dJatneU Hnittecattg iHibrarg 
 
 BOUGHT WITH THE [NCOME OF THE 
 
 JACOB H. SCHIFF 
 
 ENDOWMENT FOR THE PROMOTION 
 
 OF STUDIES IN 
 
 HUMAN CIVILIZATION 
 
 1918 
 
Cornell University Library 
 F 59H32 T89 
 
 History of Hartford Vermont, July 4, 17 
 
 olfn 
 
 3 1924 028 837 999 
 

Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028837999 
 
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HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 HARTFORD, VERMONT, 
 
 July 4, 1761-ApRTL 4, 1889. 
 
 THE FIRST TOWN ON THE NEW HAMPSHIRE GRANTS CHARTERED AFTER 
 THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WAR. 
 
 WILLIAM HOWARD TUCKER, 
 
 Membek of the Vekmont Historical Society. 
 
 BURLINGTON, VT., 
 
 THE FREE PRESS ASSOCIATION, 
 1889. 
 3 
 
 
' l\^1^7ii 
 
 Entered acoordlng to Act of Congress, la tbe year ]8S9, by 
 
 WILL^M HOWARD TUCKER, 
 in the office of tlie Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The author of this history has attempted to collect and prepare for publica- 
 tion, in a permanent form, a lai'ge amount of valuable and interesting matter, 
 comprising not only nearly aU the important facts found in the public records 
 of the town, but also incidents and events of unwi-itten . history gathered from 
 the Ups of the oldest surviving inhabitants, and information found in authentic 
 memoirs, ancient manuscripts and autograph letters; all of which he has en- 
 deavored to weave together in an instructive and entertaining style for the old 
 and the young aUke. To the older citizens of the town, especially those who 
 are "native to the manor born," this history will revive many pleasant mem- 
 ories of by-gone days. To the young it will present valuable evidences of what 
 the early settlei-s of the town wrought out, under grievous trials and hardships, 
 from the rough wilderness ; how with an axe in one hand they cleared the sturdy 
 forests, and with the deadly rifle in the other, resisted the encroachments of all 
 invaders; how, exposed for a longer probation than the children of Israel expe- 
 rienced, to extraordinary vicissitudes and necessities, and gaining a meagre sub- 
 sistence, by toil that knew no rest, from a rugged soil that often-times yielded a 
 reluctant return to their industry, they grew stronger as they toiled, and suffered, 
 and yielded not, and triumphing everywhere and in all things, transmitted to 
 their posterity a goodly heritage of priceless value. 
 
 AlUreaders of this history will learn facts concerning the origin, the first settle- 
 ment, and the organization of this town, which have not before been published, 
 and which the author first discovered and established. They will also, find a 
 clear exposition of the principles, customs and manners of the early settlers; 
 their civil, religious and military affairs; the progress and improvement of the 
 town in its agricultural, manufacturing and mechanical interests; of its educa- 
 tional institutions, and of its yet immense undeveloped resources. 
 
 No one but an author of a work like this can know the cost in time, in strength, 
 patience and money of the effort. The author has given more than four years 
 of unremitting attention to the preparation and publication of this history. In 
 the very inception of his undertaking the author discovered the annoying fact 
 that a considerable portion of the records of the municipal legislation of the town 
 was missing, probably beyond recovery. The blank space extended over a period 
 of twenty-four years, — 1778 to 1802 -— a very important era in the life of the town. 
 Tradition could not supply the missing links, and nearly every one of the worthy 
 people who were busy actors in the scenes of the era named, have passed from 
 time to eternity, and the tomb cannot be invaded for needed facts. 
 
 To bridge over, and fill up to a considerable extent, the gap caused by the loss 
 of the town records has been a work attended by many difficulties. To sihcom- 
 plish this work the author has traveled from village to village and from house to 
 house within his own and many other towns in Vermont; has explored both pub- 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 lie and private libraries; consulted town histories, town records, the records of 
 historical and genealogical societies and family records, and has, at the same 
 time, maintained a written correspondence amounting to thousands of letters. 
 There are many incongurities in the early records of the town and it was sev- 
 eral months after the author entered upon the preparation of this history, before 
 he was able to solve the provoking difficulties that impeded his labors; but, during 
 his efforts to remove the rubbish in his way, he made discoveries that partially 
 compensated him for the annoyances he had experienced, to wit: that both the 
 date of the first settlement of the town and that of the organization of the tovrn, 
 as given by Thompson and other historians, ai-e erroneous by several years. 
 
 The labors of the author have been attended by much pleasure. Should any- 
 one ask: What is the pleasure to be found in such labor? the answer is, the 
 pleasure arising from a sense of having performed a duty by conveying to those 
 who shall come after us, precious remembrances of the lives and deeds of the 
 noble men and women "who laboriously and lovingly prepai-ed f or us such a 
 heritage of popular rights and privileges, and of personal good in many forms, 
 as none else on earth ever received from those who went before them." The 
 author has had not the least expectation of pecuniary remuneration, nor of gain- 
 ing present or posthumous honor. It has been to him a la bor of love, four years 
 of patient labor during which time, for months in succession, he has given from 
 ten to sixteen houi-s daily to the work. 
 
 The author has had it in view to make this an exhaustive history of the town. 
 The work is divided into Chapters, like things being brought together, and the 
 whole contents placed in such order as seemed most eligible. The consulting 
 apparatus consists of two copious Indexes: one, of the Chapters in their order ; the 
 other an Alphabetical Index of thesame. He has endeavored not to encumber 
 the work with notes, annotations and marginal references of an ambiguous char- 
 acter. 
 
 This work though written in conformity to facts is probably not exempt from 
 errors, but it is believed that no important anachi-onism, palpable inconsistences 
 or illogioal inferences will be discovered. This work is essentially original. 
 Transcriptions are credited to the authors from whom they are taken, or by 
 marks of quotation. Having done his best to produce a valuable local history 
 the author submits it to the public with no feeling of reluctance, er ill-foreboding 
 as to its reception and usage. He prefers however, that it shall be attentively 
 read and adversely criticised, rather than placed on the shelf for ornament only, 
 or " food for moths." The author has had some generous and enthusiastic help- 
 ers. All thanks to these appreciative souls, and also to the great majority of his 
 feUow townsmen for their repeated expressions of interest in liis work, as indica- 
 ted by their votes, in three successive town meetings. 
 
 In conclusion, the author must express his grateful recognition of the valuable 
 moral and material aid extended to him by appreciative friends and helpers. 
 
 Thanks are due first to Hon. Frederick Billings of Woodstock, Vt. ; Hon. W. 
 8. Dewey, Quechee, Vt. ; Allen L. Pease, Esq., Hartford, Vt. ; Messrs. J. C. Parker 
 & Co. , Qeechee, Vt. ; Hon. C. W. Porter, Montpelier , Vt. ; George W. Smith, Esq. , 
 White River Junction, Vt., and Daniel O. Gillett, Hartford, Vt. ; who have assisted 
 me practically beyond all others in my arduous undertaking. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The following contributors of dates and facts are deserving of special mention: 
 
 Rev. M. D. Bisbee, librarian Dart. Col., 
 Hanover, N. H. 
 
 Rev. S. I. Briant, pastor Cong. Ch., 
 Hartford, Vt. 
 
 Rev. R. L. Bruce, pastor Meth. Ch., W. 
 R. Junction, Vt. 
 
 Hon. Frederick Chase, treas. D. C, 
 Hanover, N. H. 
 
 John M. Comstock, A. B., Chelsea, Vt. 
 
 Edwin Congdon, town clerk. Claren- 
 don, Vt. 
 
 Royal Cummlngs, printer, W. R. Junc- 
 tion, Vt. 
 
 Hon. W. H. DuBois, treasurer of Vt., 
 Randolph, Vt. 
 
 Hon. Amasa P. Button, Ci-aftsbury, Vt. 
 
 Hon. Samuel E. Pingree, Hartford, Vt. 
 
 Edwin L. Button, Hartford, Vt. 
 
 W. Tracy Eustis, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Col. H. E. Folsom, Supt. Pass'c. R. R., 
 Lyhdonville, Vt. 
 
 Hon. W. C. French, Woodstock, Vt. 
 
 H. Allen Hazen, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Henry Hazen, Hartford, Vt. 
 
 Mss Louise Lyman Hartford, Vt. 
 
 W. F. King, town clerk, Johnston, R. I 
 W. G. Kingsley, town clerk, Lebanon, 
 
 Ct. 
 Col. W. E. Lewis, town clerk, Nor- 
 wich, Vt. 
 Hon. C. P. Marsh, Woodstock, Vt. 
 Mrs. Amanda Morse, Union Vniage, Vt. 
 Joel A. Belano, Grove, Mich. 
 J. G. Porter, Supt. Woodstock R. R., 
 
 Woodstock, Vt. 
 Hon. John L. Rice, Springfield, Mass. 
 Rev. Charles H. Richards, Madison, 
 
 Wis. 
 Erving Russ, Hartford, Vt. 
 Hon. N. B. Saflord, Hartford, Vt. 
 Hon. Henry Safford, Quechee, Vt. 
 Mrs. Sophia B. Stoddard, Middletown, 
 
 Ct. 
 Rev. A. K. Teele, Milton, Mass. 
 Hon. A, B. Thompson, Sec. of Slate, N. 
 
 H., Concord, N. H. 
 Col. George E. Todd, Supt. Northern 
 
 R. R., Concord, N. H. 
 Miss Julia Tracy, W. Lebanon, N. H. 
 Bea. Samuel Tracy, PlatteviUe, Wis. 
 
 Thanks are due to many others, including town-clerks, clergymen and post- 
 masters, who have kindly furnished valuable items of information. 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Portrait of "William Howard Tucker, .Frontispiece. 
 
 George W. Smith's Business Block (White River Junction). ._ 128 
 
 Portrait op Hon. Albert Gallatin Dewey facing page 356 
 
 Portrait of Hon. John Porter facing page 376 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction - - xiii 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE TOWN — FIRST MEETING OF THE GRANTEES. 
 
 Hartford the first Township Chartered, after the close of the French War — 
 Date of the Charter — How the Grantees secured the first choice of Terri- 
 tory — Why christened " Hartford " — Form and Conditions of the Charter 
 — First Meeting of the Grantees under the Charter — Town OfiS.cers Chosen 
 — Committee Chosen to visit the Town to Lay out Roads, Lots, etc. — Re- 
 port of the Committee — Sequestration of Fifteen Hundred Acres of Land 
 — Highway from the " King's Ferry" up the Connecticut River — Drawing 
 of Sixty-two Lots by Lottery — Location of the Lots, and by whom Drawn 
 — Survey of the Town — Recapitulation of the Divisions of Territory 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE TOWN. 
 
 Climate — Rivers — Soil and Production — Natural Fertilizers — Geological Fea- 
 tures — Quechee Mineral Spring — Pot-Holes— Quechee Gulph — Terraces — 
 Flora and Fauna — Description of Villages and Hamlets — Account of the 
 Great Flood in 1867 _ _ 13 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT OP THE TOWN. 
 
 Measures Adopted to Promote an Early pettlement of the Town — " Book of 
 Town Votes," with Records by Prince Tracy — Date of the First Settle- 
 ment — En-or Made by Thompson corrected — Benjamin Wright's Certifi- 
 cate — Squatters in the Town in 1761 — First Meeting of the Proprietors in 
 the Town held in the House of Solomon Strong — Last Meeting held in 
 Connecticut — Chronological Record of Subsequent Meetings — First Sale 
 of a Proprietors' Right — Early Settlers and Land-Owners _ 30 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. 
 
 Date of the Organization — Proprietary and Town OiHces vested in the same 
 Persons — Transfer of Proprietors' Meetings from Connecticut to Hartford 
 — Error as to the Date of the Organization of the Town — Elijah Strong, a 
 Good Man but an IndiflEerent Clerk — First Grand-Jurymen Elected — 
 Establishment of Cattle-pounds — First Vote for a Judge of Probate — Town 
 Offtcers Chosen at the same Meeting — Condition of the Settlers in 1778 — 
 
 • Pirating upon Public Rights — Last Record made in the " Book of Town 
 Votes " — Loss of Town Records — One Thousand Acres of Land voted to 
 Thomas Hazzen — Pitches Made by Mr. Hazen — Jonathan Birch sent to 
 New York — Loss of the New Hampshire Charter — Troubles with the New 
 York Government — Passive Policy of the People of Hartford— Failure of 
 Effort to Obtain Letters Patent. . _ 42 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 FURTHER EFFORTS OF THE PROPRIETORS TO OBTAIN LETTERS PATENT. 
 
 Certificate sent to the New York Government — Petition of the Proprietors 
 and Inhabitants to the Governor of New York — Petition of Grantees to 
 
viii CONTENTS. 
 
 Sir Henry Moore — Record of Council-^Warrant of Survey to Surveyor 
 General of New York— Petition of Grantees and Others to Sir Wm. Tryon 
 — Record of Council _ _ __. 59 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 POLITICAL AND "MILITARY AFFAIRS, 1775-6. 
 
