Cornell University Library PT 4846. V22 1902 Middle Low German yersion of the legend 3 1924 026 346 415 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026346415 Zbe "mntversiti^ of Cbtcaao. FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER. THE MIDDLE LOW GERMAN VERSION OF THE LEGEND OF MARY MAGDALEN. A Dissertation Submitted To The Faculties Of The Graduate Schooi,s Of Arts, I^iTERATURE And Science, In Candidacy For The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy. {^De^artment of Germanic Languages and Literatures.^ BY CARI, FDGAR EGGERT. THE JOURNAI^ of GERMANIC PHILOI^OGY TRESS I902 Bloomington, Indiana. E.y. A.LlBHTo INDEX. PAGE Introduction. Part I. — The Manuscript 132 Part II. — Growth of the I^egend 133 Part III. — Phonology 153 The Vowels 156 The Consonants 162 Part IV. — Morphology 166 Part V. — Versification 183 Part VI.— Results 187 Normalized Text 191 Bibliography 212 THE MIDDLE IvOW GERMAN VERSION OF THE LEGEND OF MARY MAGDALEN. PART I. ONE of the most widespread Christian legends of the Middle Ages is that of Mary Magdalen and her fabulous apostolate in Provence of which she is the titular saint. Among the German versions or adaptations of the story is that found on folia 60'' to 73" of Helmstedt Codex 894 bearing the date 1449 A. D., written in Middle Low German, and at present in the ducal library at Wolfenbuettel, Germany. For the material and literature upon this subject I am mainly indebted to the kindness of Professor H. Schmidt-Wartenberg in putting his copies of the manuscripts at my disposal, and to whom I hereby extend my sincere gratitude. The following is the description of the only extant MS. of this version according to Heinemami, Handschriften der Bibliothek su Wolfenbuettel, i^f Abt. Bd. 2. p. 287 : Sc)4. Helmst. Pap. 21 x i4>4 cm. 257 Bll. 15. Jahrh. (1449), von zwei verschiedenen Handen. Zum Theil mit rothen tjberschriften und Anfangsbuchstaben. Bnthdlt: i) f- i"S5'- Het leve Christi. In plattdeutschen Versen. 2) f. 56-60'. Van dem dische im Plimmelrike. *3) f. 6o'-73. Van sunte Maria Magdalenen.* 4) f. 73-89. Vnser fro wen claghe. 5) f- 89'-9i. De dochtere der seven dotsuenden unde seven howetdogheden. 6)f. 9 1 '-93'. De seven ghave des hilgen geystes. 7) f- 95-209'. Bruder Philipps des Karthausers Marienleben. Plattdeutsch. „Dit bok het sunte Marien levent." Andere Handschriften lojp und Aug. 18. 21. i. (4) (die letztere oberdeutsch). Herausgegeben von Heinrich Ruckert (Qitedlinburg, i8§^). 8) f. 211-254. (von der zweiten Hand). Sunte Elizabeten passie. 9) f. 254-257. De seven dagetide. Prov. u. Gesch. : Ebd. Hokdeckel mit roth gefarbtem gepresstem Leder uherzogen; 133 Bggert [Vol. IV die Schleisser sind abgerissen. Auf dem V orsatzhlatte steht die kurze Inhaltsangabe : Van den dugheden vnde van der kyntheyt unses heren, vnde van sunten Ilseben leuen. Our version recites in 800 lines, riming in pairs, that part of the life of M. M. dealing with her departure with Maximinus, Lazarus, Martha and others of the seventy two apostles from the Holy Land ; their miraculous voyage to, and arrival at, Marseilles ; the distress and want of the apostles relieved after the third nocturnal appearance of the disembodied Mary before the royal or princely couple of the country; the latter's resulting voyage to Palestine with the storm at sea causing the death of the mother in childbirth ; the miraculous preservation of mother and son on the rocky isle; the prince's stay of two years with St. Peter in Palestine; his re- turn and reunion with wife and child resulting in the conversion of his land and the appointment of the two bishops. PART II. With the mass of dogmatic literature discussing the identity of the adulterous Mary with her who anointed Christ's feet with the costly ointment and with the Mary present at the crucifixion ; with the stoutly affirmed, and just so stoutly denied voyage of M. M. to Provence and her life of thirty years in the wilderness, this study has nothing to do. The prevalent Catholic view may be found in the Acta Sanctorum (Bollandistorum) of July 22, vol. V. 218 ff. A concise life of M. M. by Ludwig Clarus, Regensburg 1852, is based en the able and compendious work of the Abbe M. Faillon, Monuments inedits sur I'apostolat de Ste. M. M. en Provence etc. Paris 1847 ^^^ 1865. On pages 155-6 of vol. 31 of the Series Latina of Migne's Patrologia, Paris 1867, occurs the following entry for the year 4? A. D. in the Chronicon of Flavius Lucius Dexter, a Spanish ecclesiastic, who was alive between 368 and 430 : "Hierosolymitani Judaei vehementer infensi Beato Lazaro, Magdalenae, Marthae, Marcellae, Maximino, Josepho ab Arimathia, nobili decurioni, et aliis plurimis ; navi sine remigio velisque ac sine gubernatore eos imponunt et exsulare mandant. Qui per varium mare divinitus delati ad Massihensem portum incolumes appellunt." Paillon, followed by Dr. Otto Knork, cannot And any earlier reference than the life of M. M. set by him in -the sixth, or possibly ■fifth, century, that is a hundred years later than the entry of Dex- No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. i34 ter. The death of M. M. is also recorded by Dexter, to be found in the same volume of the Patrologia p. 255-6. The tradition would seem then to be established in the foiirth century in Prov- ence as well as in Spain. The successor of the very brief "first life" cited by Faillon, is a longer anonymous one, printed on pages (columns) 437-446 of volume II of the MoininienU etc. This would seem to be a source of the work by Rabanus Maurus (776-856) "de vita beatae M. M. ct sororis ems sanctae Marthae" which may be found in vol. 112 5. L. of Migne's Patrologia and in Faillon II, col. 453 S. As this author attempted to sift out the many interpolations which he regarded as spurious, it is the nearest approach to a plausible ac- count, fortified by apparent erudition and criticism, to be found before the work of Launoy. Next in point of time comes the life by Saint Odon, abbot of Cluny in the tenth century, followed by that of one Josbertus, an unknown author of the tenth century, who concludes his account with, a "stupendnm miracuhtm," the origin of our composition. See Faillon II. 575 fif. Unfortunately he does not print the story of the Prince of Marseilles. This is the oldest extant account of the ccn version of the prince of Marseilles, who appears there merely as a rich private citizen. This story gained wide currency at the time of the Crusades and later and may be found in the Speculum Historiale of Vincent de Beauvais (1240-50), in the Legenda Aurea of Jacobus a Voragine (1260-76), in the Specu- lum Sanctorale of Bernardus Guidonis ( 13th cent.) and in a life of M. M. by Cardinal Cabassole (13th c.) as well as in countless poetical versions in the popular tongues. As the first of these authors claims in the 107th chapter of the 5"^. H. to have derived his material from the Gesta Marthae and the Gesta Mariae Mag- dalenae, these must be the titles of compilations of the various lives of these two sister saints, the one by a pretended Synthex, the latter by an unknown hand. This unknown "editor" is thought by Faillon, Clarus and Knork to have lived during the early Cru- sades when the custom of wearing the cross as the emblem of those who fought for the Holy Sepulchre attained its chief significance. (See lines 438-9 and 590-2 of the text.) The Gesta as reported by Vincent and Jacob contain the final form of the medieval life of M. M., although they vary slightly in different copies of perhaps 135 Bggert [Vol. IV the original MS. Though Dr. Pierce Butler in his dissertation Legenda Aurea-Legende Dorce-Golden Legend, Baltimore 1899, page 7, is undoubtedly right in saying that the Legenda Aurea is largely compiled from Vincent's older Sp. H., it is just as certain that Jacob may have used copies of those same Gesta used by Vin- cent. From internal evidence, I think he did. And even though the thesis can be maintained that nearly all the extant "belletristic" versions of the life of M. M. are derivable from either the Sp. H. or the L. A., it is not positive that these authors may not have used other versions of the same lost original. It is certain, that the poem of Guillaume le Clerc of Normandie antedates either of these sources. A similar idea is expressed by Dr. C.Horstmann on p. VIII of the Introduction to the Uarly South English Legendary or Lives of Saints. Vincent does not mention Cedonius (John IX. i, f ) ; Jacob does. Neither is quoted in Migne's Patrologia, but in his com- mentary on Dexter's Chronicon, P. Franciscus Bevarius (17th century) cites Petrus de Natahbus (bishop of Equilio in the 14th century) in substantiation of Dexter's entries. Migne 31, p. 155. He also says : His addit Celidoniimi, sen Cedonium. P. de N. Cat. Sand. cap. 102. This seems to indicate that Vincent and Jacobus are not regarded as ecclesiastical authorities while Petrus de N. is. Did he perhaps use better authorities than the former? The final content of the story is to be found in both Vincent de Beauvais and Jacobus a Voragine. Later poets may expand a praedicans into a long winded sermon as does ours of Helm. Codex 894, or keep the pelegrin weeping and wailing ad nauseam as does he of Berliner Codex 245, nothing is added to increase or even vary the tradition. In theSpeculum Historiale the essential part of the story is to be found in book X, chapter 94 the last sentence, continuing through to chapter 99, excepting a few lines at the end of chapter 98. In Graesse's Breslau edition of 1890 of the Legenda Aurea the corresponding story is on pages 409-413. While agreeing almost to identity of language the following dis- crepancies must be noted. The passages to be cited from the Sp. H. either do not occur in the L. A. or else are materially diflferent from the corresponding. i) On arriving at Massilia: Bt egredientes navim villam ingressi sunt . No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 136 2) terrae lapidibus accubantes, jejunes et orationibus insistentes pernoctaverunt. 3) erat cniin non modico dolore aMictus, eo quod spe prolis diu desideratae frustaretur. 4) itaque Matrona praepotens compati coepit sanctorum inopiae, ac per satellites lidos et familiares iussit eis victualia erogari occulte, timebat enim viri sui saevitiam et gentium vici- VMrum perHdiam. 5) de Christi pauperibus reiiciendis et operiendis (last appari- tion of M. M. before the princess). 6) Itaque henefaciamus eis et rogemus M. M. Deum suum ora>'c ut possim concipere (advice of princess to husband). 7) Acquievit ergo vir utili consilio mulieris. 8) Note the different ideas in Sp. H.: sanctos Dei praecipiens hospilari et in omnibus his nccessaria erogari et sic factum est and L. A.: Quapropter ipsos hospitio receperunt (i. e. the royal couple) et iis necessaria ministraverunt. 9) (-conccpisse) et gavisi sunt universi. 10) et femineo more nitcns in vetitum; but L. A. nee mutans femina morem. 11) sufficienter illos edocens quod duce Petro Apostolorum principi omnia quae praedixerat eis de Domino Jesu in notitiam cederent. 12) Nautae carbasa ventis exponunt. 13) Inhumanum est enim corpus semivivum fluctibus injicere et absonum in tam tenero puerulo tam subitum homicidium per-' petrare. 14) Tunc autcm rcirds incumbunt et iter incognitum accipiunt et cum impellente vento gratiore navis optato portui applicuisset, dato naulo peregrinus egressus est. Bmensoque aliquot dierum itinere — . 15) (Petrus— signo viso crucis—) gavisus est. 16) Novit enim quod — verbum Dei praedicatum est. ly) Ego sum Petrus eroquc dux et comes tuus. 18) ille accepta B. Petri licentia (repatriare curavit). 19) et more catulino etc. 20) pannosque quos superposuerat corpori adeo recentes atque fragrantes ac si in pertica vel m area ex die qua ibi fuerant posiii diligenter fuissent collocati, consideravit etiam ita coloratum cor- 137 Bggert [voi. iv pus matronae sicut fuerat cum vegetaretur spiraculo vitae: quot visa gavisus est et procidens in terrain gratias egit Domino Jest^ Christ o et B. Mariae Mag. cuius meritis ac precibus talia sibi noverat contigisse. 21 ) O beat a M. M. magnus est ille quern in terris praedicas Dens tuns, crcdinms et coniiteviur quod praeter ipsum nan est alius deus; ecce nos et omnia nostra in manu tua sumus, Hat df omnibus stent vis et narrantes astantibus omnia quae sibi accide- rant. Of these citations the Low German author has omitted or con- densed numbers 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19 and 20. All the others are accounted for. Of the Legenda Aurea the following passages do not occur in the Speculum Historiale: 1 ) The names Lazarus, Martilla and CeooNius. 2) Nee mirum si os quod tarn pia et tarn pulchra pedibus salva- toris inftxerat oscula caeteris amplius verbi Dei spiraret odorem." (G. 53-7.) (H. 229-32.) 3) membrum patris tuae Satanae. a') Cum autem quadam die M. M. praedicaret praedictus prin ceps dixit ei, putas posse defendere Mem quam praedicas? Cut ilia cqiiidem illam defendere praesto sum utpote quotidianis miracu- lis et praedicatione magistri mei Petri qui Romae praesidet robora- tum. Cui princcps cum conjuge dixit, ecce dictis tuis per omnia obtemperare parati sumus si a Deo quem praedicas nobis Ulium impetrabis. . .Propter hoc inquit M. non remanebit.. .Tunc b. M. pro ipsis exoravit ut sibi Ulium concedere dignaretur. . .Cuius preces Dominus exaudivit et Matrona ilia concepit. 5) jamque unius diei et noctis cursu consummato (coepit nimi- um mare intumcscere). 6) Quid faciet peregrinus et cum uxorem mortuam videat el pucrum vagientem querulis vocibus matris mammam appetentem? Lamentabatur plurimum et dicebat: Heu miser! quid fades? Filium habere desiderasti et matrem cum iilio perdidisti. 7) utilius esse credidit corpus et puerulum illuc deferri quam marinis bchtis ad devorandum dari. 8) si potens es memor sis animae matris et prece tua misereatur me pereat natus. 9) et beatum Lasarum in eiusdem civitatis cpiscopum nnani- No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 138 . miter elegerunt. Three lines further : etiatn beatus Maximinus in episcopum est ordinatus. 3, 4 down to Cui, 7 and 9 are wanting in H. 894, as also the name "Cedonius." 