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CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 FROM 
 
 S . H . Burnham 
 
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 Publishers of The Dai lV, '^UND/\Y & V?EEI\LY (ou 1^1 E R .' '''' \ 
 
THE 
 
 Industries of Buffalo 
 
 A RESUME OF THE 
 
 Mercantile and Manufacturing Progress 
 
 OF THE 
 
 QUEEN CITY^thFLAKES, 
 
 TOGETHER WITH A 
 
 CONDENSED SUMMARY OF HER MATERIAL 
 DEVELOPMENT AND HISTORY 
 
 AND A 
 
 SERIES OF COMPREHENSIVE SKETCHES 
 
 OF HER 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS HOUSES. 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 THE ELSTNER PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
 
 1887. 
 
 Digitized byWicrosoft® 
 
n 
 
 OUR ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Buffalo boasts of many costly and imposing buildings, public and private, devoted to a 
 variety of purposes. The most conspicuous examples of architectural embellishment are the 
 City and County HaU (shown on page 6), the Buffalo Library and Art BuUding (page 18), and 
 the new Music Hall (page 58). Some description of these fine structures will not be out of 
 place here. 
 
 BUFFAI/O LiBRABT AND ART BUILDING. 
 
 This fine structure may well be called the pride of Buffalo. The building forms an 
 irregular triangle, the apex of which fronts on Washington street and the base on ElUcott 
 street, the two long sides facing — main front on Broadway 300 feet, rear front on Clinton 
 street 200 feet. The edifice is of Hulberton red sandsone, brick and terra cotta, with red 
 slate roof, and is fire-proof throughout. Including the ground, the entire cost was about 
 $350,795. Work was commenced in September of 1884, and the finishing touches will be 
 added this spring. It was, however, formally opened February 7th, and is occupied by the 
 Buffalo Library Association, the Buffalo Historical Society, the Buffalo Academy of Fine 
 Arts, and the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. All of the main floor and a portion of the 
 second are devoted to the library, the arrangements being of the most perfect kind, with a 
 capacity for 170,000 volumes, the association now owning 57,000 volumes. The basement, 
 on a level with Ellicott street by reason of the descending grade, is the home of the Society 
 of Natural Sciences. That portion of the second floor not required for library purposes is 
 occupied by the Fine Arts Academy, and the third floor by the Buffalo Historical Society. 
 AU in all, the building is one of the most substantial and. elegant ever erected for the purpose, 
 and a credit to the Library Association and the city. The Association was organized in 1836 ; 
 present oflBcers : President, Jewett M. Richmond; treasurer, John L. WiUiams; curator, 
 Herbert P. Bissell; directors. Prank F. Williams, Charles A. Pooley, Porter Norton, E. 
 Coming Townsend ; real estate commissioner, Charles D. Marshall ; superintendent, Josephus 
 N. Lamed. 
 
 Bttpfalo Music Hall. 
 
 This handsome new edifice, to be completed during the summer of 1887, is the property 
 of the Gterman Young Men's Association, and was erected to replace the former Music HaU, 
 built in 1882-83, and burned March 25, 1885. The work of restoration was begun in August, 
 1885, and the comer-stone laid May 31, 1886. The dimensions are, 190 feet front by 260 feet 
 deep; style, romanesque; cost, about $200,000. The front is of red sandstone, the rear and 
 side walls of brick. The Main-street front will contain grand entrance ways ; on the 
 ground floor will be located a drug-store or confectionery, library, restaurant, bowling alley 
 and banquet-room; on the second floor a small music hall (seating capacity, 1,130), assembly- 
 rooms, singing society quarters, offices, etc. In the rear is the grand music hall (seating 
 capacity, 5,100), dressing-rooms, etc. The society was originally organized in 1841, and 
 incorporated in 1846. 
 
 The City and County Hall, 
 
 built at a cost of $1,400,000, and dedicated in March, 1876, is of granite, with a tower con- 
 taining an electrical illuminated clock, and is adorned with four representative statues. It is 
 three stories high, not including a finished basement, and furnishes quarters for all the city 
 and county officers as well as the courts. 
 
 CopTRioHTSD, 1887, Prksb of 
 
 ET THE THE COUEIEH COMPANY, 
 
 BLSTNHR PUBLISHING COMPANY. BuprALO, N. Y. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
PRBKACE. 
 
 IN preparing bhe historical chapters of this work, and those treating 
 of the commerce and material interests of BufEalo, the editor has been 
 guided by a regard for plain facts plainly stated in concise and intelligible 
 terms rather than by afiectation of a florid style. As a result that 
 department of "The In-dustries of Buffalo" will be found a mine 
 of valuable information such, we belieye, as has never before been crystal- 
 ized into so brief a space for the instruction and entertainment of those 
 already interested, or whom it may be desirable to interest in the Queen 
 City of the Lakes, her varied resources, attractions and advantages as a 
 place of residence and of business. 
 
 Necessarily our space is limited, and matters of minor importance have 
 as a rule either received only cursory attention or have been passed by in 
 silence as having no bearing upon the subject in hand. At the same time 
 we must confess that Buffalo offers a most inviting field for the exercise of 
 literary talent, there being ample material here both of fact and legend to 
 employ the pens of historian and novelist for years to come. 
 
 In this connection we desire to publicly tender our acknowledgments for 
 favors and assistance to those obliging and public-spirited citizens who have 
 extended to us that aid and encouragement without which our efforts must 
 have come to naught. Conspicuous among these are ex-President Wright 
 and Secretary Thurstone, of the Merchants' Exchange; President Sweet, of 
 the Third National Bank; Barnes, Hengerer & Co., Geo. W. TifEt, Sons & 
 Co., Root & Keating, Walbridge & Co., John F. Monlton, David S. Bennett, 
 Alonzo Eichmond, John Wilkeson, P. P. Pratt, W. "W. "Walker, Frederick 
 W. Bell, Cosack & Co., The Courier Company, and many others. 
 
 With these few prefatory remarks we submit the result of our labors to 
 an indulgent public, and hope the reader may enjoy its perusal as well as 
 we have its compilation. 
 
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CONTE NTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 OOR Illtjstratioks 2 
 
 The Past 7-16 
 
 The Present 17-24 
 
 The Press 25-29 
 
 Meuchakts' Exchange 30-32 
 
 Railroads 38-38 
 
 Commerce 39—50 
 
 The Grain Trade 51-56 
 
 The Erie Canal 57-65 
 
 Utilizing Niagara 66-71 
 
 Representative Houses 72-258 
 
 Index 259-262 
 
 Advertisements 263-376 
 
 PROMINENT ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Niagara Falls 4 
 
 City and County Hall 6 
 
 The Buffalo Library 18 
 
 New Government Building 24 
 
 Merchants' Exchange. , 30 
 
 Great Water Route (Map) 39 
 
 International Bridge 50 
 
 Music Hall 58 
 
 The Genesee Hotel 65 
 
 Buffalo German Insurance Co.'s Building 71 
 
 Barnes, Hengerer & Co.'s Great Iron Block 72 
 
 Richmond Elevator 80 
 
 Niagara Elevator 89 
 
 CosACK & Co.'s Lithographic Establishment 94 
 
 Frontier Elevator 108 
 
 Exchange Elevator 117 
 
 Richmond Block 122 
 
 City and Tifft Elevators 162 
 
 Brush Electric Light Co.'s Works 186 
 
 Buffalo Wood Vulcanizing Co.'s Works 218, 219, 220 
 
 Bennett Elevator 223 
 
 Associated Elevators 250, 252 
 
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THK PAST. 
 
 ABORIGINAL OCCUPANTS— ADVENT OF THE WHITE MAN- 
 SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 &REAT cities are never the result of accident, but invariably the out- 
 growth of natural and artificial conditions clearly defined and un- 
 questionable in their existence and influences. The most important 
 natural conditions are salubrity of climate, convenient geographical loca- 
 tion, fertility of soil in the adjacent agricultural region, and, above all, 
 accessibility to navigable waters — for all history bears witness that no rich, 
 populous and prosperous community has ever flourished and grown power- 
 ful without commerce, and, hitherto at least, commerce has always been 
 dependent upon riparian communication with the outside world. In all of 
 these things Buffalo has been and is peculiarly blessed. Her climate is a 
 delightful one at all seasons, the excessive heats of summer and killing 
 blasts of winter so much dreaded by the inhabitants of less favored regions 
 being almost unknown, as are also the sudden and dangerous changes of 
 temperature common to most latitudes. Mr. Alonzo Richmond, a leading 
 citizen, who for many years has been a close student of the weather, recently 
 said : " Buffalo has a remarkably fine climate as compared with some inland 
 localities, and it is not generally known how much we owe to our geograph- 
 ical position. We are located at the foot of Lake Erie, which is immediately 
 southwest of us, and as the prevailing winds in this latitude are from the 
 southwest, we have, even in summer, moderately cool weather, and the same 
 conditions modify our climate in winter. The lake, once it is thoroughly 
 warmed, takes some time to cool, and it is only in the latter end of the 
 winter season, or the early spring, that we have anything like severe 
 weather. Probably no city in the Union has a more equable climate, or one 
 where the seasons glide more imperceptibly into each other. Our coldest 
 winds are from the northeast, but our climate is cooler in summer and 
 milder in winter than that of either Cleveland or Chicago. And why ? 
 Because they receive their winds over land; we receive ours tempered by a 
 sheet of water. I maintain that for manufacturing as well as for residence 
 purposes no city on this continent is more favorably situated than Buffalo. 
 Rarely do we hear of a case of sunstroke in this city, and we never have a 
 zero temperature in winter to extend over many successive days. Both east 
 and west of us the climate is much more severe. At Albany. Syracuse, and 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OB BUFFALO. 
 
 south as far as Binghamton, they have colder weather than we. From our 
 geographical position we ai'e also free from cyclones. Ourselves about 600 
 feet above sea level, we are protected by the hills southwest of us at Chau- 
 tauqua, at least 1,200 feet above the level of the sea. Lake Erie is, I be- 
 lieve, about 300 feet higher than Lake Ontario. Well, a cyclone or whirl- 
 wind needs a level country, needs to have a free circuit, but any breeze com- 
 ing around from the lake necessarily strikes the Chautauqua hills, which 
 break the force of the wind and send it harmlessly over oar heads. Winds 
 coming around by Lake Ontario are also broken by the hills intervening 
 between Ontario and Lake Erie. That is my explanation of why the 
 devastating winds that play such havoc in other places are not experienced 
 in Buffalo. We have occasionally, it is true, a pretty high wind, giving us 
 high water for a while, but the force of our winds is no greater than the 
 average of cities in this latitude. With her fine supply of pure "Niagara 
 water, Buffalo ought to be one of the cleanest, as she is one of the healthiest 
 of American cities. In 1873 the wind's velocity in this city aggregated 
 76,555 miles, as against 87,921 for New York, 86,120 for Phitadelphia, 
 86,760 for Chicago, and 79,766 for Cleveland." 
 
 Sergeant Cuthbertson of the signal service says the average rainfall is not 
 more than thirty-seven to forty inches for the year. The lowest temperature 
 since 1870 in Buffalo was 13.5 below zero on January 25, 1884, and the next 
 lowest was 13 below on February 9, 1875. The maximum temperature in 
 1873 was 85.5, and in 1886 it was 86.7, showing but little difference in the 
 character of the summers. Rarely does the summer temperature of Buffalo 
 go into the nineties. There are but two instances of this on record during 
 the past sixteen years, viz. : June 30, 1878, when the mercury rose to 92, 
 and August 28, 1881, when it reached 90.8. 
 
 Her location from a commercial point of view, midway between the 
 teeming East and the productive West, is a source of constant self- 
 gratulation on the part of those who are so fortunate as to live and do 
 business here. No more fertile or productive region exists than that com- 
 prised in the counties composing Western New York, while the vast iron, 
 coal, oil and natural gas resources of Western Pennsylvania and the broad 
 grain fields of Ontario lie at her very doors. Stretching away to the south- 
 west glitter the blue waters of Lake Brie, of which she holds the key and 
 through which she reaches by means of her fleets of steam and sailing ves- 
 sels the heart of the golden Northwest, the granary of the world. She is 
 the natural outlet for the ores, lumber, wheat, barley, corn and provisions 
 of half the continent on their way to the Atlantic and a market, and so 
 wisely has she exercised her prerogatives in this matter that, notwithstand- 
 ing unfair discrimination on the part of various railroad lines and the 
 industrious jealousy of rival ports, she continues to maintain her supremacy 
 at this end of the lakes, and if the State Legislature were half as much 
 interested in developing the best interests of the State as they are in party 
 politics, Buffalo would to-day be the most important grain port in the world. 
 Further along, under the head of "The Grain Trade," this subject is 
 treated more at length. 
 
 A HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 
 
 As long ago as 1620 the French missionaries who penetrated the Canadian 
 wilds as far as Lake Erie found this entire region occupied by warlike tribes 
 of aborigines, the most powerful of whom were the Mohawks, Cayugas, Onon- 
 
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TEE INBUaTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 dagas, Oneidas and Senecas, the latter the strongest, most crafty and am- 
 bitious, and through whose influence the famous confederation known as the 
 Five Nations was organized, further strengthened at a later period by the 
 accession of the Tonawandas. The Six Nations held almost undisputed 
 sway until the French had established a chain of military and trading posts 
 extending from Montreal via Detroit to St. Louis and down the Mississippi 
 to New Orleans, when the jealousy of England at last, in 1756, precipitated 
 a war in which the Indians, much against their wishes, were persuaded to 
 take up arms and aid in the conquest of their original friends, the French. 
 This act, however, proved the destruction of Indian supremacy hereabout, 
 for the English at once occupied both Canada and New York and ruled 
 the savages with a rod of iron, varied only by occasional bloody outbreaks 
 which were quelled, the last one occurring in 1763, when an army train was 
 ambushed by a band of Senecas, a few miles below the falls, and the entire 
 escort of ninety-six men killed with the exception of four. The redskins 
 took no important part in the revolution, and in 1779-80 most of the 
 Senecas settled about four miles up BufEalo creek and engaged in agricul- 
 ture. Some ten years later the first actual white settler of Erie county 
 located at the mouth of Buffalo creek, about where Washington street now 
 ends, and began trading with the Indians. He was a Hollander named 
 Winne, and to him unquestionably belongs the honor of founding the city 
 of Buffalo. 
 
 Previous to this time Robert Morris, the celebrated revolutionary financier, 
 had become possessed, by purchase from the Indians, of vast tracts of lands 
 in this vicinity, including fifty-nine square miles lying within the present 
 limits of Erie county, and upon which now stands this splendid city, which 
 cost the old patriot just one-third of a cent per acre. Two square miles, 
 however, now lying in the heart of the city, had previously been ceded by 
 the Senecas to a Lieutenant Johnson of the British army, who had 
 joined the Senecas at their settlement on Buffalo creek and married a 
 squaw. These lauds were afterward purchased by the famous Holland 
 Land Company, Johnson accepting in part payment forty acres bounded by 
 Buffalo creek, Washington, Seneca and Michigan streets. This Holland 
 Land Company (which, by the way, never was incorporated) was composed of 
 Hollanders, whose American agents negotiated the purchase of about four- 
 fifths of Morris' holdings, the Indian titles being finally extinguished in 1797 
 and the property being known long after as the " Holland Purchase." The 
 actual owners being aliens, an act was passed by the Legislature in 1798 to 
 enable them to hold the property in their own names. They were thirteen 
 in number, and their plan of operations in respect of sales was cautious and 
 complicated in the extreme, requiring the individual signature of each mem- 
 ber to all deeds of transfer, the last survivor only having the right to devise 
 by will what might remain. Terms of payment on purchases were made so 
 lenient that at last when claims were pressed the occupants rebelled and 
 serious troubles ensued. All difficulties were, however, finally smoothed 
 away, probably by mutual concessions, and all just titles confirmed. Joseph 
 Ellicott, brother of the then Surveyor-General of the United States, was em- 
 ployed by the Holland Land Company as surveyor, and to him is due the 
 blame or praise of the city's odd topography, which was not original with 
 him, but copied to a great extent from the curious plan of Washington city. 
 He had sufficient penetration, however, to perceive the advantages of the 
 location, and in 1803 made the plat from which the city has grown. Pre- 
 yiously the hamlet had been called, first. Lake Erie, later Buffalo Creek, but, 
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10 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 by authority as representative of the owners, Ellicott rechristened it New 
 Amsterdam, which clung to the place like a Dutch nightcap until 1810, 
 when the present name was adopted and legalized by the General Assembly 
 of the State. Ellicott was a queer bundle of qualities — at once a man of 
 common sense and eccentric to a degree, republican and democratic in 
 theoi'y and aristocratic and imitative in practice, original and servile, wise 
 and ridiculous, as may be supposed from the peculiar and labyrinthine plan 
 of his city and his personal notions. It is related of him that he reserved 
 to himself a large piece of ground with its chief front in the centre of the 
 town, from which three of the principal streets radiated, named Vollenhoven 
 avenue, Stadnitski avenue and Schimmelpeunick avenue, but now known 
 by the more euphonious names of Erie street, Church street and 
 Niagara street. This ground comprised one hundred acres, and had a semi- 
 circular boundary in the central part of the western side, as was well said, 
 like a mighty bay window. Here Mr. Ellicott expected to build his palace, 
 and enjoy his look-out over the great avenues after they should be lined with 
 splendid buildings and become the marts of trade or the abodes of fashion. All 
 this was done in 1803, when there were only about thirty-five families in the 
 village, and exhibits either a most extraordinary foresight in Ellicott or else 
 something akin to insanity. Happily, though the city has had to endure 
 the perpetuation of most of this old-time crank's queer ideas in the matter 
 of intricate streets and catty-cornered open spaces, his palace never was 
 built, and the town authorities in 1809 took the bull by the horns and 
 straightened Main street without regard to Ellicott's bay-window. Eeform 
 seems to have stopped there, however, and nothing short of a second edition 
 of the Chicago fire will ever make way for a reconstruction of the manu- 
 facturing district and its remodeling upon a basis of convenience and com- 
 mon sense. In view of the foregoing it is not surprising to learn that five 
 years after Ellicott resigned his direction of the Holland Land Company's 
 interests, and the consequent loss of his only special claim to consideration 
 as the leading spirit of this section, he became a melancholy misanthrope 
 and ended his career by suicide in 1826. 
 
 By special act of the Legislature in 1807 Buffalo, then a village of 
 scarcely more than forty houses, mostly log, was made the seat of justice of 
 Erie county, conditional upon the ceding of half an acre of ground and the 
 erection of a court-house and jail thereon within three years by the Holland 
 Land Company. The proposition was accepted, and the close of 1809 saw 
 a comfortable frame temple of justice and stone prison completed and ready 
 for occupation, on a half acre of ground on Onondaga (Washington) street. 
 Pending the erection of these buildings the courts of common pleas and 
 general sessions were held at Landon's tavern, which stood upon the corner 
 of Exchange and Main streets. The conveyance of the court-house, jail and 
 lot to the county supervisors is dated November 10, 1810, and here Mr. 
 Ellicott got in his fine work again, the plot of ground, surveyed by him, 
 being in the form of a perfect circle, with the centre located exactly in the 
 middle of Washington street. 
 
 The first mechanic known to have located here was Asa Ransom, who 
 came in 1796, a silversmith. He made every description of rude ornaments 
 for the Indians, and obtained great influence over them. He afterward re- 
 moved to Clarence Hollow, where he kept a tavern under the auspices of the 
 Holland Land Company, and also engaged in farming, raising the first regu- 
 lar crops in that vicinity. He was an energetic and capable man, and by 
 1807 had risen to the i)Osition^ of JieutensttLttcolonel , of the Erie county 
 
TEE INBUaTBIES OF BUFFALO. 11 
 
 militia, in which capacity he gave such satisfaction that he was appointed 
 sheriff in 1808, again in 1812, and for the third time in 1816. Another con- 
 spicuous figure of those times was Dr. Oyrenius Ohapin, who came from 
 Oneida county in 1803, and was the first to practice the healing art as a 
 profession in Erie county. Besides being an excellent physician the doctor 
 was an enterprising, bold, impetuous man, a born leader, and popular with 
 his fellow-citizens. He it was who organized and led the night expedition 
 of boats from this side which in October, 1812, cut out and captured two 
 armed British vessels lying at anchor off Fort Erie. Two Americans were 
 killed and five wounded, while the British loss was seventy-one. Some forty 
 American soldiers, captured at the River Eaisin, were recaptured, and the 
 vessels brought safely to this side of the river. It was a brilliant achieve- 
 ment, and all engaged in it acquitted themselves most creditably. The next 
 year Dr. Chapin was appointed sheriff, a position which he resigned to 
 accept a commission as lieutenant-colonel of militia, serving with distinction 
 until his capture by the British at the time of the burning of Buffalo. He 
 was kept a prisoner in Canada for a year or more, returning upon the resto- 
 ration of peace, when he took an active part in the rebuilding and advance- 
 ment of the town, never relaxing his interest in all that concerned her 
 welfare until the hour of his death, in 1839. Many other noble men made 
 their way to Buffalo in those early days of the century, and we have been thus 
 particular in our reference to Mr. Ransom and Dr. Chapin because they were 
 typical pioneers and good examples of the earnest, brave and energetic class 
 who rescued this now rich and powerful section from the wilderness and 
 caused it to blossom as the rose. 
 
 The Buffalo Gazette, the pioneer newspaper, was first issued in October, 
 1811, and unquestionably exercised great influence in the development of 
 the town for many years, discussing questions of public policy with great 
 ability, encouraging the struggling citizens, urging public improvements, 
 and carrying to distant centers of civilization the news of the frontier and 
 a cordial invitation to the young, the strong, the skillful and the hopeful to 
 come hither and help in the work of erecting a commercial and industrial 
 metropolis. The breaking out of tbe war of 1812 interrupted the progress 
 of affairs ior some years, but the good seeds already sown sprang up with 
 the return of peace and the resumption of peaceful avocations. The pub- 
 lic schools, established in 1811, were re-opened as soon as suitable provision 
 could be made, manufactures, ship-building and all the useful arts were 
 fostered, and an era of unexampled prosperity followed the withdrawal of 
 the opposing armies. It is interesting, however, to note the part taken by 
 Buffalo and Western and Northern New York in that memorable struggle, 
 several of the fiercest fights on the northern frontier having taken place 
 within hearing distance of the then village, and at least one — the successful 
 defense of Fort Erie by an American garrison — within sight of the excited 
 citizens. The battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane were fought on the 
 Canada side of the Niagara river, between Buffalo and the falls, and in 
 both the American arms were successful. As before stated, however, Buf- 
 falo was burned to the ground, with the exception of the jail and two 
 residences, December 30, 1813, a strong force of British regulars and 
 Indians having crossed at Black Rock the previous night with that object. 
 The militia, under Lieut.-Col. Chapin, made an ineffectual resistance, but 
 most of them escaped, carrying with them a portion of the government 
 stores. Rebuilding was commenced in 1815. 
 
 The village had been chartered in April of 1813, but it was found neces- 
 
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12 THE mnUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 sary to secure a new charter, which was obtained April 5, 1816, and from 
 that time dates tlie real growth of the place, which was truly wonderful for 
 those times. A pier was built and the harbor formally opened to commerce 
 in 1823, a third charter having been granted the previous yeai-. The citi- 
 zens were fully awake to the advantages of the place as related to navigation, 
 and cheerfully contributed of their means for the removal of the bar and 
 the permanent maintenance of harbor facilities — a work in which they were 
 in later years aided by liberal appropriations by Congress. 
 
 In 1822 Millard Fillmore, a Cayuga county farm lad, who had served an 
 apprenticeship to the tailoring business, arrived here. He had already made 
 some progress in the study of law, and devoted himself to the profession, 
 teaching school to maintain himself meanwhile. In 1828 he was elected to 
 the Legislature, again in 1829, and again in 1830. He was afterward 
 elected thrice to Congress, in 1832, in 1835 and in 1838. In 1847 he was 
 made State Comptroller, and in 1849 nominated for the vice-presidency on 
 the ticket with Zachary Taylor. 'J'he Whigs were victorious, but in July 
 (Seneral Taylor died, and Mr. Fillmore became President. His administra- 
 tion was marked by conservatism throughout, the most exciting event being 
 the passage and approval of the famous fugitive slave law — a piece of legis- 
 lation that unquestionably had a mighty bearing in a passive way upon the 
 subsequent history of the country — the organization of the Eepublican party, 
 the Kansas troubles, the John Hrown raid into Virginia, secession, the great 
 civil war, and emancipation. Mr. Fillmore returned to Buffalo upon the 
 inauguration of his successor, James Buchanan, and resumed the practice 
 of law, enjoying the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens generally 
 up to the lime of his death, March 8, 1875. 
 
 The most remarkable Buffalonian of his time — early in the '30s — was 
 Benjamin Rathbun, who made his debut here as proprietor of the Eagle 
 Tavern. He was mentally constructed somewhat on the order of Law of 
 South Sea bubble notoriety, and had visions of wealth and grandeur such as 
 few men have ever entertained. He was full of enterprise, but the story 
 of his operations reads like a chapter from the "Arabian J^ights." He 
 speculated in lands upon a vast scale, planned mammoth improvements, 
 and had the rare faculty of interesting others in his ill-advised ventures. 
 Mr. Howells writes of him : " One of his buildings, of which he actually 
 laid the foundation, was a vast hotel and exchange (on the very spot that 
 Joseph Ellieott had reserved for himself, whereon to erect his mansion, at 
 the time of laying out the town), which was to occupy the whole square be- 
 tween Main, North and South Division and Washington streets, the rotunda 
 of which was to be 260 feet high. This hotekwasto stand opposite the 
 churches, where the three grand avenues, Erie, Church and Niagara streets, 
 give a character of imperial magnificence to the view. Rathbun also laid 
 out a great city at Niagara Falls, the lots of which were to be sold at 
 auction, the sale to continue as many days as might be necessary to dispose 
 of them all. This was in 1836, when the flush times were at their height, 
 but in the midst of the sale he was ai'rested on the charge of committing 
 some stupendous forgeries on a Philadelphia capitalist. When confronted 
 by his victim he confessed that those were not a tithe of what he had per- 
 petrated. He had been going on for years in this business, taking up one 
 set of forged notes, as they became due, by the substitution of another set of 
 forged notes. All his building projects were immediately dropped, biit the 
 workmen received their pay, though it absorbed nearly" the whole of the 
 assets of the estate. Rathbun was brought to trial, convicted and sentenced 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 13 
 
 to five years in the State prison. After serving his full time he took up his 
 old business of hotel keeping in New York city, and again became com- 
 paratively a rich man. The panic in Buffalo occasioned by the disastrous 
 termination of Rathbun's enterprises, and the destruction of confidence be- 
 tween man and man, brought on a condition of hard times here without 
 a parallel either before or since; even the long season of depression com- 
 mencing with 1873 was trifling as compared with it. Rathbun may then 
 well be characterized as the evil genius of the place." 
 
 So far as Buffalo's material intei-estsare concerned, the year 1835 was the 
 greatest she ever saw. A former historian writes : " That year marked the 
 completion of the Erie canal — Dewitt Clinton's monument — a work that 
 did more for the future of the place than any one thing ever attempted 
 since. Nearly twenty years before (1807), the great project of uniting the 
 Atlantic with the lakes was discussed, but the country was yet too new and 
 too poor to plunge into such a mighty work. The idea, however, that such 
 was possible gradually gained strength. It took ten years, though, from 
 its first inception till ground was broken for what proved to be one of the 
 most important works of internal improvement that had up to that time 
 been made in any country. Governor De Witt Clinton, the acknowledged 
 champion of the scheme, gave it untiring support, and succeeding in 
 removing all obstacles, although its enemies were earnest in opposing it. 
 For a long time it remained undecided where its western terminus should 
 be placed, as Buffalo and Black Rock were about equally divided in their 
 advantages and disadvantages. At length it was ascertained that the harbor 
 of Buffalo could be satisfactorily improved in depth and safety, and the 
 canal was ordered to terminate there. At the time of the opening, in 1835, 
 it was generally known as the Grand canal, but shortly afterward it became 
 known as the Erie canal. At this time Buffalo contained a population of 
 2,412, but the opening of the gates of the canal at once gave its progress 
 a new vigor. The canal became the m?dium of shipment between the 
 rapidly settling West and the East, and as Buffalo was the western entry 
 port to the great highway, it naturally increased in population, resulting in 
 the census of 1830 showing that there were 8,668 inhabitants within the 
 town limits. On every hand evidences of advancement were manifest, and 
 people poured in until the numbers made the reorganization of the village 
 necessary. A city charter was applied for, and the act incorporating the 
 city of Buffalo was passed April 20, 1832, which divided the city into five 
 wards. The charter provided for the formation of a common council, con- 
 sisting of two members from each ward, who elected the mayor, which this 
 body continued to do until 1840, since which time he has been elected by 
 the people. The mayor acted as president of the council, and so continued 
 until 1853, at which date the charter was revised, Black Rock annexed, and 
 the council empowered to elect one of their own body as president. The 
 city, being then greatly enlarged, was redistricted and divided into thirteen 
 wards, with two members of council from each, said members being the 
 board of aldermen. The city was now placed upon a substantial foundation, 
 and the future looked bright and prospei'ous. Buffalo, in common with all 
 industrial and commercial communities, suffered severely from the panic of 
 1837, but, like other enterprising towns, gradually recovered from its effects 
 and became more bustling and prosperous than ever." 
 
 In 1842 the grain elevator was first adapted to steam povFer and applied 
 to the unloading of lake vessels and canal-boats by Joseph Dart, a fuller 
 
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14 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 account of which revolution of methods will be found in our chapter 
 entitled "The Grain Trade." 
 
 In 1847 it became evident that the harbor accommodations were becom- 
 ing daily more and more inadequate to the rapidly increasing demands of 
 an expanding commerce, consequent upon Western development. Hon. 
 George W. Clinton writes that in this emergency all classes, regardless of 
 party and private ends, concurred in sanctioning an enlarged system of 
 improvement, which when completed would sufiRce for the ever-expanding 
 commerce of a century to come. This system, having been carefully 
 matured by a joint committee of the citizens and of the common council, 
 was adopted at a general meeting of the citizens on the 31st and by the 
 council on the 24th of August, 1847. The plan contemplated primarily the 
 completion by the State of the Main and Hamburg Street canal, and two 
 large basins, the Ohio and the Erie, with slips connecting them with the 
 canal, the Ohio basin to have an area of ten acres, and to be connected with 
 the Buffalo creek about a mile from the mouth ; the Erie basin to be three 
 hundred feet wide and a half mile in length, extending from the north side 
 of the entrance of the harbor toward Black Rock — both to be of a depth 
 sufficient for the largest craft. The State made appropriation for the exe- 
 cution of these great works contingent upon the city's extinguishing the 
 individual titles to the necessary lands, which was done, and contracts were 
 immediately let and active operations at once begun upon a series of improve- 
 ments that when completed more than quadrupled the shipping capacity of 
 the wharves. The succeeding ten years were the most active Buffalo had 
 ever seen, and trade and manufactures, navigation and railroad building 
 flourished. Elevators, factories, mills, mercantile blocks, residences, 
 churches and school-houses went up as by magic, and the proud and 
 ambitious city became the intra-continental and international metropolis to 
 which all eyes were directed. Fleets of splendid steameis and sailing craft 
 bi'ought to her doors the teeming products of the West, whicli were from 
 here transferred by canal and rail to the seaboard, the returning trains and 
 boats bringing machinery and manufactured goods in a thousand forms for 
 transportation to consumers in the forests of Indiana or the prairies of Illi- 
 nois, and for the use of pioneers further west. Buffalo held the key to the 
 only great artery of trade, and levied a legitimate tribute upon all that 
 passed. Her population grew at an amazing rate. The increase is thus 
 stated from official figures, beginning with 18-30, when the census showed 
 8,668 residents; 1835, 15,661; 1840,18,213; 1845,29,773; 1850,42,261; 
 1855, 74,414. The receipts of western grain for 1850 aggregated 6,000,000 
 bushels ; for 1855, 20,000,000 bushels, and business in all lines partook of 
 the same wonderful augmentation in a greater or less degree. 
 
 The period from 1855 to 1860 was the most depressing that has ever 
 overtaken Buffalo. The panic of 1857 was ruinous in its consequences to 
 many of her most energetic and enterprising men, and trade and manufac- 
 tures were paralyzed. The railroads were gradually absorbing the carrying 
 trade when the completion of the canal enlargement again opened that 
 grand artery, and aided more than any other one cause in the restoration of 
 confidence and the resuscitation of public spirit — the inauguration of an era 
 of prosperity which continued, with a temporai-y check at the beginning of 
 the great civil war, up to the tremendous financial panic of 1873, and from 
 which Buffalo, already dependent upon railroads and manufactures for her 
 business welfare, was one of the severest of sufferers. She had but little 
 more than recovered fi'o^/(J^^e^g<j^f\^^(Ji^^(giege of adversity when the 
 
THE INDUSTRIBS OP BUFFALO. 15 
 
 last season of business depression, lasting from 1880 to 1884, began, but her 
 merchants, financiers, manufacturers, shippers and industrial classes gener- 
 ally had learned much in the past ; they were prudent, conservative and 
 cautious, and Buffalo was among the first of progressive communities 
 to feel and profit by the returning tide of healthful business activity that 
 has characterized the past two years and presents such hopeful prospects 
 for the future. 
 
 The war period was one rather of political excitement than of material 
 progress, yet Buffalo made considerable advances in population and wealth, 
 besides contributing generously of men and means for the preservation of 
 the Union. But in all the past, wonderful as has been her progress at 
 times, Buffalo has never given such evidences of substantial growth and 
 improvement as during the last semi-decade, and more particularly within 
 the two or three years just concluded, the building operations for 1886 
 involving an outlay of not less than $5,00(i,000, with which street exten- 
 sion and improvements necessarily kept pace. Keferring to this latter phase 
 of improvement, the Express of January 9, 1887, says : " There were 
 opened since January 1, 1886, 13,162 lineal feet of streets. That is to 
 say, the legal proceedings taken by the city to acquire the necessary lands 
 completed and the awards of the appraising commissioners made, with one 
 or two exceptions, and confirmed by the courts. In most cases the actual 
 opening of the streets to public traffic awaits only the confirmation of the 
 assessment rolls to pay for the improvement. Lineal feet to the number 
 of 12,162 opened this year for streets! More than in any single year 
 before. In New York City, where growth in its northern parts continues 
 to be very brisk, there were opened during 1885, 7,900 feet. Besides all 
 this there was considerable widening and straiglitening of streets to keep in 
 the line of growth and progress, and there were taken by the city fourteen 
 acres of land to furnish new breathing spots for the increasing population. 
 The Eumseys gave up twelve acres adjoining the park for $30,000, and the 
 Bennett park property cost 1104,577.90." 
 
 Unquestionably much of Buifalo's recent rapid advance and growing 
 fame is due to the enfranchisement of Niagara under an act of the Legisla- 
 ture, which passed the Assembly March 14, 1883, and the Senate April 18 
 following, under the provisions of which appraisers were appointed and 
 $1,433,429.50 awarded the owners of " Goat Island, Bath Island, the Three 
 Sisters, Bird Island, Luna Island, Chapin Island, the small islands adjacent 
 to said islands in the Niagara river, the bed of the river between said 
 islands and the New York mainland, the bed of the river between Goat 
 Island and the Canadian boundary, and a strip of land beginning near Port 
 Day in the village of Niagara Falls, running along the shore of said river to 
 and including Prospect Park and the cliff and debris slope ; and including 
 also, at the east end of said strip, not exceeding one acre of land for purposes 
 convenient to said reservation, and also including all lands at the foot of 
 said falls, and all lands in said river adjoining said islands and the other 
 lands described." The grasping owners, who for three-quarters of a century 
 had enjoyed a monopoly of this mighty wonder of nature, with its vast 
 water power and speculative possibilities, demanded a total of about 
 $20,000,000 for the property, which, it is pleasant to know, they failed to 
 get. The result of the State's firm assertion of the right of eminent 
 domain is that Niagara is free to all who choose to visit and enjoy its awe- 
 inspiring beauties. It was appropriately inaugurated and dedicated July 15, 
 1885, with religious, civic and military exercises, in the presence of the 
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16 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 goTernors of New York and Ontario and a brilliant assemblage of eminenfc 
 statesmen, clergy, civilians and soldiers. The State of New York holds, 
 and will for all time continue to hold, control of this grand property, in 
 trust for mankind, that it may be preserved in all of its wild and startling 
 beauty for the enjoyment of remotest generations. It was a noble work, 
 nobly done. 
 
 The Tugby building and the pulp mill, the only buildings remaining on 
 the shore of the river in the Niagara Falls reservation, will soon be 
 removed. By next summer the toll-house on the bridge and the restaurant 
 on Goat Island, as well as the mill, will have disappeared, and Niagara will 
 be practically restored to its natural conditions so far as possible. The 
 administration of the reservation-trust continues enlightened and governed 
 by good taste and public_spirit. 
 
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THE PRESENT. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION, GENERAL APPEARANCE, POPU- 
 LATION AND CORPORATE EXTENT— LOCAL INTERESTS- 
 BANKS— MANUFACTURES, ETC. 
 
 TTTHE beaubiful and powerful city of Buffalo is situated most eligibly at 
 KIM the footer eastern end of Lake Erie at its junction with the Niagara 
 river, in latitude 43 deg. 53 min. north and longitude 78 deg. 55 min. 
 west, 393 miles northwest of New York city. The navigable waters of the 
 great lakes stretch away from her feet westward and noi-th westward for a dis- 
 tance of more than 1,200 miles, while the various railroads centering here pro- 
 vide communication directly or through their branches and connections with 
 every portion of the North American continent accessible to the iron horse 
 — the Canadas, New England, the Middle and Southern States, the vast 
 Northwest, the Pacific slope, the far Southwest and Mexico. She has a 
 superb water front of some six or seven miles, and a secure and excellent 
 harbor extending about two miles along the Buffalo river, which empties 
 into the lake and the Niagara in front of the city. A fine government 
 breakwater 4000 feet in length, supplemented by a similar city work of 1,500 
 feet, protect the entrance to the harbor, whose shores are lined from end to 
 end with vast elevators, warehouses and factories. Basins, docks, slips and 
 other conveniences, including the Erie canal itself, provide ample conven- 
 iences for the handling of all kinds of craft, and it is estimated that the 
 navigable water front is at least eighteen miles in extent, kept in excellent 
 condition throughout the season by means of dredges and a regular system 
 of repairs. In point of commerce and manufactures Buffalo ranks second 
 only to New York, while in population she is the. third city in the State, a 
 careful estimate making her the home of about 245,000 souls at this time. 
 The residence portion of the city (comprising beautifully built, broad, well- 
 shaded and handsome streets, public parks and open squares, with many 
 grass-grown triangular spaces — left vacant by Ellicott's topographical 
 vagaries) is to the full as attractive as can be found anywhere, and in sum- 
 mer no moi-e delightful place of sojourn could be desired, while even the 
 ■winter season, with its copious snows and comparatively moderate temper- 
 ature, is full of healthy pleasure. The architectural attractions of the 
 principal business streets are many, and constant improvement bids fair to 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 i W 
 
 ' 1" M 
 
 !■'<■' ■'^^« I il liil It 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 19 
 
 render them in time the peers of any thoroughftires in America. The pub- 
 lic buildings, embracing the City and County Hall, the Library buildine;, 
 the Music Hall, Postoffice, etc., we illustrate and describe in their appropri- 
 ate places. 
 
 Buffalo embraces within her corporate limits a little more than thirty- 
 nine and a half (39.599) square miles of territory, intersected by 651.96 miles 
 of streets, of which 151.96 miles are paved (30.75 with asphalt, the remainder 
 with stone), and 500 miles are still to be completed. There are within 
 the city 163.93 miles of sewers, many miles of track operated by the New 
 York Central, Erie, Lake Shore, Belt Line, Buffalo Creek and other railroad 
 companies, and some twenty-five miles of street railways. 
 
 The total valuation of real estate for taxation, as shown by the assessors' 
 report, foots up $113,963,445; total personal, $8,405,225 ; total collections 
 $2,113,685.24 ; total receipts for licenses {vide Comptroller's report), 1886 
 $14,198.33; total bonded city debt, January 1, 1887, $8,283,775.67, less 
 $176,721.53 in the treasury. Total taxes and assessments for 1886, $3,844,- 
 096.02 ; street extension, park and sewer bonds issued, $312,844 03 ; increase 
 of bonded debt for year, $233,041.74; premiums on sales of bonds, $17,- 
 496.10. The Treasurer's report shows total receipts from all sources, 1886, 
 $5,914,128.16; disbursements, $4,653,639.20; cash on hand December 21, 
 $1,260,488.96. The Engineer reports 18.2-5 miles of streets paved with 
 stone and asphalt at a cost of $1,006,784.84 ; in addition to which sixteen 
 miles of sewer were constructed, a large amount of dredging done, side- 
 walks laid, and repairs made, at an expense of $197,454.65. 'J'he cost of 
 street cleaning and sprinkling for the year was $85.078.93 ; other expenses 
 of street department, $27,844.94. 
 
 The School Department is worthy of special attention. We find that the 
 available fund for this department for the year was $751,754.41; total expen- 
 ditures, $538,820.38. Number of public schools, 45 ; of private schools, 45. 
 Attendance — public schools, 28,372; private schools, 11,995. Licensed teach- 
 ers employed, 583, of whom 43 were males and 540 females. Total value 
 of public school property, $1,073,935. In addition, some 1,400 pupils 
 attended the night schools at a total expense of $8,224. 
 
 Expenses of Poor Department for the year, $84,412.32. 
 
 The report of the Health Department shows 6,476 births and 3,861 deaths ; 
 ratio of the former, 308 per thousand of population ; of the latter, 18.4. 
 
 The Police Department, first and last, comprises 334 men, and cost for 
 its maintenance last year about $340,000. Arrests for the year, over 9,000. 
 The patrol wagon and police alarm system is about to be inaugurated. 
 
 The Fii-e Department employs 228 men, 19 engines, 15 hose carts, 4 hose 
 wagons, 5 chemical engines, 5 hook-and-ladder trucks, 97 horses, and 32,000 
 feet of hose. There were about 500 fires and alarms during the year. 
 A fire-boat will be ready for use next May. 
 
 The water service is first-class and extends to all portions of the city. 
 A new pumping engine of 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 gallons daily capacity is 
 soon to be added to the present equipment, which will make the works 
 equal to any in the country, superior to danger of temporary disability from 
 accident, and enable them to meet all demands from fire department and 
 private consumers for many years to come. The quality of water supplied 
 is the best, such as is unknown save along the lakes. Receipts for the year, 
 $480,000; expenditures, $460,923.36. 
 
 Total expenditures on public buildings for 1886, $70,371.57. 
 
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20 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 From the Mayor's message we quote as follows concerning the parks — 
 which, by the way, are emong the city's chiefest attractions: 
 
 " The only important improvement in the park system during the past 
 year has been the paving of Fillmore avenue with Barber's Trinidad asphalt 
 pavement, extending from the southerly line of Genesee street to the north 
 line of Seneca street, a distance of nearly two miles. This work has been 
 done at a total expense of $174,491.18, one-half of which was paid from the 
 park fund appropriated by the Common Council and the other half assessed 
 upon the abutting property. This was a much-needed improvement, and 
 has proved a great benefit to the eastern section of the city. A considerable 
 portion of the parkways have also been stoned and graveled, and the road- 
 ways generally kept in good condition. The grounds and plantations have 
 received careful attention. The parks never appeared to better advantage 
 than during the past season. Important additions of territory have been 
 added to the park system during the year — notably the portion bordering 
 the south line of the park known as Rumsey's Grove, and two blocks of 
 land on the lake shore opposite " The Front." All the public parks and 
 squares in the city have been formally turned over to the Park Commis- 
 sioners, who will doubtless at the proper time submit a recommendation for 
 their improvement. These additions will involve a corresponding increase 
 in the appropriation for park maintenance. I learn from the secretary that 
 the receipts from all sources during the year up to the 22d of December 
 were $150,607.87, and the expenditures $147,080.96, with some liabilities 
 unliquidated." 
 
 The city is well lighted, there being on January 1st a total of 6,763 gas 
 lamps and 546 electric lights distributed in the improved portions and along 
 the principal boulevards. 
 
 A revision of the city charter to meet the demands of the times has been 
 agitated from time to time, and as we write "a self-constituted committee 
 of public-spirited citizens," as the Mayor characterizes them, is engaged 
 upon that work, the result of their labors to be submitted to the Legislature 
 for adoption or rejection when completed. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 The educational advantages of Buffalo are many and varied. Besides 
 the ninety schools, public and private, mentioned in the above summary, a 
 superb high school supported by the city, and State normal school, there are 
 nineteen Catholic parochial schools, and a number of institutions devoted to 
 higher education, as follows : State Normal School, Jersey street, between 
 Thirteenth and Fourteenth ; Buffalo Female Academy, Delaware avenue ; 
 St. Joseph's College, corner Church street and Delaware avenue ; Canisius 
 College, No. 651 Washington street; St. Mary's Academy, No. 74 Franklin 
 street; Buffalo Classical School. No. 335 Franklin street; the Heathcote 
 School, No. 310 Pearl street ; Mrs. Curtis' Select School, No. 157 Butler 
 street; Mrs. "Williamson's School for Young Ladies, No. 254 Franklin 
 street; English and Classical School for Boys, No. 94 Johnson place; 
 Kindergarten and Training School, No. 623 Delaware avenue; St. Stephen's 
 Church School, No. 300 Adams street; Evangelican Lutheran St. John's 
 Church School, No. 283 Hickory street ; German Lutheran Trinity School, 
 corner Goodell and Maple streets ; St. Margaret's School for Girls, corner 
 Franklin and North streets; St. Andreas' School, No. 173 Sherman street; 
 St. Marcus' German Evangelical School, No. 400 Oak street; German Evan- 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 21 
 
 gelical Friederis Church School, Eagle street, foot of Monroe; St. Mary's 
 Academy and Industrial School, Franklin street, near Church; St. Peter's 
 Evangelical School, corner Genesee and Hickory streets; Martin Luther 
 College, Maple street, near Virginia. There are also seven convents. 
 
 Of churches there is no lack, and many of them own and support fine 
 temples of worship. The congregations comprise 11 Baptist, with four 
 missions; 148 Catholic, 14 Episcopal, 12 Presbyterian, 2 Congregational, 
 16 Methodist, 21 Lutheran and German Evangelical, 4 Jewish, 10 miscel- 
 laneous, and one Methodist, one Baptist and one Presbyterian church 
 extension, supporting numerous benevolent and charitable societies. 
 
 CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY. 
 
 The most conspicuous and effective charity here, however, is the Charity 
 Organization Society of Buffalo, for the subjoined sketch of which we are 
 indebted to Secretary Rosenau : " The Charity Organization Society of 
 Buflalo, N. Y., was founded in the fall of 1878 by a number of public- 
 spirited citizens for the pui-pose of introducing advanced methods in the 
 dispensation of public and private charity, the repression of mendicity and 
 the prevention of pauperism. It is modeled after the Charity Organization 
 Society of London, England, and was the first of some sixty similar societies 
 to be established in America. It§ aim is not to give actual relief, but to aid 
 the worthy poor to become self-supporting, and by a system of registration 
 and thorough investigation to discover and exterminate fraud in begging. 
 In 1881 it was made the recipient of a large gift in trust from Benjamin 
 Fitch of New York city, estimated to be worth about $300,000. In pursuance 
 of the terms of the gift the society erected the Fitch Institute, a magnificent 
 fire-proof building at the southwest corner of Swan and Michigan streets, 
 containing, besides rooms for various purposes, a lecture hall capable of 
 accommodating one thousand people. The cost of the building was about 
 $140,000. In it the society now maintains a medical dispensary for the free 
 treatment of the worthy poor and a hospital for the immediate and tem- 
 porary treatment of the injured. The society also has in operation a wood- 
 yard to give employment to men who have no work and no means of support, 
 a labor bureau for women working by the day, and also the Fitch Creche, 
 a day home for the children of working women, which is located in the 
 building adjoining the institute on Swan street. As soon as its income is 
 available the society will, in addition, maintain in the institute classes in 
 mechanical drawing, a free reading room, a school for the instruction of 
 domestics, a provident laundry, a penny savings bank, and free lecture courses 
 for working people. 
 
 " For the purposes of its regular work the society maintains two offices, 
 one at No. 10 Court street and one in the Fitch Institute. It sptematically 
 pursues its work of investigation, and has in the course of its existence 
 effected a saving to the citizens of Buffalo in the reduction of the expendi- 
 tures of the poor department of nearly 8500,000. The present officers of 
 the society are : Edwin T. Evans, president; T. Guilford Smith, vice-presi- 
 dent; Nathaniel S. Rosenau, secretary and treasurer. Trustees — One year — 
 Edward Bennett, Thomas Cary, Sherman S. Rogers, George P. Sawyer, E. 
 Carlton Sprague ; two years — James H. Dormer, Edwin T. Evans, Josiah 
 G. Munro, T. Guilford Smith, Ansley Wilcox ; three years — John H. 
 Cowing, Josephus N. Larned, Jewett M. Richmond, Solomon Scheu, 
 Sheldon T. Viele." 
 
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22 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 The libraries and reading rooms embrace the grand Buffalo Library, 
 whose magnificent building is illustrated in this work, located between 
 Washington, Ellicott and Clinton streets and Broadway; the free Grosvenor 
 Library, corner Broadway and Washington streets; the Young Men's 
 Christian Association Library and Gymnasium, corner Pearl, Mohawk and 
 Genesee streets; the Buffalo Historical Society Library, lately removed to 
 the Buffalo Library and Art building; the Law Library, room 23, City 
 and County Hall ; Erie County Medical Society Library and Buffalo Medical 
 Library Association, University of Buffalo; Women's Educational and 
 Industrial Union Library, No. 25 Niagara square; Guard of Honor Library, 
 No. 620 Washington street ; German Young Men's Association Library, 
 Music Hall building (illustrated); Catholic Institute Library, Main and 
 Chippewa streets ; Lutheran Young Men's Association Library, No. 659 
 Michigan street; Young Men's Catholic Association Library and Gymna- 
 sium, corner Swan and Franklin streets, and Erie Railway Library Associa- 
 tion, Michigan and Exchange streets. 
 
 The medical societies include the University of Buffalo, corner of Main 
 and Virginia streets ; Medical Department of Niagara University, Ellicott 
 street; Buffalo Obstetrical Society, Alumni Association, Medical Department 
 University of Buffalo, Homeopathic Medical Society of Western New 
 York, Medical Union, Buffalo Medical and Sargical Association, Erie 
 County Medical Society, Homeopathic Medical Society of Erie County, 
 Medical Club, Physicians' Club, Erie County Board of Pharmacy and Buf- 
 falo College of Pharmacy, University of Buffalo. 
 
 There are six hospitals, viz. : The Buffalo General Hospital, No. 100 
 High street ; Buffalo Homeopathic Hospital, corner Cottage and Maryland 
 streets; Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, No. 1883 Main street; 
 Buffalo Maternity Hospital, No. 334 Seventh street ; the Emergency Hos- 
 pital, corner of South Division and Michigan streets, and St. Francis 
 Hospital, No. 337 Pine street. The Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane, 
 one of the most extensive, costly and well-conducted establishments of the 
 kind in the United States, is located in the suburbs, near the City Park. 
 The Buffalo Quarantine Hospital is at No. 762 East Ferry street. In addi- 
 tion there are no less than twenty-one homes and asylums for all classes of 
 unfortunates. 
 
 There are two regiments of militia and one battery of artillery here, 
 besides an independent company of military. Fort Porter, the celebrated 
 government post, sadly decayed, is garrisoned by a detachment of regulars. 
 Through the efforts of Hon. John M. Farquhar, M. C, a liberal appropria- 
 tion has been secured and the works and buildings are to be restored at 
 once. 
 
 Buffalo is well supplied with social, literary, dramatic, political, sporting 
 and other clubs, conspicuous among which may be named the " Buffalo," 
 " City," "Acacia," "Press," "Gentlemen's Driving" (owners of the driving 
 park), "Oakfield," "Audubon," "Republican League," "Cleveland Democ- 
 racy," "Democratic Legion," " Buffalo Yacht," etc., while all the leading 
 beneficial orders and societies. Masonic, A. 0. U. W., Knights of Honor, 
 etc., and labor organizations are well represented. No less than fifteen 
 vocal and instrumental musical societies are supported. 
 
 Of literary and scientific societies there are many, the most prominent 
 
 being the -Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, 
 
 Buffalo Historical Society, Young Men's Association, German Young Men's 
 
 Association, Buffalo Civil Service Association, Buffalo Horticultural Society, 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 23 
 
 Buffalo Dental Society, Buffalo Architects' Association, and the Women's 
 Educational and Industrial Union. 
 
 There are three gas light companies — the " Buffalo," " Buffalo Mutual" 
 and " Citizens" — one natural gas fuel company, and one electric light com- 
 pany — the Brush, of which a more extended account is given in another 
 portion of this volume. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKING. 
 
 The foundation of all commercial and industrial prosperity is a sound 
 banking system, prudently and honestly administered. The people of New 
 York State are to be envied in this respect, for they have the option of 
 patronizing either the secure and unquestionable National system or the 
 State system, conducted under such laws and restraints as make it in all 
 respects equal, and, some believe, superior to the government plan. Here in 
 Buffalo the State banking system is the favorite, and is represented by no 
 less than fifteen regular, savings and private houses, while a single National 
 institution enjoys the distinction of being the only bank of issue — the Third 
 National, capital $250,000, surplus $60,000, of which Mr. Charles E. Sweet 
 is president and Mr. Nathanial Rochester cashier. The State banks are the 
 Bank of Attica, capital $250,000, surplus $75,000 ; the Manufacturers and 
 Traders, capital $900,000; the Merchants, capital $300,000; the Marine 
 Bank of Huffalo, the German, the Bank of Commerce, the German-Ameri- 
 can, the Farmers and Mechanics, and the Bank of Buffalo. Savings banks 
 — the Buffalo, the Western, the Erie County and the National. Private — 
 American Exchange (late White's Bank of Buffalo), Donaldson & Co., Buf- 
 falo Loan, Trust and Safe Deposit Co. 
 
 The local insurance companies are six in number — the Buffalo German, 
 the Erie County Mutual, the Union and the Harmonia Mutual, fire asso- 
 ciations; the Life and Reserve Association, and the Buffalo Mutual Acci- 
 dent Association. 
 
 The aid and savings associations are thirty-one in number, all well man- 
 aged and prosperous. 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 Notwithstanding Buffalo is concededly a manufacturing center of the 
 ifirst class, it is impossible to obtain reliable data upon which to predicate 
 statistics showing the number and extent of her factories of various kinds, 
 the number of operatives employed, or the volume and value of annual out- 
 put — all owing to the lack of organization and non-recognition of com- 
 munity of interests among those who, in their individual capacity, do so 
 much toward creating the material wealth and extending the fame of the 
 city. We are therefore constrained to refer the seeker after knowledge on 
 this subject to the second part of this volume, where will be found special 
 mention of most, if not all, the representative manufacturers, to whose 
 enterprise and industry the Queen City of the Lakes is indebted for her 
 unquestioned eminence in the mechanic arts. 
 
 A PERMANENT EXPOSITION. 
 
 January 7 last an association of prominent business men was formed and 
 $200,000 guaranteed for the establishment and support of a permanent ex- 
 position. Grounds have been secured and buildings will be erected this 
 
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24 
 
 THE INDUSTBIES OB BUFFALO. 
 
 spring for continuous exhibition of all the industrial products of the city. 
 In the summer or early fall au agricultural and dairy exhibition will be 
 given. "Fine stock will be a prominent feature. The exposition will be 
 partly mechanical in character, and partake of some of the attributes of a 
 county fair. It will be a mammoth affair, and will attract many people to the 
 city, and interest all the citizens of Bufialo as well. The proximity of Buf- 
 falo to the Dominion will permit the expositioQ to be of an international 
 character, and the accessibility of Buffalo by railroad and boat will serve to 
 draw many people here from all the surrounding country. Buffalo seems 
 peculiarly well situated and favored for the success of such an enterprise, 
 and with her extensive manufacturing interests, and the rich farming and 
 grazing lands in her immediate environment, there will be plenty of 
 material out of which to make exhibits. 
 
 NEW GOVEKNMENT BUILDING. 
 
 The above illustrated handsome new building (or, more properly, exten- 
 sion of the former custom-house and postofiBce) was recently completed and 
 occupied by the United States courts, internal revenue officials and post- 
 ofiBce. At her present rate of growth Buffalo will require largely increased 
 facilities for the transaction of government business within a few years. 
 Value of imports for 1886— Dutiable, $4,367,845 ; free, $1,349,466 ; total 
 collections, $965,819.61 ; increase of collections over 1885, $100,000. 
 
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THE PRESS. 
 
 FOR some unexplained reason the editor of this work has experienced 
 extraordinary difficulty in securing from publishers historical data 
 upon which to predicate as full and satisfactory a chapter on this 
 subject as he could have desired. The subjoined sketches were prepared 
 from such information as could be obtained. For the rest^ mere mention 
 of the names and character of the various publications is all we can offer. 
 
 THE COURIER COMPANY. 
 
 The genealogy of The Buffalo Courier is turned back to the first daily 
 paper printed in this city. The Daily Star, which shed its mild light in the 
 year 1831. From the humblest beginnings it long ago became a power, and 
 the institution from which it is now issued is of enormous extent and 
 almost unlimited resources. Dignity and enterprise are characteristic of The 
 Courier Company's publications, while their influence is second to that of 
 none in Western New York. Its establishment is justly claimed to be the 
 greatest show and general printing house in the world. 
 
 In 1855 Joseph Warren became identified with the management of 77^e 
 Courier, which was destined to be directed into channels of prosperity by 
 the influence of his character and ability. From that time it has continued 
 the leading Democratic paper of this part of the State, with some of the 
 ablest journalists of the country at different periods in managerial charge of 
 its columns. With the advent of Mr. Warren also began the upbuilding of 
 the job and show printing business of the establishment, which has since 
 attained colossal proportions. He secured a proprietary interest in 1859. 
 Years of growth followed, and on the first of January, 1869, the large 
 printing houses of Joseph Warren & Co. and Howard, Johnson & Co. were 
 consolidated, and a stock company formed under the title of The Courier 
 Company. On the first of December, 1874, Charles W. McCune, a gentle- 
 man of splendid business talent and unbounded energy, entered the office as 
 general manager. Mr. Warren died on the 30th of September, 1874, 
 regretted by the entire community. He was a political director of great 
 discernment, a strong man in the Democratic councils of the State, and 
 accomplished much for the advancement of Buffalo. As president of the 
 company he was succeeded by the Hon. William G. Fargo. He in turn was 
 followed in that capacity by Mr. McCune in March, 1880, and three years 
 later the latter became sole proprietor of the institution, which under his 
 control had obtained the solidest of financial foundation, and had in every 
 department thriven and enlarged. Its work became world-famous. Its 
 newspaper publications extended their influence and had their facilities 
 
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26 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 increased. In the zenith of his success, and with his business in magnificent 
 order, Mr. McOune, after a very brief and unexpected iUness, died March 14th, 
 1885. His loss was mourned throughout the State and nation. Especially 
 was it deemed severe in Buffalo, where he was recognized as a most worthy 
 and valuable citizen whose enterprise had an important bearing on the city's 
 industrial growth. 
 
 Mr. George Bleistein, a young gentleman whose business training had 
 been obtained in the establishment, became president of The Coui'ier Com- 
 pany, with Mr. J. W. Bridgman, an experienced financier, as vice-president. 
 Under their management the institution has continued its course of great 
 and nuinterrupted prosperity. In its many departments the perfection of 
 the different branches of the printer's and engraver's arts has been obtained. 
 To convey an idea of the magnitude of the establishment in few words can- 
 not be better effected than by enumerating the buildings owned and occupied 
 for its business, and which contain a vast aggregation of the most approved 
 machinery, and an invaluable accumulation of materials: The five-story 
 and basement building Ko. 197 Main sti-eet, used for the stationery store, 
 offices, etc.; ISTo. 199 Main street, four stories and basement ; Nos. 202 and 
 204 Washington street, six stories and basement, the highest and finest 
 perfectly fire-proof industrial building in Buffalo; Nos. 188 and 190 Wash- 
 ington sti'eet, five stoi-ies and basement, devoted to the company's newspaper 
 publications; Nos. 208, 212 and 216 Washington street, four stories and 
 basement; and the lithographic department building, seven stories and base- 
 ment, between Main and Washington streets. 
 
 THE BUFFALO EXPRESS. 
 
 This handsome eight-page journal is issued from the Matthews' block, 
 corner of Exchange and Washington streets, every morning and weekly, by 
 James N. Matthews, editor and publisher. The publication of the Express 
 was begun January loth, 1845, by A. M. Clapp & Co., and the present 
 owner, Mr. Matthews, helped set the type for that issue. The politics of 
 the paper were then Whig, and it has been consistent in opposition to the 
 Democratic party from the first, espousing the cause of the Republicans on 
 the organization of that party, and remaining faithful thereto until the 
 present. Many able and brilliant men have occupied the editorial chair of 
 the Express, but it is questionable if any more vigorous, terse or forcible 
 writer ever presided over its columns than Mr. Matthews, who has made it 
 one of the ablest, most fearless and trenchant of interior morning newspapers. 
 Under his direction it has become a real power here at home, loved and 
 supported by its friends, hated and feared by its enemies, and has performed 
 yeoman service for the city in the exposure and correction of official miscon- 
 duct as well as in the advocacy of improvement, and in attracting hither 
 enterprise and capital in search of employment and investment. 
 
 THE EVENING AND SUNDAY NEWS. 
 
 The Evening JVetas, one of the most influential and widely circulated 
 papers in this State, dates its origin with the establishment of the Sunday 
 Neivs in 1873. There were then no Sunday papers in Bufialo, but the 
 experiment proved a success. The paper was from time to time enlarged, 
 and there seemed to be no limit to its popularity. Bright, vigorous, enter- 
 prising and entertaining as it was, its influence with the people increased 
 until it wielded such V^f!>f6lifie^^^Wi^b%6^<^^^ election of 1875 a people's 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OJ BUFFALO. 27 
 
 ticket, pat forward by it, was elected with few exceptions. In 1880 Edward 
 H. Butler, the editor and founder of the Sunday News, carried into effect a 
 plan he had long cherished, that of printing a cheap and intei-esting evening 
 paper. It appeared on October 11th as a four-page, six-column folio, and 
 on the first night the sales were 7,000 copies. The circulation steadily 
 increased until now the average daily circulation is 37,500. The largest 
 number of papers sold of any one issue was 48,539. The circulation of the 
 Sunday edition averages 18,000. The News, among other things, suggested 
 and boomed Grover Cleveland for Governor and President. 
 
 The Neius occupies its own well-appointed building at No. 218 Main 
 street, and is the only paper which does not have a job printing attachment. 
 In the mechanical department the best machinery is used, and the editorial 
 department is well equipped. Besides the United Press service, the paper 
 has special correspondents at New York, Albany, Chicago and Washington, 
 as well as in all the towns in Western New York. 
 
 E. H. Butler is the editor and proprietor of the paper. He is ably aided 
 by his brother, J. Ambrose Butler, as business manager. 
 
 THE DAILY TIMES, 
 
 One of the liveliest and newsiest papers in Western New York, was 
 started by Norman E. Mack as a five-cent Sunday paper September 7th, 
 1879, from the office located at No. 200 Main street, the present site of the 
 Exchange building. Six months later the offices, composing and editorial 
 rooms were removed to No. 50 Seneca street, where in February, 1883, the 
 stock and plant were almost entirely destroyed by fire. For a short time the 
 paper was published from new offices secured at No. 272 Washington street. 
 May 13th, 1883, the offices were removed to No. 191 Main street, whence The 
 Times is still issued. On September 13th, 1883, The Daily Times was 
 started as a cheap morning paper, selling for two cents, with the Sunday 
 edition at the regular price. The daily flourished and prospered until 
 December 2d, 1886, when it was decided to publish it as a morning and 
 afternoon one-cent paper. The first edition appears at 10.30 A. m., and 
 the fifth at 5 p. m. It made its appearance on that day, and its cor- 
 dial reception by the public ever since encourages the publishers to claim 
 that it is destined to be the organ of the people in the future. The Daily 
 and Sunday Times, the latter being a mammoth 16-page edition, is now 
 published by The Times Company, Limited, which was incorporated June 
 loth, 1885, with the founder of both the Daily and Sunday Times, Norman 
 E. Mack, as president. 
 
 BUFFALO COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. 
 
 This' is the oldest, and ranks high among the prosperous and influ- 
 ential Western New York journals — the lineal descendant of Buffalo's 
 pioneer newspaper, the Gazette, founded in 1811. The first number of The 
 Daily Commercial Advertiser appeared Januai-y 1st, 1835, The Weekly 
 Patriot, from which it sprung, being continued for some years. After 
 various changes of ownei'ship the establishment was purchased April 9th, 
 1861, by Eufus Wheeler, Joseph Candee and James D. Warren. December 
 8ch, 1862, James N. Matthews succeeded to Mr. Candee's interest, and 
 April 29th, 1865, Mr. Wheeler retired, the firm becoming Matthews & 
 Warren. In October, 1877, Mr. Warren became sole proprietor, continuing 
 in that position until his death in December last, when his sons, 0. G and 
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28 THE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 W. C. Warren, succeeded. September 28th, 1868, the Commercial printing 
 house was burned to the ground, but publication was continued without 
 interruption. July 1st, 1871, the paper was enlarged to its present size — 
 forty columns. April 11th, 1882, the establishment occupied a splendid new 
 five-story building, which was burned in the following December. Not an 
 issae was lost, however, and October 1st, 1883, the Commercial occupied its 
 present elegant quarters — a superb fire-proof structure and an ornament to 
 the city. The price of the Commercial Advertiser was reduced to two cents 
 February 1st, 1886, a move which has added largely to its popularity, the 
 sales at this time reaching nearly 12,000 daily. The equipment is very 
 complete, embracing, besides full supplies of new and stylish types, a fine 
 Hoe perfecting press of 12,000 per hour capacity. 
 
 THE SATURDAY MERCURY. 
 
 This neat and newsy hebdomadal was established in April of 1886 by W. 
 J. McCahill & Co., and is already looked upon as the leading distinctively 
 weekly newspaper of Western New York, full of entertaining i-eading for 
 people of every class, and a welcome visitor to thousands of homes in all the 
 region roundabout. Its success has been phenomenal, beginning without a 
 subscriber, and at this time printing and circulating nearly 20,000 copies 
 every Saturday. The management is excellent, both ia the business and 
 editorial departments, and as a result the Mercury is bright in appearance 
 and contents, handsomely printed, and noted for its pointed and telhng 
 editorial paragraphs, whether aimed at current follies or treating of tlie 
 serious side of things. The Mercury is on the right path to a career of 
 honor and usefulness, and bids fair to become a power in the land. 
 
 Buffalo Daily Evening Democrat and Weekly Weltburger (German); 
 office, No. 509 Main street. 
 
 Buffalo Daily and Weekly Volksfreund; German Printing Association ; 
 office, Nos. 46 and 48 Broadway. 
 
 Buffalo Daily and Weekly Freie Press and Sunday Tribune; Reinecke 
 & Zesch, No. 500 Main street. 
 
 Daily, Tri-Weekly and Semi- Weekly Mercantile Beview ; C. H. Webster, 
 No. 16 Nichols street. 
 
 Daily, Tri-Weekly and Semi- Weekly Price Current and Live Stock Re- 
 porter J W. G. Webster, No. 244 Main street. 
 
 Farmers' Review and Live Stock Journal, weekly ; C. H. Webster, No. 
 16 Nichols sti-eet. 
 
 Milling World, weekly ; American Industry Press, No. 13>^ Swan street. 
 
 Lumber World, monthly; American Industry Press, No. 13 J^ Swan street. 
 
 Iron World, monthly ; American Industry Press, 13J^ Swan street. 
 
 Roller Mill, monthly; A. B. Kellogg, No. 128 Washington street. 
 
 Buffalo Christian Advocate, weekly; Nos. 41 and 43 Franklin street. 
 
 Catholic Union and Times, weekly ; Catholic Publication Co., Franklin 
 and Swan streets. 
 
 Sunday Truth, labor weekly ; Hausauer & Eappold, No. 200 Washington 
 street. 
 
 People's Saturday Evening Pictorial Press ; Matthews, Northrup & Co., 
 No. 179 Washington street. 
 
 Matthews- Northrup Official Railway Guide, monthly; Phin. M. Miller, 
 manager. No. 42 Exchange street. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 29 
 
 Popular Gardening, monthly; Popular Gardening Pub. Co., room 33, 
 No. 302 Main street. 
 
 Church Home Quarterly ; Church Charity Foundation, No. 753 Niag- 
 ara street. 
 
 Saturday Tribune ; Crotts & Hurley, No. 4 North Division street. 
 
 The Argus, A. O.U. W. monthly ; R. C. Hill, No. 300 Washington street. 
 
 Medical Press, monthly ; Medical Press Association, No. 137 W. Tupper 
 street. 
 
 Buffalo World, weekly ; David Paine, No. 371 Washington street. 
 
 Ojczyzna, Polish weekly ; Polish Pub. Association, No. 46 Broadway. 
 
 Our Record, monthly ; managers of Home of the Friendless, No. 1500 
 Main street. 
 
 Independent Practitioner, medico-dental monthly; W. C. Barrett, M.D., 
 D.D.S., No. 308 Franklin street. 
 
 Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal, monthly ; office. No. 360 Pearl 
 street. 
 
 Iron Review, monthly; C. L. Sherrill & Co., Nos. 41 and 43 Franklin 
 street. 
 
 The XVIth Amendment, prohibition weekly. W. H. H. Bartram, Coal 
 and Iron Exchange. 
 
 Queries, literary, art, scientific and educational monthly ; C. L. Sherrill 
 & Co., Nos. 41 and 43 Franklin street. 
 
 Railway Magazine, monthly; Geo. E. Allen & Co., No. 177 Main street. 
 
 Triumphs of Faith, Christian monthly ; No. 360 Connecticut street. 
 
 Chautauqua Tourist; John Laughlin, No. 191 Main street. 
 
 The North and the South, emigration monthly; J. T. McLaughlin, 
 Academy of Music. 
 
 Pioneer Go- Operator ; L. J. Hedges, manager, No. 555 North Division 
 street. 
 
 Fashion Quarterly; A. E. Eose, No. 360 Main street. 
 
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IVLkrchants' Kxchanoe. 
 
 OEIGIN, PEOGEESS AND INELUEKCE— OFFICEES AKD COJM- 
 
 MITTEES. 
 
 As long ago as 1844 
 the necessity for an or- 
 ganization of Buffalo 
 merchants, manufact- 
 urers and shippers be- 
 came manifest, and the 
 Board of Trade was or- 
 ganized. In May of 
 the following year its 
 building, at Prime and 
 Hanover streets, was 
 completed, and occu- 
 pied in June. For rea- 
 sons not necessary to 
 recount, the board did 
 not receive the support 
 and encouragement it 
 had a right to expect, 
 and was not therefore 
 incorporated until 
 1857. The same year, 
 marked by a great panic as it was, afforded opportunity for a manifestation 
 of usefulness and strength which added vastly to the prestige of the organ- 
 ization and secured for it the co-operation of most of the city's progressive 
 business men. In 1862 a removal was effected to Central Wharf, and the 
 Board of Trade continued to flourish until 1880, when a reorganization was 
 accomplished under better auspices than ever, and with a lai-gely increased 
 membership, as the Buffalo Merchants' Exchange. In 1881 began the 
 movement which resulted in the erection of the present stately Board of 
 Trade building, corner of Seneca and Pearl streets, designed by M. E. Beebe 
 & Son, architects, of which we present an engraving. It was completed in 
 1883, at a cost of $250,000, and occupied with appropriate inauguration 
 ceremonies January 1, 1884. It was erected under direction of the Board 
 of Trade trustees, and is the property of that body. The building, fire- 
 proof throughout, is seven stories in height, with basement, fronts 132 feet 
 on Seneca and 60 feet on Pearl street, and rises 100 feet above the side- 
 walk. The facade is of cut.stone^^term cotta^nressed brick and iron, and in 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 31 
 
 all respects the structure is a substantial, haudsonie and imposing one. 
 The principal entrance is on Seneca street. The board room and Merchants' 
 Exchange occupy the entire fourth floor, the remainder of the edifice being- 
 devoted to office purposes, thus bringing in a handsome revenue. 
 
 The officers of the Exchange, elected January 13, 1887, are as follows : 
 President, James E. Smith ; Vice-President, Charles H. Gibson ; Treasurer, 
 Henry S. Sill; Secretary, William Thurstone. Trustees — Daniel E. Newhall, 
 Geo. Urban, jr., John 0. Graves, Albert J. Wright, Horace J. Harvey, 
 Peter C. Doyle, Henry D. Waters, Henry C. Zimmerman, H. G. Nolton, 
 W. C. Corn well. Committees for current year: Finance — Charles H. 
 Gibson, John C. Graves, H. G. Nolton. Koonis and Fixtures — H. C. Zim- 
 merman, Wm. C. Cornwell, Henry D. Waters, Wm. P. Andrews, Harrison 
 N. Vedder. Floor— Albert J. Wright, Daniel E. Newhall, Horace J. Har- 
 vey. Reference — Eoswell R. Buck, Chas. B. Armstrong, Harris Fosbinder. 
 Arbitration (elected) — P. P. Pratt, John Satterfield, Jewett M. Richmond. 
 Transportation (until 12th May) — Henry Montgomery, F. H. Tyler, E. B. 
 Wilber, Thomas Hodgson, John G. Kerr, W. H. H. Newman, J. Adam 
 Lautz, John P. Irish, Charles G. Curtiss, Robt. B. Adam, Philip Becker, 
 C. W. Hammond, N. W. Ransom. Real Estate and General Information — 
 Henry C. French, Henry W. Box, G. Barrett Rich, Chas. A. Sweet, George 
 H. Lewis, John Otto, John L. Williams. Lumber — Harvey J. Hurd, 
 W. W. Brown, W. W. Tyler, George P. Sawyer, Alfred Haines. Coal — 
 T. Guilford Smith, Thomas Hodgson, Thomas Loomis, George H. Lewis, 
 J. J. McWilliams. Oil— George P. Southard, A. S. Holmes, William E. 
 McNiven, John A. Donaldson, S. A. Wheeler. Groceries, Produce, etc. — 
 Leroy S. Oatman, George W. Hayward, J. H. Gail, Charles E. Selkirk, 
 Henry Hearne. Live Stock — John G. Kerr, N. W. Ransom, John Hughes, 
 M. F. Windsor, M. Danahy. Flour and Grain Inspection — W. C. Newman, 
 George B. Mathews, N. C. Simons, F. J. Henry, Charles G. Curtis, S. S. 
 Brown, Wilson H. Sherman. Grain — W. W. Sloan, George Sandrock, 
 Stephen F. Sherman, E. B. Wilber, F. J. Sawyer, Charles F. Sternberg, 
 Milton Brown. Call Board — Wilham Meadows, Warren F. Chandler, 
 H. V. Burns. Introduction — George Urban, jr., Peter C. Doyle, S. S. 
 Guthrie, Frederick Truscott, Charles Kennedy. Meteorological — N. C. 
 Simons, Frank W. Fiske, Willis C. Jacus. Harbor Improvement — John 
 
 C. Graves, Peter C. Doyle, B. D. Hedstrom, , Charles W. 
 
 Goodyear. 
 
 The blank in the Committee on Harbor Improvements is due to the 
 death of Mr. Alonzo Richmond on the morning of March 2d. The vacancy 
 was not filled when this part of our work went to press. The Express says 
 of Mr. Richmond: 
 
 " Alonzo Richmond was the son of Anson Eichmond, of Syracuse, and 
 was born in that city December 4, 1821, being in his 66th year at the time 
 of his death. He was first cousin to the famous Dean Eichmond. His 
 early years were spent in Syracuse, where he was educated in the public 
 schools. For a time he studied law, but, having a delicate constitution, it 
 was deemed best that he should have outdoor employment. The leading 
 industry in Syracuse was the production of salt, and Alonzo became asso- 
 ciated with his brothers, Moses and Jewett, in that business. After a few 
 years the salt interests of Syracuse were consolidated in a concern known as 
 the Onondaga Salt Company, which Mr. Richmond represented in Chicago 
 until 1864 or 1865, when he took up his residence in Buffalo, where his 
 brothers had established themselves in the grain and commission business. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Again the brothers united their interests, and Alonzo remained a partner 
 until about four years ago, when he retired with a handsome competency. 
 For the last twenty years his face and figure have been familiar in and about 
 the Board of Trade, of which body he has been president and always a 
 prominent member. At the time of his death he was a Civil Service Com- 
 missioner, appointed by the mayor. He never married. Alonzo Richmond 
 enjoyed the respect of every one who knew him. A purer character, a more 
 unselfish nature, a more kindly disposition, a sweeter temper, a more genial 
 soul than his if has never been the good fortune of this writer to know. 
 His life was blessed by his own good deeds. Simple in his habits, and pre- 
 ferring domestic retirement rather than public or social recognition, he had 
 not a personal acquaintance with one in a hundred of those who knew him 
 by name. He was devoted to the public good. No man has thought more, 
 few in a quiet way have done more to advance the prosperity of Buffalo, or 
 to promote the best welfare of her citizens. He was always on the watch 
 for opportunities in this direction. He was a man of ideas. No one 
 understood the transportation question better than he, and none has con- 
 tributed more material facts for an intelligent discussion of it. His special 
 regard was for the water route, but he was not in favor of hampering the 
 railroads with unjust restrictions. He was eminently a fair-minded, clear- 
 sighted man. His contributions to canal literature were many and valuable, 
 though seldom published over his own name. He ranked with the Seymours 
 as an authority on canal subjects and a champion of its interests." 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 BUFFALO is a terminal point of eleven trunk line railroads radiating 
 north, east and south, and oae of the greatest railroad centers on the 
 continent. lu addition the BufEalo Greek railroad connects the island, 
 the canal, the harbor, the elevators and the stock-yards with the various 
 main lines ; a belt line passenger road encircles the city, and several short 
 roads are in course of construction or projected to various tributary points. 
 
 NEW YORK CENTKAL AND HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD 
 
 The consolidation of the New York Central and the Hudson River 
 railroad companies was consummated November 1st, 1869. The former 
 company was oi'ganized in 1853 under a special law authorizing the 
 consolidation of the roads extending from Albany to Buffalo, as follows : 
 The Albany & Schenectady, the Schenectady & Troy, the Utica & 
 Schenectady, the Mohawk Valley, the Syracuse & Utica, the- ^Syracuse 
 & Utica Direct, the Rochester & Syracuse, the Buffalo & Rochester, the 
 Buffalo & Lockport, and the Rochester, Lockport & Niagara Palls. 
 The new company took possession August 1st, 1853. The Hudson River 
 Railroad Company was chartered May 12th, 1846, and opened from New 
 York October 3d, 1851. Since the consolidation to East Albany the 
 N. Y. C. & H. R. Railroad Company has built, bought, leased or chartered 
 the following-named roads : The New York & Harlem, the Spuyten Duyvil 
 & Port Morris, the Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley & Pittsburg, the Syracuse 
 Junction, the Buffalo Junction, the Geneva & Lyons, the Troy Union, the 
 West Shore, and three-fourths of the ownership of the two Hudson river 
 bridges at Albany. The capital stock of the company is 889,428,300; funded 
 debt, $56,424,333.33; current liabilities, $6,635,514.64; cost of road and 
 equipment, $146,630,682.19 ; cost of additions and betterments, 1886, $555,- 
 846.39 ; total miles of tracks, 3,688.25, of which 374.50 are laid with iron, 
 leaving 3,313.75 miles of steel rails. Lineal feet of bridges, 178,320. 
 Number of engine-houses, 58; shops, 19 ; elevators, 5, of 3,450,000 bushels 
 capacity. Number of employes, 19,260; aggregate salaries and wages, 
 $10,502,460.01. The equipment comprises 273 passenger engines, 349 freight 
 engines, 221 switch engines and 10 dummy engines, 940 passenger coaches, 
 and 32,280 box, platform, cattle, oil-tank, coal, conductors', tool and service 
 and derrick cars, and a total floating equipment of 65 boats, including 12 
 propellers and steam tugs. Number of miles run in 1886 by passenger 
 trains, 7,918,201; by freight trains, 12,503,729; by switching and working 
 trains, 8,206,817. Through passengers carried between New York, Buffalo 
 and the bridges, 168,188 ; way passengers, 14,493,930. Tons through freight 
 carried north and west, 389,390: east and south, 1,435,515; way freights. 
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34 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 both ways, 10,893,196. Gross earnings, $30,506,360.93; charges against 
 same, $29,433,394.41. Surplus, 1886, $1,072,966.51; deficit for 1885, 
 $953,647.90. The income account shows a 'surphis, September 30th, 1886, 
 of $11,473,469.38, against $10,508,332.39 at same period of 1885. 
 
 Chauncey M. Depew, of New York, is president of the company ; Charles 
 C.Clarke, first vice-president; Horace J. Hayden, second -vice-president; 
 James Tillinghast, assistant to president; Edwin D. Worcester, secretary; 
 E. v. W. Rossiter, treasurer ; Isaac P. Chambers, comptroller ; John jM . 
 Toucey, superintendent ; Henry Monett, general passenger agent ; Edson 
 J. Weeks, general agent, Buffalo, No. 1 Exchange street. The board of 
 directors is composed of Cornelius Vanderbilt, William K. Vanderbilt, 
 Fred'k W. Vanderbilt, Chauncey M. Depew, Charles C. Clarke, Horace 
 J. Hayden, Samuel P. Barger, J. Pierpont Morgan and Cyrus W. Field, of 
 New York ; William Bliss, of Boston, Mass. ; Erastus Corning of Albany, 
 N. Y. ; George C. Buell, of Rochester, N. Y., and Sherman S. Jewett, of 
 Buffalo, N. Y. The election for directors is held on the third Wednesday 
 in April in each year. 
 
 NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE AND WESTERN R. R. CO. 
 
 This powerful corporation operates, in addition to its own magnificent 
 four-track road from Buffalo to New York, branches, leased lines, etc., as 
 follows: The New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio road, the Hawley branch, 
 the Conesus Lake road, the Middletown & Crawford road, the Montgomery 
 & Erie road, the Chicago & Atlantic road, the Pavonia Ferry, Pavonia Horse 
 railroad, and Erie Express — the latter organized May 15th, 1886, to succeed 
 the United States Express Company on all roads controlled by the Erie Rail- 
 way Company. The total stock of the N. Y., L. E. & W. Railroad Company 
 September 30th, 1886, aggregated $86,536,900. The gross earnings for the 
 j'ear ending on that date were $22,500,047.73 ; working expenses, $16,388,- 
 638.14; net earnings, $7,057,869.23; interest on funded debt, rentals of 
 leased lines, etc., $7,043,258.28; surplus, $14,610.95— against a deficit of 
 $1,376,943.55 in 1885. The road proper, with all its appurtenances, equip- 
 ment, etc., and those of its branches and leased lines, are in superb condition. 
 The ofiBcers are: John King, president; S. M. Felton, ji-., first vice-presi- 
 dent ; Charles Paine, second vice-president ; A. R. McDonough, secretary ; 
 Edward White, treasurer; James A. Buchanan, attorney; L. P. Farmer, 
 general passenger agent; G. H. Vaillant, freight traffic manager; J. S. 
 Hammond, general freight agent; Stephen Little, comptroller; A. J. 
 McDowell, auditor of traffic ; AV. G. Fuller, purchasing agent — all of New 
 York; B. Thomas, general superintendent; J. H. Barrett, superintendent 
 Eastern division — all of Jersey City ; E. Van Etten, superintendent Delaware 
 division. Port Jervis, N. Y. ; D. H. Blackham, superintendent Susquehanna 
 division, Elmira, N. Y. ; W. B. Coffin, superintendent Western division, 
 Hornellsville, N. Y. ; G. W. Bartlett, superintendent Rochester division, 
 Rochester, N. Y. ; W. J. Murphy, superintendent Bufialo division, Buffalo ; 
 W. C. Rinearson, general northern passenger agent, Buffalo ; J. Deuel, 
 division freight agent, Buffalo. The Erie's board of directors is composed of 
 Messrs. Henry H. Cook, William B. Dinsmore, William N. Gilchrist, 
 James J. Goodwin, Jacob Hays, Morris K. Jesnp, John King, William Lib- 
 bey, John G. McCullough, Ogden Mills, Courtlandt Parker, George W. 
 Quintard, William L. Strong, J. Lowber Welsh, William A. Wheelock and 
 William Whitewright. Buffalo offices. No. 177 Main street, cor. Exchange. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 35 
 
 BUFFALO, EOCHESTEE & PITTSBUEG EAILEOAD. 
 
 This road, already completed, was purchased by the present company 
 under a charter granted October, 24th, 1885. The total length is 283.95 
 miles, single track, steel rails-. The equipment consists of 13 engines of all 
 classes, 42 passenger coaches, and 5,277 box, platform and other freight and 
 service cars. During the year ending October 24th, 1886, 318,779 passen- 
 gers and 1,326,084 tons of freight were carried; the gross earnings were 
 $1,393,013.31; gross expenses, $1,410,891.25; deficit, 817,877.94. The 
 common stock of the company aggregates $4,800,000 ; preferred stock, 
 $6,000,000; funded debt, $8,091,070, less redemption fund, $1,778,000; 
 total, $6,313,070. The officers of the company are: President, W. H. 
 Brown ; secretai-y, Thomas F. Wentworth ; treasurer, Fred. A. Brown — all 
 of New York city ; general manager, George E. Merchant, Eochester ; 
 general superintendent, James T. Gardner, Bufialo ; auditor and assistant 
 treasurer, John F. Dinkey; chief engineer, Wm. E. Hoyt; general freight 
 and passenger agent, I. S. Emery ; superintendent of motive power and 
 machinery, 0. W. Mills — all of Eochester. General offices. No. 20 Nassau 
 street. New York, and Eochester. 
 
 BUFFALO, NEW YOEK & PHILADELPHIA E. E. CO. 
 
 This company was organized February 14th, 1883, by the consolidation 
 or lease of the following railroads : The Bradford road, the Buffalo Coal 
 Company's road, the Kinzie road, the Kendall & Eldred road, the Genesee 
 Valley road, the McKean & Buifalo road, the Mayville Extension, and the 
 Olean, Bradford & Warren road, with the Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia 
 and Pittsburg & Western railroads. The capital stock is $50,000,000, and 
 the total length of track operated is about 674.16 miles — mostly steel rails. 
 The rolling stock comprises 116 locomotives, 49 first-class and 64 second-class 
 passenger coaches, and about 5,000 freight and service cars of all kinds. 
 Number of employes, 2,500. Gross earnings for 1886, $2,367,937.83 ; total 
 expenses, $1,844,364.50. The pi-incipal offices are in the Mills building, 
 New York, and at No. 242 South Third street, Philadelphia. Officers : 
 President, G. Clinton Gardner, New York ; secretary, Joseph E. Trimble, 
 Philadelphia ; treasurer, John Dougherty, New York ; auditor, W. L. Doyle, 
 Buffalo ; general superintendent, Geo. S. Gatchell ; general passenger agent, 
 J. A. Fellows; general fi-eight agent, E. T. Johnson ; chief engineer, E. D. 
 McCreary — all of Bufialo. Buffalo offices, Nos. 82 and 84 Exchange street. 
 
 MICHIGAN CENTEAL EAILEOAD COMPANY. 
 
 This prosperous company was originally organized in 1836, under the 
 name of the Detroit & St. Joseph railroad. Before completing any portion 
 it was sold in 1837 to the State of Michigan, and constructed as follows : 
 Detroit to Ypsilanti in 1838 ; Ypsilanti to Ann Arbor in 1839; Ann Arbor 
 to Jackson in 1841 ; Jackson to Marshall, 1844 ; Marshall to Battle Creek, 
 1845 ; Battle Creek to Kalamazoo, 1846. About March 28th, 1846, the 
 present company (Michigan Central) was incorporated under a special 
 charter, and the railroad and property purchased from the State, taking 
 possession thereof September 24th, 1846, and completing the road as follows: 
 Kalamazoo to Niles in 1848; Niles to New Buffalo in 1849; New Buffalo to 
 Michigan City in 1850; Michigan City to Chicago in 1852. The main line 
 extends from Buffalo to Chicago, via Niagara Falls and Detroit, 536 miles, 
 with branch lines connecting all important towns and cities in the State of 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
36 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Michigan, aggregating 1,027, making the mileage of the entire system 1,563, 
 with 140 miles of second and 576 miles_of side track — in all 2,259 miles — all 
 steel rails. The motive power consists of 293 freight and 126 passenger 
 engines — total 419. Of passenger coaches there are 293, of dining cars 7, 
 of freight cars 12,997 ; total cars, 13,297. Nnmber of employes averages 
 9,500. Through passengers carried in 1886, 93,058 ; way passengers, 
 2,826,381. Through freights, 1,607,557 tons ; local freights, 3,928,719 tons. 
 Income for year, $12,250,000; outlay, 8,350,000 ; profits, 13,900,000. 
 
 The Michigan Central Railroad Company is comparatively a new institu- 
 tion in the city of Bufialo, having gained an entrance into this city through 
 the acquisition of the Canada Southern Railway Company three years ago, 
 and in order to show its importance it seems but proper to state that it has 
 on its schedules during the winter months 96 passenger trains, and during 
 the summer months about 110. It runs five through trains daily between 
 Buffalo and Chicago. The time consumed by the fastest trains between 
 Buffalo and Chicago, a distance of 536 miles, is fourteen hours and forty-five 
 minutes, an average speed of about thirty-eight miles per hour, which fact is 
 suflRcient evidence that the track and equipment is first-class. The Michi- 
 gan Central's principal eastern connections are the New York Central & 
 Hudson River and Boston & Albany roads, over which through cars are run 
 between Boston, New York & Chicago via Buffalo. Connections at Buffalo 
 are also made with the West Shore, Now York, Lake Erie & Western, Dela- 
 ware, Lackawanna & Western, Lehigh Valley, Buffalo, Rochester & Pitts- 
 burg, and Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia, and at Suspension Bridge 
 with the New York Central and Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg roads. 
 Hence it will be observed that the Michigan Central is the connecting link 
 between Buffalo and Chicago in the great through line across the American 
 continent. At Chicago connections are made with all lines diverging. 
 
 The general offices of the road are at Graiid Central depot. New York ; 
 Central depot, foot of Third street, Detroit ; Nos. 183 to 189 Dearborn 
 street, Chicago ; No. 57 Exchange street, Buffalo. Officers: C. Vanderbilt, 
 chairman board of directors, iSlew York; H. B. Ledyard, president and 
 general manager, Detroit ; E. D. Worcester, vice-president and secretary. 
 New York ; Henry Pratt, treasurer. New York ; D. A. Waterman, auditor, 
 Detroit ; E. C. Brown, general superintendent, Detroit ; John E. Crampton, 
 general Eastern freight agent ; W. R. Busenbark, Eastern passenger agent, 
 Buffalo. 
 
 DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN. 
 
 This company was chartered in 1853, and the road, 888.86 miles in length, 
 completed in 1882. It is double track, all steel rails, and superbly con- 
 sti-ucted, the equipment consisting of 505 engines, 369 passenger and 34,231 
 freight cars. A branch road to Rochester is projected. General offices of 
 the company, New York city. President, Samuel Sloan ; general manager, 
 W. E. Hallstead ; assistant superintendent, Buffalo division, F. A. Seabert ; 
 general Western passenger agent, Ira S. Beers, No. 11 Exchange street, 
 Buffalo. 
 
 LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD. 
 
 This road is Buffalo's chief source of anthracite coal supply, and is a 
 
 most important adjunct to the manufacturing and shipping interests of the 
 
 city. Its total coal tonnage for the year ending November 30th, 1886, was: 
 
 Anthracite, 6,656,474; bituminous, 45,262; total, 6,701,736 tons, an increase 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDU8TBIE8 OF BUFFALO. 37 
 
 of 109,090 tons over 1883, the previous year of heaviest shipments. Miscel- 
 laneous freight carried, 3,041,016.66 tons; number of passengers, 2,664,235; 
 total gross earnings, $8,744,756.48; expenses, 15,293,816.56; net receipts, 
 $3,450,939.92. The total miles of steel track are 619.14. The equipment 
 consists of 329 engines, 120 passenger and parlor cars, 1 pay car, 63 baggage, 
 express and combination cars, and 42,089 cars of all other classes. The 
 officers are: Elisha P.Wilbur, president; Charles Hartshorne, vice-presi- 
 dent; Eobert H. Sayre, second vice-president; Wm. 0. Alderson, treasurer; 
 John E. Fanshawe, secretary ; H. Stanley Goodwin, general superintendent. 
 General offices, Bethlehem, Pa. 
 
 WEST SIIOEE EAILEOAD. 
 
 (N. Y. C. & H. R. R. Co., Lessee.) 
 
 J. D. Layng, general manager ; E. V. W. Eossiter, treasurer, Grand 
 Central depot. New York; P. B. McLennan, general counsel; J. W. 
 Musson, traffic manager; F. L. Pomeroy, general freight agent; Chas. 
 E. Lambert, general passenger agent; Isaac P. Chambers, comptroller. 
 Grand Central depot. New York ; C. W. Bradley, general superintendent, 
 Weehawken, N. J. ; L. S. Greves, general Eastern freight agent, No. 363 
 Broadway, New York; H. B. Jagoe, general Eastern passenger agent. 
 New York; A. A. Smith, New England passenger agent, Boston, Mass.; 
 Edson J. Weeks, general agent, Buffalo ; Wm. Caldwell, general Western 
 passenger agent, Chicago, 111. General offices: No. 5 Vanderbilt Avenue, 
 New York; freight and passenger office, No. 363 Broadway, New York. 
 Buffalo passenger office, No. 1 Exchange street, corner Main. 
 
 LAKE SBOEE & MICHIGAN SOUTHEEN EAILEOAD. 
 
 John Newell, president and general manager, Cleveland, Ohio; E. 
 Gallup, assistant general manager, Cleveland, Ohio; Edwin D. Worcester, 
 secretary and treasurer, New York; C. P. Leland, auditor, Cleveland Ohio ; 
 P. P. Wright, general superintendent, Cleveland, Ohio ; C. B. Couch, 
 superintendent Eastern division, Cleveland, Ohio ; J. T. E. McKay, general 
 freight agent, Cleveland, Ohio ; A. J. Smith, general passenger and freight 
 agent, Cleveland, Ohio ; E. C. Luce, assistant general passenger and ticket 
 agent, Cleveland, Ohio; L. H. Clarke, chief engineer, Cleveland, Ohio; 
 Geo. W. Stevens, superintendent motive power, Cleveland, Ohio ; William 
 Kline, superintendent telegraph, Toledo, Ohio; J. A. Burch, Eastern and 
 Southern 'passenger agent, office over No. 178 Main street, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 General office, Cleveland, Ohio; New York office. Grand Central depot; 
 Buffalo offices — D. Kenyon, freight agent, Louisiana street and Hamburg 
 canal; P. W. Burrows, ticket agent, No. 31 Exchange street; J. Q. Adams, 
 ticket agent. Exchange Street depot. 
 
 GEAND TEUNK EAILWAY. 
 
 General offices, Montreal, Canada; London office, 9 New Broad street, 
 London, England. Officers — Joseph Hickson, general manager, Montreal; 
 L. J. Seargeant, traffic manager, Montreal; W. Wainwright, assistant 
 manager, Montreal; James Stephenson, superintendent. Grand Trunk 
 section, Montreal ; 0. Stiff, superintendent Southern section, Hamilton ; 
 E. P. Hannaford, chief engineer, Montreal; Joseph Hopson, chief engineer, 
 G. W. section, Hamilton: William Edgar, general passenger agent, Montreal; 
 Digitized by microsoft® 
 
38 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 John Porbeons, general freight agent, Montreal ; T. Tandy, through traffic 
 general freight agent, Detroit, Mich.; Eobert Wright, treasurer, Montreal; 
 T. B. Hawson, traffic auditor, Montreal; H. W. Walker, accountant, Mon- 
 treal; John Taylor, general storekeeper, Montreal. Agents in Buffalo — 
 Thomas D. Sheridan, passenger agent, corner Exchange and Washington 
 streets; S. S. McCrea, freight agent, No. 177 Washington, corner Exchange; 
 also Eiver Street and Black Rock freight depots. 
 
 NEW YORK, CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS (NICKEL-PLATE) RAILROAD. 
 
 Runs from Buffalo to Chicago, 524 miles. General offices, Cleveland, 
 Ohio. Officers — D. W. Caldwell, receiver, Cleveland, Ohio; Wm. K. Van- 
 derbilt, president, New York ; F. W. Vanderbilt, secretary and treasurer. 
 New York; J. P. Cuny, auditor, Cleveland, Ohio; Lewis Williams, 
 general manager, Cleveland, Ohio ; G. B. Spriggs, general freight agent, 
 ('leveland, Ohio; B. F. Horner, general passenger agent, Cleveland, Ohio; 
 G. H. Kimball, superintendent Eastern division, Cleveland, Ohio ; C. D. 
 Gorham, superintendent Western division, Fort Wayne, Ind. ; P. G. 
 Murphy, commercial agent. No. 23 Exchange street, Buffalo; F. J. Moore, 
 ticket agent. No. 23 Exchange street, Buffalo. 
 
 BUFFALO, NEW YORK & ERIE RAILROAD. 
 
 Daniel N. Lockwood, president; John C. Gray, secretary and treasurer, 
 New York. Buffalo office, over Western Savings Bank. 
 
 BUFFALO CREEK RAILROAD. 
 
 Forming a line of road from the cattle-yards at the New York Central 
 railroad to the lands on the south side of Buffalo harbor. Officers — F. L. 
 Danforth, president; R. F. Goodman, general superintendent; Wm. H. 
 Sayre, secretary and treasurer. Office, Hamburg turnpike. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
commerce:. 
 
 THE LAKES AND THE CANALS— EXTENT AND IMPORTANCE 
 OF WATER COMMUNICATIONS. 
 
 GjiSiT WATES aOBTI 
 
 TLANIIC " 
 
 FROM the above map (for which we are indebted to the courtesy of 
 John Wilkeson, Esq., one of Buffalo's oldest and most public-spirited 
 citizens) it will be seen that this is the focal point at which meet the 
 direct and shortest lines of trade and travel between Boston, New York, 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore and all North Atlantic ports, the lake cities, and, 
 via the Northern Pacific railroad, the great Northwest and the Pacific 
 coast. By way of Buffalo also lies the sliortest and most practicable route 
 to Canada and British Columbia. The vast hard wheat regions of North- 
 ern Minnesota, Dakota and British America are brought into almost direct 
 water communication, through Buffalo, with all principal Atlantic ports, 
 and the products of Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington must seek a 
 market via this route. Much of the Japanese and Chinese trade must also 
 pass over the same route to the Eastern States and Europe. The grain of 
 Nebraska, Wyoming and Idaho naturally seeks an outlet via Duluth to 
 the East. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
40 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 One of the great needs of the cold Northwest is fuel, and anthracite is 
 the favorite. Buffalo is the only lake port from which it can be profitably 
 shipped, for the reason that returning wheat and ore vessels can carry it at 
 very low rates, thus making a profit both ways and offering vessel-owners 
 an inducement which will enable them to influence shipments to this port 
 in preference to any other, and particularly in slack times when freights are 
 scarce. This is an advantage of which no other lake port can ever deprive 
 Buffalo, and cannot but insure her continued ascendancy. For the same 
 reason vessels carrying ore for the Pennsylvania furnaces will eventually 
 prefer to unload here and carry return cargoes of coal to Lake Superior ports. 
 A project is on foot to connect the St. Louis river with the Mississippi, and 
 another to connect Lake Winnipeg with the Eed Eiver of the North. 
 It is claimed the expense will be comparatively small, and if ever accom- 
 plished the scheme will be in line with the far-reaching plans of De Witt 
 Clinton when advocating the construction of the Erie canal, and extend 
 our navigable waters to the eastern base of the Eocky Mountains, bringing 
 through the lakes to Buffalo, and through the canal and the Hudson to 
 New York, at moderate cost for freight, the bulk of agricultural and min- 
 eral products of all that mighty territory. 
 
 THE LAKES. 
 
 It would be difficult to overestimate the value to commerce, or the 
 beneficent influence exerted upon the progress and prosperity of the whole 
 country, of the magnificent chain of fresh water lakes — appropriately called 
 inland seas — that stretch away for many hundreds of miles from Buffalo to 
 Duluth, bearing upon their broad bosoms the peaceful fleets of two mighty 
 insular empires, carrying the products of a domain greater and grander than 
 all Europe. A severe storm last October did serious damage to the Govern- 
 ment breakwater and to the Buffalo harbor improvements. Both members 
 of Congress from this county have labored for an increased appropriation, 
 not only for repairs but for the deepening of the harbor and river channel 
 to Tonawanda, and were successful, a dispatch of March 2d informing the 
 public that the sums appropriated in the Eiver and Harbor bill, as finally 
 passed, for New York waters were : Buffalo $225,000, Dunkirk $5,000, 
 Gowanus bay $10,000. The " CuUom amendment," with respect to the 
 Hennepin canal, was incorporated in the bill. Unfortunately the hour at 
 which the bill was passed prevented its formal engrossment in time to receive 
 the President's official approval, and it consequently failed to become a law. 
 
 An intelligent appreciation, widely extended, of the value of the lakes 
 to the commerce of the nation would dispel all factious opposition to the 
 appropriation of all the funds requisite to render them the most valuable 
 and useful inland waters on the globe. 
 
 Eeferring to Buffalo's breakwater and harbor facilities, some time ago, 
 Capt. Mahan, an old lake skipper, said: " Let us compare our situation with 
 that of cities in the Old World. Antwerp is a city of Belgium not quite as 
 large as Buffalo. It had 205,000 people at the last census. But the com- 
 mercial activity there ! In 1885 I visited its great docks and learned that 
 for thirty years the city had spent $500,000 a year in harbor improvements 
 alone, independent of a©9#.«i.M*66jtiittesvifiQff®nount given by the Belgian 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 41 
 
 Government. Now Bufialo not only does not spend a cent for sncli things, 
 but it is not even making a live effort to secure a fair appropriation from 
 Congress. Here is Cleveland going away ahead in this respect. The break- 
 water there was begun after the Buffalo breakwater, yet it is now consider- 
 ably the longer, and the harbor is much better protected." 
 
 At a meeting of the Merchants' Exchange, held on the 3d of the present 
 month (March), Gen. Graves presented a report of the harbor committee, 
 which set forth that a visit had been paid to Capt. Mahan, U. S. Engineer 
 in charge of the harbor. They had been shown the plans for repairing tlie 
 breakwater with stone two feet below and twelve feet above low-water mark. 
 The report speaks of the inefiSciency of the breakwater, refers to the great 
 storm of October 14th last, and adds that wharves are expected to be built 
 along the lake and that vessels are to lie behind the breakwater. " Suppose," 
 it continues, "that such had been the case last October, who can estimate 
 the damage that would have ensued?" The new structure should, in the 
 opinion of the committee, be made five feet higher than tiie highest part of 
 the present structure. The following was appended to the report, which 
 was adopted and forwarded as indicated : 
 
 '■'Whereas, The United States has spent in times past large sums of 
 money for the improvement of the harbor of Buffalo, N. Y.; and 
 
 '' Whereas, The northern end of the superstructure of the breakwater at 
 Buffalo is to be rebuilt of stone ; and 
 
 " Whereas, The height of the proposed new superstructure is, in view of 
 the very poor anchorage afforded by the bed of the lake, and in view of the 
 very probable near construction of piers and wharves on the lake front, 
 wholly insufficient to protect the vessels lying inside the breakwater during 
 heavy gales, such, for example, as the one which raged here on October 14, 
 1886; therefore be it 
 
 "Resolved, By the Buffalo Merchants' Exciiange, that the honorable 
 the Secretary of War be petitioned to reconsider the plans which he has 
 approved for the reconstruction of the superstructure of the breakwater at 
 Buffalo, N. Y. ; and be it further 
 
 " Resolved, That the Buffalo Merchant's Exchange protest as strongly 
 as may be against the lack of height proposed for said superstructure ; and 
 be it further 
 
 " Resolved, That the honorable the Secretary of War be petitioned to 
 cause the height of the proposed superstructure to be increased at least five 
 feet, so that vessels lying behind the breakwater may be adequately pro- 
 tected ; and be it further 
 
 "Resolved, That the honorable the Secretary of War be petitioned to 
 cause to be taken such action as may be necessary at the earliest possible 
 moment, as the engineer in charge of the improvement of Buffalo harbor is 
 now engaged on the estimates for carrying on the work according to the 
 present plans. 
 
 " Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing be sent to the Chief of Engineers 
 at Washington." 
 
 Gen. Graves supported the report in a speech of some length, and it 
 was adopted without opposition. 
 
 Further along will be found the tables showing Buffalo's interest 
 in lake commerce. In this place we wish merely to present some inter- 
 esting figures showing the increase of tonnage in seventy years, from 
 
 3 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
43 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 1816 to 1886. In the former year, according to David Thomas' " Travels 
 through the "Western Country," the following list comprised all the craft 
 plying these waters: 
 
 Yebselb. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 American Eagle 48.67-95 
 
 Aurora 31 .69 " 
 
 Black Snake 21.08 " 
 
 Boxer 16.60 " 
 
 Dove 13.55 " 
 
 Commodore Decatur 49 . 14 " 
 
 Diligence 32.38 " 
 
 Diana 8.00 " 
 
 Experiment 29.69 " 
 
 Erie 77.41 " 
 
 Eagle 28.03 " 
 
 Eliza 23.82 " 
 
 Franklin 73.00 " 
 
 Firefly 24.09 " 
 
 Friendship 59.10 " 
 
 George Washington 99.73 " 
 
 Governor Cass 30.58 " 
 
 General Scott 20.28 " 
 
 General Jackson 60.00 " 
 
 General Brown 31 .22 " 
 
 General Wayne 85.39 " 
 
 Hannah 48.73 " 
 
 Hercules 59.18 " 
 
 Hornet 11.64 " 
 
 Industry " 
 
 Independence 21.00 " 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Leopard 18 
 
 Michigan 132 
 
 Monroe 28 
 
 Maria 24 
 
 Miami 10. 
 
 Merchant 21 . 
 
 Nautilus 23. 
 
 Neptune 61. 
 
 Olive Branch 14. 
 
 Commodore Perry 42 . 
 
 Salem Packet 27. 
 
 Buffalo Packet 12 
 
 Paulina 27. 
 
 Pilot 27. 
 
 Perseverance 28 , 
 
 Ranger 16 , 
 
 Superior 70. 
 
 Lucy Jane 15 
 
 Traveler 22 
 
 Union 104 
 
 Unknown 35 
 
 Venus 14 
 
 Widow's Son 40 
 
 Wasp 18 
 
 Wolf 28 
 
 Not enumerated 300 
 
 .00-95 
 
 .36 
 
 " 
 
 .70 
 
 (( 
 
 .28 
 
 tt 
 
 .46 
 
 n 
 
 .51 
 
 " 
 
 .00 
 
 tt 
 
 .64 
 
 tt 
 
 .19 
 
 tt 
 
 .50 
 
 tt 
 
 .00 
 
 '• 
 
 .00 
 
 tt 
 
 .25 
 
 tt 
 
 .05 
 
 tt 
 
 .65 
 
 tt 
 
 .79 
 
 " 
 
 .73 
 
 tt 
 
 .00 
 
 " 
 
 .23 
 
 tt 
 
 .30 
 
 '■ 
 
 .08 
 
 " 
 
 .00 
 
 tt 
 
 .79 
 
 " 
 
 .00 
 
 u 
 
 .78 
 
 •' 
 
 .87 
 
 " 
 
 Total lake tonnage 2008.00 
 
 In comparison with the above the appended table, showing the number 
 and total tonnage of lake craft of all kinds for 1886, must be very gratifying 
 to all Interested in navigation and shipbuilding. It is proper to state that 
 the figures are collated from the Inland Lloyd's Reports, and that several 
 new vessels have been built and put into commission since their compilation 
 — notably the Susquehanna, the largest, costliest and finest iron screw 
 steamer on the lakes, built at Buffalo : 
 
 BUILD AND EIG 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 BUFFALO. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 TONNAQB. ■■ 
 
 No. 
 
 TOKNiGS. 
 
 Side-wheel Steamers 
 
 42 
 879 
 704 
 319 
 
 2 
 
 12,580 
 
 240,312 
 
 185,142 
 
 121,565 
 
 375 
 
 94 
 21 
 29 
 
 
 
 65,971 
 
 Schooners 
 
 9 502 
 
 
 11,608 
 
 St Lawrence River Barges 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1946 
 
 560,004 
 
 144 
 
 87,381 
 
 
 The year 1886 was one of unusual misfortune to lake craft, as will be 
 seen from the appended table, which includes only vessels sailing from 
 United States ports. Of Canadian craft wrecked there were 33 schooners, 
 9 propellers, 6 barges, 1 steamer and 1 tug. The loss of life was 138, 
 against 85 for 1885. 
 
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44 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES Ot BUFFALO. 
 
 RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS BY LAKE AND CANAL. 
 
 The subjoined figures are from advance sheets of the official reports of 
 the Merchants' Exchange : 
 
 The Lake. 
 
 The amount of grain and flour received at Buffalo by lake during the sea- 
 son of 1886 has been exceeded but once in the history of Buffalo; that was 
 during the season of 1880, yet in 1878 and 1879 more gi-ain of all kinds was 
 received than in 1886. Every year shows increased milling facilities out 
 West, and a consequent increase in the movement of flour. In 1886 there 
 was an increase of 1,381,432 barrels of flour over 1885. Compared with the 
 year last named, there was an increase of 13,694,930 bushels of wheat, an 
 increase of 5,249,068 bushels of corn, an increase of 174,257 bushels of oats, 
 an increase of 186,167 bushels of barley, and a decrease of 86,879 bushels of 
 rye. The total increase in all grain over 1885 is 19,217,548 bushels, and in 
 all grain, flour reduced to wheat, 26,124,703 bushels. The receipts of lum- 
 ber compared with 1885 show an increase of 46,656,952 feet; in lath and 
 shingles there is also a large increase, but a decrease in staves. With the 
 steady growth of agricultural operations and increase of products of the 
 forest and mines at the West, the prospect of a steady augmentation of 
 lake shipments in the future is very bright indeed. An assurance of the 
 maintenance and improvement of the canals is all that is necessary to 
 render Buffalo the principal lake port in point of receipts. 
 
