Corne 11 XHniverstt^ Xibrar^ OF THE IRew l^orl^ State College of agriculture \\.c:^.,..3!.O..S>.'2.. I820 Cornell University Library SF 193.J5G72 1909 About Jersey cattle, the butter breed. 3 1924 002 984 312 ABOUT Jersey Cattle THE BUTTER BREED By R. M. GOW THIRD EDITION, 1909 NEW YORK THE AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB CopykiqIht, 1909, «v The American Iersev Cattle Club V. Index PAGE Adaptability of tlic Jersey to all Climates 24 Adelaide of Bccchlands 168699 ( portrait and rceor ]da Marigold 32615 (portrait and record ) jo- Improvement of the Breed S, 12 Interested Prince 58224 (portrait and reconl ) _^,(> Is Jersey Milk Too Rich ? ^3 Island of Jersey 5 Jacoba Irene 146443 (portrait and record ) 5-', 55 Jersey Belle of Scituatc 7828 (portrait and record ) I'j. Index — Continued 3 PAGE Jersey (The) in America 11 Jerseys in the Great Pvibhc Dairy Tests 13 Kathletta's Fancy 60738 ( portrait and record ) 2), Landseer's Fancy 2876 (portrait and record ) i\ Loretta D. 141708 ( portrait and record ) 40 Magyarland's Temisia 134765 ( portrait and record ) 45 Mary Anne of St. Lambert 9770 (portrait and record ) 15 Matilda's Interest 188175 (portrait and record ) 37 Merry Maiden 64949 (portrait and record) 18 Merry Maiden's 3d Son 60516 (portrait and record ) 30 Mertha's Duchess 170810 (portrait and record ) 35 Methods of Testing Dairy Cows 36 Milk Yield in Relation to Live Weight 40 Motto of the American Jersey Cattle Club 12 Native Environment of the Jersey 8 Ninetta's Duchess 141693 (portrait and record ) 34 Objections to the Jersey 33 Olive Dunn 188832 (portrait and record ) 47. 48 Peer's Surprise 144248 ( record ) 47 Position of the Jersey Amongst the Dairy Breeds 34 Precautions in Purchasing Jerseys 26 Publications of the A. J. C. Club 64 Public Competitive Tests 36 Qualities of the Jersey 22 Rations for Jerseys, Suggestions in Regard to 32 Register of Merit 17 Rosaire's Olga 4th's Pride 179509 (portrait and record) 50, 51 Royal Jersey Agricultural Society g St. Louis Public Test 38 Scale of Points for Bulls 63 Scale of Points for Cows 62 Selection of Jerseys 24 Specialization of (I^attle Breeds 5 Spermfield Ov/1 57088 (portrait and record ) 30 Spermfield Owl's Mertha 170849 (portrait and record ) 31 Standards of E.xcellence 16 Tests 16, 55, 57 Tormentor 3533 ( portrait and record ) 21 Tormentor's Lass 59832 (portrait and record ) 22 Torono 25204 (portrait and record) 23 What the Year's Tests Show 55 Which is the Best Dairy Breed ? 35 Widening Demand for the Breed 10 Yields in Year's Tests 56. 57 CHARLES FRANCIS PRESS, NEW YORK FARMER'S GLORY 51 OO Imported in i&So. Sire of six tested daughters wliose tests average i6 lbs. 9 oz. butter, m seven days. ABOUT JERSEY CATTLE |HOSE who become interested in Jersey cattle feel at the start the need of some information in regard to the breed that has either captivated their fancy or presented them with the opportunity of profitable handling, or both. To meet this demand the present pamphlet has been published, with the view of giving such concise information as the busy man may find time to read, without endeavoring to treat exhaustively the subjects mentioned under the various heads, the object being' simply to give the beginner an introduction to the Jersey cow, believing that the acquain- tance is almost sure to continue and ripen. Specialization of Cattle Breeds One of the most striking charac- ^^^^^^^^^^^m^^Z^^^^^^^Z^^ teristics of our modern economic progress has been specialization — the devising of the ways and means best suited to obtain specific results. The breeding of cattle was one of the first industries to feel the effect of this ten- dency, and the various specialized breeds of to-day are the result, developed from races of cattle that, originally, were but indifferently fitted for any par- ticular purpose, and which were utilized for beef, for milk, for butter, for ploughing or other draught purposes, as occasion required. They were dual- purpose or multi-purpose animals. The demand for superior beef cattle led to the selection and development of the Shorthorn, the Aberdeen-Angus and other breeds, and the demand for superior dairy cattle has brought to general attention the Ayrshire, the Brown Swiss, the Holstein-Friesian, the Guernsey, and the Jersey breeds. The Island of Jersey Jersey, together with the other Islands of the ^;;2^^Z^^^^^^^^^^^3 group .which lie in the English Channel near the French coast, formed part of the ancient Duchy of Normandy, and when the Duke of Normandy. William the Con- queror, became King of England, Jersey was part of his possessions. When About Jcrscv Cattle ALPHEA 171 One of the foundation stock Jerseys of America, tlic daughter of imported parents, dropped ^[arch ii, 1863. five }-ears before the organization of the A. J. C. Club. A great number of .\nierican-bred Jerseys trace back to this cow. Normandy was restored to France, the Channel Islands remained English possessions. Jersey is the largest of the group, being eleven miles from cast to west, and about seven and a half miles from north to south. Its area is about sixty-two square miles, or 39,680 acres. It has an agreeable and ecjuable climate, noted as a health resort. About 25,000 acres are under cul- tivation or used for pasture, and the population is about 56.000. The Jersey an Old Breed The origin of the cattle ])cculiar to the •^^"~'^^*^^^~^^"^^^~^^^~ Island of lersey is unknown, but they have been isolated for such a long time from admixture that the influences of climate, food and care have differenti- ated them from any other breed. They were established very early as a dis- tinct breed. In the eighteenth century the characteristics of Jersey cattle About Jersey Cattle DOMINO OP DARLIIVUTOIV a4.j» A member of the old Darlington Herd. Dropped April i, 1875. Alphea type. were pronounced, and were generally recognized, especially their adaptability for btitter-making. The people of Jersey evidently decided, many years ago. that they were in possession of a valuable breed of cattle, for in 1789 their legislature passed an act prohibiting the importation of foreign-bred cattle, imposing a heavy fine in money for any breach of this law, as well as for- feiture of the vessel employed, and providing for a fine on every member of a ship's crew who should fail to notify the authorities of any attempt to evade the law. Subsequent laws have been equally stringent, and no cattle are imported into the Island of Jersey, except for immediate slaughter. Cattle sent away from the Island for any purpose cannot be brought back again, for fear the cows may have been served by bulls of some other breed. In 1801 it was considered that a good Jersey cow could produce from 225 to 340 pounds of butter in a year. About Jcrscv Cattle In 1834 systematic efforts to improve the breed were begun in Jersey, by the Jersey Agricultural Society. A scale of pomts was drawn up to guide in the selection of animals for breeding purposes. The great and principal aim of the Island of Jersey breeders had always been a good yield of butter, and from the time mentioned above there has been, combined with this, considerable attention paid to the dairy conformation and general beauty of the breed. Native Environment The land in Jersey is divided into small hold- ^;^^^^^3;^^^^^^^^^_ ings. A'ery few farms contain over fifty acres. The common size of farm has from fifteen to twenty acres, but there are many much smaller holdings. ]\Iost of these farms are freeholds — that is, they are the property of the farmers ; which fact renders the farmers of Jersey superior to, and more independent than, the peasantry of most of the rest of Europe. This system of small farms has no doubt had a considerable influence on the formation of the Jersey type of cow. The land is at once so valuable and so productive that a sort of "garden" cultivation is the rule, with deep ploughing and heavy manuring. The mildness of the cli- mate in winter is phenomenal for the latitude. Oranges and lemons ripen in the open air, and flowering shrubs may be seen in December. The pastures are green and nutritious the year around. This environment has produced the Jersey cow — an animal small in size compared with some other breeds of cattle, docile, domestic, and highly specialized for the production of rich milk. The Jersey farmer tries to have his cows calve during the first three months of the year. They are housed at night during the winter, being brought in about Tour o'clock in the afternoon, when they are milked, each receiving about three-quarters of a bushel of roots and some hay. At eight o'clock a bundle of straw is given to each. In the morning they are milked and fed about six o'clock, again receiving the same allowance of roots and hay, and at nine are turned out to pasture. Farmers endeavor to drv their cows about a month or six weeks before calving. Bran mashes are given them about the time of calving, and for a fortnight thereafter, the only time this food is used. The bull calves intended for veal are fed the milk of their dams for about six weeks. The heifer calves are invariably reared. About two weeks after calving cows are turned out on grass during the daytime, if the weather be fine, the general custom being to tether them. About every three hours they are moved and tethered in a fresh spot. They are watered in the morning and also at noon, and in warm weather again in the evening. About Jersey Cattle BOMBA 10330 Record in official butter-test; 21 lbs. 11J/2 oz. in seven days, Oct., 1882. The first cow tested officially under the rules of the Club. An Alphea-Rioter type, Dar- lington Herd. From May to October they arc allowed to remain out at night. During the summer, cows are often milked three times a day, and during the warm weather are brought into the stable for a few hours during the heat of the day. A cow is in her prime at six years of age, and is considered to remain so until ten years old. The Royal Jersey Agricultural Society publishes the Island of Jersey Herd Book, and through its rules of entry seeks to induce breeding from the best stock, and in other ways to maintain the excellence and stimulate the advancement of the breed. Any Island cow obtaining either first, second, third or fourth prize, or certificate of merit, at a departmental show is eligible to the Herd Book as foundation stock. The produce of qualified stock is eli- gible to the Herd Book. When the first calf of registered stock is presented for entry, the dam must also be presented for examination and qualification. About Jci-sev Cattle COOMASSIE 11874 Dropped in 1S71, imported Jan., 1881. Island of Tersev test, 16 lbs. 11 oz. butter in seven day>. Winner of lirst prize oyer Jersey in iS70,'i87-, 1S7S, 1S79 and iNSo also lour lir.