 Meetings in the House of Widow Ruth Strong — Committee of Saifety Chosen 
 — Erection of Cumberland County by New York — General Conventions of 
 Delegates — County Convention in Westminster — Meeting Held in Chester 
 — Two Regiments of Militia in Cumberland County — Citizens of Hartford 
 Commissioned — Correspondence between the Historian and the Adjutant 
 General of New York — Col. Joseph Marsh severs his Allegiance to the 
 New York Government 69 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 HARTFORD DURING THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 Alai-m on the Frontiers — Meeting held in Hanover, N. H. — Ranging Depart- 
 ment Organized — Last Meeting of the Cumberland County Committee of 
 Safety — Stirring Events of '77 — Estates Confiscated — Delegates to the 
 Windsor Convention — Vote to Form a New State — Constitution and Form 
 of Government Adopted at Windsor — Col. Joseph Marsh, Chairman of a 
 Committee to Procure Arms for the State — Census Taken of Cumberland 
 and Gloucester Counties — Population of Hartford — Hartford Militia in 
 the Battle of Bennington — Men and Horses Employed in Transporting 
 Flour to BattenkiU — Court of Confiscation — Hartford Militia doing Fron- 
 tier Duty — Militia Pay-rolls for Service Against Indians 75 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 CUSTOMS AND MATTERS IN "YE OLDEN TIME." 
 
 Character of the Pioneer Settlers — First Settlements Made on the Hills — 
 Methods of Clearing Land, BuUding Houses, and Making Furniture — Ar- 
 ticles of Food — Work of the Farmers, their Wives, and Sons and Daugh- 
 ters — Wearing Apparel — Marriage Ceremonies — Outfit of a Bride — Estab- 
 hshment of Schools — Medals for Good Scholarship — Trials and Suffering 
 Borne Patiently — Unity, Harmony and Love Among all Classes — Militia 
 Trainings — Stimulants too Commonly Indulged in — ^ Abundance of Game 
 and Fish — Husking-bees, Squirrel-hunts, Apple Cuttings, Quilting Parties, 
 Spelling, Writing and Singing Schools — Dealing upon Trust — Failure of 
 Crops— Scarcity of Food — Economy of Dress — Methods of Travel — Emigra- 
 tion to the Western States. _ __ 96 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 MANUFACTURES AND MILLS. 
 
 Labor Unaided by Labor-Saving Machinery — Rudeness of Farming Utensils 
 and all Tools — Industry of the People — Twenty-five Miles to a Grist-mill 
 by a Bridle-path — First Saw-miU and Grist-mill in the Town — FuUing and 
 Cloth-dressing Machines — Process of Making Maple Sugar — Manufacture 
 of Charcoal, Potash and Pearlash — Manufactures and Mills in Quechee — 
 Distilleries — Cider-making — Mills and Factories in various parts of the 
 Town — Marble and Granite Cutting — Cracker-baking and Other Indus- 
 tries __ .-..-.- 112 
 
CONTENTS. is 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 HIGHWAYS, HIGHWAY DISTRICTS, FERRIES, FORDS, BRIDGES, LOCKS, AND 
 
 STEAMBOATS. 
 
 Highways from Charlestown, N. H., to White River Junction; from Nor- 
 wich to Pomfret; from Connecticut River to Pomfret — Town Divided into 
 Highway Districts— Turnpike Roads Completed to Boston— The First 
 Skow Ferry-boat — Ferries on White River — Munsill's Ford— Log Bridges 
 — Bridge over Otta Quechee River— Lyman's Bridge over the Connecticut 
 River, and Litigation Connected therewith— Lottery Scheme to build a 
 Bridge in White River Vniage — White River Bridge Company — Bridges 
 at West Hai-tf ord — Locking Water Quechee Falls, White River and White 
 River FaUs — Steamboats on Connecticut River 139 
 
 CHAPTER XI. , 
 
 ' RAILROADS. 
 
 The First Railroad in the United States— First Locomotive Engine Built in 
 the United States — Miles of Raihoad in Vermont — Enhanced Value Given 
 to Real and Personal Estate in Hartford — Saving of Time and Money in 
 Transit — Litellectual and Moral Influence Exei-ted by New Methods of 
 Transit — Connection of Boston with Lake Erie — The Vermont Central 
 Railroad — Terrible Disaster at the CentrevUle Bridge — Connecticut and 
 Passumpsic Rivers Railroad — First Passenger Trains— Removal of Shops 
 ■ — Lease to the Boston and Lowell, and Present Lease to the Boston 
 and Maine Raih-oad — Officers of the Road — The Woodstock Railroad — Its 
 Charter — Organization — Bonded Debt — Probable Extension _. 151 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 POST-ROADS, POSTOFFICES AND NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 First Post-Route and First Postoffices in Vermont — Post-Route from Wind- 
 sor to ^t. Johnsbury; and from Burlington to Montreal — Postoffices and 
 Postmasters in Harford — Newspapers and Editors 166 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 POPULATION, BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, DEATHS. 
 
 Statistical Table — Causes of Increase and Decrease of Population — Rank of 
 Eighteen Towns in Vermont in Valuation — Population of Vermont by 
 Counties — Tabulated Statement of Births — Births for Ten Years arranged 
 by Months — Classifications — Marriages — Form of Marriage Certificate — 
 Number of Marriages 1802-1857 — Table of Marriages Registered from 1857 
 to 1886 — Record of Marriages — Divorces— Table of Deaths — Fifteen Prin- 
 cipal Causes of MortaUty — Causes of Consumption — Old Age and Causes 
 Promotive of it — Deaths for Ten Years by Months — Sanitary Matters' — 
 Municipal Action Concerning SmallPox 173 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 NECROLOGY, CEMETERIES, DECEDENTS IN EACH CEMETERY. 
 
 Desire of Mortals for Memory— Neglect of Burial-places— Lists of Decedents 
 in Ten Cemeteries — List of Decedents whose Graves have no Headstones- 
 Record of Deaths by Rev. Austin Hazen — Deaths, Accidental, Sudden, 
 and by Suicide - - 185 
 
3 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 
 
 Taxes Paid for the Support of Ministers— Constitution of the Lords— Pi'oprie- 
 tors of Carolina— Third Article of the Constitution of Vermont— Act of 
 the General Assembly— Certificates of Religious Connection— Vote to 
 Build a Meeting-house— First Congi-egational Preaching— Hardships of 
 the Early Ministers— First Congregational Society Organized— Congi-ega- 
 tional Church Papers— Settlement of Rev. Austin Hazen at the Centi-e 
 of the Town— Condition of the Church there— Record of Church-meetings 
 — Resignation and Dismission of Mr. Hazen — Papers Relating to Support 
 of Mr. Hazen— Warrant to Collector of Taxes - - - 201 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETIES AND CHURCHES. 
 
 Steps Taken to Build a Meeting-house, and Organize a Rehgious Society 
 in White River Village— Society Oiganized— Meeting-house Dedicated- 
 Consolidation of Two Societies, under the Title of " The Second Congrega- 
 tional Society," Churcli at the Centre of the Town Continued in White 
 River Village— Clerks of the Society— Records of the Chui-ch to the In- 
 stallation of Rev. S. I. Briant— Records of Baptisms — Membership of the 
 Church- List of Deacons— West Hai-tford Congregational Church and 
 Society — Meetings held by Rev. Aaron Hutchinson — List of Pastors and 
 Acting Pastors — Deacons and Clerks — Statistics of the Church — First Con- 
 gregational Society in Quechee — Meeting-house Societies — First Congrega- 
 tional Church— Ministers 1830 to 1887— Church Statistics— Congregational 
 Church in Olcott 316 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN DOTHAN. 
 
 Branch of the Church at Dartmouth College — Meetings Held in the House of 
 Thomas Hazen — Conti'oversies Arise — Members of the Hartford Branch of 
 the Church claim Supremacy — Members of the Hanover Branch claim In- 
 dependency — PubUo Interest in the Quan-el — Question Carried into Polit- 
 ical Strife — Rev. Eden Burroughs — Records of the Church — Rev. Austin 
 Hazen Installed Pastor — Trouble with a Refractory Member, who Objects 
 to the Polity of the Church — The Church Changes its Usages and Customs 
 — Rev. Cary Russell, the Last Pastor of the Church — Dissolution of the 
 Church — Comments _ -- 242 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC AND OTHER CHURCHES. 
 
 Formation of a Roman Catholic Pai'ish — Old Moseley House Converted into 
 a Chapel — Church Edifice BuUt — Pastorate of Rev. M. Pigeon, Rev. Daniel 
 Sullivan, Rev. Dennis Lynch, and Rev. James Booth Whitaker — Valuation 
 of Church Property — Families in the Pai-ish — The Pai'oohial School — 
 Methodist-Episcopal Church — First Preaching — First Meeting-house — 
 Preaching in White River Junction — Meeting-house Erected — Ministers — 
 Methodist Church in Quechee and in Olcott — Covenant Baptist Society — 
 Certificates of Membership — The Christian Denomination — Jasper Hazen 
 Set Apart to the Ministry — Society in Quechee — Rev. Moses Kidder — Dis- 
 solution of the Society — The Protestant Episcopal Church — History of the 
 Glebe and Propagatmg Rights — Glebes Sequestered for the Use of Com- 
 mon Schools — Occupants of Church Lands in Hartford — UniversaUst 
 
CONTENTS. si 
 
 Society Organized— Church Edifice Erected— Pastors to the Present Tiine 
 —The Second Adventists— Their Camp-meeting Ground— Organization of 
 "White River Junction Camp-meetiag Association "—The Puritans 253 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 Liberal Provisions by the Early Settlers to Promote Education — Legislative 
 Support — System of Public Instruction— The Surplus Revenue— Dona- 
 tions to Dartmouth College — Division of the Town into School Districts- 
 Lease of School Lands— First School in West Hartford— Teachers of Fifty 
 Years Ago— Monologue— Fu-st School White River Village— Hartford 
 Academy — Superintendents of Schools— Teaching a Profession — The Town 
 System — Prudential Committees, and Teachers — Forms in use by the Select- 
 men and Treasurer — The Huntington Fund, Newspapers, etc 272 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 POLITICS AND POLITICAL PARTIES. 
 
 Local Self-government — Prevalence of Congregationalism as a Form of 
 Church Polity — Town Votes for Governors — Contest over the Election of a 
 Town Representative — Duty of Every Citizen to Exercise the Right of 
 Franchise — Caucuses — Members of Congi-ess, State, County and Town 
 Officers— The Selectmen's Book 288 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 TAXES— GBNEKAL LIST — SUPPORT OF THE POOR. 
 
 Methods of Collecting Taxes — Minimum and Maximum Rate of Taxation — 
 General List by Decades — Comparative Auditors' Reports — Rank of the 
 Town in its Grand list and Population — Increase of Ratable Pi-operty — 
 Sales of Land for Taxes — Lists of Taxpayers — Grand List for 1887 297 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 The Poor and Their Support — Sale of the Care of the Poor at Auction — Sale 
 of Irena Dunkin — Insane Poor Kept in Cages — Town Farm Purchased — 
 Annual Cost of Supporting the Poor — Overseers of the Pool' — Secret 
 Societies — Free Masons, KJaights of Honor, Odd Fellows, and Good Tem- 
 plars 305 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 WAR OP 1812, AND WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 Quota of Vermont MiUtia called for in 1812— Militia Companies— Selectmen's 
 Orders for Equipments and Supplies — Supplies Furnished to the State — 
 War of the Rebellion — Requisition on Gov. Fairbanks for Troops — Com- 
 missions for Raising the 3d and 3d Vt. Regiments— Municipal War Legisla- 
 tion— Rosters of Volununteers from the Town During the Civil War— War 
 Expenses of the Town— Abraham Lincoln Post, G. A. R.— Memorial 
 Association — Military Necrology — A Military Incident 315 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 MICELLANEOUS MATTERS. 
 
 Letter from Roswell Marsh— The Old Centre Meeting-House— Two Inter- 
 esting Letters — Hotels and Landlords 338 
 
xii CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXV. 
 
 BIOGEAPHY. 
 
 Biographical Sketches of Native and Foreign-born Citizens- 853 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 SKETCHES OF ALTJMNI OF DARTMOUTH AND OTHER COLLEGES. 
 
 Honorary Degrees, Conf en-ed 386 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 GENEALOGIES. 
 
 The Bartholomew Family 408 The Pinneo Family _ 455 
 
 TheBugbee Family .._411 The Richards Family 456 
 
 The Delano Family 413 The Savage Family .._ 458 
 
 TheDutton Family 414 The Sprague Family 460 
 
 TheGillett Family 431 The Strong Family 463 
 
 TheHazen Family 435 The Tilden Family 465 
 
 TheLeavitt Family 447 The Tracy Family 467 
 
 The Lyman Family _ _ _447 The Ti-umbuU FamUy 470 
 
 The Marsh Family 448 The Tucker FamUy _ _471 
 
 The Newton FamUy 453 The Whitney Family 475 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Business Directory 1889 477 
 
 INDEX 479 
 
INTEODUCTION. 
 