 Statement showing 
 
 the receipts 
 
 of most 
 
 Comparative 
 
 statement showing- 
 
 the re- 
 
 articles bj 
 
 lake during the season of lake 
 
 ceipts of leading articles by lake at Buf- 
 
 navigation, 1886 : 
 
 
 
 falo during 
 
 the season 
 
 of navigation for 
 
 Flour, bbls . . . 
 
 2,041,933 
 
 Logs, ft 
 
 4,729,150 
 
 three years 
 
 
 
 
 Flour, scka . . . 
 
 2.348,275 
 
 Lard, tcs 
 
 205,193 
 
 
 
 Lake 
 
 Lake 
 
 Wheat, bu 
 
 40,921,205 
 
 Lead, pigs 
 
 104,391 
 
 
 opened 
 
 opened 
 
 opened 
 
 Corn, bu... 
 
 25,494,838 
 
 Lead, tns. 
 
 90 
 
 
 April 25, 
 
 May 2, 
 
 April 16, 
 
 Oats, bu 
 
 864,356 
 
 Leather, rolls. 
 
 110 
 
 
 1884. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1886. 
 
 Barley, bu 
 
 755.184 
 
 Malt.bu 
 
 19,042 
 
 Flour, bbls .... 
 
 . 1,823 143 
 
 3,003,778 
 
 4,390,210 
 
 Eye, bu 
 
 151,025 
 
 Metal, scka... 
 
 114,954 
 
 Wheat, bu 
 
 . 33,671,756 
 
 27,226,275 
 
 40,921,205 
 
 Peas, bu 
 
 34,808 
 
 Oatmeal, bbls. 
 
 5,414 
 
 Corn, bu 
 
 . 16,051,163 
 
 20,245,770 
 
 25,494,838 
 
 Beans, bu — 
 
 1,700 
 
 Oilcake, scks. 
 
 205.450 
 
 Oats, bu 
 
 .. 3,118,781 
 
 690.099 
 
 864,356 
 
 Alcohol, bbls. 
 
 393 
 
 Oil, bbls 
 
 4,797 
 
 Barley, bu 
 
 537,937 
 
 569.017 
 
 755,184 
 
 Ashes, csks . . 
 
 337 
 
 Pork, bbls.... 
 
 26,983 
 
 Rye, bu 
 
 .. 2,376,186 
 
 237,904 
 
 161,025 
 
 Bullion, bars. 
 
 8fO 
 
 Pi? iron. tns.. 
 
 18,376 
 
 Coal, tons 
 
 1,841 
 
 522 
 
 520 
 
 Bitcon, tcs... 
 
 305 
 
 Felts, bdls ... 
 
 96 1 
 
 Copper, tons . . . 
 
 13,464 
 
 17,832 
 
 21,899 
 
 Copper, tns . . 
 
 21,899 
 
 K. K. lies. No. 
 
 48,8:33 
 
 Copper, bbls 
 
 3.317 
 
 731 
 
 697 
 
 Copper, bbls. 
 
 697 
 
 Rags, scks ... 
 
 3,091 
 
 Feed, bags 
 
 139.855 
 
 209,084 
 
 353,688 
 
 Copper, pigs . . 
 
 31,790 
 
 .Shingles, No.. 
 
 66,204,450 
 
 Hoops, No 
 
 . . 390,000 
 
 696,000 
 
 406,000 
 
 Copper, plates 
 
 2,300 
 
 Staves, No 
 
 1,490,500 
 
 Iron ore, tons . . 
 
 8,863 
 
 8,071 
 
 21.534 
 
 Cotton, bis . . 
 
 1,786 
 
 Btavebolts cds 
 
 9,199 
 
 Lumber, ft 
 
 .240,139,090 228,929,099 275,586.051 
 
 Coal, tns . . . 
 
 620 
 
 Seed, flax, bu. 
 
 2,960,163 
 
 Lath, No 
 
 .. 16,930,850 
 
 12,046,600 
 
 16,210,400 
 
 Cornmeal, bbl 
 
 3,188 
 
 Seed, bags 
 
 54,454 
 
 Lard, tcs 
 
 34,777 
 
 45.120 
 
 206,193 
 
 Peed, bgs . . . 
 
 353,688 
 
 Spelter, plates 
 
 41,752 
 
 Lead, pigs 
 
 63,637 
 
 72,229 
 
 104,391 
 
 Feed, tns 
 
 780 
 
 Stearine, bbls. 
 
 797 
 
 Lead, tons 
 
 1,250 
 
 70 
 
 90 
 
 Fish, pkgs ... 
 
 25,083 
 
 Sugar, bbls . . . 
 
 375 
 
 Oilcake, sacks.. 
 
 110,489 
 
 130.793 
 
 805,450 
 
 Olncose, bbls. 
 
 11.343 
 
 Starch, bxs.. . 
 
 10,521 
 
 Oatmeal, bbls . . 
 
 1,500 
 
 6,944 
 
 5,414 
 
 Grease, tcs... 
 
 5,709 
 
 Starch, bbls.. 
 
 300 
 
 Pig iron, tons. .. 
 
 6,575 
 
 10,974 
 
 18,376 
 
 Hides, bis.... 
 
 1,024 
 
 Silver ore, sck 
 
 38,277 
 
 Pork, bbls 
 
 41,520 
 
 3,940 
 
 26,983 
 
 Hay, bis 
 
 1,307 
 
 Silver ore. tns 
 
 900 
 
 Railroad ties. No. 70 664 
 
 21,831 
 
 44,853 
 
 Hay, tns 
 
 818 
 
 Tallow, bbls . . 
 
 8,046 
 
 Staves, No 
 
 797.115 
 
 2,940,559 
 
 1,490,500 
 
 Hair, bis 
 
 60 
 
 Tow, bis 
 
 860 
 
 Shingles, No 
 
 . 41,358,500 
 
 53,496,250 
 
 66,204,450 
 
 Hoops, No. . . 
 
 406,000 
 
 Tobacco, pkgs 
 
 10,416 
 
 Stavebolts, cds. 
 
 7,369 
 
 15,000 
 
 9,199 
 
 Iron ore, tns. 
 
 21,534 
 
 Wool, bis 
 
 10,786 
 
 Seed, flax, bu . . 
 
 . . 998,022 
 
 2,752,860 
 
 2,960,163 
 
 Lumber, ft... 
 
 275,586,051 
 
 Wood, cds 
 
 765 
 
 Seed, bags 
 
 68,423 
 
 40,749 
 
 54,464 
 
 Lath, No 
 
 16,210,400 
 
 Zmc, csks. .. 
 
 106 
 
 Wool, bales . . . 
 
 4,224 
 
 16,438 
 
 10,786 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 45 
 
 Comparative statement sliowing tbe aggre- 
 gate receipts of flour and grain at Buffalo 
 by lake, during the past three years : 
 
 .IS84. 1885. 1886. 
 
 Flour, bbis 1,823,143 3,008,778 4,300,310 
 
 Wheat, bu a3,671,756 27,226,275 40,921,205 
 
 Coin.bu 16,051,163 20,245,770 25,494,838 
 
 Oats, bu 3,113,781 690,099 864,356 
 
 Bailey, bu 537.937 569,017 755,184 
 
 Eye,ba 2,376,186 237,9U4 151,025 
 
 Total grain, bu.. 55,750,823 48,969,065 68,186,608 
 
 Statement showing the rates of freight on 
 wheat and corn from Chicago to Bufl'alo 
 on the dates given ; 
 
 1884. 1885. 1886. 
 
 Wheat. Corn. Wheat. Corn. Wheat. Corn. 
 
 May 4 2K .2 3 2M 3M 3 
 
 May 11 254 2 2K 2 3X 3)4 
 
 May 18 2 \% 1%, 1^ 3 23i 
 
 May25 2K 2 \>4 1)4 2X 2Ji 
 
 June 1 m 1% 1^ m 2J4 2X 
 
 June 8 1% \i4 IH IX 2)i 2 
 
 June 16 2)4 2 IJi 1 2!^ 2Ji 
 
 June 22 2X 2K IX W 3X 3 
 
 June 29 2K 2 1% IJf 3Ji 3 
 
 July6 2 \X 2 13i 2X 2 
 
 July 13 2 13i 1!^ IK 21^ 2X 
 
 July20 2 IJi IJi 1 3 2% 
 
 July 27 2 IJi 1 1 3 2% 
 
 Aug.8 IJi IH 2 IX 3 aji 
 
 Aug. 10 13i IJi 13i IX 3 2Ji 
 
 Aug. 17 1^4 IJi m W\ SH 3 
 
 Aug. 24 2 IM 2H 2 3H 3 
 
 Aug. 31 2X 2 1% IJi 4 SX 
 
 Sept. 7 2K 2X 1% IX 5K 5 
 
 Kept. 11 2 13i IJi 1^ 4X 4 
 
 Sept. 21 2 l?i 1!^ 1J<: 4 33i 
 
 Sept.28 13i IX 1}4 IM 4X 4« 
 
 Oct.5 13i IX 1% IM 5 4!(4 
 
 Oct. 12 1% 1% 2}4 2« 5 4% 
 
 Oct. 19 1% IX 2^ 2X 43i 4Ji 
 
 Oct. 26 21^ 2 3 23i 4% 414 
 
 Nov. 2 2Ji 21^ 3)^ 3 iv^ i 
 
 Nov. 9 214 2 2?^ 2X 43i 4 
 
 Nov. 16 2 2 2)4 2J4 3X 3 
 
 Nov. 23 2Ji 2 2 a 4Ji 4 
 
 Nov. 30 4X 4 3K 3 5K 43i 
 
 Statement showing the aggregate receipts 
 of grain and the total receipts of flour 
 reduced to its equivalent in wheat at 
 Buffalo for the past forty -five years : 
 
 
 
 Grain, including 
 
 
 Grain, bu. 
 
 flour, bu. 
 
 J842 
 
 2,015,928 
 
 5,687,463 
 
 1843 
 
 2,015,025 
 
 6.642,610 
 
 1844 
 
 2,865,568 
 
 6,910,718 
 
 1845 
 
 1,848,040 
 
 5,581,700 
 
 1846 
 
 6,493,522 
 
 13,386,167 
 
 1847 
 
 9,868,187 
 
 19,153,187 
 
 1848 
 
 7.396,912 
 
 14,641,012 
 
 1849 
 
 8,628,013 
 
 14,665,183 
 
 1850 
 
 6,618,003 
 
 12,059,556 
 
 1851 
 
 11,078,741 
 
 17,740,781 
 
 18.52 
 
 13,392,937 
 
 20,390,504 
 
 1853 
 
 11,078,741 
 
 15,956,626 
 
 1854 
 
 18,553,453 
 
 22,252,235 
 
 1865 
 
 19,788,473 
 
 24,472,278 
 
 1856 
 
 20,123,667 
 
 25,763,907 
 
 1857 
 
 15.348,930 
 
 10,678,690 
 
 1858 
 
 20,20J,244 
 
 26,812,890 
 
 1659 
 
 14,429,069 
 
 21,530,622 
 
 1860 
 
 31,441,440 
 
 37,053,115 
 
 1861 
 
 50,682,646 
 
 61,460,601 
 
 1862 
 
 58.642,314 
 
 72,872,454 
 
 1863 
 
 49,845,062 
 
 64,735,510 
 
 1864 
 
 41,044,096 
 
 51,177,146 
 
 1865 
 
 42,473,228 
 
 51,415,183 
 
 1866 
 
 51,830,342 
 
 58 388,087 
 
 1867 
 
 43,079,079 
 
 50,168,064 
 
 1868 
 
 42,573,125 
 
 50,197,315 
 
 1869 
 
 37,456,131 
 
 45,489,376 
 
 1870 
 
 38,208,039 
 
 45,477,604 
 
 1871 
 
 61,319,313 
 
 67,529,168 
 
 1872 
 
 58.703,606 
 
 62,550,566 
 
 1873 
 
 65,499,955 
 
 70.962,520 
 
 1874 
 
 55,665,198 
 
 62,526,153 
 
 1875 
 
 52,883,451 
 
 57,967,661 
 
 1876 
 
 44,207,121 
 
 48.184,036 
 
 1877 
 
 61,822,292 
 
 66,145,407 
 
 18^8 
 
 79,823,548 
 
 84,540,663 
 
 1879 
 
 74.105,455 
 
 78,547,578 
 
 1880 
 
 105,184,136 
 
 110,465,866 
 
 1881 
 
 54,288,351 
 
 58,088,071 
 
 1882 
 
 50.321,841 
 
 57,298,316 
 
 1883 
 
 64,264,483 
 
 73,126,028 
 
 1884 
 
 . . 55,750,823 
 
 64.866.538 
 
 1885 
 
 48,969.065 
 
 64,012,955 
 
 1886 
 
 68,186,608 
 
 90,137,658 
 
 Comparative statement showing the ship- 
 meats of a few leading articles from 
 Buffalo by lake for thirteen years : 
 
 Coal, Cement, Salt, Salt, 
 
 tons. bbls. bbls. tons. 
 
 1886 1,472.924 368,914 191.890 2,831 
 
 1885 1,416,547 269,271 137,093 8,961 
 
 1884 1,359,980 195,640 64,510 7.246 
 
 1883 1,177,074 214.724 118,422 13,786 
 
 1883 964,336 184,327 96.053 10,937 
 
 1881 841.312 164,521 112,812 12.341 
 
 1880 246.050 166,733 234,826 16,842 
 
 1879 513,580 114.802 253,647 26,386 
 
 1878 325,676 85,093 243,.303 18,167 
 
 1877 439,399 114,402 352,638 6,665 
 
 1876 356.970 156,410 261,610 2,320 
 
 1875 541.813 165,4.36 356,410 20,410 
 
 1874 396,564 156,371 461,513 5,000 
 
 Statement showing the opening and clos- 
 ing of lake and canal navigation at 
 Buffalo during the past thirteen years : 
 
 Lake Canal Canal Days 
 
 opened. opened. closed, open. 
 
 1874 April 18 May 5 Dec. 5 315 
 
 1875 May 3 MiiylS Nov. 37 194 
 
 1876 May « May 4 Dec. 6 316 
 
 1877 April 17 May 8 Dec. 7 214 
 
 1878 Mar. 16 April 15 Dec. 7 287 
 
 1879 April 24 May 8 Dec. 6 218 
 
 1880 Mar. 18 April 20 Nov. 21 215 
 
 1881 May 1 May 17 Dec. 8 206 
 
 1882 Mar. 26 Aprilll Dec. 7 212 
 
 1883 Apr:128 May 7 Dec. 1 209 
 
 1834 April 23 May 6 Dec. 1 310 
 
 1885 May 3 May 11 Dec. 1 205 
 
 1886 Aprill6 May 1 Dec. 1 214 
 
 The Erie Canal. 
 
 The business of the canal during the season last closed has doubtless 
 exceeded the expectations of its most ardent friends. Compared with 1885 
 there is an increase of 744 in the number of boats cleared ; an increase of 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
46 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 13,857,943 bushels of wheat; a decrease of 186,202 bushels' of corn; an 
 increase of 145,104 bushels of barley; an increase of 129,512 bushels of flax- 
 seed, and an increase of 10,325,492 feet of lumber. In the receipts, pig iron 
 shows an increase of 84,413,164 lbs., the arrivals of this article being more 
 than three times the amount which came to hand in 1885; the same is tnie 
 of bloom and bar iron, which shows an increase of 76,636,130 lbs. 
 
 Comparative statement showing the ship- 
 ments of most articles from Buffalo by 
 canal for three years : 
 
 1884 1885 1886 
 
 Lumber, ft 47,739,838 54,265,783 64,591,375 
 
 Staves, lbs 31,915,300 33,369,600 27,445,600 
 
 Shingles, M 18,914 9,031 10,641 
 
 FloQr, bbls 4,812 2,991 4,518 
 
 Wheat, ba 25,592,802 18,803,758 31,861,701 
 
 Corn, bu 6,941,741 12,731,611 12,545,403 
 
 Eye,bu 2,068,203 228,742 
 
 Barley, bu 203,603 138,190 283,294 
 
 Barley Malt, ba 204.650 204,385 106,149 
 
 Oats, ba 3,0H5,328 350,587 326,760 
 
 Bran, etc., lbs 1,795.674 1,331,491 924,000 
 
 Peas, bd 8,024 23,809 
 
 Clover seed, lbs 15,000 
 
 Flax seeds, lbs 16,347,965 84.080,948 91.851,7ft5 
 
 Oilcake, lbs 1,573.000 638,000 2,073,000 
 
 Pigii-on,lb3 6,375,010 7,637,780 11,520,480 
 
 Sundry mdse, lbs 47,600 12,000 
 
 Stonelime, etc., lbs.. 4,000,000 3,106.000 8,489,000 
 Bituminous coal, lbs. 63,915.781 54.064,066 39,352,687 
 
 Sundries, lbs 3,383,793 3,370,500 6,283,460 
 
 Total boats cleared . . 6,413 5,670 7,414 
 
 Statement showing the amount of grain 
 shipped by canal from Buffalo, and 
 points of destination of the same, dur- 
 ing the season of 1886 : 
 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Lockport 
 
 .. 348,239 
 
 16,483 
 
 
 
 Rochester . . . 
 
 .. 662,250 
 
 
 
 
 Utica 
 
 .... 
 
 149,400 
 
 
 
 Geneva 
 
 
 
 
 96,9ii 
 
 Albion 
 
 500 
 
 3,noo 
 
 
 
 Baldwinsville 
 
 
 8,600 
 
 
 
 Ithaca 
 
 
 5.000 
 
 
 
 Gasport 
 
 2,500 
 
 3,000 
 
 
 
 Lyons 
 
 
 
 
 9,350 
 
 Fultonville... 
 
 95,861 
 
 55,955 
 
 
 
 Oswego 
 
 
 8,200 
 
 
 
 Phoenix 
 
 15,979 
 
 
 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 . 157,803 
 
 148,9.<!7 
 
 
 3,959 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 
 16,000 
 
 
 
 Little Palls . . 
 
 
 91,925 
 
 
 .... 
 
 Schenectady . 
 
 . 26,800 
 
 790,923 
 
 61,70(1 
 
 
 Tanajoharie.. 
 
 ■ .... 
 
 33.855 
 
 
 
 Fort Plain . . . 
 
 
 8,386 
 
 
 
 Troy 
 
 . 1,743,561 
 
 573,967 
 
 
 
 Albany 
 
 .28,818,213 
 
 10,631,773 365,060 174,174 
 
 Totals 31,861,701 13,646,408 326,760 283,394 
 
 " 1885.. 18,003,758 13,731,611 350,587 138,190 
 
 Shipments of flour and grain for three 
 years : 
 
 Canal opened May 7. May 7. May 1. 
 
 Flour, bbls 5,849 4,813 4,518 
 
 Wheat, ba 17,842,272 25,593,802 31,861,701 
 
 Corn,bu 18,472.804 6,941,741 12.545.408 
 
 Oats, ba 2,949,375 3,066,328 836,760 
 
 Barley, bu 288,982 204.603 283,294 
 
 Eye,ba 2,821.790 2,066,283 
 
 Total, bn 42,370,223 37,871,757 45,017,163 
 
 Flc'rto wheat ba 36,745 34,060 22,590 
 
 Grand total, bu.. 42,896,968 37,895,817 45,039,758 
 
 Receipts by canal for 
 
 Lamber, ft 
 
 Timber, cubic ft. 
 
 Barley, bu 
 
 Apples, bbls 
 
 Dried fruit, bbls. 
 Pig iron, lbs.... 
 Castings.etc. lbs. 
 Bloom iron, lbs. 
 Phosphates, lbs. 
 Dom. salt, lbs. . . 
 Foreign salt, lbs. 
 
 Sugar, lbs 
 
 Molasses, lbs... 
 
 Coffee, lbs 
 
 E. E. iron, lbs.. 
 Crock'y.etc, lbs 
 M'chandise, lbs. 
 Stone, etc., lbs 
 
 Coal, lbs 
 
 Sundries, lbs. .. 
 
 1,554,894 
 515,153 
 
 three years : 
 
 1886. 
 134,278 
 9,246 
 
 2,833,978 
 
 61,562,711 
 
 899,-80 
 
 65.767,497 
 
 83,290,653 
 
 50,156 570 
 
 24,476,793 
 
 7,207,941 
 
 14,159.034 
 
 1,372.766 
 
 44,616,403 
 
 474.9J6 
 
 94 000 951 
 
 308.689,853 
 
 ,303,342,508 
 
 . 78,376,571 
 
 11,131 
 
 368,294 
 
 39,095,910 
 
 263,629 
 
 42,010,524 
 
 68,575,092 
 
 34.617,300 
 
 28,993,906 
 
 1,535,549 
 
 8,645.466 
 
 155,563 
 
 2,487,178 
 
 311,840 
 
 50,798,945 
 
 295,909,676 
 
 360,695,773 
 
 60,194,160 
 
 "-"tr 
 
 1886. 
 1,030,074 
 7,716 
 84,430 
 
 6,064;763 
 
 133,509,074 
 
 l,7a3,446 
 
 118,64li,654 
 
 107.713,279 
 
 14,743,335 
 
 26.676,265 
 
 19,064,756 
 
 6..846,3ll 
 
 9,035,482 
 
 49,980,683 
 
 317,250 
 
 115,267,550 
 
 342,297,682 
 
 162.890,638 
 
 130.894.932 
 
 Statement showing the rate of freight on 
 wheat, corn and lumber, from Buffalo 
 to New York, on the dates named : 
 
 -1883.. 
 
 251 
 
 Wheat, Corn, 
 bu. bu. 
 May 11... 5 4)^ 
 May 18.... 4X 4 
 May25....3K 3% 
 June 1... 3)4 3 
 June 8....3K 3 
 June 16. ...3^^ 
 June 33, ...3 
 June 29.... 3 
 July 6.... 3 
 July 18. ...8 
 July 20. ...3K 
 July 27....3>i 2% 
 Aug. 3... Z% 2% 
 Aug. 10.... 33^ 3H 
 Aug. 17....3M 3ii 
 Aug. 24.... 4 zy, 
 Aug. 81....4K 8% 
 Sept. 7....8Ji 8% 
 Sept. 14 ...&% 3>i 
 Sept. 21... 3% m 
 Sept. 28... Z% Sa 
 Got. 5....3>^ 3)4 
 Oct. 12... 3X "" 
 Oct. 19 ...4 
 Oct. 26. ...5 
 Nov. 2... 5K 
 Nov. 9...,5)if 
 Nov. 16. ...4 
 Nov. 28....5X 
 
 zy, 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 3« 
 6 
 
 Lumb'r. 
 ft. 
 $2.65 
 2.65 
 2.30 
 2.10 
 2.00 
 3.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 1.90 
 1.90 
 1.90 
 1.90 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.10 
 2.10 
 8.10 
 2.00 
 1.90 
 1.90 
 2.00 
 2..50 
 3.75 
 2.75 
 2.75 
 
 , 
 
 -1886.- 
 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Lum'r. 
 
 bu. 
 
 bu. 
 
 ft. 
 
 5X 
 
 5 
 
 $2.50 
 
 6X 
 
 5X 
 
 3.50 
 
 63i 
 
 5 
 
 2.50 
 
 5 
 
 AX 
 
 2.60 
 
 4Jf 
 
 4 
 
 2.50 
 
 3)f 
 
 3 
 
 2.50 
 
 3M 
 
 3 
 
 2.50 
 
 8K 
 
 si 
 
 SX 
 
 2 00 
 
 Z% 
 
 200 
 
 3y, 
 
 ZH 
 
 2.00 
 
 4 
 
 ZX 
 
 2.00 
 
 5 
 
 *ii 
 
 8.00 
 
 6 
 
 ^^ 
 
 2.25 
 
 AX 
 
 4ii 
 
 2.25 
 
 5Ji 
 
 4X 
 
 2,16 
 
 5?i 
 
 5if 
 
 2.75 
 
 6 
 
 SX 
 
 3.75 
 
 6 
 
 5^ 
 
 2.75 
 
 6X 
 
 6 
 
 3.00 
 
 f>y. 
 
 53< 
 
 3.00 
 
 6% 
 
 5y, 
 
 3.00 
 
 6 
 
 5y, 
 
 3.00 
 
 AX 
 
 4V 
 
 2.76 
 
 5)4 
 
 6 
 
 2.75 
 
 5% 
 
 55< 
 
 2.76 
 
 6X 
 
 5 
 
 2.75 
 
 *ii 
 
 4 
 
 2.75 
 
 4'A 
 
 4 
 
 2.75 
 
 i>X 
 
 S 
 
 2.75 
 
 Vlinm^nh 
 
 learanoes, 1886, 7,414. 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 47 
 
 Following are the shipments in bushels of 
 grain by rail from the Buffalo elevators 
 for the years noted : 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Corn 
 
 Oats 
 
 Barley 
 
 Rye 
 
 1886. 
 
 7,798 632 
 
 12,380.886 
 
 484.717 
 
 219,064 
 
 42,000 
 
 1885. 
 
 1884. 
 
 4,832,616 
 
 3,360,152 
 
 5,923,151 
 
 8,603,104 
 
 462,258 
 
 249,233 
 
 90.610 
 
 67,131 
 
 6,900 
 
 217,629 
 
 Total bu.... 20,919,299 11,315,544 12,397,249 
 And total shipments for previous ten years: 
 
 1883 17,40,3,379 1879 16,308,526 
 
 1888 13.205.193 1878 19,136,668 
 
 1881 21,808,356 1877 14,235,8115 
 
 1880 30,958,927 1876 13,672,7-32 
 
 Receipts and shipments of lumber 
 
 as follows for three years: 
 At Buffalo— receipts by lake — 
 
 1886. 1885. 
 
 Lumber, ri 279,493.000 840,637,000 231, 
 
 Shingles, No... 68,582,000 58,716,000 37, 
 Shipments by Canal. 
 
 Lumber, ft 64,591,260 64.264.760 
 
 Shingles, No... 10,641,750 9,031,000 
 At Tonawanda— receipts by lake— 
 
 1886. 1885. 
 
 Lumber, ft 505,425,400 498,631,000 
 
 Shingles, No . . . 32,636,000 
 
 Shipments by Canal. 
 
 Lumber, ft 347.932.840 355 830.400 
 
 Shingles. No... 32,036,000 26,083,750 
 
 47.' 
 
 1884. 
 
 ,663.000 
 
 ,616,0C0 
 
 739,850 
 ,457,000 
 
 1884. 
 ,268,200 
 
 ,455.640 
 ,668,000 
 
 The tonnage of the port of Buifalo, N. Y., 
 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1886, 
 is shown by the following statement : 
 
 Iron propellers 8 1 Iron yachts 2 
 
 Iron tugs 8 I — 
 
 Total 12 
 
 Total gross tonnage 14,305.17 
 
 Tugs 48 I Propellers 50 
 
 Yachts 13 I St'm canal Vts. 9 
 
 Total 120 
 
 Total gross tonnage 64,588.83 
 
 Schooners 36 
 
 Total gross tonnage 18,312.87 
 
 Barges 25 
 
 Total gross tonnage 6,478.56 
 
 Canal boats 21 
 
 Total gross tonnage 2,772.13 
 
 Grand total, 1886.. 214 vessels— tonnage.. 106,517.66 
 Grand total, 1885.. 214 vessels— tonnaje.. 112.014.60 
 Grand total, 1884. .216 vessels— tonnage.. 110,304.56 
 Grand total, 1883. .228 vessels-tonnage. .118,347.62 
 Grand total, 1882. .225 vessels— tonnase.. 110,180.60 
 Grand total, 1881. .217 vessels— tonnage. .100.815.43 
 Grand total, 1880.. 212 vessels— tonnage.. 99,543.69 
 Grand total, 1879.. 211 vessels— tonnage.. 97,734.46 
 
 The following is a summary of the ar- 
 rivals and departures of vessels, with 
 their tonnage, in the district of BufiFalo 
 creelc for the season of 1866 ; also, a 
 comparative statement showing the ag- 
 gregate figures for thirty-five years : 
 
 Arrivals — 
 
 Vessels in coastwise trade entered. .8,988 2,239,477 
 
 American vessels entered from for- 
 eign ports 170 28,690 
 
 Foreign vessels entered from foreign 
 ports 765 98,662 
 
 Totalinl886 3.863 2,:366.829 
 
 Totaiinl885 3,455 8,146,041 
 
 Increase in 1886 408 220,788 
 
 Clearances — 
 
 Vessels in coastwise trade cleared.. 3,984 2,267,174 
 
 American vessels cleared 166 23,603 
 
 Foreign vessels cleared 769 95,861 
 
 Total in 1886 3,909 2,386.638 
 
 Totalinl885 3,479 2,049,839 
 
 Increase in 1886 430 336,799 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 IF'^With one exception Bufifalo boasts the largest and most complete stock- 
 yards in the world — those at East BufEalo, under the snperintendency of 
 Mr. L. B. Crocker, of whom more extended mention is made on page 143. 
 The comparative receipts and shipments for 1886, and for the six previous 
 years, were as follows: 
 
 EECEIPTS. 
 
 Month. Cattle, Hogs, 
 
 cars. cars. 
 
 January 2,156 2,842 
 
 February 1,757 1,913 
 
 March 1,895 1,655 
 
 April 1,893 1,833 
 
 May 2,086 8,330 
 
 June 2,208 1,863 
 
 July 3,170 1,758 
 
 August 3,234 2,111 
 
 September 2,796 2,137 
 
 October 8,990 2,979 
 
 November 3,199 3,367 
 
 December 2,697 3,126 
 
 Total 30,081 27,914 
 
 Sheep, Horses, 
 
 cars. 
 
 cars. 
 
 1,162 
 
 77 
 
 713 
 
 121 
 
 639 
 
 217 
 
 603 
 
 199 
 
 504 
 
 201 
 
 679 
 
 155 
 
 775 
 
 127 
 
 824 
 
 137 
 
 709 
 
 124 
 
 929 
 
 114 
 
 801 
 
 77 
 
 987 
 
 79 
 
 9,324 
 
 1,688 
 
 SHIPMENTS. 
 
 Month, Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Horses, 
 
 cars. cars. cars. cars. 
 
 January 1,868 1.971 931 50 
 
 February 1,6-34 1,398 683 120 
 
 March 1,726 1.267 636 214 
 
 April 1,840 1371 477 178 
 
 M^y 1,954 1,701 512 185 
 
 June 2,084 1,.387 659 152 
 
 Jnly 2,700 1,200 618 103 
 
 August 2,902 1,387 629 115 
 
 September 2,464 1,476 634 109 
 
 October 2.727 2.249 784 105 
 
 November 3,918 2,547 619 76 
 
 December 2,446 1,924 665 87 
 
 Total 27,362 19,898 7,681 1,494 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
48 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OK BUFFALO. 
 
 
 Eeceipts.- 
 
 - Continued, 
 
 
 Shipments. 
 
 —Continued. 
 
 
 
 Cattle, 
 
 Hogs, 
 
 Sheep, 
 
 Horses, 
 
 
 Cattle, 
 
 HORS, 
 
 Sheep, 
 
 Horses, 
 
 Via 
 
 cars. 
 
 cars. 
 
 cars. 
 
 cars. 
 
 Via 
 
 cars. 
 
 cars. 
 
 cars. 
 
 cars. 
 
 L. S. &M. S. 
 
 .. 15,816 
 
 16,247 
 
 4,063 
 
 1,200 
 
 N. Y. C. & H. 
 
 R. 16,118 
 
 14,334 
 
 4,499 
 
 821 
 
 N. y. C. &st. 
 
 L. 6,8-35 
 
 6,901 
 
 1,172 
 
 66 
 
 Del.. L. & W. 
 
 ... 5.232 
 
 771 
 
 835 
 
 196 
 
 Grand Trunk 
 
 ... 2,640 
 
 1,510 
 
 2,594 
 
 182 
 
 N. Y., L E. & W. 2.363 
 
 4,197 
 
 1,919 
 
 160 
 
 Mich. Central 
 
 ... 4,631 
 
 3,090 
 
 1,416 
 
 163 
 
 West Shore 
 
 .... 3,610 
 
 584 
 
 427 
 
 314 
 
 B. & S. West. 
 
 ... 113 
 
 137 
 
 62 
 
 4 
 
 B., N. Y. & P 
 
 39 
 
 () 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 B., N. Y. &P 
 
 53 
 
 W. 1 
 
 16 
 2 
 
 15 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 N. T.,L. B. & 
 
 
 
 
 N. Y. C. &H. 
 
 R, 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Total. 1886. 
 
 ...27,362 
 
 19,898 
 
 7,684 
 
 1,494 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 1885 
 
 ...31,346 
 ..28,441 
 
 16,594 
 15,791 
 
 6,654 
 
 1,160 
 
 TotJil. 1886. 
 
 ...30,081 
 
 27,914 
 
 9,324 
 
 1,622 
 
 Total, 1884. 
 
 6,555 
 
 1,258 
 
 Tota', 1885. 
 
 ...25.228 
 
 22,724 
 
 10,063 
 
 1,244 
 
 Total, 1883. 
 
 ...3-3,735 
 
 15,730 
 
 6,916 
 
 999 
 
 Total, 1884. 
 
 ...29,860 
 
 21,120 
 
 7,562 
 
 1,375 
 
 Total, 188-3. 
 
 ...85.024 
 
 13,560 
 
 6.319 
 
 956 
 
 Total, 1883. 
 
 ...35,515 
 
 20,692 
 
 8.110 
 
 1,064 
 
 Total, 1881 . 
 
 .. 41,084 
 
 12,5.33 
 
 4,654 
 
 853 
 
 Total, 1882. 
 
 ...37,115 
 
 17,902 
 
 7,300 
 
 1,094 
 
 Total, 1880 
 
 . .44,668 
 
 16,002 
 
 4,698 
 
 1,105 
 
 Total, 1881. 
 
 ...38,653 
 
 16,-357 
 
 5,562 
 
 1,022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 1880. 
 
 ...46,258 
 
 19,581 
 
 5,166 
 
 1,293 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GROWTH OP THE TRADE. 
 
 The following table shows the growth 
 of the trade at this point from the year 
 1874 to 1886, inclusive: 
 
 Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Horses, 
 
 Year. head. head. head. head. 
 
 1874 604,694 1,431,800 7P3,800 21,936 
 
 1875 613,680 1,067,300 831,000 18.187 
 
 1876 615,790 1,150,210 878.988 18.642 
 
 1877 .569,916 1,188,770 762,600 12.557 
 
 1878 ....667.809 2,063,765 1,08-3.225 13,602 
 
 1879 633,566 1,916.015 1.019,600 20,976 
 
 1880 786,386 2.251.815 1,033.200 80.768 
 
 1881 738,900 2,096,325 1,113.360 17,366 
 
 1882 630.955 1,965,350 1,460.000 17..S76 
 
 1883 603,7.55 2,379,580 1,622,000 17,040 
 
 1884 507,620 2.4-28.800 1 ,518 400 28,000 
 
 1885 4-28,876 2,613,260 2,010.600 19,904 
 
 1866 511,877 3,710,110 1,864,800 29,196 
 
 STOCK SLAUGHTERED. 
 
 The following table shows the estimated 
 amount of stock slaughtered lu this city 
 from the year 1874 to 1886, inclusive: 
 
 Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, 
 Year head. head. head. 
 
 1874 35,073 173,300 96,800 
 
 1875 19.956 159,500 11-S200 
 
 1876 25.651 208,660 103,678 
 
 1877 20.168 171.000 47,500 
 
 1878 53,0-35 386,210 175,265 
 
 1879 23,511 310.845 87,600 
 
 1880 28,000 406,295 88,600 
 
 1881 35.846 443,100 98.600 
 
 1888 36.547 406.180 196,300 
 
 1883 47.860 670.680 238,800 
 
 1884 84,1-33 613.8-35 201,400 
 
 1886 66.994 704.950 679,800 
 
 1886 46,223 921,860 328,600 
 
 The following table shows the number of 
 carloads of sale and through stock re- 
 ceived at the New Tork Central stock 
 yards for the year just closed as com- 
 pared with the year 1885: 
 Through stock — 
 
 Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, 
 
 cars. cars. cars. 
 
 1886 14,8-39 10,512 1,676 
 
 1885 11,154 9,654 1,743 
 
 Increase 3,685 868 
 
 Decrease .... 66 
 
 Sale stock— 
 1886 .. . 
 
 Cattle, 
 cars. 
 . . 10 463 
 
 Hogs, 
 cars. 
 9,418 
 
 7,730 
 
 1,688 
 
 Sheep, 
 cars. 
 6 618 
 
 1885 
 
 Increase 
 
 8,597 
 
 1,866 
 
 6,593 
 23 
 
 
 Eegulation of 
 
 Live 
 
 The following figures give the approxi- 
 mate cash value of the total receipts of 
 the live stock at this point, the value 
 of the sale stock, and value of stock 
 slaughtered in this city for the year 
 1886, estimating cattle $4.00, hogs at 
 $4.40, sheep and lambs at $4.50 per cwt. : 
 
 Value of total receipts- 
 Cattle $34,064,800.00 
 
 Hogs 37,120,752.00 
 
 Sheep 6,291,700.00 
 
 Total $57,477,252.00 
 
 Value ol sale stock — 
 
 Cattle $ 8.460,800.00 
 
 Hog^ 9,249,240.00 
 
 Sheep 4,609,000.00 
 
 Total $-32,219,040.00 
 
 Value of stock slaughtered— 
 
 Cattle $2,175,200.00 
 
 Hogs 7,769,488.00 
 
 Sheep 1,069,085.00 
 
 Total $11,003,713.00 
 
 Stock Transportation. 
 
 February ISth, State Senator Ooggeshall introduced a bill providing, in 
 substance, that on and after its passage it shall be unlawful for any railroad 
 company, whose line of road is wholly or in part within the limits of this 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 49 
 
 State, to discriminate against any person, company, or corporation by 
 declining to receive upon its road and haul to their destination, over a part 
 or the whole of such line of railroad, any live stock in suitable condition 
 for shipment which may be loaded in the car or cars of any person, com- 
 pany, or corporation, providing such car or cai-s are so constructed as to 
 make them safe for the purposes for which they are employed ; that when 
 cars are constructed in such manner as to make them safe for transporting 
 live stock in suitable condition for shipment, it shall be the duty of any 
 railroad company, whose line of road is wholly or in part within the limits 
 of this State, to receive and haul the car or cars to the desired destinations 
 upon the same terms, subject to the same conditions and liable to the same 
 obligations as it is then hauling similar car or cars for other railroad 
 companies under like conditions ; that whenever it shall become necessary 
 to move any empty car or cars, owned or operated by any person, company, 
 or corporation, from one place to another for the receipt of live stock to be 
 shipped, the railroad company shall receive such car or cars and haul it or 
 them to the desired destination or destinations upon the same terms and 
 subject to the same conditions as it is then hauling empty cars for other 
 railroad companies for the same purpose ; that any railroad company whose 
 line of road is wholly or in part within the limits of this State, who shall 
 violate any of the provisions of this act shall be liable to the person, 
 company, or corporation owning or operating said car or cars, for all 
 damages which may result therefrom ; that said damages may be recovered 
 in action prosecuted in any court having jurisdiction thereof, and that any 
 railroad company, whose line of road is wholly or in part within the limits 
 of this State, who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall, in 
 addition to the right of action given in the preceding section, be liable to 
 the consignor or consignors or the consignee or consignees of such stock for 
 all damages which may result therefrom. The same may be recovered in 
 an action prosecuted in any court having jurisdiction thereof. 
 
 THE NIAGARA RIVER. 
 
 This stream, narrow, swift and dangerous for some distance below the 
 inlet, connecting Lake Erie with Lake Ontario and supplying the vast 
 volume of water that rushes in eternal thunder over Niagara Falls, is navi- 
 gable and utilized for the needs of commerce as far as Tonawanda, twelve 
 miles below Buffalo and the principal lumber port of the State. The river 
 is a picturesque and romantic feature, dotted with islands of greater or less 
 extent, the principal ones being Squaw Island, Grand Island and Strawberry 
 Island. Strawberry and Squaw Islands are flat and low-lying, but produce 
 excellent crops ; Grand Island is partly under cultivation, and is adorned 
 with a fine grove and provided with the necessary accessories of a popular 
 pleasure resort, being reached by steamer throughout the summer. A fine 
 hotel is being built, which will greatly add to the attractions. The Niagara 
 is spanned at Black Rock by the great International bridge of the Grand 
 Trunk railway — one of the greatest engineering triumphs ever achieved. A 
 ship canal extends from Buffalo harbor to Black Rock, and sailing vessels and 
 barges towed to Tonawanda by way of the river are towed back past the 
 rapids to the lake via canal. The following shows the number of lumber 
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50 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 vessels and rafts that passed and repassed throu.2;li the International bridge 
 during the past season of navigation : 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 * Decrease. 
 
 Intern'ational Bridge.-(Grand Trunk Railway.) 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
ITJrlB: GRAIN TRADB. 
 
 BUFFALO unquestionably owes her past prosperity and present promi- 
 nence more to the Erie canal than to all other causes combined. 
 Projected in 1807, it was opened for traffic in 1835, and at once became 
 the great artery of commerce between the East and West, pouring into the 
 lap of Buffalo, directly and indirectly, untold wealth, accruing from the 
 handling of eastward-bound grain and westward-bound merchandise, bring- 
 ing hither legions of industrious people of all classes — enterprising specu- 
 lators, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, shipbuilders, railroad projectors, 
 mechanics, laborers, and all the elements that combine to build up and 
 advance a community. The growth of this city from that date to the present 
 has been, if not phenomenal, at least steady and substantial, as is evidenced 
 by the statistics of population. In 1835, the year of inauguration of the 
 great water-way from the lakes to the Hudson and thence to the Atlantic, 
 Buffalo contained 3,413 souls; in 1830, 8,668; in 1835, 15,661; in 1840, 
 18,313; in 1845, 39,773; in 1850, 43,361; in 1855,74,414; in 1860, 81,139; 
 in 1865, 94,503 ; in 1870, 117,714; in 1875, 134,573; in 1880, 163,506; in 
 
 1885, 333,440, and (estimated) in 1886, 240,604. Whoever may have origin- 
 ated the idea, it is certain that to Governor De Witt Clinton's unbounded 
 industry, energy and determination, more than to any other one cause, is 
 the city, the State and the nation indebted for the prosecution and comple- 
 tion of this then mighty work of internal improvement, undertaken under 
 the greatest discouragements and carried on to a triumphant issue in the 
 face of difficulties such as no other public or private enterprise on this con- 
 tinent ever encountered, means and resources considered. 
 
 Notwithstanding the powerful combinations to divert the grain trade to 
 the railroads, and to the Welland canal and St. Lawrence, the Erie canal has 
 bravely held its own under adverse circumstances, as will be seen by the 
 appended tables of imports and exports for the yeai's 1883, 1884, 1885 and 
 
 1886, for which we are indebted to Secretary Thurstone, of the Merchants' 
 Exchange : 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
52 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Canal Opened. 
 Flour, barrels 
 
 Wheat, bushels 
 
 Corn, bushels 
 
 Oats, bushels 
 
 Barley, bushels 
 
 Eye, bushels 
 
 Total, bushels 
 
 Flour to wheat, bushels 
 
 Grand total, bushels. . 
 
 Mat 7, 1883. 
 
 5,349 
 
 May 7, 1884. 
 
 4,813 
 
 Mat 11, 1885. 
 
 3,991 
 
 Mat 1, 
 
 4,518 
 
 17,824,372 
 18,472,804 
 
 3,949,375 
 383,983 
 
 2,831,790 
 
 25,593,803 
 
 6,941,741 
 
 3,066,328 
 
 204,003 
 
 3,066,383 
 
 18,003,758 
 
 12,731,611 
 
 350,587 
 
 138,190 
 
 338,742 
 
 31,861,701 
 
 12,545,408 
 
 326,760 
 
 283,294 
 
 43,352,223 
 26,745 
 
 37,871,757 
 24.065 
 
 31,453,888 
 14,955 
 
 45,017,163 
 22,590 
 
 42,378,968 
 
 37,895,822 
 
 31,467,813 
 
 45,039,753 
 
 Previous to 1842 the commercial grain elevator was unknown, and the 
 unloading of lake vessels and loading of canal-boats was accomplished by 
 the slow and laborious process of carrying the grain on the shoulders of 
 laborers from one craft to the other. In the year named Joseph Dart, an 
 ingenious and far-sighted Buffalo mechanic, conceived and carried into 
 practical effect the idea of a steam elevator, adopted from that of Oliver 
 Evans, in use in merchant flour mills, East and West. Before the Buffalo 
 Historical Society, March 1865, Mr. Dart stated, in a paper prepared for the 
 occasion : " My experiment from the very first working, was a decided and 
 acknowledged success. Within a month after I started, a leading for- 
 warder, who had confidently predicted that shippers could not afford to pay 
 the charges of elevating by steam, came to me and offered double rates for 
 accommodation, but my bins were all full. The great saving of time by the 
 use of the elevator was immediately seen. To give an instance that occurs 
 to my mind, the schooner John B. Skinner came into port, with four 
 thousand bushels of wheat, early in the afternoon, and was discharged, 
 received ballast of salt and left the same evening ; made her trip to Milan, 
 Ohio, brought down a second cargo and discharged it, and on her return to 
 Milan, went out in company with vessels which came in with her on the 
 first trip down, and which had but just succeeded in getting rid of their 
 freight in the old way." 
 
 Never was an invention better timed. The great Northwest had just 
 commenced her wonderful career of agricultural success, and the ever- 
 increasing volume of her products sought an outlet through the lakes and 
 the canal. Elevator after elevator was erected, until at this time some 
 forty of these lofty structures of varying capacity line the Buffalo river and 
 the canal, twenty-two of which are storage and ten transfer elevators, and 
 five floaters ; and the demand is for increased facilities each year. Needless 
 to say, railroad building, lake navigation and local improvement have kept 
 pace with the commercial growth of the city, and she now stands in the 
 front rank of inland business centers, with a bright vista of grand prospects 
 before her — a future full of promise, to be realized only by continuing the 
 policy of enterprise and commercial integrity that have already done so 
 much for her. . It is not, however, too much to say that the Erie canal is 
 now, as heretofore, the key-stone in the arch of her hopes. Once let that 
 superb work fall into the hands of its enemies, the railroads, or into desue- 
 tude, and the knell of Buffalo's commercial supremacy will soon be heard ; 
 her glory will have departed, and from the proud position of Queen of the 
 Lakes she will descend to a mere way-station on the trunk railroad lines ; 
 her elevators will rot as they stand, her wharves go to ruin, and scarcely a 
 sail will dot or a steam-tug ripnle the bosom ^her beautiful bay. 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 53 
 
 Among the first to realize the importance to Buffalo and the West of an 
 enlightened policy in the management of the canals, and to perceive the neces- 
 sity for enlarging and making them free, was Hon. David S. Bennett, one of 
 the city's foremost business men. Mr. Bennett was born and reared on an 
 Onondaga county farm, educated at the Onondaga academy, married and 
 commenced life on a two-hundred acre farm transferred by his father, added 
 to his gains by various trades, then entered the produce commission business 
 at Syracuse, afterward organized the house of Bennett, Hall & Co., New 
 York, and came to Buffalo in 1853 to represent it, purchasing the elevator 
 erected by Joseph Dart, the first one in the world operated by steam. Not 
 long afterward Mr. Bennett and the late George W. TifEt built another 
 elevator on the Ohio basin, and subsequently the former joined A. Sherwood 
 & Co. in the erection of still another on Coit slip, which was burned. In 
 1863 work was begun on the Bennett elevator (Mr. B.'s individual enter- 
 prise), which was completed in 1866, and which, with the "' Union " 
 adjoining, has a storage capacity of 700,000 bushels and can handle 
 20,000,000 bushels per annum. In recognition of his business ability, 
 patriotism and public services in a private capacity, Mr. Bennett was 
 chosen in 1865 to represent the Buffalo district in the State Senate, where 
 he distinguished himself by devotion to the material interests of his con- 
 stituents, giving special attention to the canal system, urging enlargement 
 of the locks to admit boats of 600 tons, and pointing out the unfortunate 
 results that have since followed, the inadequacy of the craft plying the Erie 
 and Oswego canals. Jealousy, indifference, possibly worse, defeated his 
 efforts, but that his services were appreciated at home was proven by his 
 overwhelming election to the Forty-first Congress. Thoroughly convinced 
 of the incapacity and illiberality of the New York Legislature in its dealings 
 with the canal question, Mr. Bennett introduced and carried through the 
 proper committees a bill transferring to the general government the Erie 
 and Oswego canals, and imposing upon it the duty of enlarging and main- 
 taining them free of tolls — the condition being that the State Legislature 
 would accept the proposition. That august body declined, in consequence 
 of which the through canals fell into a state of neglect and partial disuse, 
 and even the plan of making them free at State expense has not had the 
 effect of reviving their commerce. Meantime the Canadian ship canal is 
 completed, and Buffalo sees a large portion of the Western wheat-handling 
 trade carried past her very doors as the penalty of hide-bound selfishness at 
 Albany — an injury which a later more liberal policy looking to the improve- 
 ments of the canals will require years to remedy. This triumph comes to Mr. 
 Bennett after a persistent struggle of seventeen years, during which time 
 he incessantly fought the interested opponents of his pet measure abroad, 
 and a short-sighted and shallow press at home, incapable of rising to a 
 broad national and patriotic view of a subject so nearly affecting the com- 
 mercial supremacy of the United States on this continent and the immediate 
 business interests of Buffalo. He carried his fight not only into the halls 
 of State and federal legislation but into the State conventions, both Repub- 
 lican and Democratic, meeting with repulse at every point, yet never 
 despairing. .Now, when the mischief is done and the damage from delay 
 alrnost irremediable, he has the grim satisfaction of seeing his fiercest 
 opponents and obstructionists flocking to his standard in a body. 
 
 The following remarkable letter was written by this indefatigable cham- 
 pion of the canals in the winter of 1885-86, and is well worthy of preserva- 
 tion as a portion of the history of this remarkable struggle: 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
54 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 " You will now allow me to bring to public notice, briefly, the action 
 taken during the Forty-first Congress, in which I had the honor to repre- 
 sent this district. On the sixteentli of February I introduced a bill asking 
 for an appropriation of fifteen million dollars, to be applied to the payment 
 of the canal debt of the State of New York, and the prompt enlargement 
 and improvement of the Erie and Oswego canals. This bill was discussed 
 freely during the first session, and a new bill introduced and referred to the 
 committee of commerce, of which I was a member. It was unanimously 
 reported from this committee, also from the committee of appropriations. 
 I then forwarded it to Mr. Alberger, a member of the State Legislature, 
 asking for the passage of a joint resolution accepting the provisions of 
 the bill. It was stopped there by him, without any apparent reason. I 
 allowed the bill to remain quiet in the committee until after the adjourn- 
 ment, simply forwarding a copy of it to the chamber of commerce in New 
 York, which, as you know, is a body composed of commercial men of high 
 standing. I then addressed a letter to its chairman, the late William £. 
 Dodge, asking for a hearing at this conference. He replied promptly, 
 naming the days of their meetings, and expressing a desire to hear me 
 at any time. I thereupon presented the measure, and my brief argument 
 in support of it was received and a resolution passed, unanimously indorsing 
 it, before they adjourned. 
 
 " With such indorsement as the two committees referred to above, com- 
 posed of twenty-five men from all parts of the country, and the indorsement 
 of the chamber of commerce of the city of New York, together with the 
 convictions of the people of the country during the last seventeen years, of 
 the importance of the measure, I believe our present representatives from 
 this district can pass a bill calling for an amount amply suflicient to enlarge 
 and improve the Erie canal to the full extent of th.e water to supply the 
 same , having it expressed in the bill that if promptly passed during this 
 session, so as to give the State of New York the summer to procure the nec- 
 essary materials, that it shall be completed and ready for navigation on the 
 opening of the spring of 1887." 
 
 THE WESTERN ELEVATING COMPANY. 
 
 A fair idea of the extent of the grain receipts at this port during the 
 past seventeen years may be gathered from the subjoined statement of Sec- 
 retary P. G. Cook, of the Western Elevating Company, to the canal com- 
 mittee of the General Assembly, February 25, 1885, to which are added the 
 official figures for 1885 and 1886. Receipts for — 
 
 1879 75.089,768 
 
 1880 105.133,009 
 
 1881 56,389,827 
 
 1883 51,561.503 
 
 1883 65,723,080 
 
 1884 58,011,800 
 
 1885 53,000.000 
 
 1886 75,570,850 
 
 1870 33,208,039 
 
 1871 61.319,313 
 
 1873 58,703,666 
 
 1873 65,498,955 
 
 1874 55.665,198 
 
 1875 53,833,451 
 
 1876 44,207,131 
 
 1877 Cl,83i,392 
 
 1878 78,838,443 
 
 Concerning the facilities that exist here for handling this vast aggregate 
 of grain, Mr. William Thurstone, in his " Commerce, Industries and Re- 
 sources of Bufifalo" (1883), says: 
 
 " With very few equals in the world as a grain port, its terminal facilities 
 are very extensive and complete. Grain is received, transferred, stored and 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 55 
 
 forwarded with greater dispatch than at any other port in this country. 
 The river, for about a mile from its mouth, is lined with immense elevators 
 and floaters, provided with all of the most improved appliances for handling 
 cereals. The transfer of grain cargoes from vessels into storehouses and 
 canal-boats, prior to 1843, was done by manual labor, being raised from the 
 hold in tubs and bags. In that year Mr. Joseph Dart erected the first 
 elevator ever built for storing and transferring grain, with steam power, and 
 with a storage capacity of 55,000 bushels, and a transfer capacity of 15,000 
 bushels per day, near the mouth of Bufialo river. Now there are twenty- 
 two elevators, ten transfer elevators and five floaters, thirty-seven in all, 
 most of which are massive structures, costing in the aggregate about 
 $6,000,000. Their combined storage capacity reaches 9,315,000 bushels, 
 while their daily transfer capacity is 3,103,000 bushels. That is to say, the 
 elevators of Buffalo are capable of receiving from lake vessels and trans- 
 ferring to canal-boats and cars, daily, 3,000,000 bushels of grain if called 
 upon to do so. Much has been said and written against these Bufialo 
 elevators, but the fact that they furnish such excellent facilities to carriers 
 and shippers, insuring quick dispatch and freedom from costly delays, is an 
 advantage that can be scarcely overestimated. These elevators are owned 
 by private individuals, excepting that the Connecting Terminal Railroad 
 owns one, and the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad one, and 
 the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad two. Several of 
 these elevators have machinery attached whereby 60,000 to 70,000 bushels 
 of wet or damaged grain can be dried every twenty-four hours. The 
 grain trade has steadily increased for years. The season's receipts for 1880 
 were the largest on record, aggregating by lake and Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railroad 175,000,000 bushels ; last year, 101,123,705 bushels. The 
 facilities for forwarding this vast amount of grain were as extensive as the 
 terminal facilities. The capacity of the canal has never been fully tested, 
 and the shipments of 1880, which were the largest ever reported, and 
 reached 73,000,000 bushels, were forwarded with as little effort as the 
 36,000,000 bushels shipped in 1875. This fact is accounted for by the deepen- 
 ing and improvement of the canal so as to permit of the passage of boats with 
 increased speed. The total of all articles carried from Buffalo in 1880 aggre- 
 gated 3,286,932 tons, of the value of $59,539,048, and in 1883, 1,361,431 
 tons, valued at $35,866,304. The total freight received here was 553,846 
 tons in 1883. The canal and railway competition thus afforded always 
 insures cheap transportation rates. The Central, Erie, Philadelphia and 
 Lackawanna railroads give much attention to conveying grain, and each 
 moves large quantities received by lake as well as its through shipments. 
 Their tracks run directly into the elevators, so that there is no carting and 
 no handling outside of the elevator. It is no uncommon thing to see a large 
 lake vessel being unloaded and two canal-boats and two trains of freight 
 cars being loaded at the same time." 
 
 Up to 1857 Buffalo boasted of but three elevators, and, there being no 
 co-operation between their owners — no mutual agreeiaent for the good of 
 all — much confusion, inconvenience and loss ensued to all concerned. 
 Warehouse receipts were of little value as collaterals; accommodations to 
 parties having grained stored wei"e obtainable only on unquestionable indorse- 
 ment, and, in short, the honored axiom, " good as wheat," was of no weight 
 at all. It was to remedy this state of affairs that the Western Elevating 
 Company was organized in the year last named, and its benefits were so 
 immediate, and have proved so great and permanent, that none save those 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
56 
 
 THE INBUaTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 interested in the unreasonable increase of storage and freight rates have ever 
 questioned the usefulness or endeavored to obstruct the company's opera- 
 tions. As an evidence of the healthful effect of the pooling arrangement 
 upon the grain trade, there were but three elevators then in existence here, 
 all of which entered the combination, while there are now thirty-seven under 
 the control of the Western Elevating Company, as follows: 
 
 Storage Elevators. 
 
 * 
 *. . 
 
 t 
 
 :} 
 1 
 
 Bennett 
 
 Brown 
 
 City 
 
 C. J. Wells 
 
 Connecting Terminal R. R 
 
 Erie Basin 
 
 Evans 
 
 Exchange 
 
 Lyon 
 
 Marine 
 
 Niagara A 
 
 Niagara B 
 
 N. Y., L. E. & Western. . . 
 
 Richmond . 
 
 Sternberg 
 
 Sturges . 
 
 Swiftsure 
 
 TifEt 
 
 William Wells 
 
 Wheeler 
 
 Watson 
 
 Wilkeson 
 
 IfomiDal Capacity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 600,000 
 350,000 
 600,000 
 350,000 
 950,000 
 300,000 
 350,000 
 350,000 
 100,000 
 150,000 
 650,000 
 1,300,000 
 650,000 
 350,000 
 150,000 
 300,000 
 175,000 
 850,000 
 300,000 
 300,000 
 600,000 
 300,000 
 
 Transfer Elevators. 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Western Transit 
 
 Pulton 
 
 Horton 
 
 f Kellogg & McDougall. 
 
 Merchants 
 
 Northwest 
 
 National Mills 
 
 fScbreck 
 
 Union 
 
 NomiDal Capacity. 
 
 35,000 
 35,000 
 
 Total. 
 
 Capacity storage. 
 Grand total . . . 
 
 Floating Elevators. 
 
 8,635,000 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Free Trade . 
 Free Canal. 
 IT. Munn. 
 Marquette . . 
 Niagara. .'. , 
 
 75,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 40,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 340,000 
 
 i, 635,000 
 1,965,000 
 
 * Have railroad conoeetion, t KaaniDg ia 1886. 
 
 Elevating and storage rates have also steadily declined under this admir- 
 able system — thus: In 1869 the rate for elevating and five days' storage was 
 two cents per bushel ; in 1885, three-fourths of one cent. It will be seen, 
 therefore, that the benefits secured by this company are not confined to its 
 own members, but are distributed with an even hand among its patrons, 
 and through them to the general public — to the consumers. 
 
 The company, as before intimated, is composed of the owners of all the 
 elevators in this port save two, newly erected. The officers are: C. A. 
 Bloomer, president; R. R. Buck, vice-president; P. G-. Cook, jr., secretary 
 and treasurer. Office, No. 64 Pearl street. 
 
 President Bloomer is a very prominent business man and part proprietor 
 of the Exchange (Western and Canada railroad) elevator, 250,000 bushels 
 capacity, and a member of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Exchange. 
 Vice-President R. R. Buck is also a prominent and respected business man 
 and grain-handler ; while Secretary and Treasurer P. G. Cook, jr„ is, if we 
 may judge by his pamphlet on " The Elevators and the Canals," in refuta- 
 tion of groundless and mischievous charges against the former, an extraor- 
 dinarily bright and well-versed man in all that concerns the interests which 
 he represents. The executive committee is composed of the following well- 
 known and responsible gentlemen : J. W. Whitney, G. P. Sowerby, E. T. 
 Evans, A. J. Wheeler, John Wilkeson, C. C. Ricker and R. R. Buck. 
 
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THE ERIE CANAIv. 
 
 TTTHIS superb and beneficent work, first opened for traffic throughout its 
 r Ih entire length in 1825, has done more than all other agencies to build 
 up the fortunes of Buffalo and of the West. It was first known as 
 the Grand Canal, and the country owes an everlasting debt of gratitude to 
 DeWitt Clinton, who more than any other one man — nay, than all other 
 men — labored for its success and pushed it to completion. At the time of 
 its inauguration the canal was 363 miles in length, 40 feet wide at the sur- 
 face, 28 feet wide at bottom, four feet deep, and contained 83 locks capable 
 of accommodating boats of 70 tons burden. The entire cost was $9,000,- 
 000. The work of enlargement, to accommodate boats of 210 tons, was 
 undertaken in 1835 and finished in 1865, at an additional cost of 
 $32,000,000. Writing of the celebration at the opening in 1825, Hon. 
 Cadwallader D. Colden said, prophetically : "When these works are ac- 
 complished a water communication between the lakes and the Mississippi 
 river and 40,000 or 50,000 miles of navigable streams beyond may be made 
 without difficulty and at little expense. New York will have advantages 
 greater than any city has ever had, and must forever enjoy them without a 
 rival. The commerce of the Mediterranean is the support of many great 
 cities, but New York will stand above all at the entrance of this extensive 
 channel, and must be a greater emporium than ever called herself the mis- 
 tress of commerce." The New York Produce Exchange Weekly, referring 
 to the grain trade of the metropolis, says: 
 
 "The New York canals have not outli7ed their usefulness, whatever may 
 be said to the contrary. The total quantity of flour, grain and meal, re- 
 duced to bushels of grain, received at New York during 1886, was 130,910,- 
 062 bushels, showing an increase of 4,272,631 bushels, or 3.4 per cent, over 
 the quantity received in 1885. Of this enormous quantity the New York 
 canals delivered during the navigation season of 1886, May to November 
 inclusive, 44,036,522 bushels, or 33.64 per cent., against 20,930,587 bushels 
 during the navigation season of 1885, showing the remarkable increase of 
 14,105,935 bushels, or 47.13 per cent. Conditions were normal during 1886, 
 a 35 cent tariff on grain from Chicago to New York having ruled through- 
 out the season with very little deviation, which was not the case in 1885. 
 The deliveries by rail during the five months of January, February, March, 
 4 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
I V(;!i;iB^.tl'^Li:iblL'E!«(Ullli.Tii'il'5itl^ift'J'.;.;;^«_;i^^ 
 
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TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 59 
 
 April and December, 1886, equaled 36,531,886 bushels, and during the 
 seven months of open canal navigation the deliveries by all the railroads 
 wei-e 48,309,284 bushels, including flour and meal. In other words, during 
 the navigation season of 1886 all the railroads together delivered only 
 4,172,763 bushels more of grain, including flour and meal, than the canals 
 did of grain alone. The total deliveries by rail during 1886 show a falling 
 oft of 8,237,370 bushels, or 8.85 per cent, compared with 1885, Avhile, as 
 shown above, the canal deliveries increased 14,105,935 bushels, or 47.13 per 
 cent, over the previous season. The deliveries by river and coastwise during 
 1886 were small, forming only 1.63 per cent, of the total, and these show a 
 decrease of 1,605,934 bushels, or about 43 per cent, as compared with 1885." 
 As this work goes to press the New York Senate has just passed 
 a bill, now in the hands of the Assembly for concurrence, appropriating 
 $550,000 for canal improvement. There is little doubt that the bill 
 will become a law in time to enable the canal commissioners to again 
 enlarge the locks and improve the Erie canal during the coming year 
 sufiBciently to admit of the passage of boats of 720 tons burden. At first, 
 as before noted, the largest boats were of 80 tons ; after the enlarge- 
 ment the standard was raised to 240 tons and freight rates reduced 
 50 per cent. A proportionate increase of capacity will unquestionably 
 result in a similar reduction of freight charges and enable shippei's to 
 lay down grain in New York at about two cents per bushel, besides causing 
 the use of steam as a motive power, thus shortening the voyage by 
 increasing the speed. The appropriation referred to is in pursuance 
 of a bill ofl'ered by the Canal Union, passed and approved December 
 28, 1886, which authorizes and directs the Superintendent of Public Works, 
 before the opening of navigation in 1888, to cause to be lengthened one tier 
 of eight or more locks east of Syracuse, and one tier of eight or more locks 
 west of Syracuse on the Erie canal, * * * so as to most facilitate and im- 
 prove the navigation of the canal. Said locks to be so lengthened and con- 
 structed as to be 320 feet long, and not less than 18 feet wide in the clear, 
 and to conform to the length of the berme expei'imental lock. No. 50, on 
 said Erie canal, and shall include such machinery and appliances as in the 
 judgment of the Superintendent of Public Works shall render the locks 
 most efficient. Said Superintendent of Public Works is also authorized to 
 put machinery for facilitating the passage of boats in such locks of the 
 Oswego canal as shall be selected, * * * and is also authorized and 
 directed to improve the Champlain canal by deepening it at such points as 
 he shall deem most important. 
 
 It is easily demonstrable that with the completion of the improvements 
 referred to the capacity of the canal would be doubled at least. 
 
 At the first session of the Forty-ninth Congress (Jan. 5, 1886), Hon. 
 John B. Weber introduced the following bill, which, in the hurry usually 
 attendant upon the closing hours of Congress, failed to receive final con- 
 sideration, and remains a legacy of incomplete legislation for action by the 
 next Congress. The plan contemplated therein has much to commend it 
 to the country at large: 
 
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60 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 A Bill for the permanent improvement of the Erie and Oswego canals, 
 and to secure the freedom of the same to the commerce of the United 
 
 States : 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assemiled: 
 
 That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and 
 dii'ected to issue and deliver to the State of New York, and to take the re- 
 ceipt of the Comptroller of said State therefor, coupon or registered bonds 
 of the United States to the amount of five millions of dollars, in denomi- 
 nations of not less than one hundred dollars each, or so much thereof as 
 may be necessary to make the permanent improvements upon the Erie and 
 Oswego canals, in said State, hereinafter mentioned. Said bonds shall bear 
 interest at the rate of 2K per centum per annum, payable semi-annually, and 
 shall, with the interest, be payable in coin. They shall be redeemable at the 
 pleasure of the government at any time after ten years from their date, and 
 due at the expiration of fifty years from their date. 
 
 Sec. 2. That said bonds shall not be issued or delivered until the said 
 State of New York shall, by act or joint resolution of its Legislature, have 
 pledged itself that, after the delivery of said bonds, said canals shall be main- 
 tained by said State free to the commerce of the United States, and shall 
 forever be free for the use of the United States Government from any 
 toll or other charge whatever for any property or vessels of the United 
 States Government or persons in its service passing through the same, 
 and that in case at any time said canals shall cease to be free to the com- 
 merce of the United States, the said State will repay to the United States 
 the said five millions of dollars, or so much thereof as may be paid to said 
 State. 
 
 Sec. 3. That said bonds shall be so issued and delivered to the State of 
 New York to reimburse it for any and all expenditures it may make or may 
 have made since January first, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, in improv- 
 ing the said canals by furnishing a depth of nine feet of water, excepting 
 over culverts and aqueducts (over which the depth shall be eight feet), 
 throughout their entire lengths, and by lengthening one tier of all their 
 locks to double their present length, with the exception of those at Lock- 
 port ; and that said bonds, or so many thereof as itaay be necessary, shall be 
 so issued and delivered upon the completion of said improvement, and after 
 said State shall have complied with the provisions of the second section of 
 this act, upon presentation to the Secretary of the Treasury of a requisition 
 of the governor of said State, accompanied by the certificate of its comp- 
 troller, State engineer, and superintendent of public works, certifying the 
 completion of said improvement and the cost thereof. 
 
 On the following 33d of February the bill was favorably reported by the 
 committee on railways and canals, of which Mr. Weber was chairman. The 
 report was an able one, evincing thorough mastery of the subject and intro- 
 ducing such authorities in support of the object sought as Albert Eink, 
 commissioner of transportation, Mr. Dodge, statistician to the Department 
 of Agriculture, Consul-General Cramer, and Mr. Nimmo. The subjoined 
 tables, prepared by the latter, show the balance of trade against the United 
 States before tolls were cut down, and the balance in our favor since the 
 low-tolls and no-tolls policy was adopted : 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 61 
 
 Balance op Trade Against us fou Ten Years, prom 1866 to 1875, under 
 
 High Tolls. 
 
 Years. 
 
 EXPOBTS. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Excess of 
 
 Imports over 
 
 Exports. 
 
 1866 
 
 $348,859,522 
 294,506,141 
 281,953,899 
 286,117,697 
 392,771,768 
 443,820,178 
 444.177,586 
 523,479,923 
 586,283,040 
 513,442,711 
 
 $434,813,066 
 395,761,096 
 357,436,440 
 417,506,379 
 435,958,408 
 520,223,684 
 626,595,077 
 642,136,210 
 567,406,342 
 533,005,436 
 
 % 85,953,544 
 
 1867 
 
 101.384,955 
 
 1868 
 
 75,483,541 
 
 1869 
 
 131,388,682 
 
 1870 
 
 43,186,640 
 
 1871 
 
 77,403,506 
 
 1872 
 
 182,417,491 
 
 1873 
 
 119,656,288 
 
 1874 
 
 
 1875 
 
 19,563,725 
 
 
 836,306,373 
 18,876,698 
 
 Balance against us in ten years 
 
 $817,439,674 
 
 
 
 
 
 There was an excess of exports over imports in 1874 of $18,876,698. 
 Value op the Exports and Imports for Ten Years with Low Tolls. 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 larpoBTS. 
 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 
 $540,384,671 
 603,475,320 
 694,865,766 
 710,439,441 
 835,688,658 
 903,377,346 
 750,543,257 
 833,839,402 
 740,513,609 
 742,189,755 
 
 451 
 437 
 445 
 667 
 643 
 724 
 733 
 667 
 577 
 
 741,190 
 ,333,136 
 ,051,532 
 ,777,775 
 954,746 
 ,664,628 
 ,639.574 
 ,180,914 
 ,697,693 
 537,339 
 
 Excess of 
 
 Exports over 
 
 Imports 
 
 Total. 
 
 r 
 
 $ 79,643,481 
 151,152,094 
 257,814,234 
 264,661,666 
 167,683,913 
 259,712,718 
 
 25,903,683 
 100.658,488 
 
 72,815,916 
 164,663,426 
 
 $1,544,707,618 
 
 Balance in favor of this country, $1,544,707,618 under low tolls. 
 
 The reasons why New York State cannot well perform the work of 
 enlargement at her own expense, and thus secure a sensible and beneficial 
 reduction of transportation charges, are thus stated : 
 
 Several hundred miles of tributary canals have been grafted upon the 
 trunk lines of the Erie, and every movement looking to the improvement of 
 the main canals becomes complicated by arousing the jealousies of local 
 interests connected with the lateral canals. All tolls were removed in 1882, 
 and since the beginning of the season of 1883 the canals are free to the 
 nation, while their care and maintenance fall upon the taxpayers of New 
 Yorlc. This maintenance, embracing only absolutely necessary and ordi- 
 nary repairs, amounts to about 1800,000 annually, and until the canal debt 
 of the State is extinguished about as much more is annually required to 
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62 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 provide for that. For the present year the estimates of the comptroller of 
 the State of New York require the levying of a tax for canal purposes of 
 $1,702,103.30. 
 
 This burden the people of the State cannot reasonably be expected to 
 add to by undertaking the enlargement, without which the canals are likely 
 to fall into disuse or be abandoned to private corporations. Only eighteen 
 of the sixty counties of the State border on the Erie and Oswego canals, 
 and the hostile sentiment of the people off the line of the canals should not 
 be permitted development by increase of burdens, lest this outlet of the 
 great grain fields of the "West and Northwest and this controller and regu- 
 lator of the transportation interests of the country be strangled by the rail- 
 road monopolies of the land. 
 
 For the year ending December 31, 1885, there was delivered at New 
 York of flour, grain, and meal (excepting beans and buckwheat), reduced to 
 measure, 126,637,431 bushels, by the following routes : 
 
 Routes. 
 
 New York Central and Hudson River Railway 
 New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway. . 
 
 Pennsylvania Railway 
 
 Delaware and Lackawanna Railway 
 
 West Shore and Buffalo Railway 
 
 Various routes 
 
 By river and coastwise 
 
 By canal 
 
 Total receipts 
 
 BnSHBLS. 
 
 36,079,713 
 24,979,551 
 15,339,591 
 
 5,718,428 
 
 10,001,299 
 
 959.959 
 
 3,738,304 
 39,930,587 
 
 126,687,431 
 
 Per cent, 
 of total by 
 each route. 
 
 28.60 
 
 19.73 
 
 13.02 
 
 4.53 
 
 7.90 
 
 .75 
 
 3.75 
 
 23.63 
 
 In a commercial sense these canals originally were largely local in char- 
 acter, but gradually and regularly they have been changing, and are now of 
 national benefit and importance. In 1836 the Western States furnished 
 but one-seventh of the total tonnage, while in 1882 seven-eighths of it came 
 from the West, the proportion having vastly increased since that time. 
 
 January 5th and 6th last the House in Committee of the Whole and 
 having under consideration Mr. Weber's bill for the permanent improve- 
 ment of the Erie and Oswego canals, and to secure the freedom of the same 
 to the commerce of the United States, that gentleman made a strong and 
 convincing argument in its favor, dwelling upon the important factor which 
 the freedom of the Erie and Oswego canals to the commerce of the country 
 would form in providing cheap transportation for the products of the West 
 to the seaboard. The provisions of the bill were fair to the nation and fair 
 to the State of New York. The exhaustive report of the Committee on 
 Eailways and Canals was read in Mr. Weber's time, and consumed the 
 greater part of the morning hour; and the committee rose without action. 
 
 Mr. Weber was followed in approving remarks by several Western mem- 
 bers. Mr. Anderson, of Kansas, said: " As to the object to be attained by 
 the proposed enlargement and improvement of the Erie canal as the great 
 artery of lake commerce, in my judgment the State of Kansas has a gi-eater 
 direct interest in the attainment oif that object than has the State of New 
 York, for this simple reason: Every one knows that the farmer who raises 
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THB INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 63 
 
 wheat, or ships corn or hay in the form of pork or beef, always pays the 
 freight to the final market. Now, the enlargement of this canal, enabling 
 boats to carry double the cargoes they now carry, will necessarily have the 
 effect of reducing the rate of freight upon grain at least 2 cents per bushel, 
 and when the State of Kansas raises and ships 50,000,000 bushels of wheat, 
 the farmers raising that wheat will receive for it $1,000,000 more in price 
 than they now receive, simply because there will be a saving of 11,000,000 of 
 freight upon the shipment. A similar reduction would occur on all kinds 
 of trafific. And what is true of Kansas is true of Kentucky, of Ohio, of 
 Indiana, of Missouri, of all the Northwestern States and of the Southern 
 States. For this reason, sir, there has been no measure proposed at this 
 session of Congress which seems to me to promise more direct practical and 
 lasting benefit to the great farming interest of the country than the proposed 
 enlargement of this canal, and for this reason I regard it as a national and 
 not in tlie least as a State measure. But, Mr. Chairman, there is another 
 reason why I advocate the bill, namely, the fact that the Erie canal stands 
 to-day as the great check upon the rapacity of the railway companies in their 
 freight charges. It would be worth a hundred million dollars to the New 
 York Central, the Brie, the Pennsylvania, the Baltimore & Ohio, and the 
 other trunk lines if, by any means, they could wipe out the Erie canal. 
 And, just to the extent that this is true, it is true also that it is to the 
 interest of the people of the whole nation, and especially of the farming 
 classes, to take care that the Erie canal not only shall not be suffered to 
 pass into disuse, not only that it shall not be kept at its present limited 
 capacity, but shall speedily have that capacity enlarged and given the 
 greatest efficiency. You will find in the near future that the control of 
 freight charges must chiefly be effected by water-ways. Coming from the 
 State which I in part represent, I shall advocate, not only this enlargement 
 of the Erie canal, but also the construction of the Hennepin canal. Why ? 
 In order that we of the West may have a direct water-way to serve as the 
 great controller of all the trunk lines, whether they pool or do not pool, 
 whether you have an interstate commerce bill or not. In other words, the 
 good God who made this world, who so constituted things that there is less 
 friction in moving vast weights through water than there is in carrying 
 them by any means on land, gave to us a principle of nature which is 
 higher and more effective than any other which can be formulated in an 
 interstate commerce bill or similar legislation of Congress." 
 
 Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota: "While we can do a great deal, Mr. Chair- 
 man, in the shape of legislation, I feel confident there is nothing so effective, 
 and which will accomplish so much good for the whole country, as this 
 matter of enlarging and extending the Erie canal. Coming, as I do, from 
 the country at the headwaters of the Mississippi and St. Lawrence rivers, 
 from a country which is one of the greatest cereal-producing sections of this 
 Union, we have a vital interest in having our transportation facilities made 
 as cheap, as fair, and as equitable as possible. And our people can conceive 
 of no method so efficacious, so fully regulating this matter of the carrying 
 trade of the Northwest to the seaboard, as enlarging and extending our 
 canals. In the district I represent, sir, 30,000,000 bushels of wheat were 
 raised last year, of which, besides what we used for home consumption, 
 nearly all finds its way to the seaboard through the chain of the great lakes 
 by way of the Erie canal. At least 13,000,000 bushels of the 30,000,000 
 raised in my district are thus shipped and exported. At the rate of 5 cents 
 per bushel — the simowvEli^^il^a^ Mkn^aWS&on over this water route as 
 
64 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 against railroad transportation, if untrammeled — $600,000 wonld be saved 
 annually to the farmers of my district. This water route is emphatically 
 one of the greatest regulators of railroad rates." 
 
 Mr. Plumb : " In my opinion there has not been presented to this House a 
 more important question than that which now engages its attention. It is, 
 sir, nothing less than a question of public improvements upon a scale that 
 has not hitherto received legislative favor for many years. It is a question 
 that may years ago claimed the attention of the foremost thinkers and 
 ablest statesmen in this land. It has been urged against improvements of 
 this character being undertaken by the general government that they are 
 altogether within one of the States, and that therefore they should not 
 receive the encouragement and support of the Federal treasury, and some 
 have gone so far as to declare such support unconstitutional, and yet it has 
 been the constant practice to make just such improvements. It is not a 
 question whether the improvement is wholly within a State or whether it 
 extends through all of the States. The question is this, and this only : 
 Is it for the benefit of the whole people of the country ? The proposition 
 is to improve the navigation between the metropolis on the sea-coast and 
 the great inland metropolis, the City of Chicago; it is of the utmost im- 
 portance to this country, and the small pittance that is asked in this bill can 
 be given without any serious injury to any part and with decided advantage 
 to the whole country. I hope, sir, when the time comes for a vote upon 
 this bill it may receive the cordial support of this House, and become a law. 
 
 Mr. Brady : " Mr. Chairman — I cannot hope to add to the able and 
 exhaustive remarks made upon the pending bill by the gentleman from New 
 York (Mr. Weber), and by other members representing the East and the 
 West; but I desire to heartily indorse the underlying principles of the 
 measure. It is not difficult to understand the concern of the representa- 
 tives of the great West and Northwest in the proper maintenance and improve- 
 ment of the Erie and Oswego canals, for they are the vital arteries through 
 which flow the products of their grain fields on the way to the seaboard. 
 Tlie marvelous progress of those sections, reflected as it is upon every part 
 of this country, is primarily due to these works, and its furtlier advance- 
 ment hinges largely upon the continuauce of the system and the ability to 
 keep pace with the rapid forward strides of the transportation problem. 
 The injustice which insists upon a free water-way for the nation to be pro- 
 vided by the State of New York can only result in the development of a 
 desire and determination to cast off the burden, and the West may well 
 view with grave apprehension the growth of this sentiment. But, sir, 
 coming from the State of Virginia, a State some distance removed from the 
 sections which may be considered particularly and locally interested, I can 
 impartially stand upon ground fai' above the criticisms which will be leveled 
 against those whose localities are especially interested. I stand here as a 
 Virginian to advocate the principles of this bill, because I believe that my 
 people desire their Representative to legislate for the whole country, and not 
 to be restricted to the circumscribed lines of a Congressional district or a 
 State. I am deeply impressed with the importance of a measure which in 
 its scope assumes a character unquestionably national and far-reaching. In 
 it is involved the prosperity of a great and growing section of this nation. 
 It means to a certain extent the natural, irresistible regulation and control 
 of interstate commerce without legislative enactments. It means wise 
 assistance toward meeting the rapid, growing competition of the grain-fields 
 
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TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 65 
 
 of India and the East. It means a prudent help to continue the balance of 
 trade in onr favor. It means prosperity to the agricultural interests of the 
 land, upon which our strength is founded, 'it means tlie advancement of 
 the material wealth of the whole country, and therefore I welcome the 
 pending measure with cordial sincerity as a step in the right direction, and 
 hope that the seed sown here to-day may blossom and bear fruit in the 
 interest and for the benefit of the American people. "f 
 
 The officers of the canal, located here, are: Ira Betts, assistant superin- 
 tendent public works, Western division; George Chambers, section superin- 
 tendent, office on canal, foot of Porter avenue ; Charles G. Irish, collector 
 of statistics ; John W. Schlehr, John Siver, John P. Dean, John J. Cough- 
 lin, clerks; Wm. Shaughnessy, canal harbormaster, office. No. 145 Erie 
 street; inspectors, F. W. Warhus, Joseph Gates, Michael Lanning. 
 
 'The Genesee" Hotel. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
UTILIZING NIAGARA. 
 
 ONE OF THE MOST DARING AND COLOSSAL, YET PRACTI- 
 CAL, OF MODERN ENTERPRISES. 
 
 FOR nearly a century it has been the dream of engineers to turn to use- 
 ful account the vast and inexhaustible power afforded by the Niagara 
 riyer in the vicinity of the falls, but hitherto every scheme proposed 
 has been dismissed as impracticable upon sober and exhaustive investigation. 
 It remained for the Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and Sewer Co. , 
 organized and incorporated during the past year, to solve the knotty prob- 
 lem and set forth a practical plan whereby this object may be accomplished 
 and a great manufacturing center established in near vicinity to, while not 
 in any way detracting from, the sublime beauties of one of nature's greatest 
 wonders. 
 
 The officers of the company are all prominent business men, as follows : 
 President, Charles B. Gaskill, president of Cataract Milling Co., and presi- 
 dent of the village of Niagara Palls ; first vice-president, Henry S. Ware of 
 Hardwicke & Ware, Buffalo, and International Hotel Co., Niagara Falls; 
 second vice-president, Michael Ryan, merchant, and director of Cataract 
 Bank ; treasurer, Francis R. Delano, president Cataract Bank and Interna- 
 tional Hotel Co.; secretary, Myron H. Kinsley, superintendent Niagara 
 Falls Silver-plating and Manufacturing Works ; assistant secretary, G eorge 
 N. Miller, assistant superintendent of the same works; attorneys, Hon. 
 W. Caryl Ely and James Frazer Gluck of Buffalo; engineer, Thomas 
 Evershed, division engineer of New York State ; trustees — Hon. Thomas 
 V. Welch, Hon. Peter A. Porter, A. Augustus Porter and Hon. Benjamin 
 Flagler. 
 
 From the prospectus, now before us, we learn that the object of the 
 company is to utilize the enormous power of the Niagara river by construct- 
 ing a subterranean tunnel from the water level below the falls, about 200 
 feet under the lofty bank of the river, extending through the rock to the 
 upper river at a point about a mile above the falls, where a head of 120 feet 
 is obtained. The tunnel is to extend thence parallel with the shore one and 
 a-half miles at an average depth of 100 feet below the surface and at a dis- 
 tance of about 400 feet from the navigable waters of the river, with which it 
 is to be connected by means of conduits or lateral tunnels. 
 
 It is known that in the same ratio that the country becomes settled 
 and the forests are destresg^Jive Hratejc-ngwefe^ependent upon the precipi- 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 67 
 
 tation of rain, diminishes, and steam has ah-eady largely supplanted water 
 as a motor in many of the older States for that reason, thus increasing the 
 cost of production and placing manufacturers at a disadvantage. It is 
 unnecessary to say that this state of affairs can never affect the Niagara, 
 vrith all of the gi-eat lakes for its sources of supply. The cost of construct- 
 ing dams, the unreliability of the water-power, and the isolated location of 
 many establishments on slender lines of railroads where rates are high, 
 owing to a lack of competition, place manufacturers under great disadvan- 
 tage with those who have the benefit of a steady power and abundant rail- 
 road and other shipping facilities. At Niagara nature has built an imper- 
 ishable dam from the solid rock, which she maintains without cost to man, 
 so that the manufacturer who avails himself of its power is assured that his 
 mills can never stand idle for lack of water. There will, therefore, be noth- 
 ing to interrupt the steady flow of yearly production at the minimum of cost. 
 His means of bringing his products to the consumer are also of the best. 
 The facilities for transportation afforded to the mills locating upon the sites 
 of this company have no equal in the world. The mill sites are fixed upon 
 the Niagara river at a point above the falls navigable for vessels. Hence, 
 vessels passing through the great Western chain of lakes can come down the 
 Niagara river with their loads of lumber, grain, coal, etc., and unload them 
 on the wharves and docks of the mills and factories. Canal-boats can 
 also receive and discharge freight at the mills, as the Niagara river connects 
 with the Erie canal at Tonawanda, only seven miles distant. The tracks 
 of the New York Central, West Shore, Erie, Grand Trunk, Rome, 
 Watertown & Ogdensburg, Lehigh Valley, and Michigan Central railways 
 adjoin and run parallel with the proposed tunnel and the entire plot of mill 
 sites of the company, with provision for sidings to each mill site. The 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western railroad has surveyed a route contiguous 
 to the property of the coiflpany, and will undoubtedly lay its track soon. 
 Freight rates to the seaboard and all points east and west are now made by 
 the railroads from Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge upon the basis of 
 about one-half the through competitive rates from Chicago and other 
 western points to the East. This is favorable to those locating here, and 
 places the manufacturer in a position to compete successfully with manu- 
 facturers of any locality in the United States. Niagara Falls, then, offers 
 to manufacturers unparalleled inducements in cheap, never-failing water- 
 power, economy of production, competitive transportation and small cost 
 for the moving of raw material and finished goods. 
 
 It is suggested, and the suggestion must eventually take practical shape, 
 that Buffalo, Lockport, Eoehester, and even more distant cities may be 
 supplied with light and power to any extent by means of electricity gener- 
 ated here. Apparatus for the transmission of power by means of com- 
 pressed air may also be utilized at this point at merely nominal cost. 
 
 Since the date of incorporation, March 31, 1886, the Niagara River 
 Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and Sewer Co. has secured, surveyed and appor- 
 tioned into mill sites sufficient land, fronting on the river and on the line of 
 the projected tunnel, to accommodate 338 mills of 500 horse-power each 
 (119,000 horse-power in all — the engineer's estimate of the tunnel's capacity), 
 with ample streets and dockage, affording all necessary facilities for approach 
 by rail or river. In a word, at ten per cent, for cost of construction, the 
 power to be developed by this proposed tunnel far exceeds the combined 
 available water-power in use at Holyoke, Lowell, Lawrence, Cohoes, Lewis- 
 ton and Minneapolis. Based on the. report of Engineer Thomas Evershed 
 ^ Digitized by Midrosoft® 
 
68 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 (who is also division engineer of the State) the subjoined estimates are pre- 
 sented: Two hundred and thirty-eight mill sites, varying from 75 x 200 to 
 200 X 400 feet each, have been laid out, with streets 100 feet wide between 
 the rows of mill privileges, and with also a 100-foot reserve between the 
 rows of lots in the rear, for railway sidings, and to each site is allowed 500 
 horse-power, with conduit and cross tunnel, bringing the water within fifty 
 feet of each lot. Fifty or more of these lots can be made accessible for lake 
 and canal vessels. 
 
 Net cost of land, average of $3,000 per lot $ 750,000 
 
 One tunnel 1,212,108 
 
 Twenty-four cross tunnels 448,430 
 
 Four shafts 38,700 
 
 Twelve raceways 329,927 
 
 Twelve bulkheads 12,200 
 
 Masonry and gates controlling sluices 27,500 
 
 Timber in cribs 45,000 
 
 Slope walls 90,000 
 
 Contingencies 46,135 
 
 Total cost $3,000,000 
 
 To pay 5 per cent, on this amount to stockholders it is necessary that 
 only thirty privileges of 500 horse-power each be utilized. Fifteen thousand 
 horse-power at $10 each equals $150,000, or 5 per cent, on $3,000,000. 
 
 If 30 rentals will pay 5 per cent, upon the entire stock, it follows that 
 60 rentals will pay 10 per cent., 120 rentals 20 per cent. And when the 238 
 are used the yearly income of the company will equal 40 per cent, on the 
 capital stock. 
 
 The plan adopted for subscriptions to the capital stock is as follows : 
 There will be issued 30,000 shares of stock of $100 par value each, and no 
 pnyment or assessment of any kind is to be called for until the whole capital 
 Slock is subscribed, which will insure the building and completion of the 
 tunnel and consequent development of the mill sites, insuring ample 
 earning capacity for the money subscribed. This assures the success of the 
 enterprise and is strictly fair to the subscribers. 
 
 In oi-der to avoid any risk to stockholders, and prevent abuses, and to 
 render the stock fixed and valuable forever, it is made one of the conditions 
 of subscription, and so expressed on the face of each certificate, that no 
 bonds shall be issued nor mortgages given upon any rights, privileges, fran- 
 chises or property of this company, except with the unanimous consent of 
 the stockholders. In other words, the stock shall represent and cover com- 
 pletely the property, real estate and franchises of this company. 
 
 The $200,000 capital stock of this company, authorized by its charter, 
 having already been subscribed in full, books for subscription to increase 
 the capital stock to the sum of $3,000,000, as also authorized by its charter, 
 are now open at the Cataract Bank, Niagara Falls, and the Manufacturers 
 and Traders Bank, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 The report of Thomas Evershed, Esq., C. E. and division engineer of 
 Xew York State, is herewith appended : 
 
 To tloe President and Trustees of the "Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and 
 
 Sewer Company," of Niagara Falls, N. Y. : 
 
 Gentlemen — I would respectfully submit the following suggestions for your con- 
 sideration of a plan for the construction of a town plat or arrangement of lots, streets, 
 mill-races, wharves and rail©^'ft^sysJ!j|j|s(ftFS(gf0(S©#®i ^^^ bank of the Niagara river 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 69 
 
 above Port Day, intlietown of Niagara, county of Niagara and State of New York, 
 for the purpose of forming a town composed wholly of mills, factories and workshops, 
 to be operated by the waters of Niagara river, by means of turbine wheels or other 
 devices. And of a main and lateral tunnels below ground which shall serve as tail-races 
 to the said mills, factories and workshops. 
 
 The town plat to be laid out between the^said Niagara river and the tracks of the 
 New York Central and Erie railroads. 
 
 It shall be laid out with streets running as near as may be at right angles to the 
 course of the river and the New York Central railroad tracks. 
 
 Every other one of these streets shall be of such width as will allow of a raceway or 
 conduit for the passage of the water from the river to supply the factories with power 
 and to allow the usual traflBc by teams, and also with proper sidewalks leading to the 
 factories which shall front on these streets. 
 
 The intervening streets, which will be at the rear of the buildings, shall be of suffi- 
 cient width to allow of tracks belonging to the difEerent railroads and the necessary 
 switches leading into the yards of the various industrial establishments, as well as 
 teaming thereto. 
 
 The conduits or raceways shall be of such widths and depths as will furnish at all 
 times the necessary quantity of water to supply the wheels located thereon, and they 
 shall extend out into the river to a point at which the requisite depth is to be obtained. 
 
 Permanent embankments shall be made out into the river, economizing the material 
 derived from the construction of the tunnels and raceways therefor. 
 
 These embankments shall be finiehed off at the outer end with crib work, running 
 up and down the river in such a way as to form wharves for the landing of vessels 
 navigating the river, and to protect the different raceways from floating ice. 
 
 The main tunnel from its mouth, which shall be at a point immediately north of the 
 State reservation below the great falls to a point where the first mills can be erected 
 above Port Day, I would recommend to be constructed with an area equivalent to a tol- 
 erably smooth tunnel of circular form of twenty-four (24) feet in diameter. 
 
 Its mouth shall be located as low as high water below the falls will permit. It shall 
 have a descent from a point half a mile above Port Day to its mouth of one in one hun- 
 dred, or 52 and -^-^^ feet per mile. 
 
 Above Port Day the tunnel will gradually diminish in size, in accordance with the 
 number of mills which have yet to empty their tail-waters into it, until at the upper 
 end it will be of the same area as the cross tunnels which flow into it at that point. 
 
 The lateral or cross tunnels which shall receive the water from the different wheel- 
 pits and discharge the same into the main tunnel, shall be of such size, and shall be 
 located as shall best serve the requirements of the mills above them and the general 
 ground plan of the town plat. 
 
 The bottom of these cross tunnels shall be so much above the main tunnel that they 
 shall at all times be drained and accessible whenever the mills on that particular cross 
 tunnel are not running. 
 
 The pits for the wheels shall be located in such a manner as to suit the particular 
 requirements of the business to be carried on in the factory to which they belong, and 
 shall conform to the general arrangement of the town plat. 
 
 The bottom of said pits shall be at such heights above the cross tunnels that work 
 can be done in them at the same time the rest of the mills on that cross tunnel are in 
 operation. 
 
 If the amount of water which will pass through a tunnel of twenty-four (24) feet in 
 diameter, having a descent of one in one hundred, is used economically under heads 
 ranging from one hundred and twenty- four feet to seventy-nine feet, through turbine 
 wheels of the latest patterns, it will give a result equal to one hundred and nineteen thou- 
 sand horse-power ; or, in other words, is equal to two hundred and thirty-eight factories 
 of five hundred horse-power each. 
 
 One has but to glance at this location, at the noble river on its front and the railroads 
 in its rear, to see its perfect adaptability to the purpose here intended. 
 
 Here is a stream of which any one can say its surface height is always the same, 
 and whose waters are of the purest quality. 
 
 Here will be no dams to break away, causingUoss]of life and devastating the country 
 below. 
 
 Here no summer drought can cause a stoppage of wheels and busy hum of industry, 
 to the loss of profit to the employer and of daily bread to the employed. 
 
 Here the manufacturer who erects his building may do it with a certainty that his 
 work will go on uninterruptedly three hundred and sixty-five days in the year. 
 
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70 THE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 If the tunnel were to be begun to-day he could begin his workshop to-morrow, with 
 the utmost faith that when both were completed he could start his machinery, and that 
 if any stoppage occurred it would not be the fault of the ever-ready river, of the 
 conduit which brought the water to his wheels, or of the tail-race which took it away, 
 for they will be blasted out of the solid rook, and, like it, be imperishable. 
 
 Although for certain kinds of business, dependent on local custom for its support, 
 steam may be the best, inasmuch as the fuel can be taken to the exact point at which 
 the industry is to be carried on, yet for very many pursuits, where the materials used 
 come from various sources and the articles manufactured are to be distributed all over 
 the world, cheap water-power will always be sought for. 
 
 That cheap power this company will be able to give the manufacturer. 
 
 I have made out below a statement of the cost of running machinery by steam and 
 water for one horse-power per year, as used in relatively large quantities, and as the 
 latter power is leased in various localities in the Northern and Eastern States. 
 
 Mr. Cowles, of Rochester, gives the cost of running one horse-power by steam in 
 that city at thirty-nine dollars per year. 
 
 Mr. Holly, of Lockport, gives, with coal at $4.00 per ton, the cost of running one 
 horse-power at forty-aix dollars per year. 
 
 Messrs. Poole & Hunt, of Baltimore, give the cost to be about six-tenths of a cent 
 per hour with coal at $5.00 per ton, or forty -five dollars per year for one horse-power. 
 And others about the same. 
 
 For rental of steam power in Boston $175.00 per year per horse-power is received. 
 At Lowell the lowest is $100.00, with rooms. The Central Pacific Mill, with 1,000 
 horse-power, prefers to pay $130.00 per horse-power for water to using steam.* 
 
 The following prices are charged for water-power for one horse-power per year : 
 Paterson, N. J 24 hours per day. $37.50 
 
 Birmingham, Conn 12 
 
 Mayanunk, Pa 24 
 
 Dayton, 10 
 
 Wameset Dam 11J<^ 
 
 Lowell, Mass. 10 to 11^ 
 
 Lawrence, Mass 10 to 1134! 
 
 Cohoes, N. Y. 10 to 11 J^ 
 
 Holyoke, Mass 10 to 11^ 
 
 Lockport, N. Y 24 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 24 
 
 20.00 
 56.25 
 38.00 
 48.25 
 20.00 
 30.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 16.66 
 25.00 
 
 I would recommend that this company charge a price so low that it will be sure to 
 prove an inducement to manufacturers to lease power. 
 
 I am of the opinion that ten dollars per year per horse-power, to be used twenty- 
 four hours per diem, will effect this, and at the same time afford the capitalists holding 
 the stock of the company ample returns for their money invested, notwithstanding the 
 length of time which must elapse before the whole amount of power can be rented. 
 
 This is only about one-quarter what is charged elsewhere, as shown above. 
 
 Estimate of Cost. 
 
 One tunnel ." $1,212,108 
 
 Twenty-four cross tunnels 448,430 
 
 Four shafts 38,700 
 
 Twelve raceways 329,927 . 
 
 Twelve bulkheads 12,200 
 
 Masonry and gates controlling sluices . 27,500 
 
 Timber in cribs 45,000 
 
 Slope walls 90,000 
 
 Contingencies 46, 185 
 
 Total $2,250,000 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 Thomas Etershkd, C. E. 
 
 BocEEBTEB, Joly 1, 1886. 
 
 *Prom Samuel McBlroy's pamphlet, in relation to water-power at Niagara Falls, read before the 
 Western Society oi Engineers, ^''^^^^^y MicrOSOft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 71 
 
 Office of the State Engineer and Surveyor, 
 ALBANY, N. Y., July 19, 1886. 
 
 Ohas. B. Oaakill, Esq., President " Niagara River Sydraulic Tunnel, Power and 
 Sewer Go.," Niagara Falls, N. Y. : 
 
 Sir — I have examined the plans, computations and estimates forming part of the 
 report to you of Thos. Evershed, Esq., upon the details of a method of utilizing a very 
 extensive water-power at Niagara Falls by the construction of main and lateral tunnels 
 which shall serve as tail-races to a large group of manufacturing establishments. 
 
 The general plan of the enterprise impresses me as the most comprehensive and 
 economical scheme possible for using, on a grand scale, the almost unlimited hydraulic 
 resources of Niagara. 
 
 These plans have been very intelligently elaborated, and the estimates for con- 
 structing the main and lateral tunnels and for the shafts, conduits, bulkheads and 
 docks, are, in my opinion, amply sufficient to insure their completion at a rapid rate 
 and in a thorough manner. 
 
 The advantages of the location are not overstated by Mr. Evershed, and may be 
 briefly summarized to consist of an exhaustless supply of pure water, at a practically 
 constant head, solid and durable rock, containing all the tunnels, shafts and conduits, 
 and furnishing solid and imperishable foundations for all the structures and a nearly 
 uniform surface of the proper elevation of the lands you have secured for the site of a 
 manufacturing town to be developed by this enterprise. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 Elnathan Sweet, 
 State Engineer and Surveyor. 
 
 Buffalo German Insurance Co.'s Building. 
 
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72 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 BARNES, HENGERER 5 CO.'S 
 
 GREAT IRON BLOCK. 
 
 
 '^1 
 
 inm 
 
 ^'X^^L V 
 
 "««frl 
 
 Flnif-'HHHHiP 
 
 ■ - f H^HNES HFNGERFR ^.-Srjirtfr-T-^S^ 
 
 DRY GOODS, CARPBTS, 
 
 DRAPERIES AND SHOES, 
 
 Nos. 2o6 TO 268 1MAI>^ STREET. 
 
 Digitized by l\/licrosoft<^ee opposite page.) 
 
^EP^EgENT^^iYE pengEg. 
 
 BUFFALO'S LEADING MERCANTILE, MANUFACTURING AND 
 FINANCIAL CONCERNS. 
 
 In the series of descriptive articles that follow we have endeavored to 
 make concise and appropriate mention of every well-established, important 
 and deserving mercantile, manufacturing and commercial house in Buffalo, 
 feeling that so much of recognition is due to those whose industry, energy 
 and capital are enlisted in building up the city's material interests and 
 developing and maintaining her commercial supremacy. Only those estab- 
 lishments whose reputations are above suspicion have been mentioned, and 
 if the list be incomplete it is not because of any bias on the part of editors 
 or publishers. 
 
 With the utmost confidence we commend every business house named in 
 these pages to the good-will and patronage of the entire country, East, West 
 and South, as well as to our Canadian neighbors. Liberal, enterprising, of 
 sterling personal and business character, this is the class of men upon whom 
 the future growth of Buffalo and her influence upon the welfare of the 
 country and the continent depend. 
 
 BARNES, HENGERER & CO., 
 
 Importers, Jobbers and Retailers of Dry Goods, Notions, Carpets and Shoes — 
 
 Nos. 256 to 268 Main St. 
 
 This great house succeeded the well-known firm of Barnes, Bancroft & Co., they in 
 turn succeeding Barnes & Bancroft, and Sherman & Barnes, running back in a long and 
 prosperous business career of over thirty years, making them, without exception, the 
 oldest dry goods house in Western New York, and also the largest concern between 
 New York and Chicago. The present firm name began in February, 1885, and is com- 
 posed of Messrs. J. C. Barnes, William Hengerer, J. C. Nagel, C. 0. Howard and J. K. 
 Bancroft, the latter being a special partner, having retired from active business in the 
 firm February 1, 1885. Mr. Barnes has been connected with the firm since 1850, Mr. 
 Hengerer since 1861, Mr. Nagel since 1869, Mr. Howard since 1880, and Mr. J. K. Ban- 
 croft since 1871. Mr. W. G. Bancroft (partner with Mr. Barnes in the firm of Barnes & 
 Bancroft, and later as Barnes. Bancroft & Co.) retired from business May, 1881, because 
 of ill health, and died the following October. His brother, Mr. J. K. Bancroft, being a 
 member of the firm, the old name was retained until the retirement of Mr. J. K. Ban- 
 croft, when it became the present firm, Barnes, Hengerer & Co., Mr. Hengerer having 
 been a senior partner with Mr. Barnes since 1874. 
 
 The growth of this popular house has been wonderful — from a business of $200,000 
 
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74 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 to one of close on to $4,000,000 in Buffalo and $1,000,000 in Minneapolis, by their branch 
 bouse there; which is, without doubt, the largest business by many hundreds of thou- 
 sands west of New York and east of Chicago. The principles upon which this great 
 house has built up its immense business have been to pay cash for all goods purchased, 
 discounting every bill, large or pmall, and then selling upon small margins for cash, and 
 at one price only to one and all. They employ, during different seasons of the year, 
 from three hundred and fifty to four hundred persons in their different departments, 
 retail, wholesale and manufacturing; over one hundred and fifty being employed in 
 their cloak manufacturing department, which is a very important feature of their 
 business, manufacturing over a quarter of a million dollars every year in cloaks and 
 wraps of all kinds, jobbing large quantities in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan, as 
 well as our own State. 
 
 A partial description of the building in which this great business is transacted may 
 be of interest to readers of this book. Tbey occupy solely the immense building on 
 Main street known as the "Great Iron Block," which is five stories high, entirely of 
 iron, of magnificent proportions, and of great architectural beauty, 125 feet frontage on 
 Main street, a depth of 235 feet to Pearl street, and a frontage on Pearl street of 145 
 feet. The first floor, which is one vast room, is used entirely for their large retail 
 business. Some idea of the size of this immense floor can be obtained from the fact 
 that seven times around it makes a mile. The basement, which is the same size as the 
 retail floor, is used for the sale of oil-cloths, low-priced carpets, etc., and for the storage 
 of the large reserve stock necessary in a business of this kind. The Main-street upper 
 floors are used for the wholesale trade, which is very large, keeping from ten to twelve 
 travelers constantly on the road. The Pearl-street building is used for their manufact- 
 uring business, which has been briefly outlined. No pains or expense have been 
 considered in the fitting up of this model dry goods house for the comfort and conven- 
 ience of their patrons — toilet and waiting-room for ladies, with female attendant ; public 
 drinking fountain ; elevators, making access to wholesale departments easy and com- 
 fortable. 
 
 The members of this firm are courteous gentlemen of great affability of manner, 
 with whom the transaction of business is a pleasure, which, taken with their great 
 business sagacity and commercial integrity, is the secret of their wonderful success. 
 
 EXSTEIN & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers aud Jobbers of Men's Furnishing Goods — Nos. 104 and 106 
 
 Pearl St. 
 
 Among the variety- of Buffalo manufacturing establishments there are compara- 
 tively few that transact a larger annual business than is done by Messrs. Exsteiu 
 & Co. There is another feature of this business that has an important bearing on 
 the general welfare of the city, and that is the amount of employment it fur- 
 nishes to a very worthy class, and also the disbursement of a sum aggregating $50,000 
 a year for labor alone. This firm, which began business in this city in January, 1884, 
 at No, 185 Washington street, is engaged in the manufacture of pants, overalls and 
 shirts, and also as jobbers in gent's furnishing goods. The business increased rapidly, 
 and now amounts to from $300,000 to $400,000 a year. In 1885 it was found necessary 
 to secure more extensive quarters, when the firm removed to their present site at Nos. 
 104 and 106 Pearl street. Here a four-story building, 60 by 125 feet, is occupied, and a 
 working force of seventy hands is required. The manufacturing facilities are excel- 
 lent, and 75 machines, operated by a gas-engine, are run on the fourth floor of the 
 building. Besides, a considerable quantity of work is done on the outside by women 
 and girls who take it home. The trade of the house extends into Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
 Michigan, Indiana, lllinois,Wisconsin and Minnesota, requiring the services of seven men 
 on the road. The pay-roll amounts to $1,000 a week. The members of the firm are, 
 J. Exstein, H. Waterman, I. Hyman and Max Weil, special. Mr. Exstein has resided 
 in Buffalo for many years. He directs the manufacturing and has a general supervision 
 of the entire business generally. Mr. Weil resides in New York, and is a member of 
 the firms of Weil & Kohn, glove manufacturers, and the Crown Suspender Co. Mr. 
 Exstein has always taken a lively interest in the city of Buffalo, and for a time filled 
 the office of Park Commissioner. 
 
 This is a fair sample of the houses that have been largely instrumental in giving 
 this city a status second to i^Pi^/ffegcPjqji mf&b^fm 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 75 
 
 JOHN B. MANNING, 
 
 Maltster and Importer of Canada Barley— Proprietor of Frontier Canada 
 Malt-house— Office, No. 59 Main St. 
 
 The malting of barley for brewing purposes is recognized as a leading American 
 industry, thanks to the immense German immigration that during the past half century 
 has flowed in and, to a great extent, revolutionized the bibulous tastes of our people by 
 the introduction of a less fiery beverage than that to which the fathers of the present 
 generation were accustomed. The port of Buffalo is especially well located for the 
 successful prosecution of this business for several reasons, prominent among which 
 may be mentioned her equable climate, permitting of a season some weeks longer in 
 duration than any other nortliern point, and her near vicinity to the famous barley- 
 growing regions of Western New York and Canada — regions producing heavier crops 
 and finer grades of this grain than can be found elsewhere in America. It is claimed, 
 and it is susceptible of proof, that Buffalo possesses ample facilities for the malting of 
 4,000,000 bushels of grain annually, which can be supplied to brewers all over the 
 country on the best possible terms, and, owing to the extraordinary advantages of the 
 city as a shipping point, either by lake, canal or rail, orders can be filled more promptly 
 and economically by Builalo maltsters than by their rivals elsewhere. 
 
 It is not, however, of the malting interest in general that we set out to write, but 
 of the leading house here — perhaps the largest in thei world — representing that interest, 
 viz., Mr. John B. Manning, whose name and whose large and extended trade are 
 familiar to every man at all conversant with this line of enterprise throughout the 
 States and the neighboring Dominion. Mr. Manning's malt-house, the " Frontier 
 Canada," is situated at Black Rock, foot of Auburn avenue, adjacent to the Grand 
 Trunk, Canada Southern and New York Central Railways and the Erie Canal, and near 
 the river. Side-tracks and elevators connect it with both canal and railways, and the 
 provision for the receipt and shipment of grain and malt is, beyond comparison, the 
 most complete of any in the country engaged similarly, there being also direct com- 
 munication with the various railway lines traversing Canada and this State. This great 
 establishment, erected in 1873, ia nine stories in height, 100 by 368 feet in area, contains 
 two steam elevators, has a storage capacity of S00,000 bushels, and an annual malting 
 capacity of nearly 1,000,000 bushels. 
 
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76 THE INDUSTRIES 01 BUFFALO. 
 
 It is almost needless to say that tlie malt made in this house is invariably of the 
 best quality, a favorite with brewers, and commands the highest ruling figures at all 
 times. Mr. Manning is also a heavy importer of Canada barley — concededly the best- 
 grain for malting that can be procured. His business olEce is at No. 59 Main street, a 
 location selected because of its contiguity and convenience to the various railways, the 
 canal and river. He employs from eighty to ninety men in his malt-house, elevators 
 and offices. 
 
 Mr. Manning came hither from Albany in 1856. Three years later he began business 
 as a commission merchant and maltster, a calling to which he devoted himself with 
 industry and assiduity, and thus founded upon a lasting basis his present great enter- 
 prise. He has also been successful socially, politically and as a public-spirited citizen. 
 having succeeded Mr. Cleveland in the office of mayor, and filled the vice-president's and 
 president's chairs of the Board of Trade. 
 
 GEORGE MUGRIDGE & SON, 
 
 steam Bakery — Manufacturers of Choice Biscuits, Crackers, Cakes, Jumbles, 
 etc.— Nos. lO, 13 and 14 Elk St. 
 
 It is always a matter of personal gratification to come in contact with the successful 
 business man. This is particularly the case with the writer whose duty it is to chron- 
 icle the business affairs of a community, and more especially so when the aforesaid 
 business man proves to be the true type of the perfect gentleman, in his counting-room 
 as well as anywhere else. These observations are the outcome of impressions received 
 in an interview with the house of Messrs. George Mugridge & Sou. The result of a 
 call there was prolific of a fund of interesting information in regard to one of the 
 oldest and most successful of Buffalo's industrial interests. 
 
