under the title of the First Car- 
 penters' Company of Philadelphia. 
 
 1724. Entrance fee one pound ten shillings, $6.67. 
 
 1734. James Porteus bequeathed his collection of books on 
 architecture to the Company. 
 
 1736. First book purchased, the beginning of the Library. 
 
 1762. The Second Carpenters'Company admitted into member- 
 
 ship. 
 
 1763. Entrance fee two pounds, $8.89. 
 
 1763. Committee of twelve on Book of Prices appointed. 
 1763. Committee appointed to procure a lot for the erection of 
 a Hall. 
 
 1768. Purchase of the site on which the Hall now stands. 
 
 1769. Entrance fee four pounds, 117.75. 
 
 1770. Friendship Carpenters' Company ask to be united. 
 
 1771. Meetings first held in the Hall. 
 
 1772. The Philadelphia Library located in the Hall. 
 
 1774. Superintendent of Hall appointed, salary ten pounds. 
 
 1774. July 18th. Hall occupied by the Provincial Assembly. 
 
 1774. Sept. 5th. First American Congress assembled in the 
 Hall, and continued throughout .its entire session, 
 deliberately avowing, that to the oppressive acts of the 
 mother country, "Americans cannot submit," and the 
 
58 ' THE carpenters' company. 
 
 patriotic determination to '' sell their liberty only with 
 lives." 
 
 1774. Sept. 7th. First Prayer in Congress. 
 
 1775. Hall occupied again by Provincial Assembly. 
 
 1775. Hall occupied by those interested in " The American 
 
 Manufactory for making Woolens, Linens, and Cot- 
 tons," for the election of officers, and their meetings. 
 The factory was located at Ninth and Market Streets. 
 
 1776. The Provincial Committee occupied the Hall. Among 
 
 their resolves was, " the calling a convention for the 
 express purpose of forming a new Government in the 
 Province, which shall derive all its authority from the 
 people only." 
 
 1777. The Hall and Company's property seized by the British 
 
 troops. 
 
 1778. The Company again meet in the Hall, having been de- 
 
 barred that privilege during the occupancy of the city 
 by the British ; the fines of all members remitted, and 
 an abatement made to the tenants for rent collected by 
 British officials. 
 
 1778. Part of the building occupied by the United States Bar- 
 
 rack-master. 
 
 1779. Hall occupied by the United States Commissary-General, 
 
 who was allowed to erect a brass foundry and file-cut- 
 ting shop on part of the lot. 
 
 1781. Committee on Book of Prices authorized to receive rents 
 
 and settle accounts. 
 
 1782. Committee on Book of Prices reduced to five, and called 
 
 Committee on Rents and Book of Prices. 
 1784. Six members added, and the Committee authorized to 
 transact all business relating to the Company. 
 
 1780. Friendship Capenters' Company admitted into member- 
 
 ship, after sixteen years' efforts tending thereto, by 
 paying four pounds each to the treasurer. 
 
 1787. Hall occupied by the Convention to frame the Constitu- 
 tion ; they deliberated with closed doors, and at the 
 end of four months, agreed upon a Constitution for 
 the United States of America. 
 
 1787. Part of the building occupied by the United States Com- 
 missary-General of Military Stores. 
 
carpenters' hall. 59 
 
 1787. Entrance fee six pounds, $26.67. 
 
 1787. Committee on Rents and Book of Prices separated into 
 
 two Committees, seven on the former, and thirteen on 
 
 the latter. This arrangement discontinued the next 
 
 year. 
 1791. Notices first printed for use of the Wardens. 
 1791. Hall 0C3upied by the Bank of the United States, where 
 
 it commenced business and continued until 1797. 
 
 1791. Meetings of the Company ceased to be held in the Hall, 
 
 being removed to the new building of the Company, on 
 west side of the court, continuing there sixty -five years. 
 
 1792. The Company incorporated by the State of Pennsylvania, 
 
 under the title of the Carpenters' Company of the City 
 
 and County of Philadelphia. 
 1792. Duties of officers separated. Treasurer first appointed, 
 
 the duty having been performed by the Master. 
 1792. Title of presiding officer changed from Master to President. 
 1792. Secretary first appointed, that duty having been attended 
 
 to by the Wardens. 
 
 1794. Special appropriation to the Library of two hundred 
 
 dollars. 
 
 1795. Entrance fee changed from sterling to Federal money, 
 
 and made thirty dollars. 
 1797. Hall occupied by the Bank of Pennsylvania until 1799. 
 
 1797. Library removed from the President's house to the new 
 
 meeting room of the Company. 
 
 1798. Hall used by the United States for a Land office. 
 
 1798. Appropriation of one hundred and fifty dollars to the 
 
 Library. 
 
 1799. Appropriation of four hundred dollars to the Library. 
 
 1800. Vice-President first appointed. 
 
 1802. Hall used by the United States for a Custom-House until 
 
 1817. 
 1804 Secretary's minutes separated from theWarden's accounts. 
 1805. Entrance fee forty dollars. 
 
 1806 Refreshments at the quarterly meetings discontinued. 
 1812. Committee on Rents increased to nine, and name changed 
 
 to the Managing Committee. 
 1817. Hall occupied by the (second) Bank of the United States. 
 1821. Apprentices Library located in the second story of the 
 
 Hall. 
 1821. Hall rented to the Musical Fund Society. 
 
60 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 1822. The Fuel Saving Society held their meeting in the Hall. 
 1822. Committee on Book of Prices reduced to seven members. 
 
 1822. Hall used as a school room by the Society for the Educa' 
 
 tion of Female Children. 
 
 1823. A part of the building occupied as a school room by John 
 
 Willets, continuing for eight years. 
 
 1825. Hall used by Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsyl- 
 
 vania. 
 
 1826. By-law enacted, making an annual appropriation of one 
 
 hundred dollars to the Library. 
 
 1 827. Committee on Book of Prices elected by ballot. 
 
 1827. First story of Hall used by the Society of Friends as a 
 
 place of worship. 
 
 1828. Part of the building rented for an auction-room. 
 
 1829. Entrance fee sixty dollars. 
 
 1833. Hall used for sittings of the Supreme Court. 
 
 1838. Entire building rented for an auction store. 
 
 1852. Entrance fee eighty dollars. 
 
 1857. Hall reoccupied by the Company for their meetings and 
 directed to be open to the visits of citizens and stran- 
 gers, who may wish to visit the spot where Henry, 
 Hancock and Adams inspired the delegates of the 
 Colonies with nerve and the sinew for the toils of war- 
 A body of greater men never convened together, or 
 crowned a nation's annals. 
 
 1857. Entrance fee one hundred dollars. 
 
 1859. City Councils propose to purchase the Hall because of its 
 historical interest and associations with the early 
 events of our national existence. The proposition 
 was respectfully declined. 
 
 The following appeared in the North American and United 
 States Gazette in June, 1859, in relation to this subject : 
 
 CARPENTERS' HALL. 
 
 Of the cherished objects yet among us, mementoes of the 
 "early times," that are regarded with veneration and held 
 sacred from the hand of "modern improvement" and "progres- 
 sion," none possess more thrilling interest, or were the theatre 
 
carpenters' hall. 61 
 
 of more anxious deliberations, than the "Hall" of the Carpen- 
 ters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia. We 
 may venerate, but cannot enter into the patriotic devotion that 
 offered its use to the popular cause, whilst the Royalist pointed 
 to its certain confiscation and the ruin of the Company. 
 
 It is a source of just pride that it is accessible to the public, 
 whether citizens or strangers, and is visited even by subjects of 
 the monarchies of Europe, being freely shown by the attentive 
 Superintendent having it in charge. It was here that the 
 delegates of the "town meeting" met in June, 1774, to request 
 Governor Penn to convene the Assembly, and on his refusal, 
 appointed three of their number to wait upon the Speaker, and 
 request a positive answer whether he would do it or not. Here 
 the representatives of the different County Committees met to 
 confer with the Philadelphia Committee, and prepare their 
 resolves as the sense of the Province on the then existing state 
 of affairs, and the necessitj' of a general Congress of Delegates 
 from all the Colonies. 
 
 Within its sacred enclosures, when our own State House was 
 closed against them, met the band of patriots who composed 
 the First American Congress, who, conscious of the impending 
 perils of the movement, resolved that all their transactions, 
 except such as they should resolve to publish, should be kept 
 inviolably secret. 
 
 Here Henry, Hancock and Adams inspired those delegates 
 with nerve and sinew for the toils of war. Here with the news 
 of the cannonade of Boston bursting upon them, arose the first 
 prayer in Congress. "Washington was kneeling here, and 
 Henry, and Randolph, and Rutledge, and Lee, and Jay, and by 
 their side stood, bowed in reverence, the Puritan patriots of 
 New England, who at that time had reason to believe that an 
 armed soldiery were wasting their humble households. They 
 prayed fervently for America, for the Congress, for the Province 
 of Massachusetts Bay, and especially for the town of Boston. 
 "I saw the tears," said the venerable John Adams, "gush from 
 the eyes of the old pacific Quakers of Philadelphia." Here 
 they deliberately avowed that to the oppressive acts of the 
 mother country Americans cannot submit. 
 
 Here the Provincial Conference held their sittings ; here they 
 resolved to call a Convention to form a new Government for 
 the Province, that should derive all its authority from the 
 people only I should not have troubled you, Mr. Editor, by 
 
62 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 thus referring to Carpenters' Hall, but for the passage of a reso- 
 lution by our City Councils having reference to its purchase, 
 which may induce some of our fellow citizens to suppose such 
 a thing possible. To such I would say, that the Carpenters' 
 Company is one of the oldest in the United States, having been 
 instituted in 1724; that they built the Hall for their own use, and 
 used it as such for their accommodation, and that they had no 
 idea of parting with it ; and to Councils, as Henry Pratt said to 
 Joseph Bonaparte on a like occasion, that they "have not 
 monej'^ enough to buy it." 
 
 1860. The Convention for the Erection of a Monument to the 
 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, assem- 
 bled and held their meetings in the Hall. 
 
OCCUPANTS OF OLD HALL, 
 
 FEOM ITS FIEST BUILDING UNTIL MAY 23, 1857, WHEN THE COMPANY, 
 AFTER FITTING IT UP, BKOOCUPIED IT, SEPTEMBBR 5, 1857. 
 
 The lot was purchased February 3d, 1768 ; building com- 
 menced February 5th, 1770, and first occupied by the Company 
 January 21st, 1771, in which they continued to meet until the 
 British took possession, in 1777 ; and after they left, the first 
 meeting of the Company in the Hall was January 18th, 1779, 
 in which they continued to meet until the beginning of 1792. 
 They then removed to the new building on the west side of 
 court, second story, where they continued to meet until Sep- 
 tember 5th, 1857, when they reoccupied the old Hall. 
 
 1773 to December 30th, 1790, included, the Library Company 
 occupied the second story. 
 
 July 18th, 1774. Provincial Committee. 
 
 September 5th, 1774, up to October 26th, 1774, inclusive. 
 First Colonial Congress. 
 
 1775. The Provincial Convention. 
 
 1775. Committee on American Manufactures. 
 
 1776. Provincial Congress. 
 
 Up to the time the British took possession, the cellar and 
 part of first story. United States, as storehouse and office. 
 
 September 26th, 1777, to June 18th, 1778, by the British. 
 
 1778. United States Barrack -master. 
 
 1779 to January 1st, 1792. First story and cellar, General 
 Knox, Commissary-General. 
 
 February 22d, 1792. George Eddy, part lately occupied by 
 Commissary -General, and, by arrangement, given up to National 
 Bank. 
 
64 THE carpenters' company. 
 
 September 7th, 1791. Leased to National Bank for two years. 
 
 January 20th, 1794, to August 17th, 1797, to United States 
 Bank. 
 
 October 3d, 1797, to April 3d, 1798. Land Office. 
 
 1798 to 1801, three years. Bank of Pennsylvania. 
 
 April 1st, 1802, to January 1st, ISll, and from April 1st, 
 1811, to January 1st, 1817. Custqm-House, fourteen years, 
 three months and nineteen days. 
 
 October 1st, 1816, to February 9th, 1821. Second Bank of 
 the United States, four years, four months, and eight days. 
 
 March 12th, 1821, to December 12th,, 1824. First story. 
 Musical Society, three years and nine month?. 
 
 March 12th, 1821, to September 12th, 1828. Second story. 
 Apprentices' Library Company, seven years and six months. 
 
 March 12th, 1821, to December 12th, 1822. Second story. 
 Society for Education of Female Children, one year and nine 
 months. 
 
 December 26th, 1822, to December 16th, 1824, and a second 
 time, March 16th, 1826, to December 31st, 1832. Second story, 
 John Willets, for school, eight years, nine months and six days. 
 
 November 15th, 1824, to February 15th, 1826. Cellar, 
 Jedediah Alien, one year and three months. 
 
 December 12th, 1824, to April 12th, 1826. First story, 
 Franklin Institute, one year and four months. 
 
 November 9th, 1826, to August 9th, 1828. Cellar, Gillen & 
 Hill, one year and nine months. 
 
 June 1st, 1827, to March 1st, 1828. First story. Society of 
 Friends, eight months. 
 
 August 4th, 1828, to May 23d, 1857. C. J. Wolbert, auction- 
 room ; part of this time, first story only, part first story and 
 cellar, and part the whole building, twenty-eight years, nine 
 months, and twenty seven days. 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 The Book of Minutes preceding 1763, unaccountably disappeared. 
 
 
 YEAK. 
 
 MASTER. 
 
 ASSISTANT. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 1762 
 
 
 John Thornhill, 
 
 
 
 1763 
 
 Joseph Fox, 
 
 Benj. Loxley, 
 
 
 
 1764 
 
 (. 
 
 John Thornhill, 
 
 
 
 1765 
 
 11 
 
 James Worrell, 
 
 
 
 1766 
 
 (( 
 
 Gun. Bedford, 
 
 i 
 
 
 1767 
 
 " 
 
 James Davis, 
 
 5 
 
 
 1768 
 
 li 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 1769 
 
 •• 
 
 
 
 
 1770 
 
 1 11 
 
 James Pearson, 
 
 t^ 
 
 1771 
 
 tl 
 
 Ab'm Carlile, 
 
 cS 
 
 B 
 
 1772 
 
 it 
 
 Th. Shoemaker, 
 
 -s 
 
 % 
 
 1773 
 
 u 
 
 Joseph Rush, 
 
 1 
 
 0^ 
 
 1774 
 
 ii 
 
 Jos. Rakestraw, 
 
 t-l 
 
 02 
 
 1775 
 
 il 
 
 James "Worrell, 
 
 c; 
 
 
 1776 
 
 " 
 
 John Thornhill, 
 
 « 
 
 bD 
 
 1777 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 1778 
 
 
 
 
 
 1779 
 
 (( 
 
 Joseph Rush, 
 
 
 a 
 
 1780 
 
 Samuel Ehoads, 
 
 Levi Budd, 
 
 .§ 
 
 "§, 
 
 1781 
 
 (e 
 
 Robert Allison, 
 
 *-P 
 
 A 
 
 1782 
 
 11 
 
 Joseph Ogilby, 
 
 CO 
 
 ^ 
 
 1783 
 
 tl 
 
 
 
 1784 
 
 Th. Shoemaker, 
 
 Silas Engles, 
 
 
 
 
 1785 
 
 " 
 
 James Pearson, 
 
 'tn 
 
 
 1786 
 
 .u 
 
 George Engles, 
 
 3 
 P 
 
 
 1787 
 
 u 
 
 Gun. Bedford, 
 
 
 1788 
 
 It 
 
 Jos. Rakestraw, 
 
 
 
 1789 
 
 tt 
 
 S. Pancoast, 
 
 
 
 1790 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Jones, 
 
 
 
 
 
 INCORPORATl 
 
 SD, 1790. 
 
 
 YEAK. 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 VICE-PRESID'T. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 1791 
 
 Gun. Bedford, 
 
 
 Th. Shoemaker, 
 
 
 1792 
 
 (1 
 
 
 it 
 
 Joseph Ogilby. 
 
 1793 
 
 (( 
 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 1794 
 
 " 
 
 
 a 
 
 Wm. Garrigues. 
 
 1795 
 
 George Engles, 
 
 
 it 
 
 ( 1 
 
 1796 
 
 (I 
 
 
 
 
 1797 
 
 i( 
 
 
 Jos. Wetherill, 
 
 Wm. Powell. 
 
 1798 
 
 (( 
 
 
 u 
 
 Ed. Garrigues. 
 
 1799 
 
 • ■ 
 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. Garrigues. 
 
 1800 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 
 " 
 
 Ed. Garrigues. 
 
 1801 
 
 (. 
 
 John Keen, 
 
 11 
 
 Joseph Worrell. 
 
 1802 
 
 (( 
 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 
 (( 
 
 (t 
 
 1803 
 
 (( 
 
 ** 
 
 
 
 1804 
 
 " 
 
 tt 
 
 ' ' 
 
 J. Smith, Jr. 
 
 1805 
 ]806 
 
 (( 
 
 Wm. Linnard, 
 
 Wm. Powell, 
 
 Philip Justus. 
 
 1807 
 
 (( 
 
 " 
 
 (( 
 
 F. Forepaugh. 
 
 1808 
 
 ft 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 1809 
 
 * ' 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 1810 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 John T>. Smith. 
 
 1811 
 
 i t 
 
 (( 
 
 '* 
 
 u 
 
 1812 
 
 It 
 
 " 
 
 
 (( 
 
 1813 
 
 It 
 
 
 
 
66 
 
 THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 PRESIDBNT. 
 
 VICE-PEBSID'T. 
 
 TREASUEER. 
 
 SKCEETARY. 
 
 1814 
 
 Joseph Morris, 
 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 
 Wm. Powell, 
 
 John D. Smith. 
 
 1815 
 
 11 
 
 II 
 
 Jacob Lybrand, 
 
 Geo. Summers. 
 
 1816 
 
 u 
 
 Wm. Stevenson, 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 1817 
 
 Wm. Stevenson, 
 
 Jona. Roberts, 
 
 (( 
 
 li 
 
 1818 
 
 Jon a. Roberts, 
 
 Joseph Worrell, 
 
 Michael Baker, 
 
 Cor. Stevenson. 
 
 1819 
 
 11 
 
 II 
 
 f ( 
 
 u 
 
 1820 
 
 " 
 
 II 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 1821 
 
 Joseph "Worrell, 
 
 Joseph Morsis, 
 
 Wm. Wagner, 
 
 John O'Neill. 
 
 1822 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 li 
 
 il 
 
 1823 
 
 11 
 
 u 
 
 li 
 
 il 
 
 1824 
 
 Joseph Morris, 
 
 J. Williamson, 
 
 u 
 
 Wm. Randolph. 
 
 1825 
 
 11 
 
 Cor. Stevenson, 
 
 li 
 
 (( 
 
 1826 
 
 1 £ 
 
 11 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 1827 
 
 Joseph Worrell, 
 
 " 
 
 Michael Baker, 
 
 John Gilder. 
 
 1828 
 
 It 
 
 Wm. Wagner, 
 
 (( 
 
 K 
 
 1829 
 
 " 
 
 II 
 
 ii 
 
 U 
 
 1830 
 
 "Wm. "Wagner, 
 
 John Gilder, 
 
 " 
 
 James Weer. 
 
 1831 
 
 11 
 
 u 
 
 (1 
 
 a 
 
 1832 
 
 11 
 
 II 
 
 il 
 
 Jas. Hutchinson 
 
 1833 
 
 John Gilder, 
 
 John O'Neill, 
 
 " 
 
 It 
 
 1834 
 
 II 
 
 U 
 
 u 
 
 ' I 
 
 1835 
 
 11 
 
 U 
 
 il 
 
 D. H. Flickwir. 
 
 1836 
 
 Michael Baker, 
 
 .Tohn M. Ogden, 
 
 James Mitchell 
 
 11 
 
 1837 
 
 II 
 
 (i 
 
 u 
 
 ( 1 
 
 1838 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 II 
 
 li 
 
 1839 
 
 John M. Ogden, 
 
 Jas. Hutchinson 
 
 11 
 
 Danl. R. Knight 
 
 1840 
 
 11 
 
 u 
 
 il 
 
 il 
 
 1841 
 
 
 li 
 
 u 
 
 John Lindsay. 
 
 1842 
 
 Jas. Hutchinson 
 
 Daniel Smith, 
 
 (( 
 
 f ( 
 
 1843 
 
 " 
 
 :( 
 
 George Linck, 
 
 Saml.Copeland. 
 
 1844 
 
 11 
 
 ii 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 1845 
 
 Daniel Smith, 
 
 John Lindsay, 
 
 u 
 
 Joseph Moore. 
 
 1846 
 
 II 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 1847 
 
 11 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 li 
 
 1848 
 
 John Lindsay, 
 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 
 li 
 
 Jos. Hutchinson 
 
 1849 
 
 II 
 
 (C 
 
 11 
 
 (( 
 
 1850 
 
 II 
 
 (C 
 
 *' 
 
 li 
 
 1851 
 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 
 li 
 
 Peter Weyant. 
 
 1852 
 
 II 
 
 u 
 
 it 
 
 Wm. T.Forsyth 
 
 1853 
 
 II 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 il 
 
 1854 
 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 
 Joseph Moore, 
 
 u 
 
 J. A. Campbell. 
 
 1855 
 
 II 
 
 11 
 
 u 
 
 ii 
 
 1856 
 
 11 
 
 a 
 
 il 
 
 ii 
 
 1857 
 
 Joseph Moore, 
 
 J. A Campbell, 
 
 il 
 
 Wm. T. Forsyth 
 
 1858 
 
 11 
 
 ii 
 
 Jas. Hutchinson 
 
 li 
 
 1859 
 
 II 
 
 a 
 
 ii 
 
 * ' 
 
 1860 
 
 J. A. Campbell, 
 
 W. T. Forsyth, 
 
 " 
 
 John Williams. 
 
 1861 
 
 II 
 
 il 
 
 il 
 
 (( 
 
 1862 
 
 u 
 
 M. Errickson, 
 
 li 
 
 li 
 
 1863 
 
 M. Errickson, 
 
 John Williams, 
 
 (( 
 
 Chas. Conard. 
 
 1864 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 (( 
 
 11 
 
 1865 
 
 11 
 
 '-' 
 
 ii 
 
 li 
 
 1866 
 
 John Williams, 
 
 Chas. Conard, 
 
 11 
 
 Samuel Rain. 
 
 1867 
 
 II 
 
 (( 
 
 '' 
 
 t( 
 
 1868 
 
 II 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 " 
 
 1869 
 
 Chas. Conard, 
 
 Samuel Rain, 
 
 11 
 
 Thos. F.Shuster 
 
 1870 
 
 11 ' 
 
 a 
 
 11 
 
 U 
 
 1871 
 
 11 
 
 ■■' 
 
 '( 
 
 il 
 
 1872 
 
 Samuel Rain, 
 
 Thos. F.Shuster 
 
 u 
 
 Wm. T. Forsyth 
 
 1873 
 
 11 
 
 ii 
 
 u 
 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 67 
 
 YEAK. 
 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1830 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 VICE-PRESID'T. 
 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Thos.F.Shuster, 
 
 Walter Allison, 
 
 u 
 ti 
 
 G-eorg* "Watson, 
 
 ti 
 William Eyre, 
 
 Thomas Marsh, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 
 Thos.F.Shuster, 
 Wm. T. Forsyth 
 
 Walter Allison, 
 George Watson, 
 
 William Eyre, 
 
 a 
 It 
 
 Jacob Jones, 
 
 ti 
 
 It 
 Thomas Little, 
 
 TREAS0REE. 
 
 J. A. Campbell, 
 
 Henry Shuster, 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 Wm. T. Forsyth 
 George Watson. 
 