2, 5, 6, and 8 occur substantially in Guillaume le Clerc's poem. 4 from Cui on is the same as the source of lines 381-6 in H. 894. Evidently the Speculum H. has' more claims to be regarded as the source of H. 894 than has the L. A. Considering the intimate relations between Germany and Italy even after the death of Frederick II and during the Interregnum it was but natural that there should be a lively interchange of ideas between the two countries in consequence of which the I.cgenda Aitrca was early introduced into Germany and obtained a wide vogue. From it was derived das altdeutsche Passional, written about 1275. The story of the "Vurste von Marsilien" can be found there on pages 374-391 of the edition of K. A. Hahn, Frankfurt a. M. 1857. Its predecessor, perhaps by the same author as the Passional, das Veterbuch, is not printed, with the exception of a few parts and those unfortunately not containing the legend of Mary Magdalen. See Wiener Sitzungsberichte IvXIX, 69 and 71-146. Nearly contemporaneous with these is a ponderous Alemannic poem, Vienna Codex 2841, containing upwards of 6000 lines, end- ing with the uncompleted story of the prince or "Kiinc" von Zicilie, v.'ritten by a clergyman who wishes to banish the Ritterpoesie by the rivalry of such superior religious poetry as his own. It is an attempt to versify whatever of the entire Bible has a bearing on Christian faith and it is to this I would ascribe the occasionally rather free treatment of the probable source : the Legenda Aurea. There is only one other German poem that has any possible con- nexion with H. 894, and that is the Berliner Codex 245, written in a Middle German dialect and based, if we may believe the author, on a Latin original according to line 74: "Al ich sy in latin geschryben fant." This work is in my opinion derived from the Sp. H. There remains one more possible source of H. 894. When we consider the immense debt of Germany to France whose literary treasures she so freely exploited to build up her epics and romances of the M. H. G. period, the conclusion is not unwarranted that L,ow Germany, whose only great work, Reinke Vos, came from 139 Bggert Lvoi. iv France by way of the Netherlands, should also look to the land of greater culture for her models. One of the earliest, if not the earliest extant poetical work treating our theme, is that of Guil- laume, sumamed le Clerc de Normandie, a work treating only the story of the prince of Marseilles and composed before the completion, probably before the beginning, of the Speculum His- toriale. As the only extant poem treating exactly the same sub- ject matter as the H. 894 and no more, it demands special atten- tion. It can "be found in the fourth volume of Romanische Studien pages 493-539, accompanied by a historical study by Dr. Adolph Schmidt. Provence, which claims to hold the relics of M. M. in the church of St. Maximinus at St. Maximin, the seat of her supposed labors, the witness of her miracles, has but little to show in a literary way. One small poem of a lyrical nature, for which the natives claim an absurd antiquity, and some fragmentary translations from the Legenda Aurea form the total. See C. Chabaneau, Ste. M. Made- leine dans la lit. provcngale. .Revue des Langues Romanes IX 105 f., X. 53 f., XI 105 f. and 157 f. XII 105 f. The many mysteries and other poetical versions written in En- gland had no influence beyond their island. At any rate I have failed to find any connexion between them and H. 894. I add their titles in the bibliography, as far as consulted by me. It will never be known who invented the story of the prince of Marseilles, or whatever his title was in the various versions. The invasions of the Saracens in the 8th century destroyed temporarily everything Christian in Provence. The supposed relics of the saints, including those of Mary Magdalen, were hidden for a more propitious time. After the withdrawal of the enemy the tradition commenced to assert itself. Stories grew up of miraculous rescues, as was natural along the Rhone and the Mediterranean. Then with the approach of the year 1000 and the expected end of the world, came a tide of pilgrimage to the Holy Land by land and more especially by sea. Some noble or prince may have made a pilgrimage with his wife to the Holy Land and have lost her in childbirth at sea. He may have been forced, to leave her on some rocky isle. This was basis enough for the story. Then an ele- ment was added : the child was saved and tended by some woman and restored to the father later. Next, the story of the raising of No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 14° Lazarus from the dead suggested the possibility of raising the wife of the prince. But Mary Magdalen was, according to Pope Gregory the Great, the sister of Lazarus and the patron Saint of Provence. She, then, is the one to save the mother and child. She it was who induced the prince to go on his pilgrimage. This much of the story may have been completed in the neighborhood of 1000, but the reference to the use of the cross as the emblem of faith is said by Faillon, Knork and Clarus to indicate a composition at tne time of or after the beginning of the first Crusade. Then another motif was added to explain why the prince weint to the Holy Land at the instigation of M. M. It was to procure an heir as the price for his adoption of Christianity. Such a motif was common enough in early feudal times. That the spirit of a mortal should leave the body and return to the earth as a spirit is, of course, of immeasurable antiquity, but that the soul should leave the body and then return to it, is, I think, connected only with the raising of Lazarus and the Ascension of Christ. So the passing of the spirit of the princess into Palestine along with her husband is due to a Christian source. Faillon is probably right H, 97 ff. in ascribing the invention of this story to some troubadour of perhaps the eleventh century. Whether the story is more "insense" than the "well attested" Catholic miracle he cites as a positive fact, isn't so certain. It is a fairy story and interesting as part of the Christian mythology of the middle ages. In fact, Dr. Adolph Schmidt in Romanische Studien IV, 540 sees a continuance of the old classical stories of Leucothea, a sea goddess, a belief in whom has persisted in Prov- ence down to the time of the composition of our story. Compare L. Preller, Gricchische Mythologic, Berlin 1894, pp. 601-5. InO' Leucothea, the nurse of the infant Bacchus, was the universal Mediterranean patron deity of sailors. Ovid, Fasti, VI, 479 ff., identifies her with the Roman Mater Matuta, the same as the Greek Eileithyia, by the latter of which names she was also honor- ed at Massalia. This would account for her care of the child and mother on the "rocky isle" if we are justified in admitting the transference of her attributes to the Christian Maria Magdalena. This explanation is ingenious if not convincing. Our poet's ignorance of the name Cedonius, the impression he gives of the voluntary departure by sea of M. M. and her com- iJi Bggert [Vol. IV panions, the failure to mention the stop at Rome are reasons suf- ficient to preclude the possibility of his having used Legend.! Aurea, the Passional or the Alemannic version. What was his debt, if any, to the French version, written in the vicinity of 1200-1220, by Guillaume? Either this work or a translation of it must have been known to the Low German author. Was B. 24s written before or shortly after H. 894? If written before, there is very little evidence of borrowed lines or expressions in H. 894. Note the following : H. 49. Do se quemen an de have. B. 136. Da sy quomen in dy habe. H. 66. Ere kiissen dat wercn stein. B. 153. /;■ kosscn zvoren steyne. H. 71. Des morgens do de dach erschein. B. 160. Des morgens da der dag uff brack. H. 249. Dat de godcs kncchte dar ute legen. B. 437. Das nil das godes folg da liget. H. 271-2. Br antlat bernde an der stunt Alse al dat hus wer entczuiit. B. 472-3. Alse dat hus da su stunt Mit fuer wer gar ensunt. H. 273-4. Unde rcip vil hider stemme: Slcpcstii vil grimme? B. 478-9 Mit ener luden stimme Sprach sie in somes grimme. Of these the most important is H. 66: B. 153 not found in G. or L. A. but in Sp. H. A further comparison of H. and B. reveals the following inter- esting results : B. strangely inserts Marcus where H. has Lazarus. B. has Marcillia, H. has Marcellina. B. lets the company go outside of the city to sleep on the stones under the sky. H. says 57: Bin dorp segjii se do, and 63-4 Do scgen se cin bedims stan, Darinnc blcvcii se dc naclit. Sp. H. has villain for dorp while C. and L. A. do not mention their going without the city. B. 156-9 and H. 68-9 agree with Sp.H. in having the exiles spend the night in prayer. Sp. H. — et orationibus insisteiites pernoctaverunt. (Not in L. A.) H. Vil wenicJi se slepcn. Se bededen unde repcn Got an bet an den lichten dach. Brer ninein nenes stapes plach. No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. H^ B. Alsiis if ieclicher det Gein hiemelrich sin gebet Vil fleiss- lichen ditrch dy naclit Mit deiiint und myt andacht. The sermon of M. M. in H. 131-216, to which the corresponding B. 323-78 seem to be a supplement, may be an attempt to surpass a predecessor. B. 391-402 agree with H. 233-7 and G. 70-6 and Sp.H. in having the princess of Marseilles secretly send provisions to M. M. and her companions. This is not in L. A. or the Passional. The motive in B.,G. and Sp.H. is pity, in H. the shrewd thought that a child may be the reward if M. M. really does preach the truth. For Sp. H. see "4" on page 136. For /-/. 233-7, see the text. G. Tant que la femme a cet riche home La entendi uiout doucement B si li ftst priveement Par serjanz ou mout si fiout Enveier de ce que elc ont A lui e a sa compagnie Si que sis sires n'en sout mie. B. Des herrcn framve da zu stunt Von rechter erherme wart encsiint. So ir hercze jamer dut Durch Maria armut. Das sy und ir gcselschafft IVaren also kommerhafft, Das sy von nianichein lydcn not, By in knechtc sy gebot Dem sy tot den ander [n] has Getruzveteii daz cr schnffe das Daz er dy elendigen schar Bewart an der lip nar. L. A. calls the princess "meinhrtun patris tin Satanae," an expression foreign to H., B. and Sp. H. B. 564-7, H. 298-301 and G. 125-8 agree with Sp. H. (see 6 on p. 136) in having the princess on awakening suggest the possibility of M. M.'s interceding with Christ to procure them a child. This is not found in L. A., the Passional or W. 2841. B. Daz sy iren got da bede Das er uns genode dede Daz er von sinen crefften uns Beroden wolde eines sons. G. Faimes lor bien, se ni'en creez B la dame requeres Que elc prit a son seignor Que il nos doinst aucun enfant. B., H., G. and Sp. H. inform us that M. M. and her friends find lodging in the city at the command of the prince whereas the prince himself is their host according to L. A., W. 2841 and P- See H. 303-6, Sp. H. 8 on p. 136. G. 139. Tote la vile assembler Ust B si lor comanda e dist 143 Bggert [Vol. IV Qu'il receussent cele gent Bon ostel lor a fait trover E si lor fist aministrer. W.2841. Sie gabcnt an dem uiorgcn [Die] den ellenden herberge Unde dan an dem berge. .Klaider und spise. p p. 377 1. 74. do wart von sime gebote zu im die heilige rote mit aller fruntschaft gcladcn Br besserte in gar iren schaden swaz si vor ungemaches liden unde wolde si dar an bevriden daz si alda mit im bliben. The visit of the royal couple to M. M. described in H. 309-82, in G. 14.7-8, B. and L.A. is wanting from the Sp.H. though the fol- lowing words at the end of chapter 95 show that something has been omitted from the account. Perhaps G. contains here the original since both it and H. describe the prince as kneeling to M. M. of which no mention is made elsewhere. G. 147-8. B la hlagdaleine preicrent B devant lui s agenoillierent. H. 312-3. Nicht lenger se do stunden; Se velen vor ere vote. Strangely enough B. 645-9 corresponds with G. 152-3 in lan- guage not found in H., Sp. H., or L. A. G. B li prodhome qui la reqnist Jut od sa femme e la hanta Si qu'en poi d'ore I'enceinte a. B. Sy woren des drostcs geil, Des ersten nachtes er sin heil Versuchte noch gewonheit. Nyt lenger is dar noch zvart gespart Dy frauwe eines kindesi sivanger zvart. Though B. does not contain the thought of H. 386-94 and O". 1 58- 161 yet B. 664-5 recall H. 397-8. B. Und wil myt augen ansehen We dysz alles ist geschehen. H. Ik ivil dat wtinder besein Alse dat is geschein. The femineo more nitcns in vetitum of Sp.H. seems to have been the original of B. 688-91, rather than L. A. (see 10 p. 136) Sp. H. G. and H. only, omit the idea. H. makes no mention of the callidus tentator of Sp. H. as does B. while G. 206 uses uianfe for the same ; nor does B. mention these as the first crosses, conformably with G. and H. G. 200-2 B la corteise Magdaleine Li done la croiz premereine Que onques portast pelerin. H. Do hefte se en twe crutze up er zvcit' De ersten de gi warden upgeneit. G. 218. Bt firent lesveiles drecier — H. 444 — Sp.H.Nautae carbasa No, 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. I44 ventis exponunt; not in L. A. and P. B. 741-2 and //. 435-6 suggest Sp.H. (see 11 p.136). This is lack- ing, however, from G. Either Sp. H. or B. is the source,then, of the passage in H. It is lacking from L. A. and P. B. Ir findet ein man zu hant Der Symon Peter ist genant. Br saget tick alle dy geschicht etc. /-/. Bar wert dek Peter bekant. Deme segge ek sende dek dor. De betekent dek al de zvunder gar. G. B. and H. agree to some extent in the description of the start, though G. and L.A. agree upon their having proceeded one day and one night, while the time is not so limited in B. and H. B. 767. Syfuren harte unde swinde Mit gudem segelwinde Undivr dag UNDER nacht In der kurcsen wyle Machte lange Myle. H. 445. Bin vitsttS-'wint quam do De se snelle brachte Bi dage unde bi nachte Verne up dat breide* nier. G. 216. Quant deus lor dona vent del nort Bsqiiiperent li marinier. 