^t Parish prizes, 1874 to 1876. Animals approved by judges appointed by the Society arc entitled to the quali- fication or rating "C." (commended), and those judged to he of exceptional merit are entitled to the qualification "H. C." (highly commended 1 . Widening Demand for the Breed Jersey cattle were imp.rted ^^^^^^^^^^^^^Z^ZI^^^^^Z^^^Z into England before 1800, and the demand for them in that country has endured ever since. Later, th.e breed became known in the United States and Canada. l->ance for a long time has been an importer : Den- mark, where dairying is one of the staple industries, cannot be fully supplied from the Island; .\ustralia demands them and has a Jersey breeders' associa- About Jerscv Cattle Kl'ROTAS 2454 Dropped Aug. 13, 1871. Rioter-Alphea t\pc, Darlington Herd. Record in a private test for one year begun Nov. 10, 1879, 778 lbs, i oz. butter. tion ; the same is true of New Zealand. Japan, Russia, Spain, the Canary Islands, South Africa, Egypt, Brazil, Cuba. Central America, Mexico and Hawaii have all been importers of the Jersey. The Jersey in America it is known that a cow from the Channel ^^^^^^^^^^^^^Z!^Z^^Z Islands was brought to America in 1817. but whether this was a Jersey is not posi- tively known, although very probably so. The foundation stock of American Jerseys were cattle imported in 1850 by Messrs. Thomas Motley, of Massa- chusetts; John A. Taintor, John T. Norton, and D. Buck, of Connecticut. Many others afterwards imported animals at different times, and importations have been almost continuous until the present. Very soon Jersey breeders in the United States felt the need of organization and the establishment of a About Jersey Cattle herd book. In 1868 JMessrs. S. J. Sharpless, Geo. E. Waring, Jr., C. M. Beach and Thos. J- Hand requested the concurrence of the leading breeders, and a meeting was held in Philadelphia which resulted in the organization of the American Jersey Cattle Club and the institution of its Herd Register. Forty- three breeders constituted the original organization, and 708 members have since been elected, including breeders in every part of this country and Canada, many of them men prominent in business, in the professions or in statesman- ship. The living members number 430. The initiation fee is $100, and this acts as a deterrent to a very large membership. The Club, however, exists for the benefit of all breeders and owners of Jersey cattle, its Herd Register being open to all. It is chartered under the laws of the State of New York, "for improving the breeding of Jersey cattle in the United States." The motto of the Club, " Omnis pecunice pecus fiindamentum," meaning " The herd is the foundation of all wealth," was suggested by Mr. T. J. Hand, dug out of his store of classical knowledge, and goes back to antiquity, to the days of ancient Rome. Farmers' associations were not unknown in those days, and in an account of the discussion at one of their meetings there is preserved the remarks of one Scrofa, who said, in concluding an address: "Therefore it is the science of caring for and feeding the herd, in order that the greatest profits possible may be taken from it, from which wealth itself is named" \_pccus, cattle; pcciinia, wealth, originally property in cattle]; "for the herd is the foundation of all wealth." After the lapse of many centuries. Farmer Scrofa's dictum is as pertinent as ever. Advance of the Breed Since their introduction into some of the ^^IIIZZ^^^^^^Z^^Z_^_^^ Eastern States in 1850, Jersey cattle have been distributed, in greater or lesser num- bers, throughout every State, Territory, and Canadian Province, and during recent years have been exported from the United States into Brazil, Mexico, Central America, Cuba and Japan. The breed has become thoroughlv accli- mated and inured to the various conditions of soil, feeding, and climate to be found in their wide Western home. Some of its characteristics have no doubt become somewhat modified and improved to meet American conditions and requirements. On this continent Jerseys have become more rugged in appear- ance, have developed more ".guts and constitution," and present record: of performance that have never been known or attempted on their native Island. Although the breed may still need the benefit to he derived from the admixture About Jersey Cattle 13 LAA'DSEER'S FANCY a87f; Record in private test, 936 lbs. 1454 oz. butter in one year ; test begun when cow was II yrs. 2 mos. of age. Above picture sliows her at age of 10 yrs. of judicious importations from the Island of Jersey, there is no question but that American Jerseys are the best suited to American conditions; and in ability to fulfill their chief function — the production of butter — American Jer- seys are second to none. This and other valuable qualities have been not only perpetuated, but augmented, by the work of American breeders. That the breed is not degenerating, but being improved, in this country is borne out by the results in the two great public tests, made under official supervision, in which representative Jerseys were entered, one at the Colum- bian Fair at Chicago, in 1893, and the other at the Louisiana Purchase Ex- position, at St. Louis, in 1904. For both tests twenty-five Jerseys, chosen representatives of the breed, were entered^ and in both tests the Jersey proved the most economical breed for dairying purposes. Taking the first ninety days of the St. Louis test and comparing the feed and yields of milk and fat with those in the ninety-days' test at Chicago, the showing is as follows: .-Ihoiit Jc'rscv Cattle JERSEY BEI^LE OF SCITIATE TS^S Drrippcd JuK 10. 1871. Record in private test, 705 lbs. butter in one year. Her udder measured 5 ft. 3 in. in circumference. The tweiity-tivc co\vs at Chicago ate in ninety days 8,926 lbs. more grain than the twenty-five at St. Louis, whereas the latter ate 20,784 lbs. more roughage than the Chicago herd. The St. Louis herd constmied 1452. oS lbs. grain per head, on the average, against 1810.03 "^^' gr^ii'i per head in the case of the Chicago herd. The average grain ration per head per dav at St. Louis was 16.14 lbs., and at Chicago it was 20.11 lbs. Of niughage the St. Louis herd consumed an average of 2985.24 lbs. per head, against ,87 lbs. for the Chicago herd: an average of 33.17 lbs. per head per day at St. Louis and 23.93 'bs. at Chicago. The ciuantity of milk produced was 23,036 lbs. more at St. Louis than at Chicago, being an average increase of over ten pounds per head per day. The milk of the .St. Louis herd was produced at a cost in feed of 543-5 cents per hundred pounds. The milk of the Chicago herd cost in feed nearly 80 cents per hundred pounds. About Jersey Cattle MARV ANNE OF ST. LAMBERT !)770 The most noted member of the St. Lambert family. Record in private test, o7 lbs. 1434 oz. butter in one year. The butter-fat produced at St. Louis was 860 lbs. more than that pro- duced at Chicago, an increase of 342-5 lbs. per head. The estimated pro- duction of 85 per cent, butter at St. Louis was 1,012.85 lbs. more than at Chicago, an increase of 4014 lbs. per head for the ninety days. The cost in feed of one pound of butter at St. Louis was 10 1-5 cents, whereas the cost in feed of one pound of butter at Chicago was 14 1-5 cents, showing that the Jersey cows at St. Louis were not only much better pro- ducers as regards quantity, but were also more economical producers. Cliinatic conditions at St. Louis in summer are not so favorable for lar<^e yields as they are at Chicago : but notwithstanding this, the Jersey herd at St. Louis made a much more favorable showing, tending to prove that in the interval of a decade Jersey cattle in America had been improved both as milk- producers and as butter-producers. i6 About Icrscv Cattle The Herd Register Animals are admitted to the Herd Register on ' purity of blood alone, without regard to individ- ual quality. Animals imported from the Island of Jersey, animals of the Jersey breed bred in England tracing back in an unbroken line to Island-bred stock, and the descendants of such animals dropped in the United States or Canada, are alone eligible to registration. This implies that no animal dropped in the United States or Canada can be entered unless both its sire and dam are already in the Herd Register. Appli- cation for registration must be made out on a regular form supplied by the Club, which form shows the necessary recjuirements as to certification of breeding. The fees for registration are $i per head to members of the Club and $2 per head to non-members. There have been issued up to the present time sixty-five volumes of the Herd Register of the Club, and 309,000 animals have been registered — an at- testation of public conviction as to the merits of the Jersey cow, as well as of public confidence in the wisdom, rectitude, progressive yet conservative management of that institution which has had so great a part in the introduc- tion and development of the Jersey — the American Jersey Cattle Club. Tests of Dairy Performance 'f'le value of accurate records of pro- ^^^^^^^^^^^__^_^^^^^^^^^ duction in showing the dairy value of an animal, and in guiding the breeder in making selection of breeding animals, has long been recognized by the A.merican Jersey Cattle Club, and liberal provision has been made for the reception and publication of all sorts of such records, both private and official. Six different kinds of records are provided for under the rules of the Club, as follows : I. Confirmed butter tests; 2. Authenticated fat estimates; 3. Authenti- cated milk records ; 4. Private butter tests ; 5. Private fat tests ; 6. Private milk records. From this it will be seen that every opportunity is provided for putting on record any meritorious performance, but the authenticated fat estimate for a year's period is becoming more and more important as the best measure of the dairy ability of the Jersey. The standard of a superior Jersey cow, as set by the Club, is the ability to produce, as a minimum, fourteen pounds butter, or twelve pounds butter- fat, in seven days ; an avera.ge butter production of two pounds butter per About Jersey Cattle 17 COUNTESS MATILDA 74928 Record in confirmed test: milk, 270 lbs. 3 oz. ; fat, 16 lbs. 15.5 oz. ; churned but- ter, 19 lbs. II oz., in seven days. She holds the record for largest yield of butter- fat in confirmed test for seven days, and is the first cow entered in the Register of Merit. day for any period up to ninety days ; a production of five hundred pounds of butter in one year ; a production of from two hundred and sixty pounds to four hundred pounds butter-fat in one year, according to the age of the cow; a production of from 6000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs. of milk in one year, accord- ing to age. Register of Merit I" 1903 ^" important step towards the further ^ZZ^^^^^^^Z^^^^^ improvement of the Jersey breed was taken by the Club in the establishment of the Register of Merit, "with the purpose" (to quote the official announcement) "of raising to a still higher standard the average excellence of the Jersey cow, and of secur- ing an additional authoritative and permanent record to which reference can be made in the selection of breeding animals." Animals must first be entered in the Herd Register before being eligible for entry in the Register of Merit. A bull is admitted to the latter Register in Class A after scoring eighty per About Jersey Caitlc MERRV MAIDEN •»* « * ij. -"^i -^4^ J HOOD FARM TOROXO 0032C He has seven daughters in Register of ?