 Since 1841 this house has been engaged in the manufacture of that variety of indis- 
 pensable as well as toothsome articles which the well-appointed steam bakery is con- 
 structed for. Its founder was the elder Mr. James Mugridge, a native of EUsford, 
 Kent, England, who arrived in New York with his family, including the head of the 
 present firm, in 1881. He was then thirty-five years of age, and possessed of a capital 
 largely made up of that indomitable energy and self-reliance which characterized the 
 early settlers. He located in Utica in the fall of the same year, and finally came to 
 this city in 1841. He began the business herein referred to on a very limited scale. 
 The enterprise prospered from the start, and in 1850 its promotor retired from the 
 business and was succeeded by Mr. Geo. Mugridge, the senior member of the present 
 firm. January 1, 1863, Mr. James A. Mugridge was admitted a member of the house, 
 when the present style was assumed. The business, under the careful management it 
 always received, continued to expand until it has now reached proportions which its 
 founder probably never anticipated. The buildings occupied, which front on Elk and 
 Illinois streets, are of brick and specially designed for the business and include an area 
 of 60 by 150 feet. It would be superfluous to enumerate the mechanical equipment in 
 detail, as it includes all the latest and most improved inventions known to the trade. 
 The daily output consumes 135 barrels of .flour. An adequate idea can be formed of 
 the different manipulations it receives when the one item of oyster crackers is turned 
 out by the million each day. Take another item by way of illustration : In jumbles, 
 3,000 per minute are cut and placed in pans. The same magnificent scale of operations 
 applies to the great variety of fancy cakes, biscuits, crackers, snaps, bread, rolls, etc. 
 A working force of from sixty to seventy-five employees is constantly required, and the 
 local trade alone necessitates a half-dozen wagons. The annual business is, in the 
 aggregate, about a quarter million dollars, and extends to all the lake ports and through 
 the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan. This requires the attention 
 of several traveling representatives. 
 
 It is unnecessary to state that the uniform high standard of the goods of this house 
 has always been maintained. .Also, in their dealings with the trade, Messrs. Mugridge 
 & Son invariably are the soul of liberality and high-mindedness. Both members give 
 their personal attention to the business, and in every particular the house is and always 
 has been a model one. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 77 
 
 LEE, HOLLAND & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Doors, Sasb, Blinds, Shutters, Mouldings, etc. — Wholesale 
 and Retail Dealers in Rough and Dressed Lumber of all Descriptions — 
 Boxes, Nailed, Dovetailed or in Shooks— Corner Court and Wilkeson Sts. 
 
 A little more than thirty years ago Messrs. Eaton & Co. founded on a small scale the 
 DOW great and celebrated door, sash and planing mill above illustrated. Since then 
 several changes have occurred in the ownership — first, to Eaton, Brown & Co., then, in 
 1868, to Clarke, Holland & Co., and in 1881 to Lee, Holland & Co., who still own and 
 •operate the plant, which has grown in extent, value and volume of products until 
 to-day it is one of the largest in the country, fronting 375 feet on Wilkeson street, 325 
 feet on Court street, with a depth of 65 feet on both streets, and a height of three and 
 four stories. The machinery equipment is complete and costly, embracing every 
 approved modern device for the rapid and economical working of wood, the dressing of 
 lumber, the manufacture of finished building material, boxes, etc. A force of two 
 hundred and fifty men is employed ; the weekly pay-rolls average $3,500, and the 
 average annual value of the output is about $450,000, most of which is manufactured 
 to order for or sold to the trade in New York city, where a branch warehouse is main- 
 tained. It is scarcely necessary further to describe this splendid establishment, our 
 engraving giving a much better idea of its appearance and extent than any words 
 <;ould do. 
 
 It will be noted that ample lumber yards and dry-kilns are attached, and that railroad 
 tracks bound two sides of the premises, thus furnishing unsurpassed facilities for the 
 delivery of raw material and the shipment of manufaciured goods, the latter embracing 
 full lines of pine and hardwood doors, solid and veneered, sash of all kinds, outside 
 and inside blinds and shutters, mouldings, flooring, siding, ceiling, rough and dresfed 
 lumber for all purposes, boxes and packing-cases, in short, anything required in the 
 line of mill work. The lounge and mattress works of Holland & VHas, ot which a 
 •detailed account will be found on another page, occupy a portion of these buildings. 
 
 The members of the firm are Messrs. James H. and Franklin Lee, Nelson Holland 
 and Henry Montgomery. Mr. Henry Montgomery gives his undivided attention to the 
 affairs of the house, here and in New York. Mr. Frank Lee is interested in lumbering 
 at the West and in the dredging of the harbor and canals of Buffalo. Mr. Nelson 
 Holland, one of the city's oldest and most conspicuous business men, is a member of the 
 firms of Holland & Stuart and Holland & Vilas, and is a heavy lumber manufacturer 
 at East Saginaw, Mich. In all, it is doubtful if any concern in the country commands a 
 better array of personal character, energy, enterprise, business capacity and public 
 spirit than are marshaled under the name and style of Lee, Holland & Co. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
78 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 HOWARD H. BAKER & CO., 
 
 Ship Chandlers, Riggers and Sailmakers— Dealers in Cordage, "Wire Rigging 
 and Kope, Steel and Iron Hoisting Tackle, Sails, etc.— Mos. 18, SO, 22,24 
 and 26 Terrace. 
 
 Situated at tlie foot of lake naviga- 
 tion, controlling direct rail and water 
 lines to the seaboard, the port of Buffalo 
 is naturally and necessarily the head- 
 quarters and outfitting point of the 
 shipping of our inland seas, and conse- 
 quently the building and equipment of 
 steam and sailing craft is a large and 
 flourishing industry that rather in- 
 creases than diminishes year by year, 
 employing hundreds of industrious 
 artisans turning out millions of dollars' 
 worth of first-class work annually. 
 
 The most conspicuous Buffalo house 
 in the handling of cordage. 
 
 lilt 
 
 I I'li 
 
 I OROASE. BLOCKS. TWINES PAfHTS- 
 
 wire rope, hoisting tackle, etc., and the 
 making of sails, is the great ship- 
 chandlery establishment of Howard H. Baker & Co., Nos. 18, 20, 32, 24 and 26 Terrace, 
 occupying the entire triangular space lying between Commercial and Pearl streets and 
 the Terrace, four stories and basement, one hundred feet front on the Terrace by seventy 
 feet on Commercial and Pearl streets. The house was founded in 1830, by William S. 
 Waters & Co., at the corner of Prime and Lloyd streets, removing in 1844 to the Union 
 Steamboat Company's building, foot of Lloyd street. Kimberly & Waters in 1833 
 succeeded Wm. S. Waters & Co., and were in turn succeeded by V\ aters & Atwater in 
 1836, the latter firm changing to Atwater, Williams & Co. in 1841. In 1845 Williams, 
 Howard & Co. became proprietors, and were succeeded in 1850 by Howard, Newman & 
 Co., who retired to make room for Vosburgh & Baker. In 1883 the present firm, com- 
 posed of Howard H. Baker and Thomas Warren, took charge, and have made the 
 concern more successful in every way than ever before. Mr. Baker has been connected 
 with, it since 1854, while Mr. Warren has had a practical experience of twenty-five 
 years in his calling. 
 
 This house employs about a dozen skillful riggers and sailmakers, the sailmaking 
 department being known as D. Provoost's Sons ; handle vast quantities of superior 
 cordage, wire rigging and rope, steel and iron hoisting tackle, canvas, and everything 
 required above decks in fitting out steam or sailing craft, large or small. They find 
 their regular customers in all the lake ports and among the shipbuilders and owners of 
 Buffalo, and do an annual business of $100,000. Their work, which can be found on 
 all northern waters, speaks for itself. 
 
 Mr. Baker is an enterprising and prominent Buffalonian, a native of the county, and 
 has resided here since 1847. He is a director of the Lake Brie Excursion Co., vice- 
 president of the Young Men's Association, president of the City Club, and popular and 
 respected in all the relations of life. Mr. Warren is a native of Canada, resides at 
 Fort Erie, and attends strictly to business. 
 
 R. HUMPHREY, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Flour, Feed, Coal and Wood— Foot of Amherst 
 
 St., Black Rock. 
 
 Mr. Humphrey established himself at the above location in 1882, and, with the 
 assistance of Mr. A. W. Gilbert, who holds a silent partnership, invested capital to the 
 amount of $23,000 in stock and facilities, which are first-class. A large and well- 
 selected line of choice flour and breadstuffs, hay, grain and mill-feed, invite the atten- 
 tion of the trade, while he handles immense quantities of coal and wood. He offers the 
 best in all lines on the most reasonable terms. Employing ten men in store and yards, 
 and selling to the retail dealers of Buffalo, Tonawanda, and surrounding towns, his 
 transactions average about $100,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. Humphrey is of Welsh nativity. He came to New York at the age of twenty, 
 without capital, has farmed some and had the care of Mr. C. Gilbert's horses for twelve 
 
 years. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 
 
 79 
 
 DAVID TUCKER & CO. 
 
 Photographic Supplies, Picture Frames, Mouldings, Stereoscopes, Albums, 
 etc.— Nos. 410 and 413 Slain St. 
 
 Philo Allen founded tbia liouse in 1850 — more than thirty-aix years ago — since 
 which time it has been conducted by several successive proprietors, coming into the 
 hands of the present firm, composed of David Tucker and Stephen B. Butts, in 1868. 
 Mr. Tucker has had an experience of many years in the handling of photographic 
 
 ■ supplies and kindred goods, and is an expert in all that concerns the art and its require- 
 ments. Mr. Butts was formerly engaged with Philo Allen as clerk, and has always 
 been in this business, joining Mr. Tucker when he entered, and has mastered all of its 
 details so thoroughly that he is now justly considered an authority on the subject of 
 advanced photography, its history and its needs. 
 
 The firm occupy three commodious floors at the above number, each 25 by 100 feet, 
 elegantly fitted up in every department and stocked with an exhibit of photographic 
 goods of all kinds, American and imported, such as perhaps no house west of New 
 York can show, embracing full lines of photographic apparatus, materials, cameras, 
 plates, chemicals — in short, anything and everything relating to the art, together with 
 an endless assortment of rosewood, walnut, velvet, gilt and fancy frames and mould- 
 ings. This grand depot of supplies can fit out a complete photographic studio down to 
 the most insignificant item, ready for business, within twenty-four hours. Everything 
 
 ■ handled by thehouse is guaranteed as represented, while its reputation for promptitude 
 and reliability is established and secure. 
 
 LOUIS A. LENHARD & CO., 
 
 Produce Commission Merchants and "Wholesale Dealers in Butter, Sggs, 
 Cheese, Poultry, Fruits, Vegetables, etc. — No. 602 Washington St., oppo- 
 site Washington Market. 
 
 The above enterprising house was established in 1880, and has proved a very success- 
 ful one, doing already an average annual business of $50,000, extending throughout 
 Western New York and Pennsylvania, as well as the city. The firm, composed Of 
 Liouis a Lenhard and J. J. Zimmer, occupy one floor at the above number, 23 by 80 feet, 
 and carry fine stocks of fall goods in their line, embracing dairy, orchard and farm pro- 
 ducts, poultry, etc., and make specialties of butter, eggs and cheese, of which they 
 handle large quantities on commission. Both partners are experienced commission 
 men, and their house is enjoying great prosperity. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 81 
 
 THE RICHMOND ELEVATOR. 
 
 Mrs. Mary E. Richmond, Proprietress— Buffalo River, Opposite Foot of Main St. 
 
 Any account of the business history of Buffalo would be incomplete that should 
 neglect special mention of the Richmond Elevator, which, standing opposite the foot 
 •of Main street, has for nearly twenty-two years exerted a beneficent influence upon the 
 ■commerce and contributed to the glory of the city. 
 
 This fine elevator was built by the noted Riohmonds, Dean and J. M., in 1865, and 
 has always been a valuable and desirable property. Dean Richmond died in 1866, and 
 in 1*880 his widow purchased the interest of J. M. Richmond, thus becoming sole owner. 
 James McCredie, Esq., No. 236 Main street. Is attorney and agent for the Dean Rich- 
 mond estate. Mr. George Emslie, who entered the service of the Richmonds at the 
 opening of the elevator in 1865, as assistant superintendent, has for more than ten 
 jears filled the post of superintendent, while his son, Mr. Henry P. Emslie, is foreman, 
 having under his direction about one hundred men. 
 
 The Richmond Elevator, eligibly located with reference to lake and canal navigation 
 and railroad communication, occupies premises about four hundred feet square, front- 
 ing on Buffalo river and the Blackwell canal. The building itself is 135 by 125 feet, 
 with a height of 125 feet, and is fitted up in the best manner throughout, the largest 
 •dry-kiln in the United States, with a capacity of 15,000 bushels per day, forming a 
 portion of the equipment. The storage capacity is about 300,000 bushels, or 6,000,000 
 per annum. 
 
 Like the other elevators here, the Richmond is a member of the Western Elevator 
 <!ompany, more extended notice of which will be found under the proper heading 
 elsewhere. 
 
 DENTON & COTTIER, 
 
 Sole Agents for Steinway & Sons' Pianos — Music Publishers— Importers of All 
 Kinds of Musical Merchandise— No. 269 Main St. 
 
 Most refined people are more or less musical ; consequently, the more intelligent 
 and refined the community, the more inclined is it to musical pursuits. Hence Buffalo, 
 while making no noisy pretensions to extraordinary musical culture, is, nevertheless, 
 as the home of a well-to-do, educated people, really a musical center of no small 
 merit, and its people liberal patrons of all that tends to encourage and elevate the art. 
 Consequently, the vocation of the dealer in music, musical goods, etc., takes high rank 
 here, and is generously supported by the public at large, and more especially by those 
 whose social and pecuniary position is such as to require and justify the necessary 
 •outlay. 
 
 The oldest and most conspicuous musical emporium here — the one that has contrib- 
 uted most to develop the musical taste of the Buffalo public — is that of Denton & Cot- 
 tier, No. 269 Main street, established by James D. Sheppard in 1827. The style became 
 Sheppard, Cottier & Co. in 1863, Cottier & Denton in 1867, and, by the association of the 
 last named junior partner with the widow of the former senior in 1883, the present 
 firm of Denton & Cottier was formed. It is needless to speak at length of the experi- 
 ■ence of Mr. Denton, who has been a partner in the house for nearly twenty-three years, 
 and now has the active management. He is known, personally or by reputation, to 
 nearly everybody in Western New York, and popular with all. The house does a pros- 
 perous business of from $75,000 to $100,000 a year, and handles one of the largest, 
 most complete and finest line of musical goods of any establishment between New 
 York and Chicago, requiring for salesrooms and storage purposes the entire four-story 
 and basement building, 20 by 100 feet, in which it is domiciled. The stock embraces a 
 great variety of superior pianos, comprising fine selections of the justly celebrated 
 Steinway & Sons, Steck, Mathuschek, Fisher and others, together with Wilcox & White 
 and Schoninger organs, etc. The firm are also direct importers of every description of 
 musical merchandise and instruments, and publishers of sheet music, in which latter 
 specialty the house enjoys an enviable celebrity. 
 
 Mr. Denton is an Englishman, formerly a successful teacher of music, a church 
 organist of note, and a past master of Erie lodge No. 161, F. and A. M. 
 
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82 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 ROOT & KEATING, 
 
 Tanners of Hemlock Sole Leather— Office and Warehouse, Nos. 14 to 24 "Wells 
 St., Buffalo ; Tanneries, Port Allegany, Pa., and Olean, N. Y. 
 
 The manufacture of leatlier, 
 one of the most important and 
 indispensable of industries, is 
 well represented in Buffalo by 
 the splendid house of Root & 
 Keating, whose great ware- 
 house, illustrated by the ac- 
 companying cut, forms an at- 
 tractive feature of the city in 
 the vicinity of the Union de- 
 pot. This fine building fronts 
 ii7 feet on Wells street, with 
 a depth of 134 feet, and is five 
 stories high, furnishing am- 
 ple storage room for all the 
 leather made at the iirm's- 
 vast tanneries at Olean, N. 
 Y., and Port Allegany, Pa.,, 
 the former of 600 and the 
 latter of 700 sides daily ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 Messrs. Root & Keating give exclusive attention to the manufacture of superior 
 hemlock sole leather, and have every desirable facility, as above indicated, for placing- 
 upon the market vast quantities of the highest grades of this material, the demand for 
 which increases from year to year as its excellent quality becomes more widely known. 
 Their tanneries, as before stated, are among the largest in the world. They are also- 
 among the best arranged, supplied with improved machinery and every available mod- 
 ern device for the rapid and effective manipulation of hides, and conveniently situated 
 with reference to the hemlock forests of New York and Pennsylvania as well as to th& 
 lines of transportation. The firm find ready demand in American and European mar- 
 kets for every pound of sole leather they can produce, their goods, by reason of careful 
 and skillful workmanship, commanding the confidence of consumers and the highest, 
 prices wherver offered. Some two hundred men are employed in all, and the value of 
 the output ranges up into the millions. 
 
 The members of the firm, Messrs. Francis H. Root and Robert Keating, are experi- 
 enced, able and popular business men, famous throughout Northern and Western New 
 York. The industry under consideration was founded in 1864 by Jewett & Keating, 
 passing into the hands of the present firm in 1876. Mr. Root was formerly of the 
 house of Jewett & Root, who began the manufacture of stoves in Buffalo fifty years 
 ago. Mr. Keating was of the same firm until 1864, when the firm of Jewett & Keating 
 was formed. Both members give their exclusive attention to the firm's present inter- 
 ests, and have built up their sole leather manufacture from small beginnings to its now 
 commanding position among the largest and most valuable business enterprises on the 
 continent. Both are earnest, energetic, enterprising and public-spirited men, and are 
 adding largely to Buffalo's commercial prestige as well as to their private fortunes. 
 
 CLARK & ALLEN, 
 
 "Wholesale and Retail Dealers in "Wall Papers, Paper Hangings, Art andl 
 Mural Decorations, "Window Shades and Fixtures, etc. — No. 570 Main St. 
 
 Interior decoration is no longer a mere trade that may be pursued successfully by 
 any one who can obtain a paper-hanger's outfit, but an art hardly second to that of the 
 fresco painter, whose labors it supplements and sometimes even supplants. Thanks to- 
 this art, the palaces of the rich and the cottages of the poor alike are rendered more 
 luxurious, more beautiful and more homelike than ever before, while skill and inven- 
 tion are more than ever stimulated to new and pleasing combinations of patterns, colors 
 and effects. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 83 
 
 " There is always room at the top" in every calling, and, acting upon this truism, 
 Messrs. Thomas S. Clark and William S. Allen, recognized masters of the art, in 1885 
 entered into a copartnership and opened the now popular and v, ell-patronized establish- 
 ment at No. 570 Main street, and achieved an immediate and remarkable success. Their 
 establishment occupies two floors of the handsome building indicated, each 18 by 105 
 feet, and is stocked with superb lines of choice goods pertaining to interior ornamenta- 
 tion, embracing all the favorite varieties of wall papers, art and mural decorations, 
 including the famous Lincrusta-Walton for hangings, wainscoting, dadoes, friezes, bor- 
 ders, ceilings, etc., plastic relief for hand decorating, plain and fancy room mouldings, 
 chair rails, etc. Carrying complete new stocks of novel and standard designs in hang- 
 ings, and employing a corps of competent workmen, the house is prepared to make con- 
 tracts at comparatively low rates for paper-hanging in all its branches, fresco and plain 
 painting, tinting and decorating, producing novel and artistic effects and doing firsi- 
 class work. They also make to order any desired style of window-shade. No pains or 
 expense is spared to please, and Messrs. Clark & Allen have fairly earned their remark- 
 able success. 
 
 BUFFALO ACADEMY OF DESIGN AND ART 
 
 SCHOOL. 
 
 E. Henri Kelly, Principal— Southeast Corner Slain and Slohawk Sts. 
 
 The object of this most beneficent and successful institution is to place ample 
 means of theoretical and practical instruction within reach of all who desire to 
 advance themselves in draughting and the practical construction of buildings. It is 
 organized and conducted upon broad and comprehensive principles, such as will afEord 
 the student rare scope and opportunity for perfecting himself in the higher mechanics, 
 and gives him a kind and degree of training unattainable in any of the mere technical 
 schools or workshops where only theory is taught upon the one hand and practice on 
 the other. An experienced, practical designer, draughtsman and builder has practical 
 direction of the school — a gentleman who possesses not only the knowledge required, 
 but the ability and tact which enable him to impart it to others. The branches taught 
 — beginning at the foundation and systematically grounding the pupil in the funda- 
 mental principles upon which to rear a substantial superstructure — are : The arts of 
 designing, mechanical draughting, architectural draughting, surveying and civil engi- 
 neering, mathematics, geometry and philosophy, commercial law, pencil drawing, crayon 
 drawing, India ink drawing, water-color drawing, etching and stipple drawing. 
 
 Not only are draughting and construction taught theoretically, but the pupil is 
 rapidly advanced to the mechanical or building department, where tools, materials, etc., 
 are furnished free, and he not only draughts the plan but constructs a miniature 
 building in all its parts, thus gaining practical as well as theoretical knowledge of the 
 mechanic arts. Designs for every description of buildings and bridges are furnished, 
 and approved principles of construction taught by precept and practice. 
 
 The school is a valuable auxiliary to the building trades especially, and is largely- 
 availed of by those who, either with or without previous training, desire to perfect 
 themselves as first-claas mechanics. The course comprises four terms of three months 
 each, night sessions also being held. 
 
 Prof. E. Henri Kelly originated and founded this school, the first session beginning 
 September 1, 1883, and has received a great deal of encouragement, both moral and 
 material, at the hands of the classes it is designed to benefit. Mr. W. D. Phelps is 
 professor of mathematics and geometry. Mr. Kelly, during his ten years of experience 
 as a teacher, has instructed some 5,600 pupils, any of whom will testify to the benefits 
 received. The academy occupies an entire floor of the large building southeast corner 
 of Main and Mohawk streets, 30 feet front by 80 feet deep, has a fine attendance, and 
 is steadily growing in popularity and usefulness 
 
 One of the visible results of the Buffalo Academy of Design is the introduction of 
 veneered brick architecture, already much in vogue east, and of which the residence of 
 Dr. S. W. Wetmore, No. 176 Franklin street, is a fine example. The plan of construc- 
 tion, which, it is claimed, saves ten to fifteen per cent, of the cost of building and 
 renders the house fifty per cent, dryer and warmer, is to erect a balloon frame, to which 
 one course of bricks is anchored with nails. This style of building is sure to become 
 popular on its merits. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
84 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 GEO. W. TIFFT, SONS & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Steam Engines and Boilers, Propeller Wheels, Mill Gear- 
 ing, Architectural Castings, etc. — Repair Work a Specialty — Office, No. 
 35 Washington St. 
 
 For nearly half a century Buffalo lias been celebrated for the character and extent 
 of her manufactures in iron and steel, and more particularly in the departments of 
 engines, boilei'S, mill machinery, architectural iron work, and kindred lines of products. 
 It is safe to say that in the building up of the superb reputation of the city in this 
 direction no rival establishment has done more, if so much, as the famous old house of 
 Geo. W. Tiiit, Sous & Co., founded in 1843 as the Buffalo Steam Engine Works. Since 
 then many changes have occurred in the personnel of the firm, but the ancient and 
 honored style adopted in 18o7 has been retained, while the same splendid business 
 management and mechanical skill have marked its entire career. At present the firm is 
 ■composed of Mr. Charles L. Whiting, the general manager, who has had charge since 
 , 1865, Mrs. C. C. F. Gay and Mrs. George D. Plimpton, both of whom entered the house 
 on the demise of Mr. John V. Tifft, some two or three years ago. 
 
 The works front on Washington street, from No. 15 to No. 35, cover four acres of 
 ground, and embrace three three-story buildings, containing a machine shop of 18,000 
 equare feet, two large foundries, two boiler shops, a pattern shop, and a separate one 
 and three-story fire-proof warehouse devoted to the storage of patterns, of which an 
 immense and extremely valuable stock is carried, comprising most of those originated 
 by or used in the works during the past forty-five years, and presenting an almost 
 complete exhibit of its productions since the first casting was made by the original 
 owners. 
 
 A complete equipment of modern improved machinery and appliances forms a 
 valuable and indispensable portion of the plant, which is the most extensive of the 
 kind in Buffalo, if not in the entire State. A force of 350 to 375 skilled mechanics and 
 laborers find steady and remunerative employment in the various departments, and 
 from $90,000 to $100,000 is annually disbursed in wages alone. 
 
 The leading specialties of the establishment are the manufacture of engines and 
 boilers of all kinds, marine and stationary, mill gearings, and superior architectural 
 castings, for which they have unsurpassed facilities and a heavy trade extending 
 throughout New Ydrk, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and to all portions of Canada and the 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 85 
 
 Northwest, where their work is held in the highest repute for style, workmanship, 
 durability and all excellent qualities. 
 
 Mr. Geo. W. TifEt, a stockliolder in the original company, and for more than twenty- 
 five years head of the firm of Geo. W. TifEt, Sons & Co., laid down the burden of an 
 honored life some years ago. He was universally respected and regarded as one of 
 Buffalo's most valuable citizens, contributing of his time, labor and means to place and 
 keep her in her present proud position as Queen of the Lakes. He was an acute, far- 
 seeing and public-spirited business man, to whom the city is largely indebted for her 
 material and moral growth. 
 
 Mr. Whiting, Mrs. Gay and Mrs. Plimpton are also the proprietors of the TifEt 
 Furniture Company, and largely interested in all that tends to the welfare and prosperity 
 of BufEalo. 
 
 Of the fine work done by the architectural department of Geo. W. TifEt, Sons & Co. 
 ■we have space here only to particularize the iron work — stairways, etc. — of the new 
 BufEalo Library building and Music Hall, German Insurance building, Becker's new 
 store, Masonic Temple, Elmira, and the Lockport Court-house, all fine artistic work, 
 unsurpassed by the most celebrated iron founders and architects of this country or of 
 Europe. 
 
 THE MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS BANK, 
 
 Pascal P. Pratt, President ; Francis H. Root, Vice-President ; J&mes H. 
 
 Madison, Cashier ; Harry T. Kamsdell, Assistant Cashier— Capital, $900,- 
 
 OOO; Resources, $4,346,762.60— Southwest Corner Main and Seneca Sts. 
 
 The Manufacturers and Traders is one of those powerful and influential financial 
 corporations of which New York boasts so many, organized and operated under wise 
 State laws which, while extending proper encouragement and protection to the invest- 
 ors of capital in this most necessary branch of enterprise, yet hold the banker to a strict 
 accountability to his depositors and public opinion. 
 
 The Manufacturers and Traders' Bank of Buffalo was chartered March 24, 1856 — 
 nearly thirty-one years ago — witli $200,000 capital; Henry Martin, president ; Pascal 
 P. Pratt, vice-president ; D. F. Frazell, cashier, and the following board of directors : 
 Pascal P. Pratt, Francis H. Root, William H. Glenny, jr., Bronson C. Rumsey, Guilford 
 R. Wilson, Myron P. Bush, Sidney Shepard, A. H. Anderson, Jason Sexton, George 
 Truscott, S. V. R. Watson and Wells D. Walbridge. In 1859 the capital was increased 
 to $500,000, and in 1870 to $900,000, at which figure it has ever since remained. Tlie 
 bank has been removed several times. First established at No. 2 Swan street, the first 
 change was to the Harvey block. No. 273 Main street, in December, 1856 ; the second to 
 No. 22 West Seneca street, in 1861, and the third and last to the spacious fire-proof iron 
 building, southwest corner of Main and Seneca streets, in April, 1880. 
 
 This bank, established especially for the accommodation of manufacturers, mer- 
 chants and others engaged in active business, has carried out its original plan to the 
 letter, its vast capital, careful and conservative management and the well-established 
 personal and mercantile character of its founders and promoters enabling it to extend 
 moral and financial aid to its patrons and the general public in time of need, and uphold 
 and foster the material interests of the city in the most effective manner. Prudence 
 and economy have characterized its entire career, and it commands the entire confidence 
 of business circles at home and abroad. The subjoined quarterly statement for Decem- 
 ber 11, 1886, gives in condensed form the condition of this leading institution at the 
 present time: Resources — Loans and discounts, $3,814,612.10; overdrafts, $532.60; due 
 from banks. $525,502,94 ; real estate, $41,541.75; bonds and mortgages, $42,671.35; 
 United States bonds, $67,500; specie, $75,745.28; currency, $110,500; cash items, 
 $2,081.12; total, $4,680,687.26. Liabilities— capital, $900,000 ; undivided profits, $144,- 
 903.75; due depositors, $3,464,109.71 ; due banks, $171,673.80 ; total, $4,680,687.26. The 
 officers of the Manufacturers and Traders Bank are : President, Pascal P. Pratt ; vice- 
 president, Francis H. Root; cashier, James H. Madison; assistant cashier, Harry T. 
 Ramsdell. Of these Mr. Pratt was first vice-president and Mr. Boot one of the original 
 board of directors. Mr. Madison has been cashier since July, 1869. Directors — Pascal 
 P. Pratt, Francis H. Root, James H. Madison, Sherman S. Jewett, Bronson C. Rumsey, 
 Gibson T. Williams. William H. Glenny, Richard BuUymore, John D. Hill, Franklin 
 D. Locke, John L. Williams, Nelson Holland and Robert L. Fryer. 
 
 This institution does a regular legitimate banking business in deposits, loans, collec- 
 tions, exchange, etc., receives accounts of banks, bankers, manufacturers, merchants and 
 others on the most favorableJeriiiB, rernits .cnllectioiiB at lowest rates, and renders satis- 
 faction to all customers. Digitized by Microson® 
 
86 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 HATCH & JENKS. 
 
 Buffalo Coffee, Spice and Drug Mills— Importers and Jobbers of Teas, Coffees 
 and Spices — Manufacturers of Pure Spices, Baking Powder, Flavoring 
 Extracts, etc. — Nos. 155 and 157 "Washington St. 
 
 The demand for pure drugs, spice.s, coffees, etc. 
 — demoralized by the civil war and the reckless 
 speculative metiiods consequent thereto, which 
 led to adulterations and misrepresentations of the 
 grossest kinds in the name of legitimate business 
 — has revived under the fostering care of a small 
 but resolute class of upright importers and manu- 
 facturers, and once more it is possible, with care 
 and discrimination, to obtain genuine Mocha and 
 Java, genuine imported spices, and drugs that 
 have not been tampered with by the deft fingers 
 of the "manipulator." It is still, necessary, how- 
 ever, to look well to the name of the manufacturer 
 and avoid counterfeit labels when purchasing 
 ground goods of any kind. 
 
 A Buffalo firm that has contributed much to 
 this end, and which, in consequence, has earned 
 for itself an enviable reputation with the trade 
 and consumers, is that of Hatch & Jenks, Nos. 155 
 and 157 Washington street, whose finely-equipped 
 mills, forty-five by ninety feet, and four stories 
 high, comprise one of the most valuable plants of the kind in the country. Messrs. 
 Hatch & Jenks are heavy importers and jobbers of fine teas, coffees and spices, and, 
 having the advantage of steam power and a complete line of modern improved 
 machinery, they put upon the market large quantities of roasted coffees, ground spices, 
 etc., conveniently packed for the trade in such a manner as to retain their aroma and 
 strength indefinitely. They also grind drugs to order for the trade, and guarantee 
 satisfaction in all cases. They give special attention, besides, to the handling of pure 
 teas of their own importation, of which they carry at all times an extensive and care- 
 fully selected stock, comprising all the favorite brands of Chinese and Japanese growths. 
 Catering only to the highest class of trade, the house handles no inferior goods. The 
 Buffalo Coffee, Spice and Drug Mills were erected in 1849 by Messrs. Bradford & Chase, 
 and for many years enjoyed a fame co-ex.tensive with the Union, changing hands several 
 times. In April, 1881, Messrs. Hatch & Jenks, importers of teas, cofifees and spices, 
 purchased these mills with the view of extending their operations, which they have 
 succeeded beyond their anticipations in doing, their average sales for several years 
 exceeding $150,000. They employ five travelers and fourteen operatives, and are 
 flourishing as they deserve. They are also manufacturers on a large scale of chemically 
 pure baking powders and flavoring extracts, and will fill all orders promptly and satis- 
 factorily. Such a house is a credit to any city. 
 
 SPENCER HOUSE, 
 
 Cor. Washington and South Division Sts. — George Sperber, Proprietor. 
 
 This popular hotel was first opened in 1860. Since 1881 the present proprietor, Mr. 
 George Sperber, has been in charge, and the house has been entirely refitted and refur- 
 nished. It is a very popular resort for the theatrical profession, and every week the 
 representation among that fraternity is as large as that of any other in the city. They 
 have every inducement in the way of first-class fare and accommodations. Mr. Sperber 
 has had an extended experience in the business. He was four years at Delmonico's in 
 New York, and has resided in Buffalo over three years. He was a member of the Sixth 
 Bavarian infantry three years, is a Mason and also a member of the order of United 
 Friends. Mr. Sperber has been a great traveler, having visited every country of 
 Europe. He thoroughly understands catering to the traveling public, and has made 
 the Spencer House a popular resort. 
 
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TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 87 
 
 W. H. GLENNY, SONS & CO. 
 
 Importers and Jobbers of Crockery, China and Glass, Kerosene Chandeliers, 
 Lamps and Trimmings, Clocks, Plated and Sterling Silverware, Gas 
 Fixtures, etc.— Nos. 253 to 257 Main, and 260 and 262 Washington St. 
 
 One of tlie most attractive of Buffalo's 
 mercantile establisliments is tliat of Messrs. 
 W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co., Nos. 353 to 357 
 Main street, of which great tliorouglifare 
 its superb iron and glass front is an orna- 
 ment that at once arrests the attention and 
 excites the admiration of the sojourner in 
 the city. This fine five-story edifice, front- 
 
 ___^ , iiig fifty-five feet on Main, extends through, 
 
 !TV.->irAt!A A4fe A A^yflhAiH^lill ^^o hundred feet, to Washington street, 
 
 ^f|MRinini'":rin'nin''~ If and is in all respects one of the most ele- 
 
 gant and convenient business structures in 
 America. It ia, however, the beautiful 
 and useful contents that attract the visitor 
 and leads him or her on from department 
 to department until the entire display has 
 been loolced upon with pleasure and ap- 
 proval. 
 
 It would be vain to attempt, within the 
 limits of a notice of this kind, a detailed 
 description of all the fine and handsome 
 objects of ornament and utility carried by 
 Messrs. W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co. Suffice 
 it to say tljat it emljraces full lines of 
 imported and American household goods 
 for tlie trade — plain and ornamental cliina, 
 glass, crockery, chandeliers, gas fixtures, 
 lamps of all kinds, with trimmings for 
 same, clocks in every conceivable design, 
 sterling silver and plated ware, and a 
 variety of goods too numerous to even name here. The house also makes a specialty 
 ■of a full line of domestic housekeeping goods of medium grade and low prices, enabling 
 their trade to supply consumers with anything required, suitable for people in every 
 station and of every degree of means. 
 
 As before remarked, this is one of the largest establishments in the country. The 
 founder of the house, Mr. W. H. Qlenny. came hither from the north of Ireland in 
 1836. He was of Scotch descent, an'd partook largely of the thrift and virtues of that 
 people. His first employment here was as clerk in A. W. Wilgus' bookstore. In 1840 
 he embarked in business for himself as proprietor of a small crockery store. The 
 •growth of the business obliged him from time tO' time to enlarge his quarters until, in 
 1877, he was obliged, for the proper accommodation of the stock, to erect the block now 
 •occupied by the firm, which consists of Wni. H., Bryant B. and John C. Glenny and 
 Irwin R. Brayton, who, upon the death of W. H. Qienny, sr., succeeded him in business. 
 
 Some idea of the operations of the house may be gleaned from the fact tiiat, in 
 addition to the building already noticed, the firm has a six-story warehouse, 6."> by 135 
 feet in area, at No. 45 Pearl street, stocked at all times from cellar to roof with goods 
 of all grades in their line, exclusively for the wholesale trade. 
 
 Messrs. W. H. Qlenny, Sons & Co. maintain a broad territorial connection with the 
 trade in general, extending all over New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and throughout the 
 West and Northwest. The firm is one of the most liberal and obliging in existence, and 
 •offers rare inducements to buyers. The office of the house is at No. 351 Main street. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 GERHARD LANG'S PARK BREWERY. 
 
 Office, Corner Best and Jefferson Sts. ; Depots: Boston, Baltimore and 
 
 "Washington. 
 
 This now celebrated brewery, among tbe largest in Western New York and enjoying 
 a national reputation for tbe superior quality of its product, was founded in tbe year 
 1845 by Mr. Pbilip Born, to whom Mr. Jacob Webner succeeded, Mr. Lang buying out 
 tbe latter in 1868. Under tbe present administration tbe property has grown to 
 extraordinary proportions and immense value, the malt-houses and brewery buildings 
 occupying an entire block, bounded by JefEerson, Best, Berlin and Dodge streets, and 
 tbe architectural character of the improvements are of the handsomest and most sub- 
 stantial description, as will be seen by reference to our engraving. Tbe establishment 
 employs in all one hundred and ten men, and the average annual output is not less 
 than 100,000 barrels of the finest quality of lager beer, a favorite brand at home and 
 sold largely throughout the Atlantic States, as far south as Virginia, requiring the 
 maintenance of depots at Boston, Baltimore and Washington, the New York and 
 Philadelphia markets being supplied by direct shipments from. Buffalo in refrigerator 
 cars. All the malt required in the brewing operations is made on the premises from 
 selected Canada barley, and is of the highest grade. The brewery itself is equipped 
 from vault floors to roof in the most complete and perfect manner with every improved 
 modern appliance, including several immense ice machines, and additional facilities and 
 conveniences are added, from time to time, as required. The leading specialty is 
 Bohemian larger beer for export and home consumption, and it is safe to say that no- 
 finer article is made either in this country or in Europt. 
 
 Mr. Gerhard Lang, the head of this great brewing and malting industry, is a 
 native of Germany, and emigrated to this country in 1848, when but fourteen years old. 
 He learned the trade of butcher, which he successfully pursued until his marriage, 
 in 1867, when he took possession of Born's brewery at the corner of Genesee and 
 JefEerson streets. Industrious, energetic and enterprising, it was not long ere he had 
 built up a business too extensive for his facilities. Looking about him in search of 
 elbow-room, he secured the ground he now occupies, and has continued to prosper and 
 add to his trade and manufacturing capacity from year to year until now, although he 
 owns an entire square where his brewery stands, he has been compelled to extend his 
 malting facilities by the purchase or erection of buildings in other portions of the city, 
 and turns out about 350,000 bushels of this product per annum. 
 
 Mr. Edwin G. S. Miller, Mr. Lang's genial and popular son-in-law and partner, has 
 for the past two or three years assumed an active part in tbe business management of 
 these several enterprises, and has sole charge of all actual operations in brewery 
 and malt-houses. The effect of this infusion of young blood is seen in the many 
 improvements, rapid advance and redoubled activity that has recently characterized 
 every department. 
 
 Mr. William Simon, the intelligent and skillful superintendent of the brewery, has 
 been in the same employ for the past six or seven years, and is one of the most capable 
 and progressive men in the business. 
 
 " Good wine needs no bush." Lang's Bohemian larger beer speaks for itself, and 
 every competent judge of the amber beverage pronounces the same verdict in regard 
 to it — nothing better can be made from malt and hops. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 89 
 
 NIAGARA ELEVATING COMPANY. 
 
 George F. Sowerby, Manager and Cashier ; George S. Wride, General Fore- 
 man—Ohio St., Foot of Chicago; Office, Room 44 Board of Trade. 
 
 Oliver Evans invented the grain elevator in 1780, but it was not until 1842 that it 
 was diverted from its original employment in the mill to the transferring of grain in 
 bulk from vessel to warehouse and from warehouse to canal-boat and railroad car ; and 
 to Buffalo belongs the credit both of that long forward stride and the erection of the 
 first combined steam elevator and grain warehouse. Mr. Joseph Dart, who originated 
 this innovation, referred to it in 1865 as follows : " My experiment, from the very 
 first working, was a decided and acknowleged success. Within a month after I started, 
 a leading forwarder, who had confidently predicted that shippers could not afford to 
 pay the charges of elevating by steam, came to me and offered double rates for accom- 
 modation, but my bins were all full. The great saving of time by the use of the 
 elevator was immediately seen. To give an instance that occurs to my mind, the 
 schooner John B. Skinner came into port, with four thousand bushels of wheat, early 
 in the afternoon, and was discharged, received ballast of salt, and left the same even- 
 ing ; made her trip to Milan, Ohio, brought down a second cargo and discharged it ; 
 and on her return to Milan, went out in company with vessels which came in with her 
 on the first trip down, and which had but just succeeded in getting rid of their freight 
 in the old way." Of course the handling of grain at this port immediately received a 
 fresh impetus, and the erection of mammoth elevators became the order of the day. 
 It is, in fact, to the grain elevator, combined with her geographical, lake and railroad 
 transportation advantages, that Buffalo owes her remarkable development and extra- 
 ordinary prosperity during the past forty-five years. 
 
 The most capacious and complete elevator ever built here by private capital was 
 that of the Niagara Elevating Co., erected at Ohio and Chicago streets in 1868, with a 
 storage capacity of 650,000 bushels, and facilities in the way of machinery, etc., for 
 the transfer of 96,000 bushels per day. Three years later Mr. Thomas Clark purchased 
 the plant, and continued to operate it with unvarying success until in 1881-82 he built 
 Elevator B (the old one being since known as Elevator A), of 1,400,000 bushels capacity, 
 both together having facilities for the storage of 3,000,000 bushels.' Mr. Clark con- 
 tinued at the head of this immense business on his own account until his death in 
 September, 1883, when it again passed into the hands of the Niagara Elevating Co., of 
 which Mr. George F. Sowerby became manager and cashier, and Mr. George S. Wride 
 general foreman of elevators. 
 
 About fifty men are employed, and seven hundred dollars per week is paid in wages. 
 We have already referred to the capacity of these monster elevators, which are located 
 at the foot of Chicago street, occupying the .ground between Ohio street and the City 
 
90 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 canal, with the advantage of side tracks and every convenience for the forwarding of 
 grain. 
 
 Manager Sowerby came to Buffalo from Wyoming county, N. Y., in 1883, entering 
 the service of the Niagara Elevating Co. as general manager and cashier, still retaining 
 his present responsible position by dint of unflagging industry and business ability. 
 He has charge of the oflBce, room 44, Board of Trade. Foreman Wride, who personally 
 directs operations at the elevators, is a native of Sod us, Wayne county, N. Y., came to 
 Buffalo in 1883, and has acceptably fulfilled the duties of his prei*eut position ever 
 since, having full control of the elevators and employees. 
 
 F. A. KENNEDY CO., 
 
 Manufacturers o f Fi ne Biscuit — Factories .Cambridgeport, Mass., and Chi- 
 ' cago,'llI~olfice and "Wareliouse, No. 15~East Swan^StTTBuffalo^Manager) 
 F. P. Hazen. 
 
 Mr. Kennedy established his wonderfully successful venture in 1839, at Cambridge- 
 port, Mass. More recently, a splendid branch factory was erected at Chicago, and, the de- 
 mand justifying the movement here, in the spring of 1886, warerooms and a wholesale 
 agency were opened at No. 15 East Swan street, Buffalo, under the management of Mr. 
 F. P. Hazen, who had a previous experience of ten years in the company's service at 
 other points. The F. A. Kennedy Co. , as at present organized, is officered as follows : 
 F. A. Kennedy, president ; J. W. Hazen, secretary and treasurer at Cambridgeport ; 
 H. J. Evans, secretary and treasurer at Chicago. 
 
 The Buffalo agency is handsomely fitted up, occupying the storeroom and basement 
 above named, 30 feet front by 100 feet deep, and carries full stocks of the Kennedy 
 Company's unequaled goods, embracing the justly celebrated " Champion," " Cream," 
 " Butter," " Zephyrs," " Fancy Graham," " Cold Water," " Oswego," "Columbia," " Va- 
 nilla Cream," " Illinois Butter," "Rockaway " and " Cream "wafers, many of which are 
 packed in one and two-pound packages, handsomely labeled for family trade, and car- 
 ried by all leading grocers. It is scarcely necessary to write a word of praise of these 
 goods, they are so widely and favorably known. 
 
 The Buffalo agency already has a large and growing trade with grocers and others in 
 this State, Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
 
 POWERS, BROWN & CO., 
 
 Miners and Shippers of Reynoldsville Gas and Steam Coal and Coke— Coal 
 
 and Iron Exchange. 
 
 Of the leading corporations that have played a prominent part in making Buffalo a 
 great coal market, that of Powers, Brown & Co. ranks with the foremost. For this 
 reason, and also from the extent of their operations, the company is entitled to more 
 than a passing notice. Their mines, which include the Soldier Run, Sprague, Hamil- 
 ton and Pleasant Valley, are located at Reynoldsville, Pa., the center of avast bitumin- 
 ous region. The mines have a daily capacity of 3000 tons, and are supplemented by 
 sixty-two coke ovens. Their average annual output is from 300,000 to 400,000 tons of 
 coal and coke. This is distributed throughout this State, the New England States and 
 Canada. About 500 tons goes to New York city daily. Tbe working force required to 
 operate the mines and coke ovens is about 600 men, and the monthly pay-roll ranges 
 from $17,000 to $30,000. 
 
 This company was started in 1865, and first transacted business in Buffalo at No. 7 
 Main street, where it continued until 1885. The company was incorporated in 1879, 
 with the present officers, as follows: J.Craig Smith, president ; Geo. H. Lewis, vice- 
 president ; Andrew Cant, secretary and treasurer. The capital of the company is 
 $450,000, from which it can be readily inferred that unlimited facilities for carrying on 
 the business are possessed. The company's general oifices in the Coal and Iron Exchange 
 are handsome and commodious, and the business at this end is under the immediate 
 direction of Mr. Cant. It goes without saying that he is the right man in the right 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 91 
 
 CORNELL LEAD CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of White Lead, Lead Pipe, Sheet and Bar Lead— A. P. Thomp- 
 son, President ; S. Douglas Cornell, Vice-President; Henry Spayth, Treas- 
 urer; Sheldon Thompson, Secretary — Office and Works, corner Delaware 
 Ave. and Virginia St. 
 
 The general public have a very imperfect Idea of the im- 
 portant part lead performs in the mechanic artB and domestic 
 economy. Though classed as one of the base metals, dull and 
 unattractive in appearance, destitute of glitter and musical 
 ring, and of comparatively small money value, it is neverthe- 
 yi. ''■rgw 1 M» IX**. — 'J less a fact that the strictly useful trades, commerce and some 
 |r\4>k^^lJxiJi--ri / of the finer arts could much better dispense with gold and sil- 
 VJk^IIT lI'^L'/ ^^^ than with our humble, unpretentious, yet ever useful and 
 ^"^>v^ ^^^^!y faithful friend in the blue gray coat, who, in one form or an- 
 ^^^^UVVliO^?^ other, protects our homes from the elements, carries water to 
 every room, stops the leaks in all the gaapipes, secures the 
 glass in the sky-lights, forms a component part of the glass itself, smiles at us from 
 the pictures on the walls, and meets and serves us at every step of our daily lives. 
 
 Everybody knows that lead is dug from the bowels of the earth, that it is purified by 
 (fire, and that it is cast into bars called pigs, in which form it is simple commercial 
 galena; but comparatively few are conversant with tlie processes by which it is pre- 
 pared for final use by the painter, the plumber, the glass-worker, the builder, the 
 sportsman and the soldier. As at present we have only to deal with the subject as 
 related to the useful trades, we shall omit further reference to the manufacture of 
 sporting and ordnance stores, and confine our attention to a description of what we saw 
 on a recent visit to the Cornell Lead Company's works, corner of Delaware avenue and 
 Virginia streets, this city, where about two acres of valuable land is devoted to the 
 production of white lead, lead pipe, sheet and bar lead. The buildings comprise one of 
 ■four storias, 40 by 60 feet ; one of four stories, 35 by 80 feet ; one of four stories, 20 by 60 
 feet ; a one-story corroding-house, 60 by 200 feet,' and a large and commodious labora- 
 tory and office. The plant is one of the most complete in existence, embracing a costly 
 equipment of the latest improved machinery and an ^0-liorse power steam engine and 
 boiler. From thirty to forty men are employed, and the capacity in all departments 
 aggregates 3,000 tons per annum ; five tons of the best white lead and an equal weight 
 of lead pipe and bar lead every working day the year round. S. G. Cornell's hydraulic 
 process for the production of lead pipe, the most effective ever discovered, is in use 
 here, turning out vast quantities of pipe which for uniformity, density, strength and 
 freedom from flaws, is unrivaled. It is the manufacture of white lead, however, which, 
 involving extraordinary skill, care, time and patience, possesses greatest interest for the 
 visitor. With the unsurpassed facilities at hand, each process is as carefully studied 
 as though the company .were making but 100 pounds per day. Every step is directed 
 toward securing the utmost purity of product, and every possible precaution is taken 
 to preserve it from anything calculated to dele:eriously aifect it, the company having a 
 standing oflTer of twenty dollars per ounce for all adulterations and impurities found in 
 their goods. This explains why only the best results are obtained, and why the " Cor- 
 nell" brand commands such decided preference among practical painters and dealers in 
 white lead. 
 
 The material employed is the ordinary pig lead of commerce, which is received in 
 heavy consignments of eighty and one hundred-pound bars, direct from the mining dis- 
 tricts of the West and Southwest. It is removed from the cars to the casting-house, 
 where, with the aid of an ingenious casting machine, it is formed into circular " buck- 
 les," five inches in diameter and one-fourih of an inch in thickness. After cooling, 
 these "buckles" are conveyed to the corroding-house, where they are placed separately 
 in small earthen jars or pots, witli cup-shaped bottoms, each containing about a half pint 
 of acetic acid. When filled, the jars are ranged in tiers, one above another, the bottom 
 tier resting upon a heavy dressing of tan-bark, spread upon the ground, and each tier 
 being covered with a plauk floor dressed in like manner with tan-bark, upon which rests 
 the next tier, course after course succeeding, until the roof is reached, when the whole 
 mass is allowed to remain undisturbed for about ninety days, during which time the acetic 
 acid acts upon the lead, evolving carbonic acid gas, thus reducing the metal to carbonate 
 of lead. 'J'he carbonate is then carefully removed and dumped into a screen specially 
 designed to separate the converted from the unc(mverted lead, the latter passing into a 
 
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92 " THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO, 
 
 conveyer wliich carries it back to tlie yard, while tlie crude carbonate goes into a hop- 
 per, and thence between powerful rolls to be crushed and pulverized. From the rolls it 
 is elevated to another screen, where any uncrushed particles that remain are separated 
 and again returned to the rolls for further pulverization. The finely reduced carbonate 
 is then passed through another screen corresponding to the bolting screen of a flour 
 mill, provided with an automatic attachment supplying the proper quantity of water, 
 and is made ready for the water mills, of which there are several, each provided with 
 a run of the finest French burrs. After leaving the mills the carbonate is, of cours^e, 
 about as smooth and tine as repeated and minute trituration can make it; still, lest 
 some coarse particles may possibly remain, it is subjected to the further and final test 
 of the "floating" apparatus, where mechanical agitation separates the last vestige of 
 grit, which returns to be reground, and the mass goes into the settling vats, and the 
 water drawn ofE until the snowy lead is reduced to tlie consistency of paste. Thence it 
 is removed to the drying kilns, and afterward ground in oil or packed for shipment in 
 the dry state. 
 
 The Cornell Lead Company, at this time the only house of the kind in Buffalo, and 
 one of the most extensive in the United States, was founded in 1852, by Messrs. S. G. 
 Cornell and G. T. Williams, under the style of the Niagara White Lead Co. In 1859 
 they bought out the old firm of Thompson & Co. In 18C1 S. G. Cornell & Son became- 
 sole proprietors, and in 1867 tbe Cornell Lead Co. was organized ; S. G. Cornell, presi- 
 dent ; A. P. Thompson, vice-president ; S. Douglas Cornell, secretary. The present 
 ofiicers are named at the head of this article. They are all able, experienced, industri- 
 ous and enterprising gentlemen. 
 
 MERCHANTS BANK OF BUFFALO. 
 
 W. H. AValker, President ; James R. Smith, Vice-President ; P. W. Fiske, 
 Cashier; "William H. D. Barr, Assistant Cashier — Chartered 1881 — Capi- 
 tal Stock, $300,000— No. 208 Main St. 
 
 As will be seen by reference to the statistical portion of this work, the banks of 
 Buflalo command a vast aggregate of capital and do a very large business in loans, dis- 
 counts, collections and deposits. One of the soundest and most reliable of these insti- 
 tutions is the Merchants Bank of Buffalo, Nos. 206 and 208 Main street, which, though- 
 only chartered in 1881, is already in the front rank as regards character, solidity, use- 
 fulness and public'confidence — a result referable to the excellent management that from 
 the beginning has marked its course and the superb directory and list of officers who 
 have controlled its affairs. So well, indeed, have the ofiicers performed their functions, 
 that but one change has occurred since the original organization, Mr. W. H. Walker, the 
 prominent shoe and rubber merchant, succeeding Mr. A. P. Wright in the presidency. 
 With the advantages referred to, and a cash capital of $300,000, it is not, after all, sur- 
 prising that the ftlerchants has proved a successful and profitable venture, as is shown 
 by the following exhibit, condensed from the official statement of December 11, 1886:. 
 Resources — Loans and discounts, $1,311,448.22; overdrafts, $130.77; bond and mortgage 
 $4,354.20; United States bonds, $1,000.00; real estate, $24,465.97; due from banks' 
 $177,810 56; currency, $66,955.00; specie, $41,319.18; cash items, $19,371.79; total' 
 $1,646,755.69: Liabilities— Capital, $300,000.00; profits, $65,152.48; due banks and 
 bankers, $53,495.61: due depositors, $1,328,107.60 ; total, $1,646,755.69. The average- 
 surplus of the bank has been, for five years past, $60,000; earnings, $140,000; divi- 
 dends, $81,000; average deposits, $1,300,000. The list of depositors is quite large, 
 among the best classes of the community, and is constantly increasing in numbers, 
 while the deposits grow day by day perceptibly. 
 
 The officers' names will be found in the caption of this notice. The board of direct- 
 ors is composed as follows : W. H. Walker, president and wholesale shoe dealer ; 
 James R. Smith, vice-president and wholesale lumber merchant ; Alfred P. Wright, ex- 
 president and commission dealer in grain and stocks ; John B. Manning, maltster ; 
 William H. Gratwick, lumber dealer ; Robert B. Adam, of Adam, Meldrum & Anderson;: 
 J. F. Schoellkopf, miller and tanner; George Urban, jr., miller; George W. Miller, 
 largely interested in the Buffalo Car Manufacturing Company, Scoville's Car- Wheel 
 Company, and the Buffalo Cast-Iron Pipe Company ; Daniel O'Day, president of National 
 Transit Company; and Daniel N. Lockwood, a leading attorney. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 93 
 
 THE CRANDALL HOUSE. 
 
 Asa B. Oraiidall, Proprietor, East Buffalo Stock Yards. 
 
 Mention of the Stock Yards and the live 
 stocic interest would be incomplete without 
 a reference to the hotel accommodations for 
 the men engaged in the business. For many 
 years Mr. Asa B. Crandall has been, to drov- 
 ers and stock dealers, one of the best-known 
 citizens of East Buffalo, in his capacity of 
 hotel proprietor. He first took charge of the 
 Stock Exchange Hotel in 1877, and soon 
 established a popularity which is peculiarly 
 the birthright of the born hotel man. In 
 October, IbSl, he became proprietor of the 
 hotel which now bears his name. It is a very 
 commodious and well-appointed house, and 
 is run in strictly first-class slyle. It has 
 accommodations for 170 guests, which have 
 frequently been taxed to the utmost. The 
 interior was re-furnished and decorated last 
 spring at an outlay of $8,000, and additional 
 accommodations are contemplated. Mr. 
 Crandall is a New Yorker by birth, and has 
 been in the hotel business all his life. The 
 Crandall House is looked upon as a regular 
 headquarters for stock men while in Buffalo. 
 The rates are |1,50 per day, and It is no ex- 
 aggeration to say that it is not surpassed by 
 any at the same price in the country. The dining-room is where the patrons get in 
 their work, as many as 350 dinners having been served on the same day. Mr. Crandall 
 is ably seconded by his amiable wife, who equally understands and supervises the direc- 
 tion of affairs. 
 
 THE SCOTT SIGN CO. 
 
 T. B. Schwarz, Albert Hutter, Proprietors— No. 348 Main St. 
 
 This is an age of progress, and the art of sign-painting progresses with the times. 
 Not that all sign-painters are artists; far from it; but the sign-painter who is an 
 artist is necessarily a progressive one, an original genius as well as a skillful handler 
 of the palette, brush and maulstick, and is never content to criticize his own or any 
 other man's work with the mediocre ultimatum, " That'll do." 'VVith him the instinct 
 of excellence is strong, and not until he has done his very best in the way of design, 
 proportion, color and effect, is he satisfied to lay down his implements, wash his hands, 
 deliver his work and collect his money. 
 
 Such men as this compose the famous Scott Sign Company, successors to the cele- 
 brated Frank B. Scott, whose reputation extended throughout the North and West, he 
 liaving carried on the business here for nearly fifty years, and attained a most enviable 
 •eminence therein. The members of the present company, Messrs. T. B. Schwarz and 
 Albert Hutter, are young, enterprising, public-spirited, capable and extraordinarily 
 skillful in their vocation, both trained from boyhood to the highest class of sign-paint- 
 ing, theoretical and practical, and associated for the express purpose of revolutionizing 
 the art so far as Buffalo is concerned. That they have made great strides in this direc- 
 tion is attested by the hundreds of samples of their skill which already adorn the city's 
 business houses, among them, and especially worthy of mention, being the signs of 
 Down the ;jeweler, the Globe clothing-house, Bliss Bros., photographers, Sippel & Son, 
 tailors, the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Co., E. N. Yerxa's grocery house, and 
 others — signs that are true works of art, beautiful in proportion and design, appro- 
 priate and attractive. 
 
 The Scott Sign Co. occupy the entire fourth floor of No. 348 Main street, 25 by 65 
 feet, employ a large force of competent workmen, superintend all work themselves, are 
 prompt, earnest and reliable and very popular. 
 
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94 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 
 
 COSACK & COMPANY. 
 
 Herman Cosack, H. T. Koerner, Charles E. Hayes — Litliograpliers ami 
 Publishers — Nos. 90 to lOO Lakeview Ave., Biiflt'alo — Branches in New 
 York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Hartl'ortl, 
 Pittsburg- and Toronto. 
 
 Tlie art of lithography becomes daily of greater excellence and utility to the world. 
 Its field of usefulness is pi-actically unlimited, and it has become an important factor in 
 the cluster of manufactures that have developed in the United States during the past 
 fifty years. The aggregate capital invested in the United States is nearly twenty mill- 
 ion of dollars, and the number of hands directly employed over twenty-five thousand. 
 The rare skill of its designers, artists and craftsmen have easily placed lithography in 
 the very front rank of artistic usefulness, and at tlie same time brought the cost within 
 the reach of the merchant and the manufacturer. Each year witnesses new devel- 
 opments and discoveries in the art, and the establishment of colossal new houses 
 devoted to its pursuit. Buffalo has long been noted for the number and high rank of 
 its lithographers. Cosack & Company have contributed principally to extend her fame 
 abroad through the land, and have marked the progressive steps of the art in achieve- 
 ments which have placed them among the first three establishments in the United 
 States. Proof of the commanding position long held by them was supplied by the 
 special authorization given them by the Centennial commissioners in entrusting them 
 with the lithographic reproduction of the most important exhibits of the Centennial 
 Exposition — a tribute to the glory of lithography and a lasting monument to the ability 
 and skill of this firm. Originally founded in a modest way by Mr. Cosack, April 4, 
 1864, the house has earned its title to distinction by the energy, enterprise, skill and 
 liberality that has ever characterized its operations. Mr. Cosack's first establishment 
 was located on Main street; in 1867 removed to 251 to 257 Washington street. In what 
 was then well known as the " Commercial Advertiser" building ; in 1880 to 204 to 210 
 Exchange street, from where, by the operations of the West Shore road, they were 
 obliged to remove to temporary quarters, corner Swan and EUicott streets. In 1885 
 they finally removed to the present splendid building, erected by them specially for the 
 business, on Lakeview avenue. Several changes had occurred previously in the firm 
 by the admission, withdrawal and death of partners, and the present firm of H. Cosack, 
 H. T. Koerner and Charles E. Hayes was organized in August, 1881. Messrs. Cosack 
 and Koerner are practical lithographers of commanding talent and skill, and person- 
 ally superintend the operations within the establishment, while Mr. Hayes has charge of 
 the business department and supervises the various branches of the company in New York, 
 Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Hartford, Pittsburg and Toronto. 
 The firm's building, erected in the center of an immense open square, 103 by 316 feet, 
 has a frontage of 70 feet on Lakeview avenue and a depth of 300 feet, two stories high 
 in front and three in the rear. The general offices and private oflSces of Messrs. Cosack 
 and Hayes occupy the ground floor front, while Mr. Koerner's office, which commands a 
 full view of the lithographing and press-rooms and the artists' rooms, occupy the second 
 story front, commanding a fine prospect of Lake Erie. Niagara river and the pictur- 
 esque and historical Canada shore. We copy the following well-written description 
 from the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser : 
 
 "The press-room on the ground floor, opening immediately from the main offices, is 
 the largest press-room in the United States, measuring 70 by 200 feet and 40 feet high, 
 without a single post, partition, belt, shaft or pulley to obstruct the view or to impede 
 the movements of the employees. The roof is supported by fourteen trusses of immense 
 strength resting on brick and stone abutments. To the right of the room are the large 
 stop-cylinder Hoe presses, on solid foundations placed in one line, occupying a length 
 of 147 feet. At the end of these are the paper-cutters, bronzing machines, stone 
 planers, ink mills, etc. Immediately in the rear of the presses are 14.000 feet of drawer 
 racks for printed paper, with a capacity of over 200,000 sheets — a day's run. In a line 
 with the racks is placed all the stones, selected and arranged according to size, three by 
 six inches to 34 by 48 inches, numbering in all over 4,000. On the left-hand side of the 
 press-room are the hand presses of the provers and transferrers. In a straight line back 
 of these are the stone grinders and the shipping department. As we leave the press- 
 loom two large doors give entrance to the drying room, 70 by 70 and 40 feet high, filled 
 with high drying-racks. From here a magnificent view of the lake, the Niagara river 
 and the new proposed park are obtained. All of the rooms, offices, press-room and 
 drying rooms are located on one floor, making up the total length of the building. One 
 flight of stairs down from the drying-room brings us to the bindery and paper stock 
 rooms, also 70 by 70 feet. _A little .door. to the left, through the intersecting wall. 
 
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90 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 dividing the press-room from the drying-room, explains the absence of all belts, shaft- 
 ing, counter-shafting, pulleys, etc., with their complement of oil, grease, dust and dan- 
 ger from the press-room. Here, running from the level of the bindery fioor to the 
 offices, underneath the entire press-room, is a tunnel, 300 feet long, 18 by 11 feet, in 
 which all of the shafting, etc., and all of the driving machinery of the establishment is 
 placed, thus eflTectually doing away with the greatest obstacle printing rooms of all 
 classes are subjected to. This is at once the most novel and useful feature of this model 
 establishment. Immediately below the bindery floor, on a level with Fourth street, is 
 the engine and boiler room, coal pit and general storage-room of the company. Two 
 boilers of 75 and 50 horse-power respectively, with Andrew Ritter's smoke consumer 
 attached, furnish the power for a large 7o-horse-power TifEt engine, which runs the 
 works, and a 30-horse-power Rice's automatic engine for the Weston incandescent elec- 
 tric light dynamo, by which the entire plant is lighted." 
 
 From 175 to 220 persons are employed in this great lithographic establishment, 
 including artists, pressmen, transferrers, feeders and assistants in all departments. 
 Wages to the amount of $1,800 per week are disbursed, and the firm's output averages 
 $300,000 a year. The leading specialty is fine color work, for which the house is justly 
 famous. Cosack & Company are a credit to Buflalo, and perform their full share in 
 spreading abroad the fame of the " Queen City of the Lakes." 
 
 W. H . WAL KER, 
 
 Wholesale Boots, Shoes and Rubbers— Nos. 210 and 213 Main St. 
 
 The wholesale trade of Buffalo in boots, shoes, rubbers and kindred goods is very 
 large, and grows with a healthy and permanent growth that must be very gratifying to the 
 business community at large, as well as to those directly engaged in it. In the intro- 
 ductory chapters of this work will be found the statistics of this, with those of other 
 branches of commerce, and it must be acknowledged, by even the most indifferent, that 
 they present a pleasing exhibit. 
 
 Of the leaders in this branch of enterprise few, if any, have of late years exercised a 
 more powerful or beneficent influence than the gentleman whose name heads this 
 notice. For more than thirty years previous to 1876 he was of the celebrated firm of 
 O. P. Ramsdell & Co., where he acquired a thorough knowledge, theoretical and prac- 
 tical, of the boot, shoe and rubber business. Withdrawing in the year named, he estab- 
 lished his present colo.ssal house, Nos. 210 and 212 Main street, where he has achieved, 
 in ten years, a success and reputation that most men would be proud to have earned 
 in a life-time. 
 
 Mr. Walker's regular customers are found all over Western New York, Northern 
 Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, other Western States, and the Dominion of 
 Canada. In his specialties of rnen's, women's, boys', misses' and children's boots, shoes 
 and rubbers, no house. East or West, can offer better inducements as regards styles, 
 workmanship, materials or prices, nor in the careful filling of orders, promptitude and 
 liberality. His goods are from the most reliable manufacturers, and a bill of lading 
 from W. H. Walker is tantamount to a guarantee. As to the volume of his sales little 
 need be said — in fact, no better evidence of the confidence in which he is held, or the 
 condition of his business, could be adduced than the simple statement that for several 
 years past his annual transactions have averaged $700,000. 
 
 His store and warehouse are among the most commodious and convenient on the con- 
 tinent, — the former 37 by 80 feet, five stories and basement ; the latter located in the 
 rear, 60 by 60 feet and six stories, and devoted almost exclusively to rubber goods. An 
 immense and extremely valuable stock is carried at all seasons, and buyers will always 
 find here a varied and carefully selected assortment from which to choose. Several 
 elevators, operated by silent Otto gas engines, facilitate communication between the 
 numerous floors of both buildings, and, with excellent light and ventilation, add much 
 to the comfort and pleasure of a tour through the premises. 
 
 Mr. Walker employs, in all, twenty men, seven of whom travel for the house, while 
 the remainder are utilized as bookkeepers, clerks, salesmen and porters. 
 
 Mr. Walker also stands very high as a citizen and in mercantile and financial circles. 
 He is president of the Merchants' Bank of Bufl:alo, and enjoys the unbounded confidence 
 and respect of all classes. 
 
 On the first day of January, 1887, Mr. Walker admitted as partners Edward G. 
 Walker and William A. Joyce, and the style of the firm is now, Wm. H. Walker & Co. 
 These gentlemen have been with Mr. Walker for many years, and this advancement is 
 a just recognition of their fa^)^^^^ m^MMsoft® 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 97 
 
 BUFFALO CEMENT COMPANY (Limited), 
 
 Manufacturers of Hydraulic Cement. — Lewis J. Bennett, President ; 
 Andrew Spalding, Vice-President ; William AV. Pierce, Secretary and 
 Treasurer— Office, No. IIO Franklin St.; Works, Buffalo Plains. 
 
 Among other important lines of manufacture for whicli Buffalo lias secured a 
 leading position for unsurpassed excellence may be mentioned that of cement. A rep- 
 resentative of this work was fortunate in paying a visit to the vrorks of the Buffalo 
 Cement Company (Limited), vrhieli are located in the suburban portion of the city out 
 Main street known as Buffalo Plains. With the able assistance of the president of the 
 company, Mr. Lewis J. Bennett, a complete tour of inspection was made of the works 
 and surrounding premises. The result completely demonstrated the fact that this com- 
 pany is manufacturing an article of cement which is equal in every respect to the 
 imported article known as the world's standard — ^ Portland cement. This company 
 owns 230 acres of land, containing valuable deposits of stone particularly adapted, with 
 the special methods of treatment employed by this company, for the production of the 
 best quality of cement. Mr. Bennett is an accomplished geologist, as well as a mechan- 
 ical expert, and has given the subject years of the closest, investigation and study. The 
 result will be briefly sketched. 
 
 Tlie Buffalo Cement Company (Limited) was incorporated March 7, 1877, with a 
 capital of $100,000. New works were erected on a large scale. There are twelve 
 kilns, with a capacity of 1,300 barrels per day. The mill is 50 by 60 feet, and, included 
 with a warehouse, 130 by 50 feet. Adjoining, on the west side, is another warehouse, 
 162 by 49 feet, and adjoining on the east is another warehouse, 182 by 36 feet. A new 
 warehouse, 300 by 51 feet, will occupy a position parallel with the track of the Erie 
 railroad, which reaches the works. The disintegrating mills are worthy of mention. 
 This mill is Mr. Bennett's patent, and is different from any other in the world. It 
 readily reduces the hardest quality of stone after coming from the kilns, and which 
 formerly could not be utilized. This, when ground, makes the best quality of cement, 
 equal in every respect to the Portland article. Tests were taken of cement, which 
 showed the following results: A briquette, one inch square, twenfy-one days old, 
 ehowed a tensile strength of 300 pounds ; another, thirty-nine days old, broke at 316 
 pounds, while the average at one year, without being mixed, was about 600 pounds, 
 pure cement. The crushing strength is ten times the above. In 1878 Mr. Bennett 
 made over 1,000 tests of all the different cements, a record of which is on file. It was 
 found that the cement of this company would carry sands with the Portland. The 
 Sewer Commision of this city tested over 36,000 barrels used in sewer construction, 
 with the most satisfactory results. 
 
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98 
 
 THE mDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Tlie product of the works for the year 1886 aggregated 325,000 barrels. From 125 
 to 150 men are employed, and the pay-roll averages $6,000 a month. The total storage 
 capacity will he 50,000 barrels. '.Mr. Bennett is a native of Fultonville, Mont- 
 gomery county, this State, and has been a resident of Buffalo for twenty years. In the 
 course of his investigations Mr. Bennett has secured numerous fine fossils and geological 
 specimens. Many of these have been secured by the Smithsonian Institute. He alpo 
 has complete specimens of the geological formations to a depih of 500 feet, secured with 
 a diamond drill at the works. 
 
 THIRD NATIONAL BANK OF BUFFALO, 
 
 Charles A. Sweet, President ; Johu D. Hill, Vice-President ; Nathaniel Roches- 
 ter, Cashier ; William H. Stebbius, Assistant Cashier— Capital Stock, $250,- 
 OOO; Surplus Fund, $65,000 ; Average Deposits, $1,500,000— S. E. Corner 
 Main and Swan Sts. 
 
 The Third National Bank of Buffalo, 
 a recognized leading financial institu- 
 tion, was organized and chartered 
 February 14, 1865, and has therefore 
 been in existence nearly twenty-twa 
 years, during which time it has per- 
 formed its full duty toward its cus- 
 tomers and the public and contributed 
 in a marked degree to the progress of 
 the city and the development of its- 
 material interests 
 
 That wisdom as well as liberality 
 characterize the operations of this bank 
 under its present administration is 
 abundantly shown by the last quar- 
 terly statt-ment, as follows : Assets — 
 Loans, $1,318,656.18; United States 
 bonds, $325,000 ; real estate and B. M., 
 $62,186.46; premium paid, $27,500 ; 
 due from banks, $290,292; cash, $160,- 
 957.93; total, $1,984,793.57. Liabilities 
 —Capital, $350,000; profits, $13,554.- 
 65; surplus, $65,000; dividends unpaid, 
 $30; circuiation, $45,000; deposits, 
 $1,613,307.93 ; total, $1,984,793.57. 
 
 The board of directors is composed 
 of a selected list of prominent busi- 
 ness and professional men, representa- 
 tive of their respective classes, as 
 follows : Pascal P. Pratt, of Pratt £l 
 Letcliworth, manufacturers of malle- 
 able iron, etc. ; Emanual Levi, capital- 
 ist ; Hon. L. L. Lewis, judge of 
 Supreme Court ; John Satterfield, Charles G. Curtis and John N. Scatcherd, merchants ; 
 Robert Keating, of Root & Keating, wholesale leather ; John D. Hill, physician, and 
 Charles A. Sweet, president of the bank. The officers are experienced and capable 
 gentlemen, urbane and obliging, and popular with the business community. The 
 Third National Bank building is a handaome and substantial four-story and basement 
 structure, centrally situated and eligibly adapted to the banking business, fronting 40 
 feet on Main street and 176 feet on Swan, well provided. with fire and burglar-proof 
 vaults, and the banking-room remodeled, refitted and doubled in floor space during the 
 past summer. The Third National is an eminently safe, flourishing and reliable insti- 
 tution which embarks in no questionable ventures, its management having long ago 
 learned the value of the word " no " when properly used. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 99 
 
 BUFFALO CITY FLOUR MILLS. 
 
 Harvey & Henry, Proprietors— Maiinfactiirers of Highest Grades Roller Pro- 
 cess Flours tor Bakers and Family Use— Dealers in Grain, Mill Feed, etc. 
 — Nos. 91 to 107 Chicago St.— Up-town Office, No. 237 Washington St. 
 
 Nothing more nearly affects 
 tlie lieallh and happiness of 
 mankind tlian the bread they 
 eat, and, as good bread is im- 
 possible without good flour, it 
 is safe to say that the miller 
 is more closely identified with 
 the source of human enjoy- 
 ment than any other of all 
 the thousands who contributo 
 thereto. Buffalo has long en- 
 joyed peculiar and important 
 advantages as a milling cen- 
 ter — first as the metropolis of 
 the former great Western New 
 York wheat region, and later 
 as the grand entrepot and point 
 of transhipment of Western 
 grain to the Atlantic seaboard 
 —and it is safe to say that, though she cannot now ^oast of such immense mills as- 
 are found in Minnesota and some other newer States, nevertheless Buffalo ingenuity, 
 enterprise and capital have done as much or more to bring the art of flour-making to 
 its present stage of perfection than has ever been contributed by any other milling city 
 on this continent. 
 
 There are still, however, several very large and valuable flouring mills here, turning 
 out vast quantities of superior flour, and one of the most prominent of these is the 
 Buffalo City Flour Mills, corner of Chicago and Miami streets, a substantial four-story 
 brick building, 115 by 125 feet square, comprising two entirely separate and distinct 
 mills under one roof — one devoted to the reduction of winter wheat, the other to hard 
 spring wheat. The best obtainable grades of grain only are used, and as a result the 
 flour produced is absolutely unexcelled in all desirable qnalities and immeasuralily 
 popular with all competent judges who have given them a fair trial. Of course these 
 flours are made by the latest improved patent roller process — a system which of late 
 years has completely revolutionized the whole art of milling. 
 
 These mills were erected by Mr. H. J. Harvey in 1867, Mr. F. J. Henry securing a 
 partnership in 1874. The equipment embraces a powerful steam engine, seven run of 
 gradual reduction atones, a full complement of improved roller process machinery, and 
 all the appliances necessary to a complete flouring plant, the capacity being about six 
 hundred barrels per day. The firm also have ample storage facilities, and usually carry 
 from 100,000 to 135.000 bu.shels of wheat. The firm also have the requisite machinery 
 for the manufacture of the best grades of middlings, mixed feed, wheat screenings, 
 etc., deal extensively in corn-meal, oat-meal, oil-meal and grain, and make quite a 
 feature of their trade in dry feed, selling largely to city and country trade. 
 
 Mr. H. J. Harvey is a native of this State and a member of several prominent Buf- 
 falo business bouses — Harvey Bros., Smith, Falke & Co., the Niagara Baking Co., Har- 
 vey & Dake, etc. Mr. F. J. Henry is of French birth, but has resided here since 1858.. 
 In all, the concern does an annual business of $3,200,000, and is truly one of Buffalo's 
 great industries. 
 
 JOHN R. POTTER, 
 
 Photographer— No. 323 Main St., Opposite the Churches. 
 
 None of the arts come nearer to our homes and affections than does photography. 
 By its means the poorest as well as the wealthiest are enabled to preserve the pictured 
 semblance of their loved ones, and adorn their walls with faithful reproductions of the 
 masters' best efforts. 
 
 Photographers, however, are of several classes, ranging from the true artist of 
 
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100 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 talent, attainments and experience, whose heart is in his work, down to the veriest 
 botch, and those who would obtain satisfying results must perforce exercise judgment 
 ^nd discrimination in selection ere sitting for portraits. 
 
 One of the most accomplished and skillful members of the profession of whom we 
 have any knowledge is Mr. John R. Potter, whose fine studio and gallery of art occupy 
 the third and fourth floors of the handsome building No. 323 Main street. These 
 rooms are 25 by 80 feet in dimensions, beautifully lighted, and fitted up in the com- 
 pletest and most attractive manner — the operating apartment and studio with all the 
 latest improved and most effective apparatus and appliances, the gallery elegantly fur- 
 nished and attractive with a display of rare gems of photography which attest the 
 taste and skill exercised in their production and arrangement. 
 
 Mr. Potter has devoted more than twenty-three years of his life to mastering his 
 ■art in all its details, constantly experimenting and conscientiously striving for the 
 highest excellence He is a native of East Aurora, N. Y., where he also maintains a 
 flourishing branch establishment, opened three years ago. His headquarters here was 
 founded in 1874 at No. 305 Main street, whence he removed first to No. 256 Main street, 
 and last year to his present desirable location. He is a popular gentleman, studious 
 and attentive, and in every way a successful and prosperous man. 
 
 F. W. CAULKINS, 
 
 Architect and Superintendent— Room 68, Chapiu Blools;. 
 
 Much of the credit for Buffalo's rauid advancement as a city of late years is due to 
 lier architects, many of whom occupy prominent places in the front rank of the pro- 
 fession. One of the most conspicuous of these is Mr. F. W. Caulkins, whose handsome 
 office, a little hive of bustling yet studious industry of itself, occupies room 68, Chapin 
 block. Mr. C. is a successful man in the best sense, for his success has conferred and 
 •continues to confer substantial and lasting benefits upon the community with which he 
 has cast his lot. A polite and kindly gentleman, an active and enterprising business 
 man, and an architect of the highest class, be has achieved a personal popularity and 
 professional eminence such as any man might well be proud of. 
 
 Mr. Caulkins was born in Hartford, Conn., removing when a youth to Toledo, Ohio, 
 where he studied architecture from 1865 to 1871, when he took charge of Charles Coots' 
 office at Rochester, N. Y. Thence he went to Knoxville, Tenn., where he managed 
 A. C. Bruce's architectural business for a while, returning to Mr. Coots, with whom he 
 remained until 1875, when he became connected with Mr. M. E. Beebe of this city. In 
 1878 he opened an office for himself at Main and Swan streets. Four years later he 
 removed to Minneapolis, Minn., and October 14, 1885, returned to Buffalo and estab- 
 lished his present office. 
 
 Of the work he has done here and elsewhere the following list, while but a partial 
 ■one, exliibits most of the most artistic, imposing and costly : Buffalo — Residences for 
 George Francis, North street and corner Franklin and Allen streets ; Mr. Lynes and F. 
 W. Caulkins, Franklin street; Dr. J. B. Coakley, Dr. A C. Hoxsie and James G. For- 
 syth, and remodeling residence for Mrs. George C. Whiting, Delaware avenue ; 
 residences for Nelson Holland and Porter Hickox, Bryant street ; for Mrs. I. S. Bennett, 
 Frank C. Porter and Mrs. McNevin, on the Circle ; for James H. Smith, Ferry street ■ 
 E. B. Smith, Linwood avenue ; remodeling residence for same, Liuwood avenue and 
 Perry street ; fifteen frame houses on Fourteenth street; Chapin block. Swan and Pearl 
 :streets; Austin's fire-proof building. Franklin and Eagle streets; remodeling Calvary 
 Presbyterian church, Delaware avenue ; Prospect Avenue Baptist church. Prospect 
 avenue and Georgia street ; remodeling Church of the Messiah, Main street ; St. Louis 
 Catholic school-house, Edward street; malt-house of W. W. Sloan, Hydraulic; Marine 
 bank. Main street; extension of Barnes, Hengerer & Co.. Main street; store for Louis 
 Bergtold, Genesee and EUicott streets; store for William F. Garbe, Seneca street. 
 Elsewhere — Citizens' bank, Minneapolis, Minn. ; county jail, Eau Claire, Wis^; store for 
 Budge & Eshleman, Grant Forks, Dak.; residence for T. B. Casey, Minneapolis, Minn. ; 
 State bank, water works and pump house and store for George P. Smith, Tonawanda,' 
 N. Y.; opera-house, Olean, N. Y. ; house for G. T. Rogers, Binghamton, N. Y. ; bank 
 at Cattaraugus, N. Y. ; residence for Grant Warren, Fort Erie. 
 
 Mr. Caulkins adds thorough training to the highest order of talent, is well and ably 
 assisted by a competent office force, and is in all respects capable and reliable. 
 
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TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 101 
 
 BANK OF ATTICA. 
 
 G. Barrett Ricli, President; F. L. Danfortlv, Cashier; J. W. Smith, Assist- 
 aut Cashier — Corner Pearl and Seneca Sts. 
 
 This is a State bank, and the oldest bank in Erie county, established in the village 
 of Attica in 1836, and removing to Buffalo in 1842, transacting business in Spauld- 
 ing's Exchange until 1860, when it removed to the large and handsome iron building 
 now occupied, corner of Pearl and Seneca streets. The capital stock, originally 
 $160,000, was, in June, 1856, increased to $200,000, and in October of the same year to- 
 $250,000, with $80,000 surplus. Tlie original board of directors, all long since dead, 
 was as follows: Gains B. Rich, A. J. Rich (son of G. B. Rich), John S. Ganson, Horace 
 White and Hamilton White. From these Q. B. Rich was selected for president, and A. 
 J. Rich for vice-president. Broken health forced President Rich into retirement in 
 1852, whereupon he was succeeded by his son, A. J. Rich. Mr. G. Barrett Rich, who 
 now presides over the destinies of the Bank of Attica, is a grandson of the founder, 
 three generations of the same family having held that responsible post. 
 
 This noble old bank, during its career of half a century, has seen all of its local con- 
 temporaries disappear from the scene of action, followed by many of more recent date, 
 yet it has never failed to meet its liabilities, dollar for dollar, and is to-day stronger, 
 richer and more influential than ever. Always liberal to its customers, public-spirited 
 and enterprising in its management and policy, sound conservatism and caution have 
 nevertheless characterized every act of the directory and officers, and it would be diffi- 
 cult indeed to name a fiduciary trust that enjoys a larger share of public confidence than 
 is lavished upon the Bank of Attica. The officers are named in our caption. The fol- 
 lowing named gentlemen compose the present board of directors: E. G. Spaulding, F. 
 L. Danforth, P. P. Pratt, G. Barrett Rich, George S. Hazard. 
 
 The Bank of Attica does a legitimate banking business in all that the word implies, 
 including the payment of interest on deposits, loans, discounts, collections, etc., and has 
 regular correspondents at all the leading monetary centers. The subjoined official 
 report exhibits its financial condition at the date of publication, December 11, 1886 — a 
 most satisfactory showing : Resources — Loans and discounts, $816,787.91; overdrafts, 
 $528.88; due from banks, $138,996.76; United States bonds, $1,000.00; specie, 
 $20,590.79; currency, $34,769.00; checks for exchanges, $6,741.25; current expenses, 
 $7,119.01 ; total, $1,026,533.60. Liabilities— Capital stock, $250,000.00; profits, $82,307.28; 
 due depositors, $687,544.26; due banks, $6,682.06; total, $1,026,533.60. 
 
 O. A. TAFT, 
 
 Artist Photographer— No. 272 Main St., near Swan. 
 
 Mr. Taft is a rarely accomplished and successful photographer, who for twenty- 
 eight years has devoted his native talent and energy to the uninterrupted study and 
 pursuit of his profession in all of its higher branches, the result being the achievement 
 of a reputation second to that of no artist legitimately engaged in photography west of 
 New York city. Mr. Taft was born in Vermont, and has had practical experience in 
 his vocation in three States, thus acquiring a knowledge of men and women and their 
 tastes which enables him to give a degree of satisfaction in pose, style and general 
 effect seldom attained by photographers as a class. 
 
 Mr. Taft has resided and labored at his profession in Buffalo since 1881. In 1882 he 
 first occupied his present location, where he has the third and fourth floors and employs 
 a capable force of assistants, his parlors and operating rooms being models of neatness 
 and convenience. He has a large and steadily increasing circle of desirable patrons in 
 the city and surrounding country, and may be fairly classed as a successful business 
 man as well as artist. His specialties embrace all the higher grades of portrait photo- 
 graphy, bromide enlargements, crayon portraits, and the most perfect and beautiful 
 work in all branches. A visit to his gallery and studio will well repay lovers of art and 
 admirers of the beautiful, whether they desire to sit for their own counterfeit present- 
 ments or merely to profitably and pleasantly while away an hour or two of leisure time. 
 
 The view of Main street from the windows is enlivening, and persons out shopping 
 find this a delightful lounge, where they can rest as they examine the works of art. 
 Teachers and others find it a pleasant way of passing an hour or two of their leisure 
 time. 
 
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102 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 M. B. SHANTZ & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers and Importers of Fine Buttons — Nos. 14 to 24 Wells St., 
 Buffalo— J. Y. Shantz & Son, King- St., Berlin, Ont. ; M. B. Shantz & Co., 
 No. 107 Grand St., New York; No. 56 Summer St., Boston. 
 
 S*^' -■"'■""-'^ -WW' 
 Good clotbes — with 
 buttons on them — 
 distinguisli the civ- 
 ilized and enlight- 
 ened being from the 
 barbarian, and the 
 loss of a button may 
 and frequently does 
 set the wheels of 
 progress to spinning 
 backward at a ter- 
 rific rate.threatening 
 to plunge the car in- 
 to primeval darkness or chaos — as witness the conduct and language of pater familias on 
 discovering that the wife of his bosom has gone forth to her orisons leaving his last 
 clean shirt minus the all-important collar-button, while missing suspender and waist- 
 band buttons have cost the recording angel oceans of tears in expunging pardonable 
 profanity. 
 
 \ But we set out to say something about the manufacture of these useful and orna- 
 mental appurtenances to masculine and feminine apparel, and to give our readers some 
 account of the firm of M. B. Shantz & Co., the leading button manufacturers of this 
 continent. 
 
 In 1870 Messrs. J. Y. Shantz and E. Vogelsang formed a partnership and erected 
 works at Berlin, Ontario, Mr. Vogelsang having brought the art with him from 
 Germany. They prospered and added to their facilities from time to time until 1876, 
 when Mr. Vogelsang retired, and the firm of J. Y. Shantz & Sons was organized. In 
 1884 the Buffalo branch was opened by Mr. M. B. Shantz, the senior member and one of 
 the sons, D. B. Shantz, remaining in charge of the original works at Berlin, comprising 
 three neat two-story factory buildings, respectively 40 by 130, 40 by 60 and 30 by 40 
 feet, illustrated above. We also present an engraving of the building, one floor, 125 by 
 180 feet, of which is occupied by the Buffalo house. 
 
 The machinery employed is of the best, much of it invented by the members of the 
 
 firm, and all of it constructed especially for their use. At Berlin 300 operatives find 
 
 steady work ; at Buffalo, 125 to 150. A large percentage of the 
 
 finer work is imported in the rough from the Berlin house, and 
 
 finished here. The leading specialties embrace every description 
 
 of ivory and pearl buttons, fine buttons for clothing and for the 
 
 use of merchant tailors, with whom the " Shantz " brand of these 
 
 goods is extremely popular. 
 
 The house has a vast and fast-growing trade all over the United States and the 
 
 Canadian provinces, and is known as a most liberal and progressive one. 
 
 ^^y^ -ag^ 
 
 CLINTON BIDWELL, 
 
 New York and Pennsylvania Agent of the DuPont Gunpowder Works of 
 Wilmington, Del.— Office, No. 14 West Swan St. 
 
 Gunpowder is an agent of civilization, without which much of the progress of the 
 past few centuries would have been impossible. Putting aside its employment in war 
 — which, by the way, consumes but a small proportion of the total — ^gunpowder is 
 indispensable in quarrying and mining operations, the removal of obstructions to 
 navigation, the construction of tunnels, canals and internal improvements of every 
 description, for fireworks, for field sports, and for many other purposes that will 
 readily occur to the intelligent reader. 
 
 The oldest and most extensive gunpowder works in the United States are those of 
 the DuPont family, on Brandywine creek, near Wilmington, Del. These works were 
 founded by Eleuthere Irenee /ftjlj/EoRtj Piw^h>!^n^Aff^"^> '"'I'o also founded the 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 103 
 
 American branch of tliat family. He was a son of a prominent French gentleman, 
 DuPont de Nemours, and a student under Lavoisier, superintendent of the royal 
 saltpetre depots and powder factories. The Frencli revolution caused the Du Fonts to 
 ■emigrate in the winter of 1779-80, arriving at Newport, R. I., January 1st of the 
 latter year. At that time the manufacture of gunpowder in this country was in its 
 infancy and the product very poor, while that imported from England was but little 
 better. This suggested to Irenee Du Pont the feasibility of constructing works and 
 regularly embarking in the business of supplying the market with superior grades of 
 gunpowder for all purposes, an idea which he carried into effect in 1803 by the erection 
 of the original plant on the Brandywine. The energetic emigrant died of cholera 
 in 1831, at Philadelphia, his works being at that time the largest and most famous on 
 the western hemisphere. Since then the immense business has been ably managed by 
 his sons and grandsons, who retain the old firm name. The works are now the largest 
 of their kind in the world. In addition to the buildings devoted to the manufacture 
 and storage of gunpowder, they embrace a saltpetre refinery with laboratory attached, 
 charcoal Louses, machine shops, carpenter and blacksmith shops, planing and saw mills. 
 The firm owns over two thousand acres of land, that stretch for three miles along both 
 sides of the Brandywine, and on which are located three woolen mills, a cotton mill, flour 
 mill, etc., giving employment to upward of five hundred operatives. There are good 
 roads, substantial bridges, mostly of stone, and in fact no money lias been spared to make 
 the estate a model one in every respect. The high reputation permanently maintained by 
 DuPont's powder is due to the care bestowed upon its manufacture, and to the constant 
 personal supervision maintained over all the processes and character of materials. 
 The quantity of saltpetre and nitrate of soda annually consumed here is enormous, 
 amounting to over eight million pounds, imported mostly from India and South 
 America. The firm take especial pains to have a thoroughly pure and reliable quality 
 of saltpetre used in their powder, and consequently have devised the most rigid tests. 
 All descriptions of powder for military or naval purposes are made at the Tvorks, such 
 as hexagonal, prismatic, cannon, musket, rifle, mortar and pistol. In this connection it 
 may be noted that the firm supplied all the powder used in recent experiments with 
 heavy cannon, including those made with the Haskell multicharge gun. It also manu- 
 factures diamond grain, eagle, chokebore, and the various grades of canister and rifle 
 po%vder, as well as shipping, blasting, mining and fuse powder. The firm owns a large 
 •depot at San Francisco for the requirements of the Pacific States, and have agencies 
 throughout South and Central America and elsewhere. 
 
 For eighty-four years these works have maintained ilieir supremacy in this country, 
 both for extent and quality of products, proving a powerful and faithful ally of the 
 government in all of its wars, and a just source of pride as well as wealth to the 
 descendents of Du Pont Nemours & Co. 
 
 Mr. Clinton Bidwell is agent for the company at this point, controlling its interests 
 in Western New York and Pennsylvania. His office is at No. 14 West Swan street ; 
 magazine — a substantial one-story structure, 25 by 40 feet square — some distance in 
 the country. He carries an immense stock of gunpowder of all grades for all purposes, 
 and will fill orders promptly and in the best manner. 
 
 ADAM HAUCK, 
 
 Dealer in General Hardware, Stoves and House-fnrniRhins Goods, Bird Cages, 
 Liamps and Plated W^are— Nos. 505 and 507 Main St. 
 
 Mr. Hauck established himself in his present business as long ago as 1854, and the 
 famous " Model Hardware and Stove Store" is a Main street landmark known to almost 
 every old citizen of Buffalo. In 1868 he admitted a partner in the person of a Mr, 
 Garono, but the latter retired in 1880, and Mr. Hauck has never cared to associate him- 
 self in business with any one else. He occupies a substantial three-story brick building, 
 2.1 by 80 feet, carries a stock valued at $12,000 to $15,000, and does an annual business 
 of $35,000 to $40,000 in general hardware, stoves, house-furnisfliing goods, bird-cages, 
 lamps, plated ware, etc., his leading specialties being McQee's ranges and parlor stoves 
 a line of superior goods for which he has a steady sale. 
 
 Mr. Hauck came to New York from Germany in 1840, went into business at Eton 
 Corners in 1854, and two or three years later removed to Buffalo, where he has since 
 resided. Last summer, accompanied by his estimable better-half, he revisited the 
 scenes of his youth in the Fatherland, but returned better satisfied than ever with his 
 home in the free New World. 
 
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104 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 HOLLAND & VILAS, 
 
 Manufacturers of Lounges and Blattresses— Nelson Holland, Freeman M. 
 
 Vilas— No. 270 Court St. 
 
 Among the varied industries represented on a large scale wlaich. have combined of 
 late years to give the City of Buffalo a national reputation may be mentioned the 
 manufacture of lounges and mattresses. This city has the credit of having one of the 
 largest establishments of this kind in the country. At the same time, for a variety of 
 styles in lounges and artistic finish, it acknowledges no superior. The one referred to 
 is that of Messrs. Holland & Vilas, successors during the past year to the late H. J. 
 Comstock. The business was established by the latter in 1872, the premises occupying 
 three floors of the mammoth block of Lee, Holland & Co., having a frontage on Court 
 street of 1,000 feet. Being possessed of an extended experience and the very best of 
 facilities for conducting the business, it expanded rapidly. Mr. Comstock's death 
 occurred October 4, 1885, and on March 15, 1886, the present firm was organized. Of 
 the individual members, Mr. Holland is one of Buffalo's leading business men, being a 
 member of the firm of Holland & Stewart, wholesale lumber, and of Lee, Holland & 
 Co. Mr. Vilas comes from Plattsburg, N. Y., where he was vice-president of the Vilas 
 National Bank, and is an enterprising and accomplished business man. The active 
 management of the business in all its details devolves on him, and the showing since he 
 has been in charge demonstrates that he is the right man in the right place. 
 
 A working force of seventy-five skilled artisans is employed, and over 150 diflFer- 
 ent styles of lounges are manufactured. They include everything known to the 
 trade in lounges, and new designs are being originated constantly. In the mattress 
 department complete lines in wool, cotton, curled hair, moss and husk are manufactured, 
 also on a large scale and of unsurpassed excellence. An adequate idea of the extent 
 of the business of Messrs. Holland & Vilas can be had from the fact that during the 
 past year it amounted to a quarter million dollars. The item of wages alone is $50,000 
 a year. Several traveling men are constantly on the road, and the trade of this house 
 extends throughout the difEerent sections of the United States. Its future is certainly 
 most flattering. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OB BUFFALO. 105 
 
 ENSIGN BENNETT, 
 
 General Manager for the Buffalo Coal Co., Northwestern Coal and Iron 
 Co., and Fairmouut Coal and Iron Co.— Offices, Coal and Iron Exchange 
 Building, 
 
 The importance of Buffalo as a distributing point for the bituminous coal trade can- 
 not be overestimated. The position which this city now occupies has been reached by the 
 unsurpassed shipping facilities afforded by the different railway lines tapping the coal 
 fields of Northwestern Pennsylvania, and which converge to this point. A much better 
 idea can be obtained from a personal inspection of the numerous coal docks here of the 
 magnitude of the trade than an array of figures presents. They are among the most 
 extensive in the country, as the coal shipments from this port form an important factor 
 in its lake commerce. 
 
 Mi. Ensign Bennett is the general manager for three companies whose opera- 
 tions are very extensive. His offices are located in the building referred to, and he 
 is a fair type of the urbane and gentlemanly representatives of one of Buffalo's lead- 
 ing interests. A few interesting figures are presented which will show the extent of 
 the business done by the companies referred to. The Buffalo Coal Company owns 
 16,000 acres in McKean County, Pa., and has a capital of $1,000,000. Its operations are 
 confined to coal and lumber. The annual output has been 80,000 tons of coal and 
 200,000 feet of lumber. About 100 men have been employed, and the pay roll averages 
 $7,0OO per month. Mr. G. Clinton Gardner of New York' is the president. It has been 
 in operation since 1880, and the trade is principally in this State. The Fairmount Coal 
 and Iron Co., with a capital of $1,500,000, owns 4,800 acres in Clarion county. Pa., and! 
 600 acres in Jefferson county, and turns out annually 145,000 tons of coal and lO.OOOi 
 tons of coke. The pay roll for the 175 hands averages about $10,500 a month. Col. B. 
 K. Jamison of Philadelphia is the president, and the trade is distributed in Pennsyl- 
 vania, New York and Canada. The Northwestern Coal and Iron Co. completes the list. 
 G. Clinton Gardner is the president, and Ihe company's property consists of 660 acres in, 
 Venango county and 1,400 acres in Clarion county, Pa. The annual production is 
 125,000 to 175,000 tons of coal and 7,000 tons of coke. The number of employes i» 
 110. who earn $7,000 a month. The capital of this company is $1,000,000, and the 
 trade goes to Canada and this State and Pennsylvania. 
 
 It can be seen that these companies have ample capital and facilities to handle a 
 large volume of trade. In the hands of Mr. Bennett their interests are ably looked 
 after, and a large proportion of the business done ia chiefly due to his adaptability for 
 the important office which he fills. 
 
 HARVEY BROTHERS, 
 
 Flour, Grain and Seed Merchants— No. 221 Washington St. 
 
 This famous old house, founded by Harvey & Allen in 1858, not only has the advan- 
 tage of great age and long experience, but of an established reputation for enterprise, 
 probity and reliability as high as that of any similar concern in the United States. The 
 present firm, composed of Horace J. and John H. Harvey, was formed in 1865, and is a 
 recognized power and authority in the flour and grain trade. Mr. Horace J. Harvey, the 
 senior partner, is interested in several outside business ventures, among them Smith, 
 Falke & Co., bakers, and Harvey & Dake, Niagara Baking Co. Both are natives of 
 Washington county, connected with this house for twenty-seven years or more, and 
 both members of the Board of Trade. 
 
 The leading specialties of the house comprise the finest grades of winter and hard 
 spring wheat roller process flour, selected grain, and seeds of all kinds, in which latter 
 they are the heaviest dealers in the State. They also handle great quantities of 
 superior bird seed, which they pack for the convenience of the trade and supply in 
 quantities to suit. 
 
 Messrs. Harvey Brothers occupy all of the large four story building No. 327 Wash- 
 ington street, 25 by 125 feet. They do an immense business in the specialties above 
 enumerated, averaging over $2,000,000 per annum, and extending throughout Western 
 New York. The bulk of iheir sales, liowever, are made to retailers and consumers in 
 the city and surrounding towns — one of the best possible proofs of the character of the 
 house and its goods. All the flour handled by this firm is from the renowned Buffalo 
 City Flour Mills of Harvey & Henry, noticed more at length elsewhere in this work. 
 
 7 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
106 
 
 TEE INB USTRIES OF B UFFALO. 
 
 BUFFALO GLOVE AND WHIP MANUFACTORY. 
 
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 ID 
 
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 S. BAKER & CO., NOS. i8 TO 26 TERRACE. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 107 
 
 BUFFALO GLOVE AND WHIP MANUFACTORY. 
 
 S. Baker & Co., Proprietors.— Factory, Nos. 18 to 36 Terrace ; Office, Nos. 
 112 and 114 Commercial St.; Warerooms, Nos. 13 and 15 Pearl St. 
 
 One of the industries upon whicli Buffalo may iustlfiably pride herself is the manu- 
 facture of whips and gloves upon a large scale, and one of the most conspicuous estab- 
 lishments of the kind in the United States is that of Messrs. S. Baker & Co. — the 
 Buffalo Glove and Whip Manufactory — Nos. 18 to 26 Terrace square. The house occu- 
 pies for manufacturing and storage purposes in all six doors, viz. : one 70 by 100 feet, 
 three 35 by 40 feet, and one 35 by 60 feet, vrith basement of like dimensions. 
 Sixty-five operatives and eight travelers are employed, and the capacity, which 
 is taxed to the utmost by orders from the trade, is 100 dozen whips per diem 
 and 13,000 dozen of gloves a year, valued at about $135,000, the goods going 
 to all portions of the United States and Canada. This is said to be, and 
 probably is, the only concern of the kind in this country that is never com- 
 pelled to close down for " dull times," running a full force from the first of January to 
 ■ the last of December every year, while others suspend from February until June. This 
 fact alone speaks volumes for the character of Messrs. Baker & Co.'s products, for it is 
 certain that merit alone can command such a continuous run of orders. 
 
 Mr. Baker, the head of the firm, is of English birth, and was reared to the busi- 
 ness, his father having been a glove manufacturer before him. Mr. Henry H. 
 McMartin, the junior member, is a native of this State and has always been connected 
 •with this trade. Both are enterprising, liberal men, and it is pleasant to know that 
 they are successful and prosperous, the demand for their goods steadily increasing, and 
 their personal and business popularity growing year by year. 
 
 IRLBACKER & DAVIS, 
 
 Plumbers, Gas and Steamfitters — Nos. 529 to 531 Main and 504 to 508 
 
 Washington St, 
 
 Messrs. Irlbacker & Davis are the leading represent- 
 atives of their special industry in Buffalo, and conduct 
 the largest and most famous plumbing, steam and 
 gasfitting establishment in the State, outside of New 
 York city, occupying a substantial and conveniently 
 arranged building four stories in height on Main and 
 three on Washington, 300 feet deep, fronting 87 feet 
 on the former and 58 feet on the latter street, and 
 employing an average of over 80 skilled workmen in all 
 departments, together with a' full complement of all 
 necessary machinery, special tools, etc. Their weekly 
 pay-roll alone foots up about $1,800, and most of the 
 larger and more intricate contracts for first-class work 
 in their line awarded in this city and vicinity are given 
 them, for the excellent reason that their facilities and 
 resources are known to be entirely adequate to any 
 demand that may be made upon them. 
 
 The house was established by the present proprie- 
 tors in 1861 — more than twenty-five years ago — with 
 small capital besides their skill and industry. At this 
 time the actual investment represents $100,000, and in 
 recent years their transactions have aggregated about 
 $300,000 per annum. Mr. Irlbacker has resided in 
 Buffalo since 1844. Mr. Davis was born and reared 
 here. They are half owners of the brass foundry and 
 machine shop of Fries & Co., No. 508 Washington 
 street, and hold half the stock of the Kast Copper and Sheet-Iron Co., corner Washing- 
 ton and Scott streets, and are, besides, reckoned among the liberal, progressive and 
 public-spirited citizens of Buftalo, fully alive to the city's interests and quick to per- 
 ceive and encourage every movement looking to her material development. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
108 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES Ot BUFFALO. 
 
 FRONTIER ELEVATOR CO. 
 
 John C Graves, President ; Gustav Pleischmann, Vice-President; EdAvarcJ 
 N. Cook, Treasurer ; J. H. Prescott, Jr., Secretary — Elevator, cor. Uatcli 
 Slip and City Ship Canal ; Office, Room 33, Board of Trade. 
 
 The Frontier Elevator Company was organized early in 1886, with a cash capital of 
 00,000, and at once proceeded to the erection of its splendid new elevator at the- 
 intersection of Hatch slip and the city ship canal. It is built upon an entirely novel 
 and original plan, combining great capacity with economy of space and power, and is- 
 of the following dimensions : Building exclusive of engine house, 73 by 267 feet 
 lineal measurement; height of transfer or machinery department, 111 feet; height of 
 marine toWers, 127 feet; height of elevator above storage warehouse, 77 feet; number 
 of bins, 136, each 8 by 18 feet square and 52 feet deep. The enginehouse at the east 
 side is of brick, one story in height, 26^ by 133 feet, the equipment comprising one 
 elevating engine, one engine and windlass for handling cars, and a small Rice patent 
 engine to run the dynamo for lighting the entire establishment on the Edison incandes- 
 cent system. The large engine is of the Hamilton-Corliss pattern, 500 horse power. 
 The buildings are roofed with iron, and every precaution has been taken to avoid 
 danger from fire. The company design erecting another building of the same dimen- 
 sions as the present storage house on the west side of the engine-house, which will 
 also be covered with corrugated iron, iron-roofed and substantial. The Chase system of 
 low bins prevails, as elevators of this kind are considered much safer than the old 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 109 
 
 style, and insurance rates are about one-tliird lower. Spouts above and below the bins 
 are also dispensed with, thus still further reducing the risk. 
 
 The location of the Frontier Elevator is especially advantageous for the unloading 
 «f lake vessels and the loading of cars, the ship canal on one side and railroad tracks 
 on the other providing all desirable shipping facilities. Steam shovels do the work of 
 unloading with extraordinary rapidity, and if necessary the elevator can handle 15,000 
 bushels per hour or 360,000 bushels per day. About 100 men are employed, the com- 
 pany having commenced receiving October 11th last. They are doing a large and steadily 
 increasing business, and confidently expect to run to the limit of their capacity 
 liereafter. 
 
 The Frontier Elevator Company is composed of A 1 business men. President Graves 
 is a lawyer by profession, formerly Clerk of the Superior Court, and at present a park 
 commissioner and trustee of the Buffalo City cemetery. Vice-President Fleischmann 
 and Treasurer Cook are of the firm of E. N. Cook & Co., prominent and successful 
 distillers. ;/,' 
 
 WALBRIDGE & CO. 
 
 "Wholesale Hardware, House-Furnishing Goods, etc- 
 
 t "Washington St. 
 
 -Nos. 317, 319 and 321 
 
 This is one of Buf- 
 falo's most extensive, re- 
 putable and influential 
 business houses, repre- 
 sentative in its person- 
 nel, in the volume of its 
 business transactions, 
 and in the high character 
 and public spirit that 
 have ever marked its 
 career. It was founded 
 by Charles E. Walbridge 
 and George A. Bell, Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1869, and up to 
 January 1, 1885, was con- 
 ducted under the name 
 and style of Charles E. 
 Walbridge, when the 
 change to Walbridge & 
 Co. was made. The firm 
 is composed of Charles 
 E. Walbridge and Harry 
 Walbridge, general part- 
 ners, and George A. Bell, 
 of Brooklyn, N. Y., spe- 
 cial partner. The loca- 
 tion, Nos. 317, 319 and 
 321 Washington street, 
 n o r t h e ast corner of 
 South Division, is one 
 of the best in the city for the purpose, convenient to the business center, the hotels, 
 railroad stations and wharves. The building occupied is a handsome and substantial 
 five-story brick with basement, fronting 70 feet on Washington and 130 feet on South 
 Division street, the interior specially arranged for the accommodation of the business 
 to which it is devoted, which embraces wholesale and retail departments in hardware, 
 implements and house-furnishing goods. A force of ninety men, including book-keepers, 
 clerks, salesmen, mechanics and porters, is required to carry on the local operations of 
 the house, besides competent and successful travelers scattered throughout New York, 
 Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and other Western States. 
 
 January 1, 1886, Walbridge & Co. purchased the entire hardware stock and good- 
 will of Pratt & Co., which house retired from the trade at that time after an honorable 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
110 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 
 
 and prosperous career of half a century. Many of Pratt & Co.'s force of trained house 
 and traveling salesmen also passed into the employ of Walbridge & Co., who control 
 moat of the trade built up by the old house during a long series of years, and are con- 
 stantly adding thereto. 
 
 Messrs. Walbridge & Co. possess every facility for the prompt and satisfactory ship- 
 ment of orders for the hardware trade, their stock comprising full assortments of all 
 goods pertaining thereto — light and heavy hardware, iron, steel, house-furnishing and 
 builders' hardware and trimmings, including bronze locks, knobs, escutcheons, hinges, 
 etc., in late and artistic patterns from the most celebrated manufacturers, and an endless 
 variety of tools for the use of wood and iron-workers. One large department is 
 devoted exclusively to shop and foundry supplies, and here will be found complete 
 
 stocks of nuts, bolts, rivets, sheet- 
 brass, emery — in short, any and every 
 item required for this class of trade. 
 Particular attention is given to the 
 retail trade in the goods above re- 
 ferred to, and parties in want of any- 
 thing in the hardware or tool line, 
 from a tack to an engine lathe, will 
 find it here. 
 
 Herewith is presented an illustra- 
 tion of the new reservoir vase, for 
 lawn and cemetery adornment, of 
 which Walbridge & Co. make a 
 specialty. They are made in a varie- 
 ty of styles and sizes, ranging from 
 20 to 55 inches, and in price from $10 
 to $34. These vases are made with 
 a reservoir to hold water. The 
 moisture is drawn up into the earth 
 by capillary attraction. The soil 
 does not get caked and hard as iu 
 vases where water is poured on the 
 top of the earth. Reservoir vases 
 only need watering once in ten to 
 fifteen days, making them invaluable 
 for cemetery use. Catalogue and 
 eui£AoonLLu$TMiioii^wfmMiY. ^^ price-list mailed on application. 
 
 H. H. LITTLE, 
 
 Architect— Office, Boom 114 White Buildiug. 
 
 Mr. Little has resided and prosecuted his vocation in Buffalo for many years, and is 
 deservedly popular, not only with property-owners, contractors, builders and' others 
 directly interested in improvements, but with the business community and general 
 public. His office, room No. 114 White fire-proof building, Nos. 293 to 298 Main 
 street, is one of the most centrally situated, pleasant and best-equipped in the citv 
 readily accessible by elevator, and in all respects desirable. A competent corps of prac- 
 tical architects, draughtsmen, etc., is regularly employed, and it is a busy place. 
 
 Mr. Little's specialties, to which he devotes his attention almost exclusively embrace 
 all classes of public buildings and fine residences, in the designing and construction of 
 which he has no superior. In addition to the numerous business blocks, hotels etc 
 that owe their beauty and fine proportions to his skill, Mr. L. has erected, in this city' 
 some of the handsomest residences that adorn its fashionable thoroughfares, among 
 others, those of W. W. Sloan, Delaware avenue ; Dr. H. L. Foster, Wadsworth avenue • 
 W. C. Fisher, Main street; John Thompson, Linwood avenue, etc. In the fall of 1885 
 he was appointed superintendent of construction of the new post-office, and under his 
 direction the work progressed more rapidly than ever before. 
 
 Mr. Little is a member of the City Council, and a courteous, obliging and liberal 
 
 gentleman. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. Ill 
 
 ..^^^^13!^^^. 
 
 Booth & Riester, Manufacturers of Ecclesiastic and Domestic Art Stained 
 Glass— No. 39 Pearl St., Nos. 3S and 25 Terrace, Up-stairs. 
 