 William Eyre. 
 
 tt 
 Hibbard Yarnall 
 
 u 
 
 It 
 
 Thomas Little. 
 
 tt 
 S. R. Marriner. 
 
68 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 
 
 WARDENS. 
 
 1762. 
 
 James Worrell. 
 
 1777. 
 
 
 1763. 
 
 Gunning Bedford 
 
 1778. 
 
 
 1764. 
 
 James Pearson. 
 
 1779. 
 
 Silas Engles. 
 
 1765. 
 
 Thomas Nevell. 
 
 1780. 
 
 George Forepaugh. 
 
 1766. 
 
 Joseph Rush. 
 
 1781. 
 
 Samiiel McClure. 
 
 1767. 
 
 Abraham Carlile. 
 
 1782. 
 
 
 1768. 
 
 Joseph Eakestraw. 1783. 
 
 
 1769. 
 
 James Bringhurst. 1784. 
 
 George Engles. 
 
 1770. 
 
 James Armitage. 
 
 1785. 
 
 William Williams. 
 
 1771. 
 
 Samuel Powell. 
 
 1786. 
 
 Matthias Saddler. 
 
 1772. 
 
 William Lownes. 
 
 17»7 
 
 Samuel Jones and 
 . William Linnard. 
 
 1773. 
 
 William Robinson. 
 
 1774. 
 
 Thomas Proctor. 
 
 1788. 
 
 William Garrigues. 
 
 1775. 
 
 Joseph Ogilby. 
 
 1789. 
 
 William Stevenson. 
 
 1776. 
 
 George Wood. 
 
 I 
 
 1790. 
 
 Thomas Savory. 
 
 
 :ncorporated 1790. 
 
 
 1791. 
 
 1797. 
 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 
 Joseph Eakestraw, 
 
 Joseph Morris, 
 
 A. C. Ireland. 
 
 John Hall, 
 
 Jacob CoUaday, 
 
 
 Conrad Bartling. 
 
 Daniel Knight. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1803. 
 
 
 1792. 
 
 1798. 
 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 
 Nathan A. Smith, 
 
 Jacob Colladay, 
 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 
 John Hall, 
 
 Daniel Knight, 
 
 John How. 
 
 Conrad Bartling, 
 
 Samuel Wayne. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1804. 
 
 
 1793. 
 
 1799. 
 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 
 Conrad Bartling, 
 
 Daniel Knight, 
 
 John How, 
 
 Nathan A. Smith, 
 
 Samuel Wayne, 
 
 Frederick Forepaugh. 
 
 John Wilson. 
 
 George Summers. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1805. 
 
 
 1794. 
 
 1800. 
 
 John How, 
 
 Nathan A. Smith, 
 
 Samuel Wayne, 
 
 Frederick Forepaugh, 
 
 Ebenzer Eerguson, 
 
 George Summers, 
 
 David Flickwir. 
 
 In; 
 
 place of J. Wilson, 
 
 Jacob Lybrand. 
 
 
 Joseph Morris. 
 
 
 1806. 
 
 
 
 
 Frederick Forepaugh, 
 David Flickwir, 
 
 
 1795. 
 
 1801. 
 
 Ebenzer Ferguson, 
 
 George Summers, 
 
 William Palmer. 
 
 Joseph Morris, 
 
 Jacob Lybrand, 
 
 
 Jacoh 
 
 Colladay. 
 
 Jonathan Roberts. 
 
 1807. 
 David Flickwir, 
 
 
 1796. 
 
 1802. 
 
 William Palmer, 
 
 Same 
 
 as 1795. 
 
 Jacob Lybrand, 
 
 Philip Justus. 
 
OFFICERS OP THE COMPANY. 
 
 69 
 
 1808. 
 William Palmer, 
 Philip Justus, 
 Jesse Williamson. 
 
 1809. 
 Philip Justus, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Michael Baker. 
 
 1818. 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 John Warner, 
 Samuel Baker. 
 
 1819. 
 John Warner, 
 Samuel Baker, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1828. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Henry L. Coryell. 
 
 1829. 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Henry L. Coryell, 
 D. Henry Flickwir. 
 
 ,1810. 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Michael Baker, 
 Richard Chamberlain. 
 
 1820. 
 Samuel Baker, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hall, resigned. 
 
 1830. 
 Henry L. Coryell, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James E. Greeves. 
 
 1811. 
 Michael Baker, 
 Richard Chamberlain, 
 Cornelius Stevenson. 
 
 1812. 
 Richard Chamberlain, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 Isaac Forsyth. 
 
 1813. 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 Isaac Forsyth, 
 John Adolph. 
 
 1814. 
 Isaac Forsyth, 
 John Adolph, 
 John O'Neill. 
 
 1815. 
 John Adolph, 
 John O'Neill, 
 William Hause. 
 
 1816. 
 John O'Neill, 
 William Hause, 
 Joseph Eberth. 
 
 1817. 
 William Hause, 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 John Warner. 
 
 1821. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Joseph Strahan, 
 William P. Paxson, 
 
 1831. 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James E. Greeves, 
 Daniel Smith. 
 
 1822. 1832. 
 
 Joseph Strahan, James R. Greeves, 
 
 William P. Paxson, Dec'd.Daniel Smith, 
 George Linck. Joseph Hutchinson. 
 
 1823. 
 James Clark, 
 George Linck, 
 Finnix Stretcher, 
 
 1824. 
 George Linck, 
 Finnix Stretcher, 
 James Weer. 
 
 1825. 
 Finnix Stretcher, 
 James Weer, 
 Jacob Kenderdine. 
 
 1826. 
 James Weer, 
 Jacob Kenderdine, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 
 1827. 
 Jacob Kenderdine, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Ralph H. Smith. 
 
 1833. 
 Daniel Smith, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Daniel E. Knight. 
 f 
 
 1834. 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 Moses Lancaster. 
 
 1835. 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 Moses Lancaster, 
 John Lindsay. 
 
 1836. 
 Moses Lancaster, 
 John Lindsay, 
 William C. Hancock. 
 
 1837. 
 John Lindsay, 
 William C. Hancock, 
 Samuel Copeland. 
 
70 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 1838. 
 William C. Hancock, 
 Samuel Copelaud, 
 Robert A. Govett. 
 
 1839. 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 Robert A. Govett, 
 Edward Turner. 
 
 1840. 
 Robert A. Govett, 
 Edward Turner, 
 Joseph C. Wills. 
 
 1841. 
 Edward Turner, 
 Joseph C. Wills, 
 George R. Lawton. 
 
 1842. 
 Joseph C. Wills, 
 George R. Lawton, 
 Jacob Thomas. 
 
 1843. 
 George Myers, 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 Theodore Colladay. 
 
 1844. 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Jesse Williamson. 
 
 1845. 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Michael Errickson. 
 
 1848. 
 William T. Forsyth, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Joseph Govett. 
 
 1849. 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Joseph Govett, 
 Samuel Williamson. 
 
 1850. 
 Joseph Govett, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 James Wood. 
 
 1851. 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 James Wood, 
 Henry J. Bockius. 
 
 1852. 
 James Wood, 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 William F. Wilson. 
 
 1853. 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 William F. Wilson, 
 Thomas F. Shuster. 
 
 1854. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 John Williams. 
 
 1855. 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 John Williams, 
 Charles Kubicam. 
 
 1858. 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Walter Allison, 
 John Kilgore. 
 
 1859. 
 Walter Allison, 
 John Kilgore, 
 John Ketcham. 
 
 1860. 
 John Kilgore, 
 John Ketcham, 
 Edward Kelly. 
 
 1861. 
 John Ketcham, 
 Edward Kelly, 
 John Rice. 
 
 1862. 
 Edward Kelly, 
 John Rice, 
 Jacob Jones. 
 
 1863. 
 John Rice, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Henry Phillippe. 
 
 1864. 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 Philip Kramer. 
 
 1865. 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 Philip Kramer, 
 Edward K. Snow. 
 
 1846. 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 William T. Forsyth. 
 
 1847. 
 Michael Errickson, 
 William T. Forsyth, 
 Henry Shuster. 
 
 1856. 
 John Williams, 
 Charles Rubicam, 
 Samuel Rain. 
 
 1857. 
 Charles Rubicam, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Walter Allison. 
 
 1866. 
 Philip Kramer, 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 James G. Steele. 
 
 1867. 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 James G. Steele, 
 William Eyre. 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 71 
 
 1868. 
 James G. Steele, 
 William Eyre, 
 George Day. 
 
 1869. 
 William Eyre, 
 George Day, 
 Edward T. Miller. 
 
 1870. 
 George Day, 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 Samiuel R. Hopkins. 
 
 1871. 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 Samuel R. Hopkins, 
 Allen Bard. 
 
 1872. 
 Samuel E. Hopkins, 
 Allen Bard, 
 James H. Errickson. 
 
 1873. 
 Allen Bard, 
 James H. Errickson, 
 Thomas Marsh. 
 
 1874. 
 James H. Errickson, 
 Thomas Marsh, 
 George W. Ash, 
 
 1875. 
 Thomas Marsh, 
 George W. Ash, 
 Thomas Little. 
 
 1876. 
 George W. Ash, 
 Thomas Little, 
 James Buckingham. 
 
 1877. 
 Thomas Little, 
 James Buckingham, 
 Thomas Davis. 
 
 1878. 
 James Buckingham, 
 Thomas Davis, 
 Jacob S. Price. 
 
 1879. 
 Thomas Davis, 
 Jacob S. Price, 
 Charles M. Betts. 
 
 1880. 
 Jacob S. Price, 
 Charles M. Betts, 
 Samuel E. Marriner. 
 
 1881. 
 Charles M. Betts, 
 Samuel E. Marriner, 
 William B. Grubb. 
 
 1882. 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 William B. Grubb, 
 Theodore M. Keeney. 
 
 1883. 
 WiUiam B. Grubb, 
 Theodore M. Keeney, 
 Edward Mentz. 
 
 1884. 
 Theodore M. Keeney, 
 Edward Mentz, 
 Arthur H. Williams. 
 
 1885. 
 Edward Mentz, 
 Arthur H. Williams, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, Jr. 
 
 ■ 1886. 
 Arthur H. Williams, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, Jr., 
 Charles W. Devitt. 
 
 1887. 
 Thomas F. Shuster, Jr., 
 Charles W. Devitt, 
 J. Lindsay Little. 
 
 1888. 
 
72 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON BOOK OF PRICES. 
 
 This Committee was first appointed in 1724, and was regularly continued . 
 The names of its members before 1763 were on the Book of Minutes, missing 
 since about 1847. 
 
 1763 to 1767. 
 Eobert Smith, 
 John Thornhill, 
 Joseph Thornhill, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Benjamin Loxley, 
 Abraham Carlile, 
 James Worrell, 
 Wm. Dilworth, 
 John Goodwin, 
 James Pearson, 
 Joseph Rash. 
 
 1767 to 1772. 
 Robert Smith, 
 John Thornhill, 
 Joseph Thornhill, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Benjamin Loxley, 
 Abraham Carlile, 
 James Worrell, 
 John Goodwin, 
 James Pearson, 
 Joseph Rush, 
 Joseph Rakestraw. 
 
 1772. 
 Robert Smith, 
 John Thornhill, 
 Joseph Thornhill, 
 Gunning Beiford, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Benjamin Loxley, 
 Abraham Carlile, 
 James Worrell, 
 John Goodwin, 
 James Pearson, 
 Joseph Rush, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 James Bringhurst. 
 
 George Wood, 
 .Toseph Rhoads, 
 Wm. CoUaday. 
 
 1773. 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Robert Smith, 
 James Worrell, 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 Benj. Loxley, 
 Joseph Rhoads, 
 John Thornhill, 
 Jas. Bringhurst, 
 Jos. Rush, 
 AVm. Lojvnes, 
 Jos. Rakestraw, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 
 1774. 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Robert Smith, 
 James Worrell, 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 John Thornhill, 
 Jas. Bringhurst, 
 Jos. Rush, 
 Wm. Lownes, 
 Jos. Rakestraw, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 James Pearson, 
 Thomas Proctor. 
 
 1775. 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Robert Smith, 
 James Worrell, 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 James Bringhurst, 
 Wm. Lownes, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 James Pearson, 
 Wm. Colladay, 
 
 Robert Allison, 
 Benjamin Loxley, 
 
 1776. 
 Thomas Ncell, 
 Robert Smith, 
 James Worrell, 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 Wm. Lownes, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 Wm. Colladay, 
 Robert AUision, 
 Benjamin Loxley, 
 Abraham Carlile, 
 Joseph Ogilby, 
 
 No election of Commit- 
 tee from 1776 to 1780. 
 
 1781. 
 The Committee were 
 authorized to settle ac- 
 counts and collect rents. 
 Joseph Rhoads, 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 John Thornhill, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 John Keen. 
 
 1782. 
 Joseph Rhoads, 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 John Thornhill, 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 John Keen. 
 
 1783. 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 
UKFIUEKS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 {6 
 
 Ganning Bedford, 
 John Keen, 
 Robert Allison, 
 James Pearson, 
 Benjamin Loxley. 
 
 1784 and 1785. 
 
 (The Committee were 
 aathorized to transact all 
 business relating to the 
 Company.) 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 Ganning Bedford, 
 John Keen, 
 Robert Allison, 
 James Pearson, 
 Benjamin Loxley, 
 Joseph Rush, 
 Silas Engles, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 George Wood, 
 Wm. CoUaday, 
 Joseph Ogilby. 
 
 Making 13. 
 
 1786. 
 Ganning Bedford, 
 Thomas Novell, 
 James Pearson, 
 Silas Engles, 
 Jos. Ogilby, 
 Jos. Rakestraw, 
 Robert Allison, 
 jSam'l Jones, 
 Sam'l Pancoast, 
 Geo. Ingles, 
 Robert Evans, 
 Wm. Garrigaes, 
 Thos. Savory, 
 Geo. Forepaugh. 
 
 1787. 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 Jas. Pearson, 
 Silas Engles, 
 Jos. Ogilby, 
 Jos. Rakestraw, 
 
 Robert Allison, 
 William Williams, 
 Sam'l Jones, 
 Sam'l Pancoast, 
 Geo. Ingles, 
 Robert Evans, 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 Thos. Savery, 
 Geo. Forepaugh. 
 
 1788. 
 Ganning Bedford, 
 Jas. Pearson, 
 Silas Engles, 
 Jos. Ogilby, 
 Samuel Paincoast, 
 Wm. Garrigaes, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 George Ingles, 
 Robert Evans, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 Joseph Rakestraw. 
 
 1789. 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 Jas. Pearson, 
 Silas Fngles, 
 Jos. Ogilby, 
 Samuel Pancoast, 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 George Ingles, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 
 1790. 
 Gunning Bedford, 
 Jas. Pearson, 
 Silas Engles, 
 Jos. Ogilby, 
 Samuel Pancoast, 
 Wm. Garrigaes, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 Matthew Sadler, 
 Thomas Nevell, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 George Ingles, 
 Joseph Rakestraw, 
 Robert Evans, 
 
 William Linnard. 
 
 1791. 
 James Pearson, 
 George Ingles, 
 Joseph Ogilby, 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 Matthias Saddler, 
 William Linnard. 
 
 1792. 
 James Pearson, 
 George Ingles, 
 Joseph Ogilby, 
 Wm. Garrigaes, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 Matthias Saddler, 
 William Linnard. 
 
 1793. 
 James Pearson, 
 George Ingles, ' 
 Joseph Ogilby, 
 Samuel Pancoast, 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 William Linnard. 
 
 1794. 
 James Pearson, 
 George Ingles, 
 Wm. Garrigues, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 William Linnard, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 Thomas Savery. 
 
 1795. 
 John Keen, 
 Robert Allison, 
 Edward Garrigues, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 William Linnard, 
 William Garrigues, 
 James Pearson, 
 Silas Engles, 
 Joseph Morris. 
 
74 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 1796. 
 William Powell, 
 Jobn Keen, 
 William Garrignes, 
 Edward Garrigues, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 William Linnard, 
 James Pearson. 
 
 1797. 
 John Keen, 
 Edward Garrignes, 
 George Forepangh, 
 William Linnard, 
 James Pearson, 
 William Powell, 
 Joseph Morris. 
 
 1798-1799. 
 William Powell, 
 John Keeue, 
 Edward Garrignes, 
 George Forepangh, 
 William Linnard, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 Joseph Ogilby. 
 
 1800. 
 John Keen, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 Joseph Ogilby, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 Joseph Worrell, 
 William Powell, 
 James Pearson. 
 
 1801. 
 Daniel Knight, 
 William Powell, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 Alexander Steel, 
 John Hutchinson, 
 Thomas Savery. 
 
 1802. 
 Daniel Knight, 
 William Powell, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 
 George Forepaugh, 
 William Linnard, 
 James Pearson, 
 George Summers. 
 
 1803. 
 Daniel Knight, 
 William Powell, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 William Linnard, 
 James Pearson, 
 Jacob Colladay. 
 
 1804-1805. 
 Daniel Knight, 
 William Powell, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Forepaugh, 
 William Linnard, 
 Jacob Colladay, 
 Jonathan Roberts. 
 
 1806 and 1807. 
 Daniel Knight, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Summers, 
 Jonathan Eoberts, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 John D. Smith, 
 Jacob Lybrand. 
 
 1808 and 1809. 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Summers, 
 Jonathan Eoberts, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Jacob Lybrand, 
 David Flickwir, 
 John How. 
 
 1810 and 1811. 
 Joseph Jlorris, 
 Jonathan Roberts. 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Jacob Lybrand, 
 David Flickwir, 
 John How, 
 Fred. Forepaugh. 
 
 After this, the duties of 
 the Commitiee were di- 
 vided, the "Committee on 
 Book of Prices" was con- 
 tinued without re-ap- 
 pointment until 1817. 
 
 1812 to 1817. 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Summers, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Jacob Lybrand, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 George Forepangh, 
 Joseph Worrell, 
 Richard Ware, 
 Jobn D. Smith. 
 
 1817 to 1822. 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Joseph P. Zebley, 
 John How, 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 John O'Neill, 
 Joseph Morris. 
 
 1822 to 1826. 
 John O'Neill, 
 James Clark, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 Joseph Worrell, 
 William Wagner, 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1826. 
 Joseph Worrell, 
 John Gilder, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Michael Baker. 
 
 1827. 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 William Wagner, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 75 
 
 Daniel Knight, 
 .Toseph Morris, 
 John Gilder. 
 
 18 33. 
 John Gilder, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 William Wagner, 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John O'Neill. 
 
 1829. 
 John Gilder, 
 Geo. Senneif, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Charles Hicljs, 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 Joseph Strahan, 
 A. C. Ireland. 
 
 1830. 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 John O'Neill, 
 William Wagner, 
 John Gilder, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 1831. 
 John Gilder, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 Joseph Strahan, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 John O'Neill, 
 William Wagner. 
 
 1832. 
 Joseph Morris, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 William Wagner, 
 John O'Neill, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Charles Hick9, 
 John Gilder. 
 
 1833 to 183.5. 
 Geo. Senneff, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 John O'Neill, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 John Gilder. 
 
 1836 to 1842. 
 Joseph Morris, 
 John Gilder, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Philip Justus. 
 
 1813. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 John Gilder, 
 Philip Justus, 
 John Lindsay. 
 
 1844. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 John Gilder, 
 Daniel Smith, 
 John Lindsay, 
 D. H. Flickwir. 
 
 1845 to 1849. 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 John Gilder, 
 John Lindsay, 
 D. H. Flickwir. 
 
 1850. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 
 John Lindsay, 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1851 and 1852. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 John Lindsay, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 James A. Campbell. 
 
 1853. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Joseph Moore. 
 
 1854 and 1855. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogien, 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Joseph Moore, 
 Joseph Hutchinson. 
 
 1856 and 1858. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Joseph Moore, 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Theodore Colladay. 
 
 1859. 
 James A. Campbell, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Joseph Moore. 
 
JG 
 
 THE CAEPENTEEs' COMPANY. 
 
 1860. 
 Increased to nine mem- 
 bers, electing three an- 
 nually, to serve three 
 years. 
 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 John E. Hudden, 
 Joseph Moore, 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Michael Errickson 
 James A. Campbell, \ 
 Mark Balderston, | 
 Samuel Eain. > 
 
 1861. 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Mark Balderston, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Joseph Moore, 
 Eichard K. Betts. 
 
 1862. 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Mark Balderston. 
 Samuel Eain, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Joseph Moore, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Michael Errickson. 
 
 1863. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Joseph Moore, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 .James A. Campbell, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 Walter Allison. 
 
 1864. 
 Xumber reduced to 
 five, electing one each 
 year to seri-e five years. 
 
 John M. Ogden, 
 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 
 Michael Errickson, 
 
 James A. Campbell, 
 
 Samuel Eain, 
 
 Walter Allison, 
 
 Jas. Hutchinson, 5 years. 
 
 1865. 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 Walter Allison, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 5 years. 
 
 1866. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Jas. A. Campbell, 5 years, 
 Samuel Eain, 2 years. 
 Eichard K. Betts, 1 year. 
 
 1867. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 5 yrs. 
 
 1868. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Samuel Eain, 5 years. 
 
 1869. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 .Tames Hutchinson. 
 
 1870. 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1871. 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles Conard. 
 
 1872. 
 Samuel Eain, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles Conard, 
 William Eyre. 
 
 1873. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles Conard, 
 William Eyre. 
 Eichard K. Betts. 
 
 1874. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles Conard, 
 William Eyre, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison. 
 
 1875. 
 Charles Conard, 
 William Eyre, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1876. 
 William Eyre, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles Conard. 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 1877. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 AValter Allison, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 
 1881. 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 
 Samuel E. Marriner, John M. Ogden, 
 
 William Eyre. 
 
 1878. 
 Walter Allison, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1879. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 William Eyre. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison. 
 
 1880. 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1882. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 William Eyre. 
 
 1883. 
 Walter Allison, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Samuel E. Marriner, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1884. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 
 1885. 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 
 Samuel R. Marriner. Thomas Marsh. 
 
 1886. 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Thomas Marsh, 
 Samuel E. Marriner. 
 
 1887. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Thomas Marsh, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 Robert W. Strode. 
 
78 
 
 THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY. 
 
 MANAGING COMMITTEE. 
 
 In 1812, the "business affairs" of the Company were separated from those 
 of the "Book of Prices," and entrusted to a separate Committee, consisting 
 of nine members, three being elected annually, and each serving three years. 
 
 1812. 
 Michael Baker, 
 .Tonatlian Roberts. 
 David Fliekwir, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Jacob Ly brand, 
 George Summers, 
 John How. 
 
 1813. 
 Joseph Morris, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Jacob Ly brand, 
 George Summers, 
 John How, 
 AVm. Garrigues, (resig' 
 William Palmer, 
 Jesse Williamson. 
 
 1814. 
 Jacob Ly brand, 
 George Summers, 
 John How, 
 Joseph Zebley, 
 William Palmer, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 Michael Baker, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 
 1815. 
 Joseph Zebley, 
 William Palmer, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 Michael Baker, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Isaac Forsyth, 
 Daniel Knight. 
 
 1816. 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 Michael Baker, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Isaac Forsyth, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 John D. Smith, 
 Jacob Colladay, 
 James Corkrin. 
 
 1817. 
 A. C. Ireland, 
 Isaac Forsyth, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 John D. Smith, 
 Jacob Colladay. 
 James Corkrin, 
 d) Je.«se Williamson, 
 John O'Neill, 
 William Wagner. 
 
 1818. 
 John D. Smith, 
 Jacob Colladay, 
 James Corkrin, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 John O'Neill, 
 William Wagner, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Summers, 
 William Hause, 
 
 1819. 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 John O'Neill, 
 William Wagner, 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Summers, 
 William Hause, 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 James Mitchell. 
 
