Cornell University Library KD 270 1066.B59 1881 Placita Anglo-Normann)ca:law cases from 3 1924 017 614 649 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924017614649 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA: LAW CASES FROM WILLIAM I. TO RIOHAED I. PRESERVED IN HISTORICAL RECORDS. ' BT / MELVILLE MADISON BIGELOW, AUTHOR OF " A TREATISE ON THE LAW OF ESTOPPEL," *' LEADING CASES ON TOUTS, WITH HISTORICAL NOTES," ETC. BOSTON : SOULE AND BUGBEE. 1881. ''( fi )'\ PREFACE. In the investigation, several years ago, of the English forms of action in tort from the time of Bracton, for the, writer's Leading Cases on Torts, the importance of a careful study of the litigation, and especially of the writs, of the Norman and sub-Norman time became very manifest J and the determination was then made to thoroughly explore the records of the age. The first- fruits of the undertaking are now offered to the student. The present volume embraces substantially all the recorded temporal, and a few ecclesiastical, litigations of the great period which begins with the Norman Conquest and ends with the beginning of the reign of Richard I. A few cases of the first half of Richard's reign are given, so as to make connexion with the Rotuli Curias Regis, which begin with the sixth year of that reign, and thus to complete the series of English Law Reports from the time of the Conquest. The volume is not a selection of cases, but contains all of a temporal nature that are of value, in the known legal monuments of the period. A few cases have, indeed, been omitted ; but only be- cause they were either clearly the spurious records of later times, or were manifestly incomplete. Of the first class are the litigations narrated in the false Ingulfs Chronicle of Crowland; and the editor IV PREFACE. may be thought to have erred in not excluding the case of Edwin v. William, p. 1, as properly coming within this class. See 1 Brady, History of England, 12, 270; 1 Ellis, Introd. to Doomsday, 56, 57 (ed. 1833). But without relying upon the entire faithfulness of the record of the case, or upon the fact that it has been treated as a genuine monument by Spelman, Coke, Dug- dale, and Wilkins, it was thought best to print it. The account presents a typical view of the new procedure in England, and this directly, as it professes, after the establishment of the Norman power. The plaintiff offers proof of his claim in the commoh formula, " as the king may direct;" and the king directs an inquisition, — the procedure which he had just brought from the Continent. And with regard to the claim itself, it is in perfect keeping with the policy of the Conqueror to conciliate and protect such as had not taken up arms against him, and were not likely to be dangerous subjects. To this extent the record may be trusted, whatever the trutli may be as to the time when it was made up, or as to the parties who figure in it. For no other purpose is it introduced in this book. Two difficulties arise with regard to the case in other aspects. The record states that the king issued a general writ in favour of all who, like Edwin, had maintained neutrality in the contest with Harold, commanding that their lands should be restored to them if wrongfully held, " and that they should thereafter be called Drengs." If this was intended to suggest the origin of dreng service, it is not entitled to credit. This species of allodial tenure, for such it appears to have been, was of Danish-Norse origin, and even in England probably antedated the Conquest. Professor Stubbs quotes a PUEFACE. V passage from Elton's Tenures of Kentj pp. 68^ 69, to that effect. " Quia vero non erant adhuc tempore regis Willelmi [primi] milites in Anglia, sed tkrenges, prse- cepit rex ut de eis milites fierent ad terram defenden- dam." 1 Stubbs, Const. Hist. 262, note. Nor is it true that all or any considerable part of those who had stood aloof from the war became drengs. There are very few references in Doomsday — not half a dozen — to dreng service ; and what is quite to the point, no drengs are mentioned in any of the various references to Sharnburn, the seat of Edwin and his associates. However, this fact does not tell generally against the record in question, since in a subsequent part of it, not used in this book, it is stated that the king's writ was not obeyed by the defendants. Indeed, it is not impossible that the author of the Sharnburn record merely mistook the purport of the writ of execution in the case, and that this simply directed that Edwin and his associates should receive their lands again and hold them as dreng tenants. Brady, however, has another objection to the case, and finding it in the way of one of his arguments, as he mistakenly supposes, hotly rejects it altogether. After palpably misrepresenting Camden as denying its genuine- ness (Britannia, p. 480, ed. 1637), he assigns as his own reason for rejecting the document the fact that no such name as Edwin or William, the butler, occurs in Dooms- day for Norfolk. But the casein question is represented to have occurred directly after the Conquest, that is, nearly twenty years before the making of the great survey; and the MS. expressly states that Edwin died in the time of the Conqueror, apparently before the survey. One of the chief parties to the litigation, the VI PUEKACIO. great earl, William de Warrena, docs, moreover, appear in Doomsdiiy as holding land in Sluivnburn. Vol. ii. p. 167. Ilowcvor, the student is now sufficiently put upon his caution concerning,'- the case; and alter this, the editor is quite willing to let the reet)rd stand in his book, as a late account of some early ease. The writs of Towksbury Abbey, 2 Monasticon, (!7-83 (ed. 18J.(i), are an example of tlie other class of omitted cases above referred to. Very few of these, however, would be of special value, even if perfect. They are all fairly represented by other writs here given. To this class belong also cases dismissed willi a mere statement of senlencc or judgment pronounced or exeeuted ; as in the well-known instance of the hanging of forty-four thieves by llalpli Basset, referred to in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, aiiiw 1131. But the editor has endeavoured to make a complete collection of records of litigation only; the book is in no sense intended as a Codex Diidomaticus, and all chariers and documents not relating to litigation have been excluded. Many of the extracts from Doomsday can hardly, perhaps, be termed "cases," but all of those presented illustrate some phase of the procedure or sub- stantive law of the period; and this fact is deemed sufli(dent justification for publishing them. In the Appendix will be I'ound all the rest of the dis])uted claims reported in Doomsday, so far as they bear upon the history of law or litigation. Considerable portions of two very lengthy eases, together with several writs and records of some legal interest, are also given in the Appendix; and to these is added, for the purpose of ready comparison with writs of the text, a selection of writs from Glanvill. PUKFACf;. vu The present work is intended to aid the student in investigating a department of legal history, and not to teach the history of persons or of general events. Hence the absence of notes concerning such matters. It is a book of Law Reports, and edited accordingly ; with such departure only as the nature of the work has made neces- sary or advisable. Hence an Index of Cases is given, instead of an Index of Names ; and the names of parties appear, with their peculiarities and variations, as they stand in the original records. It is proper to observe in this connexion that the greatest care has been taken td reproduce the original text literally, even to punctuation. This will explain the apparent lack of uniformity of print in this respect. The only liberty taken has been to adopt a uniform style of capitalizing, and to substitute the letter " v " for the letter " u " in such words as " uero " and " cla- mauit." It has not been deemed best to add to the expense of the book by translating the text. The Latin is not difficult enough to deter any one from using the book who can use it to good eifect. The head-notes will serve as an outline to the cases ; and a glossary has been added of such Anglo-Saxon and non-classical Latin terms as may need explanation. For special features of legal interest attaching to the cases, the student is referred to the Introduction. It should, however, be stated that this is only a fragment, and that the subject of the procedure of the period, with its incidents, is mainly reserved for more extended exami- nation than would be proper in an Introduction. The writer hopes to give to the printer, in the course of the VIll PREFACE. coming year^ the further results of liis investigation in this department, in the form of a History of the Anglo- Norman Procedure. The editor is unwilling to close his work without ac- knowledgment of the aid and encouragement of friends, both in his own country and in England. The assistance and offers of assistance received in London and Oxford during the last summer deserve particular mention. Memory will not fail of kindness shown at the latter place. -To complete the work at the venerable seat of not a little of the litigation which had been the subject of protracted study had been a cherished purpose ; and it was most agreeably accomplished. Boston, Massachusetts, Bee. \, 1878. NOTE. Onp-Sajast line of 2nd paragraph, for "vqjjssimam" read "novis- simam." On p. 71, last line, ( On p. 84, dele title " Ec^d^ilstical." On p. 123, 7thlijie-ffoni bottom, afte?" putabant " add " fsic]." On p. Iglj-Sfd line from bottom, for " inv^jjre " read " inyeniri." 135, last Une, for " 1115 " read " 1117.' 'W OTRODIICTION. The statement not infrequently made, or fairly implied, that the common law of England is largely of German origin,' must not be understood in the extensive sense in which the English language is truly said to be Teu- tonic." Every page of our literature bears the stamp of early German origin ; or rather every page of it is still German, — the German of Alfred and the Chronicle. The great body of the common law, however, is essen- tially different from the common law of King Alfred's time. A few scattered remains, such as the right of distraint, and the right of entry to abate a nuisance, or of a disseisee upon a trespasser, and the limited right of recaption, with here and there a little of the ancient colouring, alone reach back in unchanged lines to find their origin in the primitive times of the Germanic or Anglo-Saxon procedure. Instead of characterizing the present law, as German does the language of England, German law is only one ' See HoltzendorfF's Encyo. 248 (Leipsio, 1877), article by Brunner. " When Professor Stubbs says that " the common law of a nation is even more certainly than its language a determining evidence of its extraction," he is doubtless to be understood as referring to an early state in the nation's history ; and this, indeed, was the fact under notice, calling forth the broad remark. 1 Const. Hist. 48. X INTRODUCTION. of very many elements in it^ and not a conspicuous one. It does not lie upon the surface : it must be dili- gently sought out, if its presence would be discovered. Indeed, nearly all that was typical of ancient German law has entirely disappeared. The ordeal, the duel, compurgation, and wergelds, have all gone ; while the great and essential feature of the right of self-redress ■ has so far given way that no statement is more common in the law-books of to-day than that no one has the right to take the law into his own hands.' And what remains is obscured by the presence of vastly more ex- tensive elements. Feudalism, distinct from what would have resulted from the relation of lord and man among the Anglo-Saxons, the Roman law, commerce, invention, art, and a thousand potent influences of modern civili- zation, have added their vast contributions to the English law, and made it mainly what it is, pushing far into the background the ancient German element." The existing law, whether of contracts, torts, real property, equity, or even of crimes, disconnected from intermediate stages in history, would fail, in its characteristic parts, to reveal "the very form and features"' of ancient Ger- man law, — Salic, Saxon, or Anglo Saxon. Nor do the old codes of the German nations contain the "promise and potency" of the present common law of England. What would have been the natural and probable result ' A statement, however, to be received vrith some qualification. 2 It is hardly neoessaory to say that, in speaking of the ancient German and the present English law, we refer to what is typical only. The fundamental principles of law, or rather of justice, such, for example, 'as require a man to pay his debts, and to make compen- sation for his torts, have, of course, existed in every stage of the history of the race. ' See 1 fieeves, Hist. English Law, 53 (Pinl. ed.). INTRODUCTION. XI of the growth of the Ante-Norman Germanic law in Englandj could it have been left to develope itself upon internal influences alone^ wholly apart from contact from without, it is impossible to say ; but it could not have resulted in the common law and procedure of the nine- teenth century. It is true that the external influences which have aflTected the English law have been largely, though by no means wholly, German ; but the most potent by far of all external Germanic influences, the Norman, had itself been modified, to a considerable extent, by non-German or (so to speak) broken-German law. The pure German law of the Anglo-Saxons received in fact a fatal blow at the hands of the Normans. There are plain indications that the law of Normandy was not wholly free from the influence of the semi- Roman law and civilization of the South of France. The stimu- lating influence of the better institutions of the South had powerfully affected all the Continental German nations : primitive institutions passed by steady tran- sition into new forms, and new institutions arose by the side of the old. The Normans in France ceased to be Northmen, and became almost as far separated from the Anglo-Danes as from the Anglo-Saxons; and the Norman Conquest became the turning-point in the history of Germanic institutions in England. German law, now shaken, tottered to its fall. If, however, instead of looking for salient features of German law in the body of the present law of England, we pursue the course of the common law back through the centuries, we shall be able to discern more and more of the old Germanic element ; and long before we reach the Anglo-Saxon period, the origin of the whole Xll INTRODUCTION. law will be manifest from internal e\ndence. When we reach the twelfth century, or even the first half of the thirteenth, the English law is manifestly German, presenting at first almost as strange an appearance, as compared with the existing law, as does the law of the Anglo-Saxon codes. But examined more closely, the features, dimly outlined, of much that is typical of modern law appear. The tenth and the nineteenth cen- turies are each discernible. This is the transition period, in which new elements, blending with the old, give promise of the later times. This period of transition begins with the advent of Norman notions into England and ends with the reign of Edward the First ; and the first two-thirds of this period are the time covered by the present work. The best illustration of the transition state of the Norman and sub-Norman time is to be found in the legal procedure of the period. The typical procedure of the Anglo-Saxons, the ordeal, is joined by the typical procedure of the Normans, the duel, and lingers on and finally, in the thirteenth century, dies out' beside it ; ^ The edict of the Lateran Council, anno 1215, appears not to have wholly extinguished the ordeal in England. See note, infra, p. xvii. There is no mention of trial by battle in any of the Anglo-Saxon codes ; but it is scarcely more difficult to account for that fact upon the supposition that it did exist in England before the CoDquest, than to account for its presumed non-existence. What prevented its appearance, or caused its early disappearance, in England alone ? Trial by combat certainly did prevail, in the feuds among the Anglo- Saxons, but whether judicial combat existed is very doubtful. The line between the two is difficult to draw, especially in the earlier times ; for judicial combat was only a regulation of the blood-feud surrounding it with religious sanctions and ceremonies. In the Norse Olaf-Tryggvasonar-Saga, it is said that it was the custom in England to settle disputes between two persons by battle. " Enn thar var sidr 5 Englandi, ef ii. keptoz nm einn lut, at thar skylldi koma to hdlm-ganga." And an account of a combat between Olaf INTRODUCTION. xui while the newly introduced procedure of the inquisition, soon developing into the possessory and petitory actions of real property law, and at the same time revealing the very features of the jury system, advances steadily to commanding influence and to permanent place. Beside the old purely verbal procedure, the Norman procedure by writ has taken firm root, and forms of action begin to appear, though as yet failing to give promise of the subtleties and conflicts of their later stage. All the forms of proof in use among the Anglo- Saxons — by ordeal, oath (compurgation, afterwards called wager of law), witnesses and charters, — ^^continued throughout the Norman and sub-Norman period. The indications above suggested of the decline within the period of this book of the ordeal (or judgment by hot iron, hot or cold water, or the morsel, also commonly called "judicium Dei") are entirely negative. Nothing is directly stated in the chronicles or laws of the time to show the gradual transformation and decay of the typical procedure of the Anglo-Saxon period. But the absence of it in the civil litigation of the later Norman and Angevin time becomes very marked and suggestive. In the time of the Conqueror, the evidences of its fre- quent use in civil as well as in criminal cases are clear and convincing, both among the English and also among the Normans ; though with the latter it had been re- garded in Normandy with less favour than the duel, as was still the case in England.' and an Englishman, in England, follows, anno 993. But it was not a case of judicial combat ; and it probably occurred in the Danish district. See Johnston's Antiquitates Celto-ScandicBe, p. 74. 1 The great number of cases of the ordeal in Doomsday — the favourite English prdcedure — is not unworthy of consideration in discussing the extent of the Conqueror's coufiscatious. INTRODUCTION. In the time of William I., Bishop Remigius, a Norman, clears himself from a charge of treason by the ordeal of fire, undergone by one of his household, p. 30. The ordeal appears again in the case of Bishop Gundulf v. Piehot, p. 34. In the case of Bishop Wulfstan v. Abbot Walter, p. 16, the record states that men of St Mary and of the bishop were ready to prove by oath and battle the case of the plaintiff; and it closes with an offer by men of holy orders, priests and deacons, to prove, "judicio Dei," the concord agreed upon. When, however, we reach the record of Doomsday, the evidences of the use of the ordeal as well as the duel multiply. The ordeal alone is offered in three cases relating to Lands of Earl Ralph, pp. 40, 41 ; also in two cases of Lands of Earl Alan, pp. 41, 43 ; in the case of the Church and Land in Greston, p. 41 ; in the case of Lands of William of Warren, p. 42 ; in the ease of A Certain Freeman, p. 43; and in other cases given in the Appendix C. Proof by oath or battle is offered in the case of Lands of Hugh de Port, p. 38 ; ordeal or battle (the duel) is offered in cases given on pp, 41, 42, 43, and 61; and proof " omni lege," or "omnibus leo-i- bus," which would include oath, ordeal, or battle, is proffered in two eases on p. 44. In the reign of Rufus, we find William de Ou, p. 69, tried by battle upon a charge of treason, and Fifty ]\Ien, p. 12, purging themselves by the ordeal of iron of the charge of unlawfully taking the king's stags. In the 31st year of Henry I., we find Robert Pitz- gerard, p. 141, paying into the king's treasury two ounces of gold for the privilege of recovering his lands " per corpus suum ;" — not. it should be observed, for the privilege of that mode of proof, but for the right of INTRODUCTION. XV proving' his title, that is, for the purchase of his writ. In the same year Matthew de Vernon, p. 142, pays a hundred measures of wine for the concord of a duel. In this reign of Henry I., there is an absence in the cases of any allusion to the ordeal. It would, how- ever, lie unsafe to rely upon that fact, even if there were no satisfactory evidence upon the point. A legal institution so deeply seated would not at once disappear without prohibitive legislation, of which as yet there was none relating to the ordeal ; nor indeed was there ever any such legislation in England.' But the so- called Laws of Henry I., a private collection of laws and customs made just before or at the beginning of the reign of Henry II., expressly affirm the continued existence of the ordeal.^ For instances of the duel about the same time see the case of The Hordarer of Win- chester V. Abbot Ingulf, p. 182, and the ease of Henry of Essex, p. 210. The statement just made concerning the time when the La,ws of Henry I. were collected, shows that the ordeal was far from obsolete at the beginning of the reign of Henry II. The Assize of Clarendon shows how firm its hold was in criminal eases in 1166 ; ' and specific evi- dence of its actual use about the year 1175 is furnished in the Exchequer return of Robert de Luci, p. 272, and in 1177 by the case of John Senex, p. 227. See also the case of Gilbert de Plumpton, p. 229, «»wo 1184, in which • The ordeal was abolished throughout Christendom by the Lateran Council in November, 1215. See 1 Stubbs, Const. Hist. 619. The duel lingered on, and was only abolished in 1819, though it had long before become practically obsolete. » C. 62, § 1 ; c. 65, § 3 ; c. 67, § 1 ; c. 75, § 6 ; c. 80, § 7 ; all being cases of homicide or theft. ■• See 1 Palgrave, Commonwealth, 257 — 259. XVI INTRODUCTIOX. the defendant, appealed by the celebrated Glanvill of carrying off and marrying a young heiress in the gift of the king, denies the charge "modis omnibus/-* which probably still meant the ordeal^ the duel^ and the oath. This carries us to the time of Glanvill de Legibus ; and in this there are several references to the ordeal. In liber 14, which relates entirely to crimes as then under- stood, the author, at the close of cap. i., speaking of per- sons accused of plotting the death of the king or of raising sedition in the kingdom or in the army, says such are usually tried by battle ("tunc per duellum solet placitum terminari") . But, he adds, a person thus accused may refuse the battle if sixty years of age, or if he has suffered mayhem, in the breaking of a bone or a wound on the head. And in such a case, " tenetur se purgare is qui aecusatur per Dei judicium, scilicet per calidum ferrum vel per aquam per diversitate conditionis homi- num; scilicet per ferrum calidum, si fuerit homo liber ; per aquam, si fuerit rusticus.^' In the next chapter, which relates to the concealment of treasure trove, Glanvill says that it is not usual for one accused merely by the public voice {ob infamiam) to go to the ordeal. According to the Assize of Clarendon {anno 1166), a person found in possession of goods stolen or taken by robbery was not permitted to wage his law, if he bore a bad name. And though not accused by the public voice, he must still purge himself by water, because of his possession.' Possession of the goods was therefore equivalent to the special presentment provided for in the Assize of Northampton [anno 1176) "per sa'cramentum duodecim liberorum legalium homi- ' Assize of Clarendon, e. 12 ; Stubbs's Select Charters, 141. INTRODUCTION". XVU num et per sacramentum quatuor bominum de unaqua- que villa hundredi." ' Glanvill procieeds to say^ with regard to concealment of treasiire trove, that if the party has been convicted, presumption making against him, he can still purge himself by the ordeal. The conviction here referred to, it is proper to observe, is in reality the conviction only of a grand jury ; and the ordeal supplies the place of what, after the Lateran Council of 1215, superseded it, — the trial before a petit jury.' The next instance of the ordeal mentioned by Glan- vill is in the case of an accusation by a woman against a man of a battery committed upon her, and also per- haps of the homicide of her husband. The crimes of arson and robbery are passed over with the remark that there is nothing to distinguish the law relating to them from that relating to the offences above named. There is no indication either in the cases, or the laws, or in Gianvill that resort was ever had to the ordeal in the time of Henry II. in civil cases. The ancient right to resort to the " judgment of God " appears to have 1 StulDbs's Sel. Ch., 151. Professor Stubbs (Sel. Ch. 142) says that the adoption of presentment and ordeal by the Assize of Clarendon had the effect of abolishing the practice of compurgation in the shiremoots, but that trial by compurgation continued in the boroughs whose charters exempted them from the jurisdiction of those courts. ^ See 1 Stubbs, Const. Hist. 619. The ordeal, however, continues to be mentioned for some time after 1215. The provision of Magna Carta of John, "nuUus ballivus pouat de cetero aliquem ad legem siraplioi loquela sua, sine testibua fidelibus ad hoc induotis," ia carried into the Great Charter of Henry III., anno 1224-5, 1 St. at Large, 9 Hen. III., c. 28, where, however, the term "lex manifesta" was wrongly understood as meaning " wager of law." 3 Lib. 14, c. 3, 6. In the time of Doomsday, women could tender the ordeal in real property disputes. See the case of A Free Woman v. Aitard, Appendix C, p. 305. b XVlll INTRODrCTIOX. shrunk away to the denial of accusations of crime; and in cases of charges of the higher crimes, purgation by ordeal was no longer permitted as it had been to bishop Remigius in the time of the Conqueror, except when the accused was physically incapacitated for the duel. At the same time it should be noticed that while the duel had maintained its place ia the criminal proce- dure, it had lost its pre-eminence in the procedure of real property law and been crowded back to an inferior position by the advance of trial by inquisition. Compurgation underwent some degree of statutory change in the latter part of our period. Until the Assize of Clarendon {anno 1166), re-enacted at North- ampton [anno 1176), this had been an allowable mode of disproving accusations of crime;' but from that time the accused upon presentment by an inquest under the statute must undergo the ordeal if he would establish his innocence.^ Whether the use of the compurgatory oath or of charters as evidence underwent any further substantial tranformation or enlargement does not clearly appear; but the probability is that there was little if any otlier change. The value of the oath may have been affected somewhat by changes in ranks in society ; but otherwise it retained its ancient position. The references to compurgation in Glanvill are numerous, and its use shown to be very extensive.^ References to the actual use of the compurgatory oath occur in Doomsday ; as in the case of Lands of Hugh de Port, p. 3S ; in the time of Henry I. as in the case of ' Laws Wm. I. c. 51. = Assize of Clarendon, c. 11— 14 ; Northampton, c. 1; Stubbs's Select Charters, lU, 151; 1 Palgrave, Commonwealth, 259 ; ante, P- ^"- ' Glanvill, pp. 10, 221, 251, 290 (Beames). INTEODUCTION. XIX Matilda, pp. 79, 82, and perhaps in the reign of Henry II., as in the case of Robert de Iclesham v. Abbot Walter, p. 179. This last case, however, was an offer of proof by persons who might have been called as witnesses. The use of charters, however, continued to be a more general, as it was a more satisfactory, form of proof. Charters appear, to have always been employed to the exclusion of the other modes of proof, excepting by witnesses,' when litigants were so fortunate as to own them ; at all events there is no indication, in any of the numerous cases, of the use of wager of law, or of the ordeal, or duel, when a charter was introduced in evi- dence,^ except when there was doubt as to the genuine- ness of -the charter.' And even then if the judges found the question of its genuineness difficult to decide they sometimes suggested a compromise ; as in Abbot of Battel V. Alan, p. 245. In case the charter were rejected as a forgery, the party who offered it would of course fail, unless he was allowed to fall back upon the ordeal or the duel. However, it must be remembered that upon judgment in any case, not compromised or confessed, the defeated party could summon the judges to the duel for false judgment.'' In the case of Robert Fardenc, Appendix C, p. 306, that person offers to prove 1 " Per cartas suaa et per testes sues." P. 27. ' The expression "jastoDei judioio" in the case of Bishop Wulstan V. Archbishop Thomas, p. 3, where charters were produced, is pro- babiy not used in any technical sense. The phrase is often used by the chroniclers where it could not mean the ordeal or the duel. See, for example, Rog. de Hov. anno 1135 ; 1 Twysden's Script. 614. But if the ordeal was used in Wulstan v. Thomas, it was probably because the charters were nearly worn out, — " scriptis evidentissimis detritis, et penitus annihilatis." 3 Brunner, Schwurgerichte, 64, 65. * Glanvill, lib. 8, c. 9. b 2 XX IXTKODVCTIOX. title to land against the whole hundred, "omnibus legiLus ; " but whether this offer was against a judg- ment of the hundred is not clear. Probably it was not. Evidence by witnesses was almost universal in the Norman period ; but it generally appeared in a new form. In Anglo-Saxon times, the evidence of witnesses, as distinguished from compurgation, was employed, lilce the latter, strictly as party-proof; but within the limits attached to it in that character, it was used either as an independent, substantive mode of proof, or in aid of documents,' or perhaps upon the failure or inadequacy of compurgation.^ Compurgation in its essential features consisted in the bringing forward of a definite number of persons, dependent upon the rank of the parties,^ and the object of the suit, who were to swear, not to the facts, but to the credibility of the party for whom they appeared .'' Party witnesses, however, testi- fied to facts, — to matters "de visu et auditu,"* though 1 Compare Modbert v. Prior and Monka of Bath, pp. 114, 115 . 2 See 1 Stubbs, Const. Hist. 610 ; Bmnner, Schwurgerichte, 55, 58 ; Essays in Ang.-Sax. Law, 218, as to the failure of the compurgatory oath. 3 Palgrave (1 Commonwealth) says that from the time of Henry II. the compurgators were to be the peers of the party ; bnt this is con- trary to Braoton, p. i 10, § 3. * Brunner, Schwurgerichte, 49; Essays in Ang.-Sax Law, 18C. Compare the compurgatory oath of Mord's vouchers in the Njal- Saga, 2 Dasent's Story of Burat Njal, 264. 5 See Brunner, Schwur., 54; Laws of Wm. I. o. 21, 45. There were two classes of witnesses in the Anglo-Saxon and Germanic procedure, called by German writers transaction and community witnesses. Either could be produced. Brunner, Shwurgerichte, 53. Each class were strictly party -witnesses, and gaye testimony in set formula word for word, according to the judgment concerning the proofs. Brunner, Schwur. 5-1. Their functions were, therefore, much more circumscribed than those of the Norman inquisitors. As to the dis- tinction between the two classes, see Brunner, pp. 53, 51. And further, see Essays in Ang.-Sax, Law, 187; and compare Bishop Wulfstan V. Abbot Walter, p. 16, a case of this kind apparently. INTRODUCTION. XXl in a narrow formula, prescribed by a sort of interlocu- tory judgment, by wliicb both the burden of proof and the theme of proof [heweisthema) were declared.^ This form of testimony by witnesses, unrestrained by the limits apparently set in the Anglo-Saxon period, was employed in the time of the Conqueror ; as may per- haps be seen in Bishop Wulfstan v. Abbot Walter, p. 16. It was also used in the time of Stephen and after- wards ; as may be seen in the case of Modbert v. Prior and Monks of Bath, p. 114, in Abbot Gilbert ». Earl Gilbert, p. 150, in Robert de Icklesham y. Abbot Walter, p. 179, in Abbot Hamlin v. Earl William, p. 182, and in Glanvill.' But as in Anglo-Saxon times, the witnesses appear still to be party witnesses, and probably were not subject to examination, as they had not been before the conquest.'' ' Or the privilege of proof, as it often amounted to in the procedure of the Germanic law. Compare Essays in Ang.-Sax. Law, 237, 200, 211, 213. 2 Brunner, Sohwur., 54. See Holtzendorff's Eeohts lexikon, Beweis- urtheil. ' Lib. 2, c. 6; lib. 6, c. 11. Unless the Anglo-Saxon formalism of the witness-oath was limited to the evidence of the laity, these refe- rences show that the witness-proof had developed away from and entirely lost its ancient character, or at least had become mnch enlarged in scope. In the Anglo-Saxon procedure, the witness appears standing with him for whom he swore, thus making oath ; " In the name of the Almighty God, as I here for N., in tme witness stand, unbidden and unbought, so I with my eyes ' oversaw,' and with my ears overheard, that which I with him say." This naust not be mistaken for the compurgatory oath, which was as follows -. " By the Lord, the oath is clean and unpurjured which N. has sworn." 1 Anc. Laws and Inet. 181 (8vo. ed.). The Icelandic compurgatory oath was the same in effect, but pursued the words of the party's oath, with solemn assertion of belief in their truth. Njal-Saga, 2 Dasent, 264. It is worth noticing, that in two of the cases cited in the text siipra, Bishop Wulfstan i). Abbot Walter, and Modbert v. Prior and Monks of Bath, the Anglo-Saxon (and Germanic) peculiarity of a judgment in the midst of a cause, directed to the production of the proofs, appears. See Essays in Ang.-Sax. Law, 185, 186, 249. ' Brunner, Schwur. 51. Xxii INTEODrCTION. But the great type of evidence, or rather trial/ by witnesses in the Norman period was the inquisition. This mode of trial was introduced into England with, or directly after, the Conquest, and become the chief feature of the Norman age. It consisted in the finding of facts by the evidence, generally on oath, of impartial men, chosen and examined by an officer of the law, by virtue of a writ of the king or justiciar, or by some other person exercising authority ; examples of which may be seen in the case of the Abbot of St. Augustine, p. 33, and in Bishop Robert v. Lord of Stow, p. 139. The number of the body throughout the Norman period, strictly so-called, and in the early part of the reign of Henry II., was undefined, varying probably accordingly to the importance of the ease and the rank of the parties. By the time of Glanvill's treatise, how- ever (perhaps anno 1187), the number was generally, though not always twelve.' But whatever the number of the body, the finding was at this time to be unani- mous. If any of the persons summoned were ignorant of the facts, or if some of the number disagreed with the rest, they were to be set aside and others chosen to take their places until the required number of agreeing per- sons was found. ^ And if the number necessary could not be obtained, of agreeing persons, the inquisition, it seems, failed. None of the writs, however, until in the 1 It should be remembered, however, that the inquest was used for fiscal purposes as well as in litigation. The great survey of Dooms- day is an example of such use upon a most extensive scale Indeed, the fiscal use of the inquisition on behalf of the sovereign was pro- bably its first use. See 1 Stubbs, Const. Hist. 613. 2 Lib. 13, c 2, et seq. See Appendix H. ' lb. lib. 2, L^. 17. Glanville, it is true, represents the close of our period ; but there can be no doubt that the principle of unanimity prevailed from the first, when a definite number was to bo sum- Juoned. INTRODUCTION. XXUl reign of Henry II., specify a definite number of wit- nesses j and it is not clear whether the finding was to be unanimous or not. Here is seen the essential principle of the jury as it prevailed through the middle ages to the time of Edward The Fourth. Indeed here is the principle of the jury system of the present day ; for the change by which the juror and the witness became separated was only a modi- fication of the Norman inquisition, not an essential alteration of it. This, however, is not the most interesting phase of the inquisition. That mode of trial developed, before the end of the period covered by this book, into the various recognitions which played so important a part in the procedure of the middle ages and of modern times. The growth of the writ of novel disseisin of Glanvill, the type of all these recognitions,^ is very fully illustrated by writs contained in this book. In its early and middle stages, this writ is irregular and undefined in form ; and it remains almost down to the reign of Henry II., a writ of disseisin rather than a writ of novel disseisin. The first indication of its use in England is found in the first case given in this volume;^ where, however, the form of the writ is not stated. An inquisition is again ordered in one of the cases of the Lands of the Church at Ely, p. 24, the king's writ directing that, upon the assembling of certain shires, " many of those Englishmen should be chosen who knew how the lands of the Church were held {Jacebant) on the 1 The term " recognition" almost supersedes that of " inquisition" before the end of the reign of Henry II. The words are generally synonymous ; but recognition is often the species, while inquisition is the germs. 2 As to this case of Edwin v. William, see the Preface. XXIV INTRODUCTION. day when king Edward died, and that they should give evidence thereto on oath." Another writ pertaining to lands of the same church commands Archbishop Lanfrane to make inquiry by the bishop of Coutances and by bishop Walkelin and others how certain jurors swore, and who heard the oath as to the lands in question. William, the ethehng, directs the sheriff of Kent to require Hamo "and the good men of Sandwich, named by Hamo, to speak the truth concerning a ship of the abbot of St. Augustine,^' p. 33. King B-ufus directs the same sheriff to cause an in- quisition " by the men of the hundred of Middleton," as to customs of St. Augustine, p. 66. Henry I. commands Hugh of Bocland and the sheriff of Oxford to summon the men of their counties " to speak the whole truth" concerning certain lands, p. 74. In Monks of St. Stephen v. The King's Tenants, p. UO (anno 1122), sixteen men are sworn "to make true affir- mation on inquisition" concerning certain land. Soon afterwards, Ralph Basset is directed, infer alia, to in- quire "by legal men of Oxford" as to the jurisdiction of abbot Yincentj p. 121. The next writ gives promise, though vaguely, of the writ of novel disseisin of Glanvill. This commands the defendant to give seisin to the abbot and monks of Gloueesterof the lands and tithes " of which they had been unjustly and without judgment disseised. ... as they can prove title by their legal men," p. 12S. Another writ to the same j)arty points more directly to the writ of Glanvill, beginning nearly in the settled form; — "if without judgment you have disseised the abbot of Gloucester of Culeby .... then I command that you justly restore seisin to him," p. 130. The next writ in order in the reign of Henry I., to which, INTRODUCTIOSr. XXV however, no date is assigned, indicates a fluctuation, if the writ be later in time, receding to the unsettled state of the earlier writs above referred to. It commands 'certain persons to have an inquisition " by good men of the county " concerning boundary lines, and if they do not have full confidence in the witnesses, to require them to make oath to their return, p. 139. The promise of Glanvill, as above indicated, disappears again in the time of Stephen ; though only two writs of inquisition of this reign are given. The first orders an inquiry " by the vicinage and the good men of the dis- trict if five acres held by W. L., through a disseisin of the plaintiffs, which land they claim, are of their tenure,'' p. 160. And the second writ, relating to the lands above- mentioned of the abbot of Gloucester, and directed against the same party, commands that he justly give seisin to the abbot of a certain church, lands and tithes, " as he had been seised on the day when king Henry last crossed into Normandy," p. 162. The quoted part of this second writ deserves to be compared with the beginning of the writ of novel disseisin in Glanvill.^ The form of the later writ reappears more distinctly than ever at the beginning of the reign of Henry II., — a fact going to support the general opinion that that king, from the first, took an active interest in improving the forms of legal process. Two writs are given in Abbot of Abingdon v. Turstin, pp. 169, 170, which pro- vide that " if the abbot of Abingdon has been un- justly and without judgment disseised of land at M.," the sheriff shall "without delay and justly give him 1 N. complains to me that R. has unjustly and without judgment disseised him of his free tenement .... since my last voyage into Normandy." Lib. 13, o. 33 ; Appendix H. XXVI INTllODUCTION. seisin." The only essential difference between these writs and the writ of Glanvill is that the latter contains a limitation clause (making the process on its face a writ of novel disseisin), provides for security, and states the number of jurors. The next writ (p. 197) of Henry II., however, which is between the same parties (per- haps anno 1158), contains a limitation clause ;^a long one, it is true, extending back to the death of Henry I. (1135), but this was because the whole reign of Stephen was a period of violence, when suitors against the strong fared ill in the courts. And this was the usual limita- tion in the early and even later part of the reign of Henry II.' An examination of other writs would reveal a similar progress from indeSniteness of form to a settled state, attained about the close of the reign of Henry II. ; but the subject cannot be further pursued at the present time. It must for the present suffice to say, that the history of each of the Norman writs teaches the same law of gradual growth ; the forms of process at times receding, but on the whole advancing to the permanent form as- sumed (in most cases) by the end of the 12th or the early part of tbe Ibth century. At this time there appears in history of the English law a distinctively English writ procedure, just as at the same time there appears in the history of English architecture a definite type of church architecture. The Norman germs have had their natural development on English soil. There has been no transplanting of developed forms. The writs in the Ap- 1 See Write from Glanvill, Appendix H; Men of Wallingford and Oxford V. Abbot Walkelin, p. 198 ; The King v. Abbot Walkelin, p. 203 ; Sheriff of Berkshire v. Abbot Walkelin, p. 207 ; Monks of Abingdon, p. 250. See also the case of Thomas a Bccket, p. 216, for a different limitation. INTRODUCTION. XXVU pendix, taken from Glanvill, indicate^ indeed, the work of a single mind, directed to the attainment of a definite object ; but the result is merely the unification and com- pletion, in proper fullness, of the writs at hand.' The chief interest attaching to these writs arises from the fact that in their final, settled form they became the fixed precedents for the peculiar forms of action which have characterized the English law from the time of Edward the First to the present day. It may not be strictly true that when pleadings ceased to be oral, the established writs (or " writs of course ") became the models upon which the written declarations were framed. Doubtless for a eonsideral)le time the form of the oral plaint was preserved in memory, and was merely reduced to writing by the plaintiff^s at- torney ; but the earliest forms of declaration in existence show that the plaintifi'^s complaint was, as a priori reasoning would show it must have been, a substantial repetition of the writ, with such amplification only as was necessary. It would not be safe, however, to afiirm that in the unsettled, or rather transition, period of process we have in the writs any certain indication of a ' We do not at this time go into the question whether the early writs of Henry II. may not have existed in the same form for a short time previously in Normandy. The point is, that there is no gap in England in the histoiy of the writ. The form temp. Henry II. follows naturally upon the previous writs, and requires no suggestion of an importation to account for it. It may be added, however, that Brunner's argument in favour of Normandy is not very well sup- ported. Schwurgerichte, 295, 301 — 303. The evidence rises little above conjecture. Moreover, the writs from Normandy to which he refers are quite different in form from those above given, and are not in the regular order of development from the writs of Henry I. None of the English recognition writs contain the expression " secundum aasisam meam " used in Normandy. The expression in Glanvill " posuit se inde in assisam meam," lib. 2, c. 8, refers to the Grand Assize, which is attributed to Henry II. XXVIU INTRODUCTION. lack of definite form in tlie (oral) pleadings which then prevailed. There is too much ground for belief that the pleadings were presented for a long time in a set formalism of words, as had been the case before the Conquest, to justify such an assertion. But it is alto- gether probable that from the time when the writs as- sumed permaneiU shape, we have in them the substance of the verbal plaint with which the trial opened. The irregularity of form of the Norman writs is sug- gestive of important facts of another character. The king's writ was law, and his will, as expressed in the writ, could not be disobeyed without the hazard of punishment.^ There is no indication in any of the cases or laws of the Norman or sub-Norman time, or in Glanvill, of doubt ever expressed as to the efficiency of any perfect writ which the king might grant. No suggestion is to be found that question was ever raised whether or not the writ conformed to the forms of action in common use. Nor did Magna Carta attempt to re- strain the rojal prerogative in this respect ; except in taking away the king's right to disseise or imprison his subjects without process of law. It was not until the j^ear 1258, so far as extant legis- lation indicates, that the 1; ng's right to frame writs at will was seriously abridged. In this year the famous Provisions of Oxford^ were promulgated, virtually es- tablishing a regency over the king and kingdom, one 1 De ohartis vero regiis et factis regum, uon debent neo possunt justiciaxii neo privatas personae disputare. Bracton, 34 ; vol. 1 pp. 268,- 269, of the new edition by Twiss. Item nee factum reo-is, neo ohartam potest quis judicare, ita quod factum domini ren-is irri- tatur. lb. " According to Twiss (Introd. to his ed. of Bracton), and to Gutcr- book (Bracton und sein VerhilHniss zum Rouiesdien Rechte), Bracton INTRODUCTION. XXIX clause of which declared that the chancellor should swear to issue no more writs^ except writs of course, unless upon command of the king and his council present with him.' The Provisions of Oxford, it is true, were abro- gated six years afterwards under a submission to the arbitration of the king of France of the differences be- tween the king (Henry III.) and his barons ; but their abrogation appears to have left untouched this particular clause;^ for within thirty years from that time it had ■wrote before the Provisions of- Oxford ; the different parts (tractatua), according to Twisa, being written at various times, from 1229 to 1256-7. ' Ceo jura le chanoeler de Bngletere. Ke il ne euselera nul bref fors bref de curs sanz le commandement le rei et de sun conseil ke serra present. Annales Monast. 448 ; Stubbs's Select Charters, 389. E ke il [le chanceler] ne ensele hora de curs par la sule volnnte del rei ; mes le face par le ounseil ke serra entur le rei. Ann. Mon. 451 ; Stubbs, 391. That is, by the second clause, that the chancellor should seal no writ out of course by the sole will of the king, but should do it by direction of the council who should be about the king. ^ It was a minor point probably; and the practice of the half-dozen years waa perhaps considered to have settled the law. The generally received statement, that "a strict observance of the old forms" of vfrit had at length established them, so as to render it illegal to frame new ones (1 Beeves, Hist. Eng. Law, 97 Finl.), has, it is believed, as applied to the king, no foundation in fact. It is true that writs " of courae " — that ia, writa in a common form, for the ordinary cases, — ^were in use prior to the Provisions of Oxford (indeed, from the time of Glanvill, as we have seen), and the c/erks in chancery had no power to vary them ; and this produced settled forms of action. But the Mng probably was not bound by them, and could frame writs virtually at will. See Bracton, 34, ut sv/pra. Bracton does, however, say that there were certain esta- blished writs of course, granted and approved by the Common Council of the whole kingdom, which could not be changed without the barons' consent and will, 413 h. It is doubtful if this applied to the royal prerogative : it is more likely to have been a reatraint imposed upon the chancery clerks. But if it was a restraint of the king's powers also, it indicates either that Bracton wrote after the Provisions of Oxford (which is not probable) , or that the Provisions merely re-enacted some prior statute, which has been lost. In any XXX INTllODrCTION, become necessary for Parliament to pass a statute to authorize the grant of writs without imposing upon suitors the burden (which was practically prohibitive) of seeking the same through the council. This statute was the famous Act of Westminster^ 2, c. 24^ anno 1285, — the most salutary and far reaching enactment ever passed in the history of English procedure. Under it arose actions on the casej the clerks in chancery being authorized to frame new writs whenever a meritorious case was presented " in consimili casu " to any of the writs already in existence^ but for which none of those writs was adequate.' The necessity for the XimH authorizing actions on the case, and the endless train of subtleties reaching down to the present day, which have so often resulted in the per- version of justice, were the natural consequence of de- priving the king, or rather his chancellor, of the ancient prerogative of granting new writs. Within proper limits, to guard against abuse, the right to issue writs when- ever a case proper for redress or relief was presented was salutary, and its continuance would have saved the English law from centuries of constant and deserved re- proach. The Statute of Westminster 2 was only an at- tempted return to what had existed theoretically, if not practically,' until the middle of the 13th century, — to wit, actions on the case ; but the state of law which event, the king's power was abridged by legislation, and not by pre- scription. 1 Leading Cases on Torts, 351 — a statute which has always been in active force in the greater part of America, as well as in England and Ireland. ^ The clauses in the Provisions of Oxford indicate that writs out of course had been readily obtainable — so readily as to have created an abase to be corrected. INTEODIiCTION. XXXI made it necessary prevented the statute from aceom- plishing- the result^ without adding the train of evils which, on both sides of the Atlantic, have attended the endless suggesti<3ns of distinction between the old actions and the new. The abrogation by the Provisions of Oxford of the king's right to issue writs at will, together with the abrogation by Magna Carta of the king's right to dis- seise and imprison his subjects without legal process, was in reality a limitation of what is sometimes called the king's equitable powers.' There is no Court of Chancery in any part of the period covered by this book. The chancellor is, to the end, the king's clerk, and never appears as sole judge in equity ; though he often sits as a member of the King's Court and of the Great Council.^ But the kingdom is not without a judge in equity ; and that judge is the king, acting in his capacity of chief ruler of the land. He does, indeed, sit with his barons and clergy in causes which in modern times would be called equitable ; as in the case of Abbot Odo, p. 221. But he also acts alone, and of his own motion, grants or refuses the claims of his subjects to redress or relief. He issues writs in the nature of final judgments, where there has been no further trial than is involved in presenting to him a case for relief. Examples of such writs may be seen in numerous cases in this book. In Abbot Scotland v. Hamo, p. 13, William the Conqueror directs Archbishop Lanfranc and others to cause the plaintiff to have seisin of Fordwick, which the defendant holds, and of other lands. In one of the cases ' Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law, pp. 24 — 26. ? As to the chancellor's character, see the case of Abbot Odo, p. 221. XSXU INTRODrCTIOX. of the church at Ely, p. 27, the same king orders a plea of lands to be stayed. William Rufus, in Church of St. Benet, p. 12, orders his officers to give the charch seisin of certain lands which he had granted to it. Henry I. discharges the men of Whistley from liability to Osatus, p. 87 ; he orders the citizens of Canterbury to restore to the men of St. Augustine certain pledges which the former had executed, p. 88 ; he enjoins the defendants from entering certain pasture lands of the plaintiflF, in Church of St. Peter v. Milo, p. 129 ; and he commands the sheriff of Yorkshire to put the bishop of Durhaui into possession of all the lands which pertain to his bishopric' Many other examples may be found in the eases temp. Stephen and Henry II. The existence of such a f)ower, exercisable ex parte, would be attended with grave danger in the hands of the most virtuous king ; and it is not strange that abuse of it became so great as to require the just re- straint imposed by Magna Carta. But further, there was not the need for the exercise of equity jurisdiction by a judge sitting apart from the ordinary tribunals that there has beeu in later times. The courts were not as yet tied down by rigid forms of action, or by a procedure which could not compass a case involving more than two sets of parties. Remedies such as would in modern times be termed equitable were administered without question by judges or defendants, in the same courts which had jurisdiction of actions of debt and trespass. Examples may be seen in Abbot Athellelem i-. The 1 It is not certain that this instance, and some others like it are not cases of writs of execution upon judgment of the courts, but it is probable they are not. In such cases, it was usual to notice the judgment in the writ. See pp. 19, 21, 29, 98, 117 122 121 12'1 But this was not always done. See pp. 105 128. INTEODUCTION. XXXIU King's OfficerSj p. 30, in Abbot Odo, p. 221, and in tlie dispute between the Prior and Convent of Abingdon and Thomas de Esseburn, p. 234. Mr. Allen' gives credence to the statement of one of the judges in the Year Books ^ that the king himself could be sued in Norman times ; preferring the statement of a judge who declared he had seen a writ against the king to the assertion of Bracton' that the sovereign could not be compelled by the process of the courts. The collection of writs and cases in this book fails to give any countenance to this statement j and the judge in the Year Book may safely be presumed to have been mistaken, unless the writ was executed by the pope. The king was himself " the fountain of justice " in a very apt sense at this time ; and who should assume to execute a writ against him ? No one surely short of the pope or the baronage.'' And who would have the courage to serve a writ upon the king, especially in the Norman period ? Such an one would be apt to meet the recep- tion that befell the unlucky messenger of the bishop of St. Carilef, Appendix, p. 308, by king Rufus.^ Even the pope's legate might hesitate upon such a venture. To execute a writ even against the archbishop of Can- terbury, though on papal authority, was no pleasant matter. In the case of the Monks of Canterbury v. ' Eoyal Prerogative, pp. 94 — 97. 2 24 Edw. III. 55, pi. 40. See also 22 Edw. III. 3, pi. 25; B. u. Fitzhb. Abr. Error, 8 ; 43 Edw. III. 22, pi. 12 ; Whistler's Case, 10 Coke, 64. ' Braoton, 5 b, 171 h. * Braoton makes the latter exception. " Nisi sit qui dicat, quod universitas regni et baronagimn suum hoc faoere debeat, et possit iu curia ipsius regis." 171 b. ' And that was merely the case of a claim addressed to the king. XXXIV INTRODtJCTION. Archbishop Baldwin, p. 240, the pope's legates are clothed with a writ against the defendant from the head of the Church; but the record states that the legates " were in deliberation" concerning the manner of exe- cuting the precept.' While, however, it is pretty clear that process oould not be executed against the king in the ordinary course of justice, it is certain that the king's rights were often brought in question without his consent. Claims were sometimes set up before the commissioners of Dooms- day to lands held by the king, and the claims investigated j as in Richard de Surdeval v. The King, p. 51, in Robert, the Dispenser, v. The King, p. 57, and in Ivo Tailbois V. The King, p. 58." And in these cases the claimant was sometimes successful, as in the last-named case. But no process appeai-s to have issued against the king; his interests being attended to doubtless by the com- missioners. The king was also frequently vouched to warrant his grants.' But of process issued against the sovereign in the 11th and 12th centuries there is no evidence.'' The king appears in person among the judges in many of the cases, often taking an active part in the trial. In Abbot "Walter r. Gilbert de Baillol, p. 175, king Henry 1 Compare the observation of Lord Penzance in the recent case of Combe v. Edwards, Law Hep. 3 P. D. 103, 120, as to process against the qneen. 2 See also Archbishop Lanfranc v. Bishop Odo, pp. 4, 8 ; Abbot Walter v. Alan de Nevill, p. 1V3. See Land of William de S., and Alurio r. Eoger Bigot, in the Appendix C, pp. 304, 305. But in the time of Bracton,°the king's consent to the voucher was necessary. Bracton, 171 b, 261 270 6 382 b. See Twiss, Introd. to Bracton, 25, 26. " See upon this subject an interesting and learned investigation by Mr. Justice Gray, in Briggs v. Light-boats, 11 Allen, 157 166—174. INTRODUCTION. XXXV the Second; upon suggestion of the defendant that a certain charter of Henry the First had been improperly obtained, taking the charter into his own hands, turns to the defendant with the exclamation, " Per oculos Dei, si cartam banc falsam comprobare posses, lucrum mille librarum mihi in Anglia conferres/^ In the case of John, the Marshall, v. Thomas k Becket, p. 21 1, the same king angrily calls upon his barons to pronounce judgment against the defendant. In Archbishop of Canterbury v. Abbot of St. Edmund, p. 238, bafSed by the production of conflicting title-deeds by the plaintiff and the de- fendant, the same king says, " I know not what to say, except that the charters are at war with each other." And when in the same case the plaintiff refused to sub- mit the dispute to the judgment of certain counties, the king indignantly leaves the court, with the words, " Let him take who can." The queen also sat in the courts in person, in the absence of the king, if not sometimes when he was present ; as appears by the ease of the Men of Periton V. Abbot Paritius, 99. And writs, in the king's absence, were not unfrequently granted in her name : as in the case of the Abbot of St. Augustine's Claim, p. 83, and in the case of Bishop Ranulf v. Robert de Muscams, p. 137. The superior courts for the administration of justice throughout the Norman and sub-Norman period are the Great Council (corresponding to the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot, and still occasionally called by that name), the King's Court, and the Exchequer; though the latter makes no appearance as a judicial organization until the reign of Henry I. The Great Council con- tinues to exist, like its Anglo-Saxon predecessor, chiefly c % XXXvi INTRODUCTION. as a deliberative and legislative body, acting directly for the general public weal ; but it is also often turned into service as a tribunal for the decision of questions arising between man and man, or between the king and subject as an individual. Great men alone, however, appear to have enjoyed the right of trial by this august body. Cases of such litigation in this book are too numerous for special mention.' It should be observed that the name of King's Court is sometimes given to this tribunal.^ The King's Court, composed of the king and minis- ters attending upon him, and such others as he chose to call to his aid, or composed of special delegates,' with a jurisdiction restrained onl}' by the king's will, appears on every hand, exercising potential influence. But the working of that court cannot be fith'' examined here ; and we must pass on to some features of special interest at- taching to the Exchequer. This was a Jiscus, and the body composing it act the part chiefly of fiscal officers throughout our period. The name "Exchequer" does not appear in the reign of William the Conqueror or of Rufus, the term "treasury" being uniformly employed. And it is altogether likely that its judicial functions be- fore the reign of Henry I. were confined, with rare ex- ceptions, to the settlement of disputes arising upon claims of or against the king's treasurer and foresters. Under the first Henry, however, the Exchequer appears by that name, according to the writ in Abbot of West- minster V. Certain Men, p. 127 ; and it appears as a court in which common pleas might be tried. In the same 1 See pp, 2, 11, 12, 83 (?), 94 (P), 210, 211, 213, 221, 229, 283. See pp. 11, 12, 83 for probable exainplea. ■* See The King r. Abbot of Tavistock, p. 60. INTKODUCTION. XXXvii reign, about the year 1109, the abbot of Abingdon (p. 99) recovers judgment " in thesauro " as to the manor of Lewknor. In the 14th and 15th years of Henry II., Robert de Hasting, p. 269, renders account before the king's treasurer of money charged against him for con- tinuing a plea between himself and Radulfus Moin "usque ad Scaccarium ;" and in the 16th year of the same reign Hugh Bardul, p. 270, renders account of a charge for delay of a recognition, also " usque ad Scac- carium." In the 18th year of this reign Robert, filius Ernisi, p. 271, is said to owe the treasury five marks for the privilege of trying a case before the justiciar at the Exchequer. In the 31st year of Henry II., Philip de Kyma, p. 278, settles a charge for the privilege of deferring a private suit " ad Scaccarium Paschse." In- deed, at this time litigation had become so characteristic of the Exchequer, that the entries upon the Pipe Rolls (in which the proceedings were preserved) were sometimes entitled " De placitis ad Scaccarium ; " ' as in the case of Roger, son of Everard, p. 275. The trial of common pleas in the Exchequer was, how- ever, probably exceptional throughout the period, though growing more and more frequent >in the lapse of time. Its jurisdiction in this respect was doubtless matter of favour on the part of the king, as the above examples in- dicate, and not a matter of right. Indeed that was in a 1 The fiscal jurisdiction of the Exchequer, indeed, alone gave a wide range of litigation. The ordinary settlements made with the sheriffs were effected by means of judicial process in the nature of a writ of deht ; delinquents towards the king in the King's Court were proceeded against in the Exchequer ; purprestures came within its cognizance ; and indeed so did all matters touching the king's revenue, — some that would have been proper for the Curia Regis. See the Dialogue of the Exchequer, Stubbs's Select Charters, pp.210, 211, 225, 240, 241. XXXVIU INTRODUCTION. measure true also of the King's Court. The right of parties not of high rank to sue in the King's Court must have been purchased ; ' but the difference was that the King's Court was from the first a court for the trial, in part, of common pleas; while the Exchequer never fully became such until the invention of the familiar fiction of later times.^ There was no distinct Court of Common Pleas during our period ; though many of the old writers, misled by the use of terms in GlanvilP and other authors, have sup- posed the contrary. To constitute such a court, there must have been either a distinct judge or staff of judges, with a special denomination, or the judges of the other courts must have had some distinct jurisdiction, laid off fi-om or concurrent with, that of such other tribunals. Nothing of the kind appears in the history of this period. The judges, however, sat most frequently at Westminster by the latter part of the reign of Henry II., and the provision of Magna Carta as to " communia placita " only made obligatory and certain what was al- ready in an advanced state of formation. To attempt to speak briefly of the county, hundred, and private courts would be vain ; and that branch of the history of our period must be left, with the subject of procedure generally, for consideration at another time.'' ' Hence the term still in use of " purchasing a writ." 2 It should be added that the name •' barones " was not at this time confined to the members of the Exchequer, even when used of the judges. 3 " In banco " especially— a term having no reference at this time to any particular court as such. It, however, was probably applied to the judges who sat at Westminster in distinction from others. ^ The working of these courts is presented in scholaily outline in 1 Stubbs's Const. Hist. pp. 393 d acq. INTRODUCTION. XXSIX The result of careful study will show that the adminis- tration of justice during the period of this book was simple and inartificial, but for the most part efficient. The machinery of the courts was not elaborate, but it was suited to the work to be performed. If learning did not greatly abound, such as there was was sufficient for the consideration of questions arising in an age before rights had become complicated by the results of com- merce and invention. In some particulars, the transition period was much shorter than it was in the development of writs and the law of procedure generally. In the year 1101, several cases appear of actions for the recovery of knights' fees.^ These are the earliest cases of actions of that sort on record in England, and they indicate a settled condition of tenure. But in the note to the Abbot of Abingdon v. Anskill, p. 62, it is stated on the authority of the Abing- don Chronicle that the defendant was at the time of the suit a ten,ant of the monastery by knight service, and this was some twelve years earlier than the cases just re- ferred to ; being in the second year of the reign of William Rufus. Indeed a long list is given in this chronicle of tenants by knight service upon lands of the monastery, enfeoffed in the time of William the Conqueror.^ And what is quite as interesting, the reason which led to the adop- tion of the tenure in this particular case is stated. In the disturbed condition of things following upon the ' Abbot Faritius v. William, p. V5 ; Abbot Faritius v. Goscelin, p. V6 ; Abbot Faritius v. Nigel de Oilio, ib. ; Abbot Faritius -u.Walter Giffard, p. 78. ^ 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 3—6 (Reo. Com.). This roll shows that the amount of land constituting the knight's fee agreed upon was not uniform. It probably varied with the value of the land. xl INTRODUCTION. advent of the Normans^ it became necessary to call for a force of soldiery to protect the possessions of the estab- lishment. At first the abbot (Adelelm) employed stipendiaries ; but after the disturbances had been quelled, and after the great survey had determined the number of men that might be required of the abbey for military service, these stipendiaries were retained and turned into tenants by knight service, vacant lands being assigned to them upon the undertaking of the tenants to answer, vi'hen called upon, for each one's portion ' Similar circumstances existing in other places, it is fair to presume that this is not a solitary instance. Wherever the rich possessions of the church or laity were exposed to the depredations of lawless bands, the protection of the military would naturally be sought ; and if faithful service was rendered, the soldiers would be permitted to become tenants of any vacant lands when their services were no longer needed as soldiers. But the case does not rest upon presumption. It appears by Elton's Tenures of Kent^ that the king turned his dreng tenants' into knights for the defence of the country, and that archbishop Lanfranc did likewise.* ' Abbas mansiones possessionnm ecclesias pertinentibxis inde dele- gavit, edioto cuique tenore parendi de auEe portionis mansione. Hist. Abingd. irf sjtjH-o. It could not have been Adelelm who retained the soldiers after Doomsday, since he died two years before the survey was completed. 2 pp. 68, 69 ; 1 Stnbbs, Const. Hist. 262. 3 As to dreng tenure, see the Preface. ■* Quia vero uon erant adhue tempore regis Willelmi [primi] milites in Anglia, sed threnges, prajcepit rex ut de sis milites fierent ad terram defendendam. Fecit autem Lanfrancus thi-engos sues milites ; monachi vero id non fecerunt sed de portione sua ducentas Ubratas terras dederunt archiepiscopo, ut per milites suos terras eorum defen- dorefc et omnia negotia eorum apud curiam Romanam suis expensis expediret, unde adhuc in tota terra monachorum nuUus miles est. Bed in terra archiepiscopi. Stubbs, ut supra. INTRODUCTION. xll However, the record of Doomsday has been thought to be a cheek upon any generalizations founded upon the state of things existing before the survey.' There are numerous references to "milites" in Doomsday; but the term is very rarely used as descriptive of tenure. Of over a hundred passages carefully examined^ in which " milites •" are said to hold lands, there are but two passages in which there is any clear indication that the tenure was knight service.^ And the first of these may only mean that the land was to furnish a soldier. The other passage, however, is clear. This fact w^ould seem at first conclusive that knight service was extremely rare and exceptional ; but the truth is, Doomsday does not always disclose the tenure by vrhich the holders of land were possessed. And the lands of Abingdon furnish conclusive evidence on this point. The Doomsday record, for example, simply declares that " Gilbert holds of the abbot seven hides and a half in Garsington /■' ' but the Abingdon Chronicle states that Gilbert held this par- ticular land by knight service.'' The same person is referred to again directly afterwards as holding in Sueting a hide and a half of the abbot, without mention of the service; but the chronicle says that he held this also by knight service.* Anskill who appears as de- fendant in a case already referred to," is mentioned in Doomsday as holding a hide of land in Marcham of the ^ Digby, Hist. Real Prop. 39; 5 Freeman, Norman Conq. (Oxford ed.) 370, 371 ; ib. Appendix, note HH. ; 3 Palgrave, Normandy and England, 609 et seq. ^ [Cumbe] tempore regia Edwardi valebat LX. sol. et postea L. sol. Modo nil. lib. et servitium unius militis. 1 Doomsd. 10 6. lUe qui tenet de Wadardo, reddit ei L. sol. et servitium unius militis. Ib. 32. ^ 1 Doomsd. 156 b. * 2 Hist. Abingd. p. 5. 5 n,. " Abbot of Abingdon v. Anskill, p. 62. slii INTRODUCTION. abbot ■/ but his holding is by knight service, according to the chronicle. Rainbaldus is merely stated in Dooms- day to hold of the abbot one hide in Tobenie ;^ but the chronicle again states that the tenure is knight service. Doomsday states that Hubert held in Witham five hides of the abbot :^ the chronicle states that he held them by knight service. And many more cases to the same effect. Doomsday therefore does not stand in the way of the assertion of the wide prevalence of knight service, in perfect development, in the time of the Conqueror. The Anglo-Saxon heriot lived on beside the Norman relief frelevamen, relevamentum) for a considerable time, making a faint appearance in Doomsday.'' The heriot was in principle the return at death of the outfit given a man by his lord when the relationship of lord and man was rssumed.* The relief, however, which superseded it was a payment by the heir to his lord, in knightly equipments, or money," for the privilege of being in- vested (raised, relevare) with the estate of his ancestor. It is certain that there was for considerable time con- fusion between the two ideas, as well as in the names ; the Anglo-Saxon term being employed for the Norman institution.' References to the relief are numerous in Doomsday •? but the most interesting example of it is found in a writ of Rufus given by Heming, a monk of Worcester at that 1 1 Doomsd. 58 h. " lb. 3 lb. ■• De harieta lagemannorum habiiit isdem Picot VIII. libras et nuum palefridum et unius militis arma, 1 Doomsd. 189. See also pp. 30 b, 56 I, 280 6, 298 b, where, however, the relief is meant, though called heriot. 1 Ellis, Introd. 271; 5 Freeman, Norm. Conq. Appendix, note II. This is not to be oonfonnded with the heriot of copyhold tenm-e in modem times ; as to which see 2 Black. Com. 97 423.' » 2 Black Com. 433. It came in time, however, to be dischargeable by a money pnymcnt. ' lb. .50. " Xote 4, supra. s j^. INTRODUCTION. xliii time.' The interest attaching to it arises in part from the fact that it calls for money alone^ and not for the equipments of a knight. This possibly is explainable on the ground that it is exacted from tenants of the church, the occasion of it being the death of Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester ; but the more probable explanation, in part is, that it was owing to the rapacity of Rufus, stimulated by his ready chaplain and minister, Ranulf Flambard, who witnesses the instrument. Besides, by this time, money payments of the relief, if not the rule, were not uncommon. The writ affords a striking example of the purposes to which the relief could be pressed by an unprincipled monarch or minister.^ The lands of the church are not only taken into the king^s hand, but the tenants of the 1 The writ is as follows : W. rex Anglorum. omnibus Francis et Anglis qui francas terras tenent de episcopatu de Wireceastra, salu- tem. Scitis, quia, mortus episcopo, honor in manum meam rediit. Nunc volo, ut de terris vestris tale relevamen mihi detis, sicnt per barones meos disposui. Hugo de Laci, XX. libras ; Walterus Punh, XX. libras ; Gislebertus, filius Turoldi, C. solidos ; Bodbertus epis- copus, X. libras ; Abbas de Euesham, XXX. libras ; Walterus de Gloecester, XX. libras; Eoger, filius Dur., X. libras; Winebald de Balaon, X. libras ; Drogo, filius Pontii, X. libras ; Rodbert, filius Sokilin, C. solidos ; Eodbert Stirmannus, LX. solidos ; Anschitillus de Colesburna, X. libras ; Rogerus de Cumtune, XX. solidos ; Eudo, LX. solidos ; Willelmus de Begebiri, XL. solidos ; Eicardus et Franca, C. solidos ; Angotus, XX. solidos ; Beraldus, XX. solidos ; Willelmus de Wio, XX. solidos ; Bodbertus, filius Nigelli, C. solidos ; Alrious archidiaconus, C. solidus ; Ordricus dapifer, XL. libras ; Ordrious Blaoa, 0. solidos ; Colemannus, XL. solidos ; Warinus, XXX. solidos ; Balduuinus, XL. solidos ; Suegen, filius Azor, XX. solidos ; Aluredus, XXX. solidos ; Suiuardus, XL. solidos ; Saulfus, XV. libras ; Algarns, XL. solidos ; Chippingus, XX. solidos. Testibus Eanulfo capellano, et Eudone dapifero, et Urson de Abetot. Et qui hoc faoere noluerit, TJrso et Bemardus sai[si]ant et teixas et pecunias in manu mea. ^ Mr. Freeman attributes all the abuses of this nature of the reign of Rufus to the cunning of Flambard. 5 Norman Conq. (O.\ford ed.) 131—134 ; ib. Appendix, Note HH. xliv INTRODUCTION. church are required in the meantime to become the king's tenants (that is the meaning of the writ)^ not for any good to them, but to fill his hoard. The example is sufficient to explain the promise of Henry I. to exact only a "just and legal relief" from his subjects/ and to show the rapidity of development of all that was most objectionable in English feudal tenure.'' In the year 11 7 7, a question arose between the eldest son of Hugh Bigot by his first wife, and an only son by his second wife, upon the death of the father, as to the right to property acquired by Hugh through purchase, each offering a large sum to the king, in the nature of a relief, the younger son claiming such property by gift ; but the king not being able or disposed to decide at once, appoints a day for hearing the parties, in the mean- time taking the estate, as usual, into his own hands.' In his valuable book on the history of real property law, Mr. Digby has ventured the statement that freedom of alienation i?iter vivos does not appear to have been curtailed until the passage of the Statute De Donis Con- ditionalibus, in the time of Edward I., with two unim- portant exceptions. "There is no trace," he says, " of a license being required for the alienation of lands held of a mesne lord." ^ Several cases in this book indicate that alienation i7iier vivos was not free and unrestricted in our period, by tenants as against their lords.^ In Abbot ' Stubbs's Select Charters, 97. ^ As to the extent to which Eufus availed himself of "analogy" to enrich his coffers, see 5 Freeman, Norman Conq. (Oxford ed ) 131—134. 