\Ierit and is No. 12 therein. He is a son of Torono 25204 (page 23) and of Tormentor's Lass 59832 (page 22). Scored 91 counts by John O. Couch. The ready adaptability of the Jersey to the various climates and agricul- tural conditions to be met with throughout the world is proved and illustrated by the way in which the breed has spread over the American continent from Alaska to Central America. Over all this vast range of territorv. embracing every climatic extreme of cold, heat, moisture and drought, Jersev cattle are kept with profit and bred with success, maintaining their peculiar and valu- able characteristics and transmitting them to their offspring. Large and suc- cessful Jersey herds have been raised everywhere from Quebec to Louisiana and Texas, from JMaine to California. Selection of Jerseys in choosing a Jersey cow, appearance conies first, " as being most readily judged of. Solid-colored, or almost solid-colored, animals are very generally preferred, as a matter of taste, but white markings of greater or lesser extent are no indication either of admixture of the blood of another breed or of dairy inferiority. The general health and apparent constitution of the cow are mat- About Jersey Cattle 25 KATHIiETTA'S FANCY C073S She has a private test of 17 lbs. 6^ oz. butter in seven days. She is the dam of Hood Farm Pogis 40684 (page 27), also the dam of Hood Farm Kathletta's Fancy 178404, the latter entered in Register of Merit on authenticated record of 323 lbs. 4.8 oz. fat in one year, test begun at age of i yr. 11 mos. ters of prime importance to be looked into. She should show good depth through the body when viewed from front or rear, with a capacious barrel, indicating a good feeder. The udder should be large and well rounded out, both in front and rear, with large and evenly-placed teats. The milk-veins should be prominent, the back level, the eye large and placid, the hide soft and pliable and of a yellow color. The very best way of determining the merits of any dairy cow is to use a pair of scales to ascertain the quantity of the milk and a Babcock tester to ascertain its quality, or percentage of fat. The ancestry of the cow is also well worthy of careful attention; for if she comes of good dairy strains, similar qualities are to be expected in her. As to the particular family to which she may belong, it is well to re- member that there are good Jerseys to be found in all families. The Register of Merit of the A. J. C. Club already presents a valuable record to be referred to in the purchase of first-class breeding animals. 26 About Jcrscv Cattle Aii^ StlB^ MS k ^ vmyiffliBP'' ^^_ /T rW^T/K^^^^kj^''^ ■ mSK '^%. 1 ^L^hmhIBS^H^^H^HI^^^ ^ ^ ^MW rim A -'-,„ \' •'- -i- iF t" " ^ -i ' *■ ? ^U !. , ■' FIGGIS 7«10« Record in confirmed test: milk, 293 lbs. 7 oz. ; fat, 16 lbs. 1.3 oz. ; churned but- ter, 19 lbs. 0.5 oz., in seven days. Scored 92 counts by John O. Couch. Xo. 4 in Register of ?ilerit. Dam of Hood Farm Pogis gth 55552 (page 28) and daughter of Sophie's Tormentor 20883. No. 4 in Register of Merit. In buying Jerseys, it is desirable to find out first if the animal has been reg- istered, and a certificate of transfer to the buyer should in all cases be obtained from the seller, upon which the bull service, if the animal is pregnant, should be stated. This certificate should be at once forwarded to the ofiice of the American Jersey Cattle Club for record, as a fee is charged therefor if the transfer is not received within ninety days from the date of the change of ownership. A little attention to these simple preliminaries often saves a world of trouble in the future registration of progeny, as does also the keep- ing by the breeder of accurate records of service and dates of dropping of calves. The owner of Jersey cattle, be it remembered also, is invited to com- municate with the Secretary of the American Jersey Cattle Club, 8 West 17th St., New York, and obtain any information in regard to registration, transfer, etc., with the necessary blanks, free of charge. About Jersey Cattle 27 ^pflP** FABM l»OjSIS ■^' < 'i4^>''it'^ . ','W^i lbs. of concentrates as a good ration for dairy cows. With good pasture, of course much less feed would be needed. Indeed, many Jersey cows have made good butter records on grass alone. The feed should be properly balanced as to the proportions of roughage and concentrates, protein foods and carbohydrates. Granting that the Jersey herd at St. Louis were properly fed. Professor Scovell suggests the follow- ing: Roughage, 21 lbs. alfalfa hay and 12 lbs. corn silage: grain, 3 lbs. wheat bran, 5 lbs. corn meal, i lb. ground oats, 2 lbs. oil meal, 5 lbs. gluten feed and About Jersey Cattle 29 HOOD FARM TRUT 189747 Record in authenticated test for one year, begun when she was 3 yrs.~ 3 mos. old : 9963 lbs. 8 oz, milk, 544 lbs, 0.8 oz. fat, equivalent to 642 lbs. 8 oz. butter 83% fat. She was scored 97 counts by John O. Couch and is No. 409 in Register of Merit. She is a granddaughter of Hood Farm Torono 60326 (page 24) and of Hood Farm Pogis 9th 55552 (page 28), being an in-bred Sophie's Tormentor cow. Sophie's Tormentor is No. 4 in Register of Merit and is the sire of Figgis 76106 (page 26). J--2 lb. cottonseed meal per day. The amount of feed and its proportions should depend, however, on the capacity of the cow. After exhaustive study of the records, Prof. T. L. Haecker considers that all the cows in the St. Louis test received twice as much protein as was requisite and more carbo- hydrates than needed, their feed being nearly twice the amount given in or- dinary feeding; that the Jerseys were fed daily per cow 2. 121 lbs., the Hol- steins 3.688 lbs., and the Brown Swiss 5.889 lbs. more nutriment than was assimilated. In view of this, the above ration could be very much reduced with advantage. At the Missouri Agricultural College a Jersey cow that pro- duced 1226 lbs. milk, containing 60.4 lbs. fat, in a month, produced it on the following ration per -day : 3.5 lbs. corn, 3.5 lbs. bran, 1.5 lbs. oil meal, 3.5 lbs. oats, 15 lbs. corn silage and 15 lbs. alfalfa hay, amounting to 12 lbs. grain and 30 lbs, roughage per day. Cows with a tendency to lay on fat should have 30 About Jersey Cattle SPERMFIELD OWL 570SH He has ten daughters in Register of ^lerit and is No. of Spermlield Owl's ^lertha 170849 (page 31). therein. He is the sire less of the carbohydrates, or fattening foods, such as corn meal and oats, and more of the proteids, such as bran, gluten feed, alfalfa and cottonseed meal. On the other hand, cows inclined to excessive leanness should have feed with more of the fattening elements, especially during their " dry " period. Over-feeding of protein elements is likely to do more harm than an excess of feed contain- ing the carbonaceous elements. The Connecticut Experiment Station recommends for a cow in full milk a ration made up of i2y> lljs. hay, 2 lbs. cottonseed meal, 5 lbs. corn meal and 5 lbs. wheat bran. The 1906 report of this station states: "Cotton and linseed meals, the gluten and wheat feeds, distillery and brewer's grains and a few other standard things supply digestible protein at reasonable prices. They are all that any feeder needs to supplement and balance the hav, silage, stover and corn meal which his farm produces. They are the only commer- cial feeds which will supplement them. It is absolutely impossible to balance the feed which the farm produces with boughten feed containing less than About Jersey Cattle 31 SPBRMFIELD OWL'S MBRTHA 170849 Record in authenticated test for one year begim when she was 3 yrs. i mo. old ; 8423 lbs. 6 oz. milk, 455 lbs. 10 oz. fat, 538 lbs. 3 oz. butter 83% fat. Scored 9854 counts by John O. Touch ; No. 24 in Register of ^Nlerit. A daughter of Spermheld Owl 57088 (page 30). fifteen per cent, of protein, which is more than many commercial feeds con- tain. On a well-managed farm there is no need to buy starchy feeds nor a single oat hull nor any chaff." Economic feeding means greater profit, and it consists in not only select- ing the best feeding stuffs, a proper balance of the ration and the proper quan- tity, but also in utilizing as far as possible the products of the home farm, and thus keeping down the feed bill. The following is quoted from U. S, Dept. of Agric, Bulletin No. 22: " The cow requires not only materials for maintenance, but must also have protein, fat and carbohydrates to make milk from. ... If insufficient protein, fat and carbohydrates are contained in the food given her, the cow supplies this deficiency for a time by drawing on her own body, and gradually begins 32 About Jersey Cattle to shrink in quantity or quality of milk, or both. The stingy feeder cheats himself as well as the cow. She may suffer from hunger, although her belly is full of swale hay, but she also becomes poor and does not yield the milk and butter she should. Her milk glands are a wonderful machine, but they cannot make milk casein (curd) out of the constituents in coarse, unappetizing, in- digestible swale hay or sawdust any more than the farmer himself can make butter from skim-milk. She must not only have a generous supply of good food, but it must contain sufficient amounts of the nutrients needed for mak- ing milk. Until this fact is understood and appreciated, successful, profitable dairying is out of the question." A dairy cow weighing 850 lbs. in full milk will consume about 25 lbs. dry matter daily. The exact amount has to be determined by studying the capacity of each cow. Bulletin Xo. 11, U. S. Dept. of Agric, has a ver}' in- teresting table showing the feeding value of mill products, grains, green fod- der and hay, which should be of great value to the dairyman in selecting feed- stuffs. It will be seen from this table that cottonseed meal is the most con- centrated of