 1820. 
 Joseph Morris, 
 George Summers, 
 William Hause, 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 James Mitchell, 
 John D. Smith, (dec'd,) 
 Jacob Franks, 
 John Gilder. 
 
 1821. 
 Joseph Eberth, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 James Mitchell, 
 William Govett, 
 Jacob Franks, 
 .Tohn Gilder, 
 Samuel Baker, 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 Jesse Williamson. 
 
 1822. 
 William Govett, 
 Jacob Franks, 
 John Gilder, 
 Samuel Baker, 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 Jesse Williiimson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 Cornelius Stevenson. 
 
 1823. 
 Samuel Baker, 
 Jonathan Roberts, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 James M. Linnard, 
 Philip Justus, 
 Michael Baker. 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 79 
 
 1824. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 James M. Linnard, 
 Philip Justus, 
 Michael Baker, 
 James Clark, 
 John Gilder, 
 John O'Neill. 
 
 1825. 
 James M. Linnard, 
 Philip Justus, 
 Michael Baker, 
 James Clark, 
 John Gilder, 
 John O'Neill, 
 George Linck, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 James Mitchell. 
 
 1826. 
 James Clark, 
 John Gilder, 
 John O'Neill, 
 George Linck, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 James Mitchell, 
 Joseph Strahan, 
 Malcom McLeod, 
 Samuel Baker. 
 
 1827. 
 George Linck, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 James Mitchell, 
 Joseph Strahan, 
 Malcom McLeod, 
 Samuel Baker, 
 James Weer, 
 William Govett, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1828. 
 Jos. Strahan, 
 Malcom McLeod, 
 Samuel Baker, 
 James Weer, 
 
 Wm. Govett, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 John O'Neill, 
 Jacob Kenderdine, 
 Wm. Randolph. 
 
 1829. 
 James Weer, 
 Wm. Govett, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 John O'Neill, 
 Jacob Kenderdine, 
 William Randolph, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Charles Hicks. 
 
 1830. 
 John O'Neill, 
 Jacob Kenderdine, 
 William Randolph, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Cornelius Trimnel, 
 Cornelius Stevenson. 
 
 1831. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Cornelius Trimnel, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 Jos. Kberth, 
 Jos. Strahan. 
 
 1833. 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Cornelius Trimnel, 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 Jos. Eberth, 
 Jos. Strahan, 
 James Mitchell, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James Weer. 
 
 1833. 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 Jos. Eberth, 
 Jos. Strahan, 
 James Mitchell, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James Weer, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Wm. Wagner, 
 Daniel Knight. 
 
 1834. 
 James Mitchell, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James Weer, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Wm. Wagner, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 Daniel Smith, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 1835. 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Wm. Wagner, 
 Daniel Knight, 
 Daniel Smith, ' 
 Charles Hicks, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 George Linck, 
 Jos. Hutchinson. 
 
 1836. 
 Daniel Smith, 
 Charles Hicks, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 George Linck, 
 Jos. Hutchinson, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 Caleb Maule. 
 
 1837. 
 Jacob Ballenger, 
 George Linck, 
 Jos. Hutchinson, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 
80 
 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 Caleb Manle, 
 Moses Laucaster, 
 Philip Justus, 
 Wm. Bockius. 
 
 1838. 
 Daniel E. Knight, 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 Caleb Manle, 
 Moses Lancaster, 
 Philip Justus, 
 William Bockius, 
 Daniel Smith, 
 John Lindsay, 
 Ralph H. Smith. 
 
 1839. 
 Moses Lancaster, 
 Philip Justus, 
 William Bockius, 
 Daniel Smith, 
 John Lindsay, 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Wm. C. Hancock, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James Weer. 
 
 1840. 
 Daniel Smith, 
 John Lindsay, 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Wm. C. Hancock, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James Weer, 
 George Linck, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 Jos. Hutchinson. 
 
 1841. 
 Wm. C. Hancock, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 James Weer, 
 George Linck, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Edward Turner, 
 Robert A. Govett, 
 Jesse Williamson. 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 1842. 
 George Linck, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Edward Turner, 
 Robert A. Govett, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 .Tames M. Linnard, 
 George R. Lawton. 
 
 1843. 
 Edward Turner, 
 Robert A. Govett, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 James M. Linnard, 
 George E. Lawton, 
 Peter Weyant, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Robert O'Neill. 
 
 1844. 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 James M. Linnard, 
 George E. Lawton. 
 Peter Weyant, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 George Myers, 
 Jacob Amos, 
 Joseph Hutchinson. 
 
 1845. 
 Peter Weyant, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 George Myers, 
 Jacob Amos, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 Edward Turner. 
 
 1846. 
 George Myers, 
 Jacob Amos, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 Edward Turner, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 1847. 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 Edward Turner, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Daniel E. Knight. 
 
 1848. 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Henry Little, 
 Peter Weyant. 
 
 1849. 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Henry Little, 
 Peter Weyant, 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 George Myers, 
 Wm. T. Forsyth. 
 
 1850. 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Henry Little, 
 Peter Weyant, 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 George Myers, 
 Wm. T. Forsyth, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Henry Shuster. 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 81 
 
 1851. 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 George Myers, 
 Wm. T. Forsyth, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Joseph GoYett. 
 
 1852. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Daniel E. Knight, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Joseph Govett, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Michael Shaffer. 
 
 1853. 
 Daniel E. Knight, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Joseph Govett, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Michael Shaffer, 
 James Wood, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Jacob Amos. 
 
 1854. 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Michael Shaffer, 
 James Wood, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Jacob Amos, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Henry J- Bockius. 
 
 1855. 
 James Wood, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Jacob Amos, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 George Myers, 
 Eichard K. Betts. 
 
 1856. 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 George Myers, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Michael Errickson. 
 
 1857. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Michael Shaffer, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Michael Errickson^ 
 John Williams, 
 Daniel E. Knight, 
 Charles Conard. 
 
 1858. 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 John Williams, 
 Daniel E. Knight, 
 Charles Conard, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles A. Eubicam, 
 Henry J. Bockius. 
 
 1859. 
 John Williams, 
 Daniel E. Knight, 
 Charles Conard, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles A. Eubicam, 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Eichard K. Betts. 
 
 1860. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Charles A. Eubicam, 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Thomas F. Shuster. 
 
 1861. 
 Samuel Eain, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 John Killgore, 
 Henry Shuster. 
 
 1862. 
 Walter Allison, 
 Michael Errickson, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 D. H. Flickwir, 
 John Killgore, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 John Ketcham, 
 John Williams, 
 Henry J. Bockius. 
 
 1863. 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 John Killgore, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 John Ketcham, 
 John Williams, 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 Samuel Eain, 
 Eichard K. Betts, 
 Edward Kelley. 
 
 1864. 
 John Ketcham, 
 John Williams, 
 Henry J. Bockius, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 
82 
 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Edward Kelley, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 John Rice, 
 Thomas F. Shuster. 
 
 1865. 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Edward Kelley, 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 John Rice, 
 Thomas E. Shuster, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 "Walter Allison, 
 Jacob Jones. 
 
 1866. 
 Michael Errickson, 
 William Eyre, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Henry Shuster. 
 
 1867. 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Edward Kelley, 
 Philip Kramer, 
 John Ketcham. 
 
 1868. 
 Heni'y Phillippe, 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Edward Kelley, 
 Philip Kramer, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James A. Campbell. 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 1869. 
 Edward Kelley, 
 Philip Kramer, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Walter Allison, 
 James G. Steele. 
 
 1870. 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James A. Campbell, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Walter Allison, 
 James G. Steele, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 William Eyre, 
 Henry Phillippe. 
 
 1871. 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Walter Allison, 
 James G. Steele, 
 Henry Shuster, 
 William Eyre, 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 George Day, 
 Philip Kramer, 
 D. Henry Flickwir. 
 
 1872. 
 Henry Shuster, 
 William Eyre, 
 Henry Phillippe, 
 George Day, 
 Philip Kramer, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Edward T. Miller. 
 
 1873. 
 George Day, 
 Philip Kramer, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins. 
 
 1874. 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins, 
 Allen Bard, 
 William Eyre, 
 Edward Kelley. 
 
 1875. 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins, 
 Allen Bard, 
 William Eyre, 
 Edward Kelly, 
 James H. Errickson, 
 Aaron Doane, 
 Samuel R. Marriner. 
 
 1876. 
 Allen Bard, 
 William Eyre, 
 Edward Kelly, 
 James H. Errickson, 
 Aaron Doane, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Thomas Marsh. 
 
 1877. 
 James H. Errickson, 
 Aaron Doane, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Thomas Marsh, 
 George W. Ash, 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 Oliver Bradin. 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 83 
 
 1878. 
 D . Henry Flickwir, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Thomas Marsh, 
 George W. Ash, 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 Oliver Bradin, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Thomas Little, 
 Hibberd Yarnall. 
 
 1879. 
 George W. Ash, 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 Oliver Bradin, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Thomas Little, 
 Hibberd Yarnall, 
 James Buckingham, 
 Robert W. Strode, 
 James H. Errickson. 
 
 1880. 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Thomas Little, 
 Hibberd Yarnall, 
 James Buckingham, 
 Robert W. Strode, 
 James H. Errickson, 
 Abraham W. Haines, 
 Thomas Davis, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins. 
 
 1881. 
 James Buckingham, 
 Robert W. Strode, 
 
 James H. Errickson, 
 Abraham W. Haines, 
 Thomas Davis, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins, 
 Jacob S. Price, 
 William Devitt, 
 Thomas F. Shuster. 
 
 1882. 
 Abraham W. Haines, 
 Thomas Devitt, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins, 
 Jacob S. Price, 
 William Devitt, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Charles M. Betts, 
 Henry Little. 
 
 1883. 
 Jacob S. Price, 
 William Devitt, 
 Thomas F. Shuster, 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Charles M. Betts, 
 Henry Little, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Charles C. Muller. 
 
 1884. 
 Jacob Jones, 
 Charles M. Betts, 
 Henry Little, 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Charles C. Muller, 
 
 Abraham W. Haines, 
 Thomas Davis, 
 William B. Grubb. 
 
 1885. 
 Samuel R. Marriner, 
 Samuel Rain, 
 Charles C. Muller, 
 Abraham W. Haines, 
 Thomas Davis, 
 William B. Grubb, 
 Samuel E. Furman, 
 Theodore M. Keeney, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins. 
 
 1886. 
 Abraham W. Haines, 
 Thomas Davis, 
 William B. Grubb, 
 Samuel E. Furman, 
 Theodore M. Keeney, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins, 
 Edward Mentz, 
 Walter Allison, 
 John O'Donnell. 
 
 1887. 
 Samuel E. Furman, 
 Theodore M. Keeney, 
 Samuel K. Hopkins, 
 Edward Mentz, 
 Walter Allison, 
 John O'Donnell, 
 George Watson, 
 Oliver Bradin, 
 Arthur H. Williams. 
 
84 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 LIBRARY COMMITTEE. 
 
 (The Lilivary was placed under the care of a separate Committee in 1853, 
 elected annually. ) 
 
 1853. 
 John JI. Ogden, 
 Robert O'Neill, 
 Daniel E. Knight, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Charles A. Rubicam. 
 
 . 1854. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John McClure, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1855. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John McClure, 
 "William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1856. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John McClure, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1857. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John McClure, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Daniel R. Knight. 
 
 1858. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John Lindsay, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1859. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John Lindsay, 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1860. 
 
 The Committee reduced 
 to 3 members, electing 
 one annually, to serve 
 three years. 
 
 John M. Ogden, 
 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 
 James Hutcliinson. 
 
 1861. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1862. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1863. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 1864. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1865. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Be>tts. 
 
 1866. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 1867. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1868. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1869. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 1870. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Edward Kelley. 
 
 1871. 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Edward Kelley, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1872. 
 Edward Kelley, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 1873. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 85 
 
 1874. 
 William Eyre, 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1875. 
 Joha M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 William Eyre. 
 
 1876. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 William Eyre, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1879. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Mordica Davies, 
 William Eyre. 
 
 1880. 
 Mordica Davies, 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1881. 
 William Eyre, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Mordica Davies. 
 
 1884. 
 J. Louis Moore, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Edvrin Bender. 
 
 1885. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Edwin Bender, 
 George Watson. 
 
 1886. 
 Edwin Bender, 
 George Watson, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1877. 
 William Eyre, 
 John M. Ogden. 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1878. 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Philip Kramer. 
 
 1882. 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Mordica Davies, 
 J. Louis Moore. 
 
 1883. 
 Mordica Davies, 
 J. Louis Moore, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 1887. 
 George Watson, 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 Fdwiu Bender. 
 
LIST OF NAMES 
 
 OP 
 
 THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 ORIGINAL ASSOCIATORS. 
 
 DECEASED. 
 
 JOSEPH HENMARSH.t 
 JAMES POETIUS, 1734. 
 
 SAMUEL POWELL, t 
 JACOB USHER, t 
 EDMOND WOOLLEY,t 
 
 DECEASED. 
 
 JOSEPH HARRISON, t 
 JOHN NICHOLS, t 
 JOHN HARRISON,! 
 BENJAMIN CLAEK.t 
 ISAAC ZANE.t 
 
 MEMBERS BY ELECTION. 
 
 ELECTED. DECEASED. 
 
 ELECTED. 
 
 DECEASED. 
 
 *William Clark, f 
 
 
 *Abraham Carlile, 
 
 1778. 
 
 *Edwar(i Warner, f 
 
 
 *James Davis, 
 
 1774. 
 
 *Samuel Ehoads, 
 
 1784. 
 
 *Ellis Price, 
 
 1779. 
 
 *Ebenezer Tomlinson, 
 
 1767. 
 
 *Gunning Bedford, 
 
 1802. 
 
 *Reese Loyd,t 
 
 
 *Thomas Nevell, 
 
 1797. 
 
 * Joseph Rakestraw,t 
 
 
 *James Armitage, 
 
 1807. 
 
 *Tobias Griscom,t 
 
 
 *Samuel Griscom, 
 
 1793. 
 
 *John Mifflin,t 
 
 
 * James Pearson, 
 
 1813. 
 
 * William Coleman, f 
 
 
 *John Wayne, 
 
 1769. 
 
 *Jolm Price, t 
 
 
 *Wjlliam Roberts, 
 
 1808. 
 
 * Joseph Hitchcock, t 
 
 
 *Levi Budd, 
 
 1790. 
 
 * Jacob Lewis, t 
 
 
 *George Plim, 
 
 1775. 
 
 *Joseph Fox, 
 
 1780. 
 
 *Isaac Lafever, 
 
 1779. 
 
 *Josepb Thornhill, 
 
 1797. 
 
 *Richard Armitt, 
 
 1790. 
 
 *John Thornhill, 
 
 1784. 
 
 *James Potter, 
 
 1809. 
 
 1736. Robert Smith, 
 
 1778. 
 
 *Benjamin Mifflin, 
 
 1786. 
 
 *Beiijamin Loxley, 
 
 1798. 
 
 *George Wood, 
 
 1818. 
 
 * James Worrell, 
 
 1797. 
 
 *Ezekeiel Worrell, 
 
 1781. 
 
 *John Goodwin, 
 
 1774. 
 
 *Josiah Harper, 
 
 1767. 
 
 ^ Date of Election not ascertained. 
 
 t Date of Decease not ascertained. 
 
MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 87 
 
 LECTE 
 
 D. DEC 
 
 EASED. 
 
 ELECTEE 
 
 DECEASED. 
 
 
 *Josepli Rakestraw, 
 
 1794. 
 
 1773. William Williams, 
 
 1794. 
 
 
 *Silas Engles, 
 
 1804. 
 
 " Robert Allison, 
 
 1811. 
 
 
 *Joseph Eush, 
 
 1787. 
 
 1774. George Forepaugh, 
 
 1817. 
 
 
 *Joseph Rhoads, 
 
 1784. 
 
 ' ' Samuel McClure, 
 
 1790. 
 
 
 *Isaac Coates, Rd. 
 
 1784. 
 
 1775. Joseph Few, 
 
 1798. 
 
 
 *Nathaniel Irish, Ex. 
 
 1769. 
 
 1779. John Smith, 
 
 1804. 
 
 
 *Patrick Craghead, 
 
 1782. 
 
 1781. Matthias Saddler, 
 
 1798. 
 
 
 *William McMuUin, 
 
 1770. 
 
 1782. James Gibson, 
 
 1809. 
 
 
 *William Dilworth, 
 
 1776. 
 
 " George Ingles, 
 
 1827. 
 
 
 *Robert Carson, 
 
 1775. 
 
 " William McDowell, 
 
 1790. 
 
 1763. 
 
 James Bringhurst, 
 
 1792. 
 
 " Frazer Kinsley, 
 
 1790. 
 
 (( 
 
 William Rakestraw, 
 
 1775. 
 
 ' ' Evan Evans, 
 
 1786. 
 
 (( 
 
 John Hitchcock, 
 
 1769. 
 
 " William Linnard, 
 
 1834. 
 
 ii 
 
 Joshua Pancoast, 
 
 1770. 
 
 " James Corkrin, 
 
 1823. 
 
 u 
 
 Lawrence Price, 
 
 1768. 
 
 ' 1783. Joseph Thornhill, 
 
 1791. 
 
 li 
 
 Evans Peters, 
 
 1779. 
 
 j 1784. Joseph Rakestraw, Jr., 
 
 1791. 
 
 
 *\Villiam Lownes, Ex. 
 
 , 1809. 
 
 " John King, 
 
 1805. 
 
 
 *Samuel Powell, 
 
 1815. 
 
 " William Moore, Ex. 
 
 , 1790. 
 
 
 *Joseph G-ridley, 
 
 1782. 
 
 1785. Andrew Boyd, 
 
 1797. 
 
 
 *William Robinson, 
 
 1808. 
 
 " Conrad Bartling, 
 
 1838. 
 
 
 *James Grainsbury, 
 
 1800. 
 
 1 " John Donahue, Ex. 
 
 1790. 
 
 
 *Jacob Reaary, 
 
 1782. 
 
 " John Eugan, 
 
 1836. 
 
 1769. 
 
 Thomas Shoemaker, 
 
 1799. 
 
 " MarkRodes, 
 
 1830. 
 
 (( 
 
 David Evans, Ex. 
 
 , 1815. 
 
 1 " John Harrison, 
 
 1801. 
 
 U 
 
 William CoUaday, 
 
 1823. 
 
 " John Cooper, 
 
 1802. 
 
 1770 
 
 Abram Jones, 
 
 1781. 
 
 1 Members of Friendship Car- 
 
 li 
 
 Thomas Middleton, 
 
 1771. 
 
 penters' Company. Merged 
 
 (( 
 
 William Boyer, 
 
 177.=^. 
 
 into this Company, 1st mo 
 
 , 
 
 (( 
 
 William Ashton, Ex 
 
 , 1798. 
 
 i 16a, 1786. 
 
 
 u 
 
 John Trip, 
 
 1805. 
 
 
 ' Robert Evans. 
 
 1809. 
 
 u 
 
 Andrew Edge, 
 
 1786. 
 
 1 
 
 Joseph Wetherill, 
 
 1820. 
 
 11 
 
 Samuel Jarvis, 
 
 1802. 
 
 
 Hugh Roberts, 
 
 1790. 
 
 li 
 
 Samuel Wallis, 
 
 1798. 
 
 1 
 
 William Garrigues, 
 
 1832. 
 
 '^ 
 
 Benjamin Mitchell, 
 
 1790. 
 
 
 Isaac Jones, 
 
 1807. 
 
 li 
 
 Matthew McGlathery, 
 
 1800. 
 
 
 Samuel Pancoast, 
 
 1834. 
 
 1771 
 
 John Milflin, 
 
 1786. 
 
 ! a 
 i 5 
 
 Matthew Val Keen, 
 
 1807. 
 
 11 
 
 Samuel Caruthers, 
 
 1780. 
 
 William Stevenson, 
 
 1817. 
 
 U 
 
 John Allis, 
 
 1772. 
 
 ft- 
 
 Robert Morrell, 
 
 1806. 
 
 1772 
 
 . Moses Thomas, 
 
 1780. 
 
 IS 
 
 Richard Moseley, 
 
 1800. 
 
 (1 
 
 Thomas Proctor, 
 
 1806. 
 
 
 John Reiuhard, 
 
 1816. 
 
 cc 
 
 Adam Zantzinger, 
 
 1798. 
 
 
 Samuel Pastorius, Ex 
 
 , 1798. 
 
 1( 
 
 John Keen, 
 
 1832. 
 
 John Barker, 
 
 1791. 
 
 (( 
 
 Joseph Evans, 
 
 1792. 
 
 
 Josiah Matlack, 
 
 1802. 
 
 (( 
 
 Joseph Govett, 
 
 1795, 
 
 
 John Piles, 
 
 1790. 
 
 1773 
 
 . John Lort, Jr., 
 
 1794. 
 
 1 
 
 Joseph Clark, 
 
 1798. 
 
 (( 
 
 Joseph Ogilby, 
 
 1809. 
 
 1 
 
 .William Zane, Ex 
 
 ., 1805. 
 
 *. Date of Election not ascertained. 
 
88 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 ELECTE 
 
 D. 
 
 DECEASED. 
 
 BmCTElJ. DECEASED. 
 
 
 ' Benjamin Mitchell, 
 
 
 1816. 
 
 1795. 
 
 Jacob Comly, 
 
 1826. 
 
 >! 
 
 Thomas Savery, 
 
 
 1818. 
 
 te 
 
 George Summers, 
 
 1823. 
 
 a 
 
 Nathan Allen Smith, 
 
 1824. 
 
 il 
 
 John Hutchinson, 
 
 1836. 
 
 Samuel Talbert, 
 
 
 1790. 
 
 u 
 
 Jacob Evans, Ex. 
 
 1803. 
 
 6 
 
 Samuel Jones, 
 
 
 1796. 
 
 1796. 
 
 Jacob Nice, 
 
 1818. 
 
 .2* 
 
 John Hall, 
 
 
 1797. 
 
 (( 
 
 John Adolph, 
 
 1843. 
 
 1 
 
 Jonathan Dilworth 
 
 Ex 
 
 1787. 
 
 11 
 
 John Smith, Ed. 
 
 1820. 
 
 a 
 .2 
 
 Israel Hallowell, 
 
 
 1790. 
 
 U 
 
 Malcolm McLeod, 
 
 1841. 
 
 C:^ 
 
 William Griffiths, 
 
 
 1799. 
 
 U 
 
 Eichard Chamberlain, 
 
 1824. 
 
 
 -Joseph Howell, 
 
 
 1798. 
 
 (( 
 
 Isaac Carlile, Ex. 
 Elisha Thomas, 
 AVilliam Hopkinson, Ex 
 
 1815. 
 
 1810. 
 
 . 1809. 
 
 1786. 
 
 Ebenezer Furguson 
 
 
 18,36. 
 
 " 
 
 (( 
 
 Francis McClister, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 1787. 
 
 " 
 
 David Flickwir, 
 
 1813. 
 
 (( 
 
 Alexander Hall, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 1790. 
 
 " 
 
 Jacob Lybrant, 
 
 1817. 
 
 1787. 
 
 Jonathan Evans, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 1800. 
 
 (1 
 
 William Govett, 
 
 1852. 
 
 u 
 
 James Craig, 
 
 
 1798. 
 
 1797. 
 
 John Cox, 
 
 1813. 
 
 1788. 
 
 Joseph Worrell, 
 
 
 1840. 
 
 1798. 
 
 Isaac Perkins, 
 
 1808. 
 
 1( 
 
 John Wilson, 
 
 
 1793. 
 
 U 
 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 
 1852. 
 
 (C 
 
 John Harrison, 
 
 
 1801. 
 