 For more than a century after the landing of the Pilgrim fathers at 
 Plymouth, no settlements had been made in Vermont, and prior to 1760 
 but a few settlements had been attempted, and such were of a military 
 character. Daring the colonial and Indian wars the territory of Ver- 
 mont, being situated between the English and French provinces, be- 
 came a thoroughfare over which the respective military forces of the 
 belligerents were almost constantly passing and re-passing, and the ter- 
 ritory being claimed and occupied as a hunting ground by the native 
 Iroquois, Cossack and St. Francis tribes of Indians, who were often at 
 war with each other, the settlement of the territory was regarded as 
 dangerous and infeasible. These and other obstacles militated against 
 peaceable and permanent settlements, consequently no such were 
 effected till after the conquest of Canada by the English in 1760. 
 
 The territor^j now constituting the State of Vermont, was anciently 
 claimed both by the province of New York and that of New Hampshire. 
 Benning Wentworth, who was commissioned goverernor of New Hamp- 
 shire in 1741, began in 1749 to make grants of lands situated, as he con- 
 ceived, within the borders of New Hampshire. These grants extended 
 westward within twenty miles of the Hudson, and along the shores of 
 Lake Champlain. The titles to these lands, so granted, were disputed 
 by New York, which claimed the whole of this territory to the west 
 bank of Connecticut river by a grant from King Charles the Second. A 
 lengthy correspondence between Wentworth and Governor Clinton of 
 New York concerning their respective titles to the lands thus granted 
 ended in an agreement between the two governors to submit the point 
 in controversy to the king, yet Wentworth disregarded the agreement 
 and continued to make grants west of Connecticut river till 1754, when 
 a renewal of hostilities between the English and French put a stop to 
 applications and delayed the determination of the king regarding said 
 boundary. 
 
 The war being closed in 1760, a treaty of peace was concluded be- 
 tween England and France in 1763, which secured to the British a large 
 tract of country situated between New England and New York and 
 Canada. In their expeditions against the French, the English colonists 
 became acquainted with the value of the lands lying between Connecti- 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 c it river and the Canadian border, and at the cessation of hostilities 
 they were eagerly sought after by adventurers and speculators, and it 
 became the interest of the royal governors of New York and New Hamp- 
 shire to vie with each other in granting this territory and receiving the 
 golden emoluments arising from their grants. 
 
 Governor Wentworth availed himself of this opportunity to renew his 
 work of making grants, and by advice of his council ordered a survey to 
 be made of Connecticut river for sixty miles, and three lines of town- 
 ships on each side to be laid out. As applications increased, townships 
 of six miles square were granted, and in 1761 not less than sixty town- 
 ships were granted west of Connecticut river, and eighteen on the east 
 side. In 1763, the whole number granted on the west side amounted to 
 138. The passion for obtaining these lands rose to a great height, and 
 the new townships were ere long peopled, to a considerable extent, 
 with emigrants from Connecticut and Massachusetts, most of whom 
 were only temporary sojourners. 
 
 Belknap says : "Besides the fees and presents for these grants which 
 were undefined, a reservation was made for the governor of 500 acres in 
 each township, and of lots for public purposes. These reservations were 
 clear of all fees and charges. The whole number of grafts on the west- 
 ern side of the river amounted to 138, and the extent was from Connec-. 
 ticut river to twenty miles east of the Hudson, as far as that river ex- 
 tended northerly ; and after that, westward to Lake Champlain. The 
 rapid progress of these grants filled the coffers of the governor. Those 
 who had obtaLnfid the grants were seeking purchasers in all the neigh- 
 boring colonies, whilst the original inhabitants of New Hampshire, to 
 whom these lands had formerly been promised as a reward for their 
 merit in defending the country, were overlooked in the distribution ; 
 unless they were disposed to apply in the same manner as persons from 
 abroad ; or, unless they happened to be in favor. When remonstrances 
 were made to the governor on this subject, his answer was that the peo- 
 ple of the old towns had been formerly complimented with grants 
 which they had neglected to improve ; and, that the new grantees were 
 better husbandmen and would promote the cultivation of the new prov- 
 ince." * * * 
 
 " The grants on the western side of Connecticut river alarmed the 
 government of New York; who, by their agent, made application to the 
 crown, representing that it would be greatly to the advantage of the 
 people settled on those lands to be annexed to New York ; and submit- 
 ting the cause to royal decision. In the meantime a proclamation was 
 issued by Lieut.- Governor Golden, reciting the grant of King Charles 
 
INTRODUCTION. xv 
 
 to the Dake of York, asserting the jurisdiction of New York as far east- 
 ward as Connecticut river ; and enjoined the sheriff of the county of 
 Albany to return the names of all persons who under color of the .New 
 Hampshire grants held possession of lands westward of that river. 
 This was answered by a proclamation of Governor Wentworth, declar- 
 ing the grant to the Duke of York to be obsolete, and that the western 
 bounds of New Hampshire were co-extensive with those of Massachus- 
 etts and Connecticut ; encouraging the grantees to maintain their pos- 
 sessions, and cultivate their lands, and commanding civil officers to 
 execute the laws and punish disturbers of the peace." 
 
 The application of New York, above named, was referred to the 
 board of trade, and upon their representation, seconded by a report of 
 a committee of the privy council, the following order was passed by the 
 king in council, which will doubtless interest all readers of this history : 
 
 ^s.} 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 U il)c Court of St. Sameo, 
 ©he 20: day oi ittlj!, 1764. 
 
 The Kings Most Excellent Majesty. 
 Lord Stewart, Earl of Hillsborough. 
 
 Earl of Sandwich, M. Vice Chamberlain. 
 
 Earl of Halifax, Gilbert Elliot, Esq. 
 
 Earl of Porvis, James Oswald, Esq. 
 
 Earl of Harcourt. 
 
 Whereas, there was this day read at the Board a Report made by the Right 
 Honorable the Lords of the Committee of Connoil for Plantation Affairs, dated 
 the 17th of this Instant, upon considering a Representation from the Lords 
 Commissioners for Trade and Plantations relative to the disputes that have 
 soTne years subsisted between the Provinces of New Hampshire and New York 
 concerning the Boundary Line between those Provinces, — His Majesty taking 
 the same into consideration was pleased, with the advice of His Privy Council, 
 to approve of what is therein proposed, and doth accordingly hereby order and 
 Declare the Western Banks of the River Connecticut from ivhere it enters the 
 Province of Massachusettes Bay as far North as the forty-fifth Degree of 
 Northern Latitude to be the Boundary Line between the two Provinces of New 
 Hampshire and New York — whereof the respective Governors and Commanders- 
 in-Chief of His Majesty's said Provinces of New Hampshire and. New York for 
 the time being, and all others whom it concerns are to take notice of His Majes- 
 ty's pleasure hereby signified and govern themselves accordingly. 
 
 (Signed) W. BLAIR. 
 
 L. S. 
 
 Stote of Hen) l^ampsljirt, 
 
 ^'' ^ttniM^'^ (§iixu, ©otttotil, |l. p. 
 
 I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the original document. 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my official .signature and af- 
 fixed the seal of the State. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 A. B. THOMPSON, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
"A town exists in its Mstory— Take away the memory of the past and 
 what remains P A name and only a name. Take away the example of 
 the recorded wisdom of the past, and what ray of light would be left for 
 our guidance? What could we do hut wander In the maze of perpetual 
 childhood? If we are bound to respect the claims of posterity, we like- 
 wise owe a debt to our ancestors,"— C/4!>?«a«. 
 
 " A people who do not lookback to their ancestors will not look forward 
 to their posterity," — Burke. 
 
 " How carefully should we secure the memorials, while we may, of the 
 long procession of true-hearted men and women that have borne down, 
 with many tears and toils and prayers, the precious ark of G-od's cove- 
 nant and of our liberties to the present hour. We will not, we cannot, 
 forget those who toiled and dared and endured so much for God and for 
 
 us."— ^. JV. Dwight. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE TOWN FIRST MEETING OF THE GRANTEES. 
 
 Among the many grants made by Gov. Wentworth in 1761, was 
 that of Hartford, ' which was the first township chartered after the 
 close of the French war. The charter was granted on the 4th of July, 
 1T61, seven years, to a day, after the first plan of the American Union 
 was adopted ; fifteen years prior to the promulgation of the Declara- 
 tion of American Independence, and in the second year of the reign of 
 King George HI. of England. 
 
 Tradition does not inform us why the grantees of this Township 
 selected it from among the many townships which Wentworth caused 
 to be surveyed on the west side of the Connecticut River, nor why 
 they were so fortunate as to secure the first choice of territory, in every 
 respect the best of the river townships. Belknap, in his History of 
 New Hampshire, written in 1784, states his opinion in relation to the 
 settlements made on both sides of the Connecticut River immediately 
 after the close of the French war, in these words, viz. : " During the 
 war the continual passing of troops through these lands caused the 
 value of them to be more generally known, and when, by the conquest 
 of Canada, tranquility was restored, they were eagerly sought by 
 adventurers and speculators." 
 
 It may be that the fame of these lands inspired John Baldwin 
 and his neighbors in Windham, Ct., with the desire and determination 
 to possess a portion of them, but why did they select this Township, 
 which they christened "Hartford," ' in preference to all others ? 
 
 The writer of this History is of the opinion that the early appli- 
 cation made by the grantees for a charter of this particular Township 
 was solely due to the influence and efforts of the Strong brothers, who 
 were among the first settlers of this Township, and that this was 
 brought about by their having a personal knowledge of the Township. 
 
 When Governor Wentworth became cognizant of the fact that 
 the lands in New Hampshire and Vermont were " eagerly sought after," 
 he hastened to have said lands surveyed and laid out into townships. 
 This step created a demand for surveyors. The two brothers, Elijah 
 
 ' This name was chosen probably for the reason that the grantees of the 
 Township resided in Connecticut, of which State Hartford, in Hartford County, 
 is the capital. A predilection for this name was a verj natural one. 
 
 ^ On a " Chorographical Map of the Northern Department of Northern 
 America" this Town is laid down as " Ware." 
 
3 HISTORY OF HARTFORB. 
 
 and Benajah Strong, were by vocation land surveyors. DouBtless 
 they were summoned to aid in the work of surveying this and other 
 townships. During the progress of their work they perambulated this 
 Township, and, with a keen perception of comparative values, soon 
 discovered the superiority of this 'J'ownship to others included in their 
 surveys, in respect to the splendid water-power and mill-privileges 
 found by them on the three rivers that watered the Township ; in the 
 valuable pine forests that skirted these streams and extended inland, 
 and in the richness of the soil from river bank to mountain top. Their 
 favorable impressions were communicated to their neighbors in 
 Lebanon, Ct., and hastened their application for a charter which would 
 secure to them the coveted territory, and, happily for them, they 
 secured the first choice and, consequently, the first charter granted 
 after the close of the French war. 
 
 FOEM OF THE CHAKTEE. 
 
 The Charter of the Township of Hartford was granted to John 
 Baldwin and sixty-one other grantees, most of whom were inhabitants 
 «ither of Windham or Lebanon, Ct. The Charter begins as follows : 
 
 "Province of New Hampshire. 
 
 George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, 
 Kjng, Befender of the Faith, etc. To all persons to whom these presents shall 
 come. Greeting." 
 
 The Charter proceeds to say that His Majesty of his special grace, 
 for the due encouragement of settling a new plantation within said 
 Province, by and with the advice of his trusty and well beloved 
 Benning Wentworth, governor and commander-in-chief of said Province 
 in New England, and of his council of said Province, had, upon the 
 conditions and reservations to be named, given and granted in equal 
 shares unto his loving subjects of said Province and other governments 
 whose names were entered on the grant, to be divided to and amongst 
 them into sixty-eight shares, all that tract of land within said Province, 
 containing by admeasurement 27,000 acres, which tract was to contain 
 six miles and a half square, out of which an allowance was to be made 
 for highways and unimprovable lands, 1,040 acres free, and the same 
 was incorporated into a township by the name of Hartford. The 
 boundary of the Township was as follows : " Beginning at a white 
 pine tree marked opposite to the southwest corner of Lebanon, across 
 the River Connecticut, from thence north 68° west seven miles ; thence 
 north 35° east seven miles ; thence south 60° east six miles to a hemlock 
 tree marked, at the head of White River Falls ; thence down the river 
 to place of beginning." 
 
HISTORY OP HARTFORD. 3 
 
 The Charter conferred on the future inhabitants of the Township 
 all the privileges and immunities exercised and enjoyed by other 'New 
 Hampshire towns, provided that as soon as there should be fifty families 
 resident and settled therein, they should have the liberty of holding 
 town fairs twice annually, and also of opening and keeping a market 
 one or more days in each week, as might be thought most advantageous 
 to the inhabitants. Also, the Charter provided that the first meeting 
 for the choice of town officers should be held on the last Wednesday 
 of August, 1761, and that the annual meetings forever thereafter, for 
 the choice of town officers for the said town, should be held on the 
 second Tuesday of March. The conditions upon which the Charter 
 was granted were : 
 
 First. That every grantee, his heirs and assigns, should plant 
 and cultivate five acres of land within the term of five years for evei-y 
 fifty acres contained in his share, and should continue to cultivate and 
 improve the same under a penalty of the forfeiture of his grant. 
 