3 The Widow and the Eldest Son of Hugh Bigot, p. 230. •* Hist. Eeal Prop. 199 (2nd ed.). * Restriction upon alienation, in the interest of the heir, existed at least as early as the beginning of the reign of Henry II., when the so-called laws of Henry I. were collected. "Prime patris feodam INTRODUCTION. xlv Walter v. Gilbert de Baillol, p. 175, the plaintifF is stated to have acquired the land in dispute from a tenant of Barnliorne with consent of his over-lord Withelard de Baillol; and in Abbot Hamlin v. Earl William, p. 182, the archbishop of Canterbury testifies concerning the grant of a church by Robert de H., with consent of his lord.^ Indeed the numerous confirmations by over-lords throughout this period were no doubt sought quite as much by a prudent fear of the claims of the over-lord as for protection against the rapacity of others. Apart from such cases as the above, lands held in commendation, of which there are numerous instances in this book/ must not be overlooked in studying the his- tory of alienation. Doomsday is replete with cases in which freemen who have commended themselves to others for protection cannot sell their lands without consent.^ And the same was true in the Anglo-Saxon period. primogenitus filius habeat ; emptiones vero, vel deinceps acquisiciones suas det oui magis velit. Si booland habeat quam ei parentes dede- rint, non mittat enm extra cognacionem suam." Hen. I. c. 70, § 21. This privilege had been further narrowed by the time of Glanvill. See lib. 7, o. 3. 1 Compare also Abbot Gilbert v. Earl Gilbert, p. 150. 2 Status of a Certain Freeman, p. 43 ; Lands claimed by the Bishop of Bayeux, pp. 45, 46. See also Doomsday Inquisitions in the Appen- dix C. 3 See, for example, the case of Land held by a Certain Freeman, p. 45. " In Dentuna XII. soomanni . . . . et habebant XL. acras, quod nee dare nee yendere poterant terram suam extra ecolesiam.", 2 Doomsd. 138 5. " In Brodiso XXVIII. liberi homines .... tempore regis Eduardi .... Neo dare nee vendere poteraijt sine licentia Sti- gandi, qui sooam habebat." lb. 139, 139 b. The same, however, might perhaps be said of lands held on lease. Mr. Digby probably leaves cases of commendation out of view in his remark, referring only to the ordinary case of tenure. JWTRODUCTION. SOURCES OF MATERIALS USEDj ALSO AUTHORITIES CITED. [Materials are drawn from those works not stated to be " cited."] Abingdon. ChroiiiconMonasteriide Abingdon. Edited by Rev. Joseph Stevenson^ and published bj the Record Commissioners. London, 1858. 2 vols. The ehroniele consists mainly of charters, valuable, but rather loosely strung together ; the second volume covering the period from the Norman Conquest to the reign of Richard I. Many of the charters are also printed in the Monasticon. See infra. This chronicle might properly have been cited as Chron. Men. Abingd., instead of Hist. Mon. Abingd. ; but the latter citation serves to distinguish it from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicon Abbendonise. Besides, the present work is sometimes entitled " Historia Mouas- terii de Abingdon." See Stephenson's preface to vol. 1, p. 14. It is proper to observe, both of this chronicle and of others, that the author prepared his history of antecedent times from the parchment records and docu- ments of his monastery or office, and that there is every reason to believe that this was faithfully done, with a few well-known exceptions, such as in the case of the so-called Ingulfs Chronicle of Crowland. Adams. See Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law. Allen (Charles). Reports of eases argued and deter- mined in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. Boston, 1869. Vol. 2 cited. Allen (John). Inquiry into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in England. Bj^ John Allen. A new ed. London, 184.9. Cited. INTEODUCTION. xlvii Ancient Laws and Institutes of England. By Beu- jamin Thorpe. London^ 1840. Cited. Anfflia Sacra, sive CoUectio Historiarum . . . . de Archiepiseopo et Episcopo Anglise. Edited by Henry Wharton. London, 169 J. 3 vols. A storehouse of early English histories. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Edited by Benjamin Thorpe, and published by the Record Commissioners. London, 1861. 2 vols. Cited. Anglo-Saxon Law. See Ancient Laws and Institutes ; Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law; Wilkins. Annates de Burton. See Annales Monastiei. Annates Monastiei. Containing, inter alia, the Annales de Burton, in which is given the Provisions of Oxford. Published by the Record Commissioners, and edited by H. R. Luard. London. Cited. Antiqnitates Alto-Scandicce. Edited by Rev. James Johnstone. Copenhagen, 1786. Assizes of Clarendon and NortJiampton. In Stubbs^'s Select Charters. See infra. Augustine, Saint. Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuariensis. By Thomas of Elmham, Monk and Treasurer of that foundation. Edited by Charles Hardwick, and published by the Record Commissioners. London, 1858. Contains many valuable charters. Battely. Antiquitates S. Edmundi Burgi. By John Battely, archdeacon of Canterbury. Oxford, 1745. Bello. Chronicon Monasterii deBello. Anglia Chris- tiana Soc. London, 1846. A history of the vicissitudes of the monastery founded by William the Conqueror at Senlac, in commemoration of his victory over Harold, extending to the year 1176. Of great value in legal history. xlviii INTRODUCTION. Benedicius. Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis. Edited by Professor Stubbs, and published by the Record Commissioners. London, 1 867. 2 vols. The Chronicle covers the period from 1169 to 1192, and is to be compared with Roger de Hovenden. See infra. Like Roger, his continuator, Benedict held judicial office under Henry II., and had the amplest means of correct information. As an authority he is of the best. Blackstone. Commentaries on the Laws of England. By Sir William Blackstone. Cited. Bracton. Henrici de Bracton de Legibus et Consue- tudinibus Anglise. London, 161-0. A new edition, published by the Record Commissioners, and edited by Sir Travers Twiss. London, 1878. Only 1 vol. yet issued^ covering but 71 folios of the old ed. Bracton, being subsequent to the period covered by this book, is cited only. Brady. An introduction to the old English History. By Robert Brady. London, 1684. 3 vols. Violently polemical, but containing valuable records. Brakelond. Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda, de Rebus Gestis Samsonis Abbatis Monasterii Sancti Ed- mundi. Edited by John Gage Rokewode, and published by the Camden Soc. London, 1S40. Covers the years 1173 — 1202, and is valuable in legal matters. Brampton's Chronicle. In Tsvysden^s X. Scriptores. See infra. Brunner. Die Entstehung der Schwurgerichte. By Dr. Heinrich Brunner. Berlin, 1871. Cited. Codex Biplomaticus. See Kemble. Cohe. The Reports of Sir Edward Coke. London, 1826. Part 10 cited. Basent. See Njal-Saga. INTllODUCTXON. xlix Dialogue of the Exchequer. Aq invaluable document by Richard, bishop of London, and Treasurer to king Henry II. Piinted in Madox's History of the Ex- chequer, and more conveniently for . use in Stubbs^s Select Charters. Cited. Bighy. An Introduction to the History of the Law of Real Property. By Kenelm Edward Digby. 2nd ed. Oxford, 1877. Cited. Doomsday Booh, seu Liber Censualis Willelmi Primi Regis Anglise. Published by the English Government, 1783. 2 vols. To these vols., known as the Exchequer Doomsday, were added two others in 1816; the first (or vol. 3) containing Indices and an " Introduction to Doomsday " by Sir Henry Ellis ; the second (or vol. 4.) containing the Exon Doomsday, the Inquisitio Eliensis, the Liber Wintouiensis, and the Boldon Book. The Exchequer Doomsday (with the Exon Doomsday and the Inquisitio Eliensis, which are composed of the original returns of the census com- missions as to Exeter and Ely) is, in a word, the. Great Survey of England by William the Conqueror, begun according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1035, and completed in 1086. Tlae survey was made for fiscal purposes, and enumerated most of the pro- perty and tenantry of England, the four northern counties excepted. It was an Inquisition (in an accurate sense) upon a great scale. Questions of title to land and to services, and disputes over the status of persons, were of constant occurrence before the Commissioners ; and the results are briefly stated. The text is unfortu- nately printed with all the contractions of the MS., rendering the book useless to all except persistent students. It is the most valuable monument of the d 1 INTUODUCTIOX. Norman time. For a full account of it, see the first chapter in vol. 5 of Freemau^s Norman Conquest. Dugdale. See Monasticon. Eaimeri Monaehi Cantuariensis Historise Novorum sive sui Sseculi. Edited by John Selden. London, 16^3. Eadmer was contemporary with William I., Rufus, and Henry I. A leading authority. Ecclesiastical Doaimenis. A brief History of the Bishopric of Somerset from its Foundation to the year 1174. By Rev. Joseph Hunter. Published by the Camden Soc. London, 1840. Of some legal interest. Edmund, Saint. See Battely; Brakelond. Eliensis. Liber Eliensis ad Fidem Codicum Variorum. Published by the Anglia Christiana Soe. London, 1848. Quite different from Gale's edition in the XV. Scriptores. The Anglo-Saxon charters are not reliable. Ellis. A General Introduction to Doomsda}' Book. By Sir Henry Ellis. 2nd ed. London, 1833. Cited. Essays in Anglo-Saxon. Law. By Henry Adams and others. Boston, 1S76. Cited. Evesham. Chrouieon Abbatiaa de Evesham ad annum 1418. Edited by William Dunn "Macray, and published by the Record Commissioners. London, 1 863. Contains but little relating to the Norman period, but this little valuable. See pp. 20 — iZ. FiizJierbert. Le Graunde Abridgement [of the Year Books]. By Anthony Fitzherbert. London, 1577. Cited. Florence of JForcester. Florentii Wigornensis Mo- naehi Chronicon ex Chronicis .... usque ad annum 1117. With continuations to 1295. Edited by Ben- jamin Thorpe, and published by the English Historical Soc. London, 1848. Good authority. INTKODUCTION H Fosa. The Judges of England. By Edward Foss. 9 vols. London. Vol. 1 cited. Freeman. The History of the Norman Conquest of Englandj its Causes and its Results. By Edward A. Freeman. 5 vols. Oxford, 1873—6. Cited. Gale. Historiee Brittanicae, Saxonieee, Anglo-Danica3 Seriptores XV. Edited by Thomas Gale, and published at Oxford, 1691. The reports of Anglo-Saxon trials in the histories of Ramsey and Ely are not reliable. Gervase of Dover. Chronicle in Twysden's X. Scrip- tores. See infra. Gesta Henry II. See Benedictus. Glaniill. Tractatus de Legibus et Consuetudinibus Regni Angliae, Tempore Regis Henrici Secundi com- positus. Printed in full at the end of Phillips^s Englisehe Reichs- und Reehtsgeschichte. Also London, 1604, and 1780. Translated by John Beames, London, 1812. Gloucesler. Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri GloucestrisB. Edited by William Henry Hart, and published by the Record Commissioners, London, 1863. 3 vols. Contains valuable charters. Giiterlock. Henricus de Bracton und sein Verhaltniss zum Romischeu Rechte. Berlin, 1863. By Carl Giiter- bock. Translated by Brinton Coxe. Philadelphia, 1866. Cited. Hearne. See Heming; Liber Niger j Testus Rof- fensis. Hemingi Chartularium Eeclesiae Wigornensis. Edited by Thomas Hearne. Oxford, 1733. Heming was a monk of "Worcester, temp. William I., William II., and Henry I. Contains many valuable charters. Henry I., Laws of. See Ancient Laws and Institutes. Henri/ II., Gesia. See Benedictus. d S Ill INTUODtJCTION. Hiches. Georgii Hickesii . . . Dissertatio Epistolaris ad Bartholomeum Sliowere. Oxford^ 1703. Contains valuable charters and records. Historia Novorum. See Eadmer. Holzendorff. Encyclopadie der Rechtswissenschaft, By Dr. Franz von Holzendorff. Leipsie^ 1877. Cited. Hulzendorff. Rechtslexikon. By the same. Leipsic, 1875. Cited. Hovenden. Chronica Magistri Roger! de Houedene. Edited by Professor Stubbs, and published by the Record Commissioners, London, 1868. 4 vols. The author was one of the Court clerks, and a justiciar under Henry II. A high authority. See Benedictus, supra. A translation by Henry T. Riley, in the Bohn series. London, 1853. Kemble. Codex Diplomaticns ^Evi Saxonici. Edited by John M. Kemble, and published by the English Historical Soe. London, 1839—1849. 6 vols. A col- lection of most of the existing Anglo-Saxon charters from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest. Cited. Law Reports. Probate and Divorce. London, 1875. Vol. 3 cited. Leading Cases on Torts, with historical and other notes. By Melville M. Bigelow. Boston, 1875. Cited. LiLer Niger Scaccarii. Edited by Thomas Hearne. London, 1774. 2 vols. ^^ol. 1 largely composed of returns of knights' fees by tenants in capite, made to Henry II., on occasion of the marriage of his daughter Matilda to the duke of Saxony. Cited. Madox. The History and Antiquities of the Ex- chequer of the Kings in England .... From the Nor- man Conquest. By Thomas Madox. London, 1711. Fol. ed. A monument of industry, a great repertoire of INTRODUCTION. 11 il documents relating not only to the Exchequer, but also to the King's Court and to the private jurisdictions. Monasticon Anglicanum : a History of the Abbeys and other Monasteries, Hospitals, Friaries, and Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, with their Dependencies, in England and Wales. By Sir William Dugdale. Last ed. London, 1846. 8 vols, in 6. The richest collection in England of charters and documents of the 11th and 12th centuries. Njal-Saga. The story of Burnt Njal. Translated from the Icelandic by George Webbe Dasent. Edin- burgh, 1861. Cited. Orderici Fitalis Angligense, Coenobii Uticensis Mo- nachi Historise Ecclesiasticae. Edited by Augustus Le Provost, and published by the French Historical Soc. Paris, 1838. 5 vols. Orderic flourished in the 12th century. Good authority. Olaf Tryggvasonar-Saga. In Antiquitates Celts-Scan- dicae. See supra. Falgrave. The Rise and Progress of the English Commonv?ealth. By Francis Palgrave. Loudon, 1832. 2 vols. Vol. 2 contains valuable documents as proofs and illustrations of vol. 1. Palgrave. History of Normandy and England. By the same. London, 1851 — 64. Reprinted, London, 1878. Cited. Phillips. Englische Reichs- und Rechtsgeschichte seit der Ankunft der Normannen im Jahre 1066 nach Christi Geburt. By George Phillips. Berlin, 1827. Reeves. History of the English Law from the Time of the Romans to the End of the Reign of Elizabeth. By J. Reeves. 5 vols. A new ed., edited by W. F. Finlason, in 3 vols. London, 1869. Cited. liv INTEODUCTION. Registrum Boffensi : or a Collection of Ancient Records, Charters, and Instruments of divers kinds, necessary for illustrating the Ecclesiastical History and Antiquities of the Diocese and Cathedral Church of Rochester. By John Thorpe. London, 1769. Valu- able. Rotuli Curia Regis. Rolls and Records of the Court held before the King-'s Justiciars or Justices. Edited by Sir Francis Palgrave, and published by the Record Commissioners. London, 1835. 2 vols. The time covered is from 6 Richard I. to 1 John. Printed with the contractions of the MS. Sclimid. Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen. By Dr. Rein- hold Schmid. 2nd ed. Leipsic, 1858. Contains an invaluable glossary. Cited. Seidell. See Eadmer. Spelman. Glossarium Archaiologicum. By Plenry Spelman. London, 1687. Cited. Statutes at Large. London, 1811. Vol. 1 cited. Stubbs. The Constitutional History of England in its Origin and Development. By Prof. William Stubbs. 3 vols. Oxford, 1875—7. Cited. Stuljbs. Select Charters and other Illustrations of English Constitutional History from the earliest Times to the Reign of Edward the First. By the same. 2nded. Oxford, 1 1 74. Cited. Textns Roffensis : a Register or Chartulary of Rochester Cathedral. Edited by Thomas Hearne. Oxford, 1720. Written about the year 1120 by Ernulf, bishop of Rochester ; with later additions. Of great value. The MS. contains also the Laws of the Anglo-Saxon Kings. Thome's Chronicle. In Twysden's X. Scriptores. See infra. iXTiforrcTiox. Iv Thorpe (Benjamin). See Ancient Laws and Insti- tutes; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Thorpe (Benjamin). Diplomatarium Anglicutn J5vi Saxonici. A Collection of English Charters from the Reign of King iEthelberht of Kent, a.d. 605, to that of William the Conqueror. By Benjamin Thorpe. London, 1865. Thorpe (John). See Registrum Roffense. Tioysden. Historise Anglicanae Soriptores X. Ex Ve- tustis Manuseriptis. By Roger Twysden. London, 1653. Useful. Wendover, Rogeri de, Chronica, sive Flores Histori- arum. Edited by Henry 0. Coxe, and published by the English Historical Soc. London, 1841. Valuable. Wharton. See Anglia Sacra. Wilkins. Leges Anglo-Saxonicse Ecclesiasticse et Civiles. By David Wilkins. London, 1721. Year Boohs of Reign of Edward III. London, 1679. Vol. 2 cited. There are other chronicles and histories of the Nor- man and Angevin period which contain materials useful for the study of legal history ; but none of them now known contain reliable "reports" of litigation. All have been carefully examined. For some account of the MSS. of such of the above chartularies as extend back into the Anglo-Saxon period, the learned reader is referred to the preface to vol. 6 of Kemble's Codex Diplomaticus. William I. William II. Henry I. Stephen Henry IT. Eicliard I. INTRODUCTION. REGNAL YEARS. 1066—1087 1087—1100 1100—1135 1135—1154 1154—1189 1189—1199 THE KING'S JUSTICIARS AND CHAN- CELLORS. William I. Justiciars. Odo, bishop of BayeuXj and William Fitz-Osbern, 1067 ; William de Warren and Richard Fitz-Gilbert^ 1073; Lanfrane, archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, and Robert, earl of jMortain, 1078. Chancellors. Herfast, afterwards bishop of Elmham, 1068; Osbern, afterwards bishop of Exeter, 1070 — 1074 ; Osmund, afterwards bishop of Salisbury, 1074 — 1078; Maurice, afterwards bishop of London, 1078 — 1083; William de Beaufeu, afterwards bishop of Thet- ford, 1083—1085; William Giffard, 1086—1087. WlUiam II. Justiciars. Odo, bishop of Bayeux, 1087—1088; William of St. Carilef, 1088; Ranulf Flambard, afterwards bishop of Durham, 1094 — 1100. Chancellors. William Giffard, 1087—1090; Robert Bloett, 1090; Waldric, 1093; William Giffard, 1094— 1100. Henry I. Justiciars. Robert Bloett, 1100 — 1107; Ralph Basset (?) ; ' Roger, bishop of Salisbury, 1107 — 1135. • See pp. 112, 113, Anglo-Saxon Chron., Anno 1124. INTRODUCTION. Ivii Chancellors. William Giffard, 1100—1101 ; Roger, 1101—1103; William Giffard, 1103—1104; Waldric, 1104; Ranulf, 1108— 11S53; Geoffrey Rufus, afterwards bishop of Durham, 1124—1135. Stephen. Justiciar. Roger, bishop of Salisbury, 1135 — 1139 ; Richard de Luci (?) ' —1154. Chancellors. Roger, bishop of Salisbury, 1135 — 1139; Philip, 1139. Henry II. Justiciars. Robert de Beaumont, earl of Leicester, 1154— 1167 ; Richard de Luci, 1154 — 1179; Ranulf de Glanvill, 1180—1189. Chancellors. Thomas a Becket, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, 1154 — 1162; Ralph de Warnevill, 1173 — 1181 ; Geoffrey, filius regis, afterwards archbishop of York, 1181—1189. Richard I. Justiciars. Hugh, bishop of Durham, and William, earl of Essex, 1189 ; Hugh, bishop of Durham, and William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, 1190 ; William Longehamp alone, 1190 ; Walter of Coutances, arch- bishop of Rouen, 1191 — 1193 ; Hubert- Walter, arch- bishop of Canterbury, 1194—1198 ; Geoffrey Pitz-Peter, earl of Essex, 1198—1199. Chancellors. William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, 1189—1197; Eustace, bishop of Ely, 1197—1199. Besides the above justiciars, it must be understood that there was also a great number of inferior judges who were sometimes called justiciars. See, for example. Abbot Faritlus v. Gamel, p. 102. Then there were occasional justiciars of the king, delegated to hold special 1 See 1 StubbB, Const. Fiat. 449, 450. Iviii INTRODUCTION. pleas; as in the case of The King v. Abbot of Tavistock, p. 69. But those above named possessed vice-regal powers, and were justiciars by distinction. Their func- tions, unlike those of modern judges, were not merely judicial, but were also fiscal, and, in the absence of the king from England, nearly universal. INDEX OF CASES. [Tt is deemed unnecessary to present the names of the parties in reversed order.] Ahbot of St. Edmund v. Eobert, 27ti, Abbess of St. Mary, 295. Abbey or Abbot of Abingdon, 94, 97, 106, 111, 149, 206. Abbot of Abingdon v. Anskill, 62. V. Gosoelin, 90. V. Jordan de Po- diis, 148. . V. The King's Foresters, 64. — V. Turstin, 167. Abbot of Battel v. Alan de JBellafago, "245. Abbot and Monks of Gloucester, 250 —256. Abbot of Gloucester v. Men of Glouces- ter, 251. V. Robert, 162, 163. V. Walter, 128. V. William, 130. Abbot of St. Andrew v. Haimo, 3 1. Abbot of St. ADgastine v. Ansf.id, 293. . V. Archdeacon of Canterbury, 110, 116. V. Emeline de Eoos, 207. Thanet, 224. — u. Men of — V. William de Eoos, 205. Abbot of St. Augustine's Claims, 32, 66. Abbot of St. Edmund, 244, 284. V. Abbot of Peterborough, 32. (/. Jordan, 286. ■ V. The Jews, 279. Abbot of St. Peter, 293, 294. V. Baldwin, 301. Abbot of Tavistock, 61. Abbot of Westminster, 127. Abingdon. See Abbey or Abbot of Abingdon ; Church at Abingdon ; Prior and Convent of Abingdon. Abrinois v. Abbey of Abingdon, 73. Adam, Son of Aluric, 268. Adeliz V. Hagh de B , 300. Ailward, 260. Aincurt's Claim, 59. Aitard v. Eoger Bigot, 303. Alan 0. Wido, 60. Alatj, Earl, v. Hardwin, 298. Alan, Lands of, 41, 43. Alfuoth V Ala, 61. Alfred v. Walter of Flanders, 299 Aluric V. Roger Bigot, 305. Anesty, Richard de, v. Mabel de Pranoheville, 311. Ansculf, a Sheriff, 291. Archbishop of Canter bary u. Abbot of Battel, 143. V. Abbot of St. Edmund, 238. - V. Bishop OJo, 4, 293. Archbishop of York, 166. —^-^— u. Bishop Geoffrey, 223. V. Bishop Odo, 57. Ix INDEX OF TASES. Archbishop of York r. Tailboig, 57. V. Tison, 50. Lands of, 58. Asa, Lands of, 48. Asoelin v. Monks of St. Andrew, 160. Athellelm v. Officers of the King, 30. Bainard v. Robert, Son of C, 304. Bardul, Hugh, 270. Bamage, Ralph, 141. Becket, Thomas k, 211, 213, 216. Benedict, the Jew, 277. Berkley Manor, 39. Bearere's, Drogo de, Claim, 59. Bigot, Roger, 303. Bigot, Widow and Heir of, 230. Bishop of Bayeux. See Odo, Bishop of. Bishop of Durham v. Canons of Beureli, 50. V. Eudo, 56. V. Gilbert de Gand, 56. ■ V. Robert Malet, 48. Breton's and Breteuirs Cases, 11. Bruford, 269. Buildewas. See Monks of Buildewas. Busli V, William de Warren, 52. Canons of St. Martin ti. The King, 159. Canons of St. Mary, 310. Canterbury. See Abbot of St. Augus- tine ; Archbishop of Canterbury ; Men of Canterbury ; Mills of Canter- bury ; Monks of Canterbury. Cellarer of Abingdon v. Master of a Ship, 102. Certain Persons v. Beliardis, 181. Chester, Bishop of, 301. Chiidon, Villata de, 275. Church and Aqueduct at Southwark, 37. Church and Land in Greston, 41. Church at Abingdon, 113. V. William, 130. Church of Ely v. Odo, 301. Church of Rochester, 90. Church of St. Andrew, 165. Church of St. Augu.stine, 148. Church of St. Benet, 72. Church of St. Mary, 96, 105, 298. V. Robert, 300. 0. W. de Montefi- chet, 91. Church of St. Peter, 74, 163. V. Milo, 129. Church of York v. Church of Glouces- ter, 189. Clare, Earl of, u. Abbot of St. Ed- mund, 280. Customs of Foreign Merchants, 37. Dean of Wells, 272. Drogo I'. Church of St. John, 54. V. Wide, 60. Drogo de Beurere's Claim, 59. Durand, 294. Earl of Clare v. Abbot of St. Edmund, 280. Edric, a Freeman, 306. Edwin V. William, 1. Eldred, Brother of Odo, 296. Ely, Church of, v. Odo, 301. Ely, Lands and Liberties of, 22, 40. Ermenold v. Paritius, 131. Emwin v. Osbern de Arcis, 53. Fardenc, Robert, 306. Faritius, Abbot, 9t, 95, 108, 109. v. Ared, 96. V Adelelm, 104. V. Egilwin, 131. V. Gamel, 102. V. Godric, 91. V. Goscelin, 76. V. Gotselin de Eiparia, 92. 99. ■ V. Hugh, 110, 124. ■ V. Jordan de Sackville, I'. Men of Farnham,98. V. Men of Stanton, 89. • V. Men of Sutton, 101. INDEX OF CASES. h Faritiua, Abbot, v. Nigel deOilio, 76, 77. V. Richard de Moute, 107. ■ V. Robert Maledoit, 97. V. Walter Giffard, 78. V. William, 75. Ferrariia, Ralph de, 269. Fifty Men, Case of, 72. Forfeited Lands, 44. Fossard, Nigel, Lands of, 53. Fotestorp, Lands in, 43, 61. Freeman, A, v. Torold, 301. Freeman, Land of, 45. Freeman, Status of, 43, 44, 302, 304. Free Woman, A, v. Aitard, 305. Fugitives, 268. Gand, Gilbert de, v. Robert de Feci, 59. Gausbert, Abbot, v. Bishop Stigand, 14. Gansfrid, Abbot, v. Abbot of Mar- moutier, 122. V. Robert de Chil- ton, 84. V. The King's Col- lectors, 86. Geoffrey de M., Fee of, 302. Giffard, Robert, 141. Gilbert, Abbot, v. Earl Gilbert, 150. Gabert of Plumpton, 233. Gilbert Tison v. Bishop of Durham, 48. Girard of Camvill, 283. Glanvill, Ranulf de, 273. Godfrey, Bishop, 215. Godric v. Roger Sad, 303. Godwin v. Robert, 137. Greston, Ohixrch and Land in, 41. Gundulf, Bishop, v. Pichot, 34. Hamingeston, Land in, 44. Hamlin, Abbot, v. A certain Person, 219. , „ V. Earl William and Picot, 182. Hasting, Robert de, 269. Henry, Bishop of Winchester, 165. Henry de Pirariis, 274. Henry of Essex, 210, 247. Herbert, Bishop, v. Peter de Yaloniis, 310. Homager v. Earl Eustace, 298. Hordarer of Winchester v. Abbot In- gulf, 2e2. Hospital of Jerusalem -u. Abbot Ham- lin, 248. Hubert of St. Q. c. Stephen of F., 285. Hugh V. Turstin, 295. Hugh, Abbot, 121, 125. V. Canons of St. Martin, 98. V. Manasaer Arsic, 108. Hugh Bardul, 270. Hugh de B. v. William de C, 299. Hugh de Kirketon, 268. Hugh de Port, Land of, 38. Hugh, Earl, -u. William de Percy, 47. Huntingdon. See Priests of Hunting- don. Icklesham, Robert de, n. Abbot Wal- ter, 179. Ilbert V. Roger of Poitou, 801. Isaac V. A certain Nun, 305. John, the Marshall, v. Thomas h Becket, 211. Joslin of Hocton, 271. Judges and Jurors of York, 142. Juliana and Robert r. Prior and Monks of Roffa, 267. Jumifeges, William of, v. Abbot Fsiri- tius, 93. Kempe, Swetman, 271. King, The, v. Abbot of Tavistock, 69. V. A certain Clerk, 301. V. Azor, 297. „. Bishop Odo, 51, 291. V. Bishop William of St. Carilef, 307. D. Burohard, 305. V. Church of St. Peter, 301. e. Henry de F., 297. V. His Sheriffs, 216. V. Hugh, 109. Ixii INDEX OF CASES. King, The, ». Nigel, 49. ». Bobert Belisme, 83. V. Robert de.Monteiicliet, 94. V Robert, Earl of Leicester, 229. V. Robert Malet, 82. V. Sawin, 296. r. Thomas k Becket, 213. T. Walkelin, 203. King's Officers, The, 296. Laking, Robert of, v. Scaliger, 249. Land in Groton, 45. Land in Hamingeston, 44 Land in Photestorp, 43. Land in Risby, 52. Land in Tomoure 52. Lands and Liberties of Ely, 22, 40. Lands of Abbot Uhvold, 294. Lands of Alan, 41, 43. Lands of Alvin, 296. Lands of Asa, 48. Lands of Bishop Odo, 293. Lands of Freeman, 45. Lands of Hugh de Port, 38. Lands of Nigel Fossard, 53. Lands of Norman, 53. Lands of Ralph, 40, 41, 42. Lands of Thomas, Archbishop, 58. Lands of William de S., 304. Lands of William of Warren, 41, 42. Lands of William Malet, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54. Lanfranc, Archbishop, v. Bishop Odo, 4, 293. Legra, Manor of, 302. Liberties of Abingdon, 73, 107, 143, 156, 203. Lofus V. Bishop Odo, 294. London Citizens v. Wydo, 62. Losward r. Gilbert de Gand, 55. Lnci, Robert de, 272. Malart v. Bricstan, 111. Malet, Robert, v. William de Percy, 51. Malet, William, Lands of, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54. Mandeville, Robert de, v. Reginald de Warren, 210. Manor of Legra, 302. Manor of Spersold, 39. Matilda's Case, 79. Matthew, Abbot, v. Banulf, 226. Matthew de Vemun, 142. Manrioius de Wadenhal, 276. Men of Canterbury, 159. Men of Mortemer, 59. Men of Odo v. Robert, 54. Men of Periton v. Abbot Faritius, 99. Men of St. Angnstine i,. Citizens of Canterbury, 88. Men of Wallingford v. Abbot Walkelin, 198. Men of Whistley v. Osatus, 87. Michael de Spikeswick, 270. Mills of Canterbury, 232. Modbert v. Prior and Monks of Bath, 114. Monks of Abingdon, 106, 204, 250. — V. OfEcersof TJrso, 92. V. The King's Bai- liffs, 206. Monks of Basselech v. Picot, 155. Monks of Bordsley, 188. Monks of Buildewas r. Men of Sheriff of Salop, 264. Monks of Canterbury v. Archbishop Baldwin, 240. Monks of Durham v. Monks of York, 117. Monks of Gloucester, 126, 162, 164, 254, 255, 257. Monks of St. Augustine, 87, 88, 146. Monks of St. Benet, 71. Monks of St. Edmund v. Citizens of London, 282. Monks of St. Stephen v. The King's Tenants, 119. Monks of Winchester, 295. V. Ralph de Mortemer, 295. Mortemer' s Claim, 47. Mortemer's Men, 59. INDEX OF CASES. Norman, Lauds of, 53. Norway Merchants v. Mowbray, 67. Odo, Abbot, 221. Odo V. Geoflfrey, 296. Odo, Bishop, V. Abbot Walter, 20. V. Archbishop Lanfranc, 10. V. Mother of Robert Malet, 45. Odo's Meu V. Robert, 54. Officer, An, v. Earl of Mortain, 294. Oger, Son of Oger, 276. Osbern, Bishop, 297. Ou, William de, 69, 296. Pagenel v. Church of St. Peter, 47. Percy, William de, v. Nigel, 50. Peter v. Remeliu, 136. Pererell's Estate, 147. Philip de Kyma, 278. Philip of Mattesdon v. Abbot Hamlin, 264. Photestorp, Land in, 43, 61. Piperell, Ranulf, v. A certain Soldier, 302. Priests of Huntingdon v. Earl Eustac 299. Prior and Convent of Abingdon v. Thomas of Essebum, 234. Prior of Hospital of Jerusalem r. Abbot Hamlin, 218. Prior of Worcester, 378. Rainald v. Abbot of Gloucester, 258. Ralph Barnage, 141. Ralph, the Cook, 271. Ralph de Eerrariis, 269. Ralph, Lands of, 40, 41, 42. Ralph Mortemer's Claim, 47. Men, 59. Ranulf V. Ralph, 307. V. Robert de Muscams, 137. Ranulf, Bishop, v. Alan de Percy, 309. Ranulf de Glanvill, 273. Ranulf Peverell's Estate, 147. Rayner v. Hugh, 55. Reimund de Baldao, 269. Bemigius, Bisliop, 30, 299. Rex. See King, The. Reynold, Abbot, v. Edwy, 67. Richard. Abbot, v. Ranulf, 124. Richard de Curoi v. Father of R. M., 307. Richard del Lech, 273. Robert v. Gernun, 93. • V. Gilbert de Gand, 57,. 58. V. Lord of Stow, 139. V. Men of W., 139. V. Peverell, 138. V. The King, 57. Robert de Hasting, 269. Robert de Icklesham v. Walter, 179. Robert de Luci, 272. Robert de Ross, 268. Robert Pardenc, 306. Robert Gififard, 141. Robert, Son of Brieuus, 275. Robert, Son of Ernisua, 271. Robert, Son of Gerard, 141. Robert's Wife v. Abbot of Abingdon, 180. Rochester, Church of, 90. Roger V. Alvin de T., 303. Roger, Abbot, 220. Roger, Archbishop, v. Bishop Geoffrey, 223. Roger Bigot v. Godrio, 305. V. Ralph, 304. Roger de Eir, 270. Roger, Prior, v Abbot of St. M., 231. Roger, Son of Everard, 275. Roger, Son of GeofErey, 140. Rufus, William, v. Richard, 265. Saint Andrew. See Abbot of St. Andrew. Saint Andrew, Church of, 165. Saint Augustine. See Abbot of St. Augustine ; Men of St. Augustine ; Monks of St. Augustine. Saint Augustine, Church of, 148. Saint Benet, Church of, 72. Saint Edmund. See Abbot of St. Edmund; Monks of St. Edmund. XIV IXDEX OF CASES Saint Marr, Church ot, 96, 105. 29S. r. Robert, 300. ■ v. "VT. de MoDte- fiehet, 91. Saint Peter, Caioich ot Ti 163. ■ V. Miio, 129. Saint St^pben. See Monks of St. Stephen. Scotland r. Hado, 13. S::tla2ii'£ Claim, 36. Senex, .Jolm, 2.31. Serlo, Abbot, r. Archbishop Thoic&s, 29. SLeitbtiry Hundred, 270. Sheriii ci Berkshire v. Walkelin, 207- Simon de ifedel-^ood. 27S. Simon, Son of Peter, 27.5. Sokeman, A- r. The King, 2^ SfKjrsold Manor, 39. Staroi of a Freeman, 43, 44. S:irdev^rJ. Bichard de, i'. The Eicg. .51. Swerman Kempe, 271. Tailbois r. The King, -SS. Tarald r. Godric, 302. Thomas, ArcLbi=top, i. Bishop Odo, Walter, Abbot, 2?S. r. Alande XeTilL 173. r. Bishop of ChicteB- ■ r. TaLboii. 57. Tierricti=. Sim of Bcger. 140. Tison, Gilbert. '.. Bishop of Durham, 4S. Todeni, Eoberr de, i. Judith, 59. Tnrpm, William, r. Abbot Boger, 217. TemTm, 142. Tillata de CHldon, 275. TincQit, 152. r. Basset. 121. r. Simon, 135. W., tr,e Chamberlain, r. Adtilf, 3t>0. Waleran, Son of VTiliiani, 140. WaBeelin e. Abingdon, 2 05. r. Basset, 107. T. Pagan, 20S. WaUingfoid. See Men of WaJlingford. ter. 156. • T. Gilbert Baillol, 17^ Walter de Dowai, 294. Walter Palmer, 270. Walter. Son of Amfr., 271. Walter de Tavemer, 274. Waltheof; Earl 12. Warren, Lands of William of, 41, 42. Wells, Dean ot, 272. WMstley, Men of, r. Osatns, S7. Wife of Eobert r. Abbot of Abingdon, ISO. William r. Abbot and Monks of Glon- cester, 13.5. William, Abbot, r. John and Hicbard, 261. waiiani Basset. 272. William de ColeriD, 274. William de C. r. Hugh de B., 299. \\ iiHam de Ottrinkeham, 26S. Wmiam, Earl, 29b. William Germms, 272. William le Lntre, 141. William of BertelCT, c. Abbot Tnomas, 2eiisset, dfligenter inqmsita et bene eognita verftate, r^em qnam citins potoit et non pigre inde leqnisiTit. Praecepit ago res comitatnm totnm absque mora considere et bomines eomitatns onm^ Franeigmae et piaecipiie Anglos in antiqms l^libns rt consaetndinibus peritos in unnm conTenire. Qni cnm oonveneront apnd Pinendenam omne pariter consederont. Et qaoniam mnlta placita de diratiocina- tionibas terraram et verba de consoetadinibns l^iun inter areldepiseopnm et pisedietnni Saioceasem epis- copnm ibi sorreserant, et etiam inter consaetndines Ti^al^ et areldepiseopale5 qose prima die expediri non potnemnt. ea causa, tatos oomitatus per tres dies ftiit ibi detentns. In illis tribns diebus diratioeinavit ibi Ijan&aneus arcfaiepiseopas pluies tenas qnas tone ipse episoopas et homines sni tennernnt, Tiddieet, Heiebeitas filins Ivonis, Taroldtis de Sovecestria, Badolfas de Cnrra Spina, Hngo de Monte Forti, com omnibns eonsnetndinibns et rebus qnse ad easdem terras per- tinebant; scilicet Batolfe, Sandwie, Batebnig, Wede- tane, Monasterinm de Lunning enm teiris et con- saetadinibns ad ipsum Monasterinm pertinentibas, Salimde enm bnigo Hetfae ad Saltmde pertinente. Langport, Hiwtndenne, Bokinge, DeUinge, Pr^titnne, Snnderbeiste, Caibetbe, Orpintnne^ ELaesford^ qirataor piseboidas Biocbe, de Xiwentnne, Stotes et Derintune. In Snthreia, fevente rege WiDielmo, diratioeinaTit ipse archiepiscopns Mnrtelaehe. In Lnndonia monasterinm SanctsB Mariae, com terris et domibns qnas IiiTingns presbyter et uxor Ulias babnerantj in Midl^exe, Heigbas, Heisam; in Bochingeamsire, Bisebergam, WILLIAM I. 7 Haltaue ; in Osenfordsire, Niwentune ; in Eastsexe, Stislede ; in Sutfolcliia, Fraehenliam. Item super Radulfum de Curva Spina LX. solidatas de pastnras in Grean. Et omnes illas terras et alias diratiocinavit cum omnibus eonsuetudinibus et rebus quse ad easdem terras pertinebaut ita liberas atque quietas, quod in ilia die qua ipsum plaeitum finitum fait non remansit homo in toto regno Anglis qui aliquid inde calumpniaretur neque super ipsas terras etiam parvum quiequam clama- ret. Stokes vero et De^^ntune et Fracbenham reddidit ecelesise Saneti Andre.se, quia de jure ipsius eeelesise antiquitus fuerunt. Et in eodem placito non solum istas pi-ffinomiiiatas et alias terras sed et omnes libertates ee- clesio? su;T?j et omnes eonsuetudines suas renovavit, et renovatas ibi diratiocinavit, soca, saea, tol, team, fljmena, frymtlie, grithbreebe, foresteal, baunfare, infangenne- tlieof, cum omnibus aliis eonsuetudinibus paribus istis vel minoribns istis in terris et in aquis, in S3'lvis, in viis^ et in pratis, et in omnibus aliis rebus infra civitatem et extra^ infra burijum et extra, et in omnibus aliis loeis. Et ab omnibus illis probis et sapientibus bominibus qui affueruiit ftiit ita ibi diratiocinatum, et etiam a toto eomitatu recordatum atque judieatum quod sicut ipse res teuet suas terras liberas et quietas in suo dominieo ita areliiepiscopus Cantuariensis tenet suas terras omnino liberas et quietas in suo dominieo. Huic plaeito inter- fueruut Goisfridus episoopus Constantiensis qui in loeo reo"is fnit et justitiam illam tenuit, Lanfraneus arcbi- episeopus qui ut dictum est placitavit et totum diraeio- cinavit, comes Cantia^, videlicet prredictus Odo Baioeensis episcopus, Ernostus episcopus de Rovecestria, .Sgelricus episoopus de Cicestra, vir nutiquissimus et legnm terrte sapientissimus (qui ex prfficepto regis advectus ftiit ad O PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. ipsas antiquas legum consuetudines discutiendas et edo- cendas in una quadriga) Richardus de Tunebregge, Hugo de Monte Forti, Willielmus de Arces, Haymo vice- comeSj et alii multi barones regis et ipsius archiepiscopi atque illoruni episcoporum homines multij et alii aliorum comitatuum homines etiam cum toto isto eomitatu multse et magnse auctoritatis viri, Francigenae scilicet et Angli. In horum omnium prsesentia multis et apertissimis rationibus demonstratum fuit quod rex Anglorum nullas consuetudines habet in omnibus terris Cantuariensis ecclesiee nisi solummodo tres. Et illee tres, quas habet, consuetudines hse sunt ; una, si quis homo archiepiscopi elFodit illam regalem viam quse vadit de civitate in civitatem. Altera, si quis arborem incidit juxta regalem viam et earn super ipsam viam dejecerit. De istis duabus consuetudinibus qui culpa- biles inventi fuerint atque detenti, dum talia faciunt, sive vadimonium ab eis acceptum fuerit sive non, tamen in secutione ministri regis et per vadimonium emenda- bunt quae injuste emendanda sunt. Tertia, consuetudo talis est. Si quis in ipsa regali via sanguinem fuderit, aut homicidium vel aliud aliquid feeerit quod nullatenus fieri licet, si dum hoc faeit deprehensus atque detentus fuerit, regi emendabit. Si vero deprehensus ibi non fuerit, et inde absque vade dato semel abierit, rex ab eo nihil juste exigere poterit. Similiter fuit ostensum in eodem placito quod archiepiseopus Cantuariensis ecclesiag in omnibus terris regis et comitis debet multas consue- tudines juste habere. Etenim ab illo die, quo clauditur Alleluya usque ad octavas Paschas, si quis sanguinem fuderit, archiepiscopo emendabit. Et in omni tempore tam extra quadvagesimam quam infra, quicunque illam eulpam feeerit quK childvvite vocatur, archiepiseopus WILLIAM I. 9 aut totam aut dimidiam emendationis partem habebit. Infra quadragesimam quidem, totara ; et extra^ aut totam aut dimidiam emendationem. Habet etiam in eisdem terris omnibus qusecunque ad curam et salutem anima- rum videntur pertinere. Hujus plaeiti multis testibus multisque rationibus determinatum finem postquam rex audivitj laudavit, laudans cum consensu omnium princi- pum suorum confirmavit^ et ut deineeps incorruptus perseveraret, firmiter prsecepit. Eadmer says concerning this case : " Hie [i. e. Odo] domina- tione qua immensum sustoUebatur, non modo terras, sed et libertatem nominatsB ecolesiae, nullo ei resistente, multiplioiter invaserat, op- presserat, tenebat. Qnee, ubi Lanfranous, ut erant, didicit, apud regem de illis egit siont oportere soiebat. TJnde praecepit rex, qua- tenus adunatis primoribus et probis viria non solum de comitatu CantiEe sed et de aliis comitatibus Anglias, querelse Lanfranci in medium dncerentur, examinarentur, determinarentur. Disposito itaque apud Pinendene principum conventu Goffridus episcopus Con- stantiensis, vir ea tempestate pr^dives in Anglia, vice regis Lanfranco justitiaia de suie querelis strenuissime facere jussus, fecit. Lanfran- ous enim valida ratione subnixus, ex communi omnium astipulatioue et judicio, ibi cuncta recuperavit quae osteusa sunt antiquitus ad jura ecclesiaa Chiisti Cantuariensis pertinuisse, tarn in terris quam in. di- versis consuetudinibus." Hist. Novorum, 9 (Selden). The record is not clear concerning the nature of the trial, but it is not improbable that, as to facts not attested by charter, the new pro- cedure by inquisition was employed. Brady says of the case : " The King's Commissioners were to pronounce the judgment, in the King's name or stead. So the bishop of Constance did right to Lanfrane. The inquest upon their oaths found the matter of fact ; the judges stated it to the people, and delivered their judgment, to which the primores and probi homines assented ; for it was ea? communi omnium^ astipulatione." 1 Hist, of England, 191. Here and elsewhere he speaks of the trial as an inquisition. lb. p. 193, " these jurors." It is not probable that the case was decided by battle ; nor is it likely that it was decided by the ordeal. It is almost as improbable that the facta were determined by wager of law. 10 placita anglo-noemannica. [Bishop Odo v. Archbishop Lanfeanc. Probably soon after the foregoing trial.]' [After tlie foregoing trial, Odo, by pennission of the king (hia half- brother), institutes a suit for the purpose of annulling the judg- ment rendered, and regaining the lands adjudged to Lanfrano. To this suit, men skilled in the law are summoned, and, Lanfrano failing to appear, Odo succeeds in his purpose. The result is now reported to Lanfrano by his men, and the proceedings narrated. Lanfrano detects an error in the pleadings, and accordingly summons a court for the next day, when the judgment in favour of Odo is set aside.] Item alio tempore idem Odo, permittente rege, placitum instituit contra ssepefatam ecelesiam, et tutorem ejus patrem Lanfraneum, et illue omnes quos peritiores legum, et usuum Anglici regni noverat, gnarus adduxit. Cum igitur ad eventilationem causarum ventum esset, omnes qui tuendis ecclesiae causis quaque eonvenerant in primo congressu ita convicti sunt, ut in quo eas tuerentur simul amitterent. Ipse namque Lanfrancus non intererat. Talibus enim, nisi necessitas summa urgeret, ei interesse moris non erat. Ipsi ergo in camera lectionse divinae occupato quid gestum fuerit nuneiatur. At ille, nil corde perterritus, dicta adversariorum non recte processisse asseruit, et ideo cuncta in crastinum induciari prfecepit. Sequent! nocte, adest in visu anti- stiti beatus Dunstanus, monens ne ilium multitudo conturbet, sed de prsesentia sui securus placitum mane ipsemet hilaris intret, quod et fecit. Suas itaque causas quodam exordio quasi a rebus quse tractatse fuerant vel tractandae penitus alieno cunctis stupentibus orsus, ita processit ut quaj super eum pridie dicta fuerunt sic devinceret et inania esse monstraret, ut donee vitse prfe- senti superfuit, nullus exurgeret qui inde contra eum os aperiret. 1 Hist. NoTorum, 9 (Selden). william i. 11 [Case of Ealph Beztox axd Bx)gee de Beeteuil. 1075.]' [The defendants, having revolted, are sTininiODed to the King's Court in England to answer a charge of treason. Befasing to attend, ther are attacked and overcome by the king's forces, and their followers are maimed. The king, having retnmed &om Xormandy, summons a comicil to trr the rebels, and Eoger, appearing, is adjudged gnilty, disinherited and imprisoned, according to the Norman law.J [Ralph Breton, earl of Xorfolk, and Eoger de B.^ earl of Hereford, having revolted against the king] Guillel- mus itaque de Guarenna et Rieardus de Benefacta, filias Gisleberti comitis, qaos rex prsecipuos Angliae justitiarios constitnerat in regni negotiis, rebellantes convoeant ad eariam regis. Uli vero prasceptis eorum obseenndare contemnunt ; sed proterviam prosequi eon- antes, in regios satellites praeliari eligunt. Xec mora Gnillelmus et B-icardus exercitum Angliae coadunant, aeriterqne contra seditiosos in campo, qui Pagaduna dicitur, dimieant. Obstantes vero Dei virtnte super- ant, et omnibus eaptis, cujuscumque conditionis sint, dextrum pedem, ut notificentur, amputant. [The king, returning from Xormandy, now snmmona a council of his great men, including the rebels.^ Rogerius vero de Britolio comes Herefordensis ad curiam regis vocatus venit, et inquisitus manifestam toti mundo proditionem negare non potuit. Igitur secundum leges Xormaunorum judicatus est, et amissa omni haere- ditate terrena in carcere regis perpetuo damnatus est. TEarl Ealph, not appearing, was outlawed- The rebellion grew out of a conspiracy at Norwich. See Case of Earl Waltheof, p. 12, aud note.] 1 2 Ord. Vital. 262, 263 (French Hist. Soc). 12 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. [Case of Earl Waltheof. 1075.]' [Earl Waltheof is accused by Ma enemies of treason to king William, his oifence being a failure to disclose a conspiracy against the king to which he was invited, but refused, to become a party. The court at first decline to pronounce him guilty ; but afterwards the earl's enemies succeed in obtaining a majority of the court, and the earl is condemned to death.] GtTALLEVUs comes ad regem accersitus est^ et per de- lationem Judith uxoris suee accusatus est, quod prss- dictae proditionis ^ conseius et fautor fuerit^ dominoque suo infidelis extiterit. Ille autem intrepidus palam re- cognovit quod proditorum nequissimam voluntatem ab eis audieritj sad sis in tarn nefanda re nullum omnino assensum dederit.' Super hac confessione judicium in- dagatum est, et censoribus inter se diversa sentientibus per plures inducias usque in annum protelatum est. Interea praefatus heros apud Gueutam in careere regis erat Denique prjevalens concio semulorum ejus in curia regali coadunata est ; eumque post multos tractatus reum esse riiortis defiuitum est, qui sodalibus de morte domini sui tractantibus consenserit, nee eos pro herili exitio pereulerit, nee aperta delatione scelerosam factionem detexerit. ' 2 Ord. Tital. 265 (French Hist. Soc). ' Against William I. , 3 He had refused to join the conspiracy, but had not disclosed its existence ; the conspiracy referred to being the determination of the earls of Norfolk and Hereford, at Norwich, to revolt against the king, the result of which is seen in the preceding case. william i. 13 [Abbot Scotland v. Hamo^the Sheriff. 1076.]' [Writ of the king commanding reseisin of landa to be given to tho churcli of St. Augustine, of which it had been unjustly deprived ; followed by a grant of (probably) the same lands by the bishop of Bayeux, with the king's licence.] WiLLELMUs, Dei gratia rex Anglorum, Lanfranco archiepiscopo Cantuariensi efc Godefrido episcopo Con- stantiniensi, et Roberto comiti de Ou, et Hugoni de Monteforti, suisque aliis proceribus regni Anglise, salu- tem. Mando et prsecipioj ut faciatis Sanctum Augus- tinum et abbatem Scotlandum resaysire burgum de Fordwich, quern tenet Hamo vicecomeSj omnesque aHas terras, quas abbas Alsinus fugitivus meus, vel levitate, vel timore, vel cupiditate alicui dedit, vel habere eonsensit. Et si aliquis aliqua violentia inde aliquid abstraxeritj vos illos, velint nolintj constringite reddere. Valete. Teste Odo episcopo Baioeensi, in dedicatione Baioeensi. [The following grant of lands and customs at Ford wick appears of the next year.]' Willelmus rex Anglorum Lanfranco archiepiscopo Cantuariensi et Hamoni vicecomiti, et R. filio comitis G., et Haimoni vicecomiti, et omnibus tamnis de Kent, Francigenis et Anglicis, salutem. Sciatis episcopum Baioeensem fratrem meum, pro amore Dei et pro salute animae mese et sua, dedisse Sancto Augustino quicquid habet Fordwicum, tam in terris et pratis et domibus et consuetudinibus, quam in aliis rebus, et quod dedit licentia mea sciatis ilium dedisse. 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 352 (Rec. Com.). ' lb. This grant was caused, perhaps, by the above writ. 14 placita anglo-nokmannica. [Abbot Gausbert v. Bishop Stigand. Ecclesiastical. About 1076.]^ [The bishop of Chichester required by the king to induct the abbot of Battel at Battel Abbey.] Gausberto itaque eleeto, cum ad eum benedicendum episcopus Cicestrensis Stigandus nullatenus assentiretj nisi Cieestriam benedicendus adiret, regem hac de causa providus abbas caute adivit ; causam exposuit, quid agendum foret inquisivit. Quo cognito, indignatus rex episcopo interminatus prascepit^ quatinus abbatem in ecclesia Sancti Martini de Bello, omni remota ealumnia, benediceretj eo etiam modo, ut illic ipse^ vel suorum aliquis, eodem die ex consuetudine nee hospitaretur nee cibum quidem sumeretj in testimonium videlicet liber- tatis ejusdem ecclesise. [Same Parties. Ecclesiastical.]'' [Freedom of Battel Abbey from jurisdiction of the bishop of Chiches- ter determined by the King's Court.] Abbatb igitur Gausberto, et regise majestatis reverentia, et propria prudentia, plurimum coram regni primoribus honoris locum optinente, episcopi tamen Cieestrise ssepius infestatione vexabatur. Ipsum nempe sinodum apud Cieestriam adire summonebatj abbatiam quasi ad suam diocesim pertinentem plurimis calumniis opprimere quserebat, ut scilicet in ea vel in his, qute illius erant, sibi aut ecclesiffi suae aditus dominandi aliquis pateret. Quod prfficavens abbas, heec iterum regite intulit aulse. • Chron. Mon. de Bello, 25 (Ang. Chris. Soc). ' ib_ 26. WILLIAM I. 15 Cujus rei causa coram regis curia ventilata, statutum est in communis ut de eadem ecclesia at leuga circumjacente se episcopus non intromitteret, sed abbas ecclesiss suae et leugEe cii-cumjacentis judex sit et dominusj ut servi Dei seeularibus curis expediti^ soli Deo et saluti omnium' intenderentj et suae ecclesiae cum praedicta leuga, et seeu- lari et ecclesiastico more prseessent, episcopo base et reliqua quse praedicta sunt cum regali auetoritate con- firmante. [The following appears to have been the confirmation granted.] ^ Willielmus Dei gratia rex Anglorum, tarn clericis quam laicis per Angliam constitutis, salutem. Notum sit vobisj me concessisse et confirmasse, assensu Lanfranci archiepiscopi Cantuariensisj et Stigandi episeopi Cices- trensis, et consilio etiam episeoporum ae baronum meorum, ut ecclesia Saneti Martini de Bello, quam fundavi ex voto ob victoriam quam mihi Deus in eodem loco contulit, libera sit et quieta in perpetuum ab omni servitute et omnibus quaeeunque bumana mens excogitare potest, cum omnibus dignitatibus et eonsuetudinibus re- galibus quas ei regali auetoritate concessi, sicut cartae meee testantur. Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio, quate- nus ecclesia ilia, cum leuga cireumquaque adjaeente, libera sit ab omni dominatione et oppressione episeopo- rum, sicut ilia quae mihi coronam tribuit, et per quam viget decus nostri regiminis. Nee liceat episcopo Cices- trensi, quamvis in illius dicecesi sit, in ecclesia ilia, vel in maneriis ad eam pertinentibus ex consuetudine hos- pitari, contra voluntatem abbatis; nee ordinationes aliquas ibidem facere, nee abbatiam in aliquo gravare. Sed neque super illam, dominationem aliquam, aut vim, ' animarum ? ' Hist. Novorum, 165 (Selden). 16 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. vel potestatem, exerceat, sed, sicut mea dominica capella, libera sit omnino ab omni ejus exactione. Ad synodum vero abbas ire non summoniatur nee compellaturj nisi propria voluntate pro aliquo negotio ire voluerit. Nee monaehos suos, ubi sibi opportunius viderit, ad sacros ordines promoveri facere prohibeatur. Nee altariran saerationes, confirmationeSj vel quaslibet episcopales benedictiones, abbatis vel monachorum requisitione a quolibet episcopo ibidem libere fieri, ab aliquo contra- dicatur. Hoc etiam regali auctoritate, et episcoporum, ae baronum meorum attestatione, constituOj quatenus abbas ecclesise suae, et leugee circumjacentis per omnia judex sitj et dominus. Defuncto abbate, de eadem ecclesia, abbas eligatur, nisi forte (quod absit) ibidem idonea persona reperiri non possit. Hanc constitutionem meam, sic voto et regali auctoritate confirmatam, nullus successorum meorum violare, vel imminuere prsesumat. Quicunque igitur contra libertates vel dignitates ejusdem ecclesise fecerit, forisfacturae regise coronse subjaeeat. Hujus rei testes sunt, Lanfrancus archiepiscopus Can- tuariensis, Stigandus Cicestrensis episcopus, Walkelinus episcopus Wintoniensisj Wulstanus Wigorniensis epis- copus. Qui omneSj me proesentCj et audiente, borum prteceptorum meorum et constitutionum violatores per- petuo anathemate damnaverunt. Apud Winton. [Bishop Wulfstan v. Abbot Waltee. About 1077?]' [Bishop Wulfstan claims the right to various services of abbot VTalter, which are refused by him. An assembly of " counties 1 Thorpe's Dipl. 440. See Appendix. WILLFAM I. 17 and barons'' being held before the king's justiciar, Geoiirey, bishop of Coutanoes, the plaintiff advances his claim against the abbot, and the abbot denies it. The plaintiff now claims the right to call legal witnesses who had seen and performed the ser- vices in the time of Edward the Confessor. It was accordingly determined that the plaintiff should name his witnesses and pro- duce them upon a day stated, and that the abbot, who had said he had no witnesses, should bring any relics he could obtain. The plaintiff's witnesses appear at the time (set by writ of the justiciar), prepared to make the proper oath, and the defendant appears with the relics of St. Bgwiu ; but by advice of friends, the defendant confesses judgment.] Hec commemoratio placiti^ quod fuit inter W. epis- copum et Walterum abbatem de Eovesham : hoc estj quod ipse episeopus reclamabat super ipsum abbatem sacam, et socam, et sepulturam, et ciresceat, et requisitiones, et omnes consuetudines faciendas ecclesise Wigorniensi in hundredo de Oswaldeslawe, et geldum regis, et servi- tium, et expeditiones in terra et in mari^ de XV. hidis de Hantona, et de IIII. hidis de Benningewrde^ quas debebat abbas tenere de episcopo, sicut alii feudati eeclesise ad omne debitum servitium regis et episcopi libere tenent. De hac re fuit magna contentio inter episcopum et abbatem, qui abbas diu resistens injuste hoc defendebat. Ad ultimum tamen hsec causa ventilata et discussa fuit per justitiam, et breve et preceptum regis Willelmi senioris, quod misit de Normannia, in presentia Gosfridi Constantiensis episcopi, cui rex mandaverat ut interesset predicto pla«it0j et faceret discernere veritatem inter episcopum et abbatem, et fieri plenam rectitudinem. Ventum est in causam. Conventus magnus factus est in Wirecestra vicinorum comitatuum et baronum ante Gosfridum episcopum. Discussa est res; facta est supradicta reclamatio W. episcopi super abbatem. Abbas banc defendit, episeopus legitimes testes inde reclamavit, qui tempore regis Edwardi hoc viderant, et predicta C 18 PLA.CITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. servitia ad opus episcopi suseeperant.' Tandem ex precepto j ustitiae regis^ et decreto baronum, itum est ad juditium : et quia abbas dixit^ se testes contra episcopum non habere, judicatum est ab optimatibus, quod episcopus testes suos nominaret, et die constituta adduceret, et per sacramentum dicta episcopi probarent, et abbas quas- cunque vellet reliquias afferret. Concessum est ab utraque parte. Venit dies statuta. Venit episcopus W. et abbas Walterus, et ex precepto Gosfridi episcopi ; afFuerunt barones qui interfuerant priori plaeito et juditio. Attulit abbas relliquias, scilicet corpus Sancti Ecguuini. Ibi afFuerunt ex parte episcopi probabiles personse, paratse facere predictum sacramentum, quarum unus fuit Edri- cus, qui fuit, tempore regis Edwardi, stermannus navis episcopi, et duetor exercitus ejusdem episcopi ad servi- tium regis; et bic erat homo Rodberti Herefordensis episcopi, ea die qua sacramentum optulit, et nichil de episcopo W. tenebat. Affnit etiam Kinewardus, qui fuit yiceeomes Wireeestrescire, qui hoc vidit, et hoe testabatur. AfFuit etiam Siwardus dives homo de Scrop- seyre, et Osbernus filius Ricardi, et Turehil de Ware- wicscyre, et multi alii seniores et nobiles, quorum major pars jam dormiunt. Multi autem adhuc superstites sunt, qui illos audierunt, et adhuc multi de tempore regis Willelmi idem testificantes. Abbas autem videns sacra- mentum et probationem totam paratam esse, et nullo modo remanere si vellet recipere, accepto ab amicis consilio, episcopo demisit sacramentum, et totam quere- 1am recognovit, et omnem rem sicut episcopus reelama- 1 The king's writ directed that the case should be decided upon the rights of the parties sicut erant die, qua novissirae, tempore regis Eduuardi, geldum acceptum fuit ad navigium faciendum. 1 Monasti- con, 601 (ed. 1816). See Appendix. WILLIAM 1. 19 veratj et inde, concordiam se facturum cum episeopOj conventionem fecit. Et iude sunt legitimi testes ajrad noSj milites, homines Sanctee Mai-isSj et episcopi, qui hoc viderant et audierunt, parati hoc probare per sacramen- tum et helium contra Rannulfum fratrem ejusdem Walteri abbatis^ quem ibi viderunt, qui cum f'ratre suo tenebat Ulud placitum contra episcopum, si banc con- ventionem negare voluerit, factam inter episcopum et abbatem. Habemus etiam sacri ordinis viros, sacerdotes et diaeonoSj paratos illud affirmare juditio Dei. [The king's writ of execution of aboTe.] Willelmus rex Anglorum V. vicecomiti, et Osberno filio Escrop, et omnibus Francis et Anglis de Wiriceas- trescyrCj salutem. Volo et precipio, ut episcopus Wulfstanus ita pleniter habeat socam, et sacam, et servitia, et omnes consuetudines ad suum hundred et ad terras suas pertinentes^ sicut melius habuit in tempore regis Edwardi ; et de terris quas ipse diratio- cinavit abbatem de Eovesham de suo feudo tenere, scilicet IIII. hidas ad Benninguurdcj et domos in civitate, precipioj ut, si abbas illas vult habere, sibi inde serviat, sicut alii sui feudati. Et de XV. hidis de Hantona, unde episcopus diratiocinavit socam, et geldum, et expeditio- nem, et cetera mea servitia ad suum hundred, et cirichescot, et sepulturam ad suam villam pertinere, precipio, ne ullus ei contra teneat, sed sic habeat omnia de illis ad meum opus et suum, sicut coram Gosfrido episcopo, et coram vobis, secundum meum preceptum, testante vieecomitatu, diratiocinatum et juratum est, teste ipso Gosfrido episcopo et E. de Ivereio. c % 20 placita anglo-nobmannica. [Bishop Odo v. Waltee of Evesham. About 1077.]' [Walter, abbot of Evesham, following advice, refuges to receive homage from many of his men, desiring to take away their lands. The men in anger go to Odo, the king's half-brother, and allege that Walter's predecessor had come into possession of the lauds in ■ question by unlawful means; whereupon he assembles five shires, and by their judgment recovers twenty-eight towns of the abbot. The abbot, however, institutes a counter-suit, and succeeds in re- gaining possession of them.] Hic [Walterus] vero abbas efFectus, omnem abbatiam banc sicuti antecessor suus babebat suscepit. Sed quia tunc temporis juvenis erat setate, minus sseculari prudentia Ijr3>ditus quam oporteret, sequens consilia quorundam juvenum parentum suorum ad maximum damnum ecclesige, noluit bomagium a pluribus bonis hominibus quos prsedecessor suus habuerat suscipere, eo quod terras omnium si posset decrevit auferre. Qua de re in iram et odium contra eum conversi, ad Odonem fratrem regis, Baiocensis ecclesise episcopum, qui tunc temporis sub rege quasi quidam tyrannus prsefuit buie patrise, miserunt, falsa accusatione dicentes abbatem Ageluuium^ per fortitudinem, non recto jure, tantas terras acquisivisse. Quapi-opter praesul prsefatus, nefandorum bominum consilio depravatus, cupiditate etiam iniquissima res ecclesise habendi nimium illeetus, regem fratrem adiit, et tam pecunia quam iniquis suis aceusationibus terras sancti monasterii bujus sibi dari obtinuit. Protinus ergo quasi lupus rapax concilia malignantium in loco qui dicitur Grildenebeorge jubet congregari, quinque videlicet sciras, ibique plus per suam iniquam potentiam quam recto jure ex triginta sex terris quas abbas Ageluuius ' Chron. Abb. de Evesham, 96 (Eeo. Com.). - Walter's predecessor. WILLIAM I. 21 per dignam pecuniam ecclesiee aequisivit, viginto octo villas fecit eidem abjurari et suo iniquo doininio usur- pari. Quarum nomiDa hie subtitulantur : Beningwrthe, Heamtun, TJptun, Wittun, Aruue, Ecleshallj Raggeleie, Saltford, Eatheristun, Bromej Graftune, Ceasteltun, et alia Ceasteltun^ Cornuuelle, Quenintun, Sciptuiij Saltford, Deorneford, Stoke^ Hudicote, Peppeuurthe, Dorsintun, Milecote, et alia Mileeote, AetuDj Branesford, Winleshale> Bivintone, Budiford, Eunilade, Deilesford^ Westune Leinch quam Ursini tenent contra Rotulum Winton.' De hiis vero Walterus abbas Westune Hamptnne et medietatem de Beningwrthe (quam Ernegrim tenuit) revocavitj medietatem vero quam episcopus dedit Assere occupavit Urso. [Abbot Walter afterwards recovered these lauds in a suit before Beven shires. See the writs following : — ] [The king's writ in favour of abbot Walter as to the above lands.] ^ W. rex Anglorum^ Lanfraneo archiepiscopo et Odoni Baiacensi episcopo et omnibus baronibus suis totius Anglise^ salutem. Seiatis me dedisse Deo et Sanetse Mariee et Waltero abbati de Evesham, Westun et Swellam et Beningwrtham et alias terras quas ipse abbas dirationavit coram multis baronibus meis Agilde- burga, et vole et firmiter prsecipio ut cum tali lege et libertate teneat ipsas terras sicut unquam antecessor ejus melius tenuit tempore regis Edwardi et meo, et prsecipio ut nuUus super defensionem meam de illis terris aliquam calumniam ei faciat. ' Doomsday. 2 Chron. Abb. de Evesham, pref. xlviii (Reo. Com.). 22 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. [Another like writ by Odo. ] ' Odo Baiocensis episcopus Wlstano episcopo, Urso et Durando et Wal., vieecomitibus de WireeestresMre et Gloucestreshire et Warewicscire, et omnibus fidelibus regis, Francis et Anglis, salutem. Sciatis omnes quod dominus mens Willielmus rex reddidit Deo et ecclesise de Evesham et Waltero abbati illas terras quas ipse abbas explacitavit coram VII. schires ad Gildeneberga contra omnes injuste eas quserentes, hoc est, Weston et Swella et Beningwrtha et Bivinton, Withlakesford et Oleberga et Kinewarton et Hildeburewrtha et Rageleia^ et constanter defeudo ex parte regis ut nullus amplius super hoc ei injustitiam faciat^ sed istas et omnes alias terras cum magno honore et pace teneat, et nemini inde respondeat nisi regi. [Lands and Liberties of the Church at Ely. 1080.]^ [At a, court of three counties, held at Kenetford, the abbot of Ely recovers various lauds and franchises of the church of which it had been disseised at the Conquest.] Anno ab incarnatione Domini raillesimo octogesimo, in- dictione undecima, epactaj XXVI. quarto nonas Aprilis facta est discussio libertatis abbatise Elyensis. Qu9b regis Willelmi defensione quatuordecim annis neglecta iniqua ministrorum ejus exactione suffocata.j penitus extingui formidabat oppressa, Godefrido autem mona- ' Chron. Abb. de Evesham, pref. xlviii (Rec. Com.). ' Liber Elieusis, 251 (Ang. Chris. Soc). The above title is used for the sake of convenieuce, to cover several different litigations by the church at Ely. WILLIAM I. 23 cho res sanctae' procurante, rex tandem respeetu divinse raise ricordise instinctus his intendere, principibus circum- positis per Baiocensem episcopum pra3cepit hsec diseutere, adunato ad Keneteford trium proximorum comitatuum examine. Cui disputationi multi ssepe interfuerunt^ de quibus aliquos subscripsimus qui finem dissensionis rate conclusionis fide intulerunt. Quatuor abbates cum suis Francigenis et Anglis ; Baldewinus iEdmundinensis, Wlfwoldus Certesiensis, Ulfchetel Crulandensis, Alfwoldus Holmensis : legati regis, Rieardus filius comitis Gisleberti, Heimo dapifer, Thiel de Heruin ; vicecomites similiter cum suis, Picot, Eustachius, Radulfus, Walterus. Pro Eodgero et Rodberto vicecomites Harduuinus, Wido, Winur, Wihumur, Odo, Godricus, Norman, Colsuein, Godwinus. Ceteriqui plurimi milites probati FrancigensB et Angli etiam de IIII. comitatibus ^sex, Hereford, Huntendune, Bedeford. Est autem libertatis hujus veneranda quietatio ut sancta regina integerrime sua possedit ab initio et regum ^dgari et ^thelredi et -^dwardi comprobatur privilegiis quod hsec sanctorum et maxime ^thelwoldi restaurata sunt studio, et ab omni ssecularium potestate copiose redempta eommercio, et maligne renitentibus conscripta et conclamata dampna- tionis imprecatio. Hanc validissimam discussionem et cautissimam institutionem ne qua posset inquietare calumpnia provida et benevola se regis accinxit industria, prseceptis eam roborans, edictis confirmans, beneficiis augens, cartis muniens, quarum unam present! negotio adjacentem rerum series exposcit subscribi. Willelmus" Anglorum rex omnibus fidelibus suis et 1 i. e. St. Etheldreda. 2 Liber Bliensie, 252 (Ang. Chris. Soc). 'Zi PLACITA ANGF.O-NOilMANNICA. viceeomitibus in quorum vieecomitatibus abbatia de Ely terras habet salutem. Praecipio ut abbatia habeat omnes consuetudines suas scilicet sacham et soehanij toll et team, et infanganetheof, hamsoena et grithbricbe, fihtwite et ferdwite infra burgum et extra, et omnes alias forisfacturas quae emendabiles sunt in terra sua super suos homines. Has in quam' babeat sicut babuit die qua rex Edwardus fuit vivus et mortuus et sicut mea jussione dirationatse sunt apud Ceneteford per pluras scyres ante meos barones, videlicet Gaufridum Constan- ciensem episcopum et Baldewinum abbatem et abbatem iEilsi et Wlwoldum abbatem et Ivonem Taillebois, et Petrum de Valloniis, et Picotum vicecomitem et Tielum de Helvin et Hugonem de Hosdeng et Gocelinum de Norwic et plures alios teste Rogero Bigot. [An inqTiisition is now directed by the king in regard to cer- tain lands held by others but claimed by the church, as the title stood when Edward the Confessor died, with orders that such as then be- longed to the church should now be restored.] Willelmus" rex Anglorum, Lanfranco archiepiscopo, et Rogero comiti Moritonii, et Gauifrido Constantiensi episcopo salutem. Mando vobis et prascipio ut iterum faciatis congregari omnes scyras quae interfuerunt placito habito de terris ecclesias de Heli, antequam mea conjux in Normanniam novissime veniret. Cum quibus etiam sint de baronibus meis qui competenter adesse poterunt, et praedicto placito interfuerunt, et qui terras ejusdem ecclesiEe tenent. Quibus in unum congregatis, eli- gantur plures de illis Anglis qui sciunt quomodo terrie jacebant prffifatse eeclesiae die qua rex Edwardus obiit ' inquam ? 2 Liber Eliensis, 256 (Ang. Chris. Soc). WILLIAM I. as et quod inde dixerint ibidem jurando testentur. Quo facto restituantur ecclesise terrse quse in dominio suo erant die obitus Edwardi, exeeptis his quas homines clamabant me sibi dedisse. lUas vero litteris mihi signate, quse sint et qui eas tenent. Qui autem tenent theinlandes qusB proculdubio debent teneri de ecclesia, faciant eoneordiam cum^ abbate quam meliorem poterintj et si uoluerunt terrse remaneant ad eeclesiam. Hoc quoque de tenentibus socam et sacam fiat. Denique prsecipite ut illi homines faciant pontem de Heli, qui meo prsecepto et dispositione hueusque ilium soliti sunt facere. [The following writ was issued concerning those who claimed under the king, an exchange of lands being promised.]' Willelmus rex Anglorum, Gosfrido episcopo^ et Rod- berto et comiti Moritonio, salutem. Facite simul venire omnes illos qui terras tenent de dominico victu ecclesise de Heli, et volo ut ecclesia eas habeat sicut habebat die qua Edwardus rex fuit vivus et mortuus^ et si aliquis dixerit quod inde de meo dono aliquid habeat, mandate mihi magnitudinem terrse, et quomodo cam reclamat, et ego secundum quod audiero, aut ei inde eseambitionem reddam, aut aliud faeiam. Facite etiam ut abbas Sjmeon. habeat omnes consuetudines quse ad abbatiam de Heli pertinent, sicut eas habebat antecessor ejus tempore regis Edwardi. Prseterea facite ut abbas saisitus sit de illis theinlandis quse ad abba- tiam pertinebant die quo rex Edwardus fuit mortuus, si illi qui eas habent secum concordare noluerint, et ad istud placitum summonete Willelmum de Gaurenna, 1 Liter Eliensis, 256 (Aug. Chris. Soc). 26 PLACITA ANGLO-NORJIANNICA. et Ricardum filium comitis Gisleberti, et Hugonem de Mouteforti, et Q-offridum de Mannavillaj et Eadul- fum de Belfo, et Herveum Bituricensenij et Harde- winum de Esealers^ et alios quos abbas vobis nomi- nabit. [Another writ of the king concerning lands claimed by the abbot of Ely.] 1 Willelmus rex Anglorum, Lanfranco arcbiepiseopo, et Gosfrido Constantiensi episcopo, salutem. Facite abbatem de Heli resaisiri de istis terris quas isti tenent. Hugo de Monteforti; unum manerium uomine Berebe- bam; Ricardus filius comitis Gisleberti, Brochesheve; Picotus vicecomes Epintonam ; Hugo de Bernervi Til. hidas ; Remigius episcopus I. bidam ; episcopus Baio- censis II. hidas ; Frodo frater abbatis I. manerium. Duo earpentarii I. hidam, et III. virgatas, si ipse abbas poterit ostendere supradictas terras esse de dominio suse eccle- sise, et si supradicti homines non poterint ostendere ut eas terras babuissent de dono meo. Facite- etiam ut abbas prsedictus babeat sacam suam et socamj et alias consuetudines sicut antecessor ejus habuit, die qua rex Edwardus fuit vivus et mortuus. [The king's writ concerning privileges of Ely over certain hundreds of Suffolk.] 2 Willelmus rex Anglorum, Lanfranco arcbiepiscopo, Goisfrido Constantinensi episcopo, et Rodberto comiti de Moritonioj salutem. Facite Simeonem abbatem habere socam et sacam suam prout suus antecessor habuit, tempore regis Edwardi videlicet de quinque hundrez 1 Liber Eliensis, 257 (Ang. Chris. Sue. ). ' lb. 258. WILLIAM I. 27 de Sutlifulch, et ab omnibus viris qui terras tenent in illis hundreZj videte ne abbas prsedictus quicquam in- juste perdat et facite ut omnia sua cum magno honore teneat. [The king's writ forbidding the bishop of Lincoln from requiring new customs of the church at Ely, &o.] ' Willelmus rex Anglorum^ Lanfranco archiepiseopo et Goisfrido episcopo, et Rodberto comiti de Moritonio, salutem. Defendite ne Remigius episcopus novas con- suetudines requirat infra insulam de Heli. Nolo enim ut ibi habeatj nisi illud quod antecessor ejus habebat tempore regis Eadwardi^ scilicet qua die ipse rex mor- tuus est, et si Remigius episcopus inde placitare vo- lueritj placitet inde sicut feeisset tempore regis Eadwardi, et placitum istud sit in vestra prsesentia. De custodia de Norwic abbatem Symeonem quietum esse dimittite, sed ibi munitionem suam conduci faciat et custodiri. Facite remanere placitum de terris quas calumpniantur Willelmus de Ou et Radulfus filius Gualeranni et Eod- bertus Gernon si inde placitare noluerint, sicut inde placitassent tempore regis Eadwardi^ et sicut in eodem tempore abbatia consuetudines suas habebat^ volo ut eas omnino faciatis habere^ sicut abbas per cartes suas et per testes suos eas deplacitare poterit. [The king's writ commanding induction of the abbot of Ely, &c.] ' Willelmus rex Anglorum, Lanfranco archiepiseopo, salutem. Volo ut videas carthas abbatis de Helij et si dicent quod abbas ejusdem loci debeat benedici ubi- cumque rex illius terrse prsecipiet, mando ut eum ipsi 1 Liber Eliensis, 258 (Ang. Chris. Soc). 2 lb. 259. 28 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. benedieas. Prseterea fac ut illi faeiant pontem de Jleli, sine excusatione qui eum soliti sunt facere. Inquire per episcopum Constantiensem, et per episcopum Walche- linum, et per cseteros, qui terras sanetse iBtheldritliBe, scribi et jurari fecerunt, quomodo juratae fuerunt, et qui eas juraverunt, et qui juratiouem audierunt^ et quae sunt terrsBj et quantffij et quot, et quomodo voeataB, et qui eas tenent. His distincte notatis et seriptis, fac ut seito inde rei veritatem per brevem tuum sciam et cum eo veniat legatus abbatis. [The king's writ commanding that the customs of Ely be pre- served, &o.]' Willelmus rex Anglorum, Lanfranco archiepiscopo, et Goisfrido Constanciarum episcopo atque Rodberto comiti, salutem. Mando vobis ut abbatem de Heli^ sine dila- tione habere faciatis benedictionem, et terras suas atque omnes consuetudines ut vobis ssepe per breves meos mandavi. Et quicquid ipse per placitum de dominio adquisierit ; nil cuiquam inde tribuat nisi mea licentia, et sede placitorum ei faeite rectum, defendentes ut nullus ejus incidat silvas^ munitionemque suam babeat in Norwic et homines sui sint ibi eum opus fuerit omnia- que sua cum honore habeat teste Rogero de Ivreio. [Another similar writ of the king.] ' Willelmus rex Anglorum, Lanfranco arehiepiscopOj et Goisfrido J salutem. Volo ut consecratio abbatis de Heli quam E-emigius episcopus requirit, remaneat donee per litteras tuas eognoscam si Remigius monstravit^ vel monstrare poterit^ quod antecessores sui abbates de Heli, eonsecrassent. Quod at Christianitatem pertinet in ilia 1 Liber Eliensis, 259 (Ang. Chris. Soc). » lb, 260. WILLIAM I. 29 abbatia fiatj et consuetudines pro quibus Remigius vinum requirit ipse habeat sicut monstrare poterit ante- cessores ejus habuisse temporis regis Eadwardi. Molen- dinum de Grantebrugge quod Picotus fecit, destruatur si altera' disturbat. De dominieis terris sanctse ^theldrithse sit abbas saisitus sicut alia vice prsecepi, qui alteras tenent vel socam et sacamj de abbate recog- noscant et deserviant aut eas dimittant. CASES OP THIS REIGN OF LESS CERTAIN DATE. [Abbot Serlo v. Archbishop Thomas.]^ [The king's writ confirming jndgment before himself in favour of the plaintiff as to certain lands.] WiLLELMUS^rex Anglorum, Wlstano episcopo WygorniEBj et Willelmo filio Osberti, et omnibus baronibus et ministris suis de Gloucestria et de Wyreeestresyra, salutem. Sciatis me coneessisse, et reddidisse, atque confirmassCj Deo, et Sancto Petro de Gloucestria^ et Serloni abbati, et monacbis ejusdem ecclesise, omnes terras suas quas Thomas archiepiscopus Eboracensis injuste tenebatj scilicet Lecche, Otintonaj Stanedis, cum omnibus eisdem pertinentibus, sic solutas et quietas, sicut ante me reeognitum est easdem terras ad ecclesiam prsefatam Sancti Petri de Gloucestria a sui principio pertinuissCj et eundem arcbiepiscopum nullum jus in illis terris habuisse. Quare vole et firmiter prsecipio ut 1 Other MSS. " alteram." 2 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 107 (Rec. Com.). 30 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA, ecclesia prsenominata de Gloucestria has supradictas terras cum omnibus sibi pertiuentibus, bene et in pace, libera et quiete, et honorifi.ee teneat, cum sacca, et socna, et toUio, et theam^ et infangenetheof, et cum omnibus reetitudinibus, legibuSj et consuetudinibus, quas eidem ecclesiae nostra regia potestate concessi. Et defendo super hoc ne aliquis ei injuriam vel torturam sive calumniam faciat super forisfacturam meam. Testibus Lanfranco archiepiscopo, Galfrido episcopo de Constan- tiis, et Roberto comite de Moretane. [Case of Bishop Remigius.]' [Acquitted of charge of treason by the ordeal of fire, undergone by one of the defendant's household.] [Remigius episcopus] de regia quoque proditione fuit aliquando accusatus^ sed quidam famulus ejus igniti judicio ferri dominum purgans, regio amori restituit. [Abbot Athellelm v. Officers of the King.]^ [The king by his writ directs that the customs of Abingdon, as they may be proved by the abbot, shall be respected. The rights of the church proved by a charter of Edward the Confessor, and by the testimony of the county j the abbot being assisted by certain lawyers.] WiLLELMUS, rex Anglorum, Lanfranco archi episcopo, Roberto de Oilleio, et Rogero de Pistri, et omnibus aliis, ' 2 Rog. de Wend. 24 (Eng. Hist. Soc). 2 2 Hist, Mon. de Abingd. 1 (Rec. Com.). WILLIAM I. 31 fidelibus suis totius regni Anglise, salutem. Sciatis me coneessisse Sanetse Marise de Abbendonia, et Athellelmo abbati ejusdem loci, otnnes consuestudines terrarum suarum, qusecunque jacent in eeclesia prfedicta, ubi- cumque eas habeat, in burgo vel extra burgum, secundum quod abbas iste Athellelmus poterit demonstrare, per breve vel cartamj ecclesiam Sanctoe Mariee de Abben- dona, et prsedecessorem suum, eas consuetudines habuisse done regis Eadwardi. Quarum recitatio literarum in Berkescire comitatu prolata plurimum et ipsi abbati et ecclesise commodi attulit. Siquidem regii officiales illis diebus hominibus in ecelesiee possessionibus diversis locorum manentibus multas inferebant injurias ; nunc has, nunc vero illas consuetudines, eis pati satis graves, ingerentes. Sad exhibitis prsedictis imperialibus mandatis, quibus recti- tudines ecclesise per cartam Eadwardi regis et attestatione comitatus in eodem comitatu tunc publice ventilates, ipsi officiales repulsam sibi adversam, ecclesise autem com- modam, suscepere ; id viriliter domno Athellelmo abbate satagente. Cui plurimum auxilii ferebant duo ecclesise hujus monachi, germani quidem fratres, quorum major natu Sacolus, junior vero Godrieus vocabatur, cum qui- bus et Alfwinus presbyter, tunc ecclesiam regise villse Suttune huic viciuse gubernans ; quibus tanta secularium facundia et praeteritorum memoria eventorum inerat, ut eseteri circumquaque facile eorum sententiam ratam fuisse, quam edicerent, approbarent. Sed et alii plures de Anglis causidici per id tempus in abbatia ista habe- bantur quorum collationi nemo sapiens refragabatur. Quibus rem ecclesise publicam tuentibus, ejus oblocutores elingues fiebant. 32 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. [The following writ appears immediately after the above.] Willelmus, rex Anglorum^ vicecomitibus suis, ministrls totius AnglisBj salutem. Sciatis quod volo et prsecipio ut omnia quae ministri monaclioruin Abbendonise ement ad vietum monachorum in eivitatibus et burgis^ et omnibus mercatis^ omnino sint quieta ab omni tbeloneo et consuetudine ; et prohibeo vobis^ sicut me diligitis, ne aliquis vestrum amodo illis iude injuriam faeiat. Teste Eudone dapifero, apud Burhellam. [Abbot of St. Edmund v. Abbot of Petbrbokotjgh.] ' [The kingfa writ commanding the abbot of Peterborough not to molest the abbot of St. Edmund in carrying away stones for his church.] WiLLiELMUS rex Anglise abbati de Burgo, salutem. Mando tibi et prsecipio, ut permittas abbatem Sancti Edmundi sufBeienter accipere de petra ad eeclesiam suam sieut hactenus habuit, et non amplius sibi im- pedimentum facias in adducendis petris ad aquam, quam antea fecisti. Teste episcopo Dunelmensi. [Abbot of St. Augustine's Claim to a Ship.]' [The abbot of St. Augustine claims to have been disseised of a ship, and the king's sou (the king being in Normandy) directs an ' Battely's Antiq. St. Edmund, 50. 2 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 353 (Eec. Com.). WILLIAM I. 33 inquisition to ascertain the truth. The fact found in favour of the abbot, and a writ issued, followed by another from the queen, ordering reseisin of the abbot.] WiLLELMUs filius regis Willelmo vicecomiti de Kent, salutem. Prsecipio quod prsecipias Hamoni, filio VitaliSj et probis vieinis de Sandwich, quos Hamo nominavit, ut dicant veritatem de nave abbatis de Sancto Augustino, et si navis ilia perrexit per mare die qua rex novissime mare transivit, tunc prsecipio ut modo pergat quousque rex in Angliam veniat, et interim resaisiatur inde abbas prsedictus. Teste episcopo Sarum et eancellario, apud Wodstoke, [Writ of execution of above on judgment.] ' Willelmus filius regis Willelmo vicecomiti de Kent, salutem. Prsecipio quod resaisias abbatem de Sancto Augustino de nave sua, sicut ego prjecepi per meum aliud breve, et sicut recognitum fuit per probos homines eomitatus, quod inde abbas erat saisitus, die qua rex mare novissime transivit; et in pace teneat. Teste cancellario, apud Wendesore. Et hoc sine mora, ne inde clamorem audiam amplius. Teste eodem. [Another like writ by the Queen.] ^ Matilda regina Aussu. dapifero, salutem. Pra9cipio tibi, ut facias juste reddi navem abbatis de Sancto Augustino, et omnes suas res quae captse fuerunt. Et ponantur per plegios omnes illi homines, qui earn cepe- runt ; ut sint ad rectum regi quando eos habere voluerit. Et prsecipio quod omnes suae res sint in pace, sicut fue- runt die qua rex mare transivit, donee ipse in Angliam redeat. Teste episcopo Saresberise, apud Westmonas- terium. " Hist. Hon. St. Aug. 354 (Reo. Com.). 