 .( 
 
 Jonathan Eoberts, 
 
 1832. 
 
 (t 
 
 James Boyer, 
 
 
 1823. 
 
 1799 
 
 Jacob Mansfield, 
 
 1803. 
 
 1791. 
 
 George Snowdeu, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 1815. 
 
 " 
 
 Alphonso C. Ireland, 
 
 1832. 
 
 (( 
 
 Daniel Knight, 
 
 
 1838. 
 
 u 
 
 John Derbyshire, 
 
 1811. 
 
 U 
 
 William Krider, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 1815. 
 
 " 
 
 Peter Gable, 
 
 1849. 
 
 a 
 
 Alexander Steel, 
 
 
 1818. 
 
 1800 
 
 John How, 
 
 1830. 
 
 1792. 
 
 Jacob Colladay, 
 
 
 1826. 
 
 11 
 
 Frekerick Forepaugh, 
 
 1811. 
 
 u 
 
 Joseph Morris, 
 
 
 1847. 
 
 a 
 
 Owen Biddle, 
 
 1807. 
 
 (t 
 
 Abraham Colladay, 
 
 
 1851. 
 
 u 
 
 Joseph Cowgill, 
 
 1813. 
 
 f ( 
 
 Philip Kellinger, 
 
 
 1793. 
 
 *' 
 
 William McMuUin, 
 
 1814. 
 
 (( 
 
 Eobert Jordan, 
 
 
 1797. 
 
 it 
 
 William Palmer, 
 
 1815. 
 
 " 
 
 Benjamin Thornton, 
 
 1797. 
 
 1801 
 
 Samuel Eobinson, 
 
 1807. 
 
 t ( 
 
 Benjamin Paschall, 
 
 
 1801. 
 
 " 
 
 David Gray, Ex. 
 
 , 1824. 
 
 (C 
 
 Matthew Crozier, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 , 1805. 
 
 " 
 
 Philip Justus, 
 
 1861. 
 
 1793. 
 
 Samuel Wayne, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 , 1809. 
 
 (c 
 
 James McGlathery, 
 
 1817. 
 
 (( 
 
 William Powell, 
 
 
 1824. 
 
 18U2 
 
 Finnix Stretcher, 
 
 1846. 
 
 il 
 
 Edward Garrigues, 
 
 Ed. 
 
 , 1845. 
 
 1( 
 
 Samuel Baker, Jr., 
 
 1816. 
 
 11 
 
 Samuel Johnson, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 , 1805. 
 
 a 
 
 Joseph Corbitt, 
 
 1816. 
 
 1794 
 
 Samuel Simes, 
 
 
 1795. 
 
 f 
 
 William Eeinhard, 
 
 1803. 
 
 " 
 
 Edward Mullock, 
 
 
 1801. 
 
 1803 
 
 John Eowen, 
 
 1820. 
 
 i( 
 
 Aaron Clark, 
 
 
 1798. 
 
 1 " 
 
 James Cooper, Ex. 
 
 , 1816. 
 
 " 
 
 David Paul, 
 
 
 1852. 
 
 ! *^ 
 
 William Coles, 
 
 1854. 
 
 (f 
 
 Thomas Lancaster, 
 
 
 1858. 
 
 1 (( 
 
 John Sands, 
 
 1845. 
 
 u 
 
 Isaac Davis, 
 
 Ex. 
 
 1799. 
 
 i 
 
 Cornelius Trimnel, 
 
 1841. 
 
 " 
 
 Jacob Ziegler, 
 
 
 1822. 
 
 ' ti 
 
 Michael Baker, 
 
 1852. 
 
 " 
 
 Daniel Leach, 
 
 
 1798. 
 
 ' 1804 
 
 Jacob Eeinhard, 
 
 1835. 
 
 u 
 
 Charles Ehoads, 
 
 
 1810. 
 
 u 
 
 Thomas Pickands, 
 
 1811. 
 
 u 
 
 James Stuart, 
 
 
 1813. 
 
 (( 
 
 Thomas Carstairs, 
 
 1830. 
 
 u 
 
 John Sproul, 
 
 
 1794. 
 
 1805 
 
 . Joseph Eberth, 
 
 1831. 
 
 (( 
 
 Samuel Paul, 
 
 
 1845. 
 
 1807 
 
 Isaac Forsythe, 
 
 1820. 
 
MEMBERS OF THE COMPAJ^Y. 
 
 89 
 
 ELECTl 
 
 ID. DECEASED, j 
 
 ELECTED. DECEASED. 
 
 1807. 
 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 
 1842. 
 
 1823. 
 
 Theodore Colladay, 
 
 1862. 
 
 a 
 
 Henry Hurst, 
 
 1831. 
 
 t( 
 
 Joseph S. Colladay, 
 
 1827. 
 
 1808. 
 
 John C. Thompson, 
 
 1829. 
 
 IL 
 
 Charles J. Colladay, 
 
 1858. 
 
 1809. 
 
 Joseph Frank, Jr., 
 
 1828. 
 
 " 
 
 William Bockius, 
 
 1848. 
 
 H 
 
 William Wagner, 
 
 1865. 
 
 " 
 
 Isaac Shunk, 
 
 1855. 
 
 a 
 
 Joseph P. Zehley, 
 
 1821. 
 
 it 
 
 Jacob Zeigler, 
 
 1848. 
 
 n 
 
 John O'Neil, 
 
 1835. 
 
 1824. 
 
 James R. Greaves, 
 
 1870. 
 
 a 
 
 John G. Hoskins, Ed. 
 
 1833. 
 
 it 
 
 D. Henry Flickwir, 
 
 1881 
 
 *' 
 
 John Warner, 
 
 1843. 
 
 •' 
 
 Seth Roberts, 
 
 1834. 
 
 i( 
 
 Cornelius Stevenson, 
 
 1860. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Hutchinson, 
 
 1882. 
 
 *' 
 
 James Mitchell, 
 
 1851. 
 
 1826. 
 
 John Chamberlain, 
 
 1868. 
 
 1810. 
 
 Sampson Davis, 
 
 1815. 
 
 1827. 
 
 Joseph Randall, 
 
 1856. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Simes, 
 
 1846. 
 
 1828. 
 
 George R. Harmstead, 
 
 1863. 
 
 it 
 
 Joseph Stiahan, 
 
 1834. 
 
 (( 
 
 Joseph Smith, 
 
 1843. 
 
 (( 
 
 Richard Ware, Ex. 
 
 1820. 
 
 u 
 
 Daniel Smith, * 
 
 1865. 
 
 11 
 
 Samuel Baker, 
 
 1827. 
 
 18>9. 
 
 Daniel R. Knight, 
 
 1871. 
 
 1811. 
 
 James Weir, 
 
 1856. 
 
 it 
 
 Thomas Hutchinson, 
 
 1882. 
 
 ({ 
 
 John Lancaster, 
 
 1834. 
 
 il 
 
 Bethuel A. Moore, 
 
 1851. 
 
 a 
 
 Moses Lancaster, 
 
 1879. 
 
 1830. 
 
 Jacob Backman, 
 
 1862. 
 
 t( 
 
 John Gilder, 
 
 1854. 
 
 1831. 
 
 Samuel Copeland, 
 
 1860. 
 
 a 
 
 William Hause, 
 
 1857. 
 
 i( 
 
 William C. Hancock, 
 
 18.56. 
 
 1812. 
 
 Charles Blane, 
 
 1817. 
 
 11 
 
 John Lindsay, 
 
 1863. 
 
 il 
 
 John Parham, 
 
 1866. 
 
 " 
 
 Edward Turner, 
 
 1852. 
 
 ( t 
 
 James Lirdel, 
 
 1822. 
 
 1832. 
 
 James A. Campbell, 
 
 1880. 
 
 1813. 
 
 Alexander Wilson, Ex. 
 
 , 1823. 
 
 1833 
 
 George Myers. 
 
 
 ki 
 
 James Clark, 
 
 1841. 
 
 11 
 
 George Haas, 
 
 1844. 
 
 " 
 
 Alexander Ramsey, 
 
 1822. 
 
 li 
 
 Jonathan Johnson, 
 
 1882. 
 
 1814. 
 
 Joseph Lyndall, 
 
 1822. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert A. Govett, 
 
 1868. 
 
 u 
 
 James Hall, 
 
 1846. 
 
 U 
 
 Joseph Govett, 
 
 1873. 
 
 " 
 
 John Howell, 
 
 1829. 
 
 il 
 
 James Stewart, 
 
 1856. 
 
 t< 
 
 William Randolph, 
 
 1837. 
 
 il 
 
 William Weer, 
 
 1857. 
 
 1815. 
 
 Charles Hicks, 
 
 1855. 
 
 li 
 
 George Day, 
 
 1883. 
 
 U 
 
 Jacob Ballinger, 
 
 1846. 
 
 il 
 
 S. Smith Leigh, 
 
 1871. 
 
 1816 
 
 George Linck, 
 
 1861. 
 
 li 
 
 Jacob Amos, 
 
 1865. 
 
 (1 
 
 John M. Ogden, 
 
 1882. 
 
 il 
 
 William H. Ellis, 
 
 1862. 
 
 a 
 
 Isaac H. Griffith, 
 
 1820. 
 
 li 
 
 Robert T. Knight, 
 
 1873. 
 
 11 
 
 William P. Paxon, 
 
 1822. 
 
 1834 
 
 Joseph Moore, 
 
 1861. 
 
 1817. 
 
 Samuel Webb, Ed. 
 
 , 1857. 
 
 it 
 
 Samuel Williamson, 
 
 1875. 
 
 u 
 
 Henry Erdman, 
 
 1852. 
 
 (1 
 
 James Woods, 
 
 1881. 
 
 u 
 
 James M. Linnard, 
 
 1863. 
 
 " 
 
 Michael Schaffer, 
 
 1870. 
 
 .. 
 
 Caleb Maule. 
 
 1844. 
 
 (( 
 
 Jesse Williamson, 
 
 1850. 
 
 1818 
 
 Jacob Kenderdine, 
 
 1844. 
 
 il 
 
 Jacob Thomas, 
 
 1855. 
 
 1830. 
 
 Robert O'Neil, 
 
 1874. 
 
 1835 
 
 Thomas K. Tresse, 
 
 1843. 
 
 (( 
 
 Henry L. Coryell, 
 
 1845. 
 
 u 
 
 James Clark, Jr. , 
 
 1865. 
 
 1822 
 
 James Hutchinson, 
 
 1873. 
 
 u 
 
 John A. Miskey, 
 
 1882. 
 
 a 
 
 John Durrach, 
 
 1850. 
 
 u 
 
 John D. Taylor, 
 
 1871. 
 
 1823 
 
 George Senneff, 
 
 1872. 
 
 ti 
 
 George R. Lawton, 
 
 1859. 
 
 (( 
 
 Peter Weyant, 
 
 1858. 
 
 f( 
 
 Zachariah Howell, 
 
 1852. 
 
90 
 
 THE carpenters' COMPANY. 
 
 ELECTED. DECEASED. 
 
 ELECTED. DECEASED 
 
 1836. 
 
 George Sterr, Sr., 
 
 1869. 
 
 1854. 
 
 Henry Phillippe. 
 
 
 i( 
 
 Joseph C. Wills, 
 
 1860. 
 
 (( 
 
 Philip Kramer. 
 
 
 u 
 
 Jacob W. Colladay, 
 
 1885. 
 
 u 
 
 Edward K. Snow, 
 
 1874. 
 
 (i 
 
 Presley B. O'Nell. 
 
 
 1855. 
 
 J. Louis Moore. 
 
 
 1837. 
 
 William Durfor, 
 
 1883. 
 
 U 
 
 Joseph M. Hancock. 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Charles Conard, 
 
 1876. 
 
 1856. 
 
 Joseph Denegre, 
 
 1873. 
 
 (( 
 
 James Leslie, 
 
 1860. 
 
 1857. 
 
 Nathan W. Ellis, 
 
 1882. 
 
 (( 
 
 Henry Little, 
 
 1858. 
 
 1859. 
 
 Thomas C. Lott. 
 
 
 u 
 
 Henry Shuster, 
 
 
 1861. 
 
 Thomas Marsh. 
 
 
 1838. 
 
 William T. Forsyth, 
 
 1876. 
 
 1862. 
 
 Edward T. Miller, 
 
 1887. 
 
 " 
 
 Ferdinand Conover, Ex. 
 
 , 1869. 
 
 1863. 
 
 George W. Ash. 
 
 
 1839. 
 
 John McClure, 
 
 1880. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Samuel K. Bye, 
 
 1886. 
 
 It 
 
 John Rice, 
 
 1880. 
 
 (( 
 
 John B. Betts. 
 
 
 ii 
 
 Jacob Bartholomew, 
 
 1865. 
 
 (f 
 
 David Cramer. 
 
 
 n 
 
 Thomas B. Patterson, 
 
 1865. 
 
 U 
 
 William H. Cramer. 
 
 
 (( 
 
 William 0. Palmer, 
 
 1847. 
 
 1865. 
 
 James H. Errickson, 
 
 1883. 
 
 (( 
 
 John Williams. 
 
 
 H 
 
 Allen Bard, 
 
 1882 
 
 u 
 
 Michael Errickson, 
 
 1868. 
 
 u 
 
 James M. Cooper, 
 
 1870 
 
 1841. 
 
 Kichard K. Betts. 
 
 
 a 
 
 William De-vitt. 
 
 
 '* 
 
 George W. Doane. 
 
 
 " 
 
 Benjamin Ketcham. 
 
 
 u 
 
 Henry Bockins, 
 
 1873. 
 
 1866. 
 
 Samuel K. Hopkins. 
 
 
 1842. 
 
 William C. Betts, 
 
 1845. 
 
 (( 
 
 Joseph B. Cooper. 
 
 
 1844. 
 
 Charles Enbicam, 
 
 1873. 
 
 u 
 
 Hibberd Yamall, 
 
 1882 
 
 u 
 
 Jacob S. Price, 
 
 1884. 
 
 (( 
 
 Thomas Little. 
 
 
 1846. 
 
 John Ketcham, 
 
 1878. 
 
 11 
 
 John Crump. 
 
 
 1847. 
 
 Samuel Rain, 
 
 1886. 
 
 1867. 
 
 Charles C. Muller. 
 
 
 1848. 
 
 Aaron Doane, 
 
 1885. 
 
 '' 
 
 S. Ellis Furman. 
 
 
 U 
 
 Edward Kelley, 
 
 1877. 
 
 (t 
 
 W. Henry Furman, 
 
 1877 
 
 1849. 
 
 Mark Balderston, 
 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel R. Marriner. 
 
 
 ll 
 
 William F. Wilson, 
 
 1853. 
 
 a 
 
 James Buckingham. 
 
 
 1850 
 
 Thomas F. Shuster. 
 
 
 t( 
 
 Theodore M. Keeney. 
 
 
 (( 
 
 James G. Steel, 
 
 1871. 
 
 1868. 
 
 Samuel M. Albertson, 
 
 1874 
 
 1851 
 
 Levi B. Stokes, 
 
 
 (1 
 
 Thomas Davis. 
 
 
 U 
 
 Charles Shoemaker, 
 
 1863. 
 
 li 
 
 Richard Sharp, 
 
 1875 
 
 U 
 
 William Eyre, 
 
 1885. 
 
 1869. 
 
 Stephen P. Rush. 
 
 
 ti 
 
 Robert Hays. 
 
 
 i( 
 
 Oliver Bradin. 
 
 
 (( 
 
 John McArthur, 
 
 1883. 
 
 " 
 
 Stacy Reeves. 
 
 
 1852 
 
 Charles Mclntyre. 
 
 
 If 
 
 John Duncan. 
 
 
 t( 
 
 Jonathan Rubincam, 
 
 1866. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Charles S. Close, 
 
 1879 
 
 (( 
 
 George Chandlee, 
 
 1865. 
 
 1871. 
 
 Robert W. Strode. 
 
 
 1853 
 
 John Kilgore, 
 
 1879. 
 
 1872. 
 
 Edward Mentz. 
 
 
 " 
 
 Jacob Jones. 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Levi Koder. 
 
 
 li 
 
 John R. Hudders, 
 
 1862. 
 
 (( 
 
 John Eaton, 
 
 1875. 
 
 it 
 
 Wesley Ballinger, 
 
 1859. 
 
 " 
 
 William C. McPherson. 
 
 
 11 
 
 George Brown, 
 
 1860. 
 
 1873. 
 
 George Watson. 
 
 
 u 
 
 Walter Allison. 
 
 
 (( 
 
 John Doyle. 
 
 
 " 
 
 John D. Jones, 
 
 1884. 
 
 (( 
 
 John Sunderland. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 Henry B. Williamson, 
 
 1857. 
 
 1874. 
 
 Joseph B. VanKirk. 
 
 
MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 91 
 
 ELECTED. DECEASED. 
 
 1874. Edwin Bender. 
 
 " James Fort, 1882. 
 
 " John Embley. 
 
 " John Lewis, 1878. 
 
 " Nathan B. Davies, 188:2. 
 
 " Mordica Davies. 
 1*75. Abraham W. Haines. 
 
 " John A. Eiter. 
 
 " Charles M. Betts. 
 
 " William B. Grubb. 
 
 1876. Stephen Rush, Jr., 1877. 
 " Charles B. Aaronson, 1883. 
 " Finley Hutton, 1876. 
 
 1877. Thomas F. Shuster, Jr. 
 '■ James B. Doyle. 
 
 " Samuel R. Richards, 1876. 
 " Thompson Shourds. 
 
 1878. Adam A. Catanach. 
 " William Kemp. 
 
 " John Garrison. 
 
 '' John Ketcham. 
 
 " Henry D. Walls. 
 
 " William Chamberlain. 
 
 ELECTED. DECEASED 
 
 1880. Arthur H. Williams. 
 " Charles W. Devitt. 
 
 " JohnO. DonnelL, 
 
 1881. Alexander T. Richards. 
 " James McCartney. 
 
 1832. George W. Ensinger. 
 
 " John S. Steel, 1884. 
 
 " Thomas H. Marshall. 
 
 " J. Lindsay Little. 
 
 " Howard Davies. 
 
 " Lewis Havens. 
 
 " Robert Q. Gibbon. 
 
 " Jacob Myers. 
 
 1885. Arthur H. Williams. 
 " Frank M. Williams. 
 " George J. Watson. 
 
 " J. Sims Wilson. 
 " William C. Mentz. 
 
 1886. Jacob R. Garber. 
 " W. Howell Rea. 
 " Samuel R. Riley. 
 
 1887. John Catanach. 
 
 " Edward Cubberly. 
 
ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN 
 
 ON THE ONE HUNDRETH ANl^IVERSARY 
 OF THE 
 
 Meeting of Congress in Carpenters' Hall, 
 
 and proceedings in connection 
 
 therewith. 
 
5:ji*fpiita^. 
 
BEAUTIFUL REMINISCENCE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 First Congress in Philadelphia. 
 
 FROM THE PEN OF THE VENERABLE JOHN ADAMS. 
 
 When the Congress met, Mr. Cushing made a 
 motion that it should be opened with prayer. It was 
 opposed by Mr. Jay of New York, and Mr. Rudedge 
 of South Carolina, because we were so divided in 
 religious sentiments — some Episcopalians, some Qua- 
 kers, some Anabaptists, some Presbyterians, and some 
 Congregationalists — that we could not join in the 
 same act of worship. Mr. Samuel Adams arose and 
 said " that he was no bigot, and could hear a prayer 
 from any gentleman of piety and virtue, who was at the 
 same time a friend to his country. He was a stranger 
 in Philadelphia, but had heard that Mr. Duche {Duckay 
 they pronounced it) deserved that character, and 
 therefore he moved that Mr. Duche, an Episcopalian 
 clergyman, might be desired to read prayers to Con- 
 gress to-morrow morning." The motion was seconded, 
 and passed in the affirmative. Mr. Randolph, our 
 President, waited on Mr. D., and received for 
 answer that if his health would permit he certainly 
 would. Accordingly, next morning he appeared with 
 his clerk and in his pontificals, and read several 
 prayers in the established form, and then read the 
 Psalter for the seventh day of September, which was 
 the thirty-fifth Psalm. You must remember that this 
 was the next morning after we had heard of the horri- 
 
4 FIRST CONGRESS IN PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 ble cannonade of Boston. It seemed as if heaven 
 had ordained that Psalm to be read on that morning. 
 
 "After this, Mr. Duche, unexpectedly to everybody, 
 struck out into extemporary prayer, which filled the 
 bosom of every man present. I must confess I never 
 heard a better prayer, or one so well pronounced. 
 Episcopalian as he is, Dr. Cooper himself never 
 prayed with such fervor, such ardor, such correctness 
 and pathos, and in language so elegant and sublime, 
 for America, for Congress, for the Province of the 
 Massachusetts Bay, especially the town of Boston. It 
 had excellent effect upon everybody here. I must beg 
 of you to read the Psalm. If there is any faith in the 
 series Virgiliance, or Homericce, or especially xki^ sortes 
 Biblicce, it would have been thought providential." 
 
 Here was a scene worthy of the painter's art. It 
 was in Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia — a building 
 which still survives — that the devoted individuals met 
 to whom this service was read. 
 
 Washington was kneeling there, and Henry, and 
 Randolph, and Rutledge, and Lee, and Jay, and by 
 their side there stood, bowed in reverence, the Puritan 
 patriots of New England, who at that moment had 
 reason to believe that an armed soldiery was wasting 
 their humble households. It was believed that Boston 
 had been bombarded and destroyed. They prayed 
 fervently " for America, for the Congress, for the Prov- 
 ince of Massachusetts Bay, and especially for the 
 town of Boston," and who can realize the emotions 
 with which they turned imploringly to heaven for 
 divine interposition and aid ? " It was enough," says 
 Mr. Adams, " to melt a heart of stone. I saw the tears 
 gush into the eyes of the old, grave, pacific Quakers 
 of Philadelphia." 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 
 
 At a meeting of " The Carpenters' Company of 
 the City and County of Philadelphia," held 21st of 
 
 July. '873. 
 
 Resolved, That Walter Allison, D. Henry Flickwir 
 and Richard K. Betts be appointed a committee to 
 memorialize Congress to celebrate the Centennial 
 Meeting of the First Congress in this Hall on Sep- 
 tember 5, 1874. 
 
 October 20, 1874, the Committee presented the 
 draft of a Memorial, which was read and ordered to 
 be transcribed, signed by the President and Secretary, 
 the seal of the Company attached, and the Committee 
 directed to present a copy to the President of the 
 'United States and to both Houses of Congress. 
 
 & 
 
 MEMORIAL. 
 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
 United States, in Congress assembled : 
 We, your memorialists, respectfully represent, that, 
 whilst we recognize the fact that our nation's freedom 
 was declared in Independence Hall, yet this Hall, 
 where were heard the deliberate tones of a Hancock, 
 the defiant voice of a Henry, and the persuasive elo- 
 quence of an Adams in the First American Congress 
 
6 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 — than whom a body of greater men never assembled 
 together or crowned a nation's annals — and who 
 bowed here in reverence as the first prayer was 
 uttered in that Congress, deliberately avowing that to 
 the oppressive acts of the mother-country Americans 
 never can submit, and the determination to part with 
 their liberties only with their lives, so patriotically and 
 faithfully adhered to, is held sacred by us as the 
 Nation's birth-place, and must be dear to every patri- 
 otic heart ; and whereas, The near approach of the 
 one hundredth anniversary of that memorable event 
 renders it befitting that we, the successors of those 
 who freely offered this Hall when even our time- 
 honored State- House was closed against them, should 
 commemorate the nation's advent by our official action ; 
 Therefore be it Resolved, That Congress be invited 
 to assemble in this Hall on the fifth day of the ninth 
 month next (1874), the hundredth anniversary of the 
 meeting of the First American Congress, and that 
 such ceremonies take place as they in their wisdom 
 may think best suited to that memorable occasion. 
 