 The art of glass staining for architectural purposes is a very old one, the credit for 
 the discovery of which is due to the mediaeval monks of Southern Europe. Many of 
 the most elaborate and beautiful examples of this art now extant are found in the win- 
 dows of ancient cathedrals and churches scattered all over the continent, some of which 
 are hardly rivaled in our own day, notwithstanding the vast strides since achieved in 
 mechanics and the multiplied appliances evoked by three centuries of unprecedented 
 progress. Yet we .advance, and the modern glass-stainer and artist in stained glass are 
 gradually attaining a degree of perfection, each in his own specialty, that promises a 
 complete elucidation, eventually, of the long-lost secrets of the craft and results that 
 will eclipse the grandest conceptions and most magnificent achievements of the old 
 masters. 
 
 It is conceded that Buffalo holds a high position among the art centers of the New 
 World, though the arts most patronized here are those which combine the useful with 
 the beautiful. Among these is the art of glass-staining as applied to ecclesiastical and 
 general architecture — the beautifying by its means of the temples of worship, the places 
 of amusement, the halls of assembly, the public buildings and private residences of the 
 people. While it is true that the city boasts but one considerable art industrial estab- 
 lishment of this kind, it is also a fact that in point of extent and the fame of its produc- 
 tions it is justly a source of pridejand gratification to her inhabitants. We refer to the 
 renowned Buffalo Stained Glass Works, founded on a small scale in 1845 by the late 
 William G. Miller, who was succeeded, in 1864, by Messrs. Booth & Riester. The 
 works at present occupy commodious rooms at No. 29 Pearl street and over Nos. 23 and 
 25 Terrace, having three floors 60 by 60 feet square, where twenty skilled artists and 
 operatives are employed and an immense amount of intricate and costly work is done, 
 the demands upon them steadily increasing and a corresponding augmentation of facili- 
 ties and growth of output resulting, so that it is impossible to form a conjecture, from 
 one year's transactions, what will be the volume of business for the next. 
 
 Mr. Booth, the senior partner, is of English birth, coming to this country in 1849. 
 A practical and accomplished art glazier, connected with the trade since early manhood, 
 he devotes his undivided attention to this branch of the business. Mr. Riester, the 
 junior, is a native of France, where he received his early training in the studios and 
 workshops of the most celebrated teachers. He came to Buffalo in 1852, and has devoted 
 his whole mature life to the pursuit of this art. 
 
 The firm of Booth & Riester is famous throughout the length and breadth of the 
 land for the taste, skill, beauty and durability of their work, thousands of examples of 
 which are to be seen all over the Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern States, Brit- 
 ish America and the Sandwich Islands, as well as in most of the churches, public build- 
 ings, theaters, libraries, hotels and stylish private houses of this city. Among the 
 latest fine specimens of their handicraft in this vicinity may be mentioned a beautiful 
 memorial window in the Olean Baptist church, the illuminated windows of St. James 
 Protestant Episcopal church, this city, the English Lutheran church, Canton, O., the 
 Presbyterian church, Qowanda, N. Y., a Catholic church at Qallitzin, Pa., and the new 
 Polish church of Buffalo. 
 
 That the firm is a prosperous and flourishing one and a credit to the city goes with- 
 out saying. That it has done and is doing much to spread abroad the fame of, and 
 attract trade and population to, Buffalo, is equally certain. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
112 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 BUSH & HOWARD, 
 
 Manufacturers of Hemlock Sole Lieather — No. 105 Main St. 
 
 Tills representative old house, founded by Messrs. Myron P. Bush and George Howard 
 in 1843, occupies a most influential position in relation to the leather trade of the 
 country at large. Mr. Bush passed to the reward of a well-spent life in September of 
 1885, and was followed to his rest by his old and faithful associate last summer. Since 
 Mr. Howard's death the firm has been reorganized, the present members being Messrs. 
 George R. Howard and James H. Smith, who for some years were active partners in the 
 establishment under the former regime. The name and style, location of tannery, office 
 and warehouse, and approved methods of business are retained ; honest goods and 
 reasonable figures will prevail as of yore, and there is every reason to predict for the 
 concern under its new auspices as large if not larger prosperity than attended its 
 previous long and honorable career. The office and warehouse at No. 105 Main street 
 occupy a substantial four-story brick building, 50 by 150 feet, providing ample storage 
 and counting-house facilities, while the yards and appurtenances cover several acres of 
 valuable land on both sides of Chicago and Scott streets. 
 
 The single specialty of the house is the manufacture of superior hemlock slaughter sole 
 leather, of which it produces and markets from 75,000 to 80,000 sides per annum, valued 
 at $300,000 to $400,000, finding ready sale for the same all over this country, principally 
 in the West, where this grade of sole leather is popular by reason of its uniform 
 quality and durability. Such establishments as that of Bush & Howard are an honor to 
 any community, potent for good, and always aciive in upholding those enterprises which 
 promise benefit to the business and social interests with which they are identified. 
 
 AMIDON & WHITE, 
 
 Manufacturers of Bit-Braces, Gold, Silver, Nickel and Copper-Platers — Nos. 
 135 and 137 Main St., 10, 12 and 14 Quay St. 
 
 Of the entire catalogue of smaller tools none are more indispensable for the use of 
 the mechanic than a reliable and effective bit-brace that can be employed indifferently 
 with a variety of boring and drilling implements. The American inventor has per- 
 formed wonders during the past quarter century in devising new or simplifying and 
 improving old tools, but it is doubtful if any expenditure of time, labor and ingenuity 
 in this direction has been productive of more universally acceptable results than have 
 attended the efforts of Mr. Charles H. Amidon, of Buffalo, a practical and exceedingly 
 skillful mechanic and machinist, who has for many years devoted his time and inventive 
 talent to perfecting the bit-brace in its various forms, and to the devising and erection 
 of special machinery for its manufacture. Having succeeded in the application of 
 mechanical principles to practical results, Mr. Amidon, in October, 1883, formed a 
 business partnership with Mr. Ansley D. White, formerly connected with the Mer- 
 chants Bank, and the new firm of Amidon & White at once secured and occupied as a 
 factory the commodious building No. 135 and 137 Main street, two floors of which, 35 
 by 150 feet, were fitted up expressly for their use with a complete plant of the latest 
 improved and costly machinery. At prgsent the firm employs from forty to fifty 
 hands, pays $300 to $350 per week in wages, and puts upon the market nearly $100,000 
 worth of goods per annum, an output that meets with prompt sale, and is being con- 
 stantly augmented. The trade of the house is general all over this continent, mechanics 
 everywhere who have tested the bit-braces and other goods manufactured by Messrs. Ami- 
 don & White always giving them the preference when replenishing their outfits. The line 
 of braces made by the firm comprises a variety of improved forms specially adapted to 
 the requirements of workers in wood and metal. Amidon's patent globe-jawed brace 
 is entirely new, and is confessedly the most complete and perfect brace ever made ; is 
 simple, substantial, and quickly operated ; holds the largest shank bits, down to the 
 smallest drills, of any and every shaped shank — round, square or tapering (any degree 
 of taper) — and each shape receives the same even, tremendous " Bcrew-lever-and- wedge" 
 grip. When in use for bits the jaws are left with the largest opening up and the bit is 
 dropped into the bottom of the socket, which is accurately centered. When required 
 for drills, the proper slot in the jaws is turned up ; and, it the drill is long enough, it 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 113 
 
 may be dropped into the bottom ; if not, it can be put in as far as desired, and held just 
 ■as firmly as otherwise. This is the only brace in existence that takes both bits and 
 ■drills with the same jaws. No other brace in the market will take any and every 
 size, shape and taper of shank of bits or drills. There never was a brace that held 
 with such remarkable strength, nor any which distributed the pressure equally to all 
 aides of any shank, as the globe-jaws roll in any direction, to fit any form. There can 
 be no brace made to operate easier or with less effort in tightening. It is what every 
 mechanic has long needed ; as, with it, small drills can be used to great advantage. It 
 ■also makes a very convenient hand- vise, and can be used for screwing in picture-nails, 
 -etc. It i.9 handsomely made and full nickel-plated, with steel sweep, lignumvitse head 
 and cocobolo handle. 
 
 Of the other bit-braces, etc., manufactured 
 by this house, and of which Mr. Amidon is 
 "the inventor, we have space only for brief 
 mention of the wonderful corner brace, here- 
 
 ■with illustrated, the only practical tool for boring in corners and close to 
 
 walls, and is indispens- 
 able to carpenters, bell- 
 hangers and plumbers. 
 A ra i d o u ' s Barker im- 
 proved bit-brace is uni- 
 versally recognized as a 
 first-class brace for ordi- 
 nary use, and their new "Eclipse" 
 ratchet brace, of which we present an 
 engraving, is the simplest to operate 
 and most durable of the kind ever made, 
 besides being the handsomest tool in 
 ■the market. This firm also manufacture a novel drill and lathe chuck involving the 
 aame principle as the globe-jawed brace, the only thing of the kind on the market. 
 The patent corner breast-drill, constructed on the same principle of the corner brace, 
 promises to supersede all older devices for the same purpose. 
 
 In addition, the firm are extensively engaged in gold, silver and nickel-plating, and 
 are prepared to do all work in that line to order in tlie best style. 
 
 The trade will find it to their interest and profit to correspond with and obtain the 
 illustrated circulars and catalogues of this house. 
 
 J. H. ROSS, 
 
 Manufacturer of "Buffalo "Quick liime and State Land Plaster— Manufac- 
 turers' Agent for Akron Star Brand Cement and "Best" Ohio Sewer Pipe 
 — Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Imported Portland Cements, Calcined 
 Plaster, Ohio White Liime, Plastering Hair, Marble Dust. Fire Brick, 
 Fire Clay, Soapstone Finish, etc. — Office, No. 141 Erie St. ; Cement W^are- 
 house, River St., Erie Basin Elevator; Quick Liime .Warehouse, No. 213 
 Perry St. 
 
 Building operations and city improvements consume vast and constantly increasing 
 <juantities of the above materials, and it would surprise even many of those connected 
 with the trades to see the figures in detail. 
 
 Among the largest dealers here is Mr. J. H. Ross, whose ofRce at No. 141 Erie street 
 is well-known and the resort of many of the leading builders and others in search of 
 the goods of which he makes specialties. He has large warehouse facilities and carries 
 immense stocks, carefully selected with reference to the wants of this market. His 
 •cement warehouse is connected with the Erie Basin elevator, and has a slip to the lake 
 as well as a railroad switch communicating with every line that enters the city, thus 
 securing ample shipping facilities to and from all points. His quick lime warehouse, 
 No. 313 Perry street, is a large two-story frame building, 50 by 150 feet, provided with 
 private switch and all requisite facilities for receiving and shipping merchandise. 
 
 Mr. Ross's business, established in 1879, is large and steadily growing in volume, 
 and territorially covers this State, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Michigan. Every- 
 thing he handles is of the best, his prices are reasonable, delivery prompt, and every 
 attention given to orders. Personally, Mr. R. is a pleasant, active and popular gentle- 
 man, respected by all who know him. 
 
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114 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 JAMES MOONEY, 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance Agent— Room No. 30 Arcade Building. 
 
 The popular and suceeasful gentleman whose name heads this notice is not alone i» 
 his faith in Buffalo's magnificent future, nor in his belief that as a point for real estate- 
 investment slie stands in the front rank of American cities. Mr. Mooney, however, is 
 not content, like so many dreamers, to sit down with folded hands and await events, 
 but is up and doing, early and late, in well-directed and intelligent efforts to bring 
 about a realization of his hopes, laboring zealously, faithfully and untiringly for the 
 development and aggrandizement of his adopted home. His office, in room No. 20 
 Arcade building, is one of the most elaborately and elegantly fitted up in the city,, 
 roomy, well lighted and convenient, and a favorite resort for tliose who seek buyers and 
 sellers of property and insurance in reputable and responsible companies, of which he 
 represents some of the best, including the American Central of St. Louis, the United 
 States Fire of New York, the Reading Fire of Reading, and the Pennsylvania of Pitts- 
 burg — all old, famous and reliable. 
 
 In the specialty of real estate Mr. Mooney does a larger business than any of his 
 local competitors, handling hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth annually, princi- 
 pally in and around Buffalo, though he accepts commissions for the purchase and sale- 
 of city property, farming lands, etc., in all portions of the country, doing a legitimate 
 business in all its branches, buying and selling in the capacity of broker and on his 
 own personal account. He also manages estates, collects rentH, pays taxes, and in other 
 ways looks after the property of non-resident owners and others who, for any reason, 
 desire relief from the annoyance and burden of personally managing their property. 
 
 Mr. Mooney is a conspicuous citizen and thorough business man, public-spirited and 
 popular, a gentleman of affable manners, culture and refinement, and has been presi- 
 dent of the Buffalo Real Estate and Brokers' Board since its organization in 1883. He ia 
 of Irish birth, but has resided here since 1850. He was for tw o years president of the 
 National Land League — 1882-83 — and still takes an active interest in the local 
 branch, though he holds no office. He is, in all respects, a worthy gentleman of high 
 personal and business character, and deserves the prosperity he enjoys. 
 
 RUMRILL & RUPP, 
 
 Builders aud Contractors— No. 1 Arcade Building. 
 
 Of the hundreds of builders and contractors who have so ably seconded the architect* 
 in constructing the thousands of imposing public edifices and beautiful homes that adorn 
 Buffalo and surrounding cities, probably none are more deserving of credit than the firm 
 above named, composed of Henry Rumrill and Charles A. Rupp, founded in 1839 by the 
 present senior member, Mr. Rupp being admitted in 1876. 
 
 Messrs. Rumrill & Rupp have a handsome office in Room 1, Arcade building, corner 
 of Main and Clinton streets, where one or the other of the partners will always be found 
 in business hours, ready and willing to inspect plans, make estimates, and discuss busi- 
 ness with those who contemplate building, 'fhey do a very extensive business in the 
 city and all over Northern and Western New York, amounting to about $100,000 a year. 
 Among the more prominent of the buildings erected by them in the past may be men- 
 tioned The Genesee hotel, the Fitch Institute, the German Evangelical church, the 
 Buffalo High School, the State Normal School, Becker's building (Palace of Trade), the 
 Qlenny building (Main near Seneca street), the Richmond block (Seneca and Ellicott 
 streets), the New York State Reformatory at Blmira, and many others, the list running 
 up into the hundreds. In each and every instance the firm have given complete satis- 
 faction, and every contract ever awarded them has been executed to the letter, and in 
 the best, most skillful and substantial manner, their specialty being mason work, in 
 which they excel. 
 
 Mr. Rumrill is a Vermonter by birth, coming to Buff"alo in 1836 — over half a century 
 ago — where he has steadily pursued his chosen vocation ever since. Mr. Rupp wa» 
 born here, and has been in the building line for more than twenty years. Skillful, con- 
 scientious and successful in business, he is, besides, a popular citizen. He has repre- 
 sented the Eleventh ward in the Board of Aldermen for two years, and is a director of 
 the Times Company and of the Delaware Avenue cemetery. 
 
 Such a firm of substantial, energetic, public-spirited men is an honor to the city, 
 which is not slow to recognize their worth and their claims upon public support. 
 
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TEB INBUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 115 
 
 T.J. MAHONEY, 
 
 Real £)state and Insurance Agent — Notary Public and Commissioner of 
 Deeds— No. 9 Niagara St. 
 
 There is no more inviting iield for real sBtate operations than the city of Buffalo 
 presents at the present time. The scale on which public improvements are being con- 
 ducted, with the vast outlying territory constantly being laid out and within reach of 
 the improvement extensions referred to In the way of the finest paved and drained 
 streets, water gas and electric light facilities, augmented b> one of the mosl rapidly - 
 increasing populations in the world, all combine to give real esiate investments a 
 stability, with assurance of rapidly enhancing values, which would be hard to dupli- 
 cate. Mr. T. J. Mahoney, No. 9 Niagara street, occupies a prominent position among- 
 the real-estate agents of the city. The business was established in 1881, and has 
 grown to be one of extensive proportions. The facilities which Mr. Mahoney possesses 
 are unsurpassed for buying, selling and renting real estate ; rents are collected, taxe» 
 paid, loans on real estate efEected, tax and title searches furnished, and a general 
 insurance business done. The fire companies which Mr. Mahoney represents are the 
 Royal of Liverpool, Commercial Union of London, Phcenix of London, Westchester 
 of New York, Orient of Hartford, Phcenix of Brooklyn, Western of Toronto, Kings 
 County of Brooklyn, Prescott of Boston, and Exchange Fire of New York. 
 
 There are probably few men in this city better qualified for the business than Mr. 
 Mahoney. His long and creditable political career as a city official in different depart- 
 ments gave him an experience few men are fortunate enough to possess. He has held 
 the offices of City Comptroller, Assessor and Auditor, besides having been cashier in the 
 City Treasurer's office. At present he is a director, treasurer and member of the 
 executive committee of the Lake View Brewing Co. Personally Mr. Mahoney is a very 
 courteous, accommodating gentleman to come in contact with. In business he is 
 prompt and reliable. 
 
 CO-OPERATIVE STOVE CO., 
 
 J. H. Jjudvpig, President ; W. Richardson, Vice-President ; Michael Doll, 
 Secretary and Treasurer ; Thomas Norton, Superintendent and Manager — 
 Manufacturers of Ranges, Ooolt and Heating Stoves— Iron Castings Made- 
 to Order— Particular Attention to Pattern Work — Office and Works, Cor- 
 ner Amherst and Tonawanda Sts., Black Rock, 
 
 The Buffalo Co-operative Stove Company was organized in 1854, under the manu- 
 facturing laws of the State of New York, with a capital stock of $75,000, of which 
 about $50,000 have been paid in. Its business is managed by the following board of 
 directors: JohnH. Ludwig, Wm. Richardson, Michael Doll, Edward Kener, Wm. Baynes, 
 Adam Wick, Ignatz Scheisel, Jacob Shoemaker, most of whom are practical, and all are 
 known as successful business men. 
 
 The superintendent and manager, Thomas Norton, a skillful, experienced and 
 industrious moulder, removed to Troy more than forty years ago, securing employment 
 with. Fuller, Warren & Co., where he remained as journeyman and foreman for 26. 
 years. Theirs was then the leading American stove works, and during one season of 
 Mr. Norton's administration as foreman manufactured one thirty-fifth of all the goods 
 of this kind produced in the United States. He accepted the superintendency of the 
 Co-operative Stove Company's works in January, 1886, and has been successful in intro- 
 ducing system and economy and securing the best results in every department. 
 
 The company's premises at the corner of Amherst and Tonawanda streets. Black 
 Rock, embrace five acres of ground. The buildings consist of the ware-rooms, mount- 
 ing and finishing shops and salesrooms under one roof, four stories in height, 80 feet, 
 front and 60 feet deep ; foundry, 80 by 160 feet ; cleaning and grinding, engine audi 
 boiler rooms, 60 by 80 feet. Eighty men are employed ; about $1,000 a week is dis- 
 bursed in wages, and the sales for the past year aggregated $135,000, mostly to Westera 
 points, the surrounding country and Pennsylvania. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to say that the goods are the very best that carefully selected 
 material and superior workmanship can produce. 
 
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116 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 BALL BROS. GLASS MANUFACTURING CO. 
 
 Manufacturers of Fruit Jars, Green and Amber Glass Bottles, etc.— Nos. lO to 
 
 33 Porter St. 
 
 It will be a gratifying thing, and one the citizens of Buffalo may well be proud of, 
 when the exhibit of this city's manufacturing interests appears in the present work. 
 Almost every line is represented, and the returns show that the results are most satis- 
 factory. In glassware the business is represented by the Ball Bros. Glass Manufacturing 
 Co. It is the only establishment engaged in the manufacture of glass in Buffalo, and 
 the lines they work on are fruit jars and green and amber bottles. Besides, a large 
 business is done in the manufacture of tin cans, galvanized iron tanks, and specialties 
 in stamped tinware. The business was started in 1879, the style of the firm being Ball 
 Brothers. The vi^orks are at Nos. 10 to 33 Porter street, and are well equiped in every 
 respect. They extend from a frontage of 313 feet on Porter street 365 feet deep to 
 Heacock street. A working force of 150 hands is employed, and the weekly outlay for 
 ■wages amounts to $1,000. When we consider the extent of the fruit-raising interest of 
 Western New York and the vast quantity which is put up by the numerous canning 
 industries, it can be seen at a glance that the demand for the products of this company 
 is very large. The bottling business also takes large quantities of glassware, for which 
 the local demand is large. The annual business of the company amounts to $310,000. 
 Its officers are P. C. Ball, president ; E. B. Ball, vice-president, and George A. Ball, 
 treasurer. They are all first-class business men, and have already achieved a grand 
 success. 
 
 JOHN W ENDEL L & SON, 
 
 Proprietors of "Wendell's Star Laundry and Custom Shirt Factory— No. S50 
 
 Washington St. 
 
 Of remarkable developments in business of late, tlie growth of the laundry industry 
 is one of the most interesting. The heathen Chinese demonstrated what was in it, 
 and the popular antipathy against the almond eyed Celestial soon opened the way for 
 native enterprise. Among the several establishments now doing a business of large 
 proportions in this city may be mentioned Wendell's Star Laundry and custom shirt 
 factory. It is located at No. 350 Washington street, opposite the City Club, and was 
 started in 1881 by Messrs. John Wendell & Son. They do an annual business of $15,000, 
 and employ on an average thirty hands. A very fine line of custom work in shirts is 
 done, and the facilities for doing first-class laundrying cannot be surpassed. The head 
 of the firm was formerly with W. B. Sirret & Co. for a number of years, and is an 
 Al business man. The junior member was formerly in the gents' furnishing goods 
 trade, and is also a first-class man for the position. A branch is carried on at No. 63 
 South Division street. Mr. John Wendell is a native of Germany, and came to Buffalo 
 in 1849. He lias had a long and successful business career, and is one of Buffalo's most 
 respected citizens. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 THE EXCHANGE ELEVATOR 
 
 117 
 
 And United States Bonded Warehouse— Greene & Bloomer, Proprietors — 
 Erie Basin, bet. Peacock and Palmer's Slips. 
 
 Not one of Buffalo's forty-five elevators is more eligibly located or better equipped 
 for the handling of grain, either by rail or water, than the splendid Exchange, 
 situated on the Erie basin and flanked by the Palmer and Peacock slips, provided with 
 side tracks communicating with the Now York Central & Hudson River, Grand Trunk, 
 Michigan Central, West Shore and all Eastern and Western railroads entering Buffalo.' 
 The storage capacity of the Exchange is 375,000 bushels, and the elevating facilities^ 
 comprising the latest improved and most effective machinery, provide for the 
 elevating from vessels and transferring to canal-boats and cars of 75,000 bushels 
 per day. This elevator is also a regularly constituted United States bonded warehouse 
 and a recognized convenience and necessity to importers, who find here every facility, 
 official and otherwise, for the handling of Canadian grain. 
 
 The Exchange elevator was erected in 1862 by Messrs. Wm. Rankin, Alfred Ely and 
 Ashley H. Ball, and after passing through various hands Mr. Bloomer succeeded to the 
 Stewart interest in 1881, the firm thereupon becoming Greene & Bloomer, the latter 
 president of the Western Elevating Co. since May, 1885. Mr. Bloomer is a native of 
 Cayuga county, N. Y. , born in 1818, and one of Buffalo's most respected citizens. He 
 is a practical millwright, and more than thirty-five years ago was superintendent and 
 manager for the late Stephen Whitney of New York, having under his charge fourteen 
 large flouring mills located at Oswego, Rochester and Black Rock. Mr. B., though well 
 along in years, yet retains much of his former activity and vivacity, and is as full of 
 enterprise and spirit as most men of forty. He has performed his full share in the 
 
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118 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 building up of BafEalo's commerce, and is as mucli Interested in all that promises 
 further developments thereof as ever. 
 
 The Messrs. Greene are also public-spirited and prominent business men, sons of the 
 late Wm. H. Greene, Esq., who died in April, 1883. The latter was a native of Boston, 
 a graduate of Dartmouth, who studied law and was admitted to the bar at Skaneateles, 
 N. Y., removing to BufEalo in 1837. Be rose to eminence as a counselor, practiced here 
 for more than forty-six years, and was a noble citizen as well as conspicuous business 
 man. He was an active member and friend of the Young Men's Association, an oflBcer 
 of the Buffalo Historical Society, and a trustee of the State Normal School. He died 
 universally respected and lamented. The sons partake of the fathei's lofty qualities, 
 and rank with Buffalo's best men. 
 
 BUFFALO CLOAK MANU FACTURING CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of All Kinds of Cloaks— No. 38 West Seneca St. 
 
 The growing importance of Buffalo as a manufacturing center has attracted attention 
 from all directions within the past few years. The extent and variety of the different 
 lines represented demonstrates the fact that the time is not far distant when this city 
 will acknowledge few superiors in any of them. The Buffalo Cloak Manufacturing 
 Co. is one of the leading concerns whose operations are of sufficient importance to 
 merit notice. The business was established in 1878 by Mr. M. Block. His operations 
 were on a comparatively limited scale at the start, but have expanded rapidly under 
 judicious management. From a trade of |15,000 the first year the business has grown 
 to |150,000, the latter being the figures for the past year. The entire attention of Mr. 
 Block is devoted to the manufacture of cloaks. The very best talent is employed in 
 designing and the selection of late styles. This is a feature of the utmost impor- 
 tance, and is very successfully disposed of by the talent employed for this specific 
 purpose. 
 
 ■The facilities possessed by this firm are unsurpassed. A splendid five-story building 
 is occupied, and every department is complete in itself. From 75 to 100 hands are 
 employed, representing an outlay of $500 a week for wages alone. Mr. Block is a 
 gentleman whose knowledge of the business and experience insures the permanent 
 success of the enterprise. It has been almost entirely due to his efforts that it has 
 developed so rapidly, and this is a fair criterion of what will be done in the future. 
 
 JOH N A. B ELL, 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance Agent and Coal Dealer — No. 30 East Eagle St., 
 
 near AVasbiugton. 
 
 No city in the Union offers better inducements for real estate investments than does 
 Buffalo, or more wide-awake, enterprising and public-spirited real estate agents. 
 Prominent among these is Mr. John A. Bell, who, though established in business at his 
 present location, No. 30 East Eagle street, less than three years, has already achieved 
 extraordinary success, both in the handling and insurance of property, his transactions 
 for account of buyers and sellers reaching a very large figure during the past twelve- 
 month particularly, with prospects of a marked increase in the future. He gives 
 special attention to the care of estates and property of non-residents, the collection of 
 rents, payment of taxes, the purchase and sale of houses, lots and lands, and, possessing 
 unusual facilities, renders unvarying satisfaction to his patrons. When required, he 
 also executes bonds and mortgages, furnishes tax and title searches and negotiates 
 loans, and, in brief, renders any service usually expected of a general real estate agent, 
 promptly and on reasonable terms. 
 
 - In his capacity as an insurance agent, Mr. Bell represents some of the soundest and 
 most reliable companies, and will take pleasure in placing insurance that insures, in 
 fire, accident, plate glass, fidelity and steam boiler associations, as follows : Royal Fire 
 of Liverpool, Buffalo Fire, Manufacturers' Fire and Marine of Boston, Insurance Com- 
 pany of North America, and Pennsylvania Fire of Philadelphia, Lloyd's Plate Glass 
 Insurance Co., of New York, and the Accident Insurance Co. of North America, Mont- 
 real. All losses equitably adj usted and promptly paid. 
 
 Mr. Bell is also a dealer in coal on a considerable scale, and fills all orders with 
 fidelity and dispatch. He is a native of St. Lawrence county ; has resided here since 
 1870, and was bookkeeper for the Singer Manufacturing Co. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OB BUFFALO. 
 
 119 
 
 NATIONAL AND GLOBE FLOUR MILLS. 
 
 Thornton & Chester, Proprietors— Office, No. 213 Erie St. 
 
 Buffalo's trade in breadstuffs 
 is large, and continues to in- 
 crease from year to year. Its 
 extent is set forth at length in 
 the statistical portion of this 
 work, and those who either 
 feared or hoped that this port 
 had reached the point of decad- 
 ence in the matter of grain and 
 flour will be agreeably or disa- 
 greeably surprised (as the case 
 may be) by the exhibit. Wheth- 
 er the proposed extension of 
 grain storage facilities shall be 
 realized or not, it is evident 
 that the Queen of the Lakes 
 holds her own most satisfac- 
 torily in this particular, asser- 
 tions to the contrary notwith- 
 standing. Milling, too, is pros- 
 perous here, and hundreds of thousands of barrels of Buffalo high-grade flour is 
 annually shipped East, besides what is required for local consumption. 
 
 One of the largest flouring plants east of the Mississippi, having a capacity of 200,000 
 barrels per annum, valued at about $1,000,000, is the National and Globe Mills, herewith 
 illustrated, owned by Messrs. Thornton & Chester. The plant is remarkably complete 
 in all departments, but it would be impossible to give a detailed description of the 
 interior, and we therefore pass it by with the simple statement that in point of equipment 
 •for every process, from cleaning the grain to the packing of the flour, everything required 
 in each process is as perfect as the modern millwright can devise or money procure. 
 
 The special brands upon which Thornton & Chester base their claims to superiority 
 are "Thornton & Chester's Best Patent" and the "Globe Mill." These brands are 
 universal favorites wherever introduced, as is proven by their popularity throughout 
 New England, where none but the best can find a market, as well as at home, where 
 many families decline to purchase any other flour. 
 
 These mills were originally erected at Black Rock, but becoming cramped for space 
 the owners removed their plant to the present location, since which time the enterprise 
 has prospered exceedingly. 
 
 The firm is composed of, first, Mr. Thomas Thornton, who has been with the mill 
 •ever since its establishment in 1848 — nearly forty years; he is a member of the Board 
 ■of Trade and a respected and public-spirited citizen ; second, Mrs. Mary P. Chester, 
 Telict of Thomas Chester, a former member of the firm and one of its founders ; third, 
 Mr. J. F. Chard, a native of Buffalo, and member of the Board of Trade, an active, 
 enterprising man and good citizen. The trade can find no better firm to entrust their 
 ■orders to. 
 
 A. A. ENG LE, 
 
 'Proprietor of Schreck Elevator and Feed Mill— Nos. 366 and 368 Ohio St. 
 
 The grain trade of Buffalo has always been the particular feature of prominence to 
 which this city has pointed with pride. When it is considered that a large proportion 
 •of the grain product of the West is transferred from the lake craft to the canal at this 
 port, it can be seen at a glance that the elevator facilities required are necessarily of 
 -great magnitude. Mr. A. A. Engle is prominently identified with the business. He is 
 the proprietor of a fine elevator on Ohio street, which has a capacity of 100,000 bushels, 
 built in 1881. The feed mill, which was erected in 1880, is a three-story building, and 
 turns out a large quantity of ground and crushed feed for stock. His specialties include 
 •corn, corn-meal, cracked corn, corn and oats (chopped) and ground oats. He also grinds 
 anything in the feed line that may be needed. 
 
 Mr. Engle came to this city from Hazelton, Pa., in 1879, and his annual business 
 amounts to $300,000. He is a member of the .Board of Trade, and one of the live, 
 -active representatives of this important Interest. 
 
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120 
 
 THE INDUSTB1E8 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 HEINZ & MUNS CHAUER, 
 
 Manufacturers of Refrigerators, Water Coolers, Filters, Baths, Coal Hods, 
 Coal Vases, Bird Cages, Children's Sleighs, etc.— Corner Randall an<i 
 Superior Sts. 
 
 The large and handsome 
 three and four-story factory 
 illustrated herewith was built 
 by its present occupants in 1884 
 and is of brick throughout, 
 fronting 103 feet on Superior 
 street and 250 feet on Kandall,. 
 with a convenient lumber yard, 
 55 by 125 feet, lying on both 
 sides of Randall street. The 
 entire establishment is a hive of 
 industry from basement to roof, 
 employing 130 workmen in the 
 various departments and a com- 
 plete, novel and costly equip- 
 ment of machinery, much of 
 which was specially designed 
 and constructed for these works. 
 The productions of the firm cover a wide range, embracing complete lines of refrig- 
 erators and ice-chests for hotel and domestic use, water-coolers of approved styles and 
 improved construction, filters, baths, coal hods, coal vases, children's sleighs, and the 
 finest, most tasteful and varied line of bird cages of all kinds, sizes, grades and prices- 
 manufactured by any establishment in the United States. 
 
 This great manufacturing house was founded in 1865 by Messrs. Gesellgen, Heinz &. 
 Co., who established themselves in a small way on Mechanic street. The firm became 
 Heinz, Fisher & Munschauer in 1868, and in 1873 removed to Hanover street, the style 
 becoming Heinz, Pierce & Munschauer, Mr. Pierce retiring in 1878, since which time 
 Messrs. Heinz & Munschauer have conducted the business without change of firm or 
 other mutation gave the erection of the new factory and a triplication of the volume of 
 their transactions, reaching every city and town in the Eastern, Western and Northern 
 States and tbe Canadas. 
 
 Both members of the firm are interested as partners in the flourishing Niagara Stamp- 
 ing and Tool Co., whose works are across the street. Mr. Heinz is a practical work- 
 man in the goods made by the firm. He is a German by birth, and came to Buffalo in 
 1850. Mr. Munschauer was born here, served in the Union navy in the war of the 
 rebellion, and has been in his present line of business for the past nineteen years. 
 
 FRANK L. GE ORGER, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Artists' Materials, Painters' 
 Supplies and Pure Mixed Paints— No. 246 Washington St., Opposite 
 Post Office. 
 
 The manufacture and use of paints of all kinds for exterior and interior use is 
 steadily growing, and it is no longer customary, as formerly, for each member of the 
 craft to mix and grind his pigments and oils, since he can save time and money by 
 purchasing them ready for use, or nearly so, from those who make a business of this 
 specialty. One of the most skillful and successful men in this branch of the trade is 
 Mr. Frank L. Georger, of No. 246 Washington street, opposite the post office, who, 
 besides being a prosperous business man, is a pleasant and obliging gentleman. The 
 trade will find it to their advantage to call and Inspect his large and valuable stock, 
 which embraces everything required for house, steamboat and sign painting and for 
 artists' use, including complete lines of Cornell's and Pittsburg white lead, Devoe's 
 tinted leads, pure linseed oil, varnishes and shellacs, spirits turpentine, naphtha, gasoline, 
 sperm, lard and lubricating oils, illuminating oil, dry colors, colors in oil and dibtemper[ 
 colors in japan, tube colors, glues, kalsomine, whiting, putty, window glass, polished 
 plate glass, brushes, sandpaper, and painters and artists' supplies generally. Mr. 
 Georger has been established for several years, and is making a fine reputation with, 
 the trade. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 131 
 
 McDonnell & sons, 
 
 Quarry Owners and Manufacturers of Monumental Statuary and Artistic 
 Memorials and Building Work— Works and Quarries at Quincy, Mass. ; 
 Branch Office and Yards, Nos. 858 and 860 Main St., Buffalo. 
 
 One of the best examples ever pre- 
 sented of what may be accomplislied by 
 pluck, industry and square methods is 
 found in the career of the above firm. 
 Patrick McDonnell, a wideawake young 
 Irishman, came to America at the age of 
 17 with a sovereign in his pocket, found 
 bia way to the, town of Quincy, Mass., and 
 entered the service of Thomas Drake, 
 stonecutter, as an apprentice. When his 
 time was out he steadily wrought as a 
 journeyman for his former master, until 
 he had accumulated a small capital, when 
 he purchased a partnership in the business 
 and became in his turn an employer. A 
 few years later he found himself sole proprietor of a flourishing granite works, and has 
 had the satisfaction of seeing it expand into one of the most extensive, valuable and 
 profitable plants of the kind in the United States. His two sons, Thomas H. and 
 J. Q., he carefully trained to the same vocation, and at this time their quarries in all 
 cover thirty acres of the best granite ground in Massachusetts, fifteen acres of which 
 belong to the father and fifteen to the sons. Besides the quarries the equipment of 
 steam engines, drills and other appropriate machinery for operating them is very com- 
 plete and efEective, and some of it, specially constructed for the use of the firm, quite 
 costly, yet necessary, since McDonnell & Sons, in addition to their monumfent interests, 
 do more in finished and building granite than any other Quincy house. One of their 
 derricks alone is capable of removing a hundred-ton block at a single lift, and 30,000 
 feet of lumber is annually consumed in boxing goods for shipment. Some 150 hands 
 are employed, and it takes $6,000 a month to pay for labor at the quarries and yards. 
 A strong force of blacksmiths is required to keep the tools in order. 
 
 The very noticeable advance in public and private taste, developed during the past 
 few years in Buffalo, induced the firm to open a branch oflSce and works at Nos. 858 and 
 860 Main street, in August of 1884, and it is safe to say that the venture has proved a 
 successful one. The premises are 50 feet front by 100 feet deep, and are stocked with 
 a splendid exhibit of fine monumental work, the office itself, with its beautiful and 
 
 elaborate polished Quincy granite front, being the handsomest in the United States a 
 
 recognized work of art that attracts the attention of every passer-by and excites ad- 
 miring comment from all. Our cut gives a fair notion of its appearance. 
 
 Among the more conspicuous examples of McDonnell & Sons' work in this vicinity 
 may be mentioned the magnificent canopy at Forest Lawn cemetery, which cost .$20,000, 
 the Michael monument, and others of greater or less note. 
 
 The C. W. Mackey family monument at the Franklin (Pa.) cemetery is a superb 
 
 work, completed last September. The Franklin Newa says of it : " This monument 
 
 the work of McDonnell & Sons — stands conspicuous among the elegant works in that 
 beautiful spot, for the harmony of its proportions and the elegance of its workmanship. 
 It is of Quincy granite, polisUed throughout abo.ve the bottom base, its surface having 
 that perfect and flinty glaze which only Quincy granite takes on. The base is 6 feet 
 feet square ; the die is 3 feet at its base and 3 feet 7 inches high, and is capped with an 
 artistic design that greatly adds to the completeness of the work ; the solid shaft is 
 about 15 feet in length, and the entire height of the monument to the pyramidal apex 
 about 38 feet." 
 
 The Seventy-seventh Regiment monument at Saratoga, the Shoemaker monument 
 Spring Grove cemetery, Cincinnati, and hundreds of other striking specimens of their 
 handiwork on a large scale, might also be referred to did space permit. 
 
 The house was established in 1857. The elder Mr. McDonnell has retired from 
 active business, Mr. Thomas H. McDonnell directing operations at Quincy, while John 
 Q. has charge of the Buffalo branch. A magnificent line of fine monuments and head- 
 stones, from novel and original designs, are constantly kept in stock, and challenge the 
 visitor's admiration. 
 
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122 
 
 THE INBUSTRIES OF BUFFALO, 
 
 BUFFALO'S LEADING CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 (See Opposite Page.) 
 
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THE INDUSTBIEa OF BUFFALO. 133 
 
 ALTMAN & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers, Jobbers aud Retailers of Men's, Boys' and Youths' Clothing 
 and Furnishing Goods— Nos. 68, 70 and 72 Seneca St., Corner of Ellicott. 
 
 This house, established in 1854, is the most extensive of the kind in Buffalo. It 
 occupies an immense five-story building with basement, 72 feet front by 120 feet deep, 
 employs 1,500 cutters, clerks, salesmen and operatives the year round, and transacts an 
 annual business exceeding $1,000,000. The members of the firm are Isaac, Julius and 
 Henry Altman and D. Rosenau. The Altman brothers were born in Rochester, came to 
 Buffalo in 1857, and have devoted their entire lives, since leaving school, to this branch 
 of trade. Mr. Rosenau is of German birth, emigrated to this city in 1859, and has ever 
 since been engaged in the manufacture and sale of clothing. It will thus be seen that 
 all of the partners are experienced and successful men, and when it is added that by 
 dint of industry and enterprise they have extended their trade to every State and Ter- 
 ritory, East, West and South, the reader will readily perceive that they possess ability 
 and energy in no small degree. 
 
 Messrs. Altman & Co. are heavy importers and jobbers of every description of 
 cloths, cassimeres and tailors' trimmings, wholesale manufacturers and retailers of men's, 
 boys' and youths' clothing suitable for all seasons and latitudes. They have extra- 
 ordinary facilities in every department, having capable, wide-awake buyers in all the 
 leading European and American markets wlio promptly avail themselves of every favor- 
 able opportunity to purchase and forward the latest novelties as well as standard goods, 
 which the house bere is enabled to offer the trade at the earliest possible moment, 
 either uncut or made up in latest styles. The stock of superior suitings, dress goods, 
 trimmings, etc., is always kept very full and of the best selections, while the trade in 
 ready-made clothing will find here everything desirable, from the finest to the coarsest, 
 at the lowest possible prices and made in the best manner. 
 
 B. F. GENTSCH & SONS, 
 
 Manufacturers of French and German ftlustards— Pickle Packers — "Whole- 
 sale Dealers in Cider, "White "Wine and Cider "Vinegars, Chow Chow, 
 Mixed Pickles, etc.— Nos. 329 and 331 Broadway, 232 and 234 Walnut St. 
 
 Whether it be an evidence of refinement or a mere perversion of taste, it is, never- 
 theless, a fact that the civilized palate craves stimulants in the form of condiments and 
 acids, as is proven by the immense consumption of mustard, pepper, vinegar, etc., by 
 the most advanced nations as compared with barbarous peoples. In any event, the 
 average mortal has a hankering, more or less strong, for the things mentioned, and 
 would seriously object to being deprived of them altogether ; consequently, the manu- 
 facturer of vinegar, pickles, mustard, ketchup, and other sharpeners of the appetite, is 
 in no immediate danger of bankruptcy and the almshouse, provided his goods are pure, 
 sound and wholesome. 
 
 The most prominent house in Buffalo devoted to this branch of industry is that of B. 
 F. Qentsch & Sons, Nos. 329 and 331 Broadway and 232 and 234 Walnut street, founded 
 in 1847 by C. R. Mennig. Mr. Gentsch, senior, purchased the plant, in connection with 
 his Ijrother, in 1859, and thus continued and enlarged its operations and facilities until 
 January 1, 1885, when his two sons were admitted. Two buildings are required to 
 accommodate the manufacturing, storage and shipping requirements — the one at Nos. 
 339 and 331 Broadway being two stories in front and three in the rear, 53 feet front by 
 100 feet deep ; the other, at Nos. 332 and 284 Walnut street, two stories in front and 
 three stories in rear, 30 feet front by 112 feet deep. The equipment of machinery and 
 appliances is complete in every department. Seven workmen and boys are employed, 
 and the output averages in value $40,000 a year, embracing full lines of superior 
 French and German mustards, pickles, cider, white wine and cider vinegar, chow chow, 
 mixed pickles, and other varieties of appetizers and condiments, all of which are popu- 
 lar with the trade and the public of Buffalo and vicinity. 
 
 Mr. B. F. Gentsch was born in Saxony in 1835, and landed in Buffalo with a capital 
 of $4 in 1854. Industry, economy and thrift did for him what they have done for 
 many others, and he is a prosperous, genial and popular citizen. He was elected to the 
 General Assembly in 1879, served creditably, and abandoned politics at the end of his 
 term. He was a volunteer fireman, and is a member of the Exempts. The eldest son 
 is 26, the youngest 33, and ^/§ff/^^^)PJ|^^Pg^5^^ business men. 
 
124 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 ^^J^r^^ 
 
 i^^A^iu^c^:::/^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 The mercliant tailoring interest of Buffalo is on a plane witli what might be looked 
 for in a city that is rapidly assuming metropolitan proportions. Among the firms 
 engaged in the business that have contributed toward elevating the tastes of the gentle- 
 men of Buffalo to a proper appreciation of what constitutes the correct thing in wearing 
 apparel, may be mentioned the firm of Laird & Co. Mr. S. E. Laird is an artist, as the 
 term is applied to proper outfitting in the best styles of suitings. Having been engaged in 
 the business since he was a boy, and prior to going into business on his own account 
 having been associated with several of the best establishments in the country, it is not 
 overdrawing the situation to say that he is thoroughly posted in the different branches 
 of custom tailoring. To secure the best results in shapes requires a keen judgment as 
 to effect. This is where so many would-be representatives of the merchant tailoring 
 business are found deficient, because they adhere too much to the contour of ihe figure 
 and lose sight of the important fact that "the apparel oft proclaims the man." Mr. 
 Laird's business has developed to large proportions, running from $20,000 to $25,000 a 
 year. His display of goods is always complete and comprises the finest importations. 
 Prices are reasonable and perfect satisfaction is guaranteed in all cases. 
 
 BLISS BROTHERS, 
 
 Artistic Portrait and View Pliotograpliers — No. 368 Main St., Corner Eagle. 
 
 Twenty-eight years ago H. L. Bliss established himself here in the business of 
 photography, and in the course of time, by close application to his art in all its 
 branches, made for himself a reputation wide as the continent. Last spring, full of 
 years and honors, Mr. Bliss retired, leaving to his sons, A. C. and H. L. Bliss, the splen- 
 did business he had created with their assistance and the task of conferring upon their 
 names additional luster by achieving fresh triumphs in their chosen calling. That they 
 will succeed admits of no question. Trained under the eye of a master, in the most 
 exacting school of the art, these young men are fully capable of meeting every demand 
 upon their practical skill and technical knowledge, and of prosecuting investigation 
 and experiment and making new discoveries in the inexhaustible field of endeavor 
 which it presents. 
 
 Their gallery and operating rooms occupy the entire fourth floor of the handsome 
 building No. 368 Main street, southwest corner of Eagle, splendidly lighted, elegantly 
 fitted up, and provided with all the latest and best photographic apparatus and appli- 
 ances for the making of portraits in the best and most life-like style. This, however, 
 is the smallest portion of their business, their great specialty being the taking of views 
 and landscapes and photographs of machinery and manufactured goods, in which they 
 have no rivals. Some of their interior work — photographic views of leading business 
 house interiors — are the very acme of perfection and beauty, notably the " Palace of 
 Trade " interior, taken by electric light, with all the startling effects of that kind of 
 illumination brought out with dazzling brilliancy. Their studio and gallery form a 
 perfect exhibition of fine views, prominent among which are many of Buffalo's most 
 noted buildings, the fine bridges of the Erie, New York Central, Lake Shore and 
 other railroads. Their photographs of machinery of all kinds are also of the highest 
 
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TSE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 135 
 
 HAL L & S ONS. 
 
 Manufacturers of Fire Brick and Pressed and Common Building Brick, 
 and Dealers in Architectural Terra Cotta, Fire Clay, Kaolin, etc.— Offtce, 
 Room 58 Cbapin Block. 
 
 The utilization of fire-clay has proved one 
 of the most useful of discoveries, since from 
 its heat-resisting, element-defying properties, 
 when properly prepared, it has made possible 
 many mechanical and scientific processes that 
 without its aid could never have been at- 
 tempted, and not a few of the ordinary indus- 
 trial appliances of our time — the crucible, the 
 retort, fire-proof furnace lining, etc. — would 
 hav3 been unknown. It is not, therefore, too 
 much to say, that fire-clay and its products 
 are indispensable factors in the prosecution of 
 those arts and industries that form the crown- 
 ing glory of the nineteenth century. 
 One of the most conspicuous houses in the world engaged in the mining and 
 manipulation of fire clay is that of Hall & Sons, who, in 1881, succeeded to A. Hall & 
 Sons, established at Perth Amboy, N. J., in 1846. Mr. Edward J. Hall is now at the 
 head of the Buffalo business, with principal works at Black Rock and main office in 
 room 58 Chapin block, this city, where he will be found during business hours, prepared 
 to exhibit samples and take orders for the products of his establishment. 
 
 The works at Black Rock embrace some four acres of land, upon which have been 
 erected two commodious brick buildings respectively .50 by 180 and 50 by 130 feet in 
 area, two extensive kilns, and a large shed for storage purposes. A complete plant of 
 all requisite machinery also forms an important portion of the outfit, which is one of 
 the most valuable of the kind in existence, employing about thirty men and putting on 
 the marliet $50,000 worth of finished goods per annum, embracing every description, 
 size, shape and grade of fire brick, and including all kinds of tile, retort settings, etc., 
 for gas works ; charcoal furnace linings and boshes ; glass works furnace brick ; stove 
 brick, for 200 different stoves; eighty sizes of square tile, from 4 inches to 4 feet in 
 length ; fifteen kinds of locomotive brick ; Strong's and Dodge's patent grate settings : 
 all ordinary grate settings; Johnson's patent furnace doors; blocks for door arches and 
 jambs ; fire brick grates ; feed pots, etc., for burning wet tan bark ; lime kiln arches, piers 
 and linings ; twelve-inch tile for bakers' ovens, etc., etc. All furnace bricks are pressed 
 on the edges to secure uniform thickness. Bloclis from twelve to twenty -four inches in 
 length are made to order, as are odd shapes — a specialty of this house. With forty 
 years' experience, unlimited supplies of best quality New Jersey and Pennsylvania fire- 
 clay, and complete facilities, the firm can manufacture any desired shape in the best 
 manner and at short notice. 
 
 Hall & Sons are also agents for the renowned Perth Amboy terra cotta works at 
 Perth Amboy, N. J., and are prepared to fill orders for every description of work in that 
 line. Illustrated catalogues furnished on application. Fire-clay, fire mortar, ground 
 brick, fire sand, kaolin, etc., furnished by the barrel, ton or cargo. 
 
 MARS DEN D AVEY, 
 
 Surveyor and Engineer — Room 11 Austin Building, Franklin cor. Fagle Sts. 
 For more than twenty-one years Mr. Davey has been established here in his profes- 
 sion, and has attained an eminence to which few can pretend. His first important 
 worlc here was the surveying and laying out of Forest Lawn Cemetery at the instance 
 of the trustees, by whom he was appointed engineer of that lovely city of the dead, a 
 position which he held for a period of fourteen years. He next surveyed the driving 
 park, and afterward the city park and State Asylum grounds, and has since done much 
 local surveying for the city, for associations and for individuals. He was also chief 
 engineer of the Buffalo Creek railroad for ten years, and has held the same position with 
 the Street Railroad Company for fourteen years last past. He was also chief engineer 
 for the Buffalo division of the Lehigh Valley railroad, and a member of the board of 
 directors of the same road. It will thus be seen that Mr. Davey is a civil engineer 
 of rare attainments and ability, and one whose services are in request in works where 
 a high order of skill is indispensable. He is prepared to attend calls at home or from 
 a distance, and to render satisfaction in every instance. 
 
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126 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 THE PITTS AGRICULTURAL WORKS. 
 
 M. A. Brayley, President; Carleton Sprague, Vice-President; Thomas Sully, 
 Secretary and Treasurer— Manufacturers of Buffalo Pitts Threshing Ma- 
 chinery, Portable, Traction and Straw-Burning Engines, etc.— Estab- 
 lished 1851 ; Incorporated 1877. 
 
 Of all the industries, past and present, that have combined to render the " Queen 
 City of the Lakes" famous throughout Christendom, probably no single one has con- 
 tributed BO much to that result as the Pitts Agricultural Works. Established on a 
 small scale in 1851— thirty-six years ago — by John A. Pitts, the inventor of the apron 
 thresher, which then and for many years after was operated by horse-power exclusively, 
 these works have developed gradually, but certainly, advanced in facilities and volume 
 of products, as well as in improvements on their threshers and the devising of means for 
 the application of steam power as a motor for agricultural machinery, until they 
 now occupy a leading position and stand a head and shoulders above all competitors. 
 
 Mr. John A. Pitts died July 1, 1859, and was succeeded by his son, Mr. John B. Pitts, 
 and his son-in-law, Mr. James Brayley, under the style of Brayley & Pitts. These gen- 
 tlemen conducted the works with marked success, extending their trade, enlarging their 
 plant and adding improvements to their machines, until 1877, when the concern was 
 incorporated as the Pitts Agricultural Works ; capital, $300,000. The new company 
 at once started out upon a career of brilliant triumphs that rapidly spread its repu- 
 tation abroad, and was already introducing its machinery in foreign lands, when, in 
 July, 1879, the entire establishment, with all of its valuable plant of machinery, pat- 
 terns, tools and appurtenances, was burned to the ground. 
 
 Almost before the ruins had begun to cool the work of reconstruction began, 
 and in an astonishingly brief space of time the works were rebuilt, better than 
 ever and more perfectly equipped for the prosecution of operations in all departments, 
 so that on February 1, 1880, they were in full operation again. As they now stand they 
 cover four acres of ground and include one of the most extensive plants, embracing 
 foundry, blacksmith, machine, wood-working, engine and paint shops, controlled by 
 any similar company in the country. It would be diflBcult to state the full capacity of 
 the works or the value of their annual output. SuflBce it to say that, in addition to the 
 vast plant of improved machinery, they furnish steady employment for over 300 
 mechanics of various kinds, and have turned out, in a single year, 800 threshers and 300 
 engines, which were shipped to dealers and farmers upon orders. The trade of the 
 house extends wherever the march of improvement has invaded or progress has planted 
 its banner, and the Pitts engine and thresher are heard all over the United States, in 
 South America, in Australia, in Mexico, in Italy, Spain and Africa. Especially are they 
 popular among the boundless wheat fields of the Northwest — in Dakota, Washington 
 Territory, Oregon and California. Oliver Dalrymple, the renowned Dakota wheat- 
 grower, owns and operates some forty-two of the Pitts threshers, and his estimate of 
 them is contained in a note to the manufacturers of January 13, 1886, in which he says : 
 "The ten large California threshers that I purchased from you this season, as well as 
 the threshing engines, did good work and gave me satisfaction." 
 
 The Pitts Agricultural Works build a variety of traction engines of the highest 
 grade. They also build several patterns of portable and semi-portable engines for 
 farm work, light saw and grist milling, etc. In all of these engines the leading idea has 
 been economy of fuel and space, combined with great power, and it would appear that 
 the problem has been satisfactorily solved. These engines are constructed as desired to 
 burn coal, wood or straw, or coal and wood, wood and straw, or all together, by simply 
 changing grates. They generate steam rapidly, furnish all the power required, and are 
 safe, cheap, strong and handsome. 
 
 We have not space here for a detailed description of either the engines or the thresh- 
 ers manufactured by this company We may safely say, however, that they are unap- 
 proachable for simplicity, durability, neatness, capacity for good work, and cheapness. 
 Large farmers and the trade should send to the company here for illustrated catalogues 
 containing full information concerning these wonderfully effective and successful 
 machines, which are doing so much to develop the new Northwest and the vast grain 
 regions of this and other continents. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OE BUEEALO. 
 
 127 
 
 LAKE VIEW BREWING COMPANY. 
 
 George Saudrock, President; John Bachert, Vice-President; Henry W. 
 Brendel, Secretary ; Timothy J. Mahoney, Treasurer — Brewers of Spart- 
 ling, Delicious, Healthy Lager Beer— Lake View and Porter Aves. 
 
 The above-named 
 great brewing and 
 maltiDg company 
 was chartered un- 
 der the laws of 
 New York June 34, 
 1885, and is, conse- 
 quently, now in the 
 second year of a re- 
 markably success- 
 ful career. The 
 authorized capital 
 is $150,000, in 
 shares of fifty dol- 
 lars each, and the 
 board of directors 
 is composed of 
 Messrs. George 
 Sandrock, Alois 
 Schaefer, Henry 
 W. Brendel, Tim- 
 othy J. Mahoney, 
 John Basher, James Boland, William Drennen, George Irr and Frank C. Longnecker. 
 The oflBcers are named above. 
 
 The Lake View Brewing Company's plant, illustrated herewith, is a very valuable 
 one, embracing, with malt-house, brewery, yards, etc., three-quarters of an acre of 
 ground, desirably located, convenient to the canals, and commanding a superb -view of 
 lake, river and Canada shore. The malt-house is three and a-half stories in height, the 
 brewery two and a-half stories, with immense cellars, and all of the handsomest and 
 most substantial description, erected expresssly for the purpose from the designs and 
 plans of a competent architect, and fir^t occupied by the original proprietor, Alois 
 Schaefer, in October, 1881. The capacity of the establishment is 20,000 barrels per 
 annum, the leading specialty being their own celebrated " Sparkling Lager." Twenty 
 men are regularly employed, $200 per week is disbursed in wages, and the value of the 
 annual output is stated at $150,000, all of which is eagerly sought by and sold to local 
 dealers and the trade of Northern and Western New York and Pennsylvania. 
 
 The personnel of the company is of the best, all active and responsible business men. 
 
 GEORGE ELSHEIMER, 
 
 The Modern Sign Painter— Signs, Store Shades, Banners, Show Cards, Flags — 
 
 No. 360 Main St. 
 
 In none of the useful arts has there been greater progress of late years than in nign 
 painting, which is no longer a mere mechanical trade but has advanced to the rank of 
 an art. One of the most accomplished and progressive designers and painters of artistic 
 signs with whom we have ever come in contact is Mr. George Elsheimer, whose studio 
 and workshop are located at No. 360 Main street, Kremlin block. His handiwork may be 
 seen all over the city, and stamps him a master of his calling. Signs, of course, are his 
 leading specialty, but he gives strict attention to all orders in his line, embracing 
 banners, flags, store shades, show cards, and every description of fine lettering and color 
 work. He is very popular with the mercantile community particularly, and his services 
 in constant request by those who require the beat possible work. His orders are chiefly 
 from the Buffalo public, but he does many fine and tasteful jobs for parties at a 
 distance, his fame having extended throughout this entire region. 
 
 Mr. E. is a native of this city, has had fifteen years' experience, and is thoroughly 
 up in sign and decorative painting. Those who secure his services can rely upon first- 
 class work and no shirking of details. 
 
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128 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 AMERICAN PALACE STEAM LAUNDRY. 
 
 SKINNER & GODFREY, Proprietors. (See opposite page.) 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 129 
 
 AMERICAN PALACE STEAM LAUNDRY 
 
 NDl 
 
 H. J. Skinner and L. AV. Godft-ey, the Wonderful New Process Steam Lauu- 
 derers— "Works, Nos. 238 to 254 Fargo Ave. ; General Office, No. 306 
 Main St. 
 
 If there is a more extensive laundry in 
 existence tban the American Palace of Buf- 
 falo, the writer of this, with a wide experi- 
 ence and accurate knowledge of leading 
 cities, has failed to discover it ; at any rate 
 there is not one more prosperous, famous, or 
 more deservedly popular. It was estab- 
 lished in 1883 by its present proprietors, 
 Messrs. Skinner & Godfrey, who had for 
 some five years owned and operated the 
 American Steam Laundry of Bradford, Pa. — an institution which they continue to con- 
 duct on the same liberal principles that distinguish their management of the principal 
 establishment here, and which at this time requires a fine two-story brick building 132 
 feet front and 300 feet deep for its accommodation. Besides nearly 100 skilled opera- 
 tives, a valuable plant of novel and improved special machinery — invented and patented 
 by the members of the firm — vastly increases the capacity of the works for doing large 
 quantities of laundry work of every description at the shortest notice and in the best 
 possible style, without inj ury to fabrics or loss of goods — an exasperating incident of 
 patronizing some laundries conducted on the slam-bang, slipshod, hit-or-miss plan of 
 guesswork and irresponsibility. Among the machinery upon which the firm pride 
 themselves may be mentioned seven washers of their own inventioti, each designed for 
 a distinct class of work, and which they perform perfectly, and known as the " New 
 Process," " Wheel Washer" and " Stem- Winder," besides four others of standard make 
 and approved model, together with a variety of ironing, starching, coUar-and-cufE-turn- 
 ing and dampening machines. A neat, twenty-five-horse-power engine operates all of 
 these and some other machines and an elevator for conveying operatives and work 
 between the floors. The mechanical appliances alone are valued at $20,000. In point 
 of fact, the purifying, starching and ironing of linen has by this firm been reduced to a 
 science, both as regards dispatch and perfection, and they find their reward in the 
 immense patronage bestowed upon them by the hotels, sleeping-car, dining-car and 
 steamboat companies and thousands of private families of Buffalo and surrounding 
 cities and towns within a radius of 100 miles. As an indication of their local patron- 
 age it may be stated here that they require two telephones — 733 A and 732 — and seven 
 delivery wagons for the accommodation of city customers alone. While they give 
 careful attention to every description of laundry work, their specialties are fine shirts, 
 collars, cuffs., lace curtains and fluting. The firm do an average business of $75,000 a 
 year, and are constantly increasing it. 
 
 Mr. Skinner is a native of Attica, N. Y., born in 1831. He has served nine years as 
 first and second lieutenant of the 61st and 67th N. G. S. N. Y., going to Gettysburg in 
 1863 with his regiment, but arriving too late to participate in the perils and glory of 
 that historic field. He still exhibits with some pardonable pride commissions signed by 
 Washington Hunt and E. D. Morganl He also served two years in the Dunkirk City 
 Council. From 1872 to 1876 he engaged in railroad building in Texas, where he was 
 very successful until overtaken by disease and disaster. He is a Mason, Odd Fellow 
 and Son of Temperance. 
 
 Mr. Godfrey was born in 1389, in Wyoming county. He entered the service of the 
 Erie as an engine-wiper, rose to the rank of conductor, served eleven years in that 
 capacity on that road and one year on the Union Pacific. He then built the first shut- 
 tered house in Saunders county, Nebraska, farmed there for fours years, then came to 
 Bradford, Pa., and joined Mr. Skinner in the laundry business. He is an Odd Fellow. 
 
 The citizens of Buffalo and strangers within the city's gates may be fairly congratu- 
 lated' upon having in the American Palace Steam Laundry such ample and excellent 
 facilities for procuring the best possible work in that line. Guests of hotels, families 
 in the city and suburbs, and all others who appreciate the luxury of clean and well- 
 prepared linen, either for wear or for their beds, the workmanlike and skillful laundry- 
 ing of laces of every description, promptitude, neatness and moderate charges, will 
 find it to their interest in all ways to patronize Messrs. Skinner & Godfrey. 
 
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130 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 TROY LAUNDRY. 
 
 Mrs. Kate Pogarty, Proprietress— Hand "Work Exclusively— Nos. 36 and 38 
 East Eagle St., Near Washington. 
 
 The success achieved by 
 the energetic, thoroughgoing 
 proprietress of the above- 
 named popular laundry shows 
 what may be accomplished 
 by a wide-awake woman 
 when she is in earnest. Mrs. 
 Fogarty came to this country 
 from Stockport, Lancashire, 
 England, when but five years 
 old. Her parents, poor, but 
 industrious and respectable 
 people, were unable to pro- 
 vide for their davtghter fur- 
 ther than to give her a plain 
 common school education and 
 a good example, and while 
 still quite young she sought 
 and obtained employment in 
 one of Troy's great laundries, 
 where she soon became noted 
 for intelligence and capacity, 
 and was elected President of the Troy Collar Laundry Union, vehich office she retained 
 for five years, taking an active part in the strike of 1874. She then came to Buffalo, 
 where she has remained ever since, attending strictly to her business, and gradually 
 gaining the confidence and patronage of the public, and particularly of that class who 
 recognize and appreciate first-class laundry work. 
 
 At present Mrs. Fogarty occupies the entire three-story building, 46 by 60 feet, Nos. 
 36 and 38 East Eagle street, between Washington and EUicott streets, where she 
 employs some twenty-seven skillful laundresses, pays the best wages in the city for 
 that kind of work, and does an annual business of nearly $30,000. No machinery 
 whatever is used in the establishment, and consequently garments are done up in 
 superior style and without injury. The specialty, of course, to which greatest atten- 
 tion is given, is the laundrying of gentlemen's shirts, collars and cuffs, both for the 
 trade and for individual customers, though every description of men's washing is done 
 to order in the best manner and at short notice. 
 
 The Troy Laundry was established by Misses Malony (now Mrs. Fogartv) and Carll 
 in 1871, the former succeeding in 1875. Mrs. Fogarty has made the reputation of the 
 laundry, and well deserves the prosperity that has attended her efforts. 
 
 WILLIAM SCOTT, 
 
 Florist and Plant-Grower— Plants, Cut Flowers, Bulbs and Florists' Supplies 
 —Decorations for Weddings, Parties, etc., a Specialty— Green-houses 
 Corner Main and Balcom Sts. ; Store, No. 498 Main St. 
 
 The love of flowers is almost universal — an instinct implanted by an all-wise 
 Creator for the softening of our hearts and the opening of our spiritual eyes to the 
 beauties of the world He has given us for a temporal habitation. Flowers are the very 
 poetry of nature — the language whereby our tenderest sentiments are most fittingly 
 expressed ; hence no wedding or obsequies — those occasions which call out our deepest 
 emotions, of joy on the one hand, of grief on the other, — is complete without them. 
 The cultivation of flowers is one of the most delightful of employments, and he who 
 engages in it confers upon others, whose avocations prevent their doing bo, much of the 
 pleasure which he himself enjoys. 
 
 We are led into these reflections upon recurring to a recent visit and stroll through 
 the superb flower-gardens and conservatories of Mr. William Scott, at Main and 
 
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THE IND USTRIE8 OF B UFFALO. 
 
 131 
 
 Balcom streets. The grounds embrace an acre and a half, one-Ualf of whicli is covered 
 with tasteful one-story buildings, roofed with glass, and provided with every necessary 
 appliance, including apparatus for heating by steam during the cold months. The 
 wiiole place is a bower of beauty — the outdoor garden a wilderness of bloom and 
 greenery, while the conservatory and hot-houses present a veritable scene from the 
 " Arabian Nights" — a treasure-house of rare, curious and gorgeous tropical and semi- 
 tropical plants and blossoms. It would be diiRcult to name any ornamental member of 
 the vegetable kingdom worthy of a place and capable of cultivation in garden or 
 conservatory that may not be found here. 
 
 Mr. Scott's tastefully-arranged and popular floral bazar at No. 498 Main street is 
 Buffalo headquarters for cut flowers, floral designs of every description and for all 
 occasions, where at all times will be found ample supplies of flowering and ornamental 
 plants for parlor, window and terrace. 
 
 Mr. Scott came from Hampshire, England, to Buffalo in 1870, at the age of 26. 
 Bprn and bred in one of the largest and most carefully-kept gardens in the South of 
 England, with an inherited love for flowers, he naturally turned his attention to the 
 calling in which he has accomplished so much. Without capital or influential friends 
 he went to work, with the result we have seen. His garden and improvements are 
 easily worth $30,000, and he sells annually-increasing quantities of flowers, shrubs, 
 bulbs, florists' supplies, etc., his business for last year reaching $11,000. 
 
 CHARLES RICHARDSON, 
 
 "Wholesale Fruits and Produce Commission — Nos. 
 
 St.— Established 1876. 
 
 58 and 60 "West Market 
 
 The splendid establishment and flourishing 
 business of Mv. Charles Richardson, Nos. 58 and 
 60 West Market street, are a fitting monument to 
 his energy, industry, strict attention to the wants 
 of the public and upright dealing. Mr. Richard- 
 son, a native of Birmingham, England, has resided 
 here nearly or quite twenty years, fourteen of 
 which have been devoted to building up, from a 
 small beginning in Washington market, the most 
 extensive wholesale fruit and produce house in 
 the city. His example is well worthy of emulation 
 by the thousands of listless and shiftless young 
 men who complain of chronic penury and lack 
 of employment, and who might. — however, they 
 wouldn't take advice if we were never so generous 
 with it. 
 
 As intimated, Mr. Richardson's business is 
 the most extensive of the kind in Buffalo, 
 aggregating over $200,000 for the past year and 
 still growing. He commenced a few doors from 
 his present location in 1876, two years later occu- 
 pying No. 58 West Market street. Enlarging his 
 operations as his trade increased, he afterward 
 took No. 60 adjoining, and now requires the full 
 capacity of the two stores, which together make a frontage of about 50 feet by 100 feet 
 deep. His facilities for the receipt and handling of all kinds of fruits and produce 
 generally are unsurpassed. He is by far the largest receiver in the fruit and produce 
 business here, and seems to have the faculty of disposing of vast quantities. He em- 
 ploys good men, and runs his business with thorough system. Each and every 
 salesman seems fully to understand his position or branch of the business. Mr. R. 
 handles largely in car lots foreign and domestic fruits and vegetables in their season, 
 and is also a large receiver of eggs, butter, game and poultry, this department being 
 handled exclusively by itself and by one salesman. 
 
 Mr. Richardson employs from ten to twelve men the season through, and has an 
 excellent trade both local and with adjoining towns. Well known in his line of busi- 
 ness, east, west, north and south, he enjoys an excellent reputation and is worthy of all 
 respect as a thorough practical business man. 
 
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133 
 
 THE INBUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 W. H. SMITH & CO., 
 
 Proprietors Cutler's Patent Pocket Inhaler and Carbolate of Iodine Inhal- 
 ant, for Catarrh, Bronchitis, Asthma, Hoarseness and All Diseases of the 
 Throat and Ijungs — No. 410 Michigan St. 
 
 Diseases of the lungs, 
 throat and air passages 
 are so common among 
 Americans as to have 
 long ceased to be a mat- 
 ter of wonder, and it is a 
 rare circumstance, more 
 especially in this lati- 
 tude, to find a man or 
 woman unaffected by 
 any of these complaints. 
 Two or three hundred 
 years of constant failure 
 to cure this class of 
 troubles by loading the stomach with nasty compounds, cod liver oil and tar, finally 
 led to experiments with treatment by inhalations, the natural and rational method of 
 reaching the afflicted organs, and further research developed the fact that all infectious 
 diseases are spread by parasites (bacteria) so minute as for a long time to have escaped 
 detection even by the microscope. Putting these facts together, Mr. W. H. Cutler, a 
 well-known Buffalo lawyer, set himself to the task of finding the best remedy for the 
 diseases referred to, and the best preventive of contagion, and later to devising the 
 best, surest and most convenient means of administering the medicine. The results we 
 have in Cutler's Carbolate of Iodine Inhalant and Cutler's Pocket Inhaler, manufac- 
 tured by Messrs. W. H. Smith & Co., No. 410 Michigan street, Buffalo. 
 
 Full instructions are given to show the manner of charging the inhaler, full direc- 
 tions accompanying each instrument. 
 
 It is confidently claimed — and the claim is substantiated by the indorsement of 
 many eminent physicians as well as thousands of testimonials from those who have 
 been relieved and cured — that carbolate of iodine, as administered through Cutler's 
 pocket inhaler, will positively cure any curable case of catarrh, bronchitis, hay fever, 
 sore throat and hoarseness, asthma, and bad breath produced by those causes, and will 
 invariably prevent the transmission of infectious diseases, such as small-pox . yellow 
 fever, cholera, etc. Of those who have publicly testified to these facts and the incal- 
 culable value of Mr. Cutler's invention, we are permitted to mention Dr. W. Kempster, 
 physician and surgeon to the State lunatic asylum at Auburn ; Dr. R. H. Bakewell, health 
 officer of Trinidad; W. D. Blain, M. D., Chicago; Lafayette Bingham, M. D., Corning, 
 N. Y. ; Dr. William R. Ford, deceased, Albany, N. Y. ; William F. Clianning, M. D., 
 Providence, R. I.; A. F. Worthington & Co., druggists, Cincinnati, O. ; Dr. Andrew 
 Nest, New Albany, Ind. ; Dr. J. A. Nattrass, Springfield, Mo.; Dr. J. R. McCarty, 
 Ridgeway, Ont., and hundreds of other prominent people at a distance, besides such 
 conspicuous Buffalonians as Dr. George Hadley, late professor of chemistry and 
 pharmacy in the University of Buffalo; H. T.Appleby, pharmaceutist and chemist; 
 Dr. L. P. Dayton, Hon. Nelson K. Hopkins, Hon. D, N. Lockwood, Rev. Dr. H. Muller, 
 Rev. Mrs. S. M. Paddock, W. L. Q. Smith, deceased; F. Kendall, and many others. After 
 careful examination of Cutler's inhaler. Prof. Hadley wrote : 
 
 The material of which it is constructed, viz., filtering paper, which is pure vegetable 
 fibre, readily absorbs all liquids, and is at the same time least affected by chemical 
 re-agents of all organic substances. It is especially more enduring and unchangeable 
 than nitrogenous bodies of animal origin, such as hair, wool, silk, sponge, etc. 
 
 1st. The paper tubes insure in every instrument the same definite and constant 
 supply of air, which no accident can either lessen or cut off. No filling with loose 
 cotton, sponge, etc., can possibly secure the same supply of air in different instruments, 
 or even in the same instrument, when the fluid it contains varies in quantity. 
 
 2d. With a given liquid, the temperature remaining constant, the quantity of vapor 
 exhaled is exactly proportioned to the surface presented to the air ; every instrument 
 will therefore yield the same amount of vapor, when charged with the same volatile body. 
 3d. If necessary for substances of different volatility or medicinal activity, the 
 proportion of vapor may be regulated by changing the length of the bundle of tubes, 
 or by varying the diameter of the tubelets. 
 
 4th. In my opinion, ''^^^IMtf^SSF&^^fbYd^^W^^ ^°^ ^® mixed for purposes of 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 133 
 
 dilution with inert substances of different volatility from themselves, for the reason 
 that the amount of vapor evolved from such mixture will vary with the progress of 
 the inhalation, in an increasing or diminishing ratio, according to the volatility of the 
 diluent; whereas, if but a single substance, with a constant boiling point, and conse- 
 quently uniform rate of evaporation, is employed, as long as the paper tubes are 
 tolerably well saturated, the evaporation will take place at an equal rate during 
 the whole progress of inhalation. 
 
 On the whole, this inhaler seems to me to accomplish its purposes by novel, yet by 
 the most simple and effectual means, to be philosophical in conception, and well carried 
 out in the execution. George Hadley. 
 
 It supersedes all other inhaling tubes and contrivances. It is equally adapted to the 
 mouth and the nostrils. No steam required- — no blowing necessary. The great obstacle 
 to successful treatment by inhalants, that the bottles and apparatus are complicated and 
 inconvenient, is by this curious little instrument entirely overcome. Made of deodor- 
 ized hard ruljber, it may be carried in the pocket as handily as a pen-knife or a button- 
 hook. No danger of breaking or spilling; always ready, and may be used with the 
 same ease and facility as a cigarette, or a lady's smelling l)ottle. 
 
 The superior advantages claimed for it are : 
 
 1st. Its cheapness, simplicity and durability. 
 
 2d. It admits of the use of all volatile fluids, even the most concentrated. 
 
 3d. It has a certain and unchanging area of exhaling surface. 
 
 4th. A definite supply of air which is in no danger of being varied. 
 
 5th. It insures an equal rate of evaporation during inhalation. 
 
 6th. It is as efficient in the hands of a novice as the adept — a child may use it. 
 
 DE LANEY FORG E AND IRON COMPANY. 
 
 C. A. De Laney, John Slote, James Howard — Manufacturers of Liight and 
 Heavy Forglngs, Car Axles and Hammered Shapes of Every Description 
 fronx Wrought Iron or Siemens-Martin Steel— No. 300 Perry St. 
 
 Established in 1850 — thirty-six years ago — the De Laney Forge and Iron Company is 
 still in the front rank of Buffalo's industrial enterprises, a mammoth manufacturing con- 
 cern, with few peers on the continent, either in extent, variety or excellence of its peculiar 
 products. These embrace many specialties, among them forged and finished iron and 
 steel work, marine and stationary engines, railroad engines and car forgings, Siemens- 
 Martin and Bessemer steel forgings, oil engine cranks, oil tool forgings, and the best 
 quality of hammered car axles. A detailed description of these great works would 
 perhaps weary the reader, but we cannot forbear passing mention of the fact that the 
 equipment of machinery is vast and complete, embracing everything desirable, from 
 the smallest drill up to the tremendous steam hammers, and one immense lathe, seventy 
 feet long, capable of finishing the largest and heaviest shafts. 
 
 The De Laney Forge and Iron Works are constantly under the personal supervision 
 of practical men, and nothing is permitted to leave the establishment until thoroughly 
 tested and approved. The ship^dc,^ f aj^ht^^^^^^ail and water, are excellent. 
 
134 
 
 THE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN ERNE WEIN, 
 
 Manufacturer of Center Tables in All Styles— Nos. 223, 225 and 227 Mor- 
 timer St., corner Matthews. 
 
 This now prosperous con- 
 cern was established by Erne- 
 wein & Ritter in 1879, Mr. 
 Ritter dying the same year. 
 The factory occupies a com- 
 modious three-Btoiy brick 
 building, 40 by 75 feet, to 
 which is attached a con- 
 venient two-story ware- 
 house, 23 by 40 feet, and 
 yards 88 by 135 feet, where 
 ample stocks of fine lumber 
 are stored and seasoned. 
 Some forty workmen find 
 steady employment in the 
 shops, and, with the assist- 
 ance of a fine plant of late 
 improved machinery, turn 
 out about $50,000 worth of 
 goods per annum, for wliich 
 a ready market is found all 
 over the United States. 
 
 The house makes a spe- 
 cialty of the manufacture 
 of fine and medium 
 marble-top and plain center- 
 tables from original designs, 
 many of which are exceed- 
 ingly rich and attractive. 
 None but the best selected 
 material is used, and the 
 workmanship and finish of 
 all these goods is equal to 
 any we have ever seen, 
 while the prices are remark- 
 ably low for this grade of 
 work. 
 
 Mr. Ernewein was born 
 at Eden, this county, com- 
 ing to Buffalo nearly thirty- 
 four years ago. He has 
 been in the cabinet-making business since his fifteenth year, and has a thorough 
 practical knowledge of all its details. Himself an industrious, enterprising man, who 
 enjoys the confidence of all who know him, he has the active aid of three fine sons 
 in his establishment, one of whom. John H., jr., has charge of the machinery depart- 
 ment, a most capable man for the place. Mr. E.'s trade grows steadily year by year, in 
 territory and volume, and his prospects are excellent indeed, his goods being popular 
 wherever introduced. 
 
 J. G. H AFFA'S SONS, 
 
 Importing Tailors— No. 14 West Sagle St. 
 Among the merchant tailors who left an enduring reputation for the superiority of 
 the work turned out in this city, was the late J. G. Haffa, whose death occurred during 
 the past year. He was among the pioneers in the business, and established a reputa- 
 tion that will undoubtedly be handed down through his sons for years to come. The 
 elder Mr. HafEa took a deep pride in being proficient in his calling, and counted among 
 Lis intimate friends the leading citizens of Buffalo. He was, for a number of years, 
 located at No. 325 Washington street. On March 1, 1886, his sons, George J. and Elias, 
 formed a partnership, the atfl^Z^ ij^iMmOi^S^d being J. G. Hafia's Sons, for 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 135 
 
 two years previous to which Mr. Q. J. Haffa was with his father as partner. They 
 removed to the present location, No. 14 West Eagle street, at that time, and fitted up 
 what is probably the finest establishment of the kind between New York and Chicago. 
 Both gentlemen have had the benefit of a thorough practical training in the busi- 
 ness, under the senior Mr. HafEa. They also studied the fine points of the business 
 during a period spent in New York city especially for that purpose, under one of the 
 leading metropolitan artists. Being thus successfully qualified for the profession, they 
 started in under the most favorable auspices in this city. Their establishment is stocked 
 with a splendid assortment of the finest imported woolens, and it goes without saying 
 that their work is artistic in the strict sense of the word. Both the Messrs. Haffa are 
 courteous, painstaking gentlemen, and their success is assured. 
 
 METZ, B ARK & MEYER, 
 
 Successors to Weller, Brown & Mesmer— Manufacturers of Interior Hard- 
 wood Finish and Fine Furniture— Office and Factory, Nos. 292 to 308 
 Elm St. 
 
 ^-^w^ 
 
 He 
 
 This is one of those old- 
 established industries,rightly 
 regarded as pioneers, which 
 aided in laying broad and 
 deep the foundations of Buf- 
 falo's present greatness. It 
 was founded in 18 36 by 
 Messrs. Hersee and Zimmer- 
 man, passing through various 
 hands until 1884, when the 
 present firm took possession. 
 Mr. Metz is a native of 
 Buffalo, born in 1839, and has 
 always resided here. He is 
 an enterprising, thorough- 
 going, devoted business man, 
 who has never worried his 
 looks after the finances and commercial 
 
 brains over public display or oflSce. 
 concerns of the house. 
 
 Mr. Bark was born in Sweden in 1851. He is a graduate of the Berlin high school, 
 architectural department; emigrated to Buffalo in 1867, and entered the employ of 
 Weller, Brown & Mesmer, under Mr. Meyer, then superintendent, as designer, in which 
 work he soon distinguished himself, becoming first a stockholder, and later (in 1880), 
 a member of the firm. He has made artistic designing as applied to the mechanic arts 
 his life study, and probably there does not exist a more thorough master of his art, 
 besides which he is a superior business man. 
 
 Mr. Meyer emigrated to Buffalo from Hanover, Germany, in 1866. Already a finished 
 mechanic, he for several years devoted his time to mastering the methods in vogue 
 among American artisans. For eight months in 1870 he labored as a journeyman for 
 Weller, Brown & Mesmer, when, in recognition of his superior executive capacity, 
 knowledge and skill, he was made superintendent of the works. Ten years later, in 
 1880, he also, with Mr. Bark, was taken into the firm as a partner, retaining his interest 
 on the accession of the present house. 
 
 Mctz Bark & Meyer are renowned all over this country, and even in Europe, Mexico 
 and South America, for the beauty, appropriateness, elegance, originality and finish of 
 their interior hardwood decorations and general work, than which nothing finer or more 
 sumptuous is produced anywhere ; nor, indeed, does the house recognize many equals 
 in this specialty, particularly in the ornamentation of churches, masonic and other 
 halls hotels, banks, private residences, palace and dining-cars and elsewhere, demand- 
 ing the exercise of trained artistic taste combined with a high degree of mechanical 
 merit. 
 
 The works are illustrated above. They cover a space of 180 by 180 feet in area, with 
 handsome and substantial three and four-story buildings. The equipment of modern 
 machinery is complete and costly, much of it built expressly for the firm. From 160 
 to 180 skilled mechanics are employed, and last year's output exceeded $250,000 in 
 value-a figure which will ^^yf^^ igf ?|^g^oSoM'" *° ''^*'- 
 
136 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAMSVILLE QUICK LIME CO., 
 
 Dealers in Quick Lime, Cement, Stucco, etc.— Sole Proprietors ot the CeTe- 
 Ibrated Young's and Fogelsonger's Quarries— Office, Oor. Broadway and 
 Elm St. 
 
 Buffalo is noted for the superiority of the lime-stone products which are manu- 
 factured in the Immediate vicinity. As a distributing point for quick-lime, cement, 
 stucco, etc., she is unsurpassed ; the volume of material is large, and among the 
 important items that go to swell the rapidly-increasing returns each year. The leading 
 establishment in the business is the Williamsville Quick-Lime Co. It is composed of W. 
 Fogelsonger & Son and J. S. and P. H. Youngs. It was organized in 1871, and the office 
 and warehouses at the corner of Elm street and Broadway are very extensive. At 
 Williamsville, a very old suburb of the city, ten miles distant, the company owns and 
 operates a valuable body of quarry land to the extent of twenty acres. Six kilns are 
 almost constantly in full blast, and the product in quick lime and cut and building 
 stone is distributed throughout the western part of the State and Pennsylvania. The 
 annual business of the company amounts to $90,000, and the number of employes is 
 thirty-five. 
 
 Of the members of the firm, Mr. W. Fogelsonger is a native of the Keystone State, 
 but has resided in Erie county since the days of the early pioneers. His son Henry is 
 a native of this county, and has resided in Buffalo during the past eleven years. Mr. J. 
 S. Youngs is a native of Erie county, and has resided in Buffalo since 1872. He is a 
 civil engineer, and served a term as city engineer during 1880-81. At present he is 
 sanitary engineer of the city, and also chief engineer of the Buffalo & Williamsville 
 railroad. Mr. F. H. Youngs resides at the works, and is engaged in farming The 
 elder J. B. Youngs, father of the present, member of the firm, was one of the oldest 
 and best-known citizens of Erie county. He was born in what is now the town of 
 Lancaster, June 26, 1812, and always resided in this county. His occupation was that 
 of a farmer and manufacturer of lime. He was a great friend of workingmen, and 
 took a deep interest in the welfare of the poor. Politically Mr. Youngs was always an 
 active and consistent Republican. Among other otEces held by him was that of 
 Assemblyman and Supervisor. He was also one of the members of the original Board 
 of Commissioners for the erection of the City and County Hall. His death occurred 
 May 30, 1886, lamented by a wide circle of friends. 
 
 TIFFT FURNITURE CO., 
 
 Manufacturers and Dealers in Fine and Medium Furniture of All Kinds — 
 
 Nos. 477 and 479 "Washington St. 
 
 The furniture trade of Buffalo is very extensive, permeating not only the northern 
 and western half of New York, but even penetrating to many of the Western and 
 Southern States. Prominent among the furniture manufacturers of this city, and, in 
 fact, one of its leading establishments, is the renowned Tifft Furniture Company, 
 founded in 1871 by the late Geo. W. Tifft, who also originated the famous firm of Geo. 
 W. Tifft, Sons & Co., whose steam engine and boiler worlds is still one of Buffalo's most 
 noted and prosperous concerns, and is conducted by the same firm composing the TifiFt 
 Furniture Company, the individual members of wliich are Mr. C. L. Wliiting, Mrs. 
 M. A. Plimpton and Mrs. S. A. Gay. Mr. George D. Plimpton has the management of 
 the furniture house, while Mr. Whiting directs the affairs of the boiler and machine 
 works, the latter named industry being described in another part of this work. 
 
 The Tifft Furniture Company occupy a fine five-story building, Nos. 477 and 479 
 Washington street, corner of Mohawk, 32 feet front by 115 feet deep. The firm's 
 goods embrace a long line of household furniture for parlor, dining-room, bed-room 
 and hall, in all grades for which there is any considerable demand, and suitable for all 
 classes and conditions of people, from the humble laborer to the merchant prince. 
 
 In furniture styles are ever changing, so that what is most popular and costly this 
 year may be relegated to the garret next, to make way for the newest fashion in form 
 or material. Just now the craze is for richly stained cherry and antique oak, which 
 some years ago gave place to chestnut, ash, oalc and walnut. In these beautiful mate- 
 rials the Tifft Furniture Company presents many novel and attractive original designs,, 
 and are having a great run upon their best patterns in every line. 
 
 Old-established, reliable and fully up with the times, this is a house that deserves- 
 well at the hands of the trade and of consumers. „„ 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OB BUFFALO. 
 
 137 
 
 CLARK'S BU SINES S COLLEGE. 
 
 C. TJ. Johnson, President and Proprietor— Goal and Iron Exchange, Wash- 
 ington St., between Seneca and Swan. 
 
 Among the best business schools of this 
 kind that have ever come under our observa- 
 tion is Clark's Business College, ■which occu- 
 pies one entire upper floor of the Coal and 
 Iron Exchange building, Washington street, 
 adjoining the postoffice. Above we present a 
 view of the Exchange, one of the handsomest, 
 largest and most massive buildings in Bufialo. 
 Mr. C. U. Johnson is president, while Mr. 
 John C. Ryan is secretary. The course of 
 study, from which all mere ornaments have 
 been eliminated, is of the most practical kind, 
 embracing penmanship, double entry book- 
 keeping, commercial arithmetic, actual busi- 
 ness practice, rapid calculations, commercial 
 law, business correspondence, the drawing of 
 every description of commercial papers, or- 
 thography, etc. A common school education 
 is all the preparation needed. Each student 
 receives separate instructions, and from four to six months' study will fit any young 
 man of average capacity and application for active business. Clark's progressive 
 book-keeping, practical and common-sense at every step, is the system taught. 
 The course of training includes actual mercantile and commercial transactions be- 
 tween Erie and Buffalo, thus imparting the soundest kind of business training by the 
 best possible method — practice. The faculty is a remarkably strong and able one in 
 every department, selected for individual attainments and capability of conveying to 
 youthful minds the knowledge they have themselves acquired by long and arduous ex- 
 perience. The course differs from that of most business colleges, in that it is thoroughly 
 progressive and modern, and when the pupil completes the curriculum he knows enough 
 to take charge of a set of double-entry books and is fitted for any position that is open 
 to him. The student, upon entering the actual business course, starts in as a retail 
 merchant, doing business with the different business offices, and with students in the 
 other college. This teaches him neatness, commercial customs, and impresses upon 
 him the great necessity of giving special attention to details. He is accordingly more 
 painstaking with his business papers, as they go into the hands of strangers, and he 
 becomes acquainted through correspondence with those engaged in business, desiring 
 to do by them as he would be done by. There are eight separate offices in the 
 actual business exchange, consisting of two banks, merchandise emporium, postoffice, 
 insurance office, railroad office, commission office and real estate, supplied with all the 
 conveniences usually found in first-class business houses, and under the supervision of 
 the teacher students become familiar with the usages and customs of such places, be- 
 sides being required to keep a regular set of double-entry books, as used in each office. 
 Mr, Johnson does not guarantee situations to graduates, though he renders them 
 such assistance as is legitimate and proper. Business men frequently apply to him for 
 competent accountants, and in this way many of his most faithful and capable male 
 and female students are provided for. Students may enter at any time. Life scholar- 
 ships, entitling the holders to tuition until they graduate, are sold for $50. Reviews — 
 additional instructions — are given graduates at any time. Board may be had at from 
 three dollars per week up. 
 
 The night school continues throughout the year, the same as the day session, and 
 students receive every advantage that can be given them. Tliis school is intended for 
 those who are engaged during the day, and not only are all the branches taught that 
 the business course includes, but any of the common English branches may be taken, 
 either separately or all together. It is the best place for young and middle-aged men 
 and women to get a start in Wl?]itfz^if^V^f\/l}df^^tfff<^^^'^^ *'^^ "^^^^ session. 
 
138 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 McCLURE, BLOESER & EGGERT. 
 
 Maiuvfacturers of Boys', Youths', Ladies', Misses' and Children's Fine Shoes — 
 No. 379 EUicott St., Opposite "Washington Blarket. 
 
 For a new house tbe above named 
 has been remarkably successful in the 
 face of eager and determined competi- 
 tion. Its doors were first opened in 
 November, 1883, and in a career of three 
 years it lias already built up a business 
 of more than |5,000 a month, occupies a 
 handsome three-story building, 24 feet 
 front by 140 feet deep, employs .W 
 operatives and four travelers, and has 
 extended its' trade into every State north 
 of Mason and Dixon's line and west of 
 New York. The factory equipment is 
 first-class, embracing all the modern 
 machinery of approved makes and prac- 
 tical value, and the specialties turned 
 out comprise all the fashionable and 
 popular styles of fine and mediiami 
 ladies', misses', children's, boys' and 
 youths' footwear, all of the best ma- 
 terial and workmanship and superior finish and appearance: 
 
 The members of the firm are thoroughly practical men, experienced in their busi- 
 ness, capable and industrious. All were formerly employes of W. H. Walker, the 
 famous Main-street wholesale shoe merchant. 
 
 Mr. McClure, a native of this county, who has personal supervision of the factory, 
 was reared to the shoe trade, his father haviog pursued it for many years, and he him- 
 self having been the junior member of Taylor & McClure, retail shoe dealers of this 
 city. Mr. .J. Bloeser, born in Erie, Pa., attends to buying stock, and also travels for the 
 house at times. He was formerly a retail shoe merchant at Erie, Pa. Mr. E. B. Eggert 
 has charge of the office and books, and this is his first business venture. He was born 
 at Eggertaville, this county. 
 
 As an indication of the firm's resources, we may here state that they are now manufac- 
 turing eighty-five distinct styles of shoes and slippers, none of which are for men. 
 Such push and enterprise cannot but reap a rich reward in both money and reputation. 
 
 GEORGE D. WIGHTMAN, 
 
 Designer and Engraver on ■Wood — No. 60 Pearl St., near Seneca. 
 
 The wedded arts of designing and engraving on wood are progressive in their nature, 
 and, as a general thing, it is safe to conclude that, other things being equal, the indi- 
 vidual who has the longest and most varied practical experience in either or both of 
 the^e pursuits is the most skillful and most capable of producing the best efiVcts. 
 Buffalo has long enjoyed a high reputation for the excellent work turned out by her 
 artists in these specialties, and it is safe to say that much of the credit therefor is due 
 to the gentleman whose name appears above. Mr. Wightman is of English birth, born 
 in London, and established himself here, in the old Exchange building on Main street, 
 as long ago as 1847. Later he removed to the Arcade building, then, after a few years, 
 to Brown's building, and last, in 1866, to his present convenient quarters at No. 60 Pearl 
 street. 
 
 Mr. Wightman is a remarkably skillful artist, naturally talented, whose fine taste 
 and superior workmanship are known and recognized at home and abroad. His special- 
 ties cover a wide range, and embrace the drawing and engraving of portraits, land- 
 scapes, buildings, machinery, etc., and fine catalogue work of all kinds. The writer of 
 this recently had occasion to visit Mr. Wightman's studio, and speaks from personal 
 observation when he pronounces the work there exhibited equal to any he has ever 
 
 seen. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 139 
 
 CENTRAL COAL CO. (Limited), Incorporated. 
 
 Z. B. liewis, President ; J. W. Haywood, Vice-President and General 
 Manager; J. F. Everhart, Seci-etary and Treasivrer; H. I. Cook, Superin- 
 tendent at Yard ; George H. Clarke, Assistant Superintendent, in Charge 
 of Marine Department — Miners and Sliippers of Hard and Soft Coal 
 —Office, Second Floor Third National Bank, Corner Main and Swan Sts., 
 and No. 30G Main St. 
 
 This successful and flourisbing coal 
 company, wliicli, within little more 
 than a year from its inception, ex- 
 tended its trade to all available points 
 tlirouffhout the States and Canada, was 
 established in a modest and unpreten- 
 tious way at No. 7 West Seneca street, 
 October 12, 1885. by Messrs. J. W. 
 Hayward and H. I. Cook, and removed 
 to its present eligible quarters over the 
 Third National Banjc, southeast corner 
 Main and Swan streets, in April of 
 1886. The growth of the Central's 
 trade and the development of its in- 
 fluence have far exceeded the most 
 sanguine expectations of its founders, 
 and placed it upon an equality with 
 the oldest and most powerful of its 
 competitors. The need of more work- 
 ers and more capital became so 
 pressing, in order to meet the demands 
 of their business, that Messrs. Z. B. 
 Lewis, J. F. Everhart and George H. 
 Clarke were induced to join them, and 
 the " Central Coal Company, Limited" 
 was incorporated in September of the 
 same year. 
 
 Their local and shipping business is 
 phenomenal, and the company is very 
 popular with consumers, handling the 
 best grades of coal, both hard and soft, 
 from its own mines, for maufacturing 
 and domestic purposes, heating and 
 steam generating. 
 
 The personnel of the company is of the highest order. Mr. J. W. Hayward, who, 
 with Mr. H. L Cook, originated and established it, was, for a dozen or more years, 
 traveler for various coal mining and shipping firms, at a later period conducting on his 
 own account an extensive business at Oneida, N. Y., with a branch at Jackson, Mich. 
 Having outgrown the markets afforded by these places, he caine to Buffalo, where he 
 found amtle scope for his abilities and enterprise. His personal and business worth 
 are known and recognized by the trade generally. 
 
 Mr. H. I. Cook was formerly for five years Buffalo ticket agent of the New York 
 Central Railroad Company, previous to which time he was engaged in railroad con- 
 struction, having been prominently identified with the building of the famous Cazeno- 
 via tunnel, some thirteen or fourteen years ago. Resigning his ticket agency, he 
 devoted several years to traveling a«id prospecting in the West, the South and Canada, 
 finally joining Mr. Hayward in establishing the Central Coal Company. He has charge 
 as superintendent of coal delivery at the company's coal trestles on Van Rensselaer 
 street, near Exchange, East Buffalo, and has won golden opinions on all hands for 
 promptitude, fair dealing and politeness. 
 
 President Z. B. Lewis, of Niagara Falls, Ont., was unanimously chosen to that 
 position at the first election of officers on reorganization of the company. He is a 
 native of Wentworth, Township of Saltfleet, Canada, and is widely and favorably 
 known throughout the western portion of the Dominion for his enterprising spirit and 
 business sagacity. For tejj. years previous to his. nresent venture he was a prominent 
 
 Digitizea by Microsoft® 
 
140 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OS BUFFALO. 
 
 wholeeale and retail coal dealer, saw and planing mill and bakery proprietor. He fills 
 Lis present position with dignity and to the credit and satisfaction of his company. 
 
 J. F. Everhart, A. M., M. D., secretary and treasurer, is a native of Philadelphia, 
 and came to Buffalo three years ago to prosecute certain literary labors upon which he 
 had been engaged for a decade. He was induced to connect himself with the coal trade- 
 as offering a better field than he could elsewhere find for the practical study of coal 
 geology, a science that had for the twenty years previous possessed great charms for 
 him, and it is safe to say that in his specialty — the fixing of the analytical andi 
 economic value of the various grades of anthracite and bituminous coals — he has no 
 equal in Westein New York. On accepting the position of secretary and treasurer he 
 was appointed, with President Lewis, a commission to proceed to the Pennsylvania 
 anthracite region and select a line of fuel that would succeed in this market in compe- 
 tition with that carried by the established coal kings as the standard. The result has 
 fully vindicated the wisdom of the choice made. 
 
 Captain George H. Clarke, who manages the marine interests of the company, is ao 
 old-time lake shipper, more recently connected with marine insurance and the coal 
 trade. He also entered the Central Coal Company at its reorganization, and his great 
 experience and wide acquaintance, in connection with his personal popularity and high 
 character, render him one of Its most valuable members. He is a well-preserved and) 
 remarkably active man for his years, cheery and wide-awake. 
 
 CROCKER'S BUFFALO FERTILIZER AND CHEM- 
 
 ICA L WO RKS. 
 
 Smith & Becker, Trustees — Manufacturers of Ammoniated Bone Super- 
 phosphate and Ground Bones— Of&ce, No. 60 Pearl St. ; "Worts, Bahcock 
 St., East Buffalo. 
 
 Few intelligent farmers in the Eastern and 
 
 « i|ri||i| |. || j| i||||i |i||||||||i||||j — isi^t^^Ht J ' — ^ Middle States are ignorant of the merits of 
 
 1 liiiiiiliiiiiiiL^v V%¥? B / Crocker's Buffalo Fertilizers, which during- 
 
 the past twelve years have become more- 
 famous than any similar products ever were 
 before. These fertilizers are prepared under 
 the personal supervision of an eminent chem- 
 ist, are uniforni in quality and constituents, andl 
 unquestionably the purest and best commer- 
 cial fertilizers on the market. They are five 
 in number, each specially designed for a cer- 
 tain class of grains, plants, vegetables or 
 fruits, as follows ; " Buffalo Ammoniated 
 Bone Super-phosphate," " Buffalo Potato, Hop 
 and Tobacco Phosphate," " Buffalo Vegetable 
 Bone Super-phosphate" (for vegetables, root 
 crops, berries, grape-vines, lawns, etc), "Buf- 
 falo Queen City Phosphate," and "Crocker's- 
 Buffalo [No. 2] Super-phosphate." In addi- 
 tion, these works manufacture a superior 
 article of pure ground bones, strictly genuine, 
 particularly recommended for grass lands. 
 These fertilizers are especially rich in plant 
 feeding constituents, as phosphoric acid, ammonia, potash and nitrogen, and furnish 
 the best possible substitutes for the natural elements of the soil, withdrawn by long- 
 continued and severe cropping. 
 
 Messrs. James R. Smith and Emil A. Becker manage the Buffalo Fertilizer Works 
 as trustees. Mr. Becker, of German birth, has resided here since 1870, nearly twelve 
 years of which time have been devoted to his present pursuit. He is a member of the 
 Board of Trade. Mr. Smith is a native of Buffalo, a trustee of the Board of Trade, 
 vice-president of the Merchants' National and director of several other banks. 
 
 The works, established by L. L. Crocker in 1874, cover about eleven and a-half 
 acres of land, five and a-half acres of which are enclosed and covered with buildings 
 connected by switches with the several railroads. The best and latest improved machin- 
 ery and from 80 to 100 men are employed, turning out an immense quantity of superior 
 fertilizers per annum. Th^a \incar; ei.'fyV^^IVIfCIPCy^^ff®^ ^ handsome pamphlet full of 
 information on the subjject of fertilizers, which will be mailed free to all who desire it. 
 
THE 1NBUSTBIE8 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 141 
 
 FORBUSH & BROWN, 
 
 "Wholesale Boot and Shoe Manufacturers— Nos. 103 and 105 Main St., 
 
 Cor. Scott. 
 
 Among the varied industrial ' resources of Buffalo which have been exhaustively 
 treated in the pages of this worlc, reference will be found to what is done in boots and 
 ishoes. The house of Messrs. Forbush & Brown is the oldest and most extensive 
 ■establishment of the kind iij Buffalo, and, probably, in Western New York. It was 
 ■established in 1853, and has kept even pace in expanding with the growth and develop- 
 ment of this city from a village to a city of a quarter million inhabitants. At present 
 a very commodious building is occupied at Nos. 103 and 105 Main street, corner of Scott. 
 It is four stories higb, 60 by 130 feet.amply equipped throughout with all the necessary 
 modern mechanical facilities. The annual business of the house amounts to $300,000, 
 and a working force in the factory of from 250 to 300 skilled artisans is employed. The 
 payroll amounts to about $1,200 per week, and is continuous the year around. A 
 specialty is made of genuine Buffalo hand-made boots and shoes, which have attained 
 a splendid reputation throughout the country. The trade extends through the West- 
 •ern and Southwestern States, and is efficiently taken care of by an able and active 
 ■corps of traveling salesmen. It is not going out of the way to remark that each suc- 
 ■cessive season finds this house at the front with a superior line of the most approved 
 styles, which in shape and finish are second to none from any boot and shoe manufact- 
 uring center in the land. They come from an old reliable house, whose aim has alwaya 
 been to supply the trade with goods that must invariably establish close and 
 ■confidential relations between the dealer and consumer. 
 
 Of the individual members of the firm Mr. N. Brown retired in 1883. The business 
 has been since continued under the old style by the present proprietor, Mr. Jonathan C. 
 Forbush. Although about sixty years of age, Mr. Forbush is as active as ever, and 
 gives his personal supervision to the affairs of the business, particularly the manu- 
 facturing department. He is a native of Grafton, Mass., and came to this city in 1853, 
 when the present business was begun. As a successful and prominent citizen, with a 
 long and honorable career, his worth has been duly recognized. 
 
 STAR M ACHI NE CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Star Portable Forges, Blacksmiths' Hand Blowers, Wood- 
 Working Machinery, Self-Oiling Loose Pulleys, etc. — Office, Nos. 198 and 
 200 Terrace. 
 
 Among the flourishing 
 concerns of this kind here, 
 one of the moat conspicuous 
 is the Star Machine Co. , Nos. 
 198 and 200 Terrace, of 
 which Hon. Arthur W. 
 Hickman is president, and 
 Mr. Charles Hamelman sec- 
 retary and treasurer. We 
 present above a fine view 
 of the works, which are 33 
 by 107 feet, four stories and 
 basement. The capital of 
 the company, which was 
 organized April 34, 1886, is 
 $50,000, and it is calculated 
 that the output for the first 
 year will reach a value of 
 $40,000 to $50,000. The lead- 
 ing specialties embrace a 
 splendid line of improved 
 wood-working machinery, 
 including, among others, C 
 Hamelman's improved pat- 
 ent "Star Planer and 
 
 Matcher," " Star Band Saw," " Star Pony Planer," and " Self-Oiling Loose Pulley." 
 The " Star Forge," and " Star Blackmith's Hand Blower," are Mr. Hamelman's own 
 
 inventions, and have been W/to/4ffi8''fi7,^^fA^{s^o^^)''''°"&'it out. These forges are 
 
 C,SCVit.H\\. twii'.av 
 
142 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 made in styles adapted to the uses of boiler-makers, iron bridge builders, architectural 
 iron workers, boiler repairers, quarrymen, miners, machinists, tinsmiths, coppersmiths, 
 plumbers, gasfitters, manufacturing jewelers, gun and locksmiths, and workers in 
 metals generally. No. 4, illustrated herewitli, is the medium size, weighing only 110 
 
 pounds, and has an open hood. No. 5, with simple 
 dash at back, weighs 100 pounds, while No. 6. with 
 closed hood, weighs 120 pounds. The Blacksmith's 
 Hand Blower, operated by a combination of the 
 wheel and lever, occupies only four square feet of 
 ^^^ floor space, and is readily attachable to any stationary 
 
 \ »B hearth. 
 iSl It will produce, with very little labor, all the blast 
 4ijji required by any blacksmith's fire. The principle upoi^ 
 H which this forge and blower works is as simple as it 
 
 is effective, its principal points of superiority over alt 
 others being: It has fewer working parts than s-wj 
 other made, consequently there is less friction to over- 
 come in working it. By reason of its simplicity it 
 will never get out of order. There is only one large 
 wheel in its construction. This is driven by the rack, 
 which is moved up and down in the guides attached 
 to the legs of the machine, and which engages with 
 the pinion on the clutch hanging on the same shaft 
 (which is stationary) as the band- wheel. The shaft is 
 so arranged that any wear of the pinion and rack can 
 be taken up by means of set-screws. The rack 
 receives its motion from the lever, which is hung on 
 a swivel, thereby enabling the worker to move about 
 on a considerable radius while working. The ease 
 with which the machinery can be started is surprising, 
 and is owing both to the principle and simplicity cf 
 its construction. 
 
 The clutch has fewer pieces than any other, and is so constructed that there is prac- 
 tically no wear. 
 
 Steel shafting is used, and best Babbit', for journals. These forges and blowers are 
 guaranteed to be easier working, more durable and of stronger blast than any other. 
 
 They are for sale by all leading hardware and machinery dealers throughout the 
 country. 
 
 BUFFALO R EGIST ER WORKS. 
 
 O. p. Swift, Proprietor — Manufacturer of Registers, Ventilators, Refriger- 
 ator Trimmings, IjocIls, Knobs, etc. — Nos. 432 to 438 Niagara St. 
 
 The careful observer, in looking over the range of this city's manufacturing 
 resources, cannot avoid being impressed with the fact that of late years it has become 
 widely diversified. Numerous auxiliary lines have sprung up in specialties for which 
 there is a widespread demand. An illustration can be found in such an establishment 
 as the Buffalo Register Works. The business was started in July, 1884, by Mr. O. F. 
 Swift, at Nos. 10 and 13 Perry street. Owing to the rapid expansion, additional facili- 
 ties were required, and in May, 1880, the present commodious premises at Nos. 432 to- 
 438 Niagara street were secured. Here an area of 40 by 80 feet, including three well- 
 appointed floors, are occupied, and the goods manufactured include such articles as the 
 vertical wheel warm-air registers, ventilators, borders, frames, refrigerator trimmings, 
 locks, knobs, etc. With the advantages of the best machinery and other equally" 
 important features, this firm is able to successfully compete with any in the countrj'. 
 When required, special locks and hardware trimmings are made to order. 
 
 Mr. Swift is a man of wide experience in the practical management of the business. 
 He was formerly proprietor of the Empire State Manufacturing Company, and in all 
 that pertains to hardware specialties he is an undisputed authority. A working force 
 of from twenty to twenty-five skilled artisans is constantly employed, and the trade 
 extends to all parts of the country. Mr. Swift also, for a period of fifteen years, was 
 extensively engaged in logging and tlie wholesale lumber business in Wisconsin. All 
 liis ventures have proved successful, and his present enterprise, from indications, will 
 be no exception. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 143 
 
 L. B. CROCKER, 
 
 Superinteiicleut Live Stock Department New York Central & Hndson River 
 Railroad— Offllce, Stock- Yards, East Buffalo. 
 
 Among its army of officials and employes the New York Central & Hudson Eiver 
 Railroad Company lias no more faithful, industrious, energetic, or capable man than 
 Mr. L. B. Crocker, superintendent of its live-stock department at Buffalo. Mr. Crocker 
 was born in 1856 iu this city, and from boyhood has been connected with the 
 handling of live stock in transit, his father and grandfather having preceded him in 
 his present position, which he has held since 1874, previously for a year acting as yard 
 superintendent at Buifalo, Toledo, Detroit and Joliet. At each he instituted reforms 
 and improvements that have resulted in a vast access of business and the establish- 
 ment of a perfect system, and all are in a condition of prosperity never before known. 
 Tlie yards at East Buffalo, under his immediate supervision, present a model of neat- 
 ness, cleanliness, good order, exactitude and facility in the transaction of business such 
 as can be found nowhere else. Every drover who has visited these yards during the 
 present administration will testify to the uniform courtesy, promptitude, liberality and 
 strict honesty that characterize every transaction in which Mr. Crocker is concerned. 
 As a consequence he is a universal favorite with shippers and their employes on every 
 line converging here that carries live stock. 
 
 As before intimated, Mr. Crocker is tlie third of the name and family who has filled 
 the position. His late grandfather, Mr. Leonard Crocker, came to Buffalo from Argyle, 
 Vt., early in 1856, and purchased a farm on the lalte shore, now called the TifEt farm, 
 and was soon afterward appointed superintendent of the stock yards on their inaugur- 
 ation. The yards were transferred to the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad 
 in 1865, and Mr. Crocker continued in charge, and to his energy and enterprise is largely 
 due the development of the business during its earlier years. Oenerous and public- 
 spirited, he was popular with and respected by all who knew him. He was drowned on 
 the lake shore in tlie memorable storm of January 3, 1870. 
 
 Mr. Lemuel L. Crocker, son of the last-named, succeeded him in the superintendency 
 of the yards, and infused much of his own energy and high character into the conduct 
 of the business. There seemed no limit to his enterprise and liberality, not only 
 toward shippers of stock, but toward individuals and business ventures in need of aid. 
 He was born at White Hall, N. Y., November 23, 1828, and died in this city March 27, 
 1885. He was the founder of the now celebrated Buffalo Chemical and Fertilizer Co. 
 
 O'BRI AN & S ONS, 
 
 Merchant Tailors— Nos. lOO and 208 East Seneca St. 
 
 " An honest man is the noblest work of God," we are informed by the poet ; but his 
 honesty will hardly gain him the entree to the best society unless he is well dressed ; in 
 fact, self-respect, respect for others, and a proper regard for their respect are best mani- 
 fested by due attention to outward appearances, and particularly in the matter of dress. 
 Though the tailor does not malce the man, he may, and usually does, when given 
 opportunity, make the man look as well as his physical imperfections will permit. We 
 are not now speaking of ready-made clothing dealers — whose shabbily-made hand-me- 
 downs sometimes turn a really handsome man into a scare-crow — but of tailors, artists 
 in cloth, who, after a rigid apprenticeship on the bench, with the tape, and with the 
 shears, have devoted years to mastering all the mysteries of the craft — styles, cutting, 
 fit, the proper selection of goods, and study of the popular taste. Such are Messrs. 
 O'Brian & Sons, whose two elegant merchant tailoring establishments, Nos. 100 and 208 
 East Seneca street, are almost as well known and a good deal more popular with the 
 well-dressed men of Buffalo and adjacent lerritory as the Union Depot. 
 