2 n,. D 34 placita anglo-noemannica. [Abbot op St. Andeew v. Haimo et al.]' [The king's writ direcfciag respect for the customs of the chnrch of St. Andrew, aa they existed in the time of Edward the Confessor.] WiLLELMTJS Dei gratia rex Anglorum Haimoni dapifero et omnibus suis teignis in episeopatu RofFensi salutem. Mando et prfflcipio, ut eas consuetudines, quas ecclesia Saneti Andreee Eofensls civitatis habuit in terris vestris, sen in annona, seu in porcis, vel aliis rebus, tempore Edwardi regis, habeat, et vos exolvatis. [Bishop Gundulf v. Pichot, a Sheriff.] - [Bishop Gundulf claims a, piece of land which Pichot, sheriff of Cambridge, had granted to 0., as land of the king. The king having directed the county to meet and try the cause, judgment, through intimidation of Pichot, is given against the bishop. Odo, who acted as justiciar, doubting of the correctness of the decision, requires the court to elect twelve of their number who should confirm the decision, if they believed it true, by oath. These, in turn, intimidated by Pichot, give the confir- matory oath. Afterwards a monk who had been steward of the premises charges perjury upon the court, and the bishop, changing the venue, now brings suit for a false judgnaent, and recovers the laud. Judgment, farther, on ordeal of hot iron, against the twelve who had confirmed the first decision.] Tempore Willelmi regis Anglorum magni, patris Wil- lelmi regis ejusdem gentis, fuit qusedam eontentio inter Gundulfum Hrofensem episcopum et Pichot vicecomitem de Grendebruge pro quadam terra quae erat de Fracenham et jacebat in Giselbam, quam quidam regis serviens Olchete nomine vicecomite dante prsesumpserat occupare. ' 1 Anglia Sacra, 338. ' lb. 339 ; Hickes, Dis. Epist. 33. WILIJAM I. 35 Hanc enim vicecomes regis esse terram dicebat; sed epi Scopus eandem Sancti Andrese potius esse affirmabat. Quare ante regem venerunt. Rex vero prsecepit, ut omnes illius comitatus homines eongregarentur; et eorum judicio cujus terra deberet reetius probaretur. Illi autem congre- gati terrain illam. regis esse potius quam beati Andrea3 timore vicecomitis affirmaverunt. Sed cum illis Baio- censis episcopus, qui placito prseerat, non bene crederet ; prfficepit ut si verum esse quod dicebant scirent, ex seipsis duodeeim eligerent, qui quod omnes dixerant jurejurando confirmarent. Illi autem cum ad consilium secessissentj et inibi a viceeomite per internuntium con- territi fuissentj revertentes verum esse quod dixerant juraverunt. Hi autem fuerunt Edwardus de Cipenham, Heruldus et Leofuuine saea de Exninge, Eadric de Giselham^ Wlfuuine de Landuuude, Ordiner de Berlinge- liam, et alii sex de melioribus comitatus. Quo facto^ terra in manu regis remansit. Eodem vero anno mona- chus quidam Grim nomine^ quasi a Domino missus^ ad episeopum venit. Qui cum audiret hoc quod illi jura- verant; nimium admirans^ et eos detestans^ omnes esse perjures affirmavit. Ipse enim monachus diu prsepositus de Frachenham extiterat, et ex eadem terra servitia et costumas ut de aliis terris de Frachenham susceperat^ et unum ex eisdem qui juraverant in eodem manerio sub se habuerat. Quod postquam episeopus Hrofensis audivit ; ad episeopum Baiocepsem venitj et monachi verba per ordinem narravit. Quae ut episeopus audivitj monachum ad se venire fecit, et ab ipso ilia eadem didicit. Post hsec vero unum ex illis qui juraverant ad se fecit venire; qui statim ad ejus pedes procidens, confessus est se per- jurum esse. Hinc autem cum ilium qui prius juraverat ad se venire fecisset ; requisitus se perjurum esse similiter D 2 36 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. confessus est. Denique mandavit viceeomiti, ut reliquos obviam sibi Londoniam mitteret, et alios duodecim de melioribus ejusdem comitatus, qui quod illi juraverant verum esse confirmaverant. Illuc quoque fecit venire multos ex melioribus totius Angliae baronibus. Quibus omnibus Londoniae eongregatisj judicatum est tarn a Francis quam ab Anglis illos omnes perjures esse; quando- quidem ille, post quem alii juraverantj se perjurum esse fatebatur. Quibus tali judicio condemnatis, episeopus Hrofensis terram suam ut justum erat habuit. Alii autem duodecim cum vellent affirmare iis qui juraverant se non consensisse ; Baiocensis episeopus dixit, ut boc ipsum judicio ferri probareut. Quod quia se facturos promise- runt, et faeere non potueruut; judicantibus aliis sui comitatus hominibus, trecentas libras regi dederunt. [Abbot Scotland's Claim to Pkebends of Newik-gton.] ' [The king's writ confirming judgment rendered in favour of abbot Scotland concerning eight prebends in Ne^vington.] WiLLELMUS, Dei gratia rex Anglorum, Lanfraneo archiepiscopo, Rodberto et Rogero comitibus, et totius Anglia3 optimatibus, salutem. Scitote quod reddo Sancto Augustino et abbati Scotlando et fratribus loci, octo prtebendas in Nywentone, et omnes terras ad illas pertinentes, liberas et quietas, cum omnibus consuetudi- nibus, sicuti testimonium perhibuit comitatus Cantise coram Lanfraneo archiepiscopo, et Eudone meo dapifero, et Willelmo de Archis et Radulpho de Curba Spina ' Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 349 (Eec. Com.). WILLIAM L 37 cseterisque meis optimatibus illius comitatus. Volo ergo et prseeipio, ut a modo firmiter et honorifice jam dictus abbas efc locus eas babeat, teneat, possideat in perpetuum, sicuti antecessores ejus melius tenuerunt. Et ei aliquis sibi aliquam inde fecerit injuriamj vos illi rectum facite. Teste Godefrido episcopo Constantiensi apud Rotomagum. Valete. DOOMSDAY INQUISITIONS. [Customs of Fobeign Merchants.] QuiDAM prsepositus Brumannus nomine tempore regis Edwardi cepit consuetudines de extraneis mercatoribus in terra Saneti Kinitatis et Sancti Augustini. Qui postea tempore regis Willelmi ante archiepiseopum Lanfraneum et episcopum Baiocensem recognovit se injuste accepisse, et sacramento facto juravit quod ipsee secelesise suas consuetudines quietas habuerunt regis Edwardi tempore. Et exinde utreque Eeeclesise in sua terra babuerunt consuetudines suas, judicio baronum regis qui placitum tenuerunt.' [Church and Aqueduct at Southwaek. The King's Writ and Seal.] Ipse episcopus [Odo] habet in Sudwercbe unum monasterium et unum aque fluctum. Rex Edwardus tenebafc die qua mortiius fait. Qui secclesiam babebat, ' 1 Doomsday, 2. Doomsday was completed in 1086. 38 PLACITA ANGtLO-NORMANNICA. de rege tenebat. De exitu aquse ubi naves applicabant, rex habebat II. partes^ Godwinus comes teveiam. Testantur vero homines de hundredo Franci et Anglij quod episcopus Baiocensis [Odo] cum Rannulfo vicecomite de his placitum inierit, sed ille intelHgens placitum non duci per rectitu- dinem ad proflcuum regis, placitum deferuit. Episcopus autem dedit secclesiam et fluctum primum Adeloldo, deinde Radulfo pro excambio unius domus. Vicecomes quoque negat se preceptum vel sigillum regis de hae re unquam percepisse. Homines de Suduuerca testantur quod tempore regis Edwardi nullus capiebat theloneum in strande vel in vico aquse, nisi rex. Et siquis foris- faciens ibi ealumpniatur f'uisset, regi emendabat. Si vero non calumpniatus abisset sub eo qui sacam et socam habuisset, ille emendationem habet.' [Lands oi? Hugh de Port. Proof by Oath or, Ordeal offered.] Istam terram calumniatur Willelmus de Chernet, dicens pertinere ad manerium de Ceredeford feudum Hugonis de Port, per hereditatem sui antecessoris, et de hoc suum testimonium adduxit de melioribus et antiquis hominibus totius comitatus et hundredi, et Picot contra- duxit suum testimonium de villanis et vili plebe et de prtepositis, qui volunt defendere per sacramentum aut per Dei judicium, quod ille qui tenuit terram liber homo fuit et potuit ire cum terra sua quo voluit. Sed testes Willelmi nolunt accipere legem nisi regis Edwardi usque dum diffiniatur per regem.'' ' 1 Doomsday, 32. ' lb. 44 b, william i. 89 [The Manor of Speesold. The King's Writ AND Seal.] De hoc manerio [Spersold] scira attestatur quod Edricus qui eum tenebat deliberavit ilium filio suo qui erat in Abendone monachuSj ut ad firmam illud teneret^ et sibi donee viveret necessaria vitse inde donaret^ post mortem vero ejus manerium haberet. Et ideo nesciunt homines de scira quid abbatise pertineat. Neque enim inde viderunt brevem regis et sigillum. Abbas vero testatur quod in tempore regis Edwardi misit ille manerium ad Eecclesiam unde erat, et inde habet brevem et sigillum regis Edwardi attestantibus omnibus mo» nachis suis.' [Berkley given by a Nuncupative Will.] Hoc manerium [Berchelai] isdem Wluuinus tempore regis Edwardi de episcopo Cestrensi ad fetatem trium hominum. Qui cum infirmatus ad finem vitse venisset, vocato filio suo episcopo Li. et uxore sua et pluribus amicis suis, dixit. Audite vos amici mei. Hanc terram quam ab secclesia emi, volo ut teneat uxor mea dum vixerit, et post mortem ejus, recipiat secclesia de qua accepi, et qui inde abstulerit, excommunicatus sit. Hoc ita fuisse testificantur meliores homines totius comitatus.^ J 1 Doomsday, 59. ' lb. 177. 40 placita anglo-noemannica. [Land claimed by the Chxjech at Ely.J Goseelinus Loremarius habet terrain unius et nou reddit consuetudinem, scilicet I. hidam quam calumpni- antur monaclii Sanctae Adeldrede, de Eli, et hundret testatur eis de dimidia parte et de alia parte nichil sciunt.' [Land op Earl Ralph. Proof by Ordeal offered.] In Brecles, quarta pars unius acrse, et quedam consuetude in pastura hoc jacuit in Saham in tempore regis Edwardi et modo similiterj sed Godricus earn revocat ad se [fe]udum comitis Radulfi in Stou, dicens quod ipse earn tenuerit duobus annis antequam forisfaceret, et duobus annis postea, ex hoc oiFert quidam famulus regis de Stou portare juditium.' [Lands of Earl Ralph. Proof by Ordeal offered.] In Britringa VII. aerse silvse et I. acra terrse, in qua sunt IIII. bordarii. Hoc revocat Godric ad feudum Radulfi comitisj et quedam femina que hoc tenuit tempore regis Edwardi vult ferre judicium quod dissolutus est a vadimonio. Hoc tenet Siuuardus in vadimonio.^ 1 2 Doomsday, 2. ' lb. 110 b. ^ n,. 137. william i. 41 [Lands of Earl Alan. Peoof by Ordeal or Battle OFFERED.] In Matelesc ubi comes Alanus tenet calumpniatur I. homo regis XVI. acras terrsB offerendo juditium vel bellum contra liundredum, quod testatur eos comitij sed quidam homo comitis vult probare quod hundredum verum testatur, vel juditio vel bello.' [Lands of Earl Ealph. Proof by Ordeal offered.] Hane [seeclesiam vel terram] calumpniatur Godric ad feudum Radulfi quod jacuit in Stohu, et inde vult unus homo Godric portare juditium.^ [Church and Land in Greston. Proof by Ordeal OFFERED.] In Grestuna, I. secclesia, et X. acrss terrse hoc calump- niatur Godric jacere tempore Radulfi comitis in StoUj et homines de hundredo earn testantur ad feudum Willelmi de Warena et quidam regis homo vult ferre judicium quod jacuit in Stou, quando forisfecit se Radulfus et uno anno prius, et uno anno postea.' [Lands op William of Warren. Livery of Seisin.] Hundret de Droscros. Helgatuna tenet Willelmus 1 2 Doomsday, 146 h. ^ lb. 162. » ib. i66. 42 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. de Warena^ de feudo Frederici, I. liber homo, ideo quod antecessor ejus ita tenuity quod non posset recedere a terra nisi licencia illius, et hundret hoc testatur, et' quidam homo^ Drogonis, de Bevraria Franco nomine calumpniatur illam ad feudum domini sui, de done regis, de liberatione, dicens quod antecessor ejus tenuerit^ Heinfridus, scilicet tempore Frederici et post eum tenuit Drogo et hundret testatur hoc quod ipsi tenuerunt sed hundret non videt in brevem nee liberatorem.^ [Lands of William of Waueen. Proof by Okdeal OFFERED.] Hundret Gilhou. In Norbursam quod tenet Willelmus de Warena, tenet'' Heraldus II. liberos homines de I. carucata terrse pertinentes ad Saganaham et modo tenet Willelmus set homines sui nesciunt quomodo, et hundret testatur eos^ Willelmo quod ex eis est saisitus. Sed homo regis ofFert judicium quod pertinebant tempore regis Edwardi ad Saganaham. Manu regis.^ [Lands of Eael Ralph. Proof by Ordeal or Battle OFFERED.] Hanc terram [in Biskele] calumpniatur Godricus dapifer^ per homiuem suum juditio vel bello, Radulfus scilicet, quod tenuit ad feudum comitis R. et hundret ' 2 Doomaday, 172. * tenuit ? ' 2 Doomsday, 172 b. WILLIAM I. 43 testatur ad feudum Rogeri Bigot. Sed Godricus reclamat istam cum medietate quse est in breve regis. Hanc recepit Godricus pro dimidia carucata terrse.' [Lands of Earl Alan. Peoof by Oudeal offered.] Dimidium unum ex his [in Stratuna] ealumpiiiatur qnidem'' homo eomitis Alani^ et dicens quod R. eum tenuit priusquam forisfaceret. Ex hoc offert judicium.^ [Land in Photestorp. Proof by Battle or Ordeal OFFERED.] Hanc terram [in Photestorp] calumpniatur esse liberam Ulchetel homo Hermerij quoque modo judicetur, vel bello vel juditio^ et alius est prsesto probare eo modo quod jacuit ad ecclesiam die qua rex Edwardus obiit. Sed totus hundret testatur earn fuissse' tempore regis Edwardi ad Sanetam Adeloldam.* [Status of a certain Freeman. Proof by Ordeal OFFERED.] In Evelineham tenet Stanuinus liber homo commen- datus Heroldo tempore regis Edwardi sicut hundret testatur J set ipse solus ofFert juditium, dicens se fuisse hominem Edrici antecessoris Rogeri Malet.^ 1 2 Doomsday, 176. ^ quidam. » 2 Doomsday, 193. « fuisse. 5 2 Doomsday, 213. « lb. 332. 44 placita anglo-normannica. [Status of certain Freemen. Proof "osini lege."] In eadem [terra] XVII. liberi homines sunt additi huic manerio [Staham] tempore regis Willelmi, de quibus nichil habuit antecessor Rogeri Bigot. Istos liberos homines calumpniatur Rogerus de Ramis tenuisse ad suum feudum antequam Rogerus Bigot terram recepisset in Sudfolc, sed hundret testatur quod Rogerus Bigot eos recepisset prius ad suum feudum, et hoc contradicit Rogerus de Ramis omni lege.' [Land IN Hamingeston. Proof " omnibus legibus."] Totam terram Wicolfi [V. acrse in Hamingestuna], et hos omnes liberos homines quod tenet Warengus de Rogero Bigot, calumpniatur Rogerus de Raimis, et dicit quod sibi liberatum fuit priusquam Rogero Bigot, et hundret nescit ex hoc verum dicere, quia ille Garengerus de utroque tenebat, sed tamen ille Warengerus revocat ad feudum Rogeri Bigot, et Rogerus de Ramis hoc contradicit omnibus legibus.^ [Forfeited Lands.] Ex hoe presbytero [Suarino] erat saisitus Galterus Dedol quando forisfecit suam terram, et comes Hugo postea sicut hundret testatur. Et Normannus dicit quod rex misit ei unum brevem ut saisiret Radulfum de ' 2 Doomsday, 337 b. - lb. 338. WILLIAM I. 45 Savigni ex omnibus liberis hominibus ex quibus Hubertus de Portu saisierat episcopum et ideo Normannus saisivit Radulfum ex hoc presbytero set tamen nescit si Ubertus prius saisierat episcopum de illo^ et hoc invenerunt barones regis in pace inter Rogerum Bigot et Hugonem comitem quando venerunt in comitatum et ita erit in pace donee sit derationatus.' [Laijd held by a certain Fueeman.] In Wimundestuua, VI. liberi homines, de sexto qui voeatur Brieterus, nescit hundret si potuit terram suam vendere vel non tem]iore regis Edwardi, sed testatur quod viderunt eum jurare quod non poterant dare vendere terram suam ab antecessore Rieardi.'' [Land in Geoton.J Hanc [terram in Grotena] invasit Rogerus de Orbec et tenet sub Ricardo iilio Gisleberto, et homines Ricardi revocant ad feudum Wisgari anteeessoris sui. Sed sicut hundret testatur nunquam pertinuitj nee commendatio nee soca.^ [Lands claimed by the Bishop of Bayeux against THE Mother op Robert Malet.J De calumpniis inter episcopum Baiocensem et matrem 1 2 Doomsday, 377. ' lb. 397 b. a lb. 447 b. 46 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. Robertas Malet. Hertesmera hundret. In Acoltj XX. acras tenet Brietere liber homo Stigandi, semper I. bor- darius et valet XL. d. Hanc terram dedit Stigandus matri Robert! Malet, et ipsa earn postea tenuit de regina, modo episeopo. In eadem Chericus liber homo dimidium subeommendatus antecessori Roberti Malet, et dimidium commendatus Saxo antecessori RadulfiPiperelli, XX. acras etil. bordarios et I. earucatam et valet XL. d. Biscopes hundret. In Badingefelda tenent Brietere et Chericus supradicti XL. acras supradicto modo. Tunc I. carucata, modo dimidium. Silva, XL. porcis et I. liber homo commendatus Brictredo, V. acrae totum valet XL. solidi. Hertesmera hundret. In Aspala, IIII. liberi homines de Rulfo commendati abbati de Eli, et Tursta- nus commendatus Saxa,^ et Marculfus commendatus Edrici antecessori Roberti Malet, et Grunulfus subeom- mendatus antecessori Roberti Malet, LXXXVI. acrse et VII. bordarii. Semper III. earucatse II. acrse prati. Semper valuit XL. solidi. Ex hac terra fuit Willelmus Malet saisitus, sic hundret testatur antequam episcopus Baioeensis ; et postea venit Hubertus de Portu, et dera- cionavit liberam terram et saisivit episeopum ex hac terra quod liberi homines eam tenebant, et die qua Radulfus comes forisfecit mater Roberti inde saisita erat teste hundret, et usque ad placitum de Hodiham, modo est in pace regis, sicut rex proecepit iterum episeopum et matrem Roberti.' • Saxo ? - 2 Doomsday, 450. WILLIAM I. 47 CLAMORES DE EURUICSCIRE.' [Eael Hugh v. William de Percy.] In Nort Reding. In Langeberge wapentac calump- niatur Hugo comes super Willelmum de Perci I. caru- catatn terree^ in Figelingse, dieens earn pertinere ad Witebi. Sed testimonium non habet. [Ralph Pagenel v. Church op St. Peter op Yoek.J In Manesbou wapentac calumpniatur Radulfus Pagene- lus VI. bovatas terre in Stainegrif, de terra Ulf, sed bomines qui juraverunt dicuntj esse Sancti Petri Ebora- censis. [Lands op William Malet.J ^sreding. Terram Norman filii Ulf in Brentingbam quam babet Nigel Fossard^ dicunt bomines qui jurave- runt quod Willelmus Malet babuit in dominio. Similiter dicunt de terra Ulf diaconi, quam babuit in Cave. Nigel babet earn, sed Willelmus Malet babuit. [Land claimed by Ralph Mortimer.] Tres bovatas terre at dimidiam quas clamat Radulfus de Mortemer in Lont^ testimonium bominum qui jura- verunt fuere Aluuini antecessoris Gisleberti Tison^ non Eddivje cujus terram babet Radulfus de Mortemer. 1 1 Doomsday, 373, 374. 48 placita anglo-noiimannica. [Land of Asa.J [Sole and separate estate of a married woman.] De omni terra Asae testaiitur quod E,oberti Malet debeat esse^ eo quod ipsa Labuit terram suam separatam et^liberam a dominatu et potestate Bernulfi mariti sui^ etiam cum simul essent ita ut ipse de ea nee donationem nee venditionem facere, nee forisfacere posset. Post eorum vero separationem, ipsa cum omni terra sua reees- sit, et eam ut domina possedit. Homines autem de comi- tatu tam de ilia quam de tota terra ejus Willelmum Malet saisitum viderunt, donee invasura est castellum. Hoc attestantur de omni terra Asse quam habuit in Euruicscire. [Gilbert Tison v. Bishop of Duuham.J Socam quam clamat Gislebertus Tison in Birlandj dieunt esse debere episcopi Dunelmensis in Houedon. [Bishop of Durham v. Robert Malet.] Quattuordecim bovatas terraa quas clamat episcopus Dunelmensis super Robertum Malet in Bellebi, dicuut fuisse Mule et Egbrand et Basin et Orm, cum saca et soca^ et banc terram habuit Wilelmus Malet. william i. 49 [Lands of William Malet.J De VII. carucatis terrse in Nort Dufelt quas habet Nigel, dieunt fuisse saisitum Willelmum Malet, et habuisse terrain et servitium donee fractum est cas- tellum. [The King v. Nigbl.J Duas carucatas quas habet Nigel in Sud Dufelt, dieunt pertinere regis dominio in Pocliuton. Reliquas vero VI. carucatas ibidem habuit Willelmus Malet quamdiu tenuit castellum de Euruic, et homines ser- vitium reddebant ei. [Lands of William Malet.] Tres carucatse terre in Cliue, et tres carucatEe in Ansgotebi, Nigel eas tenet, sed dieunt qui juraverunt quia Willelmus Malet habuit banc terram in dominio, quamdiu in Euruicscire terram tenuit [esse Willelmi] . [Lands of William Malet.J Totam terram Norman filii Malcolumbe quam habuit in Estreding, testatur omnis comitatus Willelmum Malet tenuisse in suo dominio, quamdiu in Euruicscire terram tenuit. 50 placita anglo-noemannica. [Bishop of Dukham ■;;. Canons op Bedbeli.J Soeam quam elamat episeopus Dunelmensis de V. carucatis terre et II. bovatis, dicunt vere jacuisse in Welletone, sed eanonici de Beureli clamant de ea donum regis Willelmi et confirmationem. Similiter de soca nnius carucatae terrse in Neutone^ quam elamat epis- eopus Dunelmensis ad Welletonej dicunt quia tempore regis Edwardi sic fuerit, sed clerici eodem mode clamant de rege. [Lands op William Malet.J Totam villam Scornesbi (est VI. earucatse terre) tes- tantur fuisse Willelmi Malet^ et in dominio earn posse- disse. Similiterj XIIII. bovatas terrae in Lanulfestorp, et in Domniton terram Norman et Alden, testantur Willelmi Malet fuisse et eas in dominio tenuisse. [William de Percy v. Nigel.] De terra Sonulfi in Grimeston quam Nigel tenet et Willelmus de Perci elamat, nesciunt quis eorum habere debeat. [Archbishop of York v. Gilbert Tison.] Sex bovatas terrte in Rudetorp quas elamat archiepis- copus testantur Gisleberti Tison esse debere. WILLIAM I. 51 [RoBEUT Malet V. William de Percy.] Sex carucatas terre Ulchil in Aluuintone, quas habet Willelmus de Perci, testantur ad opus Robert! Maletj quia pater suus habuit, sicut superiores terras. [Lands op William Malet.J Terram IIII. carucatas in Coldrid quam tenet Willel- mus de Perci de qua pertinet soca in Cliftune, testantur qui juraverunt non solum illas IIII. carucatas, sed etiam totam villam Coldrid Willelmum Malet in dominio tenu- isse et de ea saisitum fuisse. [Richard de Suedeval v. The King.J In Logetorp clamat Ricardus de Surdeual terram Norman et Asse, sed dicunt qui juraverunt regis esse debere. [The King v. Odo.J In Scarpinberg et Scardiztorp habet Odo balistarius terram Orm et Bunde, sed horum qui juraverunt testimo- nium regis debet esse. E 2 52 placita anglo-noemannica. [Lands in Risby.J In Risbi habuit Gamel IIII. carucatas terre quas vendidit j^Ildredo archiepiscopOj tempore regis Willelmi. De hac terra jacuit olim soca in Welleton, sed Thomas archiepiscopus habuit brevem regis Willelmi, per quem concessit ipsam socam quietam Sancto Jolianni de Beureli. Similiter de IIII. carucatis terre in Walchinton per- tinebat soca ad Welleton, sed rex Willelmus donavit earn quietam Eldredo arcbiepiscopo, testante wapentae qui brevem regis inde vidit et audivit. [Land at Tornoitee.J In Wesreding. Homines de Barcbeston wapentae et de Siracbes wapentae perhibent Osberno de Arcis testi- monium, quod' Gulbertus antecessor ejus habuit omnem Tornoure, neseiunt cujus dono. Id est IIII. maneria VIII. carucatse terrae. Sed omnis Tornoure sedet infra metam castelli Huberti, secundum primam mensuram et secundumTJtovissimam mensuram sedet extra. [Roger de Busli v. William de Waeenna.J Homines de Strafordes wapentae testificantur ad opus Willelmi de Warenna, II. carucatas de terra Siuuardi in Cliftune, quam elamabat Rogerus de Busli. william i. 53 [Lands of Nigel Fossard.J Dieunt quod Nigellus Fossard debet habere in San- dale Vn. bovatas terre de terra Aluuini, unde soca per- tinet ad Coningsburg, et in eadem villa I. secclesiam, de qua jacet soca in Coningesburg. [Lands of Norman.] Duo marescalli saisierunt terram Normanni, et tenu- erunt. Nesciunt homines de wapentac quonam mode nee ad cujus opus. Sed viderunt eos tenentes. [Ernwin v. Osbern de Arcis.] In Scachertorp et in duabus Popletunis, VI. carucatse terrse et dimidia de terra Ernuin Cat«nase, quam tenet Osbernus de Arcis, testantur ad opus Malet, et dieunt quod Ernuin presbyter debet habere de Roberto Malet. Ita testificantur, quod Willelmum Malet vide- runt saisitum et tenentertij et homines de terra servi- tium sibi fecerunt, et homines ejus fuerunt, sed nesciunt quomodo habuit. [Lands of William Malet.] Willelmus de Perci advocat pares suos in testimonium^ quod vivente Willelmo Malet et vicecomitatum tenente in Euruic, fuit ipse saisitus de Bodetone et eam tenuit. 54 PLACITA ANGLO-NOIlMANN[CA. [Deogo V. Chuech of St. John of Yoek.J Omnem terrain quam calumpniabatur Drogo super Sanctum Johannem testificata est ad opus ipsius Sancti Johannis per homines de treding et per donum regis Willelmi quod dedit Sancto Johanni tempore ^Idredi archiepiscopi. De hoc habent canonici sigillum regis Edwardi et regis Willelmi. [Lands of William Malet.J Homines de Heldernesse qui juraverunt testificati sunt ad opus Willelmi Malet terras has infra notatas^ ita quod viderunt eas saisire in manu ejusdem Willelmi, et viderunt eum habentem et tenentem, usque Dani ee- perunt illum^ sed de hoc breve regis vel sigillum non viderunt. [Then follows a designation of lands in eighteen manors.] CLAMORES QXSm FUERUNT IN SUDTREDING WNCOIAJE, ET CONCORDIA EORUM PER HOMINES QUI JURAVERUNT.' [Men of Bishop Odo v. Robeet, the Dispensee.J In Tadeuuelle hundred clamant homines episcopi Baio- censis I. carucatam terre super Robertum dispensatorem, 1 1 Doomsday, 3V5 — 377 h. WILLIAM I. 55 et homines de wapentac dicunt quod ipse episcopus jure debet habere. In eodem hundred clamant homines ejus- dem episcopi super Hugonem comitem III. bovatas terrsBj et wapentac dicit quod ipse episcopus debet habere. In eodem hundred molendinum quod fuit Agemund^ et post eum habuerunt LanbertuS' et Gozelinus filius ejus, dicit wapentac quod Robertus dispensator debet habere cum terra sua. In Lude hundred clamat episcopus Lincolicj I. molendinum super Alanum comitem, et wapentac testatur ejusdem episcopi esse debere. [LoswARD V. Gilbert de Gand.] In Richesbi hundred clamat Losuardus super Gisle- bertum de Gand in Welle, I. carucatam terre. Homines de trading dicunt quod tempore regis Edwardi habuit Turolf cum saca et soca, et post eum habuit Tonna, et ista terra fuit deliberata episcopo Odoni per cartam, sed non viderunt inde brevem regis, et ipse habebat ea die qua fuit captus, et postea dissaisitus. [Rayner de Brimon V,: Earl Hdgh.J In eodem hundred clamat Raynerus de Brimou super Hugonem comitem in Ulesbi, II. bovatas terrse, et homines de treding dicunt quod non debet habere nisi socam in Combreuorde, et comes terram. 66 placita anglo-noemannica. [Bishop of Durham v. Gilbert de Gaud.] In Wilgebi hundred clamat episcopus Dunelmensis super Gislebertum de Gand terrain Alnot presbyteri^ et dicunt homines de treding quod nunquam viderunt ante- eessorem episcopi fuisse saisitum neque per brevem neque per legatunij et testantur ad opus Gisleberti. [Bishop of Durham and Etjdo.] De calumpnia inter episeopum Dunelmensem et Eudonem filium Spireuuic, portaveriint testimonium homines de Hornecastre wapentac annuente toto treding, quod III. fratres Herold et Godeuert et Aluric di- viserunt dominicam terram patris sui sequaliter et pariliter, et solummodo Herold et Godeuert diviserunt socam patris sui sine tercio fratre, et equaliter et pariliter tenuerunt eam tempore regis Edwardi. [Same Parties.] De soca VI. bovatarum unde est calumpnia inter epis- eopum et Eudonem in Langetone et in torp, dicunt homines de Waragehou wapentac quod prsedicti duo fratres equaliter et pariliter habuerunt socam tempore regis Edwardi sed eo anno quo isdem rex mortuus est filii Godeuert habebant socam totam, sed nesciunt qua ratione eam habebanti, utrum vi, vel dono patrui sui. WILLIAM I. 57 [RoBBETj THE DlSPENSEE^ V. GrILBERT DE GaNT.] De calumpnia quam Robertas dispensator facit super Gislebertum de G-aat de silva qusB est in Langetonej dicit Waragehou wapentac quod Tonna habebat tempore regis Edwardi cum saca et soca in Badeburg, et idee jure babet Gislebertus de Gand, annuente toto treding. [RoBBETj THE DlSPENSEK^ V. ThE KiNG.J De silva minuta quam clamat Robertus dispensator super regem in Gaintone, et super Ernegis de Burun in Waragebij nihil ibi habet testimonium wapentac. Sed super XII. acras comitis Hugonis, et super VIII. acras episcopi Baiocensis, babet socam per testimonium homi- num wapentac et treding. [Akchbishop Thomas v. Ivo Tailbois.J De calumpnia quam archiepiscopus Thomas faciebat, hoe est quod debebat habere socam super terram Siuuard antecessoris Ivonis TallebosCj dicit wapentac et treding quod Siuuard tam bene tenuit terram suam cum saca et soca^ sicut Goduinus antecessor archiepiscopi, et ideo non recte clamat. [Aechbishop Thomas v. Bishop Odo.J Archiepiscopus Thomas debet habere socam super 58 PLiCITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. terrain Aschil quam habet episcopus Baiocensis in Ulingelianij quia sicut testatur totus comitatus, ante- cessor archiepiscopi babuit sacam et soeam super eandem terrarcij et bomines episcopi injuste auferunt eidem arcbiepiscopo eandem soeam. [Lands of Aechbishop Thomas.J Tempore regis Edwardi fuit saisitus Almaer antecessor arcbiepiscopi Tbomae desoca X. bovatarum in Ulingebam. Haec terra fuit Code^ et mode est Rayneri de Brimou, et pro III. libris fuit invadiata, tempore regis Edwardi et modo affirmant bomines de treding, quod arebiepiscopus jure debet babere bane soeam, quousque ei reddantur III. libri. [HOBEET, THE DlSPENSEU, V. GrlLBEUT DE GaNT.J De II. caracatis terrte quas calumpniat Bobertus dis- pensator super Gislebertum de Grant in Screnbi per Wiglac anteeessorem suum, dicit wapentac non eum babuisse nisi I. carucatam, et soca de ipsa erat in Bardenai. "Wiglac autem forisfecit earn terram contra dominum suum Gislebertum et ideo Bobertus nil babet ibi testi- monio treding. CLAMORES IN NOBTREDING. [Ivo Tailbois v. The King.] In Limberge clamat Ivo Tallebosc super regem VI. bovatas terre. Dicunt bomines comitatus quod ipse debet habere termm, et rex soeam. WILLIAM 1. 59 [TOLL.J Homines Radulfi de Mortemer et homines Losoardi accipiunt novum theloneum in Grimesbi, quod non fuit tempore regis Edwardi sed Losoardus negat suos homines feeisse per eum. CLAMORES IN CHETSTEVEN. [Robert de Todeni v. Judith.] In Pamptune tenet Judita comitissa II. maneria qu88 fuerunt ^Imeri et fratrum ejus. Eobertus de Todeni calumpniatur, et wapentac portat ei testimonium quod deliberata sunt ei in escangio pro Morestune. [GlLBlSKT DE GaND V. RoBEET DE VeCI.J In Catorp hundred clamat Gislebertus de Gand super Robertum de Veci pratum quod fuit Eih-ic ante- cessoris sui^ sed wapentac dicit quod isdem jElric totum pratum habuit, nee antecessor Gisleberti inde aliquid habuit, nisi per locationem mercedis. [Claims of Deogo de Beureke.] Clamores quos Drogo de Beurere facit super terras Morcarij dimittunt in judicio regis. [Claim of Waltee de Aincuet.J Walterus de Aincurt clamat servitium hominum Widonis de Rembudcurt in manerio Sidestan, sed non habet rectum clamorem. 60 PIACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. [Deogo V. WlDO.j la Wellebi hundred elamat Drogo IIII. carueatas terre super Widon de Credun, sed wapentac portat Widoni testimonium quod jure ejus sunt. [Eael Alan v. Wido.J Wido de Credone tenet in Draitone IIII. bovatas terrse et in Bichere hundred X, bovatas, de terra Adestan Godramsune. Hoc ealumpniatur comes Alanus, et Alger homo ejus dedit vadimonium baronibus regis, ad con- firmandum per judicium aut per bellum, quod ipse Adestan de his XIIII. bovatis saisitus non fuit, tempore regis Edwardi. E contra homo Widonis Alestan de Frantone dedit suum vadimonium ad convincendum quod inde saisitus erat cum saca et soea, et Wido inde fuit saisitus ex tempore Radulfi stake usque nunc, et modo tenet. [Same Parties.] Guerd homo Alani comes dedit vadimonium ad affir- mandum quod antecessor Alani comitis habuit VI. bovatas terree cum saca et soca in Gosebert cherche, et ideo Wido de Credun non recte eas elamat. WILLI A JI I. 61 [Abbot ov Tavistock. Manob op Olweiton.J De mansione quae vocatur Olwritona erat saisitus abbas Tauestoehensis ea die qua rex Willelmus misit barones suos ad inquirendas terras AnglisSj et antecessor suus ante eum fuerat inde saisitus, et per barones regis inde desaisitus fuit, propter quod hoc testati sunt Angli quod ad abbatiam non pertinuit ea die qua rex Edwardus vivus et mortuus fuit.' See The King v. Abbot of Tavistock, post, p. 69. [Land in Fotestorp. Peoof by Battle or Ordeal OFFERED.] Hanc terram [in Fotestorp] calumpniatur esse libe- ram Ulehetel homo Hemeri, quoeumque modo judicetur vel bello vel juditio. Et alius homo prsesto est probare vel bello vel juditio quod jacebat ad secclesiam Sanctse ^deldredsB die qua rex ^duuardus obiit, et utque dedit vadimonium suum. Et totum hundred testatur quod jaeuit ad ecclesiam Sanctse ^deldredse tempore regis Edwardi.^ ' Exon Doomsday (4 Doomsd.), 165 (Original returns of Dooms- day). * Inquisitio Com. Cantab. 131, Hamilton (Original returns of Doomsday). WILLIAM IL [The Abbot of Abingdon and a Miller v. Anskill. 1088—1089.]' [The defendant adjudged by the abbot's court to pay damages for the unlawful destruction of an aqueduct by his (defendant's) men.] Hujus regis regni anno secundo, quando civitas Roue- cestra ab eodem obsidebatur, contratenente ipsam Odone, Baiocensi episcopo, ejusdem regis patruo, ductum aquje^ quern vulgo Lacche appellant, apud Boteleam, viri de Seueeurda illicito ausu fregerunt. Quibus tunc temporis Anskillus dominabatur, sed eadem in quKstionem res postea in abbatis praesentia posita, non debere fracturam illam 60 quo facta est modo fieri ratiocinatione sancitur publica. Unde ille Anskillus apud abbatem hoc com- missum X. pependit solidis. Egit tamen ut tunc indi- ceretur molendinario loci illius quatenus sibi singulis ab eo redderetur annis duarum summa orarum. The defendant was at this time a tenant of Abingdon by knight service. 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 4 (Rec. Com.). [Citizens of London and Abbot Wydo. 1090.]'' [Abbot Wydo obtains judgment against the citizens of London, esta- blishing the right of the ohuroh of St. Augustine to the adjacent waters.] Anno Domini MLXXXX. fuit magna diseeptatio inter 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 17 (Rec. Com.). » 2 Twysden's Soriptores, 1793 (Thome's Chron.). ■UlLLIAM II. 63 cives Londonienses et abbatem et homines ejus de Stonore. Cives Londonienses vendicaverunt domi- nium villse de Stonore fcanquam de maris portu civitati Londoniensi subjecto. Set rege Willelmo RufFo favente parti abbatis, dirationatum est in eadem villa per jus- ticiarios, quod nuUus de csetero aliquid elamet ibidem, set Wydo abbas et suus conventus libere et quiete terram illam et totum litus usque ad medietatem aquse habeant sine ealumpnia aliqua, et quod abbas Sancti Augustini libere possideat omnes rectitudines et consuetudines ad prffidictam villam pertinentes. Et super isto processu sunt cartse duplices prsedicti regis. Recordum sive diratioeinium prsedictum confirmant videlicet Henrieus rex primus, Stepbanus, Johannes et Henrieus tereius reges Anglise temporibus suis illud idem cartis suis con- firmaverunt. [The following are the two charters of Wm. II. referred to.] Willelmus,' Dei gratia rex Auglorum, arehiepiscopis, abbatibus, comitibus, vicecomitibus, et omnibus fidelibus totius Anglise, salutem. Sciatis quia volo et prsecipio super amieitiam meam, ut nullus a modo aliquid reclamet in Estanores, sed Wydo abbas de Sancto Augustino et fratres loci ejusdem libere et quiete terram illam et totum littus usque in medietatem aquse habeant, sine ealumnia ; quia ita dirationatum est inter homines meos de Londonia et homines abbatis in tempore meo, coram justicia mea apud Estanores. Testibus Willelmo epis- copo de Ampelino, et Rogero JBigot, apud Wyndesore. Willelmus* rex Anglorum H. dapifero, et omnibus baronibus de Kent, Francis et Anglis, salutem. Sciatis I Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 35S (Reo. Com.). 2 lb. 356. 64 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. quod ego volo et prsecipiOj ut Sanctus Augustinus et abbas Wydo a mode firmiter et bonorifice teneat omnes rectitudines suas et eonsnetudines ad Eastonores, tarn in aqua quam in terra. Et nolo ut amplius aliquis ei inde aliquam injuriam faciat. Teste Willelmo episeopo Dunelmensi, apud Windeshore. [Abbot of Abingdon v. The King's Fokestees. About 1092.]' [The abbot of Abingdon obtains a writ from the king, commanding the king's foresters not to molest the abbot in his lands, wood, and pasture.] Pu^DiCT^ffi; autem villee Uuinkefeld regis forestarii pluri- mum infesti fiebant. Quod cum ipsi regi abbatis ex parte deferretur, illorum molestiam bujusmodi coercuit mandato^ Uualtero eidem taliter scribens : — WuillelmuSj rex Anglorum, Waltero Oteri filio, salutem. Mando tibi et praecipioj ut abbati Abbendonse permittas habere suam terram et suam silvam omnino liberam, prseter silvestrem silvam^ et pascua suorum hominum habeat in prjedicta silva; et vide ne amplius de hac silva vel terra injuriam abbati 'facias. [Between Alfnoth and Ala^ Peiests. Ecclesi- astical. 1092.] = [Trial at a synod of three counties concerning disputes between the ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 29 (Reo. Com.). ' 1 Anglia Sacra, 542. WILLIAM II. 65 priests of two churclies, resulting in favour of neither j monks of the mother church having intervened successfully against both sides.] Ego Wlstanus gratia Dei Wigornensis episcopus decrevi synodum congregare in monasterio Sanctte Marise in criptis, quas ego a fundamentis sedificavi, et per miseri- cordiam Dei postea dedieavi. Hsec synodus habita est anno Dominicse Incarnationis MXCII. indictione XV. Ad banc synodum invitati convenerunt omnes sapien- tissimse personse de tribus eomitatibus nostrae dioeeseos, Wigracestrise videlicet, Glaucestrise, Warewiecise ; eo quod ego longsevus dierum, imbecillitatem corporis mei sentienSj et finem vitse mese instare intelligens, cupie- bam res ecclesiasticas nostras curse commissas canoniee tractare, et quseque emendanda forent illorum sapienti consUio corrigere et emendare. Nostra itaque humili- tate in bae synodo prsesidente, orta est questio inter duos presbiteros, Alfnotbum scilicet presbiterum Sanctse Elense et Alam presbiterum Sancti Albania de paro- cbiis et eonsuetudinibus ecclesiarum suarum. Horum presbiterorum altercatio sanctam synodum multum detinuit. Hanc litem ego canoniee discindere cupiens, jussi seniores quosqne et quibus notissimse essent anti- quEE institutiones ecclesiarum seu parochiarum Wigra- cestrise, veritatem edicere, tarn de supradictarum, quam de omnium ecclesiarum urbis Wigracestriffi, anti- quissimis institutionibus et parochiis. Et cum inter supradictorum presbiterorum disceptationem auditus est a sancta synodo clamor filiorum eeclesise, monachorum videlicet, quod ipsi dampna paterentur suorum redi- tuum, qnos juste habere debuissent de sua ecclesia, Sanctse Elense scilicet propter tam diuturnam presbi- terorum discordiam jussi, sicut de institutionibus caete- p 66 PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. rarum ecelesiarum, sic etiam de hujus matris ecclesise institutione dieerent. Ad harum rerum scrutinium ex nostro praecipio fueruntj Thomas priory Alfere secretarius, Godricpiel eamerariuSj Uhtred cantor, Agelric archidia- conus, Edwine frater ejus, Frideric, Agelmar presbiter, cum aliis quamplurimis, quos ad hoc elegi. Hi omnes igitur communi habito consilio reversi in sane tarn synodum, affirmaverunt nullam esse parochiam in tota urbe Wigracestria nisi tantum matris ecclesije. [Claim of Abbot op St. Augustine to Customs at Newington. 1094.]' [An inquisition directed concerning the onstoms of the church of St. Angustine.] WiLLELMUS filius regis Willelmi, vicecomiti de Kent, salutem. Fac reeognosci per homines hundredi de Middeltone quas consuetudines abbas Sancti Augustini habere debet in villa de Newingtone, et quas olim ha- buit. Et tales fac ei habere sine mora et nominatim de isto auxilio, sicut olim habuit. Teste episcopo Sales- beriensi, apud Westmonasterium. 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 356 (Rec. Com.). william ii. 67 [Norway Merchants v. Robert de Mowbray. 1095.]' [Fonr sMps of Norway meroliaiits are driven upon the coast of Eng- land, and plundered by the defendant. The king orders restitu- tion to he made, and having made inquiry into the extent of the loss, pays the amount himself, and summons the defendant to court, but without avail.] Quatuor naves magnsej quas Canardos vocant, de Northwegia in Angliam appulsse sunt ; quibus Rodber- tus et MorelluSj nepos ejus, ac satellites eorum occurre- runt,et pacificis mercatoribus quidquid habebant, violenter abstulerunt. Illi autem, amissis rebus suis, ad regem accesseruntj damnique sui querimoniam lacrymabiliter deprompserunt. Qui mox imperiose mandavit Rodberto ut mercatoribus ablata restitueret continuo. Sed omnino contempta est hujusmodi jussio. Magnanimus autem rex quantitatem reriitn quas amiserant, inquisivit, et omnia de suo eis serario restituit. Deinde ad curiam suam Rodbertum aceersiit. Sed ille venire noluit. [Abbot Reynold v. Edwy. About 1096.]^ [The abbot of Abingdon obtains a writ from the king confirming the rights of his church, and directing that justice be done to some of the king's officers, who had inflicted injury upon the monks of Abingdon.] [Speaking of King William's regard for abbot Reynold, the chroni- cler says : — ] Testantur quoque et litterarum monimenta, suse gratiee erga abbatis affectum indicia, quas Petro vicecomiti de 1 3 Ord. Vital. 406 (French Hist. Soc). ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 41 (Rec. Com.). ¥ 2 68 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. Oxenefordj pro quibusdam sub illius manu degentibus et abbati injuriam inferentibus, transmisit, ita jubendo : Wuillelmusj rex Angloriun, Petro de Oxeneford, salu- tem. Sciatis quod volo et prseeipio ut abbas Rainaldus de Abbendona^ et monachi ecclesis suae^ ita bene et honorifice et quiete habeant et teneant omnes consuetu- dines suas ubique in omnibus rebus, sicut melius habue- runt tempore regis Eadwardi, et tempore patris m.ei, et nullus homo iis inde amplius injuriam faeiat. Teste Ranulfo capellano. Et fac abbati prsedicto plenam rectitudinem de Eadwi, praeposito tuo, et de aliis minis- tris tuis, qui monacbis suis injuriam fecerunt. [King Eufas had previously (1087) granted the following charter in faTour of the abbey at Abingdon : — ] Willielmus/ rex Anglisj vicecomitibus suis, in quorum vicecomitatibus abbatia de Abbendonia terras habet, salu- tem. Prsecipio ut tota terra abbatise de Abbendonia ita bene et pleniter habeat sacham suam et soebamet omnes consuetudines suaSj sicut melius habuit et plenius tem- pore regis Eaduuardi et patris mei ; et defendo ne aliquis inde injuriam faeiat. Teste Eudone dapifero, per Radul- fum de Languetotj apud Legam. Et hundredtmi de Hornimere similiter, sicut tunc temporis habuit, testibus prsedictis. > 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 17 (Reo. Com.). WILLIAM II. 69 [Case OF WiLLLiM OF Ou. 1096.]' [The defendant is accused of treason, tried by battle, and vanquished. He is maimed, and hia steward hung.] Hoc anno tenuit rex Willelmus suam curiam ad Christi natales in Windlesoraj atque in octavis Epiphanise fuit rex omnesque ejus optimates in Searbyrig. Ibi aecusa- vit Gosfrei Bainard Willelmum de Ou regis propinquum, asseverans eum faisse partieipem conspirationis contra regem, at duello cum eo decertavit, eumque prselio simplici vicit ; et postea, superato jussit rex oeulos erui, ac deinde testiculos abscindi ; et illius dapiferum Willel- mum. nomine, filium amitse illiuSj jussit rex in crucem toUi. [The Kjng v. Abbot of Tavistock. 1096.] ^ [The king sends bishop Walkelin and his chaplain and two others to enter royal pleas in Devonshire, Cornwall, and Exeter. They bring suit on behalf of the king for a certain manor held by the abbot of Tavistock ; but the defendant proves title by pre- scription. The parties all unite in praying a grant by the king to the defendant, which is made.] AiifNO Dominicse incarnationis millesimo nonagesimo sexto, regni autem inelitse recordationis secundi Guil- lielmi IX. misit idem rex in Quadragesima optimates suos in Devenesiram et Cornubiam et Exoniam, Walca- linum videlicet Wyntoniensem episcopum, Randulphum 1 Madox, Hist. Exoh. 6, note (fol. ed.), Latin version of Ang.-Sax. Chron. for 1096. 2 2 Monasticon, 497 (ed. 1846). 70 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. regalem capellanum, Willielmum Capram, Hardinum Belnoldi filiunij ad investiganda regalia placita. Qiiibus in placitis calumpniati sunt cuidam mansioni abbacise Taviensis, nomine, Wlurintunej dicentes et affirmantes illam mansioneminjuste attinere Tavystochiensi abbacise, set potius illam regali dominio semper recte insistere. Dictis quorum et calumpniis nos abnegantes comproba- vimus, mansionem illam plurimorum auctoritate ante- cessorum nostrorum Tavystochiensi abbatise absque uUa calumpnia perhenni jure pertinere. Qua de causa una cum regalibus supradictis placitatoribus regem Anglorum requisivimus quatinus illam mansionem supradictam pro Dei amore et Sanctse Mariffi, Taviensi abbatiae, absque ulla calumpnia perhenni jure, eoncederet subjacere. Quibus quidem auditis et enarratis ante regem, ipse rex petition! nostrse adquiescens, pro anima patris sui et matris sus, abbatise Dei et Sancts Marise Tavyiensis ecclesiae illam mansionem, videlicet Wlurintune inper- petuo restituens in hsee verba respondit : Ego Guillielmus rex Anglorum Osberno episcopo salutem et Guillielmo filio Baldewyni et Guarino vice- eomiti de Cornubia et omnibus fidelibus meis Francis et Anglis de Devenasira et Cornubia. Sciatis me dedisse Deo et Sanctae Marise et eeclesise de Tavystok pro anima patris mei et matris meae ipsiusque mei manerium de Wlurintuna, et ut bene illud et honorifice in omnibus Guimundus successoresque sui abbates constituti indesi- nenter hactenus possideant. Hoc denique sciaut omnes quod rex per cultellum eburneum quod in manu tenuit et abbati porrexit hoc donum peregit apud curiam, testimonio virorum illorum nomina quorum infrascripta dinoseuntur. Ego Walchalinus Wyntoniensis episcopus dedi testimonium. Ego Johannes Batoniensis episcopus WILLIAM II. 71 consensi, et ego abbas Turstinus Glastoniensis assensum preebui, etc. Qui quidem cultellus jacet in feretro Sancti Kumoni. In cujus manubrio inseritur talis scriptura. ►i< Ego Willielmus rex dedi Deo et Sanctae Marise de Tavistoc terram Wlerintun. See Abbot of Tavistock, ante, p. 61, a previous dispute about the same manor, there called Olwriton, CASES OF THIS REIGN OP LESS CERTAIN DATE. [Monks op St. Bbnet.] ' [The Idiig's writ ordering an assembly of the county of Hants, and an inquisition (P) into the title to land at Isham in the time of his father, at the suit of the monks of St. Benet ; followed by his wi-it of execution in favour of the abbey.] Rex, Willielmo de Cabannis, salutem. Prsecipio tibi^ ut facias eonvenire sciram de Hamtona, et judicio ejus, cognosce, si terra de Isbam reddidit firmam monachis Sancti Benedicti^ tempore patris mei, et si ita inventum fueritj sit in dominio abbatis ; si vero teinlanda tunc fuisse invenietur, qui earn tenet, de abbate teneat, et recognoscat. Quod si noluerit, earn abbas in dominio habeat, et vide ne clamor inde amplius ad me redeat. Teste Willielmo episcopo Dunelmensi. Rex, Willielmo vicecomiti, salutem. Mando et prse- cipio tibi ut abbatem Ailsi facias habere Isham, sicut ipse dirationavit cam in Hamtona, et sicut testimoniata et jurata fuit ad opus Sancti Benedicti. Teste R. Bigot. 1 Brady's Hist. England,£iB£'49; 2 Palgrave, Commonwealth, 179. 72 placita anglo-normannica. [Chuech of St. Benet.]' [The king's writ directing that the chvirch of St. Benet be put in seisin of certain lands, men, and bordars.] W. rex Anglorum H. comiti et Goscelino praeposito salutem. Prsecipio vobis ut saysiatis abbatiam Sancti Benedieti et Ranulpbiim monachum de centum acris terrse et sex acris prati, et de IIII. hominibus^ et de triginta acris in burgo et de tribus bordariis sicut ecelesia Sancti Benedieti inde erat saysita eo die quo pater meus fuit vivus et mortuus. Et sciatis quod ista terra inbreviata fuit in meis brevibus ad opus eeclesiae Sancti Benedieti qui sunt in tbesauro meo Wyntonise. Et boc testantur breves mei de C. acris terrse et VI. acris prati et quatuor bominibus in Wynterton et tri- ginta acris in Burc et III. bordariis. Testibus episcopo Dunelmensi et W. cancellario. [Case of Fifty Men.] ^ [Fifty men, accused of taking stags in the king's forest without per- mission, purge themselves by the ordeal of hot iron.1 QuiNQXJAGiNTA circiter viri quibus adhuc illis diebus, ex antiqua Anglorum ingenuitate^ divitiarum qusedam vesti- gia arridere videbantur, capti sunt, et calumniati, quod cervos regis ceperint,niactaverint,manducaverint. Negant illi; unde statim ad judicium rapti, judicantur, injectam calumniam^ examine igniti ferri, a se propulsare debere. Statuto itaque die^ prsefixi poense judicii pariter subacti sunt remota pietate et misericordia. Erat ergo^ miseriam videre, verum omnipotens Deus cui misericordiam et judi- cium canit Davidicus Psalmus, innocentia eorunij servatis miserieorditer ab exustione manibus omnium^ cunctis ostendit, et malitia bominum eos impie destruere cupien- tium quam injusta luerit, justo judicio declaravit. ' 3 Monastioon, 86 (ed. 1846). ' Hist. NoToi-um, 48. HENM I. [LiBEETiES OF Abingdon. 1100.]' [The king's writ directing respect thereto.] HenricuSj rex AngligBj omnibus vicecomitibus suis in quorum vieecomitatibus et ministeriis abbatia Abben- done terras habet, salutem. Prsecipio ut tota terra abbatisB de Abbendona ita plene et pleniter habeat saeam suam et soeam, et omnes consuetudines suas, in burgo et extra burgum, sicut melius babuit et plenius tempore regis Eadwardi et patris mei ; et latro- nem similiter, sicut tunc temporis habuit ; et defendo ne aliquis ei inde injuriam faciat. Teste Eudone dapifero j apud Westmonasterium in nuptiis meis. Et etiam sicuti frater mens per breve suum prsecepit.^ Teste eodem. [RUACTJLUS DE AbEINCIS V. AbBEY OF AbINGDON. 1101—1102.]' [The king directs an inqmsitiou concerning three virgates of land, 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 89 (Rec. Com.). 2 .See ante, p. 68. ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 84 (Eec. Com.). 74 PLACITA ANGLO- NOEMANNICA. claimed by the plaintiff as belonging to the manor of Stanton, given him by the king.] HenricuSj rex Anglige, Hugoni de Bochelanda et "Willielmo vicecomiti de Oxeneford, salutem. Prsecipite ex mei parte hominibus vestrorum comitatuumj ut ipsi, sicut me diliguntj veritateta omnino dicant de tribus virgatis terrse^ qnas Ruaculus de Abrincis reclamat ; et si pertinent ad manerium quod ego ei dedi de Estantonaj habeat ipse ; sin autem, babeat ipsa abbatia de Abbendouia. Teste Rogero cancellario. Per - . . agan [Pagan ?] Basset ; apud Grentebruge. [Chuech of St. Peteu of Gloucester. 1101.]' [The king's writ exempting from toll and customs. J Heneictjs, rex Anglife, omnibus baronibus et vice- comitibus suis et ministris, Francis et Anglis^ salutem. Preecipio quod tota pecunia Sancti Petri de Gloucestria^ et abbatis et monachorum, sit quieta ab omni tbeloueo et consuetudine ubicunque venerit. Et defendo super decem libras forisfacturse ne aliquis eos disturbet^ nee amplius inde clamorem audiam. Testibus Rogero cancellario et Eudone dapifero apud Niwebam. 1 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 134 (Eec. Com.). HENRY I. 75 [Abbot Faeititjs v. William, the King-'s Chamberlain. 1101.]' [The plaintiff recovers judgment in respect of a knight's fee, in the presence of the wise men, to wit, sheriffs, justiciars, and barons.] Est juxta AbbendoniEe burgum unius militis mansio, quas Leia vocatur; bane Willelmus, regis camerarius, de Lundonia, tenebat, sed nullum inde servitium militis vel homagium domno Faritio abbati, cum abbatiam primo suscepisset, impendere volebat. Efc contigit interea ut rex Henricus contra fratrem suum Robertum, Normannise eomitemj super se in Anglia cum esercitu venientem, totius regni sui expeditionem dirigit. Turn abbas a Willelmo reprsesentationem militis expeetens, nee ab ejus importunitate impetrans, pru- denter id sustinet, et militem ipse qusesitum alteram supponit. Verum rege fratri suo pacis firmatione unito, abbatis testibus coram deductis, quod militem hsee possessio tempore senioris regis Willelmi et abbatis Adelmi invenit, nunc vero eum regnanti regi Henrico et eodem indigent! retentum palam fuerit, tamdiu in prsesentia sapientium banc rem ventilari fecit, ut ille neutrum negaret, immo fateri sic esse vera ratione cogaretur. Unde cum lege patriae decretum proces- sisset ipsum exsortem terrse merito debere fieri, inter- pellatione bonorum, qui intererant, virorum, reddit terram illam illi eo tenore, quod Willelmus efiectus est homo ipsius, et decem libras pro emendatione dedit, et servitium unius militis facere debet in omni loco ubi cseteri homines ecclesise faciunt servitium militum, et nulli unquam debet illam terram vendere, vel vadimonizare, ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 128 (Eec. Com.). 76 PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. vel in feudo dare, sive in feudo firma. . . . Hoc actum est coram his testibus; Nigello de Oili, Hugone de Bochelanda, Willelmo vicecomitCj Radulfo Basset^ et multorum aliorum. [Abbot Paeitius v. Goscelin. 1101.]^ [The plamtiff recovers jadgment in his own court in respect of another knight's fee.] DiSEATiONAViT etiam eo die abbas Faritius contra Godeelinum de B/iveria servitium. unius militis de Bedena. Idem dicebat se non debere facere servitium, nisi duorum militum, pro feudo quem tenebat de ecclesia, et abbas et sui dicebant eum debere servitium trium militum. Tandem vero vadimonizavit et servi- tium et rectum abbati, et firmavit, et omnino concessit se et debere facere et de csetero facturum trium militum servitium. Et hoc actum est in Abbendonensi camera coram abbate Faritio multorum testimonio. [Abbot Faeititjs t. Nigel de Oilio.]^ [The plaintiff recovers judgment in respect of a third knight's fee.] Nigellus de Oilio tenebat unum pratum apud Oxeneford, • 2 Hist. Men. Abingd. 129 (Eec. Com.). 2 a. 132. HENRY I. 77 et unam hidam in Sandford^ efc alteram in Earnecote, de feudo scilicet Abbendonise ; sed nullum homagium vel servitium longo post tempore adventus ipsius Faritii abbatis ad Abbendoniam inde eeclesige fecerat. Qua- propter abbas contra ipsum disratiocinando eget, ut et ecclesisB et sibi pro bis, quae tenebat, homagium faceret, et hoc tenore eadem in posterum reeognosceret, scilicet ut in omni regis geldo ipsa quietet, et abbati sicut suo domino ubique serviat. In vicecomitatibus Bercbescire et Oxenefordscire, quandocumque abbas eum mandaverit, ad auxiliandum sibi et serviendum paratus aderit ; nee excusabitur ab ecclesiffi servitio, nisi regis eum detinuerit executio. Quod si ita consti- terit, pro se de melioribus suis hominibus in abbatis obsequium transmittet. In curia etiam regis si abbati placitum aliquod forte habendum contigerit, ipsius abbatis parti idem aderit, nisi contra regem placitandum forte fuerit. Ad eandem curiam venienti abbati pro- curabit hospitium j et si aptum iUi non invenerit, suum proprium cedet ipsius respectui. [Same Parties.]^ [The plaintiff recovers a parcel of land in Oxford, upon tlie premises in question, before many witnesses.] EoDEM mense quo et ista ventilata est causa, abbas contra eundem Nigellum de Oilli disratiocinavit quan- dam terrse portiunculam infra Oxenefordse civitatem 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 133 (Keo. Com.). 78 PLACITA ANGLO-NO RMANNICA. sitam, in via scilicet qua itur a Sancti Michaelis ecelesia ad Castellum. Quae terra manerio Tademertune ab antique adjacet tempore. Verum hsec prsecedenti tempore in neglectum venerat, adeo ut de hac nullam exhiberet tunc Nigellus ecclesise recognitionem. Itaque ipsius abbatis justee rationi se idem submittens, tali post illud tempus tenore de ecelesia prsedicta terram suscepit tenendamj utgablum antiquitus consuetum inde persolvi, id est VI. denarios, et ipse Nigellus singulis annis ad nativitatem Sanctse Marise illi coUectori in eadem villa redderet, qui aliud ecclesiae gablum illic coUegeret. Quod placitum factum est super eandem terram coram multis testibus. [Abbot Faeitius v. Walter Giffaud.]' [The plaiutiiT recovers a knight's fee of lands situated at Linford, before bishops and barons of the king, at a private house.] Walteeus comes junior, cognomine Giffardus, mane- rium VII. hidarum, quod vocatur Linford, tenebat ; et est ex jure ecclesiae hujusj sed ipse comes inde ser- vitium debitum contra tenere moliebatur. Quare in- dustria abbatis Paritii tantum in boc prsevaluit ut idem comes coram Rogero Saresberiensi, ac Roberto Lincolniensi, et multis regis baronibus, ecclesiee et abbatis bomo efficeretur; eo tenore ut ex ilia terra militis unius servitium omnimodo reddat, quo alii ecclesiffi milites servitia exbibent. 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 133 (Reo. Com.). HENKr I. 79 Hsec omnia' disratlocinata fuere prsecepto Henrici regis apud Oxeneford, in domo Thomse de Sancto Johanne, et ubi abbas tunc curiam suam fecitj eo quod ille Thomas suus homo erat. [Case OF Matilda. Ecclesiastical. 1101.]' [Matilda (previously called Edith), daughter of Malcolm, king of the Scotch, and of Saxon birth on her mother's side, having con- sented to marry Henry I. of England, it was charged against her by the Normans that she had taken the veil. She goes to Anselm to consult with him under the circumstances, and denies that she had ever done this voluntarily. She had, she admitted, sometimes in her youth appeared veiled, but she was then under the care of her aunt Christina (her parents having died), who to protect her from the libertinism of the Normans, had sometimes placed a piece of black cloth on her head. This she would refuse to wear, and as soon as her aunt was out of sight, would tear it off and throw it away in anger.' The trial takes place before bishops, abbots, nobles, and other men of religious orders, re- sulting in favour of Matilda.] Quid plura? DifFert Anselmus sententiam ferre, et causam judicio religiosarum. personarum regni deter- minandam pronunciat. Statute itaque die coeunt ad nutum illius, episcopi, abbates^ nobiles quique^ ac religiosi ordinis viri in villa Sancti Andreae de Rove- cestra quse Lambeta voeaturj quo et ipsum prsesentis negotii tunc tenor adduxerat. Causa igitur juxta prsescriptam seriem in medium deducta est. Prodeunt ' The last three cases. - Hist. Novorum, 57. ^ It should be stated that this is taken from the introductory re- marks of Eadmer, and is not drawn from the text which here follows. 80 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. hinc inde idonei testes^ verba puellsSj purse veritati subnixa, protestantes. Accedunt istis arehidiaeoni duo Willielmus videlicet Cantuariensis, et Humbaldus Ser- beriensis^ quos pater Anselmus Wiltuniam, ubi ilia fuerat edueata^ pro hujus rei certitudine rimanda direxerat, qui publica voce testati sunt se et rem a sororibus diligentissime perquisisse, et nil quod relatse rationi obsisteret^ ab eis capere potuisse. Monet ergo Anselmus et per cbristianam obedientiam omnibus imperat, ut nullum a veritate favor aut timor defleetat, sed sicut revera causae Dei quo juste determinetur unus- quisque pro viribus opem ferat ne, quod absit, aiens, talis judieii sententia prodeat, cujus exemplo in super- venturis temporibus, vel sua quilibet libertate non jure privetur, vel Deus his, quae sui juris esse debent, injuria defrudetur. Aeclamant omnes, ita faciendum^ et, se non aliter faeturos, spondent. Remoto itaque a conventu foIo patre, ecclesia Angliae quae convenerat in unum de proferenda sententia tractat. Deinde illo in medium reverenter adducto, expositum est quid de negotio communis omnium consensus invenerit. Ratum. aiunt perspecta re sibi videri, et ad boc comprobandum paratos se asserunt^ nulla sententia posse puellam pro causa sua jure constringi, quin libertate corporis sui quocunque modo legaliter velit, valeat uti. Quod licet, inquiunt, levi argumento probare possemus, eo tamen cum opus non sit, supersedemus, nostris argumentis firmiorem tenentes parem judieii bujus sententiam a venerandae memoriae praedecessore vestro, et patre et magistro nostro Lanfranco, simili de causa, promul- gatam. Nam quando ille magnus "Willielmus banc terram primo devicit, multi suonun sibi pro tanta victoria applaudentes, omniaque suis voluntatibus atque HENEY I. 81 luxuriis obedire, ac subdi debere autumanteSj non solum in possessiones vietorum, sed et in ipsas matronas et virgines ubi eis facultas aspirabat^ nefanda libidine cceperunt insanire. Quod nonnullas praevidenteSj et suo pudori metuentes monasteria virgiuum petivere, aceep- toque velo sese inter ipsas a tanta infamia protexere. Quae clades, cum postmodum sedata et pro temporis qualitate pax rebus data fuisset, queesitum ab eodem patre Lanfranco est quid de his quae tali refugio suam pudieitiam servaverunt, ipse sentiretj essentne videlicet constringendse in monasterio velum tenere quod accepe- rantj necne. At ipse qusestionem ipsam consilio gene- ralis concilii taliter solvit ut eis pro eastitate quam se tam manifesto rei ostensione amare testatse fuerant, debitam magis reverentiam judicaret exbibendam quam ullam servandge religionis continentiam, nisi propria illam voluntate appeterent, violenter ingerendam. Et adjunxerunt. His interfuimus, beec approbari a sapientibus viris audivimus^ et heec in prsesenti negotio valere volumus ac roborari postulamus. Licet enim sciamus causam illarum istius esse leviorem dum ille' sponte ista coacta pari de causa velum portaverit, tamen ne quis nos favore cujusvis duci existimet, non ultra progredi in judicio volumus hoc solo contenti, ut quod valuit in majori valeat in minori. Tunc Anselmus ad hsec. Scitis quid monuerim, quid praeceperim, quid- que polliciti sitis. Cum igitur secundum quod vobis visum est justius in commune judicaveritis, sicut asseritis, ego judicium vestrum non abjicio, sed eo securius illud suscipio quo tanti patris autoritate suffiiltum audio. Ilia dehinc in medium dueitur, gesta 1 Ola. 82 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. eomi vultu audit, et amplectitur, auditmn sibi prsestari paueis preeatur. Loquens ergo obtulit se vel sacramento vel alia quam magis eligerent ecelesiastica lege, pro- baturam solidse veritati subnisam esse jam definitam rationem suam.' [The King v. RoBEiiT Malbt et al. 1102.]"^ [Fines and outlawry.] Anno ab incaruatione Domini MCII., indietione IX., Henricus, rex Anglorum, pace cum Rodberto fratre sue facta, in regno confirmatus est, et super proditores, qui tempore necessitatis suse nequiter ab illo desciverant, paulatim ulcisci conatus est. Nam Rodbertum, cogno- mento Maletum et Ivonem de Grentemaisnilio, Rodber- tum de Pontefracto, filium Ilberti de Laceio, et poten- tiorem omnibus illis, Rodbertum de Belismo,' aliosque quamplures ad judicium summonuit; nee simul, sed separatim, variisque temporibus, de multimodis violatre fidei reatibus implacitavit. Quosdam eorum, qui se de objecto crimine purgare non poterant, ingenti peeunia condemnavit, alios vero, quos magis suspectos babebat, irrecuperabiliter exberedatos exulare compiilit Rodbertum de Pontefracto, et Rodbertum Maletum placitis impetivit, et honoribus exspoliatos extorres expulit. Ivonem quoque, quia guerram in Anglia ' But she was told that there was no need of this. 2 4 Ord. Vital. 161, 167 (French Hist. Soc). 3 Outlawed soon afterwards. See infra. HENRY I. 83 eoeperat, et vicinorum rura suoram incendio combusserat (quod in ilia regione crimen est inusitatumj nee sine gravi ultione fit expiatum), rigidus censor accusatum, nee purgatum, ingentis pecuniae redditione oneravit^ et plurimo angore tribulatum morstificavit. The two paragraphs above appear to refer to the same trials. [The King v. Robert Belismb. 1102.]' [The defendant outlawed hy the king and barons.] Anno ab incarnatione Domini MCII.j indictione X.., Henricus rex Rodbertum de Belismo, potentissimum comitem, ad curiam suam ascivit, et XLV. reatus in factis seu dictis contra se vel fratrem suum^ Normannise ducem, commissos objecit, et de singulis eum. palam respondere prsecepit. Diligenter enim eum fecerat per unum annum explorarij et vituperabiles actus per privates exploratores caute investigari, summopereque litteris annotari. Cumque Rodbertus licentiam^ ut moris est, eundi ad consilium cum suis postulassetj eademque accepta, egressus, purgari se de objectis criminibus non posse agnovisset, equis celeriter ascensis, ad castella sua pavidus et anhelus confugit, et, rege cum baronibus suis responsum expectantCj regius satelles Rodbertum extemplo recessisse retulit. Tunc delusum se rex doluit ; sed tempus ultionis non dubius expectavit. Rodbertum itaque publicis questibus impetitum, nee 1 4 Ord. Vital. 169 (French Hist. Soc). g2 84 PLA.CITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. legaliter expiatum, palam blasphemavit, et, nisi ad judicium, reetitudinem facturas, remearet, publicum hostem judicavit. Itermn rebellem ad concionem invitavit ; sed ille venire prorsus refutavit. [Abbot Gausfkid v, Eobeet de Chilton. EccunsiAS Ttea^. 110:2.]' [The defendant, a servant of the late abbot of Battel, 13 aocnsed by the plaintiff of peculation, and refusing to answer, in which he is supported by his friends, he and they are summoned to a court at Battel. The parties appear, but decline to answer except in their own county ; whereupon the plaintiff closes and fastens the door of the court-room, And compels them to attend to the cause, and obtains judgment.] CuMQTjB prsecipuum ecclesise manerium Wi adisset [Gausfridus], quod quidam abbatis defuncti serviens procuraverat Robertus cognomento de Ciltuna, in- venissetque illud undique distractum, coepit causas ab ipso prseposito rationemque requirere villicationis. Qui cum domino suo jam defuncto se inde satisfecisse referret, nee sic iste adquiescens testes exigeret, tandem convictum in ejusdem manerii curiam compulit. Cumque vi nobilium provincisBj quos sibi asciverat, eequitati parere penitus detrectasset^ eum suosque preesentes, ex regis nomine die denominato, prsecipiendo apud Belli curiam adesse idem ecclesiee procurator summonuit. Quibus nee post multam conflictationem quicquam certi re- spondentibus in his disceditur. Die vero denominato ■ Chron. Mon. de Bello, 47 (Ang. Chris. Soc). HENRY I. . 85 cum prsedicti plaeitatores Fulbertus scilicet de Cillehanij Rotbertus Pillel^ Haimo filius Vitalis^ et Brother presbiter aliique barones quamplurimi cum praedicto Rotberto, vi ac terrore regii nominis, Bataliensem adissent curiam, et jam bora tardior noetem minitaret, placitum dominus Gausfridus persuasione etsi segre in primum Dominici adventus diem reerastinavit. Habebat enim quoddam ia se memoriale, quatinus agendis exterioribus ad memoriam posterorum non solum seniores fratrum sed et juniores interesse procuraret, et tardiori id hora tunc fieri ordinis custodia prohibebat. Itaque post opulentam hospitalitatem curia statuta, circumassidenti- bus sibi fratribus, summonitos Gausfridus affatur : " Quoniam mi seniores carissimi praesenti vos praemoniti intulistis curiae, utrum rectitudinis hinc exequendae et recipiendse causa adveneritis sciscitor.'" lUi vero cum non ibi sed in suo comitatu omnem rectitudinem se exequi debere insisterent, post plurimam dominus Gausfridus controversiam intulit : " Si ergo ut asseritis non nisi in vestro comitatu justitiae subdimini causis, nunquid non regiae asciti curiae conquesta definire vetaretis ? " "Nequaquam,'^ inquiunt. " Ergo praesenti," inquit, "curiae, quae regis extat, bac ratione contraire nequibitis." Qui cum vi ratiocinatione freti renitentes demum erumpere conarentur, protinus basilicas valvas jussit obserari, obtestans singulos regiae majestati ex- pomendos, si non regiae exequerentur jura curiae. Cumque viri animositatem regiaeque districtionis recogitassent sequitatem, tandem pavidi cessere tiranni, et se illic rectitudinem facere et recipere velle profitentur. Tunc domino Gausfrido ' manerii de Wi annullationem, 1 " Dominus Gauafridaa, MS.," says the editor of the Ohroniole. 86 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. praepositumque impotentem villicationis reddere rationem exponente, tandem post plurium verborum rotationem, reus coram communi judicio sistitur Rotbertus. Qui reatum confitens cum veniam flagitaret, decern argenti libris decemque frumenti adjudicatus modiis, cum gratia miserieorditer absolvitur. Hoc peracto, et domino Gausfrido si quid erga ipsum querimonise prsesentes haberent sciscitante, cum calumpniffi nil a quoquam referretur^ curia soluta est. [Abbot Gausfrid v. The King's Collectoes. 1102.]' [A ship goes ashore at Wye, laden with royal valuables. The king's collectors come to seize the same as wreck. Gansfrid and his men oppose this, and a complaint is laid before the king ; the result being in favour of Gansfrid.] Sub isdem diebus warec contigit in Dengemareis membro de Wi, navem videlicet regiis ornamentis et operibus onustam fluctibus jactatam cum illic appulisset con- fringi. Quam cum infra statutum terminum pro more reparare nequissent, regii accessere exactores^ navem cum opibus ut regiam pecuniam vi optinere conantes. Domino vero Gausfrido obnitente cum suis^ tandem coram regiis auribus bac ventilata querimonia, rex morem servari patrium volens, ecclesiamque suam ofFendere cavens, jussit quatinus nee de sua quidem pecunia propria^ cujusquam ecclesia pateretur injuriam, sed quod appulsum fuerat totum ecclesise maneret. See the case of Archbishop of Canterbury v. Abbot of Battel, post, p. 143, in the year 1139. ' Chrou. Mon. de Bello, 49 (Aug. Chris. Soc.). HENEY I. 87 [Monks of St. Augustine. 1103.]' [The king's writ granting a right of fair to the monks of St. Augustine.] Heneicus, rex Anglorum, Anselmo arehiepiscopo et Haimoni vicecomiti et omnibus baronibus suis, Francis et Anglis, totius Anglise, salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse monacLis Saneti Augustini habere feriam in translatione ipsius saneti apud Cantorberiam, quae est Idus Septembris, quinto die post Natale Sanctse MarisBj et duret per quinque dies ante festum ipsius saneti, et duos post festum. Et prsecipio ut omnes ad earn venienteSj et in ea morantes, et ab ea redeuntes, habeant firmam pacem meam : et nemo eis injuriam faciatj nee in civitate vel extra aliquis tbeloneum per hos dies capiat nisi monachi et servientes eorum. Testibus Turstino capellano et Haimone dapifero, apud Londoniam, Kal. Septemb. [Men oe Whistley v. Osatus. 1104) ?]2 [The king's writ discharging the plainttEFa from liability to the de- fendant.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, WUlielmo Osato, salutem. Prsecipio tibi ut dimittas in pace homines abbatis de Abbendona, qui sunt in Wisseleia, quos requiris, quia ego clamo eos quietos. Teste Rogero Bigot; apud Win- dresores. ' Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 358 (Bee. Com.) 2 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 94.. (Eeo. Com.), 88 placita anglo-noemannica. [Men of St. Augustine v. Citizens oe Cantek- BUUY. 1104.] ■ 1 1 [The king's writ commanding pledges given by the plaintiffs to the defendants to be restored.] Heneicus, rex Anglorum^ Haymoni dapifero et minis- tris suis, salutem. Praecipio vobis ut cito faciatis reddi hominibus Sancti Augustini vadimonia ilia quae ceperunt burgenses de Cantorberia super eos propter auxilium. Nolo enim ut servientes Sancti Augustini^ qui nee emunt, nee vendunt^ nee mercatum dueunt, donent hoc auxilium. Unde quicquid propter hoc ab eis captum est totum cito reddatur eis. Et videte ne amplius inde clamorem audiam. Teste Waldrico cancellario, apud Wincestriam in Pascha. [Monks of St. Augustine. 1103—1106.]' [The king's writ exempting the monks of St. Angustine from certain toll.] Heneicus, rex Anglorum, omnibus vicecomitibus et ministris totius Angliae, salutem. Prsecipio ut servientes Sancti Augustini sint quieti ab omni theloneo in omni- bus quae poterunt afEdare se emere ad dominicos usus monachorum. Et defendo ne aliquis eos super hoc disturbet. Teste Waldrico cancellario, apud Westmonas- terium in Natale Domini. ' Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 358 (Rec. Com.). ' lb. 362. HENEY I. 89 [Abbot Faeititjs v. Men of Stanton. 1105 — 1107 ?]' [Writ of trespass for breaking a sluice.] HeneicuSj rex Angliaej Nigello de Oilli et Willielmo vicecomiti de Oxeneford, salutem. Prsecipio vobis ut faciatis abbati de Abbendona plenariam rectitudinem de exclusa sua quam bomines de Estantona fregerunt, et ita ne amplius inde clamorem audiam pro recti penuria, et hoc super X. libras forisfacturse. Teste Rannulfo can- cellario ; apud Westmonasterium. The editor of the Abingdon Chronicle suggests the year 1105 as the date of this and the following writ ; but according to Poss (Tab. Cur. 5), Eanulf, who witnesses the above writ as chancellor, did not become chancellor till 1107. These writs are worthy of notice as the prototype of the writ of trespass qwxire cUmswm fregit. [Same Parties. 1105—1107?]' [AUa^ writ of trespass.] Heneious, rex Anglise, Willielmo vicecomiti de Oxene- fordj salutem. Fac cito et sine mora plenam justitiam Faritio abbati de hominibus de Stantona, qui fregerunt exclusam suam, et ita ne inde amplius pro recti penuria clamorem audiam^ super X. libras forisfacturse. Teste Eudone dapifero ; apud Corneberiam. • 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 92 (Eeo. Com.). ' lb. 90 placita anglo-noemannica. [Abbot op Abingdon v. Goscelin. 1105?]' [The king's writ directing the defendant to sue in the plaintiflfs court in respect of certain land.] Hbnricxjs, rex Anglisej Henrico comiti de Warewic et Willielmo vieecomiti^ salutem. Si Goscelinus quid clamaverit in terra Sanetse Marine de Abbendona, quam habet apud Hyllam^ preeeipio ut ipse Goscelinus eat in curiam abbatis, et ipse abbas sit ibi ei ad rectum; et defendo ipsi abbati, quod non respondeat inde Goscelino in alio loco. Testibus Waldrico cancellario et Grim- baldo medico J apud Westmonasterium, in Natali Do- mini. [Chuech of Eochestes. 1104 — 1107.] ' [The king's wiit forbidding strangers from fishing at a certain place.] Heneicus, rex Anglorum, Haimoni dapifero, et Hugoni de Bochlandj salutem. Prohibeo ne piscatores piscant in Tamisia ante piscaturam de Eoueeestra de Niuuera. Et si ulterius inveniuntur piscantes, sint michi foris faeti. Teste Waldrico cancellario apud Westmoster. 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 93 (Eec. Com.). 2 Hearne's Textus Roffensis, 171. HENRY I. 91 [Church of St. Mary op Abingdon v. W. de MONTEFICHET. AbOUT 1106.]' [The king's writ directing protection of the church of St. Mary in lands at Langley.] HbnrictjSj rex AnglisBj W. de Montefieliet, salutem. Permitte esse in pace terrain de Langeleia, quam regina Mathilda, uxor mea, dedit in eleemosynam Sanctee Marise de Abbendonia, sieut melius umquam fuit in pace tempore antecessoris tui, et quicquid inde super hoc cepisti, redde. Et nisi feeeris, Willielmus de Bochelanda faciat fierij ne audiam inde clamorem amplius pro penu- ria recti et justitise. Teste Nigello de Albini; apud Walingeford. [Abbot Parititjs v. Godrio, 1106?]^ [The king's writ confirming title to lands at Winkfield, and en- joining a suit by Gtodric] Heneictjs, rex Anglise, Hugoni de Bochelanda, et Grodrico, et baronibus de Berchescira, Francis et Anglis, salutem. Volo et prsecipio ut ecclesia Sanctae Marise de Abbendona habeat et teneat terram suam de Winkefelda, cum omnibus sibi pertinentibus, ita bene, et honorifice, et in firma pace, sicut melius eam tenuit tempore patris mei, et fratris mei. Et prtecipio ut calumnia quam Grodricus prsepositus de Windresores super eam terram faciat, de haia, omnino et perpetualiter remaneat. Testi- bus Uogero Bigod, et Grimbaldo medico ; apud Norham- tonam. ' 2 Hist. Men. Abingd. 77 (Eeo. Com.). 2 lb. 87. 9a pla.cita anglo-noemannica. [Monks of Abingdon v. Officers of Ueso, Sheriff. 1106?]' [The kmg's writ directing that the monks of Abingdon be exempt from duty on salt.] Heneicus, rex Angliee, Ursoni de Wirecestra viee- comitij salutem. Prsecipio tibi ut salem monachorum de Abbendonia permittas esse ab omni tbeloneo et con- suetudinibus quietum ; et bene prsecipias tuis ministris de Wice ne supradictorum monaeliorum rebus forisfaciat, et ita ne amplius clamorem inde audiam. Teste Hugone de Bocbelanda ; apud Suttunam. [Faritius v. Gotselin de Riparia. 1106.]^ [The king's writ ordering the defendant to perform the customary- land service to the plaintiff, on penalty of levy.] HenricuSj rex Anglise, Gotselino de Ripariaj salutem. Prsecipio ut faciatis Faritio abbati de Abbendona tale servitium de feudoj quod de eo et de abbatia sua tenes, quale fratres tui fecerunt antecessori suo A. Quod nisi feceritis, ipse abbas inde te constringat per feudum tuum. Teste Roberto filio Hamonis. Per W. de la Rochellaj apud Lundoniam. ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 88 (Kec. Com.). ^ n,_ 93. HENUY I. 93 [William of Jcmiegbs v. Abbot Fauitius. 1106.]' [The king's writ directing the defendant to return certain property to the plaintiff; also that the county decide concerning certain houses, and that the abbot act his pleasure concerning land given him by the king's writ.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Hugoni de Bochelanda efc Al- brico, salutem. Sciatis quod volo ut Faritius abbas de Abbendona reddat Willielmo Jemmeticensi totam pecu- niam suam, scilicet in annona sicca et in pecudibus, quam apportavit ad terram suam de terris aliis. De domibus vero et annonis viridis, et ceeteris aliis rebus, fiat recti- tude justo judicio eomitatus. De terra autem ilia faciat prsedictus abbas suam voluntatem, sicut ei per breve meum concessit et nulli inde super boc respondeat. Teste Waldrico cancellario ; apud Brantonam. [RoBEET, Son op Hervey, ?>. Robeet Geenun. 1106?]" [The king's writ discharging the plaintiff from liability to the de- fendant.