223. C/n jour e une nuit siglerent Qu'onques nitle ore ne finerent. A mout grant joie s'en aloent B a pleine veiU sigloent. p. p. 379, 1 19 f. in quam von winde ein ebene bur die in die segele da slue unde da:: schif so hin true vaste uf die GERUME* se. Enough has been shown to prove conclusively that H., B., G. and Sp. H. belong to one well defined group over against another to which belong L. A. and P., perhaps also W. 2841. Probably G. was known to the author of B. also. A comparison of B. 772-4 with G. 247-8 reveals an idea foreign to H., P. and W., but an indication of B.'s possible indebtedness to G : B. Nu enruchte ich wer DER were . .Der dyss selbe mere Uch furbas mechte kunt. G. Reine de Misericorde! Qui est cii, qui cest pas recorde-.^ The first presumable indebtedness to P- or B. A. occurs in H. 461-6 with which B. 818-24 correspond. B. Br sprach: auwe dieser not Und dieser jeuierlichen fart Da:: ich ye kindes vater wart! Auwe herczelybes wyp, Wy han ich dynen cloren lyp Sus jemerliche verkeret nu Und auch daz kind alsu fru! 145 Bggert [Vol. IV (Compare text for H. 461-6.) G. has only 1. 302 : Od lui estuet crier e brake, while L. A. has 6 on p. 137. In G. 1. 306 there is, perhaps, an indication of the disgust with life which is seen in the Passional p. 379 1. 47-5°' Owe ich arm man er rief, IVac sal niir znirba:: dcv lib zvande ich vevlorn liabe das iv-ib Und darcii min liebcs kintf Nevertheless the speeches in B. and H. are sc natural, even necessary, in their place that they would not have strained the intellect of the two "poets" even if they had never seen a precedent. Great freedom is shown by all the poets in the description of the father's entreaties to the mariners to save his child. B., P- and L. A. agree in their equivalents for the quam marinis beluis ad devorandum dari of the last. This merely shows that Sp. H. was not the only source of B. While G. 387-406 agree with H. 516-35 and both with Sp. H., B. 930-54 agrees more with the version of P. p. 380 1. 40 f. Still H. 532-5 may have some connexion with B. 949-52, though the latter text is corrupt. B. Ob du syner gotlichen list So here und gewUi^dig bist, Daz sin gotliche crafft Weldet alle meisterschafft, etc. H. BiDDE* dinen heren Crist Icht he so wei^dich ist Dat he dernere dat kindelin, etc. So G. 402-3. B au vostre deu e a vos, Que tenez si a vkktuos Comant jeo le cors e I'enfant. L. A. — si POTENS es, memor sis animae matris et precE* tua misereatur ne pereat naius. The last citation is undoubtedly responsible for H. 532-5, wheth- er it was taken from the L. A. or from some other source. It does not occur in Sp. H. The P. does not make it apparent that M. M. is to intercede with God by her prayers, so that is excluded. L. A., Sp. H., P. and B. have nothing to correspond with H. 544-73 for which there is a counterpart in G. 413 f. Ici endreit ne voil jeo inie Trespasser que jeo ne vos die De la fres douce pecchieresse Que en terre ert preechieresse. B que cl moitt devint norrice B a I'enfant fist tel office Le cors garda que ert au uiont Qu'il ne secha ne ne pvrri B si miens I'enfant a norri Que s'il eust plusors norrices. No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 146 la dame ne fu adesse . Ne de pluie ne de rosee Ne de chalor ne de freidure B sacliicc que It espiriz, Des que il fu del cars partis, Ala en son pelerinage On la dame aveit encorage, Pres de son seigneur se tcncit Mais nus home veeir la poeit The description of the appearance of the i/;inccss, when found on the isle after the return of the prince from Palestine, is elabor- ate in B., G., H. and Sp.H., but wanting from L. A. and P See 20 on p. 136 for Sp. H.; the text for H. 693-9. B. diverging somewhat, reads : 1 Da funden s^' dy framoen 4n lybe und an getvande (H. 6g6) Das man keyner hande Brgernngc mochtc spehen Das man konde dar an gesehen, Als di'irc als umb ein hor, Sy inas dock me wan cswey jar In regen ■und in winde Da gelegen mit irem kinde An allerslacht husgemach. 'j. 582. .SV moillier qu'il out tant amee Trova li prodhom tote enticrc, B FrEsche e rovente la chiere B li cars autretel estout Com quant la vie i habitout B les dras erent bien olanz S'il eussent este pendans A une perche* en bon essor, Si oleient il mieus encor. The coincidence of Frescjii; in G. 584 with H. 697 vrisch may be more than accidental. H. and B. look alike in these quotations : H. 726-7. Dar en twivcle ek nicht an, Wultu it dot schut ivol sunder wan. B. 1403-4 Ich zveiss wol und csivcyifel nd, Was ir g. H. has PBRTICA, peortant lines here and thire, not affecting the general content and not requiring special contideration. On the other hand the following lines in G. are more or less wanting from H.: G. 26. La mer de Grece trespasserent. In this connexion note also G. 219: E quant il furent au pai,aceE, and 22Q : Si s'en alerent dreit vers Acrb. Guillaume evidently knew geography. 6". 41-8 are an original extension of a praedicavit in the Latin source. G. 130-6 are due to the poet. G. 152-3 are found only in B. as before noted. G. 161, 183-6, 209-22 and 224-9 i" P^^t, are lines of little im- portance as bearing on the question of source. The description of the storm from 236-321 is widely difi'erent from the corresponding part in H. and indicates that the Norman was familiar with the sea. G. 360-6 differ only in form of expression from H. 4S3-8. So with G. 41 1-6. G. 420-30 are the poet's own reflexions and have but a slight equivalent in H. 546-8. Of such a nature are G. 433-50, 455-8, .f99-Soo, 505-14, 520, 532-7, 548-9, 560, 578-81, 593-5, 598-600, 605-6, 617-21, 629, 640, 663-71, 688-90. St. Peter's joy at seeing the cross and his desire to comfort the pilgrim are not in H. See G. 477-82. G. 642-60 arc important enoug'i to cause surprise that they have no equivalent m /-/., the poet of vviiioh evidently did not read them. They are the natural outburst of the prince's gral'tude to M. M. for saving his wife, and the expression of his faith. G. 675-9 tell us that the prince must hunt up M. M., while in H. she is apparently at the landing-place with a michel her. Like the Speculum Historiale, G. 693-710 mention the destruc- tion of the heathen temple and the building of churches. The poem concludes with a religious formula. If the poems are widely different in many parts, still there are passages in H. that could be rough translations of G. Several quotations illustrate this : 151 Bggert [Vol. IV H. I. Nach unses her en himmel- G. i. Apres ceo que nostre seig- vart nor Dot gesinde gar vorsendet wart, Jesus Christ le veir sauveor De sine jungern war en Fu relevez de mort a vie Wente se vmstcn openbaren B si fu de la compagnie Den luden over alle de lant, etc. Parti e la desus monte Li apostre se departirent Qui plusors terres convertirent. H. 26. Unde de gude MacellinaG. 15. B la cortese Marcilla De vor alle deme volke sprachQ^^i /„ iide parole dist Do se unsen hern prcdigen sack: ~^Quant el benei Jesus Crist, 'De buk is salich mach men wol B la ventre qui la porta sagen £ la mamele qu'il tetta. De dek to disser werlde heft gedragen, Darto de bruste gebenediet sint De du sogest du vil werde kint." The corresponding passa;^,; -s w;mting from /;■'. and it is found iii L. A. before the beginninc^ of tlie story contained in our poem. H. 33. Noch was mit en, dar ein man G. 13. E cil gu'aveuqle out este ne Dee ek genom^n nicht enkan Que deus aveit enlurmne. De god, alee ek lesen hore. This is tlie Cedonius of L. A.. Makede seinde hir bivore, P. and the Genobius of W. 2841. H. 2S9-32. Des ne immdei't mek nicht ser G. .53. E ceo n^esteit mie merveUle Dat de munt hillich loer Se la bele boche vermeille, Sedehaft unde eote Qid les piez deii baisie aveit, De dar kuste unses heren vote. Cortesement poller saveit. These passages would have corresponded in position but for the insertion in H. of an inordinately long sermon. G. 70-6 has been quoted on page 142, as like H. 233-7. G. 148 and /f. 313 have been already quoted p. 143. They have no parallel. S.3S6. Se sprak: de dock mut immer G. 158. "Mouleestla Magdaleine salnte salich sm. E li sue7is deus est glories Dat Maria gi her quam. E sor toz autres vertuos " 392. De god de uns disse gnade dut "Dame," fait il''vos dites veir " De is mitde unde gut. G. 199-200 and H. 438-9 have been previously cited. So also the coincidences in G. 413-64 and H. 544-73. No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. ^S^ Note H. 618-22 and G. 501-5. Ic?it din kint mit dinem wive Ese mstre molllier u dort £ne wile rowet an dismn Urn Jeaws Cnat qmj'or noejumort Oode it des nicM to vil, Porra bien vostre grant tnstece HemachwoUchickenwanliewil Tomer a joie e a leece , Dat du ee seist beide gesuni. -E" P<"' ''■'°" ?'""'" " J^'O^'O. H. 666-74 G. SS3-9. Do sufte he vil ser he maistre marinier apele Und bat de schiplude an dein Le cuer li estreint c seile ffier Par grant don que il a promis, Dat se en vurden to hant Tant qu'il ont le batel hors mis,. Mit ener harbzen an dat lant. . . Le sigle Hrent abaisser. "Isset dat gi dit gerne dut Des qu'au haut mont le fist luwe Ion dat schal werden gut." nagier Vil scher dat ward gedan, Si com cil preie li aveit. Do velen se dat arbeit an Und vorden ene an dat lant. H. 693-9 3^d G. 582-7 have been cited. From the preceding analysis, it is evident, that the most proba- ble ancestor of the Low German poem is the I'^-ench j^oem of Guillaume le Clerc. The poems agree in treating the one story from the life of Mary Magdalen and treat it in the same way. They are both abotit the same length. H. is not a iranslatio:: of G., otherwise there would have been more than three rif ths of each work agreeing in sense. If an adaptation, as it probably is, we can easily understand the divergence in treatment. But there are many passages in B. strikingly similar to those in H. H. is not a translation of B., the garrulous prolixity of which is in striking contrast with the almost laconic brevity of H., a brevity from which the "sermons" form a natural departure. As the rise of M. L. G. literature meant merely the translation or adap*a- tion of High German or Dutch originals it is exceedingly prob- able that the Low German author made a limited use of B. 245, at least of the first part up to the storm. But there is scarcely a trace of connection between B. and H. after the episode of the storm. But B. shows decided evidence of indebtedness to G., though its most probable ancestor is the Speciihnn Historiale. Again the close connection between G. and Sp.H. indicate that the same Latin MS. was the source of both. It is not impossible that a copy of that same original was also the origin of B., especially since the latter agrees more with the Legenda Aurea in the latter 153 Eggerf [Vol. IV part and adds the story of M. M.'s thirty years in the wilderness. Owing to the widespread popularity of Vincent de Beauva's' work, it undoubtedly has left its impress on H., to what extent it is impossible to say. Whatever was evident has been previoiwly noted. The name of the Low German author will probably never be known. That he was a rimester by profession seems evident from his simple easy style as well as from his resourcefulness in riming since he uses High German rimes ad libitum when the Low Ger- man are not at hand or when he thinks it improves his verses. He had little of the divine afflatus, totally lacking in those graces o.f diction which were not denied to a Guillaume le Clerc. He was undoubtedly a monk and may have seen much of the world, if we are right in assuming that he knew French enough to adapt Guil- laume's story. His language shows familiarity with High Ger- man to an extent rendering it difficult to prove our thesis that he was a Low German from some point on or near the line of Braunschweig through Halberstadt to Quedlinburg. The date of the MS., 1449, gives at best a terminuf ad quern, while we remain in the dark as to the terminus a quo. The MS. is probably not autographic, at least to judge from the extraordi- nary displacement of passages between lines 479 and 512. Only a scribe, and a very indifferent one, would have made such a botch. PART HL The most cursory glance at H. 894 is sufficient to decide its being written in the dialect of the socalled mek-reaion.hut a f itriher examination reveals a host of forms like gat, stdt, hat, gut, bad rimes that would be good if High German, and many words that are H. G. rather than Low German property. If we were to consider the rimes alone, the only possible conclusion would be to assign the work a H. G. origin, more exactly. Middle Ge-- man. Exclusive of the rimes the language is fairly pure M. L. G. with a slight intermixture of words such as die, dicke, kinder, dori, etc., which though H. G. in origin had become common property and are to be found in nearly every L. G. w:)rk of any extended length. The explanation for this phenomenon is authoritatively put by Behaghel in his Rektoratsrede: Schriftsprache und Mundart. No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. I54 1896 pp. 7 and 8, as follows: "Oder man hat die hd. Elemente durch die Annahme erklart, dass das nd. Werk nach hd. Vorlage gedii:h o, only in beholden 482 and entholdet 491. ungetalt: alt 37-8 (rather than ungetelt and olt) and mannichvalden 641 preserve the H. G. vowel. *bevalh > bevol by a false analogy with mol from malen 157 ^ggert [Vol. IV Grundriss I. 595 (1893). Short a rimes with long a repeatedly: man: han 265-6, 786- 7, under dan: man 762-3, dan: stan 420-1, an: wan 724-5, gedan: yuan 762-3, blat: utgat 799-800. The word lichenam 502 rimes with stem 503. Final a of Maria and Magdalena is lengthened. The rime does not indicate the quantity of a in this poem. Umlaut. The umlaut of a, written e, occurs frequently as in weldich 239, geweldigen 226, drecht 423 and forms corresponding to the H. G. equivalents. hebben, heft, hest, hebbe, hedde, het occur side by side with the H. G. forms in a and a. So also segge 185 along with sage 96. The umlaut of a to e has been reduced to i in mmsche 160. Short e is found frequently as in helpe 623, stemme 503, wester 445- According to the two laws of lengthenmg it occurs long in herte 419, werden 139, erde 181. Occasionally it rimes with i: affenspel : vil 494-5, stemmie- griinme 273-4, stellen (< *staljan): ivillen 333-4- It interchanges with i in vele 485 : vil 32 ; is broken to i in the second and third singular of strong verbs : gif 291, imperative. e > M in sulves 199: schut 72'/ for *schit < *scehidh; compare gesckeit 381 ; geschicht 412. Behaghel in Grundriss I 595 (189O assigns umlaut : schUt. e -\- h -\- a > e written ei in sein 282, geschein 84. que > feo in komen 94, (while gt zt/o iti wolde 61, It/0? 