all feed-stuffs, containing over 50 per cent, protein and over 18 per cent, fat; linseed meal comes next with 32.9 per cent, protein and 7.9 per cent, fat, then gluten meal and grano-gluten feed with 29.4 per cent, protein, then buckwheat feed with 28.9 per cent, protein, etc. A number of suggestions as to rations is appended, which the feeder may use as bases, utilizing such feeding stuffs as may be available from his own farm, supplemented by cottonseed meal or such other mill product rich in protein as is the most easily procurable and cheapest in his locality, always considering food value ; (A) 1214 lbs. hay, 5 lbs. corn meal, 5 lbs. wheat bran, 2 lbs. cottonseed meal. (B) 2 lbs. cottonseed meal, 3 lbs. corn meal, 3 lbs. wheat bran, 15 lbs. grass, hay, clover or fodder. (C) 2 lbs. cottonseed meal, 6 lbs. corn meal, 8 lbs. good hay, corn fodder or clover, 8 lbs. cow-pea vines. (D) 30 lbs. ensilage, 7 lbs. hay, 7 lbs. shorts, 3 lbs. cottonseed meal. (E) 16 lbs. clover hay, 6 lbs. corn meal, 6 lbs. bran or ship stuff, 4 lbs. cottonseed meal. (F) 6 lbs. clover hay, 6 lbs. cut or shredded corn-stalks, 6 lbs. corn and cob meal, 3 lbs. cottonseed meal. In regard to grain rations, the following suggestions are from the Massa- chusetts Experiment Station : About Jersey Cattle 33 (A) One-third bran, one-half gluten feed, one-sixth cottonseed meal. (B) One-third bran, one-third cottonseed meal, one-third corn meal. (C) One-half distiller's grains, one-sixth cottonseed meal, one-third corn meal. (D) One-third cottonseed meal, one-third flour middlings, one-third corn meal. (E) One-half corn meal, one-fourth cottonseed meal, one-fourth oat mid- dlings or rj'e feed. Seven pounds is the usual quantity to be fed daily to cows producing 10 to 12 qts, of milk. The richer the milk the more food needed. Objections to the Jersey Numerous objections are continuously " brought against the Jersey cow, and as some are met and disposed of, others arise as the breed spreads and gradually takes possession of the dairy field, displacing inferior animals. These objections come from three classes: those who have been prevented from giving the Jersey a fair trial by preconceived prejudice, those who have tried her and for various reasons have failed to make a success of it, and those whose vested interests would lie jeopardized by the more general adoption of the Jersey cow. The three classes of ob- jectors are to be altogether discounted. The testimony of those who have tried the Jersey breed, who have succeeded with it, and who, consequently, thoroughly understand it, is the only testimony worthy of consideration, and such testimony may be obtained in almost unlimited amount. When first the advocates of the Jersey claimed for the breed the char- acteristic of giving milk of more than ordinary richness there was no Bab- cock test to prove it, and doubters shook their heads over churn records. Now that the richness of Jersey milk has been placed beyond cavil by thou- sands of reliable chemical tests, both publicly authenticated and private, we are told that it is too rich to be wholesome or desirable for man or beast, and that its fat content is abnormal. Dr. J. A. Gilbert, not by any means prejudiced in favor of the Jersey, in an article advocating the use of a milk showing low fat percentage for infants and invalids, writes : " Where good digestion, adults eating a mixed diet, and highest commercial value per quart are the only elements to be dealt with in choice of a milk, the Jersey is un- doubtedly the preferable milk." It will be noticed that the charge of being too rich has been brought against Jersey milk by the advocates of " thin- 34 About Jersey Cattle MIVETTA'S DUCHESS 141(J!>3 She has a record of i6 lbs. 8.3 oz. fat in seven days, authenticated, was scored oS'/' counts by John O. Couch, and is No. 256 in Register of Merit. She is a daugh- ter of Theda's Duke of Portage 41762, who has twelve daughters in Register of Merit. milk " breeds only. It has never yet been determined whether it is three per cent, milk or five per cent, milk that is the more abnormal. If milk can be abnormally rich, it can also be abnormally thin. This objection to the Jersey will eventually go to the same limbo as the others have done, and the Jersey cow will still remain pre-eminent in the dairy for quality of product^ economy of production and beauty of type. Jersey cattle have held a prominent place in the estimation of the dis- criminating American public ever since their introduction. At first they had the first-class dairy field pretty well to themselves, but various breeds of milch cattle have been introduced and are now put forward to claim a share of public patronage. These other breeds have their places, their merits, and their advocates, but the Jersey still remains established by public competitive tests as " Queen of the Dairy," the most economic producer of that richest fruit of the dairy, gilt-edged butter. About Jersey Cattle 35 MBRTHA'S DUCHESS 170.S10 Record in authenticated test for one year begun when cow was 4 yrs. 3 mos. old : 9580 lbs. I oz. milk, 487 lbs. 13.5 oz. fat, 575 lbs. butter 8370 fat. Scored 93J4 counts by John O. Couch; No. 20 in Register of Merit. Which Is the Best Dairy Breed ? Various methods of testing cows ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^J^I^^^HJZZ^^ to ascertain their dairy qviality have been inaugurated by the different breed associations — butter tests, butter-fat tests and milk tests sim- ply — applied either privately by the owners of the cows or else supervised by representatives of Agricultural Colleges or Experiment Stations. Most of them have been for short periods, a week or so, while some have been con- tinued for a whole year. Good records have been made by cows of various breeds. Large yields, however, especially if the test periods are short, are not the best criterion of the dairy value of a cow. Persistency in milk-giving, being one of her most valuable qualities, must be exhibited also. Then, again, large yield may be made at too great a cost in feed, so that " economic pro- duction " has properly become the aim of the dairyman. 36 About Jcrsev Cattle fNTERESTEO PRINCE^ ■■2tr*f--: IXTERESTKD PRIXCE .'S224 An imported bull. He has twelve daughters in the Register of ^lerit and is No. 15 therein. Scored 98 counts by John O. Couch. Sire of ^Matilda's Interest 188175 (page 37)- Constant efforts are being made to convince the public on the question: Which is the most profitable dairy breed? The supervised tests made by the different breed associations have this object somewhat in view, besides being: designed to improve the breeds by affording a means of knowing what are the best individual animals to breed from. Cost of production can rarely be certified to, however, in these tests. The Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions, in their laudable eft'orts to furnish information to the public, which is the purpose they are instituted for, have to use such cows as they can get hold of for experimentation, and these animals are not always of the best. Private tests made by the owners of the cows are effective only so far as the char- acters of these owners as to truthfulness and reliability are known, and con- sequently these tests cannot fully satisfy the general public. What tests, then, can be relied upon as best illustrating the compara- tive merits of the dairy Ijreeds ? Clearly, public competitive tests in which are entered picked representatives of the dairy breeds, selected, fed and About Jersey Cattle 37 MATILDA'S INTEREST 1MM175 Record in authenticated test for one j'ear begun at the age of 2 yrs. 9 mas. : 6612 lbs. II oz. mill;, 308 lbs. 4.9 oz. fat, 362 lbs. 14 oz. butter 83% fat. Scored 96 counts by John O. Couch ; No. 204 in Register of ]\Ierit. A daughter of Interested Prince 58224 (page 36). handled by their friends, but where the testing is done by impartial officials and watched over by rival interests, accurate records being kept of the amount of feed consumed as well as of the cow's production. Two such tests of representative national scope have been held, the one at the Colum- bian Exposition, Chicago, in 1893, and the other at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, in 1904. At the former the competing breeds were the Jersey, the Guernsey and the Shorthorn; at the latter they were the Jer- sey, the Holstein, the Brown Swiss and the Shorthorn. The Jersey has, there- fore, met at least her principal rivals in open competition, and, as far as these breeds are concerned, the " battle of the breeds " has been fought and won, and the victory lies emphatically with the Jersey. What did these tests prove? They proved that the Jersey is the best and most profitable dairy cow in the world. 3S About Jcrsev Cattle The Chicago Test ^Vithom inflicting up^m the reader tlie nia>s of offi- ' cial statistics in the cases (jf the two great com- petitive tests mentioned, the results mav be stated liriefly. At Chicago three tests of matnre cows were made, covering one hun- dred and forty days. In each separate test and in ah together the Jerseys ga\-e more niill<, produced more cheese and more butter, at less cost and of higher quality, than the other breeds. The Jerseys, in consequence, carried off the sweepstakes awards, viz.; I'"or best cow of anv breed (Merry Maiden 64949), for the lie.'t five cows in any breed, and for the best breed competing. See page 58 for full statement of the awards. The St. Louis Test Speaklngof the St. Louis test. Prof. E. H. Farring- '^^^~^^^~~*^~~^^'~~ ton says : " There is no fiction in these World's Fair records." J-Jon. \\". D. Hoard, proprietor oi Hoard's Dairyman, writes : " ^^'e all owe the American Jersey Cattle Club a lasting debt of gratitude for its persistence in bringing about a dairj' cow demonstration pure and simple." Prof. IM. .A.. Scovell says: "The tests at St. Louis were con- ducted in a manner that leaves no doubt as to the accuracy of the results." Prof. H. S. Redfield. Columbia L'niversity. writes : " The importance of the dairy demonstration [at St. Louis] can hardly be over-estimated, and the agricultural press of the country can render no more valuable service than by presenting the results of this demonstration in a clear and concise man- ner to those millions of farmers who have neither the time nor the inclina- tion to themselves analyze official reports." Mr. \\'. R. Goodwin, Jr., asso- ciate editor of The Breeders' Gazette, writes; "The St. Louis demonstra- tion, conducted in the fierce light of publicitv that beats upon a world's ex- position, projects the remarkable results in the dairy barns with such unchal- lenged force and directness as to brush