 Samuel Rain, President. 
 Wm. T. Forsythe, Secretary. 
 
 Walter Allison, 
 
 D. Henry Flickwir, !- Committee. 
 
 Richard K. Betts, 
 
 July 20, 1874, the Committee reported that two of 
 their number, Walter Allison and Richard K. Betts, 
 proceeded to Washington and presented the Memorial 
 to the President and to Congress as directed. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 7 
 
 Walter Allison offered the following : 
 
 Whereas, The Carpenters' Company of the City 
 and County of Philadelphia did present a Memorial to 
 the Congress of the United States, inviting that body 
 to celebrate the one-hundredth anniversary of the 
 meeting of Congress in this Hall on the 5th day of 
 September, 1874, and 
 
 Whereas, The Congress of the United States have 
 NOT deemed it expedient to celebrate that event as a 
 national one ; therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved, That in order to celebrate so important 
 an event in our nation's history, a committee of three 
 be appointed, whose duty it shall be to have an oration 
 delivered in this hall, and any other ceremonies appro- 
 priate to the occasion ; When, on motion, the pre- 
 amble and resolution were unanimously adopted, and 
 the following committee appointed: 
 
 John M. Ogden, 
 Walter Allison, 
 Richard K. Betts. 
 
 The Committee extended a timely and cordial invi- 
 tation to the President of the United States and his 
 Cabinet, the Vice-President, and to both Houses of 
 Congress, the Chief-Justice, the Governors of the 
 States, and other distinguished officials and private 
 citizens. 
 
 Amongst those present were 
 Hon. Henry Wilson, Vice-President, U. S., 
 " Jos. R, Hawley, M. C. and President of U. S, 
 Centennial Commission, 
 
o ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 Hon. Wm. D. Kelley, M. C, 
 Leonard Myers, " 
 
 " Saml. J. Randall, " 
 
 " Charles O'Neill, " 
 
 " Eli K. Price, 
 
 " James J. Barclay, 
 
 " Daniel M. Fox, 
 
 " Joseph Allison, 
 
 " Wm. S. Peirce, 
 
 " Jas. Lynd, 
 
 " Joseph R. Chandler, Ex-Minister to Italy, 
 
 " James H. Campbell, Ex-Minister to Sweden, 
 
 " Henry C. Carey, 
 
 " Alex. McClure, 
 Gen. Robert Patterson, 
 Maj. John O. James, 
 Capt. George A. Smith, 
 Hon. Thomas Cochran, 1 Centennial 
 
 " John Wanamaker, j Board of Finance, 
 
 " Fredk. Fraley, Secretary Centennial Board of 
 Finance, 
 J. L. Atlee, Lancaster, 
 Leonard H. Davis, Esq., New Jersey. 
 The assemblage was then called to order by John 
 M. Ogden, chairman of the Committee of Arrange- 
 ments. He nominated for President John Welsh, Esq. 
 On motion of Mr. Walter Allison, Charles S. Ogden, 
 Esq., was then chosen Secretary. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Thomas F. Davies, Rector of St. Peter's 
 Church, then delivered the following 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 
 
 PRAYER. 
 
 O God, who art the blessed and only Potentate, the 
 King of kings and Lord of lords, the Almighty Ruler 
 of Nations, who as at this time didst inspire and direct! 
 the hearts of our fathers to lay the perpetual founda- 
 tions of peace, liberty and safety, we adore and mag- 
 nify Thy glorious name for all the great things which 
 Thou hast done for us. The Lord our God be with 
 us as He was with our fathers ; let Him not leave us 
 nor forsake us. We render Thee thanks for the 
 goodly heritage which Thou hast given us ; for the 
 civil and religious privileges which we enjoy, and for 
 the multiplied manifestations of Thy favor. Grant 
 that we may show forth our thankfulness for these 
 Thy mercies, by living in reverence of Thy Almighty 
 power and dominion, in humble reliance on Thy good- 
 ness, and in holy obedience to Thy laws. Preserve, 
 we beseech Thee, to our country the blessings of 
 peace, and secure them to all the people of the earth. 
 We implore Thy blessing on all in authority over us, 
 that they may have grace and wisdom so to discharge 
 their duties as most effectually to promote Thy glory, 
 the interests of true religion and virtue, and the peace, 
 good order and welfare of our nation. Shed the quick- 
 ening influences of Thy Holy Spirit on all the peo- 
 ple of this land. Save us from the guilt of abusing 
 our blessings, lest we provoke Thee in just judgment 
 to visit our offences with a rod and our sins with 
 scourges. And while Thy unmerited goodness, O 
 God of all salvation, leads us to repentance, may we 
 
lO ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 offer ourselves, our souls and bodies, a living sacrifice 
 to Thee, who hast preserved and redeemed us, through 
 Jesus Christ our Lord, who hath taught us to pray 
 unto thee, O Almighty Father, in His prevailing name 
 and words. [The reverend gentleman then closed 
 with the Lord's Prayer and Benediction.] 
 
 The Secretary, addressing the Chairman, said that 
 he had been requested by Messrs. Wallace & Keller 
 to present to him in their behalf the gavel which he 
 then handed to him, accompanied with authenticated 
 evidences that it was made from wood used in the 
 construction of Independence Hall, with the assurance 
 that It gave to him great pleasure to be the medium 
 of this presentation. The Chairman, on receiving 
 it, thanked the Secretary, and begged him to ex- 
 press to Messrs. Wallace & Keller his grateful acknow- 
 ledgment for so valuable a token of their kindness, for 
 the presentation of which they had chosen so fitting a 
 moment as this — the centennial of the first meeting 
 of that Congress whose great work had culminated on 
 the 4th of July, 1776, in the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence in Independence Hall. Having been born under 
 the shadow of the spire of that venerable building, 
 and having often in his cradle been lulled to sleep by 
 the sound of that bell which proclaimed liberty through- 
 out the land, he felt that he could, on looking back 
 through a life now well advanced in years, say that he 
 had ever been true to the principles of which they 
 were the symbols ; and should it be in the future — 
 which God forbid ! — that he should ever be tempted 
 to waver In his allegiance to them, he trusted that this 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. II 
 
 relic (the gavel which he then uplifted), connected so 
 closely with the scenes among which and by which our 
 nation was brought into being, would so strengthen 
 him as to keep him true both to his country and to 
 himself. 
 
 The Secretary then read : 
 
 Philadelphia, September 4, 1874. 
 To the President and Managers of the Carpenters' 
 Company of Philadelphia. 
 
 Gentlemen : A few years since I became possessed 
 of the original portrait, painted by C. W. Peale, of 
 the Hon. Peyton Randolph, the first President of the 
 First Continental Congress. I purchased it, intending 
 that it should be preserved for our city and country 
 on the occasion of the Celebration of the Centennial 
 of the Declaration of Independence. To-morrow will 
 be the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Meeting 
 of the first Congress of the people of the original 
 States, over which Mr. Randolph so ably presided. 
 
 I observe that your Company propose to com- 
 memorate the Centennial of the first Meeting of the 
 First Continental Congress with appropriate ceremo- 
 nies, and I can conceive of no memento that will be 
 more suggestive of the great events that have fol- 
 lowed the formation of that Congress, than the orig- 
 inal portrait of the distinguished patriot and statesman 
 who presided over their deliberations. 
 
 Being in full sympathy with the purposes of your 
 Company and the spirit of your proposed celebration, 
 I take pleasure in presenting to you the portrait, to be 
 
12 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 placed among the archives of your Company. With 
 sentiments of respect, I am 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 E. C. Knight. 
 
 Also the following note from Mr. John A. McAllis- 
 ter: 
 
 " It gives me great pleasure to loan to the ' Carpen- 
 ters' Society,' for its ' Centennial,' a portrait of the 
 Rev. Jacob Duche, D. D., Chaplain to the ' Conti- 
 nental Congress.' This portrait was drawn in chalk 
 by the doctor's brother-in-law, Francis Hopkinson 
 (one of the signers), about the year 1770. The late 
 Mrs. Hall, to whom this portrait belonged before it 
 came into my possession, told me that she was a 
 friend and frequent visitor of Parson Duche, and that 
 she considered this the best likeness she had ever 
 seen." 
 
 Colonel Frank M. Etting, of the Museum depart- 
 ment, Independence Hall, presented a facsimile of 
 the signatures of Congress of 1774 to the first con- 
 vention of Union of the Colonies for presentation. 
 The signatures were made in the Carpenters' Hall by 
 every delegate then representing the twelve United 
 Colonies. 
 
 Mr. Welsh, President of the meeting, then said : 
 
 Gentlemen : Official engagements having prevented 
 his Excellency, the Governor of the Commonwealth, 
 from presiding on this interesting occasion, that duty 
 has been assigned to me. The honor thus conferred 
 is most grateful to me. The Carpenters' Company of 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 1 3 
 
 the City and County of Philadelphia has sustained a 
 most useful and a most enviable position among the 
 numerous associations which form an essential part of 
 the strength of our great and growing city. Its origin 
 dates as far back as 1724, only forty-two years after 
 William Penn first landed on the shore of the river 
 Delaware. Composed of men engaged in a most 
 useful occupation ; designed to cultivate and uphold 
 among themselves the highest standard of excellence 
 in their art and in their personal characters ; em- 
 bracing in their purpose that most excellent gift of 
 charity which feeds the hungry, clothes the naked, and 
 makes at one the differences which rise among men, 
 — this venerable Company stands to-day, as it has 
 stood through one hundred and fifty years, in un- 
 diminished vigor, ever growing in strength and useful- 
 ness with its increasing years. Outside of their 
 organization most, if not all, of its members hold a 
 most important relation to our community. Beyond 
 the practical part they take in the pursuit of their 
 calling, there are no classes of men amongst us who 
 labor more earnestly for the public good. Several of 
 those here to-day enjoy the sincerest respect and 
 regard of their fellow-citizens because of their un- 
 selfish devotion in the relief of human suffering and 
 to the elevation of the degraded among their fellow- 
 men. Many of its members have, by their judicious 
 enterprise, contributed largely to the material inter- 
 ests of our city, and to their intelligence as a craft we 
 owe the superiority which the private dwellings of 
 Philadelphia possess in convenience and comfort, in 
 
I 4 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 addition to their substantial qualities, over those of 
 most other cities. Of their part in the improvement 
 in our styles of architecture honorable mention should 
 be made, for the purpose of obtaining instruction in 
 the science of architecture is one of the objects named 
 in their act of incorporation ; and in the main our 
 architects are but evolutions from carpenters who have 
 worked at the bench. The practical is the best foun- 
 dation on which to rest an aesthetic superstructure. 
 Nor have the men who, in the long line of succession, 
 have composed this company ever lacked sympathy 
 with the advancing sentiment of the country. In 
 patriotic feeling their hearts have always beat in uni- 
 son with the most ardent advocates of liberty. The 
 occasion of our meeting to-day bears the strongest 
 possible testimony on that point. It was in this vener- 
 able Hall — venerable alike for its age and its honors 
 — that the First Congress assembled. Here, where 
 we now are, that memorable meeting took place, on 
 this day one hundred years ago. Well might we 
 pause and try to recall that scene, but the attempt to 
 do it is not for me. One mightier far than I am for 
 such a purpose will follow me, and the sketch, with all 
 its circumstances, the actors in it and its consequences, 
 shall be given you by his graphic pencil. Let me, 
 however, ask of you to look for a single moment 
 through the vista of the many intervening years upon 
 the dark background which closes it — dark with the 
 clouds of impending perils, of dou'bts and fears, of sac- 
 rifices and of sufferings, with here and there upon 
 these clouds slight fissures of gilded light, foreshadow- 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. I 5 
 
 ing feebly the lofty aims and firm resolves of our fore- 
 fathers, which, like the faint gleams of hope and 
 smouldering sparks of future glory nourished within 
 their bosoms, led them forward ; and tell me whether, 
 in bringing back your vision to the present, the grand- 
 eur of our possessions does not startle you with 
 alarm at your own insensibility as to their extent, and 
 with the weight of the responsibility resting on you 
 for the proper use of the material wealth and the civil 
 and religious privileges in which our country literally 
 revels — the fruits of the seed planted under such 
 bitter adversity ? 
 
 Is not this a thought worthy of our consideration ? 
 Is it not the thought which for years past has been 
 making itself a home in the hearts of many of our 
 people, taking them back into the past, and filling 
 them with apprehension for the future, lest, losing 
 sight of the true elements of our strength, our pros- 
 perity should become our weakness? This may well 
 cause us to look toward 1876 with longings for a re- 
 union, that we may study anew the principles of our 
 nstitutions, and honor those who established them 
 here on the very spot rendered classic by the scenes 
 incident to the mighty transformation wrought in 1776, 
 by which thirteen colonies, subject to the kingdom of 
 Great Britain and Ireland, became an independent 
 nation, based on the principle of self-government, 
 known ever since as " the United States of America," 
 and now respected as one among the great powers of 
 the earth. It is that longing hope, common, as I be- 
 lieve, to every one who claims our flag as his protec- 
 
l6 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 tion, which has been crystalHzed into a reality by Con- 
 gress in the act of 3d March, 1871. That act created 
 a commission, drawn from every State and Territory, 
 to make suitable provision for a Centennial Celebra- 
 tion in the city of Philadelphia in 1876, one of the 
 principal features of which shall be an International 
 Exhibition of the arts and manufactures of other na- 
 tions, in contrast with those of our own production ; 
 and beyond this, by every suitable means, to recall the 
 events and the actors in those interesting scenes which 
 radiate from that great central light — the Declaration 
 of Independence, the memories of which have become 
 too faint in the minds of the great mass of our peo- 
 ple. When we look with pride on the progress we 
 have made in a century; when we count the many 
 millions which now people our great cities and broad 
 plains ; bring in array the fields covered with cotton 
 and the golden grain ; hear the busy sound of ma- 
 chinery reverberating from hill to valley, mingling with 
 the bleating and lowing of flocks and herds innumer- 
 able ; descend beneath the surface, where thousands 
 toil for the rich rewards of mineral wealth ; look upon 
 the trains traversing seventy thousand miles of rail- 
 road within our borders, extending from ocean to 
 ocean, and making almost every hamlet in the land 
 accessible ; mark on our great rivers and canals ves- 
 sels of every form in incessant motion ; and see our 
 flag unfurled on every sea and in every harbor, — it is 
 wise that we should recall the events in which our 
 prosperity took its rise, study the principles on which 
 it was based, dwell on the simplicity of the lives and 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 17 
 
 the purity and strength of the men who brought about 
 these great results, and make ourselves familiar with 
 them all, that if, because of our departure from their 
 principles or their examples, we are the weaker for it, 
 and are unable to recover ourselves, we may at least 
 teach them to our children, and thus, through them, 
 renew the foundation- which can alone support so 
 grand a superstructure. 
 
 One of the first fruits of this approaching Centen- 
 nial is now at hand. This same Carpenters' Company, 
 which in 1774 opened its hall to the Continental Con- 
 gress, animated by the same spirit as it was moved by 
 then, and in view of the celebration to be held in 1876, 
 has assembled here to-day to revive in the memory of 
 its countrymen a knowledge of the men who met in 
 this Hall on the 5th of September, 1774, one hundred 
 years ago. God grant that in this noble effort they 
 may be successful ! 
 
 Gentlemen, I have now the pleasure to introduce to 
 you Henry Armitt Brown, Esq., who will address you 
 in furtherance of this patriotic purpose. 
 
 Henry Armiit Brown then came forward and read 
 a letter, which he had just received, from the Hon. 
 Wm. S. Stokley, Mayor of Philadelphia, desiring him, 
 as Orator of the Day, to extend an invitation, in His 
 Honor's name, to the distinguished company present, 
 to visit Independence Hall and the National Museum 
 after the exercises in Carpenters' Hall. Having dis- 
 charoed, in a few words, the pleasant duty thus con- 
 fided to him, he continued as follows. 
 2 
 
ORATION 
 
 OF 
 
 HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 We have come here to-day in obedience to that 
 natural impulse which bids a people do honor to its 
 past. We have assembled to commemorate a great 
 event — one of the most famous in our history. In the 
 midst of prosperity and profound peace ; in the pres- 
 ence of the honorable and honored Vice-President of 
 the United States, of the chosen rulers of the people, 
 of the members of the present and other Congresses — 
 the successors of the statesmen of 1774 — of the rep- 
 resentatives of the learned professions, and of every 
 department of human enterprise and industry and 
 skill, we have gathered beneath this roof to celebrate, 
 with reverent and appropriate services, the one hun- 
 dredth anniversary of the meeting of the First Con- 
 tinental Congress. 
 
 It is a great privilege to be here, and we have to 
 thank the Carpenters' Company for it. The Carpen- 
 ters' Company of Philadelphia has always been a pa- 
 triotic body. In the months which preceded the Rev- 
 olution it freely offered its hall for the meetings of the 
 people ; and besides the high honor of having enter- 
 tained the Congress of 1774, it can point to its having 
 sheltered the Committees of Safety and the Provincial 
 
 18 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 1 9 
 
 Committee for a long time beneath this roof. The 
 Carpenters' Company of Philadelphia is a very ancient 
 body. It came into existence when George the First 
 was king, when Benjamin Franklin was a printer's lad, 
 and Samuel Johnson was a boy at school. It was 
 founded fifty years before an American Congress met, 
 and it is now half as old again as American independ- 
 ence. And more than this, it is a very honorable body. 
 Its members have been counted among our best cit- 
 izens for industry and character. Both this hall, in 
 which the nation may be said to have been born, and 
 that other, where in 1776 its articles of apprentice- 
 ship were cancelled, are the monuments of its earlier 
 skill, and there are few houses in this City of Homes 
 in which its members have not had a hand. And, 
 after all, how fitting does it seem that the hall of the 
 Carpenters' Company should have been the scene of 
 that event which we have assembled to commemorate ! 
 The men of the First Congress were architects them- 
 selves ; the master-builders of a Republic founded on 
 the equality of man — the highest types of which, in 
 the two struggles through which it has had to -pass, 
 have been Benjamin Franklin, the mechanic, and the 
 farmer's lad whose name was Abraham Lincoln. They 
 represented among themselves every rank of life — the 
 lawyer, the merchant, the farmer, the mechanic — and 
 they did more to dignify Labor and advance the cause 
 of Humanity in the seven weeks during which they 
 sat in this place than all the parliaments of the world 
 have done in twice as many centuries. If there be 
 anything good, if there be anything noble, if there be 
 
20 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 anything precious In the American Revolution, it is 
 just this — that it secured for every man an equal 
 chance. Far wiser than those who have attempted a 
 similar work beneath other skies, the men who achieved 
 that Revolution attacked no vested rights, set up no 
 false notions of equality, nor the oppression of the 
 many for the tyranny of the few, nor did they break 
 the chain that bound them to an honorable past. They 
 sought rather to make Virtue and Intelligence the test 
 of manhood — to strike down Prerogative and Privilege 
 and open the gates of happiness to all alike. And as 
 I contemplate their glorious struggle at this distance 
 of time, and think of the national life which it has 
 blessed us with — a century of which is surely a great 
 achieverhent for any people* — I cannot but think it to 
 have been a happy omen that it was inaugurated here. 
 It is impossible, in the time which I can allow myself, 
 fo attempt a description of the causes of the Revolu- 
 
 * The historian Freeman, writing in 1862, says (Hist, of Fed. Govt., vol. i., 
 p. 112) : "At all events, the American Union has actually secured, for what is 
 really a long period of time, a greater amount of combined peace and freedom 
 than was ever before enjoyed by so large a portion of the earth's surface. There 
 have been, and still are, vaster despotic empires, but never before has so large 
 an inhabited territory remained for more than seventy years in the enjoyment at 
 once of internal freedom and of exemption from the scourge of internal war.'' 
 
 Prof Hoppin of Yale College tells me of a conversation he had some years 
 ago .'■•■Ih Prof Karl von Raumer of Berlin : " I asked him what was his opinion 
 as ■;. the perpetuity of republican institutions. He said: Under certain con- 
 ditions fulfilled, they would be more permanent than any other form, ' But,' said 
 he, starting up from his chair with great energy, ' if they should fail, fifty years of 
 American freedom would be worth a thousand years of Siberian despotism !' " 
 
 A similar thought is expressed by Freeman in page 52 of the volume above 
 quoted : " The one century of Athenian greatness, from the expulsion of the 
 Thirty Tyrants to the defeat of Aigospotamos, is worth millenniums of the life 
 of Egypt or Assyria." 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 21 
 
 tion. The duty which I have to discharge is sufficient!}" 
 difficult. I shall tax your patience, at any rate, I fear, 
 (for the trial is rather how little than how much to say), 
 but the story must needs be long, and the occasion 
 seems one of historic dignity. 
 
 It was only a month ago that the inhabitants of a 
 little island in the northern corner of the Atlantic 
 Ocean met on their Law Mount and celebrated, with 
 song and saga, their one thousandth anniversary, 
 That hardy race, which counts among its achievements 
 the first discovery of this continent, has witnessed 
 many memorable and strange events. Locked up in 
 snow and ice, protected by the warring elements, it 
 has watched the growth and decay of empires, the rise 
 and fall of nations, the most wonderful changes in 
 every quarter of the globe. But it has seen no spec- 
 tacle more extraordinary than that which we com- 
 memorate to-day, and in all the sterile pages of its 
 thousand years of history it can point to no such 
 achievements as fill up the first century of this younger 
 nation. 
 
 The tendency of the American colonies toward 
 union had frequently shown itself before 1774. There 
 was, of course, little sympathy at the outset between 
 the Puritan of New England and the Virginian cava- 
 lier, the Roman Catholic of Maryland and the Penn- 
 sylvania Quaker. Each had, in times past, suffered at 
 the other's hands, and the smart of their injuries was 
 not soon forgotten. But time, that great healer, came 
 after a while to efface its sharpness, and when the 
 third generation had grown up little bitterness re- 
 
2 2 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 mained. For, after all, there is no sympathy like that 
 which is begotten by common suffering. The trials 
 of these men had been much the same. The spirit of 
 persecution had driven forth all alike. Their ideas of 
 liberty — narrow as they were at first — did not mate- 
 rially differ, and their devotion to them had led all 
 alike across the seas. They spoke the same language, 
 inherited the same traditions, revered the same exam- 
 ples, worshipped the same God. Nor had the ob- 
 stacles which they had overcome been different. Heat 
 and cold, fire and sword, hunger and thirst — they had 
 all experienced these. The Frenchman on the North 
 and the Indian along the Western frontier had con- 
 stantly threatened them with a common danger, and 
 when the news of Braddock's defeat came down the 
 slopes of the Alleghany Mountains it sent a thrill 
 through hearts in Georgia and New Hampshire, as 
 well as in Pennsylvania and Maryland. As early as 
 the year 1754 the Indian troubles and the necessity 
 for united action had led to the assembling of a con- 
 vention or council at Albany, at which seven colonies 
 were represented. The scheme for a perpetual union 
 which the genius of Franklin had then devised was 
 not successful, it is true, but the meeting under such 
 circumstances awakened a strong desire for union 
 among his countrymen; and when, in 1765, the times 
 had changed, and the mother-country, victorious over 
 France, turned her hand against her children, the 
 sense of danger found expression in the convention 
 which the Stamp Act brought together in New York. 
 I pass without comment over the years which inter- 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 2 3 
 
 vened between 1765 and 1774. The Stamp Act had 
 been repealed, but a succession of severer measures 
 had brought things from bad to worse. Great Britain 
 was in the zenith of her power. The colonies were 
 thirteen in number, and contained about two millions 
 and a half of inhabitants.* Let us, then, in the course 
 of the hour which we are to spend together here, 
 endeavor to go back in imagination to the summer of 
 1774. Here in Philadelphia there have been feverish 
 days. The news of the determination of the ministry 
 to shut up the port of Boston, followed as it is soon 
 after by the attempt to do away with the ancient 
 charter of Massachusetts and to remove to Great 
 Britain the trial of offences committed in America, 
 has aroused the patriotic resistance of the whole 
 country. In every town and hamlet, from New Hamp- 
 shire to the southern boundary of Georgia, bold pro- 
 tests are recorded by the people, and Boston is 
 declared to be suffering in the common cause. The 
 first day of June, when the Port Bill goes into effect, 
 is everywhere kept as a day of fasting and humilia- 
 tion. Flags are lowered to half-mast, shops shut up 
 and the places of worship crowded with thoughtful 
 men. Nine-tenths of the houses in Philadelphia are 
 closed in mourning, and the famous bells of Christ 
 Church are muffled in distress. Nor are the fellow- 
 countrymen of the Bostonians content with this man- 
 ifestation of their sympathy. From every part of the 
 colonies come contributions for the suffering poor. 
 Money, provisions and articles of clothing pour in 
 
 * Bancroft, Hist. U. S., vol. vii., page 128. 
 