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Roberto Gernun, salutem. Prsecipio tibi ut permittas esse ita in pace Robertum filium Hervei, cum tota terra sua et peeunia, sicut m^elius et quietius tenebat eam die qua dedisti earn terram reginse, et ipsa eam terram dedit in eleemosyna ecclesise Sanctae Marise de Abbendona. Et vide ne inde amplius clamorem audiam. Testibus regina et Roberto comite de Mellent : apud Roebingeham. ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 93 (Rec. Com.). ' lb. 99. 94 placita anglonormannica. [The King v. Robert de Montefoute. 1107.]' [The defendant convicted of breaking hia oath.] Anno ab inearnatione Domini MCVII., Henricus rex proceres suos convoeavitj et Rodbertum de Monteforti placitis de violata fide propulsavit. Unde idem, quia reum se sensit^ licentiam eundi lerusalem accepit^ totam- que terram suam regi reliquit. [Abbot oe Abingdon. About 1107.]^ [The king's writ exempting the church at Abingdon &om toll, pas- sage, and customs.] Heneicus, rex Anglic, Warino prseposito Hamtone, et ministris suis, salutem. Prsecipio quod victus et vestitus abbatis de Abbendonaj et quiequid homines ejus poterint afiidare esse suum proprium, sit quietum de omni the- loneo, et lestagio, et eonsuetudinCj et passagio ; et si quid inde captum super hoc est, cito reddatur. Teste W. de Tanc^ Per Willielmum de Calna ; apud Windi-e- soram. [Abbot Fauitius. About 1107.]' [The king's writ commanding restoration of fugitives.] HenuicuSj rex Anglise, omnibus vieecomitibus et minis- tris suis totius Anglieej in quorum baillia fugitivi 1 4 Ord. Vital. 239 (French Hist. Soc). * 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 79 (Keo. Com.). a lb. 81. HENRY 1. 95 abbatias de Abbendona invent! fuerint^ salutem. PrsD- cipio vobis quod plene et juste faeiatis habere abbati Abbendone omnes fugitives suos, cum tota pecunia et catallo suOj ubicumque ipsi inventi fuerint; et prohibeo ne aliquis eos ei vel peeuniam suam super boo injuste detineat, super X. libris forisfacturse. Teste eancellario ; apud Wdestocam. [Abbot Fakitius. About 1107.]' [A like writ.] HbneicuSj rex Angliae, Hugoni de Bochelandaj et Eoberto de Ferrariis^ et Willielmo vieecomiti de Oxene- fordj et Niebolao de Statford, salutem. Prsecipio vobis ut juste et sine mora faeiatis redire ad abbatiam de Abbendona omnes fugitivos suos, et cum tota pecunia sua, ubicumque sint, et ita ne inde amplius clamorem audiam pro recti penuria, et nominatim hdminem qui est in terra Eoberti de Ferrariis, et cum tota pecunia sua. Teste Roberto filio Ricardi ; apud Walengeford. [Abbot Fauitius. About 1107.]^ [Another like writ.] Henbicus, rex Anglia3, omnibus vicecomitibus, et ministris, et iidelibus suis, Francis et Anglis, totius 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 81 (Eeo. Com.). ' lb. 82. 96 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. Angliae, salutem. Prsecipio vobis ut sine aliqua mora faciatis habere Faritio abbati de Abbendona omnes homines suoSj qui de terra sua exierunt de Walingeford propter herberiam curiae mese, vel propter alias res^ et cum omni pecunia sua^ ubicumque sint. Teste Rogero Piger, per Aretum falconarimn ; apud Westmuster. [Chukch of St. Mary of Abingdon. About 1108.]' [The king's writ in favour of the church at Abingdon as to certain land. ] Henricus, rex Anglise, Hugoni de Bochelanda, salutem. Prsecipio tibi ut sine mora facias habere eeclesise Sanctae Marias de Abbendonia terram quam Ranmdfus episcopus dedit Roberto de Calzmontj si ilia terra est de dominio prsedictse eeclesise. Quia nolo ut ecclesia quicquam per- dat quod habere debeat. Testibus W. cancellario, et R. filio Haimonis ; apud Westmuster. [Abbot Fauitids v. Ared et al. About 1108.]' [The king's writ directing that the plaintiff be permitted to take away wood. ] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Ared falconario, et omnibus forestariis suis, salutem. Volo et prseeipio ut omnia ligna et virgus, quae fuerint data, vel vendita, hominibus abbatis Faritii de Abbendona ad opus suorum operum, sine omni impedimento et disturbatione possint ea con- ducere in pace quoeunque voluerint. Teste Rogero Bigod; apud Wincestram. 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 83 (Eeo. Com.). 2 lb. 78. HENRY I. 97 [Abbot Faeitius v. Robert Maledoit. 1108?]' [The king's writ ordering tte defendant to perform the customary land service to the plaintiff i in case of failure, the plaintiff to act his pleasure in respect of the land.] Hbneicus, rex AnglisB, Roberto MaledoetOj salute m Prsecipio tibi ut abbati Paritio facias servitium terrse quam tenes, sicut tui antecessores feeerunt tempore Adelelmi abbatis. Et nisi fecerisj tunc prsecipio ut abbas prsedietus de terra sua^ quam tenes, suam volun- tatem faciat. Teste Ricardo de Retveres ; apud Becce- leam. [Abbot of Abingdon. 1108?]'' [The king's writ directing respect to the plaintiff's right to the hundred of Hommere, and to the trial of a certain cause.] Henuicus, rex Anglic, Hugoni de Bochelanda, et jus- ticiariis suis, et omnibus baronibus suis^ Francis et Anglis, de Berchescira, salutem. Prsecipio quod abbas de Abbendona babeat bundredum suum de Hornimera bene, et in pace, et bonorifiee, sicut unquam antecessores sui melius babuerunt tempore patris mei, et fratris mei, et meo, et nominatim placitum de equa unde Osbertus calumniatus fuit. Teste cancellario : apud Wintoniam. 1 2 Hist. Men. Abingd. 91 (Eeo. Com.) ' lb. 115. 98 placita analo-noemannica. [Abbot Hugh v. Canons of St. Maetin. 1107 — 1109.]' [Writ of the king confirming a recovery by the plaintiff of the right to a prebend at St. Martin's of Dover.] HeneictjSj rex Anglorum, Anselmo archiepiscopo, et conventui canonicorum Sancti Martini de Dovera, et Haimoni dapiferOj et baronibus suis et fidelibus, Francis et Anglisj de Kent, salutem. Sciatis quod abbas Hugo Sancti Augustini CantorberiaD, per dirationamentum regni mei -et curise, habet prsebendam unam de me in ecclesia Sancti Martini de Dovera, sicut anteeessores sui habuerunt de antecessoribus meis. Et volo et pracipio, ut ipse ita plene earn habeat et ita deserviat, per unum canonicum in ecclesia Sancti Martini, sicut anteeessores sui plenius et melius habuerunt et deservierunt. Et qniiequid inde captum est postquam ipse Hugo abbas fuit, totum ei reddatur. Quod nisi ita factum iuerit, tu, Haimo, justifiea inde adversarios. Testibus Rogero episcopo et Willelmo Exonise episcopo, apud Westmonas- terium in Pentecost. The prelates who witness this writ were consecrated in 1107, and Anselm, to whom it is directed, died in 1109. In the Chronicle of St. Aiignstine the date of the writ is incorrectly given as in 1101. [Abbot Faeitius v. Men of Faenham. 1108?]^ [The king's writ of trespass for the carrying away of grass.] HeneicuSj rex Anglise, Rogero episcopo SalesberisBj salutem. Mando tibi quod plenum rectum teneas abbati de Abbendonia de hominibus meis de Fernham de fceno suo, quod vi ceperunt de prato suo. Teste G. filio Pagani ; apud Wdestoc. ObseiTe here a prototype of trespass vi et a/rmis. 1 Hist. Men. St. Aug. 357 (Eec. Com.). ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 84 (Rec. Com.). HENRY I. 99 [Abbot Fauitius v. Jordan ue Sackville. 1108?]' [The king's writ as to disseisiii of lands.] HenriouSj rex Anglise, Jordano de Saccevilla, salutem. Prsecipio tibi ut plemim rectum facias Faritio abbati et ecclesise de Abbendonia de terra quam abstulisti eis, quam Radulfus de Cainesbam dedit ecclesias in eleemosynaj et nisi sine mora feceris, praecipio quod Walterus Gifiardus faciatj et si ipse non fecerit, Hugo de Bocbelanda faciatj ne inde clamorem audiam pro recti penuria. Teste Goisfrido de Magnavilla, apud Wodestoc. Observe in this and the following writ a prototype of the fixed writ of right of Glanvill. Lib. 12, u. 3. [Same Parties. 1109?]' [The king's second writ concerning the same lands, Jordan having failed to do justice to Faritius.] HenricuSj rex Anglise, Waltero Giffardo, et Agneti matri suae, salutem. Prsecipio ut teneatis plenum rectum Faritio abbati de Abbendonia de terra^ quam Radulfus Kauresham posuit ad Abbendonam vestra concessionCj et unde ecclesia fuit saisita ; et ita facite, ne inde clamorem audiam pro recti penuria. Teste Rannulfo cancellario ; apud Windresores. [Men of Periton v. Abbot Farititjs. Abodt 1109.]' [The abbot of Abingdon recovers judgment in the Exchequer, 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 85 (Eec. Com.). » lb. ^ h,. us. H 2 iOO PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. before certain bishops and many barons, as to the manor of Lewknor ; the qneen by her writ attesting the fact.] Homines de hundredo Peritune moliebantur manerium hujus ecclesise^ Leuecenore appellattmij suo juri mancipare; sed is abbas in eastelloWincestre^ coram episcopis Rogero Saresberiensij et Roberto Lincolniensi, et Ricardo Lun- doniensij et multis regis baronibus, ratioeinando ostendit declamationem eorum injustam esse. Quare justieiario- rum regis judicio obtinuitj ut illud maneriiun nulli alteri hundredo nisi proprio debeat in aliquo fieri obnoxium. Sed quia rex tunc in Normannia erat, regina^ quae tunc praesens aderat, taliter hoc sigillo suo confirmavit : Mathildis, Angliae regina^ Roberto episcopo Lincolni- ensij et Thomse de Sancto Johanne, et omnibus baronibus, Francis et Anglis, de Oxenefordsciraj salutem. Seiatis quod Paritius abbas de Abbendona in curia domini mei et mea apud Wintoniam, in thesauro/ ante Rogerum episcopum Salesberiensem^ et Robertum episcopum Lincolniensem^ et Richardum episcopum Lundoniensemj et Willielmum de Curceio, et Adam de Portoj et Turstinum eapellanum, et Waltenmi de Gloecestria^ et Herbertum camerarium, et Willielmum de Oileio, et Goisfredum filium Herberti^ et "Willielmum de Enesi, et Radulfum Basset, et Goisfredum de Magnavillaj et Goisfredum Ridel, et Walterum archidiaconum de Oxeneford, et per Librum de Thesauro" disratiocinavit quod Leuecanora manerium suum nihil omnino debet in hundredo de Perituna facere ; sed omnia quse debet facere, tantummodo in hundredo Leuacanora facere debet, in quo hundredo habet eeclesia de Abbendona X. et VII. hidas. Testibus Rogero episcopo Salesberiensi, et Wil- lielmo de Curei, et Adam de Porto ; apud Wincestriam. ' Exchequer. See post, p. 127. ^ Doomsday. HENRY I. 101 [Abbot Fauitius v. Men of Sutton. 1109—1110.]' [The plaintiff obtains judgment in favour of the abbey of Abingdon as to customs claimed by the defendants in an action for trespass to land, tried before the sheriff of Berkshire.] Anno decimo regni Henriei regis, apud Suttunam resi- dente plenarie seira, et maxime pro causa quae sequitur, disrationavit doranus abbas Faritius, et monacbi de Abbendona, terrain de Culeham solidam et quietam de omnibus consuetudinibus, et de omnibus hominibus, ad opus eccelesisB Abbendonensis, et maxime de quadam violentia, quam homines de supradicto manerio Suttune inferebant illi terras, scilicet in accipiendis glebis illius terrse ad opus molendini et piscarise regis. Undo, — sicut antecessor illius, Adelelmus abbas, tempore Willelmi senioris regis, et tempore Frogerii vieecomitis, terram supradictffi villse Culeham a tali violentia quietavit, — sic et iste abbas Faritius, eo die et eo tempore, quo supra- dietum est, quietavit earn a supradicta violentia et omnibus consuetudinibus, in prsesentia Hugonis ^ viee- comitis, probi et sapientis viri, qui non solum Berchescirse, sed etiam aliis VII. sciris praeerat vicecomes, adeo erat nominatus vir et earns regi, et in prsesentia multorum hominum trium scirarum ibi assistensiimi. [The offence secretly renewed, and judgment therefor again ob- tained.] Post istam disratiocinationem, cum in eorum non fiiisset ausu hominum quod pridem egerant jam publico in conspectu itferare, claneulo id repetunt. De qua re cum certi nuntii relatio abbati esset perlata, vicecomitatum tunc Berchescirse regenti, Hugoni de Bochelande, eandem retulit, cujus et jussu in hundredo ipsi Suttunae, prsedictse ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 117 (Eec. Com.). 2 de Bocland. 102 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. regis villse adjacent!, rectum de liac injustitia ecclesise et abbati per judiciuin ejusdem hundredi bujusmodi per- solutum fuit. [Abbot Faeitius v. Gamel.]' [A similar case to that aboTO reported, witli judgment in favour of the plaintiff by the justiciars of the hundred.] EuAT eo tempore molendiEarius molendini, quod situm est super flumen Tamisise, ad orientalem partem prsedictse villse regis, nomine Gamel, qui boris, ex altera parte fluminis, de terra villse Culebam pertinenti, glebas clam efFodiens pro reficiendo molendino, nocturnis, cujus curam babebat, exportare solebat. Et cum de bac sua temeritate in bundredo ipso interpellatus negare nequivisset, et pro boc jure legis subaetus esset, decreverunt justieiarii bundredi debere eum abbati et ecclesise emendationem V. mancusarum denariorum exsolvere. Quod et fecit. [Cellarer of Abingdon v. Master or a Ship. 1110—1111.]' [Judgment obtained by the plaintiff in favour of customs con- cerning vessels, on writs directed to the king's justiciars and sheriffs of Berkshire and Oxford, the trial taking place in the house of a priest.] CoNSUETUDO bnjus ecclesiae est a tempore domni Ordrici abbatis, ut de unaquaque navi Oxeneforde civitatis, quae 1 2 Hist. Mod. Abingd. 118 (Eec. Com.). ' lb. 119. HENRY I. 103 transitum fecerit per aquam Tamisise prope curiam Abbendonensem, versus australem scilicet partem difflu- entem, cellerario centum allecia omni anno more debito reddantur, aut pro eis condignum pretium^ ita ut navium remiges non interrogati eadem cellerario deferant, a tempore videlicet Purificationis SanctsB Marise usque ad Pascha. Quod si eorum aliquis banc consuetudinem de- tinuisse inventus faerit^ bujusmodi navem cellerarius, ne per aquam transeat ecclesisSj jure detinetj donee sibi rectum faciat. Hane ecclesise consuetudinem, tempore domni Paritii abbatis, nautsa prsedictse civitatis moliti sunt ecclesise abripere; sed cito eos ab bac temeritate disratiocinatione justa idem abbas repressit, ita ut eadem regi Henrico allegaret, et rex per sua brevia justiciariis suis et vice- comitibus Bercbescire et Oxenefordscire prseeiperetj qua- tenus rectam justitiam inde faeerent, ne ecclesia ultra hujusmodi consuetudine sua careret. Itaque, eodem rege regnante, anno imperii sui XI. et Thoma de Saneto Jobanne ac Ricardo de Monte Oxenefordscire vice- comitibus constitutis^ apud eandem Oxeneforde civitatem, in domo Hardingi presbyteri, de bac re placitum habitum est, et majorum ejusdem loci communi judieatum est decreto Abbendunensem ecclesiam justam rem exigere, et earn a civitatis totius navigio debere omni anno persolvere.' [In the following year there was a like case, with a similar result.] Sequenti quoque post hoc anno Radulfus cellerarius ejusdem, coadunatis Oxeneforde primoribus, questus est quod de quibusdam eorum nautis necdum jam decretam consuetudinem habuisset. Quibus illieo accer- ' persolvi ? 104 PLA.CITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. sitis, prsecipitur navibus ejusrlem cellerarii debitum eidem ecclesise coram reddere. Et ita factum est, cunctis qui aderaut testibus. Ad banc disrationtionem fuerunt hi prasentes, Rieardus de Monte, tunc vicecomes, Walterus arehidiaconus, et multi alii. [Abbot Faeitius v. Adelelm or K. and Robeet or B. 1110?]' [The plaintiff obtains judgment in fiivour of the chnrch at Abingdon for dues claimed from the church at Kingston ; judgment being given a j)rimis senioribus.^ EccLESiA de Kingestona subest parochiali ecclesiae de Uui'the, et hoc ab antique jure. Iccirco cum ecclesia ipsa de Kinge.stuna dedicaretur cum coemeterio per domnum Osmundum episcopum, duo ex monachis nostris, Alf'ricus scilicet quondam prior, et Modbertus, illic caterorum fratrum loco consistens, episcopo calum- niati sunt consuetudines matris ecclesise, quse est apud Wrtham. Quo tempore Rainaldus prseerat ec- clesia' abbatis reyimine. Itaque hujuscemodi imposita calumnia, postea a primis prsedictse villse senioribus coDsuItum est, videlicet Radulfo de Bakepuz et Adelelmo, quateuus annuatim ecclesise Abbendonife ad Pentecosten ab eis utrisque donarentur XVI. denarii, id estj duae orte, et ad ecclesiam de Uurtha similiter a singuhs I. acra, I. porous, et I. caseus. Sed mortuo Radulfo, cum ejus filius Henrieus sibi succederet, prtedictam persolvere pactionem neglexit. ^'^erum eo, tempore non multo post, improvisa morte sublato ex Lac vita, 1 2 Hist. Mou. Abingd. 120 (liec. Com.). HENRY I. 105 f rater ejus Robertas heres illi faetus est suarum rerum. Qui tempore Quadragesimali Abbendoniam venienSj regnante tunc Henrico rege, et domno Faritio existente abbate, promisit coram multis testibus ab illo deinceps se redditurum prsedictam pactionem. [The writ to Robert and Adelelm.] Rogerus, episcopus Saresberise, Adelelmo de Kinges- tuna et Roberto de Bacbepuz, salutem. Prsecipio vobis quod reddatis ecclesise de Abbendona rectitudines, quas illi debetis de ecclesia vestra de Kingstuna. Et nisi feceritis, Ilbertus decanus interdicat divinum officium apud Kingestuna. Apud Westmonasterium, [Chukch of St. Mary of Abingdon. About 1110.]' [The king's writ forbidding all persons from disturbing the church of St. Mary in carriage by land or by water.] Henrictjs, rex Anglise, baronibus suis, et vicecomitibus et miuistris suis, salutem. Prohibeo ne aliquis disturbet ullo modo earreiam Sanctse Marise de Abbendona, nee aliquid aliud quod sit dominicum abbatis, vel mona- cborum ejus, vel per terram, vel per aquam disturbet ; sed in pace eat et redeat quicumque rem suam, sive victum sive aliquod aliud, quod ad opus ecclesise pertineat, conduxerit. Teste Willielmo cancellario ; apud Lun- doniam. ' 2 Hist. Mou. Abingd. 78 (Kec. Com.). 106 placita anglo-noemannica. [Monks of Abingdon. About 1110.]' [The king's writ discharging the monks of Abingdon from toll, pas- sage, and cnstoms.] Henmcus, rex Anglise, omnibus vicecomitibus et prse- positis, et omnibus ministris suis totius Anglise et portuum maris, salutem. Prsecipio quod omnia, quse ministri monachorum de Abbendona emerint ad victum et vestitum, et utensilia monachorum, in civitatibus et burgis, et omnibus aliis mercatis Anglise, sint quieta de theloneo et passagio, et omni consuetudine, unde homines sui affidare poterint suas esse dominicas ; et nullus eos vel res illas inquietet, vel injuste disturbet, super X. libris forisfacturse. Testibus cancellario et Milone de Grloecestria ; apud Abbendoniam. [Abbot AND Monks OP Abingdon. About 1110.]^ [A BJTnilar writ.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Hugoni de Bochelanda, et omnibus vicecomitibus et ministris totius Anglioe, salutem. Prsecipio quod omnes res proprise abbatis et monachorum de Abbendona, quod ministri sui vendide- rint et emerint, sint quietse de tholoneo, et consuetudine, et passagio, unde homines sui affidare poterint quod sure sint ; et prohibeo ne aliquis eos disturbet, super X. libris forisfacturse. Teste cancellario ; apud Merle- beriam. I 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 18 (Rec. Com.). ' lb. 79. HENRY I. 107 [Abbot Fauititis v. Richaud de Monte et al. 1110 ?]' [The king's writ commanding that the plaintiff hold in peace certain land in Garaington, answerable to no one.] Henmcus, rex Anglise, Ricardo de MontOj et omnibus baronibus, Francis et Anglis, de Oxenefordscira, salu- tem. Sciatis quia volo et prsecipio ut abbas Faritius et abbatia de Abbendona, in pace et sine calumnia omnium hominumj teneant terram in Gersendona, quam Perchehaia tenebat, et nulli inde respondeant ; et ita bene teneant sicut abbatia tenuit tempore patris et fratris mei^ et meo. Testibus Johanne episcopo Luxovii, et Gilleberto filio Ricardi ; apud Windresores. [LiBEUTiES OF Abingdon. 1110 ?]^ [The king's writ to the abbot of St. Mary of Abingdon confirming his right to try robbers.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Hugoni de Bocbelanda^ et Albrico, et omnibus baronibus, Francis et Anglis, de Berehesira, salutem. Sciatis me concessisse Faritio abbati Sanctse Marise de Abbendona, ut ipse faciat justitiam suam de presbytero latrone^ qui in captione sua in Abbendona est, et de aliis latronibus suis faciat justitiam suam similiter, vidente comitatu. Teste Rogero Bigod. Per Walterum Hosatum ; apud Brubellam. 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 89 (Eec. Com.). = lb. 90. 108 placita anglo-noumannica. [Abbot Hugh v. Manasseb, Aksic. 1110.]' [The king's writ confirming a judgment of the plaintiff for the re- covery of certain lands.] Henricus^ rex Anglorum^ archiepiscopis, episcopis, comitibuSj viceeomitibusj baronibus, et omnibus fidelibus suisj Francigenis et Angligenis, salutem. Seiatis quod Hugo abbas Sancti Augustini Cantuariae dirationavit in curia mea terras suas de Ripple et Langedone^ cum omnibus illis pertinentibus contra Manasserum Arsie. Et vole et concede et firmiter prsecipio, ut a modo in perpetuum in dominio ecclesiae eas teneat, ita bene et honorifice sicut ipse abbas Hugo melius et bonorabilius et quietius tenet suas alias dominieas terras. Testibus episcopo Lincolniffl, et comite de MelL^ apud Windesoram in Pentecoste, in anno quo rex dedit filiam suam imperatori. Hoc dirationatum fuit apud Londoniam in Rogation ibus. [Abbot Faeitius. 1111.]^ [The king's writ in favour of the abbot concerning a hide of land, which Faritius is to hold in peace ; and if disseised thereof, he is to have possession again, as well as of anything taken away.] Hbneicus, rex Angliee, R. vicecomiti de Oxeneforda, et Rainero de Bathaj salutem. Preecipio quod Faritius abbas Abbandone ita bene et quiete teneat bidam terrse de Fencote, quam tenuit de Adelina de luri, cum omnibus rebus quse ad earn pertinent, sicut melius et > Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 362 (Rec. Com.). 2 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 73 (Reo. Com.). HENRY I. 109 quietius tenuit, et si inde dissaisitus est, resaisiatur, et bener]et in pace teneat; et si quid inde eaptum est, cito inde similiter resaisiatur; et inibi faeiat quod juste facere debet. Teste Nigello de Albinni : apud Wincestriam. [Abbot Faritius. About 1111.]^ [The king's writ directing the protection of Faritius in lands at Welgrave.] Heneictjs, rex Anglise, Roberto et Aluredo, ministris comitis de Mellent, de Wellegrave, salutem. Prsecipio vobis ut custodiatis omnes terras abbatis de Abbendona, quse circa vos sunt, et ne patiamini ut aliquis per vos, sive per alium, quicquam in eis forisfaceat ; et ad minus volo et praecipio, ut ipse ita bene, et quiete, et libere teneat prsedictas terras, sicuti erant solutae, et liberse, et quietse quando manerium de Uuellegrava erat in manu mea; et homines sui sint in pace et sine calumnia. Testibus Rannulfo cancellario et Johanne de Baiocis ; apud Niuueberiam. [Abbot Fauitius v. Hugh, Son of Tuestin. 1111?]' [The king's -writ directing the plaintiflF to do justice upon the defen- dant, if the latter fail to do the service pertaining to his land.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Faritio abbati de Abbendon salutem. Si Hugo filius Turstini noluerit facere servi- tium quod terrse suae tibi pertinet, in operatione 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 77 (Rec. Cora.). » lb. 90. 110 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. parcorum et pontiunij et de omnibus aliis rebus, tunc prsecipio ut tu ipse inde justitiam facias, ut omnia, quae facere debet, faciat. Teste canceUario ; apud Pontem Arcarum. [The King v. Hugh, Son op Toestin. 1111?]^ [The king's writ ordering payment of money dues to be made by the defendant, on penalty of distraint.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Hugoni filio Turstini, salutem. Prsecipio tibi ut ita geldas cum Faritio abbate de Abbendona, sicut geldare solebas, et ita ne amodo terra sua sit esnamiata pro terra tua super X. libras foris- facturam meam. Quod nisi eito feceris, Albricus de Berchescira te constringat per pecuniam tuam ut cito facias, et ita ne inde amplius clamorem audiam, super X. libras forisfacturae. Teste Roberto episcopo Lineolnise; apud Wlfruneliamtune. [Abbot of St. Augustine v. Aechdeacon op Canterbury. 1113.]^ [The king's writ directing a trial as to the rights of the parties in respect of cuatoms of priests of the abbey of St. Augustine.] Henricus, rex Anglorum, Radulpho EofFensi episcopo, ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 91 (Eec. Com.). ' Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 361 (Rec. Com.), HENRY I. Ill salutem. Tene plenum rectum inter abbatem de Sancto Augustino et inter archidiaconum de Cantuaria^ de saeerdotibus abbatise Sancti Augustini ; ut abbas ita juste babeat consuetudines suas de presbyteris suis, sicut ScoUandus abbas melius babuit. Teste Haimone dapifero, apud Westmonasterium. [Abbey of Abingdon. 1116?]^ [The king's writ commanding that the abbey be put again in seisin of certain lands.] Henricus, rex Angliae, Hugoni de Bocbelanda, salu- tem. Prseeipio tibi ut eas Abbendonam^ et de omnibus terris quas Modbertus dedit vel prsestitit, vel emit ab aliquo et dedit aliij resaisias ecclesiamj et juste facias babere sicut de Herberto camerarioj et Warino calvo, et Turstino, et Hugone, et omnibus aliiSj ita ne amplius inde pro recti penuria audiam clamorem. Testibus Willielmo cancellario et Rogero capeUano; apud Lundoniam. [Robert Malart v. Bricstan. 1116.]'' [Bricstan, a man of some means, having applied for admission into the order of monks at Thomey Abbey, the fact comes to the ears of Eobert Malart, with the following result : viz., Malart accuses him before the monks of crimes ; he is brought to trial before Ealph Basset (the justiciar), and abbots, clerks, and monks, and is convicted.] AtjditOj ut diximuSj rumore prsedicti yiri religionis 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 86 (Bee. Com.). ' 3 Ord. Vital. X25 (French Hist. Soc). 112 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. habitum arripere cupientis, magistri sui doetrinamj qui semper mentitur aut decipit, secutus, advenit ille Rod- bertus. Qui dicturus mendacium^ a mendacio incipiens, ait nobis : " Hunc hominem : Bricstan scilicet, furem esse, pecuniam regis propriam in latroeinio habere, celarcj et ut criminis hujus judicium et poenam evadere valeat, non causa ulterius salutis monacbatum quserere sciatis. Ipse namque thesaurum occultum invenit, ex quo furtim sublato fenerator effectus est. Tantorum itaque reus criminum latrocinii videlicet et usurse, prae- sentiae regis vel judicum metuit assistere. Quapropter hue ad vos ex regis imperio missus, interdico ne ilium in vestro collegio audeatis suscipere." Nos autem, audita regis defensione, timentes iram ejus incurrere, noluimus hunc hominem cestui nostro eonjungere. Quid plura ? Sub fidejussoribus missus, ducitur ad judicium. Radulfo autem Basso sedente pro tribunali, congregatis etiam provincialibus universis apud Hunte- doniam (ut mos est in Anglia^), ego ipse Herveus, cum abbatibus Eainaldo Ramesiensi, et Rodberto Tornensi, necnon clericis pluribus et monachis interfui. Et ne vos longius protraham, accusatus iUe cum uxore prsesen- tatur ; crimena sibi falso imposita renovantur. Ille non acta negabat, quod non fecerat confiteri nequibat. E contra, de mendacio arguitur, deridetur ; erat enim aliquantulum corpulentus, mediocris personse, et hones- tam (ut ita dicam) cheriem habebat. Post multas vero illatas sibi sine merito contumelias, velut Susannam prsBJudicaverunt ipsum, cum omni omnino possessione ditioni regis tradendum. ' The author of this record was Warin, abbot of St. Evroult in Normandy, from whom Orderic quotes it. HENKY I. 113 [Chuuch at Abingdon it. The King's Collectoes. 1119.]' [Lands in Berkshire adjudged not subjegt to tax ; a man of the church making oath at a connty court concerning the freedom of the land.] Anno III. post obitum Faritii abbatisj cum adhuc abbatia bsec in attentione abbatis fuisset, et a considera- tione regia ad id adipiscendum, dominium eeclesiffl erat quietum a geldis quee exigebantur in eomitatu universe. Sed tamen in eomitatu Berchescira a eollectoribus amplius exigebatur quam debebatur de gildatione ecelesiEB contingenti ; et hoc frequenter. Unde elamore apud regiam justitiam facto, decretum est, ut aliquis de ecelesise affidaret fide in eomitatu prsedicto quot bidis dominicis ecclesia deberet quietari, scilicet per episcopum SalesberiensemRogerumj et per Lincolniensem Robertum, et Eannulfum cancellarium, qui nominatim multum adjuvit inde, et Radulfum Basset. Itaque sedente eomitatu apud Suttunam, et Willelmo de Bocbelande vicecomite existente^ die lunse post festum Sancti Martini proximo, Rogerus de Hartelvilla, homo ecclesiae, pro ecclesia affidavit fidem in manu ipsius vicecomitis, vidente toto eomitatu^ quod de septies XX. hidis de dominio deberet abbatia in Bercheseira esse quieta, quando gildaretur. Tunc erat collector comitatus Md- uuinus presbyter de Celsi, et Samuel filius ejus. Ibi fuerunt de nostris, Kobertus sacrista, et Willelmus BritOj et alter Willelmus monachus, et Willelmus de Suvecurda, et Turstinus, et Radulfus caraerarius, et multi alii. > 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 160 (Eec. Com.). 114 PLA.CITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. [MODBEET V. PkIOE AND MONKS OTS BaTH. 1121.]' [The plaintiff claims certain land at Bath, as the adopted heir of G. late owner, and has a writ of seisin. The defendants on the other hand affirm that G. held for life nuder themselres, and surrendered to them the land in his last sickness, and produce witnesses. A charter is also introduced in evidence by the de- fendants. The court being mnch diTided in opinion, the oldest and most skilled in the law are requested to retire and decide the matter. Their decision is that the plaintiff must produce two witnesses from the defendants' church, or a genuine charter. The plaintiff is silent, and judgment is given for the defendants ; the court being composed of bishops, archdeacons, clerks, chaplains, and others.] De terra Grants in Stocha north. Mense Junio in crastino festivitatis apostolorum Petri et Pauli, residente in curia sua Bathse Johanne episcopo, cum amicis et baronibus, qui simul ad diem festum aderant, delatse sunt ei litterae cum sigillo regio : quarum forma hsec : Willelmus filius regis, Johanni episcopo de Batba salutem. Praecipio ut saisias Modbertum juste de terra quam tenuit Grenta de Stoca^ sicut hsereditavit eum in vita sua. Teste episcopo Selesberiensi. Lectis litteris, episcopus dixit. Sicuti per has mihi litteras a filio Domini mei mandatum est fieri, si tamen justum est acquiesce. Vos autem, vos amici mei et Domini, qui propter apostolicum diem solenniter huic adestis curiae, quid in hoc justius sit discutere precor dignemini. Ad hsec domnus prior, habito cum fratribus consilio, data diligenter ab omnibus audientia, sic locutus est : Quo- niam quidem nonnisi juste aliquid hie fieri neque rex neque regis filius praecipit, et vobis tanquam viris bonis et juris peritis utrum justum sit quod prsecipitur discutere committitur, quomodo se rei Veritas habeat manifestius videbitis, si me breviter locuturum patienter > Mad. Hist. Exoh. 75 (fdl. ed.). HENRY I. 115 audire velitis. Constat quidem quod terra hsec de qua nobis hie sermo oritur^ a diebus antiquis hujus sanctse domus Domini fratribus in usus proprios et possessio- nem liberam data, nuUius unquam mutatione regis, episeopi, vel abbatis, in jus militare transiit. Quod ipse Grenta de cujus baereditate nunc agitur moriens etiam non tacuit. Nam cum, nobis prsesentibus, domui suae disponeret, et rei peculiaris partes nominatim divideret, seereto monitus a domestieis ut testamentum faciens publice sibi hseredem substitueret. Ait, Heee est hsere- ditas servorum Domini; quam vice stipendii non hsereditatis lege quoad viverem tenere permissus, ipsum me cum terra, fratribus quibus id juris est, nunc moriens relinquo. Hoc est quod fecit testamentum : et hsec verba illius novissima. Post quae vexatus per dies aliquot, monachus diem obiit. Prsesentes hie etiam quosdam video, quos omnibus his interfuisse simul et audisse gratissimum habeo. Surgentes ilico testes quidam legitimi stantes in medio constanter asserebant, se modis omnibus probaturos, eum ne uno quidem verbo veritatis prseterisse vestigia. Carta nichilominus dona- tionis antiques mox lecta est ; quam Kenulfus rex Saxonum scribi praecepit et manu propria signavit, consentientibus et annuentibus archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, et omnium dignitatum primatibus ac ministris. Et ut ibi legebatur, eandem cartam signo crucis notantes imprecati sunt in ilium iram furoris Domini, quicunque tam liberale christianissimi regis donativum quocunque deteriorationis genere pervertere preesumpsisset in aeternum. Lectis igitur et expositis quae carta continere videbatur, ratiocinationis jam dictse Veritas solidata est; aliis bona laudantibus, aliis ex adverse tumultuantibus ; illo prajcipue occlamante, qui I 2 116 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. se non minus procaciter quam mondaciter hsredem contendebat esse ; justissime ; quippe qui filiam defuncti conjugem habuerit; adoptatus ab ejusdem patre dum viveret in filium ; patrem vero non stipen- diarie, ut oppositum est, sed libere potius et hsereditarie terram de qua questio erat temiisse. Cunque diutius variis ab alterutrum eontradictionibus causa protende- retur, dixit episcopus. Quia dies preeterit, et ad nos alia spectant negotia, placet ut vos quos nee advocates nee partium fautores esse cognovimus causam diligenter perpendentes quo termino sopiri debeat judicetis. Sece- dentes igitur a turba qui majores natu qui juris peritiores esse videbantur^ singula juxta quod audierant subtiliter et discrete pensantes causam dijudicaverunt. Quibus iterum introgressis^ sic unius ore pro omnibus relatum est. Considerantes, inquit, totam hujus causa circumstantiam hoc difEnientes statuimus, nt bseredem jure qui se nominat id quod in assertionem suae eausse paulo ante de'clamavit, testibus ad minus duobus de ecclesiaB familia liberis et legitimis hodie nominatis et octavo productis, vel cyrographo credibiliter signato, irrefragabiliter probet. At in utroque si defecerit, ne quidem audiatur in reliquum. Respondentibus ad hse omnibus dignum et justum esse^ calumpniator obticuit. A curia discessum est. Acta sunt hsec anno Domini MCXXI. ; prsesentibus et quod justum est approban- tibus ej)iscopis duobus, Johanne Batbensi et Mauricio Hiberniensi; cum arcbidiaconis tribus, Jobele Salesbe- riensij et Girberto Bathensi, et Araldo, cum clericis pluribus et eapellanis ; Atselino Hosato, Girberto Rufo, Radulfo Laudunij Henrico de Lidiard, Eodberto de Betuna ; horum testes sunt, Patricius de Caurz, Hubertus de Sancta Susanna, Winebaldus de Baalun, HENEY I. 117 Alexander de Alnoth, Reinaldus de Dunstanvilla, Gif- fardus de Salforda, Helias de Deingt.^ Thomas de BaeuTiil,, Rcdbertusj Rogerus de La mare^ Willelmus dapifei-j item Willelmus. [The king's writ of ooniirmatioD.] Henricus rex Anglorum, episcopo de Batha salutem. PrEeeipio quod monachi de Batha ita bene et in pace et juste et honorifice teneant terram suam de Stoca^ quam Grenta tenuit, sicut dirrationaverunt eam contra Mod- bertum per judicium curiae tuse, ne super hoe amplius inde clamorem audiam. Et nisi feeerisj Warinus vice- comes et Durandus de Moiun faciant fieri. Teste episcopo Salisberiensi, apud Westmonasterium. [Another writ to the same effect by king Stephen. ] Stephanus rex Anglorum^ Rodberto episcopo Bathonise salutem. Prsscipio quod monachi de Bathonia ita bene et in pace et juste et honorifice teneant terram suam de Stocha^ quam Grenta tenuit, sicut eam disrationaverunt contra Modbertum, per judicium curiee Johannis epis- copi ; ne super hac uUa fiat eis inde disturbatio, Et nisi feceris, justitia mea faciat. Teste Rodberto de Ver, apud Goldintonam. [Monks op Dueham v. Monks op Yoek. 1121.]' [The plaintiffs, by the testimony of a certain witness, recover a church of which they had been unlawfully disseised by one under whom the defendants claim ; the trial occurring before many great men.] Monachi Dunelmenses facta de ecclesia quae est in ' 1 Twysden's Soriptores, 243 (Simeon of Durham). ilj5 PLACITA ANGLO-SORMAXXICJl. TjTiemutlia proclamatione in capitulo Sancti Petn Eboraei praesentibus episeopis Turstino praedicto, Baimlfo Dunelmensi et Homo Sancti Ebroini aliisque mnltis, banc sni juris ftiisse eonqnesd sunt ex concessione Waltheofi comitisj quando consobrinum snunij scLlieet materterae sose filinm, Markarum puenmi pamiluni eis nutriendum Deo in Gyrwensi monasterio contradedit. . . . Postremo enm Albrins honorem comitatus suscepisset, ipse quoqae nobis in Dunelmum translatis, enndem locum donavit. Unde mox ex eapituli totius sententia monacbus noster Turebillus illuc mittitur, qui rencvato ecclesiae ipsius culmine, per multum tempus babitavit ibidem, donee postea a Rodberto de Mulbreio eomite, propter odium quod contra episcopum Willielmum habuerat, per ministros ipsius comitis Gumeram et Kodbertum Taoa \'iolenter expelleretur. Xon multo post abbas monasterii Sancti Albani Paulus praedictam ecelesiam a eomite impetravit, quam visums cum venisset Eboracum, Turgotus qui tunc Duuehnensis ecclesiw prioratum gerebat, missis illuc monaebis et clericis, in pnesentia archiepiseopi Thoms senioris, multarumque magnae reverentia personarum, canoniea ilium auetoritate prohibuit, ne locum juris eeelesia? Dunelmensis sibi usurparet, et sic sacrorum canonum et fraterDEe caritatis violator existeret. At iUe indigna respondens, illud prohibitum niebiU pendit. Sed cum illo perveuisset, correptus infirmitate, dum rediretj non longe ab Eboraeo in Seterintuu vitam terminavit. Taliter ecelesiam de Tinemutba aniisimus. Hffic querimonia facta Eboraei media ferme Quadrage- sima, replicatur paulo post in ebdomada Pascbali feria IV. idus Aprilis Dunelmi coram magno eonventu principalium vironim, qui tunc forte propter negotia UENIIY I. 119 quu'd.im illuc confluxcrunt, sciliect RoJbertus do Biys, Alanus do Perceio, "Wallorus Espec, Forno filius Sig., Rodburtus do Wituila, Odardus vicecomes Northymbren- sium (!um majoribus cjusdem comitatus, aliisque quam- plurcs. Coram horum frequentia cum suas monaolii depromorcnt (luorelaSj ecco Ilavnoldus de Perceio, vir gencre ct divitiis notus, et in verilute asserenda <'onsians,exurgons, in testimonium veritatis afllrmabat coram omnibus, et audisse se et vidisse comitis poeni- tentiam sujier banc injuriam (juam Sancto Cutbberto' violcntcr i i rogaverat. Cum, incjuit, captus comes in loco (picm Sancto Cutbberto abstulerat, propter inflicta sibi vulnora in I'erotro delatus esset Dunelmum, rogavit ut sibi liccret ad orandum ecclesiam intrare. Quod cum sibi a baronibus non pcrmitterotur, in lacrimas resolndis, et ad ecclesiam rcspieicns cum gemitu, ait, " SiiiK'te Cutliborte, juste lias calamitates patior, quia n to et in tuos peccavi. ILvc est tua super meam vitaa iio(|uitiam vindicta. Precor te Sancto Dei miserere moi." His auditis, omnes injuste actum esse contra Dunclmonscm occlcsi;\m diccbant : et licet res in {)ni>sonti corrigi nequiverit, tamen prudonter banc calumpniam pro futuro tempore coram tot virorum frequentia lactam asscrobant. [Monks of St. Stephen v. The King's Tenants. 1122.] = [Tlio plaintiffs allogo that tlio dofondanta havo unlawfully ooonpiod oiTtiiiu of tliuir lauda. Tho king orders the question to bo de- ' At Durham. ' 2 Palgrave, Connnonwoallh, 183. 120 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. cided by four neighbquriug towns. Seven hundreds assembled before Warm, sheriff. Sixteen men sworn to make true aflrmation on inquisition, affirm that the land has always been, and ought to be appurtenant to B., as claimed by the plaintiffs.] Anno millesimo eentessimo vicessimo secundo ab incarna- tione Domini. Henricus rex Anglorum praecepit ut querela monachorum Sancti Stephani Cadomi, quam f aciebant de terra, quse pertinet ad Bridetonam,' quam homines regis de Brideport prseripuerantj et auxilio ministrorum regis potiti diu tenuerantj sub examinatione judicum discu- taretur ; ita quidem ut finis totius queestionis in affirma- tione virorum de quatuor partibus vicinitatis illius villae ponaretur. Quod sepe dilatum, tandem ut fi.eretj in- stabat regis jussio. Die igitur statuto, ealumpnia mo- nachorum audita est coram septem hundredis qui con- venerant super eandem terram^ ex circumjacentibus et procul remotis villis, prsesente Guarino vicecomite de Dorseta et Sumerseta cujus tenendum super hac re speciahter injunctum erat, et secundum regis definitionem juratum est. Nam sexdecim homines^ tres videlicet de Brideport et tres de Bridetona et decern de vicinis, jura- verunt se veram affirmationem facturos de inqiiisitione terrse illius. Qui, facta inquisitione, cujus rectius debeat esse afBrmabantj juxta fidem j uramenti, praedictam terram antiquitus adjacere ad Bridetonam. Et cujus fuerit Bridetona, ejus debere esset et terra ilia. Quorum assertioni euncti adquiescentes ; Dei gratia, Sanctique Stephani meritis, sua jura conquserentibus adjudicabant, restituetidamque ten-am illam ad Bridetonam, et mo- uachis ilico tradendam. Sicque eodem die factum est. . . . Nomina vero illorum qui juraverunt, hsec sunt. Willielmus de Uer, Ranaldus Postel, Rualdus de Esterta, ' Granted to the abbc}' by the Conqueror. HENRY I. 121 Rieardus filius Livingi, Ailwardi de Denecahairij Ed- wardus Chingenot^ Saricus de Berewicia, Ail ward as de Bridia, Levericus Burdelin, Alwinus Bacon, qui erat prseposituSj Edwinus filius Sarici de Brideport, Alvricus filius Sideflet, Tedwi de Brideport, Torgotus de Bride- tona, Saricus de Bridetona, Alwinus filius Ouwini de Bridetona. [Abbot Vincent v. Ralph Basset. 1124 ?]' [The king's writ directing the defendant to permit the plaintiff to hold Ms court at Oxford, and directing an inquisition as to the plaintiff's rights in respect of his court.] HenuictjSj rex Anglise, Radulfo Basset^ salutem. Prae- cipio quod facias habere Vincentio abbati Abbendonse curiam suam in Oxeneford, ita bene et plenarie sicut unquam ipsa ecclesia Abbendonse, vel aliquis anteces- sorum suorum, melius^ et plenarius, et honorificentius habuit. Et homines sui non placitent extra curiam suam, nisi abbas prius defecerit de recto in curia sua, et sicut poteris inquirere per legales homines de Oxeneford quod habere debeat curiam suam. Teste cancellario : apud Uudestoca. [Abbot Hugh. 1132.]' [The king's writ confirming a judgment concerning rents and oua- tomg, which judgment had been rendered in the time of William II. by three counties.] Heneicus, rex Anglorum, Haimoni dapifero, salutem. 1 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 165 (Reo. Com.). 2 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 364 (Eec. Com.). 122 PLACITA ANGLO-NOllMANNICA. Prgecipio ut facias, quod Sanctus Augustinus et Hugo abbas ita bene et honorifice et plenitudinarie habeat omnes redditus et eonsuetudines suas de Batbgorz, et inter caetera nominatim ecclesiam de Newingtone, sicut judicatum fuit tempore fratris mei in tribus comitatibus apud Suthwercam ; quia volo ut sua omnia cum honore teneat. Et vide ne amplius inde clamorem audiam propter penuriam justitiae. Teste Willelmo episcopo Exoniae, apud Northamptone. CASES OF THIS REIGN OF LESS CERTAIN DATE. [Abbot GAusruiD and the Abbot of Maemotjtiee. Ecclesiastical.] ' [The abbot of Marmoutier seeks to subject the abbot of Battel to hia jurisdiction. The former goes to the king privately with his case, but the king refuses to act without counsel. Gausfrid, hearing of the attempt, seeks to dissuade the king from any such act (to which he seemed disposed) ; and the king calls a council. The council requires the abbot of Marmoutier to produce deeds. The latter replies that he has none ; that the king's word of mouth is suflScient ; but this was denied by the council, at least if the donation were not proved by witnesses.] Gloeiosi igitur regis Henrici virtutis ac magnifieentias fama longe lateque percrebrescente, inter quamplures ipsius curiae appetitores tunc temporis rege in Paschale solennitate apud Wintoniam coronato, de transmarinis partibus venerabilis Majoris Monasterii abbas Willelmus honorifice advenit, banc maxime ob eausam ut quoquo 1 Chron. Mon. de Bello, 49 (Aug. Chris. Soc). HENRY I. 123 paeto hane de qua agitur ecelesiam de Bello sibi subju- gando aneillaret. Is itaque a regia gratanter magnifi- centia exceptus, post dies tandem solennes adventus sui causam regi per internuntios sagaciter suggerere curavit. Rege itaque immodiee ejus votis pro sui reverentia et ob id quam maxime quod de tam remotis partibus ultro suam expetisset curiam^ favere conante^ bine tamen absque eonsilio nil definiri deliberavit. AfFuit igitur et tune inter reliquos regni primores in euria^ uti regiae aulse secretis non exclusus, memoratus vir dominus Gausfridus, Bellensis eeclesise procurator. Qui dum hsee forte reseisset, caiisse non segniter per se perque suffi fautores prudentias intendenSj bine regis penitus animum provide perstitit avertere. Cum ergo bac de re abbatis ejusdem legationem rex excepisset, dieentis a patre ipsius rege Willelmo Belli monasterium in subjec- tionis dominium Majori Monasterio ab initio fundationis illius eollatum, confirm ationis munimenta bine ab ipso provide regii exigebant eonsiliarii. Ad hseo cum abbas^ tanti viri donum verbotenus eollatum absque arbitro posse sufficere, nee super boc quodlibet confirmationis edictum quemquam h^ctenus qusesisse, quia nee necessa- riura fore putabantfaSErueret ; responsum est, non fore ratum posse donationem tantee rei ubi scilicet et liberalis auctoritas dignitatum necnon et regise coronse extabat signum, si non aut cartarum aut certe testium viva voce probata roboraretur. Hae igitur ratione tan- dem cassata' exactoris sollicitudine, bine spes effectus excluditur. ' ceasata. 124 PLACITA ASG-iO-NOEMANNIOA. [Abbot Richard v. Bishop RANtrLP.]* [The king's writ confirming a judgment obtained by tbe plaintiff aa to the manor of Haddam, in the king's court, before the king and his barons.] Heneicus rex Anglorum Mauricio Lundoniensi episcopo, et Hugoni de Boclielande viceeomiti de Herefordsyra^ et omnibus fidelibus suis tarn clericis quam laicis salutem. Sciatis Ricardum abbatem de Ely diratiocinasse adversus Rannulfum Dunholmensem episeopum manerium de Haddam in curia mea apud Rumesi coram me et baroni- bus meis, ad dominium Sancti Petri et beatse virginis Dei ^deldredae de Ely, ct fratrum monachorum ibidem Deo famulantium. Volo igitur et praecipio ut ipsa abbatia de Ely teneat et liabeat in dominio illud prsedic- tum manerium de Haddam quiete et absque omni ca- lumpnia amode et usque in sempiternumj testibus sub- scriptis Radulfo episcopo Lincolnise, et Willelmo Giffardo episcopo Wintonise, et Jobanne episcopo Baduse, et Radulfo episcopo Cicestrise, et alii plures quos enarrare longum est. [Abbot Faritius v. Hugh op Bocland et al.]' [The king's writ directing observance of customs of the plaintiff in the Thames.] Henkicus, rex Anglise, Hugoni de Bocbelanda, et Wil- lielmo de Oxeneford viceeomiti, salutem. Prsecipio vobis ut faciatis Faritio abbati de Abbendona, et omni- 1 Liber Eliensis, 298 (Ang. Chris. Soc). 2 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd.95 (Eeo. Com.). HENRY I. 125 tus monachis Abbendonise^ habere omnes consuetudines in omnibus rebus, quas habere debent, per aquam Tami- sisBj ubicumque habere debent. Et ita ne pro penuria justitise vestrse ipsa eeclesia vel monachi quicquam perdant, super X. libras forisfaeturse. Teste Rogero Bigot. Per Ared faleonarium. [Abbot Htjgh.]^ [The king's writ granting a market, with right of forfeiture and pleas.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, Eadulpho Cantuarise archiepis- copo et Willelmo de Hammesford vicecomitij et omnibus baronibus et fidelibus suis de Kent, salutem. Coneedo Deo et Sancto Augustino Cantuarise, et Hugoni abbati et omnibus successoribus suis habere mercatum in in- sula de Thanet. Et homines illuc venientes et redeuntes omnes tirmam pacem meam habeant, ne aliquis eos dis- turbet neque injuriam vel contumeliam faciat. Et ita habeat abbas in pace, et quiete, et honorifice mercatum ipsum cum omnibus consuetudinibus, et forisfactis, et placitis suis, sicut habet aliquam terram vel rem Sancti Augustini melius et quietius et honorificentius. Testibus Eogero episcopo Sarum, et Ranulpho caneellario, et Ni- gello de Albini, apud Westmonasterium. 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 365 (.Eec. Com.). 1-26 placita anglo-noemannica. [Monks op Gloucestee.]' [The king's writ exempting the monks of Gloucester from toll, customs, and passage.] Heneicus, rex Anglise^ omnibus vicecomitibus et minis- tris totius Anglite, salutem. Praecipio quod proprii homines monachorum de Gloueestria, et victus, et corre- dium, et res ubicunque emerint et vendiderint ad opus suum proprium, sint quieti ab omni theloneo, et eonsue- tudine, et passagio. Et prohibeo ne aliquis eos disturbet super decem libras forisfacturae. Teste Rann. cancel- lario apud Cirecestram. [Monks of Gloucester.] - [A similar writ.] Henrictjs, rex Angliae, Waltero de Bellocampo, et ministris suis, Francis et Anglis, de Wyreeestresira, salutem. Praecipio quod omnes res monachorum Glou- cestriEe, et eoria, et tannum, et naves^ et quiequid eme- rint vel duxerint, quse eorum homines possunt affidare esse sua domiuicaj sint quieta ab omni theloneo, et omni consuetudine. Et defendo super decem libras forisfac- turae ne aliquis eos disturbet. Teste Waltero Gloucestrise apud Gloucestriam. 1 2 Chron. Mon. Glouo. 132 (Rec. Com.). 2 lb. 134. HENJiy I. 127 [Abbot of Westminster v. Certain Men.]' [The king's writ of trespass (P) for breaking the church at Win- chester.] HBNKictrs rex Anglise, Eicardo episcopo de Lundonia salutem. Mando tibi ut facias plenum rectum abbati Westm^onasteriij de hominibus qui fregerunt ecclesiam suam de Wintonia noctu et armis. Et nisi feceris, barones mei de Scaecario faciant fieri, ne audiam clamo- rem inde pro penuria recti. T. &c. [Names not given.] Ohserve that the Bzchequer is referred to as a court of trial. See also ante, p. 100. [Abbot op Westminster.]'^ [The king's writ confirming grant of land.] Henrictjs rex Anglorum, Willelmo constabulario de Cestria salutem. Prsecipio quod abbas de Westmonas- terio et monachi teneant terram suam de Peritona, quam pater tuus pro anima uxoris suse ecclesis3 dedit in ele- mosinam, ita bene et honorifice, et libere et juste, et quiete de scutagio et omnibus secularibus consuetudinibus, sicut pater tuus primitus ipsi ecclesise dedit et concessit, et sicut ipsi postea melius tenuerunt et tempore Hugonis comitis de Cestria. Et super hoc nullus forisfaciat eis vel rebus suis quicquam. Et si super hoc quicquam de suo injuste captum est reddatur, ne audiam inde clamorem. Et nisi feceris, Ricardus Basset faciat fieri. Teste eodem Ricardo Basset apud Udestok. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. 141 (fol. ed,). ' lb. 435. 128 PLACITA ANGtLO-NORMANNICA. [Abbot of Gloucester v. Walter, Son of Wisceo.]^ [The king's writ commanding that the plaintiff be put in seisin of lands of which he had been disseised by the defendant.] Henricus, rex Anglomm, Waltero filio Wisceonis, salutem. Preecipio quod juste et plene resaisyas abbatem et monacbos Gloucestrise de terris et ecclesiis et decimis et omnibus rebus quas pater tuus eis dedit in elemosi- nam, unde ipsi sunt injuste et sine judieio dissaysiti ; et bene, et in pace, et juste et honorifice teneant, sieut ipsi boc dirationare poterint per suos legales testes quod pater tuus eas eis in elemosinam dedit ; et nisi feceris, episcopus Sancti David faciat ne ipsi quiequam perdant pro penuria recti vel justitiae, neque ego amplius inde clamorem audiam. Teste P. filio Johannis apud Oxoniam. This writ is interesting as a prototype of the fixed form of the writ of novel disseisin, given by Glanvill. Lib. 13, c. 33. See also Abbot of Gloucester i'. William, the Constable, infra, p. 130. [Same Parties.]^ [The king's writ of execution (?) issued upon judgment against the defendant in the case swpra.^ Henricus rex Anglorum Bernardo episeopo Sancti David, salutem. Mando tibi et prsecipio quod praecipias Waltero filio Wisceonis ut plene et juste reddat ecelesiee Santi Petri Gloucestrise et abbati et monacbis elemosinas suas de Dugledin et de alia terra Wisceonis quas ipsi juste babere debent, et quas pater Walteri eis dedit et con- cessit concessu antecessoris tui, ne super boc tu aliquam injuriam amplius inde eis facias, nee fieri permittas. Teste cancellario apud Westmonasterium. ' 1 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 264 (Eec, Com.). ' lb. HBNUY I. 129 [_Alias writ of execution (P).]' Henrieus, rex AngloruHij episcopo Sancti David, salu- tem. Prascipio quod mouaclii Gloucestrise habeant saysi- nam suam de ecclesia sua de Dugledi et omnibus ejus pertinentiis ita bene et in pace sicut inde habent cartam prsedecessoris tui de concessione tua, et sicut earn ante transfretationem meam prsecepto meo et judicio sinodi tuffl dirationaveriint ; et sicut hoc postea per ipsam syno- dum recognitum fuit quod ea ita dirationaverant. Et super hoc non placitent amplius. Teste Milone Glou- cestrise apud Argentum. [The matter was settled by the following grant from Walter ; — ] Sciant prsesentes et futuri, totius Sanctse Ecclesise filii, quatinus Walterius filius Wytsonis reddidit et con- cessit Deo et Sancto Petro abbati et conventui de Glou- cestria ecclesiam castelli Wytsonis de Dugledin, et omnes ecclesias et capellas terrse suae, decimas et bene- ficia, et terras et totam donationem plenarie quam pater suus Wytso prEedictee ecelesiae donavit. Ista redditio et concessio fuit facta in prassentia episcopi Bernard! de Sancto David. Hiis testibus, etc. [Names not given.] [Chuiich of St. Peteb of Glotjcestee v. Milo et al.]' [The king's writ forbidding the defendants to enter certain pasture land given to the church of St. Peter.] Henkicus, rex Anglise, Miloni Gloucestrise, et G. de Abithot, et Hugoni villano, et forestario de Malvernio, salutem. Prascipio non intromittatis vos de bosco de Wyvelrugge et de Corswelle, quod est Sancti Petri Gloucestrise, quia ilium dedi monachis Gloucestrise in elempsinam, etc' 1 1 Chron. Men. Glouc. 265 (Ree. Com.). ^ n,. 268. ^ g;;,. K i'io placita anglo-normannica. [Abbot op Gloucester v. William^ the Constable.]' [The king's writ commanding the defendant to put the plaintiff in seisin of certain land, if the latter has unlawfully disseised the plaintiff.] Henkicxjs, rex Anglise, Willelmo constabularioj salutem. Si sine judicio dissaysisti abbatem Gloucestrise de Coleby- quod pater tuus dederat monachis Gloucestrise in ele- mosinam, tunc prsecipio quod eum juste inde resaysias, et teneat ita bene sicut tenuit die qua pater tuus fuit vivus et mortuus, ita ne super hoe amplius ei injuriam facias, ne sine juste judicio dissaysias. Et siquis versus eum inde quid clamaverit, abbas non perdat in curiam suam injuste. Et nisi feceris justitia mea et vicecomes faciant. Teste^ etc. [Names not given.] Observe the approach of the above to the fixed writ of novel dis- seisin of Glanvill and later times. Glanv. Lib. 13, o. 33 ; supra, p. 128. [Church op Abingdon i'. Willlam.] ^ [One William, by a writ of the king, obtains seisin of a mill claimed by the church at Abingdon ; but afterwards on complaint of the church the mill is restored by the king.] Post obitum vero abbatis Faritii couquestus est idem Willelmus regi, tunc in Normannia posito, de supradicto molendino/ quia videlicet vi potestatis prsedicti abbatis, potius quam suse proprise voluntatis, ecclesia habeat. Quare regis mandate saisitus est inde. Sed postea, legatione monacborum per Walterum capellanum Wil- lelmi de Bocbelande, veritatem rex cognoscens, prscepit resaisiare ecelesiam. > 1 Chron. Men. Glouo. 242 (Eeo. Com.). 2 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 123 (Reo. Com.). » A mill at Langford, given by William to the church. IIENUY I. 131 [Abbot Taeitius v. Egilwin^ Son op Godeic] ' [The plaintifiF recovers judgment in liis own court in respect of land of which the defendant had fraudulently disseised him.] Egilwinus filius Godriei de Celvesgrave celavit abbati Faritio quantum terrse habebat. Dicebat enim nonnisi XII. acras in eampo se habere, sicut ei in conventione factum fuerat in eapitulo monachorum. Sed ipse abbas, inquisitione eerta de hoc facta, invenit aliter istud se habere, et multo amplius terrse ilium cum prsedictis XII. acris tenuisse; unde judieatum est pro hoc forisfacto, in curia ejusdem abbatis, ut prsedictus vir singulis annis VI. sextarios mellis redderet, sicut antea duos reddiderat, et CEetera servitia sicut antea feeerat monachorum usui persolveret. [Eemenold v. Abbot Faeitius.]^ [Abbot Faritiug makes distraint upon Brmenold for non-payment of rent. The latter replevies his property, with pledges. The re- plevin suit coming on, the abbot obtains judgment by default, and the matter is compromised, the sureties being friends of the abbot. The case is tried in the house of Ermenold, before the archdeacon of Oxford and Richard of S. (the sureties) and many others.] Ekmenold burgensis de Oxeneford tenebat de abbate Faritio wicam quse est juxta pontem Oxeneford pro XL. solidis ad gablum; et contigit ut gablum detineret anno uno. Quare abbas sequenti anno, messis tempore, quicquid pecuniBe desuper terram illam invenire poterat namari jussit, et terram prohiberi. At ipse Ermenoldus pro se Walterum, archidiaconum de Oxeneford, et 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 139 (Reo. Com.). 2 lb. 140. K 2 182. PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. Ricardum de Stanlaehe abbati transmisit^ et pecuniam suam eorumdem plegio recepitj die statute placitandi et plegio quietandi. Dies postea statutus venit, nee plaeitor, nee plegius quietandus affuit. Unde abbas prsedietos plegios ascites movit de habita re qusestionein. Et quia in amore familiares ei erant, eorum internuntio mediante, inter se et ipsum Ermenoldum actum est ut iste vir misericordiam abbatis qusereret, et hoe de suis rebus abbati et ecclesiee Abbendonise concederet, ut quicquid teriEB babebat sua procuratione in burgo et de foris burgo, sive sibi proprise sive in vadem positae, nee tamen esset regis, baronis, aut episcopi, totum simul ecclesia haberet. Creditores ' autem terrae, si possent ab abbate suam terram ex vadimonio quietare, reciperent earn ; sin vero, abbati et monachis permauerent.' At vero abbas eidem viro concessit, ut si vellet monacbus fieri, monachum in Abbendona eum faeeret. Quod si mallet in villa Abben- donise laicus degere, bospitium ei procuraretur conveniens, et victus unius monachi et unius servientis sibi daretur. Hoc factum est in domo prisdicta Ermenoldi, sua con- juge et fillo sue Willelmo annuente, coram prsedicto Waltero, et Ricardo de Stanlac, et multis aliis. Sed et postea in Portmannimot ostensum et concessum eodem modo et eadem conventione est. [Abbot Vincent.] ' [The abbot of Abingdon obtains restoration from the king of the hundred of Hormer, with right of market there, of both of which Dobitores P ^ permaneret ? 3 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 163 (Reo. Com.). HBNUY I. 133 lie had been disseised by judgment of court ; the case being de- cided by the king's justiciars and barons.] In diebus hujus patris' quidam maligni abeuntes ad regem adulando suaserunt ei ut hundredum de Horni- mere huie eeclesiae abriperet^ simul et mercatum hujus villse interdiceret ; affirmantes suis' mendaciis quod nunquam abbas hujus loci in propria potestate illud habuerit, vel mercatum antiquitus in hac villa extiterit. Quorum adulationibus rex commotus, quibusdam justi- cioribus suis prsBcepit qusestionem inde movere. Qui priusquam rem sicut erat indagarent, totam abbatiam in forisfactum regis posuerunt. Quod cernens vir pru- dentissimusj tam ssevee tempestati se viriliter objiciens, regem adiitj privilegium regis Eaduuardi protulit, et ut cunctis legeretur rogavit. Quod cum, rege jubente, Rogerus Salesberiensis episcopus recitasset, coepit rex ab indignatione animum revocare, lenius cum abbati loqui. At ille favore baronum eircum assistentium fultus (diligebatur enim ab omnibus, eo quod esset raunificus et largus), postulabat regem ut illud suo privilegio et ipse confirmaret et sigillo muniret; promittens ei trecentas marcas argenti se daturum^ si deincepSj sic haetenus, liceret sibi quiete et sine querela in propria illud potestate habere. Cujus precibus rex annuenSj jussit quae peteba- tur sine dilatione fieri. Sed et de mercatu villae jussit similiter voluntatem abbatis fieri^ muniens ea quae scribi praecepit suo sigillo. [The following are the grants of confirmation : — ] Henricus, rex Anglorum, episeopo Salesberiae et viee- eomitij et justiciariis, et omnibus baronibus et fidelibus suis; Francis et Anglis, de Berchesciraj salutem. Seiatis me concessisse Deo et eeclesiae Sanctse Marise Abben- ' Abbot Vincent. 134 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. donise, et abbati Vincentio, et omnibus abbatibus succes- soribus suis^ et monacbis ibidem Deo servientibus, hundredum de Hornimeraj jure perpetuo tenendum et habendum eis et omnibus successoribus suis^, in legitima et liberrima potestate sua et justitia, sicut Eaduuardus rex Anglorum dedit et concessit prsedietse ecclesise, et per cartam suam confirmavitj quam coram me et baronibus meis leetam esse testificor ; et sicut pater mens Willelmus rex dona Eadwardi regis per cartam suam concessit et corroboravit. Et volo et firmiter prsecipio, ut abbas et monachi prsesentes et futuri prsedictum bundredum in pace, et quietCj et honorifiee teneant, cum omnibus con- suetudinibus et quietationibus suis^ cum quibus melius et honorabilius tenuerunt tempore praedictorum regum; scilicet, quod nullus vicecomes vel eorum ministri inde se quicquam intromittant, sed ipsi libere justitiam suam habeant ac faciant. Testibus, Rogero episcopo Sares- berise, Alexandre episcopo Lincolnia?, et Gaufrido can- cellario, Uoberto de Sigillo, et Nigello nepote episeopi, et Willelmo de Albineio, et Roberto de Oili, et Eadulfo Basset, et Gaufrido de Clinton, et Willelmo de Ponte, et Milone de Cloecestria, et Albrico de Ver, et Willelmo de Albineio Britoncj et Rieardo Basset; apud Lundoniam. Henricus, rex Anglisej episcopo Salesberiae, et vice- comiti, et justiciariis, et omnibus baronibus et fidelibus suis de Berchescira, salutem. Sciatis me concessisse ecelesiae Sanctte Marise Abbendonae, et abbati Vincentio, et monachis^ mercatum Abbendonse, sicut ecclesia prse- dicta, et abbates, et ipse Vincentius abbas, melius uuquam et liberius babuerunt, et die qua abbatiam prsedicto Vin- centio dedi, et bene, et in pace, et honorifiee, et quiete teneant. Testibus, Rogero episcopo Seresberia), et HfiNKY I. 135 Gaufrido cancellarioj et Gaufrido de Clinton^ etWillelmo de Ponte : apud Lundoniam. [William (de Miners ?) v. Abbot and Monks op Gloucester.] ' [Record of judgment in favour of the defendants concerning a certain manor.] Heneicus, rex AiigliEe,archiepiscopiSjepiscopis, abbatibus, eomitibuSj baronibuSj vieeeomitibus, et omnibus fidelibus suis, Francis et Anglis^ totius Angliee, salutem. Sciatis quia monaehi de Gloucestria et Gilbertus de Miners in curiam meam venerunt coram me ad terminum inter eos positum de placito manerii de Culna quod Willelmus versus eos et abbatem suum clamabat. Et Adam de Port et Willelmus filius Odonis coram me testificati fuerunt quod ipsi afiiierunt ubi Rogerus de Gloucestria manerium illud ecclesise Sancti Petri Glcucestrise et monacbos ibidem Deo servientibus in elemosinam dederat^ et ubi ego, requisitione ipsius Rogerii, donationem illam eis concessi. Et inde idem Gilbertus judicium recusavit. [Abbot Vincent v. Simon, the Dispenser.] ^ [The abbot recovers a church, of which the defendant had been put in seisin by the king.] Quo intervallo/ Simon regis Henrici dispensator .... 1 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 236 (Eec. Com.). ' 2 Hist. Mon^bingd. 166 (Eec. Com.). 3 Between lllf and 1119, the abbey being then without an abbot. 136 PLACITA ANGLO -NORMANNICA. suggessit regi in Normannia ecclesiam et terrain prte- fatam jure hereditario ad se pertinere. Quod cum facile ei persuasissetj quia defuit qui resisteret, rege jubente, Simon terram cum eeclesia saisiavitj et tamdiu tenuit quousque abbas Vincentius hujus loci pastor successit. Qui cum de re ista^ sicut de injuste ablata^ coram rege calumniam moveret, Simonque cogitasset quam injuste cam adeptus fuissetj talis tandem inter abbatem et ipsum Simonem finis evenit. A quit-claim of all the property of tlie abbey by Simon follows. [Abbot Peter v. Bishop Remelin.]' [Tho plaintiflF recovers the body of a deceased person, carried away by force by the defendant ; the trial being before the king, arch- bishop Anselm, the earl of Mellent, and bishops, abbots, and great men.] IsTius'' tempore fuit grandis altercatio inter domnum abbatem Petrunij et Remelinum episcopum Herefordensem, in pr83sentia regis Henricij et domni Aiiselmi archiepiscopi, et Roberti comitis de Mellent^ et multorum episcoporum, abbatum, et procerumj in Pentecosten pro ablatione cor- poris Eadulphi filii Askitilli, quod ille episcopus Reme- linus per vim abstulerat j et fuit dirationatum ut corpus defoderetur, et redderetur^ Roberto comite judicium dic- tante, ut in posterum baberent universi liberam potesta- tem se ubicunque vivi disposuerant, post mortem se- peliendi. 1 1 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 13 (Eec. Com.). ' Abbot Peter's. HENRY I. 137 [Bishop Raitulf.]' [The king's writ directing that the hishop be put in seisin of certain lands.] Heneicus rex Osbenio vicecomitij et omnibus ministris suis de Everwyschira salutem. Preeipio vobisj ut resaisia- tis Ranulphum episcopum Dunelmensem, de omnibus illis terris que pertinent ad episeopatum Dunelmensem, et nominatim de terra de Clivelanda, quam Copsius dedit Sancto Cuthberto. Teste Ursone de Abetot apud Here- ford. [Bishop Ranulf v. Robert db Musoams.] ^ [The queen's writ directing that the plaintiff have right concerning certain lands wrongfully held by the defendant.] Matildis Anglie regina, Nigello de Albineio salutem. Preeipio tibi, ut facias Ranulpho episcopo Dunelmensi habere planum rectum de Roberto de Museams, de terris quas occupavit super Sanctum Cuthbertum, et super earn de Ros, et aliis terris quas ipse Robertus occupavit post concordiam, que facta fuit inter Willielmum episco- pum et comitem Robertum Nortbumberlandie, sicut Ranulphus episcopus monstrare poterit. [Godwin v. Robert.J ' [The king's writ confirming judgment in favour of Godwin as to a certain church, tithes, and cemetery.] Heneicus rex Anglise Roberto episcopo Cestrensi et 1 1 Monasticon, 241 (ed. 1846). ^ lb. 242. 3 6 Monasticon (part 2), 1043 (ed. 1846). 138 PLACITA ANGLO-NOllMANNICA. Niciiolao vicecomiti de Staffort et omnibus baronibus Francis et Anglis de Statforfcsira salutem. Sciatis quod Godwinus monachus de Sancto Remigio de Remis ante me et barones meos apud Tamewrdam disrationavit ecelesiam de Lappeleya, et decimam et corpora mortuo- rum contra Robertum capellanum meum de Rotomago, sicut Sanctus Remigius melius tenuit et babuit in tempore regis Edwardi et patris et fratris mei Willielmi regis. Et volo quod ista et omnes alias suas res bene et in pace teneant ipse sanctus et monacM sui. Testibus Roberto episcopo Lincolniensi et R. episeopo Salesbirie et Willielmo episcopo Exoniss et Goisfri Ridello et Aluredo de Lincolia, apud Tamewordam. [Bishop Robert v. William Pbverell.] ' [The king's writ commanding that seisin be given the plaintiff of lands, tithes, customs, meadows, and woods at P.] H. rex Anglorunij R. episcopo de Cestra^ et Roberto de Ferrariisj et Ricardo filio Gotse, salutem. Prajcipio vobis, ut resaisiatis Robertum episcopum, et ecclesias suas de Pecco, et de omnibus rebus in terris et decimis et con- suetudinibusj et pratis et silvis, sicut ipse et ecclesise saisiti erant, ea die qua Willielmo Peverell dominium meum de Pecco dedi ; quia sibi non dedi nihil de hiis, de quibus prEedictse ecclesiEe saisiti erant. Teste eomite de Mellent, apud .... 1 G Jlouasticon (part 3), 1272 (od. 1846). HENRY I. 139 [Bishop Robebt v. Men op W.] ' [The king's -writ commanding all who hold lands within the wapen- take of W. to come to the bishop's court, and there do right in respect of the lands which they hold of him, on pain of distraint.] H. rex AnglisBj omnibus baronibus, et vavasoribuSj et omBibus dominis, qui terras tenent intra Wellewapentae, salutem. Prsecipio, quod omnes veniatis ad placiturn et wapentachium episcopi Lincoliensis quod de me tenets per summonitionem ministrorum suorum ; et faciatis ei omnes rectitudineSj et consuetudines in omnibus rebus, quas eis debetis, de terris vestris ad illud wapentachium • ita bene et plenarie, sicut unquam plenius fecistis Ko- berto episeopo, vel alicui antecessori suo, et quas juste facere debetis : et nisi feeeritis ipse vos justiciet per pecuniam vestram donee faciatis, ne perdam pecuniam meam, quam episcopus mihi inde reddere debet. Teste episeopo Sarum, et Gr. caneellarioj apud Fereham. [Bishop Robeut v. Loud op Stow.]" [The king's writ ordering an inquisition as to the boundary between his manor of T. and that of the defendant, and the laying oflf the same, confirming the return by oath if needed.] H. rex Anglorum Ranulfo Meschino et Osberto vice- comiti, et Picoto filio Colsueni, et Wigoto de Lincolia, salutem. Ita et videte di visas inter manerium meum de Torchesi et manerium de Eston.; et facite reeognoscere per probos homines de comitatu et dividere prsedictas divisas : et si bene eis non credideritis, sacramento con- firment quod dixerint; quia volo ut episcopus bene et honorifice ibi habeat quod antecessores sui ibi habuerunt. Teste Wigoto Lincoliensi, apud Wincestre. 1 6 Monasticon (part 3), 1272 (ed. 1846;. lb. 1273. l^iO PLACITA. ANGLO-NORMANNICA. PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXCHEQUER. [WalbeaNj Son oi' William. 31 Hen. I.]' Et idem Waleranus filius Willelmi reddit compotum de V. s. et IX. d.j de pecunia cujusdam victi hominis. [William of St. Edwaud. 31 Hen. I.] - Willelmus de Sancto Eduardo et Jordanus filius suus debent X. mavcas argenti, pro recto de terra Rogeri avunculi Jordani ; et si poterint dirrationare, dabunt XX. marcas arffenti. [TiEHBicus, Son of Rogee. 31 Hen. I.]' Tierricus filius Rogeri Filioli debet X. marcas argenti, ut habeat rectum de Lsereditate sua ; et Adeliz de Dune- stanvilla est inde plegia. [Rogee, Son of Geoffrey. 31 Hen. I.]'' Rogerus filius Gaufridi debet X. marcas argenti, ut habeat rectum de achatis patris sui. > Madox, Hist. Bsoli. 237 (fol. ed.). = lb. 293. 3 lb. * lb. HENRY I. 141 [Robert, Son of Gerard. 31 Hen. I.]^ Robertus filius Gerardi reddit eompotum de II. unciis aurij ut posset dirrationare terrain suam per corpus suum ; in tliesauro XXX. s. pro II. unciis auri, et quietus est. [Rabulftjs Barnage. 31 Hjsn. I.]^ Radulfus Barnage reddit eompotum de X. mareis argenti, ne placitet de terra sua in vita sua ; in thesauro XL. S.J et debet VII. marcas argenti. [Robert Giffard. 31 Hen. I.] ' Robertus GifFardus reddit eompotum de I. dextrario, ne placitet de terra' quam Rieardus de Holeweia clamat versus eum. [William le Lutre. 31 Hen. I.]" Willelmus le Lutre, et Gaufridus Bucherellus, et Radulfus filius Herlevvini reddunt eompotum de VI. mareis auri, ut exeant de vieecomitatu Londonise ; in thesauro III. marcas auri, et debent III. marcas auri. ' Madox, Hist. Exch. 294 (fol. ed.). 2 lb. 309. 3 lb. " lb. 316. 142 PLAGITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. [Judges and Juroes op York. 31 Hen. I.]' Placita W. Espec et Eustachii filii Joharmis : Judices et juratores Eboraciscirse debent C. 1., ut non amplius sint judices nee juratores. [Matthew de Vernun. 31 Hen. I.]^ Mathseus de Vernmi debet C. modios vini^ pro Con- cordia duelli fratris sui. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch 316 (fol. ed.). ' lb. 323 STEPHEN. [Liberties op Abingdon. 1135?]' [The king's writ confirming the liberties of Abingdon, and exempting the church from being impleaded, except before himself] Stephanits, rex Anglise, justiciis^ viceeomitibus, baroni- bus, ministrisj et omnibus fidelibus suis^ Francis et Anglis, de Oxenefordscira et de Bercbesciraj salutem. PrsBcipio quod abbas et monachi Abbendonise teneant et habeant omnes terras, et homines suos, et omnes res suas, ita bene et in pace, et honorifice, et libere, et quiete^ sicut tenuerunt die qua rex Henrieus fuit vivus et mor- tuus, et die qua primum coronatus fuij ne super hoc ponatur inde in placitum donee veniam in provinciam j quia nolo quod placitent nisi coram me. Teste Ricardo de Luci ; apud Lundoniam. [Archbishop of Canterbury v. Abbot of Battel Abbey. -1139.]' [A wreck from lands of the plaintiff having gone ashore upon lands of the defendant, the latter's men take possession of it, under 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 181 (Bee. Com.). 2 Chron. Mon. de Bello, 65 (Aug. Chris. Soc). 144 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. the ancient law of wreck. i This law had been modified by the late king, so aa to give the wreck to any one of the vessel who escaped the disaster. With the death of king Henry, the old law was deemed to have revived. The plaintiff, however, acting under Henry's law, complains in the king's court, before the king, that the defendant's men took possession of the wreck by force ; that is, it seems, that they had taken it by force from the possession of some one from the vessel who had survived the shipwreck. The defendant relies on the old law of wreck, con- tending that king Henry's modification was not binding after his death without the consent of the barons. The defendant, however, offers to waive his claim, if the barons present will con- sent to adopt again the law of the late king. This they refuse to do. Court is now dissolved, another day being appointed for the trial. The defendant appears at the time, and (the plaintifi' not appearing) takes judgment by default. The plaintiff has the default set aside, and summons the defendant again. The parties appear, and the defendant obtains judgment.] Sub iisdem itaque diebus tempestate praevalente, conti- git navem quandairij variis sumptibus refertam, de E,u- menelj terra arcbiepiscopi Cantuariffi, supra terram ecclesias de Bello in Dengcmareisj membro de Wi^ con- fractam, bominibus vix evadentibus, jaetari. Sciendum autem est lioc pro lege ab antiquitate per maris littora observatum, ut, navi fluctibus coutrita, si evadentes infra statutum terminum et tempus earn minima re- parassent, navis et quaecumque appulsa forent absque calumpnia in dominium terrse illius, et in werec cede- rent. Sed supramemoratus rex Henricus banc abhor- rens consuetudinem, tempore suo, per imperii sui spatia, edictum proposuitj quatinus si vel unus e navi con- fracta vivus evasisset^ ba^c omnia obtineret. Verum quo novus rex cedit, et .nova lex. Nam defuncto eo, regni primores^ edicto recenti pessundato, morem an- tiquitus observatum sibimet usurparunt. Unde factum est, ut bomines de Dengemareis secundum maritimas J See Abbot Gausfrid v. The ICing's Collectors, ante, p. 86. STEPHEN. 145 consuetudines, et regales dignitates ecclesise Belli, prse- dictum werec vi obtinerent. Quo agnito, archiepis- eopus curiam adiens, coram rege, de abbate de BellOj quod in hae re vi et bostilitate usus fuisset, queri- moniam fecit. Nee mora, rex abbatem mandans coram se venire fecit. Quibus a conventu nobilium apud regiam ventilatis curiam, cum studio et arte Willelmi de Ypra, qui CantiaB comitatum tunc possidebat, rex quoque arcbiepiscopo favens, abbatem ut pacis trans- gressorem argueret, quod scilicet contra regis Henrici saneita fecisset, post plurimam utrinque eontroversiam, tandem sic curia sedatur. Nam abbas, ratione usus prsemeditata, regem Henricum pro libitu antiqua patriee jura mutare in diebus suis posse testificatus est, sed non nisi communi baronum regni consensu in posterum rata fore. Unde si id, unde calumniabatur, suje dignitatis compatriotse, barones scilicet qui aderant cum regalis curise assensu concessissent, et ipse libens cederet. Cumque preesentes regni primores bsec uno ore contra- dicerent, in communi tandem decretum est, ut eadem soluta curia, abbas regia dignitate bine suam n actus curiam, apud Dengemareis die denominate bominibus arcbiepiscopi advenientibus, omnem rectitudinem teneret. Sed in boc conventu verbum memoriale quo magis regius emollitus est animus providum dixisse abbatem contigit. Nam cum argueretur, ad regem conversus intulit: "Nunquam," inquiens, "te diutius, O rex, coronam Anglise ferre Deo sit placitum, si tantillam ecclesiee nostrse libertatem, a rege Willelmo et ab aliis antecessoribus tuis regibus datam et observatam de- struxeris." Verum abbate diem constitutum observante, ante diem sequentem ex parte arcbiepiscopi nuUus adve- nit. Unde transgressionis judicio obmutescentes, cum L 146 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. frustrati discessissent, iterum ad regias aures hujus rei querimonia ab arehiepiscopo delata est. Abbas iterum mandatus advenit, causisque expositis a communi con- cessu adjudicatum est, abbatem suam causam dirationasse, nee ab archiepiscopo bine aliquam calumpniam ulterius pati debere. [Abbot of St. Augustine v. Archdeacon of Cantee- BDEY. 1141.]' [The king's writ of right concerning the church at Newington.] Stephanus, rex Anglorum, arcbidiacono Cantuariffl^ salu- tem. Prsecipio tibi quod sine dilatione et escampa teneas plenum rectum abbati Sancti Augustini et monachis de ecclesia de Newyntone ; ne super hoc inde clamorem audiam. Teste Roberto filio Walteri, apud Westmonas- terium. [Monks of St. Augustine. 1141.]* [The king's writ directing that the monka of St. Augustine be per- mitted to rebuild a null.] Stephanus, rex Anglorum, Willelmo de Ipra et minis- tris et burgensibus Cantuariffi, salutem. Prsecipio quod monacbi Sancti Augustini restituant molendinum suum 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 381 (Keo. Com.). ' lb. STEPHEN. 147 infra Cantuariam in eodem situ^ quo erat quando de- struetum fuit, ne super hoc aliquis eos inde disturbet. Teste Warnero de Lusore, apud Cantuariam. [Estate op Ranulf Peverell. 