the blinding cobwebs from the eves of manv farmers." Prof. T. L. Haecker, L'niversity of Minnesota, savs that " the test of the productive capacity, economy of production and staving pow- ers of dairy cows at St. Louis was the best public demonstratic^n ever made. Each breed was in charge of its friends, and was. therefore, afforded everv opportunitv to do its best. The character of the men in charge, the careful records kept, the remarkable results obtained and the just deductions make it an historical event in dairy-cow development." This test at St. Louis occupied a period of one hundred anil twentv davs, the cows being entered in two classes: Class ,\, for the economic produc- tion of butter; Class B, for the economic production of mi'k for all purposes About Jersey Cattle 30 MERRY MAIDEN'S Kd SON (iOSlti Winner of first prize in the sliow-ring at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. St. Louis, 1904. Son of Merry Maiden 64949 (page 18). He has five daugliters in Register of Merit, and is No. 34 therein. of dairying. In Class A the best cow of any breed was a Jersey, Loretta D. ; the best four cows were Jerseys ; fourteen of the best fifteen cows were Jer- seys ; seventeen of the best twenty cows were Jerseys ; and the best herd was the Jersey herd. In Class B the best individual cow was a Jersey, Loretta D. ; thirteen of the best fifteen cows were Jerseys; nineteen of the best twenty-five cows were Jerseys ; and the best herd was the Jersey herd. Each Jersey cow gave five times her own weight of milk in one hundred and twenty days, averaged 2.28 lbs. butter per day, and earned a net profit, after deducting cost of feed, of $39.52 as a butter- producer, and a net profit of $53.91 as a milk-producer, on the average. The 40 About Jersey Cattle 'i^- ^:- >»y ,,- *< UORETTA O' LORETTA D. 14170.S Official record: 5802 lbs. 11. 2 oz. milk, 280 lbs. 2.6 oz. fat, 330 lbs. 0.5 oz. -butter 83% fat, in breed test at Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904, where she was adjudged champion cow of all breeds in the economic production of hutter-fat and butter, and in the economic production of milk for all purposes of dairying. Scored 905-^ counts by Prof. Jas. Withycombe ; No. 69 in Register of Jilerit. Jerseys were far in the lead in quality of milk, in value of milk, and in net profit, thus confirming and perpetuating the position they had won at Chi- cago a decade previously. Persistency in maintaining milk-flow, so characteristic of the Jersey breed, was well illustrated by this test, and if it had been contimiod longer, the Jerseys would have been still further ahead at the close. The Jerseys have been called small milkers, but when their live weight and persistency are taken into consideration, they are large milkers. The Holsteins in this St. Louis test produced 497 lbs. milk for each 100 lbs. of their live weight, whereas the little Jerseys produced 526 lbs. milk for each 100 lbs. of their live weight, thus outmilking the Holsteins 29 ll)s. for each hundred pounds live weight. About Jersey Cattle 4t DIPLOMA'S BROWN LASSIE IfiefiSS Oflicial record: 5212 lbs. 11 oz. milk, 264 lbs. 14 oz. fat, 312 lbs. 9 oz. butu 83% fat, in 120 days. Second Jersey in order of merit in the breed test at th^ Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. No. 65 in Register of Merit. Economic Butter Production The great superiority of the Jerseys ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ as butter-producers, shown by the St. Louis test, has been graphically set forth by Prof. T. L. Haecker, who proves that the Jerseys returned one pound of butter-fat for every 12.051 lbs. of nutriment consumed, whereas the Hol- steins required 14.839 lbs. nutriment to produce a pound of butter-fat, the Shorthorns required 15.52 lbs., and the Brown Swiss 16.919 lbs. The Jer- seys required 2.955 lbs. nutriment for one pound of milk solids, the Hol- steins required 3.283 lbs. nutriment per pound of milk solids, the Short- horns 3.421 lbs., and the Brown Swiss 3.638 lbs. Professor Haecker states that " the breed that comes nearest to the true dairy type produces dairy 42 About Jersey Cattle products with the smallest amotint of mitrinient." The Jersey cow Loretta D., which received the official diploma for best cow of any breed, returned a pound of butter-fat for every 10.93 "'s. nutriment consumefl. She was the most econoiuic producer of the seventy cows of all breeds in the test, and was followed by thirteen other Jerseys, the fifteenth cow being the Holstein, Shadvbrook (ierben. Professor Haecker writes ( Bulletin Xo. 106, Agric. Exper. Station. Univ. of JMinn.): "The fact that only one Jersey appears in the last half of the list shows that the breed stands first on the score of economy of production." One of the good points of the Holstein cow, as claimed, is her ability to consume the roughage of the farm ; but the St. Louis test shows the Jersey her superior in this respect, for the Jerseys received 50.67 per cent, of their nutriment from the roughage they consuined, against 50.48 per cent, in the case of the Holsteins. Dairy Type ^^'hat Professor Haecker says in regard to dairy type is ^^3;^^__^^^ so interesting and important that it is worthy of being quoted at some length. He writes, in a pamphlet issued by the University of ^Minnesota treating of the St. Louis test : '' All of the cows taking high rank as to nutriment required for the pro- duction of a pound of butter-fat are of the superlative dairy type. Shadv- brook Gerben [Holstein]. Pale Face [Shorthorn] and i6th Belle of Trow- bridge [Shorthorn] were especially noted for spareness, considering the breeds to which they belonged. All of the cows that required relatively a large amount of nutriiuent to a pound of butter-fat were of the more blocky type. The results of this competitive test show that type is the most impor- tant point in determining the adaptability of a cow to economical dairy work. Shadvbrook Gerben outranked by far the other Holsteins because she had a conformation better suited to dairy work. The cases of Pale Face and i6th Belle of Trowbridge, among the Shorthorns, were the same. . . . An animal with a bulky, blocky fonu may do exceptionally good work for a short time, so far as yield is concerned, but it generally lacks staying qualities. The won- derful performance of the Jerseys in this respect is clearly shown." The Jerseys showed the " superlative dairy type," and the nearer indi- viduals of the other breeds approached the Jersey in type, the better the show- ing they made as producers. About Jersey Cattle 43 EURVUIA IJSSa Official record : 5439 lbs. 9.6 oz. milk, 263 lbs. 9 oz. fat ; 310 lbs. 7.5 oz. butter 83% fat. in 120 days. Third cow in order of merit in the breed test a\ the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. "The American type of the Jersey cow." W. R. Spann. Scored 96>4 counts by Prof. Jas. Withycombe ; No. 66 in Register of Merit. Dairy Performance of Jersey Cows Opportunities for such thor- ^^~''^^^^^'^^^~"~~"'^^^^^^~^~''^~^^~" ough competitive dairy tests as those held at the Chicago and St. Louis Expositions do not present themselves very often, and when they are conducted they involve much gratuitous labor on the part of their organizers and much expense, and they cannot be continued for very long periods. Con- sequently, Jersey breeders are now looking to the authenticated tests for a year to maintain the reputation of the Jersey. In the dairy demonstration at the St. Louis Exposition the Jersey cow once more proved her ability, not 44 About Jersey Cattle only to produce large quantities of milk rich in butter-fat, but, what is more important, her ability to produce more economically than cows of any other breed — to give a better return in product for the feed consumed. The re- sults of the demonstration at St. Louis, highly significant as they are, and very gratifying to those who have pinned their faith to the Jersey as the dairy cow par excellence, have not finished her story. The American Jersey Cattle Club, recognizing the importance of keeping up with the procession in taking advantage of the most modern method of testing the dairy cow, and the necessity, in these days of keen competition and breed rivalry, of proving the ability of the Jersey by a system of tests calculated to command the attention of dairymen, in 1903 instituted a plan for year's authenticated fat tests. Professor A. L. Haecker, University of Ne- braska, well says: " A breed of dairv stock can only survive in the stiff com- petition of to-day through authenticated tests of its animals." Authenticated tests made under the rules of the Club must be conducted by an entirely disinterested tester, who, whenever possible (which is in the great majority of cases) is the representative of one of the State agricultural colleges or experiment stations. This tester must see the cow milked out clean at the last milking prior to the test, must witness each milking for the next forty- eight hours, see the milk weighed, take samples of the milk, and ascertain its butter-fat content by the Babcock, a separate test being made in the case of each milking. The tester's report must be countersigned by the director of his experiment station, and the tester must make affidavit as to its accuracv before it can be accepted by the Club. This method must be followed out every thirty days during the continuance of the test. The aim is to sur- round these tests with every safeguard that is possible and vet not ieopardize their practicability. Professor W'oll, of the Wisconsin Experiment Station, pronounced this method " the best system of testing cows that has yet been arranged for — as nearly ideal as can be hoped for under ordinary working conditions on dairy farms." A number of progressive Jersey breeders soon availed themselves of this opportunity to prove the merits of their herds and of the breed, these tests being based upon substantial evidence that not onlv can be accepted by the general public, but which is designed to convince the prejudiced and the hostile. For the purpose of encfiuraging Jersey breeders to conduct such tests, the Club pays one-half of the expense of the testing, whenever an animal qualifies under the requirements. Notable records soon began to be reported, amongst them being that of About Jersey Cattle 45 MAGYARLAKD'S TEMISIA 1347C5 Record in authenticated test for one year: 10419 lbs. 4 oz. milk, 638 lbs. 1.3 oz. fat, 755 lbs. 8 oz. butter 83% fat. Scored 94 counts by John O. Couch ; No. iS in Register of Merit. Magyarland's Temisia 134765, whose test was started Jan. 24, 1904, ~^^~^~^^^~^~^^~^'^^^"^^~~ when she was six years and three months cAA. She had calved on the 30th Dec, 1903. Two days in each month the milk of every milking was tested by a representative of the Massachusetts Experiment Station. During the 366 days of her test the cow produced 10,419 lbs. 4 oz. milk, the average percentage of fat in which was 6.12, showing 638 lbs. I 1-3 oz. total fat for the year, equivalent to 750 lbs. 10 oz. butter 85 per cent. fat. If the amount of butter is computed by the method used at the St. Louis Exposition, by the use of an over-run for milk of the quality produced, which method allows for losses of fat in creaming and churning, we will have to credit her with 755 lbs. 8 oz. butter 83 per cent. fat. During the first 31 days of the test she averaged 38 lbs. 10 oz. milk per day; during the last 31 days 24 lbs. 4 oz., the average daily milk for the year being 28 lbs. 7 oz., and the daily average of butter 2 lbs. i oz. Magyarland's Temi- sia was scored 94 per cent, of the perfect scale of points. 