24 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 from every side. There Is but one sentiment in the 
 great majority of the people — a determination to sup- 
 port the men of Massachusetts to the end. They 
 were not unconscious of the dangers of such a course. 
 The disparity between the power of Great Britain and 
 their own was far more apparent to them than it can 
 ever be to us. They saw her the first power of the 
 age — fresh from the memorable wars in which she 
 had destroyed the naval and colonial power of France. 
 The air still rang with the cheers with which they had 
 greeted her successive triumphs, each of which they 
 had come to look upon as their own. Her armies had 
 been victorious in every land, her fleets triumphant on 
 the most distant seas, and whatever of spirit, of cour- 
 age and of endurance they might believe themselves 
 to possess they had inherited from her. " We have 
 not fit men for the times," wrote one of the leading 
 actors in the drama that was about to begin; "we 
 are deficient in genius, in education, in travel, in for- 
 tune, in everything. I feel unutterable anxiety." * But 
 there is no thought of yielding in anybody's breast. 
 " God grant us wisdom and fortitude," writes John 
 Adams, in June, and he speaks the universal senti- 
 ment of his countrymen. " Should the opposition be 
 suppressed, should this country submit, what infamy 
 and ruin ! God forbid ! Death in any form is less 
 terrible." f It was out of this consciousness of weak- 
 ness that the strength of the Revolution grew. Had 
 Massachusetts stood alone, had a feeling of strength 
 seduced the colonies to remain divided, the end would 
 
 * Works of John Adams, vol. ii., p. 338. f Idem. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 25 
 
 have been far different. Singly, they would have 
 offered but a slight resistance — together, they were 
 invincible. And the blind policy of the English king 
 and ministry steadily fostered this sentiment of union. 
 The closing of the port of Boston was intended by its 
 authors to punish Massachusetts alone, but the mer- 
 chant of Charleston or New York saw in the act the 
 attempt to exercise a power which might one day be 
 directed against him, and the Pennsylvanian could 
 have little feeling of security in submitting his valued 
 institutions to the mercy of those who sought, by an 
 act of Parliament, to sweep away the ancient charter 
 of Massachusetts. The cause of one colony became 
 the cause of all. The rights of Massachusetts were 
 the rights of America. 
 
 All through the spring and summer there has been 
 concert and consultation. Couriers are riding here 
 and there with messages from the Committees of Cor- 
 respondence which, thanks to Samuel Adams, have 
 been established in every village. A constant inter- 
 change of counsels has soon begotten confidence ; 
 with better understanding has come a sense of 
 strength. Each colony seems ready for her share of 
 the responsibility, and no town, however feeble, feels 
 alone. Boston is strengthened in her glorious mar- 
 tyrdom as her sister towns reach forth to clasp her 
 shackled hands, and the cry goes forth, at last, for the 
 assembling of a Continental Congress. " Permit me 
 to suggest a general Congress of deputies from the 
 several Houses of Assembly on the Continent," * John 
 
 * Bancroft's Hist. U. S., vol. vi., p. 508. 
 
26 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 Hancock says on the 4th of March, "as the most 
 effectual method of estabUshing a union for the 
 security of our rights and Hberties." "A Congress, 
 and then an Assembly of States," * cries Samuel 
 Adams, in April, 1773. Here is a call for a general 
 Congress in the newspaper which I hold in my hand 
 — a journal published in Philadelphia on the nth of 
 October, 1773. "A Congress," suggest the Sons of 
 Liberty of New York in the spring of the following 
 year, and in all parts of the country the cry meets 
 with a response. The first official call comes from 
 Virginia, dated May 28, 1774. On the 20th of that 
 month the Whigs of Philadelphia have met, to the 
 number of three hundred, in the long room of the City 
 Tavern on Second Street, and, after consultation, 
 unanimously resolved that the Governor be asked at 
 once to call a meeting of the Assembly of this Prov- 
 ince, and a Committee of Correspondence be ap- 
 pointed to write to the men of Boston " that we con- 
 sider them as suffering in the general cause ;" " that 
 we truly feel for their unhappy situation ;" " that we 
 recommend to them firmness, prudence and moder- 
 ation;" and that "we shall continue to evince our firm 
 adherence to the cause of American liberty." f 
 
 * Bancroft's Hist. U. S., vol. vi., p. 456. 
 
 \ Pennsylvania Packet, for June 6, 1774. The reply to the Bostonians was 
 written by the Rev. Dr. Wm. Smith, first Provost of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania (who did service afterward as one of the Provincial Convention of 1774). 
 An interesting account of this will be found on pages forty-one and forty-two of 
 the valuable Memoir of the Rev. Williatn Smith, D. D. ; for a copy of which I 
 am indebted to its author, Charles J. Stills, Esq., LL.D., the present Provost of 
 the University. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 27 
 
 The messenger who bears this letter finds the coun- 
 try all alive. The Boston Committee sends southward 
 a calm statement of the situation, and asks for general 
 counsel and support. Rumor follows rumor as the 
 days go by, and presently a courier comes riding down 
 the dusty king's highway from the North, and never 
 draws rein till he reaches the Merchants' Coffee House, 
 where the patriots are assembled in committee. The 
 intelligence he brings is stirring, for men come for- 
 ward with flushed cheeks and sparkling eyes. And 
 soon it is on every lip. Behold, great news ! Bold 
 Sam Adams has locked the Assembly door on the 
 king's officers at Salem, and the General Court has 
 named Philadelphia and the first of September as the 
 place and time for the assembling of a Congress of 
 Deputies from all the colonies. Twelve hundred miles 
 of coast is soon aflame. Nor is the enthusiasm con- 
 fined to youth alone. Hopkins and Hawley in New 
 England, and Gadsden in Carolina, are as full of fire 
 as their younger brethren, and far away, in a corner 
 of the British capital, a stout old gentleman in a suit 
 of gray cloth, with spectacles on his nose and a bright 
 twinkle in his eye, is steadily preparing for the strug- 
 gle which he — wise, far-sighted, great-souled Franklin 
 — has long foreseen and hoped for. One by one the 
 colonies choose delegates. Connecticut first, Massa- 
 chusetts next, Maryland the third. New Hampshire on 
 the 2 1 St of July, Pennsylvania on the 2 2d, and so on 
 until all but Georgia have elected representatives. 
 Yet still king and Parliament are deaf and blind, 
 royal governors are writing: "Massachusetts stands 
 
28 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 alone ; there will be no Congress of the other colo- 
 nies." Boston lies still, the shipping motionless in her 
 harbor, the merchandise rotting on her wharves, and 
 elsewhere, as of old, the dull routine of provincial life 
 goes jogging on. The creaking stages lumber to and 
 fro. Ships sail slowly up to town, or swing out into 
 the stream waiting for a wind to take them out to sea. 
 Men rise and go to work, eat, lie down and sleep. 
 The sun looks down on hot, deserted streets, and so 
 the long days of summer pass until September comes. 
 With the first days of the new month there is excite- 
 ment among the Philadelphia Whigs. All through the 
 week the delegates to Congress have been arriving. 
 Yesterday, Christopher Gadsden and Thomas Lynch, 
 Esquires, landed at the wharf, having come by sea 
 from Charleston, South Carolina ; to-day, Colonel Na- 
 thaniel Folsom and Major John Sullivan, the delegates 
 from New Hampshire, ride into town.* The friends 
 of liberty are busy. The great coach-and-fourf of John 
 Dickinson rolls rapidly through the streets as he has- 
 tens to greet the Virginian gentlemen who have just 
 arrived, and in the northern suburbs a company of 
 horsemen has galloped out the old King's Road to 
 welcome the delegates from Massachusetts, who have 
 arrived at Frankford, with Sam Adams at their head. J 
 
 * Pennsylvania Packet, for Aug. 29, 1774. 
 
 f " Mr. Dickinson, the farmer of Pennsylvania, came in his coach, with lour 
 beautiful horses, to Mr. Ward's lodgings to see us." — J. Adaiits' Works, vol. 
 ii., p. 360. 
 
 \ Idem, p. 357, " After dinner we stopped at Frankford, about five miles out 
 of town. A number of carriages and gentlemen came out of Philadelphia to 
 meet us. . . . We were introduced to all these gentlemen, and cordially wel- 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 29 
 
 With Saturday night they are all here, save those from 
 North Carolina, who were not chosen till the 25th, but 
 are on their way. 
 
 Sunday comes — the last Sabbath of the old provin- 
 cial days. The bells of Christ Church chime sweetly 
 in the morning air, and her aisles are crowded beyond 
 their wont; but the solemn service glides along, as in 
 other days, with its prayer for king and queen, so soon 
 to be read for the last time within those walls ; and 
 the thought, perhaps, never breaks the stillness of the 
 Quakers' meeting-house that a thing has come to pass 
 that will make their quiet town immortal. Then the 
 long afternoon fades away and the sun sinks down 
 yonder over Valley Forge. 
 
 The fifth day of September dawns at last. At ten 
 in the morning the delegates assemble at the Mer- 
 chants' Coffee House.* From that point they march 
 on foot along the street until they reach the threshold 
 of this hall. And what a memorable procession ! The 
 young men cluster around them as they pass, for these 
 are their chosen leaders in the struggle that has come. 
 The women peep at them, wonderingly, from the 
 
 corned to Philadelphia. We then rode into the town, and, dirty, dusty and 
 fatigued as we were, we could not resist the importunity to go to the tavern, the 
 most genteel one in America." The important consequences of this meeting at 
 Frankford are set forth in a letter of Adams to T. Pickering in 1822, printed in 
 a note on page 512 of the same volume. Vide, also, vol. i., p. 151. 
 . * Then called the City Tavern. It stood on the west side of Second street, 
 above Walnut, at the corner of Gold street (or Bank alley), and had been re- 
 cently opened by Daniel Smith. It was already the rendezvous of the Whigs, 
 as the London Coffee House (still standing), at Front and Market, had long 
 been of the Tory party. — Vide Westcott's Hist, of Phila., Philadelphia 
 Library copy, vol. ii., p. 364. 
 
30 ORATION OF hENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 bowed windows of their low-roofed houses, little 
 dreaming, perhaps, that these are the fathers of a 
 republic for the sake of which their hearts are soon 
 to be wrung and their homes made desolate. Here a 
 royalist — "Tory" he is soon to be called — turns out 
 for them to pass, scarcely attempting to hide the sneer 
 that trembles on his lips, or some stern-browed Friend, 
 a man of peace, his broad-brimmed hat set firmly on 
 his head, goes by, with measured footsteps, on the 
 other side. Yonder urchin, playing by the roadside, 
 turns his head suddenly to stare at this stately com- 
 pany. Does he dream of the wonders he shall live 
 to see ? Men whose names his children shall revere 
 through all descending generations have brushed by 
 him whilp he played, and yet he knows them not. 
 
 And so along the street, and down the narrow court, 
 and up the broad steps the Congress takes its way. 
 The place of meeting has been well chosen. Some 
 of the Pennsylvanians would have preferred the State- 
 House, but that is the seat of Government, and the 
 Assembly, which has adjourned, has made no pro- 
 vision for the meeting of Congress there. Here, too, 
 have been held the town-meetings at which the people 
 have protested against the acts of Parliament, and the 
 Carpenters' Company, which owns the hall, is made 
 up of the friends of liberty. It has offered its hall to 
 the delegates, and the place seems fit. It is " a spa- 
 cious hall," says one of them,* and above there is " a 
 chamber, with an excellent library," "a convenient 
 
 ^ John Adams, from whose yotirnal or Correspondence I have taken the per- 
 sonal descriptions in nearly every instance. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 3 I 
 
 chamber opposite to this, and a long entry where 
 gentlemen may walk." The question is put whether 
 the gentlemen are satisfied, and passed in the affirma- 
 tive ; the members are soon seated and the doors are 
 shut. The silence is first broken by Mr. Lynch of 
 South Carolina. " There is a gentleman present," he 
 says, " who has presided with great dignity over a very 
 respectable society, and greatly to the advantage of 
 America ;" arid he " moves that the Honorable Peyton 
 Randolph, Esquire, one of the delegates from Virginia, 
 be appointed chairman." He doubts not it will be 
 unanimous. It is so, and yonder,* "large well-looking 
 man," carefully dressed, with well-powdered wig and 
 scarlet coat, rises and takes the chair. The com- 
 missions of the delegates are then produced and read, 
 after which Mr. Ljmch nominates as secretary Mr. 
 Charles Thomson, "a gentleman," he says, "of family, 
 fortune and character." And thereupon, with that 
 singular wisdom which our early statesmen showed in 
 their selection of men for all posts of responsibility, 
 the Congress calls into his country's service that 
 admirable man, " the Sam Adams of Philadelphia and 
 the life of the cause of liberty." f While the pre- 
 
 * During the delivery of this address an original portrait of Mr. Randolph 
 hung above the chair in which he sat during the sessions of Congress. 
 
 i" The Hon. Eli K. Price has kindly sent me the following interesting account 
 bf the manner in which this was made known to Mr. Thomson. The allusion 
 in the address " reminded me," writes a lady of Mr. Price's family, Miss Rebecca 
 Embree " of the great simplicity of that appointment, as I have heard it related 
 by Deborah Logan, wife of Dr. George Logan of Stenton, viz. ; ' Charles Thom- 
 son had accompanied his wife on a bridal visit to Deborah Logan's mother, 
 Mary Parker Norris, who resided on Chestnut street above Fourth, where the 
 Custom-House now stands. Whilst there a messenger arrived inquiring for Mr. 
 
32 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 liminaries are being despatched, let us take a look at 
 this company, for it is the most extraordinary assem- 
 blage America has ever seen. There are fifty dele- 
 gates present, the representatives of eleven colonies. 
 Georgia has had no election, the North Carolinians 
 have not yet arrived, and John Dickinson, that 
 " shadow, slender as a reed, and pale as ashes," that 
 Pennsylvania farmer who has sown the seeds of 
 empire, is not a member yet.* Directly in front, in a 
 seat of prominence, sits Richard Henry Lee. His 
 brilliant eye and Roman profile would make him a 
 marked man in any company. One hand has been 
 injured, and is wrapped, as you see, in a covering of 
 black silk, but when he speaks his movements are so 
 graceful and his voice so sweet that you forget the 
 defect of gesture, for he is an orator — the greatest in 
 America, perhaps, save only one. That tall man with 
 the swarthy face and black, unpowdered hair, is 
 
 Thomson, and informed him that he was wanted at Carpenters' Hall. Being 
 introduced to the company there assembled, he was requested to act as their 
 secretary, which he accordingly did.' " 
 
 * Justice is not done now-a-days to the patriotic labors of John Dickinson. 
 The effect of his Farmer's Letters in preparing the minds of his countrymen for 
 resistance to Great Britain can hardly be exaggerated, and to him they owed 
 the phrase " No taxation without representation." When the Congress of 1774 
 assembled no man in the colonies was more prominent than the Farmer, and his 
 influence upon its deliberations was very great. On page 13 of the valuable 
 Early History of the Falls of Schuylkill, etc. etc., by Charles V. Hagner, Esq., 
 will be found an interesting account, taken partly from the Pemtsylvania Gazette 
 of May 12, 1768, of the presentation of a laudatory address to Mr. Dickinson by 
 the Society of Fort St. Davids. Other similar addresses were sent to him from 
 various parts of the colonies — one especially worthy of note being signed by Dr. 
 Benjamin Church, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Dr. Joseph Warren, and John 
 Rowe, and enclosing resolutions adopted at a town-meeting held in Boston. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. T)T) 
 
 William Livingston of New Jersey — " no public 
 speaker, but sensible and learned." Beside him, with 
 his slender form bent forward and his face lit with 
 enthusiasm, sits his son-in-law, John Jay, soon to be 
 famous. He is the youngest of the delegates, and 
 yonder sits the oldest of them all. His form is bent, 
 his thin locks fringing a forehead bowed with age and 
 honorable service, and his hands shake tremulously as 
 he folds them in his lap. It is Stephen Hopkins, once 
 Chief-Justice of Rhode Island. Close by him is his 
 colleague, Samuel Ward, and Sherman of Connecti- 
 cut — that strong man whose name is to be made 
 honorable by more than one generation. Johnson of 
 Maryland is here, " that clear, cool head," and Paca, 
 his colleague, " a wise deliberator." Bland of Virginia 
 is that learned-looking, " bookish man" beside " zeal- 
 ous, hot-headed" Edward Rutledge. The Pennsyl- 
 vanians are grouped together at one side — Mortgn, 
 Humphreys, Mifflin, Rhoads, Biddle, Ross, and Gallo- 
 way, the Speaker of the Assembly. Bending forward 
 to whisper in the latter's ear is Duane of New York — 
 that sly-looking man, a little "squint-eyed" (John 
 Adams has already written of him), "very sensible 
 and very artful." That large-featured man, with the 
 broad, open countenance, is William Hooper; that 
 other, with the Roman nose, McKean of Delaware. 
 Rodney, the latter's colleague, sits beside him, "the 
 oddest-looking man in the world — tall, thin, pale, his 
 face no bigger than a large apple, yet beaming with 
 sense, and wit, and humor." Yonder is Christopher 
 Gadsden, who has been preaching independence to 
 
34 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. ■ 
 
 South Carolina these ten years past. He it is who, 
 roused by the report that the regulars have com- 
 menced to bombard Boston, proposes to march north- 
 ward and defeat Gage at once, before his reinforce- 
 ments can arrive ; and when some one timidly says 
 that in the event of war the British will destroy the 
 sea-port towns, turns on the speaker, with this grand 
 reply: "Our towns are built of brick and wood; if 
 they are burned down we can rebuild them ; but lib- 
 erty once lost is gone for ever." In all this famous 
 company perhaps the men most noticed are the Massa- 
 chusetts members. That colony has thus far taken 
 the lead in the struggle with the mother-country. A 
 British army is encamped upon her soil ; the gates of 
 her chief town are shut; against her people the full 
 force of the resentment of king and Parliament is 
 spent. Her sufferings called this Congress into being, 
 and now lend sad prominence to her ambassadors. 
 And of them surely Samuel Adams is the chief. 
 What must be his emotions as he sits here to-day — 
 he who " eats little, drinks little, sleeps little, and 
 thinks much"* — that strong man whose undaunted 
 spirit has led his countrymen up to the possibilities of 
 this day? It is his plan of correspondence, adopted, 
 after a hard struggle, in November, 1772, that first 
 made feasible a union in the common defence. He 
 called for union as early as April, 1773. For that he 
 had labored without ceasing and without end, now 
 arousing the drooping spirits of less sanguine men, 
 
 * Historical and Political Reflections on the Rise and Progress of the Amer- 
 ican Rebellion, by JosEn-l GALLOWAY, London, 1780. 
 
CARPENTERS' HAbL. 35 
 
 now repressing the enthusiasm of rash hearts, which 
 threatened to bring on a crisis before the time was 
 ripe, and all the while thundering against tyranny- 
 through the columns of the Boston Gazette. As he 
 was ten years ago he is to-day, the master-spirit of 
 the time — as cool, as watchful, as steadfast, now that 
 the hour of his triumph is at hand, as when, in darker 
 days, he took up the burden James Otis could no 
 longer bear. Beside him sits his younger kinsman, 
 John Adams, a man after his own heart — bold, fertile, 
 resolute, an eloquent speaker and a leader of men. 
 But whose is yonder tall and manly form ? It is that 
 of a man of forty years of age, in the prime of vigor- 
 ous manhood. He has not spoken, for he is no orator, 
 but there is a look of command in his broad face and 
 firm-set mouth that marks him among men, and seems 
 to justify the deference with which his colleagues turn 
 to speak with him. He has taken a back seat, as be- 
 comes one of his great modesty — for he is great even 
 in that — but he is still the foremost man in all this 
 company. This is he who has just made in the Vir- 
 ginia Convention that speech which Lynch of Carolina 
 says is the most eloquent speech that ever was made : 
 " I will raise a thousand men, subsist them at my own 
 expense, and march with them at their head for the 
 relief of Boston." These were his words— and his 
 name is Washington. Such was the Continental 
 Congress assembled in Philadelphia. 
 
 Its members were met by a serious difficulty at the 
 very outset. The question at once arose. How should 
 their votes be cast — by colonies, by interest, or by the 
 
36 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 poll ? Some were for a vote by colonies ; but the 
 larger ones at once raised the important objection that 
 it would be unjust to allow to a little colony the same 
 weight as a large one. " A small colony," was the 
 reply of Major Sullivan of New Hampshire, " has its all 
 at stake, as well as a large one." Virginia, responded 
 the delegates from the Old Dominion, will never con- 
 sent to waive her full representation ; and one of them 
 went so far as to intimate that if she were denied an 
 influence in proportion to her size and numbers, she 
 would never again be represented in such an assem- 
 bly. On the other hand, it was confessed to be im- 
 possible to determine the relative weight which should 
 be assigned to each colony. There were no tables of 
 population, of products, or of trade, nor had there been 
 a common system in the choice of delegates. Each 
 province had sent as many as it liked — Massachusetts 
 four. South Carolina five, Virginia seven, Pennsylvania 
 eight. In one case they had been chosen by a con- 
 vention of the people, in another by a general elec- 
 tion, in most by the Assembly of the province. There 
 was no rule by which the members could be guided. 
 Nor was this the only point of difference among the 
 delegates. On no one thing did they seem at first 
 sight to agree. Some were for resting their rights 
 on a historical basis — others upon the law of nature. 
 These acknowledged the power of Great Britain to 
 regulate trade — those denied her right to legislate for 
 America at all. One would have omitted the Quebec 
 bill from the list of grievances — another held it to be 
 of them all the very worst. Some were for paying 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 37 
 
 an indemnity for the destruction of the tea — otheis 
 cried out that this were to yield the point at once. 
 One was defiant, a second conciliatory ; Gadsden de- 
 sired independence ; Washington believed that it was 
 vashed for by no thinking man. 
 
 It was with a full sense of the diversity of these 
 views, of the importance of a speedy decision, and of 
 the danger of dissension, that the Congress reassem- 
 bled the next morning. 
 