1142.]' [Record of judgment obtained by the churoh of St. Paul of London (?) upon inquisition as to certain land of R.P. before the bishop of London, the barons and "legal men" of the church, religious and lay.] R. Dei gratia Lundoniensis episcopus, dileetis in Christo jfiliis decano et archidiaconis et toti capitulo Sancti Pauli, et omnibus baronibus Sancti Pauli, et omnibus fidelibus et filiis Sanctse Ecclesise per episcopatum Lon- doniensem constitutis^ salutem. Seiant omnes tarn prae- sentes quam futuri, quoniam in audientia et prjesentia nostra per barones nostros et per legales homines ecclesiae nostrse clericos et laicosj evidenter et sine omni ambigui- tate inquisitum et recognitum estj quoniam Rannulfus PeurelluSj cujus corpus in nostra requiescit ecelesia^ dedit Deo et Sancto Paulo, pro salute animse suae, in perpetuam elemosynam terram quse vocatur Edburghetona, ad usum luminaris ecclesise — terram prsefatam Deo et Sancto Paulo et decano et capitulo, ad eundem usum luminaris ad quod data est, tanquam suam propriam gratanter eoncedimus. Datum Lundonise anno incarnacionis Dominicffi MCXLII., episcopatus nostri primo ; prsesen- tibus, fratribus et filiis nostris Radulfo decano, et Ri- cardo Ruffo, et Ricardo Balmeis, et Ailwordo archidia- conis, Rogero Bruno dapifero, Willelmo de Hoccend., et Willelmo filio ejus, et Osberto Masculo, et Laurentio Buccuinte, in solempnitate Paschali. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. 134 (fol. ed.). L 2 148 placita anglo-noemannica. [Chtjbch of St. Augustine of Canteebuey. 1143.]' [The king's writ directing that the church of St. Angnetine have peaceable possession of certain land devised by G. in the pre- sence of legal witnesses.] Stephanus, rex Anglorumj viceeomitibus et justiciariis de Kent, salutem. Prfficipio quod faciatis habere eccle- sise Sancti Augustini et monacbis hagam suanij quam Gosceoldus eis dedit^ ita benej et in pace, et juste^ et quiete, et libera sicut earn eis dedit in morte sua coram legalibus testibus. Et videte ne inde elamorem audiam pro recti Ycl justitise penuria; quia nolo quod ecclesia ilia quicquid perdat de jure suo. Teste Eogero caneel- larioj apud Cantuariam. [Abbot of Abingdon v. Joedan de Podiis. 1 143 ?] ^ [The king's writ directing that the plaintiff be permitted to hold in peace his hundred and tenures.] StbphanuSj rex Anglise, Jordano de Podiis, salutem. Prsecipio tibi, quod permittatis abbatem de Abbendonia tenere bundredum suum, et omnes tenuras suas, bene et in pace, sicut melius tenuit tempore regis Henrici, et sicut cartse regum testantur, quas inde habet, et cum omnibus libertatibus suis. Teste A. clerieo ; apud Sanctum Albanum. ' Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 382 (Rec. Com.). 2 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 182 (Reo. Com.). STEPHEN. 149 [Abbey of Abingdon. 1144 ?] ' [The king's grant and writ directing that the plaintiff hold certain land in peace.] Stephanus, rex Anglisej Willelmo Martelj et omnibus fidelibus suis, Francis et Anglis, salutem. Sciatis quia reddidi et concessi Deo, et abbatise et monachis de Ab- bendoniaj terram suam de Wisselega et de Winkefeld ; et terra ilia, et omnes alise terrse suae, et omnes res suae, sunt in mea tutela et protectione. Quare volo et prse- cipio quod sint bene, et in pace, ita ne quisquam eis forisfaciatj nee quicquam inde capiat. Quia volo quod omnes res suae sint ita bene custoditse sicut mese dominicse, in omnibus rebus. Teste Adam de Belnio ; apud Oxeneford. [Abbot oe Abingdon. 1144?]^ [The king's writ directing that the church of St. Mary be exempt from toll, passage, and customs.] Stephanus, rex Angliae, justiciis, et vicecomitibus^ et baronibus, et omnibus ministris, et fidelibus suis Anglise et portuum maris^ salutem. Prsecipio quod totum cor- redium, et omnes res abbatis et. monachorum Sauctse Marias de Abbendonia^ quas homines sui affidaverint suas esse propriasj sint quietse de tbeloneo^ et pasnagio^ et omni consuetudinCj ne super hsee injuste disturbentur, super X. libras forisfacturffi. Testibus Willelmo de Ipra et Rieardo de Luei. 1 2 Hist. Mon. A-bingd. 182 (Rec. Com.). ' lb. 150 placita anglo-noemannica. [Abbot Gilbert v. Earl Gilbert and Pagan, a Clerk. 1145.] ' [Deposition of Bernard that he saw and heard E. G. give two chnrohea to the abbot of Gloucester, and that king Henry confirmed the gift.] Venerabili domino Alexandre, Lincolniensis ecclesise episeopo, caeterisque dilectis in Christo fratribus ecclesia- rum totius Angliae^ tam prselatis quam subditis, Ber- nardus, ecclesise Sancti Davidis minister humUis, salutem in Domino. Caritati vestrse notum facimus, et quia ad prtesens verbo non possumus, scripto testamur, nos prse- sentes affuisse, hoe etiam vidisse et audisse, quod Robertus Gernun dedit Sancto Petro, et Petro abbati de Glouces- tria, et monachis ejus, ecclesiam de Wirecesburia, et ecclesiam de Laverkestoke, et omnia quse ad easdem ecclesias pertinent, et dimidium molendinunij et medie- tatem terras quae ad illud pertinet. Hoc quidem vidimus et testamur. Scimus etiam quod rex Henricus dona- tionem iUam concessit, et carta sua confirmavit. Vidimus etiam quod domina mea Matilda regina ipsum Robertum Gernun usque ad altare Sancti Petri Gloueestrise con- duxit, ubi ipse, astante regina, pluribusque aliis, per cultellum super altare donationem illam confirmavit. [Record of adjudication in a public synod.] Quoniam ea, quae ad utilitatem ecclesise spectant, diligenter providere et efficaciter implere^ credita nobis dispensatione, debemus, ideo ego David, Bugingliamise Dei gratia archidiaconus, tam prsesenti setati quam futures posteritati quod de causa abbatis et monacborum Gloueestrise in pra?seutia nostra actum est de ecelesiis de Wirecesbiria et Langeleya prsesenti scripto notificare ' 3 Cbrou. Mou. Gloue. 106 (Reo. Com.). STEPHEN. 151 curavi. Causa igitur hac in publica synodo in medium deducta, prsedictas illas duas ecclesias ecclesise Glouces- trise donatas fuisse rationabiliter tarn cartarum confirma- tione quam prsesentis synodi attestatione cognovimus, unde ipsam per cujusdam violentam intrusionem injuste spoliatam audienteSj cum intrusum ilium ssepius ad jus- titiam vocavissemuSj nee ille nee aliquis pro eo se jus- titiee prsesentaverit, investituram earundem eeclesiarum abbati et eeclesise Gloucestrite adjudicavimus, et per claves ipsarum eeclesiarum eum in possessionem earun- dem totius synodi nostras adjudicatione induximus. [Confirmation by Theobald.] TheobaMus, Dei gratia Cantuariensis arcliiepiscopus, Anglorum primas, et ApostolicBB Sedis legatus, dilectis sibi in Domino omnibus Sanctse Matris Eeclesise filiis, salutem in Domino et benedictionem. Incolumitati eeclesiarum, et paci providentes, ea quae ecclesiis ipsis bonorum principum largitiope vel rationabili quorum- cunque executione adquiruntur pia ipsis benignitate, concedimusj et auctoritate nostra confirmamus. Audi- entes itaque ecclesiam de Wirecesburia, et ecclesiam de Langeleiaj ecclesiae Beati Petri Gloucestrise jam diu donatas rationabiliter, et hoc plenius ex carta regia et cartis venerabilium episcoporum Roberti, scilicet epis- copi quondam Lincolniensis, et Alexandria successoris ejusdem, et reverendi fratris nostri Bernardi, episcopi Sancti David, cognoscentes, deinde cum quidam se in easdem ecclesias intruserit, easdem ecclesias et in publica synodo ecclesisB Beati Petri adjudicatas, ex carta Davidis archidiaconi Bukinghamise et synodi illius attestatione cognoscenteSj et plenius rescientes, ipsi ecclesiee Beati Petri Gloucestriae in earundem eeclesiarum possessione 152 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. plenum nostrse auctoritatis robur eoncedimus^ et prsefatas ecclesias ipsi eeclesias Gloucestrise praesenti scripto in perpetuum confirmamus. [Another and naore raluable record of tHa litigation, written by the plaintiff, abbot Gilbert, after he had become bishop of Lincoln, is also given in the same connexion. It is as follows : — ] Dilectis sibi in Domino universis Sanctae Ecclesiae filiis, frater Gilbertus, Londoniensis ecclesise minister, salutem quse nunc est, et quam speramus a Domino. Elabuntur tempora, et in oblivionem multa pertrahunt, quae nisi scriptis excipiantur, ad memoriam non facile reducuntur. Inde est quod universitati vestrse prsesenti notifico, me, dum curam Gloucestrensis ecclesite, permittente Domino, administrarem, in inquirendis et requirendis ejus posses- sionibus ex officii suscepti debitodebitam sollicitudinem ad- hibuisse, et tarn ex cartarum quarundam inspectione quam totius etiam conventus Gloueestriaealiarumquepersonarum quamplurimum attestatione, mauifeste eognovisse Eober- tum Gernun, dum villam de Wirecesburia et villam de Laverkestoke pleno jure et integro dominio possideret, priusquam bonor ille, qui dudum fuit Roberti Gernun, ad Willelmum de Muntficbet patrem Gilberti de Muntficbet devolutus esset, ecclesias jam dictarum villarum Wireces- birite scilicet, et Laverkestoke, ecclesise beatri' Petri de Gloucestria coueessisse, et regem Henricum primum bane ejusdonatioDem,sub multa nobilium regni sui attestatione, carta sua et sigillo corroborasse. Attendens itaque et multorum attestatione cognoscens ecclesiam Gloucestrise, cui tunc prseeram, memoratas ecclesias a tempore regis Henrici usque ad tempus regis Stepbani, quo pax regni turbata est, possedisse, dominum etiam Lincolniensem ad abbatis et conventus Gloucestrise praesentationem ■ beati. STEPHEN. 153 vicarios in eis instituisse, ipsos etiam ab hiis ad arbitrium suum pensiones annuas suseepisse, cum oecasione cladis bellicse commissse mihi ecclesise possessio in eeelesiis jam dietis turbata fuisset per Gilbertum comitem jam dicti Gilberti avuneulum qui tunc ejus prseeratpatrimonio illi, tutelem exhibens, qui ecclesias jam dictas auctoritate sua in quendam Londoniensem clericum Paganum nomine contulerat ad dominum Lincolniensem, adversus jam dictum comitem et memoratum Paganum querelam detuli, commissse mihi ecclesiee justitiam postulans ex- hiberi. Cujus auctoritate, apud Eilesburiam, per Davidem archidiaconum de Bukingham synodo publico convocata, statuto mihi die instructus affui, qu£e supra sunt memo- rata proposui^ bouse memorise Bernardi^ dudum Mene- vensis episcopi, multarumque ipsius synodi personarum muuitus testimonioj memoratas ecclesias synodali judicio reportavi. In quas cum Gloucestrensis ecclesise nomine agens episcopali auctoritate inductus fuerim, ipsa easdem in eo recuperavit obsequio et episcopali auctoritate per me et successorem meum usque in praesens tempus ob- tinuit. Cui in jam dietis eeelesiis cum totum coUatum, et quod potestas laica et quod episcopalis dignitas con- ferre potest, justum videri potest ecclesias jam dictas sibi in pace dimitti, et possessionem ejus querelis juvenis longe post nati non debere convelli. Valeatis. [The following are the original grant and confirmation above re- ferred to ; — ] ' Sciant prsesentes et futuri, quod ego Robertus Gernon, pro salute animse mese et omnium antecessorum meorum, dedi et concessi Deo, et Sancto Petro, et monachis Glou- cestrise, ecclesiam de Wirecesbury et de Laverkestoke, et ' 2 Chrou. Mon. Glouo. 164 (Eeo. Com,). 15i PLACITA ANGLO-NOllMANNICA. omnia quae ad eaedem ecclesias pertinent, et dimidium molendinum, et medietatem terrae quae ad illud pertinet, liberas et quietas ab omni exactione et consuetudine et servitio quod ad me pertinet et ad hseredes meos, in per- petuam elemosinam. Testibus, etc' Henricus, rex Anglise, Roberto episcopo Lincolniensi/ et Hugoni de Bochinghamia, et omnibus baronibus, Francis et Anglis, de Middelsexa, salutem. Sciatis me concessisse Sancto Petro de Gloucestria, et Petro abbati et monachis suis de Gloucestria, ecclesiam de Wireces- bury, et ecclesiam de Laverkestou, quas Robertus Gernun eis dedit, et omnia quae ad easdem ecclesias pertinent, et dimidium molendinum, et medietatem terrse quse ad illud pertinet. Et volo et prsecipio ut bene et honorifice teneant. Teste Matilda regina. [Later, in the reign of Henry II., Gilbert of Montefiohet appears to have asserted his claim anew, the following writ being issued : — ■] ^ Henricus, rex Anglise, dux Normannise et Aquitanise, et comes Andegavise, Gilberto de Montefichet, salutem. Praecipio tibi quod permittas monaehos Gloucestrise tenere in pace, et libere, et honorifice, et juste, decimas et beneficia ecclesiarum suarum de Wirecesbury, et de Langeleia. Et nisi feceris, justiciarius mens faciat fieri. Teste cancellario. [This was obeyed, and the following grant made : — ] * Comes GilbertuSj omnibus baronibus et hominibus de honore Willelmi de Mundfichet, Francis et Anglis, sa- lutem. Sciatis me reddidisse monacbis Gloucestrise, tanquam suum rectum, ecclesiam de Wirecesbury, et 1 Sio. ^ Died 1123. He had been chancellor under William II., and jus- ticiar under the present Henry I. 3 2 Chrou. Mon. Glouc. 165 (Rec. Com.). -i lb. STEPHEN. 155 ecclesiam de Langeleia, cum hominibus, et terris^ et decimis, et cum omnibus ad ecclesias istas pertinentibus. Has igitur ecclesias volo et prsscipio ut bene, et honorifice, et libere, et quiete teneant, ita quod nullus eis injuriam neque contumeliam faciat. Teste Stephano de Ca- meis, etc' A confirmation by the king is also given, in the same language, Bnbstautially, as that by Henry I., sitpra. [Monks of Basselech and Picot, Chaplain of St. GUNDLEY. 1146.]^ [Eecord of a judgment concerning a certain chapel, its tithes, and cemetery ; trial before the bishop of Llandaflf.] M./ Dei gratia Landavensis episcopus^ omnibus paro- cbianis suis et amicis clericis et laicis in Christo, salutem et benedictionem. No turn vobis facio controversiam et dissensionem, quse inter monachos de Basselech et Pieo- tum eapellanum Sancti Gundlei de terminis paroehiarum suarum habebatur, in mei preesentia terminatam et diffi- nitam fuisse ; hac videlicet consideratione quod capella Sanctse Gladewis quam Landomerus super fluvium Eboth sediiicavitj et omnes decimse ab eodem fluvio usque ad fluvium Uschse, et a terminis terrse Willelmi de Bercherola usque ad mare, et corpora omnia defunc- torum ecclesise Sancti Gundlei libera et quieta remanent. Et ilia decima quam Landomerus ex alia parte Eboth de terra sua ecelesiae Sancti Gundlei dederatj ecclesite Sancti Basilii remanet. Testibus Abraham capellano episcopi, 1 Sic. ^ 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 55 (Eec. Com.). 3 Uhtrid was bishop of Llandaflf in 1146. 156 PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. Urbano sacerdote, Galfrido sacerdote nepote episcopi, et magistri Johanne, etc.^ apud Basselech, Et teste tota synodo apud Landaviam anno ab Incarnatione Domini millesimo centesimo quadragesimo sexto. [LiBEETIES OF AbINSDON. 1146.] ' [The king's writ exempting the abbot of Abingdon from being im- pleaded, except before himself, the king.] Stephanus, rex Angliss, justiciis et vieecomitibuSj et baronibuSj et ministris, et omnibus fidelibus suisj Francis et Anglis, de Oxeneford et de Berchesiraj salutem. Seiatis quia warrantizo abbati Abbendoniae ne ipse vel homines sui placitent de aliquo placito quod pertineat ad coronam meam, nisi coram me, et quando ero apud Oxenefordam. Teste "Willielmo de Ipra; apud Lon- doniam. [Abbot Walter v. Bishop of Chichesteu. Ecclesias- tical. 1148.]^ [The bishop of Chichester persists in attempting to subject the abbot of Battel to his authority, and lays him under an iuterdiot unless ho will attend a synod at Chichester. The abbot complains of this before the King's Court ; whereupon the king forbids the bishop to disturb the abbot, and fixes a day for hearing the mat- ter, with his bishops and barons. The parties attend, but many other litigations coming on before this one, it happens that the 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 181 (Eec. Com.). - Chron. Mon. de Bello, 70 (Ang. Chris. Soc). STEPHEN. 157 bishop of C. is not present when it is reached. The abbot pre- sents his case, and obtains judgment of freedom from the juris- diction of the bishop.] QuoDAM igitur praedieti Stephani piissimi principis tempore^ synodum apud Cicestriam adire abbas summo- nitus, nee veniens^ interdietus est ab episeopo^ eo tamen tenore, quod si infra XL. dierum spatium satisfaeturus non veniret, ab officio suo suspensus cessaret. Quod abbas audiens euriam apud Sanctum Albanuni adiit prseproperSj atque bsee regise intulit aulae. Eex itaque, accersito quodam clericorum suorum Rotberto de Cornu- viUa nominej misit ad episeopum, mandaus et prseeipiens quatinus ecclesiam Saiieti Martini de Belle sieut domini- cam regis capellam, et regiam coronam, ab omni exactione et oppressione liberam et quietam Christo Domino pacifice sineret deservire. Terminum etiam ei prsefixitj quatinus die octavarum Sancti Andrea, ipse et abbas Lundoniam venirent, ut ibi dissensioni eorumdem coram se^ episcopis, et baronibus suis prsesentibus finem impo- neret. Die constituta uterque affuit. Multis igitur causis ibidem discussis, abbas regi prsesentiam suam ex- hibuit^ paratus, si quis eidem quicquam obicere velletj ]'usta rationis aequitate pro libertate ecclesise suae resistere. Episcopus vero nonnuUis ibidem detentus negotiis, coram rege die eadem venire distulit. Lectis igitur coram rege cartis et munitionibus de hae eadem re, a rege Willelmo magno subscriptis, rex altiori usus consUio praecepit ecclesiam Sancti Martini de Bello ab omni subjectione et exactione Cicestrensis episcopi, secundum regis WiUelmi et aliorum regum prsedecessorum suorum cartas, liberam omnino existere. In the first year of the following reign (a.d. 1155) the bishop of Chichester renews his attempt to subject the abbot of Battel to 158 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. himself, and a great litigation follows. The king confirms the liberties of Battel, among many other confirmations. These liberties made St. Martin independent of the archbishop of Canterbnry. The bishop of Chichester informs the latter of the facts ; whereupon the archbishop seeks to have the charters annulled, and is at first partly Buooesaful. The abbot, hearing of this, protests before the king, and prevails upon him to order his seal to be attached to the charter of confirmation, which, it seems, had not yet been done. The bishop of Chichester appears at this moment and protests, but the king orders the seal to be attached. He then orders the parties to meet at Lambeth to hear the charter read, and to suggest any amendments. The chancellor (Thomas H Becket) attends, bringing the charter, but the meeting ends in confusion, and the chancellor returns to the king with the charter. The king finally delivers the charter to the abbot. The bishop of Chichester now transfers his case to the pope, sum- mons the abbot on papal authority to Chichester, and (the abbot appearing) reads letters from the pope to the abbot, commanding him to be subject to the bishop. The court again breaks up in con- fusion, without result, and the abbot now procures the king to sum- mon the bishop by writ, and thereby command him to desist from his purpose till the king's return to England from a visit to Normandy, where he then was. On his return, the king summons the parties, but the cause is not finally taken up until in 1157. The king then calls to himself his chancellor {k Becket) and others to hear the cause. The abbot's brother, Richard de Lucy, appears for St. Martin, and opens the case, and has the charters read by the chancellor. The king inspects them closely. The chancellor takes an active part, calling upon the abbot to answer certain arguments previously made by the bishop of Chichester. Kichard de Lucy replies, after answer both by the abbot and by the king. Court adjourns, and is after- wards resumed, attended by an increased number of judges. De Lucy makes another speech, and alludes to the company as " all this assembly of Normans." The abbot then speaks. The bishop repHea, denying the right of the king to confer or take away ecclesiastical liberties ; at which the king becomes very angry. The chancellor cautions the bishop, who then apologizes, and proceeds, though not without interruptions by the court. The king then speaks. The abbot follows, and produces the Conqueror's charter, which the king says he must defend as his own royal prerogative. Judgment is de- livered by the chancellor in favour of the abbot. The archbishop wishes to retire with the ecclesiastics to determine certain matters arising at the close of the trial, according to ecclesiastical custom. But the king refuses, saying " I shall decide." The bishop disclaims authority over the abbot ; the archbishop intercedes for the latter ; the parties are all reconciled ; and the court is dissolved. The judges present, besides the king, were Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury ; Roger, archbishop of York ; Robert, bishop of Lincoln ; Silvester, STEPHEN. 159 abbot of St. Augustine; Robert, earl of Leicester ; Henry of Essex, the king's tribune ; Richard, bishop of London ; Robert, bishop of Exeter; Gausfrid, abbot of Holme ; Thomas, the king's chancellor; Patrick, earl of Salisbury ; Richard de Lucy, Reginald de Warenne, and Warin Fitzgerald. [Men of Canteebuey. 1148.]' [The king's writ prohibiting interference with the men of Canterbury in going to or coming from mill.] Stephanus, rex Anglorunij vieecomitibus et praepositis et burgensibus et omnibus fidelibus suis Cantuarise, salutem. Probibeo ne aliquis prohibeat quin homines eivitatis Cantuariae et provincise eant et veniant ad molendimmij quod concessi et dedi Deo et ecclesise Sancti Augustini infra civitatem CantuarisBj cum blado suo ad molandumj ita bene et plenarie sicut melius et plenius solebant facere tempore regis Henrici avunculi mei, et meo tempore postea, dum molendinum prsedictum in mea manu fuit. Teste Roberto de Ver, apud Cantuariam. CASES OF LESS CERTAIN DATE OP THIS REIGN. [Canons of St. Maetin v. The King and Walter LONG.]^ [Writ of the earl of Essex commanding A. de G. to restore to the plaintiff property of his which the king's men had carried off; 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 383 (Reo. Com.). ■^ Madox, Hist. Exoh. 74 (fol. ed.). 160 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. also to cauee an inquisition as to certain lands of which the plaintiffs allege the defendant W. has disseised them.] Geoppeby comes de Essexa, Aelardo de Guerris salutem. Praecipio tibi quod omni occasione et dilatione remota, et sicut corpus meum et animam diligis, reddas cano- nicis Sancti Martini de Lundonia totum bladum suum de Godicestra^ et omnes res suas quas homines mei indo ceperuntj et omnia sua quse in terra mea invenire po- terint ; et omnes homines sui et res suae meam firmam pacem amodo habeant ; quia pro infirmitate mea, et pro redemptione animse mese, canonicis ilhs et omnibus ecele- siis Dei satisfacere promisi. Et fac recognosci per vici- nium et probos homines illius provinciae, si V. acrae terrse quas Walterus Longus tenet et illos inde disaisivit, quas illi canonici calumniant, sint de eorum tenuera ; et si recognitum fuerit, fac inde eos saisiri, et bene et in pace teneant. Madox speaks of this writ as having been granted " in or about the reign of king Henry I. or Stephen." If this was the second Gteof&ey earl of Essex, as appears to be the case, the writ was of the reign of Stephen ; for that king raised him to the position. 1 Poss, Judges, 274. He was killed in battle in 1144. lb. [Bishop Ascelin and the Monks of St. Andrew. Befoee 1147.]' [Record of judgment in favour of the monks of St. Andrew as to certain manors ; trial before the archbishop of Canterbury, bishops, abbots, and other religious men.] Imaeus, Dei gracia Tusculanus episcopus, apostolicse sedis ' Hearne's Textus Eoffeusis, 204. STEPHEN. ] 61 legatuSj omnibus matris ecclesise filiis, ad qnos littoiTo ists8 pervenerint, salutem. Rei gestae memoria litteris provide committitur, ne lites semel sopitse in future iterum instaurentur. Proinde universitati vestrae per prsesentia scripta notum esse volumus, quod inter Ascelinum Rofensem episcopum, et ejusdem loci monaclios, eeclesiee scilicet beati Andreae^ super jure maneriorum Lambetham et Hendenham, controversia bujusmodi ortaest. Assere- bant prsedicti monaebi, memorata maneria sibi ad victum proprium a rege Anglorum Willelmo juniore, et Lam- franco piae recordationis Cantuariensi arehiepiscopOj et GundulfoRofensi episcopo concessarationabiliter et donata, et ad ejusdem rei evidentiorem probationem, eorundem cartas et confirmationes et sequentium regum Anglorum Henrici et Stephanie et Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepis- eopi in medium proferebant. Contra quae cum preefatus Ascelinus Rofensis episcopus nicbil firmumj nichil validum responderetj nee se in praetaxatis maneriis jus habere pro- bare posset, assidentibus nobis venerabilibus fratribus, Teobaldo Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, E-odberto Lundoni- ensi, Henrico Wintoniensi, Alexandre Lineoniensi, Ibrardo Noruuicensi, Sifredo Cicestrensi episcopis^ Gaufrido Sancti Albani, Gervasio Westmonasterii^ Petro Scireburnensi abbatibuSj et magistro Hilario, et aliis quam pluribus religiosis personis, ipsa maneria, cum omnibus suis appenditiis, secundum quod cartas donationis et con- firmationis continebant^ ipsis monachis adjudicavimus, et ipsos possessores constituimus, ipso eorum episcopo pro- mittente, quod deinceps sine vexatione et inquietatione monachos bona et possessiones suas habere pei-mitteret, et pacem eis servaret, quod et ipsi firmiter observare prae- cepimus, ad cujus rei argumentum ipsos monachos in osculo pacis recepit. Nos itaque prsedictorum fratrum 163 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. justis petitionibus facilem prsebentes assensum,tam saepe- dicta maneria quam alia omnia eorum bona et posses- siones^ quas in prsesentiarum juste possident^ vel in future legitime habituri sunt, jura etiam, consuetudines, libertates rationabiliter indultas, auetoritate officii quo fungimur ipsis confirmamus, et prsesentis script! attes- tatione roboramus. [Monks of Gloucester.] ^ [The king's writ as to tiLhea of Barton.] Stephanus rex Anglias Miloni Gloucestrise, salutem. Prsecipio tibi quod juste facias habere monaclios Glouces- triae decimam suam de Berthona sicut melius et plenius habuerunt tempore regis Henrici, ne super hoc inde clamorem audiam. [Abbot of Gloucester v. Robert, Son of Walter, ET AL.] ^ [The king's writ of seisin in favour of the abbot of Gloucester.] Stephanus, rex Anglorum, Roberto filio Walteri et ministris suis, salutem. Preecipio quod juste resaysiatis abbatem de Gloucestria de ecclesia sua de Northona, de terris et decimis, et de omnibus eidem ecclesise pertinenti- 1 1 Cliron. Mon. Glouc. 178 (Eeo. Com.t. 2 2 lb. 46. STEPHEN. 163 bus, sicut fuit die qua rex HenricuS novissime mare transivit ad eundum in Normanniam. Et nisi feceris Walterus archidiaeonus de Oxonia faciat, ne inde amplius clamorem audiam pro penuria pleni recti. Teste [name not given]. Compare tlie writ in Abbot of Gloucester v. William, the Constable, ante, p. 130. [Abbot of Gloucestee v. R. thb Little.] ^ [The king's writ commanding the defendant to go into the abbot's court, and plead as to tenure of lands.] Stephanus, rex Anglise, R. parvo, salutem. Si cog- noscis quod debeas tenere virgatam terras quam tenes in Quedesleya de abbate Glocestrise, tune prsecipio tibi quod desicut abbas dicit quod rectum in ea non babes, aut eas in curiam ejus dirationare quod tua esse debeat, vel di- mitte ei terram suam sicut justum fuerit. Et nisi feceris Milo Gloucestriae faciat, etc.^ [Chukch of St. Peter of Gloucestee.] ' [The king's writ directing that the church of St. Peter hold certain lands in peace.] Stephanus, rex Anglise, justiciariis et vicecomitibus et ministris suis de Gloucestresyra, salutem. Praeeipio quod ecclesia Sancti Petri de Gloucestria teneat terram suam de Rugge ita bene et in pace, et libere, et quiete, sicut I 2 Chron. Mon. Glouo. 96 (Reo. Com.). ' Sic. 3 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 97 (Eec. Com.). M 2 164 PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. melius tenuit tempore regis Henrici, et sicut carta sua testatur, ne super hoc ponatur in aliquam novam vel injustam consuetudinem. [Monks of Gloucester.]' [Writ of the earl of Mellent directing that the monks of Gloucester be exempt from toll and customs.] G. comes de Mellent, omnibus ballivis et ministris suis de Wyrecestresira, et prsepositis et ministris suis de Wyche, salutem. Prsecipio quod totum dominium mo- nachorum de Gloucestria, unde homines eorum poterunt affidare suum esse proprium, sit quietum ab omni thel- oneo et consuetudine apud Wyche, sicut melius fuit tempore Henrici regis. Et super hoc non disturbentur homines aut res eorum super forisfacturam meam. Tes- tibus Alberico de Vere, et Roberto filio Walteri, et Radulpho pincerna, et Philippo de Belmes, etc.'' [The following more general writ was granted by the king : — ] ' Stephanus, rex Angliae, justiciariis, et vicecomitibus, baronibus, et ministris suis, Francis et Anglis, salutem. Prsecipio quod tota pecunia Sancti Petri Gloucestriae et abbatis et monachorum sit quieta de theloneo, et omni consuetudine, ubicunque venerit. Et defendo ne dis- turbetur injuste super decern libras forisfaeturae. Teste Milone Gloucestriae. 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 71 (Eec. Com.). » Sic. ^ 2 Chron. Mon. Glouo. 135 (Eec. Com.). STEPHEN. 165 [Church of St. Andrew.]' [The king's writ directing that the church of St. Andrew hold all its property in peace.] StephanuSj rex Anglorum, Radulfo filio comitisj et vice- comiti de Chentj et justieiariis et ministris de Eouecestra, salutem. Precipio quod ecclesia et monachi Sancti Andree de Rouecestra teneant et habeant omnes terras, et tenuras suas, et homines, et consuetudines suas, et quar- tam partem redditus Rouecestre, ita bene et in pace, et juste et libere, et quiete et honorifice, sicut unquam melius vel Kberius tenuerunt tempore regis Henrici, in die qua fuit vivus et mortuus, et tempore aliorum regum, antecessorum meorum, ne super boo aliquis eis inde auferat, vel minuat quicquam, neque clamorem inde audiam. Teste Roberto canceUario apud Rouecestram. [Henry Bishop of Winchester et al.Y [The king's writ directing that the bishop of Winchester and others hold in peace a certain marsh.] Stephanus, rex Anglise, Ricardo de Luci justiciario et vieecomiti de Essexa salutem. Prsecipio quod Henricus Wintouiensis episeopus frater meus, decanus ecclesise Sancti Martini Londoniae, et canonici, ita bene et in pace et juste teneant mariscum suum de Mealdona, quem Rannulfus de Venjons dedit ecclesise Sanctae Marise de Mealdona pro anima sua, de terra lUa quam rex Henri- cus illi dedit de dominio suo pro servitio suo, sicut idem 1 Eegist. Bofifense, 37. ' Madox, Hist. Exch, 23 (fol. ed.). 166 PLACITA ANGLO-NOllMANNICA. Eannulfus illam eis dedit, et sicut cartha ipsius testatur, et sicut tenuerunt die qua rex Henricus fuit vivus et mortuuSj et postea hactenus. Et si quis illis fecerit injuriam, praBcipio quod plenum rectum iUis faciatis inde. Teste Roberto de Ver apud Bermundesiam. [AllCHBISHOP OP YOEK.]' [The king's writ directing that the plaintiff hold a certain mill and water in security, and that right be done upon the nieiL who broke the race.] Stbphantjs rex Angliae, justiciariis et vicecomiti de Ebo- rum, salutem. Praecipio, quod Sanctus Petrus de Eborum habeat molendinum suum cum stagno suo de Savelintj ita bene et libere sicut liabuit tempore regum Willielmi et Henriei avunculorum meorum, et plenum rectum facite micbi et arehiepiscopo de illis qui stagnum illud fregerunt. Teste Roberto de Curcij apud Eborum. 1 6 Mouasticon (part 3), 1197 (ed. 1846). HENRY 11. [Abbot of Abingdon v. Tuestin, Son op Simon^ et al. 1154,.]' [The plaintiff, in tlie time of king Stephen, disseises the defendants of certain land for non-payment of annual dues ; whereupon the defendants go to the king, and, declaring that the plaintiff has unlawfully disseised them, obtain, by paying him money, a writ commanding the plaintiff to redeliver possession to the de- fendants. The plaintiff defers, and the defendant Turstin obtains (with money) another writ, directed to the sheriff of Oxford, ordering him to try the cause without delay. The sheriff, corrupted by money, delivers possession to Turstin. King Henry II. having succeeded to the throne, the abbot obtains a writ ordering the sheriff of Berkshire' to try the cause at once, and give the plaintiff seisin, if entitled to it. Turstin essoins himself on various grounds, and then secretly leaves the county ; and the case fails of trial. The plaintiff now obtains another writ di- recting others to try the matter. The case is now heard before the justiciars and other wise men, and the court pronounce to the king in favour of the plaintiff, and the king approves the de- cision, and orders Turstin to dehver possession of the land to the plaintiff, and to pay him the damages sustained ; with the privilege, on payment, of resuming the original tenure. Turstin is unable to pay the damages, and the land is given to the plaintiff.] Regnantb autem rege Stephano, et prsesidente huic ecelesiEe domno Ingulfo. abbate, praedictus Simon dedit filiam suam in conjugium cuidam militi, nomine Waltero filio Hingam, tradiditque ei supradictam villam Tade- mertun, tali scilicet conditione qua et ipse earn tenuerat ; id estj iit XV. libras abbati inde per singulos 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 183 (Keo. Com.) 168 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. annos redderet. Qui villain tenuit, sed nihil omnino pro ea reddidit. Quam ob causam abbas ad eandem villam quendam ex monacbis suis transmittens, resaisiavit earn in manu sua; reputans sibi in quantulumciinque lueri provenire saltern ipsam villam (licet etiam aliquan- diu cum detrimento constituti redditus) obtinere, quam utroque simul, et villa scilicet et solito ejus redditu, destitui. Hoc autem factum memoratus Simon^ et Walterus gener ejus, necnon et filii eorum, graviter accipientes, multa circa nos deinceps malitia usi sunt, nobis semper prout valebant adversantes. Eo igitur anno quo rex Stephanus et Henricus dux NormannisB foederati sunt, Turstinus filius ejusdem Simonis suggessit regi abbatem AbbendoniEe quasdam hereditarii sui juris possessiones injusta et fraudulenta invasione jam aliquandiu occupasse. Datis ei pro restitutione eorumdem muneribus, res illico abbati per breve Suum mandavit ut, remota omni dilatione, quic- quid Turstinus suum dicebat, saisiaret. Quo audito, abbas non leve damnum inspiciens, non leviter consensit. Adunata tamen curia sua, diem statuit quo, babita deliberatione, excogitaret quid super hoc responderet. Jam aderat dies statuta, et nondum consentiente abbate ut vel tunc Turstinus quod petebat acciperet, sicut primo, sic seeundo diem distulit, quo scilicet sapientiores de tali negotio consuleret. Quo contra Turstinus lucrum suum differri considerans, diem renuit, regem adiit, et quod jussa regis abbas implere nolucrit, mendaciter indicavit; insuper (.ut citius voti compos efficeretur) regem regisque coUatcrales jam iterum muneribus sibi illexit. Rex autem causam Turstini justam existimans, vicpcomiti suo, tunc temporis Henrico de Oxencford, prtBcepit ut, ablato omni dilationis scrupulo, causam HENRY II. 169 utramque secundum jus regium tractaret. Vicecomes vero, amore pecuniffi depravatus, justos possessores deprDsdavit ; et Turstinum in re non sua^ quasi rege jubente et jure dictante, injuste (ut ipse postea eonfessus est) introduxit. Turstinus ergo saisatus re quam petebat, id est ecclesia de Marebamj et III. bidis ad eandam pertinentibus, et I. in Middeltun, una quoque in Appelford, contra jus ecclesiasticum agens, rem eandem detinuit. Sed non patitur Deus sicut justa sic injusta diu subsistere. Eodem namque anno quo res ecclesise invasit^ Ste- phanus rex diem obiit^ eique in regno Henricus junior successit. Quern adeuntes de congregatione fratres, rem prout erat perverse tractatam monstraverunt, suppli- cantes ut eorum justje querelas aurem accommodaret. Adquiescens vero rex fratribus, quorum justam querelam deprehendit, semel et iterum missis litterisj prsecepit ut in comitatu Berchescire causa utriusque (ecclesise Aboen- donensis scilicet, et Turstini) in medio profen'etur, prolata examinaretur, examinata vel hinc vel inde terminaretur.' Sed Turstinus, de culpa sibi conscius, nunc simulato regis negotioj nunc infirmitate, nunc hac nunc iUa occasione, per biennium et eo amplius comitatus caute subterfugit. Quod intelligens abbas, laboris toties ' The following appears to be the writ : — Henriong, rex Angliae, et dux Normanniaa et AquitaniaSj et comes Andegaviffi, Eioardo de Can- villis, yiceoomit; de Berohescira, aalutem. Si abbas de Abbendoiia in- juste et sine judioio dissaisatns est de terra sua de Mercheham, et de Middeltona, et de Appelford, tunc praecipio quod eum inde sine dila- tione et juste resaisias ; et teneat ita bene, et in pace, et juste, sicut ecclesia de Abhendonia melius earn teuuit tempore Henrioi regis, avi mei ; et catalla, quae in terra ilia injuste ablata aunt, juste eis reddere facias ; ' et nisi feoeris, justitia mea faciat fieri. Teste comite Eegi- naldo ; apud Windesoram. 2 Hist. Mon. de Abingd. 223 (Reo. Com.). ' Mesne profits. 170 PLACITA ANGLO-NOllMANNICA. inanis piguit ; et assumptis secum fratribus, ad regem (qui tunc apud Wdestoca morabatur) accessit ; obnixe postulans ut sui misertus, et laboris et causse finem imponeret. Annuit illico rex ; ' et convocatis justiciis suis, Gregorio scilicet Lundoniensi, et Willelmo filio Johannis, et Nigello de Brocco^ cagterisque curiae suse sapientibus, prtecepit ut abbatis et Turstini, qui tunc aderat, causam tractarent ; asserens quicquid super hoe recte judiearent, inconeusse teneri debere. Qui^ inspecta rei veritatCj intellexerunt Turstinum substantiam ecclesiae injuste detinuisse, et abbatem pro tali damno justam querelam movisse. Sed quamvis hoc justum esset^ non tamen de se prsesumebant ut hunc re quam invaserat privarent, nisi prius audita ab ore regie sententia. Dicebant quippe solidius posse subsistere quod ex ore regie prolata auetoritas studuerit^ confirmare. Nuntia- verunt interea pr^fati viri regi de judieio sibi commisso, quid actum esset, orantes ut ipse voluntatem suam idem' eis aperiret. Quibus pracepit ut non solum quod Turstinus injuste adeptus fuerat in dominium ecclesiee reverterent/ verum etiam damniun'^ quod interim ' The following appears to be the writ : — Henricus, rex Anglise, et dax Normannis et Aquitanite, et cornea Andegavias, H. de Oxeneford vioecomiti et ministris suis, salutem. Prasoipio vobis quod si abbatia de Abbendonia injuste dissaisiata est de ecclesia de Mercheham et pertinentiis suis, et de I. hida terrse et dimidia in Middeltuna, et de I. hida in Appelford, sine dilatione earn inde resaisiatis, et in pace tenere faciatis, siout melius tennit tempore Henrioi regis, avi mei ; et nisi feceritis, justitia mea faoiat. Teste Warino filio Giroldi ; apud Wdestocam. 2 Hist. Mon. de Abingd. 222 (Eeo. Com.). 2 prolatam auctoritatem studuerint ? ** inde ? ^ reverteretur ? ' Mesne profits in the same action iu which the land is recovered. See GlauTill, lib. 12, c. 18 ; lb. lib. 13, o. 38. In the last-named chapter, Glanvill, speaking of the recognition of novel disseisin, says : " In no other recognition does the judgment of the court usually make any mention concerning the chattels or fruits." HENRY II. 171 eeclesise intulitj restaurari juberent; servato quod si idem Turstinus vellet, sicut pater ejus et ipse, manerium Tadmertun per singulos annos pro XV. libris de abbate teneret. Quibus diligenter damnum computantibus dictum est parum esse si Turstinus pro damno de Tademertun LX. marcas, pro damno vero eeclesise de Marcham et quinque hidarum, quas praediximus, III. marcas, abbati persolveretj nisi in hoc idem abbas Turstino parcere voluisset. Turstinus autem, cognoscens quod ei imponebatur vires suas excedere, et villam tenere et pro damno quod jussus erat persolvere se non posse, 'indicavit. Quod cum regi nuntiatum esset, jussit ut abbas sic villam, sicut ecclesiam, et terram praefatam, reciperet, et Turstino vel suis heredibus post iUum diem nihil responderet. [The claim renewed by Bichard Basset, son of Turstin, on the death of the latter. The abbot, however, obtains a writ directing that the monks hold in peace, and Richard makes composition with the church.] i Eicardus itaque Basset (filius Turstini^ iilii Radulfi preedicti) cum, patre mortuo, heres successisset, de supradictis IIII. hidis calumniam movit, multa objec- tione et curiositate agens, ut eas ad se (si quomodo posset) attraheret. Versutias vero ejus fratres^ agnos- centes, regem Henricum juniorem, tunc temporis regnantem, adierunt, postulantes ut eis cum pace tenere faceret quod eis juste donatum fuerat. Quorum petitioni benigne annuens, tale breve sigillo suo munitum Ricardo direxit : Henricus, rex Anglise, et dux Normannise et Aquitanise, et comes Andegavise, Ricardo Basset, salutem. 1 Hist. Men. de Abingd. 188 (Eec. Com.). 2 The ablot's brethren. 173 PLACITA AN6L0-N0RMANNICA. Prsecipio quod monachi mei de Abbendona teneant in pace, et libere, et quiete, et juste IIII. hidas terrse de Chedeleswrtha, sicut eas tenuerunt tempore Henrici regis, avi mei, et ejusdem libertatibus cum omnibus pertinentiis earum ; et probibeo ne quis eos inde injuste ponat in placitum. Quod nisi feeeris, justitia mea faciat fieri, ne inde audiam clamorem pro penuria pleni recti vel firmee justitise. Teste Willelmo, filio Jobannis; apud Chivam. Quo breve audito, Ricardus nee valens in aliquo contradicere, sed et sciens se calumniam movisse, cbirograpbum tale cum Abbendonensibus eomposuit : Notum sit omnibus, tarn prsesentibus quam futuris, quod ego Ricardus Basset, filius Turstini Basset, concessi in eleemosyuam perpetuam, et firmiter confirmavi in eapitulo, coram omni conventu, et super altare signo cultelli propriis manibus posui, ecclesiae Abbendone IIII. hidas de Cbedeleswrthe, cum pertinentiis earum in boseo, in piano, quas avus meus, Radulfus Basset, et pater meus, Turstinus Basset, dederant preedictse ecclesise tenendas, liberas et absolutas ab omni servitio militari et exactione, prseter commune geldum totius eomitatus; ita tamen si aliae terrae mese sunt quietae, et iUa similiter sit quieta. De bosco autem quod' praedictse terrse adjacet, cum fuero in proviucia ilia, retineo ad focam coram me faciendum et ad coquinam meam, et virgas et palas ad faldos et sepes circa curiam meam facieudas, et arbores ad molendina mea de Ledecumba, si in bosco illo inveniri poterunt. Quod totum capietur per visum forestarii monachorum, et sicut docuerit, et jjorci mei de Ledecumba de dominie quieti sint de pasnagio, prsesen- tibus testibus subscriptis : Toto conventu. De laicis, ' quip HENRY II. 173 Adam Vicecomite, Jordano de Samfordj Johanne de Sancta Helena^ Gaufredo de Sunigeuuelle, Henrico de Pisi, Radulfo Britone^ Radulfo Plaeitore, et multis aliis. See Abbot Walkelin v. Turstin Basset, post, p. 197. The first appearance of the perfect, or nearly perfect, writ of novel disseisin will be noticed above, pp. 169, 170, notes. [Abbot Walter v. Alan de Neville. Near end op REIGN OF Stephen or beginning of that of Hen. II. — probably the latter.] ' [The defendant, the king's forester, levies and collects a sum of money of lands of Battel Abbey as essarts, and sends the amount to the treasury of the king. The abbot of Battel, on hearing of this, enters complaint in the Court of Exchequer before the earl of Leicester, Richard de Luci (chief justiciar), and other barons, and having established the liberties of Battel, obtains judgment of restitution.] Pr.s]erat ejus temporibus domini regis forestariis qui- dam Alanus de Nova- villa vocatus, qui ex coneessa sibi potestate satis malitiose innumeris et insolitis qusestioni- bus diversas per Angliam provincias vexabat. Quia enim nee Deum nee homines verebatur, neo eeclesiastieis nee secularibus parcebat dignitatibus. Domino itaque rege in transmarinis agente, inter ceetera iniquitatis suss opera idem Alanus in maneria ecclesise Sancti Martini de Bello infra terminos forestarum sita insurgens^ de uno eorum, scilicet Bromham, XX. solidos, et de quodam membro ejusdem scilicet Anestia dimidiam marcam, et tantum- dem de manerio de Bricthwoldintune, pro exartis vi exegit. Collecta est bsec pecunia per vicecomites pro- vinciarum^ et ad scaccarium domini regis delata, ubi a thesauriis recepta, in serario domini regis est reposita. Quo cognito, abbas unum ex monacbis suis cum cartis 1 Chron. Mon. de Bello, 110 (Ang. Chris. Soc). 174 PLACITA AWGLO-NOEMANNICA. dignitatum et libertatum suarum ad scaccariura traiis- misit ut in audientia justiciarum super hae insolita et indebita exactione eonquereretur. Monactnis vero eo pervenienSj coram Roberto comite Legacestrise et Ricardo de Luei, qui tune summam regni justiciam vice regis exequebantur, et coram aliis baronibus scaccarii conque- rens super illata injuria rem ex ordine pandit, cartas legendas proponit, restitutionem ablatorum expetit. Auditis ex cartarum testimonio ecclesise libertatibus, omnium unanimi judicio pecunia jamdicta jam per plures dies in thesauro regis reposita extrahitur, coram omnibus monaclio redditur, franguntur tallise, omnisqne ejusdem pecuniae memoria de rotulis eraditm-. The chronicler of Battel Abbey proceeds to narrate a protracted and varying series of litigations concerning the right of presentation to the chnrohes at Middlehale, Trilawe, Brantham, Branford, and Mendlesham. The church atMiddlehale had been given to Battel by king Stephen, but Eobert de Crevequeor had assumed the right of patronage. The abbot seeks justice without avail, now in the King's Court, now in the Ecclesiastical. Quiet having returned on the death of Stephen, the case is renewed under the new king " first in the Boyal Court, then in the Ecclesiastical." The case is then appealed by both sides to the pope, who refers it to two English bishops. They finally hear the cause, and give judgment in favour of St. Martin. A knight named Haymo Peohe had claimed the right of patronage of the church at Tri- lawe, which had been given to St. Martin by William Eufus, and had granted it to a clerk named William de Orbec. Orbec was, however, removed by legal proceedings, instituted "first in the King's Court, and then in the Ecclesiastical," and another appointed by the abbot of St. Martin. A vacancy now occurring by death, William de Orbec again seizes the church ; whereupon the abbot, instead of proceeding against William, brings suit against his patron, Haymo, in the Kiuo-'a Court. The parties are first summoned to London, and then (Haymo not coming, but essoigning himself for sickness) to Northampton. In the mean time, the church is sequestered into the king's hands. Haymo, by his son, confesses judgment on the reading of the char- ters. The other churches, also the gift of king Eufus to Battel, having been seized by Alan de Bellafago, who claimed title under suspicious charters of the abbot's predecessor, the abbot sues for possession in the King's Court, and the charters being pleaded by Alan, a compromise is advised by the whole court, and had. HENRY II. 175 [Abbot Walteii v. Gilbert de Baillol. About 1154.]' [The king grants his writ at the Instance of Walter, abbot of St. Martin, to John, earl of Eu, commanding him to do justice by the abbot against Gilbert de Baillol as to certain lands. The defendant evades the trial in various ways. Leave is finally obtauied to bring the suit into the King's Court, but the king's presence cannot be obtained. The cause, though much litigated before the justiciars, comes to no satisfactory conclusion. The king's presence is at last obtained, and the trial proceeds. The abbot's case is stated by a monk and by a knight. The charters are read before the court, whereupon Gilbert objects that some of them are without seals. Richard de Luci, Chief Justice, replies with contempt at the modem custom for every little knight (milUuhis) to have a seal, and the objection is overruled. Judgment for the abbot, followed by the king's writ for a survey by four knights and twelve men of the vicinage. The survey is made on oath, and the abbot reinvested with possession.] [It should be observed that tlie abbot of St. Martin had purchased part of the land, and received part as a gift, from a sub-tenant of the manor of Bamhom, with the consent of Withelard de Baillol, who held the same of the earl of Bu. Withelard afterwards dis- seises the abbot for refusing " exactions." This was temp. Henry I. The abbot is unable to gain restitution in that reign or the following, of Stephen; since "in his (Stephen's) time justice was little regarded, and he who was strongest got most." The abbot's claim is renewed on the accession of Henry II. against the successor of Withelard.] SuGCEDENTE post decessum regis Stephani inelito rege Henrico, prioris Henrici nepote, qui avita tempora renovaret, cum jam Warnerius abbas cessisset, eique vir venerabilis abbas Walterus suecessisset, idem abbas Wal- terus quo regi familiaris fieret obtinuitj sieque coram eo super jamdicto tenemento de Bernehorne, querimoniam movit. Rex igitur ad abbatis instantiam litteris suis Johanni tunc comiti Augi preecipiendo mandavit, ut abbati supradicto tenemento plenum rectum teneret^ aut si non faceret, vicecomes Sussexias hoe faceretj ne rex inde amplius clamorem audiret. Gilebertus vero de Baillol, 1 Chron. Mon. de Bello, 106 (Ang. Chris Soc). 176 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. qui tune temporis dominus fundi videbatur/ super hoc multis modis eonventus, et per comitem, vicecomitem, abbatem et suos requisitus^ per plurimum temp us actum subterfugitj et ne conflictum iniret multipliciter dissimu- lavit. Unde licet plurimum tempus casso labore consu- meretur, noluit tamen abbas cceptis desistere, sed domi- num regem tum per se, tum per suos saepe conveniens, ut causa ipsa in curiam regiam transferretur tandem obtinuit. Sed domino rege nunc in Normanniam trans- fretante, nunc in Angliam redeunte, negotiisque propriis insistente^ cum causa eadem coram justiciis qui vice regis in ejus curia praesidebant diutius ventilaretur^ licet rex nunc mandatis nunc prseceptis abbati plenitudinem justitiffi frequentissime indiceret exhiberi, nunquam tamen res digno potuit fine concludi. Domino rege tan- dem apud Clarendonam moram faciente^ post multa adversae partis subterfugia^ post dissimulationes plurimas, post abbatis et suorum fatigationes multimodas, utrique parti regia indicitur auctoritate, ut die determinato, regio tribuuali apud locum preefatum^ sine omni subterfugio et dissimulatione debeant pariter assistere. Cum igitur excusationi jam locus non esset, assunt utrinque^ domino rege pro tribunali residente. Astant in medio unus ex monacliis abbatis Osmundus nomine, et Petrus de Cliriel mileSj qui ab initio totius curiae incipientes, qualiter jam- dicta terra de Berneborne, ex parte fuerit ecclesiae Sancti Martini de BeUo data^ ex parte comparata^ qualiter post- modum ablata^ quousque etiam jam per plurimum tempus post litis ingressum transactura processum sit in causa, coram rege et ejus assessoribus ex ordine ex- posuerunt, conqueri etiam adjicientes super plurima et dispendiosa negotii dilatione, et abbatis ae suorum fre- ' He held three knights' fees of John earl of Eu. 1 Lib. Nig. 66. HBNKT 11. 177 quenti et inani fatigatione. Cum igitur jam nihil esset in quo recordation! proseeutionis caus9e possit merito contradicij curia regia in omnibus testimonium perhibente, ex regis permissione leguntur in omnium audientia eyro- grapha emptionis et donationis, sed et cartes confirma- tionum. Quibus cum quid responderet pars adversa minus haberet, Gilebertus de Baillol ne nihil objicere videreturj se prsedecessorum suorum cyrographa audisse, sed nulla sigillorum testimonia in eis se appensa causatur videre. Quern intuens vir magnificus ac prudens Ricar- dus de Luci ipsius abbatis frater, tunc domini regis justicia prima^ quaerit utrum ipse sigillum habeat. Quo asserente se sigillum habere, subridens vir illustris, " Moris,'^ inquit, " antiquitus non erat quemlibet mili- tulum sigillum habere, quod regibus et prsecipuis tantum competit personis, nee antiquorum temporibus homines ut nunc causidicos vel incredulos malitia reddebat." Cumque confirmationi Henrici regis' senioris calump- niam niteretur inferre idem Gilebertus, asserens abbatem et monachos domino regi non pro sequitate sed pro vo- luntate posse persuadere, dominus rex propriis manibus cartam et sigillum avi sui regis Henrici apprehendens, et ad eundem Gilebertum conversus, " Per oculos," in- quit, " Dei, si cartam hanc falsam comprobare posses, lucrum mille librarum mihi in Anglia conferres/' Illo ad haec, aut parum aut nihil respondente, rex subintulit Yerbum memoriale : " Si," inquit, " monachi per similem cartam et confirmationem hujusmodi jus in prsesenti loco scilicet Clarendona, quem plurimum diligo, se habere possent ostendere, nihil esset in quo eis juste possem eontradicere, quo minus eis omnino dimitteretur/' Con- ' The donation had been confirmed by Henry I. as well as by tlio earl of En. Chron. Mon. de Belle, 105. 178 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. versus igitur rex ad abbatem et suos^ " Ite," inquit, " et eonsilio habitOj invicem conferte, si forte sit aliquid cui amplius quam huic cartse velitis inniti. Non tamen vos puto ad praesens aliam qusesituros probationem." Abeuntes itaque abbas et sui super hoc consilium inituri, cartam suam ad omnem probationem esse sufficientem cognos- centes ex verbis regis ultimis^ quibus dixit^ " Non vos puto ad prsesens aliam qusesituros probationem/^ in prse- sentiam regis et assidentium habito jam eonsilio redeunt, se non alios inniti aut aliam qusesituros^ extra cartam^ probationem asserunt, nil se magis vel minus extra cartam exigere, super hoc aiitem se judicium regise curise expectare. Non babente adversa parte quid responderet, quippe cum cartam falsitatis nee auderet nee posset arguere, quia non posset probare, unanimi consensu totius curiae adjudicatum est, abbati et ecclesise Sancti INIavtini de Bello omnia debere restitui, qux cartas suae exigebat testimonio. . . . Ad regis igitur imperium fiunt litteras regio sigillo signatse, ad quatuor milites qui tunc ex ejus prsecepto vicecomitatum Suthsexis regebant celerius directEBj ut absque dilatione terram quam abbas de Bello in curia sua coram eo dirationaverat, scilicet tres wistas terrse in Bernehorne, cum toto marisco, et decimam quandam de Bocliolte, ecclesiae Sancti Martini de Bello restituerent, tarn integre et tam plenarie, tam libere et quiete tenendam, sicut temporibus regis Henrici avi sui teste carta sua tenuerant, designata prius terra ipsa, et terminis ejus peragratis per duodecim viros fideles de vieinio ipsius tenementi qui metas ejus scirent, et obligati Sacramento veritatem dicerent. Quo suscepto mandato, EicarduB de Chaaines qui unus erat ex IIII. militibus vicecomitatum Suthsexise tunc temporis regentibus, so- ciorum suorum sibi vice commissa, jamdictum tenemen- HENKY II. 179 turn adiitj sumptoque tarn ab hominibus ejusdem tene- ment! quam et ab his qui in ejus confinio habitabant sacramentOj metisque designatis, abbatem et ecclesiam Sancti Martini de Bello inde investivit. [ROBBET DE ICKLESHAM V. AbBOT WaLTEB. AbOUT 1154.] > [The abbot of St. Martin having been invested with possegsion of the lands in question in the preceding case, Robert de Icklesham, with his mother, makes an entry npon a meadow within the tenement adjudged to St. Martin, and being expelled in an at- tempt to carry oifhayj brings suit in the King's Court; claiming (before the justiciars, in the absence of the king) that, as he was not a party to the litigation with Gilbert de Baillol, he could not be bound by the judgment.^ But the men who made the survey deny his claim, and judgment goes against him, and he is amerced.] Recupbeata hoc modo, licet cum labore et difBcultate, ssepefata terra, jam que ut putabatur sopitis omnibus, cum remota omni calumpnia, nullius esse videretur mali in posterum suspicio, Robertus quidam de Yclesham cum matre sua Matilde quoddam pratum infra ambitum tene- menti iUius positum repente invasit. Cujus foenum cum vi conaretur auferre, abbas prsemunitus, congregatis viris quampluribus vim vi reppulit, et foenum, parte adversa confusa, sibi reponi fecit. Jamdictus ergo Robertus curiam domini regis adiens, et quia rex non aderat in audientia justieiarum ejus conquerens, homines qui Sacramento prsestito metas tenementi de Bernehorne, designare debuerant, aeseruit plus justo occupasse, et sic 1 Chron. Mon. de Bello, 109 (Ang. Chris. Soc). ^ This appears to have been conceded. N 2 180 PLACITA iNGLO-NOEMANNICA. ciiin non traheretur in causam, terrain suam sibi sub- latam esse. Ad ejus itaque instantem querimoniam abbas cum hominibus qui terram peragraverant ad curiam agitur, super ea quam idem Eobertus afErmabat iujus- titia^ satisfacturus. Nee cunctatus abbas mente robustus, licet corpore invalidus^ se die determinato in prsesentia justiciarum apud Wintoniam exhibuitj homiaibus secum adductis qui saepenominatum tenementum de Bemehorne peragraverant, et ejus metas designaverant. Astante Roberto de Yclesbam et super terra sua sibi subdole ut asserebat sublata conquerente, procedunt prsefati XII. viri ei in faciem resistentes, iterato sacramentum prae- stare parati, se non quidem amplius, quinimmo ne sacramenti prsestiti viderentur transgressores, minus justo suo ambitu conelusisse. Unde idem Eobertus falsse conquestionis reus esse eonvictus, omnium judicio misericordife regis addicitur. [Wife of Robeet v. Abbot of Abingdon. 1154—1158.]' [The plaintiff claims certain land which had been given by her hus- band to the defendant, alleging that it had been given her as her dowry ; but the cause being heard by many wise men, judgment is given for the defendant.] SiCQUE factum est ut ipse Robertus, toto astante con- ventu, dimidiam illam hidam super magnum altare, absque omni in posterum reclamatione, confirmaret. Postea tamen Roberti uxor asserens banc in dotem sibi 1 2 Hist. Men. Abiugd. 202 (Reo. Com.). HENEY II, 181 fuisse donatam, a rege Henrico juniore, qui post Stephanum regnavitj breve quoddam abbati Ingulfo detulit, sensum habens ut super hae calumnia rectum [faceret et'] abbatem et mulierem examinaret. Brevi autem perlecto, astante muliere, communi sapientium plurimorum, qui vocati erant, consideratione, ostensum est de terra ad earn nil pertinere. Et muliere quidem ad propria revertente, causa lisec est ita finita. [Certain Persons v. Beliardis. 1154 — 1158.]^ [The right of Beliardia to houses which she proposed to give to abbot Bichard established against the plaintiflfs by the wise men.] MuLiEE iterum qusedamj Beliardis dicta, Sturnelli cujus- dam uxor, hujus Ricardi industria provocata, post viri sui decessum domos suas altari Sanctee Marise attitulare disposuit. Sed ei talia cogitanti calumniatores quidam, qui juris sibi aliquod se habere putabant, insurrexerunt ; sed veritatis investigatione a sapientibus, qui causam utramque tractabant, utpote calumniam injustam in- ferentes, postmddum (ut rectum erat) repulsi sunt. ' These words seem necessary. 5 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 206 (Rec. Com.). 182 placita anglo-noeiiannica. [The Hoedaebe op Winchestee and Abbot Ingtjlf. 1154—1158.]' [Abbot Ingulf obtains judgment by battle as to a certain pastm-e.] IteMj tempore Ingulplii abbatis orta est contentio inter hordarium Wintoniensem et ipsum abbatem super qua- dam pastura inter OfFentonanij et Wlfricbestun, quae vocatur Sumerlese. Quae causa tam diu ventUataj donee memorata pastura per duellum est sopita, et per vieto- riam pugilis abbatis huic domui, secundum eonsuetu- dinem regni, est adjudicata. [Abbot Hamlin v. Eael William and Picot, a Cleek. 1156.]=^ [Record by Theobald, aa-ohbisliop of Canterbury, that he had heard witnesses of abbot Hamlin testify that they bad heard and seen Robert de H., by consent of his lord, grant the church of St. Gundley to the church of Gloucester ; also that he (Theobald) had heard other witnesses declare that they had seen the monks of Gloucester in possession of the church.] TheobalduSj Dei gratia Cantuariensis arcbiepiscopuSj Anglorum primas, et Apostolicse Sedis legatus^ universis SanctEe Ecclesise fidelibus, salutem. Notum esse volumus omnibus ad quos prsesens carta pervenerit, nos audivisse testes Hamelini abbatis Gloucestrise super ecclesia Sancti Gundlei, tres videlicet sacerdotes testificantes se audisse et vidisse quod Robertus de Haya, assensu Roberti filii Hamonis superioris domini, concesserit ecclesise Glouces- 1 2 Hiat, Mon. Abingd. 213 (Rec. Com.). = 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 51—55. HENRY II. 183 trite et monachis ecelesiam Saneti Gundlei^ et quod Herewaldus tunc Landavensis episcopus, a manibus Robert! de Haya receptam abbati Serloni Gloucestrise tradiditj et eum inde canonice investivit. Sed ,et alios duos ejus audivimus testes laycos, cum uno saeerdote, testificantes se vidisse monacbos in possessione ecclesise Saneti Gundlei^ et eosdem monacbos fructus percipere^ et quod sub nostro conspectu testati sunt, consequenter juramento confirmaverunt. Ista audivimus et vidimus, et bsee testamur, etc' [Theobald reports that he gave judgment accordingly, but that the defendant, earl of G., refused obedience. He asks for an enforce- ment of the judgment.] Theobaldus, Dei gratia Cantuariensis arcbiepiscopus, Anglorum primas, Apostolicse Sedis legatus, venerabili- bus fratribus et amicis Roberto Batboniensi, et Jobanni Wygorniensi episeopis, salutem. Quod a nobis super ecclesia Beati Gundlei gestum est, et qua ratione eam Hamelino abbati et monachis Gloucestriee, restituimus, praesenti scripto vobis significamus. Quoniam igitur W. comes Gloucestrise ad diem per- emptorium, ante nostram praesentiam, omnino apparere contempsit, et Hamelino abbati et monachis Gloucestriae super ecclesia Beati Gundlei respondere, qua eos injuste spoliaverat, sententia canonica dictante, ipsi abbati et ejus monachis praefatam ecelesiam canonice restituimus. Quod si prsescriptus comes eos contra sententiam difBni- tivam, qua ill am ecelesiam adepti sunt, et a nobis inde investiti, vexare praesumpserit, ecclesiastica ultione eum secundum ofEcium vobis per dyceceses vestras injunctum coerceatis et compescatis, et sententiam quam dominus Landavensis episcopus in eum horum occasione protulerit iSio. 184 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. et vobis demmciaverit firmiter per vestras dyceceses observari praecipiatis quousque resipiscatj et ablata integre eis restituat. [Record of judgment against Pioot, a clerk, inducted into St. Gnnd- ley apparently by earl William ; trial before a synod on oatt of witnesses.] Veaerabili domino patri suo carissimo Theobaldo, Dei gratia Cantuariensi arcbiepiscopo, Anglorum primati et Apostolicse Sedis legato, Nicbolaus, Landavensis ecclesiae minister bum.ilisjsalutem et devotam obedientiam. Cele- brata synodo apud Kayrdif juxta mandatum vestrum, delecte pater, quae per abbatem Gloucestrise ibidem ac- cepimus, diligenter inquisivimus veritatem causae quae inter ipsum abbatem et Picotum clerieum agitabatur super ecclesia Saneti Gundlei de Novo Burgo ; et tandem judicio synodi mandati vestri formam secutee, acceptis prius legitimorum testium juramentis tarn super mona- ebatu Picoti quam super possessions abbatis, Glouces- trensem ecelesiam in possessionem praefatae eeelesiaB Saneti Gundlei quafuerat absque ordine judiciario desti- tuta, reduximus. Et quoniam eandem ecelesiam ad jus Gloucestrensis ecclesiEepertineretotius synodi recordatione cognovimus, supplicandum duximus paternitati vestrse utj confirmato quod a nobis actum est, ita praedictse ecelesiee foveatis justitiam, ne denuo quod injuste diu passa est detrimentum incurrat. Valeatis, etc.' [Theobald's writ of confirmation of the judgment, with direction to induct the abbot of Gloucester into the church of St. Gnndley.] Theobaldus, Dei gratia Cautuariensis arcbiepiscopus, Anglorum primas, et Apostolicae Sedis legatus, venerabili fratri et amico Nicholao, Landavensi episeopo, salu- tem. Accepimus ex tenore litterarum vestrarum quod > Sic. HENEY II. 185 judicio synodi Landavensis ecclesiae, ecclesia Sancti Gundlei de Novo Burgo restituta sit etiam vestra auc- toritate abbati et monachis Gloucestrensis monasterii. Nos ergo judicium illud ratum habemus, et quod inde fecistis patroeinari per omnia volumus. Si vero clavem ecclesise quis detineat, ut dicitur, vos ad ecclesiam illam in persona vestra accedatis^ et nisi sacrilegus ille detentam clavem reddiderit^ vos clavem novam nostra auctoritate faciatisj et ecclesiam aperiatis et corporalem investituram abbati Gloueestrisej tarn de ecclesia Sancti Gundlei quam de domibus et ofEcinis et omnibus ad earn pertinentibus, absque dilatione exhibeatis. Et si quis vobis restiterit, vel abbati beneficia ecelesiffi detinuerit, vel quamlibet molestiam ei irrogaverit, vos eum ecclesiastica disciplina coerceatiSj et in omnibus confidenter agatis, quia in bac re pro ecclesia Gloucestrise per omnia vobis validum prse- stabimus patrocinium. Valete. [Another confirmation by Theobald to all men of the church, record- ing the judgment that had been rendered by his bishops in faTour of the abbot of Gloucester.] Teobaldus, Dei gratia Cantuariensis arcbiepiseopuSj totius Anglise primas, Apostolicee Sedis legatus^ venerabili fratri et amico Nicholao^ Landavensi episcopo, et universis aliis Sanctse Ecclesise fidelibus, salutem. Visis cartis monasterii Beati Petri Gloueestrise, et juramento mul- torum testium sanse opinionis accepto super ecclesia Beati Gundlei de Novo Burgo^ ex quibus cum aliquotiens con- troversia in nostra preesentia inter Willelmum comitem Gloueestrise et Hamelinum abbatem prsefati monasterii super eadem ecclesia agitata fuissetj intelligentes illam ecclesiam ad jus jam dieti monasterii pertinere, consilio venerabilium nostrorumj videlicet Hillarii Cyeestrensis, et Roberti Bathoniensis, et Jocelini SaresbiriensiSj et 186 PLACITA ANGLO-NOKMANNICA. Nigelli Elyensis, et Nicholai Landavensis episeoporum, prsedietam ecclesiam Beati Gundlei abbati et monachis Grloucestrise adjudieavimus. Deinde inspecta carta prge- fati comitisj advocati hujus eeclesiae; qua illam ecclesiam cum omnibus pertinentiis suis prsedicto monasterio liberam et quietam in perpetuum coneessitj et dedit, et confirma- vit ; ne^ lapsu temporum, quod vel ante nos vel per nos super eadem ecclesia factum est, in irritum posset revocari, auctoritate qua fungimur ssepedictam ecclesiam cum om- nibus ad eam pertinentibus monasterio Gloueestrise in elemosinam perpetuam concessimus, et praesentis seripti munimine confirmamus ; et eam ita confirmatam in per- petuum esse concedimus. Haec autem eonfirmatio facta est in anno millesimo centesimo quinquagesimo sexto ab Incarnatione Domini, et decimo septimo kalendas Junii. Valete. [Confirmation by Nicholas, bishop of LlandafF, recording the judgment.] Universis Sanetse Matris Ecclesiae filiis, Nicholaus, Dei gratia Landavensis episcopus, salutem et benedictionem. Noverit caritas vestva, quod concedimus, et prffisenti carta confirmamuSj ecclesise Sancti Petri Gloucestrire ecclesiam Sancti Gundlei de Novo Burgo cum omnibus ad earn pertinentibus. Celebrata namque synodo apud Kayrdif totius cleri, recordatione eognovimus eandeni ad jus monacborum Gloueestrise pertinere, et prsecedente domini Cantuariensis mandate, et regis Henrici junioris prsecepto, Hamelinum abbatem Gloueestrise et monachos suos retro- actis eam temporibus possedisse legitimis testibus eom- probavit, et probatam possessionem totius synodi judicio recuperavit. Volumus igitur et pr^cipimus ut monachi Gloueestrise quiete possideant in perpetuum prsedietam ecclesiam cum omnibus ad eam pertinentibus. Et ne ab HENKY II. 187 aliquo deinceps injuste super eadem fatigetur sub ana- themate prohibemus. [Another confirmation by Nicholas.] NicholauSj Dei gratia Landavensis episcopuSj universis Sanctse Ecclesise fidelibus^ salutem et dilectionem in Domino. Quod a majoribus nostris, ratione et justitia dictante, constitutum est, hoc merito ratum habere et confirmare debemus. Unde est quod ecclesiam Sancti Gundlei de Novo Burgo, ecclesiae Beati Petri de Gloueestria a domino et patre nostro Theobaldo Cantua- riensi arehiepiscopo adjudicatam, cum omnibus perti- nen'tiis suis, quantum ad nos spectat, concedimus. Et ut judicium hoc, cui interfuimus, et recto juris tramite factum esse non ambigimus, illibatum permaneat, memoratam ecclesiam Sancti Gundlei ecclesiae Sancti Petri, et Hamelino abbati et monachis Gloueestrije sigilli nostri munimine confirmamus. Valete. [The following letter of Nicholas appears to relate to the same litigation : — ]' Venerabili domino et patri suo carissimo Theobaldo, Cantuariensi Dei gratia arehiepiscopo, Anglorum primati, et Apostolicse Sedis legato, Nicholaus, Landavensis ecclesise minister, salutem et debitam cum omni devo- tione obedientiam. Noverit paternitas vestra Johannem, Dunewaldum, et Uganum, Gilebertum, et Jacobum, Uganum, et Ruelen, quos abbas Gloucestrise in causa super eeclesia de Novo Burgo testes produxit in prae- sentia nostra, boni testimonii viros, et comprovincialium suorum judicio tales esse qui merito debeant in testimo- nium veritatis admitti, siquidem quatuor ex ipsis Johan- nem scilicet, et Dunewaldum, Gilebertum, et Uganum, 1 Chron. Men. Glouc. 56 (Eec. Com.). 188 PLACITA AN6L0-N0UMANNICA. ad sacros ordines canonice primates fuissej et a die ordinationis suae in officio sacerdotali usque nunc irrepreliensabiliter ministrassej alios vero tres dies suos innocenter et sice querela duxisse coguovimus. Testi- monium autem eorum non solum fama consentiens roboratj verum etiam et nos ab aliis legitimis viris qui in praesenti vita adhuc supersunt necnon et ab aliis qui jam universae carnis viam ingressi sunt. Idem quod ipsi asserunt se vidisse dudum accepimus, cuna ecclesia Gloucestrise motam ssepius diebus preedecessorum meorum super preedicta ecclesia controversiam suscitaret. Extant et aliij tarn de bominibus comitis Gloucestrise quam de alicniSj qui veritatem abscondunt malivolentiam ipsius incurrere metuentes, sed ad earn testificandum, si necesse fuerit abbati, vestra poterunt si placet auctoritate compeUi. Valete. [Monks of Boudsley. About 1156.]' [Writ of Nigel, bishop of Ely, directing the sheriff of Gloucester to protect the plaintiffs in the possession of certain lands, and to do right to them upon the men who did violence to them, con- trary to the Hug's writs.] NiGELLUS Eliensis episcopus et baro de Scaccarioj vice- comiti de Glowecestrescira salutem. Prsecipimus tibi, ut facias monacbos de Bordesleia tenere suam terram. de Cumbe bene et in pace, sicut saisiti sunt per breve regis. Et vide ut habeas ad opus regis quod rectum est de ilb's qui vim intulerunt prsedictis monachis super brevia regis. Testibus Willelmo Cumin et Johanne Marescallo apud Westmonasterium. ' Madox, Hist. Exch. 142 (fol. ed.). HENRY II. 189 [Church or York v. Church op Gloucester. 1157.]' [Record of judgment of composition between the parties as to certain lands ; the dispute having been carried to the pope, and by him delegated to certain bishops, and the trial finally taking place before bishops, abbots, deacons, archdeacons, priors, canons, constables, barons, and stewards.] Rogerius, Dei gratia Eboracensis archiepiscopuSj et Robertus secundus deeanuSj et totum Eboracensis ecelesise capitulum, universis Sanctee Matris Ecclesiae filiisj salutem et benedictionem. Ne quod ad ecelesise pacem perpetuam et quietem pia bonorum soUieitudine proeuratum est, valeat in posterum quacunque cujuslibet machinatione, dolo, vel malignitate rescind!, seripto praesenti testificandum et vestrse communicandum notitise duximus, quis protractse aliquamdiu inter Eboracensem ecclesiam et Gloucestriam supra hiis terris Berthone, Stanedis, Leccbe, Otintone, controversise finis extiterit. Illustris siquidem et carissimi domini nostri regis Anglorum Henrici secundi, episcoporum etiam quibus erat a domino papa Adriano quarto causae ipsius cognitio delegata, Roberti videlicet Bathoniensis, Jocelini Saresburiensis, Roberti Exoniensis, aliorum quoque plurimorum consilio, et monitis acquiescentes, elegimus amicali magis compositione rem finire, quam in alteru- trius partis gravamen sententise judicialis ambiguo fini submittere. Transactionis itaque modus hie est. Ecclesia Glou- cestriae, de terris ipsis quse in calumnia fuerant, concessit viginti quatuor libratas Eboracensi ecelesise, pro quibus dedit ei totam Otintonam cum hominibus qui in ea erant et omnibus pertinentiis suis, et duas hidas terrse in Cundicote cum pertinentiis eorum, et totam Scerdin- 1 2 Chron. Mon. Gloac. 105 (Reo. Com.). 190 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. tonam cum hominibns qui in ea erant et omnibus pertinentiis suis in eadem Eboracensi ecelesiaj a lite quam adversus Gloueestrensem ecelesiam intendantj omnino recedent. Ecclesia vero Eboracensis^ in prsesentia regis et totius curise ipsius audientia, calumnise et juri siquid habebat in Berthone, Stanedis, et Leeche^ sive membris earum et appendieiis omnibus atque pertinentiis prseter supramemoratam Serdintonam, in perpetuum renunciavit ex totOj ita nimirum quod nunquam ab hae deinceps eompositione resUiet ; neque per se, neque per alium futuris temporibus Gloucestrensis eeclesise super hiis quae prsedisimus uUam omnino molestianij inquietu- dinem^ vel controversiam suscitabit. Haec autem facta fuerunt anno Dominieae Incarnatio- nis millesimo centesimo quinquagesimo sejjtimOj idus Decembris, apud Gloueestriam^ sub prsasentia^ sicut dictum est, regis et eorum quos supramemoravimus episcoporum^ testimonio etiam venerabilium virorum Gileberti Herefordensis, Nicbolai Landavensis episeopo- rumj Regerii Teokesbiriae, Reginaldi Persorensis, Gervasii Wynchecumbensis, Reginaldi Radingensis abbatum, Radulfi Herefordensis, Yvonis Wellensis decanorum, Rogeri de Ramesbiria, Jordani Savesbiriensis arcbidia- conorum, Petri Bathoniensis, Walteri Abbendoniensis priorunij Hugonis de Cliffordej Gaufridi de Clifforde canonicorum HerefordisBj Radulfi. Angliei, Petri fratris episcopi Exoniensisj canonicorum ExoniEe^ Roberti comi- tis Ligrecestriae, Patricii comitis SaresbiriensiSj Henrici de Exessa constabularii regis, Humfridi de Bobun, Ricardi de Lucy, Ricardi de Humez, Henrici de Poutefracto, Walteri de Herefordia, W. de Bellicampo, Willelmi iilii Jobannis, Henrici de Oilly, Helyae Giffardi, et Helia3 filii ejus, Rogeri de Berkelay, baronum regis, HBNEY II. 191 Roberti de Wattevilla, Henrici de Herefordia, Manaser Biseth dapiforum regis. Compositionem banc per me met ipsum et eos qui mecum gerebant istud Eboracensis ecclesiae negotium, scilicet WiUelmum cantorem Eboraceusem, Johannem thesaurarium, Robertum tunc quidem arcbidiaeonum, postea vero decanum Eboracensem, et Tbomam prae- positum Beverlaci et regis cancellarium/ WiUelmum arebidiaeoBum Notingbamise, Jobannem filium Letoldi eanonicum Eboraci, Osbertum Arundel canonieum Bever- lacij primo quidem coram curia regis bine inde con- cessam, deinde vero tam assensu totius capituli quam sigillo ecelesite Eboracensis in ea quss sequenti annOj pridie nonas Maii^ celebrata fuit Eboraci synodo, roboratam, ut rata sit et in perpetuum inconeussa permaneat, ego Rogerius arcbiepiseopus Eboracensis impressione sigilli mei subscriptione manus proprise confirmavi. [This case, as appears above, had previously gone to the pope (be- tween 1145 and 1153), and was now sent back for trial. While before the pope, several depositions were sent, besides charters of confirma- tion by William the Conqueror, Henry I., and Stephen, all on behalf of the church at Gloucester. Nothing is said of the evidence pro- duced on the other side. The charter of WUliam the Conqueror ap- pears to be in confirmation of a judgment in favour of the church at Gloucester against the archbishop of York. It will be found ante, p. 29. The depositions sent to the pope were as follows : — ] 2 Reverentissimo patri et domino Eugenio summo pon- tificij frater Rogerus abbas Teokesburise^ debitam volun- taria subjectione reverentiam. Sciens neminem debere confundi coram sublimitate vestra pro veritate testi- monium perbibeo veritati. Quinquaginta nimirum et sex annis in confinio Gloueestriae vivens in babitu religionis, omnibus biis vidi Gloucestrensem ecclesiam I Thomas k Becket. ^ 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 110—112. 