 Mr. Thomas O'Brian, sr., established himself in the tailoring business here in his 
 native city in 1855, nearly thirty- two years ago, and has a reputation equal to that of 
 any of his rivals, however pretentious — an honest reputation, fairly earned and modestly 
 enjoyed. The sons, John M. and Thomas J. R., were bred to the same calling, and are 
 artist tailors in the best sense. They were admitted as partners in 1880. 
 
 The headquarters of the firm are at No. 100 East Seneca street, where they occupy a 
 handsome four-story building, 25 feet front and 100 feet deep. The branch house is at 
 No. 208 same street, one floor sufficing for the wants of the house at that point. They 
 employ, in all, from 25 to 30 hands, skilled tailors exclusively, and do from $80,000 to 
 $90,000 worth of first-class work annually, their specialty being fine custom work, 
 which they deliver promptly at moderate prices, fit and style guaranteed. O'Brian & 
 Sons have the best run of profitable tailoring in Buffalo. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
144 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN C. POST, 
 
 Importer and Dealer in Paints, Oils, Glass, Artists' Materials, Brushes, 
 Porcelain, Brass and Papier-Mache Plaques, Canvases, Crayon Paper, 
 etc — No 20 Kast Swan St , Corner "Washington. 
 
 This old and famous house was established 
 by Charles H. Coleman in 1836, Mr. John C. 
 Post, a native of Holland, succeeding to the 
 proprietorship in the eventful year of 1861. 
 It has always been a leading and prosperous 
 concern, but of late years has added more 
 than ever before to its high reputation for 
 punctuality, reliability and responsibility, as 
 as well as to the extent and character of its 
 operations — a result largely due. no doubt, 
 to the assistance rendered by Mr. Post's five 
 wide-awake and energetic sons, John H., 
 Henry, James, William and Peter, all natives 
 of Buffalo and eminent among her rising 
 young business men. Mr. Post's business 
 premises comprise a commodious four-story- 
 and- basement building, 33 by 60 feet, but 
 which his trade, especially in window and polished plate glass, has outgrown, and in 
 the spring he will occupy the fine store No. 16 Swan street with the finest, largest and 
 most valuable stock of these goods, French and American glass, ever shown in Buffalo. 
 It may be remarked here that this is a recognized specialty of the house, which handles 
 more window and plate glass than any city rival, and has supplied hundreds of the 
 finest public edifices and private residences on contract. Mr. Post is a direct importer, 
 which gives him decided advantages in this department. 
 
 Returning to the paint and oil department, the house is the largest handler of these 
 goods in this market, carrying at all times a vast and varied stock of all descriptions of 
 paints, dry and in oil, white lead, colors, Windsor & Newton's and F. W. Devoe & Co.'s 
 oil and water colors, Lacroix's China colors, etc. , together with a full line of flitters 
 and colors for lustre and Kensington painting, brushes of all kinds, canvases for oil 
 painting and crayon paper mounted to order, porcelain, brass and papier-mache plaques, 
 and innumerable other items pertaining to the trade. 
 
 Mr. Post came to Buffalo in 1837 with nothing but a good character and two strong 
 hands. He is a self-made man, and decidedly a good job. 
 
 J. H, ULLENBRUCH & CO. 
 
 Scientific Opticians, Importers of and Dealers in Spectacles, Eye-Glasses, Opti- 
 cal, Mathematical and Scientific Instruments and Apparatus— No. 274 
 Main St. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Ollendorff established the above-named concern in 
 1877, and was succeeded by the present proprietors, Messrs. J. H. 
 Ullenbruch and Albert Landsberg, in 1882. The store and sales- 
 room occupies the ground floor of the large four-story brick build- 
 ing No. 274 Main street, 22 by 100 feet in area, and'is a most elegant 
 and well conducted place of business. The stock embraces full 
 lines of fine optical goods of all kinds, of which the firm are 
 importers, together with a rare assortment of mathematical 
 instruments, thermometers, barometers, opera, marine, field and 
 spy-glasses, telescopes, microscopes, artificial eyes, etc. A specialty 
 is made of the scientific testing and fitting of eyes with superior 
 glasses. In addition, a general and very choice stock of fine 
 
 jewelry and fancy goods is offered the public on reasonable terms, and the firm are 
 
 gradually extending their trade to neighboring States. 
 
 Mr. Ullenbruch came to this country from Germany in 1867 and settled at Detroit, 
 
 where he remained in the employ of L. Black & Co., opticians, until he came here to 
 
 succeed Mr. Ollendorff. He is an experienced and skillful optician, and both he and Mr. 
 
 Landsberg are polite, capable and accommodating gentlemen. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
 ||-H'IILLENBRUCHJ 
 
 '2/4MAINSTI 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 145 
 
 HENRY E. SMITH, 
 
 33 West Swan St., 
 
 Shipper of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal— Office, No. 
 
 Chapin Block. 
 
 BuiTalo is one of tlie largest inland coal markets in the 
 world — a consequence of her superb shipping facilities by 
 rail and water to all Western, Northwestern and Canadian 
 points. The Coal Exchange is an institution of the city 
 scarcely second in importance to the Board of Trade ; tens 
 of millions are invested in the trade, and everything 
 combines to prove that coal, its receipt, storage and ship- 
 ment, form a most conspicuous interest of the city. 
 
 The gentleman whose name heads this item has ample 
 yards and docks, the former on Louisiana street near 
 Perry, the latter on the Blackwell Canal — one of the big- 
 gest of Buffalo's numerous big docks. He also has control 
 of fine storage facilities and transfer pockets at the Tifft 
 farm, enabling him to load both vessels and cars in the 
 shortest possible time. Mr. Smith's specialties embrace 
 ' choice grades of hard and soft coal from the anthracite 
 
 and bituminous regions of Pennsylvania, and he is prepared to supply the trade in 
 large or small quantities, on as favorable terms as any honest dealer can afford. 
 
 Mr. Smith's pleasant and commodious offices are located at No. 33 West Swan street, 
 Chapin block, where the trade will always be welcome. 
 
 •^'fiifeS 
 
 THE BUFFALO TRICYCLE COMPANY. 
 
 p. C. Atherton, J. M. Fisher — Manufacturers of Improved Tricycles— No. 
 
 640 Liinwood Ave. 
 
 The tricycle herewith illustrated em- 
 phatically speaks for itself. It is a strictly 
 Buffalo machine, first-class in material, 
 workmanship and finish, and embraces 
 several novel improvements not found in 
 others. They have been thoroughly 
 tested and approved, sell rapidly, and are 
 desirable vehicles, both for the trade and 
 those who use them. The new movement 
 — a walking motion — is graceful and easy, 
 imparts greater power and speed with less 
 exertion, and cannot fail to commend the 
 macliine to ladies and girls. They are 
 made in the best manner, with improved 
 steel wheels, steel axles, iron frames, and 
 adjustable plush seats, and are the hand- 
 somest, easiest propelled and fastest run- 
 ning tricycle known. 
 
 This machine was patented and intro- 
 duced in 1885, and the second season 
 (1886) saw six times as many sold as the 
 first, while the indications are that the 
 same rate of increase will continue for the 
 approaching season. Mr. Atherton opened the factory on a small scale in 1885, and 
 January 1 1886, finding the business too heavy for him alone, admitted Mr. tisher, 
 since vvhich time the Buffalo tricycle has been introduced and become popular all over 
 
 the United States. , . . , , ., . x, i c 
 
 Mr Atherton is an Ohio man, and invented the new tricycle while in the employ of 
 the United States Express Company in this city. With a patent in his pocket he com- 
 menced manufacturing for the city trade, succeeded, and is now, with Mr. Fisher s 
 assistance, building up a large and profitable business. There is no question about the 
 merits of the machine. Two new sizes are to be added for this year s trade ; these will 
 be 36 and 43 inches, for adults. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
146 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 
 
 BINGHA M & T AYLOR. 
 
 The Clinton Iron Works— Mannfacturei-s of Railroad and General Castings, 
 Extension Service and Valve Shnt-ort' Boxes for Gas and "Water— No. 15T 
 Chui-cli St. 
 
 In the department of heavy iron-work the city of Buffalo has the best of facilities 
 for manufacturing, which are not surpassed by any rival. The advantages of an 
 abundant cheap fuel from the Pennsylvania coal fields and cheap transportation by rail 
 and water, both for receiving the raw material and reaching disputed territory, are 
 utilized to the fullest extent. In the manufacture of railroad and general castings the 
 firm of Bingham & Taylor take a leading position. Their establishment is located on the 
 corner of Church and Jackson streets, and the business was originally begun in 1849. 
 The style of the firm at that time was Eddy & Bingham. Their facilities possessed for 
 everything required in castings for railroad purposes are unsurpassed, and for years 
 this branch of the business has largely entered into the vast development of the 
 different railway systems. The firm as it is now constituted consists of Charles F. 
 Bingham and William P. Taylor. Mr. Bingham has been associated with the business 
 for a great many years,- and is an experienced man in every particular when this line is 
 referred to. Mr. Taylor became a member of the firm two years ago, and prior to that 
 time was general manager of the Canada Southern railroad. His prominent connection 
 with the railroad business proves a very important factor in securing the favorable 
 consideration of railroad officials for that branch of work. Mr. Taylor also takes an 
 active interest in politics, and is at present a member of the Democratic county com- 
 mittee. The capital of the firm is $100,000, and from 75 to 90 hands are employed, the 
 pay-roll averaging $1,000 a week. The manufacture of extension service and valve 
 shut-off boxes for water and gas is also a prominent feature of the business. This firm 
 has a well-established reputation for the general superiority in all classes of work 
 turned out. In this they have aided in giving a prestige to the manufacturers of 
 Buffalo which is now pretty generally acknowledged abroad. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 147 
 
 BUFFALO STORAGE AND CARTING CO. 
 
 AV. P. Taylor, Proprietor; T. J. Avery, K. G. Martin, Managers; F. J. Abel, 
 Cashier— Nos. 350, 352, 354 aiitl 356 Seneca St., and 105, 167, 16U and 
 171 Myrde Ave. 
 
 _ ____^^ We lierewith present 
 
 — — =*" =~^ """— ^ — a view of the Buffalo 
 
 f:r ^ Storage and Carting- 
 
 Company's great ware- 
 house, fronting on Sene- 
 ca street and Myrtle 
 avenue. This immense 
 six-story brick and iron 
 edifice, 80 by 180 feet, 
 has three acres of floor- 
 age — a capacity equal, 
 perhaps, to any demand 
 that may ever be made 
 upon it — and was erect- 
 ed during the past year 
 at great cost, especially 
 for the convenience of 
 owners of household 
 goods, merchandise, etc. , 
 who, having no imme- 
 diate use therefor, are 
 desirous of stoiing the same where jt will be safe and properly taken care of at a reason- 
 able rental. In the construction of this warehouse 1,000,000 bricks, 200 cords of ston» 
 and 300 tons of iron were consumed, and it is phenomenally strong at every point, fire- 
 proof and secure, as is proved by the fact that insurance rates on goods stored therein 
 are lower than are obtained for any other storage warehouse in Buffalo. 
 
 In the basement are located the stables and shelter for the wagons of the company, 
 there being 130 hardwood stalls, besides three box-stalls for sick animals, and room for 
 the 50 two-horse vehicles employed by the company. Under the Seneca street sidewallc 
 is situated the fine fifty-horse-power boiler and powerful Westinghouse engine for run- 
 ning the elevators, one of which is of ten tons capacity, and will carry a loaded wagon 
 to any of the upper floors. The same engine furnishes power for the feed-cutters, while 
 the warehouse, piped throughout, is heated by steam from the boiler. The first, or 
 ground floor, is securely calked like a vessel's bottom, thus preventing the rising of 
 unpleasant odors from the stables and engine-room. All feed, being stored on the sixth 
 floor, is delivered in the basement by means of chutes. On the ground floor, opening 
 on the street, are the offices and wagon scales, the elevator platform, and, on the 
 Myrtle-avenue front, a fine, large, comfortable room used as a place of assembly and 
 shelter for the employes. K double row of heavy iron pillars extend the length of this 
 floor, supporting the one above, which in turn is provided with powerful iron girdera 
 and structural supports from the Central Bridge Company's works. The second, third 
 and fourth floors are devoted to general storage purposes, while the fifth floor, divided 
 into compartments, is used exclusively for household goods. The sixth floor is reserved 
 for the company's own use, and here are stored the wagons, stages, feed, etc., of both 
 the Storage and Carting and Buffalo Stage Companies. An abundant supply of water 
 is provided at both ends, and on every floor. 
 
 Mr. W. P. Taylor, the proprietor, is also president of the Buffalo Storage Company, 
 and a member of the firm Bingham & Taylor, proprietors of the Clinton Iron Works. 
 He is a wide-awake, energetic, pushing business man of great capacity, and very popu- 
 lar with the citizens of Buffalo. 
 
 1'he carting and storage business of this city was organized twenty years ago under 
 the name of the Lake Shore Transfer Co., and was succeeded by the present company 
 three or four years ago. The facilities are unsurpassed for handling and storing furni- 
 ture and baggage, carriages, sleighs, machinery, flour, salt, groceries, general 
 merchandise, seeds, etc. Experienced packers, large moving vans and careful watch- 
 men (themselves in turn watched by the American Watchman's Time Detector) are 
 employed, itemized receipts issued, and goods received from and forwarded to all points. 
 The system, in short, is complete, and the most perfect safeguards provided against 
 loss or damage. 
 
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148 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES J. HEINOLD, 
 
 W^holesale Grocer, Wine and Liquor Dealer— Nos. 269, 271 and 273 
 Broadway, corner Bennett St. 
 
 Mr. Heinold is a native of Wurtemburg, 
 Germany, born in 1847. He came to Buf- 
 falo in 1854, began at the bottom of the 
 ladder, working as a boy for his board and 
 clothes, advanced step by step from errand 
 boy to book-keeper, saved his money, and 
 finally established himself as a retail gro- 
 cer at Pine and North Division streets, on 
 a cash capital of $140, in 1867. He vpas 
 polite and liberal to his customers, worked 
 hard, economized, pushed his trade, added 
 to liis facilities from time to time, and at 
 last opened as a wholesale merchant in 
 groceries, wines and liquors, his sales now 
 aggregating about $135,000 a year. At 
 present he occupies the three commodious 
 stores Nos 269, 271 and 373 Broadway, 
 corner Bennett street, each 20 feet front by 80 feet deep, and carries an immense and 
 carefully selected stock of superior goods, embracing staple and fancy groceries, grocers' 
 sundries, flour, provisions, fine foreign and domestic wines, liquors and cordials, all of 
 which he ofEers to the trade oh the most reasonable terms. 
 
 Mr. Heinold takes no active part in politics ; has served eleven years in the 74th N. 
 Y. S. N. Q., attends closely to his own business, is a good citizen and a prosperous man. 
 
 CHARLES KUHN & CO., 
 
 Importers and "Wholesale Dealers in Musical Goods of Every Description- 
 Agents for Sohmer, New England, and Christie & Son Pianos— Organs 
 of Popular Makes — Nos. 525 and 527 Main St. 
 
 Very few residences of 
 people in even moderately 
 comfortable circumstances 
 are destitute of pianos, and 
 it is not unusual to find in 
 the same house — sometimes 
 in the same parlor — both 
 piano and organ. It is a 
 question whether any non- 
 professional can become a 
 first-rate performer on both 
 instruments, but where there 
 are several daughters of dif- 
 fering tastes, and pater 
 familias can afford the 
 expense, it is not unreason- 
 able to expect that he will 
 provide the means whereby 
 all may cultivate whatever 
 of musical talent they may 
 possess. 
 
 Buffalo, notwithstanding 
 her devotion to manufactures and commerce, is rapidly gaining an enviable distinction 
 as a city of homes, refinements and art, not the least of her claims to merit being based 
 upon the encouragement given musical culture, professional and private. As a conse- 
 quence, the trade in music and musical merchandise is in a flourishing condition and 
 ^rows steadily in importance. One of the leading houses here in this line is that of 
 Charles Kuhn & Co., Nos. 525 and 527 Main street, established in 1880 by Messrs. 
 
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THE IND USTRIES OF B UFFALO. 
 
 149 
 
 Charles Kubn and Q. H. Kiegelmann, at No. 517 Main street, and removed to the present 
 convenient and commodious stand in 1881. The firm occupy two floors, each 30 by lOO 
 feet, of a handsome four-story building, where they carry an immense stock of all stand- 
 ard musical goods, including a variety of pianos, organs, etc., of the most celebrated 
 makes, among them the favorite " Sohiner" piano (illustrated above), " New England," 
 and " Christie & Son " pianos, and a variety of organs of celebrated makes and in many 
 styles. The house also publishes music on a liberal scale, some of which — notably sev- 
 eral of Mr. Riegelmann's own compositions (" Evening Bells," " Dreaming of the Past," 
 etc.) have achieved great popularity. As importers and jobbers of instruments and 
 musical merchandise of every description, this firm enjoy extraordinary advantages and 
 are prepared to supply the trade on the best possible terms. 
 
 With a very large and constantly growing trade in the city and throughout the 
 tributary territory, Messrs. Charles Kuhn & Co. have established branches at Tonawanda 
 and Lancaster for the convenience of musical people in those cities. The house has 
 passed the experimental stage, and is a fixed and prosperous venture, doing a business 
 of $40,000 to $50,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. Kuhn is a native of the city, has been interested in the handling of musical 
 goods since early manhood, and is himself a master, having, for six years, conducted 
 the musical exercises and taught the pupils of Canisius College. Mr. Kiegelmann, as 
 previously stated, is a successful composer. Born in Berlin, Canada, he came to 
 BufFalo in 1868, and has always been identified with the melodious art. 
 
 BUFFALO AR TIFICI AL LIMB CO. 
 
 George W. Hall, Manager— No. 9 West Eagle St. 
 
 Expert mechanical skill is one of the most remarkable of human attainments. It is 
 the creator of every indication of material progress, and in numerous instances is dis- 
 played genius of a very high order. Among those in this city entitled to honorable 
 mention in this connection Mr. George W. Hall merits such recognition for a variety of 
 reasons. Were a committee of disinterested, competent citizens appointed to determine 
 what product of mechanical skill had been the means of alleviating the greatest 
 amount of human suffering and inconvenience, there is not the shadow of a doubt but 
 that tlie palm would be awarded to artificial limbs. 
 
 During the past twenty -six years Mr. Hall has been engaged in the manufacture of 
 artificial limbs in this city. It is the only establishment of the kind in BufiFalo, but such 
 has been the degree of proficiency attained by Mr. Hall that it is known from one 
 extreme of the country to the other. In the coarse of the extended experience which 
 this gentleman has had in the business, there is an important fact worth considering. 
 As a mechanical expert in the work he is undoubtedly without an equal in the United 
 States. This is more particularly the case in the making of substitutes for the natural 
 members, and in this connection there is a feature which has had an important part in 
 bringing out Mr. Hall's talents in this direction, and that is, for the past thirty years 
 Mr. Hall has had to use an artificial leg himself. The idea occurred to him that the 
 clumsy substitute in vogue then could be improved upon, when he started in the busi- 
 ness, and ever since then there has always been a double incentive to strive for 
 excellence. Every improved feature that he could devise was sure not only to redound 
 
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150 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 to his pecuniary advantage, but his personal comfort as well. So successful has Mr. 
 Hall been in his work that nobody would detect from his walk that he wore an artificial 
 limb. 
 
 Since the war Mr. Hall has furnished hundreds of limbs to soldiers on the govern- 
 ment account by order of the Surgeon-General of the United States army. Apparatus 
 is also provided for resections of the arm, fore-arm, and unjoined fractures. Feet are 
 applied for disarticulation at the knee and ankle, and in the whole range of malforma- 
 tions of the limbs, requiring the best apparatus, or to aid surgical operations, the beat 
 results are obtained. The wood is the best grained and seasoned weeping willow, 
 obtained from the banks of the Schuylkill river. 
 
 Personally Mr. Hall is one of the most whole-souled, genial, kindly-tempered gentle- 
 men to be met in a day's travel. 
 
 GOODYEAR R UBBE R COMPANY. 
 
 F. M. Sliepard, President; J. A. Minott, Secretary; E. A. Rockwood, Man- 
 ager — Nos. 240 Main and 9 West Seneca St. — Manufacturers of and 
 Bealers in Rubber Goods of Every Description. 
 
 _ , -'T ' The vast development of the trade in rubber goods 
 
 is one of the commercial wonders of the age, and owes 
 its primary impetus to the genius, industry and deter- 
 mination of one man more than to all others combined 
 ^to Charles Goodyear, who in 1834 began the series 
 of investigations and experiments which resulted five 
 years later in the discovery of the vulcanizing pro- 
 cess, which at once rendered practicable the employ- 
 ment of rubber for the multitude of uses to which it 
 has since been applied. Many improvements have 
 since been made in methods and apparatus, but the 
 process is still essentially the same, and is univer.'ially 
 known as the " Goodyear process." The Goodyear 
 Rubber Company, the largest in existence, is the 
 result of a consolidation of several wealthy corpora- 
 tions, and perpetuates in its name and products tlie 
 fame of the great inventor. The principal offices 
 are at No. 487 Broadway, New York, with branches 
 at 57 Maiden Lane, New York, and in Washington 
 City, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
 St. Louis, Kansas City, San Francisco, Boston, Mon- 
 treal and Buffalo — the house here being under the 
 personal management and direction of Mr. E. A. 
 Rockwood, who from 1855 to 1871 was connected 
 
 with some of the largest New York importers, the 
 
 — "~„I,'^.^^ Sa^2Iv - ^ - '-=j ~~ ^^^^ ''^^ years as buyer for Lee, Bliss & Co. During 
 "^^-2ES^i=E=Si_^^^;5^ ~ his fifteen years' control of the Goodyear Rubber 
 
 Company's BufEalo interests he has proved himself 
 the right man in the right place, and possesses, as he well deserves, the unlimited 
 confidence of his principals. 
 
 The Goodyear Rubber Company is incorporated under the laws of New York with a 
 paid-up capital of $1,000,000, and stands a head and shoulders above all competitors in 
 character, variety and extent of manufactures, its products comprising every conceivable 
 article of use and ornament made of this material. Its factories are located at Harlem, 
 N. Y.; Middletown, Conn.; Bristol, R. I.; Elizabeth and Lambertville, N.J. Their boot 
 and shoe factory at Harlem is the only concern of the kind in the world that rejects 
 shoddy and old rubber. Not an ounce of any other material save pure Para rubber is 
 employed; consequently the "Goodyear" stamp is an incontestible guarantee of superi- 
 ority, both in workmanship and material. 
 
 The Goodyear Rubber Company is also the sole general agency for the National 
 Rubber Company for all its manufactures other than boots and shoes — one of the leading 
 American rubber companies. It is also the general agency for Western New York for 
 the celebrated " Red Jacket" fire hose of the Boston Woven Hose Company, whose pro- 
 ducts in this line are too well known to need commendation. 
 
 The Goodyear Rubber Company fills all orders from its BufiTalo store at manufactur- 
 ers' prices, without any extr?. fr"'/rl>t, d-arge.j, doir.g- ajeavy business in both wholesale 
 and retail departments, but' giving special attention to the former, supplying many 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 
 
 151 
 
 I9IC00DYEAR RUBBFP rniT 
 
 n 
 
 MT»jRnnin.i.iiitML-4i«^gTjTOf^ 
 
 ifflifiiililliiiwlliii 
 
 nauj^kKUMiJUEJaaE^ 
 
 JA 
 
 of the principal jobbers all over the country. 
 Besides a magnificent and almost limit less stock 
 of rubber boots and shoes an immense line of 
 goods for every conceivable purpose is carried for 
 the trade, embracing, among other items, rubber 
 belting of all widths and weights, packing, hose, 
 light and heavy clothing, druggists' sundries, air 
 cushions, pillows, beds, water beds, urinals, stop- 
 ples, tubing, nursing bottles, aprons, rubber bands, 
 mats, rubber drill and other carriage goods, enam- 
 eled oilcloth, oiled clothing, etc., horse clothing, 
 firemen's clothing, gloves, spittoons, door mats, 
 rubber cement, etc. In the hose department will 
 be found a?; variety of approved hose-reels and 
 brass goods for hose. The National " Anchor " 
 hose is confessedly the best made, stands 700 
 pounds pressure to the square inch, and gives 
 perfect satisfaction under all conditions. As a 
 proof of its popularity we may state that over 
 50,000 feet of J^-inch S-ply Anchor hose is annu- 
 ally retailed to consumers here in Buffalo. 
 
 The house here embraces two branches — the 
 wholesale department. No. 9 West Seneca street, 
 40 by 60 feet, five floors, and the retail depart- 
 ment, No. 340 Main street, two floors, 20 by 100 
 feet, thus forming an L. A stock valued at 
 0,000 is carried at all seasons, and the average 
 annual sales reach $500,000. The territory cov- 
 ered comprises, besides the city and vicinity, all of Western New York, Ohio, Penn- 
 sylvania and Michigan. 
 
 This is headquarters for the finest line of syringes, combs, rubber bands and other 
 choice goods in this material. 
 
 lili'iiiiii'H'ni n m Wm 
 Q [? E] n E!I [] Q 
 
 LJfinTlJJ 1.11] IT^ITWmTi.i ..tl!TTQ I j^ 
 
 
 NIAGARA B AKING COMPANY, 
 
 Manufacturers of Best Buffalo Crackers, Biscuits, Cakes, Snaps, Pastry 
 Bread, Rolls, etc. — Steam Bakery — Office and Salesrooms, Nos. 23 and 
 25 Ellicott St., near Seneca. 
 
 In no branch of manufactures is the concentration of skill and capital and the divi- 
 sion of labor more marked or fraught with better results than in the production of 
 farinaceous food, under which head comes every description of bakers' goods — crackers, 
 cake and pastry. Of the many prominent houses engaged in this branch of enterprise 
 we know of none that have, within the past few years, achieved a greater degree of 
 well-earned success than the Niagara Baking Company, whose extensive works, 
 equipped with steam power and all requisite improvements in machinery and appli- 
 ances, is located in the handsome three-story brick building Nos. 23 and 25 Ellicott 
 street, between Seneca and Swan, with a frontage of 44 feet and a depth of 100 feet. 
 Every variety of superior bakers' goods is turned out here in immense quantities and 
 popular styles, embracing full lines of plain and fancy crackers, biscuits, cakes, snaps, 
 jumbles, pastry, etc. The company enjoy special advantages for procuring the highest 
 grades of flour, the senior partner being one of the most prominent millers in the East- 
 ern States. 
 
 The Niagara Baking Company was organized in 1881 by Messrs. H. J. Harvey and 
 M. W. Dake, the former a member of Harvey Bros., flour and grain merchants, and of 
 Harvey & Henry, proprietors of the Buffalo City Mills. He is also connected with 
 Smith, Falke & Co., wholesale bakers, Michigan and North Division streets. Mr. M. 
 W. Dake came hither from Livingston county in 1883, and was formerly a hardware 
 merchant at Nunda, N. Y. The Niagara Baking Company has a capacity of 100 barrels 
 of flour daily. Only the best selected materials are used, and all goods are guaranteed 
 of the finest quality. Sixty-five trained operatives are employed, and four traveling 
 salesmen are constantly on the road securing orders from old and new patrons in the 
 trade, all over the country, principally in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. The tran- 
 sactions of the house increase steadily, and last year footed up about $200,000. 
 
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152 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 THE STAFFORD, 
 
 D. G. "West & Co., Proprietors— Corner Washington and Carroll Sts. 
 
 This is one of the 
 leading hotels of Buf- 
 falo. It was originally 
 the Bonney House, and 
 has always been a pop- 
 ular resort for the trav- 
 eling public. In 1884 
 Messrs. Stafford & Co. 
 became the proprietors, 
 and the name was 
 changed. Shortly af- 
 terward the present 
 proprietors, Messrs. D. 
 G. West & Co., took 
 charge of the hotel. 
 An outlay of several 
 thousand dollars made 
 a complete transfornja- 
 tion throughout. The 
 house was entirely re- 
 furnished in a style 
 equal to any in the city, 
 and in the matter of in- 
 terior decoration a very 
 high class of artistic 
 work was performed. 
 
 The proprietors are Messrs. D. G. West and D. W. Burt. Mr. West has the active 
 direction of the affairs pertaining to the management. He is one of the best hotel 
 men in the country, having had years of experience in the business. A long residence- 
 in the oil country, in the hotel business at Bradford and other points, has made Mr. 
 West acquainted with the entire traveling public of Western Pennsylvania This class^ 
 invariably make The Stafford their headquarters while in Buffalo. In every respect The 
 Staff ord is a .strictly fi rst-class hotel. The cuisine is unsurpassed, and has secured for 
 the house a degree of popularity that ia peculiarly its own. There are ninety -three rooms 
 in the house, single and en suite, which render it sufficiently commodious for a large 
 patronage. 
 
 H. G. WHITE, 
 
 House, Sign, Ship and Fresco] Painter— No. 83 Main St. 
 
 Probably no Buffalo artisan is more widely and favorably known than Mr. H. G. 
 White, who, for more than fifty years has occupied a leading position among Buffalo- 
 painters, a large proportion of the most elaborate and artistic house, sign and fresco 
 work done here during the past half-century having been designed by him and exe- 
 cuted under his direction, while many of the handsomest steam and sailing craft that 
 during the same period have ridden the waters of the great lakes owed their tasteful 
 painting and decoration to the same trained eye and master hand. It is scarcely neces- 
 sary to enlarge upon the taste and skill that have always distinguished Mr. White ; the 
 innumerable examples of both found in the private residences, public buildings, hotels 
 and churches of Buffalo sufficiently attest these merits, while the volume of his 
 business proves the hold he has upon the confidence and patronage of the property- 
 owning and building public. He employs from twenty -five to one hundred painters 
 and artists, dependent upon the season, pays an average of |500 per week in wages, and 
 does an annual business of $40 000 to IRO.OOO. 
 
 Mr. White was born at Burlington, Vt., June 8, 1814; came to Buffalo July 4, 1836,. 
 and has made his home and conducted business here ever since — for the past thirty- 
 three years occupying the same location. No. 83 Main street. He is a well-preserved, 
 genial and active man to this day, with the suns and snows of seventy -two years upon 
 his head, and bids fair to survive piany youneer men. vet. 
 
 Digitized by mcrosofm 
 
TEE INBU8TB1B8 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 153 
 
 THE REBSTOCK STOVE CO. (Limited). 
 
 Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hardware, Stoves 
 and Ranges, Furnaces, House Furnishing Goods, Agricultural Imple- 
 ments, etc.— Nos. 564 and 566 Washington St. 
 
 This fine house 
 was establiabed 
 by Mr. J. B. Reb- 
 stock in 1880, the 
 present company 
 organizing and 
 succeeding to the 
 business July 10, 
 1885, with J. E. 
 Rebstock, presi- 
 dent, Geo. F. 
 Mings, treasurer, 
 and J. H. Reb- 
 stock, secretary; 
 capital stock, 
 $20,000. The 
 company's build- 
 ing is a commo- 
 dious one, 43 by 
 95 feet, four sto- 
 ries and base- 
 ment, and is thor- 
 oughly equipped 
 in every depart- 
 ment for the 
 transaction of a 
 large and grow- 
 ing business such 
 as is being built 
 up by the ener- 
 getic gentlemen 
 above named, em- 
 bracing a number 
 of specialties, in- 
 cluding hardwaTe 
 of all kinds, full 
 " lines of superior 
 
 stoves and ranges, house furnishing goods, agricultural implements, and a thou- 
 sand other items coming under the general heads we have designated. They also deal 
 heavily in furnaces for public and private buildings, and control the celebrated " Royal " 
 and "Magee" furnaces and "Magee" ranges in this market. Employing more than 
 thirty skilled workmen, moat of whom devote their whole time and attention to the set- 
 ting and repairing of furnaces and ranges, the company are enabled to render unvarying 
 satisfaction to their patrons. 
 
 President Rebstock and his brother the secretary are natives of Buffalo, as is Treasurer 
 Mings. The first named has been in the same line of business for eighteen years, and 
 in 1885 was owner of the Christian Advocate. Mr. Mings, who came into this firm 
 nearly two years ago, is an active young man, and was formerly in the livery business 
 with his father. Mr. J. H. Rebstock has been connected with the stove and hardware 
 trade for ten years. All are industrious, liberal and worthy men, and have excellent 
 business prospects, individually and collectively. 
 
 Mr. J. E. Rebstock last autumn purchased a large tract of land — ninety -two acres — 
 at Black Rock, where he purposes to erect an extensive foundry during the present 
 year. Other parties, among them a Troy stove manufacturing company, will be inter- 
 ested with him in this enterprise, which will employ about 300 mechanics and be one 
 of the leading industries of this section. 
 
 10 
 
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154 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 THE STEWART HEATER CO. 
 
 David P. Stewart and George A. Otis— Patentees and Manufacturers of 
 Peed Water Heaters, Single and Double Plunger Boiler Peed Pumps, 
 Tube Cleaners, Plue Blowers, etc.— Nos. 37 and 39 Clinton St. 
 
 The above-named flourishing com- 
 pany commenced operations on Me- 
 chanic street in January, 1883, but was 
 forced by heavy increase of orders to 
 remove in July, 1884, to Nos. 37 and 39 
 Clinton street, where two well-lighted 
 and convenient floors, each 30 by 100 
 feet, are occupied, and an excellent 
 plant of appropriate machinery is 
 operated by a competent force of 
 skilled workmen. The members of 
 the company, Messrs. David P. Stew- 
 art and George A. Otis, are both prac- 
 tical and experienced steam engi- 
 neers and are the inventors and paten- 
 tees of the devices manufactured in 
 their works, comprising Stewart's 
 patent feed water heater (illustrated 
 herewith), single and double plunger 
 boiler feed pumps, " Engineers' Favor- 
 ite" steam boiler tube cleaner, "Bed 
 Jacket " steam boiler flue blower, and 
 the Otis tubular heater. 
 
 All of the Stewart Heater Company's 
 machines and devices are enthusiasti- 
 cally indorsed by practical engineers 
 wherever tested. It would be impos- 
 sible in the limits of a notice of this 
 kind to illustrate and describe all of 
 these inventions, but those interested 
 will be supplied with all desired infor- 
 mation, descriptive and illustrated cir- 
 culars and catalogues on application by 
 mail or in person. Over 100 of this 
 company's feed water heaters are in use 
 in Buffalo's leading mills and factories, 
 and may be inspected at any time in 
 operation. 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 155 
 
 THE BUFFALO CHEMICAL WORKS. 
 
 Albert M. Kalbfleisch, President; Franklin H. Kalbfleisch, Vice-President; 
 Theo. V. Fowler, Secretary and Treasurer— Manufacturing Chemists — 
 Works, Abbott Road and Buffalo Creek ; Office, No. 255 Washington St., 
 Coal and Iron Exchange. 
 
 ^rms ~^^" ^*-^v^5i?^'' 
 
 The Buffalo Chemical Works, of which we herewith present a bird's-eye view, are 
 among the finest of the kind in the United States, covering with appurtenances a tract 
 of ten acres at the crossing of the Abbott road and Buffalo creek. Eight acres of the 
 ground are devoted to the company's brick buildings, thirteen in number, one and two 
 stories in height, provided with a superb equipment of machinery, chemical apparatus, 
 etc. , including two new platinum stills of large capacity, manufactured by Johnson, 
 Matthey & Co., of London, and the finest ever imported. In addition to the shipping 
 facilities aflorded by the Buffalo creek, which extends along one entire front of the 
 property, and by which they are directly connected with the Brie canal, they have 
 switches and tracks from the Buffalo Creek railroad, bringing them into direct connec- 
 tion with every railroad entering Buffalo When these works were first erected — 
 some fourteen or fifteen years ago — they were completely isolated, but are now sur- 
 rounded by many large manufacturing establishments, and by various railroad tracks, 
 thus rendering the plant and its location among the most desirable and valuable in the 
 vicinity of this city. 
 
 The Buffalo Chemical Works Company was organized and chartered in 1883, with a 
 cash capital of $300,000, and the venture has proved remarkably successful, both as a 
 business venture and for the influence it has exerted upon all of those interests relHted to 
 chemistry as a productive industry. Messrs. Albert M. and F. H. Kalbfleisch, respect- 
 ively president and vice-president, reside in New York, where they own and operate 
 extensive works of the same kind. Mr. Theo. V. Fowler, secretary and treasurer, has 
 the general management, assisted by a competent corps of practical che.nists and 
 about one hundred skilled workmen and laborers. The specialties comprise a superior 
 line of acids, embracing higli grade sulphuric, nitric, muriatic, acetic, mixed acids for 
 explosives, etc., together with best qualities alum, ammonia, tin crystals, glauber salts, 
 salsoda, bi-carbonate and sulphate soda for glass manufacturers, etc., for which they 
 have a ready demand in all the markets of the United States and Canada. In fact, they 
 have not been able hitherto to meet the growing request for their acids, but expect, 
 with the increase of their plant and the aid of the new stills referred to, to be able in 
 the future to fill all orders as fast as received. 
 
 The works turn out i™iiv8fla?*,-9Ji9^J^f>%7^^JSJ.9^^s, as may be inferred from the 
 
156 
 
 TSE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 fact that tlie company maintain a large number of tank cars, constructed especially for 
 their use. Their supplies of material come from widely distributed sources — the brim- 
 stone from Sicily, the alum clay from France, the nitrate of soda from Chili, etc. 
 
 Mr. Fowler, the manager, is an expert manufacturing chemist, a perfect man of 
 business, and an accomplished gentleman. He came hither from New York and took 
 charge of the works at their inception, and is devoted to his calling and the interests 
 of his company. 
 
 A. NEUPERT & CO., 
 
 Importers and Jobbers of Paper Hangings, ■Wind/)w Shades and Fixtixres, 
 Floor Oil Cloths, Room and Picture Mouldings, Mats, Mattings, etc. — 
 Palace of Trade Building, Nos. 464 and 466 Main and 271 and 273 
 Pearl St. 
 
 This splendid establishment, founded about 
 the year 1868 by Messrs Robinson & Korzelius, 
 passed into the hands of the present proprietors 
 in 1876, since which time it has flourished as 
 never before, enlarging its sphere of operations 
 and gaining thousands of new patrons at home 
 and abroad, while retaining the confidence and 
 custom of the old ones. 
 
 The Young Men's Association building, a 
 portion of which was so long occupied by them, 
 having been remodeled for other purposes, on 
 the first of November last Messrs. Neupert & Co. 
 removed to their present quarters, the north 
 half of the superb Palace of Trade building, 
 Nos. 464 and 466 Main street, 23 feet front by 235 
 feet deep to Pearl street, of which they occupy 
 the first floor and basement. The arrangements 
 for the transaction of a large and growing 
 business are very complete, each department 
 being separated from all others and a perfect 
 bazar in itself, the polite and attentive proprie- 
 tors, seconded by skillful and obliging salesmen, 
 giving personal and prompt attention to all customers and visitors. 
 
 The stock, always full and fresh, embraces all standard goods and imported and 
 domestic novelties in artistic and plain paper hangings, bronzes, embossed and solid 
 gilts, borders and friezes, ceiling decorations, window shades and fixtures of every kind 
 and price, floor oil cloths, gold and silver gilt room and picture mouldings, imported 
 and American mats and mattings, and, in short, everything in the line of house deco- 
 rations for which there is any demand. Having unusual advantages in the way of 
 special arrangements with home and foreign manufacturers, this house is at all times 
 enabled to supply the trade with the latest styles and patterns promptly and at the 
 lowest prices. 
 
 Messrs. Neupert & Co. have a large and rapidly increasing trade at home, as well as 
 throughout this and adjoining States, their last year's sales aggregating over $200,000. 
 They employ an average of thirty men in all departments, four of whom are regularly 
 on the road in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and Canada, surely and 
 steadily extending their connection into new territory year by year. 
 
 Mr. A. Neupert, the senior member and financier of the firm, is of German birth, 
 has resided in Buffalo for more than thirty-five years, and has been in this house since 
 its organization, previous to which he was for some years a member of R. W. Bell & Co. , 
 and one of its originators. Mr. P. Metzen, jr., was born in BufEalo; formerly in the 
 dry goods trade, but has had sixteen or seventeen years' experience in paper hangings 
 and kindred goods. He has charge of the interior decorations department. Mr. J. C. 
 Lutz looks after the wholesale department. He also is a native Buffalonian, formerly 
 in the book and dry goods line. For the past eighteen or nineteen years he has been 
 handling the same line of goods in which he is now interested. This is a reliable and 
 liberal house, and deserves the marked success that has attended its efforts to gratify a 
 cultivated taste and make '&^^ii^!^t^vMi^!QSffl^t for art decorations. 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 157 
 
 ROSEDALE FLORAL HALL. 
 
 Mrs. J. Hale, Florist and Dealer in Birds, Cages, Seeds, Gold Fish, 
 Aquaria, Globes, etc. — No. 174 Pearl St., near Niagara. 
 
 Mrs. Hale, formerly a successful and popular market gardener, possessed of natural 
 artistic taste and a love of the beautiful, establislied herself as a florist in 1871, at tbe 
 corner of Eagle and Washington streets. For two years previously she had been cuHi- 
 vating flowers on a liberal scale at her four large green-houses at the western end of West 
 Seneca, near the lake shore, and was therefore well prepared with ample stocks upon 
 which to draw. With a wide acquaintance among the best people of the city, great 
 skill and aptitude and remarkable business talent and tact, Mrs. Hale necessarily pros- 
 pered — so much so that in 1880 she removed to more commodious quarters at No. 4 North 
 Division, and later, her good fortune continuing, in 1883 she again removed, this time to 
 the handsome and elegantly arranged storeroom No. 174 Pearl street, which she still 
 occupies. Her green-houses, four in number, are each aO by 100 feet, built, heated, venti- 
 lated and conducted upon scientific principles and filled with a wilderness of the rarest, 
 sweetest and most popular plants, buds and blossoms, from which her customers are sup- 
 plied with all the latest designs of floral decorations and tributes for presents, parties, wed- 
 dings, funerals, and all occasions to which flowers are appropriate, together with cut 
 flowers, potted plants, Cape flowers, natural grasses, pampas plumes, immortelles, 
 pressed ferns, autumn leaves, and all novelties in floral favors. A large and varied 
 assortment of baskets, new styles in terra cotta ware, flower seeds, etc., form a portion 
 of her stock, while she makes a leading specialty of canary birds and gold fish, and 
 cages, globes and food for the same, doing in all a business of about $15,000 a year. 
 
 Mrs. Hale was born in Buffalo, manages her own business, and is an ardent student 
 and admirer of flowers and birds. She is ably seconded in her efforts to please and ben- 
 efit the public by her two polite and enegetic sons, George D. and P. S., the former of 
 whom, a floral artist of high repute, has charge of the salesroom and designing depart- 
 ment, while the latter, an educated florticulturist, manages the green-houses. 
 
 F. H . C. M EY, 
 
 Manufacturer of Mey's Patent Grain Dryer and Cooler ; also, of Improved 
 Detachable and Semi-Detachable Chain Belting for the Transmission 
 of Power In Mills, Elevators, etc., and Elevator Buckets — Nos. 64 to 68 
 Columbia St. 
 
 Mr. F. H. C. Mey, the inventor and patentee of the grain dryer and chain belting 
 that bear his name, is an ingenious mechanic and devoted student of the arts relating 
 to mechanics. He is a native of Erfurt, Prussia, and came to Buffalo in 1854. Ten 
 years later he constructed and patented his first grain dryer, and for the past twenty- 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
158 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 two years has been constantly improving upon tlie original idea, until now it stands 
 unrivaled for simplicity, capacity and efEectiveness. The above cut conveys a very clear 
 idea of the dryer, which is constructed upon the principle of subjecting the grain to 
 heat and motion, and is composed of a series of lengthwise-vibrating sheet-iron pans six 
 to eight inches deep and provided with perforated covers. The grain or other substance 
 to be dried is deposited upon the top pan by means of elevator No. 1, and then, by the 
 vibration of the pans, passes from one to the other until it reaches the bottom, heated 
 air being forced into the pans and into contact with the grain, malt, etc., by means of a 
 fan, at a pressure of one to five ounces per square inch, and, when dry, is carried by 
 elevator No. 2 to the cooler, and from there to place of storage or shipment. 
 
 WIEY'S CHAIN BELTING 
 
 Elevating.Driving and Conveying 
 Purnoses. 
 
 p]^tmlal"tB[aiiriali>;6>TpJs.tn )>.jiift)lpil.6lml&7 
 
 The above cut illustrates Mr. Mey's improved detachable and semi-detachable chain 
 belting, patented 1876, for driving machinery, elevating and conveying malt, grain, brew- 
 ers' grains, sawdust, tan-bark, coal, coke, stone, clay, phosphates, chemicals, fertilizers, 
 and other heavy substances requiring great power for their movement, for which pur- 
 poses it is unequaled. 
 
 Mr. Mey is also the inventor and manufacturer of a variety of mill and elevator 
 appliances, including elevator boots, Buffalo Champion elevator buckets, conveyors, 
 etc. , for descriptions of which we have not space in these pages. Illustrated catalogues 
 will be mailed to all interested partirs who apply. 
 
 Mr. Mey's devices are unreservedly indorsed by the officers of the Buffalo Board of 
 Trade and by most of the leading elevator men, millers, maltsters, coal dealers, brick 
 manufacturers, insurance agents, etc., of this city. 
 
 VOSBURGH, WHITING & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Booksellers and Stationers — Importers of Albums and. Fancy 
 
 Goods— No. 304 Main St. 
 
 Vosburgh, Whiting & Co. is the only wholesale book and stationery firm in Buffalo, 
 and, having exclusive control of the market tributary to this city, do a very heavy 
 business with the retail trade, local and country. They occupy the entire four-story 
 business building at No. 304 Main street, which with basement, 20 feet front and 90 
 feet deep, is none too large for their requirements. They carry an immense stock of all 
 goods in their line, embracing all standard library and educational works — history, 
 travels, philosophy, science, poetry and romance, together with heavy lines of blank 
 books for all purposes, scrap books, toy books, etc., and an infinite variety of stationery 
 of all kinds for business and correspondence, fancy papeteries, office supplies, etc., all of 
 the most careful selections, best grades and latest styles. The firm also import direct 
 every description of novelties in photograph, autograph and souvenir albums, of which 
 they make a specialty, and are prepared to offer as fine goods at as reasonable prices as 
 can be obtained in New York city. Their travelers cover all of Western New York 
 and Pennsylvania, and the house is building up a large and flourishing trade, their 
 sales for the past year aggregating about $150,000. 
 
 Messrs. John L. Vosburgh, DuMonte A. Whiting and Willis P. Whiting compose 
 the firm. All are young men of great industry and capacity, and all from Rochester, 
 N. Y., where Messrs. Vosburgh and W. P. Whiting gained their practical knowledge 
 of the business, both having traveled for Rochester's leading book and stationery 
 house. 
 
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THE mDU8TBmS OF BUFFALO. 
 
 159 
 
 GEORGE M. KYLE, 
 
 Wholesale Manufacturer of Dress, Upholstery and Drapery Trimmings — 
 "Works, Cor. Washington and Clinton Sts. ; Office, Room 46 Arcade 
 Building. 
 
 '/I GEO. M. KVLC 
 
 m MANUFACTURER OF ■ 
 
 f Dress Drapery 
 
 lll=15iiiKni>3lrH 
 
 k (, TRIMMINGS 
 
 A moment's reflection will convince any one 
 tliat the above business — ^the manufacture of 
 trimmings — must aggregate a vast amount an- 
 nually, whether measured by quantity or value, 
 and that it is, in fact, a very important industry. 
 Mr. George M. Kyle, formerly book-keeper for 
 H. J. Comstock, lounge manufacturer (now Hol- 
 land & Vilas), was the first to recognize in Buffalo 
 an advantageous site for the establishment of 
 a modern trimmings factory, and, seizing the 
 opportunity presented by the retirement of 
 Frederick Hiages and his son William, who, for twenty years, had struggled under 
 diiRculties in the same line, purchased, remodeled and refitted the plant at Washing- 
 ton and Clinton streets, in the Arcade building, in 1886, and has already made a 
 pronounced success of the new venture, employing a competent force of skilled 
 operatives, and supplying the trade of Buffalo and vicinity with the best and most 
 elegant goods in his line, sales for the first year reaching $10,000 iu Talue, with 
 prospects of a rapid increase. 
 
 Mr. Kyle's office is in room 46, Arcade building, convenient and inviting. His 
 sales-rooms adjoin, and buyers of trimmings of any description, for dresses, cloaks, 
 upholstery, etc., fringes, tassels and kindred goods, will find what they want here in 
 every grade. A specialty is made of making goods to order, and duplicates of any 
 desired pattern are made at short notice and satisfaction guaranteed. 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 
 
 The 
 
 Meech Bros., Proprietors— Nos. 245 to 349 Main St. 
 
 Academy of Music is Buffalo's dramatic temple par excellence. It was 
 
 originally erected about the year 1855 by Henry T. Meech, father of the present owners, 
 who died in IS'I'O after a managerial career of half a century — a career full of event and 
 of interest, during which he became the intimate associate of moat of the celebrities of 
 Ms time, including the elder Booth, Forrest and scores of the greater lights of tragedy 
 and comedy. On his decease he was succeeded by his sons, Henry L. and John H., both 
 natives of Albany, born in a theatrical atmosphere and literally bred to dramatic man- 
 agement, both in the office and on the stage. "The Meech Brothers liave had long and 
 valuable experience in their vocation, and have brought out several of the most suc- 
 cessful and popular ornaments of the American stage — among them Joe Emmett, as a 
 reminder and souvenir of which each carries a magnificent gold chronometer presented 
 by " Unser Fritz" as a mark of gratitude and regard, he having made the first appear- 
 ance of his remarkable career under their management iu 1869. 
 
 As before stated, the elder Meech built this theatre, naming it the Metropolitan. 
 He also built the Rochester opera-house iu 1868. On the accession of the sons in 1870 
 the name was changed to the Academy of Music, under which it became one of the 
 most famous places of amusement in this country, outgrowing its capacity and accom- 
 modations. Consequently, in 1882, the entire establishment was remodeled, the entrance 
 brought around from Washington to Main street, the stage and auditorium reconstructed 
 throughout, and everything that good taste, artistic and mechanical skill, backed by 
 ample resources, could do was done to render the Academy commodious, attractive and 
 comfortable. The building, three stories on Main and four on Washington, is 200 feet 
 deep, 51 feet front on the former and 70 feet front on the latter street, and is an archi- 
 tectural ornament to the city. The property belongs to the" brothers, whoare noted 
 for public spirit and enterprise, popular with the people at home, and well-known and 
 popular among the theatrical profession from San Francisco to London. 
 
 The best attractions on the road, embracing both the legimate drama and opera, are 
 regularly presented on the boards of the Academy, and the most eminent actors and 
 singers appear here when they visit Buffalo. 
 
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160 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 SIBLEY & HOLMWOOD, 
 
 The Buffalo Steam Confectionery "Works— Manufacturers of Staple and 
 Special Confectionery — Southwest corner Seneca and Wells Sts. 
 
 The city of Buffalo, among 
 its varied and numerous in- 
 dustries, boasts one of the 
 most extensive manufacto- 
 ries of confectionery in the 
 United States — that of Sibley 
 ui Holmwood, whose elegant 
 four-story brick building, 
 fronting 50 feet on Seneca 
 with a depth of 100 feet on 
 Wells street, is herewith 
 illustrated. The concern was 
 founded by the present pro- 
 prietors in 1873, at No. 133 
 Seneca street, removing to No. 
 Ill Seneca street in 1876, and 
 to the present location, erect- 
 ed specially for the purpose, 
 in 1880. The house has been 
 a prosperous one from the 
 start, Mr, Frank Sibley hav- 
 ing had many years' experi- 
 ence as a traveler for leading 
 confectioners, and Mr. James 
 Holmwood being thoroughly 
 conversant with the business 
 for six or seven years pre- 
 vious to the formation of the 
 firm. 
 
 The firm of Sibley & Holm- 
 wood employ from 175 to 200 
 operatives in all departments, 
 besides the finest and most 
 complete equipment of ma- 
 chinery suitable for the busi- 
 ness to be found in Western 
 New York, turning out some 
 $300,000 worth of goods an- 
 nually. They make a spe- 
 cialty of penny goods, and 
 probably produce and sell more of ibem than any other house in the United States, 
 finding eager customers all over the East, West, North and South as far as Baltimore. 
 
 That the house is in a flourishing condition is evidenced by the fact that in order to 
 keep up with their orders they have been compelled to lease two great upper floors of 
 the adjoining building, each 35 by 100 feet, for manufacturing and storage purposes. 
 
 GUS. E. KURTZ. 
 
 Fashionable Tailor — No. 10 £}ast Elagle St. 
 
 Mr. Kurtz came to Buffalo from New York, of which latter city he is a native, in 
 1881, and established himself at his present location in 1885, having been for a year 
 previous at No. 193 Seneca street. He has a very handsome store, occupying the ground 
 floor of the large four-story building at No. 10 East Eagle street, 25 feet front and 40 
 feet deep. He employs a full force of skillful operative tailors, and does a large busi- 
 ness with the fashionable people of Buffalo and some Western cities. 
 
 Mr Kurtz has a thorough practical knowledge of custom tailoring in all its details, 
 is an energetic, enterprising and industrious gentleman, and gives his large and growing 
 circle of patrons entire satisfaction in quality, style and prices. 
 
 Digitized Dy Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 161 
 
 THE DEMPSTER ENGINE WORKS, 
 
 Manufacturers of and Dealers in Blngines, Boilers and Macliinery— Nos. 34, 
 36, 38 and 40 Washington St. 
 
 This leading industrial establlsliment 
 was founded by Mr. Robert Dempster in 
 1855, and has had several changes of style, 
 under each of which its reputation has 
 become more and more generally known, 
 and Its status as a representative house 
 more firmly fixed. The leading specialty 
 is the Dempster vertical engine and boiler 
 combined, made in four sizes from three 
 to four, six and ten-horse power. They 
 are constructed on the old plan of dura- 
 bility — the boilers of wrought iron and 
 steel plate (no cast iron used) ; three-horse 
 power can be run at a cost of two cents 
 per hour, and occupies only 24 by 42 inches 
 of floor space. The highest grade of sci- 
 entific and mechanical skill have been lav- 
 ished upon its perfection. This engine 
 requires no more attention than an ordinary 
 heating stove, is strong, safe and compact, 
 and remarkably cheap — half of former 
 price. The subjoined table gives dimen- 
 sions and capacity of the Dempster vertical 
 engines and boilers : 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 12! 
 
 O 
 
 W 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 "3 «■ 
 
 (U O <u 
 
 n 
 
 a OS 
 gfc. 
 
 P. 
 
 .2 3 
 
 II 
 > 
 
 O 
 
 li 
 
 (h4 
 
 ■SfQ 
 
 B - 
 16 
 
 •3 
 !2; 
 
 o 
 
 tJO=' 
 
 O 
 
 ID a 
 
 5 
 
 
 O "u 
 
 si 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 16X4 
 
 10x4 
 
 300 
 
 20 
 
 48 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 900 
 
 $235 00 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 20X4 
 
 12X4 
 
 175 
 
 24 
 
 60 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 1500 
 
 300 00 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 20x4 
 
 14X4 
 
 160 
 
 28 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 1700 
 
 350 00 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 86X6 
 
 18 X 6 
 
 150 
 
 84 
 
 60 
 
 24 
 
 44 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 3400 
 
 535 00 
 
 Parties in want of economical and serviceable engines will do well to address the 
 Dempster Engine Works, Nos. 84 to 40 Washington street, Buffalo, N. Y. The works 
 are very complete in all departments, employ a fine line of improved modern machinery 
 and many first-class workmen, and are prepared to fill all orders promptly and in the 
 best manner. The past history of the house is the best guarantee of its future. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
162 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 CITY AND TIFFT ELEVATORS. 
 
 N. 
 
 Y. C. & H. R. Railroad Co., Proprietors; J. "W. "Whitney, Manager — City 
 Elevator, foot of Michigan St. ; Tifft Elevator, foot of Chicago St. 
 
 These two superb ele- 
 vators are among tlie 
 most conspicuous in this 
 port. Tile City elevator 
 was erected by the New 
 York Central & Hudson 
 River Railroad Company 
 in 1866, and has storage 
 capacity for 550,000 
 bushels of grain. The 
 Tifft elevator, built in 
 1867 by the late George 
 W. Tifft, and purchased 
 by the railroad company 
 in 1873, is of 370,000 
 bushels capacity. Both 
 together are capable of 
 handling, in first-class 
 style, 25,000,000 bushels 
 annually, and, being 
 located directly upon 
 the Buffalo river and 
 railroad tracks, have 
 every requisite for the 
 receipt and shipment of 
 grain. Our engravings 
 give a batter idea of the 
 appearance and extent of 
 
 these great elevators than could be conveyed by any amount of descriptive writing. 
 
 Constructed with special reference to the handling of bulk grain, its transfer from lake 
 
 vessels to railroad cars, and 
 
 provided with the latest im 
 
 proved and most powerful 
 
 machinery, both for elevat 
 
 ing purposes and the hand 
 
 ling of cars, nothing desira 
 
 ble has been neglected in 
 
 their equipment. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Whitney, the 
 
 manager, is a member of the 
 
 grain commission firm of 
 
 Whitney & Gibson, rooms 
 
 14 and 15 Board of Trade 
 
 and a resident of Rochester 
 
 He is a thorough business 
 
 man of great capacity and 
 
 large experience, and con- 
 ducts the affairs of the City 
 
 and Tifft elevators to the 
 
 satisfaction of shippers and 
 
 railroad company alike. The 
 
 Central Railroad Company 
 
 is to be congratulated upon 
 
 securing the services of so 
 
 competent and popular a 
 
 manager, whose best efforts 
 
 are given to the service of 
 
 its patrons. 
 
 Digit 
 
THE INDUaTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 163 
 
 THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO. 
 
 Manufacturers of Billiard and Pool Tables, Bar Fixtures and Bowling- 
 Alley Outfits— Buffalo Oifice, Nos. 587 and 589 Main St. 
 
 The Buffalo branch office of the Brunswick-Balke Collender Co. was opened in June, 
 1881, for the successful handling of the business in this city and surrounding territory. 
 The magnitude of the operations of this company can be inferred from the fact that branch 
 offices are maintained in all the leading cities. There are thirty of these, including two 
 in Canada, and at each a complete stock is carried. For a long time the rivalry between 
 the J. M. Brunsw ick & Balke Company and the H. W. Collender Company was sharp. 
 They were the acknowledged leaders in the manufacture of billiard tables, and each left 
 nothing undone to bring out some new or novel feature. The stimulus which thia 
 rivalry gave to a proper cultivation of the gentlemanly game of billiards is well known. 
 The best talent in the country was brought to the front in tournaments and exhibi- 
 tions, until it seemed as if the possibilities of the game were unlimited. The consoli- 
 dation of these two great establishmenta resulted in advantages to both and the trade 
 as well. It enlarged the scope of the new company's operations and at the same time 
 largely reduced expenses, which, as a matter of course, was immediately felt by the 
 trade. The manufacturing establishments of the consolidated company, at New York, 
 Chicago and Cincinnati, are ample for all requirements of the trade, which extends 
 into several foreign countries. Mr. A. G. Frankenstein is the Buffalo agent of the 
 company, and has been very successful in that capacity. He was formerly book- 
 keeper for the Joit Brewing Co., and is a first-class business man. He personally loolcs 
 after the trade of the house, and does it very effectively. 
 
 THE MANSION HOUSE. 
 
 Wesley Cpouch & Co., Proprietors— Exchange St., from Main to Washington. 
 
 The traveler of experience 
 usually judges the cities he 
 visits by their hotels. This 
 fact is so generally recognized 
 that public-spirited citizens 
 tacitly and with one accord 
 yield to the principal and rep- 
 resentative hotels everywhere a 
 large proportion of their sup- 
 port in acknowledgment of the 
 influence they exert in attract- 
 ing and detaining ptrangers 
 from a distance — tourists for 
 business or pleasure — and im- 
 pressing them favorably with 
 _ local resources. The old- 
 
 established and popular Man- 
 sion House — Buffalo's historical and favorite hostelry of eighty-one years standing — 
 has always occupied a position in the front rank of inland hotels, not only because of 
 the good cheer dispensed within its hospitable walls, but because of its location and 
 convenience to the manufactiiring and wholesale districts, the railroad depots, the 
 canal, elevators and wharves. 
 
 The present Mansion House site was origin«lly occupied in 1795 b> William John- 
 son, the famous British-Indian interpreter, who erected there a log-house. In 1806 
 John Crow opened a frontier tavern on the same spot, there being but ten houses in the 
 village, and in 1809 a Mr. Landon occupied the same location witli Landon's tavern, 
 which was used also as a courthouse, and was the principal public house of entertaia- 
 meni The house fell a prey to the torch when the gentle British and savages burned 
 the village in 1813. The house was subsequently rebuilt, and occupied by Mr. Burton, 
 who, in 1825-36, gave it the name which has ever since clung to it. Mr. Burton was 
 succeeded by Philip Dorsheiraer, and he in regular line by others. The house was 
 reconstructed in 1843, and again in 1846, and enlarged and improved from time to time 
 until the present commodious and elegant hotel resulted, a six-story, substantial brick 
 
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164 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 building, 100 feet front on Main street by 200 feet on Exchange, completely remodeled 
 about four years ago and refitted and refurnished in the best manner throughout, with 
 150 large, well-lighted and well-ventilated sleeping-rooms, parlors, reading-rooms, 
 office, baggage-room, bath-rooms, and all desirable appurtenances, capable of comfort- 
 ably accommodating 200 guests. The house stands clear of other buildings; all hall 
 and cross walls are of brick ; roof of iron ; heated by steam ; lighted by incandescent 
 electric lamps throughout ; provided with fire-escapes, and the safest caravansery in 
 Buffalo. Electric bells and a fine passenger elevator contribute to the comfort, ease and 
 security of patrons. The furniture, furnishings, decorations, etc., are all that could be 
 desired, the service first-class, the table equal to any in the country, the beds luxurious, 
 clean, broad and inviting, the proprietors and clerks polite and obliging, and, to crown 
 all, the bills moderate. A skilled painter and paper-hanger is regularly employed the 
 year round, and nothing is permitted to suffer from neglect. 
 
 Since Messrs. Wesley Crouch & Co. took charge of the Mansion House, a year and a 
 half ago, the patronage has more than doubled — the best possible testimony to the effi- 
 ciency and acceptability of their management. A curiosity of the establishment, 
 exhibited with pride to visitors, is a receipted bill of a guest, paid Jan. 39, 1840 — forty- 
 seven years old — which is framed and hangs in the office. 
 
 J. M. VAN NORMAN. 
 
 Photographic Parlors and Studio— No. 359 Main St. 
 
 A more interesting place than a photograph 
 gallery, for any person who is an admirer of 
 the beautiful in art, would be difficult to find. 
 Especially is this the case where there is 
 such a fine collection of portraits as the 
 studio of J. M. Van Norman's contains. Here 
 is an illustration of what enterprise combined 
 with th6 necessary business qualifications can 
 accomplish. A little over two years ago this 
 gentleman located at Murdock's old stand, 
 Xo. 359 Main street. He immediately effected 
 a complete transformation in the establish- 
 ment, and it is now conceded to be one of the 
 best equipped galleries in the country. The 
 cabinet work executed by Mr. Van Norman 
 is unsurpassed in finish. Since his first bid 
 for the patronage of citizens of Buffiilo and 
 vicinity this gentleman has been accorded 
 remarkable success. This is due to the fine 
 artistic taste exhibited in posing, and that 
 liappy combination of light and shade which 
 secures the best results. During an experi- 
 i^nce of twenty-one years in the business Mr. 
 Van Norman has always personally attended 
 to finishing all work intrusted to his hands. 
 Then again, his prices are an important factor 
 in diverting patronage from the older estab- 
 lishments. For, instance, cabinets, single 
 face, are but $4 a dozen, while at other places the price ranges up to $8 on work which 
 in no particular can claim superiority. In grouping Mr. Van Norman shows his ability 
 to great advantage. The writer was shown a group of twenty-two young ladies, 
 students at St. Margaret's school, which was in the true artistic sense a gem. In acces- 
 sories Mr. Van Norman's studio equals any other in the city. Here are a few of 
 them, by way of illustration : Seavey's rustic cottage, rustic window, Seavey's well, 
 boats, summer house, Mexican hammock, grove, swing, large and small rocks, Seavey's 
 rustic stile and steps, interior steps, balustrade, bridge, elegant new rustic seats, circular 
 seats with tree, new rustic fences with gates, cutter with horse and dog, fine phaeton, 
 gas-lamp and rocks for winter, brass instruments, musket, caps, high hats, straw hats, 
 fans, parsisols, guitar, banjo, violin, fife, music stand ; also any kind of back-ground 
 desired — snow scenes, summer scenes, interior and plain grounds. 
 
 Mr. Van Norman is a native of Titus ville. Pa. He is certainly entitled to great 
 credit for the unsurpassed facilities affijrded this city in photography. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 165 
 
 MILLER, GREINER & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Grocers and Produce Dealers — Nos. 341, 343, 845 and 847 
 
 Washington St. 
 
 The wholesale grocery trade of Buffalo 
 is among her leading business interests, 
 and the house of Miller, Qreiner & Co. is 
 one of the most prominent representatives 
 of that interest. The house was founded 
 by Mr. A. D. A. Miller, who began busi- 
 ness at Commercial and Canal streets in 
 1834, removing to the foot of Main street 
 in 1849. In 1852 the style was changed, on 
 the admission of Mr. John Qreiner, to A. 
 D. A. Miller & Co. Later Messrs. Albert 
 C. Miller and Charles Greiner became mem- 
 bers of the firm, and the concern was re- 
 moved to the present location, where they 
 occupied a splendid four-story brick build- 
 ing,70 by 175 feet, in 1875, since which time 
 they have rapidly developed their trade, 
 the transactions now reaching $1,000,000 
 to $1,500,000 per annum, and extending 
 all over New Tort, Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
 Mr. A. D. A. Miller is a native of Switz- 
 erland, coming to Buffalo in 1834. Mr. 
 John Greiner came here from Alsace in 
 1836, and has been in the grocery business since 1840. Both of these gentlemen were 
 for many years members of the Board of Trade. Messrs. Charles Greiner and A. C. 
 Miller are natives of Buffalo, the former a brother of Mr. John Qreiner. He has been 
 in the trade since 1854 and is a director of the Erie County Savings Bank. Mr. A. C. 
 Miller is a son of A. D. A. Miller, and as before stated has had a business experience of 
 more than twenty-one years. 
 
 Messrs. Miller, Greiner & Co. are strictly wholesale dealers in groceries and produce, 
 embracing full lines of sugars, coffees, teas, syrups, molasses, dried, smoked, salt and 
 pickled fish, soaps, candles, grocers' drugs and sundries, spices, fancy and shelf goods, 
 manufactured tobacco and cigars, flavoring extracts, baking powders, whisky, wooden- 
 ware, cordage, dried and green fruits, and, in short, everything required by the trade, 
 all of the best grades and sold at lowest market quotations. The retail dealer who re- 
 plenishes his stock without inspecting the goods and prices of this firm will probably 
 make a mistake, as no more liberal or accommodating house, or larger or better assort- 
 ment of goods can be found between the Atlantic and Pacific. 
 
 QUEEN CITY SHIRT CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Gentlemen's White Shirts— Nos. 44 to 48 Exchange St. 
 
 Among the more prominent wholesale manufacturers of shirts, the Queen City Shirt 
 Company of Buffalo stands conspicuous. This now flourishing concern was established 
 on a modest scale in November of 1881, occupying one floor at Mohawk and Main 
 streets. Later, in order to secure increased space and facilities, the factory was 
 removed to the Wright block. No. 563 Main street, where, occupying nearly three 
 entire floors, employing a large force of hands, and turning out immense quantities of 
 superior goods, the company remained for two years and a-half. Again finding them- 
 selves cramped for room, they on January 1, 1886, took possession of their present 
 convenient and commodious premises — three floors, 50 by 105 feet each, of the fine 
 building Nos. 44 to 48 Exchange street. Five hundred hands are employed, and it is 
 estimated that from $300,000 to $250,000 worth of finished goods will be put upon the 
 market per annum. The specialties of this most extensive house of the kind outside 
 of New York and Troy embrace all popular grades of gentlemen's fine and medium 
 white unlaundried shirts. The firm consume an average of twenty cases of best cotton 
 goods per week. All machinery employed is run by steam, and the factory runs steadily 
 and with a full force of operatives during ten months of each year, the slack time being 
 
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166 
 
 TEE INDUSTEIBS OF BUFFALO. 
 
 June and parts of November and December. A stock of eight to ten thousand dozen 
 of shirts is carried, subject to orders at all seasons. Three experienced salesmen are 
 constantly on the road, and orders pour in steadily from year's end to year's end from 
 all portions of the East, West and South. 
 
 The proprietors are Messrs George P. Raymond, C. S. Guild and M. Nellany. Mr. 
 Raymond has charge of the finances, and is general manager of the manufacturing 
 department ; Mr. Guild has charge of the sales and agents, and Mr. Nellany is a silent 
 partner, but lends his advice in matters of importance. 
 
 Mr. S. N. Peck is foreman of the principal factory here. Extensive branches are 
 maintained at East BufEalo, Tonawanda and Lockport. 
 
 G. ELI AS 8i BRO.. 
 
 Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in Hard and Soft Timber and Lum- 
 ber—General Office, No. 22 Weist Swan St. ; Yards on Ganson St. 
 
 The lumber trade is one of Buffalo's leading industries, owing both to the con- 
 venience of her location to the pine and liardwood regions, wliicli are easily and 
 expeditiously reached by rail and lake, and to tlie numerous outlets by rail and canal 
 leading east, west, north and south. The energy, enterprise and public spirit mani- 
 fested by the owners of the various establishments here, devoted to this branch of 
 business, has long been a subject of comment, and as an example of the spirit displayed 
 in tlie development of the lumber trade the brilliant career of Q. Elias & Bro., No. 32 
 West Swan street, supplies an excellent illustration. Since 1875, when this now 
 prominent firm was established, their business has steadily expanded territorially and 
 in the volume of sales until at this writing it extends from Oregon on the west to 
 Liverpool and Glasgow on the east. Their experience and skill in the manufacture and 
 sale of this product, with their thorough knowledge of every possible detail of the 
 business, reinforced by their wonderful sources of supply — owning and operating five 
 mills of their own in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky, sawing millions of feet annu- 
 ally in order to keep pace with tlie demand — with their vast trade constantly increasing, 
 shows that even the full measure of prosperity so far vouchsafed the house will be 
 surpassed in its future business operations. 
 
 G. Elias & Bro.'s docks and yard, located on Ganson street, extend over several 
 acres of ground, and are admirably located with reference to the receipt and shipment 
 as well as storage of lumber and timber, both by rail and water. The firm carry 
 immense stocks of hardwood and pine in all grades and of every description, employ 
 a large force of men, and make a specialty of sawing to order pine, hemlock and oak 
 bill stuff for the trade, and with the possession of unexcelled facilities are prepared to 
 fill orders, large or small, carefully and promptly, a fact that will be cheerfully attested 
 by all old and new patrons whose name and nujaiber is legion, both at home and 
 abroad, their sales averagin^thiee qttarters'of'a'Sfinrtm dollars annually. 
 
THE INDV8TB1E8 OF BUFFALO. 167 
 
 DR. E. S. BURNHAM, OPTICIAN, 
 
 No. 390 Main St. 
 
 None save tUoee who have lost it can fully appreciate the 
 value of good eyesight, nor can any one outside the profession 
 measure the difficulties that lie in the way of successful treat- 
 ment of diseases of the eye and even partial restoration of im- 
 paired sight. Diseases of the organs of vision, too, are on the 
 increase., as may be seen by the constantly augmenting number 
 of those who, for one reason or another, are compelled to resort 
 to the use of glasses at an age when the eyes of our fathers and 
 grandfathers were at their best — it being nothing unusual to 
 meet very young children so afflicted. The causes are doubtless to be found in the 
 altered modes of life that now obtain — late hours, strong artificial lights, too close ap- 
 plication to study, etc. ; whatever they are, the fact remains that we are fast becoming 
 a purblind people, and the only remedies at hand are an abandonment of our social and 
 reading habits or resort to the optician — for medical and surgical science offer us but 
 temporary relief at least, and skillfully fitted glasses present the only practicable hope 
 for those whose eyes exhibit symptoms of deterioration. 
 
 Of the numerous eminent professional gentlemen residing in Buffalo few have a wider, 
 more enviable or better deserved reputation in their several pursuits than has Prof. E. S. 
 Burnham, the well-known and successful optician at No. 390 Main street. Dr. Burn- 
 ham is a native of Vermont, but has made his home and practiced his profession here 
 for the past six years or so, building up a first-class fame, more particularly for his 
 success in fitting every description of weak and diseased eyes with spectacles and eye- 
 glasses a branch of his art of which he makes a specialty and in which he has no su- 
 perior, as is attested by the fact that much of his best patronage comes from the Eastern 
 States, while he has a constantly growing clientele all over the Union. Prof. Burnham 
 carries a superb assortment of gold and other frames, and the largest and most varied 
 stock of axis pebble and Paris- white crystal glasses ever brought to Buffalo, which he 
 fits upon actual examination of the eyes, risking no haphazard guess as to suitability 
 in any case. He makes a leading specialty of preparing glasses for sufferers from 
 myopia, presbyopia, hypermetropia, diapiopia and astigmatism, and his success in the 
 treatment of these affections is the best guarantee of his scientific and professional 
 knowledge. Parties troubled with difficulties of vision, arising from whatever cause, 
 will find Prof. Burnham prepared to afford them relief and render the most satisfactory 
 aid possible from a thorough knowledge of the subject and practically unlimited 
 mechanical and scientific resources. 
 
 E. GALLAGHER, 
 
 Forwarding and Commission Merchant — No. 61 Pearl St. 
 
 Of the old-established and well-known forwarders and commission merchants of 
 Buffalo, IVIr. B. Gallagher, No. 61 Pearl street, is one of the most conspicuous. Mr. Q. 
 first embarked in canal forwarding in 1860 as a member of the firm of Joseph Carley 
 & Co., composed of Messrs. Joseph Carley, James Jamison, William Foot (now de- 
 ceased), and Mr. Gallagher. Two years later Mr. Foot retired, and the late Gilbert 
 Candee' succeeded to the vacancy. After three years more Mr. Carley withdrew, the 
 style bfcoraing E. Gallagher & Co., S. A. Gillespie being admitted. This firm was dis- 
 solved at the end of three years, Mr. Gallagher conducting the business on his individual 
 account until 1867, when the firm of Lothridge, Gallagher & Co., composed of A. L. 
 Lotliridge, B. Gallagher and the late Jeff. Collins of Troy, was organized. This firm 
 was dissolved by the death of Mr. Collins in the autumn of 1881. The following spring 
 saw the formation of the firm of Gallagher, Bissell & Co., composed of E. Gallagher, 
 A. A. Bissell and James Mulhall. jr. This firm also was dissolved, in 1884, and since 
 that time Mr. Gallagher has had no partner. He does a very extensive business in the 
 forwarding of freights — grain, lumber, coal, iron, stone, oil, etc. — from the various lake 
 ports to Troy, Albany, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and all intermediate points, 
 is agent for a considerable fleet of canal craft, gives through rates when desired, and 
 makes a point of handling all freights promptly and satisfactorily to shippers. His 
 agents and consignees are as follows: David Taylor, No. 14 South street. New York ; 
 F. O. Potter, West Troy andAltony ;, A. N Poraeroy. Utica. 
 
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168 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 C. p. CHU RCHIL L'S SONS, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Grocers — No. 120 East Seneca St. 
 
 The grocery trade is one of the few branches of business in which every man, 
 woman and child in the world is directly interested, for it caters to the wants of all 
 alike — the rich, the poor, the old, the young, of all conditions, colors and sizes, without 
 reference to religious belief or political bias. The grocer, and more especially the 
 wholesale grocer, is the missionary of home comfort, the apostle of good cheer, and 
 above all men should be honest, just and liberal, for upon him depends the health and 
 happiness of a vast constituency. And, happily for us all, the wholesale grocer is 
 usually an upright and faithful servant of the public. 
 
 Probably the oldest wholesale house of this kind now in existence here is that of 
 C. P. Churchill's Sons, No. 120 East Seneca street, founded by Mr. C. P. Churchill in 
 1840, the first stand being at Main and Ellicott square. Later he removed to Main and 
 Court streets, then to Main and Mohawk, and in 1870 to the present location. There 
 have also been several changes in the style, which was first C. P. Churchill, then 
 Churchill & Parker, then Churchill & Co., then C. P. Churchill again, from 1878 to 1879 ; 
 then C. P. Churchill & Sons, and finally, in 1885, on the death of the senior member, the 
 firm as it now stands succeeded. In all the years of its existence, nearly half a cen- 
 tury, the house has maintained a first-class reputation for fair and liberal dealing, and 
 has prospered accordingly, the annual sales now reaching about $100,000. The premises 
 now occupy three floors and basement, 35 by 80 feet, and the stock, as well selected as 
 any ever brought to this market, comprises full lines of staple and fancy groceries — 
 sugars, cofiees, teas, house-keeping goods, provisions, flour, molasses, syrups, imported 
 and American luxuries, canned and shelf goods — in short, everything usually found 
 in an establishment of the kind, of the best quality, fresh, pure and wholesome. 
 
 C. P. Churchill's Sons are prepared to make lowest quotations to the trade for all 
 goods in their line, making specialties of foreign and domestic green and dried fruits, 
 teas, cofEees and spices, butter and cheese of highest grades, and canned goods of all 
 kinds. 
 
 The Churchills come of revolutionary New England stock, their great-grandfather 
 having fallen in that great struggle. Their grandfather was also a soldier, taking part 
 in the war of 1812. At the age of twenty-two their father embarked in business here. 
 At that time Buflklo numbered but about 6,500 inhabitants. During his forty- eight 
 years of active business life it has grown to over 200,000 inhabitants. He also had the 
 satisfaction of seeing the unpretentious retail business of long ago expand and 
 flourish until to-day the wholesale department as well as the retail is something to be 
 proud of. 
 
 JOHN C. DUN HAM, 
 
 Manufacturer of Fine Shirts to Order — Proprietor of Dunham's Steam 
 Liaundry — Nos. 60 and 62 Niagara St. 
 
 A neat-fitting, well-made fine shirt, perfectly laundried, is the supreme requisite of 
 a gentleman's toilet, the lack of which cannot be compensated. The art of shirt-making 
 has taken wonderful strides of late years, and all who wish — and who does not ? — may 
 indulge in elegant linen at very small outlay. Beady-made shirts are sold for a song 
 everywhere, and do very well for those whose means are limited, or whose tastes are 
 easily gratified ; but the better and more particular class are not so easily satisfied, and 
 require shirts made to measure that minister to the wearer's comfort, and can be 
 depended upon not to go to pieces in the hands of the laundress. The experienced and 
 tasty shirt manufacturer, therefore, is certain of liberal support and a steady trade, let 
 the times be what they may. Such an one is Mr. John C. Dunham, Nos. 60 and 63 
 Niagara street, who learned the trade in his father's large factory at Troy. Coming here 
 in 1873, he was with the well-known old house of S. N. Lawrence & Son for five years, 
 establishing himself on his own account in 1877. In October, 1880, he admitted a 
 partner, the fvrm being Dunham & Shepherd; in March, 1883, Mr. Shephard withdrew, 
 since which time Mr. Dunham has conducted the business alone and with remarkable 
 success. He has removed several times, but now has a very desirable location, occupy- 
 ing two floors, 47 by 100 feet, running a first-class laundry in connection with his shirt 
 factory, employing some fourteen hands, and doing an annual business of over $13,000 
 — the laundry being a very popular one in and around the city, and the shirt trade 
 extending all over the United States. A fiourishing branch is maintained at No. 78 
 
 East Eagle street. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
TEE INBUSTRIBS OF BUFFALO. 
 
 169 
 
 iilllil 
 
 
 me-piiuiiwui '^iJL 
 
 BICKFOR D & F RANCIS. 
 
 Manufacturers of the Celebrated "B. O. and D." Brand Strictly Short-Lap 
 Pure Oak-Tanned Leather Belting and Hose, the Very Best Produced — 
 Nos. 53 and 55 Exchange St. 
 
 _ Witli the development of the country and the 
 
 establishment of new manufacturing enterprises the 
 demand for all classes of machinery and equipments 
 is constantly augmenting, and with experience own- 
 ers of industrial plants learn that in the purchase of 
 supplies, as in other matters, the best is the cheapest 
 and always makes the best returns for the outlay. 
 The march of improvement, too, is not confined to 
 any one particular path, but ramifies every avenue 
 of eifort, so that a forward step in one direction is in- 
 variably but the precusor of a like stride in another. 
 Thus it is that in milling and other industries em- 
 ploying steam the crude and feeble and uncertain 
 engine of an earlier date is superseded by new forms 
 and appliances that economize fuel, time and labor, 
 and supply vastly enhanced power at even less ex- 
 penditure of space and fuel. The same rule holds, 
 true in the tranemission of power, and the broad,, 
 strong and reliable belt, constructed upon correct 
 principles and capable of withstanding almost any 
 strain, has replaced the crooked, unsafe and exas- 
 perating devices with which our progenitors were 
 forced to be content. 
 
 Yet there are belts and belts. While most of 
 those now made are excellent both in material and 
 workmanship, it is nevertheless a fact that some of 
 them are immeasurably superior to others. Take, 
 for example, the two pieces illustrated herewith. 
 The first is the old style, square-cornered lap in 
 general use ; the corners on both sides give way first, 
 the dirt and oil find their way between the rivets, causing a grinding effect, and in a 
 short time the belt requires a new splice. On the opposite side of the page is shown 
 a joint of the " B. C. & D." belting of Messrs. Bickford & Francis, Nos. 53 and 55 Ex- 
 change street, this city. The superi- 
 ority of this lap must be evident to the 
 most superficial observer. Speaking of 
 these belts Messrs. Bickford & Francis 
 say in a recent circular: 
 
 " We are aware of the prices offered 
 by various makers of oak-tanned belt- 
 ing, and we can furnish grades to meet 
 any competition ; but it is not economy 
 to be governed entirely by price in pur- 
 chasing belt. The best is the cheapest. 
 We can make from SO per cent, to 40 
 per cent, more belting from a given lot 
 of leather, where price is the consid- 
 eration, than where it is of the first 
 importance to make a perfect belt, and 
 yet both will look equally well to most 
 men, but in buying the ' B. C. & D.' 
 brand you avoid the loss of time and 
 vexation caused by inferior quality. 
 Our belts are made from the center of 
 the heaviest and best selected pure 
 oak-tanned hides, and we cut and stretch 
 our leather in narrower strips than other makers, thus making more waste, which does 
 not show in the manufactured belt, but becomes very apparent when put into use. 
 If you want our belting call for it, and don't be put off by accepting an inferior article. 
 
 11 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
 OLD sn;:YLE: 
 
 CORNERS GIVING 
 AWAYFIRST 
 
170 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 vfiS^^5f 
 
 Any dealer can get it for you if you insist upon having it. You can, however, order 
 direct from factory, and all orders will have prompt attention and shipment. We make 
 
 a specialty of large driv- 
 iag belts and can furnish 
 promptly all kinds of 
 single and double belt- 
 ing from one-half inch to 
 64 inches wide. We 
 would like your order 
 
 for a trial of our belt in the hardest place you have — 
 then if we suit you in price and quality we would like 
 your trade. We challenge any manufacturer in the 
 world to produce belting superior to our ' B. C. & D.' 
 brand belt." 
 
 This house was founded by Bickford & Curtiss in 
 1846, and has always ranked high in the trade, doing 
 a business at this time of some $250,000 per annum, 
 covering a vast territory from ocean to ocean and from the lakes to the Mississippi. 
 Mr. R. H. Bickford, still taking an active part in the business, has been connected 
 with it forty years. Mr. William C. Francis, the junior partner, was one of the 
 founders of the Francis Axe Co. of Buffalo, and is still interested in a similar concern 
 near BufEalo. Both are liberal, energetic, enterprising gentlemen and worthy citizens, 
 who have contributed much to bring Buffalo up to her present proud mercantile and 
 manufacturing position. 
 
 W. C. TIFFANY, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Picture Frames, Mirrors, Mouldings, 
 Brackets, etc., etc.— Nos. 333, 335 and 237 Seneca St. 
 
 Much of the beauty of our homes, hotels, places of public resort, etc., is referable 
 to the pictures and mirrors that adorn the walls, and which in their turn are set off to 
 more or less advantage as good or bad taste is exercised in the selection of frames. In 
 our time there is no reason why every production of the painters', engravers' or pho- 
 tographers' art should not be appropriately mounted, since the manufacture of frames 
 has attained a perfection never before dreamed of, and every city of any pretensions 
 has one or more establishments devoted in whole or in part to the sale and fitting of 
 these goods. 
 
 Buffalo's leading picture and mirror frame house is that of W. C. Tiffany, Nos. 233, 
 235 and 337 Seneca street, established in 1872, occupying a three-story brick building, 
 66 feet front by 80 feet deep, and doing an annual business of $30,000 to $40,000, sup- 
 plying the trade and many retail buyers of Buffalo and Western New York as well aa 
 adjacent portions of Canada. 
 
 In addition to his fine taste in such matters, Mr. Tiffany has had many years of prac- 
 tical experience in supplying these goods, and is remarkably successful in executing 
 commissions for rare goods in his line. His stock of frames and mouldings is always 
 the largest in the city, and embraces all styles from the richest to the plainest. 
 
 SCHLEE & STEPHAN, 
 
 Proprietors of North Buffalo Box and Heading Works— Nos. 2084 2086 
 
 and 3088 Niagara St. 
 
 This house was established in 1878 by Ternier & Schlee, to whom the present firm 
 soon after succeeded. They have premises 80 by 100 feet, on which is a convenient and 
 well appointed two-and-a-half-story factory, 40 by 60 feet, employing some twenty-five 
 hands and turning out from $15,000 to $20,000 worth of finished boxes and heading per 
 annum, for which they find ready sale in Buffalo and vicinity, their goods being popu- 
 lar with consumers. Mr. George Schlee is a native of Buffalo, aged 33, and has had 
 long experience in his present business. Mr. Herman Stephan was born in Germany in 
 1844, came to Buffalo in 1854, and has been a journeyman cooper and teamster ; saved 
 his earnings, and was enabled to purchase an interest with Mr. Schlee. Both are indus- 
 trious, worthy men, and church members. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 171 
 
 D. E. MO RGAN & SON, 
 
 Exclusive Jobbers and Dealers in Carpets, Drapery and Upholstery Goods, 
 Oil Cloths, Mattings, Feathers, etc.— No. 259 Main St. 
 
 Messrs. D. B. Morgan & Son, whose elegant and beautifully appointed establisliment 
 is an ornament to Buffalo's principal business thoroughfare, are the only exclusive dealers 
 in the line of goods above enumerated west of New' York, and are the most famous 
 merchants in their specialties in the United States, with perhaps one or two exceptions. 
 This business house fronts 25 feet on both Main and Washington streets, extending 
 200 feet from thoroughfare to thoroughfare, and is five stories in height, every floor 
 presenting a complete magazine of fine goods, and representing every department of 
 the carpet, drapery and upholstery goods trade. 
 
 The firm as at present constituted, composed of Messrs. D. E. and W. K. Morgan, 
 commenced operations in 1881 at No. 331 Main street, removing to the much superior 
 and more commodious store in the early part of 1886, at the same time more than 
 •doubling their storage and salesroom capacity and extending their business facilities in 
 •every direction. So attractive and inviting, indeed, is this house, that it enjoys not only 
 most of the trade of discriminating people hereabouts but has vast numbers of regular 
 and transient customers from adjacent portions of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and 
 ■Canada, doing, besides, a liberal and growing jobbing trade with the merchants of sur- 
 rounding cities and towns, the annual sales ranging from $200,000 to $250,000, and the 
 operations in all departments giving steady employment to some fifty persons, male 
 and female. 
 
 It would be impossible, within the limits of a brief sketch like this, to enumerate 
 ■and describe even a portion of the vast, varied and magnificent stock carried at all 
 seasons. Suffice it to say that everything new, tasteful and useful in carpets, draperies, 
 upholstery goods, oil cloths, matting, etc., can be found here in infinite variety, quan- 
 tity, quality, style and price. 
 
 The elder Mr. Morgan is one of Buffalo's substantial citizens, and has been engaged 
 in merchandising here for a quarter of a century. He was formerly a member of the 
 famous houses of Sherman, Barnes & Co. and Chester, Morgan & Arend. and is the oldest 
 ■carpet man in Buffalo. He is also a prominent Freemason, and a liberal, public-spirited 
 man. 
 
 R. C ALLAH AN. 
 
 liivery Stable — Light Carriage Factory — General Repairing and Horse- 
 shoeing — No. 36 Niagara St., near Pearl. 
 
 Of manufactures having direct reference to local wants, none are of greater import- 
 ance to the citizens of Buffalo than the building of light business and pleasure vehicles. 
 Among the most successful and popular of those engaged in this industry is Mr. R. Cal- 
 lahan, whose handsome establishment at No. 86 Niagara street is one of the most com- 
 plete and best-appointed in the city. Mr. Callahan has been connected with the carriage- 
 making and livery business for nearly thirty-one years, first establishing himself at 
 No. 262 Washington street, between North and South Division. He removed to his 
 present convenient location in 1879, and has enjoyed a large and steadily increasing pat- 
 ronage from that time up to the present, occupying the entire building indicated, four 
 stories in height, 27 feet front by 115 feet deep. The upper floors contain the wood- 
 working, painting and storage departments ; the blacksmith shop is in the basement, 
 and the ground floor is devoted to the purposes of a livery stable, where a fine line of 
 buggies, carriages, sleighs and harness horses are constantly kept for the accommoda- 
 tion of the public. 
 
 Mr. Callahan employs only the most skillful men in his shops, and is prepared to 
 •execute promptly, skillfully and satisfactorily all orders with which he is favored for 
 the making and repairing of buggies, carriages, business wagons and light vehicles 
 generally. Himself a practical carriage-maker, he can guarantee all work from his 
 shops, and those who have once patronized him have no hesitation in commending him 
 to others. Special attention is given to scientific horseshoeing, for the excellence of 
 ■which work Mr. Callahan is justly famous. He carries a fine assortment of all vehicles 
 in his line, and can offer advantageous terms to both buyers and those who merely wish 
 to hire. 
 
 Mr. C. is a native of Buffalo, has lived here always, and is justly popular as a busi- 
 ness man and citizen. His present quarters are growing too small for him, and he pro- 
 poses, in the near future, to secure gro^^yJy|jj,^^^jj^^^ great factory and stable better 
 suited to the growing needs ot his irad 
 
li^a TEE INBUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 CYRUS K. PORTER & SON, 
 
 Arcbitects— Room No. 20 American Block. 
 
 The science of architecture is one of the most useful of those pursuits that tend to 
 elevate public taste and at the same time minister to the comfort, enjoyments and hap- 
 piness of the individual by providing for his healthful shelter and convenience. The 
 master of this art must needs be a student, not only of books but of physics, not only of 
 mathematics but of men ; and happy indeed is he if even then he does not sometimes 
 fail to reap the just reward of his conscientious toil. Usually, hovcever, with the archi- 
 tect as in other professions, the best proof of merit is the measure of success that has 
 crowned his efforts ; and, judged by this standard, the attainments and deserts of Mr. 
 Cyrus K. Porter, of this city, are of the highest order. Mr. Porter has had an active 
 experience of the most valuable kind, extending over a period of forty years, and is 
 fairly entitled to the name of Nestor of the profession in this section of the country. He 
 settled in Buffalo in 1865, having been born in Onondaga county, N. Y. Three years 
 ago he associated with himself his son, Mr. Jesse E. Porter, who for the previous ten 
 years had devoted himself to the technical, theoretical and practical mastery of archi- 
 tecture in his father's oflBce. Thoroughly conversant with his profossion, and abreast 
 of the times in which he lives, with a laudable ambition to excel, there can be no more 
 question of the younger Mr. Porter's future than there is of his father's distinguished 
 past and present. 
 
 With their ripe experience, their vast accumulation of original designs, their valu- 
 able selected library o"f the choicest architectural works, and an established reputation, 
 they are now in a position to prepare designs and superintend the erection of buildings 
 of every class, public or private, from the humblest cottage to the most gorgeous 
 palace. 
 
 Especial attention will be given to the erection of churches, a branch of the profes- 
 sion to which the senior member of the firm has devoted a life-time of active service. 
 All orders will receive prompt attention. Preliminary sketches are always sent for the 
 approval of patrons at a distance, previous to making completed drawings. 
 
 The elder Mr. Porter is president of the Buffalo Society of Architects. 
 
 G. & J. SCHAEFER, 
 
 Watchmakers and Jewelers — No. 402 William St. 
 
 Among the leading firms doing business out on William street, in that remarkably 
 busy section east of Jefferson street, is Messrs. G. & J. Schaefer. They have a jewelry 
 establishment that is a credit to that part of the city. There is a largevolume of busi- 
 ness done out on this part of William street, and this firm is coming in for a good share 
 of it. The business was established in the year 1881 by Charles H. Pfeiffer, who con- 
 tinued it until July, 1886, when the present firm came in. They increased the stock 
 and added additional lines, thereby making the assortment equal to all demands from 
 the trade in this section of the city. A full line of jewelry, including watches, clocks, 
 silverware, etc., is carried, and a specialty is made of repairing. An idea can be formed 
 of the rapid growth of the business wlien it is stated that it reaches as high aa $25,000 
 a year. As good bargains can be secured here as elsewhere in this market. Both mem- 
 bers of the firm are enterprising young men, and will succeed.^ 
 
 BUFFALO HAT MANUF ACTURING CO. 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Manufacturers of Hats and Caps — Factories, Newark, 
 
 N. J., and No. 77 Seneca St., Buffalo. 
 
 Neat and becoming headgear is as neceesary to the mail biped's comfort and 
 respectable appearance as any other item of dress. The Buffalo Hat Manufacturing 
 Company, No. 77 East Seneca street, is doing yeoman service to the public, and there is 
 no excuse for high or low, rich or poor, old or young, wearing shabby hats, when all 
 tastes and all purses can be suited from the immense stock exhibited upon the shelves 
 of this house, or made by the shopful of practical hatters employed upon the premises. 
 
 Messrs. M. H. Mark and H. Guggenheimer, the affable and enterprising proprietors, 
 established this house in ^^^rffff4^H^f^^f^^^f^ of it a marked and substantial 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 173 
 
 success. Having the advantage of two factories, liere and at Newarli, N. J., the firm 
 are always prepared with tlie latest styles as soon as brought out, and are enabled to 
 sell on a closer margin than most of their competitors. They make a specialty of 
 medium goods, but carry a heavy stock of the finer grades. Besides their large and- 
 growing local custom they sell extensively to the trade in this and adjoining States, and 
 offer the most liberal inducements to thai class of buyers. 
 
 Mr. Mark is a native of Greenville, S. 0. ; has always been in the hat trade, and came 
 to Buffalo in 1884. Mr. Gnggenheimer, born in New ITork city, was formerly in the 
 cloth trade ; came to Buffalo and entered the bat business in 1885. 
 
 It must not be supposed, because of the low prices asked for the goods of the 
 Buffalo Hat Co., that they are of inferior grade, or produced by cheap labor. On the 
 contrary, they employ Union workmen only, and every hat they sell bears the Union 
 label. They can make a new fine silk hat to order in four hours ; 
 
 THE PE OPLE'S PRESS. 
 
 Matthews, Northrup & Co., Art Priating Works— J. N. Matthewa, Presideat ; 
 William P. Northriip, General Manager ; George E. M! attbews, Treasurer ; 
 Henry Matthews, Superinteadeat of Printiag ; Henry Straut). Superin- 
 tendent of Binding; Charles E. Austin, Assistant Treasurer— IVo.<». 177 
 to 1S3 Washington St. and 38 to 48 Ecchange St 
 
 This concern, wbioh has attained a reputation extending all over the country, was 
 founded in 1878 by Mr. J. N. Matthews, editor and proprietor of the Buffalo Express. 
 After he had disposed of hia interest in the Oommereial Advertiser, where for many 
 years the firm of Matthews & Warren had been famous for fine printing, he associated 
 with himself his brother, Mr. Henry Matthews, who for many years had been superin- 
 tendent in the Gommercial Advertiser printing office ; his son, Mr. George E. Matthews, 
 and Mr. J. C. Bryant, and under the firm name of Matthews Bros. & Bryant they com- 
 menced the printing business, using the top story over Nos. 177 and 179 Washington 
 street, down to No. 43 Exchange street. At the same time Mr. Matthews formed a co- 
 partnership with Mr. William P. Northriip to carry on the map engraving business, 
 which had been founded by Mr. Northrup's uncle, Mr. E. R. Jewett, the inventor of the 
 relief line process. The firm also furnished wood engravings, and the business of 
 engraving was carried on under the firm name of William P. Northrup & Co. 
 
 As a bindery is a necessary adjunct to a printing office, arrangements were made 
 with Mr. Henry Straub, who for many years had been known as among the best binders 
 in this part of the country, to occupy the third floor and conduct his bindery there. 
 The business was carried on in this way for three years, the firm of Matthews Bros. & 
 Bryant extending their reputation as printers, and the name of William P. Northrup & 
 Co. becoming well known in connection with map engraving, especially for railroads. 
 
 It was found that there were difficulties in carrying on the divided business, and 
 the firm of William P. Northrup & Co. was consolidated with that of Matthews Bros. 
 & Bryant, the new firm being known as Matthews, Northrup & Co. At the same time 
 Mr. George B. Matthews became a partner in the bindery with Mr. Straub, and that 
 business was carried on under the firm name of Henry Straub & Co. In 1883 Mr. J. C. 
 Bryant retired from the firm, his interest being divided among the remaining partners. 
 No further change was made until the beginninsf of the current year, when a further 
 consolidation was made, the bindery owned by Henry Straub & Co. being annexed, Mr. 
 Straub becoming a partner with Matthews, Northrup and Co. At the same time Mr. 
 Charles E. Austin, who had been in charge of the counting-room ever since the estab- 
 lishment of the business, was admitted as a partner. The management of so extensive 
 a business, and with so many diverse interests, necessarily approaches closely to that 
 of a stock company, and therefore the departments of the various partners have been 
 distinguished by the designation usually employed in such companies. Mr. J. N. Mat- 
 thews acts as president, Mr. William P. Northrup as general manager, Mr. George E. 
 Matthews as treasurer, Mr. Henry Matthews aa superintendent of printing, Mr. Henry 
 Straub as superintendent of binding, Mr. Charles E. Austin as assistant treasurer. 
 
 During the eight years of growth thus described the capital invested in the business 
 has increased four-fold, and the amount of work done over eight-fold. The premises 
 now occupied by the concern and the Buffalo Express, vrhicXi is under a kindred manage- 
 ment, occupy more than an acre of floor space, and employ over 300 people. Their 
 facilities are such that they make the claim to be the most complete concern in tha 
 trade, justifying it by the statement that every requisite to a first-class work, except 
 the raw materials, is furnished on their own premises, it being the only concern in which 
 
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174 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 every kind of engravirgs, includiDg photo-engraviEg by two procesBes, eDgraviDg upon 
 wood, metal and relief-line engraving, are all furnished. 
 
 The general estinaation in which the productions of this house is held is well shown 
 by the following quotation from the Art Age, the recognized organ of advanced print- 
 ing in this country : 
 
 "Printing is more than a trade. Of late it has sunk to deplorable depths, and the? 
 process of redemption is slow. But as long as such firms as Messrs. Matthews, North- 
 rup & Co., Messrs. Livermore & Knight, Messrs. Theodore L. De Vinne & Co., the 
 Bullard Printing House, Mr. M. R. Walter and a few others show by example and good 
 work that it requires brain, skill and scholarship, honesty, the art instinct, and dignity 
 to rise above the level of unscrupulous performance, with money-getting as the first 
 purpose, and creditable achievement as the last, it is probable that the trade as a pro- 
 fession will continue to rise in general esteem, and the total quantity of meritorious 
 work, in proportion to all the printing done, greatly increase." 
 
 The productions of this firm are widely spread, their customers being gathered from 
 every part of the country, and some of their work being exported. 
 
 BUFFALO PRI NTING INK WORKS. 
 
 F. Jj. Hnrlljutt, President; George E. Afatlheivs, Tieasurer; C. R. Willjer, 
 Secretary ; R. E. Pollock, Superintendent— Printing and liitbographic 
 Inks and Varnishes— Nos. 11 and 13 Dayton St. 
 
 The printer or lithographer who attempts fine work with inferior ink will find him- 
 self, to use an expressive Westernism, " left," for the thing cannot be done ; and no 
 matter how skillful, tasteful or appropriate the typography or lithographic design, poor 
 inks will ruin the effect as surely as the most elaborate botchwork in any other of the 
 steps that lead to its completion. 
 
 While most competent printers and lithographers are good enough judges of colors 
 and eifects, comparatively few are sufficiently informed to pass upon the comparative 
 merits of the inks offered by different manufacturers, and they are therefore dependent 
 to a great degree upon the integrity and good faith of those from whom they buy ; conse. 
 quently it is of the first importance that their orders should be placed with those manu- 
 facturers who have character and reputation to maintain as well as skill and experience 
 in their business, and self-interest as an additional incentive. Such a house is the Buffalo 
 Printing Ink Works, whose officers are named above. This company was organized 
 December 1, 1884, Mr. Pollock, the present active and efficient manager, being admitted 
 and appointed to his post of responsibility just one year later. He has had the advan- 
 tage of many years' experience as a practical ink manufacturer, and has entire personal 
 supervision of the works, assisted in each department by careful and skillful foremen. 
 Mr. Hurlbutt, the president, acts in the capacity of general salesman. He also is an 
 experienced man, having traveled for years for some of the most prominent concerns of 
 the kind in the United States. Mr. George E. Matthews, the treasurer, is also a member of 
 the firm of Matthews, Northrup & Co., art printers, engravers, lithographers and bind- 
 ers. Express building, Washington and Exchange streets. It is not difficult to infer 
 that a desire to experiment in improvemenls upon the inks used by his firm may have 
 had its influence in inducing Mr. M. to enter the Buffalo Printing Ink Co. Mr. C. R. Wil- 
 ber, secretary, is a well-known and energetic business man, formerly in the wholesale 
 watch trade, and later in Government employ. All in all the. company is composed of 
 the best possible material — of men who have the capital, stamina and brains to push 
 it to a conspicuous success, and that they will do so admits of no reasonable question. 
 
 The works were originally located at Washington and Scott streets, but soon out- 
 grew the accommodations, and on the first of last May were removed to Nos. 11 and IS 
 Dayton street, where they have a commodious five-story building, 45 by 90 feet, fitted 
 up with every facility and convenience for the prosecution of a large and growing 
 manufacturing business, the plant being complete in all respects as regards machinery 
 and appliances. 
 
 The firm manufacture all grades of printers' and lithographers' inks and varnishes, 
 making a specialty of the finer grades, immense quantities of which they supply to 
 the trade at home and abroad, even shipping extensively to foreign countries. Wher- 
 ever used these splendid inks have given unqualified satisfaction, and the demand 
 grows at a most gratifying rate. Last year's sales footed up some $70,000, and there 
 can be no question that they will go far beyond that total for the present year. This 
 work is printed with ink manufactured by this house. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 175 
 
 DA VID BE LL, 
 
 Iron Shipbuilder and Manufacturer of Steam Engines, Liocomotives, etc. — 
 Norton, Water and Evans Sts. 
 
 Mr. David Bell, the repre- 
 sentative manufacturer on 
 tlie shores of the great lakes, 
 is emphatically a self-made 
 man. He was born in Ames- 
 field, Dumfriesshire, Scot- 
 land, on December 7, 1817. 
 When seventeen he was 
 duly apprenticed to learn 
 the millwright trade. It 
 was not long before he had 
 a practical knowledge of the 
 trade, and he afterwtird 
 visited England, acquiring 
 new ideas and additional 
 skill and experience. Event- 
 ually he decided to go to 
 America. A brother of his 
 had also some time before 
 gone to St. John, New 
 Brunswick ; and so in the 
 spring of 1841 he sailed for 
 New York. Mr. Bell was 
 first employed in the South 
 BostonSteam Engine 
 Works, in 1841, at the rate 
 of $1.50 per day, and during 
 the fall of the same year he 
 paid a visit to his brother 
 in St. John, N. B. , and 
 worked in the machine 
 shops there for about a year, 
 when, better prospects 
 opening before him in the 
 West, he returned to the 
 States in 1843, and came 
 direct to Buffalo, where he 
 was at once engaged by the 
 Buffalo Steam Engine 
 Works, but soon after went 
 to Cleveland and worked a 
 short time in the Cuyahoga 
 Steam Works, subsequently returning to BufEalo, where he was employed in the building 
 of the propeller " Hercules," the first screw steamer that ever successfully plied on the 
 lakes. Mr. Bell left the employment of the Buffalo Steam Engine Works in 1845, and 
 formed a copartnership with Mr. William McNish, under the firm name of Bell& McNish; 
 and it was from this time onward that Mr. Bell demonstrated his great abilities both as 
 a practical business man and a skillful engine-builder- The firm had but a small capital, 
 but what they lacked in that way they made up in grit and practical knowledge of their 
 trade ; and so, after erecting a small shop, on what is now the site of Mr. Bell's great 
 foundry, they sought business. It came very slowly — BufEalo at that time had barely a 
 population of 25,U00, and the trade returns show that the Erie canal tolls were then 
 only about $400,000 per annum, so that it bore no comparison to the metropolitan 
 Buffalo of today. However, the young firm of Bell & McNish did not lose heart ; they 
 were hopeful and persevering, faithfully performed such small foundry jobs as they 
 got, and gradually worked their way into a paying patronage, one of their first 
 undertakings being the building of a steam engine for the " Dart " elevator, the first 
 one ever built either in Buffalo or anywhere else, so that Mr. Bell was the first man to 
 build an elevator engine. This was a good advertisement for the firm, as the engine 
 gave great satisfaction, and they built successively the engines for the elevators 
 
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176 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 "Seymour and Wells," "Evans," "Sterling," "Bugbee," and otherB. In addition to 
 engines for elevators, tlie firm also constructed marine engines for a number of the 
 powerful passenger steamers being placed on Lake Erie about this time. They were 
 also the first to build and develop the possibilities of the handy tug engine, which 
 enables these useful craft to pull a tonnage immensely disproportionate to their 
 displacement. It was in 1850 that the copartnership was dissolved, Mr. Bell continuing 
 the business alone until 1854, when he rented his shop, and sold his machinery, tools, 
 etc., to the Bufialo Steam Engine Company, and became the superintendent of the 
 works at a salary of $2,500 per annum, taking the place of a man who had once offered 
 Mr. Bell $1.35 for his services. The company not having sufficient capital to carry on 
 the business, Mr. Bell resigned his position, and taking advantage of this brief period of 
 leisure, paid a visit to his native land, returning to Buffalo in 1855, when he again took 
 possession of his old shop, and started anew to build up a trade in his line of business. 
 Fire soon after destroyed his shop and tools, and, unfortunately for him, just after a 
 heavy policy of insurance had expired. Before even the bricks in the ruins had cooled 
 he was superintending their relaying, and erected the spacious and specially constructed 
 building on the triangular plot bounded by Norton, Water and Evans streets, and which 
 as Bell's foundry and machine shop is to-day one of the best known and most flourishing 
 industrial establishments in the city. Among other noteworthy achievements of his 
 was the building of the steam-tug and canal-boat fleet which made such a triumphant 
 voyage over the Erie canal at the time steam was first successfully brought into use to 
 propel boats. It was in 1858, and Mr. Bell, as the recognized commodore of the little 
 fleet, took it down to Rochester, where Governor King and a distinguished party 
 embarked, and were brought triumphantly up to Buffalo, where the guests were received 
 enthusiastically. The impromptu commodore of the peaceful canal-boat fleet felt a 
 genuine pride in the grand display of his adopted city, which demonstrated the great 
 feeling of satisfaction that the problem of steam navigation on the canals had first been 
 solved by a tug built by a Buffalonian. In 1861 Mr. Bell began to build the first iron 
 propeller ever launched on the great lakes. It was 730 tons burden, and was constructed 
 for Messrs. J. C. & E. T. Evans; many croakers doubted the success of this great 
 innovation in marine architecture, but Mr. Bell was from the start fully assured of the 
 wonderful benefits that must accrue from the use of iron ; and he was right. The new 
 propeller was a perfect success, and more were ordered. The war of the rebellion broke 
 out about this time in all its fury, and Mr. Bell was one of the first to render material 
 aid to the Federal cause. His handsome, swift and powerful tug-boats were about 
 this time making a great stir in the world. The Government gladly purchased 
 several of them, and it was a tug he had built that was engaged in towing the old 
 " Constitution " at the time she was scuttled off Newport News. He likewise built the 
 tug that was used as a transport on the James river and around Norfolk, and it was this 
 historic tng that carried the information to President Lincoln and members of his 
 cabinet at Fortress Monroe, that resulted in the eventual destruction of the Confederate 
 ram " Merrimac," in Norfolk harbor. In another field of enterprise, equally broad and 
 grand, has Mr. Bell been successful. In 1865 he began to build locomotives. He 
 created additional shop facilities, put in new and improved machinery, and energetically 
 went to work, his first locomotive appearing in due season, for the Erie & Pittsburgh 
 railroad. As a deserved compliment to the builder, it was named the " David Bell." It 
 was the first locomotive ever built in Buffalo, and its trial trip up to Dunkirk was the 
 occasion for a great celebration by the citizens of Buffalo of such an auspicious event. 
 Mr. Bell was one of the movers and organizers of the Mechanics' Institute, which was 
 first formed in 1865, and duly incorporated in 1869, Mr. Bell being unanimously elected 
 the first president, while he was also one of the incorporators. It was largely owing to 
 Mr. Bell that this organization held the first International Exhibition in Buffalo, in 
 1869, and which proved such a grand success. He worked hard and infused his 
 associates with much of his own zeal and energy, and the results bore abundant 
 evidence to his sound judgment and great executive abilities. The receipts were over 
 $18,000, and after all expenses were paid there remained a balance of $4,500 on hand. 
 He was re-elected to the presidency for the succeeding year. Mr. Bell has also served 
 as president of the Young Men's Association, is a life member thereof, and has done 
 much in its aid. He is a member of St. Andrew's Society, and the Scottish athletic 
 organizations ; he is a promoter of all healthy outdoor sports, and has also been president 
 of the Grand National Curling Club, and was presented with a valuable testimonial by 
 the society in token of its high appreciation of his services. Mr. Bell is still actively 
 engaged in carrying on his extensive business, which has developed to proportions of 
 great magnitude. His fame has spread far and near, and orders come to him from 
 
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THE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 177 
 
 distant points. His services have been called for in innumerable ways. He built three 
 iron cutters for the revenue service ; merchant steamers of large size for the trade to 
 Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago ; pleasure yachts and steamers ; fleets of tugs ; engines 
 and locomotive almost without number ; and the miscellaneous line of orders that find 
 their way to such a representative establishment as his is. He is an American pioneer 
 in numerous prominent features ; he not only built the first tug-boat, the first elevator 
 engine, the fir.st marine engine for propellers, but it was he that built the first iron 
 propeller on the lakes, and the first and only iron revenue cutter ever built in Buffalo; 
 also the first locomotive In BufEalo. 
 