29. Short i remains generally, especially in the third ablautsreihe. It is frequently broken to e as in ek (44 times), mek (24 times), dek (31 times), sek (17 times), ed=et once, e< as enclitic three times. But ik also occurs 8 times, ich once 779, wic/t twice, sik once, and jic/i twice, id occurs 28 times, jnit but darmede, schip 662: schep 42,hen 582, nedder 145, wedder g4,sedder 93. H. G.. vrisch 697, is written once instead of L. G. versch. Ltibben p. lo, says of this breaking: "Der Grund der Brechimg ist nicht mit Sicherheit anzugeben; am wahrscheinlichsten licfft es in der wenig markierten Aussprache der Vokale, die eine Eigentiimlichkeit des nd. Dialektes iiberhaupt ist." t is broken to e which is lengthened to e in the preterit plural and past parti- No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. IS^ ciple of verbs of the first ablautsreihe. i >e in the pronouns en, ene, erne, also written in Braunschweig prevailingly on, one, ome, probably with umlaut. As there are four such cases in the text, it is a permissible hypothesis that the scribe found all originally so and changed all but the four which escaped his notice, t ( -f m) > I in vtf 348. die 254, dicke 416, ist 124, etc. used only in rimes are H. G. W. G. short occurs in many words: got 238, spot 342, holt 2,2,1- Is often lengthened according to laws given above: over 5 geboren 8. o > o before r combinations: morgens 71, dorp 57, storm 449. o > M in vtil 281, contrary to rule. So also in A. S. opper 73 < H. G. < Latin. W. G. short u occurs in many words: up 8, umme 489, unde 10. In the preterit plural of strong verbs of the third class: hulpen 103, vunden 42. In the preterit-presents : schullen 216, kunnet 280, scholde 211, konden 89. *sunus > son(e) 7. The rime don 203 :son 204, indicates a long o in son. appears in ordel 277 for no assignable reason. The prefix *iir > er- 180 and der- 10. The spellings huf 12 and erhuf 142 are imitated from the H. G. They also indicate the dialect of Braunschweig. It is impossible to decide positively the existence of an umlaut of o and « in M. L. G. There is none indicated. The sign " placed over y, u, served merely to prevent confusion with a fol- lowing or preceding n or m. According to Behaghel in Grundriss I. 563 (1893) M. G. u represented two distinct sounds, u as in hus- G. Haus and u as in huser = G. Hduser. There is great prob- ability that the same was true in L. G. If that be a true hypo- thesis for u, then the analogous proposition might hold for d. Since o and u were lengthened in open syllables and before r, then the umlaut would be extended to such words as over 5, vogeln 2,2,6,geldv(e) 779. If applied to long vowels there is no apparent reason why it did not apply to short ones also. If the principal of umlaut is admitted and the analogy of later forms is taken into account, then we must write umme 489, siis 118, alsiis 17, etc. But there are exceedingly few cases of poor rimes and 0: o, u and u, whether lonjj or short, are decidedly bad. Compare alsus: Maximinus 17-18, sunde: stunde 21 1-2, sunde: wunde 347-8, stunt: vrunt 383-4, hore: bivore 35-6, afgoden: geboden 73-4, 159 Bggeri [Vol. IV afgode: bode 119-20, 781-780, goden: geboden 73-4. It is im- probable that both forms were umlauted contrary to all rule, no less so that the rimes were intentionally impure. It is more likely that the umlaut was a later developement. THE LONG VOWELS. West Germanic long a is derived from two sources, the one from the loss of a nasal before a guttural, the other from *ae. The former has been shortened and even interchanges with as in brochte 589; brachte 176. The latter occurs frequently in missedat 797, gnade 102, stapes 70, iar 208. The umlaut, written e, occurs in the plural of the preterit of the fourth and fifth classes of strong verbs : quemen %(), nemen 50, segen 62, also in deden 56, in the adj. gnedich 535 and a few other words. Another long a occurs in the borrowed H. G. entfan 61, stan 62, gan 159, ga 576, han 160, hast 22, hat 118, Idn 328. W. G. long e > e: e (ia in O. H. G.) occurs in her 133: hir- (niede) 287, in the preterit of reduplicating verbs : leit 207, leten 7y6,vorreit 177, re pen 68, toreten 452, skip 263, slepen 6y, velen 313. It is probably short in bevenk 414, henk 415, hengen 44, An i-glide occurs regularly with this i, as well as with e *sdti) fote n. pi. 86. It has frequently become long u as in dut 286, zniren 15, huf 12, mut 424, m€it 386, muder 345, vorvluket 181, gude 19, hude 20. No. 2] Legend cf Mary Magdalen. 160 This phenomenon is characteristic of the dialect of Braunschweig and is due to H. G. influence. See Seeimann in Nd. Jb. 18, 141 ff. The proper L,ovi' German deit does not occur. Even mujten 4 occurs along with mostu 406. Long o's from whatever source rime together, don: son 203-4, 376-5, 715-4. The long in son is from the analogy of the geni- tive case so-nes. do: vro (*fraw-) 389-90, hd: do 444-S- W. G. long Vi occurs in ut 15, ute 249, buk 29, lud(er) 273, Ms 61. It interchanges with as in bor 146 for bur. The umlaut ^bould be placed on tuge 35?., according to analogy. W. G. long u from Primitive Germanic short u occurs in duchte 366. DIPHTHONGS. W. G. ai regularly becomes long e in open syllables, and is mostly followed by an i-glide in closed ones, ein 33, enem 17, blef 457, blcif ^151, begreip 628, leit 497, erschein 71. This i has even crept into open syllables, especially when followed by -d : breide 448, beiden 301, geleiden 39, leider 59, vorleidet 118. So before t in heite 568. So before m in heim 659: heime 403. So before n in steine 331 ( ?) It may be remarked that M. L. G. e has a threefold source : W. G. ae > O. H. G. o ) W. G. e > O. H. Q. ia [ — M. h. G. e. W. G. ai > O. H. G. ei ) O. S. /t^/a^ > hillich 230. W. G. aw has become long : ogen 539, oren 89, ^5j 791, etc. CM > o > in vorstot 144, for vorstotet for *vorstdten. Long o's from whatever sources rime together : ^of : mo/ 299, 300. (The genitive godes is long, hence nom. by analogy), brot: got 237-8. W. G. aw (j) > ow: vrowe 23, gevrcwet 475,, vrowdenrich .222, fow^? 619. The sound was that of long with a M-glide. W. G. aww > ow in beschowede 695, bedoweden 567. W. G. ^M > ? in /ez/e 740, /^/ 481, denst 169, ^e/e 161 (second class of St. verbs), vorlesen 493. eu > M (probably m) in Mrf^M, 5. See Grundriss I. p. 563, § 32. (1893). W. G. aiw > ^0 > (i) I in /i 157, ni 82. i6i Bggert [Vol. IV W. G. aiw > iu in jummer 138. W. G. aiw > M in nummer 340 and ivtt W. G. aiw > 5 in worumme 495. —ijo- > iu > u in vrimt, cf. stunt: vrunt 38^-4. e + w > ;'m as in /mw^ 485, juk 497. f -f- w f/j > eww > MW as in ruwe. According to analogy this form may have had the umlaut : riiwe 797. The sarnie de- velopment should have occurred in nie 458, a form which is inex- plicable. ORTHOGRAPHICAL. In the Ms. there is nothing to shov^r the distinction between long and short a. The two dots over dak 250 have evidently no signi- ficance. The same is true of 0, u and y. I have eliminated all y's, replac- ing by i where necessary. These letters are often written with two dots above to prevent confusion with n, m, or w, and rarely when no confusion is possible. I have omitted them in the text. Long e was indicated by the double ee of veertich 355 ; by et or ey in closed syllables ; initially by M, Mi, ^y ; by ei before d in open syllables. Although a vowel before a single consonant is long in an open syllable and short before two consonants, these rules are not con- sistently observed in H. 894. Thus a final double fi ought to indicate that the vowel is short in monosyllables. Of course it does not in wiff 14 etc, liff 152 etc, viff 348 etc, bleff 457 etc, leff 487. Nor does // indicate a short e in vellen 313. In conse- quence of these irregularities the vowel quantities have to be de- termined by analogy. Long i is often indicated by following / as in tijt 404, tijden II, vortij gen 633, etc. I have dropped it from the text. VOWELS IN UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES. Vowels in unstressed and slightly stressed syllables have been leveled to e or i, or dropped. To e in declensional syllables: — -es, -em, -en, -er, -e; in comparison -er, -est. So in the verb. Suffixes *-ar, and *-tg occur as -ich: iges. Suffix -Ilk occurs as -lik : lich, or in adverbs -liken. The diminutive is-lm, borrowed from the H, G. So schepelin 491, kindeltn 240. No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 162 Prefix *ga: *^« > ge in all cases. Prefix *bi > be in all but two cases. Prefix *ant > ent in all cases. Prefix *us > *Mr: *or > er: or, extended to der. cf. Wein- hold. Mhd. Gr. § 82. Prefix *far: *fra appear as vor, due to confusion with vor from *fora, the adverb. Semi-vowels do not exist. THE CONSONANTS. LIQUIDS. /. Gemination indicates derivation from an original -//-; also that the preceding vowel is short. The preterit velen is written with double and single consonant. One is proper. Alter- has become alder- in aldermest 554, a L,. G. peculiarity; due to the soft sound of d. m. Gemination indicates preceding vowel is short. Original gemination in grimme 274, and himmel i. *mh > mm in umme 504, kummer 282. m has disappeared before / in vif 348, as in O. S. -m is occasionally weakened to -n in dative declensional end- ings ; unsen 575, dinen 265, den 95, 39. n. Gemination indicates a short preceding vowel and de- velopment from -nj-. Parasitic n occurs in dome gi 284. n disappears before the spirant in tmsachte < *unsanfto 293. It should have disappeared from uns and unse. Its presence in- dicates Prankish influence. The presence of n in stunt 76 indi- cates H. G. origin. r. W. G. r differs in its L,. G. development in no way from the same letter in M. H. G. Its tendency to lengthen a pre- ceding vowel has been previously stated, p. 156. Metathesis oc- curs in vrochte 267, vorste 571, bernde 271. IvABIAlwS. W. G. b occurs only initially. W. G. p occurs initially only in plege 426, plach 70, and the loanwords paradis 150, pelegrin 458, pine 282, predegen 28, propheten 207, provet 554. Geminated in uppe 242. Doubled in bischoppe 792 and sleppestu 274, it indicates the short quantity i63 Bggert [Vol. IV of the preceding vowel. It occurs regularly medially with the single exception of affenspel 494, borrowed from the H. G. It is always retained finally. The W. G. labial vocalic consonant w has become the labio- dental w of M. L. G. It occurs initially and after s, t and r. Initially before r, it is not lost in M. L. G., hence rank 540 for ivrank (wringen) is due to H. G. influence. Occurring after in the diphthong ow, its tendency is to become the spirant. It is written w or mm. The W. G. voiceless spirant / and the voiced hh are written in- discriminately / and V or u even. The surd should occur initially, finally, before t and after / and r. arbeit 673 is therefore H. G. loan word. The geminated sonant occurs as -hb- in hebben 525, hebbe 735. In the text doubled if is no index of quantity because of the bad habit of the scribes in doubling consonants, prevailing from the middle of the 15th century on. Hence we find in the text: bleif 651, bleiff 457, dreiff 47, giff 291, gaff 151, huff 12, erhuff 142, leff 481, liff 152, starff 349, viff 348, wiff 14. I have drop- ped the second f. The same thing occurs also in doffte 789. hefft 30, heffte 438, krefftich 324, redehafft 231, suffte 666, where the double ff is unnecessary since -ft alone shortens the preceding vowel. The almost universal L. G. change of -ft to -cht occurs only in luchte 365 and unsachte 293. GUTTURALS. The W. G. voiced guttural g occurs initially, medially, in gemination and after n, when not final. The prefix ge occurs 75 times against gh 40 times ; medially and initially in the root, ge- and gi- occur 49 times while ghe- and ghi- appear 53 times. gho- occurs even. Consequently the h can have no significance unless it be to indicate the spirant pronunciation of g. If so why wasn't the scribe consistent? See Liibben Mhd. Gr. p. 58. It may possibly indicate the sonant, before a, and u, but the surd pronunciation before e and i. When consonant i appears before i as in gi (you), gi (ever) ; when it is an orthographic sign to separate two vowels as in vortigen, nige, vligen, geneget, the scribe uses g equivalent to the H. G. /. Probably, then, the in- sertion of h after g was an attempt to indicate the aspirate prc^ No. 2] Legend of Mary ^agdalen. 