192 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. terras istas Otintonam, Lecche, et Stanedis, continue tanquam proprias tenuisse. Nihilominus etiam quantum et patrum scriptis et eorundem narratione firmari potest, indubitanter agnovi quod easdem retroactis temporibus ex antiqua Merciorum principum donatione possederint. Haec itaque vera sciens esse tanquam vera testifieor. Valeat vestra paternitas, etc' Patri suo et domino Summo Pontifici Eugenio^ frater Thomas de Peresore dictus abbas, et fratrum ejusdem eeclesisB conventus humilis, voluntarium siquid possunt humili devotione servitium. De querela quam adversus eeclesiam Gloucestrise movit archiepiseopus Eboraeensis, tam scriptorum veritate, quam fide digna relatione, ita nos prffidecessorum nostrorum certificavit auctoritas, quod aliquatenus dubitare non possumus prsedictam eeclesiam nihilominus juris habere in terris quas calum- niatur dominus Eboraeensis, videlicet Lecche, Stanedis, et Otintone, quam in hiis de quibus constat quod eas continue a prima sui fundatione tenuerit. Nam sub rege Merciorum Adelredo, emensis inde jam quad- ringentis, et eo amplius annis a subregulo Hunctiorum^ Osrico qui regnum postea No'rdanhimbrorum obtinuit, in qnibusdam earam fundata, quibusdam vero a quodam JElmundo ingeldinc,' et rege itidem Mercioi-um Bernulfo postmodum ampliata, omni etiam atate nostra sic easdem continue possedit, quod nunquam eis ad momentum destituta fuit.' Habet hujusmodi Gloucestrise ecclesia rationes quibus prsedictarum terrarum tam possessionem quam integrum sibi jus suum conservari posse confidit, si ei solummodo patrocinii vestra gratia non defuerit, ' Sio. = ■Wicciornm. ' Probably for " in geldinge." ^ The litigation temp. William I. shows that this was not true. Ante, p. 29. HENRY II. 193 cujus si ad meritum sanctitas vestra respexerit, credimus quod facile a vobis opem quam desiderat impetrabit. Ipsa namquej tarn disciplinae regularis observantia, quam sustentatione pauperum hospitalitate laudabili, omnium se bonorum favore dignam semper exhibuit, et univer- sorum quos opfcimo su8b sanctitatis odore perfudit in amorem sui animos et corda eonvertit. Hsec quia vera scimus, tanquam vera testificamur opportune loco et tempore testimonium nostrum eo quo decreveritis modo probaturi. Valeat in seternum sanctitas vestra in Christo dilecte pater. EugeniOj Dei gratia Summo Pontifici patri suo et dominOj Robertus abbas Alencestrise^ devotum animum et ad obediendum domino patrique pronitissimum. Sublimitati vestrse, dilecte pater, iiotum facimus, quod omnibus propemodum eeclesiis in episcopatu Wygorniensi certum esse non dubitamus, siqua namque fides an- tiquitati habenda est, siqua patribus quibus in ordine et religionis institutione successimus exhibenda auctoritas, eorum etiam quEe ob veritatis attestationem in scripta publica redaeta sunt, si quomodo fida relatio de jure Gloecestrensis ecclesise in terris hiis Stanedis, Leeche, Ottintona, dubitare non convenit quam a diebus antiquis in hiis fandatam et hiis Merciorum regum largitione dotatam, cronicorum recordatio et praedecessorum nos- trorum attestatio ad nos devoluta convincit. Cunctis quippe diebus nostris Gloucestrensem eeclesiam prsedictas terras continue usque hodie possedisse cognovimus, et eam, ut dictum est, ab exordiis suis in hiis fundatam, scriptis et patrum testimoniis intelleximus ; et ne in praesentia vestra obscuritatem Veritas patiatur, sub- limitati vestrse tam visa quam audita significamus, quai 194 PLACITA Al^GLO-NOEMANNICA. etiam juxta mandati vestri auctoritatenij si fuerit oppor- tunitas concessa, probare parati sumus. Ad honorem Ecclesise sues paternitatem vestram per longa tempora ineolumem divina conservet gratia, in Christo, dilecte pater. Universis Sanetee Ecclesise filiis, humilis Lantlioniensis conventus. In veritatis testimonio stare est, in con- ventu nostro frater quidam concanonicus noster W. filius Odonis vocatus, vir magnus dum sseculo militaretj major autem modo Deo serviens, qui regi Willelmo secundo coUateralis puer audivit totam abbatiam Glou- cestriae arcbiepiscopo Eboracensi a sede sua tempore persecutionis fugato, tunc abbate vacantem, ad sui sustentationem committi. Pace autem reformata, rediit archiepiseopus ad propria, monacbis omnia quse acceperat sine diminutione relinquens. Et exinde, sicut asserit prffidictus frater, LXV. annis transactis monacbi pree- dieti quiete et inconcusse res suas possiderunt, nominatim Stanedis, Leccbe, Berthone, Otintone, quse proprii esse juris ecclesiffi Gloucestrise testatur. Haec ad notitiam prsesentium et futuromm scripta et sigillo nostro sig- nata relinquimus. Hsec frater saepedictus in conspectu omnium loco et tempore paratus erit probare, sicut jus dictaverit et ratio. Valeatis, et mutuum orationis munus nobis impendite. Eugenio, Dei gratia Summo Pontifici, patri suo et domino, Radulphus, prior et conventus Sanctae MariaB Wygornensis ecclesise, salutem et debitse famulatum obedientise. Sanctse sublimitati vestrse, pater reveren- tissime, scripto notificamus -quss vel scriptis vel patrum HENRY II. 195 testimoniis vera esse intelligere potuimus de jure Glouees- trensis ecclesise in hiis terris, videlicet Stanedis, Lecche, et Otintona. Siquidem cronicorum recordatione et prse- decessorum nostrorum attestatione didicimus Glouces- trensem ecclesiam a diebus antiquis in hiis supradictis terris fuisse fundatam, et regmn Merciorum largitione hiis dotatam. Cunctis etiam diebus nostris vidimus et cognovimus eandem Gloucestrensem ecclesiam preenomi- natas terras continue usque hodie possedissej et earn, ut diximus, ab exordiis suis in hiis fundatam fuisse. Haec ita constare quemadmodum vestrse sublimitati suggeri- mus, juxta vestrae diseretionis auctoritatem et prudentiss dispensationem, probare parati sumus. Valeat per longa tempora ad honorem Ecclesise suae piissima paternitas vestra, etc' Patri suo et domino Summo Pontifici Eugenio, frater Ricardus, Eveshamensis eeclesiffi dictus prior, et humilis e]'usdem ecclesise conventus, debitum in omnibus obedien- tiffl famulatum. Pratrum, domine, caritate commoniti testimonium damns veritati, testificantes cum fiducia quod ab illis certa relatione cognovimus, de quorum probata religione non dubitamus. Constat enim quod maneria ilia quae sibi vendicat dominus Eboracensis, scilicet Lecche, Stanedis, et Otintone, ad dominium Gloucestrensis ecclesise de legitima ratione pertineant, ea namque sibi a longe retroactis temporibus Merciomm principum largitione donata, cunctis utique diebus vitae nostrse sic tenuit ut eorum possessione continua, nee ad momentum aliquando destituta sit. Hsec vulgo nota sunt, adeoque omnibus ista inculcavit antiquitas, ut pauci sint apud nos qui non hsec a patribus audita cognoverint 1 Sic. O 2 196 PLACITA ANGLO-NGEMA.NNICA. et memorise commendaverint. UnJe et nos ad hsec pro- banda quse diximus prout ipsi iusseritis parati sumus. Valeat in perpetuum pater et noster dominus. Universis Sanctse Matris Ecclesiee filiis, David Wygor- niensis coenobii quondam prior, salutem. In estremo dierum meorum positus, veritatem rei vobis insinuo, super ealumnia quam Eboracensis arebiepiscopus habet adversus ecclesiam Beati Petri Gloucestrise, quatinus vos idem communiter sapiatis, et si necesse fuerit tanquam veritatis filii testimonium vestrum huic veritati non negetis. Ego ipse, si quando tractandum est placitum interesse daretur, candentem ferri laminam vel quicquid sequitas justitiae dictaret ampleeterer, nihil hesitans. Hoc igitur coram Deo et Sanctis ejus contestor, quod eeclesia Beati Petri Gloucestrise villas istas, scilicet Bertbone, Lecche, Otintone, ab ipso tempore sanctunoniaHum quse prius ibidem habitaverunt, possedit et possidet ; Stanedis vero ex donatione Beornulphi eomitis consecuta est. Et licet Aldredus ecclesite nostras episcopus, qui postea Ebora- censis arebiepiscopus, aliquamdiu Lecche, Stanedis, Otin- tone, ob quod construendum supranominatum monaste- rium Beati Petri Gloucestrise permissione Wlstani abbatis cognati sui retinuerit, Berthonam autem nun quam, neque in prsedictis maneriis eadem eeclesia plenarie domi- nationis jus vel investituram amisit. Hoc in eartis et cronicis legi. Hoc ex relatione veridiconun testium eognovi et didici. Hoc ego testimonium veritatem scire volentibus sigUli mei impressione confirmavi. Hujus rei sunt testes Robertus venerabilis abbas Alecestriae bonae memoriae et magnae auctoritatis, Warinus prior Wygomiae, totusque conventus ejusdem ecclesise. Valete. It is interesting to observe the offer of proof by these deponents ; — HENRY II. 197 in Bevei-al cases, in such manner as may be ordered, and in the last case, by the ordeal of fire j— like the act of the parties to a trial. Thus was supphed the place of the sanctity of an oath. Compare Eaiualdus v. Abbot of Gloucester, post. [Abbot Walkelin v. Tuestin Basset. 1158?]' [Abbot WalkeHn, alleging that he has been disseised by the defendant of a certain tithe, obtains a writ from the king commanding hia restoration upon establishirig his claim (the writ also providing for the trial of the right to certain land iu the possession of the defendant). The trial comes on, and the pladntifif recovers the tithe by the testimony of the county. As to the land, see ante, p. 167. Tempore quo Turstinus Simonis fiUus terram et ecclesiam de Mercham, ut supra diximus, ^ injuste tenebat, decimam quoque ejusdem villse saisavit^ quse ad ecclesiam illam noa pertinebatj sed ad luminare altaris hujus ecclesise. Ea de causa quidam ex fratribus ad regem trans mare dirigiturj ut per ejus justitiam. et auctoritatem rectum suum ecclesiffi restitueretur. Quod et ita factum, est; rediens enim frater, qui missus fuerat, breve a rege transmissum in hsec verba reportavit : HenrieuSj rex Angliffij et dux NormanniEe et AquitaniaB, et comes Andegavise, vieecomiti suo et ministris suis de Berchesciraj salutem. Si ecclesia de Abbendona habuit decimam de Mercham ad luminare ecclesiffij tempore Henrici regis^ avi mei^ et anno et die qua fiiit mortuus et vivus, et postj et inde sit dissaisita injuste et sine judicio, tunc prsecipio quod sine dilatione inde eam resaisiatis ; et ita bene, et in pace, et libera, et juste, et quiete, tenere faciatis sicut melius et liberius tenuit tem- > 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 225 (Rec. Com.). i Ante, p. 167. 198 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. pore Henrici regis, avi mei. Et prsecipio quod quando Turstinus filius Simonis redierit in Angliam quod abbas Abbendonise plenum rectum habeat de terra quam prsedictus Turstinus filius Simonis tenet de feudo abbatiae ; et si abbas poterit disrationare quod non defecerit de recto prsedicto Turstinus in curia sua, abbas inde ei in curia sua rectum teneat. Teste magistro Jobanne de Oxeneford ; apud Turonis. Cum vero perlectum esset regis breve in pleno comitatu, et manifeste compertum, totius comitatus testimonio, quoniam prsefata decima ad luminare altaris Sanctae Mariae pertineret, et quod cam Turstinus injuste tenebat, vicecomes, ex parte regis, ilium dissaisiavit et earn altari cui adjaeebat restituit. Qualiter autem ecclesia cum terra coram rege disrationata fuerit, superius in gestis venerandi abbatis Vincentii memoravimus.' The above writ appears to unite the purposes of the ■writ of novel disseisin and the writ of right, though as to distinct properties. [Men ot Wallingfoed ajsd Oxford v. Abbot Walkelin. 1158?]^ [At the suit of men of Wallingford and Oxford, the king (being in Normandy) prohibits the abbot of Abingdon from holding mar- ket, except for the sale of cheap articles, until he can return and try the right of market claimed by the abbot, and denied by the men of W. and 0. Violence on both sides follows ; the king's constable of Wallingford having proceeded to enforce the king's writ. The men of W. and 0. now hasten to the king and obtain 1 Ante, p. 167. = 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 227 (Reo. Com.) HENRY II. 199 another writ directing the earl of Leicester to ascertain by in- quisition whether the church of Abingdon had exercised a full market in the time of Henry I., and to give judgment accord- ingly. The inquisition of the fall county results in favour of the abbot. On the king's return the men of W. and 0. obtain a writ of false judgment against the abbotj on the ground of perjury of some of the inquisitors. Trial under this writ takes place in the County Court of Berkshire, before the king's justiciars, each side electing old men of impartiality. The court is divided in opinion as to the extent of the market enjoyed by the church in the time of Henry I. The earl of Leicester, who presided, now goes to the king and reports the division, at the same time testifying that he had seen the church of Abingdon in the exercise of full market ; and the king gives judgment aooordingly.] In primo tempore adventus abbatis Walkelini ad banc eeelesiam, adierunt regem istum Henricum juniorem Walingefordenses cum iis de Oxeneforde, de foro ei Abbendonensi suggerentes quoniam aliter asset quam esse deberetj vel Henrici regis^ avi sui, tempore fuerit. Multa prseterea verborum dolositate et fallaciis insistebantj ut regis assensum de foro defendendo adquirerent. Qui- bus cum rex credendum putaret^ praecepit quidem interim mercatum defendi, prseter parva venalia quae ibi vendi solebantj quousque ipse de transmarinis partibus, ad quas tunc properabat, reverteretur, et super hoc causam sub- tUius examinaret. Illi vero, accepta potestate, a fori defensioncj donee rex transfretaret, abstinuerunt ; sed postea, quasi libero utentes malitise sua3 impetu, assumpto secum regis constabulario de Walingeford, die Dominico, Abbendoniam advenerunt, ex regis verbo omnes^ qui venalia sua illuc detulerant^ abire prseeipientes, rusticisque vim inferentes. Abbendonenses autem, fori sui defen- sionem graviter ferentes^ assumpta nescio unde audaciaj omnes qui advenerant adversaries cum dedecore a villa longius abegerunt. Qua repulsione amplius adversarii ad malum instigati, regis in patriam adventum non ex- pectantes, ad eum ubi erat venerunt, et qualiter eis (non 200 PLACITA ANGLO-NOIUIANNICA. sine magna injuria regis) evenerit^ multa superaddentes vana, retexerunt. Importunitati quorum cum legig sequitate satisfaeere volens, quodam eis breve tradito, repatriare permisit.' E-evertentes vero^ et prorsus fori Abbendonensis eversionem in litteris eontineri putantes, ad justitiam Anglise, Robertum videlicet comitem Lege- cestriae/ pervenerunt. Leetum ergo est coram justitia, abbate Walkelino assistente, breve bujuscemodi babens sen sum : HenricuSj rex Anglise, et dux Normanniae et Aquitaniae, et comes Andegavise, Roberto comiti Legecestriae, salu- tem. Praecipio ut, convocato omni conventu Berchesire, XXIIII. homines de senioribus qui Henrici regis^ avi meij tempore iaierunt, eligere facias. Qui si jurare poterint quod in diebus ejus plenum mercatum in Abben- donia fuerit, ita sit et nunc. Si vero nee viderint, nee jurare poterint, ut rectum est, prohibeatur, ne amplius inde elamorem audiam. Quo perlectOj confusi sunt a spe sua qui portaverant, utpote de veritate sibi eonscii. Prfecipiente tamen comite, Adam vicecomes comitatum plenum apud Fernebiurgam eongregans, homines, qui secundum regis praeeeptum jurare deberent, electos constituit, qui cum juramento asseruerunt se rei-um omnium venalium mercatum plenis- simum inibi vidisse et interfuisse. His ita flnem habentibus, et rege ad regnum proprium reverteute, eonvenerunt ad eum jurgatores praedicti, fin- gentes juramentum falsum factum fuisse, et — quia qui- dam eorum qui juraverant de abbatia erant — quod eis utile videbatur, et non quod rei Veritas docebat, protulisse. 1 Permitted them to return to England. - Eobert de Beaumont, earl of Leicester, chief justiciar, 1154 —1162. HENRY II. 201 His verbis rex aliquantulum commotuSj prtecepit ut apud Oxeneforde iterum Walingefordenses et omnis comitatus Berchescire coram justiciis suis convenirent ; et ex utraque parte seniores viri eligerentur^ qui, secundum quod eis verum videretur, pro foro Abbendonensi jurarent. Ita tamen ut de abbatia nullus de jurantibus esset, ne sus- picarentur aliqua de causa velle pejurare. Quod cum prsecepisset rex ; ad Saresberiam profectus est, omnibus justiciis suis ad audiendum relictis. Congregati sunt ergo ut rex jusserat universi; et segregati, qui jurarent, diversis opinionibus causam suam confundebaut. Walinkefordenses enim nunquam Henriei regis senioris tempore prseter panem vel cervisiam vendi in Abbendonia jurabant ; Oxenefordenses vero (nam et ipsi jm-abant) se mercatiun inibi ampliorem caeteris, non autem plenum, ut in navibus onerariis et quadrigis, vidisse dicebant : qui vero de comitatu jurabant, plenum, omnium rerum mercatum vidisse se asserebant ; de navi- bus tantum onerariis, per aquam Tamisise currentibus, dubitabant ; abbate tamen navibus suis ad ea quse vellet utente. Comes autem Legecestrise, qui justitia et judex aderat, eorum videns opiniones variare, nihil super hoc judicare prsesumpsit; sed ad regem profectus, ei qusB gesta fuerant indicavit. Ne tamen rex de rei hujus veritate inscius dubitaret, idem comes plenum Henriei regis tempore se testatus est vidisse mercatum ; et, quod ulterius est, cum adhuc puer esset, et apud Abbendonam nutriretur regis Willelmi tempore. Rex autem tanti viri testimonio delectatus, plus soli verum dicenti creden- dum sentivit, quam multis per contentionem a veritate discordantibus. Interea rege apud Radingam existente, eonvenerunt ad eum prsefati calumniatores, dicentes se ejus villas 202 PLACITA AXGLO-NORMANNICA. minime tenere posse, si mereatum, ut cceperat, in Abben- donia permaneret. Quibus, pro malse mentis pertinaeia, rex indignatus, eosdem a se turbulenter abegit; pree- cepitque ut a die illo mereatum plenissimum ibi asset, navibus tantum^ exeeptis, abbate tantummodo suis utente. Et ne aliquis dissipare niteretur quod Henrici regis, avi sui, tempore dispositum constabat, et ipse tune confir- mabat, calumniantibus silentium imponens perpetuum interdixit. Tamen antequam res baec ad hunc finem perveniret, non modicum pertulit abbas Walkelinus la- borem. [It appears by a Bubsequent statement of the chronicler that this right of market had been granted by Edward the Confessor. Vol. 2, p 278. The grant of Edward was confirmed by kings Henry I. and Stephen ; but it would seem from the writ aboTe given that some- thing more was necessary than a right of market, to wit, an aotnal user of the franchise — something that could be seen. The confirma- tion by Henry I. has already been given in connexion with a previous dispute. Perhaps, however, Henry II. knew nothing of the grant by his grandfather. The following is Stephen's confirmation : — ] ' StephanuSj rex Anglise, episeopo Saresberi8e,et justiciis, vicecomitibus, baronibus, et omnibus ministris et fideli- bus suis, Francis et Anglis, de Berchescira, salutem. Sciatis me coneessisse Deo et ecclesiaB Beatffi Mariae de Ab- bendonia, et Ingulfo abbati, et monachis cum eo in ea Deo servientibus, mereatum in villa de Abbendonia ad diem ,^ sicut prsedicta eeelesia, et abbates, et ipse Vincentius abbas, unquam melius vel liberius tenuerunt, et die qua rex Henricus eis dedit et concessit abbatiam. Et volo et firmiter praecipio, quod omnes homines illuc euntes et ibidem morantes, et inde redeuntes, plene habeant meam firmam pacem, ne super hsec injuste dis- ' 2 Hist. Mou. Abingd. 180 (Eec. Com.). ' An erasure. HENRY II. 203 tm'bentui'j super X. libras forisfaeturse. Testibus Willelmo de Ipra^ WiUebno de Caisu., et Ricardo de Lucij et Ricardo de Camuilla, apud Oxeneford. [Liberties of Abingdon. 1158?]' [The king's writ exempting the church at Abingdon from toll and other duties and customs.] Henricus, rex Anglise, et dux Normannise et Aquitanise, et comes AndegaviaBj justieiis, vicecomitibusj ministrisj et omnibus baillivis suis totius Anglias et portuum. maris, salutem. Prseeipio quod monaehi de Abbendonia sint quieti de omni theloneo, de passagio, de pontagioj de lestagio, et de omnibus consuetudinibus per omnes terras meas et portus maris, de omnibus rebus quas homines sui poterunt affidare esse suas proprias, sicut carta Henrici regis, avi mei, testatur. Et prohibeo ne quis eos vel. homines eorum disturbet, super X. libras forisfaeturse. Testibus Arnulpho Luxoviensi episcopo, Uuillelmo de Kesneto, Wdlelmo de Hastingis ; apud Rothomagum. [The K.ING v. Abbot Walkelin. 1158?]- [The king's writ directing an inquisition as to the number of hogs which the abbot of Abingdon, temp. Henry I., was wont to feed in the king's forest at K. The finding is that the abbot used to feed there three hundred.] Henricus, rex Anglise, et dux Normannise et Aquitanise, 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 218 (Reo. Com.), ^ lb. 221, 225. 204 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMAKNICA. et comes Andegavise, Ricardo de Luceio, et forestariis de WindresoreSj salutem. Praecipio quod sine dilatione faciatis recognosei, per sacramenta legalium hominmn de hundredo, quot porcos quietos de pasnagio abbas de Abbendonia solebat habere in foresta mea, quae Kinges- frid vocatur, tempore regis Henrici, avi mei. Et sicut recognitum fuerit, ita Uualcheliuo abbati de Abbendonia, et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus, juste habere faciatis. Teste Mansero Biset, dapifero ; apud Rothomagum. Secundum itaque praeceptum regis, per legales homines de hundredoj sacramento recognitum est abbatem Abben- doniae in foresta Kingesfrid CCC. porcos habere sine pasnagio antiquitus solere, et regis Henrici tempore habuisse. Quod et ita Walkelino abbati et suecessoribus suis ex regis jussu concessum et confirmatum est. [Monks of Abingdon. 1158?]' [The king's writ exempting the monks of Abingdon of toll, passage, and customs.] Heneicus, rex Angliae, et dux Normannise et Aquitaniffi, et comes Andegaviae, justiciis, vicecomitibus, et omnibus ministris suis Angliae^ salutem. Praecipio quod omnes res monachorum de Abbendonia, quas homines sui affida- verint suas esse proprias, ad victum et vestitum eorum, sint quietse de tholoneo, et passagio, et omni consuetudine ; et nullus eos injuste inde distm-bet, super X. libras forisfacturae. Teste Willelmo filio Johannis ; apud Wde- stocam. 1 2 Hist. Men. Abingd. 224 (Keo. Com.). HENRY II. 205 [Abbot Walkelin v. Knights and Men of Abingdon. 1158?]^ [The queen's writ commanding the defendants to perform the cus- tomary land service due to the plaintiff.] Alienor, regina Anglise, dueissa Normanniee et Aqui- taniaB, et comitissa Andegavise, militibus et hominibus qui de abbatia de Abbendona terras et tenuras tenent, salutem. Prsecipio quod juste et sine dilatione faeiatis Walkelino abbati de Abbendona plenarie servitium suum, quod antecessores vestri fecerunt anteeessoribus suisj tempore regis Henrici, avi domini regis; et nisi feceritis, justitia regis et mea faciat fieri. Teste Joseelino de Baillol; apud Wintoniam. Per breve regis de ultra mare. [Abbot of St. Augustine v. William de Roos. 1158.]^ [The king's writ commanding the defendant to observe tenure to the plaintiff of a certain wood.] Henricus, rex Anglise, et dux Normannias et Aquitanisej et comes Andegavias, Willelmo de Roos, salutem. Prsecipio tibi, quod teneas abbati de Sancto Augustino iUam communem in bosco de Plumeware-parroc, quam antecessores tui tenuerunt tempore regis Henrici avi mei; et nisi feceris, vieeeomes jus faciat fieri, ne inde amplius clamorem audiam pro penuria pleni recti. Teste Johanne Mald.^ per WiUelmum filium Martini, apud Westmonasterium. See Abbot of St. Augustine v. Bmeline de Roos, ;post, p. 207. ' 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 225 (Rec. Cora.). ■ Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 408 (Rec. Com.). 206 placita anglo-noumannica. [Abbot of Abingdon. 1159.]' [The king's writ granting permission to the abbot of Abingdon to plead by attorney.] Hbnuictjs, Dei gratia rex Angliae, et dux Normannise et AquitanisBj et comes AndegaviBe^ justiciis suis, in quorum baOliis abbas de Abbendonia habet terras, salutem. Permitto quod abbas de Abbendonia mittat senescaUum suum, vel aliquem alium, in loco sue, ad assisas vestras et ad placita. Et ideo prsecipio quod recipiatis senes- caUum suum, vel alium, quern ad vos miserit loco suo. Teste Ricardo Britone, clerico ; apud Wdestocam. [Monks of Abingdon v. The King's Bailiffs. 1159?]^ [The king's writ commanding the defendants to restore to the plain- tiffs a salt-work.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, et dux Normannise et Aqui- tanise, et comes Andegaviag, baillivis suis de Wicu, salutem. Prsecipio vobis quod sine dilatione et juste reddatis monachis meis de Abbendonia salem suum, sicut solebant habere tempore regis Henrici, avi mei. Et nisi feceritis, viceeomes mens Wirecestrescira faciat, nee inde amodo clamorem audiam pro penuria recti. Teste Jo- hanne Oxoniensi; apud Wdestocam. 2 Hist. Men. Abingd, 222 (Rec. Com.). ' lb. 223. HENRY II. 207 [Abbot of St. Augustine v. Emeline de Roos. 1160.]' [The king's writ commanding the defendant to observe customary duties to the plaintiff.] Hbnricus, rex AnglisSj et dux Normannise et Aqui- tanisBj et comes Andegavise, EmelinEe de Roos salutem. Prsecipio quod juste respondeas abbati Sancti Augustini de operibus expensis de parte tua terra de Plumstseda^ sicut tu et antecessores tui solebatis facere tempore regis Henrici avi mei ; et nisi feceris, vieecomes Cantise faciat fieri, ne amplius inde clamorem audiam pro penuria recti. Teste Ricardo arcbidiacono Lut., apud Wudestoeham. See Abbot of St. Augustine v. William de Roos, ante, p. 205. [Sheeiff of Berkshiee V. Abbot Walkelin. 1160.]'' [The defendant's predecessor, becoming old and feeble, agreed with the sheriff of Berkshire to pay him a hundred shillings yearly for attending to the interests of the abbot's men in the ooni-ts of the county. The payment of this money came afterwards to be re- garded as customary dues even from the defendant. The de- fendant finally refusing to pay any longer, the plaintiff obtains a writ from the king directing an inquisition as to the state of things in the time of Henry I. The answer being that payment was not made by the abbot at that time, judgment is given for the defendant.] Ingulfus itaque abbas, prsedecessor bujus Walkelini, quia dierum et provectae erat aetatis, et comitatus sequi non poterat, centum solidos per annos singulos plurimo tempore vicecomiti de Bercbesira dare consuevit, ea de causa, ut abbatise homines lenius tractaret, et eos in 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 409 (Eec. Com.). 2 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 230 (Eeo. Com.). 208 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. placitis et hundredis, si quid necesse haberent, adjuvaret. Quod postquam processu temporis in consuetudinem ver- sum est, centum quidem solidos de abbatia viceeomes, ac si de redditu suo essentj aceipiebat ; ipsis vero, pro qui- bus dabantur, prorsus nihil proficiebat. Cujus notitia cum ad abbatem Walkelinum perveniret, pro tali ecclesiae damno doluit ; et post annum adventus sui ad abbatiam primum, solidos dare distulit. Requisi- tus autem quare non illos centum solidos persolvissetj respondit, ne usus malus contra ecclesiam suam inoleret, cum utique priscis temporibus ita minime fuisse. Jubente vero rege, inquisita est rei Veritas, si ita Henrici regis, avi scilicet sui, tempore fuisset. Quod cum ita non fuisse in comitatu jm-amento manifestum esset, prohibuit rex solidos reddi, vel a quoquam in posterum exigi. Sic- que abbas Walkelinus centum ad se solidos, male ante annuatim perditos, retraxit, et ad usum ecclesiee amplius profuturum deputavit. [Abbot Walkelin v. Pagan. About 1160?]' [The defendant often refusing and being compelled to pay the dues owed the plaintiff for laud held of him, is summoned to court with his son (hia heir), and compelled to execute a covenant with the abbot concerning the land ; the transaction being in the abbot's chapter, in the presence of clerks and laymen.] Qtjidam Paganus nomine, homo ecclesise hujus, in villa Appelford imam hidam tenendam pro XX. solidis, singulis annis ad coquinam monachorum reddendis, acceperat. 1 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 233 (Rec. Com.). HENRY II. 209 Sed per tempus multum, prselatis sui temporis sibi faven- tibus, reddere diflferebat. Quod animadvertens abbas WalkelinuSj frequenter cum eodem Pagano egit ut eccle- sise restitueret quod injuste annuatim auferebat. Quod quamvis Paganus grave ferret, ad boc tamen constantia hujus abbatis adductus est/ ut in capitulum fratrum, cum filio quem heredem habuit, veniretj et pro ilia terra, et alia quam in Stocbes de eeclesia tenebat, cum abbate et conventu talem paetionem confirmaret. Pro damno vero prseterito, in misericordiam abbatis se posuit. Chiro- graphum autem. taliter se habet : Seiant tarn futuri quam prsesenteSj quod ego Walkelinus, Dei gratia abbas Abbendonise, totusque conventus ejus- dem eeclesise, concessimus Pagano de Appelford et here- dibus suiSj jure bereditario tenendam de eeclesia nostra in perpetuum, tenaturam suam de Appelford, et de Stocbes, excepta omni purprestura, pro XX. solidis singulis annis coquinario ecclesise nostrse reddendis, pro omni servitio, scilicet ad festum Sancti Micbaelis X. so- lidis, et ad Annunciationem Sanctse Marise X. solidis. Et ut bsec conventio firmior et stabilior baberetur, nos prsefato Pagano cbirograpbum sigillis nostris munitum contradidimus; et ipse Paganus et Robertus filius suus, ex sua parte, in prsesentia totius eapituli, et plurimorum clericorum, et multorum laicorum, juraverunt se et suos hseredes sine omni simulatione prasfatam conventionem esse servaturos. His testibus subscriptis, Clemente de- eano, Radulfo de Sancto Martino, et Rogero filio suo, Martino presbytero, et Helia clerico, Adam vicecomite, Nicbolao filio Turoldi, Jobanne de Turbervilla, Roberto de Seuecurda, et Willelmo filio suo, Jobanne de Tubeneia, 1 i.e. by Bummoua. 210 PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. et Ricardo filio suo^Wuillelmo de Leia, Bonmndo de Bed., Kanulfo de Morles, Henrico de Luuechenora, et multis aliis. [ROBEET DE MaNDETILL V. REGINALD DE WaRUEN. imz.y [Writ of right by the earl of Leicester concerning land at Digans- well.] RoBEB,TXJS comes Legrecestriae, Reginaldo de Warenna salutem. Praecipio quod sine dilatione plenum rectum teneas Roberto de Mandevillj de terra quse fuit Willelmi de Mandevill fi-atris ejus de Diganeswell cum pertinentiis suis, quam clamat tenere de te. Et nisi feceris, Robertus de Valoniis faciat. Et nisi feeerit, ego faciam fieri. Teste Gaufrido Labbe. Per breve regis de ultra mare. [Case op Heney of Essex. 1163.]* [Henry of Essex is appealed by Robert of M. of an attempt to betray the king in battle. Decision by duel, in which Henry is van- ' quished.] Nec mora, insurrexit in eum [Henricum de Esexia] Robertus de Monteforti, ipsius consanguineus, nec genere 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. 23 (fol. ed.). ^ Cliron. Joo. de Brakel. 51 (Camden Soo.). HENRY II. 211 nec viribus impar, in eonspectu principum terre dampnans et accusans eum de prodicione regis. Asseruit nempe eum in expedicione belli apud Waliam' in difficUi transitu de Coleshelle vexillum domini regis fraudulenter abjecisse, et mortem ejus sublimi voce proelamasse ; et in presidium ejus venientes, in fugam convertisse. In rei veritate, predictus Henricus de Esexia inclitum regem Henricum secundum^ Walensium fraudibus interceptumj diem clausisse credidit extremum ; quod revera factum fuisset, nisi Rogerus comes Clarensis^ clarus genere et militari clarior exeercitioj cum suis Clarensibus maturius occurris- set, et domini regis vexillum elevasset, ad corroboracionem et animacionem totius exercitus. Henrico [de Esexia] quidem resistente et^ predieto Roberto in condone^ et objeeta penitus inficiantej evoluto brevi temporis spacio, ad corporale duellum perventum est. Convenerunt autem apud Radingas pugnaturi in insula quadam satis abbatie vicina ; eonvenit et gentium multitudo, visura quem finem res sortiretur. . . ." Et jam totus desperans [Henricus], et rationem in impetum convertens, im- pugnantis, non defendentis, assumpsit officium. Qui dum fortiter percussit, fortius percussus est ; et dum viriliter impugnabat, virilius inpugnabatur. Quidmulta? victus occubuit. [John, the Maeshall^ v. Thomas A Becket. 1164.]* [Thomas h, Becket, desiring permission of the king to go to Rome, 1 1157. 2 The " et" should be omitted. 3 He sees the apparition of St. Edmund, and of a person whom ho had imprisoned and tortured until death. < 1 Eog. de Hov 224 (Rec. Com.). P 2 21^ PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. ia told that he must first answer the complaint of John the marshall for a failure to do justice to him in his (the archbishop's) court. Thomas denies the marshall' s charge, and says that John has entered the complaint in an improper form, swearing to the failure in his (Thomas's) court sziper quendam troparium; thereby doing him (Thomas) injustice. The king, however, refuses to en- tertain this suggestion, and calls for judgment by his barons against Thomas pro recti defectu. He is adjudged in the king's mercy, and ordered to give security for the payment of five hun- dred pounds.] In crastino eolloqnii venit Thomas arcliiepiscopus ad curiam regis in capella ejus/ et statim petiit ab eo licen- tiam transfretandi ad Alexandrum papam, qui ea tempestate raoram faciebat in Prancia, et habere non potuit. Dixit enim ei rex, "Tu prius respondebis mihi de injuria quam fecisti Johanni Mareseallo in curia tua.'''' Conquestus enim erat regi idem Johannes, quod ealum- niatus esset in curia arehiepiscopi terram quandam de illo tenendam jure hcereditario, et diu inde placitasset, nullam inde potuit assequi justitiam ; et quod ipse curiam arehiepiscopi saeramento falsificaverat secundum eonsue- tudinem regni. Cui archiepiseopus respondit : " Nulla justitia defuit Johanni in curia mea, sed ipse (nescio cujus consilio, an proprife voluntatis motu) attulit in curia mea quendam troparium/ et juravit super ilium, quod ipse pro defectu justitiffi a curia mea recessit ; et videbatur justitiariis curias mese quod ipse injuriam mihi fecit, quod sic a curia mea recessit ; cum statutum sit in regno vestro, ' Quod qui curiam alterius falsificare volue- rit, oportet cum jurare super sacrosaneta evangelia."" Rex quidem non respiciens ad verba haec, juravit quod ipse haberet de eo judicium. Et barones eurise regis judicaverunt eum esse in misericordia regis ; et ' Magnum Concilium at Northampton, anno 1164. 2 Versicles sung at mass. 1 Foss, 206, note, s See Glanvill, lib. 12, o. 7. HENRY II. 213 quamvis archiepiscopus niteretur judicium illud falsificare, tamen prece, et coDsilio bavonumposuitse inmisericordia regis de quingentis libris, et invenit ei inde fidejussores. Et sic a curia recedens ad hospitium suum ivit^ et propter iram et indignationem quam in animo coneeperat decidit in gravem segritudinem. The following case should be read in connexion with the above, the circumstances being continuous. [The King v. Thomas a Bbcket. 1164-.]' [Thomas is now summoned at the suit of the king to answer, the next day, a charge by the latter of peculation, before hia consecration, of the revenues of the crown. Thomas essoins himself on account of sickness, which the king, on inquiry, finds to be real ; and the case is postponed a day. Next day k Becket proceeds to court, carrying a crucifix. After appealing to the pope, he alleges in defence to the action that he had rendered full account concern- ing the revenues in question before his consecration as arch- bishop, and refuses to answer. The king calls for judgment by his barons ; and they going out, sentence the defendant to imprisonment. He prohibits execution of the sentence, and escapes.] Quod cum regi constaret, ut eum magis affligeret, statim misit ad evim, et summonuit eum per bonos summonito- reSj quod in crastino venissetj paratus reddere illi rationem villicationis suse, quam habuit in regno suo ante conse- crationem suam, Archiepiscopus autem^ sciens quod grave ei immineret exterminium si in curia venire pro- perassetj modis omnibus qusesivit dilationem : tum quia tempus summonitionis brevissimum erat, tum quia ipse graviter infirmabatur, Cumque rex vidisset quod arclii- episcopus ad diem ilium non veniret, misit ad eum 1 1 Rog. de Hov. 225 (Reo. Com.). 214 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMAUNICA. Robei'tum comitem Leicestriffi, et Reginaldum eomifcem CornubisB ad videndum Eegritudinem illius. Qui cum venissentj invenerunt ilium in leeto jacentem infirmum, et ad petitionem illius dederuut ei respectum veniendi ad curiam usque mane. Eodem die dictum erat ei et nunciatum a familiaribus regis, quod si ipse ad curiam regis venisset, vel interficeretur, vel in carcerem mitte- retur. . . . [The archbishop celebrates mass, and then goes to court, bearing his crucifix before him. The bishops try in vain to induce hini to lay it down. He meditates escape, saying that he had appealed to the pope, and calls upon the bishops to notice it ; but he does not leave. The case now proceeds as follows : — ] Tunc omnes episcopi laudaverunt ei, ut ipse satisfaciens voluntati regis, redderet ei arehiepiscopatum suum in misericordia illius, sed archiepiscopus noluit eis inde credere. Tunc mandavit ei rex per milites suos, ut sine dilatione veniret, et redderet ei plenariam computationem de omnibus receptis, quae receperat de redditibus regni, quamdiu cancellarius ejus fuit ; et nominatim de triginta millibus librarum argenti. Quibus arebiepiscopus respon- dit : " Dominus mens rex seit, quod ego ssepius ei reddidi computationem de omnibus bis quae ipse modo a me petit, antequam electus fuissem ad arehiepiscopatum Cantuarien- sem. Et in electione mea Henricus filius ejus, cui regnum adjuratum fuit, et omnes barones scaccarii, et Ricardus de Luci justitiarius Angliaa, clamaverunt me quietum, Deo et sanctse ecclesiae, de omnibus receptis et computationibus, et ab omni sseculari exactione ex parte domini regis ; et sic liber et absolutus electus fui ad hujus officii administra- tionem ; et ideo amplius nolo inde placitare." Quod cum regi constaret, dixit baronibus suis, '''' Cite facite mihi judicium de illo, qui homo meus ligius est, et stare juri HENEY II. 215 in curia mea recusat." Et exeuntes judicaverant eum capi dignum et in carcerem mitti. Tunc misifc rex Reginaldum comitem Cornubise et Robertum comitem Leicestriae ad indicandum iUi judicium de illo factum. Qui dixerunt ei, "Audi judicium tuum." Quibus archiepiscopus respondit : " Prohibeo vobis ex parte Omnipotentis Dei, et sub anathematCj ne faciatis hodie de me judicium, qui appellavi ad prsesentiam domini papse." Dum autem prsedicti comites redirent ad regem cum response illo, archiepiscopus exivit a thalamo, et progrediens per medium illorum venit ad palefridum suunij et ascendit, et exivit ab aula, omnibus clamantibus post eum, et dicentibus, " Quo progrederis, proditor ; expecta et audi judicium tuum."' [Bishop Godfeey. 1164.]^ [The king's writ commanding all tlie tenants of the abbey of Abing- don to do fealty and service to bishop Godfrey, to whom the king has committed the care of the abbey.] Heneicus, rex Anglise, et dux Normanniee et Aquitanise, et comes Andegavise, omnibus, tarn clericis quam laicis, tenentibus de abbatia Abbendonensi, salutem. Prsecipio quod intendatis Godefrido episcopo, cui commendavi abbatiam de Abbendona, tanquam abbati, de omnibus quse pertinent ad ipsam abbatiam, et faciatis ei fidelitatem et servitia, ita plenarie et integre sicut facere solebatis prsedecessoribus suis, et nisi feceritis, vieecomites in quorum baiUiis estis, vos justicient, donee faciatis. Teste Jolianne decano Seresberiensi ; apud Wdestocam. ' The archbishop then makes his escape from the hall. = 2 Hist. Mou. Abingd. 234 (Rec. Com.). 216 placita anglo-noemannica. [The King v. His Sheuiffs. 1170.]' [The king deposes nearly all of his sheriffs and bailiffs for miscondnct in office, and they all give pledges to answer for their Tvrongful acts and exactions. He then directs an inquisition on oath by all of his earls, barons, knights, frank-tenants, and villains in each county to ascertain the extent of the exactions of hia oflicers.] Peraota igitur sollenitate Paschali, perrexit inde [rex] Lundonias, et ibi magmim celebravit conciliiuii de eoro- natione Henrici, filii sui majoris, et de statutis regni sui : et ibidem deposuit fere omnes vicecomites Anglise et baillivos eorum, pro eo quod male tractaverant homines regni sui. Et unusquisque vicecomitum et baUlivi eomm plegios invenerunt de seipsis, quod ad rectum starent et adresciandum domino regi et hominibus regni^ quod eis adresciare deberent de prisis suis ; et postea fecit rex omnes homines regni sui^ scilicet comiteSj baronesj milites, francos-tenenteSj et etiam viUicanos, per singulos viee- comitatus jurare, tactis sacrosanetis Evangeliisj quod verum dicerent, scilicet quod et quantum vicecomites et baillivi eomm de eis ceperint, et quod cum judicio et qviod sine judicio, et pro quali forisfactm-a. The chronicler however adds ; " Sed magnnm damnum provenit inde genti Angliaa, quia post factam inquisitionem rex reposuit quosdam vicecomitum illorum iterum in locis suis, atque ipsi postea multo crudeliores extiterunt quam antea fuerunt." [Thomas a Becket. 1170.]" [Thomas a Becket having become reconciled with the king, the king grants his writ directing protection of him and his men, and 1 2 Florence of Worcester, 138 (Eng. Hist. Soc). ^ 1 Twysden's Scriptores, 1413 (Gervasius of Dover). HENEY 11. 217 ordering the restoration to Mm and them of their property, and an inquisition of the older knights concerning the honour of S., claimed by the archbishop.] Henkicus rex Anglise et dux Normannise et Aquitanise, et comes Andegavise, karissimo filio salutem. Sciatis quod Thomas Cantuariensis pacem mecum fecit ad vo- luntatem meam, et ideo prsecipio quod ipse et sui pacem habeant, et faciatis habere ei et suis qui pro eo exierunt ab Anglia, res suas bene et in pace et honorifice sicut habuerunt tribus mensibus antequam ipse archiepiscopus recessisset ab Anglia. Et faciatis venire coram vobis de antiquioribus et legalioribus militibus de honore de Saltwde, et eorum sacramento faciatis recognosci quid ibi habeatur de feudo archiepiseopo Cantuarise. Et quod recognitum fuerit de feudo ejus esse ipsi archiepiseopo habere faciatis. Teste Eotrodo Rothomagensi archi- episeopo apud Chinum. [William Tuupin v. Abbot Eogeb,. 1175.]' [The plaintiff obtains a writ of right as to certain land, and the cause coming on for trial in the King's Court, a fine and concord are made, the king confirming the same by his charter ; the defendant granting and warranting to the plaintiff certain land at Fenoot, at an annual rent, and the plaintiff quit-claiming (with limited warranty) the land in litigation to the defendant, with right of restoration to the land at Fencot if the plaintifi's warranty fail.] Tempore etiam istius abbatis Rogeri orta est controversia inter Willelmum Turpinum, camerarium regis, et domum 1 2 Hist. Moa. Abingd. 235 (Eeo. Com.). 218 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. Abbendonise super una hida in Diuneltune^ quam clamabat per breve de recto tenere de domo Abbendoniee. Quse controve'rsia cum inter memoratum Willelmum Turpinum et domum Abbendonise diu esset ventilata, tandem in curia regis hoc fine et tenore est sopita, sicut attestatur cartse regis Henrici Seeundi subsequens inscriptio : Heuricus, Dei gratia rex Anglias, et dux N^ormanniae et AquitaniEBj et comes Andegavise; arcbiepiscopisj epis- copis, abbatibusj comitibus, baronibus, justiciis, vice- comitibuSj ministris, et omnibus fidelibus suis, Francis et Anglisj totius Anglite^ salutem. Sciatis me concessisse, et prtesenti carta confirmassCj Willelmo Turpiuo, came- rario meo^ et heredibus suis^ terram de Fencotaj quam Rogerus abbas Abbendoniae, communi assensu totius conventus ipsius abbatise^ coram me concessit ei tenendam, pro duobus solidis annuatim reddendis eamerario abbatis, ad festum Sancti jMichaelis, pro omni servitio ad eccle- siam Abbendonise pertinente ; ita quod abbas terram illam ei warrantizabit ; et prsefatus Wdlelmus Tui-jiin totam terram quam clamabat in Dumbeltuna quietam clamavit ecclesiae de Abbeudonia, et warrantizabit illam de omni parentela sua, et contra totam progeniem Heliffij per quern ipse clamabat ; et si earn warrantizare non poterit (ipse videlicet vel sui) eeclesia de Abbendonia recipiet terram suam de Fenchote liberam et quietam de WiUelmo et suis, sicut chirogi-aphum inde inter eos factum, et carta abbatis et conventus, testatur. Quare volo et firmiter prsecipio quod idem Willelmus Turpine et heredes sui praedictam terram de Fenchota habeant et teneant in feudo et bereditate, de eeclesia de Abbendonia, et de abbate et successoribus suis, per praedictum ser- vitium, bene et in pace, libere et quiete, integre et plenarie, et honorifice, in bosco et piano, in pratis et pasturis, in IIENllY 11. 219 aijuis et piscariis, in viis ct somiliK, ct in omnibus aliis loeis ct ill lis i-oIjuh ad earn perlinentibus, et cum omnibus liljerlatibus ct liljcris consuetudinibus suis, sicut coram mu conccsKum fuit et convontionatum. Testibus G. clecto, id cstj Northwiconsi, Adam de Sancto Asaph, cpiscopis, Ricardo d(; Luci, Willelmo filio Aid., dapiferi, Radulfo filio St,, camerarii; apud Wintoniam. [Abbot Hamlin v. A cjsiitain Pekson. Ecclesiastical. 117.0.]' [Record (jf judgment obUiiiied by Uio plaintid'as to a certain ohurcli upon im i]ii(iiisiUon and charlors, in a chapter hold by commiasion of the po|jo boforo bialiop David of M.] David, Dei gratia Mcnevcnsis cpiscopus, omnibus tarn clericis quum laieis per dycecesim suam constitutis, salu- tum ct bencdiutioiicm. Causam vencrabilium f'ratrum nostnuum abbatis et monachorum Glouecstriie super ecclcsia Sancti Paterni, quam quidam tempore .hostilita- tis ipsis abHtulcrunt, et aliquantis temporibus in juste detiuucrunt oecui)atam, a domino ct patre Summo Pou- tifice Alcxaiidro nobis delegatam suscepimus cognoscen- dam,et line debito,ajipellatiorie non admissa,terminandam, Diligonter ita([ue veritate inquisita et cognita, tarn ex au1:(^uticis scriptis corum nobis per fratres suos Johannom ct Piiilippum transmissis, quam ex unanimi attestationo totius ca])ituli nostri, quoiiiam cadcm ecclcsia ad monas- tcriuin jam dictorum fratrum do jure pertineret, eandem ' 2 (Jhrou. Hon. filouo. 7G (lioo. Cum.). 220 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. cum omnibus pertinentiis suis praefato monasterio Grlou- cestriffi^ eapitulo nostro apud Sanctum David convocatOj adjudicavimus. Nos ergo banc adjudicationem memo- ratis fratribus factam eonfirmantes sigilli nostri im- pressione eommunimuSj ipsosque convocato eapitulo nos- tro apud Sanctum David in prsescriptam eeclesiam in- stituimus. Hsec autem facta sunt anno ab Incarnatione Domini millesimo centesimo septuagesimo quinto. Hiis testibus Pontic arcbidiacono.' [Abbot Eogek. 1175.]' [The king's writ commanding the return of fugitives.] Hbnuious, Dei gratia rex Angliffij et dux Normanniee, et Aquitanise^ et comes Andegavise, justieiis, vicecomitibus et omnibus baillivis suis AngliEe^ salutem. Praecipio vobis quod juste et sine ddatioiie faciatis babere Eogero abbati de Abbendonia omnes natives et fugativos suos cum catallis suis, ubieumque inventi fuerint in bailliis vestrisj nisi sint in dominio meo, qui fugerunt de terra sua post mortem regis Henrici, avi mei ; et prohibeo ne quis eos injuste detineatj super forisfacturam meam. Teste Humfrido de Buuu ; apud Oxenef ord . 1 Left incomplete. » 2 Hiat. Mon. Abingd. 235 (Rec. Com.). HENRY II. 221 [Abbot Odo. About 1175.]' [Abbot Odo of Battel seeks and obtains from the King's Conrt renewal of a decayed charter ; the court being composed of the king and Ms great men.] Unam ex eartis regis Willelmi, fundatoris monasterii de BeUo, contigit tunc temporis in ipso monasterio vetustate dissolvi. Quam cum abbas regi porrexisset, " HaeCj" inquit rex, " renovatione indigeret." Abbate ad boc respondente, " Et nos ut earn si placet auctoritate regia renovando confirmefcis supplicamus ;" " Non boc^" inquit rex, " nisi ex judicio curise meae facturus sum.^' Divertit ad bsec abbas a rege^ et virum illustrem Ricar- dum de Luci adiens, regis sibi exposuit responsum. Ad quod vir illustris Ricardus respondens, " Si nostrum," inquit, " super boc expectatur judicium, ad efFectum petitionis tuse unanimem invenies totius curiae consen- sum." Loco et tempore ex consilio viri illustris Ricardi expectato, cum post modicum rex in medio procerum suorum resideret, abbas x^rocedens cartam suam vetustate dissipatam in conspectu omnium proposuit, et ut regia auctoritate renovaretur expetiit. Eege super hoCj si faciendum esset necne, judicium procerum requirente, " Decet," inquit Ricardus de Luci, " decet vos si placet domine cartam ecclesise de Bello renovare, cujus etiam si omnes cartas perissent, nos omnes cartse ejus esse debemus, qui de conquisitione apud Bellum facta feodati sumus. Et quoniam judicium nostrum utrum faciendum sit necne exigitis, ut cartam praedictam auctoritate ves- tra confirmando renovetis adjudicamus." Rex ad bsec, vocato Waltero de Constanciis, tunc cancellario suo, postmodum Lincolniensi episcopo, et post modicum Ro- tbomagensi arcbiepiscopo, jussit cartam novam nominis et sigiUi regii secundum formam cartse veteris fieri, prse- ' Hist. Mon. de Bello, 164 (Ang. Chris. Soc). 222 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. eipiens cart83 novse imponi se confirmationem illam fecisse pro amore Dei et petitione Odonis abbatis, nomen et meritum ejusdem abbatis volens esse in recordatione. Et quoniam in cartis et munimentis, a diversis personis, diverse tempore super eodem negotio datis^ solet in. pos- terioribus priorum mentio fieri, ita ut quod posterius est videatur prsecedentium exigere testimonium hujusmodi verbisj " sicut carta ilia vel illius N. testatur/' jussit rex ne clausula ilia inserereturj sed aliam antea inusitatam ipse dictavit, et super bis quae viderat in persona propria testimonium perhibens, cartas praeeepit imponi^ boc modo : " Quoniam inspexi cartam Willelmi proavi mei, in qua praescriptae libertates et quietantiaBj et liberae consuetu- dines ab eo praefatse ecclesiae concessae continebantur/' ' Nee dedignatus est inclitus princeps super prsedicta clau- sula reddere rationem. " Si," inquit, " clausula quae suppressa est inserta fuisset^ carta posterior sine priore modicum conferret. Nunc vero nulla in posteriori de praecedentibus originalibus facta mentione, beec carta sola sufficeret, etiam si omnes alite cartae de Bello depe- rissent." His a rege dictis, exegit abbas a cancellario et obtinuit, ut sibi tres cartas unam eandamque formam secundum praeceptum regis continentes scribi, regisque sigillum singulis faceret apponi. Commissae sibi eccle- siae diligenter in hoc et prudenter prospexit^ ut quoniam possessiones monasterii sunt a monasterio plurimum re- motagj siquando quavis ex causa quamlibet trium carta- rum eontigeret, vel etiam duas extra monasterium alias deferrij una saltem earum ad manum semper haberetur in monasterio. ' This, it will be observed, is the form of the " iuspesiraus " charters very frequently used in later times. If this was, indeed, the first use of the form, it (or the reason given for it) is a further indicatiou of Henry's fertility. But the chronicler's statement needs verifica- tion. HENRY II. 223 [JuENET v. Chtjkch OF St. Edmund. 1176.]' [The plaintiflf recovers judgment against the church of St. Edmrmd for money loaned to the cellarer on bond, sealed with the seal of the convent, though the loan was unauthorized by the defendant.] In diebus illis eelerarius, sicut eeteri officiales, apprun- tavit deuarios a Jurneto judeo, ineonsulto conventu, super cartam supradicto sigillo signatam. C\im autem excrevit debitum usque ad sexaginta libras^ summonitus est conventus ad solvendum debitum celerarii. De- positus est celerarius; licet allegaret gravamen suum^ dicens quod susceperat tribus annis hospites omnes in domo hospitum ad preceptum. abbatis^ sive abbas fuerit presens sive absens^ quos debeat suscipere abbas secundum consuetudinem abbatie. The chronicler says on p. 28 : " Quodam die^ jussit [abbas] in oapi- tulo, ut quicumque sigillum proprium haberet, ei redderet ; et ita fac- tum est, et inveuta sunt triginta tria sigilla. Eacionem hujus pre- cepti ipse osteudit, prohibeus ne aliquis offioialis appruntaret aliquod debitum ultra XX. solidos, sine assensu piioris et conventus, aiout solebat fieri. Priori vero et saoriste reddidit sigilla sua, et cetera retinuit." [Archbishop Roger of York v. Bishop Geoffrey of Ely. 1176.]' [The plaintiff complains to the king, before the bishops and great men of the kingdom, in a, council at Winchester, that the de- fendant committed an assault and battery upon him at a council lately held at London. But the defendant purges himself before all in legal form of the charge.] PosTEA tamen eodem anno concilio pro pace inter ipsos 1 Chron. Joo. de Brakel. 4 (Camden Soc). ^ 1182, 3 1 Twysden's Soriptores, 1109 (John of Brompton). 22,4s PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. archiepiscopos et episcopum Eliensem facienda apud Wintoniam per regem tune ibidem existentem con- gregatoj dictus Eogerus Eboracensis arebiepiscopus coram episcopis et regni magnatibus domino regi con- questus est, quod Galfridus Eliensis episcopus in concilio cardinalis, ut dictum est/ manus injecerat in eum temere violentas. Quod Eliensis episcopus expresse negans, in conspectu regis et episcoporum circum astan- ciimi sacrosanctis evangeliis coram eo positis, de hoc in verbo veritatis legitime se purgavit, quam quidem purgationem legaliter fore factam ipse Cantuariensis arebiepiscopus in verbo veritatis attestus est. Et sic ipsi arebiepiscopus Eboracensis et episcopus Eliensis iram bine inde remittentes amici sunt. [Abbot of St. Augtjstine v. Men of Thanet. 1176.]' [The men of Thanet refnse to acknowledge the superior jurisdiction of the ohnrch of St. Augnstine of Canterbury, declining to obey summons to court there, and asserting that they can be impleaded only in their own hallmot at Thanet. The abbot elect of St. Augustine now obtains the king's writ directing a trial of the controversy in the County Court at Canterbury, and there obtains judgment.] Anno Domini millessimo CLXXVI. anno autem regis Henrici secundi XXII. mense Deeembri in vigilia Sancti TbomsB apostoli Rogerus electus beati Augustini Can- 1 Referring to the well-known scene of violence which followed upon the contention of the archbishops as to priority of place at a council of the cardinM in London, 1176. ' 2 Twysden's Scriptores, 182V (Thome's Chron.). HENRY II. 225 tuarisB et homines de Thaneto qui pertinent ad tene- mentum beati Augustini tali modo pacificati sunt. Controversia quippe inter monachos Sancti Augustini et homines de Thaneto diutius agitata est, ipsis Thane- tensibus asserentibus se ad capitalem curiam beati Augustini Cantuarise placitandi causa vel judicium sus- tinendi nullo modo debere accedere, set in halimoto suo in Thaneto omnia judicia sua exerceri, unde idem electus potestatem regiam interpellans, optinuit, quod ex regio mandato eadem controversia in comitatu Cancise debitum finem fortiretur. Die itaque constituto CantuarisB in eodem comitatu astantibus utrisque partibus in conspectu Johannis de Kardyf supplentis vices Roberti filii Ber- nard! vicecomitisj iidem Thanetenses coacti ratione sequitatis recognoverunt, se debere ad curiam Sancti Augustini Cantuarise venire quociens summoniti fuerint, et ibidem si de aliqua re erga eos querelam abbas habuerit, placitum inire et judicio curiae stare, sicut homines alterius villas. Et recognoverunt quod illud idem dirationatum fuerit contra se tempore Clarembaldi quondam electi Sancti Aiagustini, de rebellione vero sua guagium dederunt electo in maneiam ipsius, et in manu Radulphi senioris Sancti Augustini vidente- toto comi- tatu et testificante. [It was necessary to seek the king's aid again in 1180 ; in which year the following writ was granted : — ^ i Henricus, Dei gratia, rex Anglise et dux Normannise et Aquitaniae et comes Andegaviae, hominibus abbatis Sancti Augustini de Tanet salutem. Praecipio vobis, quod juste et sine dilatione faciatis praefato abbati domino vestro omnia servitia, et consuetudines, et jura ' 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 449 (Rec. Com.). 226 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. quae ei facere debetis de feodis vestris^ et quae praede- cessoribus suis facere solebatis ; et nisi feceritis^ vicecomes de Kent f aeiat fieri ; ne inde amplius clamorem audiam pro defectu recti. Teste Eanulpho de Glanvilla, apud "Wintoniam. [The controversy couoeming juriafliotion was renewed in the next reign, as the following, from the same chrouiole of Thome (2 Twys- den, p. 1842), shows : — ] Anno Domini MCXCVIII. anno scilicet regis Ricardi decimOj coram Huberto Cantuariensi arcbiepiscopo, Ricardo episcopo Londoniensi^ Galfi-ido filio Petri et sociis eorum tunc temporis justiciatiis domini regis apud Westmonasterium^ questi sunt bomines de TbanetOj quod abbas de Sancto Augustino Cantuarise exigebat ab eis servicia et eonsuetudines quae facere non deberent ; et maxime quod faciebat eos sequi curiam suam de Sancto Augustino et ibi placitare et recto stare, quod ipsi dice- bant se non debere facere ibi, set in Tbanet apud Menstre. Venerunt ergo et posuerunt loco sno ad lucrandum vel perdendum XXX. bomines in ipsa querela socios versus ipsum abbatem. Die autem constituto utrique parti, intra pascha venerunt ipsi XXX. pro aliis hominibus de Tbanet qui ad abbatem non tenebant et retraxerunt se, et judicati sunt in misericordia pro falso clamore, et Samuel et Norman remanent in prisona quia tenuerunt se cum armis in ecclesia. [Abbot Matthew v. Abbot Ranulf. 1176.]' [Subjection of the abbeys at B. and D. to the defendant adjudged in the chapter of Savigny, before abbots, prior, and siib-prior.] Fkatee Guillelmus Savignei dictus abbas, omnibus ab- ' Ecclesiastical Doc- 52 (Camden Soc). HENRY II. 227 batibus ad Savigneum pertinentibus, salutem. Notum vobis f'acimus quod postquam audivimus abbatem Ma- theum de Basinguee querimoniam fecisse in capitulo Cisterciensi de abbate Rannulfo de Billewas, quod abba- tias de Basinguee at de Dublina quas per Savigneium habebat, contra formam ordinis tenet, utrisque mandavi- mus propter bonum pacis ut ante tempus eapituli sequen- tis Savignei se prsesentarent. Et ipsi sic fecerunt. Auditis itaque in capitulo Savignei querelis et grava- minibus abbatis Matbei de Basinguee et responsis abba- tis Rannulfi de Billewas et cartis quas in eodem capitulo ab abbate R. de Curci et conventu suo de prsedietis abbatiis transactis plusquam XX. aunis acceperat, dignum duximus cum abbatibus qui aderant et cum senioribus nostris secretins inde tractare. Tunc rogavimus eos uti se ex toto consilio nostro et providencie committerent, et eonsenserunt. Nos autem, illis remotisj considerantes discreeionem et prudentiam antecessorum nostrorum qui prsefatas abbatias abbati B. et conventui de Billewas tradidenint et cartis confirmaverunt, propter necessarias causas et utiles dignum judicavimus quicquid super hsec fecerunt ratum et firmum haberi imperpetuum. Pace igitur inter eos reformata in communi capitulo nostro prsesentibus abbatibus Galtero de Neht et Moyse de Veteri Villa commendavimus abbati Ranulfo de Billewas omnem curam et ordinacionem predictarum domorum sicut filiarum suarum sicut anteeessores nostri prius commendaverant et ejus carte testantur. Injunximus quoque abbati Matheo de Basinguee et abbati A. de Dublina ut ipsi et domus sua ex toto intendant et obediant abbati et domui de Buldewas siout filii patri et sicut filie matri. Facta sunt hsec in capitulo Savignei ab[s]que uUa contradictione. Hiis testibus Roberto Q 2 2^8 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. priore et suppriorel ' Petro et Stephano de Furnesia, JoslenO qui ibi fuerat abbas, Bamaldo de Cham et toto capitulo. [The following confirmation of the above is given : — ] Frater A. dictus abbas Cistereii omnibus abbatibus ad Cistercium pertinentibus salutem. Sciatis nos prsesenti carta nostra confirmasse abbati et eonventui de Billewas abbatias de Basinguec et de Duvelina sicut primum dilectus filius noster Ricardus de Curci cum esset abbas Savigneii et postea venerabilis frater noster Guillelmus de Tolosa factus abbas ejusdem loci eas eis in capitulo Savigneii concesserunt et cartis suis confirmaverunt. Volumus itaque et statuimus quiequid super hsec fece- runt ratum et firmum haberi imperpetuum. Hiis tes- tibus Ricardo abbate Belbec, Simone abbate de Sancto Andrea, Galtero abbate de Neht, Jobanne abbate de Agneto, Girardo abbate de Lunguilers, Johanna abbate de Joravalle, Radulfo abbate de Chalochi. [The following shows that the evidences of title were furnished by deposition on inspection of deeds, instead of by transmission of the charters : — ] Reverendis dominis et patribus W. abbati de Cistercio et ceteris abbatibus ibidem in Spiritu Sancto congrega- tis W. abbas de Cumba et W. abbas de Mirival et W. abbas de Stanle salutem et sue humilitatis obsequium. Ad prsecavenda varia pericula que itinerantibus et maxime in navigatione possunt contingere visum est H. abbati de Bildewas nostra pocius testimonia quam sua vobis transmittere munimenta super subjectione domorum de Basingvers et Dublin. Nos itaque fraterne postulacioni nostrum sufFragium pro posse volentes im- pendere prenotata diligenter inspeximus et eandem quam ibi legimus formam vestre discretioni plenius adnotare curavimus. Valcte. 1 Sic. HENRY II. 229 [The King v. Robert, Earl of Leicester. 1177.]' [William of C, homager of the defendant, asserts to the king that he (William) ought to hold his lands of the king in chief, instead of holding them of the defendant, as he was doing. The king ac- cordingly summons the defendant, and in answer to the claim he declines to contest the matter with the king, though asserting his title. The king, moved by the defendant's answer, gives up his claim to the tenements, retaining, however, two castles. The king also yields to the finding of an inquisition of the county as to other lands in favour of the defendant.] In eodem vero concilio^ Willelmus de Chahannes infci- maverat regi, quod ipse deberet de eo tenere ia capite baroniam suam, quam de Roberto cotnite Leicestrias tenebat. Hsec autem dicebat, pravo usus consilio, quia regi placere voluit, qui dominum suum odio babebat. Cumque prsedictus conies Leicestrise ad diem sibi statu- tum per regis summonitionem venisset, et cum omnia qusB adversus eum loquebantur auscultasset, responditj quod quamvis preedecessores sui, proavus scilicet et avus suus, et pater suus, et ipsemet haberent cartas et privilegia regum Anglise, Willelmi scilicet et Henrici primi, de terris suis, et nominatim de baronia ilia, et quamvis pree- decessores Willelmi de Chabannis baroniam illam de prsedecessoribus suis semper inconcusse tenuissent ; noluit tamen contra regis voluntatem, neque de eo neque de alio tenemento placitare ; sed concessit, ut id et omnia alia tenementa sua essent in misericordia regis. Cumque rex audisset eum ita pie loquentem, commotus pietate, reddidit ei omnia tenementa sua, in integrum, sicut ea habuit quindecim diebus ante gwerram ; sed rex retinuit in manu sua castellum de Munsorel, et castellum de Pascy, quse duo solummodo remanserant stantia de 1 1 Benediotua, Gesta Hen. II., 133 (Eeo. Com.). 2 At Northampton, after Jan. 13, 1177. 230 PLACITA AN6L0-N0EMANNICA. omnibus castellis suis. Reddiditque ei rex ibidem totam Leicestriam, et forestam, quse juratse erant per commune sacramentum comitatus esse debere de doiriinieo suo. Seiebat autem rex hoc factum fuisse propter invidiam, et pro eo quod rex comitem odio habebat. [The Widow and Roger, Eldest Son, of Hugh Bigot. 1177.]' [Upon the death of Hugh Bigot, his widow by a second marriage seta up a claim on behalf of her son, against the eldest son (bom of the first marriage), to the emptiones et perquisitiones of the estate, asserting that the deceased had given them to her sou. Each of the parties goes to the king with money to obtain favour ; but the king on hearing both sides sets a day for trying the case be- fore his earls and barons, and in the mean time takes the estate into his own hand.] EoDEM anno, ante Caput Jejunii, obiit comes Hugo Bigot. Et Rogerus Bigot, ipsius haeres, et uxor ejus venerunt ad curiam apud Winleshovers contendentes, quis eorum regi plus offeret pro hsereditate comitis habenda. Ipse vero, quia primogenitus et liseres comitis erat, obtulit regi et multa et magna, pro hasreditate sua habenda in integrum, sicut pater suus earn tenuit, die qua fuit vivus et mortuus. Comitissa vero, noverca ipsius Rogeri Bigot, obtulit regi multa et magna, ut ipse coneederet filio suo emptiones et perquisitiones ipsius comitis. Dicebat enim, quod comes Hugo Bigot divisit filio suo quem de ea genuit, omnes emptiones et perqui- sitiones suas. Et cum dominus rex utriusque petitiones ' 1 Benedictus, Gesta Heu. II., 143 (Rec. Com.). HENRY 11. 231 audisset, prsecepit eis Lundonias venire^ ut ibidem consilio comitum et baronum suorum eis secundum rectum et patriae consuetudinem satisfaceret. Tunc misit rex ser- vientes suos, et saisiavit in manu sua omnes thesauros prsedicti comitis. See Glossary, EmpUones. [CiSE OF John Senex. 1177.]^ [The defendant, "a most noble and wealthy person," is convicted of robbery by the ordeal of water. He offers money for his Ufe, but without avail.] Inter cseteros^ vero qui capti fuerant, captus fuit quidam nobilissimus et ditissimus civium Lundoniarum^ qui nominatus erat Johannes Senex. Qui cum per judicium aquee se mundare non posset^ obtulit quingentas marcas argenti domino regi pro vita habenda. Sed quia ipse per judicium aquse perierat, noluit denarios illos accipere, et prsecepit ut judicium de eo fieret, et suspensus est. [Pmoe Eogee v. Abbot of St. M. ]177.]' [The defendant having feloniously carried away the body of St. Petroc from the plaintiff's abbey to the abbey of St. M., the plaintiff obtains the king's writ against the abbot of that abbey, ordering him to restore the body, which is finally done.] EoDEM anno quidam canonicus de abbatia Bothmenise, 1 1 Benedictus, Gesta Hen. II., 156 (Ree. Com.). ' Accused of robbery. 3 1 Benedictus, Gesta Hen. II., 178 (Rec. Com.). 232 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. quse in partibus Cornubise sita estj Martinus nomine, etatim post Epiphaniam Domini furtive asportavit corpus Saneti Petroci, et cum eo fugiens transfretavitj et illud sicut detulit usque ad abbatiam Saneti Mevenni sitam in partibus Minoris Britanniee. Quod cum Bogero priori Bothmenias et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus inno- tuisset, prsedietus prior^ per consilium fratrum suorum, dominum regem Anglise Henricum, filium Matillis impe- ratricis, adiit, et per ipsius potentite auxilium, corpus Saneti Patroci, quod per furtum amiserant, reeuperassent. Ad instantiam autem illorum concessit eis prsefatus rex auxilium suum, et mandavit per litteras suas Rollando de Dinamno, justitise BrittanisSj quod sine dilatione faceret illud corpus reddi. Audito itaque mandato regis, prse- dietus Rollandus venit cum armata manu et potenti ad abbatiam Saneti Mavenni, et prsecepit corpus illud reddi ; quod cum abbas et monacbi ejusdem loci reddere nollent^ ipee minas addidit, jurans se per vim, nisi celerius red- deretur, extraliere velle illud. The body is then surrendered, on oath that it was the identical one required. [Mills or Canteebuut. 1182?]' [The king's writ directing that all mills within and without the walla of Canterbury, not belonging to the church, be examined, and the owners prevented from encroaching npon the rights of mills of the church ; and if the church has suffered damage, it may compel compensation.] Heneicus, rex Anglorum, et dux Normanniae et Aquitaniae, 1 Hist. Mon. St. Aug. 4P2 (Rec. Com.). HENllY II. 233 et comes Andegaviae, vicecomiti de Kent et prsepositis civitatis Cantuariensis salutem. Prsecipio quod omnia molendinaj sive intra sive extra muros civitatis Cantua- riensis constructa, ita attemperari et admensurari faciatis, ut molendina Cantuariensis ecclesise ita plenarie molere possintj sicut molere solebant tempore regis Henriei avi mei, ne ab aliis molendinis aliquatenus impediantur. Et si Cantuariensi ecclesiee damnum pervenit per aliorum molendina altius levata, quam fuerunt tempore regis Henriei avi mei, prsecipio quod sine dilatione et juste ei illud restaurari faciatis^ ne inde amplius clamorem audiam pro penuria justitise. Testante cancellario apud Argen- tomagum. [Case of Gilbert of Plttmpton. 118i.] ' [The defendant is accused, out of mercenary motives, by Glanvill, the king's justiciar, of carrying off and marrying a young heiress in the gift of the king, and of breaking six gates and carrying oif a hunter's horn in the act, charging the "whole to have been done in lairocinio et roheria; which the defendant denies, offering proof of his innocence. Glanvill, however, urges judgment, and the defendant is convicted, and ordered to be hung.] Interim dum rex moraretur apud Wygorniam cum exer- citu suo, ad debellandum Resum filium Griffin, ut supra- dictum estj^ adductus est in vinculis juvenis quidam nobili exortus prosapia, et vocabatur Gillebertus de Plum- tonia ; quem Ranulfus de Glanyil, regis justitiarius, odio habebat, et morti tradere satagebat : imponens illi quod 1 1 Benedictus, Gesta Hen. II., 314 (Reo. Com.). ' That is, in the chronicle. 234 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. ipse puellam quandam de donatione regis^ filiam Roger! de Guilevast, rapuit et sibi in uxorem retinuit ; et quod per noctem fregit sex portas patris ipsius puellae^ et abstulit ei unum cornu venatorium et unum capistrunij etc., et prsedictam puellam. Adjecit etiam quod haec omnia in latrocinio et roberia asportavit. At prsedictus juvenis omnia quae ad vim et latrocinia et roberiam pertinebant, modis omnibus defendebatj et super hoc se j\iri stare obtulit. At Eanulfus de Glanvil volens ilium deperire, quia proposuerat prsefatam puellam, quam jam prsedictus GiUebertus sibi desponsatam cognoverat, Reinero' vice- comiti Eboracensi, cum hsereditate patris dare in uxorem. Hortabatur autem eos qui ipsum GiUebertum judicatm-i eraut, ut eum morti adjudiearent/ quod et ita factum est ; decreverunt enim ilium suspendendutn. The young man was, however, saved from the gallows by the in- tervention and prohibition of Baldwin, bishop of Worcester ; the day of execution being dies Dominica. The king, on hearing of the affair, remitted the punishment; but the accused was kept in prison the rest of the king's Ufe. [Peior and Convent op Abingdon and Thomas de essebukn. 1185.]' [The abbot of Abingdon having deceased, the Hng gives the abbey to the custody of Thomas of B. ; who thereupon proposes to put the whole property, including that which pertained to the prior and > Glanvill's steward in 1177. Glanvill himself was sheriff of York, shire till 1189. 2 Glanvill appears to have acted as prosecutor (appellor), and not as judge. ■'' 2 Hist. Mou. Abingd. 297 (Eec. Com.). HENRY II. 235 monka, into the king's hands. The prior and convent oppose this, and seek advice from Glauvill, the king's justiciar. They explain to him their rights and customs, and seek protection. Afterwards in the Court of Exchequer at Westminster, Glanvill, on consultation with the bishops and other justiciars after the case had been fully presented before them, gives judgment in favour -of the prior and convent, declaring their affairs to be entirely separate from the abbot's, over which Thomas had been appointed ; and Thomas is ordered to act accordingly.] Defuncto abbate Rogero, et magistro Thoma de Esse- burne, clerieo domini regis Henrici secundi, ad custodien- dam abbatiam istam ab ipso domino rege transmisso, propositum est nobis ab eodem Thoma quod justicise domini regis ei injunxerant ut tarn obedientias nostras, quampossessiones ad eameram abbatis pertinenteSjinmanu domini regis seisiret. Prior vero et conventus id graviter ferenteSj et de futuro damno et periculo magis timentes, instantius postulabant ut seisinam illam differret donee super hoc cum justieiis loqui, et eis jus antiquitatis, quod a tempore regis Edwardi, in obedientiis nostris libera et quiete per manum nostram traetandisj ostendere possent. De communi itaque consilio misimus domnum J^icho- laum, priorem nostrum, cum quibusdam fratribus, ad Rannulfum de Glanvilla, qui justiciariam potestatem sub rege in toto regno agebat, ut ei consuetudiues nostras diligenter viva voce exponerent, et ne occasione regiae custodise mutarentur, aut turbarentur, attentius suppli- carent. Cum. vero ad Rannulfum de Glanvilla ad seaccarimn apud Westmonasterium venissent, et ei libertates nostras et consuetudiues plenius insinuassent, Rannulfus, habita super hoc deliberatione cum episcopis et aliis justieiis, qui ei ad scaecarium assidebant, decreto totius curisB pronun- tiavit nullum jus, nullas consuetudines, quas in obedien- tiis nostris ab antique habuimus, aliquo obtentu debere 236 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. innovari, sive ecclesia vaeane sit^ sive pastore ordinata fuerit. Prsecepit etiam prsedicto ThomEe, qui prsesens eratj ut quoniam rationes nostreej sicut per nos coram eo suflBcienter probatum erat, separatee sunt a rationibus abbatis; de his tantum quse ad cameram abbatis spectantj curam haberet. Ad ea vero qu9e ad nos spectant manum non apponeretj sed plenum jus et potestatem^ tam in tenementis nostris quam in tenentibuSj nos habere per- mitteret. Dicebat enim tota curia quod perieulo nostro fieret, si quid a custodibus regis temptaretur, quod abba- tibus hcere non debet. [Thomaa now- makes an enumeration of the goods of tlie prior and monks, and goes before the court with it, anticipating the convent, and hoping to obtain an order to take the same into custody, but without success.] Fecerat autem pr^dictus Thomas omnes possessiones et consuetudines nostras separatim conscribi^ ex ore regis et justitiffi loquens, ne ullam in his quse facere properabat sustineret repulsam. Istud scriptum secum ad scaccariumj priorem et fratres prseveniens, detulit^ et omnibus justieiis ostendit, credens se posse obtinere quod possessiones nostree in manus ejus traderentur^ ut victum et vestitum tenuiter nobis inde ministraret, et omnia quae superesse possentj fisco inferret. Nam et modis omnibus fidem justieiis facere nitebatur pertinentias nostras non tantum ffiquari pertinentiis abbatis^ sed etiam his deductis, quse per manum abbatis in terminis certis recipere oonsuevi- muSj portionem ejus respectu portionis nostrse minimam esse. Cujusinstantia multumnobis nocuisset^nisi (utprse- diximus) prior et fratres ilium a vestigio secuti, de singulis consuetudinibus et possessionibus justiciam plenius in- struxissent, et eas ssepius nobis non suffieere docuissent. In tantum denique preevaluit gratia Dei quod Eannulfus HENEY II. 237 de Glan villa, justiciarum primus, ad alias justicias se convertens dixit, consuetudines nostras rationabiliter et discrete institutas fuisse, nee aliquid superfluum in eis deprehendi posse, nee dominum regem velle, nee se audere, contra consuetudines tam antiquas et justas aliquatenus venire, aut circa eas aliquid immutare. Rannulfo vero de Glanvilla pro nobis ita sententiante, ut scilicet de csetero tam possessiones nostras cum plena libertate, quam anti- quas consuetudines cum omni integritate, sicut inferius subscripts, et coram justiciis lectse fuerunt, haberemus, omnibus etiam justiciis quse circumsedebant in hoc ei faventibus et suffragium suum ferentibus, prior et fratres, qui cum ipso transmissi erant, cum pace et gaudio reversi sunt. [Here follows a statement of the customs, revenues, and expenses, with an enumeration of property, &o. of the monastery. The follow- ing are the customs of legal interest : — ] Camerarius habet in manu sua villam de Weliford et villam de Chivele, cum villulis appendiciis. Alia pras- terea habet tenementa et tenentes, de quibus potest et debet libere et juste disponere. Ad camerarium enim pertinet omnes causas et negotia hominum suorum audire et terminare, et delinquentes pro qualitate delicti poena pecuniaria condemnare ; quam pcenam non poterit abbas a camerario, vel sine camerario, a condemnatis exigere, nee cam contra voluntatem camerarii aut minuere aut remittere. Si tamen camerarius excesserit et homines sues ad indebita prsestanda ssepius compulerit, debet eum abbas secretins, vel in audientia fratrum, corripere, et ab illicitis exactionibus cohibere. De jure vero suo non debet ei aliquid detrahere, quod ita plene in omnibus habet et habere debet sicut abbas in suis tenementis 238 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. habere dinoscitur, prseter homagia et relavamenta, quse solius abbatis sunt. Sed etsi homo liber de tenemento camerarii litteras regis abbati pro justitia detulerit^ istam causam deducet abbas in curia sua, et proventus qui inde evenerint habebit. . . . Coquinarius tenet villam de Abbendonia, cum omni- moda libertate; et quaecunque inde evenerint, sive de placitis, sive de caeteris eventionibus coquinarii erunt. Et si captus fuerit latro et eonvictus fuerit criminis, quicquid de ejus substantia ad dominum pertinet coqui- narii erit, vel prsepositi qui de eo tenet. . . . Habet et alia tenementa, et alios teuentes, in quibus utitur suo jure, sicut camerarius in suis tenementis et tenentibus. [Aechbishop op Canterbury v. Abbot of St. Ed- mund. About 1186.]' [A homicide having been committed in lauds of the monks of Canter- bury, which lands were in a hundred of the abbot of St. Edmund, the men of the archbishop of C. would not suifer the abbot to try the offenders. The abbot, however, receiving intimations of favour from the king, sends a body of men and takes away the prisoners by force to St. Edmund. The archbishop complains to the king, and obtains a writ from Glanvill, the justiciar, com- manding the men of the abbot to give security for standing trial, and summoning the abbot to the King's Court to answer for the trespass. The case comes on for trial, when charters are pro- duced on both sides, and the king is unable to decide upon them. The abbot, however, offers to submit the question to the verdict of the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. This offer is declined by the archbishop, and the case terminates, the abbot retaining seisin of the liberty.] In manerio moiiachorum Cantuariensium, quod dicitur ' Chron. Joe. de Brakel. 37 (Camden Soo.). HENUY II. 239 Illeggaj et quod est in hundredo abbatis [Sancti Md- mundi] , contigit fieri homicidium. Homines vero arcbiepiscopi noluerunt pati, ut illi homicide starent ad rectum in curia Sancti ^Edmundi. Abbas vero con- questus est regi Henrico dicenSj quod archiepiscopus Baldewinus vendicabat sibi libertates ecclesie nostre, optentu carte nove quam rex dederat ecclesie Can- tuariensi post mortem Sancti Thome. Rex autem re- sponditj se nunquam fecisse cartam aliquam in preju- dicium ecclesie nostre, nee aliquid Sancto ^dmundo velle auferre, quod habere solebat. Quo auditOj dixit abbas consiliariis privatis suis : " Sanius consilium estj ut archiepiscopus eonqueratur de me, quam ego de archiepiseopo. Volo me ponere in saisinam hujus liber- tatis, et post me defendam cum auxilio Sancti jEdmundi, cujus jus hoc esse carte nostre testantur.'" Subito ergo summo mane, procurante Roberto de Cokefeld, missi sunt circiter quater XX. homines armati ad villam de Ilegga, et ex inopinato ceperunt illos tres homicidas et ligatos duxerunt ad Sanctum jEdmundum, et in fundum car- ceris projecerunt. Conquerente inde archiepiseopo^ Ra- nulfus de Glanvilla justiciarius precepit, ut homines illi ponerentur per vadium et plegios ad standum ad rectum in curia qua deberent stare, et summonitus est abbas, ut veniret ad curiam regis, responsurus de vi et injuria, quam dicebatur fecisse archiepiseopo. Abbas vero sine omni exonio se pluries presentavit. Tandem in Capite Jejunii steterant coram rege in capitulo Cantuariensi, et lecte sunt palam carte ecclesiarum hinc et inde, Et respondit dominus rex : " Iste carte ejusdem antiquitatis sunt et ab eodem rege ^dwardo emanant. Nescio quid dicam : nisi ut carte ad invieem pugnent." Cui abbas dixit ; " Quicquid de cartis dicatur, nos in saisina 340 PLACITA Al^GLO-NORMANNICA. sumus, et hucusque fuimus, et de hoc ponere me volo in verumdictum duorum comitatuum, scilicet^ Norfolchie et Suthfolchie, se hoc concedere."' Sed archiepiscopus Baldwinusj habito prius consilio cum suis^ dixit^ homines Norfolchie et Suthfolchie multum diligere Sanctum ^dmundum, et magnam partem illorum comitatuum esse sub dictione abbatisj et ideo se nolle stare illorum arbitrio. Eex vero iratus inde et indignans surrexit, et recedendo dixit : " Qui potest capere capiat : " et sic res cepit dilacionem^ " et adhuc sub judice lis est." ^ The chronicler adds, immediately after the above : " Vidi tamen, quod quidam homines monachorum Cantnariensium vulnerati fuerunt, usque ad mortem, a rusticis de villa de Meldingis, que sita est in hundredo Sanoti ^dmundi; et quia sciverunt, quod actor forum rei sequi debet, maluerunt sUere et diasimulare, quam inde clamorem faoere abbati sive ballivis ejus, quia nullo modo voluerunt venire in curiam Sanoti ^dmundi ad plaoitandum." [Monks of Canterbuey v. Archbishop Baldwin. Ecclesiastical. 