 When the doors had been closed and the pre- 
 liminaries gone through with, it is related that an 
 oppressive silence prevailed for a long time before any 
 man spoke. No one seemed willing to take the lead. 
 It was a season of great doubt and greater danger. 
 Now, for the first time perhaps, when the excitement 
 of the assembling had passed away, and reflection had 
 come to calm men's minds, the members realized com- 
 pletely the importance of their acts. Their country- 
 men watched and waited everywhere. In the most 
 distant hamlet beyond the mountains, in the lonely 
 cabin by the sea, eyes were turned to this place with 
 anxious longing, and yonder, in the North, the brave 
 town lay patient in her chains, resting her hopes for 
 deliverance upon them. And not Boston only, nor 
 Massachusetts, depended upon them. The fate of 
 humanity for generations was to be affected by their 
 acts. Perhaps in the stillness of this morning hour 
 there came to some of them a vision of the time to 
 come. Perhaps to him on whose great heart was 
 destined so long to lie the weight of all America it 
 was permitted to look beyond the present hour, like 
 
38 ORATIOK OF liEMiV ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 that great leader of an earlier race when he stood 
 silent upon a peak in Moab and overlooked the Prom- 
 ised Land. Like him, he was to be the chosen of his 
 people. Like him, soldier, lawgiver, statesman. Like 
 him, he was destined to lead his brethren through the 
 wilderness ; and, happier than he, was to behold the 
 fulfilment of his labor. Perhaps, as he sat here in the 
 solemn stillness that fell upon this company, he may 
 have seen, in imagination, the wonders of the century 
 that is complete to-day. If he had spoken, might he 
 not have said: I see a winter of trouble and distress, 
 and then the smoke of cannon in the North. I see 
 long years of suffering to be borne, our cities sacked, 
 our fields laid waste, our hearths made desolate ; men 
 trudging heavily through blood-stained snow, and 
 wailing women refusing to be comforted. I see a time 
 of danger and defeat, and then a day of victory. I 
 see this people, virtuous and free, founding a govern- 
 ment on the rigrhts of man. I see that orovern- 
 ment grown strong, that people prosperous, pushing 
 its way across a continent. I see these villages 
 become wealthy cities, these colonies great States, the 
 Union we are about to found a power among the 
 nations, and I know that fiiture generations shall rise 
 up and call us blessed. 
 
 Such might have been his thoughts as these founders 
 of an empire sat for a while silent, face to face. It 
 was the stillness of the last hour of night before the 
 morning breaks ; it was the quiet which precedes the 
 storm. Suddenly, in some part of this hall a man rose 
 up. His form was tall and angular, and his short wig 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 39 
 
 and coat of black gave him the appearance of a 
 clergyman. His complexion was swarthy, his nose 
 long and straight, his mouth large, but with a firm 
 expression on the thin lips, and his forehead exception- 
 all}' high. The most remarkable feature of his face 
 was a pair of deep-set eyes, of piercing brilliancy, 
 changing so constantly with the emotions which they 
 expressed that none could tell the color of them. He 
 began to speak in a hesitating manner, faltering 
 through the opening sentences, as if fully convinced 
 of the inability, which he expressed, to do justice to 
 his theme. But presently, as he reviewed the wrongs 
 of the colonies through the past ten years, his cheek 
 glowed and his eye flashed fire and his voice rang out 
 rich and full, like a trumpet, through this hall. He 
 seemed not to speak like mortal man, thought one 
 who heard him ten years before in the Virginia House 
 of Burgesses ; and a recent essayist in a leading 
 English Review has remarked, that, judging by effects, 
 he was one of the greatest orators that ever lived.* 
 There was no report made of his speech that day, but 
 from the notes which John Adams kept of the debate 
 we may learn what line of argument he took. He 
 spoke of the attacks made upon America by the king 
 and ministry of Great Britain, counselled a union 
 in the general defence, and predicted that future gener- 
 ations would quote the proceedings of this Congress 
 with applause. A step in advance of his time, as he 
 .had ever been, he went far beyond the spirit of the 
 other delegates, who, with the exception of the 
 
 * Essays, by A. Hayward, Esq., Q. C, vol. iii. 
 
40 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN: 
 
 Adamses and Gadsden, did not counsel or desire in- 
 dependence. "An entire new government must be 
 founded," was his cry ; " this is the first in a never- 
 ending succession of Congresses," his prophecy. And 
 gathering up, as it was the gift of his genius to do, 
 the thought that was foremost in every mind about 
 him, he spoke it in a single phrase : " British oppres- 
 sion has effaced the boundaries of the several colo- 
 nies ; I am not a Virginian, but an American." 
 
 My countrymen, we cannot exaggerate the debt we 
 owe this man. The strength of his intellect, the fer- 
 vor of his eloquence, the earnestness of his patriotism 
 and the courage of his heart placed him in the front 
 rank of those early patriots, and he stands among 
 them the model of a more than Roman virtue. His 
 eloquence was one of the chief forces of the Amer- 
 ican Revolution — as necessary to that great cause as 
 the intelligence of Franklin, the will of Samuel Adams, 
 the pen of Thomas Jefferson, or the sword of Wash- 
 ington. In such times of a nation's trial there is al- 
 ways one voice which speaks for all. It echoes the 
 spirit of the age — proud or defiant, glad or mournful, 
 now raised in triumph, now lifted up in lamentation. 
 Greece stood on the Bema with Demosthenes ; indig- 
 nant Rome thundered against Catiline with the tongue 
 of Cicero. The proud eloquence of Chatham rang 
 out the triumphs of the English name, and France 
 stood still to hear her Mirabeau. Ireland herself 
 pleaded for liberty when Henry Grattan spoke, and 
 the voice of Patrick Henry was the voice of America, 
 struggling to be free ! 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 4 1 
 
 Rest in peace, pure and patriotic heart ! Thy work 
 is finished and thy fame secure. Dead for three-quar- 
 ters of a century, thou art still speaking to the sons 
 of men. Through all descending time- thy country- 
 men shall repeat thy glowing words, and, as the pages 
 of their greatest bard kept strong the virtue of the 
 Grecian youth, so from the grave shalt thou, who 
 " spoke as Homer wrote,"* inspire in the hearts of men 
 to be that love of liberty which filled thine own ! 
 
 Great as were at first the differences of interest and 
 opinion among the members of the Congress of 1774, 
 there were none which their patriotic spirits could not 
 reconcile. It was the salvation of the Americans that 
 they had chosen for their counsellors men who be- 
 lieved, with Thomas Jefferson, that " the whole art of 
 government consists in the art of being honest,"f and 
 who were enthusiastic lovers of their country. No 
 matter how strong had been their individual opinions, 
 or how dear the separate interests involved, there 
 seemed to these men no sacrifice too great to make 
 for the common cause. As the debates progressed 
 different views were reconciled and pet theories sac- 
 rificed to the general judgment. Day after day they 
 became more united and confidence increased. " This," 
 wrote John Adams on the 17th of September, "was 
 one of the happiest days of my life. In Congress we 
 had noble sentiments and manly eloquence. This 
 day convinced me that America will support the Massa- 
 chusetts or perish .with her."J After a full and free 
 
 * Memoir of Thomas Jefferson, vol. i., p. 3. f Idem, p. 115. 
 
 J Journal of John Adams, vol. ii., p. 380. 
 
4^ ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT DROIVN. 
 
 discussion, in which the subject was considered in all 
 its aspects, it was decided that each colony was enti- 
 tled to a single vote. By this means the integrity of 
 the provinces was preserved, and out of it grew the 
 theory, so familiar to us, of the sovereignty of the 
 State. It was next agreed upon to rest the rights of 
 the colonies on a historical basis. By this wise deter- 
 mination the appearance of a revolution was avoided, 
 while the fact remained the same. Nor was there a 
 sudden break in the long chain of the nation's history ; 
 the change was gradual, not abrupt. The common 
 law of England, under the benign influence of which 
 the young colonies had grown up, remained un- 
 changed, and when, in less than two years, the Dec- 
 laration of Independence created a new government, 
 the commonwealth quietly took the place of king. 
 The revolution was then complete ; the struggle which 
 followed was merely to secure it; and the American 
 grew strong with the belief that it was his part to de- 
 fend, not to attack — to preserve, not to destroy ; and 
 that he was fighting over again on his own soil the 
 battle for civil liberty which his forefathers had won in 
 England more than a century before. We cannot too 
 highly prize the wisdom which thus shaped the strug- 
 gle. Having decided these points, the Congress agreed 
 upon a declaration of rights. First, then, they named 
 as natural rights the enjoyment of life, liberty and for- 
 tune. They next claimed, as British subjects, to be 
 bound by no law to which they had not consented by 
 their chosen representatives (excepting such as might 
 be mutually agreed upon as necessary for the regula- 
 
CARPEiXTERS' I/ALL. 43 
 
 tion of trade). They denied to Parliament all power 
 of taxation, and vested the right of legislation in their 
 own Assemblies. , The common law of England they 
 declared to be their birthright, including the rights of 
 a trial by a jury of the vicinage, of public meetings 
 and petition. They protested against the maintenance 
 in the colonies of standing armies without their full 
 consent, and against all legislation by councils depend- 
 ent on the Crown. Having thus proclaimed their 
 rights, they calmly enumerated the various acts which 
 had been passed in derogation of them. These were 
 eleven in number, passed in as many years — the Sugar 
 Act, the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, those which provided 
 for the quartering of the troops, for the supersedure 
 of the New York Legislature, for the trial in Great 
 Britain of offences committed in America, for the reg- 
 ulation of the government of Massachusetts, for the 
 shutting of the port of Boston, and the last straw, 
 known as the Quebec Bill. 
 
 Their next care was to suggest the remedy. On 
 the 1 8th of October they adopted the articles of 
 American Association, the signing of which (on the 
 20th) should be regarded as the commencement of 
 the American Union. By its provisions, to which they 
 individually and as a body solemnly agreed, they 
 pledged the colonies to an entire commercial non- 
 intercourse with Great Britain, Ireland, the West 
 Indies, and such North American provinces as did not 
 join the Association, until the acts of which America 
 complained were all repealed. In strong language 
 they denounced the slave-trade, and agreed to hold 
 
44 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 non-intercourse with all who engaged therein. They 
 urged upon their fellow-countrymen the duties of 
 economy, frugality and the developpient of their own 
 resources ; directed the appointment of committees in 
 every town and village to detect and punish all vio- 
 lators of the Association, and inform each other from 
 time to time of the condition of affairs ; and bound 
 themselves, finally, to carry out the provisions of the 
 Association by the sacred ties of "virtue, honor and 
 love of country." 
 
 Having thus declared their rights, and their fixed 
 determination to defend them, they sought to concil- 
 iate their English brethren. In one of the most re- 
 markable state papers ever written they called upon 
 the people of Great Britain in a firm but affectionate 
 tone to consider the cause for which America was con- 
 tending as one in which the inhabitants of the whole 
 empire were concerned, adroitly reminding them that 
 the power which threatened the liberties of its Amer- 
 ican might more easily destroy those of its English 
 subjects. They rehearsed the history of their wrongs, 
 and " demanded nothing but to be restored to the con- 
 dition in which they were in 1763." Appealing at last 
 to the justice of the British nation for a Parliament 
 which should overthrow the " power of a wicked and 
 corrupt ministry," they used these bold and noble 
 words : " Permit us to be as free as yourselves, and 
 we shall ever esteem a union with you to be our 
 greatest glory and our greatest happiness ; we shall 
 ever be ready to contribute all in our power to the 
 welfare of the empire ; we shall consider your ene- 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 45 
 
 mies as our enemies, your interests as our own. But 
 if you are determined that your ministers shall sport 
 wantonly with the rights of mankind — if neither the 
 voice of justice, the dictates of the law, the principles 
 of the constitution, nor the suggestions of humanity 
 can restrain your hands from shedding blood in such 
 an impious cause — we must then tell you that we will 
 never submit to be hewers of wood or drawers of 
 water for any ministry or nation in the world." 
 
 In an address to the people of Quebec they 
 described the despotic tendency of the late change in 
 their government effected by the Quebec Bill, which 
 threatened to deprive them of the blessings to which 
 they were entitled on becoming English subjects, 
 naming particularly the rights of representation, of 
 trial by jury, of liberty of person and habeas corpus, 
 of the tenure of land by easy rents instead of oppress- 
 ive services, and especially that right so essential " to 
 the advancement of truth, science, art and morality," 
 " to the diffusion of liberal sentiments " and " the pro- 
 motion of union " — " the freedom of the press." 
 " These are the rights," said they, " without which a 
 people cannot be free and happy," and " which we are, 
 with one mind, resolved never to resign but with our 
 lives." In conclusion, they urged the Canadians to 
 unite with their fellow-colonists below the St. Lawrence 
 in the measures recommended for the common good. 
 They also prepared letters to the people of St. John's, 
 Nova Scotia, Georgia, and East and West Florida, 
 who were not represented in this Congress, asking 
 for their co-operation and support. 
 
46 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 Nor was anything omitted by these men which 
 could soften the hearts of their oppressors. Dechning 
 to petition ParHament, they had addressed themselves 
 to the people, recognizing in them for the first time 
 the sovereign power. They now decided to petition 
 the king. In words both humble and respectful, they 
 renewed their allegiance to his crown, detailed the 
 injuries inflicted on them by his ministers, and be- 
 sought his interference in their behalf. " We ask," 
 they said, " but for peace, liberty and safety. We 
 wish not a diminution of the prerogative, nor do we 
 solicit the grant of any new right in our favor. Youi 
 royal authority over us and our connection with Great 
 Britain we shall always carefully and zealously en- 
 deavor to support and maintain." Solemnly profess- 
 ing that their "counsels were influenced by no other 
 motive than a dread of impending destruction," they 
 earnestly besought their " Most Gracious Sovereign " 
 " in the name of his faithful people in America," " for 
 the honor of Almighty God," " for his own glory," 
 " the interest of his family," and the good and welfare 
 of his kingdom, to suffer not the most sacred " ties to 
 be further violated" in the vain hope "of effects" 
 which, even if secured, could " never compensate for 
 the calamities through which they must be gained." 
 
 There remained now for the Congress but one 
 thing to do — to render to its countrymen an account 
 of its stewardship. In a long letter to their constit- 
 uents the delegates gave a summary of their proceed- 
 ings, of the difficulties they had encountered, the 
 opinions they had formed, the policy they had agreed 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. f/ 
 
 to recommend," and, with a mournful prophecy of the 
 trials that were at hand, urged their fellow-countrymen 
 " to be in all respects prepared for every contingency." 
 Such were, in brief, the memorable state papers issued 
 by the First Continental Congress. And, terrible as 
 were the danglers which seemed to threaten them from 
 without, its members were to be subjected to a trial 
 from within. On the 28th of September, Joseph 
 Gallo'-'-ay of Pennsylvania submitted to the Congress 
 his famous plan.* A man of talent and address, at 
 one time high in the opinion and confidence of Frank- 
 lin, he stood at the head of the Pennsylvania dele- 
 gation. The Speaker of the House of Assembly, he 
 had wielded great influence in the policy of the prov- 
 ince. Cold, cautious and at heart a thorough royalist, 
 he determined, if possible, to nip the patriotic move- 
 ment in the bud. Seconded by Duane of New York, 
 he moved that the Congress should recommend the 
 establishment of a British and American government, 
 to consist of a President-General, appointed by the 
 king, and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the seve- 
 ral Legislatures; that the Council should have co- 
 ordinate powers with the British House of Commons, 
 either body to originate a law, but the consent of both 
 to be necessary to its passage ; the members of the 
 Council to be chosen for three years, the President- 
 General to hold office at the pleasure of the king. 
 Here, then, was an ingenious trap in the very path of 
 the infant nation. Some men, and good ones, too, 
 
 * Vide Tucker's Hist., vol. i.,p. iii. Sabine's American Loyalists, vol. i., 
 p. 309. John Adams' Works, vol. ii., p. 389. 
 
48 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 fell into it. The project was earnestly supported by 
 Duane. The younger Rutledge thought it "almost 
 perfect," and it met with the warm approbation of the 
 conservative Jay. But wiser men prevailed. The 
 Virginian and Massachusetts members opposed it 
 earnestly. Samuel Adams saw in it the doom of all 
 hope for liberty, and Henry condemned in every 
 aspect the proposal to substitute for "a corrupt House 
 of Commons" a "corruptible" legislature, and entrust 
 the power of taxation to a body not elected directly 
 by the people. His views were those of the majority, 
 and the dangerous proposition met with a prompt 
 defeat. The Suffolk county resolutions, adopted on 
 the gth of September at Milton, Massachusetts, had 
 reached Philadelphia and the Congress on the 17th, 
 and awakened in every breast the warmest admira- 
 tion and sympathy. Resolutions were unanimously 
 adopted expressing these feelings in earnest language, 
 recommending to their brethren of Suffolk county 
 " a perseverance in the same firm and temperate con- 
 duct," and urging upon the people of the other colo- 
 nies the duty of contributing freely to the necessities 
 of the Bostonians. There now came a still more 
 t-ouching appeal from Massachusetts. " The gover- 
 lor," it said, " was suffering the soldiery to treat both 
 town and country as declared enemies ;" the course 
 of trade was stopped ; the administration of law 
 obstructed ; a state of anarchy prevailed. Filled with 
 the spirit which in olden times had led the Athenians 
 to leave their city to the foe and make their ships 
 their country, this gallant people promised to obey 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 49 
 
 should the Congress advise them to "quit tlieir 
 town ;" but if it is judged, they added, that " by main- 
 taining their ground they can better serve the pubUc 
 cause, they will not shrink from hardship and dan- 
 ger." === Such an appeal as this could not have waited 
 long for a worthy answer from the men of the First 
 American Congress. The letter was received upon 
 October 6th. Two days later the official journal con- 
 tains these words : " Upon motion it was resolved 
 that this Congress approve the opposition of the 
 inhabitants of the Massachusetts Bay to the execution 
 of the late acts of Parliament ; and if the same shall 
 be attempted to be carried into execution, all America 
 ought to support them in their opposition." " This," 
 says the historian, " is the measure which hardened 
 George the Third to listen to no terms." ■\ In vain 
 conciliation and kind words ; in vain all assurances of 
 affection and of loyalty. The men of Massachusetts 
 are traitors to their king, and the Congress of all the 
 colonies upholds them in rebellion. " Henceforth," 
 says Bancroft, " conciliation became impossible." 
 
 Having thus asserted their rights to the enjoyment 
 of life, liberty and fortune ; their resistance to taxa- 
 tion without representation ; their purpose to defend 
 their ancient charters from assault ; having denounced 
 
 * The spirit of this people is reflected in a letter from Boston printed in the 
 Pennsylvania Packet for Oct. 10, 1774, describing a conversation which the 
 writer had with a fisherman. " I said : ' Don't you think it time to submit, pay 
 for the tea, and get the harbor opened ?' ' Submit ? No. It can never be time 
 to become slaves. I have yet some pork and meal, and when they are gone I 
 will eat clams ; and after we have dug up all the clam-banks, if the Congress 
 will not let us fight, I will retreat to the woods : I am always sure of acorns !' " 
 
 I Bancroft's Hist., vol. vii., p. 145. 
 
50 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 the slave trade in language which startled the world, 
 and recognized, for the first time in history, the People 
 as the source of Authority; having laid the firm foun- 
 dations of a Union based upon Freedom and Equality, 
 — the First Congress passed out of existence on the 
 26th of October, after a session of two and fifty days. 
 Half a hundred men, born in a new country, bred 
 amid trials and privations, chosen from every rank of 
 life, untried in diplomacy, unskilled in letters, untrained 
 in statecraft, called suddenly together in a troubled 
 time to advise a hitherto divided people, they had 
 shown a tact, a judgment, a self-command and a sin- 
 cere love of country hardly to be found in the proud- 
 est annals of antiquity. And their countrymen were 
 worthy of them. If the manner in which they had 
 fulfilled their duties had been extraordinary, the spirit 
 with which their counsels were received was still more 
 remarkable. In every part of the country the recom- 
 mendations of the Congress were obeyed as binding 
 law. No despotic power in any period of history ex- 
 ercised over the minds and hearts of men a more 
 complete control. The Articles of Association were 
 signed by tens of thousands, the spirit of Union grew 
 strong in every breast, and the Americans steadily 
 prepared to meet the worst. The stirring influence 
 of this example penetrated to the most distant lands. 
 "The Congress," wrote Dr. Franklin from London in 
 the following winter, " is in high favor here among the 
 friends of liberty," * ' "For a long time," cried the elo- 
 
 '^ Letter to Charles Thomson, 5th Feb., 1775; Watson's Annals of Philadel- 
 phia, vol. i., p. 421. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 5 I 
 
 quent Charles Botta, "no spectacle has been offered 
 to the attention of mankind of so powerful an interest 
 as this of the present American Congress."* "It is 
 impossible," says the Scotch writer, Grahame, " to read 
 of its transactions without the highest admiration." -j- 
 " There never was a body of delegates more faithful 
 to the interests of their constituents," was the opinion 
 of David Ramsay, the historian. J "From the moment 
 of their first debates," De Tocqueville says, " Europe 
 was moved." § The judgment of John Adams de- 
 clared them to be, " in point of abilities, virtues and 
 fortunes, the greatest men upon the continent." || 
 Charles Thomson, in the evening of his well-spent 
 life, pronounced them the purest and ablest patriots 
 he had ever known ; ^ and, in the very face of king 
 and Parliament, the illustrious Chatham spoke of them 
 the well-known words: " I must avow and declare that 
 in all my reading of history — and it has been my fa- 
 vorite study ; I have read Thucydides and admired the 
 master states of the world — that for solidity of reason- 
 ing, force of sagacity and wisdom, of conclusion, under 
 such a complication of circumstances, no nation or 
 body of men can stand in preference to the Gen- 
 eral Congress assembled in Philadelphia."** Long 
 •years have passed, and there have been many changes 
 
 * Otis's Botta, vol. i., p. 128. 
 
 f Hist, of the U. S., by James Grahame, LL.D., vol. ii., p. 496, 
 
 I Hist, of the American Revolution, by David Ramsay, M. D., vol. i., p. 174. 
 5 La Dlmocratie en Amerique, by Alexis de Tocqueville, vol. iii., p. 182. 
 
 II John Adams' Letters to his Wife, vol. i., p. 21. 
 
 IT Field-Book of the Revolution, by B. J. LossiNG, vol. ii., p. 60 — note. 
 ** Speech in Favor of the Removal of Troops from Boston, Jan. 20, 1775. 
 
52 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 in the governments of men. The century which has 
 elapsed has been crowded with great events, but the 
 calm judgment of posterity has confirmed that opin- 
 ion, and mankind has not ceased to admire the spec- 
 tacle which was once enacted here. '' But that you 
 may be more earnest in the defence of your country," 
 cried the great Roman orator, speaking in a vision 
 with the tongue of Scipio, "know from me that a cer- 
 tain place in heaven is assigned to all who have pre- 
 served, or assisted, or improved their country, where 
 they are to enjoy an endless duration of happiness. 
 For there is nothing which takes place on earth more 
 acceptable to the Supreme Deity, who governs all this 
 world, than those councils and assemblies of men, 
 bound together by law, which are termed states ; the 
 founders and preservers of these come from heaven, 
 and thither do they return."* The founders and pre- 
 servers of this Union have vanished from the earth, 
 those true lovers of their country have long since 
 been consigned into her keeping, but their memory 
 clings around this place, and hath hallowed it for ever- 
 more. Here shall men come as to a sanctuary. Here 
 shall they gather with each returning anniversary, and 
 as the story of these lives falls from the lips of him 
 who shall then stand where I stand to-day, their souls 
 shall be stirred within them and their hearts be lifted 
 up, and none shall despair of the Republic while she 
 can find among her children the courage, the wisdom, 
 the eloquence, the self-sacrifice, the lofty patriotism 
 
 * Cicero, De Re Publico, lib. vi. : Somnium Scipionis, \ iii. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 53 
 
 and the spotless honor of those who assembled in this 
 hall an hundred years ago. 
 