164 nunciation of g as found farther North and West, rather than the modern / sound heard in jut for gut. Gemination occurs in segge 185 : sage 96 and liggen 316. Syncopation occurs in sedest 520 for segedest, and in the H. G. loan word vreisiich 408. Final g is always -ch, spirant. Final -ng is written nk, -gt > -cht. k, rarely written c, remains in all positions. Liibben says on page 60 of his grammar that the spelling -ch for final k is com- mon even in districts where the influence of H. G. was the slight- est, as in Iviibeck; consequently final -ch may represent the stop. This peculiarity occurs particularly after the vowel -/. So mich occurs twice, sich twice, sprak 32 times but never in rime, sprach 12 times in rime, gcmach: (sach) 305, 306, tobrach: (sack) 353-4, brach: (gesach) 704-5, ungemach: sprach 536-7, wunniglich: sich 77-8, mich: sich 177-8, ■wunniglich: rich 221-2, crock: sloch 684-5, schrach: (lach) 692-3, UnsMy gelov'ich 779 occurs once. I think the author's purpose was to give rimes that should be correct to the eye, and knowing that his exceptions Vv'ere correct in H .G., he used them lo give his work a learned look. As for the termination -lich, it is falsely after tlie analogy of -icli. IJchnam, for L. G. licham is H. G. In gemination -ck occurs consistently, dicke is from the H. G. Original -/:/, General Teutonic -ht occurs frequently. A non- existent L,. G. schrak is supplied by the H. G. schrach: (lach) 692-3. kroch: (sloch) 684-5 's also H. G. So is inichel 766. q'd occurs only in quam 46, queme 584, quemen 49, as in O. S. h occurs as in W. G. Original Teutonic guttural -f- dental = -ht is written -cht and is frequent, geschicht (happens) 412 is borrowed from the H. G. along with gcscheit 381 for L,. G. schiit 727. Grammatical change appears in sach 28: s-egen 57. W. G. sc > sell, sometimes written sc as in scolde 211. DENTALS. W. G. th and dh > d and fall together with W. G. d. This d occurs in all positions though probably pronounced as a surd stop finally. lyiibben p. 42-3. It is often written t finally and final t is likewise often falsely written d, mltd (courage) 424, and niui (must) 386, being pronounced the same, illustrate the i65 Eggert [Vol. IV reason for the confusion of the two so iiids. I have normalized all final if s to t. Gemination occurs frequently as in bedde 65, dridden 269, bidden 238. In nedder 145, ivedder 94, redder 93, it indicates merely the short quantity 01 the vowel preceding. *habhdc > hadde 678. Contraction occurs in dorste 570 < dorstede, sufte 666 < s.iiftcde. A spirant or surO. stop -\- d > ft, cht, st, t. du becomes tii as enclitic. hitte 116, is apparently H. G. loanword, perhaps due to the scribe's being a High German. I correct to hude. In lines 438-9 we meet the strange rhyme wat: geneget. /\s ivat is accusative case, the rhyme cannot be H. G. I suggest zved(e): geneid as a possible solution, to be pro- nounced and written zveit: geneit. W. G. t remains in all positions except in the confusion noted under d. The only shifted t occurs in the H. G. loanword cntcsunt 272. Gemination occurs in luitik 64 and satte 150. But vateden 505, "jvater 427, beter 524, eteii 247, demonstrate their L. G. origin by the single t. An h is found in the Ms. after the t in about one fourth of the cases. It has no significance, not even indicating quantity. The follovvfing words should end in t: ed 262, once, id 28 times, {et four times as enclitic), grod once 292, ad once 359, vod once 338, stad once 325, gad once 800, antlad twice jy, 221, (antlat once), mud six times, ud five times (nt once). t occurs in allet 262 falsely after the analogy of dot, dit and it, due to M. G. influence. It occurs parasitically in allent 775, after the analogy of allet. So in levent 22, nement 59. Where ist occurs it is for the rime. Otherwise is is used. In cnUse 438 : cruc::e 348, the H. G. spelling is retained. W. G. s occurs as in the other dialects, especially as in O. S. It shows the old grammatical change in kos 791 : derkoren 54/, vorlcsen 509 : vorloren 196. W. G. z has either become r or has disappeared exactly as in O. S. and O. H. G. The process has gone farther than in O. H. G. as, in we (wir), gi (Ihr), we (wer), he (er) mi (mir), di (dir), {mi and di do not belong to this dialect but are borrowed.) No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 166 io, as in toreten (zerrissen) 452, stands for an older te Gothic tuz, O. H. G. sar. The general result of the above phonological analysis is that the dialect is unquestionably M. L. G. with a H. G. coloring which, I trust, has been satisfactorily accounted for. PART IV. MORPHOLOGY. Masculine a-stems are declined Nom. — , Gen. -es, Dat. -e Ace. — , Plural Nom., Gen. and Ace. -e, Dat. -en. jammer 186, 452 occurs twice in dative sing, and regeii 250 once, without ending. The plural of afgot is afgode 782. The plural nom. of junger occurs once as jungern 3. No other exceptions. V/ords found are: por 146, hort 451, denst 109, dot 478, buk 2g,dank 541, du-vcl 117, gcisi 555, got 35, heilani 6, himrnel 113, kiimpier 282, /// 152, (life and body), gemak 285, mantel 514, mut 424, munt 91, rat 466, pelcgrim (n) 458, -schin 568, segel 44,spot 342, storm 449, torn 261, val 192, win 237, ivint 449, all nom. or ace. sg. dages 653, hungers 252, morgens 71, slapes 70, goddcs 7, all gen. sg. fccr^e 361, toz/ig 156, denste 382, Criste 520, (ifl^i? 95, ^odt' 393, godde no, himmele 144, /loz'e 74, iamer 186, 454, jungere 17, gemake 278, mude, munde 170, regen 250, /rooft' 134, ';6'/7c 142, Torsic 571, vroste 251, zynii? 281, all dative singular. bisschop(p)e 792, afgode 782, knechte 249, «>me 60, tc'crj 408, nom. or ace. pi. cngele 142, and .yifciKi? 677, are genitive plural, armen 106, godden 171 : goden 99, afgoden y2> ^''^ dat pi. .f^ 47 and i'we 566 old -tfo-stems occur in ace. sg. and nom. sg. respectively. Neuter -a-stems have exactly the same endings. Where the nam. and ace. plural show no ending, the H. G. form has been used, as in jar 651, kint 187, 193, la^it 5, wort 90. Add the -ya-stem gcwant 6g6 to this list. A'/ords used are: antlat yy, affenspel 494, hus 61, blat 7g'-), bok 800, dcil (m. 798 and n. 547), dorp 57, brot 180, dak 250, Jci 191, clendc 326, £-;y//7 (M. Q.)si3,g'it 504, /jo/f 331, ;ar 2u8, kint 32, /a;U 51, herteleit 625, o/'/'^r 73, ordd 277, Paradis 150, jc/zejf> 42: schip 662, .f/>or 688, nngcmach 537, j-a^ 161, z'o/j^ 72, water 427, stonnzveder 44.9, uu/ 14, wor^ 90, /?/ao-^« 485, zvenen 485, 7^:.'(?M 441 : leuent 22, nom. or ace. sg. : 16; Bggert [Vol. IV gudes 500, gen. sg. arbeide 182, bode 325, Paradise 190, .tc/kj/'^ 51, /^^vh<; 591, t;o/*e 27, wive 82, but without ending: wunder 79, schepelin 4gi, drink.en, eten 247, all dat. sg. Nom. and ace. plural as given. No forms occur with -e. This is the strongest argument for a H. G. origin, as far as it goes. Gen. pi. does not occur, jaren 709 is only dat. pi. -ja stems. her 766, mcr 136, gesinde 2, geslechte 597, are nom. and ace. s%. bedde 242, bilde 206, ende 627, ertrike 8, himmdrike 7, stade 553. ungelucke 518, without ending: himmelrj'fe 115, «jer 39, all dat. sg. N. and ace. pi. gewant 696. Gen. pi. bedde 65. The only -wa stem is the dat. pi. knien 681. The -i masculines are but sparingly represented. Nom. and ace. pi. hide 78, siege 261, tuge 350; gen. pi. hide 376; dat. pi. liiden 5. Of these siege is certainly umlauted while it is doubtful in the others. Otherwise this class resembles -a stems. In addition are a few words from the old -u deeleUflon : son 714: sane 7. 124 nom. sg. and son 204 ace. sg., vot 338 aee. sg., vote nom. and ace. pi. zrede 610, n. sg. As vote rhymes with sate, 86, 232, 313, it is impossible to assign the umlaut positively. I agree with Leitzmann's argument in the main, and would assign it. See Leitzmann, G. v. Minden, Fabeln, p. liii, especially p. Ivi. -STRONG FEiN'ilNINES. -5-, -jo and -wo- stems have fallen together. They end in -e for all eases except dat. pi. ends in -en. -i- stems differ from these only in the singular, which has lost the final vowel, and in umlauting -a- to -e-. The words used are: bruste 417, ere 794, erde (generally weak) 181, gnade 102, have 49, herberge 306, helle 145, leve 224,'Strate 580, pine 282, rede 85, ruwe 797, spise 64, stede 645, varwe 569, wile 22, sunde 211, vrtmdinne 716, vorstinne 233, angest 292, hovart 143, jemmercheit 624, maget 345, meinheit 4g6,mildicheit 544, sunderin 126, ^iV 404, vart 310, no^ 251, schult 519, ?'mc/j^ 167, werdicheit 545, j^ai 48, /wm/ 350, hantgedat liy, uiissedat 797. all in nom. or aee. eases, stunde 212. is apiiarently a neuter, a scribal error, fc^rf^ 523, hude 20, /^i-^ 786, /)/e^e 426, schare 108, (stemme 273) : j/g»j 487, jh,^;-^ No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 168 186, werlde 30, hant 52, not 179, macht 731, stunt 212, marier 10, vart 24, himmelvart i, w^^ 796, i/mc/i* 154. all dat. sg. bruste 31, wtmdg 348, stede 643, nom. or ace. pi. brusten 511, erew 319, stunden i6g, sunden 795, fii /erfe 494,699, 514 and scgede > i^dc 640, segedcst > jerfwf 520. L,iibben Idnd. Gr. 57. ivisede 3. sg. 304 is the only pret. subj. The pres. part, adds -ende to the root : spelende 676, wenende A72,< 536, levende 350. The infinitive ends in en, once in -ende: to kundigende 137. The past part, occurs regularly with gc- and ending -et or -t: [ge]benedi[g]et 31, 7i^,gemartert 644, up-geneget 439, gesenket 145, gevrowet 475, ^e- dropped after prefixes in entczunt (H. G.) 2y2,bedecket 226, derloset 795, derwecket 2g2,vorschrecket 294, vorleidet 118, vorvluket 181, envcndet 300. For all verbs the future is formed with schullen. komende sint 188 and cA'tw'/ .j^iu 308 are future in sense. One conditional e^ wolde — jin 475, occurs. The compound of the present and preterit occur mostly with hebben, rarely with sin. Examples of the latter occur in 133, 293 and 476. The passive is formed with werden and past part. dragcn rvart 523, is a circumlocution for droch perhaps in the sense: had to bear. Here the M. H. G. uses the infinitive but t)ie L. G. would use the present participle. See Erdmann Syntax § 145. Liibben Mnd. Gr. p. 92. The few "rijckumlauting" verbs genant, gesant, gcant, bekant, bezvant, gewaiit, due to H. G. influence, were mentioned before, p 156. sonde 658 is the only legitimate L. G. example in the poem. STRONG VERBS. F. G. i; ai, i; i. Class I. t, e e, e. The e of the pret. pi. and part, is lengthened according to Nerger's rule (p. 156) from e weakened from i. O. H. G. I, ai, i, i, i. cntbttei 170, 2. pi. pres. ind. 2. bliven 403, infin. ; e^ i'/«z'^4i3, pres. ind. ft/i/f 345, 3. sg. pres, ; blef 457 ; bleif 651, 3. pret. sg. ; bteven 63, 3. pret. pi. No; 2] Legend of Mairy Magdalen. 176 3. drive we 495, i. pi. pres., dreif 47, 3. pret. sg., gedreven 429, p. p. ek vordrlve 782. 4. zve gr'ipen 574, pi. pres. ; begreip 628, 3. pret. sg. 5. vormiden 284, inf. 6. Men 251, 283, 3. pi. pres.; hit 347, 3. sg. pret. 7. erschein 71, 3. sg. pret. 8. schrei 515, 3. sg. pret. 9. silken 163, inf. 10. swegen 141, 3. pi. pret. 11. vorH[g]en 633, inf. 12. getwide 122 2. sg. imp' v. 13. J7-7> 3- s. pres. ind. stat: hat (H. G.)32S-6. 4. doyi 23s, inf. Only H. G. forms, dut 391, 3. s. pres. and •i8i Bggert [Vol. IV 286, 2. pi. pres., occur in the present tense, dut: gut sgi-i, 286-5. dede 458, 3. s. pret. deden 109, 3. pi. pret. ; 56 and 102, 3. pi. pret. subj. gedan 166,310,478, p.p. underdan 97, adj. wolgetan 223, 706, and wol getan 80, show a shifted d. THE ANOMALOUS WILLBN. wil 19, 308 pres. ind. wultu 727, 2. s. pres. ind. zvillen 50i,2.pl. wille 376, 3. s. pres. subj. willen 334, subj. wolde 61,146,298,475, I. and 3. s. pret. woldest 517, wolden 40. IRREGULAR VERBS. 1. bringen 627, inf. bringe i. pres. 634. brachte 176, 446 : brochte 584. brachten 99 : brochten 73. bracht 64, p. p. vullenbracht 730, p. p. vorebrachte 91, 3. s. pret. 2. bedenken 248, inf. derdenken 280, inf. dachte 158, 204, pret. 3. duchte 366, from dunken. 4. rfo/f^ 789, from dopen. 5. hebben 525, inf. /i^66e 735, ist pres. ind. /i^if 175 etc., seven times. heft 30, etc., seven times, het for ^e/f 329, 719. hebbe we 215, 372. hadde 678, 730, 762, pret. hedde 259, id. hedden 82, 710, pret. pi. hedde 341, 590, pret. subj. There occur also the following H. G. forms in the rimes: haven, after the false analogy of begraven 349-350. han: gait 160-159, : Ian 327-8, : man 785-6. All inf. han: man 266-5, i- s. pres. ind. hast 22: gast 21. hanfgedat: hat 117-8, stat: hat 325-6, stat: hat 428-9. rat: hat 466-7, 529-8, missedat: hat 797-8. gedan: han 478-9, i. pi. pres. ADVERBS. Time, balde 684, bivore 36, bivorn 268, 546, do 28, ^t 246, etc.,Mt 82 etc., hermede 287, 440, hute (H. G.) 116, itto 743, jummer 138, 281, nummer 340, 643, ginj 649, da/ (expletive) 692, No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. iS* 759, lank 360, lange 316, lenger 40, 301, nu 95 etc., morgen 296, sedder 93, jgj^ io 172, vro 296, z/M.yie 685, wan 307. Expressions : des morgens 71, 94, fo nachte 92, 305, ew^j nachtes 241, rf« andercn nachtes 263, c?e.j dridden nachtes 269, £ie[w] wac/t^ 63, underwilen 409, jo schere 253. Compounds of /j^e.- liken: innichliken 113, jemmerlike: -liken 191, 472. lefliken 218,, gelike 131, vlitliken 105, vroliken 404, yi2,sdkerliken 432, sichtichliken 370, witliken yjS. Negations are A'em 169, newa 499, 486, en — wic/if 34 etc., rarely «e — MJcAif 89, and three other cases ; so nic^f alone 21, nichtes- nicht — en 698. The affirmation is ja. Prepositional adverbs, anein 72, ave- (gast) 21, dar-Sve 521, darmede 141, darna li, darto 31, darute 249, dohen 582, /ser — i^'^yWunimme 265, worumme 495, nedder 145, 542, m/> 592, 439, hinder 413 (H. G.), w samen (H.G. ?)562, in jawen^ 43, rfannwe 6^,dar-inne 59, bisunder 640, underwegen 262, t'i/na 252, vorwar 346, 519, z^ore — ^27 etc., vullen(-horen) 90, vullen(-bracht) 72'^, wedder(-kommen) 94, 196, z/an zvenne 220, 588,/nVwerfe 287, 440, oz/^r &orf 451, 498. Adverbs of place in addition to above : z/er 647 (H.G.), feme 135, dor^ (H.G.) 655, /leiw 6^9, heme 403, wMr 646, war 54, rfor 644, Manner, a/je 35 etc., a/jo 85, jo 80 etc., a/.yM.y 17, 23, 159, (H. G.), sus 1 18,278, (H.G. ), c?oc/t 499,282, rfenne noc/t 697,er^e» 470, ok 24 etc. Derived from nouns : manger — ,menniger-hande 335, to hant 399 etc. Comparison alse 84, wanne 778, danne y4i,edder 427 wedder — noc/t 285. Intel rogative: t^an wenne 220,588, wurumme 265,495, zwMr 646. Genitival : so schones 83. Derived from adjectives : ho 444, bekant 56, fewnf 648, lank 360, /jc/ife 238, 490, vil 32 etc., wm vele 501, wer 185, algemene 155, 322, z/oj^e 415, vulkomen 651, wenich 67, genoch 245, rechte 80, 223, unsachte 293, .yer 219, jneZZe 446, wo/ 29, 80, a/Zewe 156, 321, beter 524, ifjc; rfte^e H. G. 254, 416, gar 2, 437, ^eme 378, harde: herde 415,408: 105, 739. CONJUNCTIONS. unde 10 etc., edder 427, beide-unde 14, wedder-noch 285, over 264 etc.,wente 4, 292, : wen 798 : wanne 778, sunder 156, 649, i83 Eggert [Vol. IV alse 35, dat 6 etc., do 28, wu 10, dar 644, de wile 22, jmf da/ 407, sint 467, ic/if 239, 337, wurna 334. INTERJECTIONS. •; ; ' Leider! 59. Owe/ 576. I > PREPOSITIONS. With dative: mit 10 etc., na 147, i8S,nach 1, to 30 etc., tdgen — io 581, iW 15, etc., tinder 154, m/- 8, uppe 242, z/aw 7, etc., vor 27. With accusative: ane 250, 541, foef aw 6g,dorch 60, 133, t» 542, oz/er 5, 47 etc., sunder 727, umme 504, up 193, 432, z;ar 121, 86. PART V. i VERSIFICATION. As l-iovi German poetry is the product of conscious imitation of High German models, what might be dignified with the term epic verse contains, therefore, four accented syllables or hebun- gcn. (I shall term them arses.) These accented syllables mostly alternate with unaccented ones, senkungen (theses), while a bare majority of verses end with an accented syllable. Compare Seel- mann in Valentin und Namelos, 1884. A normal verse is the following: Nach unses her en himmelvart. Type C. in Grundriss II. i. p. 912, ( 1893) . Although the majority of verses of our poem can be scanned according to the principles laid down by Paul for the dipodic epic verse of the M.H.G. period in Grundriss II. I. 898 ff ; although Kauifmann, Deutsche Metrik, Marburg 1897, § 145 requires the same treatment for the period 1300-1600; and al- though Eeitzmann has elaborately applied the same method to the Fabeln Gerhardts von Minden, Halle 1898, it would be the height of absurdity to make such an attempt with the poem be- fore us. It is to be hoped that the treatment of the late M. H. G. metres will undergo a radical revolution in favor of sense and simplicity. Of the 800 verses of our poem 561 have four dis- tinct arses, 7 five, and 231 have only three. Verse 9 has two. Paul says on p. 945 of the article cited : In den nicht sum Gesang bestimmten Dichtungen herrscht wahrend des 14. Jahrh. und zum Teil noch in das 15. hinein eine grosse Unsicherheit Ho. 2] tegend of Mary Magdalen. 