1187.]' [The monks of Canterbury obtain a mandate from the pope directing three abbots to restrain the archbishop of Canterbury from acts of oppression over them ; but while the abbots are deliberating as to the manner of enforcing the pope's mandate, the arch- bishop obtains a writ from the king's justiciar, Glanvill, re- quiring them to desist in their purpose until the cause can be heard before him, and summoning the parties before himself without delay. A similar writ is issued to the sub-prior and conrent. The trial coming on, the sub-prior essoins himself for sickness. The case proceeds, and Glanvill prohibits the monks ^ That the charters have granted this right ? ' Hor. Ars Poet. v. 78. ■' I Twysdeu's Scriptnres, 1503 (Gervasius of Dover). HENUY II. 241 from using the pope's mandatea until they shall have oonferrecl with the king, on the ground that the mandates are in derogation of the laws of he kingdom, and directs them to carry the man- dates to the king within fifteen days ; also to remove the stewards and monks put in places contrary to the will of the archbishop. The three abbots are also prohibited from executing the pope's mandate to them. Monks are now sent to the king, who reach him in advance of the archbishop, and obtain his favour, and succeed in preventing his interference on behalf of the arch- bishop.] Baldewinus autem Cantuariensis archiepiscopus a suo iiecdum desistens proposito cotidie suum affligebat con- ventum. Qui cum nee modiee quidem apostolico deferret mandato/ tres abbates illij vidc4icet de Bello, de Fauvesham et Sancti Augustini CantuariEe, qui Cau- tuariensis causae fuerant exeeutores, praefato archiepiscopo commonitoriam miserunt epistolain, eique vigilam Ja- cobi apostoli diem peremtorium praefixeruat, rogantes supplieiter ut apostolico obediret mandatOj ne eciam ipsis in obedientiae periculum itninineret. Sed cum prsedicti abbates et monachi Cantuarienses de forma executionis cogitarentj ipsumque archiepiscopum vel ejus nuntios respousales expeetarentj a prEefecto Angliae Randulfo de Glanvilla hujusmodi susceperunt mandatum. Randulfus de Glanvilla abbati de Bello salutem. PrEecipio tibi ex parte domini regis per fidem quam ei debes et per sacramentum quod ei fecisti, ut nullo mode procedas in causa quae vertitur inter monaehos Cantuari- enses et dominum Cantuariensem archiepiscopum donee inde mecum locutus fueris. Teste Willielmo de Glan- villa per praeceptum domini regis de ultra mare. Et omni dilatione et oceasione remota sis ad me apud Londouiam proxima die Sabbati post festum Sanctae > The interference of the pope had been sought and obtained by the monks. 242 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. Margaritse virginis mecum inde loeuturus. Teste eodem apud Westmonasterium. Suppriori quoque et conventui scripsit sic. Randulfus de Glanvilla suppriori et conventui ecclesiae Christi Cantuarise salutem. Prsecipio vobis ex parte domini regis ne aliquo modo utamini contra domi- num Cantuariensem archiepiscopum aliqua perquisitione quam contra eum qusesistis, donee inde mecum locuti fueritis. Et tu supprior absque oecasione et dilatione pis Londoniis in festo Sancti Jacobi cum eonsilio con- ventus tui, auditurus et facturus quod tibi dicetur ex parte domini regis, et ibi tunc tecum habeas perquisitiones quae perquisitas sunt contra dominum Cantuariensem archiepiscopum. Teste Willielmo de Glanvilla per prseceptum domini regis de ultra mare. Per ipsum Willielmum. His auditis mirati sunt universi. Cum autem supprior corporea detentus infirmitate Londoniam venire non valeret, missi sunt ad Randulfum monachi duo state provecti, qui ex parte conventus supprioris absentiam excusarent, et tenorem regii audirent mandati. Cum autem prsefectus Anglise Randulihis de supprioris absentia eausaretur, dicens simplicius quam deeeret rem factam fuisse, subjunxit ; Domino nostro regi insinuatum est, quod vos habetis quasdam perquisitiones de Roma contra eum et regnum ipsius quibus jura regni vultis diminuere, et ipsius statmn commutare. Ideoque praecepit dominus rex, et nos ex parte ipsius injungimus, ne perquisitionibus illis utamini antequam inde cum ipso domino rege locuti fueritis. Unde prsecipio ut infra XV. dies ad dominum regem cum vestris privilegiis monachos mittatis, ut ejus arbitrio vel approbentur vel penitus proiciantur. Senes- callos vero illos et monachos quos terris ve>:tris prater HENRY 11. 243 conscientiam archiepiscopi prseposuistis, prjEcipimus amo- veri. His auditis, monachi illi Cantuariam continuo redie- runt. Attameu missi sunt alii nuntii a prsefecto Cantuariam, qui in audientia conveutus eadem nuntiarent edicta. Abbatibus quoque tribus minaciter ex imperio regis inhibitum est, ne occasione aliqua domini papte exequerentur mandatum. Missi sunt itaque monachi ad regem in Normanniam, ut cum aliis ejusdem ecclesise monachis qui propter alia negotia ecclesiae ad regem diu ante ipsos missi fuerant, de falsa accusatione absque privilegiorum ostensione conventual excusarent, suajque consuetudines ecclesiffi in suarum rerum libera adminis- tratione ex antique regum tempore demonstrarent. . . . Igitur archiepiscopus de suo proposito desperatus/ festinus ad mare descendit, et quasi gaudens quod tarn eallide potestate laica apostolicum elisisset mandatum, III. idus Augusti apud Dovoriam transfretavit. Prse- missi sunt autem ad regem ut prsedictum est monachi duo, qui conventum ab impositis excusarent. Qui cum secretius cum rege de vocatione monachorum, de pri- vilegiis exhibendis, de inhibitione mandati apostolici exequendi plura proferrent, conventumque excusarent, quod nil contra regem vel regnum perquisissent, rex ad omnia miratus juravit in verbo regio quod nee monaehos mandaverit nee privilegia, et quod executio mandati apostolici per eum non steterit. De invasione eciam maneriorum plurimum visus est admirari, dicens archiepiscopum in omnibus bis, et maxime in sedifica- tione novae ecclesise multum errasse, seque eidem archi- episeopo ad constructionem operis hujusmodi nunquatn dedisse consilium, sed simpliciter canonise faciendse prse- buisse assensum. 1 His demands were still refused. E 2 344 plaoita anglo-normannica. [Abbot of St. Edmund. 1187.]' [Lands of St. Edmund having been subjected to amercements, tbe abbot complains before the king, exhibiting charters to show that his lands are not subject to amercement. The king directs an in- quisition before the barons of the Exchequer to determine the truth of the matter ; the result being in favour of the abbot.] Duo comitatus Norfolchia et Snthfolchia positi fuerunt in misericordia regis a justiciariis errantibus propter quoddam forisfacturam, et posite fuerunt L. maree super Norfolchiam, et XXX. super Sutfolciam. Et cum quedam porcio de ilia communi misericordia poneretur super terras Sancti iEdmundi et acriter exigeretur, abbas sine omni mora adiit dominum regem, et invenimus eum apud Clarendonam ; ostensaque ei carta regis ^dwardi^ que liberas facit terras Sancti ^dmundi de omnibus geldis et scottis, precepit rex per literas suaSj ut sex milites de comitatu de Norforchia et sex de Sutfolchia summonereiitur ad recognoscendum coram baronibus scaccariij utrum dominia Sancti iEdmundi deberent esse quieta de communi misericordia; et electi sunt tantura sex milites, ut ita parceretur laboribus et expensis, et ideo quia habuerunt terras in utroque comitatu, scilicet Hubertus de Briseword, W. filius Hervei, et Willielmus de Franchevilla, et tres alii, qui Londonias iverunt nobiscum, et ex parte duorum comitatuum libertatem ecclesie nostre recognoverunt. Justiciarii autem assiden- tes verumdictum illorum inrollaverunt. Chron. Joe. de Brakel. 47 (Camden Soc). HENRY II. 2i5 CASES OP THIS REIGN OF LESS CERTAIN DATE. [Abbot of Battel v. Alan ue Bellafago.] ' [The right of presentation to the church at Mendlesham tried in the King's Court, "though without detriment to ecclesiastical rights or dignities." Alan, the defendant, relies on charters of abbot Warner. Though these are somewhat suspicious, the whole court advise a compromise. This is agreed to, and the compromise drawn up. A day is now set for the parties to give formal consent to it, but Alan fails to appear, and is amerced. Another day is fixed ; Alan appears, consents, and resigns his charters into the abbot's hands, receiving in return a grant of the church at Brantham to hold of the abbey at an annual pension of a crown.] [Alan de Bellafago seizes the church at Mendlesham, a vacancy having occurred. He had previously claimed it under charters from abbot Warner, of St. Martin.J Utebatur ergo Alanus institutione propria, nee ad re'nun- tiandum injustse possession! aliquatenus consensit. Re- , deunt interea de transmarinis nuntii abbatis, prseceptum regium ad justicias deferentes, quo super ecclesia de Mendlesham abbati de Bello justitise plenitude exhibeatur. Dies locusque apud Wintoniam regia auctoritate abbati et Alano statuitur, ut ad unius actionem, alteriusque objectionem, veritatis plenior fieret inquisitio. Actum est hoc auctoritate regia, ad nuUius tamen ecclesiastic! juris dignitatisve detrimentum, quippe cum hoc solum curia regia duceret inquirendum, cujus prsesentatione idem Alanus in ecclesiam de Mendlesham in fundo regie sitam, a prsedecessoribus ipsius domini regis, et se monasterio de Bello concessam et confirmatam, fuerit institutus. Constabat enim eum nullius nisi aut domini regis, tanquam domini fundi, aut menachorum de Bello, 1 Ghron. Mon. de Bello, 125 (Ang. Chris. Soc). See ante, p. 171, note. Z-ifi PLACITA ANGLO-NOIIMANNICA. quibus ipsa ecclesia regia krgitione assignata esse dinos- citur, institui debere prsesentatione. Adest die et loco determinate superstes adhue, cujus superius facta est mentio, Eobertus Philosophus vices abbatis illic adversus Alanum ibidem tunc etiam prsesentem exeeuturus. Quo in prsesentia justiciarum jus monasterii Sancti Martini de Bello exponentCj et super Alani invasionem conque- rente, Alanus renitens, cartas quas abbatis Warnerii nomine praenotatas memoravimus prsetendit, seque ex ip- sius abbatis dum adhuc viveret consensu illic admissum esse asseruit. Licet igitur diligenter intuentibus palam esset cartas ipsas notam falsitatis habere, erat tamen omnium qui aderant unanime consilium et persuasio, ut hinc inde potius dueerent eomponendnm quam litigan- dum. Consilio et voluntati persuadentium pars utraque consentit, sicque ab arbitris datur hujusmodi forma compositionis, quatinus scilicet Alanus toti juri quod in ecclesia de Mendlesbam se habere fatebatur sponte renuntians, cartas memoratas quibus partem suam tueri nitebatur in manus abbatis resignaret. Cujus sic gratiam adeptus, solam ecelesiam de Brantham quam, ut prae- diximus, minus canonice assecutus est, ex qua pensio X. solidorum pro antiqua consuetudine solvebatur, sub annua pensione unius aurei monasterio Sancti jNIartini de Bello solvenda, nomine ipsius monasterii quoad viveret teneret, et sic lis omnis et controversia conquiesceret. Omnibus hanc compositionis formam probantibus, partibusque hinc inde consentientibus, dies locusque apud Cantuariam statuitur, quo coram justiciis abbas in per- sona propria, et Alanus confirmandse compositionis for- matse gratia eonveniant. Abbate die et loco denominate coram justiciis apparente, Alanus nee comparens nee excusatorem dirigens, omnium judicio misericordise regis HENRY ir. 247 addicitur, postmodum vero dies locusque apud Londonias conveniendi, remque confirmandi utrique parti iterate prsefigitur. Assunt denique hinc inde ad diem et locum, ubi totius rei serie et compositionis forma in justiciarum domini regis et aliorum quamplurium audientia plenius exposita, Alanus cartas memoratas in manus abbatis resignavit, sicque cartam abbatis do sola ecclesia de Brantham nomine monasterii de Bello tenenda sub pen- sione unius aurei annuatim solvenda suscepit. Alan having subsequently sought to have his brother, Koger de Bellafago, instituted into the church at Brantham, to hold of the abbot, the abbot consents. Alan now comes before the king's justices and barons in the Exchequer, and renounces for ever his claim upon the churches at Brantham, Mendlesham, and Branford, and the rest of the dowry churches. [Cask of Henry ob Essex. Before 1163.J ' [The defendant being accused of rape upon a girl, objects successfully (semble) to trial therefor except in his own court, on the ground that the girl was bom in his demesne.] Processu vero temporis, cum in curia Sancti ^dmundi ageretur causa de raptu cujusdam virginis, accessit idem Henricus [de Esexia] protestans et asserens, loquelam illam in curia sua debere tractari ratione nativitatis ejus- dem puelle, que in dominio suo de Lailand nata fuerat. Cujus rationis pretextuj curiam Sancti ^dmundi in itineribus et innumerabilibus expensis longo temporis tractu vexare presumpsit. ' Chron. Joe. de Brakel. 51 (Camden Soc). 248 placita anglo-normanjsica. [Prior of Hospital of Jerusalem v. Abbot Hamlin.J ' [Eecord of composition of a litigation concerning property in the pos- session of the defendant, and claimed by the plaintiff.] HiLLARirs, Dei gratia Cycestrensis episcopus, omnibus Matris Ecolesise filiis ad quos carta ista pervenerit, salutem. Nullus erit litium finis si res semel terminata recte iteratis refragationibus perturbetur. Papa siquidem Alexander causam, quee inter monasterium beati Petri Gloucestrise et hospitalem domum Jerosolomitanam super ecclesia Quenintone vertebatui-j mihi cognoscendam terminandamqne delegavit. Causa autem hsec erat. Abbas et monachi ipsius monasterii quiete et sine alicujus reclamatione duas garbas decimarum dominiij et unam virgatam tensd in eadem villa possidebant. Eeclesiam quoque ipsius loci cum suis pertineutiis asserebant prior et fratres prtedicti hospitalis eos injuste occupassej et contra justitiam detinere. Post multas itaque hinc inde allegationes, controversiam ipsam. utriusque partis assensu, in hunc modum amicali compositione terminavimus. Prsefata domus hospitalis tenebit jam dictam eeclesiam cum duabus garbis dominii et virgata terras in perpetuum nomine monasterii, et ei annuatini inde nomine census duas marcas argenti persolvet. Verumtamen veniente Roberto clerico, nunc ejusdem ecclesias persona, prior hospitalis, qui pro tempore fait, unam dimidiam dum- taxat marcam argenti annuatim monasterio solvet, quam a Roberto annuatim percipiet, nihil amplius ab eo nomine eeclesiEe vel supradictai deeimte sive virgatse terrte petiturus. Quod si domus hospitalis huic transac- tioni non steterit, monasterio licebit ecclesia; et aliorum ' 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 93 (Eec. Com.). HENllY II. 249 supradictorum possessionem propria auctoritate ingredi^ et sibi retinere. Testibus. [Names not given.] [The following oonfirmatiou by the archbishop of Canterbury is given directly after the above : — ] T. ' Dei gratia Cantuariensis archiepiscopus, Anglorum primaSj et Apostoiiese Sedis legatus^ omnibus Sanct* Matris Eeclesise fidelibus ad quos carta ista perveneritj salutem. Quia controversia quEe inter monasterium beati Petri Gloucestrise et hospitalem domum Jerosolo- mitanam super ecclesia Quenintone vertebatur, amicabili compositione interveniente sopita est, ne suceedente tempore in dubium revoeari possit, nos earn scripto nostro inposterum notitiam deducere decrevimus, earn ratam habeiites et sigilli nostri munimine confirmantes, sicut carta venerabilis fratris nostri episcopi Cycestrensis in praesentia ipsius episcopi compositionem illam factam esse testatur. Valete. [ROBEUT OF LaKING ET AL. V. ScALIGiUl.] ^ [The defendant being about to appoint the church his " heir " as to hie houses, the plaintifis set up a claim to the same by inherit- ance. The claim is tried in the common hallmoot of Abingdon, judgment being given in favour of the defendant.] RiCAiiDo' adliuc persuadente, quidam Scalegrai vulgariter nominatuSj de domibus suis ecclesiam hseredem facere cogitavit. Quod cum duo ejus j)ropinqui audirentj 1 Thomas a Becket or Theobald. 2 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 205 (Kec. Com.). ■> Abbot of Abingdon. £50 VLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. Robertus videlicet de Lakinge at alius quidam Robertus, hsereditariam super domos illas calumniam moverunt. QusB causa in communi hallimot ad hoc tandem perducta estj ut uterque calumniator, quia ibi nihil juris habebat, vacuus a spe sua, ut justum erat, recederet. Sicque praedictus Scalegrai domos suas voluntarie huic ecclesise donavit. [Monks of Abingdon.] ' [The king's writ of novel disseisin in favour of the monks of Abingdon as to lands at C] Henricus, rex Anglise, et dux Normannise et Aquitanise, et comes Andegavise, Rialfo Suessione, salutem. Si monachi de Abbendonia sunt dissaisiati injuste et sine judicio de terra Nigelli de Colebroc quam clamant, tunc prtecipio quod juste et sine dilatione eas inde resaisias, sicut inde saisati fuerunt tempore regis Henrici, avi mei ; et nisi feceris, justitia vel vicecomes meus faciat fieri. Teste Willelmo filio Johannis ; apud Wdestocam. Observe here the nearly perfectly developed writ of novel disseisin. [Abbot and Monks of Gloucester.] '" [The king's writ directing the protection of the abbot and monks of Gloucester in the chaiity of C] Henricus, rex Anglise et dux Normannine et Aquitannise i 2 Hist. Mon. Abingd. 224 (Eeo. Com.). 2 1 Chron. Jlon. Glouo. 240 (Rec. Com.). HENiiy II. 251 et comes Andegavise Jordano de Sanforde, salutem. Prsecipio quod juste manuteneas abbateiji et monachos Gloueestrise de elemosina mea et antecessorum meorum de Chelesworthe quam Henricus rex avus meus eis con- firmat carta sua, nee permittas quod aliquis eis injuriam faciat, vel contumeliam contra cartam regis Henrici avi mei et tuam; et nisi feceris viceeomes de Wiltesyra i'aciat. Teste Symone filio Petri apud Northamptoniam. [Abbot and Monks of Gloucester.] ' [The king's writ directing that the abbot and monks of Gloucester be put in possession of certain mills.] Henkicus, rex AnglisBj et dux Normanniee et Aquitannise et comes Andegavise, H. eomiti Cestrise et M. comitissse, salutem. Prsecipio quod sine dilatione et juste faciatis habere abbati et monachis de Gloucestria^ quos comes Ranulfus eis dedit in molendinis de Olneyo et de Taddeswelle, sicut carta sua testatur. Et displicet mihi quod hoc non fecistis, sicut prsecepi per alia brevia mea. Et nisi feceritisj viceeomes meus vel justiciarius faciat, ne inde clamorem amplius audiam pro penuria recti. The writ appears to hare been disobeyed. See the following writ. [Same Parties.] ' ^AUas writ.] Henricus, dux Normanniae et Aquitanniag et comes ' 1 Chron. Mon. Glouo. 241 (Rec. Com.). 2 An evident omission here. The next writ infra shows that " moleudinos " is the omitted word. 3 1 Chron. JMon. Glouc. 241 (Roc. Com.). 25:2 PLACITA AUGLO-NOKMANNICA. Andegaviae, Eustaeliio filio Johannis et Jocelino Castel- lano Fraarii, salutera. Mando vobis et prtecipio quod sieut me diligitis monachis Gloucestrise habere faciatis omnia qiia3 de jure eorum sunt apud vos, et nommatim quoddam molendinum suum apud Olneyam ex done Ranulphi comitis Cestrise pro XL. solidis, et aliud molen- dinum apud Taddewelle ex dono Aliz sororis ejusdem comitis pro anima Ricardi fiiii Gileberti viri sui^ et terram suam ajjud Colebyj ne auxilii vestri penuria monachi prffdicti omittant. Hiis testibus. [Names not given.] [Abbot of Gx.oucestee.] ' [The king's writ iu favour of the abbot of Gloucester in respect of customs and services claimed against him.] Heneicus, Dei gratia rex AnglisB et dux Normanniaj et comes Andcguvia^ Adje de Port, salutem. Prohibeo tibi ne injuste vexes, vel vexari permittas, abbatem Glouccstriae de libero tenemento suo de Litletone, nee ab eo inde exigas, vel exigi permittas, consuetudines vel servitia quse inde facere non debeatvel solebat, nee ullam ei inde injuriam vel molestiam facias aut gravamen. Et nisi feceri.s vieecomes de Suthamptesyra faciat, ne inde amplius elamorem audiam pro defectu recti vel justitite. Teste etc. [Name not given.] ' 1 Chrou. Mon. Glouo. 388 (Rcc. Com.). HENRY II. 253 [Abbot and Monks of Gloucester.] ' [The king's writ directing respect for the liberties of Gloucester.] Henricus/ rex Anglise, et duxNormanniae et Aquitanniae, et comes Andegavise, omnibus burgensibus et ministris suis GloucestrisBj salutem. Prascipio quod abbas et monachi Gloucestrise habeant infra burgum GIoucestrisBj et extra, omnes libertates, et liberas consuetudines, et quietantias suas, ita bene et in pace, et libere et integre, et juste, sicut eas unquam melius et liberius et integrius habuerunt tempore regis Henrici avi mei. Quod nisi feceritis, justitia mea faciat fieri. Teste Mansero Biseth, dapifero ; apud Fufceham. [Abbot and Monks of Gloucester.] ' [The king's writ directing protection of the abbot and monks of Gloucester in the use of a watercourse.] Henricus, rex Angliae, et dux Normannise et Aquita- nise, et comes Andegavise, vicecomitibus et praepositis, et ballivis, et hominibus de Gloucestria, salutem. Prsecipio quod abbas et monachi de Gloucestria habeant et teneant aquam quae currit per abbatiam suam, bene et in pace, et juste et integre, sicut habuerunt melius tempore Henrici regis, avi mei. Et prohibeo ne quis disturbet cursum illius aquae, desicut ivit tempore Henrici regis, avi mei, super X. libris forisfacturae. Teste. [No name.] [A writ to the same effect follows by king Stephen. The following, also by Henry II., seems to relate to the same watercourse : — ] Henricus'' rex Angliae et dux Normanniae et Aquita- 1 1 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 154 (Rec. Com.). '' Illumination of initial letter, representing the king on his throne, and a monk kneeling before him and receiving the writ. Note by editor of EoUs ed. ^ 1 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 154 (Rec. Cora.). ^ lb. 155. 2b4 PLACITA ANGI.O-NORjrANNICA. mie, et comes Andegavise, vicecomitibus, et ministris^ et burgensibus suis de Gloucestria, salutem. Concede et confirmo abbati et monachis Sancti Petri Gloucestriae aquam de Fulebroke quae currit per abbatiam suam totam liberam et quietam. Quare volo et pracipio ne quis ejusdem cursum aquas retardare, vel distrahere, vel ipsis monachis inde injuriam facere prsesumatj super X. libris forisfacturse. Hiis testibus. [No names given.] [Abbot op Gloucester v. Men of Gloucester.] ' [The king's writ oommanding tlie defendant to render the customary service to the plaintiff.] Henricus, rex Angliae, dux Normannise et AquitanisBj et comes Andegaviffi, burgensibus abbatis Gloucestriae de Gloucestria, salutem. Prtecipio vobis quod reddatis abbati Gloueestriee, de terris quas de ipso tenetis, omnes consuetudines et rectitudines quas inde solebatis reddere tempore avi mei regis Henrici : quia de illis quse ad jus eeclesise pertinent, nullam quietudinem vobis eoncessi. Hiis testibus. [No names given.] [Monks of Gloucester.] ^ [The king's writ directing his officers to protect the monks of Gloucester in the possession of a certain wood.] Henricus, Dei gratia rex Anglise, et dux Normannise et Aquitaniee, et comes Andegavise, justiciariis et vice- ' 1 Chron. Men. Glouo. 189 (Rec Com.). - 2 lb 141. HENRY II. 255 comitibus et ballivis suis de Gloucestresira, salutem. Prsecipio vobis, quod non permittatis monachos Glou- cestriae vexari de bosco suo villse suae de TufFeleyaj nee boscum illud ab aliquo vastari, nee aliquam violentiam aufc molestiam vel injuriam eis inde fieri. Et prohibeo ne quis in ea fuget, vel leporem capiat^ sine eorum lieentia, super decern libras forisfacturse. Teste Mansero Biset dapif'ero apud Wyntoniam. [Abbot and Monks of Gloucestee,.] ' [The king's writ directing that the abbot and monks of Gloucester hold in peace their essarts of M. and H.] PIeneicuSj rex Angliae et dux Normanniae et Aquitannise et conies Andegaviee^ vicecomiti de Gloucestria et ministris suis, salutem. Prsecipio quod abbas et monachi de Gloucestria teneant et habeant in pace essarta sua de Mayesmora et de Hardepyre. [Monks of Gloucester.]'' [The king's writ directing that the monks of Gloucester hare pos- session of all their lands, churches, and tithes.] Heneicus, rex Angliffi, dux Normannise et Aquitani^j et conies Andegavise, Willelmo, Dei gratia Norwicensi episcopoj et Hugoni comiti de Norfolchia, salutem. Mando vobis, et prsecipio, et diligenter precor, quatinus > 1 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 268 (Eec. Com.). ' 2 lb. 31. 256 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. monaehis Gloueestrise habere faciatis omnes terras et ecclesias et decimas ecclesise Sancti Petri Gloueestriae pertinentes, quae apud vos suntj ne aliquid in partibus vestris auxilii vestri vel justitiae penuria amittant. Testibus comite Herefordi93 et Manaser Biseth ajmd Gloiicestriam . [Abbot and Monks op Gloucester.]' [The king's writ directing protection of the abbot and monks of Gloucester in the possession of a fishery at B.J Henricus^ rex Angli®, et dux Normannise et Aquitanise, et comes Andegaviaej R. comiti Herefordise et omnibus ministris suis Gloueestriae et Herefordiae, salutem. Prsecipio quod permittatis abbatem et monachos Glou- eestriae facere et habere, bene, et in pace, et juste, piscariam suam de Bramptona in eodem loco ubi fuit tempore regis Henrici avi mei ; nee inde eos disturbetis, nee aliquam eis injuriam vel contumeliam faciatis. Teste Reginaldo comite Cornubiae apud Notingham. [Abbot and Monks oe Gloucester.]" [The king's writ directing protection of the abbot and monks of Gloucester in their liberties.] Henricus, rex Angliae, et dux Normannise et Aquitanife, et comes Andegavite, vicecomiti de Herefordsyra, salu- tem. Prsecipio quod juste deducas abbatem et monachos ' 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 73 (Rcc Com.). a lb. 217. HENRY II. 257 Gloucestrise de una hyda terraa de la Hyde quam tenent. Et prohibeo ne ipsiinde injuste vexentur, vel in placitum ponantur, aut in aliquas consuetudines quas facere non solebant tempore regis Henrici avi mei. Et nisi feceris, justitia mea faciat, ne amplius inde clamorem audiam pro penuria recti. Teste Widone deeano apud Glouces- triam. [Monks and Men of Gloucester. 1154 — 1164.]' The king's writ directing that the monks of Gloucester and their men be exempt from toll, customs, and passage.] Henricus, rex Anglise^ et dux Normanniae et Aqui- tannisBj et comes Andegavise^ justiciariis, vicecomitibuSj et ministris snis, Francis et Anglis, salutem. Prsecipio quod monachi Gloucestriee et proprii homines eorum sint quieti, ubicunque transfretaverint, vel fuerint, in terra mea, et -victus, et corredium, et res ubicunque emerint vel vendiderint ad opus suum proprium, ab omni theloneo, et consuetudine, et passagio. Et pro- hibeo ne quis eos disturbet super decern libras foris- facturse. Teste Thoma cancellario apud Gloucestriam. [Monks of Gloucester. 1154 — 1164.]" [The king's writ exempting lands from certain dues.] Henricus, rex Anglisej et dux Normanniss et Aqui- 1 2 Chron. Mon. Glouc. 133 (Rec. Com.). " lb. S 258 JPLACITA ANGLO- NOUMANNICA. tannije, et comes Andegavise, vicecomitibus suis et ministi'isj salutem. Praecipio quod tota terra mona- cliorum Gloucestrise sit libera et quieta de cariagio meo, et summagiOj et conductu, et omnibus operationibus meis. Teste Thoma cancellario. [Rainald v. Abbot of Gloucestee.] ' [Offer of proof by the earl of Hereford, in favour of the defendant as to land at E.] Hbneico, regi Anglise, duci Normannise et Aquitaniae, et comiti AndegavisBj domino sue carissimo, Rogerus comes Herefordiie, salutem. Sciatis quod egOj et totum hundredum in quo est terra de Rugge^ quam Rainaldus de Sancto Walarico calumniatur versus abbatem Glou- cestriae^ testificamur, et probare parati sumus, ubi et quando vobis placuerit, et sicut justum fuerit, eandem terram esse membrum villas de Stanedis, quae est de abbatia GloucestriEe, et respondisse semper ab antique de consuetudinibus regalibus sicut membrum ejusdem villae. Unde juste videtur, si vobis placet, ut idem abbas babeat inde curiam suam, vel placitum ante justitiam vestram sit in provincia, ubi rei Veritas poterit inquiri per comitatum. Valete. [The above is not to be confounded with the return of an inquisition, but ia to be considered as a mere petition, upon assertion and ofl'er of proof. The following record of an inquisition of the reign of Henry III. shows the nature of suoh a proceeding : — ] '^ Gilbertus de Clare^ comes Gloucestrise et Herefordia;, 1 3 Chron. Mon. Gloue. 98 (Kec. Com.). - lb. 26. HENRY II. 259 dilecto et fideli suo Galfrido de Mores senescallo honoris Gloueestrise, salutem. Mandamus vobis, quod per liberos et legales homines de foresta nostra de Cors diligenter inquiratis utrum abbas Gloueestrise sectam consiievit facere ad curiam nostram de Wodeleyestile pro tene- meuto SU.0 de Mayesmore tempore bonse memorise R. de Clare quondam patris nostri, et utrum eanes dicti abbatis et hominum suorum de Mayesmore, Hardepire, et Ledene, solebant expeditari, et si dictus abbas eapere poterit temporibus retroactis quod voluerat de bosco dictorum maneriorum suorum absque visu ballivorum nostrorum; et quid inde inveneritis nobis sub sigillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit inquisitio constare faciatis. [Return :] Inquisitio facta in plena curia de Cors, coram Galfrido de Mores senescallo, die sabbabi proxima ante clausum Paschae, anno quinquagesimo secundo [regis Henrici III.] de secta abbatis Gloueestrise, et de ex- peditatione canum suorum et tenentium suorum, per sacramentum Henrici de Cors, Walteri de Marisco, Robert! Roscelyn, Rieardi Thoky, et cseterorum, qui dicunt per sacramentum suum quod abbas Gloueestrise nunquam consuevit facere sectam ad curiam de Wode- leyestile pro tenemento suo de Mayesmore tempore bonse memorise R. de Clare patris Gilberti de Clare nunc eomitis, nee canes dicti abbatis, nee hominum suorum de Mayesmore, de Hardepire, de Ledene, non solebant expeditari temporibus retroactis. Et dictus abbas eapere potuit temporibus retroactis quod voluerat de boscis dictorum maneriorum suorum absque visu ballivorum domini eomitis. s 2 260 placita anglo-noemannica. [Case op Ailwaed.] ' [Ailward breaks into a neighbour's honse, in the owner's absence, to collect payment of a debt. Being discovered, he flees, and is caught by his debtor and bound as a "fur manifestus." The amount of the debt being small, the debtor, on suggestion of a public accuser or summoner, named Fulc, adds other criminal charges, so as to subject the defendant to mutilation. After imprisonment for a considerable time before judgment, he is finally adjudged to undergo the ordeal of water. He is convicted and mutilated.] AiLWAEDO vicinus tenebatur in nummo ; quem cum rejieteret, et ille solvere recusaret, motus ira domum debitoris, quam sera exterius dependente ad tabernam digressus obfirmaverat^ irrumpens, seram in pignus avulsit, arreptaque simul cote apposita tecto easse, cum terebro chirothecisque, discessit. Nuntiatum est autem a pueriSj qui infra domum ludebant inclusij patrifami- liaSj quia confracta dome, supelleetilique direpta^ raptor abscederet. Qui insecutus eum comprebendit, et cotem a manu bajulantis extorquens caput vulneravit. Ex- tractoque cul telle braehium transfigenSj eum quasi furem manifestum cum concepto furto reductum ligavit in dome quam fregerat. Concurrente autem turba, cum apparitore Fulcone, quia res furtiva pretii unius nummi hominem non mutilat, suggestum est ab ap- paritore ut furtum rebus aliis, quasi furtivis, augeret ; quod et factum est. Posita est itaque juxta ligatum sarcinula pelliumj lEenaSj lintei, togse, cum ferramento quod volgonium vulgus appellat. Postera die ad cognitionem Ricardi cujusdam vicecomitis militumque eomitatus eum prsedicta sarcinula ductus est, quae et collo ejus appensa est. Ne autem de re dubia praeeipi- ' Miracula S. Thomai, 156 (Bee. Com. Materials for history of arclib. BecketK HENRY II. 261 taretur sententiaj in publica custodia Bedeford suspense judicio per mensem tentus est. . . . Factum est autem ut convenientibus ad vicum Legtune magistratibus reus eo ducaretur. Ubi cum impetitore suo Fulcone mono- machiam inire aut judicium ignis subire postulavit; sed annuente Fulcone apparitore, qui ob id ipsum bovum acceperatj judicio aquse adjudicatus est, ne quoquo modo evadere posset. Inde Bedeford reductus, in car- cere mensem exegit. Quo convenientibus judicibus, cum judicio aquse traderetur examinandus, damnationis suae tristem excepit sententiam, eductusque ad locum suj^licii, oculis eflFossis et virilibus abscisis mutilatus est, quae multitudine vidente plebis terras infossa sunt. The chronicler proceeds to relate the miraculous recovery of Ailward through the intervention of St. Thomas (a Beoket). [Abbot William v. John, the Mercer, and Richard, Son of Edith.J ' [The plaintiff claims a curtilage in London by grant of W., alleging that it had been illegally occupied by the defendants. The king's writ directs that the question be decided by inquisition. The defendants, summoned thrice to the Court of Hustings, make default, and the plaintiff recovers by the finding of fourteen men.] GuALERANNUs filius Ranulfi dedit Deo et ecclesiae Sancti Stephani de Cadomo, unam mansionem terras infra Lon- doniam, quae fuit Liefredi Angli, sitam in Wodestrata, prope ecclesiam Sancti Petri, quietam de gelt et de escot et de omni alia consuetudine, quam Guarinus Bucherell 1 3 Palgrave, Commonwealth, 181. From a Chartulary of the Abbey of Caen. 262 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. et hseredes suij longo tempore de prsedicto Saneto Stepbano temierant. Verumtamen in diebus eorum, quffidam pars terrse praedictse mansionis^ subtraeta fuit et separata cum dolo. Jobannes autem filius Niebolai, mercennarius de Londonia bane prsdictam terram de mansione Sancti Stepbani separatam atque subtractam, qu.se latitudinem duodeeim pedum babet in fronte, liberavit Eieardo lilio Edithse quasi ad feodalem flrmam^ in tempore persecutionis qu£e fuit sub rege Stepbano. Quo mortuo^ Henricus dux Normannise et Aquitanise, regnum Anglise^ Deo annuente, adeptus est^ qui a Deo constitutus est rex gloriosus et fortis. Sub quo, Willielmus abbas rexit Cadumensem ecelesiam. Qui audiens banc divisionem factam, illo dfesciente, de terra Sancti Stepbani, venit Londoniam, cum scriptis et munitionibus regis Henrici, ad comitem Legecestrise et Umfredum Bocointa, vieeeomitem Londonis. Quibus rex Henricus mandabat, quod ipsi, de civibus civitatis Londonise veritatem audirent, consilio Hustingi, per sacramenta legalium bominum, de terra Sancti Ste- pbani de Cadomo; vocatisque illis qui terram tenuerant, si venirent ... si venire noluerint, veritatem. audirent. Qui audientes mandatum regis, miserunt primo et secundo usque ad tertium, ad Jobannem et Ricardum qui terram tenuerant, quod venirent in Hustingo audire mandatum regis, et veritatem et judicium, de terra Sancti Stepbani, quam tenuerant; qui divertentes, neque ad primum, neque ad secundum, neque ad tertium venerunt Hustingum. Justieia vero et qui aderant, boc videntes, fecerunt mandatum regis. Et per commune consilium de Hustingo secundum prseceptum regis, ele- gerunt quatuordecim viros de civibus civitatis LondoniDe qui juraverunt. Et per sacramentum et per recor- HENRY II. 263 dacionem juramenti eorum, Sanctus Stephanus liabuit totam suam mansionem. cum praedicta parte, lata duodecim pedunij quam Johannes et E,icardus filius Edithffi tenuerant. Hsec sunt nomina illorum qui juraverunt in Hustingo, divisam de terra Sancti Ste- phani, quae est in Lundoniam in Wodestreta. Martinus cartarius, Odo corduanarius, Terricus Bolloc, Serlo de CadomOj Willielnius Toyri, Stephanus mercennarius, Engelramus Cobba, Albertus LoremariuSj Nicholaus Lefranceisj Rainerus WarduSj Albricus de Domo Petri, Willielmus Garlec, Johannes Toyri, Radulphus frater Hervici. Isti quatuor, Martinus, Odo, Terricus, et Serlo, jura- verunt ; reliquos vero decern, quietavit Willielmus abbas, qui jiarati erant jurare. Et haec suiit nomina eorum, in quorum preesentia juraverunt. Umfredus Bocointa, vieecomes Londonise, Geufridus frater ejus, Willielmus filius Ailwardi, hal- derman ; Robertus Pulcher, halderman ; Fromundus, halderman ; Henricus filius Ailwini,' halderman; Petrus filius Walteri, halderman ; Willielmus, came^arius, Hobertus filius ejus, Johannes Bocointa, Geufridus Bocointa, Radulfus de Wodestreta, Symond de Haver- hulla, Petrus filius Alveredi de Windesora, Petrus filius Meillesme, Hervicus de Torreneio, Eobertus Neulerius, Geufridus aurifaber filius Willielmi, Everardus frater ejus, Willielmus de Ely, Willielmus de Rothomago, Rainerius de Valentiis. Et ex parte abbatis sunt hii testes. Rogerius de Montenneio, Willielmus Manchon, Geufridus camerarius, Ricardus de Dovra filius Rainaldi, Haymeric filius Quintini, Johannes filius Geroldi, Eustachius de Ros. ' Henry Pitz Ailwin, the first lord mayor of London. 264 placita anglo-noemannica. [Monks of Buildewas v. Men of Shbkifi' of Salop.] ' [The king's writ ordering the sheriff and bailiffs of Salop to compel their men to restore the manor of L. to the plaintiffs.] H. rex Anglise et dux Normannise et Aquitanise et comes Andegavise vieecomiti et baillivis suis de Salope- sira salutem. Praecipio vobis quod justicietis homines qui sunt in bailliva vestra^ quod ipsi juste et sine dilatione reddant monacliis de Bildewas Lecheshambre quod Ricardus episeopus Coventriensis eis dedit et carta sua confirmavit sicut reddere solebant tempore regis Henrici avi mei. Teste Gaufrido archidiaeono Cantua- riensi. Apud Lichesf. CONCORDS. [Philip of Mattesdon r. Abbot Hamlin. 1158.]^ SciANT prtesentes et futuri, quod loquela quse fuerat inter Hamelinum abbatem Gloucestrise et Pbilipptim de Mattesdone super terra de Burifende utriusque partis assensu finita est in hunc modum^ quod Philippus, pro se et suis hseredibus, decern acras terrse in cultura quse dicitur Wydebosme^ et duas acras prati in Suthmede^ totamque dimisit inperpetuum, et quietam clamavit quam ad versus ecclesiam Gloucestrise calumniam de hac, et de aliis quibuscunque rebus habuerat. Abbas autem et conventus reliquam partem ipsius terrte^ quam ante Philippus sine ipsorum concessione tenuerat, concesserunt 1 5 Monastioon, 358 (1846). ^ 2 Cliron. Men. Glouc. 180 (Rec Com.). HENiiY n. 265 ei; tenendam hsereditario jure sub tali servitio, quod ipse PhilippuSj et haeredes ejus post ipsum, equis propriis et sumptibus, ecclesise tria sevvitia facient per annum intra regnum Anglise, ubi necesse fuerit parati ; et ad alias ecclesise necessitates, sicut alii ejus liberi homines. Hujus vero rei gratia, facto prius homagio abbati, et jurata fidelitate ecclesiee et monachis in capitulo, con- cessam ex utraque parte conventionem banc, Philippus postea, manu propria, altare Sancti Petri superposita roboravit, anno ab Incarnatione Domini millesimo CLVIII., XI. kalendas Martii. Hiis interfuerunt tarn in capitulo quam in ecclesia, Alexander Pincerna, Radulphus frater Philippi, Herbertus janitor, Morinus dispensator, Rogerus Baselei, Galfridus Gernon, Willelmus de Muntric, Johannes de Mareis, Robertus de Herefordia, Rainaldus cocus, Cadmor et Godefridus, et Rogerus Burel et alii. This fine is twenty years older than the one given by Mr. Hunter as the earliest fine of lands which he had seen. Pines, Pref. p. i. But in the form of concords, fines were common throughout the Anglo-Saxon and Norman periods. [William Rufus d. Richakd, a Priest.] ' HjEC conventio facta est inter Ricardum sacerdotum de Wellewa, et Willelmum RufFum,fratrem suum, in prsesen- tia domini sui venerabilis abbatis Hamelini, et ejus con- ventus Gloucestrise ; de quadam hyda quam prEedictus Ricardus tenet de abbate prsedicto in Aldesworthe, quam prsedictus Willelmus ealumniatus fuit erga ipsum Ricar- ' 1 Chrou. Mou. GIouc. 155 (Eeo. Com.). 266 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. dum ; pro qua ealumnia Ricardus dedit Willelmo praedicto medietatem marcse argenti, et mediam virg^tam terras, eodem servitio quo ipse Ricardus totam hydam deservit apud dominum prBedictunij quantum ad tenuram prsedicti Willelmi pertinet. Hanc conventionem tenendam, Wil- lelnius Ruffus prsedictus affirmavit, et Reginaldus filius suus, tactis evangeliis saeramentOj quod ipsi, neque haeredes illorum de hsereditate quae fuit Rodrici de Aldesworthe apud Rieardam preedictum, nee haeredes suos, arte, nee ingenio, amplius non peterent. Hoc autem est apud Gloucestriam. Hiis testibus. [Names not given.] [William or Berkeley v. Abbot Thomas. 1182]' HiEO est finalis coneordia facta inter Thomam abbatem et eonventum Sancti Petri Gloucestrise et Willelmum de Berkelay de pastura quam idem Willelmus clamabat adversus prsedictos abbatem et monachos in bosco de pavva Cutbberleya. Convenit inter eos, coram justiciariis domini regis, videlicet Thoma filio Bernardi, Alano de Furnelle, Roberto de Wythefelde, et coram Willelmo filio Stephani tunc vicecomite, anno ab Incarnatione Domini millesimo cestesimo octogesimo secundo, mense INIartio, apud Gloucestriam, praesente comitatu de Gloucestria, quod praenominatus Willelmus, pro quatuor marcis argenti, renunciavit toti juri suo quod clamaverat in praedicto bosco. Et ut certior fieret haec conventio et firmior in 1 1 Chron. Mon. Glouo. 234 (Eeo. Com.). HENllY II. 267 futurum, earn praesenti scripto annotatam posteriorum memoriae reservaverunt. Super hoc etiam ne jam ssspe- dictus Willelmus vel aliquis suorum adversus abbatiam Sancti Petri possit banc calumniam invocarej eyrogra- pbum seripti inter se diviserunt, appeuso sigillo Willelmi filii Stephani vieecomitis illi parti cyrographi quam abbas et monachi penes se retinuerunt^ et sigillo ejusdem AYillelmi de Berkeleye ad perpetuum hujus conventionis munimen. [Juliana and Eobeet v. Peior and Monks of ROFFA. 1182.]' H^c est finalis concordia facta in curia domini regis apud Westmonasterium ad Scaccariumj in festo Sancti Michaelis anno vicesimo nono regni regis Henrici secundi die dominica proxima ante festum Omnium Sanctorum coram R. Wintoniensi, et G. Eliensi^ et J. Norwicensi episcopis, et Godefrido de Lucy, et Ricardo thesaurario et Eogero filio Remfridi, et Willelmo Basset, et Rannulfo de Geddyng, et Roberto de Wj'tefeld, et Michaele Relet, et aliis baronibus domini regis ibi tunc prsBsentibus ; inter priorem et monachos de RofFa^ et Julianam filiam Pulcoiiis de Newebam et Robertum de Champeynes filiam ipsius Julianas, de advocatione ecclesiae de Nortli- tonej unde recognitio summonita fuit inter eos in curia domini regis ; scilicet quod praedicta Juliana et Robertus filius suus dederunt et concesserunt praedicto priori et monacbis advocationem praedictae ecclesiae de Northtone, et concesserunt advocationem quam Fulco pater praedictae Julianae eis fecit de praefata eeclesia. ' Madox, Hist. Exch. 57 (fol. ed.l. 268 PLAOITA AN6L0-N0UMANNICA. PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXCHEQUER. [ROBBET DB Ross. 6 HeN. II.] ' ROBERTUS DE Ross debet D. et XXXIII. 1. et VI. s. efc Vim. d. Sed sunt in respeetu donee rex redeat in Angliam ; per breve regis de ultra mare. [Fugitives. 12 Hen. II.]' Idem vicecomes reddit compotum de cataUis fugitivo- rum et eorum qui perierunt in judicio aquas. [Adam Son of Alxikic. 12 Hen. II. J ^ Adam filius Alurici reddit compotum de C. marcis^ ut habeat recordum curiae regis de placito inter ipsum et Ao:netem de Ribnrc. [Hugh de Kiekbton. 12 Hen. II.] ^ Hugo de Kirketon debet I. marcam, quia absentavit se de duello. [William db Otteinkeham. 12 Hen. II.] ^ Willelmus de Ottrinkebam debet II. marcas, pro defectu. prosequendi loquelam suam. 1 Madox, Hist. Exoh. 58 (fol. ed.). '^ lb. 235. 3 lb. 296. * lb. 382. 5 lb. 383. HBNTIY n. 269 [Brufoud. 14 Hen. II.] ' Bruford reddidit eompotum de X. marcis, pro receptione cujusdam utlagati celata et postea recognita ; in perdonisj per breve Bicardi de Luci per breve regis de ultra mare, Hugoni de Laci X. marcse, et quietus est. [ROBERT' DE HaSTIITG. 14 HeN. II.] ^ Robertus de Hasting reddit eompotum de C. et VI. s. etVIII. d., ut placitum quodfuit inter eum et Radulfum Moin differatur usque ad Scaccarium. The following like entry appears of the next year: — "Eobertna de Hasting reddit eompotum de LIIII. s. et IIII. d., ut placitum quod fait inter eum et Eadulfum Moin differatur usque ad Scacca- rium." [Reimund de Baldac. 14 Hen. II.] " Reimundus de Baldac debet XX. marcaSj pro appella- tione Walteri probatoris de falsonaria. [Ralph de Fereariis. 14 Hen. II.] '' Radulfus de Ferrariis debet X. marcas, pro festinando judicio suo de Ricardo Fabro, qui eum et homines suos appellavit de cervo quern eos capere vidit, et postea se inde retraxit. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. 58 (fol. ed.). ^ it. 142. 3 lb. 296. * lb. 308. 270 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. [Michael de Spikeswick. 14 Hen. II.] ' Michael de Spikeswic reddit compotum de XL. s., quia non habuit liominem coram justicia quern plegiaverat. [Walter Palmer. 14 Hen. II.] - Waltei'us Palmer debet XX. marcas^ quia plegiavit Willelmum Walwein, et non habuit coram justicia. [Sheftbuuy Hundred. 14 Hen. II.] ' Idem vicecomes reddit compotum de VIII. l.^de Sheft- bera hundredo, et Blachetoriton, et FramitoUj pro false judicio duelli. [Roger de Eir. 14 Hen. II.] ^ Rogerus de Eir reddit compotum de dimidia marca, quia noluit respondere in curia decani de Waltham, ad breve regis quod non videbat sigillatum. [Hugh Bardul. 16 Hen. II.] ° Hugo Bardul reddit compotum de X. marcis pro re- spectu de recognitione inter eum et Johannem Burdun usque ad Scaccarium. In thesauro V. marcas^ et debet V. marcas. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. 385 (fol. ed.). ' lb. * lb. 386. ■! lb. 388. lb. 142. HENRY II. 271 [SWETMAN KbMPE. 16 HeN. II.]' Swetman Kempe debet dimidiam marcam, quia reces- sit a curia regis sine lieentia. [Walter Son of Amfr. 17 Hen. II.] ^ Walter filius Amfr. reddit compotum de V. marcis^ pro recognitione comitatus habenda de terra de Ra- peston. [JOSLIN OF HOCTON. 17 HbN. II.] ' Joslenus de Hocton reddit compotum de XX. s., quia imposuit falsum crimen mortis Osberto Luvel, et non habuit warrantum. [Robert Son of Ernisus. 18 Hen. II.]'' Robertus filius Ernisi debet V. marcaSj ut placitum quod est inter ipsum et Hugonem Malebisse sit coram justicia ad Scaecarium. [RalpHj the Cook. 18 Hen. II.]" Radulfus cocus reddit compotum de C. 1., quia primo negavit quod nichil habuerat de catallis abbatis de Hida et postea recognovit. Henricus Buba reddit compotum de XIII. 1. et VI. s. et VIII. d. pro eodem. ' Madox, Hist. Exch. 383 (foL ed.). ^ n,. 296. s ib. 388. < Ib. 142. 6 Ib. 389. 272 PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. [Dean op Wells. 18 Hen. II.] ' Decanus de Well, reddit eompotum de IIII. marcis, pro serviente regis, quem misit in carcerem ; in thesauro II. marcas, et debet II. marcas. [William Basset. 19 Hen. II.] ^ William Basset debet C. marcas, pro fine quem fecit cum rege de jurata facta super eum, de inquisitione vice- comitum Anglise, per Walterum de Insula et Eustachium filium Stephani. [RoBEET DE Lrci. 21 Hen. II.] ^ Idem vicecomes [Robertus de Luci] reddit eompotum de III. marcis et dimidia, de Philippo filio Wiard et V. aliis, pro ferro juisffi bis portato de I. calefactione ; in thesauro 1., in VI. talliis, et quietus est. [William Gernuns et al. 22 Hen. II.] ■* De placitis Willelmi filii Radulfi, et Bertram de Verdun, et Willelmi Basset, in curia regis : Willelmus as Gernuns reddit eompotum de X. marcis et I. accipitre • Madox, Hist. Exch. 389 (fol. ed.). ' lb. 97. ^ lb. 379. * lb. 71. HENRY II. 273 Nori'., quia incarceravit Gamel de Everwieh ; in thesauro X. marcas, et debet I. accipitrem Norr. Comitatus Eboraci reddit compotum de C. 1., pro recordo duelli inter Simonem. le Bret et Radulfum de Rugemunt Canonici de Eboraco reddunt compotum de C. 1., quia non venerunt ad summonitionem regis ad Eboracum ; in thesauro liberaverunt, et quieti sunt. Walterus de Nevill reddit compotum de XX. s., pro licentio concor- dandi cum Willelmo filio Fuleh. ; in thesauro liberavit^ et quietus est. [Ranulf de Glanvill. 22 Hen. II.] ' Idem [Ranulphus de Glanvill] reddit compotum de X. marcis, de Willelmo de Levertona, ut placitaret saisitus de terra sua. [Richard del Lech. 22 Hen. II.] ^ Ricardus del Lech reddit compotum de V. marcis, ut placitet saisitus de terra sua. [William, Son of Sturus. 22 Hen. II.] ' Willelmus filius Sturi debet X. marcas, pro recogni- tione quam habuit de terra de Teivilla in Normannia. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. 297 (fol. ed.). ' lb. ' lb. T 274 PLACITA ANGLO-NOUMANNICA. [Walter le Taverner. 22 Hen. II.] ' AYalterus le Taverner debet dimidiam mareamj quia non levavit clamorem do interfecto in domo sua. [Henry de Pirariis. 23 Hen. II.] ^ De placitis ad Scaecarium : Henricus de Pirariis reddit compotum de V. marcis pro deferatione appellationis. Willelmus filius Ailrici et Hascuil et Galfridus frater ejus reddunt compotum de dimidia marca, pro dissaisina injusta; in thesauro liberaverunt, et quieti sunt. Idem vicecomes reddit compotum de IIII. 1. et XIII. s. et IIII. d., de minutis miserieordiis hominum quorum nomina et debita et causes annotantur in rotulo quem liberaverunt in thesauro : in thesauro libcravit in X. talliis, et quietus est. [Williaji de Colevill. 23 Hen. II.] ' Willelmus de Colevill reddit compotum de XX. mar- cis, quia retraxit se de assisa versus eomitem Simonem. [William, Son op Ulger. 23 Hen. II.]"' De placitis et conventionibus curias : Willelmus filius Ulgerii debet C. s., pro habenda recognitione de marita- gio matris su£e, unde dissaisita fuit tempore werrae sine judicio. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. 386 (fol. ed.). " lb. 142. 3 lb. 1-13. I lb. 297. HENRY II. 275 [Robert, Son of Brienus. 34 Hen. II.] ' Robertus filius Brieni reddit eompotum de XX. ]. pro quietantia judicii ferri. [SiMON; Son of Peter. M Hen. II.] ^ De placitis Walteri filii Robert! et sociorum ejus : Simon filius Petri de Wigenhala debet dimidiam marcam pro blado asportato sine licentia. Rogerus Passelewe de Wigenhala debet dimidiam marcam pro eodem. Aluredus de Len debet dimidiam marcam pro eodem. Siwardus de Len debet dimidiam marcam pro eodem. [Roger, Son of Everard. 25 Hen. II.] ' De placitis ad Scaccarium. Idem viceeomes reddit eompotum de I. marca de Rogero filio Everardi de Sur- reia, quia non habuit warantum suum ; et de I. marca de ^dwardo filio Roberti pro eodem. [ViLLATA DE ClIILDON. 26 HbN. II.] * Et [viceeomes reddit eompotum] de XX. s. de villata de Childon, quia non clamorem nee sectam fecerunt de morte occisi. 1 Madox, Hist. Exoh. 143 (fol. ed.). 2 lb. 387. 3 lb. 143. ■• lb. 386. t2 276 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. [Mauricius de Wadenhal. 27 Hen. II.] ' Mauricius de Wadenhal debet III. marcas, pro habenda recognitions de I. earrucata terrse in Holewude de saisina Henrici avuneuli sui. Willelnaus de Haya reddit com- potiim de Y. marcis, ut inquiratur per legales mulieres, si Emma de Setuans quse dicitur peperisse^ liaberet puerum annon. Henricus de Mallinges debet XL. s., pro habenda recognitione de morte Willelmi fratris, de II. jugis terrse. [OgeRj Son of Ogee. 28 Hen. II.] - Ogerus filius Ogeri reddit compotum de dimidia marea, pro cyrographo inrotulando de finali Concordia quae facta fuit in curia domini regis apud Westmonasterium in crastino S. Andrese, anno XXVIII. regni regis Henrici secundi^ coram R. Wiutoniensi et Galfrido Elyensi episco- pis, et Rannulfo de Glanvill justiciario domini regis^ et Ricardo thesaurio, et G. de Luei, et R. filio Renfridi, et Micbaele Belet^ et G. de Colevill, et R. de Geddingis, et Gervasio de Cornliill, et Osberto filio Hervei, et aliis baronibus et justiciariis domini regis ibi tunc praesentibus, inter Michaelem filium Ogeri et Sarram uxorem suani, et Ogerum filium Ogeri et Amiam uxorem suam, de rationabili parte sua quam idem M. et Sarra exigebant versus prsedictum 0. et Amiam uxorem suam, de terra quam Willelmiis de Sebeflega pater earundem Sarrse et Amise habuitj unde plaeitvim fuit inter eos in curia domini regis, scilicet quod idem Ogerus et Amia uxor sua remiserunt preedicto Michaeli et Sarrte uxori suaj I Madox, Hist. Exeh. 297 (fol. ed.). ' lb. 77. HBNEY II. 277 totam terrain de R. . . . cum omnibus pertinentiisj et servicium Hugonis de Caldecota. De quibus idem Michael et Sarra facient servitium feodi uniiis militis prsedicto Ogero et AmiBe, et ipsi eapitali domino. Et prseterea remiserunt prsedieti Ogerus et Amia prsedieto Michaeli et Sarrse servitium feodi unius militis, quod Radulfus filius Mauritii eis debuit de Stutton in Sudfolch, et XII. solidatas redditus in Selveston, quos prior et monaehi S. Marise de Luifeld debuerunt eis, de tene- mento quod de eis tenent. Prsedieto autem Ogero et Amise uxori suae remanet tota terra de Schelflega, et de "Walton, et de Lachebrocb, cum omnibus pertinentiis earundem terrarum, pro LXVI. 1. de debito Willelmi patris earundem Sarrse et Amise, quas idem Ogerus et Amia reddiderunt Abrahse Judseo Lundonise, et X. mar- cis de debito ejusdem quas ipsi reddiderunt Willelmo le Francois, etVI. [et] XX. marcis, unde ipsi intraverunt in debitum versus Willelmum de Mandevill comitem Essesse pro . . . .' terrse pradictse ; unde summa est CCXXIX. marcse. In thesauro liberavit dimidiam marcam, et quietus est. [Benedict THE Jew. 29 Hen. II.]' Benedictus Judseus de Cantuaria reddit compotum de XX. marcis, quia qusesivit debitum ad opus fratris sni per cartam suam, quod ei solutnm fuit. Ysaac Jndasus reddit compotum de XX. marcis, quia negavit quod prius dixerat in curia regis ; in thesauro V. marcse, etin opera- tione prsedicta V. marc8e,per prtedictum breve et per visum 1 Sic. = Madox, Hist. Exch. 144 (fol. ed.). 378 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. pvBBdictorum, et debet X. marcas. Jacob et Ysaac de Cantuaria debent unam marcam auri, pro habendo debito quod Folqueius Folet eis debuit. Kobertus de Hogstede reddit compotum de XX. s. pro recto versus Henricum de Shotnes, de tenemento quod idem Henricus tenet. Eustacbius filius Lefwini de Westgate debet unam mar- cam, pro saisina de XV. aeris terrse in Westgate-bundre- do. Simon de Chelfeld reddit compotum de I. marca pro licentia concordandi cum Willelmo de Resebelle. [Si.AioN DE Medelwood. 31 Hex. II.] ' Simon de Medelwode debet X. marcas, quia placitavit in curia christianitatis de laico feodo. [PlUOE OP WOECESTEE. 3] HeN. II.] Prior de Wirecestria reddit compotum de X. marcis, quia tenuit placitum de laico feodo in curia cbristianitatis. [Philip db Kyma. 31 Hen. II.]' Philippus de Kyma reddit compotum de C. s. loquela inter ipsum et Benedictum fratrem Aaron, de falsa cuppa, differatur usque ad Scaccarium Pascba3. 1 Madox, Hist. Exch. ayo (fol. ed.). "^ lb. 390. lb. 144 RICHARD I. [The Abbot of St. Edmund and Robert de Ulmo. Befoue 1191.]' [By consent of the parties, the right to a moiety of the church at H. is submitted to the oath of sixteen legal men, who find for the ahhot of St. Edmund.] Vacante medietate ecclesie de Hopetuna, mota est controversia inde inter abbatem et Robertum de UlmOj positoque die concordie apud Hopetoiiam, post multas altereaeiones dixit abbas ad predictum R., nescio quo impetu animi ductus : " Tu jura in propria personaj quod hoc tuum jus est, et ego concedo quod tuum sit." Cum- que miles ille renuisset jurare, delatum est juramentum per consensum utriusque partis sexdecim legalibus de hundredo, qui juraverunt hoc esse jus abbatis. [Abbot of St. Edmund v. The Jews. 1190.]^ [The plaintiff obtains a writ of the king ordering that the Jews in a town of St. Edmund be expelled, on condition of being paid for their houses and lands. And the Jews are granted by the king's justiciars the right of entertainment for two days and nights at St. Edmund, when going there to exact payment of debts. DoMiNus abbas peciit a rege literas ut judei eicerentur 1 Chron. Joe de Brakel. 41. (Camden Soc.). ^ lb. 33. 280 PLACITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. villa Sancti ^dmundi, allegans quod quicquid est in villa Sancti ^dmundi, vel infra bannamleucamj de jure Sancti iEdmundi est : ergOj vel judei debent esse homines Sancti jEdmundi, vel de villa sunt eiciendi. Data est ergo lieentia, ut eos eieeret^ ita tamen quod haberent omnia katalla, scilicet et precia domorum suarum at terrarum. Et cum emissi essent, et armata manu con- ducti ad diversa oppida, abbas jussit sollempniter excom- municari per omnes ecclesias et ad omnia altaria omnes illos, qui de cetero receptarent judeos vel in hospicio re- ciperent in villa Sancti iEdmundi. Quod tamen postea dispensatum est per justiciarios regis^ scilicet, ut si judei venerint ad magna placita abbatis ad exigendum debita sua a debitoribus suis, sub hac occasione poterunt duobus diebus et II. noctibus hospitari in villa, tercio autem die libere discedent. [Earl ov Claue v. Abbot op St. Edmund. Puobably ABOUT 1190.]' [The plaintiff sues for alleged annual dues of five shillings, asserted by him to be unjustly detained ; the money being due for caiTying the defendant's standard in war. The defendant replies that the oifice of standard-bearer to St. Edmund is also claimed by Roger Bio-ot and Thomas de Mendham, and insists that the plaintiff must first interplead the matter with them.] Facta est suminonicio magna in hundredo de Risebrigo-a, ut audiretur querela et rectum comitis de Clara apud "Witham. Ipse vero constipatus multis baronibus et 1 Chron. Joo. de Brakel. 41 (Camden Soc). illCHARD I. 281 militibus, comite Alberico et multis aliis assistentibuSj dixit ; quod ballivi sui fecerunt ei intelligere, quod ipsi solebant annuatim accipere ad opus suutn V. solidos de hundredo et ballivis hundredi, et nunc detinerentur in- juste ; et allegabat, quod predecessores sui fuerunt feoffati, ad capcionem Anglie, de terra Alfrici filii Withari;^ qui quondam fuerat dominus illius hundredi. Abbas vero sibi consulenSj nee de loco se movens, respondit : " Mirum videtur^ domine comes, quod dicis ! deficit. Rex ^dwardus dedit Sancto ^dmundo et carta sua confirmavit hunc hundredum integre, et de illis V. soli- dis nulla fit ibi mencio. Dicendum est tibi^ pro quo servicio, vel qua ratione exigis illos V. solidos.'" Et comes, habito consilio suorum, respondit se debere portare vexillum Sancti ^dmundi in exercitu, et ob banc causam illos V. solidos sibi deberi. Et respondit abbas : " Certe, inglorium esse videtur si tantus vir, utpote comes Claren- sisj tarn parvum donum pro tali servicio reeipiat : abbati autem Sancti ^dmundi parvum gravamen est dare V. solidos. Comes R. Bigot se saisiatum tenet, et saisiatum se asserit ofiicio portandi vexillum Sancti ^dmundij qui illud portavit quando comes Lebecestrie fuit captus et Flandrenses destructi. Thomas eciam de Mendham dicit hoc esse jus suum. Cum vero dirationaveris versus eos hoc esse jus tuum, ego libenter V. solidos, quos queris, persolvam/^ Comes vero respondit, se esse loeuturum inde cum comite R. cognato suo, et sic res cepit dilacionem usque hodie. 1 1 Doomsday, 389 b, 390. 382 placita anglo-noiimannica. [Monks of St. Edmund v. Citizens of London. 1192.]' [The monks of St. Edmund demand of their tenants of London in- creased rent of tenements held by them, which the latter refuse to pay. The monks now request the abbot to disseise them, which he declines to do without due process of law, stating that to disseise freemen of lands or rents which they have held for many years, justly or unjustly, would be unlawful.] Decimo anno abbatise Samsonis abbatis, de communi eonsilio capituli nostri^ eonquesti siimus abbati in curia sua, dicentes redditus et exitus omnium bonarum villa- rum et burgorum Anglie crescere, et augmentari in com- modum possidencium et emendacionem dominorum, preter villam istam^ que XL. libras dare solet, et nun- quam ad plus extenditur ; et burgenses ville esse in causa hujusmodi rei, qui tantas et tot purpresturas tenent in foro, de sopis et seldis, et stalagiis, sine assensu con- ventus, et ex solo dono prefectorum ville, qui annuales firmarii et quasi servientes saeriste fuerunt, pro bene- plaeito ejus removendi. Burgenses vero summoniti responderunt, se esse in assisa regis,^ nee de tenementis, que illi et patres eorum tenuerunt, bene et in pace, uno anno et uno die, sine ealumpnia, se velle respondere contra libertatem ville et cartas suas ; et dixerunt talem fuisse consuetudinem autiquam, ut prefecti darent, ineon- sulto conventu, loca soparum et seldarum in foro per aliquem redditum prefecture annuatim reddendum. Nos autem reclamantes volumus, ut abbas dissaisiaret eos de talibus tenementis, unde warantum nuUum habuerunt. Abbas vero veniens ad consilium nostrum, tanquam unus ex nobis, secreto nobis dixit, se velle nobis rectum tenere pro posse suo ; sed ordine justiciario se debere procedere, ' Chron. Joe. de Brakel. 56 (Camden Soc). 2 London ^ Under tlie king's laAv. RICHARD I. 283 nec sine judicio curie jiosse dissaisiare liberos homines suos de terris vel redditibus suis, quos per plures annos tenueruntj sive juste, sive injuste : quod si faceret, dice- bat se cadere in misericordiam regis per assisam regni. Burgenses ergo, ineuntes consilium, optulerunt conventui redditum C. solidorum pro bono pacis, et ut tenerent tene- menta sua, sicut solebant. Nos vero hoc noluimus conee- dere, malentes ponere loquelam in respectum, sperantes forsitan, tempore alterius abbatis, vel omnia recuperare, vel locum nundinarum mutare ; et ita res cepit dilacio- nem per plures annos. [Case op Girard of Camvill. 1193.]' [The defendant is appealed in a council of the king of various offences ; one charge being of treason to the king in refusing to obey a summons of the king's justiciars for receiving stolen goods. The defendant answers that he is the man of earl John, and is willing to be tried in the latter's court. The defendant is also appealed of supporting earl John. He denies all the charges ; his appellors give pledges for prosecuting their ap- peals ; and the defendant gives pledges for defending himself by one of his men.] Secunda die mensis Aprilis celebravit [rex Ricardus] diem quartum et ultimum conciliisui; in quo omnes qui volebant conqueri de archiepiscopo Eboracensi, fecerunt querimonias multas. . . . Deinde Girardus de Cam- villa fuit relatus de receptione prsedonum, qui rapuerunt bona mercatorum euntium ad uundinas de Stanford ; ab eo recesserunt ad rapinam illam faciendam, et de rapina ilia redierunt ad eum. Prjeterea appellaverun ' Madox, Hist. Exoh. 16; 3 Rog. de Hot. 242 (Reo. Com 284 PLA.CITA ANGLO-NOEMANNICA. eum de Isesione regise ma jestatis^ in eo quod ipse ad voca- tionem justitiarum regis venire noluit, nee juri stare de prsedicta reeeptatione raptorum, neque eos ad justitiam regis producere ; sed respondit, se esse hominem comitis Johannis ' et velle in curia sua juri stare. Prieterea appellaverunt eum^ quod ipse fuit in vi et adjutorio cum comite JohannCj et aliis inimicis regis, ad castella regis de Notingham et de Tikehil capienda. Girardus vero de Camvilla negavit omnia quse objiciebantur ei ab illis; et illi dederunt vadium de prosequendo, et Girardus dedit vadium de defendeudo se per unum de liberis hominibus suis. [Abbot of St. EciitiND. 1194-.]^ [An inquisition being ordered as to the -last presentation of the church at B., five of the recognitors come to the abbot and in- dicate a willingness to be corrupted. The abbot declines to en- tertain their suggestion, and they depart in anger; finding against him.] EccLESiA vero de Bocsford vacantCj cum summonita f'uisset inde recognicio/ venerunt quinque milites temp- tantes abbatem, et querentes quid inde deberent jurare. Abbas autem noluit eis aliquid dare, vel promittere, sed dixit : " Cum ad juramentum perventum fuerit, dieite rectum secundum conscientiam vestram.^' Ipsi vero in- dignantes recesserunt, et ei per juramentum suum advo- cacionem illius ecclesie, scilicet ultimam presentacionem, abstulerunt; quam tamen postea recuperavit, multis f'actis expensis, et datis decern marcis. ' Afterwards king John. ' Chron. Joe. de Brakel. 44 (Camden Soc). ^ As to the last presentation. richaud i. 285 [Hubert of St. Q. v. Stephen op F. et al. 1195.]^ [The defendants are appealed of entering the plaintiff's premises feloniously, with force and arms, and carrying oif turf ; and this the plaintiff offers to prove by W. N. and R. of St. M. The de- fendant W. comes and defends the felony, and says that the premises from which he took the turf were his own frank tene- ment, and not that of the plaintiff. The defendant E. comes and defends everything charged upon him de verio in verium. Judgment that the sheriff cause a view of the laud in question by four knights, and by them report to whom the premises belong.] HuBERTUS de Saneto Quintino appellat Stephanum dc Fauconberge et Willelmum de Killinge et Everardum de Whiticco et Robertum de Tudintona et illorum vim quod venerunt in terrain suam de Bortona cum vi et armis et robberia et nequiter et in pace '■' domini regis aspor- taverunt eatalla sua scilicet turbas ad valenciam LX. solidorum et ea duxerunt in curiam illius Willelmi, et hoc offert probare per Walterum Norensem qui custos erat terrse illius versus ipsum Willelmum et per Ricardum de Saneto Michaelo versus Robertum qui eum vidit in vi ilia, et vicecomes testatur quod Stephanus non fuit inventus quando summonitio primo venit, quia est ultra mare. Willelmus venit etdefendit feloniamet robberiam et totum de verbo in verbum et dicit quod turbas quas asportavit, asportavit de libero tenemento suo et de feodo suo, et non in feodo ipsius Huberti ; et Hubertus dicit quod turbas illas fodere et facere fecit postquam dominus rex Ricar- dus applicuit de Alamannia bene et in pace et sine aliquo clamio quod Willelmus inde fecisset, et quod post trans- fretacionem domini regis in Normanniam illas asportavit ; et Robertus totum defendit versum ipsum Hubertum de verbo in verbum. Consideratum est quod vicecomes 1 Eot. Cur. Regis, 38. 2 paoem ? iS6 PLACITA ANGLO-NORMANNICA. faciat fieri visum de terra ilia unde turbe asportate fuerunt, et per IIII. milites ferre recordum illius visus cujus sit terra ilia: apud Westmonasterium. It is worthy of notice that the right of property is here ordered to be tried in an action of trespass. [Abbot of St. Edmund v. Joedan.] ' [Inquisition concerning a plea of land, claimed by the defendant as his frank tenement, and return of the recognitors that the land has never been separate from the church of St. Edmund, and that it owes the same service to the church as certain other lands named. The defendant thereupon acknowledges the superior right of the church.] PoSTEA mota est eontroversia inter abbatem et eundem Jordanum de terra Herardi in Herlava, utrum asset liberum feudum ecclesie, an non. Cumque inde summonita asset reeognicio duodecim militum in curia regis facien da, facta est in curia abbatis apud Herlavam per licentiam Rannulfi de Glanvilla, et juraverunt recognitoras se nunquam scivissa illaniterram fuisse separatam ab acclesia^sed tamen illam terram debere abbati tale servieium quale debet terra Eustachii, et quedam alie terre laicorum in aadem villa. Tandem convenit inter aos ita : magister Jordanus ia plena curia recognovit illam terram esse laicum feudum, et se nichil inde vendicare, nisi per gratiam abbatis ; et illam terram tenebit omnibus diebus vite sua, reddendo inde annuatim abbati XII. denarios pro omnibus sar- Chron. Joe. de Brakel. 45 (Camden Soc.). APPENDIX [Bishop Wtjistan v. Abbot Walter. About 1077 (?) and 1085—6.] 1 [The full text of th e original writ referred to in tlie note, ante, p. 18, is as follows : — ] W. rex Anglorum Lanfranoo archiepiscopo et Gosfrido episcopo Constantiensi salutem. Pacite ita esse sooam et sacam inter apis- copum Wlstanum et Walterum abbatera de Euesham, sicut erant die, qua novissime, tempore regis Eduuardi, geldum aooeptum fait ad navigintn faciendum, et ad istud deplacitandum, sis Gosfride prsesul in meo loeo, et, ut plene episcopus Wulstanus suam reotitu- dinem babeat, stude, et domos quas episcopus contra abbatem reclamat in "Wireceastra, facite sibi juste habere. Et ut omnes illi, qui terras ejus tenent, parati sint semper in meo servitio, et suo. Teste Eogero de lurio. [The following record of the judgment in this case was drawn up by the king's justiciar, bishop Geoffrey of Coutances : — ] ^ Gosfridus Constantiensis episcopus, Bemigio episcopo, et Waltero Giflfardo, et Henrico de Ferer, et Adam, cseterisque baronibus regis, salutem. Sciatis, quod ego testimonium fero, quia dum, ex prsecepto regis, placitum tenui inter episcopum Wlstanum et abbatem de Ueshand' quod episcopus diraciooinavit III. hidas ad Benninc- uuyrthe, et domos in civitate de suo feudo esse, ita quod abbas sibi debet inde servire, sicut alii sui feudati. Et deratiocinavit socam et sacam de Hamtona ad suum hundred de Osuualdes lauue, quod ibi debent placitare, et geldum et expeditionem, et cetera legis servitia, de illis XV. hidis secum debet persolvere, et ciricsceat, et sepulturam, ad suam villam Croppethorne debent reddere. Hoe fuit diratio- ■ 1 Monasticon, 601 (ed. 1846). ^ ii,_ 3 Evesham. 288 APPENDIX. cinatum et juratum coram me, et Urs de Abetot, et Osberno filio Esorob, et caeteris baronibus regis, judioante et testificante omni vicecomitatu. [The following acknowledgment of the concord which is mentioned in the plea, ante, p. 19, is given by Heming, a monk of Worcester at the time, from whom, indeed, all the reports of this case here given have been derived : — ] ' Hec est confirmatio conventionis, facte inter episcopum "Wl&taniim, et Walterura abbatem de Bouesham, de XV. hidis in Heamtone, et IIII. in Benninouuyrthe. Hoc est, quod ipse abbas recognovit, teste omni conventu Uuigornensis eoclesie, et multis fratribus de Eouesbam, et Remigio episoopo, et Henrico de Fereris, et Waltero Giffardo, et Adam, regis principibus, qui venerunt ad inquirendas terras comltatns, quod ille XV. hide juste pertinent ad Osuualdes lauue hundredum episcopi, et debent cum ipso episcopo censum regis solvere, et omnia aliaservitia ad regem pertiuentia, et inde idemre- quirere ad placitandnm, et de IIII. hidis predictis in Bennincuuyrthe similiter. Sed episcopus ibi plus oalumpniabatur, quia reclamabat totam ipsam terram ad suum dominium ; sed quia ipse abbas boc humiliter recognovit, rogatu ipsorum qui affuerunt, ipse episcopus permisit illam terram ipsi abbati et fratribus, tali pacto, ut ipse abbas faciat inde tarn honorabilem recognitionem et servitium, sicut ipse ab ipso episcopo et quamdiu requirere poterit. Hujus conventionis testes sunt prenominati baron es regis, et alii quorum nomina hie habentur. Serlo abbate de Gloecestre, Nigellus clericus Remigii episcopi, Ulf monachus Remigii episcopi, Wlfi presbiter, Ranulf monachus ejusdem, Edric de Hindelep, Alfuuinus monachus de Sancto Remigio, Godrio de Piria, Ailricus archidiaconus, Ordric iiiger, Fridericus clericus, Alfuuinus filius Brlhtmer. It thus appears that this acknoioledgment of the concord with which the case as given ante, p. 19, terminated, was made in the course of the great survey of Doomsday. And the fact is also affirmed by Heming on his own authority. He says : " Unde super hac re facta ab ipsls inquisitione, et testimonio totius vicecomitatus Sacramento firmato, in autentica regis cartula- hoc testimonium scribi fecerunt, et regali suaque auctoritale stabilitum deinceps, absque ' Hemingi Cart. 75, 296. 2 That is, the record for Doomsday. See Vol. I., p. 172 b, where the " cartula " here referred to, and given by Heming on pp. 298, 299, is found. APPENDIX. :189 querela et oalumnia, eandem libertatem firmam episcopo de ipso hundred, et terris ad eum pertinentibus, permanere, rege annuente, judicaverunt." Mr. Freeman assigns the whole litigation, including the plea given ante, pp. 16 — 19, to the time of the survey, asserting that the king's writ (supra) " was sent to the commissioners for the very purpose of fixing the entry to be made in Doomsday." 5 Norman Conquest, 763 (Oxford ed.). But there are strong grounds for doubting this statement. It is perfectly clear from the various records here given that there were two stages to this litigation, or rather two distinct litigations ; the first, as bishop Geoffrey's writ states, being the trial before him and his associates, and the second, as the acknowledgment of the concord shows, being before the commissioners of Doomsday. Now it may well be inquired why, if the commissioners ordered the trial reported ante, p. 16, they should not have been satisfied with the return made by the presiding judge, without an acknowledgment, before themselves, of the concord just agreed upon, according to this view, in open court. The proceeding would be idle, unless it was in the nature of an appeal from the judgment pronounced by Geof- frey ; and nothing of this kind appears. There are, however, stronger grounds for supposing that the trial reported near the commencement of this book was distinct from the acknowledgment of the concord, antedating it by a con- siderable number of years. The procedure there employed is the old procedure of the Anglo-Saxons (which lingered on for a very long period after the Conquest). The record is clear upon this point : it shows the case divided in the midst by a judgment in the usual Anglo-Saxon manner, not upon the merits of the cause, but directing the mode of producing the proofs. Ante, p. 18, "Tandem ex precepto," &c. See also Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law, p. 249, to the same effect. And it is worthy of notice that the king's writ does not order an inquisition, but is substantially what in later times was called a writ of right, — a writ as yet imperfectly developed. The litigation before the commissioners of Doomsday, on the other hand, was under the new procedure by inquisition, as is distinctly stated in the passage last quoted from Heming. For such a purpose, the king's writ should have been like the writs given ante, pp. 24, 33. If it should still be said that this does not show that the two trials might not have been continuous, or nearly so, there remains another potent fact. The names of those present at the later V 290 APPENDIX. litigation are above given, and they do not include one of those stated to have been present at the earlier trial,— a singular fact if Mr. Freeman's view be correct, since they would be the very persons to bear witness of the concord. Most if not all of them held lands in Worcestershire at the time of the survey.^ Hence, probably, they could not have lived far away, and might well be expected to be present throughout. Besides, Heming also gives (p. 291) the names of those at Oswaldslaw who swore on behalf of the bishop and prior before the commissioners, either at the second trial, or, more likely, in making the Doomsday return of the property of the church ; and not one of the persons present at the first trial appears among them. The difficulties are all removed by supposing a considerable nterval between the two trials. When the cause came before the commissions, the witnesses who appeared before bishop Geoffrey may well have been absent from the county, or possiblv it may have been forgotten who they were. It seems, then, not uni'eason- ahle to assign the first trial to the early part of the administration of Walter (who was inducted abbot in May, 1077), when the dis- pute probably arose.' The bishop would hardly he content to allow the abbot to hold the property peaceably for eight or nine years, and thus to gradually fortify himself by a prescriptive title. This view also makes the record of bishop Geoffrey more intelli- gible. It was sent to the court in the ordinary way, as evidence concerning a decision rendered a considerable time since, the exist- ence or nature of which, after such an interval, might be seriously disputed; for it is to be remembered that at that time judgments were not regularly enrolled and preserved by the courts. Other instances of the same nature are given ante, pp. 150, 182, 191-197. It should be added that Palgrave and the editor of the Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law also assign the plea before ' bishop Geoffrey to " about 1077." The whole case is therefore even more interesting than Mr. Freeman would make it. It illustrates not only the new procedure and the mode of taking the great survey upon disputed claims, but also one of the Anglo-Saxon modes of trial. ' Kinneward, 1 Doomsd. 172 b, 173 ; Edric, the steersman, and Osbern, filius Eicardi, ib. 173 b ; Urse, the sheyASj passim. '■' Other disputes between the bishop of Worcester and the abbot of Evesham bad existed before AValter's advent. Heming, 270 ; 5 Freeman, Norm. Conq. 763 (Oxford ed.). APPENDIX. 