 Second. That all white_ and other pine timber (trees) within the 
 township fit for making his Majesty's royal navy, should be carefully 
 preserved for that use — and none should be cut or felled without 
 special license, upon a penalty of forfeiture of the right and the 
 penalty of any act of parliament then or thereafter enacted. 
 
 Third. — That before any division of the land should be made to or 
 among the grantees, a tract of land, as near the centre of the township 
 as the land will admit of, should be reserved and marked out for town 
 lots, one of which should be allotted to each grantee of the contents of 
 one acre. 
 
 Fourth. — Yielding and paying to hie majesty, his heirs and successors 
 for the space of ten years, the rent of one ear of Indian corn only, on 
 the 25th day of December, annually, if lawfully demanded : the first 
 payment to be made on the 25th day of December, 1762. 
 
 Sixth. — That each proprietor after the expiration of ten years from the 
 25th day of Dec, 1762, should yearly pay to his majesty one shilling 
 proclamation money for every 100 acres he owned, which should be 
 paid in his majesty's council chamber in Plymouth, or to such officers 
 as should be appointed to receive the same, and this to be in lieu of all 
 other rents and service whatever. 
 
 On the back of the charter the names of but sixty grantees are re- 
 corded,' and the following endorsement, viz. : 
 
 "His excellency, Bennlng Wentworth, Esq., a tract of land containing 500 
 
 acres as mai'ked B. W. in the plan, which is to be accounted two of the within 
 
 named shares. One whole share for the incorporated society for the propagation 
 
 of the gospel in foreign parts : One whole share for a globe for the church of 
 
 » 
 
 'One name, thatof Benj. Whitney, is duplicated, two names, viz. . Elihu Hyde 
 and Elisha Wright, which appear in the record of first division by lottery, are 
 omitted on the charter. The number should be sixty-two plus four reser- 
 vations, and two shares for the Governor — total, sixty-eight shares. 
 
4 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 England, as by law established : One whole share for the first settled minister of 
 the gospel, and one share for the benefit of a school in said township. 
 
 " Province of New Hampshire — recorded in the book of charters. 
 
 " (Signed,) Theodore /ttkinson, Secty." 
 
 Inasmuch as the pages of the old record books have become worn 
 and defaced by age and much hard usage, I deem it proper to copy 
 under their respective dates such portions of the proprietors' and early 
 town records as are most important in facts — at least sufficient of the 
 same to insure a clear and' concise connection in this work, convey an 
 intelligent idea of events to the reader, and preserve that which is truly 
 interesting and valuable. 
 
 riEST MEETING OF THE PEOPBIETORS. 
 
 In accordance with the provisions of the charter, a meeting of the 
 proprietors of the township of Hartford was held in Windham, Con- 
 necticut, August 26, 1761. The record of that meeting was made by 
 Prince Tracy, clerk-elect, and the following is a copy, verbatim ad litera- 
 tim : 
 
 At a Meating of the Proprietors of the Town of Hartford, In the Province of 
 New Hampshire, Legally Warned and Holden att Windham, in the Colony of 
 Connecticut, August ye 26, 1761. Pursuant to a Charter of sd Township, Dated 
 July 4, 1761 : In Said Chai-ter Mr. John Baldwin was appointed Moderator of 
 said Meating : At Said Meating Chosen Prince Ti-aoy Proprietors' Clerk and 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Foied,— That the Selectmen,^ Viz. : William Clark, Prince Tracy and John 
 Baldwin, Shall be Assessors for said Proprietors. Chosen Maj'r Joseph Blanch- 
 ard, Silas Phelps, and Moses Hebard, Collector of Taxes.s 
 
 " At Said Meating, the Said Moderator being obliged to attend another meat- 
 ing of another Town on Sd Day, Whereupon he Conducted Said Meating to the 
 Choice of another Moderator. Whereupon sd Meating Chose Capt. William - 
 Clarke Moderator to Conduct tlie Remaining Part of Sd Meating. Att Sd Meat- 
 ing Voted that they will Chuse a Committee to Go and View Sd Township and 
 Lay the first Division of land to Each Proprietor on Lot, and that Sd Committee 
 Shall Consist of six men to be Chosen for that purpos. 
 
 Voted, that Capt. William Clark, Lieut. Prince Tracy, Mr. Silas Phelps, Mr. 
 James Flint, Mr. Benjamin Wright and Mr. Elijah Bingham, Shall be sd Com- 
 mitte to G-o and View the Said Township and lay out a Town Plot, or the land 
 ordered in the Charter to be Laid out for Town Lots and also, to Lay out Con- 
 venient Rhods or highways So vsdde as sd Committee Shall Judge Convenient 
 and so many as they Shall Judge Neo'ary for the Present use of sd Township ; 
 Then to Proceed to Lay out as many Lots as there is Proprietors or Equal Shears, 
 
 ' The first business transacted at this meeting was making choice of town 
 officers — or organizing the town — which Thompson, and other historians, have 
 erroneously stated did not occur until March, 1768. Thompson derived his in- 
 formation regarding this, and other events, from citizens of the town whose 
 memories were not trustworthy authority. 
 
HISTORY OF HAETFOBD. 5 
 
 the Least of Which to Contam fifty acres, and so to Inlarge the Quantity so as to 
 ' make them as Equal as they can. Having Regard to tlie Quality and Situation 
 of the Land and make a Proper Plan of their Doings on Good Pai'chment with 
 the Quantity, Description and Number of Each Lot therein Contained. 
 
 Voted, That a Tax of Twenty ShilUngs Lawful! money To Each Proprietor 
 Shall be forthwith Maid and Collected to Pay the debts of Said Town and pay the 
 Charge of the Comtee laying out sd Township. 
 
 "Voted, that tills meeting shall be adjourned unto the third Tuesday of No- 
 vember next at nine of the clock in the morning at the house of Mr. Paul He- 
 bard, in Windham, in the Colony of Connecticut. And said meeting was 
 accordingly adjourned." 
 
 Immediately after the first meeting, the committee chosen to visit 
 the township, make an inspection of it, and lay out the first division of 
 lots, proceeded to the performance of the duty assigned to them ; rap- 
 idly completed their work in the township ; returned to Connecticut, 
 and, at a meeting held in Windham pursuant to adjournment, reported 
 the result of their labors. The record of said meeting reads as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 " At a meeting of the proprietors of the town of Hartford, in the province of 
 New Hampshire, holden in Windham in the colony of Connecticut. November 
 ye 17th, 1761, by adjournment from August ye 26th, 1761 : 
 
 Voted, That they will except of the doings of the committee as they have ex- 
 hibited to this meeting by theu-.plan and return. 
 
 Upon the report of the committee to this meeting exhibited that they have 
 laid out as many lots in said township as there are proprietors. 'Tis therefore 
 voted that the said lots be distributed to the proprietors by a lottery, that is to 
 say, that the names of the proprietors shall each be written on separate pieces of 
 paper, and also, that the description of each lot shall be written on sepai'ate 
 pieces of paper, and that said names shall be put into one thing by themselves 
 and the said description' into another, then they shall be drawn out by indiffer- 
 ent persons, they not seeing which they draw, and the lot that shall be drawn 
 against any proprietoi's' name shall be his, and shall be recorded to Mm, his 
 heirs, and assigns, to hold in severalty pursuant to the charter. 
 
 And said lots were accordingly drawn by two disinterested persons and the 
 lots came out, or were drawn as hereafter recorded. Also voted, that there shall 
 be lands to the contents of fifteen hundred acres reserved and sequestered lying 
 in the north-west corner of said township in a squai-e body to Ue to make those 
 proprietors good or equal which shall not have so good lots as the proprietors 
 have in general. 
 
 Voted, That the treasiu-er shall pay to Mr. Jolm Baldwin the sum of tlu-ee 
 pounds, fifteen shUhngs and tenpence, three farthings more than he hath al- 
 ready had, being what he is to have for the present for his service in procuring 
 a charter for us. 
 
 Voted, That there shall be a committee of three men chosen to agree with the 
 committee that laid out the lots in said town, and adjust the same, and their 
 order shall be a sufilcient warrant for the treasurer to pay the sums to the per- 
 sons they shall agree with and order out as aforesaid. 
 
6 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Chosen, Mr. Samuel Terry, Mr. Elias Frink, and Mr. Jonathan Martin, a com- 
 mittee for the purpose aforesaid. 
 
 Voted, To adjourn until Monday next, being the 23rd day of this instant, at 
 12 of the clock, to the house of Mr. Paul Hebard in Windham." 
 
 At the meeting held pursuant to the last named adjournment the 
 proprietors chose Prince Tracy their committee to apply to the com- 
 mittees or selectmen of the several towns lying down Connecticut 
 river to the Kings' Ferry above Charlestown, or " No. 4," and with 
 those above Hartford on Connecticut river, to join in seeking out a 
 public highway from said Kings' Ferry up Connecticut river. It was 
 also voted to raise a tax of eleven shillings ($2.66) to each share to de- 
 fray necessary expenses. Mr. James Flint was chosen to take effectual 
 care of the pine timber, both standing and lying, and improve that 
 already cut down, etc., and to contract with the King's surveyor for 
 getting masts and other timber for his majesty's navy ; and render the 
 profits to the proprietors. Also, that future meetings should be 
 wained by the selectmen by putting up a warning in writing under 
 their hand on the sign post, in Windham and Lebanon Conn., and 
 also by advertising said meeting in the " Boston Publiok Newspaper," 
 at least three weeks before such meetings. 
 
 The next record is that made of the drawing of lots by lottery, viz : 
 " An account of the persons who drawed the lotts in the lottery. In 
 the open proprietors meating Nov. ye 17th, 1761, and the Lotts came 
 out to the several Persons as Hereafter Recorded.'" 
 
 The drawing resulted in a division of sixty-two lots. The charter 
 gives the number of proprietors as sixty eight. This number in- 
 cludes the Governor's right — (two shares) — and the four reservations for 
 public, pious and charitable uses. The record of the names of the 
 charter members found recorded on the back of the charter, contains 
 sixty-one names only, including one name that is duplicated, viz : Ben- 
 jamin Whitney. Expunging the duplication, and inserting the names 
 of Elisha Wright and Elihu Hyde, who are named in the list of those 
 who drew lots, we have the correct number, sixty-two. 
 
 It appears that some of those who had paid in money in expectation 
 of becoming charter members were left out. At the third meeting of 
 the proprietor?, March 9th, 1762, it was voted " that the treasurer shall 
 pay the three shillings back to those who paid the same and got left 
 out of the charter." 
 
 No mention is made, up to this time, of the location of the six shares 
 mentioned on the back of the charter. For convenience of reference, 
 and comparison with later divisions of land, I will here insert a list of 
 the proprietors who drew lots, together with the number, the location 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 7 
 
 and number of acres recorded to each proprietor. Forty-three of the lots 
 laid out bordered on the Connecticut river, of which twenty-four were 
 north of White Eiver and nineteen were south of "White River; two of said 
 lots bordered on both of said rivers. Fourteen lots bordered on White 
 river, north side, and five directly on White River, south side, — the num- 
 bering of each tier of lots began at the confluence of said rivers. The 
 figures on the left of the names indicate the . number of the lot, the 
 figures on the right indicate the number of acres. 
 
 10 
 11 
 13 
 
 On Connbctictjt River. North op White River. 
 
 Benjamin Whitney ... 19 
 
 Elisha Doubleday 50 
 
 Thomas BeU .50 
 
 Joseph Follett 51 
 
 Rowland PoweU 53. 
 
 Joseph Martin 53 
 
 William Temple 53 
 
 WilhamAUa 54 
 
 Ephraim Terry 54 
 
 Oliver Booth 55 
 
 Silas Phelps 56 
 
 Oliver Brewster 56 
 
 13 James Flint 57 
 
 14 ElihuHide 58 
 
 15 James Newcomb.. 59 
 
 16 Ebenezer Gillett 69 
 
 17 Joseph Newmarch . 60 
 
 18 Gideon Hebard . _ . . . . 60 
 
 19 CalebHoward 59 
 
 30 Daniel Redington 59 
 
 31 Aaron Fish 59 
 
 33 Joshua Wight, Jr 60 
 
 33 Samuel Terry 60 
 
 24 Eleazer Hebard . 60 
 
 Total number of acres 1314 
 
 Up North Side op White River 
 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 Timothy Clark 31 1 8 
 
 Joseph Blanchard 5(J 9 
 
 John Rounday 50 1 10 
 
 Jonathan Simons 50 1 11 
 
 Daniel Wai-ner_ 
 John Baldwin, Jr. 
 
 50 
 .50 
 
 Elisha Wright 53 
 
 Prince Ti'acy 53 
 
 N. Waldow 53 
 
 Jonathan Martin, Jr. 53 
 
 William Yongs, Jr. 59 
 
 Samuel Porter 59 
 
 7 Samuel Terry, Jr .50 14 Benjamin Wright 61 
 
 Total number of acres 
 
 Up South Side of White River. 
 
 .733 
 
 1 John Baldwin 31 
 
 3 Ezekiah Huntington 484 
 
 3 Nathaniel Holbrook, Jr 61J 
 
 Eleazer Fitch, 3d 61f 
 
 Eliphalet Phelps 65 
 
 Elijah Bingham 65 
 
 Total number of acres 
 
 On The Connecticut River, South of White River. 
 