184 wie sie schon im 13. begonnen hatte. Man kann zwei Haupt- richtungen unterscheiden. Einerseits gestattet man sich lange Verse mit uberladenen Piissen in der Kegel ohne jede Synkope der Senkung. Dies ist besonders in den niederdeutschen Dichtun- gen der Fall, die auch im 13. in Bezug auf Regelmdssigkeit hlnter den ober- und mitteldeutschen suriickgeblieben waren, — Uine andre besonders in Oberdeutschland herrschende Richtung set St die Tendens zu regelmdssiger Abwechselung zwischen gehobenen und gesenkten Silben fort. In proof of the former statement compare the long verses 10, 20, 30, 31, 37, 51, 54, 94, 95, 113, 128, 142, 146, 179, 208, 228, 264, etc., averaging twelve syllables to the hne. Lines 243, 374, ID, 20, 386, 592 and 798 must be read with five t-ccents : 374. Vrdwe erbdrme dek over minschenlif. 592. He sprdk : Dit cruize negede mek up to hdnt. 10. Unde wti he se mit siner marter derldste. (Possibly normal). 20. Maria Magdalena si an diner hude. (Possibly normal). 243. Do dachte se wu v6r er stunde aldd. 386. Se sprdk : de ddch mut j4mmer sdlich sin 798. Wen se den besten deil derkoren hat. As a preliminary study I carefully counted all the cases of lines of four accents without, with monosyllabic, with dissyllabic and with trisyllabic anacrusis (Auftakt) ; v/ithout thesis (Senkung), with monosyllabic, dissyllabic and trisyllabic thesis after the first, second and third accents; with final unaccented syllable {ilber- schlagende Silbe). The results are as follows: l). The anacrusis may even reach three syllablee as in 1. 228, or be lacking altogether, 1. 7. No principle for its use can be de- duced. 2). A thesis may be wanting altogether as in line 651 : VMkomen twe jdr. Any thesis may be lacking. Compare 11. 155, 182, 6. 3). Final -e, -el, -en, -er are to be treated as iiberschlagend at the end of a verse. The preceding syllable bears the fourth or third accent, as the case may be. Compare 1. 30. De dek to disser werlde heft gedrdgen. Because of the universal lengthening of open syllables in L. G. according to Nerger's Law (see p. 156) there is no case of stump fer i85 Bggert [Vol. IV: Reim resulting from the treatment of two short syllables, as in M. H. G. trdgen, as equivaalent to a single accented long syllable. Slightly less than one half of all lines that must be read with four accents have such a final unaccented syllable in our poem. 4). The lack of evident metrical principles displayed in the poem, especially the fi-equent occurrence of theses with two or three syllables, make it extremely hazardous to ascribe extra syllables to the pen of a scribe as a basis for metrical criticism. For example, 1. 31 could be improved by the omission of the syllable ge: Darto die bruste {ge] benediet sint. Besides the use of ge here is probably not L. G. Nevertheless the elimination of the few possibly spurious ge prefixes would leave the verses practically as bad as they were before ?.nd we should still not be positive that the author did not write them originally. S). A most striking feature of the poem is the presence of 231 verses with only three accents. According to Kauffmann, Deutsche Metrik, p. 128, such verses had become more and more common from the 13th century on among H. G. poets. They occur in the L. G. fables of Gerhardt von Minden as can be seen in Leitzmann's edition. They occur in Valentin und Namelos, in the Redentimr Osterspiel, consequently are not unknown to L. G. poets. In the above poem they occur often in pairs as was noticed in Gerhardt von Minden by Leitzmaim, pages CXI and CXll. Compare 11. 13-14, 17-18, 57-58, 65-66, 67-68, 81-82, 87- 88, 99-100, 101-102, 105-106, 107-108, 109-110, 129-130, 139-14Q, 153-154. 185-186, 197-198, 201-202, 205-206, 209-210, 219-220, 225-226, 247-248, 253-254, 257-258, 269-270, 273-274, 279-280, 283-284, 287-288, 2B9-290, 293-294, 297-298, 301-302, 311-312, 313-314, 317-318, 323-324, 330-331, 333-334, 335-356, 339-3AO, 357-358, 362-363, 365-366, 369-370, 397-398, 410-41 1, 412-413. 416-417, 418-419, 420-421, 442-443, 444-445, 446-447, 452- 453. 454-455. 47o-47i. 480-481, 496-497. 518-519, 526-527, 532- 533. 582-583. 590-591. 596-597. 598-599. 600-601, 602-603, 604- 605, 610-61 1, 640-641, 650-651, 656-657, 676-677, 680-681, 682- 683, 694-695, 758-759. 760-761. The following lines of three accents are coupled with lines of four accents: 3, (6), (11), (38), 50, (60), 72, (83), 90, 92, 103, No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. i86 III, 114, (132), (141), 164, (178), 180, 189, 244, (261), 277, 307, 315, 330, (377). 3^8, (392), (431). (456), 504, 508. 512. 521, 542, 555, 567. (577). 584. 587. 593. 594, 614, 617, 626, 632, 638, 659, 664, 666, 668, 679, 687, 689, 702, 704, 708, 7x2, 720, 732, 752, 764, 766, 791. Certain of these could be classed among those with four accents as well as some of the long lines could be read with four rather than five accents. They are enclosed in parentheses. Lmes riming with the lines, of which the numbers are in italics, may perhaps by straining be read with three accents. In spite of this there remain many smgle lines which have in- dubitably only three accents. These short lines unquestionably vary the monotony of the meter and are often so pat that they indicate considerable feeling for harmony on the part of the poet. An examination of the rimes yields the following results : i). a and a rime as >n M. H. G. 11. 22-23, 265-266, 420-421, 799-800. 2). o and rime, 237-238, 299-300. The o in son(e) had be- come long through Merger's Law and rimes with 0: 2 3-4, 375-6, 714-5- 3). i and i rime: 115-6, 171-2, 205-6, 221-2. 4). Marsilie 48 ends with an accented long vowel to rime with sne 47. e and i rime : 566-7. * and e rime: 42-3, 247-8, 279-280, 273-4, 333-4, 510-1, 758-9, 582-3, 634-s. e and t rime: 752-3. e and a rime : 486-7. 5). Final a rimes with final a: 11-12, 732-3, 269-270, 25-6, 5 16- 7, 243-4, 76^-76(^-770. -a rimes with -ar: 41-2, 315-6. 6). -e and -en rime: 105-6, 712-3, 261-2. The preceding sylla- ble in each case rimes and bears the accent. 7). ch < *hw rimes with ch < k: sack: sprach twelve times, brack: gesach 704-5, iobrach: sack 353-4, sack: gemach 305-6. These are borrowed from the H. G. "riming diction- ary." (See p. 164). sckrack and lack 692-3 are H. G. ck < *k rimes with ck < g m genock: gedroch 245-6. 8). For weit: geneit 438-9 see p. 165. 9). The following words have been borrowed from the High i87 Hggeri [Vol. IV German for the sake of rime: hantgedat: hat 117-8, gesant: (lant) 135-6 gait: han 159-160, lant (in the plural): (Heilant) 5-6, gast: hast 22-3, ungetalt: alt 37-8, entvan ( ?) : stan 61-2, (man): han 265-6, 786-5, (rat) : gat 291-2, stat: hat 325-6, han: Ian 327-8, (begraven): haven 349-350. (dan): stan 420-1, (rat): hat 466-7, 529-8, (gedan) : han 478-9. ^""c^e (?): f/awrf^j 658-9, schrach: (lach) 692-3, bewant: geant 728-9, (missedat) : hat 797-^, (blat):utgat 799-800, ^a: ("na; 576-7, (/omO : gesant 578-9, (/lanO : ^waw^ 592-3, 608-9, (^««0 "■ f^" nant 594-5, £-^na«^ : ^^^awf 606-7, gesant : bewant 612-3, {hunt) : genant 628-9. (er) : mir 634-5, gcscheit: (seit) 381-2, (Crist): ist 123-4, 137-8, 213-4, 532-3, 343-4. 379-38o, ist: (vrist) 795-6. (stn): kindelln 239-240 etc., (himmelrike) : sichtichlike 369- 370, geschicht: (nicht) 412-3, kindeltn: schepeHn 490-1. (^m/) : dut 285-6, 392-1, 671-670. stunt: entczunt 271-2. war en: (op[p]enbaren) 3-4, sprach: ungemach 536-7, (varen): waren ^^6-7, (sack) : sprach 364-363, etc., war^M.- (jaren) 7C&-9. mich : sich 177-8 betray a H. G. copyist. 10). Examples of Riihrender Reim are: mildicheit: wer- dicheit 544-5, ^aw^: Heilant 5-6, himmelrike: ertrike 7-8, .t/mm*: upstunt 351-2, kindeltn: schepelin 506-7. darna: Magdalena 11- 12, 269-270, 732-3. 11). The triple rime mere: sere: here 409-10-11 may indicate the loss of one or many lines as was noted on the copy of the Ms. which was collated by Dr. Gustav Milchsack, librarian at Wolfenbuettel. Notwithstanding, there is no apparent break m sense. Another occurs in alda: Magdalena: appostola 768-9- 770 without apparent break. See Koberstein I, 120 11-16. PART VI. RESULTS. i). The poem is written in Middle Low German as the an- alysis of the phonology abundantly indicates. 2). The Low German is that of the tnek region of which the centres are Brunswick, Halberstadt, Quedlinburg, Hildesheim, Wolfenbuttel, Magdeburg, Gottingen, Hannover, arranged in the order of greatest claim to being the home of the Low German poet. 3). Helmstedt Codex 894 does not seem to contain the or- No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 180 iginal Ms. if much weight is to be placed upon the evident dis- placements between lines 479 and 512. Also the presence of otn for erne and on for en[e] 640, 643, 602, 607, indicate that the forms with were original and that the forms with e are an at- tempt at normalization and revision. 4). Then the questions arise: Was the copyist a High Ger- man ? Was the poet a Low German and if so from what region ? My answers are : the scribe was High German ; the poet a Bruns- wickian. Reasons. The evidence that the scribe was more acquainted with H. G. is not convincing, it must be admitted. The strong- est reason for this view is his writing of d for final L. G. d: ^ = H. G. J : ^ as well as for L. G. f = H. G. s or ss. See page 165. The enigmatic barhzen 542, 669, :=L. G. barse, bardse, bar- dese indicates his unfamiliarity with that word, hute for hude 116, geloi/ich for geloi/ik 779, the false double pp of op[p]en- baren 4, graft for graf 513, wunnichlich: sich 77-8, mich: sich 177-8 seem to be oversights chargeable to the scribe. As for the language employed by the poet, it shows a large admixture of H. G. forms, most of which have been cited on p. 187 and are due to the influence of the H. G. poetic rimes. Add to these: alsus 17, arbeit 673, affenspel 494, die 254, dicke 416, dofte 789, dort 665, dridden 269, hinder 413, kroch 684, lichenam 486, michely 66, nikein 6^,redehaft 22i,sagenior seggen 29 etc., wolgetan 706, bevelen 399, ver 647, vreislich 408, vrisch 697, gewant 6g6, geweldigen 226, bewiset 393, schaffe 304. There is not one word in the above list which does not occur in the language of one or more L. G. writers. The phonology is in the main consistently Low German. The main stumbling block is final ch for k which has been dis- cussed on p. 164. It is a phenomenon noted in the rimes of most L. G. poets and shows the influence of the literary H. G. The morphology is nearly consistently L. G. The only strik- ing deviation is in the formation of neuter plurals without ending as noted on p. 166. As these cases occur in the rimes, they may be explained on that ground. Against this phenomenon put the frequent use of forms of the adjective in-M in place of the reg- ular dative -me: 575, 265, 95, 39. All these irregularities point to a dialect on the border be- 1^9 ^ggeri [Vol. IV, tween High and Low German or to a large city largely under High German influence. This would account for the almost universal use of the prefix ge- conformably to II. G. use and to a much freer extent than usual in L. G. speech. It would ex- plain the use of alle for L. G. al; of the false forms allet and allent assigned by Damkohler, Germania XXXV. 130, to the South of Low German territory. It would account for the H. G. uns, unser in lieu of L. G. (Low Saxon) us, user. It would account for the use of the prefix der- in dernere 534 derwecket 293, derloste 10, derloset 795, derloven 401, derdenken 280 der- korn 547. Originally Bavarian (see Weinhold Mhd. Gram. §§ 83 and 302). this prefix spread over Middle Germany into Brandenburg and even into Brunswick and Quedlinburg according to Tiimpel, Niederdeutsche Studien, 1898, page 6^. The poem is from ^Vest of the Elbe and from the Southeast of the mek region. Now from all the data furnished by Tiimpel it would seem that Brunswick, Halberstadt and Quedlinburg used mainly ek, mek, dek and sek about the first half of the 15th century. See Nd. St. passim. The other cities show too great a tendency to the forms with i. The same three cities use we (wir) prevailingly where wy is used in the rest of the mek region. Brunswick and Quedlinburg use uns in the fifteenth century. According to Tiimpel's data the pronouns occurring in our poem as erne, ene, em, en, are regularly written with in the mek region. The scribe normalized all but four as before mentioned p. 188. It must be admitted that the data from Tiimpel are neither satisfactory nor convincing. The author could have come from any city of the region. The most promising argument is from the use of n for o. Seelmann has shown in the Jahrbuch fur nd. Sprachforschung XVIII p. 141 if. that W. G. o > m in the Bruns- wick dialect of the 15th century. This is fortified by Wrede, Anzeiger fur deutsches Altertum XXII, 112 ff. The m is probably due to H. G. influence. Compare gute 19, dut 286, muder 345, mut 424, mut 386: mote 539, must en 4: mostu 406, vorvluket 181, hude 20, 572, vuren 15, vur 257 etc., huf 12, 317, 365, erhuf 142. The preterits of the fourth and fifth ablautsreihen have e in the plural in Brunswick and Quedlinburg in the fifteenth century according to Tiimpel. No. 2.] tegend of Mary Magdalen. ^96 In the absence of other data I would assign the authorship of the poem either to a native of Brunswick or to a North Bavarian or other Middle German who had become thoroughly master of the Brunswick dialect through long use. He tried to avoid peculiar native words and phrases in order to give his work a more literary flavor. His name will probably remain a mystery. His occupation was probably that of a monk. His education was evidently more than ordinary if I have succeeded in showing his knowledge of French, L,atin and High German. I judge from the 799th line that the poem must have been a task which he was glad to get off his hands. The time of composition may have been between 1400 and 1449, there is absolutely no evidence. i9t Mggeri [Vol. iV Hei,mstbdt 894. A. D. 1449- VAN SUNTE MARIA MAGDALENEN. Fol. 60b. Nach unses heren himmelvart Dat gesinde gar vorsendet wart De sine jungem waren, Wente se musten openbaren 5 Den luden over alle de lant, Dat de ware Heilant Goddes sone van himmelrike Was geboren up ertrike, Den luden to troste, 10 Unde wu he se mit siner marter derloste. An korten tiden darna Huf sek Maria Magdalena Mit eren gesellen van dan, , Beide wif unde man 15 Vuren mit er ut der stat. ' Sunte Peter de bot unde bat Enem jungere alsus: (De heit Maximinus) Fol. 6ia. He sprak : "Ek wil dat de gude 20 Maria Magdalena si an diner hude, Dat du er nicht ave gast De wile du dat levent hast." De vrowe em alsus bevolen wart. Ok was mit er an der sulven vart 25 Lazarus unde Martha ^ Unde de gude Ma(r)cellina, De vor alle deme volke sprach Do se unsen hern predigen sach: j , "De buk is salich mach men wol sagen 30 De dek to disser werlde heft gedragen". ; , Darto de bruste [gejbenediet sint ; De du sogest du vil werde kint." Noch was mit en dar ein man Des ek genomen nicht en kan, 35 De got, alse ek lesen hore, Makede seinde hir bivore. No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 192 Und ander lude vele ungetalt Beide junk unde alt De se to den mere geleiden. 