291 B. APPEAL OF TREASON AND ABUSE OF OFFICE. [The King v. Eael Odo. 1082.] ' [The defendant, half-brother of William the Conqueror, had been rewarded with the county of Kent for his services in the Conquest, at the same time retaining his position as bishop. Hoping to succeed Gregory VII. in the papacy, Odo had, during the absence of the king in Normandy, made great preparations to go to Rome to look after his prospects in person, and had made the most lavish outlays to ensure success. The king had left him in charge of the kingdom, as chief justiciar. The account proceeds : — ] Apparatum hujusmodi prudens-rex Guillelmus edidioit, sed non approbavit, regnoque suo, multisque aliis valde nociturum asstima- vit. Unde festinanter in Angliam transfretavit, ac Odoni episcopo cum grandi pompa navigare in Normanniam cupieuti, ex insperato in insula Veota ' obviavit. Ibi nimirum congregatis in aula regali primoribus regni rex ita locutus est. " Egregii proceres, verba mea diligenter audite, et salubre con- silium mihi, quaeso, tribuite. Autequam transfretassem in Nor- manniam, regimen Anglise fratri meo, Bajocensi episcopo, comraen- daveram. In Normannia multi contra me surrexerunt, et, ut ita dicam, intimi' et forinseoi me invaserunt. Eobertus filius meus, et tirones quos enutrivi, et quibus arma dedi, contra me rebellave- runt, eisque mei malefici clientes et flnitimi hostes gi'antanter adhse- serunt. Verum Deo, cujus servus sum, me protegente, nil profece- rant; nee de meo aliquid, nisi ferrum in vulneribus suis, obtinue- runt. Conglobatos in me Andegavenses paratus ad helium terrore compressi, parique modo rebellantes Cenpmannos armis et viribus compescui. His nimirum occupationibus ultra mare irretitus f ai, ibique diu moratus, publicis utilitatibus laboriose deservivi. In- terea frater meus Angliam vehementer oppressit, et ecclesias fundis et redditibus exspoliavit, ornamentis ab antecessoribus editis nudavit, militesque meos, qui contra Danos et Hibernenses, et alios hostes mihi nimis infestos, Angliam tutari debuerant, seduxit, et trans Alpes in extera regna, me contempto, pertrahere disponit. Nimius labor cor meum angit, pr^cipue pro ecclesiis Dei, quas 1 3 Ord. Vital. 189 (French Hist. Soc). ' Isle of Wight. ' inimioi p u 2 29i APPENDIX. afflixit. Christiani veges, qui ante me regnaverunt, ecclesiam Dei amaverunt, honoribus et xeniis multi generis locupletaverunt ; unde nunc, ut credimus, in amosna sede felici retributione gaudentes requiescunt. Adelbertus et Edvinus ac Sanctus Oswaldus, Athul- fus ac Alfredus, Edwardus senior et Edgarus, cognatusque mens et carissimus dominus Edwardus dederunt opes Ecclesise Sanctte, quas est sponsa Dei. Bt frater mens, cui totius regni tutelara commendavi, violenter opes diripuit, crudeliter pauperes oppressit, frivola spe milites mihi surripuit, totumque regnum injustis exac- tionibus ooncutiens exagitavit. Quid inde agendum sit caute con- siderate, et mihi, quseso, insinuate." Cumque omnes tantum vivum timerent, et sententiam in ilium proferre dubitarent, magnanimus rex ait : " Noxia temeritas sem- per comprimenda est, nee uni ad detrimentum reipublicse pro ali- quo favore parcendum est. Hunc ergo virum, qui terram turbat, comprehendite ; et, ne in deterius pravaleat, solei-ter custodite." Cumque nullus in episcopnm auderet injicere mannm, rex ipse primus apprehendit eum. Illo autem reclamante : " Clericus sum, et minister Domini ; non licet pontificem damnare sine judicio papse ;" providus rex ait : "Ego non olerieum nee antistitem damno, sed oomitem meum,' quem meo vice mea prseposui regno, rationem commissse villicationis audire volens comprehendo." Sic regia potestas prsefatum praesulem cepit, in Korraanniam deduci fecit, et in arce Eotomagensi incarceraYit, ibique intrusum quatuor annis, id est usque ad finem vitee suse ^ diligenter custo- divit. Compare The King v. Bishop William, post, p. 307 ; also The King V. Thomas a Becket, aiite, p. 213. ' That is, as earl of Kent ; — the suggestion, not unlikely, of Lan- franc, as in the case of bishop William, ^os?, p. 309. 2 The king's life. Odo was released in the king's last illne.ss, only to prove as troublesome and dangerous as before. See the case of bishop William, post, p. 308. APPENDIX. 293 C. DOOMSDAY INQUISITIONS.! [Aechbishop Lanfeanc v. Bishop Odo.] Hoc manerium [Estoches] fuit et est de episcopatu Rofensi, sed Godiiinus comes tempore regis Edwardi emit illud de duobus homi- nibus qui eum tenebant de episcopo, et eo ignorante facta est hs90 venditio. Postmodum vero regnante Willelmo rege, diratiooinavit illud Lanfrancus aroMepiscopus contra Baiocensem episcopum, et iude est modo saisita Eofensis secclesia. 1 Doomsday, 5 b. [Abbot of St. Augustine v. The Son of Ansfeid.] Hoc manerium [Badelesmere] reclamat abbas Sanoti Augustini, qiiia habuit tempore regis Edwardi et hundred attestantur ei. Sed filius hominis [Ansfrid] dioit patrem suum se posse vertere ubi voluerit, et hoc non annuunt monachi [Sancti Augustini]. lb. 10. [Abbot of St. Petee. Manoe of Teeveede.J Hoc manerium [Treverde] calumpniatur abbas Sancti Petri Win- toniensis. Testatur hundred quod tempore regis Edwardi tenebat eum de abbate qui tenebat tantummodo tempore vitse suje. lb. 23. [Lands of Bishop Odo.J Eanoulfus vicecomes tenet I. hagam, quam hucusque tenuit de episcopo Baiocensi. Homines vero testificantur quia non adjacet alicui manerio, sed qui tenebat eam tempore regis Edwardi con- cessit earn Toui pr^posito villse, pro emendatione unius suse foris- facturae. Altera domus est quam tenet prtepositus episcopi Baiocensis de manerio Bronlei. De hoc dicunt homines de comitatu, quod non habet ibi aliam rectitudinera, nisi quod quaudam viduam cujus erat domus accepit praBpositus villse, et ideo misit episcopus domum illam in suo manerio, et hucusque perdidit rex oonsuetudines, epis- copus autem habet. Dicunt etiam homines qui juraverunt de alia domo qua3 jaoet in Brunlei, propter hoc tantum quod prajpositus de ipsa villa fuit ami- cus hominis iUius qui banc domum habebat, et eo mortuo convertit eam ad manerium. lb. 30. ' Here are given all the rest of the cases of Doomsday of any legal value, not given in the text, ante, pp. 37 — 61. The date is anno 1085-1086. 294 APPENDIX. [LoPTTS V. Bishop Odo.J Quidam praepositus regis nomine Lofns hoc manerium [Ferne- come] calumpniatur, et homines de hundred illi testifioantur, quia tenebat illud de rege quando fuit rex in "Wales, et post tenuit, donee episcopus Baiocensis in Ghent perrexit. Ipse episcopus con- vertit ad firmam de Bronlei Keddesolham et rernecome. lb. 31 b. [Land op Abbot Ulwold. Weit oe Liteet op Seisin.] Isdem Ricardus habet VI. hidas in manerio Ebsa, quas abbas Wluuoldus deliberavit ei in emendatione Waletone, sic homines Ricardi dicunt. Sed homines de hundred dicunt se nunquam vi- disse brevem vel liberatorem regis qui eum inde saisisset. Hanc terram tenuerunt novem teigni, et cum ea se poterant vertere quo volebant. lb. 35. [Ansculp, a Sheeipp. Seal oe Liteet op Seisin.] Hanc terram habuit Ansculfus postquam i-ecepit viceoomitatum, sed homines de hundredo dicunt se non vidisse sigillum nee libera- torem. lb. 36. [Waltee de Dowai. Weit oe Liveet or Seisin.] Walterius de Dowai [tenet in Waleton] II. hidas de rege, sic dicit. Sed homines de hundredo dicunt se nunquam vidisse brevem vel nuncium regis qui eum inde saisisset. Hoc autem testantur quod quidam homo hanc terram tenens et quo vellet abire valens, submisit se in manu Walterii pro defensione sui. lb. [DuEAND. Weit oe Liveet op Seisin.] Hanc terram [in Sudtune] saisivit Durandus et dicunt homines quod injuste habet, nam nemo eorum brevem regis vel liberatorem vidit. lb. 36 b. [An Opficee v. Bael op Moetain.] Prsefectus calumniatur ad opus hujus manerii [Sudburne] unam virgatam terrse et pascuam quam vocant Dunam, quiB reddit XV. solidos. Comes Moritonus tenet. Sed hundred testatur quod in dominica firma regis jacere debeat, et ibi fuit tempore regis Bdwardi et pratum in eodem. lb. 39 b. APPENDIX. 295 [Abbot of St. Petek.] De isto manerio [Aultone] testatur comitatus quod injuste accepit [abbas Sancti Petri] pro exoambio domus regis, quia domus erat regis. lb. 43. [Monks op Winchestee.] Hoc manerium [Helingey] calumpniaiitur monacbi de epis- copatu Wintoniensi, eo quod Imma regina ' dedit illud seoelesisa Sancti Petri et Sancti Suuithuni, et tunc de medietate monacbos saisivit. Aliam vero medietatem Uluuardo in vita sua tantum ita dimisit, quatinus post obitum suum ipse sepeliendus et manerium rediret ad monasterium. Atque ita Uluuard de monacbis partem manerii tenuit, donee movtuus fuit tempore regis Willelmi. Hoc sic attestatur Elsi abbas de Ramesy, et totum hundret. lb. 43 b. [Hugh v. Tuestin, the Chamberlain.] Ad opus bujus manerii [Holstune] oalumpniatur ipse Hugo III. masuras, et angulum prati et unam virgatam et V. aoras terraa super Turstinum camerarium. De hoc fert testimonium totum hundred, quod antecessores ejus inde saisiti eraut et tenentes die quo rex Edwardus fuit vivus et mortuus. lb. 45. [Monks of Winchestee v. Ralph de Moetemee.] Isdem Radulfus [de Mortemer] tenet in Suantune unam hidam. Cheping tenuit de episoopo et de monachis [Wintoniensibus] et semper fuit de monasterio, sed concessa est eidem in vita sua tantum tenere, et post mortem ejus ad iECclesiam debebat redire. Hoc monachi dicunt, sed hundred nil scit de conventione, sed hoc scit quia de monasterio fuit, et geld non dedit nee modo facit, et nesciunt quare remansit. lb. 47. [Abbess of St. Maet.] Hoc manerium [Icene] oalumpniatur abbatissa Sancta Marine, et totum hundred et insnper totus vicecomitatus testimonium perhibet quod in abbatia fuit tempore regis Edwardi, et regis Willelmi, et juste esse debet. lb. 48. ' Mother of Edward the Confessor. 296 APPENDIX. [Eldeed, Beothee of Oda.J jEldred frater Ode calumpniatur unam virgatam terraa de hoc manerio [Cuntune], et dicit se earn tenuisse die qua rex Edvvardus fuit vivus et mortuus, et disaisitus fuit postquam rex Willelmus mare transiit, et ipse dirationavit coram regina. Inde est testis ejus Hugo de Port et homines de toto hundred. lb. 48 b. [William of Ow.] Hanc hidam [in Ferlege] calumpniatur Willielmus de Ow, diceus eam pertinere ad suum manerium. Sed homines de hundred non testantur quod habere debeat, sed praeoccupatam esse super regem. lb. [Odo v. Geoffeey.] Hanc hidam [in Basingestoc] calumpniatur Odo de Wine, dicens se illam habuisse in vadinionio pro X. libris de Alsi concessione regis Willelmi, et ideo injuste eam perdit. Goisfridus vero tenet de rege, pro servitio quod fecit Mathildi ejus filiae. lb. 49. [The King's Ofpicee.J De hoc manerio [Acangre] calumpniatur prsepositus regis dimidiam hidam ad pasturam boum regis. Scira vero testatur quod non potest habere pasturam nee pasnagiam de silva regis siout calumpniatur, nisi per vicecomitem. lb. 49 b. [Land op Alvin. Seal or Liveet of Seisin.] Dicunt homines de hundred, quod nunquam viderunt sigillum vel legatum regis qui saississet Aluuinum antecessorera ejus qui modo tenet de isto manerio [Tederlec], et nisi rex testificetur, nichil habet ibi. lb. 50. [The King v. Sawin. Seal.] Hanc dimidiam hidam [in Eocheborne] dicunt ministri viue- ccmitis pertinere ad firmam regis. Sed hundred et scira dicunt quod rex Edwardus dedit huic [Sawino], et inde habet sigillum ejus. lb. APPENDIX. 297 The King v. Henet de P.] Heni'icus de Pereires tenet in hoc manerio [Sudtone] de dominioa terra regis CXX. acras terrse, et III. acras prati, ideo quia Godrious antecessor suus cum vicecomes asset, aravit earn terram cum suis caruccis, sed ut dioit hundred ad curiam regis pertinere juste. Godric ocoupavit enim injuste. lb. 57 b. [Same Parties.] Henricus tenet ibi [in Henret] I. hidam qu83 fuerat in firma regis. Godricus tenuit. Aluricus de Taceham dicit se vidisse brevem regis quod eam dederit feminse Godrici in dono, eo quod nutriebat canes suos. Sed nemo est in hundred qui brevem viderit praster Aluricum. lb. [Bishop Osbeen.J Osberus episcopus tenet in dominio Booheland, in Gamesfel hundred, de episcopatu suo ut dicit. Uluricus tempore regis Edwardi ibi mansit. Unde judicium non dixerunt, sed ante regem ut judicet dimiserunt. lb. 58 b. [The King v. Henet de P.] Hanc terram [in Spersolt] dicit Henricus [de P.] fuisse Godrici antecessoris sui, sed sicut hundred testatur Godricus eam occupavit super Willelmum regem, post bellum de Hastinges, nee unquam temiit tempore Edwardi regis. lb. 60 b. [The King v. Azoe. "Writ oe Livbet of Seisin.] Hano terram [in Ardintone] tenet isdem Azor de Eoberto, sed homines de hundred testificantur eum de rege debere tenere, quam rex Willelmus apud Windesores ei reddidit, et brevem suum inde ei dedit. Kobertus vero tenet injuste. Nemo enim eorum vidit brevem regis vel ex parte ejus hominem qui eum inde saisisset. lb.' 63. [Bishop Osbeen. Peoof bt Ohartees.] De hoc manerio [Critetone] ostendit Osbernus episcopus cartas suas, quae testantur secclesiam Sancti Petri inde fuisse saisitam ante- quam rex Edwardus regnaret. Insuper tempore regis Willelmi diratiocinavit coram baronibus regis, esse suam. lb. 101 b. 298 APPENDIX. [HOMAGBES OF EaEL EuSTACE.] Hanc terram [in Horemede] tenuit Wluuard homo Asgari stalri. Hanc veclamant homines Bustachii oomitis, de qua fuerunt saisiti per II. annos postquam ipse comes ad hunc honorem venit, ut homines de hundret testantur. lb. 138 b. [A SoKEMAN V. The King.] Hanc terram [in Stuterehele] sumpsit Petrus vicecomes de isto sochomanno regis Willelmi in manu ejusdem regis, pro forisfactura de gildo regis se non reddidisseut homines sui dicunt. Sed homines de scira non portant vicecomiti testimonium, quia semper quieta fuit de gildo et de aliis erga regem, quamdiu tenuit, testante hundret. lb. 141. [Bael Alan v. Haedwin. Vouchee to Waheant.] De hao virga [in Berchedene] reclamat Alanus comes III. partes se habere juste debere. Nam inde erat saisitus quando mare nuper- rime transivit, ut homines de hundred sibi portant testimonium. Sed Harduinus reclamat Petrum vioecomitem ad protectorem et liberatorem jussu episcopi Baiocensis, quod ei liberavitpro excambio. lb. 141 b. [Eael William. Writ.] Homines de comitatu inquisiti dixerunt se nunquam vidisse brevem regis qui hanc terram [in Estone] diceret datam esse comiti WlUelmo. lb. 164. [Chubch of St. Mart.] Hoc manerium [Cernei] calumpniatum est ad secclesiam Sanctse MariiE de Abendone, sed omnis comitatus testificatus est Stigandum archiepiscopum X. annis tenuisse vivente Edwardo rege. lb. 169. [Abbot Walter. Lands at Benningwoeth.J Ipsaecclesia [Evesham] tenet IIII. hidas ad Beningwrde, et quin- tam hidam tenet Urso ; has V. hidas diratiooinavit Walterius abbas ad Ildebergam in IIII. [V. ?] soiris coram episcopo Baiocensi et aliis baronibus regis. lb. 175 b. See aiiie, p. 20. APPENDIX. 299 [Peiests of Huntingdon v. Bael Eustace. Weit oe Liveet OF Seisin.] Dicunt homines qui juraverunt in Huntedune, quod aecolesia Sancte Marise de burgo et ten-a quas ad earn pertinet fuit secclesiEe de Torny, sed abbas invadiavit earn burgensibus. Eex Edwardus autem dedit earn Vitali et Bernardo presbyteris suis, et ipsi vendi- derunt Hugoni camerario regis Edwardi. Hugo vero vendidit earn II. presbyteris de Huntedune, et habent inde sigillum regis Edwardi. Enstachius modo habet earn sine liberatore, et sine brevi et sine saisitore. [Bishop Remigius. Weit.J De terra Leuric dicunt quod fuit in soca regis, sed Eemigius episcopus ostendit breyem regis Edwardi, per quern Leuricus cum omni terra dederit in episcopatum Lincolise cum saoa et sooa. lb. 208 b. [William de C. v. Hugh de B.] In hac ten-a episcopatus [Lincoliensis] reclamat Willelmus de Caron LX. acras inter planum et silvam super Hugonem de Belcampo, unde Radulfus Taillebosc desaisivit patrem ejusdem Willelmi, qui ipsam terram tenebat tempore regis Edwardi, ut homines de hun- dred dicunt. lb. 210. [Hugh de B. v. "William de C] Hanc terram de Tilebroc reclamat Hugo Belcampo super Willel- mum et homines de hundred portant inde testimonium, quod Kadulfus Tallebosc antecessor ejus de ea per regem saisitus fuit, et earn tenuit. lb. 211 b. [Alfeed v. Waltee of Plandees.] Cum his III. hidis [in WUge] reclamat Alueredus super Walterum Flandrensem dimidiam hidam, de qua injuste desaisivit eum, ut homines de hundred inde portant testimonium, quum antecessor ejus tempore regis Edwardi inde saisitus est, et isdem Alueredus postea fuit saisitus. Cum hac terra adhuc reclamat isdem Alue- redus super episcopum Coustantiensem silvam C. porcis quam habuit suus antecessor tempore regis Edwardi, sed episcopus desai- sivit eum injuste, ut homines de hundred testantur. lb. 215 b. 300 APPENDIX. [W., THE Chambeelain, V. Adulf.] Cum hoc manerio [Totenehou] reclamat W. camerarius II. hidas, quas ejus antecessor tenuit tempore regis Edwardi, sicut hundred tustatur, sed episcopus Baiocensis per vim ei abstulit, et Adelulfo suo camerario dedit. lb. 216. [Adeliz v. Hugh de B.] In hac eadem [terra in Oustone] reclamat Adeliz prtedicta dimi- diam virgatam et XXX. acras inter silvam et planum super Hugonem de Belcampo, et homines de hundred portant testimonium quod hac terra jacuit tempore regis Edwardi cum alia terra quam tenet Ade- liz, et ille qui hanc terram tenuit potuit dare vel venders oui voluit. Hanc terram Radulfus injuste oooupavit, quando vicecomes fuit. lb. 217 b. [Bishop Wulstan. Weit.] Bricstuinus tempore regis Edwardi tenuit in Alvestone VII. hidas et dimidiam. De hac terra habuit Eldred arohiepiscopus socam et sacam, et tol et teim, el cerset, et omues alias forsfacturas prseter illas IIII. quas rex habet per totum regnum. Hoctestantur filii ejus Leuuinus, Edmar et alii IIII. sed nesciuut de quo an de secclesia an de comite Leurio cul serviebat hauc terram tenuit. Dlcunt tamen quod ipsi tenuerunt eam de L. comite, et quo volebant cum terra poterant se vertere. Eeliquas autem VII. hidas et dimidiam tenuit Britnoldus et Aluui tempore regis Edwardi. Sed comitatus nescit de quo tenuerint. Wlstanus episcopus dicit se hanc terram deplaci- tasse coram regina Mathilde in prsesentia IIII. vicecomitatuum, et inde habet breves regis AVillelmi, et testimonium comitatus Waruuic. lb. 238 b. [Chuech of St. Maet v. Robert.] In hoc manerio [Brunftlde] tempore regis Edwardi erant XX. hida3, et totum habebant XII. canonici ipsius fecolesite [Sanctse i\larise]. Unus eorum Spirtes nomine tenebat solus X. hidas. Sed cum fuisset exulatus ab Anglia, dedit rex Edwardus has X. hidas Roberto filio Wimarch sicut canonioo. Robertus vero dedit eaudem teri'am cuidam suo genero. Quod cum canonici iudicassent regi, coufestim prtecepit ad ascolesiam terram reverti, tantummodo indu- cians donee ad curiam instantis Natalis Domini Roberto juberet ut genero suo terram aliam provideret. Ipse autem rex in ipsis festis APPENDIX. 301 diebus obiit, et ex eo usque nunc secclesia terrain perdit. Haiic tenet modo Robertus de oomite Eogerio, et vasta est et vasta inventa est. lb. 252 b. [Bishop of Chester.] In manerio Roberti filii Hugonis calumpniatur episcopus de Cestre II. hidas quas de episcopatu erant tempore Cnut regis, et comitatus ei testifioatur, quia Sanotus Cedda injuste perdit. lb. 26.3. [Ilbeet v. Eooee of Poitou.J De hao terra [in Cropbille] fuit saisitus Ilbertus de Laoi, sed quando Eogerius Pictaviensis acoepit terram, saisivit istud manerium super Ilbertum. Wapentac portat testimonium Ilbertum fuisse saisitum, modo est in manu regis. lb. 291. [Abbot of St. Petee v. Baldwin.] Hanc [terram in Dodintune] tenet Balduinus de rege, abbas vero clamat ad opus Sancti Petri, testimonio hominum totius comitatus. lb. 370. [The Kins v. A ceetain Cibek.J Quidam elericus comitis B. invaserat XLII. acras, et tenebat illas ad feudum comitis E., sed hundred eas testatur ad Neuport, et ita modo babet rex. Clerious vero judicatus est in misericordia regis, et de omni cessu, et de corpore suo. 2 Doomsday, 7. [The King v. Chuech of St. Petes. False Weit.] Hec terra [in Pbantuna] calumpniata est ad opus regis quod per falsum brevem venerit ad eoolesiam [Sancti Petri]. lb. 14. [Chubch of Ely v. Odo. Vouchee to Waeeant.] Odo homo Suani accepit X. acras, quae fuerunt de ecclesia [de Eli], et hundred hoc testatur, sed vocat dominum suumad tutorem. lb. 18 b. [A CERTAIN PeEEMAN V. ToEOLD.] Quidam liber homo tenuit in Eilesforda dimidiam hidam, quem ' invasit ^Toroldus sicut aliam terram, et quando reoepit, dimldia ' quam. 302 APPENDIX. caruoata, modo nulla, sed potest esse, et hundred nescit quomodo habet hano terram, et quia neque legatus neque alius homo venit ex parte sua qui derationasset hanc terrain, ideo est in manu regis cum alia. lb. 25 b. [RaKULF PiPEEELL v. a CEETilN SoLDIEB. VOUCHEE TO Waeeant.J Eanulfus Piperellus calumpniatur dimidiam bidam, et XVIII. acras que jacent ad ecclesiam bujus manerii [Borbam] et dimidiam ecclesiam, et Ingelricus [invasor] non fuit saisitus, sed comes E. dedit cuidam suo militi unde revooat eam ad defensorem. lb. 31b. [Manoe of Legea. Land of Scalpin.] Istud quoque manerium [Legra] tempore regis Edwardi dedit Esgarus Haroldo, et Heroldus iterum dedit cuidam suo buscarlo, nomine Soalpino, et iste Scalpinus dedit uxori suae in dote, viden- tibus II. hominibus, scilicet Rogero marescalco, et quodam Anglico, et hoc testatur hundred, quod audierunt recognosoere Scalpino, et postquam rex venit in banc terram tenuit ipse, donee ivit ubi mortuus fuit in Ebroica, in utlagaria. lb. 59. [Fee of Geoffeey de M.] Hec III. maneria [in Essexa] priecepit rex per Robertum de Oilleio, ut Hugo teneret de Goisfrido de Magnavilla, si ipse Gt. posset ea deratiocinari ad suum feudum, et antequam G. dera- tionaret ea pertinere suo feudo, Hugo ea tenuit de Goisfrido. lb. 61. [Certain Feeemen. Claim of Aitaed.J Ex his [liberis hominibus] tenuit Roger [Bigot] comes III. inte- gros cum terra, XII. acris et dimidia, quando se forisfecit, mod-o tenet Aitardus homo Rogeri Bigot, et reclamat ex feudo episcopi Baiocensis. Sed iste Aitardus non habet ab antecessore suo nisi in uno dimidio commendationem, teste bundret. lb. 124. [Taeald v. Godeic] Hunc [liberum bominem presbyterum] tenuit Leustan antecessor Tibeli, tempore regis Edwardi, et Radulfus eum tenuit quando APPENDIX. 303 forisfeoit, et est de soca de Caustuna, modo eum tenet Godricus. Sed Taraldus homo Willelmi de Warrena eum saisivit super regem et tenuit per tres annos, modo derationatus est super eum, et reddit Turaldus V. solidos de catallo regis et dedit vadem de justitia facienda. lb. 133. [RoGEE V. Altin de T. "Weit oe Livbet of Seisin.] Hals tenuit Alestan, teinnus Heroldi tempore regis Edwardi, I. carucata terraj, et XL. aoraj. . . . Hie Alestanus oommendavit se Alwino de Tedford, tempore regis Willelmi, et ex hoc erat saisitus quando rex Willelmus dedit Eogero terram illius, sed hundred non vidit brevem vel liberatorem quod daret Alvino. lb. 181 b. [GoDEic V. RoGEE Sad.] In Hethingham I. liber homo Bondo, XXX. aorse terre, quern tenet Bogerus Sad feudum Ulchetelli, sed ipse XJlchetel habuit dimidiam oommendationem de illo, tempore regis Edwardi et de uxore ipsius totam commendationem, et Godricus dapifer eum calumpniatur quod eum tenuit quando Radulfus comes forisfeeit, et hundret testatur quod serviebat Godrioo sed nesciunt quomodo. lb. 18.'J b. [AlTAED V. ROGEB BiGOT.] Modo tenet Rogerus Bigot [I. liberum hominem nomine Gert], et revocat ad feudum suorum liberorum ex dono regis, et Aitardus contradicit hundret qui hoc testatur sed Meinardus affirmat cum hundreto. lb. 185 b. [RoGEB Bigot.] Modo Rogerus Bigot revocat [terram in Stercstuna] ad feudum liberorum suorum ex dono regis. Sed hundred testatur quod quando Eicardus Punnatus erat prtepositus in Hersam, pertinebatin Hersam sed ille qui modo tenet, tunc subprsepositus Ricardi, in Ersam, abs- tulit, et teste hundredo et dedit censum in Ersam, XX. solidos, et VI. d. unoquoque anno de hao terram,' nominatim, et de alia, sed hoc anno non reddidit, et W. de Noiers habuit hucusque cen- sum. lb. 186. ' terra. 304 APPENDIX. [A CERTAIN Freeman. Proof by Ordeal orrEEED.] Unum ex illis septem [liberis] de Taseburc calumpniatur Hermer, et quidam Anglicus suus homo ex hoc ofFert judicium, quod suus antecessor erat ex eo saisitus die qua rex Edwardus vivus luit et mortuus, et hoc oontradicit totus hundred vel belle vel judicio, ex hoc dedit ille Anglicus vadem. lb. 190. [Land of William de S. The King vouched to Warrant.] Hanc terram [in Boleuuartuna] tenuit Eafridus, et comes Radul- fus devationavit dimidiam, et tenuit ea die qua forisEecit. Modo eam tenet Uroius homo Rafridi ad f'eudum Willelmi de Scohies et revocat regem ad tutorem. lb. 221 b. [Roger Bigot v. Ralph.J Hanc terram tenet Radulfus in Neketuna sed non jacuit in Neketuna tempore regis Edwardi ■ nee tempore Heroldi, et Rogerus Bigot eam revocat de dono regis, et revocat liberatorem. lb. 236. [Ralph de W. v. Bodin de "W.] Hii [XIIII. liberi homines] fuerunt commendati antecessori Radulfi de Waer, post liberati sunt Bodin de Uer ex parte regis. Postea derationavit eos ad suum feudura, Radulfus, et quum foris- fecit tenebat eos, Herueus de Uer de illo. Hoc testatur hundret. lb. 242. [Bainabd v. Robert, Son of C] Rotbertus, filius Corbationis calumpniatur hanc terram [in S^atagrava], ex liberatione sed Bainardus primum fuit saisitus, et post Rotbertus et hundred nescit quomodo. lb. 253 b. [Situation of Freemen.] De istis [XVII. liberis hominibus] calumpniatur I. serviens regis, ad feudum Radulfi comitis, XIII. et dimidium, quos tenebat quando se forisfeclt quocumque, judicio judicatus et hoc hundred testatur, et tenent LXXX. acras terre, et II. acras prati, et reddunt, in Snarin<'a, XVII. solidos, etIIII. d. lb. 25S. APPENDIX. 305 [Isaac v. A ceetain Nun.J In Sinthinga, calumpniatur quedam paupera monialis II II. aoras terre quas ilia tenet sub Radulfo tamen' ante et postquam se foris- fecisse et ita testatur hundred, et Isao- revocat ex dono regis, ad feudum suum. lb. 264 b. [A Feeb Woman v. Aitaed. Peoop bt Ordeal offered.] In Brambetuna tenet Aitardus de Eogero XVI. aoras, quod tenuit libera femina commendatione Bdrici, et fi. comes tenebat quando forisfecit, teste hundred, et Eobertus Blundus postea in manu regis, et modo tenet Aitardus homo Rogeri Bigot commen- datione postquam Eogerus forisfecit. Ita hundred esse testatur, et ilia femina offert judicium quod verum est teste hundred, et Aitar- dus contradicit, et sub ea sunt II. integri liberi homines. lb. 277 b. [RoGEE Bigot and Godeic. Pboof by Oedeal oe Battle OFFEEED.] In Bichesle I. liber homo Anslec commendatus, cum dimidio libero tempore regis Bdwardi, de XVIT. acris. . . Istuni servavit Eogerus Bigot in'manu regis sicut dicit et reddit censum in hun- dred, sed hundred testatur, quod Godricus dapifer tenuit sub rege, ad feudum Radulfl comitis antequam forisfecit I. anno, et post per II. annos ex dono regis, et contra, homo Rogeri Bigot contra- dicit juditio vel bello. lb. [The King v. Buechaed. Peoof offeeed " omni modo."] Et hundred testatur quod vere rex et comes habuit socam et sacam [in Melnessa] tempore regis Edwardi sed homines illius ville testantur quod Burchardus similiter habuit sooam de liberis homi- nibus sicuti de suis villanis, et non habet aliqiiid testimonium post se, et tamen volunt probare omni modo. lb. 283 b. [Alueic v. Rogee Bigot. The King voitched to Wabeant.] Et quando Eobertus Malet habuit [Scoteleiam et Bercolt], redde- bat totum simul LX. libras ad pensum, et VIII. libras ad numerum ' tam. 306 APPENDIX. de gersumma, et tantuiidem modo reddebat Rogevo Bigoto ut ipse propositus dicit, sed Eogerus dicit quod reddebat plus XL. solidos ad numerum, et unam marcam auri, sed Aluiicus propositus con- tradicit, et Eogerus vult probare per illos homines qui ad suas con- ventiones fuerunt. Modo reddit ille Aluricus LX. libras ad pensum, et sic tenet de rege tali conventione quod debet facere regi LX. libras de proficuo, et ex hoc revocat regem ad warantum, sic ipse dicit, et dicit etiam quod non remanet in eo quod non facit illud proficuum. lb. 287 b. [Edbic, a Feeeman. Peoof by Oedeal offered. VorcHEE TO Warrant.] Hunc Bdricum^ saisivit rex Edwardus in sua maiiu postea non vidit hundret ut ad Edricum dominum suum rediret, sed tunc ipse dicit et oifert juditium quod rediit, et liberos homines quos habet sub se oommendatos tenet, et ex eis revocat Eobertum warantum. lb. 311. [EOBEET FaEDENC. PeOOF AGAINST THE HUNDRED OFFEEED " 05INIDXJS LESIBUS."] Hane terram [in Cebbenhala] calumpniatur, Eobertus Pardenc homo Godrici dapiferi, ad manerium regis de Melnesam, et dicit quod Galterus Dedol- tenuit quando forisfecit, et hoc vult probare contra totum hundred, omnibus legibus. lb. 371. [Abbot of St. Edmund (?) and Robert.] Eodem tempore fuerunt furati equi inventi, in domo istius Brungari, ita quod abbas cuius fuit soca et saca et Rodbertus qui habuit commendationem super istum [Brungarum], venerunt de hoc furto ad placitum et sic hundred testatur. Discesserunt amicabiliter sine iuditio quod vidissed hundret. lb. 401 b. ' Edric had commended himself with his lands and men to another Edric, who had been outlawed by Edward the Confessor, and afterwards pardoned and restored to his rights ; permission being given all his men to return. It was alleged that the above- mentioned Edric had not returned. " de Dol? APPENDIX. 307 [Ranulf v. Ralph.] Hio Brictmarus [llbei' homo commeiidatus] liabuit plures terras et quedam pars f uit liberata ex parte regis Ingelrieo. Et alie partes, Randulfo fratri Ilgeri, et tertia pars Radulfo Pinello, et in ista tertia parte fuit ista supradicta terra deliberata Radulfo sicut ipse dicit et idem perhibet hoc testimonium, quod ipse fuit saisitus in- primis, set utrum ex parte regis neonon fuisset saisitus illud igno- rant, et dicunt etiam, quod istam terram Randulfus calumpniavit super Radulfum, et vioeoomes Rogerus denominavit illis constitu- tum tempus M. ut ambo adfuissent. Ranulfo adveniente, defuit Radulfus, et idciroo diiudicaverunt homines hundreti, Rannulfum esse saisitum, qui modo tenet set Radulfus Pinel negat quod non fuit summonitus de eo placito. lb. 424. [Richard de Cdeci v. The Fathee of R. M. Fine. Temp. Hen. I.] Domus Siwardi Lenerunsonne reddebat tempore regis Edwardi consuetudinem. Modo tenet Robertus Maledoctus, et faoit simi- liter consuetudinem. Sed pater ipsius Roherfci prseoccupavit vicum I. in ilia domo, unde Rioardus de Curci eum implacitavit, qui erat tunc justicia regis et tunc antea justiciam regis de hoc placito fecit finem et hec domus, et alie sue domus reddunt VI, lib. et XVI. sol. 4 Doomsday, 534. D. APPEAL OF TREASON. [The King v. Bishop William of St. Caeilef. 1088.] ' [The king (William Eufus) having disseised the bishop of St. Carilef of his lands, and the lands of his church, for alleged treason, the bishop sends letters to the king, asking for restitution, but without success ; the king insisting that the bishop shall first purge himself of the charge of treason, and the bishop refusing. Afterwards in a personal interview with the king (held under promise of safety) the bishop offers to purge himself of the "crimes and perjury" charged upon him, but the offer is refused, because it is made " recto judicio mei ordinis ;" that is, the accused offers to purge himself as a bishop, and the king demands that he shall 1 1 Monasticon, 244—250 (ed. 184(3), abridged. 308 APPENDIX. purge himself " laicallter." In a letter sent to the king after this interview, the bishop says : " Si adhuc in sententia ilia, ut me purgare debeam laico more perseveratis, de hoc prius paratus sum recto judiciojudicari, ea quidem condicione, ut si quis me in justo judicio opprimere voluerit, securitate predicte pacis conservata, lioeat mihi contradicere secundum recta judicia mei ordinis in eo loco ubi canonice judicatum fuerit, et quicquid ibi recte judicabitur, ex toto profiteor me sequi, sive oarcerali pena cruciari, seu honoris dignitate privari." The king replies by seizing the messenger and sending his army against the bishop. After ravaging the country, the king's generals arrange a safe conduct for the bishop through the lines to the King's Court ; which was then in attendance upon the king, aiding him in the suppression of the rebellion set on foot at the beginning of his reign. The court consisted of the king's retinue of great men, archbishop Lanfranc, archbishop Thomas, the bishops, earls, barons, and officers of the armj'. After entering the court, the bishop arises, and, addressing tlie king, prays to be re- stored to the enjoyment of his bishopric, of which he has been deprived, as he says, " sine judicio." He is told that he must first answer the king. This he refuses to do, and claims exemption as an ecclesiastic from trial by the court. The record proceeds :] Tunc Hugo de Bello-Monte ex precepto regis surgens dixit episcopo, " Eex te appellat, quod cum ipse audivit quod inimici sui super eum veniebant, et homines sui, episcopus scilicet Baiocensis,' et Eogerus comes et alii plures regnum suum pariter sibi et coronam auferre volebant, et ipse per consilium tuum contra illos equitabat^ ipse te, me audiente, summonuit, ut cum eo equitares, tu vero respon- disti ei, te cum septem militibus, qaos ibi habebas, libenter iturum, et pro pluribus ad castellum tuum sub festinacione missurum, et postea fugisti de curia sua sine ejus licentia, et quosdam de familia sua tecum adduxisti, et ita in necessitate sua defecisti, et modo vult ut inde sibi facias quod curia sua judicabit, et si necesse fuerit postea te pluribus appellavit." [The bisho]) persists in refusing to be tried on the charge until the king first hears his complaint for the disseisin of his dignities and temporalities. The question is then taken into consideration on suggestion of tlie bishop of Coutances whether the king ought first to hear the accused ; the latter retiring with liis retainers until a decision is made by the court. A conclusion having been readied, the bishop returns, and ' Odo, bishop of Bayeux, who had been imprisoned by his brother, the Conqueror, was released by the latter on his deathbed. APPENDIX. 309 answer is given him by the archbishop of Yorli that he must first submit to trial upon the appeal of the king. The bishop refuses, and interposes his clerical order as a protection against the pro- ceedings, but archbishop Lanfranc replies :] " Nos non de episcopio sed de tuote fedo judicamus, et hoc modo judioavirnus Baiocensem episcopum ante patrem hujus regis de fedo suo,' nee rex vocabat eum, episcopum in placito illo, sed fratrem et coniitem." Et epis- copus ait, " Domine archiepiscope, ego nuUam feci hodie men- tionem vel fedum habere me dixi, sed de episcopii mei dissaisione conquestus sum et conqueror," et archiepiscopus, " Si nunquam, inquit, audiam te loqui de fedo, scio te tamen magnum fedum habuisse, et inde te judicavimus." [The bishop now alleges an appeal to the pope.] Cumque episcopus egrederetur et vocatus regrederetur, Hugo de Bello-Monte surgens dixit episcopo, "Domine episcope, regis curia et barones isti vobis pro justo judicant, quando sibi vos respondere non vultis de hiis de quibus vos per me appellavit, sed de placito suo invitatis eum Romam, quod vos fedum vestrum inde forisfaoitis ;'" et episcopus respondit, " In omni loco in quo non violentia sed justicia dominetur, de soelere et perjurio me pnrgare paratus sum, et hoc quod hie pro judioio recitasti in Romana ecclesia falsum et injuste dictum esse monstrabo." " Ego, inquit Hugo, et compares mei parati snmus judicium nostrum in hac curia confirmare." The remainder of the case is mainly taken up with angry alter- cations between the king and the court on the one side, and the bishop on the other, concerning the right of the latter to go to Rome ; permission finally being granted. E. MINOR WRITS OF WILLIAM I., WILLIAM II., AND HENRY I. [Bishop Ranulf v. Alan de Peect. Temp. Wm. I.]^ [The king's writ of seisin.] Willelmus rex Anglie, Thoma archiepiscopo, et Bertramo de Verdon, et baronibna suis Francis et Anglis de Everwicscire salutem. Sciatis me reddidisse Ranulpho episcopo Dunelmensi ' Ante, p. 292. ' 1 Monasticon, 241 (ed. 1846). 310 APPENDIX. terras illas omnes, de quibus erat lis inter ilium et Alanum de Perceio ; et nominatim Lunt et Hogum, et quicquid pertinet Wellentone, et tu Bertrame saise eum inde. Testibus Willelmo cancellario, et comite de Mellent, et Roberto filio Hamonis apnd Salosberiam, quarto die Theophauie. [Oanoks of St. Mabt. Temp. Wm. II.] ' [The king's writ directing the defendant not to require customs of the plaintiffs.] AV. rex, T. vicecomiti salutem. Mando tibi, quod ego terram canonicorum Sanctae Marite de Lincolnia de omnibus costumis qiiietas concedo. [Canons of St. Maet. Temp. Wm. II.] ' [The king's writ directing that the canons of St. Mary have tithes and customs.] W. rex Anglorum, I. Tailebois et Osberto clerico salutem. Mando vobis et prsecipio, ut canonici Sanctae Mariae de Lincolia ita bene habeant decimas suas et oonsuetudines, sicut eas melius babe- bant tempore patris mei. Teste R. episoopo. [Bishop Heebeet akd Petee de Valobiis. 1108.] ^ [The king's writ confirming a concord between the parties as to certain plougb-land and pasture.] Henricus rex Anglorum Herberto episcopo et Radulfo de Bello- fago et omnibus baronibus suis, Francis et Anglis, de Soutbfolk et Northfolk, salutem. Sciatis nie concessisse finem quara Herbertus episcopus et Petrus de Valoniis fecerunt inter se de Binham et Langbam apud Norwic. in mea curia ante me et baroues meos, et id unde erat contentio inter eos, prrecipio ut illud quod aratum fuit die qua pater meus vivus et mortuus fuit, sit modo arabile : et quod ilia die non erat aratum, sit modo communis pastura inter Langbam et Binham. Teste Rogero episcopo Saresberie et Williehno comite de Warenna et Gilberto de Aquila, Willielmo de Albini, et Rogero filio Ricardi et Gilberto fratre suo, et Otnero filio comitis, et Symon de Molendinis, apud Norwyc. in die Sancti Andrese. ' 6 Monasticon (part 3), 1272 (1846). ^ jij_ » 3 Monasticon, 348 (.1846). APPENDIX. 311 P. CLAIM OP INHEEITANCB. VALIDITY OF MAERIAGE. [ElCHAED DE AnESTT V. MaBEL DE PeANCHEVILLE. 1158—1163.] 1 [The following is but a portion of a very lengthy case. The full report is nearly as tedious as the well-nigh interminable suit itself must have been. The extract given is complete bo far as it goes, and is sufficient to indicate the nature and peculiarities of the litigation. The report is a detailed account of the costs and charges which the plaintiff incurred in recovering certain land as heir of his uncle, William de Sackville. The defendant was the sole surviving child of Adeliza (daughter of the vicecomes Aufred), by William. He had contracted a marriage with Adeliza in viola- tion of a previous engagement of marriage with Albreda de Tregoz. Albreda thereupon instituted proceedings in the Ecclesiastical Court, and finally obtained a rescript from the pope declaring that the espousals between William de Sackville and herself having been contracted " per verba de praBsenti " constituted a marriage, and that the second marriage was therefore void. Sentence of nullity was accordingly pronounced at a synod in London, and William thereupon returned to Albreda and cohabited with her until his death.''] Hie est sumptus et custamentum quod ego, Eicardus de Aneste, posui, in terra Willielmi avunouli mei perquirenda. Scilicet in primum, niisi quendam hominem meum in Normanniam, pro brevi regis, per quod posui adversarios meos in placitum : qui dimidlam marcam dispendidit in illo itinere. Et cum mihi nuncius mens breve apportasset, reoepto brevi, porrexi Sarum cum brevi, ut ibi in sigillo reginse reverteretur ; et in illo itinere dispendidi duas marcas argenti. Et cum inde redissem, audiens quod Eadulfus Brito deberet trans- fretare, secutus sum eum usque Suhamtun, causa loquendi cum eo, ut perquireret mihi breve regis ad archiepiscopum ; quia scivi quod placitum debebat in curia ejus divertere : et in illo itinere dis- pendidi viginti duos solidos et septem denarios, et amisi unum pale- fridum quem emeram pro quindecim solidis. Et inde reversus cum brevi reginse, ivi Angriam, et tradidi breve Kicardo de Luci. Quo viso et audito, posuit mihi diem placitandi apud Norhanton in 1 3 Palgrave, Commonwealth, 75. ^ lb. 7, 8. 312 APPJiNDIX. vigilia Sanoti Andrew. Et infra hunc terminum misi Nicholaum, clericum meum, propter Gaufridum de Tresgos, et propter Al- bredam sororem ejus, scilicet quo? fuit uxor avunculi mei, quos invenit in Norfolck apud Berneiam ; et in illo itinera dispendidit quindecim solidos, et amisit unum rancinum quem emeram novem solidis. Et cum redisset, ivi ad placitutn meum apud Norhanton cum amicis et auxiliis meis ; et in illo itinere dispendidi quinquaginta et quatuor solidos. Abhinc, posuit mihi diem alium apud Subamtun ad quiiidecimum diem; et in illo itinere dispendidi- quinquaginta septem solidos ; et in illo itinere araisi unum runcinum qui valebat duodecim solidos. Postea venit Radulfus Brito, de Normannia, et apportavit mihi breve regis, per quod placitum fuit remotum in curiam archiepiscopi ; et illud breve apportavi Theobaldo arohi- episcopo, quem apud Wintoniam inveni ; et in illo itinere dispendidi viginti quinque solidos et quatuor denarios ; et tunc posuit raibi arcbiepiscopus diem ad festum Sancti Vincentii ; et illud placitum fuit apud Lambetbe. Abbinc posuit mibi diem ad festum Sancti Valentini martyris ; et in illo itinere dispendidi octo solidos et sex denarios ; et illud placitum erat apud Maidestan. Abbinc posuit mihi diem ad festum Sanctarum Perpetuje et Pelicitatis ; et infra istum terminum ivi ad episcopum Wintonite, loqui cum eo, ut testificaret divortium quod ante ilium fuerat factum in synodo LundonifE ; et in illo itinere dispendidi unam marcam argeiiti. Et, accepto episcopi testimonio, veni ad diem meum prfenorainatum, munitus pli\citandi, et illud placitum erat apud Lambetbe ; ct ibl dispendidi triginta septem solidos et sex denarios. Exinde posuit mibi diem in proximo die Lunae post " La'tare Jerusalem." Et infra bine terminum ivi propter magis- truni Ambrosium, qui cum abbate de Sancto Albano in Norfulc tunc erat ; et in iUo itinere dispendidi novem solidos, et quatuor denarios ; et Samsonem, capellanum meum, misi pro magistro Petro do Jlelide usque Bucbingbam ; et in illo itinere amisit pale- fridum suum, quem ci restitui per unam marcam argenti; et septem solidos ibi dispendiderat- Pcrqiiisitis clericis pra;noniinatis, veni ad diem meum, cum auxi- liis meis apud Lundoniam; et in illo itinere dispendidi quinque marcas argenti. Exinde posuit mihi diem ad " Quasi modo geniti ; " et infra hunc terminum misi Johannem, fratrem meum, ultra mare, ad curiam regis, quia dictum fuit mibi, adversaries meos per- quisisse breve regis, se non placitaturos antequam rex Anglise remearet. Et idcirco misi fratrem meum propter aliud breve, ne APPENDIX. ;313 plaeitum meum remanevet propter breve adversarlorum meorum ; et in isto itiiiere dispendidit frater meus tres maroas argenti ; et ego ipse interim ivi Cioestriam Joqui cum episcopo Hylario, ut testificaret divortium quod viderat esse factum ante dominum Wintoniensem in synodo LmidoniEe cujus testimonium recepi, scilicet literas suas, quas misit archiepiscopo, qulbus testificavit divortium : et in illo itinere dispendidi quatuordecim solidos et quatuor denarios. Veni igitur ad diem meum apud Lundoniam, cum cleriois et testibus et amicis et auxiliis meis ; et moratus sum ibi per quatuor dies, quotidie placitans ; et in illo itinere dispendidi centum et tres solidos. Inde posuit mihi diem ad Eogationes. Et cum venissem ad diem meum apud Cantuariam, dixerunt adversarii mei, se nolle pla- citare pro summonitione exercitus regis de Talus ; et in hoc itinere dispendidi ooto solidos, et inde recessi sine die. [Many more lengthy and vexatious delays and journeys,' with changes of venue, and appeals to the pope,' follow, of the same fruitless nature, until finally the plaintiff obtains a writ summoning " adversarios suos " before the king.J Et venimus coram rege apud Wudestoche, ubi per ooto dies morati sumus ; et tandem, gratia domini regis, et per judicium ourije suse, adjudicata est mihi terra avunculi mei. Et ibi dispendidi septem libras et decem solidos. Hfec sunt dona quae dedi in curia archiepiscopi placitatoribus ^ et clericis mihi auxiliantihus, scilicet undecim marcas argenti. Et in curia domini Wintoniensia, quatuordecim maroas argenti, et magistro Petro de Melide decem marcas, et unum annulum aureum de dimidia marca argenti. Et magistro Eoberto de Chimai unam ' Resulting in all in the loss of six horses. ^ The plaintiff, tired of repeated continuances, at one stage of the case obtains the king's permission to appeal to the pope, though judgment had not been given against him. The pope granted his writ directed to the bishop of Chichester and the abbot of West- minster, requiring them to try the cause, and a day is set for trial at Westminster ; but with no better result. In the course of the proceedings there, the defendant takes an appeal to the pope, where the plaintiff was successful ; "judicium de adulterio " having been rendered. The case then comes back to England. ^ One of the plaintiff's counsel was the celebrated Ranulf de Glanvill, at that time sheriff of Yorkshire. 314 APPENDIX. marcani. Et in Curia Regis dispendidi, in donis, in anro efc in argento et in equis, sedeoim maroas et dimidiam. Et magistro Petro de Littleberia dedi quadraginta solidos. Et in Cfeteris plaoi- tatoribus de amicis meis, qui ad placita mea solebant venire, dis- pendidi in argento et in equis donandis duodeoim maroas et dimidiam. G. JUDGMENT OP TREASON UPON A VICE-CHANCELLOR AND CLERK. [Henbt, Son of the King, v. Adam, Vice-Chanoellob. 1176.] " [The Ijing's son Henry, called the young king, makes friends at Poictiers among his father's enemies. Whereupon the son's vice- chancellor writes to the king to inform him of the facts. But he is detected and arrested, and, a court being assembled by the young king, he is condemned to death. He is saved by the bishop of Poictiers as a clerk, and then ordered by the plaintiff to be scourged and imprisoned. The king orders the defendant to be sent to him, and commits him to the custody of the abbot of Hyde.] Juvenis autem rex cum in reditu suo venisset usque Pictavim, milites nonnullos de Francia et Normannia, quos pater suus odio habebat, pro eo quod cum illo erant contra eum tempore guerras, retinuit secum, et familiares sues fecit. Quod cum Adam clericus Eogerii Eboracensis archiepisoopo, qui vicem cancellarii in curia juvenis regis gerebat, loco Gaufridi prsepositi Beverlaci, ad cujus opus prcedictus Eboracensis archiepiscopus cancellariam Anglite emerat [pro undecim] millibus marcis argenti, vidisset, doluit vehementer. Et sicut decebat, et siout debitor erat domino regi qui eum cum filio suo posuerat, cui etiam ipse fidelitatem juraverat contra omnes homines, personse suae dedecus et regni sui gravamen, quod per advenas illos posset evenire, pra;meditavit ; sustinere non potuit nee debuit ; sed statim arrepto stilo, capitula qusedam tur- pissima et auditu horrenda scripto commendavit, et domini sui seereta detexit, et ea domino regi in Angliam mittere festinavit. Sed antequam mitterentur, mala sua detecta sunt et prolata in conspectu regis domini sui. Et ipse in medio ductus confessus est et non negavit. Tunc rex convocatis principibus suis, simul cum Gesta Hen. IL, 122. APPENDIX. 315 episcopo Pictavensi qui aderat; interrogavit eos quid super hujusce- modi re esset agendum ; et quid faceret de proditore suo, qui cum esset secreti sui conscius, patrem suum in ipsum commovere voluit. Tunc quidam illorum judieabant ilium reum esse mortis ; quidam dignum suspendi, quidam vivum excoriari. Sed episcopus, oujus non erat judiclo sanguinis interesse, eum liberare tentavit quia diaoonus erat, asserens clericum in sacris ordinibus constitutum a laico non posse judicari. Tunc juvenis rex videns, quod propter episcopum qui clericum ilium tutabatur, in eo animi sui motus sicnt voluit vindioare non permittebatur, cogitavit quibus tormentis eum afficere potuit ; ita tamen quod non interficeretur, sed obser- varetur, donee hoc nunciatum esset regi patri suo. Itaque post longum silentium ad se reversus, ait ministris suis, " Educite eum, et ligatis manibus a tergo, nudum per plateas et vicos civitatis flagellis csedite, clamantes, ut universi sciant, ipsum proditorem meum esse. Et duoentes eum in Normanniam, incarcerate eum apud Argentomium ; et per quamcimque civitatem ingressi fueritis, eum nudum ducite flagellantes per vicos et plateas." Ipsi vero, sicut eis prteceptum fuerat, fecerunt, et flagellatum incaroeraverunt eum apud Argentomium. Cumque id domino regi nunciatum esset, indigne ferebat, et mittens quatuor milites de familia sua ad regem filium suum, mandavit ei, ut sine mora clericus ille ad eum mitteretur. Paruit ergo ipse mandatis patris sui, sed moleste ferebat, quod clericus ille vivus recederet ab eo. Qui cum in vinculis ad dorainum regem in Angliam duceretur, noluit eum vinctum recipere, quia solutum eum tradiderat regi filio suo ; sed prjecepit, ut in vinculis custodiretur donee locutus fuisset cum concilio suo, quid de eo ageretur. Et eum oustodiendum commen- davit abbati de Hida Wintons. The term "vice-chancellor" must not be taken as suggestive of a court of chancery at this time. It is used in a literal sense, of one acting in the place of the chief secretary, the chancellor. In this sense, it was at this time in common use, at least on the Continent. See I Eoger de Hovenden, pp. 416, 438 (Bohn). H. WKITS FROM GLANVILL. BKEVB DE SUMMONITIONE FACIENDA PEOPTEE DEBITA EEDDEKDA. Bex vicecomiti salutem. Precipe N. quod juste et sine dllatione reddat E. centum marcas, quas ei debet, ut dicit, et unde queritur. 316 APPENDIX. quod ipse ei injuste deforciat et nisi fecerit, summone eum per bonos summonitores, quod sit coram me vel justiciis meis apud Westmonasterium a clauso Pasche in quindecim dies, osteusurns, quare non fecerit. Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. Teste etc. Lib. 10, c. 2. BBEVE DB SUMMONENDO PLEGIO DEBITOEIS, QUOD EEDDAT PEO EO, SI IPSE DEFECEEIT. Eex vicecomiti salutem. Precipe N. quod juste et sine dilatione acquietet R. de centum mai'cis versus N. unde eum aplegiavit, ut dicit, et unde queritur, quod eum non acquietavit inde, et nisi fecerit, summone eum per bonos summonitores etc. Lib. 10, c. 4. BEEVB DE STJMMOKENDO DEBITOEE DB VADIO ACQUIETANDO VERSUS CEEDITOEEM QUUM TEEJIINUM STATUTUM PEETEEIIT. Hex vicecomiti salutem. Precipe N. quod juste et sine dilatione aquietet rem illam, quam invadiavit E. pro centum marcis usque ad terminum, qui preteriit, ut dicit, et unde queritur, quod eum non- dum acquietavit ; et nisi fecerit etc. Lib. 10, c. 7. BEEVE DE EECTO PEO TENEJIENTO LIBEEO AD DOMINUM, DE QUO QUIS CLAjrAT TENEEE. Eex comiti W. salutem. Precipio tibi, quod sine dilatione teneas plenum rectum N. de decern carucatis terre in Midelton, quas clamat tenere de te per liberum servitium centum solidorum per annum pro omni servicio vel per liberum servitium unde duodecim carucate terre faciunt feodum unius militis pro omni servitio, vel quas clamat pertinere ad liberum tenementum suum, quod de te tenet in eadem villa in Mortum per liberum servitium etc. vel per sei'vitium etc. vel quas clamat tenere de te de libero mari- tagio M. matris sue, vel in liberum burgagium, vel in liberam elemosynam vel per liberum servitium eundi tecum in exercitum domini regis cum duobus equis ad oustum suum pro omni servitio vel per liberum servitium invenieudi tibi unum arbelastarium in exercitum domini regis per quadragiuta dies pro omni servitio, quas B. filius W. ei deforciat. Et nisi feoeris, viceoomes de Northampton faciat, ne amplius clamorem audiam pro defectu justicie. T. etc. Lib. 12, c. 3. APPENDIX. 317 BEEVE DE EEOTO PEO BEDDITU LIBEltO AD EUNDEM. Eex N. salutera. Precipio tibi, quod sine dilatione plenum rectum teneas N". de centum solidatis redditus in villa ilia, quam clamat tenere de te per liberum servitium etc. vel per servitium etc. Bt nisi feceris, vicecomes Oxonie faoiat, ne amplius inde clamorem audiam pro defectu recti. T. etc. Lib. 12, c. 4. BEEVE DE EECTO PEO TENEMENTO VEL EEDDITU LIBEEO. Eex R. salutem. Precipio tibi, quod juste et sine dilatione habere facias N. et A. uxori sue, rationabilem partem suam, que eos con- tingit de uno mesuagio in ilia villa, qu3.m clamant pertinere ad liberum tenementum sunm, quod tenent de domino rege in eadeni villa per liberum servitium duorum solidorum per nnum annum, vel de una marcata redditus in ilia villa, quam clamant de libero maritagio ipsius A. unde queruntur, quod B. soror ipsius A. eis deforciat, vel quam G. eis deforciat. Et nisi feceris, vicecomes faciat ne amplius oportet inde conqueri pro defectu justicie. T. etc. Lib. 12, c. 5. BEEVE DE EECTO DE NON VEXANDO TENENTE INDEBITIS COlf- STJETtTDINIBTJS ET SEEVITIIS. Eex N. salutem. Prohibeo tibi, ne injuste vexes vel vexari per- mittas H. de libero tenemento suo, quod tenet de te in ilia villa ; nee inde ab eo exigas vel exigi permittas consuetudines vel servitia, que tibi inde facere non debet, vel que antecessores sui inde non fecerunt, nee facere debuerent tempore H. regis, avi mei. Et nisi feceris, vicecomes faciet, ne oportet eum amplius inde conqueri etc. T. etc. Lib. 12, c. 10. BEEVE DE NATIVIS' ET EUGITIVIS. Eex vicecomiti salutem. Precipio tibi, quod juste et sine dilatione facias habere M. E. nativum suum et fugitivum suum cum omnibus catallis suis et cum tota sequela sua, ubicunque inventus fuerit in balliva tua, nisi sit in dominico meo, qui fugit de terra sua post primam coronationem meam. Et prohibeo, ne quis eum injuste detineat super forisfacturam mcam. T. etc. Lib. 12, c. 11. ■318 APPENDIX. BEEVE DE AI8IAMENTIS CONStTETIS HABENDIS IN BOSCO ET PASTUEA IN LIBEEIS TBNEMENTIS. Rex viceoomiti salutem. Precipio tibi quod sine dilatione precipias R. quod juste et sine dilatione permittat habere H. aisiamenta sua in bosco et in paetura de villa ilia, que habere debet, ut dicit, sicut ea habere debet et habere solet, et non permittas, quod prefatus R. vel alius ei inde molestiam vel injuriam faciat, ne amplius etc. T. etc. Lib. 12, c. 14. BEEVE DE FACIENDIS EATIONABItlBUS DIVI8IS INTEE DUO TENEMENTA. Rex viceoomiti salutem. Precipio tibi, quod juste et sine dilatione facias esse rationabiles divisas inter terram R. in ilia villa, et in pertinentiis et terram D. in ilia villa, sicut esse debent et sclent esse et sicut fuerunt tempore regis Henrici, avi mei, unde R- queritur, quod A. injuste et sine judicio occupavit inde plus, quam pertinet ad liberum tenementum suum de villa, ne oporteat etc. T, etc. Lib. 12, o. 16. DE MOETE ANTECESSOBIS, CUJUS HEEES MAJOE EST. Rex viceoomiti salutem. Si G. filius P. fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tunc summone per bonos summonitores duodecim liberos et legales homines de visineto de ilia villa, quod sint coram me vel justiciis meis eo die parati Sacramento recog- noscere, si T. patev predicti G. fuit seisitus in dominico suo, sicut de feodo suo de una virgata terre in ilia villa die, qua obiit, si obiit post primam coronationem meam, et si ille G. propinquior heres ejus est et interim terram illam videant, et nomina eorum imbre- viari facias et summone per bonos summonitores R. qui terram illam tenet, quod tunc sit ibi auditurus illam recognitionem et habeas ibi summonitores etc. T. etc. Lib. 13, o. 3. BEEVE DE FACIENDA SEISINA PETENTI POST EECOGNITIONEJI FACTAM. Rex viceoomiti salutem. Scias, quod N. diraciouavit in curia mea, seisinam tante terre in ilia villa per recognitionem de morte illius antecessoris sui versus R. Et ideo tibi precipio, quod seisinam illam ei sine dilatione haberi facias. T. etc. Lib. 13, e. 8. APPENDIX. ,319 BBEVE DE SUMMONENDA EECO&NITIONE UTKUM PATEK MINOEIS, CONTEA QtTEM ALIUS PETIT EBCOGNITIONEM DE MOETE ANTE- CESSOKIS, SEISITUS FUEEIT DE AIIQUO TENE3IENT0 DIE QUA OBIIT, TJT DE FEODO VEL UT DE "WAEDA. Kex vicecomiti salutem. Summone per bonos summonitores duo- deoim liberos et legales homines de visineto de ilia villa, quod sint coram me vel justiciis meis ad ilium terminum parati saoramento recognoscere, si R. pater N. qui infra etatem est, seisitus fuit in dominico suo de una carucata terre in ilia villa, unde M. filius et heres T. petit recognitionem de morte ipsius T. patris sui versus ipsum N. ut de feodo suo die, qua obiit vel ut de warda. Bt nomina eorum imbreviari facias. Et summone per bonos summoni- tores predictum N. qui terram illam tenet quod tunc sit ibi audi- turns illam recognitionem. Et habeas etc. Lib. 13, c. 14. BEEVE DE SUMMONENDA EECOGNITIONE DE ULTIMIS PEESENTA- TIONIBUS PEESONABUM. Rex vicecomiti salutem. Summone per bonos summonitores duo- decim liberos et legales homines de visineto de villa ilia, quod sint coram me vel justiciis meis eo die parati saoramento cognoscere, quis advocatus presentavit ultimam personam, que obiit, ad eoclesiam de ilia villa, que vacans est, ut dioitur, et unde N. olamat advoca- tionem. Et nomina eorum imbreviari facias et summone per bonos summonitores R. qui presentationem ipsam deforciat, quod tunc sit ibi auditurus illam recognitionem. Et habeas etc. T. etc. Lib. 13, c. 19. BEEVE DE SUMMONENDA E^COGNITIONE, UIEUM ALIQUOD TENEMENTUM SIT LAICUM VEL ECCLESIASTICUM. Rex vicecomiti salutem. Summone per bonos summonitores duodecim liberos et legales homines de visineto de ilia villa, quod sint coram me vel justiciis meis eo die parati saoramento recog- noscere, utrum una hida tei're, quam N. persona ecclesie de ilia villa clamat ad liberam elemosynam ipsius ecclesie sue versus R. in ilia villa, sit laicum feodum ipsius R. an feodum eoclesiasticum. Et interim terram illam videant et nomina eorum inbreviari facias. Et summone per bonos summonitores predictum R. qui terram illam tenet, quod tunc sit ibi auditurus illam recognitionem. Et habeas ibi etc. T. etc. Lib. 13, c. 24. •320 APPENDIX. BEEVE DE NOVA DISSEISINA DE LIBEEO TENEMENTO. Eex ricecomiti salutem. Questus est mihi N. quod E. injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eum de libero tenemento suo in ills, villa post ultimam transfretationem meam in Normanniam. Et ideo tibi precipio quod si prefatus N. fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tunc facias tenementum illud reseisiri de catallis, que in eo capta fuerunt et ipsum tenementum cum catallis esse facias in pace usque ad clausum Pasche et interim facias duodecim liberos et legales homines de visineto videre terram illam et nomina eorum imbreviari facias et summone illos per bonos summonitores, quod tunc sint coram me vel justiciis meis parati inde facere recogni- tionem. Et poue per vadium et salvos plegios predictum R. vel balHvum suum, si ipse non fuerit inventus, quod tunc sit ibi auditurus iUam recognitionem. Et habeas ibi etc. T. etc. Lib. 1.3, c. 33. BEEVE DE NOVA DISSEISINA DE FOSSATO LEVATO VEL PEOSTBATO. Rex vicecomiti salutem. Questus est mihi N. quod E. injuste et sine judicio levavit quoddam fossatum vel prostravit in ilia villa ad nocumentum liberi tenementi sui in eadem villa post ultimam transfretationem meam in Normanniam. Et ideo tibi precipio, quod si prefatus N. fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tunc facias duodecim liberos etc. videre fossatum illud et tene- mentum et nomina eorum imbreviari facias. Et summone per bonos summonitores etc. ut prius. Lib. 13, c. 35. BEEVE DE NOVA DISSEISINA DE COMlirNI PASTTJSA. Rex vicecomiti salutem. Questus est mihi N., quod R. injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eum de communi pastura sua in ilia villa, que pertinet ad liberum tenementum suum in eadem villa vel in ilia alia villa, post ultimam meam transfretationem in Xoi-manniam. Et ideo precipio tibi, quod si prefatus N. fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tunc facias duodecim liberos' etc. videre pasturam illam et tenementum et nomina eorum etc. Lib. 13, c. 37. GLOSSARY. Ahha$ ! an abbot. Aibatia : an abbey. Abbatissa : an abbess. Acra : an acre. Adrescia/re : to give redress. Advocatio : an advowson ; a right to present a clerk to a benefice. Some- times, also, a summons. AffidoA'e : to swear. Allecia: herrings. Antecessor: a predecessor in rigbt; not used in the sense of the modern English law. Apparitor : a public summoner, having also, it seems, some judicial func- tions. See the acta of Fulc in the case of Ailward, p. 260. Perha,ps at this time one empowered to make presentments under the assize of Clarendon. AppeUatio : an appeal or complaint of tort or crime ; also taking a cause to a, court of review, — i. e. to the pope. Aqua : the ordeal of hot or cold water. Asiisa : an assise ; a law ; a mode of trial; the body selected to carry out the trial ; the trial itself (Stubbs). AttituUj/re : to grant or give. Baillia, BaMiva : a bailiwick. Baillmus, BalUvus : the bailiff of a lord. Balistarius : a cross-bowman. BalUvus : the bailiff of a lord. Bammamileuca, : territory a league (or thereabouts) in diameter, surround- ing a possession. Bellum : trial by battle. Bocland : land held by charter, which had been folkland, that is, com- mon land of the public. The charter was always attested by the Witau or Council, because the land belonged to the public. And this consent was in the nature of an adjudication in favour of the grantee, and hence the efficacy of the charter. It was also exempt, or might be, from all the burdens of folkland, except the trinada necessitas. Allo- dial lands granted by book (charter) were in si seose bookland, but not in the sense of bookland proper, as explained. It could only have been evidence of title, — not an adjudi- cation of title. Mr. Allen has well explained the distinctions between the several classes. Eoyal Prero- gative, 135, 136, 149, 150. See also Schmid's Gesetze, Glossary, sub voce. Bordarius : a small landholder, having 3i cottage (bord), nearly identical with cottarius (1 Ellis, Introd. 82). BoscMs : a wood. Bovata : an oxgang of land, varying in quantity from eight to twenty-four acres ; as much as an ox-team could plough in a year (1 Ellis, Introd. 156). Breve : a writ. Calumnia, Calwmpnia : a claim ; d, complaint ; a wrong. Calumnia/re, Cahimpniare : to claim ; to complain. 322 GLOSSAEY. Cameraritis : a chamberlain. Cancellarius : a chancellor. Ca/ria^iutn : carriage. CariKata : a carueate ; as much arable land as conldbe ploughed with one plough in a year ; an amount of land varying in extent till the year 1194, when it became fixed at 100 acres (Stubbs). Co/mcca : a plough. Catalla: chattels. Cellerarius : a cellarer. Cheries : the face. Childwite : a fine for getting a Tillana with child (Stubbs). Circsceat, Cirichescot : churchscot ; church-tax. Clamare : to claim. Clamare quietus, to quit-claim. Clcmicn' : a claim ; a complaint. Comes : an earl. Comitatus : a county; a county court. Com/mendare ; to put oneself, and usu- ally one's land, under protection of another. See the Introduction, suh fin. Conquestio : a complaint. Conventus ; a convent, Coquina/fius : a cook. Corredium : a corrody ; an allowance of meat, drink, and clothing due to the nominee of the founder of a religious house, or of the founder's heirs. Cotta/tius : a cottager ; a small land- holder, like a bordarias (1 Ellis, Introd. 84). Cuppa : a measure ; a cup (see 1 Twysden's Script. 614). Curia Christianitatis : the Ecclesias- tical Court. Curia Regis : the King's Court ; some- times the Great Council (see the Introduction) . Damnare, Dampna/re : to claim. Damimm, Dampnum : damage. Dapifer : a steward. Decima ; a tithe. Denarius: a penny; money. Deraciociiuire, Deratiocinare, Desracio- nare, Desrationare, Dirationwre, Dis- raciodnare, Disratiocina/re : to prove ; hence often to recover. Modem Eng. law " deraign." Deraciocinatio, Dirraciocinatio, Dira- tionamentum ; proof ; recovery ; judgment. Dextrajrius : a, war-horse (held dextra manu). Birationamentum : see Deraciocina- tio. Dissaisinaj Disseisina : a disseisin. Bissisiarej Dissaisire : to disseise. Dominium : demesne ; domain. Domnus : title given an abbot by his house. Drenges : probably a class of allodial tenants (1 Ellis, Introd. 56). Ac- cording to Spelman (Glossary, Drenches), they were military tenants ; but this, it seems, was not their first situation (see Preface to this book) . Duellum : trial by battle. Emptiones : property acquired by money - purchase. The " perquisi- tions" were probably property otherwise acquired (except by de- scent), as by gift or increment. See p. 230. Both were alienable fi'om the heir. Laws Hen. I., c. 70; Glanvill, lib. 7, c. 1. Escamhitio : an exchange. Escampa : evasion. Compare English scamper, scamp. Escangium : au exchange. Esnamiare : to distrain. Essarta, E.iartce: essarts; clearings in the forests. Essonia : an essoin ; an excuse for nonappearance at coiut in answer to summons. GLOSSAIIY. 323 ExcamMim : an exchange. Ediclusa: a sluice. Falconwrius : a keeper of hawka. Faldum : a fold. Falsitas : forgery. Falsonaria : forgery. Falsona/i'ius : a forger. Ferdwite : a, fine paid for exemption from expedition. Ferma : ferm or farm ; a fixed rent j the profits of the county juris- dictions. Ferrum. : the ordeal of hot iron. Feudatus : a feudatory; one invested with a feud. Fidejussor : a surety. Fidelitas : fealty. Fihtwite : a fine for fighting. Fines : termination of a suit by con- cord, generally applied to real pro- perty suits ; a conveyance of land by fine and concord. Fhjmena : a fine for harbouring fugi- tives or outlaws. Folcland : common land of the public, in distinction from bocland ; as to which see supra. Foresteal : an assault. Forisfacere; to forfeit or commit for- feiture ; to do wrong. Forisfactura : forfeit or forfeiture ; a tort or wrong. Frymthe : a fine for harbouring fugi- tives or outlaws. Gablum : rent. Qarha : a sheaf of corn. Oeldare : to pay tax. Geldum : tax ; money dues. Gemot ; a court. The witenagemot ; the assembly of the wise ; the great court of the Anglo-Saxon and early Norman period. Afterwards called the Magnum Concilium, sometimes, the King's Court. See Sohmid's Gesetze, Glossary, Gemot. Y 2 Gilda, Gildatio : tax ; money dues. Grithhreche : breaoh of the peace. Guagium : a pledge. Gwerra : war. HaMmotus : hallmoot ; hustings. Ho/msocna : house-breaking. Harieta : a heriot. Aug.- Sax. heregeat. Haunfa/re : house-breaking. Herleria ; a harbouring. Hida : a hide of land, the quantity varying until temp. Hen. II., when it amounted to 100 acres (Stubbs) . Homagium : homage. Hordantis : one who has charge of the granary. Hmidred ; u, division of the county, consisting of several townships ; the hundred court. Inbreviare : to register or name in a writ. Infangennetheof : the right to take a thief within one's manor, and have his goods. Inquisitio : the mode of trial intro- duced by the Normans ; evidence by impartial men summoned and examined by virtue of a writ. See Introduction. Invadiare : to mortgage or pledge. Ire cwm terra, : equivalent to vre et ven- dere terram. Often connected with commendation. See the Introduc- tion, sub fin. Judicium : in technical language, the ordeal ; sometimes the duel. Justicia, iusiiciarius : a justiciar or judge. Katalla : chattels. Loisio majestatis : treason to the king ; lese-majesty. Laga : law. Lagemannus : a lawman ; a person 324 GLOSSAllY. possessing jnrisdiotion or qualified to exercise it (Stubts). Laicus : a layman. Lestagium : custom exacted on a ship's lading. Leuga : a measure of 1500 paces ; later a league (Stubbs). Libra : a pound. Lihrata : land of the annual value of a pound. Loquela : a complaint ; a suit (p. 260) . Magnum Concilium : the Great Coun- cO, corresponding to the Anglo- Saxon Witenagemot, and sometimes still called by that name. See the Introduction. Mancusa : an ideal coin, generally valued at 30 pence. Ma^neia ; hand. Mansio : a manor (Doomsday) ; a dwelling-house. Manutenere ; to maintain. Marca : a mark ; when of silver worth 13s. 44.; when of gold, £6. Marescallus : master of the horse ; also a marshal. Maritagium: the right of giving in marriage; also the portion accom- panying. Miles : a knight ; a warrior (generally in the former sense from the 12th century) . Militultis : a little knight or knightling (used in derision, p. 177). Misericordia : an amercement. Molendinarius : a miller. Molendinum, Molinum : a mill. Ordalium : the ordeal or judgment by hot or cold water, by hot iron, or by the morsel (for the clergy). It always appears as the judgment of God, rather than as an ordinary judgment of court ; in which respect it was like the duel. See further Schmid's Gesetze, Glossary, Ordal ; and see the Introduction to this book. Palefridus : a palfrey. Parochia: parish. Pasnagium: pannage; the privilege of mast for hogs in the forests. Passagium : a voyage ; a tax on passen- gers. Perquisitiones : property acquired otherwise than by money-purchase or descent. See Emptiones. Pincerna : a cup-bearer or butler. Placita/re : to plead. Placitor : a pleader ; a party (p. 132). Pla-citum : a plea ; a trial. Plegiare : to pledge. Plegius : a pledge. Pontagium : bridge-toll. Portare judicium: to undergo the ordeal. Portmanmimoi : a town court. Propositus : an officer of justice j a reeve. Presiyter ; a priest. Purpi-estura : a purpresture ; an en- croachment upon the king's domain or highway ; a public nuisance. Quietus : quit ; discharged. Quietus clamare, to quit-claim. Reccgnitio: a recognition or inquisi- tion ; also an acknowledgment. Bectitudines : legal rights. Facere rectitudinem, to do one's duty. Requisition es : services. Resaisiare, Resaisire: to give seisin again. Respectus : respite ; continuation of a case. Revocare : to claim or counter-claim. Runcinus ; a pack-horse. 8aca, Scbcha : jurisdiction in litigation. Saisiare, Saisire : to give seisin ; to seise. GLOSSAUY. 325 Scacm/rium : the Exchequer. See the Introduction. Scira, Scyra, Sira .- a shire j a county. Scotta : tax ; money. Ang.-Sax. sce- atta, penny. Selda ; a shed for merchandise. Senescallus : a steward. Set : for sed. Sira : a, shire ; a county. Soca, Socca, Socna, Solca : jurisdiction ; the territory embraced by a fran- chise. Socagium ; socage; tenure by fixed service. Socmannus : a sokeman ; » man who has to pay suit to a soken ; hence a tenant in socage (Stubbs). See Spelman's Glossary and Schmid's Gesetze, Gloss., sub voce. Solidus : a shilling. Sopa : a shop. Stalagium : a stall in a market. Stal/re : a master of the horse. Subcommendwre : to commend one- self to a person who has himself been commended to a superior. As to the meaning of commendation, see Commendare. Siibregulus: an under-king or ealdor- man ; the term indicating the sink- ing of the king of a nation into a position subordinate to that of the king of a superior power. " The Hwicoian kings .... were under the protection of the Mercian kings until they sank into the rank of ealdormen.'' 1 Stubbs, Const. Hist. 171, note. Summagium: a team of beasts of burden. Tamnus : a theyn. Team, Thewni, Them, TJuim: voucher to warrant. Teignus, Teinus : a theyn. Telonium, Thelonewm, Thol, Tol, Toll, Toloneum: duty on imports. Tenatura : tenure ; holding. TheinloMd : theyn-land ; lands held by theyns from the king for military service ; also bookland (booland, supra) held by theyns. Allen, Royal Prerog. 143. Thol : see Telonium. Tol, Toll : see Telonium. Tortura : a wrong. Modern Eng. law " tort." Treding, Trithing : division of the county above the hundred. A term used in the North of England ; the county being divided into three parts, each a treding, trithing, or riding. Utlagatus : an outlaw. Vades', Vadimonium, YadAwm : a pledge or mortgage. Vadimonizare : to pledge or mortgage. Varasor; an inferior baron; a vassal holding of a baron (Stubbs). Vicecomes : a sheriff. Vicecomitatus : a county in charge of a sheriff. Vicus : a hamlet or wick. Virgata : a yardland, the amount varying from eighteen to sixty acres (1 Ellis, Introd. 155). Vocatio : a summons. Wa/pentac ; a division of the county in the North of England, answering to the hundred. Wa/rec, Werec : wreck. Werra: war. Wista : a half-hide or half-carucate of land (Spelman). Witenagemot: the assembly of the wise; the great court for legislative and (to some extent) for judicial purposes among the Anglo-Saxons, corresponding to the Magnum Con- cilium (sometimes called the King's Court) of the Norman period. See the Introduction. INDEX. Abbot of Battle, difficulties with bishop of Chichester, 14 — 16, 156. Abuse of office, 290. Adultery, 313. Advowson, 245. Agency, 59, 62, 223. Alienation, 38, 45, 48, 175, 182. Amercements, 212, 226, 244-, 245, 274, 301. See Exchequer proceedings, 140—142, 268—278. Anglo-Saxon Procedure. See Intro- duction. ^.ntecessor, 29, 45, 47, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 297, 299, 300, 304. Appai-itor, duties of, 260. Appeals, accusations of crime or tort, 11, 12, 30, 69, 94, 111, 233, 247, 283, 285, 291, 307. On failure of jus- tice, 121, 212. To the pope, 189, 214, 240, 248, 313. Aqueduct, destruction of, 62. Assault and Battery, 188, 223. Atheling, writ by William the, 33. Attorney, appearance by, 206, 226. Balistarius, 51. Barones, 17, 37, 45, 60, 61, et passim. Bastardy (childwite), 8. Battel Abbey, freedom of, 14 — 16, 156. Battle, Wager of, 19, 41, 42, 43, 61, 69, 141, 142, 182, 268, 270, 273, 283, 305. Becket, Archbishop, 211—216, 216. Boundaries, 139. Bribery, 261, 284. Causidici, 31. Chamberlain of Abbey, jurisdiction of, 237. Charters, use of in evidence, 3, 27, 31, 123, 133, 148, 174, 177, 186, 238, 245, 297. Childwite, 8. Commendation, 45, 46, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307. Compurgation, 35, 38, 180 .'' (moro likely witness-proof.) See the Intro- duction. Concords, 18, 25, 172, 189, 264^267, 273,- 276, 278, 288, 310. Confirmation, writs and charters of, 15, 19, 21, 22, 29, 63, 73, 91, 98, et passim. Conquest, lands taken in the, 1. Conspiracy, 10, 11. Contempt, 185. Continuance of Cause, 269, 270, 274, 278. Court, Christian, 278. Cultellus, livery by, 70, 150, 172. Customs, passim. Of ships, 102, 103, 201. Debt, 92, 97, 104, 109, 110, 139, 207, 208, 213, 223, 279, 280. See Ex- chequer proceedings, 140 — 142, 268 —278. Deceit, 131. Defaults, 268, 270. Defectus prosequendi, 268. Defeetus Recti vel JustitiEe, 121, 212. Depositions, 150, 191 — 196. Detinue, action in the nature of, 136. Disseisin, without process of law, 282. Distraint, 88, 92, 110, 131, 139, 260. Divorce, 311. Doomsday Book, used in evidence, 100. Doomsday Inquisitions, 37 — 61, 287 — 290, 293—307. Dower or Dowry, 180, 276. Drengs, 2. See Preface. Duel, 19, 41, 42, 43, 61, 69, 141, 142, 182, 268, 270, 273, 283, 305. INDEX. 327 Ecclesiastical Causes, 240. Ecclesiastical Court, 278. Ely, liberties of, 22—29. Equity, 181, 221, 235, 236, 242, 249. See Injunction; also the Introduc- tion. Errantes Justiciarii, 69, 244. Essarts, 173, 255. Essoins, 167, 213, 240. Evidence. See Battle ; Charters ; Compurgation ; Doomsday Book ; Inquisition ; Oath ; Ordeal ; Wit- nesses. Exchequer, a court of trial of common pleas, 99, 100, 127. Eereuue, 140— 142, 235, 268—278. Execution, writs in the nature of, 19, 29, 33, 71, 72, 111, 124, 128, 129, 130, 137, 138, 148, 162. Fairs, 87. False Appeal, 271. False Imprisonment, 272, 273. False Judgment, 10, 20, 34, 212 (?). False Plea, 277. False Writ, 301. Fealty, 215. Fines. See Concords. Fire. See Ordeal. Fisheries, 90, 256. Fitz-Ailwin, first mayor of London, 263. Foreign Merchants, 37, 67. Forest Laws, 72, 173. Forgery, 177, 269, 301. Franchises, passim. Frankalmoign, lands held in, 91, 93, 128, 130. Fraud, 131. Fugitives, 13, 94, 95, 220, 268. Fur manifestus, 260. GlanviU, Eanulf de, prosecution by, 233. Writs of, 241,»242, 314-319. Homage, 20. Homicide, 8, 140, 288. Hospitium, right of, 279. House-breaking, 260. Hue and Cry, 274, 275. Hustings Court, 261. Injunction, writs in the nature of, 27, 28, 30, 32, 63, 64, 90, 91, 96, 105, 129, 148(?), 149(?), 159, 163 (?), 166, 242. Inquisition, 1, 9, 24, 28, 33, 37—61, 66, 71, 73, 120, 121, 139, 147, 160, 199, 203, 216, 217, 219, 229, 238, 258, 259, 261, 271—275, 279, 284—286, 288. Inspeximus Charters, 222. Investiture. See Livery of Seisin, Iron. See Ordeal. Jews, 277, 279. Judgment, impeachment of, 10, 20 — 22, 34, 199. Mesne or interlocutory, 18, 113, 116, 285. Jurisdiction, 84, 224, 238, 247, 278, 283. Justiciarii errantes, 69, 244. King, The, participation of in trials, 14, 29, 63, 133, 135, 136, 145, 158, 212, 214, 221. Touched to warrant, 304, 305. King's Evidence (by proiator), 269. Knight Fees, recovery of, 75, 76, 78. Knight Service, 62. See Introduction. Lawyers {ca/usidici), 31. License, of lord to alienate, 175, 182. Limitation, 33, 169, 170, 204, 207, 235, 256, 257. Livery of Seisin, 70, 150, 294, 296, 297, 299, 303. London, litigation with citizens of, 62. Maritagium, 234, 274.. Markets, 32, 125, 132, 198. Marriage and Divorce, 311.. Married Women, estate of, 48. Mesne Profits, 169, 170. Mills, 55, 62, 130, 140, 159, 232, 251, 252. 328 INDEX. Misericordia Kegig, 212, 226, 244, 245, 274, 301. See Exchequer proceed- ings, 140—142, 268—278. Miskenning, 10. Mortgage, 58, 296, 299. See Pledge. Neutrals in War, 1. Norway Merchanta, plunder of, 67. Novel Disseisin, write in the nature of, 99, 108, 128, 130, 169, 170, 197, 250. Nuncupative Will, 39. See also p. 115. Oath, Conipurgatory, 35, 38. Omni Lege, proof, 44. Onmibus Legibus, proof, 44, 306. Omni Modo, proof, 305. Ordeal, 30, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 61, 72, 196, 231, 268, 272, 275, 304, 305, 306. Outlawry, 10, 82, 83, 269. Peers, witness of, 53. Perjury, 34, 199. Pledge, 33, 60, 61, 88, 131, 140, 238, 283, 296, 299. Pope, appeals to, 214, 24-0, 248, 313. Possession, writs of, 255, 309. Prescription and Limitation, 70, 169, 170, 204, 207, 235, 256, 257. Primogeniture, 230. Probator, 269. Prohibition, 241. Purchase, writ or action by, 140, 141, 167. Purpreature, 8. Queen, The, writa of, 33, 100, 137. Rape, 247. Kelios, larceny of, 231. fieplevin, 131. Eetraxit, 271, 274, 277. Eight, writs in nature of writ of, 137, 146, 198, 210, 217. Riparian Eights, 62, 63. Salt-works, 206. Seal, Edward the Confessor's, 39, 54. Not in general use at time of Con- quest, 177. See Writ and Seal. Security, as to judgment, 238. Seisin, Livery of, 70, 150, 294, 296, 297, 299, 303. Sheriifs, removal of, 216. Ships, customs as to, 102, 103, 201. Summons, 4, 213, 261, 273. Theft, 260, 306. Tithes, 162, 310. Treason, 11, 12, 30, 69, 94, 210, 283, 291, 307. Trespass, suits in the nature of, 89, 93, 98, 101, 102, 127, 166, 188, 238, 269, 275, 285. Trinoda Necessitas, as to bridges, 28. Ultima Praesentatio, 245. Ventre inspioiendo, 276. Venue, change of, 271. Vexillum in War, 281. Vivus et Mortuus, 24, 25, 26, 37, 56, 61, et passim. Voucher to Warrant, 298, 301, 302, 304 (the king vouched), 305 (the king), 306. Wager of Battle. See Battle. Wager of Law. See Compurgation. Warranty, 218, 271, 275, 298, 301, 302, 304—306. Water. See OrdeaL Watercourse, 253. Will, nuncupative, 39. Witnesses, 18, 27, 28, 31, 39, 53, 94, 116, 126, 128, 135, 148, 151, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 191—196, 199. Wreck, 86, 143. Writ and Seal, 39, 55, 294, 296—301, 303. Writs, their development. See the Introduction. QILBEET AND BIVINGTON, PBINTEES, ST. JOHN S SQUABE, LONDON.