 -333i 
 
 Nathaniel Clark 19 
 
 David Newcomb 50 
 
 Joshua Pomeroy 50| 
 
 EliasFrink 50| 
 
 Benjamin Wright, Jr . _ 50| 
 
 David Newcomb 49^ 
 
 WiUiam Clark 50f 
 
 Samuel Wentworth 51 
 
 Samuel Williams 53 
 
 Total number of acres 
 
 -50 
 
 11 John Spencer, Jr 
 
 13 Nathaniel Warner 
 
 13 Daniel Pomeroy 
 
 14 Gideon Flint 58" 
 
 15 Elijah Bebbins 58/j 
 
 16 Thomas Tracy 59i 
 
 17 Jonathan Commings 58 
 
 18 Caleb Owen 58i 
 
 19 Gideon Bingham, Jr 5'^is 
 
 .938i 
 
 The Grand total of acres thus divided was 3,308f|-. 
 subsequently referred to as the first fifty acre division. 
 
 This division is 
 
8 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 SUBSEQUENT DIVISIONS OF SHARES. 
 
 The question of making a second division of land was first debated 
 at a proprietors meeting held in Windham, Nov. 3rd, 1762, when it was 
 decided to make a division of one hundred acres to each proprietor, 
 each lot to front on the public roads already laid out, and, at the same 
 , time, one lot in the most convenient place for that purpose should be 
 reserved for the first settled minister. No further action was taken on 
 this subject until March 8th, 1763, when it was voted " that those pro- 
 prietors, etc., who shall mate their first entry on the lots of the second 
 division shall have their first choice, and so successively as they shall 
 enter on said lots." These favorable terms failed to promote emmi- 
 gration commensurate with the hopes and expectations of the proprie- 
 tors. Indeed, the committee chosen to lay out the second division, 
 failed to then perform that work. Certain persons had, however, en- 
 tered upon lands of the first division, and done some work toward 
 clearing and improving said lands. In the following warning for a 
 meeting of the proprietors one of the causes of the delay becomes ap- 
 parent : 
 
 " Whereas sundry of the proprietors of the town of Hartford, in the province 
 of New Hampsliire have applied to us for a meeting of said proprietors, some 
 representing that the votes already come into relating to laying out a second 
 division will not answer the end proposed, and others representing it best, in 
 their opinion, to have the whole township laid out and distributed. These are 
 therefore to warn said proprietors to meet at the house of Samuel Badger, inn- 
 holder in Windham, in the colony of Connecticut on Tuesday the 30th day of 
 August instant at 13 o'clock at noon, to conclude. Whether it is best to make 
 any alteration in said votes, and what, or whether they wiU lay out the whole 
 township in proper divisions, and distribute the same as justly as may be among 
 said proprietors and raise money sufficient with what is ah'eady raised to defray 
 the charge of doing the same, and also choose a committee to do said service, 
 etc. Given under our hands this 30th day of August, 1763. 
 
 Elias Bingham, ) 
 
 Silas Phelps, V Comtee. 
 
 Thomas Tracy, ) 
 
 The proprietors met in accordance with the above warning and voted 
 that they would change all former votes relating to a second division. 
 They then voted that the committee chosen to go and lay out the sec- 
 ond division should look out all the meadow land not yet laid out and 
 divide said land equally in quantity and quality to each proprietor ; 
 that the hundred acre lots should be laid out in any part of the town- 
 ship where the committee judged best, having special reference to lay 
 out the best land, and make the lots as equal as possible, with allow- 
 ance for a highway to each lot, and also, to lay out the four public lots 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 9 
 
 named in the charter, fronting on the rivers, and in as good situation 
 and of as much value as the first division of land ; and to lay out a 
 proper share of meadow, or hundred acre lots, to those who had, 
 labored in the town. John Spencer, Jr., Prince Tracy, and Elijah 
 Strong, were chosen a committee to do this work of laying out roads 
 and the land named, and they speedily began operations, each proprie- 
 tor being taxed ten shillings to defray expenses in addition to eleven 
 shillings on a share previously assessed, a total of about $3.15. 
 
 KEPOKT OF THE STJEVEYING COMMITTEE. 
 
 On the 31st December, 1763, the report of the committee on their 
 survey of the town, etc., was considered by the proprietors, and ac- 
 cepted. The report was in substance as follows : 
 
 " We the subscribers pursuant to the trust reposed in us did, on the 4th day of 
 October last, begin to run round the town of Hartford in the pi-ovince of New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 We began at the N. E. corner at the hemlock tree standing near the head of 
 White river falls, and run thence north 60° west one mile to a large black birch 
 tree marked 1 m. , standingon land descending a httle to the south, thence one mile 
 to a small Emmon-wood tree on land descending toward the south-west, marked 
 3 m.; thence one mile to a midUng beech marked 3 m. ; thence one mile to an 
 Emmonwood tree marked 4 m. ; thence one mile to a tree marked 5 m. ; thence 
 one mile to the corner of Hartford and marked a small Beech tree standing 
 on the east side of a hill between two small runs of water ranning southerly and 
 meeting a little south of the corner ; said tree is marked 6 m. corner op hart- 
 ford. 
 
 From thence we run south 34°, W. 100 rods to White river ; thence 14 rods 
 across said river, then proceeded out the first mile to a Hemlock marked 1 m. ; 
 thence one mile to a small Beech marked 2 m. ; thence one mile to a middling 
 Henilock marked 3 m. ; thence 54 rods to Pomfret road, then extended out the 
 mile to a small Beech tree marked 4 m. ; thence one mUe to a Basswood marked 5 
 m. , on a hill ; thence one mile to a large Hemlock tree marked 6 m ; thence o4 
 I'ods to Water Quechee river, thence 7 rods across said river, then extended out 
 the mile to a small Rook maple tree at the south-west corner of Hartford, 
 marked 7 mile south-west corner. 
 
 From thence we run south 68°, east one mUe to a small Hemlock tree mai-ked 
 1 m. ; thence one mile to a Beech tree marked 2 m. ; thence one mile to a large 
 Maple tree marked 3 m. ; thence to a small Rock maple marked 4 m. ; thence one 
 mile to a small Black oak tree marked 5 m. ; thence 333 rods to Water Quechee 
 river, then extended out the mile to a large White oak tree marked 6 m. ; from 
 thence to Connecticut river the same course and have marked a line of trees in 
 all of the above described lines (the east line is Connecticut river.) 
 
 " Then we proceeded to lay out a highway from the River Connecticut to Pom- 
 fret line." (Here follows the several courses run from a point about 200 rods 
 below the south bank of White River, thence over Hurricane Hill to the centre 
 of the town, and onward to Pomfret line, a distance of about 5i miles.) " The 
 
10 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 above described lines was run on the northerly side of said road, ahd said road is 
 three rods wide from Connecticut River until it comes to the rear of White River 
 lots, and the remainder is eight rods wide.'' 
 
 " Then we laid out forty-six hundred acre lots on the southerly side of White 
 River in said town, and four fifty acre lots, — wliich were reserved by the charter 
 for pubhc uses — fronting on Connecticut River, and we have numbered them 20, 
 21, 22 and 23, and have also numbered the hundred acre lots, setting the number 
 of each lot on the bound of said lot. We have laid out twenty hundred acre lots on 
 the northerly side of Wliite River, setting the number of each lot on the bound 
 thereof. We have also left an allowance for several highways between the lots 
 on southerly side of White River * * * We have also sequestered, or reserved, 
 lot No. 16, abating south on Pomfret road, and westwardly on land allowed for 
 a highway eight rods wide, for the use of the first settled minister. We have 
 also exliibited a plan representing the foregoing surveys bearing even date here- 
 with. The foregoing surveys were finished October 26th, 1763, with the assist- 
 ance of Mr. Aaron Storrs, surveyor, by us. i 
 
 JOHN SPENCER, ) 
 
 PRINCE TRACY, [ Comtee for said purpose. 
 
 ELIJAH STRONG. ) 
 
 The second hundred acre division waS' laid out between March 8th 
 and June 20, 1768. At the same time a survey was made of the middle 
 land or meadows lying on the Water Quechee River. On the 20th of 
 June, 1768, the proprietors voted that each proprietor should have the 
 right of pitching his second hundred acre division as follows : — " The 
 names shall each be written on a separate piece of paper and put into a 
 box and- be drafted for the pitchers. The first shall make his pitch by 
 Monday next, and get the two first letters of his name (initials) on the 
 bound tree under the number that is on the bound tree, with a certificate 
 from under his hand to be delivered to the clerk, he is to record the 
 hundred acre and meadow lots as they are brought in to file. Daniel 
 Prince and Lieut. John Strong, chosen to agree with the owners of 
 land for highways and exchange for them. Abel Marsh, chosen to 
 draw the pitchers for the 2d 100 acre division, and Elisha Marsh to 
 make the pitches for the school right." 
 
 On the second of November, 1772, the proprietors decided to make 
 a division of fifty acre lots, and also voted to advertise in the Connec- 
 ticut public prints that an application would be made to the committee 
 chosen for that purpose, to lay out to each aggrieved proprietor his 
 part of the land sequestered to make each lot in the first division equal, 
 the proprietors to pd,y the cost that should arise — the same to be done 
 by June Ist, 1773. On the last Monday in May, 1776, the proprietors 
 met at the house of widow Euth Strong, and voted that each proprietor 
 should have liberty to take up of the undivided land in town, 50 acres 
 to each original right. On the first Monday in November, 1776, the 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 11 
 
 proprietors voted to accept of the pitches that had been made, in 
 accordance with the vote taken in May, by Thomas Hazen, Israel Gillett, 
 Mitchell Clark, John Bennett, Jr., Becket Chapman. Joshua Hazen, 
 Benj. "Wright, John Gillett, Stephen Tilden and Simon Chapman.' 
 
 Sept. 26, 1779, Joshua Hazen, Israel Gillett and John Bennett, were 
 chosen a committee to lay out as much of the undivided land as they 
 should consider right to each man who had had his lots cut up by set- 
 tling disputed lines, or proprietors' grants. Dec. 29, 1780, Asa Hazen 
 was chosen proprietors' clerk and Joshua Hazen and Stepheb Tilden, a 
 committee to examine into all deeds and claims. 
 
 On Tuesday, 6th Feb'y, 1781, the proprietors voted to lay out a divis- 
 ipn of 40 acres to each right, and that an ample plan should be made 
 and also a survey of said division, both of which should be laid before 
 the proprietors for confirmation. Under this vote Thomas Hazen 
 pitched 560 acres to fourteen different 40 acre rights. This pitch was 
 made May 30, 1781, and the land adjoins the one thousand acres which 
 he received from the proprietors in 1773 for the money Joshua Hazen 
 hired for the proprietors. It will be observed that his pitch and the 
 1000 acres comprises the 1500 acres which the proprietors, on the 17th 
 of Nov., 1761, voted to reserve and sequester in the north-west corner 
 of the township in a square body, " to lie to make those proprietors 
 good whose lots were not as good as the proprietors have in general." 
 
 The foregoing divisions were supplemented by other later divisions. 
 The last meeting of the proprietors, at which current business was 
 transacted, was held in the house of Josiah Tilden,o in White Eiver 
 village, Nov. 9, 1808. Daniel Marsh was then chosen clerk, also a 
 committee to act with the selectmen to see if the public lands were all 
 laid out. From the date of this meeting to April 5, 1819, thirty-five 
 meetings were held, and all meetings were terminated at that time, but 
 nothing was recorded, in the interim, concerning further divisions of 
 land. Records in detail are quoted in another chapter. 
 
 1 Under this vote Thomas Hazen pitched 650 acres of land, of which 576 acres 
 was in one body, and constitutes what is now known as Jericho, the centre being 
 near the intersection of the roads leading from White River and West Hartford, 
 thence to Dothan. 
 
13 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 RECAPITULATION OP DIVISIONS OF THE TOWNSHIP. • 
 
 Whole number of acres in the township as per chai-ter. _ - _ 27,000 
 
 Allowance for highways, rooks, ponds, mountains, &c 1,040 
 
 Governor's tract of land containing two shares 500 
 
 First division by lottery, 62 shares 3,309 
 
 " 100 acre lots 66 shares ■_ . 6,600 
 
 Four public lots 50 acres each 200 
 
 Second division of 100 acre lots, 66 shai-es •_ 16,600 
 
 ' " " 50 " " " 3,300 
 
 Division of 40 acres, 66 shares 3,640 
 
 Other divisions as per records, including meadow and pine lands. 3,751 
 
 Total, 27,000 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 PHYSICAL GEOGEAPHY OP THE TOWN. 
 
 Hartford lies between the meridians of 4° 30' and 4° 45' of west 
 longitude, and between the parallels of 43° 40' and 43° 55' north lati- 
 tude, and is bounded north by Norwich, east by Connecticut river, — 
 which seperates it from Lebanon, N. H. : — south by Hartland and west 
 by Pomfret. It lies 42 miles southeast of Montpelier ; 14 north of 
 Windsor, and 14 northeast of Woodstock. The total area is about 46 
 square miles, or nearly 27000 acres. 
 