40 Do wolden nicht lenger beiden De gesellen unde Maria, Ein schep, dat se vunden dar, AUe in sament se do gingen, Eren segel se do ane hengen. 45 Do de weren upgetogen De wint quam dar an geflogeri Unde dreif se balde over se An de stat to Marsilie. Do se quemen an de have, Fol. 61 b. 50 Er segel nemen se ave Und gingen ut dem schepe an dat lant Und loveden got al tohant, Dat he se gesendet hadde aldar Und beden dat he se wisede war 55 Se to den luden quemen an dat lant Den se sinen namen deden bekant. Ein dorp se segen do Aldar kerden se to, Dar ne was leider nemant inne 60 De se dorch goddes sinne Wolde an sin hus entvan, Do segen se ein bedehus stan, Dar inne bleven se de[n] nacht, Ene wart dar luttik spise bracht 65 Ncx:h der bedde nikein. Ere kussen dat weren stein. Vil wenich se slepen Se bededen unde repen Got an bet an den lichten dach, 70 Erer ninein nenes slapes plach. Des morgens do der dach erschein Dat volk quam al anein Unde.brochten opper den afgoden / Ise en van hove was geboden. 75 Do dat Maria Magdalena sach 193 Bggert [Vol. IV Se stunt up unde sprach. Er antlat was so wunnichlich Dat de lude alle vorleten sich Unde segen se to wunder an 80 So rechte wol was se getan Fol. 62a. An alle erme live, Se en hedden ni van wive So schones nicht gesein Alse an er was geschein. 85 Ok was er rede also sote Dat se sek vor er vote Satten alle gelike Beide de armen unde rike Unde ne konden mit eren oren 90 De wort nicht vuUenhoren De er sote munt vorebrachte Bet dat it gink to nachte. Do bevol se se godde sedder Unde heit se komen des morgens wedder. 95 Nu vornemet van dem anderen dage: Do quam de here, hort ek sage(M), Deme dat lant was underdan Unde mennich wif unde man Unde brachten opper den goden 100 Alse len was geboden Dat se de gode beden Dat se em gnade deden Unde hulpen em enes erven. Dit begunden se alle to werven 105 Herde vlitliken Beide arm unde rike. Sin wif quam ok aldare Mit ener vrowenschare De groten denst deden no Unde ok de godde beden, An der sulven stunt Maria Magdalena ok begunt Fol. 62b Und innichlichen an den himmel sach An erem herten se sprach: No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 194 115 "Here vader van himmelrik Ik bidde hude [hute] erbarme dik Over dine hantgedat De de duvel sus vorleidet hat Dat se anbeden de afgode. 120 Her ek bin to dek ein bode Nu bidde ek ok vor se dek Her vader [gejtwide mek Dorch unsen heren Jhesum Crist, De din eingebom sone ist, 125 Nu gedenk an de gnade din, Sende mek armen sunderin Dat ek ene din wort so sage Dat it ene vrome und dek behage." To godde se do sach 130 Unde to dem volke se sprach: "Nu vornemet alle gelike Beide arm unde rike Dorch wat we sint her gekomen Juk to troste und ok to vromen. 135 We sint verne her gesant Van over mer in dit lant Juk to kundigen[de] dat Crist War got was unde jummer ist Und wolde geboren werden 140 Van ener maget up erden." Dar mede swegen se alle, Do erhuf se van der engele valle, Wu Lucifer dorch sine hovart Ut deme himmele vorstot wart 145 Und in de helle gesenket nedder. Fol. 63a. Do wolde he sinen bor ervullen wedder Na sek sulven he do began Van der erden to maken enen man Stark schone unde wis 150 Unde satte en in dat paradis. Deme gaf he ok ein wif Und heit dat se weren ein lif. He sprak: "'Wat juk bevalle, 195 Bggert [Vol. IV Under disser vrucht alle 15s De etet al gemene, Sunder van dem bome allene Ete gi des so sterve gi". Do dachte de duvel : "Seal nu mi Min crve alsus avegan 160 Unde schal it disse minsche ban? Ik getet noch in dat vat Dat he eme ok wert hat". Tohant begunde he to sliken In enes slangen geliken. 165 To dem wive sprak he an : "Dorch wat is dit an juk gedan Dat juk got disse vrucht vorbot?" Se sprak: "Dat we nicht sterven dot". "Nein", sprak he, "to den sulven stunden 170 So gi er entbitet mit dem munde So werde gi den godden gelik". ;. Seit do vorgat de arme sik Und at undo gaf it deme man. Do reip unse here van stunt an: 175 "'Adam, wu hestu gevaren so?" He sprak: "Dat wif brachte mek darto". Se sprak: "De slange vorreit mek" [mich]. Fol. 63b. Do tornede god sek [sich] Und sprach : "Mit swete und mangerhande not 180 Schaltu erwerven din brot Ok schal de erde vorvluket sin An dem arbeide din." To dem wive sprak he dan : •; "Du schalt wesen under dinem man, 185 Noch segge ek dek mere Mit jammer unde mit swere Schaltu gev/innen dine kint Und alle de na dek komende sint." -v i Do iieit got de wise 190 Se werpen ut dem paradise , }, In dit jemmerlike dal. f '.■ DisGcn ewichliken val ''' No. 2.] Legend cf Mary Magdalen. 10 Ervede Adam up sine kint De na em geboren sint. 195 Wat minschen wart na em geborn \ De musten alle sin vorlorn Bet an de sulven stunde Dat sek erbarmen begunde Got sulves over sin hantgedat. '^ 200 Do vant he sulven den rat Dar nemant darto dochte De en erlosen mochte. (He ne woldet sulven don), Do dachte he, he wolde sinen son 205 Senden dat he sek vorwilde Under minschen bilde. Dat leit he de propheten wissagen Over mennich jar und vor mengen dagen Dat got up der erden Fol. 64a. 210 Wolde geboren werden, Wu he komen scholde dorch unse sunde. Nu is gekomen dat salige stunde Dat unse here Jhesus Crist De ware goddes son geborn ist. 215 Den hebbe we gesein und gehort Und schuUen juk kundigen sin wort." Do dit Maria Magdalena sprach Dat volk se lefliken angesach Und wunderde sek sere 220 Van wenne dat wif were Der antlat so wunnichlich So schone was so vrowdenrich Und so rechte wol getan. Se spreken : "Se were sunder wan 225 Van deme himmele ein bode Van deme geweldigen gode. We vornam gi so schone wort Alse van erem munde sint gehort?" Des ne wundert mek nicht sere 230 Dat de munt hillich were Redehaft unde sote 19? Bggeri [Vol. IV De dar kuste unses hem vote. Do dachte de vorstinne : "Du schalt de leve diner sinne 235 Don dissen eknden. Ek wil ene vorholen senden Spise win unde brot, Se bidden lichte eren got Icht he so weldich mochte sin 240 Dat uns worde ein kindelin." Enes nachtes do de vrowe lach Fol. 64b. Uppe dem bedde alse S3 plach Do dachte se wu vor er stunde alda Maria Magdalena 245 Und sprak : "Nu hestu genoch AUes des de erde gi gedroch Van eten und van drinken Und ne wult nicht bedenken Dat de god(d)es knechte dar ute legen 250 Ane 8cik in dem regen. Van vroste hden se grote not Und sint vilna hungers dot. So schere alse it dage Schaltu die dinem manne sagen 255 Dat he en [on] schaffe wes en si not Unde dat ek em dat entbot". Maria vur alsus van dan. Do de vrowe sek vorsan Wat se hedde gehort und gesein 260 Se dorstes dem manne nicht laten vorsteiu, Se vrochtede torn unde siege Und leit et allet underwegen. Des andem nachtes do se sleip Maria Magdalena er aver reip 265 "Wurumme sechstu nicht dinen man Dat ek eme entboden han ?" Se vrochte aver eres mannes torn Un leit dat allet alse bivom. Des dridden nachtes darna 270 Quam aver Maria Magdalena. Mo. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 19^ Er antlat bernde an der stunt Alse al dat hus wer entczunt Unde reip vil luder stemme : Fol. 6sa. "Sleppestu vil grimme 275 Mit der naddern [vaddem] deme wive din De ne dorste nicht min bode sin? Dat ordel is uneven SchuUe gi sus mit gemake leven Van eten unde van drinken 280 Wes gi kunnet derdenken Und jummer sin vul van wine Unde nicht en sein kummer und pine De god(d)es knechte liden? Wu dor[n]e gi vormiden 285 Dat gi wedder gemak noch gut En up disser werlde dut?" Hirmede vur se van danne. Dat wif sprak to dem manne : "Here, hestu vomomen 290 Wat uns nu is vorgekomen ?" "Ja," sprak he, "nu gif mek rat Wente mek grot angest anegat. Ik bin unsachte derv/ecket Se heft mek sere vorschrecket." 295 Se sprak: "Ek rade wol darto Dat we morgen vil vro Ere gnade soken. Wolde se des geroken Dat se vor uns bede got 300 So were erwendet unse not". Nicht lenger dat se beiden, Vil schere se sek bereiden, Sinen voget leit he besenden. He sprak: "Schaffe den elenden Fol. 6sb. 305 Ivuden de ek to nacht sach Herberge und gut gemach Unde wan dat is geschein So segge ek wil se sulven sein". So schere dat gedan wart 199 Eggert [Vol. IV 310 Hoven se sek an de vart Do se de guden vunden. Nicht lenger se do stunden Se vel[I]en vor ere vote, ; - De rene und de vil sote 315 Maria Magdalena • Leit se nicht lange liggen dar, Up huf se se beide. ' Se sprak : "Mek is vil leide '. Dat gi mek beden van eren icht 320 Wente ek bin des werdicti nicht Sunder got den hercn allene ■ Schulle we loven algemene Und eren jummer mer, De is so kreftich und so her 325 Dat it alle to sinem bode stat Dat de himmel bedecket hat. Den sulven schulle gi lef han Und de afgode Ian. We h^t juk der sinne so berovet ■ 330 Dat gi des gelovet Dat holt unde stene Grot unde klene Und wat de lude stellen Wurna dat se willen 335 An mannigerhande bilde Beide na vogeln unde wilde Fol. 66a. Icht men it lecht dat it nicht up steit Noch enen vot nicht en geit Icht men it ok tobreke 340 Dat id nummer wort spreke. We den hedde vor enen got De were wol der lude spot. Gi schullen geloven an Jhesum Crist De war got unde war minsche ist, 345 Den sin muder maget gebar Und jummer blift maget vorwar, De sulve leit dorch unse sunde An dem crucze vif wunde No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. , ^oO Dat he daran starf und wart begraven. _ , 350 Des mach men levende tuge haven ^ ■ De dit segen to der sulven stunt Dat he des dridden dages up stunt To der helle vor und de tobrach Und dat men en sedder mit uns sach 355 Vertich dage up dem ertrike Enes minschen levende gelike. , Nu merket wat ek juk sage: An dem vertigestem dage Do he mit uns at und drank 360 In der stat dama nicht lank Gink he to enem berge van dan. Beide wif unde man De segen dat he mit uns sprach Dat unser itlik vil wol sach 365 Dat he sek huf an de luchte Dat uns alien duchte Wu he siner wunderliken began. To der sulven stunde an Vur he to himmelrike Fol. 66b. 370 Uns alien sichtichlike, Dat wunder is an em geschein Dit hebbe we gehort und gesein." Do sprak de here und dat wif: "Vrowe erbarme dek over minschen lif 375 Bidde den sulven god(d)es son Dat he uns gnade wille don Unde geve uns enen erven." Se sprak: "Ek wil dat gerne werven Wultu geloven dat Jhesus Crist , ; 380 War got unde war minsche ist." He sprak: "Is dat min wille gescheit An sinem denste men mek seit." Dar na nicht over lange stunt De vrowe vant enen leven vrunt 385 In erem live ein kindelin. Se sprak : "De dach mut jummer salich sin Dat Maria gi her quam." 20I Bggert [Vol. IV Do dat er here vornam Do wart he innichliken vro, 390 To der vrowen sprak he do : "De got de uns disse gnade dut De is milde unde gut Und bewiset uns de gode sin. Ik wil dek seggen den willen min 395 Ik wil to Jherusalem varen. Dar en wil ek nicht vorsparen Ik wil dat wunder besein Alse dat is geschein. So wil ek erne bevelen tohant 400 Min lif lude gut und lant Vrowe des sc(^)altu derloven mi." Fol. 67a. "Ja", sprak se, "here ek wil aver mit di." "Nein, du schalt hir heme bliven Und de tit vroliken vordriven. 405 Du must ok unse lant bewaren Ok so mostu nicht varen Sint dat du dregest ein kint. De wege harde vreislich sint Underwikn up deme mere." 410 Se begonde wenen sere Unde sprak: "Ek segge dek, here, Wat mek also geschicht Ek en blive hinder nicht." Mit beiden armen se ene bevenk 415 Unde vaste harde an eme henk Vil dicke se ene kuste Unde druckede en an er bruste Bet dat he er gewerde Des er herte gerde. 420 Do gingen se beide dan Vor"c[e gude Marien stan. He sprak: "Ek danke der gnade din Min vrowe drecht ein kindelin. Ok here, vrowe, unsen mut : 425 Unse lif lant unde gut Dat bevele we to diner plege. No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 202 We varen water edder wage Bet to Jherusalem in de stat Dar got sin wunder gedreven hat." 430 Se sprak: "Du schalt geloven mek Alle des ek segge dek. Vare sakerliken uppe mi, Cristus schal geleiden di Fol 67b. To Jherusalem in dat lant, 435 Dar wert dek Peter bekant. Deme segge ek sende dek dar, De betekent dek al de wunder gar. Do hefte se en twe crutze up er weit [wat], De ersten de gi worden up geneit [geneget]. 