46 About Jersey Cattle EMMA'S ROWEJVA 14(iS77 Record in authenticated test for one year : 10383 lbs. 10 oz. milk, 638 lbs. 4 oz. fat, 755 lbs. 11 oz. butter 83%- fat. Scored 98 counts by John O. Couch. No. 11 in Register of Merit. Emma's Rowena 146877 Not for long did Magyarland's Temisia occupy first place in the list of authenticated tests for a year. Emma's Rowena finished a year's test Oct. 31, 1905, also supervised by the Massachusetts Experiment Station. In yield of fat she barely eclipsed the first-mentioned cow, her record being 638 lbs. 4 oz. from 10,383 lbs. 10 02. milk, but this production was limited to 365 days, whereas l\Iao-yarland's Temisia had the advantage of a leap year, 366 days. This ai.iount of fat is equivalent to 750 lbs. 14 oz. 85 per cent, butter. Computing by over-run for the grade of milk she produced, 6.147 per cent, fat, as was done at St. Louis, she has to be credited with 755 lbs. 11 oz. butter 83 per cent, fat. This allows for losses in churning. For the first 30 days her milk averaged 36. S9 lbs. per day, and 19.47 lbs. per day for the last 30 days. Her daily average milk yield for the year was 28.45 "^s., daily avera.ge fat yield 1.75 lbs., and daily average butter yield 2 lbs. i.i oz. Ilcr grain feed averaged 10.8 lbs. per day, and the total cost of all her feed for the year was $85.09. She was scored 98 per cent, of the perfect scale. About Jersey Cattle 47 OLIVE DUNN 18.SS33 Record in year's authenticated test: 9930 lbs. 4 oz. milk, 671 lbs. 13.8 oz. fat, 796 lbs. 13 oz. butter 83% fat. She was scored 971/2 counts by John O. Couch, and is No. 292 in Register of Merit. Peer's Surprise 144248 After wearing her laurels for a short time, ""^'""^"^^'^""""""^'^ Emma's Rowena had to give place to Peer's Sur- prise, who was put on test Feb. i, 1906, at which date she was 7 years 10 months of age. She produced in the year 14,452 lbs. 3.2 oz. milk, containing 653 lbs. 9.8 oz. fat, equivalent to 768 lbs. 15 oz. of 85 per cent, butter, or, computed by over-run. 769 lbs. 5 oz. butter 83 per cent, fat, her milk aver- aging 4.523 per cent. fat. Her average daily milk yield for the year was 39.6 lbs,, fat yield 1.79 lbs., butter yield 2 lbs. 1.7 oz. The first month of the test her milk contained 56 lbs. butter-fat, and the last month 47 lbs. In regard to this test her owner writes : " It has been our aim in developing our Jerseys not to feed them more than the ordinary farmer's rations, our purpose being to demonstrate to the farmer that the Jersey cow is in truth the most eco- 48 About Jersey Cattle nomical cow for every-day dairy work." Accordingly, Peer's Surprise was only moderately fed. She was scored 963,;^ per cent, of the perfect scale of points by Prof. Jas. Withycombe. of the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, and her test was conducted under the supervision of that Station. Olive Dunn 188832 In her turn, Peer's Surprise was supplanted by "~^^^^"^~~^^^^^ Olive Dunn. This cow was put upon a year's au- thenticated test Oct. I, 1906, when she was eight years old, under the super- vision of the Massachusetts Agricultural Station. Her milk production in 365 days was 9,930 lbs. 4 oz., containing 671 lbs. 13.8 oz. fat. It will be seen from this that she is a very rich cow, her milk averaging 6.766 per cent, fat for the year. She also is a steady worker, her first month's fat yield being 53 lbs., and the last month's 50 lbs. Her fat production is equivalent to 790 lbs. 7 oz. butter 85 per cent, fat, or, computed by over-run, allowing for losses in churning, 796 lbs. 13 oz. butter 83 per cent, fat, an average of 2 lbs. 3 oz. per day, from an average milk yield of 27.2 lbs. per day. Olive Dunn was scored 97/2 per cent, of the perfect scale. Financial Countess 155100 Olive Dunn very soon had to step down ^~'~~" and give place to the great cow, Financial Countess. This cow was dropped July 15, 1900. Mar. 17. 1903, she dropped her first calf, her second on Feb. 14, 1904, her third on Feb. 5, 1905, her fourth on June 7, 1906, and her fifth on June i, 1907. All of these calves are registered. Her test began June 8, 1907. During the 366 days following, 1908 being a leap year, she gave 13,248 lbs. 2.4 oz. milk, containing 795 lbs. 4.6 oz. butter-fat. equivalent to 935 lbs. 10 oz. butter 85 per cent. fat. The milk averaged 6.03 per cent. fat. and, computed by the overrun for this grade of milk, 941 lbs. 10 oz. butter 83 per cent, fat should be churned out. From her milk during the year her owner actually churned 943 lbs. 13 oz. of butter, which sold for $377.53. The skim-milk, at 25c. per 100 lbs., is valued at $26.75, the butter-milk, at 20c. per gallon, is valued at $40, making a total product valued at $444.28, besides a calf. She calved again Sept. 20, 1908. This test was made by representatives of the Colorado Agricultural Ex- periment Station. The milk of every milking was weighed and the weight recorded by the owner. From July 3 to 16, 1907, the milk of everv milking was weighed and tested by Mr. F. C. Tripp, representing the Experiment Station. During these fourteen days she produced 730.1 lbs. milk, containing 36.2874 lbs. fat. During the month of Aug., 1907, and each month thereafter About Jersev Cattle 49 FINANCIAL COIXTESS 155100 Record in authenticated test for one year: 13248 lbs. 2.4 oz. milk, 795 lbs. 4.6 oz. fat, 941 lbs. 10 oz. butter 83% fat. She ranks fourth in amount of fat in year's authenticated test. Scored 96.2 counts by Prof. W. L. Carlyle. No. 96 in Register of Merit. to Apr., 1908, inclusive, the milk of ever}^ milking for two days each month was weighed and tested by Mr. James J. Girardet, on behalf of the Station. From May 17 to 23, 1908, the milk of every milking was weighed and tested by Mr. Girardet, and during the seven days, after having been in milk for eleven and one-half months, she produced 214 lbs. 9.6 oz. milk, containing 14 lbs. 6 oz. fat, equivalent to 16 lbs. 14 oz. 85 per cent, butter. On May 23 and 24, 1908, as an extra authentication, she was tested by Prof. E. J. Iddings, State Agricultural College of Colorado, when she produced 61.3 lbs, milk, containing 4.186 lbs. fat. Financial Countess was scored by Prof. W. L. Carlyle, Dean of the State Agricultural College of Colorado, and he gave her 96.2 per cent, of the per- ^o About Jcvscv Cattle feet score. Professor Carlyle says of her: "Financial Countess is a strong, rugged cow, possessing great quality in finish, and, so far as my judgment goes, is the ideal of what a Jersey cow should be for this country. Financial Countess is the most nearly perfect type of a Jersey that I have ever seen. . . . She is clearly a demonstration, it seems to me, of the importance of strength, constitution and vigor, as indicated by conformation, in order to produce a large ([uantity of milk and butter economically." The average daily yield of Financial Countess for the entire year was 36.2 lbs. milk, 2.19 lbs. butter-fat, and 2.56 lbs. butter, the average percentage of fat being 6.03. She was imported in dam Jan. 16, 1900. During her year's test she was fed 1,380 lbs. bran, 675 lbs. ground oats, 1,277 lt)S. ground corn or chop, 649 lbs. old process oil meal, 689 lbs. cotton-seed meal and 5.400 lbs. roots, and was about three months on pasture. The hay was not weighed. Prof. A. L. Haecker writes in relation to this cow : " One of the greatest cows in the world is the title that can be given the Jersey cow Financial Countess, and some have placed her 'the greatest cow.' . . . She is a grand cow of the fine ' Island type,' and the very exponent of a perfect milk-making machine. The fine, clean-cut head and almost human eyes tell of the fine breeding. and nerve-power she possesses. Here we have type and conformation directed and shaped to an end, and that end is one of the greatest and best derived from animals, namely, good milk. This cow produced about 2,100 pounds of solids, which is about the same as food nutrients, and is ten times more than a good steer can add to his body in the same time. In other words, this cow, with about the same food as the steer, has produced ten times more food for man, and this food in a more digested form. More than that, she still lives to go on producing food and her kind." Rosaire's Olga 4th's Pride 179509 The next to come to the front in amount of yield was Rosaire's C)lga 4th's P'ride 179509, whose test was begun Jan. 25, 1908. at the age of four years and six months. During the 366 days of her test she produced 14,104 lbs. 13.6 oz. milk, averaging 5.934 per cent. fat. making the estimated fat yield for the year 836 lbs. 15.8 oz., equivalent to 984 llis. 11 oz. butter 85 per cent. fat. If we compute her yield in the same manner as was used at the .St. Louis Exposition test, by the use of the over-run for this quality of milk, which is 118.3, and which allows for the losses of fat in creaming and churning, it wrjuld have churned (]<)0 lbs. butter 83 per cent. fat. About Jersey Cattle .SI ROSAIRE'S OLGA 4TH'S PRIDE 170509 Record in authenticated test for one year: 14104 lbs. 13.6 oz. milk, 836 lbs. 15.8 oz. fat., 990 lbs. butter 83% fat. She ranks third in amount of fat in year's authen- ticated test. She was 4 yrs. 6 mos. old at start of test, was scored 95.4 counts by Prof. H. H. Wing, and is No. 406 in Register of Merit. Her yield averages 38.53 lbs. milk, 2.29 lbs. fat and 2 lbs. 11 oz. 83 per cent. buMer per day. This test was supervised by a representative of Cornell University Agricultural College. In the eleventh month of her test, on Dec. 6 and 7, she was tested personally by Prof. H. H. Wing, of the college. During these two days she produced 54.3 lbs. milk, testing 6.64 per cent, fat, contain- ing 3.606 lbs. fat. Professor Wing scored her 95.24 per cent, of the perfect scale of points. Adelaide