 Climate. The climate, like that of the State in general, is cold. The 
 extremes of heat and cold are about 96° above, and 33° below, the zero 
 on Faharenheit's thermometer, the average annual temperature b§ing 
 about 43°. Observations made during the months of January and 
 February 1885, at Hartford village, showed the minimum temperature 
 for January to be 24° below zero, while that for February was 33°. 
 The highest degree for January was 50° above zero : for February 36°, 
 the hour of observation, T o'clock A. M. From January 4th to the 17th, 
 the average temperature at 7 A. M., was 27" above zero. From the Ist 
 to the 22d the temperature was not below zero, excepting on the 3d, 
 when it fell 2° below, and on the 2l8t to 6° below. For fourteen days 
 in February the temperature ranged from zero to 36° above, the aver- 
 age being 13° above. For the remaining fourteen days the tem- 
 perature ranged from zej'O to 33° below, the average being 10° below. 
 
 Orvis Wills of West Hartford, furnishes the following average tem- 
 perature for the month of February for fifteen years : 
 
 February 
 
 1871, 17 
 
 degi-ees above. 
 
 February 
 
 1879, 12+ 
 
 degrees above. 
 
 
 1872, 7t 
 
 
 a 
 
 1880, 19i 
 
 
 
 1873, llf 
 
 
 " 
 
 1881, 14+ 
 
 
 
 1874, 14i 
 
 
 
 1883, 18' 
 
 
 
 1875, 6i 
 
 
 " 
 
 1888, 17 
 
 
 
 1876, 16i 
 
 
 
 1884, 24 
 
 
 
 1877, n\ 
 
 
 tt 
 
 1885, 3 
 
 
 
 1878, 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 14th, 1834, frost killed the maple leaves. On the next day, snow 
 fell to the depth of one foot. June 6th, 1816, snow fell half the day. 
 At night the ground was frozen. The 7th was windy and cold. On 
 the morning of the 8th snow covered the ground to the depth of several 
 inches. Very little corn and English grain were raised in 1816. Sep- 
 tember 10th, the water in ponds and rivers froze to some thickness. 
 Before the hills were denuded of the old forest growth, the crops of- 
 
14 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD, 
 
 tener suffered from excessive wet, than by drouth.. Since the hills have 
 been literally scalped of trees, drouths are more frequent, that is, the 
 soil is continuously dryer throughout the vernal season, than before the 
 land was so extensively cleared as at present.' The lengthy drouths 
 that sometimes occurred in early times arose from an entire absence of 
 rain fall, while the continuous aridity of the soil at the present time is 
 to be attributed^ principally, if not entirely, to the cutting down of the 
 forests, which threw off immense quantities of vapor into the atmos- 
 phere, and the exposing of the surface of the ground to the direct action 
 of the sun and winds. Before the country was cleared, the whole sur- 
 face of the ground was covered with leaves and logs, and these absorbed 
 the rain, and the channels of outlet being obstructed, the water passed 
 off slowly, during a rain storm, or when the snow was dissolved. Now, 
 during the melting of the snow, and heavy rains, the water runs rapidly 
 away ; the streams are suddenly raised, and violent freshets succeed. 
 When the snow is gone, or rain ceases, the soil soon becomes arid, the 
 streams subside, mills cease to receive the necessary supply of water, 
 springs and wells become dry, and the land half, or wholly naked, 
 during the winter season, freezes to a great depth, which proves fatal to 
 grass and shrubbery, and young fruit trees. 
 
 Rivers. — The rivers within the town are White and Queechy rivers. 
 White river, called by the Indians, " Cascadnac," or pure water, enters 
 the town at the north west corner and runs south easterly through the 
 town to its confluence with Connecticut river at White River Junction. 
 Queechy, or Ottanquechee,^ called by the early settlers, " Water- 
 queechy'' river, enters the town at the Pomfret or west line of the town, 
 and flows in a southerly direction, and crosses the line into Hartland, 
 about one mile and a half above it confluence with Connecticut river. 
 Connecticut river washes the whole of the eastern side of the town. No 
 town in the state is better supplied with pure wholesome water than 
 
 ' Droughts of long duration occurred in this country at intervals prior to the 
 time the land was extensively cleared, the most remarkable between 1620 and 
 1876, vfere as follows: — 1621, 24 days; 1630, 41 days; 1657, 75 days; 1626, So days; 
 1674, 45 days; 1688, 81 days; 1694, 62 days; 1705, 40 days; 1715, 46 days; 1728, 
 61 days; 1730, 90 days ; 1741, 72 days ; 1749, 108 days; "1755, 42 days; 1762, 123 
 days; 1773, 80 days; 1791,82 days; 1812, 28 days; 1856, 24 days; 1871, 42 days; 
 1875, 26 days; 1876, 26 days. In 1762 no rain from May ist to Sept. ist, and 
 money "was sent to England for hay and grain. 
 
 -On a map printed by John Gant, Albany, N. Y., entitled " a Chorographical 
 map of the Northern Department of Northern America." Waterquechee river is 
 laid down under the name, " Quatoqueechy river." 
 
 The valley of the Ottauquechee covers an area of 150 square miles. This is 
 rich in mineral and agricultural resources and is not surpassed in the State, in 
 tlie beauty of its scenery — mountain, hill and valley. On this stream and its tribu- 
 taries is a motive power of immense value, but a small portion of which is now 
 utilized. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 15 
 
 Hartford, and none more abundantly watered. ' The smaller streams 
 are separated largely by hills ranging from 100 to 500 feet above the 
 streams, consequently the descent is rather abrupt, and the streams run 
 briskly between the divides, forming a natural drainage system through 
 which the waters find their way to the rivers. Most of the streams 
 have diminished in size as the forests have been cleared up, and some 
 are entirely dried up in the summer time. 
 
 Soil and J^roductions. — The soil of the town is in general, a sandy 
 loam. Still there is a variety of soil. The soil of the interval lands, is 
 an alluvial deposit, thrifty and productive of large crops of corn, and 
 other cereals, grass and garden vegetables. The alluvial deposit is 
 however, not much in excess of one foot, and is underlaid by an admix- 
 ture of coarse sand, and pebble stones, which render deep ploughing 
 impracticable on account of the leachy nature of the subsoil ; conse- 
 quently top-dressing is becoming a very common system on other than 
 clayey lands. Back from the intervals the land rises abruptly into hills, 
 which present an irregular contour and somewhat broken aspect. The 
 upland farms are not, in the main, inferior in productiveness to the in- 
 terval farms. Fruit trees thrive better on the uplands, than near the 
 rivers. There is but a small portion of land in the town that cannot be 
 easily and profitably cultivated even to the apex of the highest hills. 
 The hill farms afford the very best of pasturage, and something profit- 
 able is done in the dairy business on most of the farms in the town, as 
 well as in stock raising. 
 
 Natural Fertilizers. — So long as the hills were crowded with forests, 
 the low lands were (tonstantly enriched from the neighboring eminences. 
 The decay of trees, broken down by wind or succumbing to age, the 
 decay of leaves annually falling, and of woodland plants constantly per- 
 ishing, formed in the process of time a rich mold, which was washed 
 down by summer rains, or gradually conveyed away by melting snows, 
 and distributed over the surface, affording a never-failing supply of 
 good manure. In many places the contour of the ground was such that 
 the decaying substances accumulated in basin-like repositories, where, 
 undisturbed by the elements, ihey annually received accessions of hke 
 material, which deposits are termed " muck-beds." Numerous deposits 
 of this kind are found in Hartford. Some of them are underlaid by a 
 grayish tinted plastic marl. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL FEATUKES. 
 
 The principal rocks of the town are of a mica schist formation. 
 Talcose schist exists to some extent. Of the three great ranges of tal- 
 
16 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 cose schist in Vermont, the least enters the State in Springfield, passes 
 out at the Weathersfield " Bow," re-enters in the south-east part of 
 Hartford, and continues in Vermont until it terminates near Guildhall. 
 Prof. A-dams discovered a deposit of gneiss in Hartford, which was 
 isolated from all other rocks. This was a portion of the middle range 
 of gneiss which extends from Halifax to the Otta Quechee river. It is 
 supposed that this projection of the gneiss to Hartford forms an anti- 
 clinal axis, underlying the calciferous mica schist. 
 
 A mile and a half southwest of White River Junction the rock is an 
 indurated talcose schist with sulphurets of iron and copper in small 
 veins scattered through it. 4- coarse rock, with black spots of argil- 
 laceous matter more or less calcarious is abundant about White River 
 Junction. Along White river are found numerous blocks of the peculiar 
 indurated black calcarious schist. There are obscure traces of stratifica- 
 tion in it, and numerous large blotches of a black argillaceous matter 
 which effervesces strongly with acid, are thickly strewed through it. 
 A porphyritic hornblend is found southwest of White River Junction, 
 and viens of quartz traverse the formation. At White River village a 
 compact hornblend rook is interstratified with soft talcose slate. An- 
 alagous rocks are found on the way from this vUlage to Norwich Center. 
 — Geology of Vermont, Vol. I, pp. 465-519. 
 
 The minerals most common iii the town are calcite, kyanite, quartz, 
 pyrites, and feldspar. No minerals of commercial value, with the ex- 
 ception of a modicum of silver, have been found in Hartford. Some 
 prospecting for silver ore was made several years ago on the farm now 
 owned by George C. Brookway, near West Hartford village, but the 
 enterprise ended abortively.' 
 
 QUECHEE SPKING. 
 
 This spring occurs in the calciferous mica schist formation on a 
 beautiful slope of land on the town poor farm, which is about two miles 
 distant from Quechee village, and about the same distance from the 
 village of West Hartford. 
 
 The water is strongly impregnated with muriate of soda and carbonate 
 of lime, and traces of carbonate of soda and muriate of magnesia are 
 plainly discernable. It is probable that iodine exists in the water in the 
 state of iodic acid combined with one of the alkalies. The water from 
 the springs has deposited beds of tufa Several inches in thickness. It 
 was by this deposit that the springs were first brought to public notice 
 
 ' Mr. Levi Hazen of West Hartford, has collected one of the finest cabinets of 
 minerals to be found in the State. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 17 
 
 through the instrumentality of the "Windsor County Natural History 
 Society, about the year 1840. Subsequently, for a few years, the 
 springs were visited by a large number of people who drank the water 
 there, and carried it away with them, and claimed to be greatly benefitted 
 by its use especially in the numerous varieties of scrofulous diseases. 
 About the year 1846, a company was formed for the purpose of laying 
 a pipe from the springs to the village of West Hartford, with the view 
 of erecting in that village a large hotel for the accommodation of guests 
 who might seek the medicinal virtues of the water. The owner of the 
 springs declined to sell upon any terms, and not long after the springs 
 fell into disuse, and the waters, at the present time, have no utility 
 beyond tnat of occasional use by the town's poor who are quartered in 
 the immediate vicinity of the springs. 
 
 POT HOLES. 
 
 The existence of pot-holes in ledges of rock is regarded as proof that 
 a cataract once existed at the spot. Hence, whenever they occur, rivers 
 must have existed ; in other words, streams once ran where pot-holes 
 now are, and subsequently they wore out the valley to the depth at 
 which they now run. 
 
 During the construction of the Vermont Central Railroad between 
 West Hartford village and a point just west of the boundary line be- 
 tween Hartford and Sharon, a blast made in a rock cutting disclosed an 
 enormous pot-hole seventeen feet deep, the fissure leading to it from 
 the surface of the rock above being about six feet in length. Side by 
 side within this hole lay two granite boulders. These were taken out 
 by the workmen, who, not appreciating their great value, rolled them 
 into the dump or embankment near by. This fact came to the engineers 
 in some way, and they unearthed the buried treasures. One of these 
 proved to be a beautiful sphere two feet -four inches in diameter, and 
 as perfect and symmetrical in outline as any piece of lathe work. The 
 other was irregular in form, and nearly as large as its companion, but 
 this was not removed. The story of this discovery having reached the 
 ears of Prof. Edward Hitchcock, the celebrated geologist, he, with 
 his class in Dartmouth college, made a journey to West Hartford to see 
 this unequalled sphere of granite — Nature's own handiwork. Sub- 
 sequently Gov. Paine, president of the Vermont Central Eailroad, sent 
 this stone by a two horse team to Burlington, Vt., where it was placed 
 in front of the college buildings. 
 
 3 
 
18 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 This stone, which " the builders did not refuse," was found at a spot 
 at least sixty feet above White river. Who can toll how many centuries 
 ago White river was coursing its way at that elevation above its present 
 bed, or by what process those fragements of rock were encased in their 
 rock-bound repository?' 
 
 QUECHEE GULPH. 
 
 In addition to the attractiveness arising from the terraces upon the 
 Otta Qiiechee river near Dewey's mills, another prominent and interest- 
 ing object is found in the extensive gorge or chasm, at the head of 
 which Dewey's mills are located. This is a channel cut through 
 schistose rock some five hundred feet in length, one hundred in width, 
 and varying in depth from fifty to one hundred and sixty-five feet. The 
 Woodstock railroad crosses this chasm over a bridge, the track of which 
 is one hundred and sixty-five feet above the bed of the river. This 
 point is a popular resort, in summer-time, for picnic parties, and is much 
 visited by tourists from all parts of the country. 
 