 Several years ago Mr. Bell invented and patented a new style of steam hammer, 
 illustrated herewith, which has proved one of the most effective, useful and valuable 
 labor, time, wages and fuel-saving mechanical devices ever brought out. The Bell 
 improved patent steam hammer is made in four sizes, No. 1 being intended for the 
 ordinary smith-shop. It is of very simple construction, having single column standard, 
 with bed-plate and cylinder cast in one piece, very strong, self-acting, and taking steam 
 at both ends of the cylinder, all of the sizes striking a square blow. Either of the sizes 
 will strike a heavy or light blow ,as required, and can be worked either " double acting " 
 or "single acting," the change oeing easily and quickly effected. It is the best and 
 most economical hammer in use, far superior to all belt, trip, and helve hammers — easier 
 to manage and keep in repair, and at least fifty per cent cheaper than any hammer yet 
 invented that will do the same work. 
 
 Nos. 2 and 8 sizes will work up old car axles and make the best iron that can be 
 produced for connecting rods, eccentric rods, and all parts of engines and other 
 machinery where the best quality of iron is required. They will also work up old 
 scrap, quantities of which are always to be found in a blacksmith shop, and produce the 
 best of iron for all ordinary purposes. 
 
 No. 4 has been constructed with a view to furnish at a very moderate price a hammer 
 that will forge large and heavy cranks and shafts, and the frames and other bearings 
 connected with locomotives, not only with expedition but with the greatest accuracy 
 and saving of labor, and it is claimed that twice the number of locomotive frames and 
 bearings can be turned out in the same time that can be done with the appliances 
 hitherto employed for doing the same work. With a heating furnace it will work up 
 scrap into billets for making car axles, crank shafts, and all heavy forgings which have 
 heretofore required large and very expensive hammers to accomplish. 
 
 EDWAR D H.JE NNINGS, 
 
 Successor to Waruer & Jennings— Household Art Rooms— No. 263 Main St. 
 
 Most people of refinement in our day give great attention to the adornment of their 
 homes, not for the sake of mere vulgar display, but for the pure pleasure it yields and 
 as a tribute to the newly-aroused art spirit of the age. Among those who have con- 
 tributed to this awakening of a commendable feeling and its gratification Mr. Edward H. 
 Jennings of this city is quite conspicuous. His beautiful art rooms No. 363 Main street, 
 Buffalo, present such an exposition of art goods for household adornment as can hardly 
 be found west of New York city, embracing every variety of mural decorations, art 
 paper-hangings, bric-a-brac, antique rugs, stained glass, artistic furniture, and a 
 thousand pretty and useful things for which we have not space even for passing 
 mention. This' bazar of beauty is certainly the most elegantly fitted up place of 
 business in the city, and the resort of the most cultivated people of all Western New 
 York and of thousands of visitors from a distance. The building itself is a handsome 
 one, of five stories and basement, 25 feet front by 150 feet deep, and the various 
 departments of Mr. Jennings' business occupy the whole, every floor being a treasure- 
 house of taste and beauty in color and form. The main, or ground floor, is divided into 
 six separate departments, each devoted to some special line of goods, and arranged with 
 faultless regard for what is most striking and appropriate, and each representing on a 
 reduced but compact and effective scale the resources of the establishment. We will 
 not attempt a detailed description of the attractions here presented, but recommend 
 every housekeeper and lover of what is best in household art to go and see for herself 
 or himself. 
 
 Mr. Jennings is a native of Richmond, Mass., and has had the experience of a life- 
 time in his vocation. The house now under consideration was established by Warner 
 & Jennings in 1879, and has a reputation and trade coextensive with the Union. Mr. J. 
 became sole proprietor in 1885. 
 
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178 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 DONALDSON & CO., 
 
 Bankers and Brokers — Dealers in Foreign Exchange, Stock and Investment 
 
 Securities, Grain and Provisions— Kooms 1 and 2, Hayen Building, 
 
 Corner Main and Seneca Sts. 
 
 The vast volume of business transacted here in trade, commerce and manufactures 
 render Buffalo one of the most desirable fields for banking operations to be found any- 
 where. True, the field is pretty well occupied just now, but it is extending, and the 
 time is not far distant when double the amount of capital at present invested in this 
 branch of business will be demanded and f ulJy employed in legitimate channels. 
 
 This house was organized in 1880 by Abell & McNiven, and changed to the present 
 style in 1884, and is composed of Messrs. J. A. Donaldson and W. R. McNiven, with 
 ' Mr. C. Lee Abell as cashier. The office, formerly at No. 20 East Seneca street, was 
 removed to its present quarters in 1885. 
 
 The house is prepared in the best manner with all requisite facilities for the trans- 
 action of any and all banking business, the purchase and sale of foreign exchange, etc., 
 on as favorable terms as are consistent with legitimate business and safety to all parties. 
 They also deal largely in stocks and investment securities, and, having direct commu- 
 nication by leased wire with the New Tork Stock Exchange, can buy or sell for cash or 
 on margin any of the leading listed stocks, bonds or speculative securities. Special tele- 
 graphic connection afiord them, besides, the best advantages for buying and selling grain 
 and provisions on the Chicago Board of Trade for cash or on margins, and for furnishing 
 late and reliable information relative to the course of the markets. They deal in petro- 
 leum through the New York and Oil City Exchanges, and have superior facilities for 
 promptly executing orders and for carrying certificates at low rates of interest. In con- 
 nection with their business in securities, grain, provisions and oil the firm issue a daily 
 circular, which will be sent on application. They solicit correspondence from those 
 interested. 
 
 The house is a sound, stable and responsible one, and has a superb patronage 
 throughout the country. The members are in all respects first-class business men and 
 public-spirited citizens. Mr. Donaldson is a native of Buffalo, as is also Cashier Abell. 
 The former was for many years book-keeper of the Erie County Savings Bank, while 
 the latter is part owner of the Marine elevator, and handles the cash grain business 
 thereof through the banking-house. Mr. McNiven is of Canadian birth ; has resided in 
 Buffalo since 1870; was formerly with Pratt & Co., iron and hardware merchants, and 
 was one of the originators of the banking-house with which he is now connected. 
 
 CHARLES BAYER, 
 
 Architect and Surveyor— No. 442 Main St. 
 
 However much Americans may excel in the mechanic arts, and in some branches of 
 practical science, it must be conceded that in the matter of architectural taste the 
 soundest principles and best training up to the present time are imparted in European 
 schools. Our finest examples of public and private architecture are adaptations of 
 European models, and our most successful and popular architects are close students of 
 European styles and precedents. There are abundant reasons for this state of affairs, 
 as the comparative newness of our country, the recent development of its resources, 
 the rarity of colossal fortunes, the neglect of this branch of art, and the unsubstantial 
 character of our first domiciliary improvements — all of which will be remedied in time, 
 but the fact remains that in our day the architect who presents proofs of thorough train- 
 ing in the French, German and Italian schools, and of the ability to adapt his acquired 
 knowledge to changed conditions such as govern in this country, enjoys great advan- 
 tages over the average American in the same pursuit. 
 
 Such an architect is Mr. Charles Bayer, of No. 443 Main street, who previous to his 
 arrival in the United States, in 1881 , had for seven years been a practical architect and 
 surveyor in his native Stuttgart, Kingdom of Wurtemburg. None who have read 
 descriptions of that grand old city of palaces and cathedrals need be told of the superb 
 opportunities for study it presents to the earnest seeker after perfection in architecture 
 such as Mr. Bayer, who chose this profession in obedience to his natural bent. On 
 coming to this country he proceeded to Cincinnati, where he remained seven months, 
 and then removed to Buffalo. Since his arrival here he has been quite successful, par- 
 
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THE INBUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 179 
 
 ticularly in the line of ecclesiastical architecture, among his most notable productions 
 being the plans for St. Mary's church, Lockport, among the handsomest temples of 
 worship in Western New York. He also furnished the plans for the elegant residence 
 recently erected by Dueringer & Fassett on Walden avenue, and many other business 
 and dwelling-houses. He gives prompt attention to plans, specifications and details for 
 street, church and domestic architecture. 
 
 WESTE RN BE EF CO., 
 
 Wholesale Dealers in Swift's Chicago Dressed Beef and Mutton— Nos. 73 
 
 and 74 River St. 
 
 Whatever 
 ooposition for- 
 merly existed, 
 arising from 
 pr ej udice or 
 selfishness, 
 again st t he 
 trade in West- 
 ern dressed 
 meats, has 
 about died out 
 in face of the 
 fact that all 
 classes of citi- 
 zens, rich and 
 poor alike, are 
 by this system 
 supplied with 
 choice beef and 
 mutton at mod- 
 erate prices, 
 and, while no 
 reasonable ob- 
 jection is made 
 to the con- 
 sumption of 
 New Yorli or 
 
 Kentucky.fattened short-horns by those who can afibrd it, yet the accessibility of ample 
 supples of the cheaper (though scarcely less juicy, palatable and sustaining) Western 
 beef is confessedly a great boon to the great body of the people — those who live by 
 their labor and those who wish to practice economy. The Western Beef Co., Nos. 73 
 and 74 River street, is therefore a blessing to the community, purveying as it does to 
 the wants of the masses. 
 
 This company is equipped in the best manner for the transaction of a large business, 
 and was established in August of 1883. The members are E. C. Swift of Boston, 
 G. F. Swift of Chicago, and Mr. Edward Smith of this city, who manages the Bufialo 
 branch in a liberal and busineBS-like manner which has popularized both the company 
 and its goods. 
 
 All surrounding towns and villages also have the advantages afforded by the com- 
 pany through its branch houses, all of which are kept constantly supplied with excellent 
 Chicago meats, fresh, sweet, sound and cheap. The great Kiver-street warehouse is 100 
 by 100 feet square, provided with stables for the company's horses and wagons, a hand- 
 some office, and an immense refrigerator, or, more correctly speaking, ice chamber, with 
 capacity for the storage and safe- keeping of 250 quarters of beef and a corresponding 
 quantity of mutton — beef being the leading specialty. None but the best grades of 
 meats are sold, and as a consequence the enterprise has proved a wonderful success, 
 involving large capital and making fair returns. The Swift brothers are live, wide- 
 awake Boston men. while Mr. Edward Smith, the manager here, ,has bought and 
 slaughtered hundreds of cattle himself, and is a Buffalo man of veide acquaintance 
 and great business capacity. The trade, hotels, restaurants and others buying meats in 
 quantities will find it to their advantage to visit the Western Beef Co.'s warehouse and 
 inspect its facilities. 
 
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180 THE INDUSTRIES OB BUFFALO. 
 
 QUEEN CITY HAT MAN UFACTURING CO., 
 
 Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Every Description of 
 Men's Headgear, Furnisliin°r Goods, etc. — A. H. & M. F. Babcoclc, Pro- 
 prietors; Robt. H. Cranston, Superintendent— No. 87 Genesee St. 
 
 All mankind are directly interested in the subject of hats, and it is conaeqaently a 
 matter of importance to the public that they should be informed as to where they can 
 obtain the best and most stylish head-covering for the least money. The Queen City 
 Hat Manufacturing Co., No. 87 East Genesee street, established in the spring of 1886, 
 is one of the most energetic and prosperous of Buffalo's new business enterprises, run 
 upon the most liberal principles and enjoying the confidence and patronage of a rapidly 
 growing circle of first-class trade. During its first season this enterprising company 
 made sales aggregating over $40,000, with good indications that they will more than 
 double that sum in 1887. The company employs four active travelers and twenty-eight 
 skillful and well-paid operatives — all members of the Hatters' Union — and every article 
 of headgear that leaves their store bears the union label, is guaranteed as represented, 
 and is positive proof in itself that liberal wages does not mean high prices of products, 
 as the Queen City Hat Manufacturing Co. is ready to compare goods and prices with any 
 non-union establishment, guaranteeing to supply a superior hat or cap, made of the same 
 or better material, by better and better paid workmen, at the same or lower figures than 
 are demanded by their wage-cutting competitors. 
 
 The company has already extended its trade all over Western New York and Penn- 
 sylvania and Eastern Ohio. Their goods embrace every description of hats and caps 
 for all classes and conditions of men, military, band and society uniform hats and caps, 
 fine silk, felt and wool hats, cloth and straw hats and caps, etc. A specialty is made of 
 fine silk hats to order, which they usually deliver complete in ten hours, though, if 
 necessary, they can be made in four hours. They also have a large factory at Orange, 
 N. J., whence they obtain their supplies for the trade. 
 
 In connection with their store at this point they also carry a splendid stock of gen- 
 tlemen's fine and medium furnishing goods in all varieties. 
 
 Messrs. A. H. and M. P. Babcock came to Buffalo from Rochester three years ago. 
 Mr. Robert H. Cranston, the superintendent, is a practical hatter, and a very skillful 
 workman. All are young, capable, enterprising business men, and the success of the 
 Queen City Hat Manufacturing Company is assured. 
 
 WALLA CE JO HNSON, 
 
 Wholesale Produce— Dealer in Dried Fruit, Clover and Timothy Seed, Butter, 
 Eafgs, Beans, Peas, Bags, etc. — No. 110 Main St., Two Doors Below Canal 
 Bridge, 
 
 For more than thirty-six years Mr. Wallace Johnson has stood in the front rank of 
 Buffalo's dried fruit, seed and produce trade, beginning in 1850 on Seneca street, where 
 he remained for three years, removing to 119 Main street. In 1865 he changed his 
 location to No. 70 Main street, where he was burned out in 1886 — immediately re-estab- 
 lishing himself at his present place. No. 110 Main street. It will be seen, therefore, 
 that he has had vast experience in his business, and should be, as he is, master of all 
 its details. 
 
 Mr. Johnson is an exclusively wholesale dealer in the goods he handles, comprising 
 immense quantities of dried fruits of all kinds, clover and timothy seeds, etc. His 
 trade is about equally divided between local buyers and exportations to Europe, and 
 for thirty years hag averaged $350,000 per annum. He also has a wide and valuable 
 business connection tliroughout this State, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan, maintain- 
 ing a large and prosperous branch house at Hillsdale, Mich. 
 
 Mr. Johnson is an Ohio man of Yankee parentage, an energetic, enterprising, upright 
 merchant and citizen, and well deserves tlie success and personal popularity he has 
 achieved in his nearly forty years of residence in Buffalo. As an evidence of his 
 standing, reliability and responsibility, he refers to the following well-known bankers 
 and merchants. East and West: Bank of Commerce, Buffalo; George B. Ferris & Co., 
 New York; Straight, Deming & Co., Cincinnati; Mauran, Wright & Co., Chicago'; 
 T. W. Evans & Co., Cleveland ; H. & L. Chase, Boston; Crabb, Billman & Co., Toledo; 
 Albert Dickinson, Chicago ; Root & Dow, St. Louis ; Ira M. Davis & Co., Milwaukee ; 
 George Tait & Co., New Orleans; Littlefield, Webb & Co., San Francisco; Wooster, 
 Shattuck & Co., San Francisco ; B. H. Cowing & Co., Cincinnati ; Ouerbacker, Gilmore 
 
 & Co. , Louisville. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 181 
 
 HIBBARD B ROTH ERS. Agents, 
 
 Dealers in Jewelry and Silver-Plated Ware (Installment Plan)— No. 345 
 
 Main St.. TJp-stairs. 
 
 The plan of selling goods on iDStallments has much to recommend it. In the first 
 place, it enables tasteful people in cramped circumstances to make a respectable 
 appearance on terms they can easily meet. Secondly, it encourages economy and thrift. 
 And thirdly, it supplies customers with really good goods at prices which, taking into 
 account the risks assumed by the seller, the expense of collection, interest on invest- 
 ment, etc., are actually but little higher than are usually demanded in spot cash by the 
 regular trade. 
 
 The firm of Hibbard Brothers (J. W. & E. R. Hibbard), agents, No. 345 Main street, 
 does the largest jewelry and silver-plated goods installment business of any house in 
 Western New York, and gives unvarying satisfaction to its patrons. They established 
 themselves here in a modest way in 1880, and gradually increased their trade until last 
 year it reached an aggregate of $25,000, exclusively with Buffalo people, and entirely 
 on installments. We are informed that the hou.se is extremely lenient in its dealings 
 with honest, responsible people, and has seldom resorted to harsh measures to make 
 collections. All goods sold are delivered on receipt of the first payment, and the pur- 
 chaser has the use of them pending the payment of deferred installments. 
 
 Repairing of all kinds of watches, jewelry, etc., promptly done and at reasonable 
 rates. Out-of-town parties ordering goods or repairing will be at no expense for 
 postage. 
 
 FISHER BROS . & CO., 
 
 Maltsters— Proprietors of "City" and "Genesee" Malt-houses— Office, No. 
 
 283 West Genesee St. 
 
 Buffalo produces ahout five million bushels of malt per annum for export. Considering 
 her advantages (including lake and railroad facilities, the near vicinity of the famous 
 Canadian barley-growing region, etc.), this is not surprising. Unquestionably some of 
 the largest malt-houses are located here, prominent among them those of Fisher Bros. 
 & Co., two in number, known as the " Genesee" and " City," the former located at the 
 intersection of Genesee, Canal and Erie streets, and the latter on West Genesee street, 
 the capacity of both being 250,000 bushels per annum. In addition, the firm last 
 December built a fine new storage elevator of 60.000 bushels capacity. 
 
 These great malt-houses are provided with every improved modern device in the 
 way of machinery for the handling of grain and malt, and are among the most complete 
 in the world, covering respectively ground 100 by 140 and 40 by 130 feet, each four 
 stories in height. The new elevator is built upon the same scale of magnitude and 
 completeness. 
 
 This conspicuous business enterprise was established in 1863 by Mr. George Fisher, 
 and proved so successful that in 1865 he admitted his brother, Jacob P., and Mr. Philip 
 Houck as partners. George Fisher is a native of France, born in 1820; Jacob P. Fisher 
 was born in Erie county in 1835, and Philip Houck first saw the light in Germany in 1823. 
 
 FRE D SCH ULZ, 
 
 Custom Tailor— No. 78 East Eagle St. 
 
 Mr. Schulz, a recognized artist in all that pertains to the production of gentlemen's 
 fine garments, established himself in 1885 at No. 385 Washington street, where, as 
 "Our Custom Tailor," he became so popular and secured so liberal a run of custom, 
 that he was obliged in October last to remove ro his present handsome place, where he 
 has an elegantly appointed store and shop, 20 feet front by 40 feet deep, employs a 
 strong force of competent cutters and tailors, and is better equipped than hitherto to 
 meet the demands of a well-dressed public. Mr. Schulz is an artist in his profession, 
 and has a well-earned reputation for correct taste, great skill, excellent judgment and 
 the superior workmanship he furnishes his patrons, which, combined with promptitude 
 in the execution of orders, and reasonable prices, render him popular and successful. 
 
 Mr. S. is of Prussian birth, and exhibits a medal earned in the Franco-German war, 
 and presented by General Von Moltke. He has been in this country some twelve or 
 thirteen years. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
182 TEE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN M. LUIPPOLD, 
 
 Proprietor East Side Brewery— No. 298 Emslie St. 
 
 One of tlie most striking features of tlie development of Buffalo's industrial 
 resources is seen in the growth of the brewing business. It now ranks among the 
 leading interests, both in the amount of capital invested and the number of men 
 employed. Among those who have contributed largely to build up a reputation for the 
 Queen City of the Lakes in this direction is John M. Luippold. The business was 
 begun in a small way in 1868 by Mr. Luippold, on Ernslie street, where his present 
 raagnificeut brewery is located. The first year the number of barrels turned out did 
 not exceed 3,000. An idea can be formed of the way the business has increased from 
 the fact that the brewery now has a yearly output of 13,000 barrels. The East Side 
 Brewery is one of the most complete in appointments in every particular of any in 
 Buffalo. The buildings, which are of brick, and most substantially erected, cover an 
 area of twenty-two lots situated on Emslie street, between William and Howard streets. 
 It will not be inappropriate to state right here that the plant of the East Side Brewery 
 represents a capital invested of $150,000. The brewery has all the modern improve- 
 ments in the way of machinery, which includes an ice machine built by Lehmen & 
 Son, of Cleveland. The consequence is, that Luippold's beer is conceded to be without 
 any superior in Buffalo. It is mostly all consumed in the city. 
 
 ' Mr. Luippold has been a resident of Buffalo for the past forty years. He carried on 
 the grocery business for sixteen years on the corner of Jefferson and William streets 
 before starting the brewery. He is looked upon as one of the solid men of the city 
 from a business point of view. His success has been due to strict attention to business 
 and honorable dealing. 
 
 CITY LAUNDRY AND CUSTOM SHIRT FACTORY. 
 
 Established 1860— Miss M. E. Farmar, Proprietress— No. 9 "West Eagle St. 
 
 The City I^aundry, which claims the credit of being the oldest establishment of the 
 kind in Buffalo, was first opened in 1850 by A. D. Sumner. His efforts were crowned 
 with success, and the business steadily increased. In 1883 the concern passed into the 
 hands of Miss M. E. Farmar, who for a considerable length of time had been employed 
 as book-keeper. Since then evidences of her ability have become apparent in the im- 
 provements which have taken place. The laundry is fitted up with the most improved 
 machinery to be found, and all work doue is strictly first-class. There is a wotking 
 force of thirty hands and the weekly pay-roll amounts to $160. An important feature 
 of the business is the custom shirt work. The best of facilities are at hand for doing 
 the finest work. Hand- work collars and cuffs are a specialty. In the entire direction 
 of the business Miss Farmar has demonstrated the fact that woman's sphere in business 
 is not so circumscribed as has been popularly suppbsed. 
 
 E. L. WINSHIP, 
 
 wholesale Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Tobaccos, Cigars, Cigarettes and 
 
 Snuffs— No. 11 Terrace. 
 
 Most Americans use tobacco in some form — we speak of the male biped, of course — 
 and the trade in the weed is of astonishing proportions. Buffalo and the region tribu- 
 tary thereto chews and smokes and snuffs a fair proportion of the grand total, and 
 consequently the trade here is very large. A representative house in this line is the 
 great wholesale tobacco, cigar and snuff concern of E. L. Winship, No. 11 Terrace, 
 which handles about $425,000 worth of goods per annum, embracing all grades, from 
 the finest and most costly to the commonest and cheapest, the specialties being the 
 renowned Kinney Bros.' cigarettes, fine imported Key West and domestic cigars, and 
 the best and choicest brands of Virginia and Kentucky plug and fine-cut chewing 
 tobaccos, together with Scotch and .American snuff, smokers' goods, and fancy articles. 
 
 Mr. Winship is a native of Buffalo, established his present venture in 1874, and has 
 made a study of the trade to which he caters. He carries an immense stock, selected 
 especially for this market, sells only at wholesale for casli or to prompt time buyers, 
 and offers the lowest market jjuo.tations. He. deservesand has a liberal support. 
 
 Digitized byWlicroson® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 183 
 
 JOH N KN EIS. 
 
 House, Sign, Fresco, Wagon and Carriage Painter — Graining, Kalsomining, 
 Decorating, Wall Tinting, etc. — No. 21 Purdy St. 
 
 The house painter and f rescoer naay be fairly denominated the poet of architecture, 
 bringing out, as he does, its beauties, softening its asperities, concealing or relieving its 
 faults and adding to its effects. But the painter who would achieve fame and fortune 
 thus must be a man of taste, skill and aptitude, conscientious and painstaking. Such 
 a one is Mr. John Kneis, of No. 21 Purdy street, Buffalo. Mr. Kneis first established 
 himself on Pearl street in 1881, removing to his present location in April, 1885. Here 
 he has ample accommodations, comprising a fine lot 33 by 200 feet, upon which stands 
 a coramodiouB and convenient paint-shop 30 feet front and 60 feet in depth. Sixteen 
 journeymen and apprentices are steadily employed, whose wages average $300 a week, 
 Mr. Kneis' business footing up about $50,000 a year. His facilities are of the best, 
 particularly for the doing of fine work. Among his recently completed contracts are : 
 St. John's church, Buffalo Plains, painting; several rpsidences for Mr. Hellriegel, 
 president of German-American Bank, painting and frescoing; the ^Hayen building, 
 frescoing, besides a number of superior jobs of frescoing for other parties. 
 
 Mr. Kneis was born in Sandusky, Ohio, in 1854. He was a member of the 65th N. 
 G. S. N. T. up to its disbandment, and is a good citizen in all respects. Among his 
 references we note the name of Rev. Gerard H. Gyson, pastor of St. John's church. 
 North Buffalo. 
 
 Mr. Kneis indulges his ingenuity occasionally on matters outside of his regular 
 calling, and is the inventor of an improved incubator, manufactured by Axford & 
 Bros., Chicago. Its capacity is forty -four dozen, which number of chicks it can turn 
 out every twenty-one days, provided it is supplied with fresh, sound eggs and properly 
 attended. It is a great thing, and will prove a blessing to the overworked hens of the 
 country. 
 
 F. J. SCHA FER, 
 
 Merchant Tailor— No. 64 Arcade Building, Over No. 9 Clinton St. 
 'Mr. F. J. Schafer has been engaged in the merchant tailoring business at his prBsonr. 
 location, Nos. 63 and 64 Arcade building, since 1878. He came to this city from Attica 
 in 1875, having the advantage of a very thorough practical knowledge of the business 
 in all its details. In everything pertaining to designing and making the most stylish 
 garments for gentlemen's wear, Mr. Schafer is unsurpassed by any rivals in his line. 
 The stock of imported and domestic suitings to be found oh his counters is selected 
 with the greatest care, and no pains are spared to please the most fastidious taste. 
 When it comes to giving the greatest satisfaction for the money, it is simply giving the 
 bald-headed truth the greatest publicity in saying in this connection that Mr. Schafer 
 never allows any opposition to offer better inducements. The consequence is, when a 
 good many other tailors are pining for something to do, Mr. Schafer is full of business. 
 Hence, as a live, enterprising citizen, he finds himself represented in this work on the' 
 Industries of Buffalo. 
 
 VALENTIN E CEN TNER. JR., 
 
 Manufacturing Jeweler — Plain, Chased and Seal Rings a Specialty — Badges, 
 etc.— Nos. 16 and 18 Cast £lagle St. 
 
 The extent to which the manufacture of jewelers' specialties is carried on in this 
 city is something remarkable. The representation is large and the volume of business 
 done is of considerable importance. Among those engaged in the business who are 
 already taking a leading position may be mentioned Mr. V. Gentner, jr. He started in 
 the year 1883, and is now doing a business of $10,000 a year. The lines which Mr. 
 Gentner represents are among the finest in the whole range of the jewelry business. 
 The setting of diamonds is a feature in which this gentleman has achieved a well-earned 
 reputation. Badges of all descriptions and plain, chased and seal rings are specialties 
 with him, and for artistic finish and reliable material they are unsurpassed. He has 
 been in the business thirteen years, and with several leading firms. A native of Ger- 
 many, Mr. Gentner came to Buffalo in 1860. A working force of twelve men is required, 
 and it is not a rash presumption that in time this establishment will acknowledge no 
 superior, either in this city or elsewhere. 
 
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184 THE INDUSTB1JE8 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 SAMUEL McCU TCHEON, 
 
 steamboat and Engineers' Supplies— Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron Manufac- 
 turing—No. 18 Obio St. 
 
 One of the important industries of this city is associated with handling the supplies 
 needed by engineers and steamcraft generally. For more than a quarter of a century 
 past the well-known house of Samuel McCutcheon has been identified with this branch 
 of business at the old stand. No. 18 Ohio street. The premises here occupied consist of 
 a well-equipped four-story building, where the manufacture of copper, tin and sheet 
 iron work is extensively carried on. Special attention has always been given to 
 steamboat, vessel, brewery and distillery work. In this direction Mr. McCutcheon 
 claims that from his long and successful experience in the business, and intimate 
 knowledge of the work and material required, he is able to guarantee the best results. 
 His establishment is completely stocked with a superior line of goods, such as brass 
 cocks, globe valves and couplings of all kinds, iron pipe and fittings, also leather and 
 rubber hose and hose pipes, steam packing, and all kinds of rubber goods. The house 
 is also agent for the Davidson steam pump, Amazon boiler compound, and Orme patent 
 safety and relief valve. As may be supposed, the business of the house is widely 
 distributed and aggregates a large volume annually. 
 
 Originally the style of the firm was Brown & McCutcheon. In 1875 Mr. Brown 
 retired, and since then it has been as noted, Samuel McCutcheon. This gentleman is a 
 native of New York city, where he acquired a knowledge of the business, His career 
 in Buffalo has been one of uninterrupted success, due to the judicious management 
 given the business. 
 
 A. J, GRAD, 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Manufacturer — No. 718 Broadway. 
 
 Mr. Grad is the direct successor of Eugene Hickman, who established this prosper- 
 ous industry in 1875, Mr. Qrad taking possession in 1886. He has a very commodious 
 and well-appointed three-story factory, built of brick, the front building, 30 by 40 feet 
 containing the warerooms, paint shop and blacksmith shop, the rear, of same dimen- 
 sions, containing the wood-working department. Nine men are steadily employed, who 
 turn out from $8,000 to $9,000 worth of finished work per annum, most of which is 
 custom work for city patrons. 
 
 Every description of fine and medium buggy and wagon work, together with repair- 
 ing, repainting and blacksmithing, is done in the best manner at this establishment, at 
 moderate prices and promptly. 
 
 Mr. Qrad was born in xhis city — Sixth ward — in 1858, and has followed his present 
 vocation since early youth. His is the leading concern of the kind out Broadway, and 
 is growing in importance. 
 
 URB AN & CO. 
 
 Proprietors of the Urban Roller Mill— Wholesale Dealers in Flour Feed 
 <Graiu. etc.— Nos. 381 and 383 Ellicott and 324 and 326 Oak St. ' 
 
 George Urban established this firm in 1846 as flour dealers. The present mill has 
 all the modern improvements in milling, as it was built in 1881, since the revolution in 
 milling caused by the introduction of the roller system, and was the first complete roller 
 mill in Buffalo. All new improvements are added as soon as discovered, and the flour 
 kept in the front rank. Mr. Urban, senior, admitted his son, George, jr., as partner in 
 1870. In 1875 Mr. E. G. S. Miller was admitted to the firm, and in 1883 Mr. Urban's 
 youngest son, William C, was admitted. In 1885 Mr. George Urban, sr., retired and 
 the remaining partners continued as Urban & Co. ' 
 
 The mill itself is a fine five-story brick building, 40 by 100 feet, on Ellicott street, 
 opposite the Washington market, while a three-story office and warehouse, 40 by 9o' 
 feet, fronts on Oak street, Messrs. Urban & Co. making it a point to keep a full supply 
 of everything in the flour line constantly on hand, the bakers' trade especially being 
 able to get from their stock any kind or kinds of flour they may call for, while the 
 product of the mill has from the first taken the lead. Their " Pearl " brand of flour, made 
 from a combination of spring and winter wheats, is especially a favorite as a family 
 flour, while only the finest of No. 1 hard wheat is used for their "Urban's Best" and 
 
 •■ Bakers' " flour. ^.^.^.^^^ ^^ Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 185 
 
 DR. JO HN T. CLARIS, 
 
 Veterinary Surgeon and Proprietor of the East Side Horse Infirmary— Nos. 
 
 627 and 629 Clinton St. 
 
 The importance of 
 the Buccessful treat- 
 ment of the diseases of 
 horses and cattle, es- 
 pecially the former, 
 has been exemplified 
 by the conspicuous po- 
 sition now occupied by 
 veterinary schools. 
 Probably the one with 
 the most widely ex- 
 tended reputation is the 
 Ontario Veterinary Col- 
 lege, located at To- 
 ronto. Our neighbors 
 across the border have 
 taken an advanced po- 
 sition in this specialty, 
 the institution referred 
 to being under the di- 
 rection of the Ontario 
 government. Among 
 the most successful 
 graduates of this col- 
 lege is Dr. John T. 
 Claris, who in 1882 lo- 
 cated in this city. He 
 immediately began 
 business in a manner 
 which indicated that he 
 was bound to make a 
 splendid success of his 
 chosen profession. Se- 
 curing a well-located 
 site, corner of Clinton 
 and Adams streets, Dr. 
 C 1 ar i s proceeded t o 
 erect a commodious 
 horse infirmary which 
 should contain features 
 not possessed by any similar one in Western New York. When completed the new 
 building met his expectations, and its record since demonstrates the utility of its design. 
 It is a most substantially constructed three-story brick with cut stone trimmings, and is 
 30 by 110 feet in dimensions. The office and laboratory are elegantly and completely ap- 
 pointed. Coming to the interior arrangements, there are thirty-eight single and ten box 
 stalls, all scientifically permeated with steam pipes, which insure the proper tempera- 
 ture. This feature is peculiar to this establishment, and is of vital importance during 
 cold weather in the successful treatment of all respiratory diseases. The cost of the 
 building complete was $15,000, and the results have amply justified the outlay. 
 
 Dr. Claris' success in the treatment of horse ailments has been remarkable, and 
 hie reputation has gone abroad as a skillful and accomplished veterinary surgeon. 
 He has been ably assisted by Dr. E. W. Anderson since the infirmary was opened, and 
 one or the other is always present. From the foregoing it can be inferred that any 
 cases intrusted to this popular institution are sure of the best treatment. Dr. Claris is 
 a courteous gentleman and will be found a reliable man of business. Among his 
 preparations is Dr. Claris' celebrated veterinary ointment, a valuable remedy for 
 scratches, cracked heels, sore backs and shoulders, cuts, wounds, and all surface diseases 
 of horses and cattle. His anti-chill and fever medicine is invaluable for the cure of 
 inflammatory diseases, particularly chills, fevers, congestion and inflammation of the 
 lungs, coughs, colds, colic, staggers, etc. 
 
 ^^ Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
186 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Dl^(PBpm^^fff^-) 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 isr 
 
 J. F. Moulton, President ; James Adams, Vice-President ; J. M. Brinfcer, 
 Treasurer ; W. S. Frear, Secretary ; J. C. Weber, Superintendent — Works, 
 Seventh, Wilkeson and Mohavirk. Sts, ; Executive OHice, Room 6, Coal 
 and Iron Exchange. 
 
 Thanks to the progressive spirit of a few resolute and influential citizens, Buffalo 
 enjoys the enviable distinction of being one of the best lighted, and consequently one of the 
 safest cities, for life and property, on the continent, and her broad, handsomely-built 
 thoroughfares are indeed an inspiring sight after nightfall, when hundreds of glitter- 
 ing electric lamps shed their far-reaching refulgence on every hand. 
 
 From the Electrical Remew we glean the subjoined interesting summary of the 
 early history of electric lighting in Buffalo : 
 
 The subject of electric lighting was first agitated in Buffalo early in 1881, and a 
 company organized and incorporated March 28th of that year, known as the " Buffalo 
 Electric Light Company," with a capital stock of $100,000; John F. Moulton, presi- 
 dent ; A. P. Wright, vice president, and H. G. Nolton, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 Through the efforts of the Brush Electric Company of Cleveland, and before any 
 operations had been commenced, the Buffalo Electric Light Company sold all riglits 
 of way, etc., to the Brush Electric Light Company of Buffalo, incorporated Jnne 1st, 
 1881, with the following officers: John F. Moulton, president; James Adams, vice- 
 president, and H. R. Nolton, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The company first started a forty-light station on the " Island," where there were no 
 gas mains, and subsequently lighted Ganson street with twelve lamps at $5,000 per year. 
 Two additional stations were soon put into operation, and wires rapidly extended to ac- 
 commodate the fast increasing demand for more brilliancy than the old illnminants were 
 capable of furnishing. The prices adopted at the outset were fifty cents for half-night 
 lights and seventy-five cents for all-night lights, yearly contracts being required and 
 strictly adhered to, having no competing company to cut rates. In July, 1882, the 
 capacity of the company was about two hundred lights, and at that time a contract was 
 secured with the city to light portions of the most prominent streets, requiring forty 
 lamps, for which the city paid sixty-five cents per light per night. 
 
 The opposition of the gas companies did not commence to be felt to any great ex- 
 tent until June, 1883, when, having further extended the plant, the electric light 
 company were naturally desirous of an increased amount of the city's patronage, and 
 made a bid to light the public streets at fifty-five cents per night per light. At the 
 inception of the electric light company, gas cost private consumers $2.50 per thousand 
 and $2 to the city for street lighting, and $2.25 for public buildings. Through the 
 effects of electricity's advent this was forced to $2.35, $1 80 and $3 respectively in 1883. 
 The city's contract with the gas companies expired in August, 1883, and the encroach- 
 ing electric light company attracted the righteous indignation of the gas producers and 
 war was declared. The fight in the common council waged hot and heavy. A majority 
 favored electric light, and three times in as many months the mayor, favoring gas, 
 vetoed the resolution of i,\\iyf^tizS^<^y:Ml(3P6^0fi®^S contracts to be made with the 
 
188 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 electric light company for lighting a large amount of territory. In October a com- 
 promise was effected, by which the electric light company secured 135 additional lights 
 at fifty-five cents per light, but not before the gas companies were compelled by their 
 opposition to decrease the price of gas to |1.60 to the city and $1.80 to private con- 
 sumers. At this time the price of gas is $1.50 per 1,000 to private consumers and 
 $1.40 to the city, a reduction from $2.50 when the company started that the Brush 
 Electric Light Company claim full credit for and generally receive. The present 
 council and mayor are friendly to the extension of the district to be lighted with elec- 
 tricity, and numerous additions have been voted since January, 1886. 
 
 The plan of small or sub-stations was found to be too expensive, and steps taken to 
 concentrate the power which have produced what experts are pleased to term "the best 
 equipped electric lighting station in the country. " The building, erected in 1884, is 130 by 
 180 feet in area, two stories in height, and the ground floor is devoted to the boilers and 
 furnaces, the battery consisting of 13 steel 100-horse-power boilers of late improved patter d , 
 provided with smokeless furnaces that consume soft coal slack. The smoke-stack is 
 eight feet square at the base and 115 feet high. In the generator room, 40 by 130 feet, 
 are 31 Westinghouse upright automatic engines of 65 horse-power each — one for each 
 of the 31 Brush dynamos and two incandescent machines — one the United States patent, 
 the other a Westinghouse — designed for competition with gas in interior lighting. 
 Adam, Meldrum & Anderson's dry goods establishment and the Tift house were lighted 
 by this system in November — the first with 400, the latter with 300 lamps of sixteen- 
 candle-power — a much better and safer light, at less cost than gas, however cheap the 
 latter. The capacity of tlie Brush dynamo is 65 lamps of 3,000 candle-power each, or a 
 power of illumination equal to 130,000 candles. 
 
 In this city the company has now in actual use about 300 miles of conducting wire 
 and over six hundred poles for city lighting^a showing that will be vastly increased 
 during the present year. In anticipation thereof a substantial new brick building, 100 
 by 100 feet, has been erected adjoining the old one, thus providing ample room for any 
 required augmentation of plant. At present 50 or more men are required, including 
 linemen, firemen, engineers, lamp-trimmers, repairers, etc. As a matter of economy a 
 large stock of material is carried at all times to meet emergencies in the way of exten- 
 sions and repairs. Mr. Albert J. Weber, a brother of the superintendent, is general 
 foreman. 
 
 THE HINTERMISTER ORGAN AND PIANO CO. 
 
 (Limited), 
 
 Manufacturers of Tlie Hintermister Organ and Piano— Nos. 198 and 200 
 
 Terrace. 
 
 Of Buffalo's more recently established industries, one of the most notable is the fine 
 factory of the Hintermister Organ and Piano Co., Nos. 198 and 300 Terrace, established 
 in 1884. The chairman of the company, M. J. H. Hintermister, a native of Zurich, 
 Switzerland, is one of the most accomplished makers of these instruments in the world, 
 having had an experience extending over forty years in Europe and this country. He 
 resides at Oil City, Pa., while his son, Mr. F. A. Hintermister, is manager of the works 
 here. The latter is a native of Ithaca, N. Y. , has been connected with the organ trade 
 all his life, is a practical workman, and a master of the business in all its details. 
 
 A visit to the factory and salesrooms is full of interest and instruction. The com- 
 pany occupy a handsome four-story building, 33 by 107 feet, with commodious base- 
 ment, and at this time employ ten finished workmen, a force that will be added to as 
 opportunity offers to secure competent instrument makers. A fine equipment of 
 ingenious and costly machinery forms a valuable portion of the plant, and the capacity 
 is sufiBcient to meet present demands. The sales for the past year aggregated about 
 $15,000, but the prospect is that 1887 will see that figure more than doubled. The 
 specialty of the house is the celebrated Hintermister organ, an instrument that has made 
 for itself a splendid reputation in the face of the severest opposition from rival manu- 
 facturers. It is a singularly perfect organ, beautifully made and finished and remark- 
 ably sweet in touch and tone, and, though we do not profess a profound knowledge of 
 music, we must say that we have never heard more delightful sounds than were evoked 
 from one of these instruments for our delectation. 
 
 The house has a general trade all over the country, particularly in the oil region, 
 Western Pennsylvania, Pi"ftpyf g^%^i/J^fcrOSO/?® ' 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 189 
 
 WILLIAM H.SLOCUM, 
 
 Official Stenographer to tbe Supreme Court, Eiglith Judicial District of 
 New York; Principal of Slocum's Stenographic School; Patentee of 
 Slocum's Improved Type-'Writer, and Agent for the Kemington Stand- 
 ard Type-Writer — Rooms 50, 51, 52 and 53 Chapin Block, No. 17 
 "West Swan St. 
 
 To the intelligent and industrious 
 young man or woman having his or 
 her own way to make in life and 
 sufficiently cultivated and refined to 
 care for superior associations, no other 
 pursuit ofEers so many attractions as 
 the study and practice of stenog- 
 raphy ; and when to a thorough 
 knowledge of this most useful art is 
 added a mastery of the type-writer 
 and a liberal fund of general infor- 
 mation obtained from books and 
 current literature, no better equip- 
 ment for the battle of life could be 
 desired, for positions are always open 
 to its possessors — positions in which good pay, and, what is better, habitual contact 
 with practical men of affairs, bankers, merchants, capitalists, professional men, authors, 
 •editors, scientists, etc., are assured, and a vista of advancement at once opened to 
 them, full of promise and of splendid possibilities. 
 
 Slocum's Stenographic School, rooms 50 to 53 Chapin block. No. 17 West Swan 
 street, Buifalo, stands in the front rank of those institutions which fit the young men 
 and women of America for careers of usefulness, independence and possible distinc- 
 tion. A complete and finishing course is given in the rudiments and higher branches 
 •of stenography in any of the popular systems of the day — Graham's being the 
 standard — together with careful training in penmanship and type- writing, six months 
 being the time usually required, and the fee in both branches being $50. A neat 
 pamphlet containing all necessary information will be mailed to any address on appli- 
 cation to the principal. 
 
 The Kemington Standard Ttpb- Writer. — Mr. Slocum is general agent for the 
 famous Remington Standard type-writer for Buffalo and vicinity. He carries a com- 
 plete line of these popular machines, and is prepared to fill orders for the same at 
 factory prices. It is unnecessary to either describe or praise the " Remington Standard," 
 which is the best-known, most popular, oldest and most universally used of all type- 
 writers. Catalogue and price-list mailed when desired. 
 
 Slocum's Improved Type- Writer. — 
 The Improved Type- Writer, illustrated 
 herewith, is of Mr. Slocum's own in- 
 vention, patented February 9, 18S6. The 
 cut was made from the original model, 
 and a number of more or less important 
 changes and modifications have been 
 introduced previous to ofEering the 
 machine to the public. Sunday Truth 
 of February 28 prints the subjoined 
 very clear and concise description of 
 the new caligraphic instrument : 
 
 The key-board is about ten inches in 
 width and the extreme length of the 
 machine about 13 inches, and its height, 
 including carriage, 6 inches. Point A rep- 
 resents the fulcrum of the type levers, 
 B the guide for the type bar, and the 
 joint of the type bar, and figure 3 shows a detached key on which D is the fulcrum 
 and E the joint. Figure 3 shows the universal guide, against the under side of which 
 •each letter strikes as the key is depressed, causing the type bar to slide from the right 
 
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190 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 or left to the center, then rising vertically to the paper. Figures 2 and 8 do not repre- 
 sent the parts accurately, but show the principle, and how they operate. 
 
 A spring is placed under and forward of the fulcrum on each type lever, which 
 carries the key upward and causes the type bar to follow the guide back to its normal 
 
 position after the 
 FiG-.a. letter is printed. 
 
 The feeding mechan- 
 ism consists of two 
 rack bars placed side 
 by side, firmly at- 
 tached to each other with alternate teeth pointing downward, underneath which is a 
 vertical wheel with square cogs, against which the teeth of the rack bar are suc- 
 cessively engaged. As the wheel is rotated, the cog which arrests a tooth of the first 
 rack bar is passed by that tooth, which tooth then passes between the cogs of the 
 wheel, and the double rack bar moves ahead and the second part of the double rack bar 
 engages the same cog as the first rack bar tooth did. 
 
 The next movement of the wheel allows the second rack bar to be released, and a 
 tooth of the first rack bar is engaged by a cog as before, and so on, continuously. By 
 this feed it is impossible to have any skipping of letters, or failure of the carriage to 
 move, and it is capable of quicker action than any feed upon machines in present use. 
 
 Upon depressing a key the type bar follows the universal guide and delivers the 
 impression. As soon as the finger leaves the key the type bar resumes its normal posi- 
 tion, at the same time, by a simple mechanism, rotates the wheel one tooth, which 
 allows the rack bar to travel one space. 
 
 It will be observed that while each type bar on its upward movement follows the 
 universal guide shown in figure 3, on its return it does not follow that guide back, but 
 drops directly into place between the individual guides, B. 
 
 This movement allows almost perfect freedom of operation of any two adjoining type 
 bars, as one type bar following the universal guide to the center will not interfere with 
 the other bar returning to its place of rest. 
 
 In all of the machines constructed with type bars in a concentric ring, each bar is 
 compelled to describe an arc of nearly or quite forty-five degrees. In this machine the 
 levers raise only about twelve degrees of a circle. 
 
 It will be seen that each letter is guided to the center by the positive universal 
 guide, and there will consequently be an impossibility of any letter getting out of 
 alignment after once having been placed in position, as the latter part of the guide is of 
 only sufiicient widih to allow the type bar to pass. 
 
 The fulcrum joint is attached to a plate by two screws through slotted holes, allow- 
 ing the lever to be moved forward or backward to place the letters in perfect alignment. 
 
 Perfect impression of the type can easily be made at an angle of 60 degrees. There 
 are only about one-third the number of pieces used in the construction of this machine 
 that there is in any other of the leading machines before the public. 
 
 Several parties 'formerly connected with the manufacture and sale of other type- 
 writing machines now upon the market unhesitatingly acknowledge its simplicity, and 
 that it possesses points of superiority over every other machine that has yet been 
 exhibited. The principal points in favor of this machine are : 
 
 1. Rapidity and ease of action. 
 
 3. Impossibility of losing its alignment. 
 
 3. Simplicity of construction, all parts being made of metal, hence will not b& 
 affected by dampness. 
 
 4. All parts liable to wear are provided with simple adjustments, which unskillful 
 operators can adjust. 
 
 5. It can be built and sold for one-half the price of other first-class machines. 
 
 6. Its weight is only ten pounds, and occupies less space than any other machine 
 upon the market. 
 
 Mr. Slocum has had flattering offers for his patent, but prefers to either manu- 
 facture them here or allow them to be made on a royalty. He now has five other 
 patents pending for improvements in type-writers, and his inventive genius is not con- 
 fined to this branch of mechanics. A lead-pencil sharpener which does its work 
 quickly and perfectly, and never breaks the points, will soon be placed upon the market 
 by him. 
 
 Mr. Slocum is personally a very popular, public-spirited gentleman, and a good 
 citizen. In addition to the arduous duties of his stenographic school and type-writer 
 depot, he is president of the Buffalo Mutual Accident Association, noticed at length on 
 another page. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 191 
 
 A. H. BROWN, 
 
 Machine Shop and Brass Foundry— Copper and Sheet Iron Work, General 
 Repairing, Engineers' Supplies— Nos. 16, 18 and 20 Elk St. 
 
 Owing to the vast amount of engine and 
 machine-building done here, there is probably 
 no better location in America for the skillful 
 worker in metals than BufEalo, the terminus of 
 lake navigation and of so many railroads stretch- 
 ing away to every point of the compass, and the 
 seat of a vast manufacturing interest. 
 
 One of the oldest and most favorably known 
 of Buffalo's machinists, brass founders and 
 sheet-metal workers is Mr. A. H. Brown, Nos. 
 16, 18 and 20 Elk street, who has resided here 
 since 1838. Up to 1854 he was a lake steamer 
 engineer, then for four years chief engineer of 
 the American Transportation Co., and in 1859 
 established himself in business at his present 
 location. He is of Irish birth, removing at the 
 age of three years, with his parents, to Mont- 
 gomery county. Pa. 
 
 Mr. Brown's works occupy a convenient three- 
 story brick building, 45 by 51 feet square, and give employment to from twelve to 
 twenty-five hands, according to the requirements of trade and season, and does a steady 
 and flourishing business. 
 
 Mr. Brown does every description of light machine work, sells one of the best steam 
 governors in use, and has on hand a full line of water and steam gauges, copper and sheet 
 iron work for tanners, brewers and others, gives attention to repairs of all kinds in his 
 line, carries a superior stock of engineers' supplies, and makes specialties of railroad 
 and steamboat brass castings, steam fitting, Cameron steam pumps, brass goods, rubber 
 and leather hose and packing, crucibles, etc. 
 
 
 JOHN KAM, 
 
 Maltster — Malthouses, Nos. 410 and 436 Pratt and Corner Genesee and Pratt 
 Sts. ; Office, No. 377 Genesee, Corner Pratt St. 
 
 Buffalo's maltsters annually produce and ship rather more than less than 5,000,000 
 bushels of superior malt, principally from the famous Canadian barley, which it is 
 claimed has no equal for that purpose. Some thirty firms and individuals are engaged 
 in this industry, employing hundreds of operatives and many millions of dollars capital. 
 One of the most prosperous and successful of the Queen City's maltsters is Mr. John 
 Kam, who began operations in a small way at No. 377 Genesee street some eighteen or 
 nineteen years ago. Himself a skillful maltster, industrious and thrifty, he found ready 
 sale for every bushel he could produce at the highest market prices, and soon found 
 himself obliged to increase his facilities. In 1873 he built the tine malt-house No. 4Hi; 
 Pratt street, 40 by 50 feet square and three stories in height; eight years later he erpct.-L 
 the large and commodious establishment at No. 410 Pratt street, at first three ssioiied, 
 125 by 160 feet, but enlarged in 1884 by the addition of four floors, thus securing the 
 advantage of vastly increased floorage without extra expenditure for land. He also 
 continues to occupy his original stand. No. 377 Genesee street, where he has two malting 
 floors and his oflice. He employs twenty to thirty hands and all necessary machinery of 
 the latest improved kinds, and has ample facilities for the manufacture of 200,000 
 bushels annually. 
 
 Mr. Kam's skillfully made malt is in demand among brewers at home, and is largely 
 shipped to the trade all over Western New York, to the metropolis, Brooklyn, Newark, 
 Baltimore, Cleveland and elsewhere. 
 
 Mr. K. is of German birth, came to Buffalo more than thirty years ago, and has made 
 malting the business of his life. He is ably assisted in the oflace and malt-houses by his 
 sons, Henry and Joseph, energetic, enterprising, wide-awake young men. 
 
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193 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 F. S. PEASE, 
 
 Manufacturer of Refined Petroleum, Illuminating and Lubricating- Oils, 
 Paints, Artists' Materials, etc.— Nos. 65 and 67 Main, 83, 84 and 86 
 ■Washington Sts. 
 
 The subject of illumina- 
 ting and lubricating oils is 
 of direct interest to people 
 of every condition and in 
 every walk of life, for it 
 is one that immediately 
 concerns and influences 
 manufactures, commerce 
 and domestic economy. 
 
 Mr. F. S. Pease, the 
 prom inent manufacturer 
 of and dealer in refined 
 petroleum oils for lubri- 
 cating and illuminating 
 purposes, whose commodious establishment at Nos. 65 and 67 Main and 82, 84 and 86 
 Washington streets, is widely and favorably known to the trade and consumers, may 
 safely be called a public benefactor, since he has attained to a wonderful degree of 
 perfection in the manipulation of this subtle and even yet somewhat mysterious fluid, 
 removing from it by his peculiar and approved processes nearly if not quite all of its 
 objectionable and dangerous elements. His high fire test, colorless, odorless, non- 
 explosive illuminating oil, refined and prepared expressly for domestic use, is confess- 
 edly equal if not superior to any article of the kind ever offered to the public. As an 
 evidence of its high grade, and, indeed, of all of Mr. Pease's products, it may be stated 
 here that his goods were awarded prize medals at the world's expositions of London, 
 1862; Paris, 1867; Vienna, 1873; Santiago, 1875; the Centennial, 1876 ; Paris, 1878; 
 New York, 1878 ; Baltimore, 1878; Chicago, 1878 ; Sidney, 1879; Melbourne, 1880, and 
 the National Exposition of Railway Appliances, Chicago, 1883. 
 
 Mr. Pease has been established here as a refiner and dealer in oils, paints, artists' 
 materials, etc., since 1848, and consequently has a high reputation, earned by a long 
 and honorable career, to sustain; therefore the grade of his goods may be at all times 
 relied upon as standard. His place of business, 50 by 150 feet and four stories in height, 
 is one of the most complete and conveniently arranged in the country. Some fifteen or 
 twenty men are employed in the various departments, and the annual output aggre- 
 gates several hundred thousand dollars in value, finding a market not only in the 
 United States but in Europe. No travelers are employed, and the sales of the house 
 are based on merit only. 
 
 J.WIESBAUER, 
 
 Manufacturer of Jewelers' Findings— No. 410 Main St. 
 
 The variety of manufactures in the city of Buffalo demonstrates the fact that in 
 the near future this city is bound to become one of the leading industrial centers of the 
 country. In the pages of this work will be found reference to all the different lines. 
 As an illustration, a few remarks will be made in regard to the business done by Mr. j] 
 Wiesbauer, manufacturer of jewelers' findings. The term is a very comprehensive 
 one, and calls for specific mention. As is well known, the jewelry trade requires a 
 long line of articles, specially made for the purpose of displaying wares to the best 
 advantage. This has created a branch of business of considerable importance. Mr. 
 Wiesbauer gives his attention entirely to the manufacture of such specialties as fine 
 trays, plush, velvet and morocco cases, etc. He is sole manufacturer of Fowler's patent 
 material cabinet, which is one of the most useful cabinets known to the trade. Wood 
 mailing and express boxes, tags, cords and the entire range of such and kindred requi- 
 sites are among the goods which are manufactured. Mr. Wiesbauer has been in the 
 business since 1877, and his is the only complete establishment of the kind west of 
 New York. Possessing the best of facilities, he is able to meet competition from any 
 quarter. The annual business amounts to about $25,000 a year, which indicates what 
 its extent and possibilities are. He also keeps two travelers constantly on the road. 
 
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THE INBU8TBIE8 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 193 
 
 N. P. C HANEY & CO. 
 
 Feather Beds, Pillows and Hair Mattresses Renovated by Steam— Mat- 
 tresses, Bedsteads, Springs, etc. — No. 818 Main St. 
 
 Around the city of BufEalo the chronicler of 
 her various industrial interests can find ample 
 material to write about. People are becoming 
 more enlightened every day of the importance, 
 from a sanitary point of view, of the frequent 
 renovating of feather beds, hair mattresses, pil- 
 lows, etc. Too much care cannot be taken in 
 such a matter of vital importance to health and 
 
 p;- .,^>:^-;r^s^5,isas=is^,s==«^ comfort. The firm of N. P. Chaney & Co., No. 
 
 I I jl [j'it^ "^ " • £S^J^ -i-^'^5=^^^"^^^^^ isg^-^a^ 818 Main street, have exceptionally good facili- 
 
 £ — LLJ "'"' '''"''''" ■'"''L::.'iA:.L ' " ' "'i ties for doing this work by a steam process. Mr. 
 
 Chaney is the patentee of what is probably the 
 CLOSED. most eflScient renovating machine for this purpose 
 
 in use at the present time. No chemicals are used, and after going through the process 
 
 the goods come out as clean as when new. 
 
 This firm also manufacture Cbaney's im- 
 proved upholstered cot and lounge, which is 
 
 conceded, by all who have seen and used it, to 
 
 be the most complete cot ever introduced. It 
 
 is light and easily handled, made with spiral 
 
 springs, and is equal in sleeping qualities to 
 
 any bed. It is a bed and lounge complete, 
 
 and at one-half the cost of an ordinary 
 
 lounge. There is also kept in stock a full line of mattresses made of the best hair. 
 
 Fibres, husk, sea-grass and mixed mattresses, with bedateads, unba, cots, Bpnugs, live 
 
 geese feathers and all bed furnishings, are constantly kept in stock. Mr. Chaney is a 
 
 thoroughly practical man and fully understands all the details of the business. The 
 
 trade is large and on the increase. 
 
 KEHR & DUFFY, 
 
 General Macbinists— Builders of Steam Yacht, Stationary, Marine and Port- 
 able Engines, Pulleys, Hangers and Shafting— Dealers in New and Second- 
 hand Boilers and Sugines— General Repairers, etc.— No. 93 Washington St. 
 
 The building of steam engines for all purposes on land and water is an industry in 
 which BufEalo mechanics excel and in which they are renowned throughout the length 
 and breadth of the continent. One firm that is doing much to augment the fame of the 
 Queen City in this specialty is that of Kehr & Duffy, founded by Mr. Geo. H. Kehr in 
 1881, and strengthened by the accession of Mr. James Duffy in 1885. This very skillful 
 firm of machinists occupy the first and second floors, each 30 by 60 feet, of the commo- 
 dious brick building No. 93 Washington street, where they have well-appointed shops 
 provided with all required machinery of the latest improved kinds, and employ a 
 competent force of first-class workmen, turning out many thousands dollars' worth of 
 superior work every year, most of which is disposed of at home, but much is made to 
 order for shipment to other States. , 
 
 The specialties of the house embrace every description of yacht, stationary, marine 
 and portable steam engines of modern pattern, embracing in their construction various 
 practical and useful improvements dev^ised or patented by the members of the firm. 
 These engines are of all sizes, in all styles, and of the finest material and workmanship. 
 The house also carries a large stock of new and second-hand boilers and upright engines 
 of various sizes, and manufacture pulleys, hangers and shafting to order, besides giving 
 prompt and careful attention to repairs of engines, boilers, steam pumps afld machinery 
 of all kinds, the testing of boilers and the purchase and sale of new and second-hand 
 boilers and engines, and the construction of improved dredge machinery and friction 
 clutches. 
 
 Mr. Kehr came to BufEalo from Connecticut, of which State he is a native, in 1850. 
 Mr. DufEy was reared here. Both have devoted their entire active lives to their present 
 pursuit, are ingenious and successful men and worthy citizens. 
 
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194 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 FROMM & CO. 
 
 jasi;" 
 
 Wholesale Manufacturers of liounges— Nos. 360 DeWltt St. and 1335 West 
 
 Ave., Black Rock. 
 
 This energetic young firm, 
 formerly Fromm & Blandford, 
 is coming rapidly to the front, 
 and bids fair ere long to take 
 rank with BuflFalo's leading 
 manufacturers. Founded as 
 recently as March, 1886, it is al- 
 ready turning out goods at the 
 rate of $30,000 worth per an- 
 num and of the best grades, 
 making an exclusive specialty 
 of lounges in all styles, of su- 
 perior design, material and 
 workmanship. The original 
 firm was dissolved on the 18th 
 of January by the withdrawal 
 Mr. J. T. Blandford. A re- 
 organization under the present 
 firm name was at once effected, composed of Messrs. John W. Fromm, Clifford E. Orr 
 and John R.Ash. Their factory occupies a commodious two-story frame building, Nos. 
 360 DeWitt street and 13'i5 West avenue, fronting 60 feet on the first and 15 feet on 
 the last-named thoroughfare. This building is of irregular shape, and is in fact equal 
 in dimensions to one 45 by 80 feet, with wings, one 30 by 50, the other 40 by 50 feet. 
 Besides a full complement of woodworking and other machinery twenty-five workmen 
 are employed, and every facility is at hand for doing a large and growing business. 
 
 Mr. John W. Fromm is a native of Buffalo, and all members of the firm are men of 
 push and industry. Mr. Fromm was for a time superintendent of the late H. J. Com- 
 stock's renowned lounge works on Court street. The house is therefore headed by a 
 practical mechanic, who has worked his way to the position of employer by the exer- 
 cise of push and skill. The firm already control much of the best trade of Buffalo 
 and vicinity, and are extending their connections throughout this and adjoining States. 
 
 J. LANGDON & CO.— Incorporated. 
 
 C. J. Langdon, President ; J. D. P. Slee, Vice-President ; T. W. Crane, Treas- 
 urer; C. M. Underhill, Western Manager; C. N. Shlpinan, Secretary — 
 Anthracite and Bituminous Coal— Office, Rooms 1 and 3 Chapiu Block, 
 No. 17 West Swan Street. 
 
 The coal transactions of the city and port of Buffalo aggregate about 10,000,000 
 tons, of which grand total the above-named corporation handles about one-tenth, or 
 1,000,000 tons, comprising the best grades of anthracite and bituminous fuel, shipping 
 to the West. 
 
 The company has its principal office at Elmira. The branch office here, rooms 1 
 and 3 Chapin block, is in charge of Mr. C. M. Underhill, the western manager, who 
 superintends the business of the company at this point in an able and satisfactory man- 
 ner. The yards at the foot of Genesee street front 300 feet, with a like depth on the 
 Erie basin, and furnish ample facilities for the storage and shipment of coal in cargoes 
 or such quantities as may be desired. It is scarcely necessary to say that all orders re- 
 ceive prompt attention and are filled with dispatch at the lowest ruling quotations. 
 
 President C. J. Langdou is a native of and resides in Elmira. He is a conspicuous 
 figure in business circles, connected with the La France Fire Engine Manufacturing Co. 
 and several other well-known enterprises. Vice-President Slee and Treasurer Crane 
 are also prominent citizens and business men of Elmira. Secretary Shipman also 
 resides in Elmira. Mr. Underhill, manager of the company's western interests, has 
 been actively engaged in the handling of coal for the past twenty years, fifteen of which 
 were passed in Buffalo. He is a native of Wayne county, an upright gentleman and 
 a business man of great executive ability. 
 
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THE INDVBTR1E8 OF BUFFALO. ]95 
 
 BEAL S & BR OWN. 
 
 Successors to Pratt & Co.— Iron, Steel, Nails, Hardware, Bolts, Nuts, Washers 
 —Contractors', Mechanics', Shop and Manufacturers' Supplies, etc.— The 
 Old Stand, Terrace Square. 
 
 No more famous iron and hardware concern ever existed in this country than the 
 old house of Pratt & Co., who for over half a century led the trade of Western New 
 York. On the 30th of March, 1886, the renowned and ancient firm was dissolved, Mr. 
 Pascal P. Pratt, the senior member, who had been identified with the house from its 
 inception, withdrawing entirely from business life save in so far as his presidency of the 
 Manufacturers and Traders Bank, while Mr. Edward P. Beals, the junior member, who 
 had occupied that station for forty years, formed a new partnership with Mr. David E. 
 Brown, who during the preceding twenty-four years filled satisfactorily and successfully 
 the station of business manager, and thus the same day that saw the retirement of Mr. 
 Pratt also witnessed the succession, and installation of the new house of Beals & Brown, 
 the entire stock, buildings, fixtures, good-will and established trade and high reputa- 
 tion of the formerfirmpassingunreservedly into their hands. Referring to this important 
 business change, the News of April 8, said: 
 
 " The brief announcement hitherto made of the dissolution of Pratt & Co., and the 
 formation of a new firm under the name of Beals & Brown to administer its business, 
 has challenged attention very generally throughout the country. The name of Pratt 
 has for half a century been a very bright one in the commercial world, with its sales 
 aggregating as high as the enormous sum of three millions of dollars a year, its cus- 
 tomers scattered over every city and cross-roads in the country, and its reputation 
 extending to every market for iron and hardware in the world. 
 
 " The succession has fallen into good hands. While the retirement of Mr. Pascal 
 P. Pratt will of course be regretted, the advent of the former junior partner, Mr. Edward 
 P. Beals, will give particular satisfaction. As the leading partner his invaluable experi- 
 ence and his ability as a financier will have a telling effect upon the fortunes of the new 
 craft which seeks the popular favor under such auspicious breezes. 
 
 " The junior partner, Mr. David E. Brown, is none other than the urbane and pro- 
 gressive manager who for twenty-four years has made the success of the old house his 
 daily and nightly study. No man in this country controls a \a.TgeT clientele of friends or 
 a wider acquaintance among the members of the hardware trade. He is all vigor and 
 enterprise." 
 
 The new firm have enlarged the business with the addition of all classes of goods 
 required in machine shops and for general metal manufacturing purposes, and established 
 a supply depot patterned something after the large iron and steel supply establishments 
 existing in New York and Boston. 
 
 The premises occupied by Messrs. Beals & Brown are 80 feet front on the Terrace, 
 extend back to the canal, are four stories in height, especially arranged in every depart- 
 ment for the storage, display and sale of all goods pertaining to the hardware and metal 
 trade, and carry the largest, best and most varied stock of these commodities offered by 
 any establishment west of the metropolis. Moderate profits and prompt attention to 
 orders is the motto of the house, which cannot fail to lead it to greater triumphs in tlie 
 future than it ever achieved in the past. Both partners are native BufEalonians. 
 
 JAMES COYLE, 
 
 Wagon-Maker and General Blacksmith— Nos. 150 and 152 Ohio St. 
 
 Mr. Coyle is a thoroughly accomplished mechanic, practically conversant with every 
 detail of his trade, an unexcelled blacksmith and wagon-maker. He came to Buffalo 
 from the north of Ireland more than thirty-six years ago, and has been busy ever since 
 constructing first-class heavy vehicles for the merchants, teamsters, farmers and others of 
 the city and vicinity, all of whom know and hundreds of whom patronize nim. He 
 began on his own account in 1869, and from the Srst has prospered, doing a business of 
 $8,000 to $10,000 per annum. His leading specialty is the building of heavy wagons 
 for transferring freight, hauling lumber, stone, brick, coal, etc., and his success therein 
 is conceded. He also gives considerable attention to the manufacture of iron-box 
 wheel-barrows, warehouse and propeller trucks, heavy drays, etc., for which class of 
 work he has a steady demand, and gives unvarying satisfaction. Mr. Coyle employs a 
 competent force of skilled help, and occupies two two-story buildings — one of brick, 70 
 by 150 feet, the other frame, 70 by 153 feet. 
 
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196 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY D. KELLER, 
 
 Successor to Keller & Boiler— Importer and Jobber of Wines, liiqnors and 
 Cigars, and Wholesale G-rocer— No. 458 WasMngton St. 
 
 The sales of wines and liquors in this mart at 
 are very large in the aggregate, though the num- 
 ber of wholesale houses handling first-class goods 
 is limited. One of the most extensive of these — 
 perhaps, indeed, the heaviest of the kind in Buf- 
 falo—is that of Henry D. Keller, twenty-one years 
 a wine and liquor merchant, No. 473 Main street. 
 Mr. Keller was one of the founders of the concern 
 — Eipont & Keller — who first opened it in 1865. 
 In 1877 the firm of Keller & Boiler was established, 
 and remained so until Mr. Boiler died. In 1886 
 Mr. Keller took sole control. From the first the 
 venture was successful, and has prospered. 
 
 No. 458 Washington street is three stories high, 
 with a great basement extending under the whole. 
 The stock carried is one of the largest in the city, 
 and selected with special reference to the require- 
 ments of this market, embracing all the leading 
 brands of imported and domestic wines, brandies, whiskies, rums, gins, cigars, tobaccos, 
 etc. Some of the wines in stock are very old and fine. Casks of delicious California 
 and Ohio wines lie there tier upon tier, much of it so old and ripe that it would tempt 
 an anchorite, while of the other liquors the stock is always kept up to the mark in 
 quality and quantity. 
 
 A. leading specialty of the house is the renowned " Old Petrie " whisky, a fac-siviUe 
 of the brand of which we print herewith. This whisky is sold strictly upon its merits, 
 and is known to the trade and experienced consumers as a strictly pure whisky of the 
 best quality. It is popular with all who know good liquor wherever introduced. The 
 brand belongs to Mr. Keller, and as he controls this brand the trade will do well to 
 communicate with him. He is proud of this whisky and of its reputation, and will do all 
 that is right and reasonable in filling orders for it. 
 
 BITTE R & KA SSON. 
 
 Sole Manufacturers of tlie " Buffalo " Railroad, Imbricating and Axle Grease 
 and Harness Oil— Works, Foot of Brace St. ; Office, No. 476 Main St. 
 
 Few persons outside of manufacturing, railroad and steam-navigation circles have 
 any adequate idea of the cost of lubricating machinery and rolling stock. For many 
 years constant and measurably successful efforts have been directed to the improve- 
 ment of lubricants and the consequent effecting of a saving in this item of expense, 
 and it cannot be denied that much has been accomplished, the actual cost of oils, wear 
 and tear being now fully twenty-five per cent, less for the same service than it was 
 twenty years ago — a result due to scientific research and a proper understanding of the 
 relative value of various greases singly and in combination. 
 
 Of the more successful and popular lubricants, resulting of late years from intelli- 
 gent experiment, few if any have given such general satisfaction to consumers as the 
 famous " Buffalo " railroad grease, lubricating grease, axle grease and harness oil, 
 manufactured by Bitter & Kasson of this city — greases that are unaffected by high or 
 low temperatures and that combine perfect lubricating properties with the maximum of 
 service and the minimum of waste. They have already been introduced very exten- 
 sively among the railroads, machine-shops, ocean, lake and river steamers, manufactur- 
 ers of leather and leather goods, etc. , of this country, in all cases have given entire 
 satisfaction, are growing in favor at a most gratifying rate, and it is the intention of 
 the manufacturers to push them in all^the markets of the world. 
 
 Messrs. Bitter & Kasson are well-known and popular citizens. The former was 
 previously for some years a member of the firm of Kast & Co., now the Kast Copper 
 and Sheet Iron Company. Mr. Kasson has been engaged in practical experimentation 
 with lubricants for the past six or seven years, and is an energetic and capable gentle- 
 man. All of the firm's goods bear the buffalo bull's head as a trade-mark. 
 
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TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 197 
 
 NIAGARA STOC K FARM, 
 
 Bronson C. Rumsey, Proprietor— Wm. H. Gibson, Manager— Delaware Ave., 
 
 Adjoining the Park. 
 
 In few things has this country- 
 made greater progress during the 
 past quarter century than in the im- 
 provement of its live stock. While it 
 is true that the best strains of our 
 domestic animals of all kinds were 
 imported, it is equally true that the 
 care lavished upon them lias still fur- 
 ther developed their good qualities, 
 which are handed down from genera- 
 tion to generation in a constantly 
 increasing degree, until it is a question 
 if even the most advanced breeders of 
 Europe can boast of better if as good 
 strains as are exhibited by leading 
 American fanciers, more particularly 
 of neat cattle for market and dairy 
 purposes. New Tork, by reason of 
 her advantageous geographical and cli- 
 matic position — and more especially 
 Western New York — is contributing 
 immensely toward this object, and it is 
 only right that in a volume of this kind, 
 dealing with the material resources of 
 the city of Buffalo and vicinity, some 
 mention should be made of this valu- 
 able interest — one of the most con- 
 spicuous, independent of manufac- 
 tures, that has come under our notice. 
 The largest, most prosperous and 
 moat famous shorthorn stock farm in 
 this part of the country is the cele- 
 brated " Niagara," located at the head 
 of Delaware avenue, adjoining the 
 park, and about three miles distant 
 from the City and County Hall, easy 
 of access by street cars, stages and private conveyance. This farm is the property of 
 Mr. Bronson C. Rumsey, and was established six or seven years ago for the purpose of 
 supplying breeders with fine blooded short-horn bulls and heifers. The grounds 
 include about 900 acres, are eligibly and beautifully situated, afford ample pasturage, 
 running water and shelter, accommodate about 100 head of choice bulls and cows, and 
 are under the personal supervision and management of Mr. Wm. H. Gibson, one of the 
 most experienced and capable stock men in this country, a native of Leicestershire, 
 England, born in 1845 of a family famous for its connection with the same industry, 
 and reared to it himself from childhood. He came to America in 1869, in charge of a 
 shipment of shorthorns imported by Wolcott & Campbell, of the New York Mills, 
 Utica. He remained with the firm named for several years, resigning charge of their 
 herd not long previous to their great sale of September, 1873 — the most noted event of 
 the kind that ever occurred in this country, when 108 head of cattle were dipposed of 
 under the hammer, realizing $380,490, or an average of $3,523 per head. In 1880, when 
 Mr. Rumsey became practically interested in the breeding of fine cattle, Mr. Gibson's 
 services were secured, and from that time to the present he ha? devoted highest energies 
 and thorough practical knowledge of the business to the improvement of the herd 
 committed to his care, and whatever honors have been achieved by this renowned herd 
 (now said to be the finest of the kind on the North American continent) is due, blood 
 aside, to Mr. Gibson's intelligent and conscientious labors. The exercise grounds, 
 stables, residence of manager, outbuildings, etc., all on the most liberal and complete 
 scale, occupy about ten acres ; from ten to thirty men are employed as the season may 
 require, and the annual sales reach a very large aggregate, varying from year to year, 
 but constantly increasing, mostly of bfllla to WestMn breeders, who frequently come 
 
198 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 from the far-away Pacific slope, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and elsewhere, 
 in order to secure choice epecimens from this superb herd. 
 
 Of the magnificent animals now in stable and ready to begin the season of 1887 we 
 make mention of the following because of their fine promise or established reputation, 
 viz. : Bulls — Imported Grand Duke of Connaught, 56303 ; imported Knight of Oxford 
 Second, 39549 (43440) ; Duke of Niagara, 69368 ; Third Baron Oxford of Niagara. 
 Cows — Duchess of Niagara; Second Duchess of Niagara; Duchess of Leicester, imported ; 
 Thorndale Rose 19, imported ; Wisdom Second, imported. 
 
 A specialty is made of breeding the celebrated Bates pure-blooded short-horns. 
 Pedigrees are guaranteed. Complete catalogue and descriptive list mailed free to 
 applicants. 
 
 GEO. N. PIERCE &. CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Japanned and Brass Bird Cages, Refi-igerators and Ice 
 Chests— Nos. 6 to 18 Hanover St., Buffalo ; New York Oflace and Salesroom, 
 No. 195 Water Street. 
 
 Few of those unacquainted with the 
 trade have any idea of the extent of the 
 bird cage industry, which doubtless foots 
 up several millions of dollars annually in 
 this country alone. Buffalo contributes 
 largely to its volume, her leading house 
 in this line, Geo. N. Pierce & Co., making 
 no less than one hundred and sixty-five 
 distinct patterns of these goods in ja» 
 panned and brass wire, many of them 
 real works of art, and all beautiful and 
 well-made. These goods have made for 
 themselves a first-class reputation, and 
 are in demand all over the country 
 because of the superior material and 
 workmanship employed, and the good 
 taste and originality displayed, embrac- 
 ing 165 styles. 
 
 Messrs. Geo. N. Pierce & Co. are also 
 extensive manufacturers of superior re- 
 frigerators, of which they produce twenty 
 styles and forty-eight sizes, covering the 
 entire range of these indispensable ad- 
 juncts to comfortable and economical 
 house and hotel-keeping. The " Empire " 
 refrigerator is the best low-priced re 
 f rigerator in the market, charcoal filled, 
 oak grained, overlapping,doors, and por- 
 celain casters — a favorite with house- 
 keepers of small family. Other styles 
 are the single, double and four-door 
 ' ' Polar," hardwood and water-cooler 
 "Polar,'" all charcoal-filled, zinc-lined, 
 with galvanized shelves, porcelain 
 casters patent locks, best finish, best 
 goods, with porcelain water-coolers 
 where required, and in all respects A 1 ; the " King " made of clear oak lumber and 
 elegant trimmed; the "Pearl;" the "Favorite" dry air refrigerator and ice-chest 
 combined; the "Champion" sideboard refrigerator the "Economy" and other side- 
 board refrigerators — splendid goods; the "Triumph" and "Superb" refrigerators, and 
 several patterns of improved domestic and grocers' ice-chests. We have not space here 
 to set forth the many attractions and superior points of these several devices, but the 
 trade will be supplied with catalogues on application. 
 
 Tbe firm of Geo. N. Pierce & Co., in 1878, succeeded Messrs. Geselgen fiVoght, who 
 founded the business in 1864. Besides a fine complement of the best and latest- improved 
 
 mechaiucs, turning out $135,000 worth of 
 
 machinery the firm employ about 
 
 iout.150 
 
 'igitizer 
 
 cfBy Microso 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 199 
 
 goods per annum, wliicli are sold all over the Union and in foreign lands. Five travelers 
 are constantly on the road, and their orders keep the worlcs in full operation from year's 
 end to year's end, the output averaging 100,000 bird cages and 7,000 refrigerators and 
 ice-chests. 
 
 Mr. Pierce is a Pennsylvanian who lias resided in Buffalo for twenty-five years, 
 twenty of which were devoted to his present line of business. He is a member of tlie 
 Board of Trade in high standing. His late partner, Mr. N. S. Miller, died at Paris, 
 France, July 15th, 1886. He was a capable, honest man, whose loss is deplored by the 
 community. 
 
 JACOB VIERGIVER, 
 
 "Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Paints, Oils, Varnishes, ^English, French, 
 German and Pittsburg Window and Plate Glass, Wax, Artists' Materials, 
 etc.— No. 9 Swan St., between Main and Washington. 
 
 The career of the above-named gentleman furnishes another striking Illustration of 
 what may be accomplished in this free country by persevering industry combined with 
 intelligence and enterprise in a given direction. Mr. Viergiver was born in Holland, 
 landing in the United States a little over forty years ago with little more than his 
 ready and willing hands, his entire capital consisting of a single five-franc piece. 
 Coming to Buffalo eleven years later, he began in earnest the battle of life. In 1863 he 
 joined his fellow-countryman, Mr. John C. Post, in the paint, oil and glass business, 
 the firm being Post & Co., changed in 1865 to Post & Viergiver. Mr. Post withdrew in 
 1871, BUice which time the concern has been conducted by Mr. Viergiver alone, occu- 
 pying the handsome three-story store No. 9 East Swan street, 20 feet front by 80 feet 
 deep, with commodious basement, and conveniently fitted up in every department for the 
 transaction of a large and flourishing business, averaging of late years about $65,000 
 per annum. 
 
 Mr. Viergiver carries at all times complete lines of all goods pertaining to his trade, 
 embracing superior grades of white lead, colors dry and in oil, fine imported and 
 American varnishes, linseed oils, raw and boiled, artists' materials, wax, imported and 
 American plate and window glass, glass globes, etc. He has the general agency for 
 the celebrated Pittsburg Plate Glass Co., and is prepared to fill orders promptly and at 
 factory prices. 
 
 Mr. Viergiver deservedly enjoys the confidence and a liberal share of the patronage 
 of the painters, contractors and retail dealers of Buffalo and the country round about, 
 and is popular with all who known him by reason of his well-known integrity, liberality 
 and courteous manners. 
 
 THE MERCANTILE ASSOCIATION OF THE 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 p. M. DeCeu, Manager ; Andrews & Hill, Attorneys— No. 30 East Eagle St. 
 
 Every branch of mercantile and professional business is victimized to a greater or 
 less extent by persons who contract accounts and then, either willfully or through 
 neglect, fail to settle. The losses thus occasioned aggregate many millions of dollars 
 annually in this country, and it is for the benefit of the sufferers thereby that the Mer- 
 cantile Association of the United States was organized during the past year, with head- 
 quarters at No. 30 East Eagle street, Buffalo ; F. M. DeCeu, manager. The association, 
 in brief is a union of retail merchants, physicians, attorneys, dentists and others for 
 mutual protection against non- paying debtors, and for the speedy collection of over-due 
 accounts The association maintains corresponding and collecting agents at all impor- 
 tant points throughout the United States and Canada, and all business is transacted 
 ouietly promptly and in the best shape. The demand for such an association, properly 
 conducted has long been recognized, but, so far as we are informed, the plan adopted here 
 is the only one that has proved equal to the wants of a much-swindled and long-suffering 
 community hitherto regarded as legitimate prey by the legions of dead-beats distributed 
 all over this continent. Up to this time the Mercantile Association has proved unex- 
 pectedly successful, is now in a flourishing condition, and its prospects for future 
 usefulness and profit are extremely flattering. Full explanations and particulars are 
 mailed on application to the manager. 
 
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200 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 SCHNEIDER & BETZ, 
 
 Manufacturing Jewelers— Seal, Chased and Plain Rings, Badges and Em- 
 blems a Specialty— Nos. 114 and 116 Clinton St. 
 
 The steady growth of manufacturing interests of all kinds in 
 this city is a feature of itself which calls for more than pass- 
 ing mention. Among the lines that are well represented none 
 are more conspicuous than the jewelry business. Among the 
 firms that have in a remarkably short space of time taken a 
 prominent position is that of Messrs. Schneider & Betz, Nos. 
 114 and 116 Clinton street. This firm, composed of Henry G. 
 Schneider and John C. Betz, was organized in January, 1886, and 
 began business under the most favorable circumstances. Both 
 members previously had an experience of seventeen years as 
 practical jewelers. They began manufacturing with every needed 
 facility, their specialty being seal, chased and plain rings, chains, 
 charms, and all kinds of jewelry, made to order on short notice 
 and at very reasonable prices. Being possessed of artistic talent 
 in designing, the manufacture of badges for parades, conven- 
 tions, etc., society emblems and similar work, soon became an 
 important feature of the business. Gold and silver-plating and 
 engraving is done on short notice and in the highest style of the art. The extent of 
 the business can be inferred from the fact that during the first year of the firm's ex- 
 istence it amounted to $10,000, and extends all over Western New York and Pennsyl- 
 vania. The results have exceeded the firm's expectations, and it is safe to presume 
 that during the ensuing year the business will be doubled. Mr. Schneider is a native 
 of Germany, and has resided in this city since 1856. Mr. Betz is a thoroughgoing 
 Bufialonian by birth and education, and both gentlemen combine in a high degree all 
 the essential qualities that go to make successful business men. 
 
 FRANK C. CHAMBERS, 
 
 Successor to Bartholomevf & Chambers — Draper and Tailor — No. 385 
 "Washington St., bet. Eagle and Clinton. 
 
 The first thought of the well-to-do gentleman of good taste, when he decides upon a 
 new suit, is, " To whom shall I give my order?" — a question, usually, much easier to 
 propound than to answer, for there are tailors and tailors, as there are lawyers and 
 lawyers. Some of these alleged gentleman's costumers are mere mechanical automatons ; 
 another class are true artists and make of every suit they undertake a poem in cloth, an 
 epic in textiles, " a thing of beauty and a joy forever." And of these latter Mr. Prank 
 C. Chambers, No. 385 Washington street, is a shining example, famous for cultivated 
 taste, the true artistic instinct, and a finished sense of the eternal fitness of things. Mr. 
 Chambers has devoted his life to an exhaustive study of his art, which he has never 
 regarded as a mere trade, with the result of achieving a reputation co-extensive with 
 the Union for correct taste, remarkable skill as a cutter, and a perfect mastery of details. 
 Mr. C. is a graduate of one of New York's most celebrated fashionable tailoring estab- 
 lishments, and has had great experience in leading Eastern and Western houses in the 
 same line. In his own special field — the cutting of fine garments — it is doubtful if he 
 has an equal in Buffalo or a superior anywhere. Importing the best and rarest weaves 
 of French and English looms, giving conscientious attention to style and fit, and personal 
 supervision to every stage of the work from measurement to finish, employing the 
 highest skill in every department, making reasonable prices and demanding spot cash, 
 while guaranteeing fit and quality, we have not far to seek for the secret of his success, 
 and it will be found that the most elegantly attired gentlemen of Buffalo, Dunkirk, 
 Titusville, and other neighboring and some distant cities are his regular patrons. 
 
 The firm of Bartholomew & Chambers, formerly of Dunkirk, removed to this city in 
 1885, locating at No. 14 East Eagle street. During the past year Mr. Bartholomew 
 retired, and Mr. Chambers succeeded to the business on his individual account, removing 
 to his present location on the 1st of February last. That he will continue to prosper there 
 can be no question, for true merit always meets with reward proportioned to its deserts. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIEa OF BUFFALO. 201 
 
 THE HOWARD STOCK FARMS. 
 
 City Farm (Trottiug Stock), Tiftt St., Thirteenth Ward ; Meadow Farm 
 (Jersey Cattle), near Big Tree Station, Buffalo & Southwestern Railroad. 
 
 Erie county is fast becoming, as a well-posted writer on live stock and sporting 
 topics has aptly expressed it, "the Bluegrass Mecca of the North." Probably in no 
 section of the country, Central Kentucky alone excepted, are to be found so many, so 
 extensive, so well-conducted or so valuable and profitable farms devoted to the breeding 
 and rearing of aristocratic equine and bovine stock as in Erie and Niagara counties — 
 the former more especially. We have had occasion to refer to this important interest 
 in another portion of this work, and in this place desire to make special reference to the 
 two splendid farms of Gen. R. L. Howard — one located in the Thirteenth ward within 
 the city limits, known as the Howard stock farm, the other within a mile of Big Tree 
 station, B. & S. W. railroad, and called the Meadow farm, both of which we have 
 personally visited and inspected. 
 
 The Howard stock farm (known also as the City farm) consists of 178 acres of 
 superior grazing and gardening lands, all under substantial fence and handsomely 
 improved — with manager's residence, large barns, stables, exercise track and grounds, 
 pastures, running water, and every requisite essential and convenience. The display 
 of blooded animals embraces about sixty-five horses and mares of renowned trotting 
 pedigree, comprising the get of several of the most celebrated trotting stallions known 
 to the American turf. At the head of this distinguished array stands the noted horse 
 Wilkie Collins, bred by Capt. B. J. Treacy of Lexington, Ky. Wilkie Collins is a son 
 of the great George Wilkes, the most celebrated son of Kysdyk's Hambletonian. On 
 the dam's side Wilkie Collins is descended from Pilot, Jr., and seven thoroughbred 
 crosses. As becomes his superb descent, he is a noble animal both in appearance and 
 action. He is eleven years old, ]5J^ hands, a rich black with star and white heels 
 behind, has a sensible head, fine neck, heavy middle piece, strong arms, muscular quar- 
 ters, good bone, sound feet and pure trotting action; does not require boots or toe- 
 weights, and, no doubt, in proper condition and handling, can beat 2:20. His colts 
 possess good tempers, splendid action, are very stylish, fine size, and have plenty 
 of bone and muscle. Several of Wilkie's get have shown better than three minutes 
 at three years of age. 
 
 In the selection of his brood mares Gen. Howard has been guided by the established 
 truism, '■ Blood will tell," and has availed himself of none but the best trotting strains. 
 They were sired by such horses of national reputation as Ericsson, Allie West, Admin- 
 istrator, Howard's Mambrino by Mambrino Chief, Case's Norman, Field's Royal George, 
 Aberdeen by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, Messenger Duroc, Wood's Hambletonian, Balsora 
 by Alexander's Abdallah, Rochester by Aberdeen, Almont, Jr., by Almont, Stephen A. 
 Douglas and others. The list includes Alice Grey, gray, 11 years old, sired by Allie 
 West, bred by T. L. Coons, Fayette county, Ky., record 2.25; Aberdale, 9 years old, sired 
 by Aberdeen by Rysdyk's Hambletonian ; Almontress, bay, 9 years old, by Hamlin's 
 Almont, Jr., bred by R. L. Howard, record 3.26 ; Annie Stephens, chestnut, 8 years old, 
 by Administrator by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, bred by Capt. B. J. Treacy, Lexington, 
 Ky. ; Belle Messenger, bay, 11 years old, by Messenger Duroc by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, 
 bred by R. L. Howard ; Fanny, chestnut, 9 years old, by King George by Field's Royal 
 George; Glpsey, bay, 7 years old, by John Gilpin by Strader's C. M. Clay, bred by R. L. 
 Howard ; Josie Eaton, bay, 22 years old, by Ericsson by Mambrino Chief; Josephine, 14 
 years old, by Wood's Hambletonian, bred by F. H. Arnold, Port Allegany, Pa. ; Laura 
 Bassett, chestnut, by Balsora by Alexander's Abdallah, 15 years old, bred by S. Patter- 
 son, Jessamine county, Ky. ; Lizzie Bassett, chestnut, 7 years old, by Rochester by 
 Aberdeen, bred by R. L. Howard; MoUie Grey, gray, 15 years old, by Brayman's Toung 
 Norman by Case's Norman by Nottingham's Norman, bred by H. M. Starr, Medina, 
 N. Y. ; Maggie Patchen, bay, foaled 1879, by Pluto by Mambrino Patchen, bred by R. 
 L. Howard; the Rebel Mare 2d, foaled 1869, by Howard's Mambrino by Mambrino Chief, 
 bred by K. L. Howard, dam a rebel cavalry mare with a romantic, history ; Reindeer II., 
 chestnut, foaled 1874, by Howard's Mambrino by Mambrino Chief, bred by R. L. Howard ; 
 Nellie Gilpin, bay, foaled 1882, by John Gilpin by Strader's C. M. Clay ; Gipsey Girl, bay, 
 foaled 1877, by Stephen A. Douglas by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, bred by Capt. W 
 Robinson, Chautauqua county. Sister to Nellie R., 2:22"^. 
 
 These brood mares are all perfectly sound, and possess speed, size, action and finish. 
 Their produce by Wilkie Collins have been pronounced, by disinterested parties, equal 
 to the get of any other stallion in.the .United .States. „ Over seventy-five per cent, of the 
 
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203 THE mnUSTRlES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 colta and fillieB possess a striking resemblance of their sire in uniformity of color, style, 
 speed and symmetry of form. Tlie majority are rich blacks, bays or browns in color. 
 
 The following is a partial list of stallion colts sired by Wilkie Collins and 
 bred by Gen. Howard: Almont Wilkes, bay, foaled May, 1888; Almo Wilkes, bay, 
 foaled April 30th, 1885 ; Grey Wilkes, 4434, steel-gray, foaled April 19th, 1885; Medina 
 Wilkes, brown, foaled May 39th, 1885 ; Royal Wilkes, 4436, bay, foaled 1884; Superb 
 Wilkes, 4433, brown, foaledOctober 9th, 1885; BuflFalo Wilkes, black, foaled August 23d, 
 1884, was bred by ex-Alderman Twitchell ; and Charlie Wilkes, gray, foaled 1885, was 
 bred by Charles Newton, Hamburg, N. Y. 
 
 Gen. Howard has Wilkie Collins fillies of his own breeding as follows: Bella Wilkes, 
 bay, foaled October 22d, 1885; Bertha Wilkes, bay, foaled May, 1883 ; Cornelia Wilkes, 
 black, foaled 1883; Daisy Wilkes, chestnut, • foaled July 10th, 1885; Georgia Wilkes, 
 chestnut, foaled May, 1883; Josie Wilkes, black, foaled 1884; Kate Wilkes, bay, foaled 
 March 27th, 1885 ; Louise Wilkes, bay, foaled 1883 ; Maud Wilkes, chestnut, foaled 
 June, 1883; Nellie Wilkes, brown, foaled 1883 ; Norma Wilkes, bay, foaled 1883. All 
 of the animals named in tbis article, with very few exceptions, are standard bred and 
 registered. Winona Stanton, chestnut, foaled 1883, by General Stanton, bred by Geo. A. 
 Chambers, Winona, Ont., also makes her home here. 
 
 Gen. Howard's line of geldings comprises numerous splendid animals; among them 
 AUie Wilkes, black, foaled May, 1883; Golden Wilkes, chestnut, foaled 1881, and Willie 
 Wilkes, bay, foaled May, 1883, all of his own breeding from choice mares by Wilkie 
 Collins ; Charlie Newton, bay, foaled October 80th, 1881, by S. J. Tilden, bred by Chas. 
 Newton, Hamburg; Henry, bay, foaled 1880, by Rochester by Aberdeen, bred by Gen. 
 Howard ; Moonlight, gray, foaled April 12th, 1880, by Hero of Thorndale, bred by Chas. 
 Alexander, Woodford county, Ky. 
 
 Of elegant and high-bred roadsters we note : Annie Wilkes, bay, by Wilkie Collins, 
 foaled May22d, 1881, bred by Gen. Howard; Highland Maid, chestnut, foaled 1879, 
 15% hands, by Kerr's Highland Boy, bred in Canada ; Miss Stanton, chestnut, 15%. 
 hands, foaled 1879, by General Stanton; Neppy, bay mare, foaled June 28th, 1880, by 
 W. M. Rysdyk by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, bred by Henry Peterson, Seneca county, 
 N. Y. ; Nellie E., record 3:33J^, by Stephen A. Douglas out of a well-bred mare owned 
 by Capt. Robinson, Fredonia, N. Y. — bought last year by Gen. Howard. 
 
 Mr. Howard Conkling, superintendent of this leading stock farm, is about 37 years 
 of age. He has spent his entire life from childhood in the breeding and training of 
 horses, and has no superior in his specialty. He took charge of Gen. Howard's horse 
 interests in 1879, and has proved a most capable, faithful and successful manager, who 
 thoroughly understands his calling in all its ramifications. 
 
 The farm itself has been established some twenty years, and is noted for the number 
 and value of the fine harness animals it has produced and contributed to the turf and to 
 the stables of admirers of fine horseflesh. 
 
 A large number of blooded colts of Wilkie Collins' get are offered for sale. Their 
 dams were by such celebrated sires as Messenger Duroc, Allie West, Aberdeen, Wood's 
 Hambletonian, Administrator, Almont, Jr., Ericsson, all standard, and other well-bred 
 mares. The two-year-olds and over are well broken to single and double harness. 
 
 MEADOW FARM. 
 
 This is one of the most delightful rural establishments in Western New York, com- 
 prising 350 acres of fertile and highly improved land, 270 acres of which are devoted to 
 crops and fruits, and 80 acres to the breeding and pasturing of Jersey cattle and the 
 prosecution of dairy operations. The General owns a beautiful and conveniently 
 arranged mansion here, where with his family he resides during the heats of summer, 
 living upon the fat of the land, inhaling the pure breeze cooled by its passage across the 
 limpid waters of Lake Erie, and storing up health and vigor sufficient to fortify against 
 the influences of city life from year to year. A cordial welcome is here extended to all 
 visitors, and a generous hospitality dispensed that carries one back in memory to the 
 happy days spent with the big-hearted farmers of Kentucky's garden-spot, the Bluegrass 
 region. On the occasion of our visit we were received and entertained in Gen. Howard's 
 absence by his efficient and intelligent lieutenant and superintendent, Mr. Oliver Knapp, 
 a native of this county, whose almost forty years of life have been spent upon the best 
 farms in this portion of the State, who for the past three years has had charge of 
 Meadow Farm, and who has a thorough practical knowledge of the requirements of his 
 position, together with unusual executive capacity, an innate love of his occupation, and 
 a conscientious desire to perform well and to the satisfaction of his employer every duty 
 devolving upon him. ProvigJjA/JJzQ^^X^ ll/fj %:;S]^^ii^ig)he needs and half-a-dozen mag- 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OE BUFFALO. 203 
 
 nificent farm liorses, together with, all the tools, machinery, vehicles, etc., required for 
 the successful working of the farm, Mr. Knapp is noted for the yield and quality of 
 his crops, the care lavished upon his stock, fences and outbuildings, and the superiority 
 and quantity of the milk and butter produced from the splendid herd of pure-bred 
 Jerseys under the care of W. A. Field, as well as the attractive appearance and fine 
 condition of the cattle and their progeny. The sales of butter alone for 1886 reached 
 3,000 pounds, bringing the highest prices paid. 
 
 Gen. Howard's herd of Jerseys numbers at present forty-six head of bulls, cows and 
 yearlings, which will be considerably augmented by natural increase during the 
 approaching season. The value of this herd in money it would be difficult to estimate. 
 The herd, as before stated, is of the purest strain without a drop of plebeian blood in its 
 veins, and it is rather Gen. Howard's object to afford the dairy interest the means of 
 improving their stock by the judicious introduction of fine blood than to realize large 
 and sudden gains by extensive sales. The General is justly proud of his herd, and of 
 the success that has hitherto attended his efforts to benefit the class referred to, and will 
 continue to assist them in their praiseworthy war against shams, and for the education 
 of the masses to a proper appreciation of rich milk and genuine butter. 
 
 Of this herd — of which every member is a royal prince or princess in his or her own 
 right — the following with their pedigrees are registered in the American Herd Book, viz. : 
 
 Worthy Beauty 2d, 16635 ; sire, Bristol Brown, 6681, descended through a noble line 
 from imported Prince of Jersey, 66, imported Jersey Queen, 1410, imported Splendid, 
 16, and imported Jessie, 28 ; dam, Worthy Beauty, 16632, out of Locust Blossom 2d by 
 Winfield, 5005. She is a solid light fawn in color, with full black points, and has a 
 pedigree and individual record equal to the best. 
 
 Duke's Lassie, 16890, dropped April, 1882 ; sire, Duke of Ghent 2d ; dam. Midget, 
 14254 ; solid fawn, full black points. Pedigree in part identical with that of Jersey 
 Belle of Scituate, 
 
 Emma Mc 5th, 13960, dropped October 18th, 1881 ; sire, Gilderoy 2d, 4037 ; dam, 
 Emma Mc, 4649; solid fawn, black points, a premium heifer. 
 
 Cuddie, 17267; sire. Pride of the Island, 5416, imported October 6th, 1880; dam,. 
 Lady Warnock, 11909, imported October 6th, 1880. Pride of tlie Island was sired by 
 Le Broeq's Prize. Cuddie is a solid fawn, black points. 
 
 Bright Lady 3d, 16451; solid fawn, full black points ; dropped January 17th, 1882 ; 
 aire. Prince of M. 2d, 5507 ; dam, Bright Lady, 5938. Bright Lady is one-fourth Albert, 
 44 , and a very fine cow. 
 
 Bristol Bella, 15697; solid fawn, full black points; dropped February 13th, 1881; 
 sire, Pompus. 2881 ; dam, Dolly P., 10129. 
 
 Cuddle's Prince, 11795, by Alphea Prince, 6337, by Mercury, 432. This bull took first 
 premium at Erie county fair last fall over all on exhibition, and is considered one of 
 the most valuable animals of his kind in the State. 
 
 Calves, both male and female, for sale. Pure Jersey cows and calves for sale at 
 reasonable prices; also standard bred Wilkes colts and road horses at less than Kentucky 
 prices. Address R. L. Howard, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 CHARLES P. RUPPERSBERG, 
 
 Manufacturer of Fancy Furs— Showr Room, No. 383 Main St., over Hamilton 
 & McCracken's — Seal Work a Specialty— Sacques Redyed, Refitted and 
 Repaired. 
 
 In a climate like this furs are a prime necessary of life, without which comfort is 
 simply unattainable by those who venture out doors in winter ; particularly ladies, 
 who, accustomed to warm rooms and protection from even the rough winds of spring 
 and autumn, are illy calculated to brave the fierce blasts of winter. Of the two practical 
 furriers engaged in manufacturing in this city, one, Mr. Charles F. Ruppersberg, has an 
 elegant show and salesroom at No". 383 Main street, second floor, McArthur building, 
 where buyers will find in the season the largest, finest and most valuable stock of these 
 goods in the State, outside of New York, fancy furs being Mr. Ruppersberg's specialty. 
 Ladies and others interested are cordially invited and will be warmly welcomed. Mr. 
 R. employs thirteen carefully trained and very skillful operatives, and is prepared to 
 manufacture to order any description of seal cloaks, sacques, fancy furs, etc., in the 
 neatest, best and most stylish manner and at short notice. Such are his facilities that 
 he will engage to make to order fine seal sacques for $75 less than any other Buffalo 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
204 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 house, fit, workmanship, style and material guaranteed. As a natural consequence of 
 his skill and liberality He is building up a large business, though establishedonly since 
 the season of 1885. 
 
 Some of the finest work of this kind that has ever come under our observation we 
 saw in his elegant rooms. Besides a superb line of seal furs we noticed a number of 
 fur mats of most elaborate workmanship — one in particular, composed of over 9,000 
 distinct pieces, beautiful to look at and luxurious to the touch. 
 
 Mr. Huppersberg came to BufiFalo from New York some sixteen years ago, and for 
 fifteen years was manager or Bergtold's establishment. He is quite popular. 
 
 H. M. BACKUS OIL COMPANY, 
 
 Manufacturers of the Celebrated Backus Shafting and Journal Grease and 
 Machinery Oils— Office and Factory, Nos. Sa, 54 and 56 Norton St., 
 Corner Erie. 
 
 A good lubricant — one that does its work well and economically — is of the utmost 
 importance to all who own or have the care of machinery, and has been the object of 
 long and patient search, because it has long been known that unlimited sale awaited the 
 discovery of a grease that would render entire satisfaction, both in effectiveness and 
 price. The H. M. Backus Oil Company, of this city, has achieved wonderful success in 
 this direction, its Backus shafting grease and cylinder oils and machinery oils having 
 come into general use upon their merits, and their popularity at home and abroad in- 
 creasing from year to year. A perfect knowledge of the requirements of the trade, 
 great skill and ample resources have enabled this company to push its experiments and 
 researches to a greater extent than most of its rivals, with the result named. From a 
 vast accumulation of flattering testimonials in the possession of the company we select 
 the following from Hardwicke & Ware, proprietors of the famous Buffalo tube works : 
 
 Buffalo, December 23, 1886. — H. M. Backus Oil Co. : Gentlemen — It is now over 
 eight months since we adopted the Backus journal grease for lubricating our shafting, 
 and our superintendent, who was opposed to it at first, is so well pleased with it now 
 that it would be hard to get him to go back to using oil, even if we got it for nothing, 
 because the journals are always cool and there is no danger of fire by heating, and no 
 dripping and wasting on the floor, as when we used oil. Yours truly, Hardwicke h 
 Ware. 
 
 The folowing are some of those in Buffalo who use their shafting grease : George 
 W. Tifft Sons & Co., iron works; Hardwicke & Ware, tube woiks; John C. Jewett 
 Manufacturing Co., refrigerator manufacturers; Pitts Agricultural Works; Farrar & 
 Trefts, iron works; Geoi'ge H. Duuston, lithographer; Heinz & Munschauer, bird cage 
 manufacturers; George Pooley & Son, rope walk; Dempster Engine works, engine 
 works; Niagara Elevator, elevator; Fountain Elevator, elevator; Swiftsure Elevator, 
 elevator ; Anchor Line Steamers, steam propellers. 
 
 The company's building, three stories in height, occupies the triangle between 
 Norton, Erie and Ptacock streets,^and is quite extensive, equipped in the best manner, 
 employs a large force of operatives, and turns out immense quantities of the goods 
 named, which are shipped to all parts of the United States and Canada. A leading 
 specialty is axle grease — a favorite grade with all who have tried it. 
 
 This industry was established in 1879 by Mr. H. M. Backus, who, for some years 
 previously, had been engaged in the oil trade at Cleveland, Ohio. That he has made a 
 grand and growing success of his Buffalo venture there is no room for question. 
 
 J. G. BALSAM, 
 
 Architect and Civil Engineer— Office, No. 511 Main St. 
 
 Mr. Balsam, who was born in Germany, is a graduate of the technical school of 
 Liegnitz, as also of the polytechnic high schools of Dresden and Berlin. Having thus 
 become thoroughly proficient in the theoretical knowledge of his chosen profession, he 
 next turned his attention to more realistic labor by entering the service of the govern- 
 ment of his native country, which position he held for a period of three years. 
 
 Considering the New World as affording a favorable field for more extended opera- 
 tions, we next find him in America, connected with the N. P. R. R. Co. for two and 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE mDUSTBlES OF BUFFALO. 205 
 
 one-half years, and afterwards witli tlie Union Bridge Co. of Buffalo for a term of two 
 years. Tliis considerable and somewhat varied experience, combined with remarkable 
 vigor and energy of character, have served to place Mr. Balsam in a prominent position 
 amidst his local compeers. In 1883 he established himself in business on his own 
 account, and since that time, owing to his peculiar adaptability to varying and difficult 
 circumstances, has deservedly received the liberal patronage of an appreciative pub- 
 lic. The subject of this article is the type of a class who are ever welcome to the shores 
 of America, inasmuch as the representatives of skilled labor, whether of the hand or 
 the head, prove alike a credit and a benefit to their adopted country. Mr. B. has also 
 evinced a laudable public spirit by identifying himself with philanthropic enterprises 
 outside of his own vocation. He is at present engaged in contributing his share toward 
 the task of resuscitating the Mechanics' Institute, and let us hope that through the 
 united efforts of other earnest men and himself that worthy institution may rise 
 Phoenix-like from its ashes, possessed of greater vitality and more perfect than before. 
 
 MRS. D R. L. B ROAD. 
 
 Druggist— Corner Krie and Pearl Sts. — Proprietress Broad's Instant Pain 
 Cure and Patent Fumigating Disinfectant. 
 
 The prominence attained by Mrs. Dr. L. Broad in Buffalo during the past twenty 
 years is such as to warrant some mention in these pages. This lady has occupied a 
 special sphere in the successful care and treatment of the sick and afflicted. Having been 
 specially qualified in all that goes to constitute the successful nurse, Mrs. Broad de- 
 voted her energies to the study of medicine and the successful treatment of the 
 afflicted. As a result of along and valuable experience in different hospitals and other 
 public institutions, and a thorough knowledge of the drug business, this lady during 
 her residence in BufEalo has prepared and put within the reach of the public valuable 
 and well-known remedies. Broad's Patent Fumigating Disinfectant was thoroughly 
 tested in St. Louis during the cholera epidemic of 1866 and found to be the best in use. 
 In cases of diphtheria and scarlet fever it is invaluable, preventing contagion and 
 materially aiding the patient to recovery. It has been indorsed by the boards of health 
 of Buffalo, Chicago, New York and other cities ; by the International Cholera Confer- 
 ence, and by leading physicians and chemists throughout the country. 
 
 Broad's Instant Pain Cure entirely eradicates rheumatism, neuralgia, sprains, bruises, 
 pains in the limbs, stiffness of the joints, swellings, freezes, chilblains, burns, ague in 
 the breast or face, toothache, canker, nursing sore mouth, putrid or inflammatory sore 
 throat, pleurisy, lameness of the back, kidney complaint or cramp, colic, dysentery, in- 
 flammation of the lungs, etc. 
 
 Mrs. Dr. Broad is a regular practitioner in medicine, and has confined her practice 
 to the treatment of the diseases of women and children, and witli great success. She 
 also conducts an elegantly fitted up drugstore at the corner of Erie and Pearl streets, 
 and has enjoyed an unparalleled degree of prosperity. The demand for her prepara- 
 tions comes from all parts of the country. The following, from a number of testimonials, 
 substantiate the claims set forth for the fumigating disinfectant, are selected : 
 
 North Buffalo, May 38, 1869. — With a knowledge of the ingredients of Broad's 
 Fumigating Disinfectant, and the result of its use in the rooms of patients afflicted 
 with malignant, sloughing, scirrhus diseases at the Erie county alms-house, I will say 
 that its efficacy in removing the offensive smell of decomposing organic matter sur- 
 passes any substance with which I am acquainted. C. L. Dayton, M. D., Physician and 
 Surgeon to the Alms-house. 
 
 Buffalo, May 31. 1869. — I have given Broad's Fumigating Disinfectant a thorough 
 trial, and can fully indorse the views of Prof. George Hadley. G. B. Mackay, M. D., 
 Physician Erie County Penitentiary. 
 
 From the nature and well-known properties of the articles entering into the com- 
 position of Broad's Disinfectant I have no doubt but that it will prove very efficient 
 where such an article is required. John Cronyn, M. D., Physician Buffalo Hospital. 
 
 Chicago, June 37, 1867.^ — This is to certify that I have examined and submitted to 
 trial, as a deodorizer, an article known as Broad's Patent Fumigating Disinfectant. I 
 find it to be very efficient in removing unpleasant and noxious odors from the atmos- 
 phere of rooms contaminated by the presence of decomposing organic matter. In my 
 opinion, it will also prove efficacious, if freely and frequently used, in retarding, if not in 
 arresting, the putrefactive process, while burning it diffuses a grateful odor, without 
 emitting any vapors which are hurtful if breathed by the sick. James V. Z. Blaney, 
 
 Consulting Chemist. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
206 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES C. PENFOLD, 
 
 Designer, Engraver and Manufacturer of Fine Jewelry, Badges, Medals, 
 etc. — Nos. 2 and 4 £)ast Swan St. 
 
 Mr. Chas. 
 C. Penfold, 
 of Nos. 2 and 
 4 East Swan 
 street, Buffa- 
 lo, is conced- 
 ed to possess 
 rare taste and 
 skill in the 
 d e si gni n g 
 and making 
 of badges. 
 He has been 
 •w o nderf ally 
 successful in 
 his chosen 
 specialty, and 
 as a conse- 
 q u e n ce he 
 finds himself 
 already in a 
 
 flourishing condition from a business point of view, though established on his own 
 account less than a year. 
 