of Beechlands 168699 The next cow to break the year's record ^"^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^~^~ was Adelaide of Beechlands 168699. She already had a record of 435 lbs. 4.7 oz. fat, 8,363 lbs. 12.8 oz. inilk, in a year's authenticated test, begun at the age of two vears three months. She was ac:ain About Jci-sc\ Cattle- put under autlienticated test Nov. 25, 1907, at the age of five years eight months, conducted, as was her other year's test, under the super\-ision of the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. During the 366 days of the test her production was S49 II5S. 10 oz. fat, and 15,572 Ihs. milk. Her average percentage of fat for the year was 5.456, and the fat is equivalent to 999 lbs. 8.9 oz. butter 85 per cent. fat. If we should compute butter as was done in the dairy demonstration test at the St. Louis Exposi- tion, the over-run for this grade of milk being 1.182, we would credit Ade- laide of Bccchlands with one thousand and four pounds of butter 83 per cent. fat. Her yield averages per month 1297.7 lbs. milk, 70.8 lbs. fat. and 83.66 lbs. 83 per cent, butter, and averages per day 42.55 lbs. milk, 2.32 lbs. fat, and 2.74 lbs. 83 per cent, butter, for the entire year. Adelaide of Beechlands was served March 12, 1908. so was carrying a calf during the greater part of the year. During her tcft she was fed 942 lbs. bran, 638 lbs. crushed oats, 268'--^ lbs. oil meal, 1,425 lbs. cut alfalfa hay, 1,646 lbs. clover hay, 1,208 lbs. carrots and 7.445 lbs. kale, and was five months in pasture. Under date December 9, 1908, her owner writes: "She was not forced at all, and is in perfect physical condition." Jacoba Irene 146443 has recently broken all Jersey records in a year's ^^~~^~"^^"~^~~^ authenticated test and the world's record in a long- continued test for thirty-seven months. This cow is a good il'.ustration of persistency and sta)'ing powers. The Jersey is emphatically a long-distance champion. The year's test recently finished is not the first to wdiich Jacoba has been subjected. She was tested from Dec. 19, 1905, to Xov. 21, 1906, and from Dec. 11, 1906, to Dec. 10, 1907. These tests, although not made in accordance with the rules of the Club, nevertheless are authentic rec- ords, having been checked by a representative of the Illinois Agricultural Station by the testing of a composite sample of the milk of one week in each nine. Added to her authenticated test for one year described below, we have Jacoba Irene's production for tlurly-scz'cn coiitiiiuoiis months — from Dec. 19, 1905, to Jan. 25, 1909. During this period slie pro- duced 42,064 lbs. 14.4 oz. milk, containing 2,331 lbs. 0,4 oz. fat, equiva- lent to 2,742 lbs. 5 oz. butter 85 ])er cent. fat. Computed in the scientific man- ner that was used in crediting the cows at the St. Louis Exposition with but- ter equivalent to the fat in their milk, the fat produced by Jacoba Irene in these thirty-seven months would make 2,755 "'s. 3.8 oz. butter 83 per About Jersey Cattle 53 ADELAIDE OF BEECHLANDS 1&8C90 Record in authenticated test for one year : 15572 lbs. milk, 849 lbs. 10 oz. fat, 1004 lbs. butter 83% fat. This is the next to the highest yield of fat in authenti- cated test for one year. Scored 8&'A counts by Prof. J as. Withycombe. No. 41 in Register of jNIerit. cent. fat. She calved on May 22, 1904, Dec. 11, 1905, Dec. 10, 1906, and Jan. 24, 1908, and all these calves have been registered. Three calves and 2,755 ^bs. butter in thirty -seven months ! Has any cow of any other breed such a record to show? In describing the test of Jacoba Irene, Hoard's Dairyman asserts: "It is not only a world's record among Jerseys, but is in many respects a world's record without qualification or limitation of any kind." By her performance in her year's authenticated test Jacoba Irene has taken first place, having yielded 17,253 lbs. 3.2 oz. milk, containing 952 lbs. 15.4 oz. fat, equivalent to 1,121 lbs. 2 oz. butter 85 per cent. fat. Allowing for the losses of fat in actual churning, her fat production for the year would produce 1,126 lbs. 6 oz. butter 83 per cent. fat. This is a daily average of 47.14 lbs. milk, 2.61 lbs. 54 About Jersey Cattle fat, and 3.08 lbs. butter. The tliird iiiunth of her test she milked 1,970 lbs., the milk containing, as per authenticated test, 105 lbs. fat, an average of 63.5 lbs. milk and nearly 4 lbs. 85 per cent, butter per day. This test was con- ducted by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station according to the rules of the A. J. C. Club. Prof. F. W. Woll, of the A\'isconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, tested the milk of twelve successive milkings of Jacoba Irene, July 29 to Aug. I, and in the months of Aug., Sept. and Oct. a representative of the Wiscon- sin Agricultural Experiment Station made independent tests. All this was designed to strengthen the test by having it conducted under the supervision of two experiment stations, the visits of their representatives being made at different times in each month. Jacoba has a score of 91)2 per cent, of the perfect scale of points, and was entered originally in the Register of Merit on an authenticated record of 20 lbs. 8.8 oz. fat in seven days. An Agricultural College Herd The State Experiment Stations have done —^^^^—^^——^^^^^—^■^^——'^ valuable work in bringing the scientific training of the professional experts in their faculties to bear on dairy prob- lems. Some of these stations own herds of various breeds which are sub- jected to critical tests as to their dairy capacity. The records of the Jerseys at the Missouri Agricultural College should therefore be as valuable as they are inter- esting to the dairyman. Eight of the Jerseys bred and owned by this station have been tested under the Club rules for authenticated tests. Prof. R. M. Washburn, State Dairv and Food Commissioner, acting as tester on behalf of the Club. The herd averaged seven years and two months in age. Two of the eight gave over S,ooo lbs. milk, one gave nearly 10,000 lbs., one gave 11,000 lbs., one gave nearly 13,000 lbs., and three gave over 13,000 lbs. in the year, the highest being 13.895 lbs. The average milk yield of the eight head is 11,418 lbs The fat yields ranged from 481 lbs. 14 oz. to 680 lbs. 11.5 oz., the average for the eight being 579 lbs. 14.6 oz., equivalent to an average butter yield of 684 lbs. per head, computing the butter at 83 per cent. fat. and allriwing for losses in creaming and churning. A herd that will average close upon two pounds butter per head per day for an entire year certainly offers a good demonstration of the capabilities of the breed. The Jersey tlemonstration herd at St. Louis averaged 2.28 lbs. of 83 per cent, butter per head per day for 120 days. About Jerscv Cattle 55 JACOBA IRENE 140443 Record in authenticated test for one year: 17253 lbs. 3.2 oz. milk, 952 lbs. 15.4 07.. fat, 1 126 lbs. 6 oz. butter 83% fat. This is the highest record in year's authen- ticated test. Yield for thirty-seven consecutive months : 42,064 lbs. 14.4 oz. milk, 2331 lbs, 0.4 oz. fat, 27SS lbs, 3.8 oz. butter 83% fat. During this period she also produced three calves. Scored gij'j counts by H, A. Hopper. No. 114 in Register of Merit, What the Year's Tests Show Those stars of the first magnitude, record- ^^~~~^~ breaking cows, cannot reasonably be looked for in every dairy herd although they may appear in any good herd But every breeder and dairyman may aspire to own meritorious cows, such cows as can qualify for the American Jersey Cattle Club Register of Merit. What such cov/s show in their authenticated tests on the average is consequently a very practical answer to the very practical question: What can be expected from first-class Jerseys on the average ? Taking all the Jerseys that have completed year's authenticated tests to date, we find that 20 per cent, of them were under two years six months at the beginning of their tests, 37,5 per cent, were two years six months and under four years, 12.3 per cent, were four years and under five, and 29. S per cent, were five years old and over. 56 About Jersey Cattle In milk yield 2.15 per cent, gave under 5,000 lbs.; 10.15 P^r cent, gave from 5,000 to 6,000 lbs. ; 20.92 per cent, gave from 6,000 to 7,000 lbs. ; 24.3 per cent, gave from 7,000 to 8,000 lbs. : 19.69 per cent. ga\'e from 8,000 to 9,000 lbs.; 12 per cent, gave from 9,000 to 10,000 lbs.; 5.84 per cent, gave from 10,000 to 11,000 lbs.; 1.54 per cent, gave from 11,000 to 12,000 lbs.; 1.84 per cent, gave from 12,000 to 13,000 lbs. ; 0.62 per cent, gave from 13,000 to 14,000 lljs. ; 0.31 per cent, gave from 14,000 to 15.000 lbs.; 0.31 per cent, gave from 15,000 to 16,000 lbs., and 0.31 per cent, gave over 17,000 lbs. In butter-fat yield 4.6 per cent, ranged from 260 to 300 lbs. ; 38.76 per cent, ranged from 300 to 400 lbs.; 40.61 per cent, ranged from 400 to 500 lbs.; 11.07 P^^ cent, ranged from 500 to 600 lbs.; 3.38 per cent, ranged from 600 to 700 lbs. ; 0.62 per cent, ranged from 700 to 800 lbs. ; 0.62 per cent, ranged from 800 to 900 lbs., and 0.31 per cent, ranged over 900 lbs. When a much larger number of tests have been put on record, the-:e per- centages will be somewhat modified, but the tests already received should be representative enough to show what can be expected from the best class of Jerseys at this stage of development of the breed, and also to prove the desir- ability of the breed for the working dairy. The average milk yield in one year of mature cows (five years old and over) is 9,441 lbs. 3 oz. The average fat yield in one year is 508 lljs. 4.2 oz. The average butter vield in one year is 600 lbs. 4 oz., the butter bemg com- puted on the basis of 83 per cent. fat. The highest butter yield for one year is 1,126 lbs. 6 oz. The highest milk yield for one year is 17,253 lbs. 3.2 oz. The twenty-five Jerseys in the St. Louis dairy demonstration herd aver- aged 4I/2 lbs. milk (19 1-3 cjts. ) per day, and 2.28 lbs. butter per dav for a period of 120 days. The average yield per head of the Jersey herd at St. Louis in the 120 days was 4,981 lbs. milk and 273}^ lbs. butter. The vield of all the cows in the United States, of everv breed, averages but 3.600 lbs. milk and but 153 lbs. butter in a year. The ten highest year's yields show the progressive demonstration of the dairy capacity of the Jersey cow which has been made hv the authciiticatcd tests : About Jersey Cattle 57 Name of Cow. Magyarland's Temisia 134765 Emma's Rowena 146877 Peer's Surprise 144248 Olive Dunn 188832 Bessie Bate 155373 Mollie of Edgewood 167956 Financial Countess 155100 Rosaire's Olga 4th's Pride 179509 Adelaide of Beechlands 168699. ■ ■ Jacoba Irene 146443 Butts r-Fat. Lbs. Oz. 638 1-3 638 4 6.S,^ 9.8 671 13.8 680 II-5 705 12.7 795 4.6 836 15.8 849 10 952 15-4 In view of what is shown above, Jersey breeders may look with con- siderable satisfaction upon what has been accomplished by the Jersey cow since the St. Louis Exposition and the institution of the Register of Merit by the Club, and may regard the future with equanimity. The breed that lias surpassed all breeds in the economic production of milk and butter in five competitive dairy tests at two great World's Expositions, which has also furnished the individual champions in those tests, and which has in close succession exhibited such individuals as those whose records are stated herein, may be depended upon to maintain its position as the most economical, as it is the most beautiful, dairy breed in the world. M,\RCH 31, 1909. 