 TERRACES UPON OTTA. QUECHEE RIVER AND WHITE RIVER. 
 
 The otta Quechee river rises in Sherburne, passes through Bridgewater, 
 Woodstock and Hartford, and unites with the Connecticut in North 
 Hartland. * * * At Quechee village there is a very distinct basin. 
 Southeast of the village near Dewey's factory, on the southeast side of 
 the stream, there are seven very pleasant terraces, and four upon the 
 opposite side. They are, perhaps, gorge terraces, as they are at the 
 mouth of quite an extensive gorge and waterfall. In this very interest- 
 ing region there is an old bed of the river upon the east side. * * * 
 The river at its point of union with the Connecticut, modified the ter- 
 races of the latter stream. It has also carried away a large portion of 
 the Connecticut's terraces at North Hartland. The river falls over 
 strata of clay near its mouth, at least four times, and the amount of fall 
 is from sixty to seventy feet.- 
 
 The principal branch of White river arises from the Green Mountains 
 • in Hancock, Rochester and Pittsfield, passes through Stockbridge to 
 Bethel, where it joins the other branch coming down from Eoxbury ; 
 thence it follows the route of the Vermont Central railroad through 
 Royalton, Sharon and Hartford, to White Eiver Junction, where it 
 unites with the Connecticut. * * * The first basin upon White 
 river belongs to the ninth basin of the Connecticut, which extends from 
 
 ' At Quechee village, just below the bridge over Otta Quechee river, a large 
 isolated flat rock may be seen near the centre of which is a large pot-hole, and at 
 one end of this rock is a well defined section of another pot-hole — both valuable 
 illustrations of such structures. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 19 
 
 Windsor to Norwich. It is quite short, extending only from White 
 Biver Junction to a short distance west of White Eiver village, yet the 
 terraces are finely developed, especially where White river unites with 
 the Connecticut, there being five terraces on the south side — the high- 
 est of which is composed of sand, and its summit is 209 feet above the 
 Connecticut at the railroad bridge over White river — and four upon the 
 north side. The second basin extends from White River village nearly to 
 West Hartford, and is well lined with terraces upon both sides, their 
 number being nowhere less than three, and never exceeding seven. 
 Tet the number varies every half mile. The valley varies from a quarter 
 of a mile to a mile in width. The third basin extends from a rocky 
 barrier (Rocky mountain so-called) at West Hartford to a similar bar- 
 rier, well marked, a mile southeast of Sharon. — G-eology of Vermont, 
 Vol. 1, pp. 122-123. 
 
 Of one of the terraces at White River Junction, Prof Hitchcock says : 
 " At this place, (White River Junction), as universally in Vermont 
 where two streams meet in a wide spread basin, terraces of various 
 heights and extensive range are found. Upon the top of one of these 
 terraces at an elevation of over 120 feet above the Connecticut river is 
 a pond covering several acres, possessing no visible inlet, but belonging 
 to the third class of ponds. Pond-lilies abound, and their roots form a 
 strong net-work capable of sustaining the weight of a man. Vegetable 
 matter has accumulated upon these roots to a considerable depth, and 
 in spots alders and other shrubs grow luxuriantly. A person may safely 
 walk several rods from what was evidently the original shore of the 
 pond. As he walks, however, there is communicated to the ground 
 upon which he walks a wave-like motion that visibly extends in every 
 direction. Here the traveler may notice the process by which the jelly- 
 like accumulations of matter, often met in swampy grounds, were 
 formed. If the agencies now at work are not disturbed, a film of vege- 
 table matter will ultimately extend over the entire surface of the pond, 
 and aiford a congenial spot for plants of larger growth, and in due time 
 a swamp will usurp the place now occupied by this pond." 
 
 This terrace was probably once the bed of White River, which then 
 entered the Connecticut river below the present junction. Upon leav- 
 ing White River Junction, via the Connecticut and Passumpsio Rivers 
 railroad, the tourist finds himself upon the second terrace from the 
 Connecticut, at an elevation of thirty feet above the stream. The ter- 
 raced hills that rise abruptly from the western side of the railroad and 
 hide the view from the west, gradually recede upon approaching Nor- 
 wich station. This road crosses the boundary line between Hartford 
 
20 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 and Norwich about three and one-eighth miles north of White Eiver 
 Junction. 
 
 FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE TOWN. 
 
 The flora and fauna of the town are similar to those found in most of 
 the towns bordering on White river. The white pine once common on 
 the meadow lands and plains, and which was an object of special care, 
 as shown by provisions contained in the charter of the town, and util- 
 ized with the greatest economy, Ijas been in the march of civilization 
 swept nearly out of existence. These trees in many places grew to a 
 wonderful height, and were well adapted for masts. Trees were said to 
 be found on the plains exceeding 200 feet in height, and one was found 
 in Hanover 270 feet long. The pitch pine, or what is now termed "sec- 
 ond growth," is found on sandy plains bordering the Connecticut and 
 Otta Quechee rivers. The hemlock was once abundant in every section 
 of the town. The first growth equalled the white pine in diameter, and 
 in some instances in height. But few of these evergreens remain. 
 Within the last fifty years they have been felled and sawed into timber 
 and boards, or split into fence rails. The other evergreens, like hack- 
 matacks, firs, and spruces, which are common in the northern por- 
 tion of the State, are not found in this town. Every variety of the 
 maple is found, and the sugar-maple has proved a source of great profit 
 to our farmers. Thousands of pounds of sugar are annually made 
 from the sap of the maple — the average yield to a tree being about four 
 pounds. The beech, birch, oak and maple constitute the larger part of 
 the hardwood forests. The black and white ash, the bass and the 
 cherry, once abundant, have been ruthlessly felled, converted into lum- 
 ber and exported for various uses. Our white ash has been shipped to 
 California, and even to foreign countries. The poplar, which is quite plen- 
 tiful, is now being converted into paper. The butternut is preserved 
 mainly for its fruit, but it is extensively used in the finish of houses. 
 The elm, which is the most majestic and beautiful shade tree in Amer- 
 ica, still exists to a limited extent, but its value as a tenacious and 
 strong substance for carts, carriages, sled-beams, etc., has rendered it 
 scarce. Indeed, the woodman's axe has neai-ly denuded our hills and 
 valleys of their primitive glory and beauty. Wood for fuel is now so 
 scarce and costly that a large number of the inhabitants of our villages 
 burn but little else than Pennsylvania coal — Pennsylvania coal fields 
 furnish fuel for our grates, and for our lamps — to warm, cheer and com- 
 fort us. The shrubby plants are our only compensation for the loss o f 
 our forests. The blackberry and raspberry bushes spring up in th e 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 21 
 
 newly cleared fields ; by the roadsides, in pastures, and about hedges 
 and fences, and hundreds of bushels of their fruit are annually picked, 
 to be made into jam, jellies, and preserves. Apple orchards are com- 
 mon, but our severe winters militate against the cultivation of this fruit, 
 nor are we any more successful with plums and cherries. Strawberries 
 are plentiful, but are mostly of the cultivated kind. 
 
 Of the fauna of our State, this town has its proportion of the fox, 
 raccoon, woodchuck, grey, red and striped squirrel, mink, muskrat, rab- 
 bit, skunk and weasel. The assertion was made by Thomas Hobbes, a 
 very profound thinker, that " war is the natural condition of our race." 
 This predisposition to war is not confined to a war upon the genus ho- 
 mo, for man's inhumanity has been ventilated upon the inferior animals 
 to such an extent that every variety of wild animals is now nearly ex- 
 tinct. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Hartford has four principal villages; first, Hartford, otherwise 
 known as "White River Village;" second, Quechee ; third, West 
 Hartford; and fourth, White River Junction, all of which are post 
 villages. 
 
 HAETFOED VILLAGE. 
 
 This is placed first in order :for the reason that the first post office in 
 the town was established in this village; also, because the Town Clerk's 
 office is located here, which renders it a central point for the transac- 
 tion of public business. Prior to 1840, the public business of the town 
 was transacted at what is known as the " Centre of the Town," but in 
 that year Hon. George E. Wales, then residing in Hartford village, 
 was elected Town Clerk; consequently the business of that office was 
 transferred to said village where it has ever since been continued. The 
 town meetings, however, which had been held at the centre of the 
 town for more than seventy years prior to the election of Mr. Wales as 
 Town Clerk, were not held elsewhere until about the year 1872, since 
 which time the meetings have been held alternately in Hartford, Que- 
 chee and White River Junction. 
 
 Hartford village has grown to its present proportions through the 
 advantages afforded by its water-power, which has been well utilized 
 since mills were erected at this point in 1Y95. This village now has 
 the Town Clerk's office, the meeting-house of the Second Congrega- 
 tional Society, a flourishing public school, a post-office, five merchants' 
 stores, a hotel, a large woolen mill, a manufactory of farm implements, 
 a grist-mill, a carriage manufactory, a chair factory, several mechanic 
 
33 HISTOEY OF HARTFORB. 
 
 shops, a circulating library, and. contains not far from 500 inhabitants. 
 This village was for several years the home of the late Andrew Tracy. 
 Hon. Geo. E. "Wales resided here from 1811 until his death in 1860. It 
 is now the home of the oldest man in Hartford, if not the oldest in 
 Windsor county. I allude to Phineas P. Fisher, who is now 93 years 
 of age, and still possesses vigor sufficient to enable him to support him- 
 self by manual labor, with some help from the town. 
 
 Among the earlier inhabitants, were Josiah Tilden, Edward Knee- 
 land, Bani Udall, Jonathan Bugbee, Abijah Taft, Justin C. Brooks, 
 Nathan Gere, John Grout, Erastus Clarke, Ira Moore, Wyllys Lyman, 
 Walter Pease, Alvan Bailey, David Trumbull and Wright Porter. 
 
 Hartford village is pleasantly situated for residences and is accessible 
 by the Central Vermont railway. 
 
 QUBCHEE VILLAGE.' . 
 
 The village of Quechee, now the most important village in the town 
 in respect to manufactures and the wealth of its inhabitants, is located 
 - on the Otta Quechee river, and on the line of the Woodstock railway, 
 seven miles from White River Junction and seven miles from Wood- 
 stock. The river here affords a fine water-power, and upon the banks 
 of the stream, which now turns many wheels, were erected the first 
 mills employed in the town to perform the work of drudgery incident 
 to the building up of new settlements. As early as 1765, the proprie- 
 tors of the town voted to give 600 acres of land bordering on Quechee 
 river, and centering on the falls, to aid in the erection of a saw-mill 
 and grist-mill. A saw-mill was erected prior to 1769. In 1774 action 
 was taken to encourage the erection of a grist-mill, which was, not long 
 after, accomplished, and thus the inhabitants of the town were relieved 
 from the onerous task of taking their grain to Charleston, N. H., to 
 be ground. This was the inception of the work of utilizing, the water- 
 power which has resulted in giving to the village of Quechee the fine 
 manufacturing establishments now owned and operated by A. G. Dewey 
 & Co., and J. C. Parker & Co., and promoting the growth of other 
 industries, which have served to bring wealth and material growth and 
 prosperity to the village, which now has the meeting-houses of the Con- 
 gregational Society and of the Methodist Society recently organized, 
 several stores, two fine factories for the manufacture of woolen goods, 
 a grist-mill, a tannery, mechanic shops, and about 100 private dwellings, 
 including those at Dewey's Mills. 
 
 ' Named from the river on which it is located. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 33 
 
 Quechee village, is noted as having been the residence of several of 
 the most eminent and most highly honored citizens of the town during 
 their life time. Among these were the late Joseph Marsh, who was 
 the first lieutenant-governor elected in Vermont, and prominent, not 
 only in the political afPairs of Hartford and Windsor county, but also, 
 in those of the State, for nearly forty years; the late Hon. Andrew 
 Tracy; the late Hon. John Porter, Judge of Probate for Hartford Dis- 
 trict, and an incumbent of many other offices of trust and honor; the 
 late Hon. Albert G. Dewey, a highly esteemed citizen, a successful 
 manufacturer, and, for -many years, prominently identified with town 
 affairs; and the late Hon. William Strong, who was sheriff of Windsor 
 county; a representative of Hartford in the General Assembly; a mem- 
 ber of Congress; a judge of the Supreme Court of Windsor county; a 
 member of the Council of Censors, and an incumbent of other less im- 
 portant offices. (See biographical sketches of the above named persons 
 in another portion of this history). Quechee is the birth-place of Hon. 
 Charles W. Porter, the present Secretary of State of Vermont. It is 
 the place of residence of Hon. J. C. Parker, the present treasurer of 
 the Vermont Agricultural Society, and one of the board of State prison 
 directors ; of Hon. Henry Safford, the present capable and efficient 
 overseer of the poor; of Hon. Wm. S. Dewey, and John J. Dewey, 
 Esq., successful and wealthy manufacturers. Among the older citizens 
 now residing iu Quechee, are Harvey Thomas, a well-to-do farmer; 
 Charles Tinkham, for many years a successful merchant, and for 
 twenty years the postmaster in this village; and Charles R. Whitman, 
 chairman of the bOard of selectmen, from 1871 to 1888. Among those 
 who have passed away, were Nathaniel Thomas, Shubel Russ, Abel 
 Marsh, Elkanah Sprague, Abel Barron, Oscar Barron, Theophilus 
 Cushing, Daniel Marsh, James Udall, Lionel Udall, Elijah Mason 
 (grandfather of Mrs. President Garfield), John Marsh, Philip Dimmick 
 and John Bliss. 
 