440 Se sprak: "Hirmede varet god(d)e gegeven, De behode juwer beider leven." Nicht lenger se do beiden. To schepe se sek bereiden. Ere segel wunden se ho, 445 Ein westerwint quam do De se snelle brachte Bi dage unde bi nachte Verne up dat breide mer. ' Do quam ein stormweder her, 450 De dreif se wedder unde vort, De bulgen slogen over bort, De segel toreten gar, De vrowe wart missevar. Van jammer unde van leide 455 Gink se in arbeide Unde gebar an der groten not Ein kint des blef se sulven dot. \'/at dede do de nie pelegrin Do he sach de vrowen sin 460 Unde dat kint wenen began? "Owe !" sprak he "ek arme man ! Wu bin He komen to dissem schaden? Min herte is so sere vorladen Mit so rechter groter not. 465 Nu lit min leve vrowe leider dot, 263 Bggeri [Vol. IV Fol. 68a. Dat kind mut sterven, des is nicht rat Sint it nene ammen hat." He knide vor dat dode wif Unde betastede alle eren lif 470 Icht it ergen were warm. Dat kint nam he an den arm JemmerUken he it ansach. Sere wenende he do sprach : "Owe, leve kindehn 475 Ek meinde ek wolde din gevrowet sin, Nu bistu mek to schaden komen, Du best diner muder dat Hf genomen Und hest dek sulven den dot gedan Sint we dek leider nicht ammen han." [496] 480 Dat mer dat dovede sere [497] Do sprak de schiphere: [498] "Schulle we beholden unsen Hf Fol. 68b. [499] So werpe men ut dat dode wif [500] Dat mer wil nicht dodes dragen [501] 485 L,atet juwe wenen unde juwe klagen." [502] "Nana gi heren so were ek dot, [503] Latet juk derbarmen miner not [504] Unde disses klenen kindelin [505] Dat nu leider ein weise mut sin. [506] 490 Icht se lichte levenoch [507] Entholdet juk ein wenich doch." [508] Se bpreken: "Schulle we unsen lif [509] Vorlesen dorch ein dot wif [510] Dat were ein grot affenspel. ■■ [511] 495 Worumme drive we wunders so %il?" [480] Do sprak de meinheit: [481] "It si juk lef edder leit [482] Se mut varen over bort". [483] "Nena horet doch ein wort: [484] 500 Mines gudes nemet gi [485] Wu vele gi willen unde voret mi [486] To dem lande dissen lichenam." [487] Do spreken se alle ut ener stem: [488] "We wagen umme gut den lif." ' No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. ^04 [489] 505 Do vateden se dat dode wif [490] Unde eren man unde dat kindelin [491] In ein klene schepelin [492] Unde vurden se an dat lant. [493] Under enem berch den he dar vant [494] 510 Dar lede he dat wif sin [495] Unde to eren brusten dat kindelin Doch se nicht mochten beiden Dat se er ein graft bereiden. Eren mantel lede se over se. 515 Lude wenende dat he schre: 'Owe, Maria Magdalena! Wat woldestu to Marsilia To dem ungelucke min? Vorwar de schult de is din. 520 Du sedest mek van deme Criste Dar ek nicht ave ne wiste. Du redest mek to disser vart, Van diner bede min wif dragen wart, Dat were nu beter ungeboren, 525 It mut dat lif hebben vorloren Unde mut gar vorderven Unde na der muder sterven. Dat mek din bede vorworven hat Dat heft mek benomen din bose rat. 530 Gedenke dat we an dine hant Fol. 69a. Uns sulven bevolen unde unse lant. ;■ Bidde dinen beren Crist ; Icht he so weldich ist Dat he dernere dat kindelin 535 Unde der muder wolde gnedich sin". Sere wenende he er sprach : "Maria Magdalena dat ungemach Dat ek drage an dem herten min Dat mote vor dinen ogen sin". 540 Nach jammer sus sin herte rank, ' De lude togen ane sinen dank En in de barbzen nedder Unde vurden ene to schepe wedder. 205 Eggert [Vol. IV Nu merket goddes mildicheit 545 Unde Maria Magdalenen werdicheit. Got hadde gesproken dar bivorn Se hedde dat beste deil derkorn. Dat Dewisede se wol an disser stunt, Up deme lande predegede er munt, 550 Up dem mere trostede se den pelegrin Unde heit en vro unde seeker sin, Se lede den stormwint, Bi dem stade wogede se dat kint. Noch prov€t ein wunder aldermeist: 555 Des doden wives geist Heit se mit eren manne varen Unde se wil den lichnam bewaren. Sus vur mit dissem pelegrin Alle wege dat wif sin 560 Also dat se neman sach, Se sach unde horde wat men sprach. Fol 69b. Unde horet wunder alle insamen Van deme doden lichnamen, De sogede dot dat levende kint 565 Dat noch regen noch de wint Noch de rife edder de sne Dat kint bedoweden ni, Noch de hete sunnenschin Besalwede nicht de varwe sin. 570 It ne hungerde noch ne dorste Noch vorwandelde sek van vcrste. It bewarede in erer hude Maria Magdalena de vil gude. We gripen an dat mer wedder 575 Wu it unsen pelegrin sedder Up siner vart to handen ga. In koiten dagen dama Ouam he gevaren an dat lant Dar en Maria hadde gesant. 580 Ene strate gink he do De togen Jherusakm to. Dar togede he dohen. No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. ao6 Dat was al sin sin Wu he dar queme 585 Bar he Sunte Peter vomeme. Do weddergink erne ein man De en vtagen began Van wenne he were Unde wat he brochte to ainis, 590 We ene hedde in dat lant Mit deme tekene gesant. Fol. 70a. He sprak: "Dit crutze negede mek up tohant Ein vrowe de mek heft gesant Veme over se in dit lant, 595 Maria Magdalena is se genant." Do sede he eme rechte Sin lant unde sin gesk(c)hte Unde van wanne he was gekomen Unde wat schaden he hadde genomen 600 An sinem leven wive Unde an sines sulves live. Do bat he en [on] ener bede Dat he dorch got dede Unde wisede en icht he kunde 605 Dar he enen man vunde Dede were Peter genant, To deme hedde se en [on] gesant. Do sprak Sunte Peter tohant: "Unse her got heft dek hergesant, 610 Sin vrede si mit dek, Wes rechte willekomen mek. Du best wol dine vart bewant, Se heft dek to rechte gesant, Nu ne twivele du nicht 615 Wat dek si geschein edder noch geschicht, Dat kummet dek alle to gude. Wes vro an dinem mude, Icht din kint mit dinem wive Ene wile rowet an dissem live, 620 God(d)e is des nicht to vil. He mach wol schicken wan he wil ^07 ^ggeri [V°l- ^^ Dat du se seist beide gesunt, Fol. 70b. Des helpe he dek in korter stunt. He mach dine jemmercheit 625 Unde din grote herteleit Dar to din elende Bringen to enem saligen ende". He begreip en bi der hant. He sprak: "Ek bin Peter genant 630 Ik wil wesen de geselle din Dorch de[r]leven vrowen min De vil seligen Marien. Ne wil ek din nummer vortien Ek ne bringe dek wedder to er 635 Des schaltu geloven mir." He brachte en mit sek an de stat, Sunte Peter he do bat Dat he muchte sein Wat dar wunders wer geschein. 640 Do sede he erne [om] besunder De mannichvalden wunder De got bi sinen tiden dede. He wisede em alle de stede Dar he gemartert unde begraven wart 645 Unde de stede siner himmelvart Unde wur gewesen were unse her, It wer na edder ver. Dar dede he em allet kunt, Nicht eins sunder to menger stunt. 650 Sus bleif he mit erne [ein] dar Vulkomen twe jar Dat he mennich wunder sach. Enes dages Sunte Peter sprach: "Geselle du schalt to lande varen Fol. 71a. 655 Cristus sulven mute dek bewaren, De schal dek wol geleiden. Dine vrunt to lande beiden". Vroliken he ene sande Wedder heim to lande. 660 He sprak : "Ek blive bi dek nacht unde dach No. 2.] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 2c8 Dat dek nicht geschaden mach." Do he an dat schip quam , , .^ De wint den segel vor sek nam, : ,, Sus vur[t] he ii^iCht unde dach 665 Bet dort da sin wif lach. Do sufte he vil sere j Unde bat de schiplude an dem mere Dat se en vurden tohant Mit ener barbzen an dat lant. 670 "Isset dat gi dit gerne dut Juwe Ion dat schal werden gut." Vil schere dat wart gedan, Do vel[l]en se dat arbeit an Unde vorden ene an dat lant 67s Dar he ein kindelin vant Spelende allene Mit musschelen, unde stene Hadde it vele vor sek genomen. Do it de lude sach komen 680 Do begonde it sek to vlien Uppe henden unde knien Do it de lude vornam Bet it to der muder quam. j • '■ ■-, Vil balde it under den mantel kroch 685 Unde vuste an de bruste sloch. Fol. 71b. Do vorwunderde erne vil sere Wat dat vor ein kint were Unde he gink em na up dat spor Dar it gekropen was vor 690 Bet dat he to der muder quam. Do he den mantel avenam Van groter leve dat he schrach Wente se so wunnichliken lach Icht se entslapen were. 69s Do beschowede he noch mere ' Al er lif unde ere gewant ' ' Dat he so vrisch denne noch vant Dat erne nichtes nicht en war Wan alse he it lede dar. ^69 ^ggert [Vol. IV. 700 Do wolde he nemen dat kindelin, Dat henk sek an de muder sin Mit sinen kleifien armen, Des begunde en ser to erbarmen, Doch he it van er brach. 70s LefUken he it angesach Do was it also wol getan Dat se it dorch wunder segen an De dar bi eme waren, Wente se bi so korten jaren 710 Ni hedden so schone kint gesein Alse an dem kinde was geschein. Do sprak he vroliken: "[Ge]benediet si in himmelrike Jhesus Cristas goddes son 715 De sulk wunder wil don Dorch de vrundinnen sin Marien Magdalenen de vrowen min Fol. 72a. Dat he disseme kinde sin leven Bi der doden muder hat gegeven. 720 Maria vrowe min Erbarme dek over dinen pelegrin Unde bidde Crist dinen heren Dat he dek darmede wille eren Unde geve mek wedder an disser stunt 725 Min wif levendich unde gesunt. Dar en twivele ek nicht an Wultu it, dat schut wol sunder w?n, So were min vart wol bewant Unde vroliken al min leit geant". 730 He en hadde de[r] rede ni vuUenbracht Up stunt se mit vuller macht, De vrowe unde sprak darna: "Vrowe Maria Magdalena Dek heft got grote gnade gegeven, 735 Van diner gode hebbe ek min leven, Du stundest mek bi an miner not, Werestu nicht so were ek dot". Do de man dat gesach No. 2.] legend of Mary Magdalen. 2t6 Herde vroliken dat he sprach: 740 "L,evestu vil leve wif Noch lever denne mins sulves lif ?" "Ja ek, here", sprak se do, "Ek kome van der vart itto, Ik was bi dek alle wege 745 An Sunt© Maria Magdalenen plege. Alse Sunte Peter was mit dek Also was ok de gude bi mek Dat ek wol horde unde sach Wat men dede edder sprach. Fol. 72b. 750 In de stat to Jherusalem, To Nazareth, to Bethlehem Unde wur du werest hen Dar was ek de geselle din, Wat mek weddervur an dissen dagei 755 Dat kan ek dek alle wol sagen." Gar lefliken he se kuste Unde druckede se an de bruste. Bi henden se sek vengen, To dera schepe dat se gingen, 760 Vroliken voren se do, Dat volk was gelike vro, Dat got dat wunder hadde gelan Mit der vrowen unde dem man. Darna an korten stunden 765 Quemen se to lande unde vunden Volkes ein michel her Up deme stade bi dem mer. Den predigede god(d)es wort al da Maria Magdalena 770 Der appostelen appostola. Do quam unse pelegrin Unde mit em dat wif sin Unde velen vor er to vote nedder Unde stunden up unde seden er wedder 775 Allent dat en was geschein Leten se er witliken vorstein Dat anders nicht nein got were 211 Bggert [Vol. IV Wanne Jhesus Cristus, unse here. "An den gelov'ich unde min wif, 780 Beide lude lant unde unse lif Schal jummer stan to sinem bode Fol. 73a. Unde ek vordrive de afgode Wur de in minem lande sin. Ek unde alle dat volk min 785 Moten ein Cristenlevent han." Dar wenede van leva mennich man Unde loveden got der wunder sin. Unde de gude Maximin Dofte den heren unde sin wif 790 Unde darto vil mengen lif. Do kos de here to hant Twe [to] bischope over dat lant. Dit dede got unse here Dorch Sunte Maria Magdalenen ere 795 Wente se van sunden derloset ist. So erwerve se uns in korter vrist Ruwe umme unse missedat Wen se den besten deil derkoren hat. Dit sulve is dat beste blat 800 Unde dit bok ok al hir utgat. Amen. No. 2] Legend of Mary Magdalen. 212 BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following authorities and Mss. were used by me in the preparation of the edition just presented: MiGN^, Patrologia. Series Lntina, 1844-55. Especially vols. 31, 85, 92 and 15. BoLi,ANDisTORUM Acta Sanctorum. Vol. V. JuHi. 1643 — • Faii,i,on, Monuments inedits sur I'apostolat de ste. Mar.e Madeleine en Provence etc. 1865. CivARus, Iv. Geschichte des Lebens der Reliquien und des Cultus der heiligen Geschwister Marie Magd., Martha und Lazarus. 1852. Lacordaire Pere H.D. Die Heilige Maria Magdalena. (Trans.). Rabanus Maurus. De vita beatae M. M. et sororis eius s. Marthae. See Migne's Patrologia. Vol. 112, p. 1493 S. ViNCENTius BeIvLovacensis^ Speculum Historiale Lib. X. Cap. 94-102. Copied from the copy in library at Wolfen- buettel. Jacobus a Voragine^ Legenda Aurea, Graesse's edition Breslau 1890. Knoerk^ Otto. Untersuchungen iiber die me. Maria Magdalen- enlegende. Ms. 108 Laud. 1886. Haupt Joseph. Wiener Sitzungsberichte 69-170 flf. and 70- loi ff. Discussion of Das Veterbuch. MicHAUD, Biographie Universelle, for life of Vincent. Vol. 43. ButeER, Pierce. Legenda Aurea etc. 1899. Johns Hop- kins U. dissertation. Echard et QuETiE. Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum. Paris 1719. GERMAN VERSIONS IN VERSE. Das altdeutsche Passional, Karl A. Hahn. 1857. Vienna Codex 2841 contains the Alemannic version incomplete. Karlsruhe Codex (St. Georgen) 66 is a portion of the preceding with slight variants. The Weingartner Ms.in Stuttgart is identical with the Passional. Vienna Codex 2862, folia 106- 113. 1434 A. D. Berlin Codex 245. See Zeitschrift f. d. Altertum XIX-159 if. and Anzeiger f d. Altertum VI-iii. 213 Bggert [Vol. IV PROSE. Helmstedt Codex 1392, fol. iso^-ise. In festo conversionis beale marie etc. Helm. Cod. 1234, fol. 279=-283. Low German sermon on virginity of M. M. etc. Follows Legenda Aurea. Helm. Cod. 317. All miracles, how Germ.an. A. D. 1472. Helm. Cod. 1172. Psalternm beat. M. JNI. Latin. Brunswick Incunabulum 127, A. D. 1499. Low German. Very short. Berlin Folio 761. 233''-239*. High German. From Legenda Aurea. Hannover Codex 239. Van .unite Maria Magdalenen bekerynghe etc. Berlin Codex 261. Niederrheinisch. cf. Anzeiger fiir Kunde d. Altertums V. 255, 337. Helm. Codex 237. De virginitate M. M. Brunswick Incunabulum 105 Laudes Mariae. Brunswick Incunabulum 127. Augustan Ms. I. C. Calendarium. Brunswick Cod. loi. isth cent. ISo''-I53^ Latin sermon. Munich Codices 4617, B. 117 and Tegernsee 220. Latin. FRENCH VERSIONS. GuiLLAUMB i.e Clerc db Normandie. Boehmer's Roma- nische Studien IV 523-536. See C. Chabaneau in Revue des Langues Romanes. X. XL XII. XIII. XIV. and XV. ENGLISH VERSIONS. HoRSTMANN, Altenglische Legenden 1881. N.F. Einleitung 58. HoRSTMANN. Barbour's Legendensammlung, 1881. p. 123. OsBERN BoKBNAM. Lcgcndcn, Horstmann, Altenglische Bibl. Kolbing. 1883. Legend of M. M. p. 126 if. PuRNiVAti,, F. J. The Digby Mysteries. Shakespeare Society. 1896. Especially pages 98-130. Horstmann. The Barly South English Legendary or Lives of Saints. Ms. 108 Laud. 1887. Pages 462-480. Abbotsford Club. Edinburgh I. 62-164. (1834-5). Same as FURNIVALL. No. 2 Legend of Mary Magdalen. 214 Robinson, Thomas. Life and Death of M. M. Ed. by H. O. Sommer. 1887. ZupiTZA, Jutius. Herrig's Archiv. XCI-207. Das Leben der H. Maria Mag. in me. Prosa, etc. From Legenda Aurca. LINGUISTIC. H. Paul's Grundriss der germ. Philologie. 1893. lyUEBBEN, A. Mnd. Grammatik 1882. TuEMPEt, H. Niederdeutsche Studien. 1898. Hoi