'BUDS OP PROMISE" Official Awards Won by Jerseys at the Colum- bian Exposition, 1893 TEST XO. I— FOR CHEESE (15 DAYS). A — Best Jersey Cow. Ida Marigold 32615, owned by C. A. Sweet, Buffalo, X. Y. B — Best Cow in Any Breed. Jersey cow, Ida Marigold 32615, owned by C. A. Sweet. C — Best Five Cows in Jersey Breed. 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th — The first four cows named under Award D, below. 5th — Baroness Arg)'le 40498, owned by E. S. Henry, Kockville, Conn. D — Best Five Cows in Any Breed. The first four were Jerseys, viz. : 1st — Ida Marigold 32615, owned bv C. A. Sweet. 2d — Merry Maiden 64949, owned bv O. Graves, ]\Iaitland, Xio. 3d — Lily Martin 49954. owned by M. C. Campbell, Spring Hill, Tenn. 4th — Signal Queen 30869, owned by Frank Eno, Pine Plains, X. Y. E — Best Herd ix Cheese Test. — The Tersev herd. TEST XO. 2— FOR BUTTER (90 DAYS). A — Best Jersey Cow. Brown Bessie 74997. owned by C. I. Hood, Lowell, ]\Iass. B — Best Cow in Any Breed. Jersey cow, Brown Bessie 74997. owned bv C. I. Hood. C — Best Five Cows in Jersey Breed. The same animals as mentioned under Award 1). D — Best Five Cows in Any Breed. These were all Jerseys, viz. ; 1st — Brown liessie 74v97, nwned by C. I. Hood. 2d — Merry Maiden 64949, owned by O. Graves. 3d — Ida Marigold 32615, owned by C. A. Sweet. 4th — .Sheba Re.v 47429, owned by 1". A. Idavemeyer, Mahwah, X. J. 5th — Hugo's Counlc;s 68394, owned by D. L. 1 1'einsheimer, Glenwood, Iowa. E — Best Heru i.v Test X'"o, 2. — The |erse\- herd. S8 About Jersey Cattle 59 TEST NO. 3— FOR BUTTER (30 DAYS). A — Best Jersey Cow. Brown Bes,sic 74997, owned by C. I. Hood. B — Best Cow in Any Breed. Jersey cow, Brown Bessie 74997, owned by C. T, Hood. C — Best Five Cows in Jersey Breed. 1st — Brown Bessie 74997, owned by C. I. Hood. 2d — JN'Icrry Maiden 64949, owned by C. I. Hood. 3d — Stoke Pogis' Regina 48309, owned by Estate of F. Billings, Woodstock, Vt. 4th — Ida IMarigold 326x5, owned by C. A. Sweet. 5th — Sheba Re.x 47429, owned by T. A. Havenieyer. D — Best Five Cows in Any Breed. Tliree of these were Jerseys, viz. : ist — Brown Bessie 74997, owned by C. I. Hood. 2d — IVIerry Maiden 64949, owned by C. I. Hood. 4tli — Stoke Pogis' Regina 48309, owned by Estate of F. Billings. E — Best Herd in Test No. 3. — The Jersey herd. TEST NO. 4— PIEIFER TEST (21 DAYS). A — Best Jersey Cow. Lily Garfield 79819, owned by Estate of F. Billings. B — Best Cow in .Any Breed. Jersey cow, Lily Garfield 79819, owned by Estate of F. Billings. C — Best Five Cows in Jersey Breed. 1st — Lily Garfield 79819, owned by Estate of F. Billings. 2d — Jeannette of Pittsford 73185, owned by A. O. Auten, Jerseyville, 111. 3d — Woodstock Mystery 77746, owned by Estate of F. Billings. 4th — Campania 88475, owned by Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa. 5th — Elturia 80701, owned by Richardson Bros. D — Best Five Cows in Any Breed. Three of these were Jerseys, viz. : 1st — Lily Garfield 79819, owned by Estate of F. Billings. 4th — Jeannette of Pittsford 73185, owned by A. O. Auten. 5th — Woodstock Mystery 77746, owned by Estate of F. Billings. E — Best Herd in Test No. 4. — The Jersey herd. 6o About Jcrscv Cattle SWEEPSTAKES— FIRST 15 DAYS OF TESTS NOS. i, 2 AND 3. A — Best Jersey Cow. Merry Maiden 64949, owned by C. L Hood. B — Best Cow in Any Breed. Merry Maiden 64949, owned by C. L Hood. C — Best Five Cows in Jersey Breed. The five cows named below under Class D. D — Best Five Cows in Any Breed. All of these were Jerseys, viz. : 1st — Merry Maiden 64949, owned bv C. I. Hood. 2d — Brown Bessie 74997. owned bv C. I. Hood. 3d — Ida Marigold 32615, owned bv C. A. Sweet. 4th — Baroness Argyle 40498, owned by E. Stevens Henry. 5th — Hugo's Countess 68394, owned by M. G. Jacobs. E — Best Herd Competing. — The Jersey herd. Competing breeds: Jersey, Guernsev and Shorthorn. Official Awards Won by Jerseys in the St. Louis Exposition Dairy Test, 1904 CLASS A— ECONOMIC PRODUCllON OF BUTTER-FAT AND BUTTER. Best Cow of Any Breed — Champion. Loretta D. 141708, Jersey, owned by Estate of W. S. Ladd, Portland, Oreg. — Diploma. Jerseys in Best Five Cows of Any Breed. 1st — Loretta D. 141708, owned by Estate of W. S. Ladd, Portland, Oreg. — Diploma. 2d — Diploma's Brown Lassie 166688, owned by H. C. Taylor, Orfordville, Wis. — Diploma. 3d — Eurybia 143822, owned by E. A. Darling, East Burke, Vt. — Diploma. 4th — Dorinda Darling 146249, owned by Estate of W. S. Ladd. — Diploma. Best Herd of Twenty-Five Cows. Jersey herd, C. T. Graves, Maitland, Mo., Superintendent. — $150. Best Jersey Cow. — Loretta D. 141708 — $50. CLASS B— ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF MILK FOR ALL PUR- POSES OF DAIRYING. Best Cow of Any Breed — Champion. Loretta D. 141 708, Jersey, owned by Estate of W. S. Ladd. — Diploma. Jerseys in Best Five Cows of Any Breed. 1st — Loretta D 141708, owned by Estate of W. S. Ladd. — Diploma. 3d — Diploma's Brown Lassie 166688, owned by H. C. Taylor. — Diploma. 4th — Eurybia 143822, owned by E. A. Darling. — Diploma. 5th — Prize May's Duchess 2d 132976, owned by Geo. W. Sisson, Jr., Potsdam, N. Y. — IDiploma. Best Herd of Twenty-Five Cows. Jersey herd, C. T. Graves. Maitland, Mo., Superintendent. — $150. Best Jersey Cow — Loretta D. 141708 — $50. Competing breeds, Jersey, Holstein-Friesian. Brown Swiss and Shorthorn. 61 Scale of Points for Jersey Cattle fOK LOU'S. Head, y. — COUNTS. A — jMeJium size, loan; face dis'ned; broad between eyes and narrow between horns 4 B — Eyes full and placid; horns small to medium, incurving; muzzle broad, with muscular lips; strong under jaw 3 Neck, S — Thin, rather long, with clean throat ; thin at withers 5 Body, 33.— A — Lung capacit\', as indicated by depth and breadth through body, just back of fore legs 5 B — Wedge shape, with deep, large paunch ; legs proportionate to size, and of fine Cjuality 10 C — Back straight to hip-bones 2 D — Rump long to tail-setting and level from hip-bones to rump- bones 8 E — Hip-bones high and wide apart; loins broad, strong 5 F — Thighs flat and well cut out 3 Tail, 2.— Thin, long, with good switch, not coarse at setting-on 2 Udder, 28.— A — Large size and not fleshv 6 B — Broad, level or spherical, not deeply cut between teats 4 C — Fore udder full and well rounded, running well forward of front teats 10 D — Rear udder well rounded, and well out and up behind S Teats. 8.— Of good and uniform length and size, regularlv and squarelv placed . ? Milk Veins, 4. — Large, tortuous and elastic 4 Size. 3 — Mature cows, 800 to 1,000 pounds 3 General Appearance, 10. — A symmetrical Iwlancing of all the parts, and a proportion of parts to each other, depending on size of animal, with the general appearance of a high-class animal, with capacitv for food and productiveness at pail 10 100 62 About Jersey Cattle 63 FOR BULLS. Head, 10. — counts. A — Broad, medium length; face dished; narrow hetween horns; liorns medium in size and incurving 5 B — Muzzle hroad, nostrils open, eyes full and hold; entire ex- pression one of vigor, resolution and masculinity 5 Neck, 10.— Medium length, with full crest at maturity; clean at throat 10 Body. 54.— A — Lung capacity as indicated by depth and breadth through body just back of shoulders; shoulders full and strong. ... 15 B — Barrel long, of good depth and breadth, with strong, well- sprung ribs 15 C — Back straight to hip-bones 2 D — Rump of good length and proportion to size of body and level from hip-bone to rump-bone 7 E— Loins broad and strong; hips rounded, and of medium width compared with female 7 F — Thighs rather flat, well cut up behind, high arched flank. ... 3 G — Legs proportionate to size and of fine quality, well apart, and not to weave or cross in walking 5 Rudimentary Teats, 2. — AAell placed 2 Tail, 4. — Thin, long, with good switch, not coarse at setting-on 4 Sice, 5.- Mature bulls, 1,200 to 1.500 pounds 5 General Appearance, 15. — Thoroughlv masculine in character, with a harmonious blending of tire parts to each other; thoroughly robust, and such an animal as in a herd of wild cattle would likely become master of the herd Vjy the law of natural selection and survival of the fiUest 15 100 Publications HERD REGISTER— First, Second, Third and Fourth ConsoHdated Volumes, comprising \'ols. L to XX. Bulls, i — 15,000; Cows, i — 35.000. Price, $5.00 each. Single Volumes, Vols. XXI. to LXV. Bulls, 15,001 to 77,500; Cows, 35.001 to 209,000, and other volumes as published. Price, $1.00 each. BUTTER TEST BOOKS— Tests Received by the Club to Aug. i, i8g8. Price, $2.00. Tests Received from Aug. i, 1898, to July 15, 1902. Price, $1.00. PRIVATE HERD RECORD— A blank-book of 329 pages, Syixio/z in., bound in cloth, leather back and corners. Price, $2.00, postpaid. POCKET HERD RECORD— A blank-book of 120 pp., 5>-4x3>ij in., bound in flexible leather. Price, 50 cents. ALBUM OF ST. LOUIS TEST— Portraits and Records of the Demonstra- tion lersey Herd. Bound in flexible leather. Price, $1.00. SIRES WITH THEIR TESTED DAUGHTERS— 2467 Jersey Sires, head- ing their tested Daughters. With many portraits of animals. (In press.) Free Publications Mailed Upon Application In the case of the Register of iNIerit, 10 cents must be sent for postage. THE DAIRY COW DEMONSTRATION- Records of Individual Cows and of the Herds at the St. Louis Exposition, with Portraits of the Jersey Herd. TITE JERSEYS AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION- Their Breeding and How they were Fed and Handled in the Test, with Portraits of the Animals. ABOUT JERSEY CATTLE— .V Brief History and Description of the Breed, and Its Dairy Performance, with Portraits of Animals. REGISTER OF MERIT — Editi(jn inehuling entries received to March 31, 1909. DAIRY QUALITY OF JERSEY C.-VTTLE— As shown by the Records made in Authenticated Tests. THE AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB, 8 West Seventeenth Street, New York, N. Y. 64 'l"iiT^r^K:'»