 The conditions of Hfe are always changing, and the 
 experience of the fathers is rarely the experience of 
 the sons. The temptations which are trying us. are 
 not the temptations which beset their footsteps, nor 
 the dangers which threaten our pathway the dangers 
 which surrounded them. These men were few in 
 number, we are many. They were poor, but we are 
 rich. They were weak, but we are strong. What is 
 it, countrymen, that we need to-day? Wealth? 
 Behold it in your hands. Power? God hath given it 
 you. Liberty? It is your birthright. Peace? It 
 dwells amongst you. You have a government founded 
 in the heart of men, built by the people for the com- 
 mon good. You have a land flowing with milk and 
 honey; your homes are happy, your workshops busy, 
 your barns are full. The school, the railway, the tele- 
 graph, the printing-press have welded you together 
 into one. Descend those mines that honeycomb the 
 hills. Behold that commerce whitening every sea ! 
 Stand by your gates and see that multitude pour 
 through them from the corners of the earth, grafting 
 the qualities of older stocks upon one stem, mingHng 
 the blood of many races in a common stream, and 
 swelling the rich volume of our English speech with 
 varied music from an hundred tongues. You have a 
 long and glorious history, a past glittering with heroic 
 deeds, an ancestry full of lofty and imperishable ex- 
 amples. You have passed through danger, endured 
 privation, been acquainted with sorrow, been tried by 
 
54 ORATfON OF HENRY ARA'/nUT BROWN. 
 
 suffering. You have journeyed in safety through the 
 wilderness and crossed in triumph the Red Sea of 
 civil strife, and the foot of Him who led you hath not 
 faltered nor the light of His countenance been turned 
 away! It is a question for us now, not of the found- 
 ing of a new government, but of the preservation of 
 one already old ; not of the formation of an inde- 
 pendent power, but of the purification of a nation's 
 life ; not of the conquest of a foreign foe, but of the 
 subjection of ourselves. The capacity of man to rule 
 himself is to be proven in the days to come — not by 
 the greatness of his wealth, not by his valor in the 
 field, not by the extent of his dominion, not by the 
 splendor of his genius. The dangers of to-day come 
 from within. The worship of self, the love of power, 
 the lust for gold, the weakening of faith, the decay 
 of public virtue, the lack of private worth, — these are 
 the perils which threaten our future; these are the 
 enemies we have to fear; these are the traitors which 
 infest the camp ; and the danger was far less when 
 Catiline knocked with his army at the gates of Rome 
 than when he sat smiling in the Senate-House. We 
 see them daily face to face — in the walk of virtue, in 
 the road to wealth, in the path to honor, on the way to 
 happiness. There is no peace between them and our 
 safety. Nor can we avoid them and turn back. It is 
 not enough to rest upon the past. No man or nation 
 can stand still. We must mount upward or go down. 
 We must grow worse or better. It is the Eternal 
 Law — we cannot change it. Nor are we only con- 
 cerned in what we do. This government which our 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 55 
 
 ancestors have built has been "a refuge for the 
 oppressed of every race and clime," where they have 
 gathered for a century. The fugitive of earlier times 
 knew no such shelter among the homes of men. 
 Cold, naked, bleeding, there was no safety for him 
 save at the altars of imagined gods. I have seen one 
 of the most famous of those ancient sanctuaries. On 
 a bright day in spring-time I looked out over acres of 
 ruins. Beside me the blue sea plashed upon a beach 
 strewn with broken marble. That sacred floor, 
 polished with the penitential knees of centuries, was 
 half hidden with heaps of rubbish and giant weeds. 
 The fox had his den among the stones and the fowl of 
 the air her nest upon the capitals. No sound dis- 
 turbed them in their solitude, save sometimes the 
 tread of an adventurous stranger, or the stealthy foot- 
 fall of the wild beasts and wilder men that crept down 
 out of the surrounding hills under cover of the night. 
 The god had vanished, his seat was desolate, the 
 oracle was dumb. Far different was the temple which 
 our fathers builded, and "builded better than they 
 knew." The blood of martyrs was spilled on its 
 foundations, and a suffering people raised its walls with 
 prayer. Temple and fortress, it still stands, secure, 
 and the smile of Providence gilds plinth, architrave 
 and column. Greed is alone the Tarpeia that can 
 betray it, and vice the only Samson that can pull it 
 down. It is the Home of Liberty, as boundless as a 
 continent, "as broad and general as the casing air;" a 
 " temple not made with hands ;" a sanctuary that shall 
 not fall, but stand on for ever, founded in eternal truth ! 
 
56 ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 My countrymen, the moments are quickly passing, 
 and we stand like some traveller upon a lofty crag that 
 separates two boundless seas. The century that is 
 closing is complete. "The past," said your great 
 statesman, "is secure." It is finished, and beyond our 
 reach. The hand of detraction cannot dim its glories 
 nor the tears of repentance wipe away its stains. Its 
 good and evil, its joy and sorrow, its truth and falsehood, 
 its honor and its shame, we cannot touch. Sigh for 
 them, blush for them, weep for them, if we will ; we 
 cannot change them now. We might have done so 
 once, but we cannot now. The old century is dying, 
 and they are to be buried with him ; his history is 
 finished, and they will stand upon its roll for ever. 
 
 The century that is opening Is all our own. The 
 years that He before us are a virgin page. We can 
 Inscribe them as we will. The future of our country 
 rests upon us — the happiness of posterity depends on 
 us. The fate of humanity may be in our hands. That 
 pleading voice, choked with the sobs of ages, which 
 has so often spoken to deaf ears, is lifted up to us. 
 It asks us to be brave, benevolent, consistent, true to 
 the teachings of our history — proving " divine descent 
 by worth divine." It asks us to be virtuous, building 
 up public virtue upon private worth; seeking that 
 rlcfhteousness which exalteth nations. It asks us to 
 be patriotic — loving our country before all other 
 things ; her happiness our happiness, her honor ours, 
 her fame our own. It asks us in the name of Justice, 
 In the name of Charity, In the fiame of Freedom, in 
 
 * 
 
 the name of God! 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 57 
 
 My countrymen, this anniversary has gone by for 
 ever, and my task is done. While I have spoken the 
 hour has passed from us; the hand has moved upon 
 the dial, and the Old Century is dead. The American 
 Union hath endured an hundred years. Here, on this 
 threshold of the future, the voice of Humanity shall 
 not plead to us in vain. There shall be darkness in 
 the days to come ; danger for our courage ; tempta- 
 tion for our virtue ; doubt for our faith ; suffering for 
 our fortitude. A thousand shall fall before us and 
 tens of thousands at our right hand. The years shall 
 pass beneath our feet, and century follow century in 
 quick succession. The generations of men shall come 
 and go ; the greatness of yesterday shall be forgotten 
 to-day, and the glories of this noon shall vanish before 
 to-morrow's sun ; but America shall not perish, but 
 endure while the spirit of our fathers animates their 
 sons ! 
 
 Letters of regret for non-attendance were read. 
 
 From the President. 
 
 Long Branch, N. J., Sept. 5, 1874. 
 John M. Ogden, Walter Allison and Richai'd K. 
 Belts, Committee of the Carpenters Company : Your 
 invitation to me to attend the hundredth anniversary 
 meeting of the Continental Congress in their hall 
 on this day has, from accumulation of papers and 
 letters during my recent visit East, escaped my atten- 
 tion until this moment. 
 
58 ORATION OF HENRY A R MITT BROWN. 
 
 Please excuse apparent neglect. It would have af- 
 forded me pleasure to attend your exercises on an 
 occasion of so much interest. I hope they will be 
 attended with all the interest such an occasion should 
 naturally inspire. U. S. Grant. 
 
 From the Secretary of State. 
 Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, writes : 
 Gentlemen : I regret that official engagements com- 
 pel me to decline the invitation with which you have 
 honored me to attend the celebration of the 5th of 
 next month, by the Carpenters' Company of Philadel- 
 phia, of the one hundredth anniversary of the meet- 
 ing of the Continental Congress. But, although I 
 may not be personally present, you will have my sym- 
 pathies and my good wishes for the success of your 
 patriotic celebration. Very truly yours, 
 
 Hamilton Fish. 
 Washington, Aug. 29. 
 
 From the Secretary of War. 
 Hon. Wm. W. Belknap, Secretary of War, writes : 
 Gentlemen : I greatly regret that I am unable to 
 comply with your very kind invitation for Saturday, 
 September 5th. 
 
 Yours very respectfully, 
 
 Wm. W. Belknap, 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 59 
 
 Governor Hartranft writes: 
 Executive Chamber, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Aug. 31, 1874. 
 
 Messrs. John M. Ogden, Walter Allison, Richard 
 K. Belts, Committee, etc. — Gentlemen : I have the 
 honor to acknowledge the receipt of your invitation, 
 on behalf of the Carpenters' Company of Phila- 
 delphia, to preside at the celebration of the One Hun- 
 dredth Anniversary of the meeting of the Continental 
 Congress in this Hall on Saturday, the 5th day of 
 September, and beg leave to return my thanks for the 
 courtesy. 
 
 I sincerely regret that an official engagement, made 
 imperative by my relations to the military service of 
 the State, will prevent my participation in this cele- 
 bration of the Carpenters' Company — an occasion 
 that promises to be full of interest, and that will recall 
 the many and thrilling associations connected with the 
 old Hall, within whose venerable walls were held the 
 deliberations that prepared the way for the institutions 
 and liberty we to-day enjoy. 
 
 Surrounded with stately structures of brick, stone 
 and marble, in the midst of busy marts, noisy with the 
 hum of trade, within sight of wharves crowded with 
 shipping stands the quaint old Hall of the Carpenters' 
 Company, simple and unpretentious in its architecture, 
 but o-rand in the memories that cluster about it, and 
 eloquent of the change wrought in the prosperity and 
 wealth of the great city that now stretches its ample 
 and magnificent proportions miles away from the 
 plain little edifice in which the First Congress assem- 
 
6o ORATION OF HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 
 
 bled. Amid the storm and forebodings that attended 
 the first session of the Continental Congress in 1774, 
 would the most sanguine of the patriots there assem- 
 bled have for a moment conceived of the grandeur of 
 a century's growth of the country whose foundations 
 were then so wisely and securely laid? It is proper, 
 therefore, as your card of invitation states, "to make 
 this Centennial a fitting remembrance of the gratitude 
 the nation of to-day owes to the patriots of 1774." 
 
 Renewing my regrets that another engagement will 
 forbid my attendance, I again thank you for the 
 graceful compliment paid me in requesting me to pre- 
 side at your celebration, which I hope will prove alike 
 pleasant and instructive. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 J. F. Hartranft. 
 
 LETTER OF REGRET. 
 
 Benson J. Lossing, the historian, concludes his letter 
 thus: 
 
 .... I rejoice that you have renovated your build- 
 ing, and that henceforth it is to be devoted to the 
 uses for which it was originally erected, and so pre- 
 served in the form it presented when the Congress 
 assembled therein. It is a patriotic act for which you 
 merit and will receive the cordial thanks of every true 
 American. 
 
 With that Hall in possession, the Carpenters' 
 Company of Philadelphia will ever be associated with 
 the most sacred events in the history of our country. 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 6 1 
 
 There the measures were begun which led to Inde- 
 pendence ; therefore Carpenters' Hall and Independ- 
 ence Hall should hold an equal place in the affections 
 and reverence of the American people, and all de- 
 fenders of the rights of man. 
 
 With the expression of my sincere thanks for your 
 courtesy, I am, gentlemen, your friend and fellow- 
 citizen, Benson J. Lossing. 
 
 Letters of regret were read from Commodore 
 George H. Preble ;. Hon. John A. Dix, Governor of 
 New York ; Hon. Joel Parker, Governor of New 
 Jersey ; Hon. Julius Converse, Governor of Vermont ; 
 John Wm. Wallace, President of the Historical So- 
 ciety of Pennsylvania ; and many other distinguished 
 citizens. 
 
 The following hymn, written for the occasion, led by 
 De Witt Clinton Moore, was sung standing with great 
 spirit by the whole audience. 
 
 CENTENNIAL JUBILEE. 
 
 BY DR. A. BEECHER BARNES. 
 
 [Sung at the close of the Oration. Tune — ■• Auld Lang Syne.") 
 The rolling hours of time have past, 
 
 And brought a hundred years ; 
 We sing their requiem at last 
 
 Amid the world's loud cheers. 
 
 The chorus of the nation's chime 
 
 And tuneful anthems rise, 
 Like music of the spheres sublime. 
 
 And shake the echoing skies. 
 
62 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 Here, where tolled out the despot's knell, 
 
 And freedom had its birth. 
 Where Independence Hall and Bell 
 
 Rang out o'er all the earth — 
 
 Welcome, thrice welcome, mighty throng. 
 
 From every land and sea ; 
 Come, join the everlasting song 
 
 Of freedom's jubilee. 
 
 God of our Fathers ! first and last 
 
 Devout we worship Thee ; 
 From every stain of sin and crime, 
 
 Oh come and make us free. 
 
 Then pure and strong our land will be, 
 
 And glory from above 
 Shall crown our first Centennial 
 
 And city of our love. 
 
 Come, nations, kindred, tribes ! and see 
 
 Our freedom sealed in blood. 
 And celebrate our liberty — • 
 
 Freedom to worship God ! 
 
 A vote of thanks was then tendered to H. Arn.irt 
 Brown, for his eloquent and thrilling oration, with a 
 request that he furnish a copy for publication. Also, 
 the thanks of the meeting to the Chairman, Mr. 
 Welsh. The meeting then adjourned. 
 
 The following are the resolutions to which the sig- 
 natures of the members of Congress were attached, 
 forminof the first bond of union between the colonies. 
 
 "We do, for ourselves, and the inhabitants of the several colo- 
 nies whom we represent, firmly agree and associate, under the 
 sacred ties of virtue, honor and love of country, as follows : 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 63 
 
 "First. That from and after the first day of December next we 
 will not import, into British- America, from Great-Britain or Ire- 
 land, any goods, wares or merchandise whatsoever, or from any 
 other place, any stjch goods, wares or merchandise, as shall have 
 been exported from Great-Britain or Ireland ; nor will we, after 
 that day, import any East-India tea from any part of the world ; 
 nor any molasses, syrups, paneles, coffee or pimento from the 
 British plantations or from Dominica ; nor wines from Ma,deira 
 or the Western Islands ; nor foreign indigo. 
 
 " Second. We will neither import nor purchase any slave im- 
 ported after the first day of December next ; after which time we 
 will wholly discontinue the slave trade, and will neither be con- 
 cerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our vessels nor sell our 
 commodities or manufacture? to those who are concerned in it. 
 
 "Third. Asa non-consun\ption agreement, strictly adhered to, 
 will be an effectual security for the observation of the non-impor- 
 tation, we, as above, solemnly agree and associate that from this 
 day we will not purchase or use any tea imported on account of 
 the East-India Company, or any on which a duty hath been or shall 
 be paid ; and from and after the first day of March next, we will 
 not purchase or use any East-India tea whatever ; nor will we, nor 
 shall any person for or under us, purchase or use any of those goods, 
 wares or merchandise we have agreed not to import, which we 
 shall know, or have cause to suspect, were imported after the first 
 day of December, except such as come under the rules and direc- 
 tions of the tenth article, hereafter mentioned. 
 
 " Fourth. The earnest desire we have not to injure our fellow- 
 subjects in Great-Britain, Ireland or the West-Indies induces us to , 
 suspend a non-exportation until the tenth day of September, 1775 ; 
 at which time, if the said acts and parts of acts of the British 
 Parliament hereinafter mentioned are not repealed, we will not 
 directly or indirectly export any merchandise or commodity what- 
 soever to Great-Britain, Ireland or the West-Indies, except rice to 
 Europe. 
 
 " Fifth. Such as are merchants, and use the British and Irish 
 trade, will give orders, as soon as possible, to their factors, agents 
 
64 ORATION OF HENRY A R MITT BROWN. 
 
 and correspondents, in Great-Britain and Ireland, not to ship any 
 goods to them on any pretence whatsoever, as they cannot be 
 received in America; and if any merchant, residing in Great- 
 Britain or Ireland, shall directly or indirectly ship any goods, 
 wares or merchandise for America, in order to break the said non- 
 importation agreement, or in any manner contravene the same, on 
 such unworthy conduct being well attested, it ought to be made 
 public; and, on the same being so done, we will not, from thence- 
 forth, have any commercial connection with such merchant. 
 
 "Sixth. That such as are owners of vessels will give positive 
 orders to their captains, or masters, not to receive on board their 
 vessels any goods prohibited by the said non-importation agree- 
 ment, on pain of immediate dismission from their service. 
 
 " Seventh. We will use our -utmost endeavors to improve the 
 breed of sheep, and increase their number to the greatest extent ; 
 and to that end, we will kill them as seldom as may be, especially 
 those of the most profitable kind, nor will we export any to the 
 West-Indies or elsewhere ; and those of us, who are or may become 
 overstocked with or can conveniendy spare any sheep, will dispose 
 of them to our neighbors, especially to the poorer sort, on moder- 
 ate terms. 
 
 "Eighth. We will, in our several stations, encourage frugality, 
 economy, and industry, and promote agriculture, arts and the man- 
 ufactures of this country, especially that of wool ; and will dis- 
 countenance and discourage every species of extravagance and dis- 
 sipation, especially all horse-racing, and all kinds of gaming, cock- 
 fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diver 
 siohs and entertainments ; and on the death of any relation or 
 friend, none of us, or any of our families, will go into any further 
 mourning-dress than a black crape or ribbon on the arm or hat 
 for gentlemen, and a black ribbon and necklace for ladies, and we 
 will discontinue the giving of gloves and scarfs at funerals. 
 
 "Ninth. Such as are vendors of goods or merchandise will not 
 take advantage of the scarcity of goods, that may be occasioned by 
 this association, but will sell the same at the rates we have been 
 respectively accustomed to do for twelve months last past. And 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 65 
 
 if any vendor of goods or merchandise shall sell any such gobds 
 on higher terms, or shall, in any manner, or by any device whatso- 
 ever, violate or depart from this agreement, no person ought, nor 
 will any of us, deal with any such person, or his or her factor or 
 agent, at any time thereafter, for any commodity whatever. 
 
 "Tenth. In case any merchant, trader or other person shall 
 import any goods or merchandise after the iirst day of December 
 and before the first day of February next, the same ought forth- 
 with, at the election of the owner, to be either reshipped or 
 delivered up to the committee of the county or town wherein they 
 shall be imported, to be stored at the risk of the importer until 
 the non-importation agreement shall cease, or be sold under the 
 direction of the committee aforesaid ; and in the last-mentioned 
 case, the owner or owners of such goods shall be reimbursed out 
 of the sales the first cost and charges, the profit, if any, to be 
 applied toward relieving and employing such poor inhabitants of 
 the town of Boston as are immediate sufferers by the Boston Port 
 Bill ; and a particular account of all goods so returned, stored or 
 sold to be inserted in the public papers; and if any goods or 
 merchandises shall be imported after the said first day of February, 
 the same ought forthwith to be sent back again, without breaking 
 any of the packages thereof. 
 
 "Eleventh. That a committee be chosen in every county, city 
 and town, by those who are qualified to vote for representatives in 
 the legislature, whose business it shall be attentively to observe the 
 conduct of all persons touching this association ; and when it shall 
 be made to appear, to the satisfaction of a majority of any such 
 committee, that any person within the limits of their appointment 
 has violated this association, that such majority do forthwith cause 
 the truth of the case to be published in the gazette ; to the end, 
 that all such foes to the rights of British- A.merica may be publicly 
 known and universally contemned as the enemies of American 
 liberty ; and thenceforth we respectively will break off all dealings 
 with him or her. 
 
 " Twelfth. That the committee of correspondence, in the respect- 
 ive colonies, do frequently inspect the entries of their custom- 
 
66 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 houses, and inform each other, from time to time, of the true stale 
 thereof, and of every other material circumstance that may occur 
 relative to this association. 
 
 "Thirteenth. That all manufactures of this country be sold at 
 reasonable prices, so that no undue advantage be taken of a future 
 scarcity of goods. 
 
 "Fourteenth. And we do further agree and resolve that we will 
 have no trade, commerce, dealings or intercourse whatsoever, with 
 any colony or province, in North-America, which shall not accede 
 to or which shall hereafter violate this association, but will hold 
 them as unworthy of the rights of freemen, and as inimical to the 
 liberties of their country. 
 
 "And we do solemnly bind ourselves and our constituents, under 
 the ties aforesaid, to adhere to this association, until such parts of 
 the several acts of Parliament, passed since the close of the last 
 war, as impose or continue duties on tea, wine, molasses, syrups, 
 paneles, coffee, sugar, pimento, indigo, foreign paper, glass and 
 painters' colors, imported into America, and extend the powers of 
 the admiralty courts beyond their ancient limits, deprive the 
 American subject of trial by jury, authorize the judge's certificate 
 to indemnify the prosecutor from damages, that he might otherwise 
 be liable to, from a trial by his peers, require oppressive security 
 from a claimant of ships or goods seized, before he shall be allowed 
 to defend his property, are repealed. And until that part of the 
 act of the 12 G. 3, ch. 24, entitled 'An act for the better 
 securing His Majesty's dock-yards, magazines, ships, ammunition 
 and stores,' by which any persons charged with committing any 
 of the offences therein described, in America, may be tried in any 
 shire or county within the realm, is repealed ; and until the four 
 acts, passed the last session of Parliament — viz., that for stopping the 
 port and blocking up the harbor of Boston, that for altering the 
 charter and government of the Massachusetts Bay, and that which 
 is entitled 'An act for the better administration of justice, etc." 
 and that 'For extending the limits of Quebec, etc.'' — are repealed. 
 And we recommend it to the provincial conventions, and to the 
 committees in the respective colonies, to establish such further regu^ 
 
CARPENTERS' HALL. 
 
 67 
 
 lations as they may think proper, for carrying into execution this 
 association. 
 
 "The foregoing association, being determined upon by the Con- 
 gress, was ordered to be subscribed by the several members 
 thereof; and thereupon we have hereunto set our respective names 
 accordingly. 
 
 "In Congress, Philadelphia, October 20, 1774. 
 
 "Signed, Peyton Randolph, /'/-^«Vf«/. 
 
 New Hampshire, -c 
 
 Massachusetts Bay, < 
 
 Rhode Island, 
 
 Connecticut, 
 
 New York, 
 
 New jfersey, 
 
 John Sullivan, 
 Nathaniel Folsom. 
 
 Thomas Gushing, 
 Samuel Adams, 
 John Adams, 
 [ Robert Treat Paine. 
 
 f Stephen Hopkins, 
 I Samuel Ward. 
 
 {Eliphalet Dyer, 
 Roger Sherman, 
 Silas Deane. 
 
 ^ Isaac Low, 
 John Alsop, 
 John Jay, 
 James Duane, 
 William Floyd, 
 Henry Wisner, 
 S. Boerum, 
 Philip Livingston. 
 
 James Kinsey, 
 William Livingston, 
 Stephen Crane, 
 Richard Smith, 
 John De Hart. 
 
68 
 
 ORATION OF HENRY ARM ITT BROWN. 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 New Castle, ek. 
 
 Maryland, 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 North Carolina, 
 
 South Carolina, 
 
 Joseph Galloway, 
 John Dickinson, 
 Charles Humphreys, 
 Thomas Mifflin, 
 Edward Biddle, 
 John Morton, 
 George Ross. 
 
 Caesar Rodney, 
 Thomas M'Kean, 
 George Read. 
 
 Matthew Tilghman, 
 Thomas Johnson, 
 William Paca, 
 Samuel Chase. 
 
 Richard Henry Lee, 
 George Washington, 
 P. Henry, Jun., 
 Richard Bland, 
 Benjamin Harrison, 
 V Edmund Pendleton. 
 
 William Hooper, 
 Joseph Hewes, 
 R. Caswell. 
 
 ' Henry Middleton, 
 Thomas Lynch, 
 Christopher Gadsden, 
 John Rutledge, 
 Edward Rutledge." 
 

 
 
 
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