 Mr. Penfold is a practical designer and engraver, and a successful manufacturer 
 of fine jewelry of artistic and appropriate design. His services are in great and 
 growing request for the designing of badges and medals of every description, club 
 and class pins, jewels and pieces for prize presentations in gold and silver, etc. 
 Among his most notable efforts in this special direction may be mentioned a silver 
 bronze medallion of President Cleveland (for which he has an autograph letter of 
 thanks from the Chief Magistrate), and the new parade badge recently adopted by the 
 select knights, A. O. U. W. , of New Tork State, which he has had patented. Besides 
 these Mr. Penfold has on exhibition a great variety of badges and medals, fine 
 jewelry, bronzes, charms, etc., of his own designing, all beautiful and interesting, 
 which will be cheerfully shown to all who desire to inspect them. The souvenir 
 badges worn i)y Utica Commandery Knights Templar at the Elmira conclave, October 
 13 last, were designed and made by him, and attracted universal attention and admira- 
 tion for the taste, skill and artistic beauty combined in them. The badge consists of a 
 passion cross, over which a banner is suspended by rings from a rod. The banner in 
 turn bears on its field the raised figure of a horse, carrying a knight in full armor, be- 
 tween the words " Utica Commandery No. 3," and " Utica, N. Y." The arms of the 
 cross extend from a quarter to three-eighths of an inch from under the banner. The 
 hilts of crossed swords and the lower end of the scabbards appear at the upper and 
 lower angles formed by the banner and cross. The whole is suspended from a metal 
 bar on which are engraved the words, " 73d Annual Conclave." Mr. Penfold was also 
 the designer and manufacturer of the badges worn on the same notable occasion by 
 Lake Erie Commandery No. 20 of Buffalo, St. Omer Commandery No. 19 of Elmira, 
 Lafayette Commandery No. 7 of Hudson, and other organizations distinguished for 
 their handsome appearance and tasteful equipment. In point of design and workman- 
 ship the decorations produced at this establishment are equal to any we have ever seen , 
 and worthy of special attention from committees and individuals in search of unique 
 and artistic productions in this line. 
 
 Mr. Penfold's equipment of late improved machinery is complete. He also has the 
 requisite apparatus, and is prepared to do every description of gold and silver-plating 
 in the best manner and at short notice. 
 
 Mr. Penfold is a native of Lockport, N. T. He entered the jewelry trade in 1873, 
 having resided in Buffalo during the previous fifteen years, with the exception of two- 
 years spent at Providence, R. I., in perfecting himself as a practical jeweler and de- 
 signer. He is a popular gentleman, and for six years was inspector of rifle practice in. 
 
 the 74th N. G. s. N. T. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
TEE INBUaTBlES OF BUFFALO. 207 
 
 HOWARD IRON WORKS. 
 
 Manufacturers of Hotel, Factory and Store Hydraulic, Power and Hand 
 Elevators, also Grain Elevators, Printers' and Book-Binders' Machinery, 
 Steam Engines, Shafting, Hangers, Pulleys, Bark Mills, Tannery Fix- 
 tures, Schleuker's Bolt Cutters, Howard Parallel Bench Vises, Taps and 
 Dies, Set Screws, Every Description of Railroad Work, and Iron Cast- 
 ings in General— Agency for the " Otto" Gas Engine— No. 287 Chicago St. 
 
 The above is one of those great representative establishments tliat have contributed 
 to the upbuilding of Buffalo, not only in the volume, variety and value of their pro- 
 ducts, but in spreading abroad an accurate knowledge of her manufacturing and com- 
 mercial resources. Established in 1849 by Mr. Rufus L. Howard, who still remains at 
 its head, this superb enterprise at once took rank with the leading concerns of this 
 continent, and has always sustained a pre-eminent reputation for the material, 
 ingenuity, skill, finish and general excellence of its machinery, tools, castings, and, in 
 short, every item of work done on its premises. Ten years ago at the Philadelphia 
 Centennial Exposition these works were awarded the first grand prize medal and 
 diploma for superior machinery over all competitors — an award the value of which 
 will be appreciated when it is stated that the most famous iron and steel manufacturers, 
 engine and machinery builders and inventors of this country, England, France, Ger- 
 many and Italy entered their best productions and were eager, determined rivals for 
 the honors accorded this unpretentious, yet grandly substantial and deserving Buf- 
 falo house. Since then, as before, the course of the Howard Iron Works has been 
 steadily and undeviatingly onward and upward, original and independent, always 
 leading, never following, sustaining and strengthening its claim to superiority by the 
 introduction of novelties in machinery and the improvement of old devices whereby 
 they are rendered capable of faster and better work than ever. It has over been the 
 policy of the Howard Iron Works to encourage and employ inventive talent, the result 
 of which is seen in the unusual number and recognized capacity of the ingenious 
 mechanics found in its various departments, and the constant stream of new and im- 
 proved devices designed and manufactured here. 
 
 The premises, fronting on Chicago street, the Main and the Hamburg canals and 
 Granger street, embrace something over two acres of the most valuable ground in the 
 manufacturing district, two-thirds of which is covered by commodious and substantial 
 buildings, containing the immense foundry, machine and wood-working shops. Two 
 fine blast furnaces of twenty tons daily capacity add to the completeness of the works 
 and enable the proprietors to make their own finished iron direct from the pig — an ad- 
 vantage that will readily be appreciated by all who possess any knowledge of the 
 business. The equipment in every department is as complete as long experience and 
 practically unlimited means can make it, and is unsurpassed anywhere. A working 
 force of nearly 300 skilled mechanics and laborers is constantly employed under the 
 personal supervision of Mr. E. Schlenker, himself an accomplished machinist and in- 
 ventor. The capital invested is between $300,000 and |300,000, and the annual output 
 varies from $300,000 to $400,000. 
 
 It would be impossible in the limits of an article of this kind to more than glance 
 at and mention by name the various products of this truly colossal concern. Among 
 the more important are the Howard steam, hydraulic and hand elevator for hotels, 
 stores and factories, grain and coal elevator michinery, printers' and binders' ma- 
 chinery, Including hand and hydraulic presses, paper-cutters, slabbers, thskckers, etc. ; 
 Schlenker's patent revolving bolt cutters of all sizes, Howard patent parallel bench 
 vises, bark mills, centering lathes, railway frogs, switches, etc., iron and steel set 
 screws, machine screw taps, bolts, and every description of small machinery and 
 appliances for every conceivable purpose. They also have the general agency ior the 
 silent "Otto" gas engine. 
 
 Mr. Schlenker, who is the patentee of much of the machinery they manufacture, 
 exercises constant and close superintendence of every department, and nothing leaves 
 the works until it has passed a rigid inspection. 
 
 The Howard Iron Works enjoys the abundant confidence of the machinery-buying 
 public everywhere, and its productions are in general use throughout this continent. 
 Those interested are advised to send to headquarters for catalogue and price-list — a 
 handsome book of over 100 pages — from which may be obtained much valuable Infor- 
 mation on the subject of manufacturing and machinery in general. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
208 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 THE BUFFALO SATUR DAY MERCURY, 
 
 W. J. McCahill & Co., Publishers— W. J. McCahill, President ; John Fischer, 
 Secretary and Treasurer— Office, Second Floor, No. 60 Fast Seneca St. 
 
 By reason of the rivalry of the dailies (which usually combine to crush out aspiring 
 newcomers) the publication of regular weekly newspapers in the cities is attended with 
 many and serious difficulties, and only those entering this field amply equipped with 
 capital, energy, industry and brains can hope to succeed. So fortified, however, and 
 with a fixed determination to win, success is not impossible, as has been repeatedly 
 demonstrated — notably by the publishers of the Buffalo Saturday Mercury, established 
 by W. J. McCahill & Co. in April last. The Mercury is an exceedingly bright six-column 
 quarto, full to the brim of entertaining local notes, condensed news and literary mis- 
 cellany, and has already achieved wonderful popularity, as is shown by the figures 
 relating to circulation, as follows": First issue, gratuitous; at end of first month, bona 
 fide paid circulation, 1,200; end of second month, 1,500; end of third month, 3,500; end 
 of fourth month, 3,700 ; end of fifth month, 4,500; end of sixth month (September), 
 6,000; and on Saturday, December 4th, 16,000 copies were printed and sold in Buffalo 
 and surrounding towns — a most gratifying exhibit, and one upon which the enterprising 
 proprietors have every reason to congratulate themselves. Under a continuation of 
 such capable management the Mercury's future is assured, and the problem of how to 
 live and be happy in a bear's den will again be solved — for the struggling weekly, 
 surrounded by rich and powerful dailies, occupies just that position. The Mercury has 
 a large and growing circulation, not only at home but in all the adjacent New York and 
 Pennsylvania towns — Erie, Bradford, Oil City, Dunkirk, Medina, Elmira, etc. — a special 
 edition being printed for that special purpose, filled with news, society notes, etc., from 
 over 170 local correspondents in the States of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
 
 December saw the opening, in connection with the Saturday Mercury, of a job 
 printing office, under the same management, which is complete and well-appointed in 
 every department, and is already doing a large and profitable business. 
 
 The Mercury occupies the entire second floor of No. 60 Seneca street, 26 by 80 feet. 
 It is a flourishing establishment throughout. The capital invested is about $6,000, and 
 is paying a fair return thus early. President McCahill and Secretary and Treasurer 
 Fischer are well known and popular business men, endowed with tact and pluck suffi- 
 cient to carry their enterprise to a successful issue in the face of any conceivable 
 obstacle, and there is no reason to doubt that they will do so. The firm have just set up 
 a first-class cylinder press from the Bagley & Sewell Co., Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 BUFFALO REFRIG ERATO R MANUFACTORY. 
 
 Peter A. Vogt, Manufacturer of Voet's Patent Refrigerators for Hotel, 
 Restaurant and Family Use, Ice Chests, Beer Coolers, etc.— Nos. 81 and 
 83 Broadway. 
 
 Mr. Peter A. Vogt, head of the Buffalo 
 Refrigerator Manufactory, has devoted thirty 
 years of his life to this branch of industry. 
 For a long period he was a practical workman 
 in the shops of John C. Jewett, establishing 
 himself as a manufacturer on a small scale in 
 1865, Ingenious, studious and industrious, 
 he introduced improvement after improve- 
 ment, taking out patents upon the more impor- 
 tant and valuable, until at last a point of per- 
 fection has been reached which seems to leave 
 nothing desirable undone, and his goods are 
 renowned throughout the length and breadth 
 of the land for their beauty, economy and 
 absolute reliability. Every ice-chest, refrig- 
 erator and beer-cooler turned out of this fac- 
 tory is carefully inspected previous to ship- 
 ping, and all are packed with charcoal, well 
 and substantially made, and finished in 
 superior style. They are made of varying 
 sizes, patterns and weights for different pur- 
 Grained ice-chests, "Star" refrigerators, "Excelsior," 
 
 refrigerators ; " Grocers' " 
 
 poses, in styles as follows : 
 "Reliable," " Standard" (1 ' 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 209 
 
 ice-chests, luncli-coolers in several patterns, and beer and ale coolers in eight or ten dif- 
 ferent sizes and styles. The following are a few of the advantages presented by these 
 chests, coolers and refrigerators : 
 
 1. They have been before the public for the past twenty years, and are manufac- 
 tured under three distinct patents, granted May 33, 1866, September 34, 1867, and March 
 H, 1873. 
 
 3. A perfect uniform temperature. 
 
 3. A constant change of air in the provision chamber, without waste of ice or loss 
 of air already cooled. 
 
 4. A downward current of cold air prevents the provision chamber from being filled 
 with warm air on opening the door. 
 
 5. The cool air performs double duty of cooling and purifying the chamber and 
 protecting it from warm external air. 
 
 6. The great convenience of the ice chamber. 
 
 7. The form of the provision chamber ; every portion of it can be used with equal 
 convenience. 
 
 8. Articles of strong and unpleasant and of delicate odor can be placed in the pro- 
 vision chamber together without danger of mixing fiaviors. 
 
 9. They are lined throughout with zinc, preventing the absorption of offensive 
 odors. 
 
 10. The stationary ice bottom is covered with galvanized iron, preventing taint. 
 
 11. The crowning feature of these refrigerators is one by which, with the aid of 
 rubber strips, the doors are made nearly air-tight. 
 
 13. The wood-work portion is thoroughly kiln-dried, and in all particulars these are 
 the best-made articles of the kind now offered the public. 
 
 Mr. Vogt's premises are quite roomy, embracing the entire six floors and basement, 
 40 by 100 feet, of the building Nos. 81 and 83 Broadway. The firm was formerly Gesel- 
 gen & Vogt, Mr. Geselgen retiring in 1871. Mr. Vogt removed from the old stand, No. 
 31 Main street, to his present location in 1883. He employs from fifteen to twenty 
 skilled workmen in fitting up and finishing the goods, all of the mill work being done 
 by contract elsewhere. Three active travelers are steadily employed. 
 
 T. & E. DICKINSON, 
 
 Dealers in Choice Diamonds, Kubies, Sapphires, Emeralds, Pearls, Rich 
 Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, Solid Silverware, Plated "Ware, Brass and 
 Optical Goods, Canes, Novelties, etc. — No. 254 Main St. 
 
 Beyond all question the above-named is the largest, best-equipped and most liberally 
 patronized establishment of the kind between New York and Chicago. It is also the 
 oldest, having been founded by its present head in 1849, occupying the noted old St. 
 John's dwelling, then No. 370 Main street, used as a hospital in the war of 1813, and one 
 of the few Buffalo residences spared by the British and their almost equally savage 
 Indian allies when Buffalo was burnt. In 1866 Mr. Dickinson made a business as well 
 as life partner of his estimable wife ; the present location was purchased ; little by 
 little, as the requirements of their growing trade demanded, the building was enlarged 
 and improved and their facilities increased, until now the one is a most desirable prop- 
 erty, 30 feet front, 130 feet deep, and five stories in height, and the other, as already 
 noted, is one of the most extensive and complete in this country. All of the latest 
 improved machinery and special tools used in the trade are provided, some thirteen or 
 fourteen skilled jewelers and watchmakers are regularly employed, and a vast quantity 
 of superior goods are produced, the specialties of the house embracing choice diamonds, 
 rubies, sapphires, pearls, emeralds, rich jewelry in original and standard designs, 
 American and imported watches and clocks, solid silver and silver plated ware, brass 
 and optical goods, gold and silver-headed canes, and all the latest and most attractive 
 novelties of the trade as fast as introduced. 
 
 The store is a truly elegant and inviting place, the resort of the best people of Buf- 
 falo and vicinity — the class who recognize and appreciate artistic taste, genuine value 
 and the highest grade of workmanship. Of course the aggregate annual sales are very 
 large, and the firm of T. & E. Dickinsou is a prosperous one, a credit to the members 
 and to the city. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
210 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 BUFFALO RUBBER COMPANY. 
 
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 RUBBER COMPANY 
 
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 G. D. Barr, Proprietor— Manufactur- 
 ers and Jobbers of India Rubber 
 Goods of Every Description — Pure 
 Oak-Tanned Leather Belting and 
 Mill Supplies— Agency of the Boston 
 Belting Co.— Nos. 204 and 206 Main 
 Street. 
 
 One of the most attractive establish- 
 ments in the city of Buffalo is the splen- 
 did seven-story edifice occupied by the 
 Buffalo Rubber Co., Main street, between 
 Seneca and Exchange. The buildipg was 
 for many years occupied by the old estab- 
 lished house of W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co. 
 It was entirely rebuilt at a large outlay, 
 two stories added, and especially adapted 
 to the requirements of the Buffalo Rubber 
 Co., which formally opened it with one of 
 the finest displays in the country, duringthe 
 lUBaMliMWiiH'MWraflHKtWMwJMIl'li'iil^ past summer. Since that time the sales- 
 ■H HI ^m \wm WK ■■ rooms have been remodeled and lighted 
 ™ ™ 'fl I™ Fl nl with electricity throughout. It would be 
 iM| IH ^1 IH IM jRf difficult through a pen sketch to give 
 ''"" * ^ ■ an adequate idea of what such a com- 
 
 1 prehensive assortment of goods, espe- 
 cially in the rubber line, consists of. 
 The display is so varied and artisti- 
 cally arranged that it attracted crowds of 
 visitors for several days after the' opening. 
 The facilities possessed for the manufac- 
 ture of this company's celebrated pure 
 oak-tanned leather belting and hose are 
 unsurpassed, while the stock of rubber 
 belting, hose, packing and mill supplies is 
 conceded to be larger than that of any 
 other house in the State. It is carefully 
 selected from the best manufacturers in 
 the country, of which the old reliable 
 Boston Belting Co. of world-wide reputa- 
 tion stands at the head. 
 
 The trade of this company extends over 
 a wide territory, having been built up by 
 years of energetic effort. The firm was 
 originally N. H. Gardner & Co., in 1853 ; in 
 1873 it was succeeded by Barr & Curtiss, 
 and in 1877 by the present proprietor, 
 Mr. G. D. Barr. The latter has demonstra- 
 ted that he is one of Buffalo's leading 
 business men in the line of progress — 
 a wide-awake and liberal business man 
 and good citizen. 
 
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THE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 211 
 
 SIDNEY SHEPARD & CO. 
 
 Buffalo Stamping Works— Manufacturers of Stamped, Pieced and Japanned 
 Tin Ware, Metals, Tinmen's Supplies, Tools, Iron and Steel Cut Nails, 
 etc.— Nos. 145, 147 and 149 East Seneca St. 
 
 The leading establishment of its kind out- 
 side the metropolis, and perhaps as exten- 
 sive as any similar American concern, the 
 house of Sidney Shepard & Co. was founded 
 in 1836, and has pursued a steady upward 
 and onward course to commercial distinc- 
 tion from its inception. The firm removed 
 in January from No. 68 Main street to Nos. 
 145, 147 and 149 East Seneca street, where 
 they occupy spacious and convenient quar- 
 ters fronting 60 feet on both Seneca and 
 Carroll streets, with a depth of 163 feet, 
 four stories on the former and five on the 
 latter thoroughfare. Here they have ample 
 room for the transaction of an immense 
 business, and largely increased facilities 
 and opportunities for still further enlarging 
 their operations. At the factory, No. 191 
 Clinton street, every department is com- 
 pletely fitted up with special reference to 
 the demands of the specialties to which it 
 is devoted, and each is complete in itself. 
 The manufacturing plant and facilities are 
 all that could be desired, including many 
 devices and approved machines for econo- 
 mizing labor and producing the most per- 
 fect work rapidly and in large quantities. 
 Much of this ingenious machinery was 
 specially designed and constructed for and 
 is covered by patents held by the firm ; it 
 is consequently peculiar to this establish- 
 ment and beyond the reach of competing 
 manufacturers. Steam power supplements 
 and supplants hand-work wherever available, and the output ia enormous in quantity, 
 superb in quality, and almost infinite in variety. The equipment is valued at several 
 hundred thousand dollars, in addition to which the house commands ample resources 
 and is sound and responsible in all respects. 
 
 As before stated, the Seneca-street building is headquarters of the firm, containing 
 the principal office and salesrooms, and is a hive of industry at all seasons. The stock 
 exhibited here is one of the most extensive ever offered the trade, and embraces almost 
 all items of stamped, japanned and plain tinware for which there is any demand, together 
 with a carefully selected stock of metals, tinners' supplies and house-furnishing hard- 
 ware of every description. 
 
 Necessarily, an establishment doing so widely-diffused a business enjoys many and 
 important advantages over smaller concerns, and is prepared to fill heavy orders with 
 the utmost promptitude, in the best and most satisfactory manner, and at rock-bottom 
 figures; consequently, Sidney Shepard & Co. have the entire confidence and a large 
 share of the patronage of the trade, not only of the region immediately tributary to 
 Buffalo, embracing Western New York and Pennsylvania, but throughout the East, 
 North, South and West. 
 
 Their branch house at Chicago, established some ten years ago, does a business to 
 the full as extensive as that of the parent house here, and is increasing its sales and 
 importance at a rapid rate. Here at home the firm employ several hundred skilled 
 workmen in their various departments. It will thus be seen that Sidney Shepard & 
 Co. confer as much indirect benefit upon the community in the way of providing re- 
 munerative employment to large numbers of people as directly in attracting hither 
 buyers of merchandise from a distance. The house is one of which Buffalo should be 
 and is justly proud. 
 
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212 
 
 TEE INBUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 SWAN-STREET CAFE. 
 
 J. A. Oaks, Proprietor — No 11 Sast Swan St. 
 
 The Swan Street Caf6 was opened to public patronage by 
 its present proprietor, Mr. J. A. Oaks, in April of 1885, and 
 is truly a model establishment, conducted on the most lib- 
 eral scale throughout. Mr. Oaks is an experienced caterer, 
 brought up to the business of ministering to the inner man, 
 and in his present venture has spared neither labor nor 
 expense in the effort to please the public and render Ms 
 house popular with, and the regular resort of, the best citi- 
 zens of Buffalo, and of such transient sojourners as ap- 
 preciate the good things of life, prepared in the highest 
 style of the art and served in an unexceptionable manner. 
 That he has succeeded is evident from the large and con- 
 stantly increasing patronage extended, and the general air 
 of prosperity and pleasant bustle that pervades the entire 
 place. 
 Quests of the " Swan-Street " are provided with tempting meals, including every 
 substantial and delicacy of the season, at any hour of the day or night, served 
 promptly by polite and attentive waiters, at comparatively very low prices. 
 
 An elegantly appointed suite of dining parlors for the convenience of families, 
 ladies and dinner-parties is provided on the second and third floors, reached by both 
 stairs and elevator, where quiet and comfort add zest to the delicious viands. Lady 
 visitors will find toilet rooms and other conveniences. 
 
 The Swan-Street is also the leading shell oyster house of the city, and patrons may 
 have the Itiscious bivalves opened before their eyes, as all are opened on the premises, 
 served promptly, neatly and in any style or quantity desired. Oysters are supplied to 
 families and others by the hundred, quart or gallon, and delivered, fried, by the hun- 
 dred or dozen. 
 
 Private consumers are also supplied with chicken and lobster salads, green turtle 
 soup, dressed and cooked game and fowls in season, boned turkey, etc. In short, the 
 establishment is first-class in every particular, and well worthy the liberal support 
 it receives at the hands of a critical and appreciative public. 
 
 SLATE MANTELS. 
 
 Empire Slate Mantel Works— H. N. Warren, Proprietor— No. 169 Niagara St. 
 
 One of the principal slate mantel houses of Buffalo is that of Mr. H. N. Warren 
 
 the Empire Slate Mantel Works— No. 169 Niagara street, established by T.M. Ryan & 
 Co. in 1885, Mr. Warren purchasing the plant in May of 1886. The factory is four 
 stories in height, 30 feet front, 300 feet deep, employs eighteen men, and turns out 
 about $25,000 worth of finished goods per annum, all of which are eagerly taken by the 
 trade, principally in the West. 
 
 The object is to build up a first-class connection with builders, inside finishers and 
 others more or less directly interested, and to that end the latest designs, novelties in 
 patterns, superior material and workmanship and moderate prices are the rule. That 
 this plan is a successful one goes without saying, and the products of the Empire Slate 
 Mantel Works are already well and favorably known all over the country. 
 ^ Mr. H. N. Warren was formerly engaged in the newspaper business, and later in 
 merchandising. He is an old citizen of Buffalo, popular with all who know him. In 
 the late civil war he served his country with ardor and distinction for three years, en- 
 tering the service as a captain and returning a colonel. He was seriously wounded in 
 the last battle of the war at Five Forks, Virginia 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 213 
 
 A. T. KERR & CO.. 
 
 Wholesale Dealers in Wines and Liquors— No. 90 East Seneca St. 
 
 Mean and adulterated drinks supply the temperance apostles and prohibition fanatics 
 with their most powerful arguments, and if it were possible to abolish the manufacture 
 and sale of these abominable concoctions there would be little need for stringent laws 
 for the restriction, much less the prohibition of the liquor traffic. Some men and women 
 are so physically and mentally constituted that an occasional glass of stimulant is 
 necessary to their health and comfort, and to them the maker and dealer in pure, sound 
 liquors is a real benefactor and friend, supplying them with the means of maintaining 
 health, strength and courage to enjoy life and overcome its ever-recurring cares and 
 difficulties. Such a house is that of A. T. Kerr & Co., the well and favorably known 
 importers and wholesale dealers in fine wines and liquors, No. 99 Seneca street. The 
 house was founded by its present senior member in 1859 at No. 59 Main street. He 
 removed to the present location in 1873, and in 1875 the firm of A. T. Kerr & Co. was 
 organized, composed of Messrs. A. T. and A. D. Kerr and H. C. Ureen. 
 
 The firm have a handsome four-story building, 25 feet front, 165 feet deep, with 
 ample cellars, conveniently arranged throughout, and stocked on every floor with superb 
 lines of the finest wines of noted vintages, fruity old French brandies, and rich and 
 fragrant rye and Bourbon whiskies of the most celebrated brands — conspicuous among 
 which is exhibited a rare stock of the renowned " Old Amber " rye, their leading 
 specialty, a bland, ripe, oily and delicious whisky that has few equals and no superior — 
 the favorite with bon vivant and medical practitioner alike. 
 
 Messrs. A. T. Kerr & Co. have a very large and growing trade, extending over New 
 York and adjoining States, averaging about f 175,00U per annum. The house enjoys the 
 confidence of and is popular with the trade and consumers wherever known. All of the 
 members are natives of this county. Mr. A. T. Kerr was born in 1835, and has resided 
 in BufEalo since 1854, clerking for Bidwell & Co. until 1857, subsequently keeping books 
 for Renwick & Bissell, plumbers, for two years, when he embarked in the liquor 
 business, first as a member of the firm of Kerr & Laing, and later by himself. He was 
 a charter member of Neptune Hose No. 5, and is an exempt fireman. He is also an 
 active Freemason. Mr. A. D. Kerr was born in 1842, and entered the firm in 1875, 
 having been in his brother's employ previously. He served in the Sixty-fourth New 
 York as a second lieutenant, and was wounded in the shoulder at Bristow's Station, 
 October 14th, 1863, from which he has never entirely recovered. He is an Oddfellow, 
 a Knight of Honor, and a member of the A. O. U. W. Mr. H. C. Green, born in 1838, 
 came to BufEalo in 1859, and entered the firm in 1875. He is a Freemason, a Knight of 
 Honor and a Workman. All are A No. 1 men, upright and faithful in every relation, 
 and fairly entitled to their social and business prosperity. 
 
 JACOB F. KUHN, 
 
 Proprietor of the Uiiion Brewery— Nos. 648, 650 and 652 Broadway. 
 
 The Union Brewery, of which Mr. Jacob F. Kuhn is the proprietor, is one of the 
 pioneer breweries of the city, and for this reason alone is entitled to special mention. 
 A noteworthy point is the fact that several of the leading Buffalo brewers either 
 received their practical training at the Union Brewery or were connected with it in some 
 capacity. This brewery was planned on the best principles, and the beer brewed there 
 has always stood high. At the present time there is not a brand of beer in the Buffalo 
 market that excels it for purity or flavor. During the last fifteen years Mr. Kuhn has 
 conducted it, and with good success. He has been ably assisted by his two sons, and 
 the practical working of the establishment has for some time past been in their hands. 
 For the year 1886 the product was about 6,000 barrels. The brewery is now refrigerated 
 with a fifteen- ton Kransch refrigerating machine, which was put in operation during the 
 present season. The plant of the brewery is being remodeled and will, when com- 
 pleted, make the capacity at least 30,000 barrels per year. These improvements will 
 consist of adding another story to the present brewery and additional storage rooms. 
 The property occupied on Broadway affords plenty of accommodation for the improve- 
 ments mentioned, which will tend to enhance the old-time reputation of this brewery. 
 The Messrs. Kuhn are all level-headed, practical business men. Their aim has 
 always been to give satisfaction to their customers, whether in the trade or otherwise. 
 
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214 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 PETER G. STRAUB (Established 1873), 
 
 Dealer in all Kinds of Cut and Building Stone, Liime and Cements— Side- 
 walk Paver and Jobber — Manufacturer of Stone Burial Cases— Main Yard 
 and Office, Nos. 918 to 930 Main St. ; Branch Yards, No. 1151 Main and 
 938 Ellicott St. 
 
 Mr. Straab has been establislied in his present line of business here in Buffalo since 
 1873, having been a member of the firm of Bauer, Straub & Co., to which he succeeded in 
 1877. Among; his most important recent building contracts were the Peoria (111.) post- 
 oifice, erected in 1885, and the Erie (Pa.) postoflBce, now nearing completion. These are 
 both splendid pieces of work, and reflect great credit upon the builder. 
 
 Mr. Straub is the most extensive layer of sidewalks in Buffalo, and his excellent 
 work is seen in all portions of the city. He is also patentee and manufacturer of a new 
 and improved stone burial case, which is rapidly coming into general use, since it affords 
 perfect security and protection to the dead. 
 
 The burial case is made from the best sawed stone, carefully grooved and hermeti- 
 cally sealed, thus guaranteeing the preservation of the remains for a longer period than 
 the old system. The prices are reasonable, and orders are executed and cases set on 
 completion of the grave. 
 
 Mr. Straub has the contract for working the county almshouse quarry, employing 
 otherwise idle pauper labor for excavating, and skilled labor for quarrying and dressing 
 the stone, which is of superior quality and much sought by builders, to whom it is 
 supplied in immense quantities, besides what he requires for the various improvements 
 upon which he is himself engaged. This plan of employing pauper labor, while it does 
 not bring it into competition with free skilled labor, saves the taxpayers a considerable 
 sum annually, which would otherwise go for the maintenance of drones, who can but 
 will not work, save under compulsion, besides which the county receives a handsome 
 royalty for the quarrying privilege, which, lying within the city limits, is of practical 
 value to the contractor. 
 
 Mr. Straub also handles all other popular varieties of building stone, Seneca and 
 Ohio sandstone, etc., which he supplies to builders on reasonable terms. He carries 
 large stocks of lime and cements, besides, and is prepared to fill orders promptly and in 
 the best manner. His yards are three in number, viz. : One — where is also located his 
 office— at Nos. 918 to 930 Main street, 140 by 150 feet ; one at No. 1151 Main street, 80 by 
 150 feet, and the third at No. 938 Ellicott street, 30 by 230 feet. He employs about fifty 
 men, and does an annual business of over $100,000. 
 
 C. J. DRESCHER & SON, 
 
 Paper Box Manufacturers — "Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Printed Ma- 
 nilas, Strawf and Bag; Wrapping, Fancy and Print Papers, Straw and 
 "Wood Pulp Boards— Nos. IS, 15 and 17 Terrace. 
 
 The leading paper box factory of Buffalo is that of C. J. Drescher & Son, Nos. 13, 15, 
 and 17 Terrace, where they have six floors, 40 by 60 feet square, employ thirty-five men 
 and girls, besides a fine equipment of first-class machinery, and turn out from 4,800 to 
 5,000 boxes of all sizes per diem. They also make a specialty of strawboard tubes of all 
 kinds and sizes for mailing maps, engravings, chromos, drawings, sheet music, etc., and 
 are prepared to supply the trade with either boxes or tubes in any quantity desired at 
 short notice and on reasonable terms. A fine steam engine supplies power for running 
 all the machinery, paper and board cutters, presses, etc., required in the establishment. 
 
 C. J. Drescher himself is also an extensive dealer in printed manila wrapping papers 
 for merchants, straw and rag wrapping, fancy and print papers of every description, and 
 sole agent for the goods of several celebrated straw and wood palp board manufactures, 
 whose products he furnishes to the trade at mill prices. His warerooms are at all 
 times stocked with full lines of goods of the kinds we have enumerated, and buyers and 
 others interested will do well to call and see the samples and prices. 
 
 Mr. Drescher, sr., established the present business in 1867 at Nos. 188 and 190 Main 
 street, over the Bank of Commerce, removing in 1877 to No. 15 Terrace. By industry 
 and close attention to the demands of the trade he has made his venture a conspicuous 
 and profitable success. His son, Mr. C. A. Dresher, an active, industrious, live young 
 man, has charge of the establishment. 
 
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TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFSALO. 215 
 
 THE BUFFALO NATURAL GAS FUEL CO. 
 
 D. O'Day," President; O. G.Warren, Vice-President; John McManus, Secre- 
 tary and Treasnrer ; C. N. Payne, General Manager — Office, Rooms 4 and 
 5 Coal and Iron Exchange. 
 
 No more opportune or valuable discovery lias ever been made than that of natural 
 gas. It has already revolutionized many branches of manufactures, and bids fair to 
 pro re in various ways the most beneficent of all the forces stored up in the bosom of 
 Mother Earth, to be released and utilized when most needed for the comfort, conven- 
 ience and profit of man. It has made a new, clean and healthful city of Pittsburg, 
 reinspired Wheeling, warmed, lighted and beautified scores of towns throughout 
 Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Eastern Ohio, and has at last been intro- 
 duced to work its wonders here in BufEalo. Its cleanliness in use, economy and 
 convenience, cannot fail to commend it not only to manufacturers but to housekeepers. 
 First turned on at Wheeling in September last, the Intelligencer has this to say of it : 
 
 " Next to the Pittsburg of former days, Wheeling has an unenviable reputation for 
 smoke and soot and all the debris of dirt and blackness that results from the universal 
 use of coal in an unscientific way — that is, in a way that did not consume the smoke. 
 It was here as it was in Pittsburg, that every house vied with every factory in belching 
 forth colutnns of smoke from its chimneys that rained down endless flakes of soot on 
 the town. The inside and outside of our houses too plainly suggested smoke and soot 
 and dirt. No amount of paint could keep down this unprepossessing appearance. It 
 would persist in asserting itself as soon as the paint was fairly dry. The roofs on the 
 houses, the paper on the walls, the carpets on tlie floors, the curtains in the windows, 
 the shrubbery and grass in the yards, the trees on the sidewalks, all conspired to tell 
 the tale of sulphur and soot, and all took on the complexion of a damaged reputation. 
 The sorrows of wash-days in Wheeling can never be told, especially of the clothesline 
 part of it — the hanging-out-to-dry ordeal. The breeze that dried the linen would rain 
 down the carbon that so provokingly besprinkled it. Until the news that natural gas 
 was coming, we all expected to plod along in this weary housekeeping throughout our 
 lives, after the manner of our predecessors. But a great change in this matter of soot 
 and blackness is about to occur — the same sort of a change that has already occurred at 
 Pittsburg. Pittsburg is now a clean town. A collar and a pair of cuffs can be worn a 
 whole day, and an ordinary cake of toilet soap will last a lady a week. To many people 
 who have not seen Pittsburg lately this may appear incredible, but it is a fact. And it 
 is all owing to the substitution of natural gas for coal to such a general extent. As it 
 now is up in that once " smoky city " so will it very soon be down here in Wheeling. 
 In a year or so, when gas is burned in all our homes and only colorless carbonic air is 
 seen issuing from our chimneys, we will scarcely recognize the complexion of the old 
 town. And when in winter there is no kindling to provide and split up, ho shivering 
 over damp fuel that refuses to ignite, no smoke to be driven down the chimney by a 
 gust of changing weather, no sulphurous cinders and dust scattering ashes to take up, 
 no unsightly barrels or bins of refuse in the back yards waiting to be hauled away to 
 the dump pile, we shall all thank Providence that while our lamps still hold out to burn 
 we were permitted to see this new order of things. Really and truly it will revolu- 
 tionize housekeeping in Wheeling and give numberless weary hands a rest from hitherto 
 endless scrubbing, sweeping and cleaning. This of itself, putting aside all we expect 
 • of benefit to our manufacturers, is enough to create a boom in the old town." 
 
 Next to Pittsburg, Wheeling is the greatest iron and steel manufacturing point in 
 the West, and all the mills and factories are using natural gas, which gives unqualified 
 satisfaction. The same paper already quoted, interviewed Secretary Whitaker of the 
 Whitaker Iron Company as to the value and acceptability of the gas. Mr. Whitaker 
 said he was delighted with it. He could not say too much in its favor, for its advan- 
 tages could not be overestimated. " There is no question about its making a better 
 article of iron," said Mr. Whitaker. " No sulphur comes in contact with the iron as it 
 is put through the various processes from the raw to the finished state. . It cannot help 
 but add to the durability of the product." 
 
 " The gas is a great thing for most of your employes, isn't it ? " 
 
 " The gas was hailed with delight by the men employed at the furnaces. The sul- 
 phur and smoke from coal were annoying, and no doubt unhealthy. With natural gas 
 all this is obviated. No grate bars are to clean, no clinkers to knock out of the furnace, 
 the sulphur and smoke almost stifling the men in performing this work. In addition, 
 there will be a great savingJLn .furnace buUding. Jlfeere are so many advantages that 
 
216 THE INDUaTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 gas has over coal in the manufacture of iron that they cannot be enumerated. Wheeling 
 is certainly fortunate in securing the new fuel. It means the continuance and increased 
 output of her present manufactories, and unquestionably the erection of many more." 
 
 These extracts are sufficient to prove the advantages of natural gas over coal, and it 
 only remains for Buffalo manufacturers and housekeepers to stretch forth their hands, 
 take hold of the new fuel, and at once and forever rid themselves of the annoyance and 
 waste inseparable from the burning of coal. 
 
 The Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Company was incorporated early in the past year with 
 a cash capital of $250,000. The officers — well-known and popular business men — we 
 have already named. The wells are located in McKean county. Pa., and the great sup- 
 ply main is eighty-seven and one-half miles in length, capable of delivering here 
 2,500,000 feet of gas every twenty-lour hours. The principal Buffalo station is located 
 at No. 13 Franklin street, and the company's office at rooms 4 and 5 Coal and Iron 
 Exchange building, Washington street, adjoining custom-house. During the past 
 summer and fall about three hundred men were employed in the work of laying 
 pipes and making connections on the west side of the city, numerous factories and 
 private residences availing themselves of the vapor fuel as soon as turned on, in Decem- 
 ber. It is already popular with our citizens, and the management is besieged with 
 applications from people who are desirous of using it experimentally with a view to 
 dispensing with coal. The entire city will be piped ere another winter, and the proba- 
 bility is that the present facilities will have to be multiplied for the accommodation of 
 the public. 
 
 ORIENTAL BATH ROOMS. 
 
 Turkish and Russian Baths — Wagner & Nugent, Proprietors — No. 850 Main St. 
 
 The Oriental baths were opened by Mr. J. B. Wagner in 1882. He came here from 
 New York highly recommended by leading residents of that city, and with an experience 
 of sixteen years in this specialty — seven years with the Imperial Bath Co. and five 
 years with Drs. Atwater and Angell, whose renowned baths are the resort of thousands 
 from a distance, as well as residents of New York and surrounding cities, most of whom 
 are sent to them by practicing physicians of high repute. Mr. Wagner has been 
 remarkably successful with his Buffalo venture, and has gained the confidence of the 
 medical profession and the general public in a marked degree. So large was his 
 patronage, in fact, that in June of 1885 he was compelled to double his accommodations, 
 so that at present, in addition to the original bath-rooms, the establishment occupies the 
 entire ground floor of No. 850 Main street, which connects with the old quarters, and 
 both are fitted up in the most complete and elegant manner for the reception and 
 treatment of invalids and the general public. Every adjunct is modern, the baths 
 located on the main floor, the heating and ventilating arrangements perfect, the baths 
 equal to any in the world and superior to any others in this vicinity, and the entire 
 concern is under the supervision of Mr. Wagner himself, of whose long experience we 
 have already spoken. The subjoined letter speaks for itself: 
 To whom it "may concern : New York, October 1, 1881. 
 
 The bearer, Mr. John Wagner, had charge of the bathing department of the New 
 York Racquet Club, of which I am a member. I think they would have voted him the 
 degree of A. B. (artistic bather), had it been suggested or thought of. I consider him an 
 adept in the matter of bathing and rubbing, and that he has reduced those processes as 
 near as can be to perfection, and so recommend him. JAMES BUELL, 
 
 Late President of Importers & Traders' Bank of New Yorh, and also of the United States 
 Life Insurance Co. 
 
 January 13th of the present year Mr. John A. Nugent, a native of Vermont, who has 
 resided in Buffalo for the past seven years, became associated witli Mr. Wagner as 
 part proprietor and assistant manager, and the firm is now Wagner & Nugent. 
 
 Physicians furnish their patients written directions ; otherwise Mr. Wagner exercises 
 his own ripe judgment, the object being to please and benefit every patron. The firm 
 enjoy a large and prosperous business, and expect to build up here one of the most 
 famous bathing houses in the world. A fine pool and low charges — fifty cents per 
 bath — tend to make the establishment popular, while the beneficial effects of medicated 
 baths are universally conceded. 
 
 A separate ladies' bath, complete in every detail, and elegant and luxurious in 
 appointment, is soon to be in operation on Main slreet,('near the gentlemen's baths^ 
 and will be under the management of Mrs. J. B. Wagner, assisted by a corps of female 
 
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TSE INDUaiBIES OF BUFFALO. 217 
 
 BUFFALO REAL ESTATE. 
 
 A Most Attractive Field for iDvestment — Values Rapidly oa the Increase — 
 
 Gigantic Improvements. 
 
 The growth of BufEalo has heen so extensive within the past decade, particularly in 
 
 the outlying districts, that it is necessary to get out a new map almost every year. In 
 that extensive section included in the term East BufEalo, extending through an area of 
 several miles along the Belt Line railroad, the real estate boom has been a phenomenal 
 one. During the past year there has been remarkable activity in the extensive tracts of 
 this section available for building purposes. According to Mr. Joseph Bork, who is an 
 unquestioned authority, values in the class of real estate referred to have more than 
 doubled within a year. It is pretty safe to assert that nearly all the property between 
 the Belt Line railroad and the city line has changed hands recently, representing an 
 average advance of 100 per cent. This property is being rapidly divided up into 
 building lots and taken by a very thrifty element among the laboring class, of whom 
 there has been large influx to this city within the past few years, The extensive manu- 
 facturing, railroad and other industrial interests furnish lucrative employment for 
 thousands of the new-comers, while the Belt Line gives convenient access to those 
 seeking homes in this part of the city, and which can be had at a moderate outlay from 
 their earnings. As an illustration of real estate improvement, it is credibly stated that 
 on one tract east of Fillmore avenue, between Sycamore street and Broadway, within the 
 past year Mr. Bork sold 800 lots, upon which 500 houses have been built. A large 
 Polish immigration has settled here and built up considerable portions of East Buffalo 
 as if by magic. These industrious people now have two splendid churches, one of which, 
 nearly completed, represents a cost of $30,000. The owners presented this congregation 
 with the half interest held by them in the twenty-seven lots which were secured as the 
 church site on Bother street, between Sycamore street and Broadway. Mr. Bork, who 
 is in a position to know, gave it as his opinion that at no late day that entire section 
 from the Belt Line railroad to Cheektowaga will be entirely built up. 
 
 Among the transactions in this section in 1886, one piece of property sold in May for 
 $12,000; later, in July, for $18,000, and finally, in November, for $34,000. This repre- 
 sents purchases by prominent real estate men exclusively. In that central portion of 
 the city between. Main, Michigan, Broadway and Seneca streets, the growing demands 
 for additional business blocks makes this class of real estate gilt-edge for investment 
 purposes. In fact, there is no city in the country to-day where there is so much inquiry 
 from outside capitalists for investment, or where the same opportunities are afforded on 
 such a magnificent scale as in Buffalo. Among the best posted and most active operators 
 in real estate, Mr. Bork stands prominently to the front. He has had thirty years expe- 
 rience in the business, and is now the largest operator in the city. His office, at No. 368 
 Main street, is thronged every hour in the day. Any business intrusted to him is sure 
 to receive careful and judicious attention. Associated with him is Mr. Henry H. Voght, 
 a rising young business man of experience, who is also well and favorably known. 
 
 FOX & HOLL OWAY. 
 
 Dealers in Soutb Shore and Canada Sand — Yard, Fourth St, near Wilkeson ; 
 Office, Room 2, Austin Building, Niagara, Franklin and Elagle Sts. 
 
 It is of the greatest importance to property-owners and builders, pavers and others 
 that the sand used should be of the best quality, since the durability of the work in 
 which it is employed depends thereon to a great extent. 
 
 The firm of Fox & HoUoway, established in 1883, with extensive yards at the inter- 
 section of Fourth, Georgia and Wilkeson streets, and office in the Austin building, 
 corner of Eagle and Franklin streets, are prepared with superior facilities in the way of 
 teams and boats to supply contractors and builders with any desired quantity of the 
 best lake sand, both South shore and Canada, promptly and on the most reasonable 
 terms. It is unnecessary to explain the reasons for the superiority of this sand over 
 all other kinds obtainable in this part of the country ; the fact stands undisputed and is 
 sufficient. 
 
 Mr. Charles W. Holloway has been in this business for a long period, his uncle, Mr. 
 Isaac Holloway, having followed it for twenty years. 
 
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218 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 
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THE INDUBTRIEa OF BUFFALO. 
 
 319 
 
 THE BUFFALO WOOD VULCANIZING CO., 
 
 liargest and Most Complete Wood Vulcanizing Works in the World— J. P. 
 Monlton, President ; D. O'Day, Vice-President ; P. A. Bell, Treasurer ; P. T. 
 Moulton, Secretary— Office and Works, Ganson St. near Michigan; Up- 
 town Office, Coal and Iron Exchange. 
 
 Of late years one of the great economic questions of the day, which has puzzled 
 the minds of leading scientists as well as statesmen, has been that of the rapid destruc- 
 tion of timber. Vast sections from whence came the great lumber supply of the 
 country have been denuded to meet the enormous demand, and the question has 
 gravely arisen as to what the result would be. As might be expected, inventive genius 
 has solved the problem. In other words, a process has been discovered which renders 
 wood of any kind as imperishable as iron, so far as the efEects of tetaperature, moisture, 
 etc. , are concerned. 
 
 Heretofore the treatment of wood for durability has been confined to seasoning 
 and kiln-drying. The efEect has been the evaporation of the natural fluids, which 
 deprived the fibre of chemical elements which ought to contribute to its strength and 
 durability. The vulcanizing process herein referred to will revolutionize the old 
 methods which have been in vogue from almost time immemorial. The principles 
 involved in vulcanizing flre simple and wonderful in efEect. Wood subject to treatment 
 is sumitted to immense air pressure, which prevents the escape of the fluid components 
 when the high temperature is applied. The effect of the heat produces chemical changes 
 in the fluids and other elements, which are thus retained, making it much stronger and 
 more durable. All vegetable matter liable to generate decay is neutralized, and the con- 
 sequence is the complete preservation of the wood. 
 
 The Buffalo Wood Vulcanizing Company, organized during the past year, has now 
 in successful operation the largest works of the kind in the world. The process under 
 which they are working was patented five years ago, and was first introduced commer- 
 cially a year later by the Urited Statea^Wood Vnlcanwing Co; of New York City. The 
 
220 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 231 
 
 BufEalo works rank among the most important of this city's industrial interests. They 
 are centrally located on Oanson street near Michigan, adjacent to the BufEalo Creek 
 railway, which connects with every railroad coming into the city. Being also situated 
 on the Blackwell canal, they are equally accessible to the lake or canal. Hence all the 
 shipping advantages of this great lumber market are at hand. 
 
 For the purpose of treating lumber or wood of any kind there are two large steel 
 cylinders, 100 feet each in length by 6J^ feet in diameter. These readily admit of an 
 air pressure of 200 pounds to the square inch, supplied by a large air compressor built 
 by the Ingersoll Kock Drill Co. of New York, the steam cylinders of which are 20 by 
 30 inches, and the air cylinders 18 by 30 inches. Within each of the large steel cylin- 
 ders for treating the wood is over a mile of steam pipe coiled around the inner surface. 
 Two of Moore's patent water-tube boilers, of 100-horse power each, built by the 
 National Water Tube Boiler Works of New Brunswick, N. J., furnish the necessary 
 heat and power. They are tested to carry a pressure of 300 pounds. The air and steam 
 pressure varies for different woods. The works have a capacity of 100,000 feet per 
 day, and it only requires from eight to ten hours to finish any lot. The ordinary 
 pressure required is from 156 to 300 pounds at a temperature of 250 to 500 degrees. 
 
 From scientific tests made at the Stephens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J., 
 by Prof. Thurstone, it appeared that the strength and durability of wood treated by 
 this process was from 20 to 28 per cent, greater than lumber seasoned the ordinary way. 
 Green lumber especially exhibits the best results, as the fluids are coagulated, thus 
 filling up the pores and cementing the fibres together. It will not shrink, swell or 
 checks. Railway ties and heavy construction timbers are treated as successfully as the 
 finest hardwood for finishing purposes. This is a great achievement for the railway 
 interests of the country. For building purposes vulcanized wood is unapproachable. 
 It is used entirely in the magnificent Mutual Life Insurance building ; Park & Tilford's 
 uptown grocery house ; Osborne flats at Fifty- seventh street and Seventeenth avenue, 
 and other noted buildings in New York city. The New York and Brooklyn Elevated 
 railroad and the Erie and New York Central railroads have had vulcanized ties and 
 stringers in use for several years, and they are as perfect as when put down. 
 
 GEORG E MON TAGUE, 
 
 Dealer in All Kinds of Coal, Hard and Soft Wood in Stick, Sawed and 
 Split— Also "Magic Cleaner "—Yard and Office, No. S50 Virginia St.; 
 Branch Office, No. 573 Main St. 
 
 In referring to the local trade in coal and wood we might 
 mention, as one of the oldest dealers, Mr. George Montague, 
 whose ofiSce and yard are located at No. 350 Virginia street. This 
 gentleman has been identified with the business since 1865, and 
 by the judicious manner in which he has conducted it has built 
 up a good trade. The best of facilities are at hand for supplying all 
 demands, especially for family use. Steam furnishes the power 
 used in sawing and splitting the wood by machinery, and large 
 quantities are cut up. A specialty is made of kindling, and the 
 coal handled is always of the best quality. 
 
 Mr. Montague is also the inventor of a cheap and valuable 
 substitute for soap, called the " Magic Cleaner." This valuable 
 compound consists mainly of an extract of the soap plant, com- 
 bined with a few other simple ingredients, each and all of which 
 are of a wholesome and cleanly nature. The offensive matter 
 SOAP PLANT. used more or less in the manufacture of soap in its various 
 
 forms is happily absent from this truly excellent cleanser. It contains no acid, lime 
 or potash, and can be used for cleaning paint, marble, oil cloth, glass, queensware, 
 picture frames, sewing machines, or in fact, anything soiled by oil or grease. For 
 washing clothes it is unsurpassed, as it dispenses to a great degree with the exertion 
 and manual labor which may be said to have always made the washtub the terror of 
 the a,verage housewife. From the variety of uses for which the " Magic Cleaner" is 
 available, it is certainly a most valuable article for the household. It has proved to be 
 of great excellence for shampooing and the bath, and in case of cuts and burns is a 
 safe and sure remedy. The finest fabric is not injured in the least by contact with it, 
 and as a universal cleanser it deserves a prominent place. In addition it is a first-class 
 disinfectant and deodorizer, while the price is within the reach of all, being bat thirty- 
 five cents a gallon. Since its intrnduction "Magic vUaaner" has met with universal 
 favor as its qualities have bdcome itnown, and every lady should give it a trial. 
 
223 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 ROBERT AMBROSE, 
 
 Pisciculturist— Dealer in Building Stone, Groceries, etc.— Cor. Delavan Avenue 
 
 and Avenue A. 
 
 Mr. Robert Ambrose came to BufEalo in the year 1828 at tlie age of two and one- half 
 years, in company with his father and other members of the family. The elder was 
 John A. Ambrose, a native of France, near the city of Strasburg. He settled on a tract 
 of land in what is now the northeastern part of the city. It was then a wilderness, and 
 wild animals were numerous, as were Indians. At that time the village of Buffalo had 
 but sixty-five houses all told, and farming was carried on under difficulties unknown at 
 the present day. 
 
 At the present time Mr. Ambrose resides at the corner of Delavan avenue and 
 Avenue A, in a commodious residence replete with all modern improvements. Here he 
 has for years carried on the grocery business. In addition, the valuable deposits of 
 building stone on the tracts now owned by him have been worked. Sixteen years ago 
 quarrying was begun on the corner of Delavan avenue and Avenue A, and a basin nearly an 
 acre in extent was excavated to a depth of about fourteen feet. At a depth of six feet 
 below the rock surface a stream of pure water was struck which flowed steadily. After 
 the excavation was down to the depth mentioned Mr. Ambrose conceived the idea of 
 transforming the basin into a miniature lake for the breeding and cultivation of fish. 
 Drilling down to a depth of thirty-nine feet below the first vein, an artesian supply of 
 water was struck, and the lake was soon ready. In June, 1885, Mr. Ambrose secured 
 15,000 California mountain trout. From Dr. Bissell, at Washington, nineteen German 
 carp were secured, and from State Fish Commissioner Seth Green an additional supply of 
 three-yearold carp for breeding purposes. Sturgeon, perch, rock bass, bullheads and 
 other varieties have been added, and it is expected that about July of the present year 
 the fishing will be opened to the public. The facilities for casting the fly will be 
 unsurpassed, and lovers of rod and line will have some rare sport. The fish are all doing 
 well, and the spawning facilities are first-class. 
 
 Mr. Ambrose owns three tracts of land, comprising twenty-three acres. It all 
 contains excellent stone deposits, while the soil is unsurpassed for garden purposes. It 
 is conveniently located, near the Belt Line railroad's driving park station. The old log- 
 house still stands on the old homestead, and visitors are always sure of a cordial 
 welcome. They will find Mr. Ambrose a rich mine of interesting and valuable 
 reminiscences, while his fish project is so entirely novel that it cannot prove other than 
 a source of satisfaction to the public and profit to its projector. 
 
 HOLMES & ADAMS, 
 
 Refiners of Petroleum and Paraffine Oils— No. 1070 IDast Seneca St. ; Office, 
 
 No. 47 East Seneca St. ; Boston Office, No. 32 Broad St. 
 
 It is unnecessary to go into an extended disquisition on the subject of petroleum, 
 this substance, its history, products and wonderful influence upon mercantile, manufac- 
 turing and commercial progress during the past twenty-five years being familiar to every 
 intelligent reader who cares to inform himself. In this place we desire simply to make 
 brief mention of one of Buffalo's conspicuous houses engaged in the refining of 
 petroleum and shipment of the product — the firm of Holmes & Adams, established 
 originally by Lootz, Holmes & Adams in 1877, and changed to the present style in 1884 
 by the death of Mr. Lootz. 
 
 The works of this house are located at the junction of Seneca street and the Buffalo 
 Creek railway, and comprises about six and a-half acres of land, upon which are erected 
 all necessary buildings, equipped in the best manner with late improved machinery for 
 the reduction and refining of petroleum and paraffine oils, naphtha, gasoline, etc., and 
 the manufacture of superior grades of illuminants, wax and naphtha for export and 
 home trade. From the first the object of the firm has been to establish for their products 
 a high reputation and to maintain the same by every honorable means, the result being 
 that by constant and watchful supervision, and the introduction of improved processes, 
 they have attained a rare degree of perfection, and their oils are in steadily increasing 
 demand at the highest market figures. 
 
 Both members of the firm are from Boston, and they maintain a branch office at No. 
 33 Broad street, that city. They ship large quantities of high-grade oils to all parts of 
 this country and Europe, andare.enterprisinK and successf ul business men. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OP BUFFALO. 
 
 223 
 
 THE BENNETT AND UNION ELEVATORS. 
 
 D. S. Beanett, Proprietor ; R. M. Oanaoa, Superiateadeat— Bennett Elevator, 
 Corner Water St., Ship Canal and Buffalo River; Union Elevator, Joy- 
 Street and Buffalo River ; Office at Bennett Elevator. 
 
 In the historical and 
 statistical portion of 
 this work will be 
 found a detailed ac- 
 count of the origin of 
 Buffalo's grain trade 
 and elevator interest, 
 and a summary of the 
 progress and develop- 
 ment of these mu- 
 tually dependent in- 
 dustries. In this place 
 we desire simply to 
 describe and detail 
 the careers of two of 
 the most noted of the 
 elevators, viz. : The 
 Bennett and the 
 Union. The former 
 of these was erected 
 in 1862-63, at the in- 
 tersection of Water 
 street, the ship canal 
 and Buffalo river, 
 fronting 150 feet on 
 the latter, with a 
 depth of -98 feet. The 
 bins, of 3,000 to 7,000 
 bushels capacity each , 
 are 52 feet in depth. 
 
 the root being 60 feet above their tops, or 130 feet from the foundations. The bins of 
 the Union elevator, built in 1867, are 52 feet in depth, the edifice being 40 by 54 feet 
 square. An improved dry-kiln of 8,000 bushels daily capacity, and a complete outfit of 
 the best and most ingenious modern machinery, give Mr. Bennett extraordinary facilities 
 for the handling of grain, while the united capacity of the two elevators is about 
 15,000,000 bushels a year. The actual business of both is from 5,000,000 to 8,000,000, 
 and seventy men are employed. 
 
 Mr. D. S. Bennett, the owner, is a native of Onondaga county, and has resided in 
 Buffalo for nearly forty years. He is a public-spirited, liberal gentleman, and has 
 served the people as a State Senator and in the halls o£ Congress. 
 
 Superintendent Cannon, the capable and experienced gentleman who has the practical 
 management of the Bennett and Union elevators, has occupied that position since 1881. 
 
 THE OZARK PLATEAU LAND COMPANY. 
 
 Jevrett M. Richmond, President ; Liucian Haivley, Secretary ; Absalom 
 Nelson, Local Agent in Missouri — Offices, liebanon, Mo., and No. 24 Erie 
 St., Buffalo. 
 
 The Ozark Plateau Land Company was organized and incorporated in December, 
 1883, with a paid-up capital ot $50,000, and owns 150,000 acres of superior f&rming 
 and grazing land in that garden-spot of the Southwest, Southern Central Missouri — an 
 undulating region of forest and prairie, intersected with running streams and numerous 
 living springs of pure water, elevated 1,100 to 1,200 feet above tide-water and 1,000 
 feet above the Mississippi at St. Louis, with a mild and salubrious climate, where deep 
 snows are unknown in winter, and torrid heats in summer; the air dry, pure and 
 bracing, and malaria unheard-of. The average sunshine and rainfall are all that could 
 be expected, forming an average between extremes, so necessary to the successful and 
 
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224 THE INBUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 profitable prosecution of farming operations. Crops seldom fail from either deluge or 
 drought, while the rolling character of the country contributes to its healthfulness, 
 and the beauty of the scenery, embracing every variety of hill and valley, woodland, 
 open vista and shining river, make pleasant places for the homes of virtuous people. 
 
 The soils are among the best and most fertile known, principally magnesian lime- 
 stone, which extend through the counties of Camden, Laclede, Dallas, Webster and 
 others, and are dark in color, warm, light and productive. They produce black and 
 white walnut, post, laurel, black and other oaks, and many trees of smaller growth, 
 and, when cultivated, crops grow luxuriantly with reasonable attention turoughout 
 this favored region, and embiace corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, Irish and sweet potatoes, 
 sorghum and all of the more palatable and useful garden vegetables. Fruits of all 
 kinds, berries and grapes flourish there as well as in any portion of this country, and 
 a ready market is found for all products of farm, garden and vineyard at St. Louis. 
 
 Stock-raising is a leading and profitable industry. Kentucky bluegrass grows 
 luxuriantly, and cattle, sheep, horses and mules thrive and fatten upon it. As a wool- 
 growing country it is equal to the best portions of Ohio, and it is capable of being made 
 one of the richest dairy sections of the Union, the grass, the water, the topography 
 and the climate all favoring that industry. 
 
 The State of Missouri holds vast bodies of school lands, making ample provision for 
 educational advantages, and the school laws, modeled upon those of the older States, 
 are unsurpassed for liberality in this respect. 
 
 The towns in the vicinity of the Ozark Plateau Land Company's lands are : Lebanon, 
 the county seat of Laclede county, 185 miles from St. Louis, on the St. Louis & San 
 Francisco railway, 2,500 inhabitants, bank, two newspapers, several school-houses, high 
 school, five churches, court-house, flouring and saw-mills, factories and numerous dry- 
 goods and grocery stores ; Phillipsburg, Brush Creek, Conway and Niangua, railroad 
 shipping points; Marshfield, county seat of Webster County, 1,400 inhabitants, 217 
 miles from St Louis, on St. Louis & San Francisco railway — much such a place as 
 Lebanon, with equal attractions ; North View, a railroad town, and many smaller 
 Tillages. In short, these lands ofifer inducements to farmers such as are seldom found. 
 Missouri is a rapidly growing State — a high-license State, where the laws are enforced 
 — and the sober-minded, industrious tiller of the soil has opportunities equal to those 
 found in any part of the world. 
 
 The company's lands are offered at very moderate prices, and all who think of 
 investing in Western soil should address the secretary, Mr. Lucian Hawley, No. 24 Erie 
 street, BufEalo, for full particulars, or call upon Mr. Absalom Nelson, local agent at 
 Lebanon, Mo., and inspect the lands and their advantages. 
 
 BUFFALO FELT GOODS CO., 
 
 No8. 119 and 121 Chicago St. 
 
 The manufacture of. felt and felt goods is rapidly advancing to a foremost position 
 among the industries. This material has been found, upon trial, admirably adapted 
 to a variety of purposes to which hitherto cloth and rubber were exclusively applied, 
 as, for instance, the manufacture of snow and water-proof boots and shoes — felt being 
 warmer, more pliable and more absorptive, and consequently more healthful than rub- 
 ber, and in all respects superior to cloth. 
 
 Within the past year Buffalo has seen the establishment within her corporate 
 limits of the first and only felt works in this section of the country — the Bufialo Felt 
 Goods Company's factory at Nos. 119 and 121 Chicago street, of which Messrs. James 
 Kerr and Edward Roos are the proprietors. Mr. Kerr is of Scottish birth, has resided 
 in the United States since 1848, and in BufEalo about a year. He is an experienced 
 woolen mill man. Mr. Roos, who for some years has been engaged in the manufacture 
 of felt in the Dominion, came here in 1885. 
 
 The Buffalo Felt Company's works is the only woolen goods manufactory in Buffalo. 
 The plant embraces a commodious three-story building, 80 by 125 feet, fitted up with a 
 fine equipment of latest improved machinery, specially designed for the production 
 of felt goods of the best quality, and employs some twenty-five or thirty operatives. 
 
 The leading specialty of the house is the manufacture of superior felt boots, for 
 which there is a large and steadily growing demand throughout the North and North- 
 west. These goods are supplied to jobbers and the wholesale trade exclusively, by 
 whom they are furnished to retailers, and by them sold to consumers. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 225 
 
 THE BUFFALO MUTUAL ACCIDENT ASSOCIA- 
 TION. 
 
 "William H. Slocuin, President ; J. "W. Aldrich, Secretary ; Charles A. Orr, 
 Treasurer ; L/eroy Andrus, Attorney ; Joseph Fowler, M. D., Surgeon ; 
 George A. Sanborn, General Manager— Home Office, Room 47 Ohapin 
 Block. 
 
 Disease, accident and death are conditions 
 incident to this stage of existence that are 
 certain to come to us all sooner or later. 
 Against the consequences which would in 
 the natural course ensue to our dependents 
 from our heing overtaken hy prostrating 
 disease, disabling accident or death, various 
 fraternal societies and incorporated com- 
 panies offer protection more or less ample 
 and effective, and it is the plain duty of 
 every respectable man of good habits while 
 in the enjoyment of his faculties, health 
 and strength to avail himself thereof and 
 throw around his loved ones such safe- 
 guards as will secure them from the plnch- 
 ings and temptations of want, in the day 
 when he shall lie broken and helpless upon 
 a bed of suffering, maimed past mending, 
 or under the sod. 
 
 Of all the plans that have ever come to 
 our notice for relieving the woes arising from disease and accident — from which none 
 are exempt — we believe that of " The Buffalo Mutual Accident and Sick Benefit Asso- 
 ciation" is the most perfect, and presents the best claims to the consideration of 
 thinking men and women, combining as it does the most commendable features with 
 the greatest certainty of results. As its name implies, ihis association is conducted 
 upon a purely mutual basis, every member contributing prorata towards the expense, 
 and having a voice in the management. An admission fee of $5, to be paid to the 
 agent, is required from all applicants. The dues are payable monthly as per table,, 
 directly to the home office, unless otherwise provided for, the death indemnity rang- 
 ing from $350 to $5,000, and the weekly indemnity paid varies from $5 to $35, and the 
 cost of the same per month to the member is from 30 cents to $3.50, according to occu- 
 pation and amount insured. Ten per cent, of the monthly dues may be held in reserve 
 until the association begins to pay full death benefits, after which time fifteen per 
 cent, of the monthly calls may be set apart to the reserve fund, together with all the 
 money received from re-instatement of delinquent members, and accrued interest on all 
 investments. This fund will be held in trust for the exclusive benefit of the members, 
 and to be used in case of excessive claims, or in case monthly dues are not sufficient to 
 pay such claims. Sometimes the bulk of several months' losses will fall due in a single 
 month, but by this system payments are so distributed as to avoid making a special 
 assessment upon members in any such month. All surplus thus not used will be reim- 
 bursed to the members in the following manner : At the end of each five years, from 
 January 1, 1887, the association will declare a dividend by setting aside for the use of 
 the then present membership fifty per cent, of the entire reserve fund accumulated up 
 to that date, which amount shall l3e ratably apportioned on the amount of monthly 
 dues paid in by each surviving member in good standing on the books of the associa- 
 tion on December 31st, prior to January 15th, that being the date of making such 
 avards to all members who have paid monthly dues for one year or more. The method 
 to be adopted in the division of this fund will be to issue sciip to each member for a 
 ratable proportion due them. The scrip will be divided into five equal amounts, bear- 
 ing the date of the next ensuing five years. Each amount will be subdivided into 
 twelve coupons that may be used in part payment of the monthly dues during each 
 year for five years after date of coupon. This method guarantees to the members all 
 the advantage of gain realized from the Tontine system of insurance, where the profits 
 and benefits of endowments are obtained. It is the only plan of accidental insurance 
 equalizing the results as between those who live out their full expectation of life and 
 
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226 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 those who prematurely allow their certificates to lapse. The Tontine feature stipulates 
 a period of 5-10-15-20 years, during which all sarpluB interest on reserve funds, 
 arising from deaths or lapses, are placed to the credit and benefit of surviving mem- 
 bers, producing results that can be obtained by no other plan of accident insurance. 
 We confidently believe there is no co-operative association that will insure its mem- 
 bers at so low a cost for each five years as will this association under this method. The 
 certificates of membership are nonforfeitable in two respects : By the above plans in 
 this system of reserve fund a membership becomes nearly self-sustaining after the first 
 five years of membership, because of the yearly dividends accruing from the Tontine 
 fund, as heretofore explained. No extra charge for issuing permit for European travel. 
 Should a member meet with an accident, fatal or totally-disabling him, while engaged 
 temporarily or permanently in any occupation of a more hazardous classification than 
 that under which the member elected to be insured, or approximating thereto, if not 
 mentioned in the association schedule of rates, the principal amount or weekly indem- 
 nity payable shall be suck proportion of the amount therein as the amount paid by the 
 member would insure for under such higher classification. All persons between the 
 ages of 16 and 66, although they are not eligible for life insurance, can enter the acci- 
 dent class. Persons without visible means of support, drunkards, disreputable 
 characters, the deaf^ blind, demented or crippled, are not elijiible to membership. 
 Blank forms of application for membership are furnished, to be filled by the applicant, 
 upon the receipt of which, with an admission fee of $5, a certificate will be issued by 
 the association, as designated in the application. 
 
 The sick benefit feature has been adopted to meet the requirements of artisans, 
 book-keepers, tradesmen, clerks, laborers and others who need a weekly allowance when 
 ill. The plan is a practicable and well approved one, successful with other associa- 
 tions, and calculated to oo much good. 
 
 The ofiicers of the association, named above, are prominent business men, well 
 known to the public. Mr. George A. Sanborn, the manager, has had long experience in 
 both fraternal and regular insurance, and is a thoroughly practical man. 
 
 SCHWARTZ & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Marbleized Slate Mantels, Grates, Fenders, Brass Open 
 Fire-places, Brass Fenders, Andirons, Coal Hods, Fire Sets, etc.— Slate 
 "Work of Every Description— Tiles in all Varieties— Stoves, Kanges, 
 Furnaces, etc.— Factory, Elk St. and N. Y. C. & H. R. Railway ; Sales- 
 rooms, Nos. 89 and 91 Seneca St. 
 
 Progress is the watchword of our time, 
 and few houses have done more to realize 
 it, in its relation to the beautifying of the 
 people's homes, than has that of L. 
 Schwartz & Co., of this city, whose superb 
 works in marbleized slate, brass, tiles and 
 iron are found in the costliest modern resi- 
 dences all over this section of the Union. 
 This now celebrated establishment was 
 founded by Messrs. L. and B. Schwartz in 
 the year 1867, and, owing to the skill and 
 taste displayed, their enterprise has pros- 
 pered from its inception — so much so, 
 indeed, that in order to meet the con- 
 stantly growing demand for their artistic 
 and beautiful work they have been com- 
 pelled to increase their facilities from 
 time to time, until now they find themselves at ihe head of one of the largest indus- 
 tries of the kind in the country, employing some fifty trained workmen and turning 
 out about $100,000 worth of finished goods per annum. Their ware and sales-rooms, 
 Nos. 89 and 91 East Seneca street, occupy the entire building, five stories high, and here 
 may be found at all times the largest, finest and most varied stock (to which additions 
 are constantly being made) of marbleized slate mantels in original and classic design, 
 slate goods generally, plain and glazed vitrified hearth and art tiles, grates, fire-places. 
 
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TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 227 
 
 brass fenders, andirons, fire sets, coal hods, etc., ever submitted to the trade, embrac- 
 ing hundreds of patterns, and the entire range of prices from the cheapest to the most 
 elaborate. 
 
 The' factory at Elk street and the N. Y. C. & H. R. railway is a large, well-lighted 
 building, 83 by 135 feet, fitted up with special reference to the demands of the business 
 to which it is devoted, and contains a fine assemblage of skillful artists and workmen, 
 and a superior equipment of labor-saving devices which enable the house to execute the 
 most extensive and intricate orders promptly and in the best manner. 
 
 The firm have a flourishing trade in their leading specialty of slate mantels through- 
 out the United States, and are, in fact, the largest manufacturers of these goods in this 
 country, filling orders for shipment East, West and South, and to Canada. Their first 
 work of this kind was for the State Insane Asylum, located near this city. Since then 
 they have become famous, and at the late New Orleans Cotton Centennial Exposition 
 they were awarded the highest medal for beauty of design and finish of slate mantels. 
 The firm is composed of live, energetic men, whose purpose it. is to lead all competition 
 in their line, and the trade may rest assured that novelty, taste and beauty, combined 
 with exquisite workmanship, will ever characterize the work of L. Schwartz & Co. 
 Correspondence solicited for all kinds of fire-place goods and slate-work of every 
 description. 
 
 COATSWORTH ELEVATOR, 
 
 Tbomas Coatswortb, Proprietor— Michigan St. and Buffalo River. 
 
 The receipts and shipments of grain at this port during the past year show a grati- 
 fying increase, and notwithstanding the efEorts put forth by rival water and rail routes, 
 the unquestioned supremacy of Balfalo and the Erie canal has been more than sus- 
 tained. During the past year several extensive elevators have been erected, thus 
 adding several million bushels to the elevator capacity of the city. In presenting a 
 detailed account of these in this work we find among the most recent of the new eleva- 
 tor enterprises the Coatsworth, which is in course of completion as this work goes to- 
 press. This elevator, which is the property of Mr. Tbomas Coatsworth, of this city, is 
 located on South Michigan street and Buffalo river, and also adjacent to the Pratt & 
 Wadham slip. A solid foundation has been secured on a base of 3,500 piles. The 
 building is 71 by 160 feet, and will contain 65 bins, each 88 feet in height. As these 
 are 30 feet higher than in any of the other elevators, it will be observed that the 
 Coatsworth will be the tallest elevator in the city. It will have a capacity of 531,000 
 bushels of grain. The cost of the building will be about $350,000. The chimney is 145 
 feet in height. This elevator will receive both from vessels and cars, and will discharge 
 both into canal-boats and cars, as a switch is to be laid connecting with the Buffalo 
 Creek railroad. 
 
 The proprietor of this elevator, Mr. Coatsworth, has been a resident of Buffalo for 
 about sixty years, and during that time he has been prominently identified with the 
 grain interests of the city. 
 
 WILLIA M H. BORK, 
 
 Bookbinder and Blank Book Manufacturer— Nos. 363 and 265 Wasbington 
 
 Street. 
 
 The prominence which Buffalo has gained in most industries has been well earned, 
 and this applies with special force to bookbinding and the manufacture of blank books. 
 Among the houses prominently identified with the business, none occupy a more 
 advanced position than that of William H. Bork. The business was established in 1854, 
 the style of the firm being Nauert, Engel & Co. In 1873 it become Nauert & Bork, and 
 in 1874 W. H. Bork & Co. In 1878 Mr. Bork became the sole proprietor, and has 
 remained bo up to the present. The present location at Nos. 363 and 265 Washington 
 street was occupied on May 1, 1886, and is well equipped for the business. The 
 premises occupied are 33 by 135 feet, and a working force of from twenty to twenty-five 
 hands is employed. About three years ago Mr. Bork began the manufacture of envelopes, 
 making a specialty of chromatic or tint printed envelopes, and all sizes of catalogue 
 envelopes. The bookbinding department is the main feature of the business, and the 
 work turned out is unsurpassed in style and finish. Mr. Bork is a native of Buffalo, 
 and learned the business here. Starting in at the foot of the ladder, he mastered every 
 detail with a degree of tact that counted in his favor. By dint of honest endeavor he ia 
 time succeeded to the house which he entered as an apprentice twenty -four years ago. 
 
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228 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 JACOB JAECKLE, 
 
 Contractor and Builder- 
 
 -Manufacturer of Sash, Blinds, Doors, Frames, etc. 
 —No. 915 Genesee St. 
 
 In treating of the 
 industries of a city 
 like Bufialo in detail, 
 it is a remarkable 
 fact that many of the 
 most extensiv e estab- 
 lishments are located 
 near the outskirts of 
 the city. For instance, 
 on the corner of Gen- 
 esee and Guilford 
 streets, Mr. Jacob 
 Jaeckle carries on a 
 business which em- 
 ploys, dependent on 
 the season, from 80 to 
 100 hands, represent- 
 ing a weekly pay-roll 
 in the neighborhood 
 of $1,000. Such a 
 businesB'is one of the number contributing to make Buffalo what she is to-day. At the 
 location mentioned is a large planing-mill, or, rather, two planing-mills. When Mr. 
 Jaeckle started, in 1878, he began in an humble way. The business grew rapidly, 
 and a couple of years later he added a building two stories high and 70 by about 100 
 feet in area. This, in the course of time, also proved inadequate, and another and 
 larger structure of brick was added. These were fitted up with the best wood-working 
 machinery and the manufacture of everything pertaining to building carried on. On 
 the opposite corner is the lumber-yard, where a large and well-assorted stock is kept. 
 Besides the above establishment, Mr. Jaeckle owns a lumber-yard, covering an area of 
 about four acres of ground, on Genesee street, contiguous to the main line of the New 
 York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, which is known as Jaeckle's hemlock yard, and 
 i iito which runs a switch 525 feet. Here can be found an immense array of hemlock 
 timber and lumber at the lowest market prices. 
 
 As a contractor and builder, Mr. Jaeckle also does a large business. In this depart- 
 ment about fifty men are employed. Among some of the buildings erected in part by 
 this gentleman may be mentioned the High School, Insane Asylum, and others of 
 equal note. As an ijlustration of the rapid expansion of the business, it now represents 
 a capital of $80,000 and the annual business $150,000. The secret of this gentleman's 
 success is largely referable to the fact that his personal supervision has always been 
 given to the business in detail. He is a native of Buffalo and takes a deep interest in 
 everything that pertains to the advancement of the city's interests. It should not be 
 omitted, in conclusion, that on artistic decorative work, either exterior or interior, this 
 establishment cannot be surpassed by any. 
 
 As above stated, Mr. Jacob Jaeckle is a native of Buffalo, where he was born in 1853, 
 and learned his trade here. He has honestly earned the consideration in which he is 
 held in this community, and the reputation he has established for integrity is acknowl- 
 edged by all. We commend Mr. Jaeckle and his enterprise to those of our readers who 
 may be interested, assuring them that business relations once entered upon will prove 
 not only pleasant but profitable. 
 
 EDWARD MOELLER, 
 
 Dealer in First-Class Pianos — Nos. 24 and 26 Chippewa St. 
 
 Mr. Moeller is well known to the entire community, having been for many years a 
 successful and popular teacher of music. He erected the handsome three-story block, 
 the ground floor of which he now occupies, having thrown both store-rooms into one, or 
 rather connected them, last spring, at which time he laid in the largest stock of fine 
 pianos ever brought to this^tj^. and, havmg floor^^ace 60 by 73 feet, he is prepared 
 
 "£0ff 
 
THB INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 239 
 
 with skillful workmen to repair all instruments sent him for that purpose. A hand- 
 some new front adds greatly to the attractiveness of the building. The block itself is a 
 musical center, as a portion of it is occupied by Mr. Rottenbach, the most extensive 
 dealer in music and musical merchandise in Western New York. 
 
 Mr. Moeller handles pianos exclusively, and none but those of the best makers, his 
 stock embracing a superb assortment of grand, square and upright instruments from 
 such renowned manufacturers as Decker Bros., New York ; Henry F. Miller & Sons, 
 Boston ; Kranich & Bach, Kroeger & Sons, Baer Bros., New York ; the Emerson Piano 
 Co., and others. He has a large and growing trade in the city and throughout the ad- 
 joining counties, and his well-earned reputation among musical people is suflScient 
 guarantee of his upright personal and business character. As a matter of accommoda- 
 tion, and to encourage the pursuit of the divine art, Mr. Moeller will sell pianos to 
 responsible buyers on installments, and rent or exchange instruments when requested. 
 
 THE ARLINGTON. 
 
 Opposite New 
 
 Henry A. Roy, Proprietor— Oor. Exchange and Wells Sts., 
 York Central Passenger Depot. 
 
 One of the best appointed hotels 
 in the city of BuflFalo, beyond any 
 question, is The Arlington. Dur- 
 ing the past year the firm of 
 Mullen & Roy took the house in 
 hand and expended several thou- 
 sand dollars in refitting it from top 
 to bottom. The building was en- 
 tirely rejuvenated, and the trans- 
 formation was so complete that it 
 is practically a new building. The 
 floors were newly laid with hard 
 wood, the walls frescoed and pa- 
 pered, and the finest furniture, 
 carpets and interior decorations 
 put in. The house was reopened 
 in June, and immediately became one of the most popular in the city. It is a great 
 favorite with commercial men on account of the superiority of the accommodations and 
 the further fact that the location is the most central and convenient in the city, being 
 immediately opposite the New York Central passenger depot. On the first of September 
 Mr. Mullen retired, and the house is now entirely in the hands of Mr. Roy. 
 
 Henry A. Roy was born in Albany in 1843, and came to Buffalo in 1865. He enlisted 
 in the 177th New York Volunteers in 1862, and served with his regiment in several of 
 the great battles of the late war. After the restoration of peace Mr. Roy went into rail- 
 roading, and his extended acquaintance now redounds to his pecuniary advantage. 
 
 LIGHTN ER & G OETTELJ 
 
 Merchant Tailors— No. 223 Pearl St. 
 
 As Shakspeare says: " The apparel oft proclaims the man," and he who would be 
 regarded as a gentk man will do well to heed the teachings of all time and dress in 
 character. A disregard of appearances is a sure indication of boorishness, and in no 
 way is it more offensively exhibited than in carelessness and slovenliness in matters of 
 attire. The tailor (when he is a good one) is man's best friend, in at least one respect 
 
 he brings out his physical perfections to the best advantage and conceals his 
 
 blemishes as far as may be. 
 
 Prominent among Bufialo's best tailors are Messrs. Lightner & Goettel, No. 233 
 Pearl street, who opened their handsome establishment last summer, and have already 
 secured a large and increasing run of first-class custom. These gentlemen carry a rich 
 line of foreign and domestic suitings, cloths, overcoatings, etc., for the selection of 
 their trade, and both are accomplished cutters of long experience, They employ about 
 twenty journeymen, and expect to do a business of $30,000 for the first year. A visit 
 to their neat and attractive rooms at the above number will prove both pleasant and 
 profitable. 
 
 Mr. Lightner is from Reading, Pa., and. has resided here five years. Mr. Goettel is 
 
 a German, and came to Buifa 
 
230 
 
 THE INDUSTRIEa OF BUFFALO. 
 
 C. p. HAZA RD, 
 
 Wholesale Dealer in Lumber, Shingles, Lath and Fence-Posts — No. 92 
 
 River St. 
 
 The lumber trade of Buffalo is one of its leading commercial interests, and bappily 
 is in the bands of an enterprising, long-headed and liberal class of men who permit on 
 obstacle to withstand their energy or discourage their spirit. Prominent among the 
 leaders stands C. P. Hazard, No. 92 River street, a wide-awake Canadian who came to 
 Buffalo in 1864 and established himself, in partnership with his brother, in the same 
 line of business, about fifteen years ago. Mr. Hazard makes a specialty of Western pine 
 in cargo lots, which he sells to -local dealers or ships to the Eastern cities as required. 
 His yards, bounded by slips Nos. 1 and 3, Erie basin, cover some three to four acres, 
 and are intersected by Palmer slip, which gives him unequaled receiving and shipping 
 facilities, and a storage capacity of some 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 feet. An average of 
 fifty men are employed during the shipping season. The tracks of the New York 
 Central, Michigan Central and Grand Trunk railways skirt the yards, and those roads 
 carry immense quantities of lumber from them to the various markets North and East, 
 the sales averaging 20,000,000 feet per annum, comprising a full line of choice pine 
 lumber, shingles, lath, cedar fence-posts and building material generally. 
 
 Mr. Hazard maintains a first-class planing mill at Rochester, where every description 
 of sash, doors, blinds, shutters, mouldings, etc., are made to order for the trade and pine 
 lumber of all dimensions prepared for the joiner. He is a member of the Buffalo 
 Merchants' Exchange and ranks with the solid business men of the city. 
 
 Mr. D. Y. Leslie is general manager for Mr. Hazard, and is an able and industrious 
 gentleman of fine address, popular with all who come in contact with him. 
 
 Builders, manufacturers, the lumber trade and all who require rough or dressed 
 pine in large quantities will do well to correspond with Mr. Hazard. 
 
 J. W. VICKERS, 
 
 Wholesale Manufacturer of Silk, Stiff and Cassimere Hats— No. 274 Main 
 
 St., corner Swan. 
 
 There are a number of diversified manufacturing interests in this city which, 
 although not conducted on a gigantic scale, yet in the aggregate tend to swell the 
 volume of Buffalo's industrial representation. Among them, for instance, may be 
 classed that of Mr. J. W. Vickers, manufacturer of silk, stiff and cassimere hats' at whole- 
 sale. The location of this enterprise is at No. 274 Main street, corner of Swan, in the 
 building occupied by the United States Express Co. Here superior facilities are had 
 
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THE INDUSTBIEa OF BUFFALO. 
 
 331 
 
 for conducting the business on an extended scale. All the modern appliances known 
 to this time-honoTed craft ard in operation, and a worlcing force of from fifteen to 
 twenty-five hands is employed. The business was established in 1874, the location 
 originally being No. 315 Main street. Mr. Vickera' facilities are such that he has an ex- 
 tended business connection with the trade, not only in this city but throughout the 
 contiguous territory. In the matter of styles, he always keeps up with the latest con- 
 ceits, simultaneous with their appearance in New York. Samples are sent on approval 
 ■when so desired, and no pains are spared to give entire satisfaction. In the matter of 
 furnishing society uniforms, especially for Select Knights A. O. U. W., Mr. Vickera 
 does a great deal of business ; in fact, for society organizations generally, any and all 
 requirements are furnished on the shortest notice. The attention of the trade and all 
 interested parties is directed to the advantages herein set forth. Mr. Vickers will be 
 found honorable and straigUtforward in all his dealings, while the work he turns out 
 complete is one of his best recommendations. 
 
 SHIFFE RENS & SONS, 
 
 Manufacturers of All Kinds of Hand-Made Harness of the Best Oak 
 licather — Nos. 92 and 04 Broadway. 
 
 The City of Buffalo is gaining a great reputation for manufacturing. The extent 
 and variety of the different lines represented is remarkable, as will be found from a 
 glance at the pages of this work on the " Industries of Buffalo." In the manufacture 
 of harness this city is becoming noted for the superiority of the goods turned out 
 and the low prices as well. The house of Messrs. Shifferens & Sons is a pretty good 
 illustration of what is done in this line, and the object of this article Is to show what 
 their work consists of. It has always been a ruling principle of this house since it 
 was established in 1878 to make nothing but good honest harness, of the best material 
 and of the very best workmanship. Then as an extra inducement to purchasers the 
 prices are low, and the result has been, a large trade made up for the outlay. As an 
 example, they turn out a single harness at $6.90 whii-h they claim beats the world, 
 and there is no doubt of it. Every man with a horse has a certain natural pride in 
 having the animal show off to the best advantage, and when a harness can be secured 
 for such a small outlay there is no excuse for driving a shabby- looking outfit. A 
 splendid rubber-trimmed harness is sold at $16, and it is a beauty. Bargains on double 
 harness are as numerous as bees in a clover patch on a July Sunday. Only the best 
 oak leather is used, and there is no discounting the finish, of which it would take their 
 catalogue to describe the different styles. Everything is hand-made, and the most 
 skilled workmen are employed. Their harnesses are being used and handled in almost 
 every State in the Union, including Canada, which speaks for itself. They send har- 
 nesses subject to approval, which goes to show that they do not sell a " cat in a bag," 
 but that they do exactly as they agree. In light double and single harness for buggies, 
 carriages, etc., they are not beaten anywhere. 
 
 The members of the firm are Peter J., William E. and John H. Shifferens. The 
 location was originally on EUicptt streetj^bjit the business required better facilities. 
 
232 
 
 THE INBUaTBIEa OF BUFFALO. 
 
 which have been secured at the present site, Nos. 93 and 94 Broadway, where three 
 well-arranged floors, 30 by 100 feet, are occupied. About thirty hands are employed, 
 and the business amounts to about $40,000 a year. The gentlemen composing the 
 firm are live, enterprising business men, as their record shows. This firm will remove 
 to their new factory. No. 102 Broadway, about May 1, 1887, and will enlarge same to 
 about double its present size and employ from 50 to 100 men, their business having 
 grown so large that the old factory was inadequate to supply the demand. 
 
 JEWETT M. RICHMOND, 
 
 Stock Farm Proprietor and Breeder of Registered Jersey Cattle — Buffalo 
 
 Office, No. 24 Erie St. 
 
 Erie County, N. T., has achieved a national 
 reputation for breeding blooded stock of every 
 description. Among the most noted stock farms 
 worthy of a detailed account in these pages, that 
 of Mr. Jewett M. Richmond is necessarily included. 
 It consists of 200 acres of the most desirable land, 
 lying near the shore of Lake Erie, elaborately im- 
 proved and highly cultivated, with the special 
 object in view of developing the highest qualities 
 of that most valuable and interesting strain of 
 cattle, the Jersey. Mr. Richmond's farm, which 
 he took in hand for the purposes mentioned in 
 1880, is beautifully located one-half mile from 
 West Hamburg, a station on the Lake Shore railroad, about nine miles west of Buffalo. 
 The Nickel-plate and Buffalo & Pittsburg branch of the Buffalo, New York & Phila- 
 delphia railroad also pass through this station, while the Buffalo & Southwestern 
 railroad taps Hamburg station, a distance of two and a half miles from the farm. 
 
 Mr. Richmond has demonstrated that for milk and butter purposes the Jersey is the 
 most prolific and highest in quality of any; that they are full as hardy and stand the 
 rigors of our climate full as well, if not better, than the common cattle of our country. 
 Their availability for the dairy and for farmers located near good butter markets is a 
 matter beyond any cavil or controversy. Then again the cost of feed is an important 
 item decidedly in the Jersey's favor. If the farmers of the country who make a 
 specialty of butter-making, would as a rule use only full-blooded Jersey bulla on their 
 common cattle, they would, greatly enrich the quality of the milk of their cows and 
 the quality of the butter, and insure a certain profit to their business. Never use a 
 grade bull, as a full-blooded animal can now be purchased at a low price, while a grade 
 is not cheap at any price. No farmer who has had experience with a herd of grade jer- 
 seys but will testify to the great improvement over common cows as butter producers. 
 Mr. Richmond's herd at present consists of over fifty head, of which a large number 
 of cows, heifers and bull calves are for sale. They are all solid color with black 
 points. As a rule these animals are all very large for this breed, fully equal to the 
 common cattle of the country, and have been bred especially for their butter qualities. 
 Quite a number of the cows have a record of fourteen pounds and over for a seven 
 days' test, without forced feeding. Among the noted members of the herd there are 
 of the bulls now in use : " Well Done's " Pedro, 15803, dropped April 26, 1885. The 
 dam of this bull, imported Well Done, 25987, has a record of nineteen pounds four 
 ounces^ in a test of seven days, recorded in the second volume of Major Campbell 
 Brown's " Butter Tests of Jersey Cows." This magnificent young animal is a solid 
 bronze fawn and gray, with dark shadings, full black points. Remarkable, 7663, as 
 his name indicates, is an exceptionally fine animal, dropped June 13, 1881 ; solid color, 
 full black points. The dam of this bull, imported Caroline, 12091, has a record of 
 fourteen and a half pounds of butter in seven days in mid- winter, without forcing. 
 This test is recorded in 1st volume of Maj. Campbell Brown's " Tests of Jersey Cows."' 
 No bull has ever been used in this herd but whose dam had a record of fourteen 
 pounds or over in a seven days' test. They have been selected and bred for butter 
 qualities— descendants of and closely related to such noted butter families as St. Hillier, 
 45 ; Alphea, Coomassie, Khedive, Duke, 76 ; Albert, 44 : Pansey, 8 : Rioter, second • 
 EurotuB ; Pedro, 10588, etc. 
 
 Mr. Richmond invites correspondence or a personal visit to this herd, from breeders 
 and others interested. The herdsman will be on hand to show the cattle and give such 
 information as is required. Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
TBE INDUSTB1E8 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 233 
 
 THE SCHOELLKOPF ANILINE AND CHEMICAL 
 
 C OMPAN Y, 
 
 Manufacturers of Goal Tar Dyes— Office and Works, Abbott Koad and 
 
 Buffalo Creek. 
 
 No discovery of the present age has had greater influence upon textile manufactures 
 than that of the chemical properties of coal tar, from which are obtained many of 
 the most brilliant dyes now employed. Not only has this discovery affected benefi- 
 cially the beauty of all goods worn in our time, but the prices have been greatly 
 reduced thereby on all fabrics, and thousands hitherto debarred by want of means from 
 indulging their taste for texture and color are now enabled to revel in all the hues of 
 the rainbow and in the richest weaves, because of the cheapening of materials and 
 processes directly or indirectly brought about as the near or remote consequences of the 
 introduction of aniline dyes. 
 
 The Schoellkopf Aniline and Chemical Company's works for the production of these 
 dyes are the moat extensive of the kind on this continent, and their reputation for high- 
 grade dyes is unsurpassed by that of any similar concern in the world. These works, 
 at the intersection of the Abbott road and Buffalo creek, were erected by Mr. J. F. 
 Schoellkopf, one of Buffalo's most conspicuous citizens and business men, in 1879, and 
 have since been greatly enlarged and improved. The company as it now exists was 
 organized and incorporated in 1881 with a working capital of $150,000 ; J. P. Schoell- 
 kopf, sr., president; J. P. Schoellkopf, Jr., secretary and treasurer; Dr. Koehler, 
 chemist. 'The same gentlemen are members of the board of directors. The elder Mr. 
 Schoellkopf is actively interested in many other important business enterprises — the 
 manufacture of leather, brewing, milling, etc. — is a director of several leading corpora- 
 tions, and a member of all the more prominent German societies. He has resided in 
 Buffalo for fifty years, and has done as much as any other one man toward developing 
 her material interests. 
 
 The aniline and chemical works occupy a most favorable location with reference to 
 the delivery of materials and the shipment of finished products. The plant embraces 
 about six acres of land, upon which have been erected twenty two distinct one, two and 
 three-story substantial brick buildings, equipped in every department with the best and 
 latest improved machinery and apparatus, several powerful steam engines, and every- 
 thing required to render the establishment complete. Eighty men are employed, and 
 wages are paid to the amount of $3,500 monthly. The shipping facilities are all that 
 could be desired, and embrace, besides the Erie canal, which bounds the works on one 
 side, switches and side-tracks from the Lackawanna, Nickel-Plate, and Buffalo Creek 
 railroads, the latter communicating directly with all roads entering the city. The sales, 
 
 15 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
234 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 made principally to the New England cotton, woolen and silk manufacturers, aggregate 
 $500,000 per annum. 
 
 There are many shades of each standard color, as all are aware,"as reds, violets, 
 yellow, orange, browns, scarlets, etc. , and it requires a high degree of skill in chemistry 
 and mechanics to produce these of satisfactory character as regards brilliancy and 
 durability, hence the necessity for employing the best talent procurable. All processes 
 are of course secret, and the company own patents upon most of the colors, not a few of 
 which were devised by their own accomplished chemist, Dr. Koehler. This house 
 manufactures all the colors and shades required by dyers, together with various acids 
 and salts for the trade. 
 
 Mr. Schoellkopf, who has sole management and supervision of the works, is 
 an earnest, practical and thoughtful man, " strictly business" and devoted to his call- 
 ing. Mr. J. F. Schoellkopf, jr., the secretary and treasurer, is also a capable, energetic 
 and pleasant gentleman. 
 
 J. LY TH & SONS, 
 
 Manufacturers of Sewer Pipe, Farm Tiles, Terra Cotta, etc.— No. 48 "West 
 
 Eagle St. 
 ■ •":>)~^ ^^:— ^■- — - The various lines 
 
 -.,.»«--<? -^^^sfe^s&i:?; j-i r- ^1-^-=^ ^ ■/ JQciuied under the 
 
 above caption form 
 an important branch 
 among the industrial 
 resources of Buffalo. 
 Among the twenty- 
 three firms compos- 
 ing the Sewer-Pipe 
 Manufacturers' As- 
 sociation in the 
 United States 
 and Canada, that of 
 Messrs. J. Lyth & 
 Sons occupies a lead- 
 ing position. For this 
 reason a glance at 
 their operations, as 
 showing the position 
 this city occupies in 
 this line, will be ap- 
 propriate. The busi- 
 ness was established 
 in, 1857 by the pres- 
 ent senior member 
 of the house. It has 
 grown to be one of 
 extensive propor- 
 tions, and this house 
 now owns and oper- 
 a t e s the Buffalo 
 Sewer-Pipe Works, 
 located on Puffer 
 street, at Cold 
 Springs, and the 
 Ohio Sewer- Pipe 
 Works, at Wells- 
 ville, Ohio. These 
 employ in the aggre- 
 gate a working force 
 of from 80 to 100 
 men. In conjunction 
 with the manufac- 
 ture of sewer-pipe 
 
 tile. The extent to which the 
 
 attention to the question of proper drainage 
 
 an important feature of the hug^f^e^^jt ^ 
 agricultural community are direcTBng their 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 235 
 
 has created a large demand for this article. In architectural and general terra cotta ware, 
 Messrs. Lyth & Sons make a very artistic and comprehensive showing. In addition to 
 the foregoing, a very attractive line of encaustic tile, enameled brick, hollow brick, chim- 
 ney-tops, flue-pipe, fire-briclc and clay, and kindred lines, are exhibited at the warerooms, 
 No. 48 West Eagle street. The articles enumerated are nearly all indispensable in mod- 
 ern buildings, and are extensively used, especially in fire-proof structures. When it 
 comes to furnishing estimates on sucii work, this house is prepared to offer inducements 
 which cannot be successfully underbid, when the quality and finish of the material fur- 
 nished is considered. Their trade connections extend throughout this State, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Ohio and New England. The individual members of the firm are John, Alfred, 
 John, jr., and William H. Lyth. The house has been so long and favorably known that 
 it is unnecessary to say the gentlemen composing it are A 1 business men in the best 
 sense of the term. Personally they are the embodiment of courteous and straightforward 
 dealing. Mr. Alfred Lyth is a member of the City Council for the Seventh ward, and 
 has made an enviable reputation as an indefatigable servant of the people. His honesty, 
 independence and rigid opposition to "jobbery" in any form have won the unqualified 
 approval of citizens and taxpayers generally. 
 
 J. O. MEYER, MALTSTER. 
 
 Malt-Houses, Corner Eagle and Watson Sts. 
 
 We have had occasion in the preceding pages to refer quite frequently to the malt- 
 ing industry and its relation to the commerce of Buffalo — a relation which is of 
 constantly augmenting importance in view of the fact that no other point in the United 
 States enjoys such advantages in this connection — propinquity to the barley fields of 
 Canada, ample transportation facilities, and an abundance of cheap skilled labor. 
 
 Of the more prominent maltsters here none have a higher or better deserved reputa- 
 tion for quality of product and upright business methods than has Mr. J. 0. Meyer, 
 whose extensive establishment, embracing malt-house and store-house, is conveniently 
 located at the intersection of Eagle and Watson streets. The malt-house proper consists 
 of a substantial two story brick building, 150 by 138 feet in area, the store-house being 
 connected therewith. The equipment is first-class in all respects, embracing all late 
 improvements in machinery, apparatus and appliances, and a working force of eighteen 
 men is steadily employed. The average output for the past eight years has been 
 250,000 bushels per annum, most of which is consumed in the manufacture of lager 
 beer in this city and New York, though considerable shipments are made at times to 
 various points in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri and other States. It is hardly necessary 
 to state that the malt made at Mr. Meyer's establishment is invariably of the highest 
 grade and a favorite with brewers. 
 
 Mr. Meyer is a native Buffalonian and a self-made man in the best sense of the term. 
 Previous to 1861 he was engaged in the lumber trade. At the outbreak of the rebellion 
 he abandoned his business, entered the naval service and served faithfully for two 
 years, when he was honorably discharged. Coming home to Buffalo with $90 in his 
 pocket, he commenced the handling of flour and grain on a modest scale on Washington 
 street. By the exercise of unflagging industry and close atttention to business he 
 prospered, so much so that at the end of seven years he had accumulated sufficient 
 capital to engage in his present calling. By slow degress he has built up his present 
 large and growing trade, and has a right to feel proud of his honorable and successful 
 
 QUEEN CITY STEAM LAUNDRY. 
 
 E. D. W^illsey, Proprietor— Nos. 487 and 489 Washington St., Tifft House 
 
 Block. 
 
 Buffalo has plenty of laundries of every class, from the dingy Chinese washee- 
 washee shop to the elegantly appointed establishment employing a powerful steam 
 engine to operate the machinery, and a corps of bright-eyed, cherry-lipped girls to 
 attend the same and wait upon customers. Of the latter class is the Queen City Laun- 
 dry, Nos. 487 and 489 Washington street, Tifft House block. The proprietor is Mr. A. 
 M." Willsey, formerly of Albany, who has been connected with the laundry business 
 since 1879, having opened this establishment at Nos. 98 and 100 Pearl street in that year, 
 under the name and style of E. V. Willsey & Co. The change of base and name was 
 
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236 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 made in 1885. Mr. E. D. Willsey is general manager — a position for which his long 
 and close connection ■with the business particularly fits him. 
 
 The Queen City Laundry occupies the entire ground iioor at tlie above numbers, 53 
 feet front by 115 feet deep, and is fitted up in the best manner for the prosecution of 
 the laundry business on a ]arge scale, last year's receipts footing up $35,000, and the 
 prospect being that those figures will be largely exceeded this year. Forty men and 
 women are regularly employed, and the work done is of the best quality, people all over 
 the city and in the surrounding country sending their more particular work, including 
 shirts, collars, cufEs, etc., to this justly famous laaudry. None but the best of washing 
 and ironing is done, and patrons can depend upon promptitude and the utmost care in 
 the execution of orders. 
 
 SCHAEFER & BRO. 
 
 Maltsters — Commission Merchants — Importers of and Wholesale Dealers 
 in Canada, Western and New York State Barley — Malt-House, Seventh 
 and Jersey Sts.— Office, No. 178 Main St. 
 
 The firm of Schaefer & Bro. have been making malt and handling barley on this 
 market for well-nigh twenty-four years, and have a most enviable reputation at home 
 and abroad for square and liberal dealing, fine business capacity, great energy and enter- 
 prise, their operations extending throughout the Eastern States. Their fine malt-house 
 at the corner of Seventh and Jersey streets is one of the most complete in the country, 
 embracing all modern improvements of equipment and under the supervision of a com- 
 petent and experienced maltster, the output averaging about 150,000 bushels per annum. 
 'The firm are also leading importers, commission merchants and wholesale dealers in 
 barley, Canadian, Western and New York State, of which they handle several hundred 
 thousand bushels annually. Their grand specialty, however, is choice Canada barley 
 malt, in the manufacture of which they excel, and have a ready tale for all they can 
 produce, brewers holding their malt in the highest esteem. 
 
 Messrs. Gustavus A. and Henry L. Schaefer are natives of Germany, coming to the 
 United States in childhood. They have resided in Buffalo for forty-five years, and are 
 among her best and most respected citizens. For some years they were interested in 
 the manufacture of vinegar at Tonawanda. Their handsome office on the second floor 
 of No. 185 Main street, northwest corner of Exchange, is one of the most convenient 
 and commodious in the city and the scene of many heavy transactions in barley and 
 malt. 
 
 ZINK & HATCH, 
 
 Keal Estate Brokers and Agents— Corner Franklin and Eagle Sts., Austin 
 Building, Opposite City Hall. 
 
 One of the surest indications of a city's progress or retrogression (for to stand still 
 is impossible) may be found in the activity or inactivity of the real estate market, and 
 unquestionably the proper place to make inquiry on this head is at the offices of 
 the real estate agents and dealers. In Buffalo, at least, all of this class of business men 
 in good standing are doing a flourishing and profitable business— none of them being 
 more actively and incessantly engaged in the care and transfer of property than are 
 Messrs. Zink & Hatch, the famous firm of real estate brokers in the Austin block, 
 corner of Franklin and Eagle streets. This house, composed of Messrs. Henry Zink 
 and A. G. Hatch, experienced and capable gentlemen, was established in 1870 by the 
 senior member, Mr. Hatch being admitted ten or eleven years ago. Their office was 
 formerly located at Niagara and Pearl streets, removing to the Austin building in 1880, 
 where they have commodious, convenient and handsomely appointed accommodations', 
 and are doing a successful and fast augmenting business in the purchase and sale of 
 property, the collection of rents, as agents for the non-resident owners of land, the pay- 
 ment of taxes, the furnishing of abstracts of title, and the negotiation of stocks, bonds, 
 mortgages, government securities and commercial paper. 
 
 The firm is thoroughly reliable and responsible. Mr. Zink was born in this county 
 in 1848, and has been handling real estate in this city and vicinity since arriving at 
 manhood. Mr. Hatch is a native of Buffalo, forty-two years of age, and has pursued 
 his present avocation for ten or eleven years. He was formerly a leather manufacturer. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OS BUFFALO. 237 
 
 E. B. WILBER & CO., 
 
 Grain Commission. Merchants— Room 49 Merchants Exchange. 
 
 The senior member of this firm, Mr. E. B. Wilber, was for some eighteen years a 
 prominent railroad man, retiring about 3868 to enter the grain irade, which he has con- 
 tinued to prosecute. Mr. Henry F. Bagnall, his associate, an expert accountant, formerly 
 employed in the Buffalo city and Erie county offices, joined Mr. Wilber six years 
 ago, and his previous accurate business training and experience has proved of great 
 value in his present calling. Both of these gentlemen are natives of Buffalo, and 
 liberal, public-spirited citizens. 
 
 Their commodious and handsomely-appointed office in room 49 Merchants' Ex- 
 change, first occupied in 1882, is one of the most convenient for the purpose that could 
 have been selected, and fitted up with every facility for the rapid and satisfactory 
 transaction of business. The firm handle immense quantities of grain of all kinds — 
 wheat, barley, oats, corn, etc. — and are large receivers of Western grain for shipment to 
 the seaboard by canal, dealing extensively in the markets of New York and New 
 England as well as at home. Close personal attention is given to all orders entrusted to 
 the firm, either for buying or selling. 
 
 BUFFALO NOVEL TY WO OD-TURNING CO. 
 
 C. p. Schell, Jr., H. M. Bardol— Manufacturers of Dowels, Broom Handles, 
 and Every Description of Tiirned Wooden Goods— Office, No. 602 
 Broadway. 
 
 Conspicuous among the more recently established and prosperous manufacturing 
 enterprises of Buffalo is the Buffalo Novelty Wood-Turning Company, whose office is 
 located at No. 602 Broadway. This company was founded about a year ago by Messrs. 
 C. F. Schell, jr., and H. M. Bardol. who continue to direct its operations in a capable 
 and successful manner. 
 
 The buildings (some already completed others being erected) comprise, besides a 
 convenient office, several handsome buildings sufficiently scattered to largely decrease 
 the danger from fire. This is the situation at our time of going to press. At one 
 corner of the premises are the turning and finishing shops, and the shed for dressed 
 lumber occupies the front, at a short distance from the street, while the office stands 
 flush with the sidewalk. Here may be found one of the proprietors and several assist- 
 ants, book-keeper, clerk, etc., during business hours. 
 
 The turning shop, 40 by 60 feet, is one of the most complete and ingeniously 
 arranged in the world, provided with the latest devices in automatic machinery, and 
 capable of turning out a vast quantity of superior goods, such as dowels, broom, mop 
 and tool handles, base-knobs, novelties of all kinds, and every description of light 
 turned work in wood. A specialty is made of making to order, in quantities to suit, 
 new forms of useful and ornamental conceits, and inventors or originators will find 
 here every facility for producing their goods, either for experiment or to meet an 
 already established demand. The company itself handles many desirable patented 
 articles, thus furnishing agents with light, respectable and lucrative employment, 
 among their goods the patent " Boss " cake, biscuit and doughnut cutter and 
 '"Handy" toilet case being specially popular. A great deal of job turning is done 
 here ; all that is required is the model, and the order will be filled promptly and 
 s Sili i s f £1 ct o ri 1 7 
 
 The Buffalo Novelty Wood-Turning Company supplies a long-felt and urgent want 
 in this line of mechanical enterprise, and it is pleasant to know that it is already appre- 
 ciated and largely patronized, the sales extending to all portions of the United States. 
 The proprietors are wide-awake, enterprising, energetic and industrious men. In a 
 recent circular to the trade they say : 
 
 " We would call your attention to the new novel article in the line of housefurnish- 
 ing goods. It is called the Handy toilet-case, a combination comb case, match-safe, 
 pin-cushion and looking-glass, made of Iron, handsomely nickel, bronze and brass- 
 plated, very attractive, and sells at sight. We are;offering them to the trade at very 
 moderate prices in order to introd uce the same. Send for prices. A nickel sample sent 
 to any part of the United States for $1. We are also making the ' Boss cake cutter.' 
 It has a wood top and is very neat. It is the best-selling five-cent article in the market. 
 Packed two dozen to a box, thirty-six and seventy-two dozen to a case. Sample sent for 
 ten cents in stamps. Send io^^^^r^ ^^ Microsoft® 
 
238 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Diii^z%<rBmorosms'-^ 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 239 
 
 THE R. W. BELL MANUFACTURING CO. 
 
 George H. Bell, President; Hector DeCastro, Vice-Presideut ; Edwin A. 
 Bell, Secretary and Treasurer— Manufacturers of Toilet and Laundry 
 Soaps, Soap Powder and Sal Soda— Nos. 77 to 89 Washington St. 
 
 
 .y\ BELi_,'^^'=y' 
 
 "Cleanliness is next to godliness," says the inspired writer. Personal purity is the 
 highest evidence of advanced civilization. Neatness is the watchword of progress, and 
 soap is its emblem. Yet there are soaps and soaps. Not a few of the compounds sold 
 under that name are infinitely more vile and loathsome than the dirt they are ostensibly 
 made to remove, frequently causing troublesome diseases of the skin, and even blood- 
 poisoning. The consumer cannot, therefore, exercise too great caution in this respect, 
 or be too suspicious of the saponaceous preparations of the cheaper sort offered by 
 family grocers and others whose only object is the realization of large profits without 
 regard to consequences as they affect their customers. 
 
 Adulteration and debasement of quality has of late years reached the point from 
 which a rebound became natural and necessary, and with the inauguration of reform 
 those manufacturers who had steadily refused to join in the "swim" and produce 
 worthless and disgusting trash began to reap their reward, the result being that fine 
 goods are in unprecedented and rapidly increasing demand and the conscientious and 
 high-toned manufacturer's soap is more popular among consumers than at any previous 
 time. 
 
 Among the most extensive and famous establishments of this kind in the world, 
 standing a head and shoulders above all local competitors and with a reputation broad 
 as the continent, is that of the R. W. Bell Manufacturing Company, Nos. 77 to 89 
 Washington street, Nos. 8 to 20 Beaver street, Nos. 270 to 380 Perry street, and Nos. 233 
 to 341 Chicago street, Buffalo. The house was founded in February, 1865, by Messrs. 
 R. W. and George H. Bell, who began operations on a comparatively small scale on 
 State street, producing superior grades of toilet and laundry soaps. Their factory was 
 destroyed by fire in 1873, and steps were immediately taken for the erection of the pres- 
 
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340 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 ent large and commodious works on WasMngton street, in the construction of which 
 neither labor nor expense were spared to render it one of the most complete of the kind 
 ever built. Extensive improvements and a considerable enlargement were made in 
 1877, the factory at present being 4 stories in height, 180 feet front and 146 feet in 
 depth. Avast number of male and female operatives find here steady and remunerative 
 employment, the output reaches several hundred thousand dollars in value annually and 
 is steadily augmenting in volume, and a small army of commercial travelers represent 
 the houses all over the United States, the Canadas, Mexico and Central and South 
 America. 
 
 lis The offices of the company are pleasantly located and conveniently arranged on the 
 first floor of the building, the counting-room fronting on Washington street, the cash- 
 ier, bookkeepers and clerks having their desks behind light railings. At the left of the 
 main enlrxnce is the private office of President George H. Bell, an amiable gentleman 
 in the prime of life, aged forty-four. Beyond and adjoining is the large and elegant 
 office of Secretary and Treasurer Edwin A. Bell, and in the rear, separated from the 
 main office, is the private sanctum of Mr. J. D. Henderson, superintendent of advertis- 
 ing — a position which is no sinecure, since the company are strong believers in and 
 patrons of printers' ink. 
 
 September 24, 1879, Mr. R. W. Bell died, leaving vacant his place as head of the 
 original firm. Mr. George H. Bell continued the business under the old name and style 
 until 1880, when Mr. Edwin A. Bell was admitted. In 1883 the style was changed to 
 the R. W. Bell Manufacturing Company, with the officers above named. In June, 1885, 
 the soap manufacturing plant of H. Thompson, corner of Perry and Chicago streets, was 
 ]iurchased, and has been run to its full capacity ever since. 
 
 The company maintain a branch house at Nos. 46 and 48 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 
 under charge of Mr. B. O. Van Bokkelen, who has demonstrated his fitness for the place 
 by building up a large and growing trade. 
 
 HAZARD &. AREND, 
 
 Manufacturers of All Kiiids of Dressed lirnnljer, Doors, Sash, Blinds, etc. — 
 Dealers in Pine and Hemlock Lumber, Sliingles, Liath and IT'ence Posts — 
 Nos. 372 to 382 Massachusetts St. 
 
 Buffalo, by reason of her peculiarly eligible location at the foot of navigation on the 
 great American lakes, is naturally the outlet through which the great volume of North- 
 western lumber seeks a market in the East. Naturally, too, Bufialo is a superior point 
 for the establishment of planing mills and factories for preparing lumber for the use 
 of joiners and carpenters nearer the seaboard and for the manufacture of a variety of 
 essentials to building, sucli as doors, sash, blinds, shutters, mouldings and other items 
 that go to the completion and finish of houses large and small; hence the stranger 
 within her gates will be struck by the number and magnitude of these mills and 
 factories. 
 
 One of the latest and most promising ventures of this kind is the new firm of Hazard, 
 Arend & Co., organized in the spring of 1886, and changed to Hazard & Arend in 
 December, 1886. This establishment is known as the Queen City Planing Mill, Nos. 
 373 to 383 Massachusetts street — one of the finest and completest plants of the kind in 
 the country, comprising a mill 56 by 145 feet, two stories high, with boiler and engine- 
 room 83 by 33 feet attached. A wing 40 by 86 feet and shaving room 16 by 33 feet have 
 been added since the firm name changed. A full complement of first-class machinery 
 and some fifty men are employed, and the capacity is about $300,000 worth per annum 
 of finished work. As yet, of course, most of Messrs. Hazard & Arend's patronage 
 comes from the builders of Buffia.lo and vicinity, but they aspire to extend their con- 
 nection all over the Eastern and Middle States, and if superior work and moderate 
 prices can accomplish it they will succeed. They manufacture every description of 
 plain and decorative inside finish, and, having unusual advantages in the matter of 
 practically unlimited supplies of the best lumber and command of the best mechanical 
 skill, they are prepared to offer excellent inducements to buyers of doors, sash, blinds, 
 mouldings, etc., as well as rough and dressed lumber. 
 
 The members of the firm are W. B. Hazard and Fred. Arend. Mr. Hazard is a native 
 of Prince Edward county, Canada ; he came to this city in 1870, and, besides his con- 
 nection with the house now under consideration, is a prosperous lumber and real estate 
 dealer, buying land and building houses for sale. Mr. Arend is a German and has re- 
 sided here for many years. He has been connected with planing mills since boyhood . 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 241 
 
 UNION BRIDGE COMPANY, 
 
 Buffalo, N 
 
 Civil Engineers and Constructors of Bridges— Works, Athens, Pa., and 
 " Y.— New York Office, No. 18 Broadway. 
 
 The Union Bridge Com- 
 pany is tbe outcome of a 
 consolidation of four leading 
 American companies, viz. : 
 The Central Bridge Co., of 
 Buffalo, composed of Gen. 
 Geo. S. Field and Mr. Edmund 
 Hayes ; Kellogg and Maurice, 
 of Athens, Pa. ; Thomas C. 
 Clark, of Clark, Reeves & 
 Co., Philadelphia, and Chas. 
 Macdonald, of the Delaware 
 Bridge Company, New York. 
 The works of the new com- 
 pany comprise those of the 
 late firm of Kellogg & Mau- 
 rice, at Athens, Pa., capacity 
 14,000 tons, and those of the 
 late Central Bridge Works, 
 Buffalo, capacity 13,000 tons. 
 The combination was formed 
 in 1884, making the most ex- 
 tensive and most powerful 
 bridge-building firm in Amer- 
 ica, the works being double 
 the capacity of any other. 
 The Buffalo shops and ap- 
 purtenances cover six or 
 j eight acres of ground at the 
 ' foot of Hamburg street, ad- 
 joining the Union Iron Com- 
 pany's rolling-mill and blast 
 furnaces, convenient to rail- 
 ways, lake and canal, switches 
 connecting with every rail- 
 road entering the city, and 
 about a mile of tracks in 
 their own yards furnishing 
 every facility for the receipt 
 of material and the ship- 
 ment of finished work. The 
 equipment of machinery and 
 appliances is, of course, com- 
 plete and on the most liberal 
 scale, and a force of 200 
 skilled and well-paid me- 
 chanics find steady employ- 
 ment the year round. In all, 
 here, at Athens and in the 
 field, the Union Bridge Com- 
 pany employs about 1,200 
 men at all seasons. 
 
 The operations of the com- 
 pany extend throughout the 
 United States, and even to 
 foreign lands. At this time 
 they are building an immense 
 bridge at Hawksbury, New 
 South Wales, the contract 
 for which was awarded them 
 in open competition with the 
 
 ifigrtfie¥bi/mMsoft® 
 
243 TEE INDUSTRIES OV BUFFALO. 
 
 most celebrated bridge-builders of England, France and Germany, and aggregates 
 $2,000,000. They have also in course of construction across the Hudson river at 
 Poughkeepsie an immense viaduct, which, when completed, will be one of the most 
 important and costly in this country. It is a double-track railway bridge of five spans 
 — two of 550 feet and three of 525 feet, besides 3,000 feet of trestle- work approaches — 
 and is at the center 313 feet above low water-mark. This company has the contract for 
 the entire work, foundations, masonry and superstructure. The company is also doing 
 much work for the Canadian Pacific railway, and has contracts for bridges to be erected 
 on the lines of nearly all American, Canadian, South American, Australian and Japanese 
 railways. The magnificent cantilever bridge at Niagara Falls, built for the Michigan 
 Central Railroad, is a specimen of their work. 
 
 The employment of steel in bridge construction is becoming more and more popular 
 as the superiority of that material is demonstrated, and the Buffalo shops are specially 
 fitted up with a first-class plant to meet this growing demand. 
 
 Messrs. Clark and Macdonald have charge of the New York office of the company. 
 No. 18 Broadway. Messrs. Kellogg and Maurice direct operations at Athens, Pa., and 
 Gen. Field and Mr. Hayes manage the Buffalo branch. All of these gentlemen are first- 
 class engineers and eminent business men. 
 
 B. B. HAMILTON & CO., 
 
 Dealers and Brokers in Real Estate— Buffalo Property a Specialty — No. 20 
 
 "West Swan St. 
 
 The great value of this work, as its title in a measure suggests, will be in present- 
 ing the material advantages of the city of Buffalo in detail as found at the present 
 time. The fact that the city has nearly doubled in population during the past ten 
 years, and is now oile of the great railway centers, as well as controlling the commerce 
 of the great lakes through the Erie canal, will in a measure indicate the material at 
 hand and used in the preparation of this volume. As a manufacturing center, while 
 Buffalo now takes a prominent position, yet when the fact is considered that the 
 greatest water-power in the world — the Niagara river — right at her door, is as yet to be 
 utilized, an idea can be formed of this city's future. That she is destined to be the 
 greatest manufacturing center in this country, if not in the world, is no Utopian 
 vision. Modern inventive genius will not long permit thi§ great water-power to run 
 to waste. 
 
 With the rapid increase in population and new enterprises of all kinds, real estate 
 in and adjacent to the city has felt the effect of Buffalo's boom. This old reliable 
 barometer of the business situation and standard of values has displayed remarkable 
 activity, especially within the past year. There never was such a movement in the 
 city's history on the part of the laboring classes to secure homes. Consequently the 
 suburban sections are being built up at a rate which has astonished the old-timers. 
 Within a quite recent period East Buffalo has undergone a transformation scene, and 
 now Black Rock and vicinity are having a similar experience. Manufacturing and 
 other enterprises, gigantic and otherwise, are springing into existence, and real estate 
 for building purposes along the Belt Line railroad is being passed around like cider at a 
 country wedding. 
 
 Mr. B. B. Hamilton, of the real estate firm of Hamilton & Co., a shrewd business 
 man, enterprising and inclined to discount coming events on his own judgment, was 
 requested to give an opinion on the prospects of the real estate market in Buffalo. 
 Said he : " There was only once in the city's history when there was what might be 
 called a genuine boom in real estate. After being incorporated, April 30, 1833, with 
 five wards and a population of 10,000, the town grasped the situation and took a proper 
 send-off. During the next three years the population doubled, and there was, to put it 
 mildly, considerable activity about the place. At the time of the financial crash of 1837 
 real estate values had reached a point which in some sections of the city have never 
 been touched since. I don't look for a repetition of that boom in 1887 — fifty years 
 later — but I must say real estate is pretty active. But it is on a sound basis. The city 
 is growing so rapidly that real estate of any kind almost is a good thing to own, and 
 sure to advance. Outside capital, which is coming in pretty rapidly, seems to have dis- 
 covered this fact, while some of Buffalo's sleepy old money-bags are looking askance 
 and wonder what it all means." 
 
 During the past year Mr. Hamilton sold the Villa Park property, a tract of 185 acres 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 243 
 
 located between Hertel avenue, the city line, and Delaware avenue and Main street, for 
 $185,000. It is now held by a company, and being placed on the market for building 
 purposes. This is one of a number of similar transactions in which Mr. Hamilton has 
 figured. This gentleman, who was born in Buffalo in 1842, is probably as good a judge 
 of the future of real estate in this city as any man living. His long experience in the 
 banking business afforded the best opportunities in this direction. He first went with 
 the International Bank in 1854, and remained until 1802, when he resigned as teller to 
 enter the army. After his discharge Mr. Hamilton was two years in Chicago. Return- 
 ing to^Buffalo, he entered White's Bank, and remained there until the Third National 
 was organized. In 1881 he was appointed cashier, and held that office three years, 
 retiring to go in the real estate business. In the latter capacity Mr. Hamilton has had 
 the success which his abilities were bound to command. His operations are on a large 
 scale and backed by ample capital. As brokers, or agents for non-residents, this firm 
 is competent and reliable. Abstracts of title and tax searches are furnished on short 
 not'ce. 
 
 The other member of the firm, Mr. L. A. Smallwood, is in charge of the oflSce, No. 
 20 West Swan street. He is the right man for the place. 
 
 LOUIS GOLD STEIN. 
 
 Dealer in Boots and Shoes— No. 150 Broadway. 
 
 Among the new enterprises established with the opening of 1887, that handsome 
 boot and shoe house of Mr. Louis Goldstein, No. 150 Broadway, is worthy of note, 
 occupying as it does a fine four-story brick building, the premises being 30 feet front by 
 114 feet deep, and the store occupying the entire ground floor, displaying a very large, 
 carefully selected, new and fresh stock of the best goods in all departments for men's, 
 women's, boys', misses' and children's wear. The interior arrangements are all that 
 could be desired for comfort and convenience, and when it is added that rock bottom 
 prices will prevail in all departments, together with politeness and prompt attention to 
 the wants of the public, it is reasonable to predict that Mr. Goldstein will score a great 
 success from the start, and eventually build up an immense trade in that prosperous 
 section of the city. The opening will occur March 26th, and those interested in the 
 business development of the city, or in search of bargains, will do well to attend. 
 
 Mr. Goldstein has for some years been engaged in the manufacture of furniture, 
 picture frames, etc., and in the restaurant and saloon business. He is a well-known and 
 popular citizen, liberal and enterprising, owns the property he occupies, pays no rent, 
 and will share that and other advantages with his trade. 
 
 Mr. G. is recognized as a solid and well-balanced business man, and enjoys the 
 respect of his fellow-men, both in a business and social point of view. 
 
 WILLI AM S. BULL, 
 
 Paper Manufacturers' Agent — Nos. 84 and 86 Lloyd St. 
 
 The paper trade affects the comfort and pleasure of the general public as nearly, 
 perhaps, as any other — it certainly has a more direct bearing upon the diffusion of in- 
 telligence than any other from the fact that it is the medium universally employed to 
 convey expressed thought, whether written or printed. 
 
 One of Buffalo's most promising and useful business enterprises is the comparatively 
 new but already popular and successful paper house of Mr. William S. Bull, Nog. 84 
 and 86 Lloyd street, established in 1883. It is a handsome four-story building, 50 feet 
 front by 75 feet deep, and is stocked in every department with a large and varied line of 
 superior book, news, writing and wrapping papers from the most celebrated Eastern 
 makers, for whom Mr. Bull is manufacturers' agent. During the past year over $100,000 
 worth of these goods were supplied to the local trade through this house, and it is 
 confidently expected that the present year's sales will exceed $150,000, and when Mr. 
 Bull's experience and wide acquaintance and the character of his goods is taken into 
 consideration this calculation does not appear extravagant. For over twenty-one years 
 past he has been intimately and actively engaged in the paper trade, is a native of Buf- 
 falo, energetic, industrious and of pleasing address, and cannot fail to prosper in his 
 present enterprise. He sells from the mills direct, and is prepared to fill orders to any 
 extent, promptly and in the most satisfactory manner, at as low rates as can be offered 
 by the manufacturers themselves. 
 
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344 THE INDUSTRIES OB' BUFFALO. 
 
 McNEIL & KURTZ, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hemlock liumber, Lath., Shingles and 
 Wood — Yard, corner Lord and South Division Sts. ; Office, Room 36, 
 Coal and Iron Exchange, No. 257 Washington St. 
 
 There ia a very strong demand in this market for the better grades of hemlock 
 lumber, lath, shingles, etc., and the object of the firm named above is to aid in meeting 
 the requirements of the trade. The house was established in 1877 by Mr. Peter 
 McNeil, who admitted Mr. W. H. Kurtz in January, 1885. The yard, at the corner of 
 Lord and South Division streets, comprises about an acre of land, with a storage 
 capacity of from 10,000,000 to 15,000,000 feet, and is provided with a switch connecting 
 with the various railroads, and all necessary facilities for the transaction of business on 
 a large scale, the annual saies averaging $135,000. The leading specialty is hemlock 
 lumber of all dimensions, of which the firm handles immense quantities, besides 
 thousands of car-loads of lath, shingles, firewood, etc., most of their commodities being 
 sold to local buyers and consumers. 
 
 Mr. McNeil is president of the Seneca Street and Franklin Way Stage Company, and 
 was one of the originators of the Buffalo Herdic Company. He is also a member of the 
 Allegheny Lumber Company. 
 
 This is Mr. Kurtz' first business venture, and he gives it his undivided personal 
 attention. 
 
 C. D. ZIMMERMAN & CO., 
 
 Dealers in Flour, Feed, Coal and Wood— Office, No. 50 AVest Eagle St.— 
 Yards, No. 252 Maryland St. 
 
 The firm of C. D. Zimmerman & Co., composed of C. D. Zimmerpian and B. D. 
 Cursons, was organized in 1883. The house which they conduct dates back to 1840, 
 and was begun by Michael Messmer, who was succeeded in 1872 by Frank Noell. 
 Messrs. Zimmerman & Co. are wholesale and retail dealers in flour, feed, coal and wood. 
 Their transactions are large, aggregating $40,000 annually. The firm are wholesale 
 agents for the product of the Franklin flour mills at Lockport, and also for the New 
 York Health Fruit Company's goods. In this department of the business the trade 
 extends throughout Western New York and to portions of Pennsylvania and Ohio. The 
 wood and coal branch was established in 1856, and since then it has grown to extensive 
 proportions. The yards at No. 252 Maryland street are well arranged for the handling 
 of stock, and are also quite commodious. A very extensive feature of the operations of 
 the firm is included under the head of street sprinkling. In addition, a boarding stable 
 is conducted on Franklin street, opposite the City Hall. 
 
 Mr. Zimmerman is a native of Pine Hill, this county, and was formerly one of the 
 proprietors of the Pine Hill nurseries. He was also in charge of the Ohio State Agri- 
 cultural Farm at Lancaster for two years, after which he returned to Buffalo. 
 
 Mr. Cursons is a native of Buffalo, having been born opposite where the High School 
 building now stands. For more than thirty years he has been in the street-sprinkling 
 business. Both members of the firm are thorough-going business men, and have the 
 happy faculty of retaining and constantly adding to their circle of customers. 
 
 GEOR GE MA CNOE. 
 
 Official Stenographer of .the Superior Court — Office, 21 Chapin Block. 
 
 Among the leading representatives of the profession we find Mr. George Macnoe, 
 official stenographer for the Superior Court. He has also a large share of general re- 
 porting work in this and other places, and the accuracy of his work, and the prompt- 
 ness with which it has been furnished, has very often been suitably recognized. Mr. 
 Macnoe has been a resident of Buffalo over thirty years. He was a student of the inven- 
 tor of phonography, Mr. Pitman, and for some time followed the profession of sten- 
 ographic reporter for the press. 
 
 During the past four years Mr. • T. D. Macnoe has been identified with the busi- 
 ness, having charge of the ofiiceand outside work. He is official stenographer for the 
 grand juries of Erie county, and he has the reputation of being one of the brightest 
 of the rising young -«-l^-5gy^^|§^gf;feoSO/?® 
 
TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 345 
 
 FLINT & KENT, 
 
 Wholesale Jobbers and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods, Notious, etc.— Nos. 261 
 Main and 268 "Wasliington Sis. 
 
 The metropolitan character of Buffalo is in nothing more apparent than in the volume 
 of her dry goods trade, hoth wholesale and retail, which foots up many millions of 
 dollars annually. Some pf the finest fortunes ever made here were amassed in this 
 branch of business, and, judging from the activity apparent in the trade, other hand- 
 some fortunes are in process of acquisition by the same means. 
 
 One of the oldest and most reputable of the Queen City's great dry goods houses is 
 that of Flint and Kent, Nos. 261 Main and 268 Washington streets, founded some fifty 
 years ago by Ford & Howard, succeeded by Fitch & Howard, who were succeeded by 
 Howard, Whitcomb & Co., and then by Flint, Kent & Stone, and Flint, Kent & Howard 
 for one year, and they in turn by the present firm in 1865. As before intimated, Messrs. 
 Flint & Kent are heavy handlers of dry goods, notions, etc., at both wholesale and 
 retail. Their premises consist of a handsome five-story building fronting 80 feet on 
 both streets, with a depth of 200 feet, with a basement of like dimensions, the whole 
 being devoted to their use. An average of thirty-five clerks, salesmen and other help 
 are employed, and the firm do a very large business, extending throughout Western 
 New York. Their store is patronized by the best class of trade in the city and country, 
 who find here vast stocks, infinite varieties, the most approved styles, reliable goods, 
 and prices as reasonable as can be quoted by legitimate merchants anywhere. The 
 arrangement of the salesrooms, while systematic and convenient, is elegant and 
 attractive, while the polite and patient attention shown customers and visitors is a sub- 
 ject of enthusiastic remark, especially on the part of ladies. 
 
 Mr. Flint, the senior partner, now sixty years of age, came to Buffalo from his birth- 
 place, Hancock, N. H., thirty-seven years ago. Be has been connected with the trade 
 in dry goods since boyhood. 
 
 Mr. Kent, sixty -three years of age, was born at Concord, N. H., and came to Buiialo 
 in 1865. He, also, has devoted his entire business life to dry goods. Both are fully 
 alive to Buffalo's great advantages and magnificent future, and deeply interested in all 
 that concerns her welfare. 
 
 RICHARD EVANS & SON. 
 
 Establisbed 1834 — Manufacturers of Glue of All Kinds— Factory, Abbott 
 Road near Iron Bridge— P. O. Box 66. 
 
 Manufacturers of all descriptions of goods which in use are protected from the 
 elements are patrons of the glue manufacturer, who finds his best customers among the 
 cabinet-makers, carpenters, trunk-makers, paper-box makers, carriage-makers, painters, 
 etc. Glue is an article, indeed, of prime necessity to the trades and a standard item of 
 commerce. The glue in general use is made from the horns, hoofs, waste bits of 
 hide, etc., of neat cattle, and requires a high degree of skill and experience in the 
 various processes involved ere it is ready for the market. 
 
 Among the most extensive and popular glue manufacturers in the United States are 
 Messrs. Kichard Evans & Son, whose works occupy an immense one-aud a half-story 
 frame building, 60 by 300 feet, on the Abbott road near the iron bridge. The concern 
 employs some thirty workmen, and produces about 150 tons of glue per annum, which 
 it is safe to say is of superior quality, and will compare favorably with any of domestic 
 or foreign make, the specialty being fine glue for wood-working purposes. The firm 
 have a very high reputation, and their product meets with ready sale at highest prices 
 throughout the Eastern, Northern and Western States and Canada. 
 
 The senior Mr. Evans is a native of Ross, Herefordshire, England. He came to 
 America when a child, and spent his earlier years in New York and Boston. Later he was 
 in government employ, getting out live oak in Florida for use in naval construction. 
 He came to Buffalo in 1834, and at once began the manufacture of glue on a small 
 scale. By strict attention to business, great energy and the gradual improvement of 
 processes for the production of superior glue, he has built up a first-class and steadily 
 increasing trade. In this he has been most capably assisted by his son, Mr. R. Evans, 
 jr., who now has entire charge of the works and sales, and is one of Buffalo's rising 
 young business men. 
 
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346 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 D. R. & H. FOGELSONGER, 
 
 Contractors and Dealers in AH Kinds of Cut L/imestone and Sandstone — 
 Quarry at Williamsville ; Office and Yard, No. 315 Oak St. 
 
 The remarkable increase of building operations hereabouts of late years has had the 
 effect, among others, of developing the quarries of Western New York, and establishing 
 as a regular calling the industry of supplyiog cut and dressed stone in quantities by 
 contract. It is a great convenience to builders to be able to secure dimension stone 
 ready for the mason, at such times and in such quantities as they may require. Conse- 
 quently the reliable and responsible contracting quarryman and dealer in this kind of 
 material is usually well patronized and prosperous. 
 
 Among the most prominent and successful of those who have invested their capital 
 and business talents in this branch of busiuess, is the firm of D. K. & H. Fogelsonger, 
 whose large and busy yard, 118)^ by 150 feet, with oflBce attached, is at No. 215 Oak 
 street, between Broadway and Sycamore. Their quarry, at Williamsville, is a very 
 valuable and productive one, for which they have been offered $30,000 cash. The firm 
 employ sixty-five men, pay an average of $800 weekly in wages, and do a business of 
 about $100,000 a year in the quarrying, dressing and delivery of limestone and sand- 
 stone to builders and contractors in Buffalo and vicinity. That their material and 
 workmanship are of the beat is evidenced by the large and increasing volume of their 
 sales, limsBtone being their leading specialty. The brothers are natives of Williams- 
 ville, D. It., forty-three and Henry thirty -seven years of age. 
 
 N. MOERSHFELDER, 
 
 Cutler and Grinder— Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Concave Kazors, 
 Tailors' and Barbers' Shears, Hones, Razor Strops, Combs, Barbers' 
 Supplies, etc. — Nos. 501 and 503 Main St. 
 
 The above is the only fine cutlery and grinding establishment in Buffalo. It was 
 established in 1850 by N. Moershfelder, senior, father of the present proprietor, both of 
 whom in the year named emigrated hither from the then French province of Alsace, 
 where the parent was born in 1806 and the son in 1834. The elder Mr. Moershfelder 
 was a rarely skilled cutler in his own country, and brought with him his art, which he 
 imparted to his son. Establishing himself here at first in a very moderate way, Mr. 
 Moershfelder gradually built up a large and flourishing business, to which the son 
 succeeded on the decease of the father in 1881. 
 
 The works now occupy the roomy three-story building, Nos. 501 and 503 Main street, 
 25 feet front and running back 85 feet, all the floors being devoted to factory purposes 
 — the making, repairing and grinding of fine cutlery, razors, tailors' and barbers' 
 shears, etc. — the concave grinding of razors being a leading specialty for which the 
 house is famous. Mr. Moershfelder is also an extensive wholesale and retail dealer in 
 the goods named, together with hones, razor strops, combs and barbers' supplies gen- 
 erally, which he is prepared to furnish to the trade in large or small lots at lowest 
 prices, quality considered. 
 
 The works are run by steam, and orders are filled for shipment to all parts of the 
 country. Eight men are employed, and sales average about $15,000 a year. 
 
 BUFFALO PRESSED BRICK CO. 
 
 Edward J. Hall, President ; George S. Metcalfe, Treasurer ; Alfred Hall, 
 Secretary — »lannfacturers of Pressed, Moulded, Stock and Common 
 Brick— Office, Room 1, Harvey Block, No. 7 Swan St. — Telephone 84. 
 
 It were a waste of time and space to present a detailed argument in proof of the 
 superiority of pressed and moulded bricks over the ordinary sort for building purposes, 
 where beauty and durability are demanded. The bricks, and the work constructed of 
 them, speak for themselves, and so effectively that the demand for this splendid build- 
 ing material multiplies season after season, while mammoth works for their manufac- 
 ture are being established wherever clay of the proper kind can be found, and mechan- 
 ical ingenuity is taxed to produce machinery that will turn them out fast enough and 
 of good quality. 
 
 Among the great industries of this kind established of late years the vast yards. 
 
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THE INDU8TBIE8 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 247 
 
 kilns and machinery plant of the BaHalo Pressed Brick Co. , at Tonawanda, are conspic- 
 uous, comprising eighty-four acres of ground, several large brick buildings, an immense 
 patent dryer, numerous kilns, and the finest collection of improved brick machinery of 
 all kinds ever set up in this part of the country, with a yearly capacity of 5,000,000 
 high grade bricks. Railroad sido-tracks intersect the yards, and the company owns a 
 large number of small brick cars built expressly for the handling of bricks, which they 
 Bell in lots on the Buffalo market and throughout Western New York and Pennsyl- 
 vania. Architects, property owners, contractors, builders and bricklayers unite in pro- 
 nouncing these bricks equal to any ever made hereabout, a fact which is further 
 evidenced by the rapidly growing demand. The leading specialty of the company is 
 pressed brick for front walls, made to any desired pattern for irregular corners, copings, 
 arches, cornices, or plain and of standard size. Sixty men are employed in the season, 
 and the output for the first year exceeded $70,000, their first pressed brick being put 
 upon the market in the fall of 1885. The bricks used in Gies & Co.'s fine business 
 building, southeast corner Swan and Center streets, are of the Buffalo Pressed Brick 
 Co.'s make, selected for their superiority in competition with those of many other local 
 and foreign manufacturers. 
 
 The company is an outgrowth of Hall & Sons, manufacturers of fire and building 
 brick, who were established in 1870. The Buffalo Pressed Brick Co. was organized with 
 the above named ofiicers in 1886. President Edward J. Hall is a New England man, 
 who has been connected with ceramics as a brick manufacturer and agent of the Perth- 
 Amboy Terra Cotta Works from boyhood ; while Mr. Alfred Hall is his son and partner 
 in the firm of Hall & Sons. The elder Mr. Hall is a prominent Board of Trade man 
 and vice-president of the Buffalo Telphone Co. Mr. Geo. S. Metcalfe, the treasurer, is a 
 native of this city, formerly with the Anchor line of steamers, and a live, pushing 
 business man. 
 
 
 - j^ -i 
 
 LAKE VIE W MA LT HOUSE. 
 
 "White & Crafts, Proprietors— Lake View Ave. aud Jersey St. 
 
 It is estimated that 
 1,000,000 bushels of su- 
 perior malt is annually 
 produced by Buffalo 
 alone. Immense malt- 
 houses are found in all 
 parts of the city, and 
 the importation, malt- 
 ing and shipping of bar- 
 ley is recognized as one 
 of the leading industries 
 here. It is a branch of 
 manufactures demand- 
 ing for its successful 
 prosecution large capi- 
 tal, long experience, 
 great skill and sound 
 
 judguient, and the man 
 
 who cannot bring ample 
 resources of these to bear upon his business had better seek some other less exacting 
 avenue of enterprise. 
 
 Among the more prominent establishments of this kind that dot the Queen City is 
 the large and substantial Lake View malt-house of Messrs. White & Crafts, at the inter- 
 section of Lake View avenue and Jersey street, erected by the present proprietors in 
 1875. The main buildings front 115 feet on Lake View avenue, 240 feet on Jersey 
 street, are four stories high, with spacious basement, and have an annual malting 
 capacity of 300,000 bushels, all of which is taken by the trade of the Eastern States, 
 where, because of its superior quality, Messrs. White & Crafts' malt is a general favor- 
 ite with brewers, being carefully and skillfully prepared from selected grain and every 
 process conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietors, who are famous 
 maltsters, with a long-established reputation. Mr. White was formerly an extensive 
 distiller, and has been connected with malting, directly and indirectly, for more than 
 thirty years. He is of English birth, but has resided here since boyhood. Mr. Crafts 
 was born in Chautauqua <Qy^z§b ISv Wi^d%Sf^^° ^^ ^^^^' ^* """^ became inter- 
 
248 THE INDU8TBIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 ested in the Niagara Malting Co., and only left it in 1875 to join Mr. White in the 
 present venture. 
 
 The specialty of the house is malt of the highest grade. They employ forty capa- 
 ble workmen during the season, and pay from $350 to $iO0 in weekly wages. Their 
 trade, as before stated, is altogether with Eastern brewers, and they have been unusually 
 successful in the past and have excellent prospects for the future. 
 
 BUFFALO EL ECTR IC COMPANY, 
 
 Manufacturers of Electric Work of Ever.v Description— Annunciators, 
 Speaking Tubes, Burglar Alarms, Electric Bells, etc. — No. 200 Pearl St. 
 
 The Buffalo Electric Company is an entirely new enterprise, established the present 
 year, and one which in the nature of things must develop into a great success. The 
 proprietors are Messrs, Wells Dygert and Fred. W. Schiefer, brothers-in-law. Mr. 
 Oygert was formerly for some years superintendent of the Wagner Sleeping Car Com- 
 pany, a position which he filled eatisfactorily to all concerned, and only resigned, 
 because of failing health, to embark in farming near Detroit, abandoning that in 
 January last to engage in his present venture. He is a capable and energetic business 
 man. Mr. Schiefer, of German descent, ranks high as a theoretical and practical elec- 
 trician, and is, besides, a skillful machinist. Both are natives of Buffalo. 
 
 The works occupy the entire second story of No. 200 Pearl street, formerly belonging 
 to Liberty House Co. No. 1, and are fitted up in the beat manner with all requisite 
 machinery and appurtenances for the manufacture or repair of electrical apparatus of 
 every description for the use of physicians, surgeons, philosophical students and ex- 
 perimenters with the subtle fluid. By means of ingenious yet simple devices erected in 
 the oiBce the working of all electric machinery, whether for the medical fraternity or 
 others, is clearly shown and the principles of operation made plain. No more interest- 
 ing exhibit can be found in Buffalo. 
 
 Those in any way interested in electrical science are invited to visit these works and 
 witness the processes whereby the lightning is harnessed and made the servant of man. 
 Special attention is given to the construction and repair of electric bells, annunciators, 
 speaking tubes, electric lights, telephones, electric motors, etc., and all work done in 
 the best manner and guaranteed. 
 
 SHANLEY BROS., 
 
 Grocers, Dealers in Teas, Coffees, Spices, Fancy Groceries, Canned Goods 
 etc.— Tobacco and Cigars— No. 275 Swan St. ' 
 
 The above-named firm, composed of Thomas A. and James B. Shanley, was estab- 
 lished in 1884, and has been mmarkably successful, occupying a handsome and con- 
 venient three-story brick building 30 by 80 feet, with roomy cellar, line stables attached, 
 and all requisite facilities for the transaction of a first-class business. Their sales for 
 the past year aggregated fully $30,000, and the prospect is that that figure will be 
 largely exceeded in 1887, the reputation of the house being based'on merit and its fame 
 rapidly extending. 
 
 In addition to a large and carefully staected stock of all staple family groceries of 
 the highest grades, the firm carry superior lines of choice teas, coffees, spices, etc., and 
 extra fine popular brands of cigars and tobacco. They also make a specialty of leading- 
 brands of flour, selling to consumers at mill prices. The best goods only in every d^ 
 partment are offered, the lowest prices asked, and politeness and promptitude character- 
 ize the firm in all transactions. 
 
 The senior member, Mr. Thomas A. Shanley, is an experienced insurance man, for 
 ten years in the office of Smith, Davis & Co., No. 200 Main street. At this time he 
 maintains an insurance agency on his own account at room No. 4, Board of Trade build- 
 ing, representing several leading fire and marine associations. He is a silent partner in 
 the grocery house, the active management of which devolves upon the junior partner, 
 Mr. James B. Shanley. The latter for seven years previous to 1884 was district circu- 
 lator of the Courier, giving entire satisfaction in that position. Mr. George R. Shanley, 
 a younger brother, renders able assistance in the house, and is regarded as a competent 
 and rising young business man, " a host of himself." All the brothers are natives of 
 Buffalo, but proud of their Irish descent, prompt and honorable in their dealings, affa- 
 ble, enterprising and liberal. 
 
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THE INDUSTBIES OF BUFFALO. 249 
 
 THE ASSOCIATED ELEVATORS. 
 
 S. F. SHERMAN, MANAGER. 
 
 lateraational Elevatiag Co.: P. A. Bell, President; E. C. Hawks, Vice-Presi- 
 dent ; G. H. Liewis, Treasurer ; C. A. Gould, Secretary— Lake Shore Elevating 
 Co.: F. A. Bell, President ; Edward Michael, Vice-President ; W. H. Sher- 
 man, Secretary and Treasurer — Dakota Elevator: Bell, Michael & Sherman, 
 Owners— Office, Room 68, Board of Trade Building. 
 
 No other city in the world enjoys such advantages in connection with the grain trade 
 as does Buffalo. Situated at the extreme eastern terminus of the great chain of lakes, 
 and of the railroad systems on both sides thereof, and itself the wes tern terminus of 
 the Brie canal and the various railroads connecting with the Atlantic seaboard; with a 
 vast and affluent grain territory upon the one hand from which to draw her supplies, and 
 the markets of the world on the other — it would seem that neither nature nor man 
 could do more to make her the granary and storehouse of this continent. Year by year 
 her advantages in this connection become more and more apparen t , year by year the 
 volume of grain handled here becomes greater, aggregating, for the season of 1885-86 
 over 120,000,000 bushels. 
 
 Hitherto all elevato;r3 erected here — nearly forty in number — have been designed 
 and located with special reference to the receipt of grain by water, only two or three 
 possessing facilities for receiving, elevating, storing and shipping by rail, and those 
 totally inadequate to the demand, thus forcing the railroads to furnish not only trans- 
 portation but storage until owners could sell or otherwise dispose of their grain, the 
 cars standing loaded on the side tracks in great numbers, scattered along the lines of 
 the Lake Shore, Michigan Central, Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific, for distances 
 varying from ten to seventy-five miles, awaiting the pleasure of shippers, sometimes 
 for several months, ere being released. This was a great hardship, and the cause of 
 serious inconvenience and loss to the railroad companies — a state of affairs that might 
 have continued indefinitely, had not the idea occurred to Mr. S. P. Sherman, of The 
 Sherman Bros. Co., Limited, that by the construction of capacious railroad elevators 
 the abuse could be remedied, and an entirely new and profitab le business enterprise 
 inaugurated at the same time. The result we now have in the two magnificent 
 structures known as the "International" and "Lake Shore" elevators — the former 
 located upon and occupying two entire blocks of 95,000 square feet, bounded by Niagara, 
 Wayne and Dearborn streets, the New York Central and Hudson River Eailroad and 
 Scajaqnada creek; the latter upon a plot of 97,000 square feet fronting on the Hamburg 
 canal, Alabama and Scott streets. The companies, oSicered as stated above, organized 
 with a joint capital of $300,000. Work was begun July 1st last, and the " Lake Shore" 
 began actual operations December 15 th. Owing to delays in securing a firm foundation 
 and the necessity for much excavation, the work on the " International " progressed 
 less rapidly, and it was not completed until the practicability and value of the scheme 
 had been fully demonstrated by the success and popularity of the " Lake Shore," which 
 from the hour of its opening for business has been crowded to its utmost limit, as has 
 also the "International" since its completion, and the management of the Associated 
 Elevators have ample ground for self-gratulation in the indorsement and patronage 
 extended them by the railroad grain trade of Buffalo. The sister elevators are so con- 
 structed and equipped with improved machinery as to insure promptitude in the hand- 
 ling of grain on track, grading, bulking and equitable delivery to all roads, each plant 
 being provided with switches and private tracks, stationary engine and windlass for 
 moving cars, cleaning and grading apparatus, power shovels, weighing hoppers and 
 scales of thirty tons capacity, rubber belt conveyors with patent trippers, incandescent 
 electric lights, and, in short," every requisite appliance and convenience for the hand- 
 ling of grain on a large scale, and in the best, quickest and most economical manner. 
 Mr. S. F. Sherman, who may be fairly called the father of the enterprise, presides over 
 the office. No. 68 Board of Trade building. 
 
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250 
 
 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 251 
 
 The plan of operations differs materially from that hitherto pursued, and deserves 
 notice. Previous to being stored all grain received is graded by the chief inspector 
 and weighed by the official weighmaster of the Merchants' Exchange, a joint certificate 
 being issued to the shipper for each car, and sent him by the receiver, as follows : 
 
 No... 
 
 Official Inspection and 
 
 Weight 
 
 
 
 OF THE 
 
 
 BUFFALO M 
 
 ERCHANTS' 
 
 EXCHANGE. 
 188... 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., . . . 
 
 This 
 
 Certifies, That 
 
 there has been 
 
 inspected and weighed. 
 
 Car No. 
 
 
 .into 
 
 . . .Lake Shore Elevator, 
 
 Grade.. 
 
 
 
 
 Weight 
 
 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Junius 8. Smith, 
 
 
 0. W. Ball, 
 
 
 Weighmaster. 
 
 
 Chief Inspector. 
 
 The manager of the Associated Elevators then issues to the railroad sending the 
 grain a negotiable receipt, entitling the holder to the grain described, and which must 
 be presented when it is desired to withdraw the same from store. This receipt reads 
 on the face as follows : 
 
 No. 
 
 This grain is subject 
 to our advertised rates 
 of storage. 
 
 This grain is received 
 and held in store subject 
 to the conditions printed 
 on the back hereof. 
 
 THE ASSOCIATED ELEVATORS, 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Kind of Grain 
 
 Bushels Buffalo, N. Y. . . .188. .. 
 
 Grade 
 
 Received in Store in the Lake Shore Elevator 
 
 from 
 
 bushels 
 
 of 
 
 subject only to the order hereon of 
 
 and the surrender of this receipt and pay- 
 ment of charges. 
 
 The subjoined conditions are printed on the back and provide a measure of pro- 
 tection to the elevator company : " It is hereby agreed by the holders of this receipt 
 that the grain herein mentioned may be mixed with other grain of the same quality by 
 inspection in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Merchants' Exchange of 
 Buffalo. Loss by fire or heating at owner's risk. In case any grain in this elevator 
 becomes heated or out of condition during the life of this receipt, said grain shall be 
 deemed to be and shall be of and belonging to the receipt of like grade bearing the 
 oldest date outstanding and uncanceled." 
 
 In making shipments the oldest grain of each grade is delivered first, thus holding 
 fresh grain as far as possible and diminishing the danger from heating and other 
 causes. Parties having lots of 5,000 or more bushels which they desire kept separately 
 and the identity preserved must serve notice thereof previous to consignment, and no 
 extra charge will be made for storage, but no guarantee of special care or equal 
 
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252 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
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TEE INDU8TBIEB OF BUFFALO. 253 
 
 delivery to railroads can be given. All deliveries are made under the supervision of the 
 chief inspector and weighmaBter of the Exchange, who issue joint certificates therefor. 
 
 The combined storage capacity of these elevators is 1,000,000 bushels, the " Inter- 
 national " receiving from the Canadian roads and the " Lake Shore " from the Lake 
 Shore, Nickel Plate, Nypano and B., N. Y. & P. railways. The Associated Elevators 
 are already attracting much of the railroad grain heretofore sent to Chicago and 
 elsewhere, and it is confidently expected that there will be a constant and growing 
 increase of receipts in the future. 
 
 These elevators, constructed under the direction of Mr. Sherman, who expended 
 much time in investigation and comparison before adopting plans, combine the best 
 ideas utilized in the elevators at Brooklyn, Minneapolis, Chicago and Buffalo with 
 several novel ones of his own. We illustrate both of these structures, and the 
 engravings convey a fair notion of their general outward appearance. The " Lake 
 Shore" has a superficial area of 11,446 square feet, two 104-foot towers, three receivers 
 (two from tracks and one from canal), fifty bins 16 feet long, 10 feet wide and 45 feet 
 deep, and can receive 100,000 or deliver 150,000 bushels per day. Cars of the New 
 York Central, Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia, Nickel Plate, Buffalo, Rochester & 
 Pittsburg, Erie, West Shore and Lehigh Valley railroads can be loaded here with 
 the utmost ease and celerity, there being 1,600 feet of side-tracks on the premises, 
 and from the opposite side canal-boats are loaded with the same facility. The 
 power is furnished by a Rice automatic lOO-horse-power engine, supplied with 
 steam from a steel boiler 16 feet long by 66 inches in diameter. The yards belonging 
 to this elevator embrace 85,000 square feet, furnishing ample room for cars and for the 
 erection of additional buildings when deemed necessary. 
 
 The "International" is built in four sections. It has 104 bins, each 45 feet high, 
 10 feet wide, and 14 feet long. It has a machinery tower 104 feet high, 35 feet wide, 
 113 feet long ; a marine tower 104 feet high, 35 feet square, and connected with the 
 main building by a truss bridge 100 feet long, 6 feet wide, and crossing Niagara street 
 45 feet above grade. It has five receiving elevators, one marine and four rail, with a 
 daily receiving capacity of 330,000 bushels, and a delivering capacity of an equal 
 amount. It is driven by a 300-horse power Buckeye automatic engine, taking its steam 
 supply from two 60-inch by 16-foot steel boilers. It has 1,700 feet of side-track and 
 can receive from vessels drawing 11 feet of water ; can deliver to canal-boats and the 
 cars of the New York Central, West Shore, Lackawanna, Erie, Grand Trunk, Michigan 
 Central, and Lehigh Valley railroads. One-half of the house will be bonded in order 
 to hold grain in store in bond. 
 
 The processes of receiving and delivering grain at these elevators are somewhat 
 different from those pursued at most similar establishments and quite interesting to the 
 experienced grain handler as well as the novice. The railroad having placed a train 
 of cars loaded with grain on the elevator switch, the men in charge of the shovels 
 attach the rope of the car-puller to one or more of the cars, give the signal to the 
 assistant, who presses down on the lever and starts the drum of the car-puller to 
 winding up the rope and drawing the car into its position in front of the pit. Prom 
 the bottom of the pit — which is 11 feet lower than the floor of the car — extending 
 upward 110 feet to the top of the tower, are two stationary elevator legs containing an 
 endless rubber belt, 17 inches wide, and revolving on iron pulleys at the top and bottom. 
 Attached to this belt every 13 inches are tin buckets holding about eight quarts each. 
 As this belt travels at the rate of 600 feet a minute, it therefore elevates 4,800 quarts 
 or 150 bushels per minute. The car being in position, two men enter the car, each 
 provided with a light wooden shovel about two feet square and connected by a rope 
 with the shoveling machines. Each man goes to the end of the car, the m.achine 
 revolves and winds the rope, thus drawing the shovels, with the grain in front of them, 
 towards the car-door and thence into the pit. As the grain falls into the pit it is caught 
 by the buckets and carried to the top of the tower, and as it passes over the pulley it 
 drops into a large bin called the upper receiver, and thence into the weigh-hopper. After 
 all the grain the car contains has been received into the weigh-hopper, the trap door in 
 the upper receiver is closed, making it ready to receive the next car-load. The grain in 
 the weigh-hopper is then weighed and a trap door in the bottom of the hopper is opened, 
 allowing the grain to drop into the lower receiver, whence it passes through a short 
 spout, dropping on to a 30-inch rubber belt which runs on rollers, placed over the 
 partition of a row or section of bins holding about 5,000 bushels each. To take the 
 grain from this belt at any desired point and not scatter or waste any of it is a feat that 
 is accomplished by a little machine called a tripper, invented by George B. Mallory. 
 This machine consists of an iron frame, traveling on wheels and running over the 
 
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254 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 conveyor belt. On top of this frame is an iron roller over vphich tlie belt is made to 
 paBS, and thence under another iron roller in front and a little below the first. Before 
 the belt with the grain on it passes under this roller an iron blade is pressed firmly 
 against the belt, catching the grain and throwing it into a spout at either side, and 
 thence into the bin. All that is required to empty the grain into any bin is to place the 
 tripper in front of the bin, and the rest of the work is performed automatically. 
 
 To get the grain out of the elevator, almost the same routine is followed as to get it 
 in, except that work is commenced at the conveyor first and ends at the car or vessel. 
 Under each section of bins is a conveyor-pit 7 feet deep. In these pits are conveyors 
 similar to the belt conveyors over the bins, but mado up of 7-inch strips of rubber belt 
 at the side and a strip of canvas in the center. The conveyors extend from the back of 
 the elevator to the pits of the elevator leg. By opening a trap door in the bottoni of 
 any of the bins, the grain drops on to the conveyor, and is carried forward and emptied 
 into the elevator pit, where it is caught by the buckets, carried up to the top of the 
 tower, dropped into the upper receiver, thence into the weigh-hopper, where it is 
 weighed, then into the lower receiver, and thence through a spout leading to the lower 
 floor. At the end of this spout is a flexible or telescopic nozzle which casts the grain 
 in any desired direction, providing for the trimming of cargo without manual labor. 
 A custom-house attache at the elevator oflSce facilitates clearances. 
 
 TnE NEW DAKOTA ELEVATOK. 
 
 Work was commenced March 16, 1887, on what will be, when completed, the largest 
 grain stores in the city. It is being built by Messrs. F. A. Bell, Edward Michael and D. 
 A. Sherman. It will cover a plot of land 100 by 306 feet, with bins 100 feet deep, and 
 three towers, each 140 feet high. The land is located on Blackwell canal and Hatch 
 slip, having a frontage of 163 feet on the former and 335 feet on the latter and con- 
 necting with the Bufialo Creek Railway, and by it giving connection with all railroads 
 entering BuflVilo. The house when completed will have a storage capacity of 2,250,000 
 bushels, and will have three marine and six inside elevators. It will be provided with 
 the Mallory system of belt conveyors, incandescent system of electric lights, steam fire 
 extinguishers, Frisbie grain shovels, car pullers, " Buckeye " automatic engine, etc., and 
 with sufficient track room to load twenty cars without switching. It will have six canal 
 deliveries and will have a capacity for elevating about 175,000 bushels per day from 
 vessels and 50,000 bushels per day from cars. It is expected the work will be so far 
 completed by June 15th as to permit transfers from vessels to cars or canal-boats, and that 
 it will be completed so as to receive grain for storage by October. It will be a part of 
 the Associated Elevators system, and will offer to the grain trade the option of a 
 graded negotiable receipt or a non-negotiable receipt with identity of grain preserved. 
 
 The Associated Elevators' schedule of charges is as follows : 
 
 EleTating from cars, including five dny's storage and delivering to 
 
 cars, boats or wagons Tlivee-fouvths cents per busb. 
 
 Storage each succeeding ten days or parts thereof One-fonrth " " 
 
 Blowing and cleaning One-halt " " 
 
 Grading and cleaning One " '' 
 
 Separating and cleaning Two " " 
 
 Running over and cooling One-fourth " " 
 
 Storing hot or damaged grain, commencing three days after 
 
 i-^L ■ same has been posted One-eighth cent per bush, per day. 
 
 All holders of graded receipts will be entitled to delivery of grain on any railroad entering the city free 
 of switching charEes. The right reserved to amend or change the^e rates by giving thirty days notice to 
 the Secretary of the Merchants' Exchange of BufTato. 
 
 Grain becoming heated or out of condition will be charged one-eighth cent per day, commencing three 
 days after it is posted. 
 
 The manager reserves the light to change the foregoing rates at any time by giving thirty days' notice 
 to the Secretary of the Merchant's Exchange. 
 
 The officers of the associated companies are named at the head of this notice. 
 President Bell, of the "International" is head of the firm of Bell, Lewis & Yates, 
 coal miners and shippers; Treasurer Lewis is of the same firm ; Vice-President Hawks 
 is a prominent lawyer, and Secretary Gould is of Gould & Stimson, proprietors of the 
 Buffalo Steam Forge. Mr. Bell is also president of the "Lake Shore;" Mr. Michael, 
 vice-president, is a leading lawyer; D. A. Sherman is president of The Sherman Bros. 
 Co. (limited), commission dealers in grain, 58 Board of Trade building; Secretary 
 Sherman is also secretary and treasurer of the same company, and Mr. S. F. Sherman, 
 manager of the Associated Elevators, devotes his entire time to the successful manage- 
 ment of the company. Mr. E. C. Loveridge, the assistant manager, has charge of the 
 office details. 
 
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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 255 
 
 ROOD & BROWN, 
 
 Car Wheel Works-O. E. Rood, Henry M. Brown— Manufacturers of Railroad 
 Car, Engine, Tender and Truck Wheels— Office and Works, Howard and 
 Thomas Sts., near William St., Belt Line Station 
 
 Buffalo tak- 
 ing as she does 
 the front rank 
 among the great 
 railway centers 
 of the United 
 States, it is ac- 
 cording to the 
 law of natural 
 selection that 
 everything per- 
 taining to rail- 
 way rolling 
 stock should be 
 manufactured 
 here on a large 
 scale. For a 
 long time this 
 city has been a recognized headquarters for car wheels. Among the firms engaged in 
 the business, that of Messrs. Rood & Brown is here referred to. Their product 
 consists of wheels for all kinds of railroad cars, engines, tenders and trucks. The 
 works are quite extensive, as will appear from the accompanying illustration. They 
 give employment to a large force of men and have the very best of facilities for turning 
 out finished wheels in great quantities, their capacity being 150 wheels per day. The 
 record of the wheels of this firm on a number of leading railroads has demonstrated 
 their superiority over any others in use. All wheels are made from the best charcoal 
 iron, by the chilled process. Before leaving the shops all wheels are thoroughly 
 tested, so that any flaws or imperfections are readily detected, and back goes the wheel 
 to be cast over again. The individual members of the firm are C. E. Rood and Henry 
 M. Brown, both experienced and practical men in the business. Their establishment is 
 one of a great number of industrial enterprises which have been opened up in East 
 Buffalo quite recently, making that section of the city teem with the busy hum of 
 progress. 
 
 FRANK H. KINNIUS, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Grocer— Dealer in Flour, Peed, Corn, Oats, Hay, etc.— 
 Telephone 205S A— Nos. 1412 and 1414 Main St. 
 
 The phenomenal growth of Buffalo, so surprising to strangers, is, for obvious 
 reasons, chiefly in a northerly direction, and Cold Spring may be termed a suburb of 
 the city proper. Principal among the groceries in this locality is that owned by 
 Mr. Frank H. Kinnius at Nos. 1413 and 1414 Main street, and occupied exclusively by 
 himself as store and dwelling. It is a handsome three-story brick building, 43 by 60, 
 with barns, stables and other out-buildings in the rear. The business was established 
 in 1877 by John G. Langner & Co. The present proprietor was born in Buffalo in 1851, 
 and having received the advantages of an ordinary school education, worked as clerk 
 in different capacities till 1871. He then entered the freight office of the New York 
 Central & Hudson River railroad. In 1877 he became a partner with Mr. J. Q. Langner 
 in the house of which he is now the head, and in 1883, at the death of Mr. Langner, 
 took charge of the business of the firm on his own account. The store he now occupies 
 was built by himself in 1885. 
 
 The store is divided into two distinct departments, one being set apart for flour, 
 feed, grain and fodder of all kinds, while the other contains a large and well-selected 
 stock of choice family groceries, a specialty being made of the finest brands of teas 
 and coffees, a large assortment of which are always kept on hand, both for retail output 
 and also to supply the trade. A public telephone may be mentioned as one of the 
 many conveniences of this really well-appointed business house. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
256 THE INDUaTBIEa OF BUFFALO. 
 
 While the hulk of the goods sold are consumed in Buffalo and the surrounding 
 country, still there are not wanting many orders from other towns and cities of the 
 Union at long distances. 
 
 Mr. Kinnius is well and f avorahly known in Buffalo and recognized by all as a young 
 man of good business habits and remarkable executive ability. 
 
 By putting his shoulder to the wheel, he sets a good example to his employes, 
 and although at all times strict and prompt to a degree there is still a vein of kindness 
 and liberality traceable throughout his dealings, an evidence of the live-and-let-live 
 principle, which in a great measure accounts for the astonishing success that has 
 attended his efforts during the comparatively short time he has been established in his 
 present business. 
 
 GERMAN-AMERICAN BANK OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Henry Hellriegel, President; Henry Breifweiser, Vice-President ; Henry W. 
 Burt, Cashier— Capital, $100,000— No. 440 Main St., opposite Soldiers 
 and Sailors' Monument. 
 
 Among the different fiduciary institutions of Buffalo there are none that are managed 
 on sounder financial principles, with direct reference to the best interests of depositors, 
 than the German-American Bank. This institution since it was organized. May 10, 1882, 
 has steadily advanced in public favor. Among its ofiScers and directors are to be found 
 leading German business men whose names are synonyms for prudent, careful manage- 
 ment of anything entrusted to their care. The board of directors consists of Messrs. 
 Henry Hellriegel, Jacob W. Diehl, L. L. Lewis, Francis Handel, Michael Nellany, 
 August Baetzhold, John Schaefer, Jos. Timmerman and Henry Breitweiser. These 
 gentlemen are all well known to the citizens of Buffalo. 
 
 The cashier, Mr. Burt, is eminently qualified for his responRible position, and fills it 
 to the entire satisfaction of the patrons and stockholders. Every facility is possessed 
 for doing a general banking business, including making collections, issuing drafts, bills 
 of exchange, etc., at the lowest current rates. The subjoined statement shows the 
 condition of afiairs for the quarter ending March 13,1887 : Assets — Loans and discounts, 
 $656,756.83 ; U. S. bonds, $1,000.00; bonds and mortgages, $7,500.00; due from banks, 
 $87,136.45; cash on hand — currency, gold and silver, $23,486.70; furniture, fixtures, 
 etc., $3,000.00; expense account, $3,070.99; real estate, etc., $5,750.00; overdrafts, 
 $4,849.63; total, $792,490.60. Liabilities— Capital, $100,000 ; surplus account, $35,000 ; 
 interest account, $11,794.63; amount due depositors, $645,695.97; total, $792,490.60. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL BOX AND HEADING CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Boxes and Heading— Foot of Hertel Ave. 
 
 The above company, formerly W. B. Plummer & Son, was founded in 1866. The 
 members are W. E. Plummer, sr., and W. E. Plummer, jr., father and son. Their 
 premises at the foot of Hertel avenue, embracing factory and yards, are 200 by 700 feet. 
 The works occupy a substantial two-story building 100 by 110 feet, employ from 45 to 
 50 men, and are fitted up with a fine complement of machinery, comprising saws, 
 planers, jointers, etc., run by a powerful steam engine. 
 
 Some idea of the quality and quantity of the work done here may be drawn from 
 the fact that besides a steady and growing demand from the local trade — manufactur- 
 ers, wholesale dealers and shippers of every description of goods, coopers, and others 
 — large quantities of the company's boxes and headings are sent to Eastern markets, 
 the total sales averaging $75,000 a year. 
 
 The Messrs. Plummer are industrious, enterprising gentlemen, and deserve the 
 prosperity which has smiled upon their efforts. The father is a native of Windham 
 county, N. H., born in 1822. He moved to Buffalo in 1846, and up to 1863 was engaged 
 in the manufacture of woolen goods, abandoning that for his present vocation. He 
 is a plain, unassuming, straightforward man. W. E. Plummer, jr., was born in 
 Buffalo in 1853, and has been in this line of business since boyhood. He is a wide- 
 awake, hard-working, public-spirited young man, a freemason, and popular with all 
 who know him. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
THE INDUSTRIES OS BUFFALO. 257 
 
 DAVIS & BROWN, 
 
 Manufacturers of Superior Grades Fine-Out Chewing and Smoking Tobac- 
 cos and Cigarettes— Nortbwest corner Pearl and Court Sts. 
 
 It has been sixteen years since Buffalo boasted a tobacco and cigarette factory, not- 
 withstanding there is no better location for a business of that kind in the United 
 States. The want is about to be supplied at last, however, by the above-named firm, 
 who, having secured the splendid new five-story brick and iron building at the north- 
 west corner of Pearl and Court streets, are fitting it up, as this work is issued, with a 
 complete equipment of the latest improved machinery, and early in April will com- 
 mence active operations with a lurge force of skilled hands, putting upon the market 
 the finest grades of fine-cut chewing and smoking tobacco and cigarettes. The firm 
 have ample capital, experience and facilities, and there can oe no reasonable question 
 of their ability to make Bufialo one of the most renowned and popular of American 
 tobacco manufacturing centers. Only the finest Virginia, Kentucky and imported stock 
 will be used, and every eflibrt will be made to please the trade and consumers. 
 
 The building occupied is one of the most convenient and substantial inthe'city, and 
 if specially erected for the purpose could not better suit the requirements of the firm. 
 Each of the five floors constitutes a single immense room, 50 by 90 feet in dimensions, 
 the ceilings supported by rows of iron columns. 
 
 Mr. William Davis, the senior member, has a thorough knowledge of his business, 
 having had eighteen years experience. He is thirty-eight years of age, an active, 
 energetic and enterprising business man. The junior member, Mr. William Q. Brown, 
 has had an experience of twelve years, and has a thorough practical knowledge of 
 his calling in all its branches. 
 
 The firm have the neatest and best arranged factory in the country, and must 
 succeed. 
 
 TROY LAUNDRY, 
 
 Mrs. Kate Fogarty, Proprietress— Hand Work Exclusively— Nos. 36 and 38 
 East £agle St., near Washington. 
 
 The success achieved by the energetic, thorough-going proprietress of the above- 
 named popular laundry shows what may be accomplished by a wide-awake woman 
 when she is in earnest. Mrs. Fogarty came to this country from Scarborough, York- 
 shire, England, when but five years old. Her parents, poor but industrious and 
 respectable people, were unable to provide for their daughter farther than to give 
 her a plain common school education and a good example, and while still quite young 
 she sought and obtained employment in one of Troy's great laundries, where she soon 
 became noted for intelligence and capacity, and was elected President of the Troy 
 Collar Laundry Union, which office she retained for five years, taking an active part in 
 the strike of 1874. She then came to Buffalo, where she has remained ever since, attend- 
 ing strictly to her business, and gradually gaining the confidence and patronage of the 
 public, and particularly of that class who recognize and appreciate first-class laundry 
 work. At present Mrs. Fogarty occupies the entire three-story building, 46 by 60 feet, 
 Nos. 36 and 38 East Eagle street, between Washington and EUicott streets, where she 
 employs some twenty -seven skillful laundresses, pays the best wages in the city for 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
258 
 
 TRB INDUaTRIES OF BUFFALO, 
 
 tbat kind of work, 
 
 and does an annual business of nearly $20,000, No machinery 
 
 whatever is used in the estab- 
 lishment, and consequently 
 garments are done up in 
 superior style and without 
 injury. The specialty, of 
 course, to which greatest at- 
 tention is given, is the laun- 
 drying of gentlemen's shirts, 
 collars and cuff's, both for the 
 trade and for individual cus- 
 tomers, though every descrip- 
 tion of men's washing is done 
 to order in the best manner 
 and at short notice. The Troy 
 Laundry was established by 
 Misses MuUany (now Mrs. 
 Fogarty) and Carll in 1871, 
 the former succeeding in 1875. 
 Mrs. Fogarty has made the 
 reputation of the laundry, and 
 well deserves the prosperity 
 that has attended her efforts. 
 
 GOULD & STIMSON, 
 
 BUFFALO STEAM FORGE, 
 
 Manufacturers of Locomotive and Car Axles, Engine Forgings, Heavy 
 Shafts, Hammered Shapes, Boxes, Shanks, Links, Pins, etc.— Works, 
 Across Ohio-st. Bridge; Office, Room 24 Hayen Building. 
 
 The Buffalo Steam Forge was established in 1863 by 
 Henry Childs, the style subsequently changing for a short 
 time to Childs & Saxton, then again Henry Childs, who in 
 in January, 1885, were succeeded by the present firm, com- 
 posed of Charles A. Gould and Henry B. Stimson. Mr. 
 Gould, a native of Batavia, N.Y., born in 1849, has spent the 
 greater portion of his life in Buiialo, where he is a well- 
 known and popular citizen. He was deputy postmaster 
 in 1879, a position which he resigned in 1881, having 
 been appointed Collector of Customs for the district of 
 Buffalo, an office which he retained until his term expired 
 in 1885, when he joined Mr. Stimson in the present ven- 
 ture. Mr. S. first saw the light at New Lots, N. T., in 
 1856. He came to Buffalo in 1874, and in 1876 became as- 
 sociated with Mr. Childs in the Buffalo Steam Forge. 
 Both are energetic, earnest, enterprising business men, 
 under whose administration this famous old forge 
 property is becoming more valuable than ever before. 
 The works and appurtenances occupy more than four acres of land adjacent to the 
 south end of the Ohio-street bridge, across the Buffalo river, and comprise two im- 
 mense buildings — one 80 by 250 feet, the other 30 by 300 feet — and the necessary yards, 
 sheds, etc. The works are very convenient to the various railroads and wharves, having 
 direct connection with the Buffalo river, and are equipped in the best possible manner 
 for the work they are designed to perform, the machinery including a number of mon- 
 ster steam hammers, lathes, etc., for shaping and finishing heavy work, and a wilder- 
 ness of smaller machinery for light forgings of every description. 
 
 The specialties of the firm embrace locomotive and car axles of the highest grades, 
 every variety of engine forgings, heavy shafts, hammered shapes of all kinds, boxes, 
 shanks, links, pins — in short, any and every kind of heavy and light forgings for rail- 
 roads, steamboats, mills, etc., railway work forming a leading specialty, their coupling 
 links and pins being confessedly the very best made in this country. 
 
 The firm employ 100 men, pay some $4,000 a month in wages, and do an annual bua- 
 
 1 enKnn r\r\{\ — l,;.l, !„ -jncreasil * " j.:j!_! •-- 
 
 Digifiz 
 
 iness of $500,000, which is i^iy reasingai a gratifyins' rate, 
 
INDEX TO REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES. 
 
 ACADEMY OF DESIGN. 
 Kelly, E. Henri 83 
 
 Agricultural Engines — Manufacturers. 
 
 Pitts Agricultural Works 126 
 
 Architect and Surveyor. 
 
 Bayer, Charles 178 
 
 Architects. 
 
 Little. H. H 110 
 
 CaulkiDS, F. W 100 
 
 Porter, Cyrus K. & Son 173 
 
 Balsam, J. G S04 
 
 Architectural Castings— Manufaclurers. 
 
 'Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 
 
 Architectural Terra Cotta— Dealers. 
 
 Hall & Sons 125 
 
 Art and Mural Decorations. 
 
 Clark & Allen 82 
 
 Artificial Limbs. 
 
 Buffalo Artificial Lirab Co 149 
 
 Art Rooms — Household. 
 
 Jennings, Edward H 177 
 
 BAKERS— Steam. 
 Mupridge, George & Son 76 
 
 Banks — National . 
 
 Third National Bank ol Buffalo 98 
 
 Banks — State. 
 Bank of Attica 101 
 
 Gel-man-American Bank 256 
 
 Manufacturers and Tradi-rs Hank 65 
 
 Merchants Bank of Buffalo 93 
 
 Bankers and Brokers. 
 
 Donaldson&Co 178 
 
 Baths. 
 
 Oriental Bath Rooms 216 
 
 Billiard Tables — Agency. 
 
 ,Brunswick-B,alke-ColIender Co. (The) 163 
 
 Bird Cages, Refrigerators, etc. — Manufactui-ers. 
 
 Pierce, Geo. N. & Co 198 
 
 Biscuit — Manufacturers. 
 
 F. A. Kennedy Co 90 
 
 Bit Braces — Manufacturers. 
 
 Amidon & White 113 
 
 Blank Book Manufacturers. 
 
 Bork, William H 227 
 
 Boiler Makers. 
 
 Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 
 
 Bookbinder. 
 
 Bork, William H 227 
 
 Booksellers — Wholesale. 
 
 Vosburgh, Whiting & Co 158 
 
 Boots and Shoes — Dealers. 
 
 Goldstein. Louis 243 
 
 Boots ftnd Shoes — Manufacturers. 
 
 Porbush & Brown 141 
 
 Boots and Shoes— Wholesale. 
 
 Walker, W. H 96 
 
 Boxes and Heading — Manufacturers. 
 
 Internationiil Box & Heading Co 256 
 
 Schlee & Stephan ITO 
 
 Brass Founders. 
 
 Brown, A. H 191 
 
 Brewers — Lager Beer. 
 
 Kuhn, Jacob F 213 
 
 Lake View Brewing Co 127 
 
 Lang, Gerhard *^B 
 
 Luippold, John M 183 
 
 Brick — Pressed. 
 
 Buffalo Pressed Brick Co 246 
 
 Bridge Builders. 
 
 Union Bridge Co 241 
 
 Building Brick — Manufacturers. 
 
 Hall&Sons 125 
 
 Builders and Contractors. 
 
 Rumrill & Rupp '. 114 
 
 Business Colleges. 
 
 Clark's Business College 137 
 
 Buttons — ^Manufacturers. 
 
 Shantz, M. B. & Co 102 
 
 Digitized by 
 
 CANADA Barley— Importers. 
 Manning, John B 75 
 
 Carting. 
 
 Buffalo Storage & Carting Co 147 
 
 Carpets, Upholstery, etc.— Jobbers and Dealers. 
 
 Morgan,!). E. & Son 171 
 
 Carriages and Wagons — Manufacturers. 
 
 Callahan, R 171 
 
 ■ Grad, A. J 184 
 
 Car Wheels — Manufacturers. 
 
 ■ Rood & Brown ... 255 
 
 Cement — Agents. 
 
 Ross, J. H. 113 
 
 Center Tables — Manufacturers. 
 
 Ernewein, John 134 
 
 Chain Belting— Manufacturers. 
 
 Mey, P. H. C 15T 
 
 Chemical Works. 
 
 Crocker's Fertilizer and Chemical Works 140 
 
 Chemicals — Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Chemical Works (The) 165 
 
 China and Glass — Importers. 
 
 Glenny, W. H., SonS & Co 87 
 
 Cider and Vinegar— Wholesale. 
 
 Gentsch, B. P. & Sons 123 
 
 Civil Engineers. 
 
 Balsam, J. U 204 
 
 Davey, Marsden 125 
 
 Chandeliers, 1 amp", etc.— Importers. 
 
 Glenny, W. H., Sons & Co 37 
 
 Cloaks — Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Cloak Manufacturing Co 118 
 
 Clocks — ^Iniporters. 
 
 Glenny, W. H., Sons & Co 87 
 
 Clothing and Furnishing Goods — Retail. 
 
 ■AUman & Co 123 
 
 Clothing Manufacturers and Jobbers. 
 
 Altman & Co 123 
 
 Coiil and Wood — Dealers. 
 
 Humphrey, R 78 
 
 Montague, George 221 
 
 Coal — Miners and Shippers. 
 
 Central Coal Co 139 
 
 Langdon, J. & Co 194 
 
 Powers. Brown & Co 90 
 
 Smith, Henry E 145 
 
 Colli— Retail. 
 
 Bell. John A 118 
 
 Coal Tar Dyes — Manufacturers. 
 
 Schoellkopf Aniline and Chemical Co. (The).. 233 
 Coal and Coke— Wholesale. 
 
 Bennett, Ensign 105 
 
 Coffee, Spice and Drug Mills. 
 
 Hatch & Jenka 86 
 
 Commission — Fruits and Produce. 
 
 Richardson, Charles 131 
 
 Confectioners —Manufacturers. 
 
 Sibley & Holmwood 160 
 
 Contractors and Builders. 
 
 •Jaeckle, Jacob 228 
 
 Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron — Manufacturer. 
 
 McCutcheon, Samuel 184 
 
 Cordage. 
 
 Baker, Howard H. & Co 78 
 
 Crackers, Biscuits, etc. — Manufacturers. 
 
 P. A. Kennedy Co 90 
 
 Mugridge, George & Son 76 
 
 Niagara Baking Co 151 
 
 Crockery — Importers and Jobbers. 
 
 Glenny, W. H., Sons & Co 87 
 
 Cutler and Grinder. 
 
 Moerschfelder, N 246 
 
 Cut Stone— Contractors and Dealers. 
 
 Pogelsonger, D. R. & H 246 
 
 Straub, Peter G 214 
 
 DESIGNER and Engraver. 
 Penfold, Charles C 206 
 
 Microsoft® 
 
260 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Doors, Sash, etc. — ^Manufacturei's. 
 
 Lee, Holland & Co 
 
 Draper and Tailor. 
 
 Chambers, Pjank C 
 
 DrBBsed Lumber, etc. — Manufacturers. 
 
 Hazard & Arend 
 
 Dressed Meats— Wholesale. 
 
 Western Beef Co 
 
 Druggist, 
 
 Broad, Mrs. Dr. L 
 
 Dry Goods— Importers, 
 
 Barnes, Hengerer & Co 
 
 Dry Goods— Jobbers and Dealers. 
 
 Flint & Kent 
 
 Dry Goods— Jobbers and Retailers. 
 
 Barnes, Hengerer & Co 
 
 ELECTRIC Lighting. 
 Brush Electric Light Co . (The) 
 
 Electric Apparatus— Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Electric Co 
 
 Elevators— Grain. 
 
 Bennett & Union Elevators 
 
 City & Tifft Elevators 
 
 Coatsworth Elevator 
 
 Exchange Elevator 
 
 Frontier Elevator Co 
 
 Lake Shore, International and Dakota 219 
 
 Niagara Elevating Co 
 
 Richmond Elevator (The) 
 
 Schreck Elevator 
 
 Engines — Manufacturers. 
 
 Bell, David 
 
 Dempster Engine Works (The) 
 
 Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 
 
 Engravers- Wood. 
 
 Wightman, George D 
 
 FEATHER Renovators, 
 Chaney, N. P. & Co 
 
 Feed Mills. 
 
 Engle, A. A 
 
 Felt Goods — Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Felt Goods Co 
 
 Fertilizers — Manufacturers. 
 
 Crocker's Fertilizer and Chemical Works 
 
 Fire Brick— Manufacturers. 
 
 Hall&Sons 
 
 Fire Brick and Fire Clay— Wholesale and Retail 
 
 Ross, J. H 
 
 Fire Clay— Dealers. 
 
 Hall &Sons 
 
 Fire Place Goods— Manufacturers. 
 
 Schwartz & Co 
 
 Florists, 
 
 Hale, Mrs. J 
 
 Soott, William 
 
 Flour, Feed, Coal and Wood— Dealers. 
 
 Humphrey, E 
 
 Zimmerman, C. D. & Co 
 
 Flour, Grain and Seed— Wholesale. 
 
 Harvey Bros 
 
 Forgings— Manufacturers. 
 
 DeLaney Forge & Iron Co 
 
 Gould & Stimson 
 
 Forwarding and Commission, 
 
 Gallagher, B 
 
 Furniture— Manufacturers and Dealers. 
 
 Tifft Furniture Co 
 
 Furs — Manufacturers. 
 
 Ruppersberg, Charles P 
 
 GAS Fixtures— Importers. 
 Glenny, W, H,, Sons & Co 
 
 Glass Goods— Manufacturers. ' 
 
 Ball Bros 
 
 Gloves — Manufacturers. 
 
 Baker, S, & Co 
 
 Glue — Manufacturers. 
 
 Evans, Richard & Son 
 
 Grain Commission Merchants. 
 
 Wilbur, E. B. &Co 
 
 Grain Dryers— Manufacturers, 
 
 Mey, F. H. C 
 
 Grocers— Wholesale. 
 
 Heinold, Charles J 
 
 Miller, Greiner & Co 
 
 Keller, Henry D -Digitized- 
 
 . 200 
 . 240 
 
 179 
 205 
 
 73 
 245 
 
 187 
 24S 
 
 163 
 
 227 
 
 117 
 
 108 
 
 -254 
 
 89 
 
 81 
 
 119 
 
 175 
 161 
 84 
 
 138 
 
 193 
 
 119 
 
 224 
 
 226 
 
 105 
 
 133 
 
 268 
 
 167 
 136 
 
 203 
 
 87 
 116 
 
 107 
 245 
 
 237 
 
 157 
 
 148 
 165 
 
 Grocers — Wholesale and Retail, 
 
 Churchill's, C. P. Sons 168 
 
 Kinnius, Frank H 255 
 
 Shanley Bros 348 
 
 Gunpowder — Agency. 
 Bidwell, Clinton 102 
 
 HARDWARE— Retail, 
 Hauck, Adam 103 
 
 Hardware — Wholesale, 
 
 Rebstock Stove Co (The) 153 
 
 Walbridge & Co 109 
 
 Harness— Manufacturers. 
 
 Shifferens & Sons 231 
 
 Hats and Caps— Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Hat Manufacturing Co 172 
 
 Queen City Hat Manufacturing Co ISO 
 
 Vickers, J. W 230 
 
 Heaters— Manufacturers. 
 
 Stewart Heater Co (The) 154 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 Arlington (The) 229 
 
 Crandall House — 93 
 
 Mansion House (The) 163 
 
 Spencer House 86 
 
 Stafford (The) 152 
 
 House Furnishing Goods— Wholesale. 
 
 Walbridge & Co 109 
 
 Hydraulic Cement — Manufacturers, 
 
 Buffalo Cement Co. (Limited) 97 
 
 TNH ALB RS -Pocket. 
 
 i Smith, W. H. & Co 133 
 
 Interior Hardware Finish — Manufacturers, 
 
 Metz, Bark & Meyer 135 
 
 Insurance— Accident, 
 
 Buffalo Mutual Accident Association (The) . , , 225 
 Iron, Hardware, etc. — Wholesale. 
 
 Reals <fc Brown ,195 
 
 Iron Works, / ' 
 
 Bingham & Taylor ,..,,, 146 
 
 Howard Iron Works 207 
 
 JEWELERS, 
 
 t) Dickinson, T, & E 209 
 
 Jewelry, etc, — Dealers. 
 
 Hibbard Bros., Agents , 181 
 
 Jewelers — Manufacturing, 
 
 Genlner, Valentine, Jr 183 
 
 Schneider & Betz 200 
 
 Jewelers' Findings — Manufacturers. 
 
 Wiesbauer, J 192 
 
 T AND COMPANIES. 
 
 -L Ozark Plateau Land Co 223 
 
 Land Plaster, State— Manufacturer. 
 
 Ross, J, H 113 
 
 Laundries, 
 
 Farmar, M, E. Mies 182 
 
 Troy Laundry 257 
 
 Wendell, John & Son 116 
 
 Laundries — Steam. 
 
 American Palace Steam Laundry 129 
 
 Dunham, John C 168 
 
 Willsey, E, D 235 
 
 Lead Pipe — Manufacturers. 
 
 Cornell Laad Co 91 
 
 Lead— Sheet and Bar— Manufacturers. 
 
 Cornell Lead Co 91 
 
 Leather Belting — ^Manufacturers, 
 
 Bickford & Francis 169 
 
 Leather — Hemlock Sole— Manufacturers. 
 
 Bush & Howard 112 
 
 Leather — Wholesale. 
 
 Root & Keating 82 
 
 Lithographers. 
 
 Cosack&Co 95 
 
 Livery Stable. 
 
 Callahan, R 171 
 
 Live Stock Yards, 
 
 Crocker, L. B., Sup't 143 
 
 Lounges — Manufacturers. 
 
 Fromm & Co 194 
 
 Lounges and Mattresses— Manufacturers, 
 
 Holland & Vilas 104 
 
 Lumber and Timber— Manufacturers, 
 
 Elias,G, & Bro 166 
 
 Lumber Dealers. 
 
 Kurtz 244 
 
 ii^i^icMsm 
 
TEE INBUSTRIEB OS BUFFALO. 
 
 261 
 
 830 
 
 191 
 198 
 
 0^ 
 
 Lumber — "Wholesale. 
 Hazard, C. P 
 
 MACHINISTS. 
 BroTvn, A. H 
 
 Kehr& Duffy 
 
 Magic Cleaner— Denier. 
 Montague, George .. 221 
 
 Maltsters. 
 
 Fisher Bros. & Co 181 
 
 Kam, John 191 
 
 White & Crafts 847 
 
 Manning, John B 75 
 
 Meyer.J.O 835 
 
 Schaeler & Bro .836 
 
 Mantels^-Marbleized Slate. 
 Schwartz&Co 886 
 
 Men's Furnishing Goods — Manufacturers. 
 Exatein & Co. 74 
 
 Mercantile Association. 
 Mercantile Ass'n of the United States (The). . 199 
 
 Mills— Flour. 
 
 Harvey & Henry 99 
 
 National Globe Mills 119 
 
 Urban&Co 184 
 
 Mill Gearing — Manufacturers. 
 Tifrt, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 
 
 Monuments — Manufacturers. 
 McDonnell & Sons 121 
 
 Musical Goods — Importers. 
 Kuhn, Charles & Co 148 
 
 Musical Merchandise — Importers. 
 Denton & Cottier 81 
 
 Music Publishers. 
 Denton & Cottier 81 
 
 Mustard— Manufacturers. 
 Gentsch, B. F. & Sons 123 
 
 NATURAL GAS FUEL. 
 Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Co 215 
 
 Newspaper. 
 Buffalo Saturday Mercury (The) 208 
 
 )ILS — Lubricating— Manufacturers. 
 Backus H.M. Oil Co 804 
 
 Bitter & Kasson 196 
 
 Oils— Refiners. 
 
 Holmes & Adams 882 
 
 Pease, F.S 192 
 
 Opticians. 
 
 Burnham, E. S., Dr 167 
 
 Ullenbruch, J. H. & Co 144 
 
 Organs and Pianos— Manufacturers. 
 Hintermeister (The) Organ and Piano Co 188 
 
 PAINTS, Oils, etc.— Wholesale. 
 Georger, Frank L 120 
 
 Post, John C 144 
 
 Vlergiver, Jacob 199 
 
 Painters — House, Sign, etc. 
 
 Kneis, John 183 
 
 White, H.G 158 
 
 Painters— Sign. 
 
 Elsheimer, George 187 
 
 ScottSignCo 93 
 
 Paper Box Manufacturers. 
 Drescher, C. J. & Son 214 
 
 Paper Hangings— Importers. 
 Neupert, A. & Co 156 
 
 Paper— Manufacturers' Agent. 
 Bull, Williams 243 
 
 Photographers. 
 
 Bliss Bros 124 
 
 Potter.JohnE 99 
 
 Taft.O.A 101 
 
 Van Norman, J. M 184 
 
 Photographic Supplies. 
 Tucker, Dayid & Co 79 
 
 Pianos. 
 
 Denton & Cottier 81 
 
 Kuhn, Charles & Co 148 
 
 Moeller, Edward 828 
 
 Pickles — Packers. 
 Gentsch, B. F. & Sons 183 
 
 Picture Frames and Mouldings. 
 
 Tucker, David & Co 79 
 
 Tiffany, W.C 170 
 
 Fiscicnlturist. 
 Ambrose, Bobert _...._. 282 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
 Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters. 
 
 Whacker & Davis 107 
 
 Portable Forges — Manufacturers. 
 
 Star Machine Co. 141 
 
 Printers — Art. 
 
 Matthews, Northrnp & Co 173 
 
 Printing Inks — Manulacturers. 
 
 Buflalo Printing Ink Works 174 
 
 Produce Commission. 
 
 Lenbard, Louis A. & Co 79 
 
 Richardson, Charles 131 
 
 Produce — Wholesale. 
 
 Johnson, Wallace 180 
 
 Richardson, Charles 181 
 
 Propeller Wheels — Manufacturers. 
 
 Tlfft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 
 
 Publishers. 
 
 Cosack & Co 95 
 
 Quick Lime— Manufacturers. 
 
 Robs, J. H 113 
 
 Wllliamsville Quick Lime Co 136 
 
 REAL ESTATE AGEKTS. 
 Bork, Joseph 217 
 
 Real Estate Brokers and Agents. 
 
 Zink&Hatch 836 
 
 Real Estate Dealers and Brokers. 
 
 Homillon, B. B. & Co 848 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance. 
 
 Bell, John A 118 
 
 Mahoney,T.J 115 
 
 Mooney, James 114 
 
 Refrigerators- Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Refrigerator Manufactory 208 
 
 Heinz & Munschauer 180 
 
 Registers, Ventilators, etc.— Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Register Works 142 
 
 Restaurants. 
 
 Swan-Street Cafi 812 
 
 Riggers and Sallmakers. 
 
 Baker. Howard H 78 
 
 Rubber Goods— Dealers. 
 
 Buffalo Rubber Co 210 
 
 Rubber Goods — Manufacturers. 
 
 Goodyear Rubber Co 150 
 
 Rubbers — Wholesale. 
 
 Walker.W.H 96 
 
 SAND— Dealers. 
 Fox&Hollowny 217 
 
 Sash, Blinds, etc. — Manufacturers. 
 
 Jaeckel, Jacob 828 
 
 Sewer Pipe— Agents. 
 
 Ross.J.H 113 
 
 Sewer Pipe, Tile, Terra Cotta, etc.— Manuf 'rs. 
 
 Lyth,J.<fcSons 234 
 
 Shipbuilders- Lon, 
 
 Bel], David 175 
 
 Ship Chandlers. 
 
 Baker, Howard H. & Co 78 
 
 Shirts— Manufacturers. 
 
 Dunham, John C 168 
 
 Farmer, M. E., Miss 182 
 
 McClure. Eloeser & Eggert 138 
 
 • Queen City Shirt Co 165 
 
 Wendell, John & Son 116 
 
 Silverware — Importers. 
 
 Glenny, W. H., Sons & Co 87 
 
 Slate Mantels. 
 
 Empire Slate Mantel Works 212 
 
 Schwartz & Co 326 
 
 Soap Manufacturers. 
 
 R. W. Bell Manufacturing Co. (The) 839 
 
 Stamping Works. 
 
 Shepard, Sidney & Co 211 
 
 Stained Glass — ^Manufacturers. 
 
 Booth &Riester Ill 
 
 Steamboat and Engineers' Supplies — ^MaQuf'r. 
 
 McCutcheon, Samuel . . 184 
 
 Steam Engines— Manufacturers. 
 
 Kehr & Duffy 193 
 
 Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 
 
 Steam Engines and Locomotives— Mannfact'rs. 
 
 Bell, David 175 
 
 Steam Forges, 
 
 Gould & Stimson 258 
 
 Stenographer. — Macnoe, George 844 
 
262 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 stenographic School. 
 
 Slocum, William H 189 
 
 Stereoscopes, Albums, etc. 
 
 Tucker, David & Co 79 
 
 Stock Farms— Ciittie. 
 
 Niagara Stock Farm 197 
 
 Eichmond, Jewett M 233 
 
 Stock Farms — Horses and Cattle. 
 
 Howard (The) Stock Farm 201 
 
 Stone — De.ilers. 
 
 Ambrose, Robert 222 
 
 Fogelsonger, D. K. & H 240 
 
 Stone, Lime and Cement. 
 
 Straub, Peter G 214 
 
 Storage. 
 
 Buffalo Storage and Carting Co 147 
 
 Stoves — Manufacturers. 
 
 Co-operative Stove Co 115 
 
 Eebstock Stove Co. (The) 153 
 
 Stoves— Retail. 
 
 Hauck, Adam 103 
 
 Surveyor and Bngineer. 
 
 Davey. Marsden 125 
 
 TAILORS— Custom. 
 Schulz, Fred 181 
 
 Tailors- Fashionable. 
 
 Chambers, Frank C. 200 
 
 Kurtz, Qus. E 160 
 
 Tailors — Importing. 
 
 Haffa, J. G.'s Sons 134 
 
 Laird & Co 124 
 
 Tailors — Merchant. 
 
 Lightner & Goettel 229 
 
 O'Brlan & Sons 143 
 
 Schafer, F. J 183 
 
 Tanners. 
 
 Bush & Howard 112 
 
 Root & Keating 82 
 
 Theaters.— Academy of Music 159 
 
 Threshing Machinery— Manufacturers. 
 
 Pitts Agricultural Works 126 
 
 Tobacco, Cigars, etc. — Wholesale. 
 
 Winship, B. L 182 
 
 Tobacco and Cigarettes— Manufacturers. 
 
 DavU & Brown 257 
 
 Tricycles— Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Tricycle Co 145 
 
 Trimmings — Manufacturer. 
 
 Kyle, George M 159 
 
 Type Writers — Manufacturer and Agent. 
 
 Slocum, William H 189 
 
 YETERINARY SURGEON. 
 Claris, John T , Ur 185 
 
 WAGON MAKING and Blacksmlthing. 
 Coyle, James 195 
 
 Wall Paper.— Clark & Allen 82 
 
 Watchmakers and Jewelers. 
 
 Schaefer, G. & J 172 
 
 Whips— Manufacturers. 
 
 Baker, S. & Co 107 
 
 White Lead— Manufacturers. 
 
 Cornell Lead Co .91 
 
 Window and Plate Glass, etc.— Wholesale. 
 
 Viei'giver, Jacob 199 
 
 Wines and Liquors— Wholesale. 
 
 Helnold, Charles J 148 
 
 Keller, Henry D 196 
 
 Kerr. A. T. & Co 213 
 
 Wire Rigging and Tackle. 
 
 Baker, Howard H. & Co 78 
 
 Wooden Goods Manufacturers. 
 
 Buffalo Novelty Wood Turning Co 237 
 
 Woodworking Machinery — Manufacturers. 
 
 Star Machine Co 141 
 
 Wood Vulcanizing. 
 
 Buffalo Wood Vulcanizing Co. (The) 219 
 
 ADVERTISERS' INDEX. 
 
 ARCHITECT. 
 Humble, P. W 263 
 
 Attorneys. 
 
 Baker & Schwartz 274 
 
 Colgan, John H 274 
 
 Axes — Manufacturers. 
 Francis Axe Co, (The) 270 
 
 BATTING -Manufiii-turers. 
 Buffalo Batting Mills 269 
 
 Bed and Foot Warmer. 
 
 EvansJS. T. & Co 271 
 
 Billiard Hall.— Slaght, D. A 274 
 
 Books — Publishers. Importers and Dealers. 
 
 Marquis, A. N. & Co 276 
 
 Buttons- Manufacturers. 
 Shantz, Jacob Y. & Son 266 
 
 CASTINGS— Manufacturers. 
 Shepard Hardware Co 275 
 
 Commission Merchants— Grain. 
 
 Wright, A. P. & Son 273 
 
 Copper, Sheet Iron and Tin Works. 
 Ruckel. J. H. & Co 272 
 
 DRILL PRESSES. 
 Sand. Paul 273 
 
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. 
 Wilson Chemical Fire Extinguisher Co 267 
 
 Flour — Manufacturers. 
 
 Banner Milling Co 267 
 
 Foundry.— Ketcham, A. E 274 
 
 Furnisher and Shirt Maker. 
 Moore 265 
 
 HARDWARE SPECIALTIES— Manufacturers, 
 Shepard Hardware Co 275 
 
 Heatine and Ventilating Apparatus. 
 
 Suramerhays, C. K 274 
 
 Hinges— Manufacturers. 
 
 Shepard Hardware Co 275 
 
 TNSUKANCE AGENCY. 
 
 i Hall, Nathaniel & Son 272 
 
 Iron Works — Howard Iron Works 270 
 
 T UBRICATING OIL— Manufactuf»iv5iiyi7p/-/ hv fl, 
 J Buffalo Lubricating Oil Co. (USmi).?.". .^S'T 
 
 Jj 
 
 MEDICO-ELECTRIC INHALER. 
 Bnrnham & Dunham 271 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 Saturday Mercury (The) 270 
 
 OYSTER HOUSE. 
 Lntz, William O 868 
 
 PANTS and Vests — Manufacturers. 
 Superior Manufucturing Co 265 
 
 Pattern and Model Maker. 
 
 Colson, Fred A 272 
 
 Photographers. 
 
 Bliss Bros 265 
 
 Nason&Son 264 
 
 Printing.— Grant, the Printer 269 
 
 Publishers.— Elstner Publishing Co. (The) . ... 275 
 
 RAILROAD. 
 The Lackawanna Eoute 275 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance. 
 
 Thorn & Angell 268 
 
 Eeal Estate Dealers and Brokers. 
 
 Hamilton, B. B. & Co 266 
 
 Rough Leather — Manufacturers and Dealers. 
 
 Mason, S. L. & Bro 272 
 
 CHOW CASE Works. 
 
 IJ Kruse, H. W 268 
 
 Sign Painter. — Elsheimer, George 273 
 
 Stationers and Printers. 
 
 Adams&White 270 
 
 Steam Forge.— Gould & btimson 274 
 
 Stoves and Ranges. 
 
 Swift and Stambach 272 
 
 Sugar, Rice and Coffee Machinery Manuf 'rs. 
 
 George L. Squier Manufacturing Co. (The) . . . 263 
 
 TYPE and Electrotype Founders. 
 Lyman's N. Sons 272 
 
 WATCHES, Clocks and Jewelry Dealer. 
 Edwards, J. S 274 
 
 Watchmakers and Jewelers. 
 
 Crissy & Co 273 
 
 Wines, Liquors, etc. — Omphalius, George 269 
 
 W.-.D', I'lv-'. ,31ieep Leather Manufacturer. 
 Sirauss.TSI '. 272 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 263 
 
 ^ W. HUMBLE, 
 
 ARCHITEGT. 
 
 
 ^00V^ \0 OtKVM^U \US. S'^ti-G. 
 
 THE GEORGE L SQUIER M'F'G CO., 
 
 SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
 
 ' . American Sugar, Rice and Coffee machinery. 
 
 No. S3 Carroll Street, bUFFjVLO, N. Y., 
 
 J. W. LEWIS & CO., • • ■ 
 
 ■ . - WHOLESALE DEALERS IN . . • 
 
 # Teas, Coffees and Spices, 
 
 Fine Groceries, Etc. , 
 
 Nos. 558 AND 560 WASHINGTON STREET, 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 P ^^^-z^ • ^ 
 
 IJanufaclurers of Goldeij Crown Baking Powder aijd origiijators of Jug Mustard. 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
264 
 
 A D VEB TISEMENTB. 
 
 oA^tJcnlfdc. 
 
 ^NKW^ 
 
 Cor. Main and Clinton Streets, 
 
 OCCUPYING TWO ENTIRE FLOORS, COVERING AN AREA OF 11,000 SQUARE FEET, 
 BEING THE LARGEST ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KIND IN THE STATE. 
 
 o o o o 
 
 We have the finest light, all the latest improvements, new instruments, experi- 
 enced artists, and make strictly first-class work by the 
 
 ^'^ 
 
 Which is far superior to the Old Style. 
 
 o o o o 
 
 1^" (saPP aT|t) (&ee ^'^'^pf® °f ©^oriC, af^ti T9earn price4i. 
 
 o o o o 
 
 MAIN STREET, NO. 403, 
 
 'R ^ ^0R, 6UFFAL0. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
ADVEBTISEMENXa. 265 
 
 Buss BROS., 368 
 
 IVIain. Street, 
 
 COR. EAGLE, 
 
 y^ 
 
 ^ ©rr T 5iaffafo, a. N/. 
 
 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR VIEWS OF RESIDENCES, STORES, FACTORIES, ETC., 
 TAKEN AT SHORT NOTICE. • ■ • COMMERCIAL AND RAILWAY • '■ '■ '■ 
 ■ ■ ■ PHOTOGRAPHING WILL RECEIVE OUR SPECIAL ATTENTION. • ■ ■ 
 
 W[OORE 
 
 
 THE FURNISHER AND SHIRT MAKER. 
 
 \ dogpIelsB Line of lV[en'^ Fuifni^hirg ^qo^$. 
 
 ORDERS BY MAIL WILL REQEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION, 
 315 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Superior Manufacturing Co., 
 
 . JvlANUFjfVCTURERS OF • • . 
 
 ^ '^ ^ FLANNEL SHIRTS AND OVERALLS. ^ ^ ~ 
 
 .A, .A. yv 
 
 Office AND Fastohy, • • 
 
 78 Pearl Street, 
 
 Henry Haetsilein, 
 
 F*roprietor. 
 
 BUFF/\LO; J\J. Y. 
 
 17 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
266 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 B. B. HAMILTON. L. A. SMALLWOOD. 
 
 B. B. Hamilton & Co., 
 
 DEALERS AND BROKERS IN 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 STOCKS, BONDS AND MORTGAGES NEGOTIATED. 
 RENTS COLLECTED AND TAXES PAID. 
 
 AGENTS FOR NON-RESIDENT LAND OWNERS. ABSTRACTS OF TITLE AND TAX 
 SEARCHES FURNISHED PROMPTLY. 
 
 No. 20 West Swan Street, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 (see page 242.) 
 
 J. Y. SHANTZ, D. B. SHANTZ. 
 
 J ACOB Y. SHANTZ & SON, 
 
 ANUFACTURERS OP 
 
 iJir^e 'blnei^ of 
 
 * * * ^/ rrraHK * • * 
 
 Batt8r)s 
 
 H e H Berlin, ONT. 
 
 RANCH FACTORY : 
 
 B 
 
 • 14 WELLS STREET, 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 267 
 
 RCTNERiMILLmGiCO.^ 
 
 (@) 
 
 ^Proprietors of Banner Mills^ 
 
 SUPERLy\TIVE, 
 
 BEST, 
 
 EXCELSIOR, 
 
 Hj «^B y\ N N E R ,f 
 f^ STELLy\, 
 <.4BUFFy\L0|^ 
 
 Capacity, i,ooo Barrels Per Day= 
 
 G: 
 
 Billii F^^stss. 
 
 i^ 
 
 OFFICE, NOS. 204 AND 206 MAIN STREET, 
 
 B-a":F:F.A.XiO 
 
 a»Ca.».-u.fa.ctTa.rerB of • 
 
 -Ghemical fire Engines. 
 
 Donble Globe Engines.— To be drawn by Horses. Two Sizes. 
 
 Doable Globe Engines. — To be drawn by Men or Horses. Two Sizes. 
 
 Single Globe Tillage Engines.— Three Sizes. 
 
 ■Wareliouse Engines. — For Factories, Stores, Oil Works, Warehouses, Halls, Public Buildings, 
 Flour Mills, Cotton Mills, Saw Mills, etc. 
 
 Portable Fire Extlngalshers. — " Useful Everywhere," for Fire Departments, Public and 
 Private Buildings, etc. 
 
 Stationary Globes* — With Standpipe and Hose connections on every floor. Especially adapted 
 for high buildings. 
 
 Send for DescriptiTe Circniar and Prices, or call at their ofBce, Buffalo, K, T. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
268 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 O. B. MATTHEWS, President. HIRAM BENEDICT, Treasurer. 
 
 BUFFALO LUBRICATING OIL CO, • 
 XillillTElnS, 
 
 OFFICE AND STORE, No. 55 Main St. WORKS, Elk St., 
 
 -^ Boston Office, 30 Purchase StT ^ BUKKALO, N. Y. 
 
 . REFINERS OF . 
 
 Petroleum and its Products, 
 
 Cylinder Oils and Stocks, Oar Oils, &c. 
 
 ILLUMINATING, LUBRICATING, 
 
 Filtered and Leather Oils 
 
 OF THE FINEST QUALITY. 
 
 G. L. THORNE. ......... B. P. ANGELL. 
 
 THORKE & ANQELL, 
 
 Real Estate^ Insurance 
 
 Rddixl 3; Nd, 202 Main Streetj 
 
 OFFICE HOURS, 10 TO 12. BUF'F'AlLCDj B'o, Y« 
 
 TKLEFHONE No. 5 8 3. 
 
 ESTABLISBED 1869. 
 
 MANUFACTU 
 
 H. W. KRUSE, 
 
 ^IZ SHOW-CASES 
 
 In Metal, Celluloid, Walnut and Imitation Mahogany, &c, 
 flo4>. d04 al^tj d06 ©aft ^freet, eefcoeen Qagfe ai^b (ifinfon. 
 
 A Complete and Full Assortment of SHOW CASES Constantly on Hand. 
 
 rWILLIAM O. LUTZ,: 
 
 _^ ° 2 °_ vv I i—i_irvivi \j. L-vj I ^,_^ 2 s ?_ 
 
 lE'lBOIE'IiT-FITOB. 
 
 Brooklyn Oyster Rous: 
 
 OYSTEF^S SEF^/ED IN ALL STYLES. 
 No. 13 EAST ^vIOHA^?VK: STREET, 
 
 ^='"°V„''d^''SDlpS?.°'^'" ^BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
A D VEB TISEMEN T S. 
 
 269 
 
 )RT PRESERVATIVE 
 
 M 
 
 AIL ORDERS SOLICITED 
 
 "THE PRINTER " 
 215 Main Street, BUFFALO. 
 
 "THE PRINTER " 
 
 SAMPLES SENT FREE. BUFFALO. 
 
 J. A. SCHRECK, PROPRIETOR 
 
 OF THE 
 
 o o 
 
 ATTING: 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN 1880 
 
 M', 
 
 LLS, 
 
 o o o 
 2H Terrace, corner Mechanic St., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 COTTON B ATTING IN A LL GRADES 
 
 The product of tliese mills is guaranteed unsurpassed in quality and finish. The 
 mechanical equipment includes the latest and most improved machinery, with a capacity 
 of Ten Thousand Batts daily. With the unrivaled shipping facilities from this city, 
 better freight rates can be secured to any point, especially in the West, than from any 
 competitors in the cotton helt or elsewhere, consequently our prices defy competition. 
 
 Send for our late Price List and Samples. 
 
 Sales for 1886 about 3,000,000 Batts, weighing about 1,350,000 lbs., or 635 tons. 
 
 J. A. SCHRECK, Buffalo, N. Y, 
 
 GEO. OMPHALIUS, 
 
 IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 
 
 And URIOA BITTERS, 
 ifl Sole Agency for the Famous 
 
 i Rob. Co. Bourbon and Silver Greek Rye, 
 
 I^o. 36? Ellicott Street, 
 
 Opp. Washington Market, BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 Digitized b}i^MiQmsci^fi:E no. ssii. 
 
270 
 
 AB VEBTI8EMENT8. 
 
 1BS3 
 
 -ESTaBLISHELl- 
 
 ^oKiLarQxii ^ ©y§lfe. 
 
 -lasE 
 
 SUCCtSSORS TO 
 
 ii^Mitijiii mm sMOTimiv 
 
 Binders and BLANK B00K PRanufacturers,--V^:^ 
 
 209 &211 MAIN ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 BoDk, Job, riallrnad and CDmniBrcial Printing, 
 
 The Saturday Mercury, 
 
 AN EIGHT - PAGE WEEKLY PAPER, 
 
 Sworn-to Circulation, £@,®@@ Copies per Week. 
 
 SOLD IN EVERY VILLAGE WITHIN 500 MILES OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Book and Job Printing of Every Description. 
 
 Q 
 
 STIMATES ON AlL CLASSES OF WoRK CHEERFULLY GiVRN. 
 
 W. J. McCAHILL, Prest. 
 -^ JOHN FISHER, Sec. & Treas. 
 
 The Francis Axe Co. 
 
 ^^1^^^ BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 REST AXE • • • 
 IN THE WORLD 
 
 ORDER THE ALL-STEEL AXE. 
 
 REGULAR." 
 
 WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 
 AND PRICE LIST. 
 
 Howard ironworks, 
 
 • • • BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 Manufacturers of PATENTED r-. 
 
 F~OR 
 
 Safety Elevators , 
 
 stores, hotels • 
 
 ■ •• MANUFACTORIES. 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
AD VERTI8EMENT8. 
 
 271 
 
 THE WONDERFUL 
 
 HeBIGO-[LEGIRIG IlALER. 
 
 A CERTAIN AND RADICAL CURE FOR 
 
 CATARRH, HAY FEVER, WEAK EYES, NEURALGIA, 
 NERVOUS HEADACHE, and CATARRHAL DEAFNESS. 
 
 A PERFECT ANTIDOTE AND CURE FOR MALARIA. 
 
 It is folly to dose the stomach for diseases of the air 
 passages, throat and lungs, the rational treatment of which 
 is by inhalation and the strengthening of the organs by a 
 gentle current of electricity. Both of these essentials are 
 provided for in the 
 
 MEDICO-ELECTRIC INHALER 
 
 above illustrated. The Inhalant is a newly discovered remedy, the only known and 
 unfailing specific for the troubles named. The Inhaler itself is an elegant nickel 
 plated receptacle, fitted with a screw-cap at the top and a screw-plug at the bottom, 
 containing, besides an ingenious little battery, a sufficient supply of the inhalant to 
 last a year. When exhausted it can be replenished at small expense. Four months of 
 careful treatment will cure the worst case of Catarrh, and other diseases yield in a 
 proportionately brief space of time. The Inhaler can be carried in the pocket without 
 inconvenience, is neat and clean, and the treatment rather pleasant than otherwise. 
 
 PATENTED AND MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 BURNHANI & DUNHANI, 
 
 390 Main Street and 62 Niagara Street, BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 PRICE, $10.00, Sent by Mail or Express on receipt of price. 
 
 ^ D U N H A M'S^ ^ 
 
 BED AND FOOT WARMER. 
 
 The accompanying cut presents a view of this latest 
 and best device for the warming of beds and feet and the 
 application of disinfectants. As a bed warmer it is 
 simply filled with hot water, placed under the covers, 
 and requires no farther attention. It is a gratifying 
 1 ux ury to the sick, and a comfort to those who suiff er with 
 night chills and cold feet. It is also of inestimable value 
 to physicians and others who are compelled to drive 
 long distances in cold weather. It is made of planished 
 copper or brass (as preferred), will hold about four 
 quarts, and retains heat for a long time. In the center 
 is a well or chamber provided with a screw- cap, which 
 
 mav be. filled with disinfectants, from which they are , „ .w » 
 
 rapidly and thoroughly disseminated purifying the AflSr'clamber"' "cSpaclty! 
 beds or rooms of the sick, destroying unhealthf ul germs. Quarts, 
 and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. 
 
 WALBRID6E & CO., Gen'l Agt's for Buffalo and Yicinlty, 
 
 317, 319 and 321 Washington St., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 Address, G. T. EVANS & CO., 60 NIAGARA ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
 -Dig- 
 Four 
 
272 
 
 AD 7ERTI8EMENT8. 
 
 Nathaniel Hall & Son, 
 
 Bu^TkLo General Insurance KctucN, 
 
 FIRE, LIFE AND ACCIDENT 
 
 * InsaraiiGe. « 
 
 OJMLY FIF(ST-eLy\SS GO.'S F^EPRESENTED 
 
 ROOM 8, HAYEN BUILDING, 
 
 S. W. Corner Main and Seneca Streets, 
 ^■cjF'^'.a-XjO, ST. -s-. 
 
 N. LYMAN'S SONS, 
 
 Type and Electrotype Founders, 
 
 36 WEST SENEGA STREET, 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 •y VPE and Wood Type from all other 
 Factories and Foundries at as low rates 
 
 as any other House. 
 
 Printing Presses and Machinery 
 
 of all kinds. 
 
 Terms, Net Cash. 
 
 « 
 
 ^IIFT^STAMBJiGH 
 
 ■ • • Proprietors Buffalo Branch * ■ 
 
 JJichigan ^toVe do., 
 
 109 AND 111 EAST SENECA ST., 
 
 - - Stoires, Ranges, - - 
 - - - IN BUF'F'.A.LO. - - - 
 
 J. H. RUCKEL & CO. 
 
 (successors to Geo. W. Shaw), 
 
 Copper, Sheet Iron and Tin Works 
 
 FLUiUBINO, GAS AND STEAM FITTING. 
 
 ol^vt.Rs \<> BR^ss goops. \ROt> ?\pe ^u^i 7m\uGS. 
 
 EhqINEEBS' AMD MaoHIHISTS' SUFFLIRS. 
 
 Pumps of all descriptions, Hemp and Rubber Packing, 
 
 BELTINO AND HOSE. 
 
 T?S?T?y M?^Y, } SI Main St., Buffalo, III. Y. 
 
 Steamboat, Elevator, DlBtillery, Brewery, Tannery, 
 Malt House and Sugar House Work a Specialty. 
 
 FRED. A. COLSON, 
 
 Pattern f Model Ifdl^er 
 
 S. L. Mason. 
 
 B. F. Mason. 
 
 S. L. MASOH k BRO, 
 
 JVIAI^UFACTURERS AND DEy\LEF^S 1^1 
 
 p.ough J-ieather, 
 
 HSALTEDtSHEEP<>SKINS+ANDtWOOL,^ 
 
 210 SCOTT STREET, 
 
 Adjoining American Grape Sugar Works, 
 
 BUKKALO, N. Y. 
 
 Cash Paid for Hides, Calf and Sheep Skins. 
 
 M. STRAUSS. 
 
 GBORGH STRAUSS. 
 
 M. STRAUSS, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 COR. CHICAGO AND GRANGER STS., 
 
 HOWV\RD IROJM WOR.KS BUILDING. 7°^ Wllliani 011661, 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. I Buffalo, N.Y. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 273 
 
 WILL REMOVE IN APRIL TO NO. 335 WASHINGTON ST. 
 
 PAUL SAND, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Drill Presses, 
 
 ALFBBD P. WRIGHT. ALBERT J. WRIGHT, 
 
 A. P. Wright & Son, 
 
 Gernrnissien MercF^anls 
 
 No. 33 Washington Street, 
 
 • • In Stocks, Bonds, Grain, Provisions - • 
 
 T\TTTS \\\0^ ^NOS\V,S B\)\VO\NG, 
 
 PTTTTTfATA AT V 
 
 
 'O. 
 
 (Successors to F.E. Parsons and Castle &Sloi]e, 
 
 AT D. B. CASTLE'S OLD STAND,; 
 
 Idtctinidlieis I Jewelers 
 
 DEalErs in G-ald and Silver WatcliESj Silver^warE, 
 
 Ciainnnds, Etc, 
 
 -i Repairiijg a Specialty. J^Il Work Pronjptly Done aqd Warrai)ted. y- 
 
274 
 
 AB VEBTISEMENTS. 
 
 J. S. EDWARDS, . 
 
 oi^.^R '^ — iWata^ps, (? lacks 
 
 — AND- 
 
 No. 213 MAIN STREET, 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 Walcl;)es. Clocks, Etc., Repaired and Warranted. 
 
 (6. K. SUMMERHAYS, 
 
 D. A. SLAGHT, 
 
 -^American Billiard Hallh 
 
 394 Mam St., 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 Steam and Water 
 Heating ^^ Ventilating 
 Apparatus, 
 
 226 PEARL ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 TtvLPHDHti'ae Formerly E. H.CookCo., Limited. 
 
 A. R. KETCHAM, 
 
 foundry, 
 
 OFFICE, 389 Wi^SHlNGTON STREET, 
 
 BUI PALO, N. Y. 
 
 Kulcliniu's Slop Vulve lloxes Tur Street Water Qlulne and 
 Service Pipe. 
 
 Castings of all kinds furnished promptly, at 
 reosunable rates. 
 
 ^ofia <3-r. <lofgan, 
 
 Couijselor at Law, 
 
 BUFF/\LO, J\. Y. 
 
 404 My\IN STREET. 
 
 LAW OFFICES 
 
 OF 
 
 BAKER 8c SCHWARTZ, 
 
 ROOMS 30—33 
 
 n-^-:rs:iT E-tD-iXjXJiiro-, 
 
 COR. MAIN AND SENECA STS., 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 CHARLES A. GOULD. 
 
 HENRY B. STIMSON. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
AD VEBTISEMENTS. 275 
 
 Chas. G. Shepard. Established in 1 866 by John D. Shepard. Walter J. Shepard. 
 
 Shepard Hardware Co. 
 
 MAMMOTH FOUNDRY 
 
 HARDWARE • SPECIALTIES. 
 
 — Ss^ — ■ 
 
 s^ <f 
 
 OFFICE AND WORKS: 
 
 ■ ■ Foundry Floor, 300x265 Feet. ■ ■ ■ R I I P P A I O M Y 
 
 ^ ... Maiij Building Covers aboul 3K Acres • • DUirAL-^Jj IN. T . 
 
 DeLAWAF^E, L/\eKAWAJMJNA jAND VVESTEI^N RAILROAD ©0. 
 
 THE Shortest Line— Buffalo to New York and Philadelphia. 
 • . . • ; . . - . Smoothest Track, Quickest Time, Finest Scenery 
 
 PULLMAN Sleeping, Buffet and Drawing-Room Cars on all through trains. • 
 The Only Line via the Famous Water Gap. 
 
 W. F, HALLSTEAD. W. F. HOLWILL. IRA S. BEERS, 
 
 General Manager, General Passenger Agent^ Western Passenger Agent, 
 
 Scranton, Pa, 26 Exchange Place, New York. 11 Exchange St., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 The ElgtqeJ DuHi^pg (3o. > — 
 
 (Successors to J. M. Elstner & Co.) 
 
 Jl;e Industries of ^an f rancisco, Palifornia, 
 /■ * yi;e Industries of |^ew Prleans, Louisiana. 
 
 '^ -^.^ T'?^ Industries of ^t. Pouis, Missouri. 
 
 .yA^S^ y Jl^e Industries of jliinneapolis, Minnesota. 
 
 y*' yi Jl;e Industries of pouisville, |{entucky, 
 
 Jl;e Industries of Buffalo, f(ew York. 
 
 Digitized by Microsoft® 
 
276 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 B66KS BY MAIL . B86KS BY Mflll;. 
 
 A.N. MARQUIS & CO. 
 
 214, 216 and 218 S. Clark Street. CHICAGO, III. 
 
 Publishers, Importers and Booksellers 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FOR SUPPLIES FOR 
 
 SINGERS, ELGGUTIQNIS'FS, fiGTGRS, PDBMG SPEAKERS, 
 
 CSTSLOGUES SENT| WOTf/T? PTf7 |7 T^ (7 ( CSTSLOGUES SENT 
 ON fiPPLICSTION. ) y VJIvI^LI U>!DLlr\.A3 ( on SPPLICSTION. 
 
 A Tj-sr book: oit 
 
 ELOCUTION, ORATORY, STUTTERING, STAMMERING, EXPRESSION, VOCAL PHYSIOLOGY 
 
 and HYGIENE, VOICE PRODUCTION, SINGING, ACTING, VISIBLE SPEECH, 
 
 ARTICULATION-TEACHING OE THE DEAF, ACTING-PLAYS, Etc. 
 
 ANY BOOK, AMERICAN OR FOREIGN, NOT IN STOCK, WILL BE PROMPTLY 
 SECURED. BOOKS IMPORTED IN SHORTEST TIME. 
 
 BOOKS SENT BY MAIL TO ANY ADDRESS. 
 
 r:Hr[-Booi(s for lEjiGHEiiMrHr 
 
 ATiT, BOO^IS 03Sr 
 
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