 WEST HARTFORD. 
 
 This village is located on the Central Vt. railroad, about seven miles 
 north west of White River Junction, and occupies a portion of the one 
 thousand acres of land granted by the early proprietors of the town- 
 ship to Thomas Hazen, in consideration of the sum of one thousand 
 dollars which his son Joshua hired for the use of the proprietors, 
 which money was sent to New York for the purpose of procuring Let- 
 ters Patent from the Government of New York. Mr. Thomas Hazen 
 subsequently acquired 560 acres adjoining the said grant, making alto- 
 gether a tract of 1560 acres. Just previous to his death Mr. Hazen 
 
24 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 divided this tract of land, giving to each one of his twelve children 120 
 acres, and reserving for a homestead an equal portion. More than one- 
 half of the whole tract (1560 acres) is now owned and occupied by the 
 lineal descendants of Mr. Hazen, among whom are Silas, Willis, and 
 Alice, children of the late Levi Hazen, Alice and Bertha, grandchildren 
 of Levi's, and Levi son of John Hazen, now deceased. 
 
 This village contains about thirty-five dwclUng houses, one church 
 edifice, two stores, hotel, post-office, school house, saw mill, a depot 
 and other business interests. It has become the trading centre, and 
 shipping point for many of the farmers and other residents of Pom- 
 fret, Sharon and Norwich. It is noted as being the birth place of sev- 
 eral men who have attained prominence in various walks of life. 
 Among these may be mentioned the late Brigadier General WUliam B. 
 Hazen, who achieved an enviable reputation during the recent civil war, 
 and daring the lafst six years of his life held the honorable position of 
 chief signal officer in the U. S. service. Also Col. Alba M. Tucker, who 
 is prominently identified with railway interests in Indiana and Ohio, 
 Among those who have lived in this village during a portion of their 
 lives, I will mention the late Hon. David M. Camp, who in 18fi6 was 
 elected lieut. -governor of Vermont, and ex-officio president of the first 
 senate. Col. Joel Marsh, who won his military title by service in the 
 revolutionary war ; and carried on the business of distilling cider brandy 
 on the premises recently bought by Mr. Frank Wheeler. Hon. 0. C. P. 
 Holden, now a wealthy and influential citizen of Chicago, lived in this 
 village several years during his boyhood. Francis W. Savage, an ex- 
 tensive land owner, and conspicuous in town affairs, kept a public house 
 for many years, where W. H. Gile, now lives. John Downer, an enter- 
 prising and very intelligent man, lived for more than thirty years with 
 his son-in law, Lucius Hazen, in the hou:e now owned and occupied by 
 Silas H. Hazen, Esq. 
 
 Among those people who lived in West Hartford fifty years ago, and 
 were then in the prime of manhood, were Capt. Levi Hazen, Doctor 
 David Ingraham, Reuben Hazen, Dr. Ira Tenney, David Hazen, 
 Eliphaz Hunt, Abel Camp, Abel Howard, Baxter B. Newton, Zavan 
 Hazen, Stephen Thurston, Reuben Wills, Stephen S. Downer, Lucius 
 Hazen, Thomas and Dea. Solomon Crandall, Dea. Burpee Prouty, S. A. 
 Ballard, Dea. Samuel Dutton, James Wade, David Wilson, Orange 
 Bartlett and Alvin Tucker. Most of these men lived to a good old age. 
 They have passed from life to death. 
 
 " Like pilgrims to the appointed place we tend ; 
 
 The world's an inn, and death the journeys end." — Dryden. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 35 
 
 GREAT FLOOD OP 1867. 
 
 The following account of an extraordinary calamity that happened to 
 the village of West Hartford, Feb'y 10th, 1867, is compiled from arti- 
 cles written for the Vermont Journal, and Boston Journal, by the 
 writisr of this history, who was an eye-witness to the scenes herein de- 
 scribed. 
 
 For more than eighty years the inhabitants living in the White river 
 valley have been very much disturbed by the freshets that annually 
 occur, and which are usually very destructive to property. The fresh- 
 ets of both winter and summer are much more severe than they were 
 before the forests were cleared away from the hills and the valleys. 
 Whatever snow is on the ground during a thaw in winter melts rapidly 
 and the water runs quickly to the streams. The same result follows 
 the heavy rain storms of summer and autumn, but with more sei'ious 
 consequences during the continuance of storms.' During winter freshets, 
 White river sometimes rises fifteen to twenty feet above low water 
 mark and has been known to rise sixteen feet in the space of one hour, 
 when covered with ice. At such times it sweeps away bridges, build- 
 ings, and all else in its way. 
 
 The greatest and most disastrous freshet ever known in the valley of White 
 river occurred on Sunday morning Febmary 10th, 1867, during which the village 
 of West Hartfoi-d was inundated, a large amount of property destroyed, and one 
 person was drowned. For several days preceding the calamity the weather had 
 been warm, and the snow melted rapidly away, and the inhabitants became 
 greatly alarmed, but still neglected to move their property to places of greater 
 security. On the evening of the 9th a heavy rain storm set in and continued 
 unabated until past midnight. Before day-break the wind veered from the 
 south into the north-west, and the temperature of the air fell nearly 40 degrees. 
 At 7 o'clock, a. m., on the 10th, a breakage in the ice commenced about one mile 
 above the village of West Hartford and extended, in about twenty minutes, to a 
 point of rocks situated in an abrupt bend of the river about a half-mile below 
 the bridge crossing. There was not a sufficient quantity of water to force the 
 ice past the point of rocks named, consequently the whole body of ice was sud- 
 denly phecked, thereby forming a dam which caused the water to set back to such 
 an extent that in less than twenty minutes thereafter sixteen houses in the vil- 
 lage were submerged above the first floor, and their occupants driven either out 
 of doors or to the upper stories of their dwellings. 
 
 The scene beggars description. A panic seized the minds of those in danger. 
 It was difficult to determine whether safety depended upon remaining indoors, 
 or upon reaching some place outside above the waters. In some cases there was 
 no alternative, because the houses were surrounded by water, and there was no 
 means of escape. There were almost unparalled instances of female heroism 
 and bravery, and men performed daring and noble deeds in behalf of their 
 neighbors and friends. There were miraculous escapes from death. Many peo- 
 ple were suiprised in bed, and had barely time to fl)^ in their nightdress to places 
 of greater safety. Mr. Albert Woodbury and his wife were awakened by the 
 crashing ice, and on looking out of a window saw that their house was waUed 
 in by ice, and their bed-room floor was covered with water nearly one foot 
 deep. They waded out of their sleeping room, ascended to the chamber, and 
 finally descended from the chamber window on steps cut in the ice. 
 
 ' The summer freshets usually occur in the month of June. These are de- 
 structive to all growing crops. Occasionally there is a great freshet in the fall 
 of the year. That of October, 1869 was very disastrious in its effects. 
 
36 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Mr. Charles Beckwitli carried his wife and two children some distance from 
 his house through two feet of water and floating ice. But a few minutes later 
 his house was walled in by huge cakes of ice, some of which lay as high as the 
 eaves of his house. His barn was crushed into kindling wood. 
 
 Mr. WiUiam Renahan and family were not awakened until the water was more 
 than one foot deep in their bedi-oom. This family escaped through a chamber 
 window, on to a shed i-oof and thence to a bank by a board walk. Mr. Thomas 
 Carr and family were met at the outer door of their house by the rising flood, but 
 escaped without trouble. Dr. Laban Tucker and family were aroused from 
 slumber by a very unceremonious thumping of ice against a comer of their 
 house. They sprang from bed and on reaching the outside door foimd that the 
 water was nearly three feet deep in the highway fronting their house. Mrs. 
 Tucker seized her httle daughter and heroically waded through the stream, a 
 distance of three rods to land, but the effort was so great that she had barely 
 strength to reach the steps of the church, opposite her home, where she and her 
 child were found soon after by Willie H. Tucker, a son of the writer. The Httle 
 girl was clad only by her night di-ess, and both mother and child suffered intense- 
 ly. Dr. Tucker, after liberating his valuable horse and cow from the stable, 
 returned into the house, but before he had completed arrangements to leave the 
 water had risen to a height that precluded the possibility of leaving the house. 
 He was taken about noon from his chamber window into a boat, and joined his 
 wife in safety. 
 
 Allen Hayes and family were unable to effect their escape from the house 
 before the flood had surrounded the house. They fled into a chamber from which 
 they were taken away by some boatmen. The water was eight feet deep in Mr. 
 Hayes' barns. He lost tlu-ee good horses, two cows, one yoke of oxen and twenty 
 sheep. The house of F. F. Holt was filled with water and surrounded by ice 
 above the windows of the first story. A lai-ge blacksmith's shop that stood on 
 the bank of the i-iver opposite Mr. Holts' house, made bim a morning call and 
 announced its visit by knocking in the parlor windows, and moving his house a 
 short distance southward. Mrs. Holt had left the house the night before. Mi". 
 Holt lost a yoke of oxen and a fine cow. 
 
 Mrs. Nancy Hazen and family escaped through a window in the north end of 
 her house, after seeing her bam and other buildings swept away. Silas Hazen, 
 who lives near the bridge crossing, lost one hundred and forty-five blooded 
 Merino sheep, considei-able hay and grain, and his buildings were badly damaged. 
 Mr. S. S. Downer and family who lived in Mr. Hazen's house, were taken from 
 the house in a boat. The covered bridge that had braved many hard freshets 
 succumbed to this. It was Hfted bodily from its foundation, and carried several 
 hundred feet down the river. This bridge was erected in 1837-38. 
 
 Mr. Henry West, merchant, while going from his store was caught by the 
 flood and swept against a maple tree, which he resolutely grasped and climbed, 
 where he remained an hour. • He became chilled and maintained his position 
 with difliculty. The water was rushing past the tree, and a fall would have been 
 sure death for him. , Finally, a large feed box was discovered in a barn opposite 
 to the tree. Ropes, were attached to this box, which was carefully floated under 
 the branches of the tree, and Mr. West got into the box and was hauled' to the 
 barn in a half -frozen condition. ' The houses of Mr. Hoyt Haaen, Mr. Benson, 
 and Mr. Seymour Hazen were flooded. Mr. Hoyt Hazen saved a valuable cow 
 by driving her into his dining room. 
 
 One incident of this freshet was of a lamentable natm-e. I allude to the un- 
 timely death of Miss Fi-ankie Wilhamson. Mr. Williamson's house was located 
 witliin a few feet of the river. The water had risen to the floor of the house, 
 and the ice had torn away one corner of the house. Soon the floors of the house 
 were forced upward. Death stared the occupants in the face. There seemed no 
 safety except in flight. Miss Williamson chose this course, and in company with 
 Col. S. E. Pingree, left the house. The water was then but about sis inches 
 deep in front of the house. They waded safely through this and were nearly to dry 
 land, when they were strack by a sti-ong current of water and forcibly separated. 
 Miss Wilhamson, with admirable presence of mind grasped hold of a stone-fence 
 post as she was forced along by the flood, to which she bravely clung till the 
 rising water reached her neck. Then, just as she reached one hand out to catch 
 
 'To the writer of this history, the recollection of the sorrowful scenes of 
 that day is attended with the pleasing memory and reflection that he was instru- 
 mental in providing the means by which Mr. West so narrowly escaped death. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 37 
 
 a rope thi-own her, the post gave way, and alas, she disappeared beneath the 
 angry waters, never more to be seen alive. Her death cast a gloom over the 
 entire community. 
 
 Col. Pingree was swept down by the flood to a gate by Mr. Silas Hazen's barn, 
 and' this, with a Superhuman effort, he grasped, and being intrepid in danger, he 
 gradually battled his way to the margin of the water, from which he was taken 
 by kindly hands. Thus in one brief hour, sixteen families were rendered home- 
 less, and one family deprived of a young and much loved member. 
 
 The flood subsided to some extent during the succeeding twelve hours, and the 
 aspect of the scene was hideous and discouraging. The highways were blocked 
 by ice. The interior of the inundated dwellings presented a sorrowful sight. 
 Valuable books, pictures, musical instmments, cai'pets, furniture, much prized 
 souvenirs, were u-retrievably ruined; but the end was not yet. 
 
 On the 14th of February, and before any material efforts had been made to 
 restore order, the water rose higher than ever before, and created another panic; 
 but on the succeeding day it began to subside, and retired to the bounds of its 
 old channel. Immediate efforts were put forth to recover the body of Miss WU- 
 liamson. The work continued for thirteen days, during which time the scene of 
 the disaster was visited by thousands of people, many of whom came a hundred 
 miles. Hundreds of men came prepared to assist in restoring order and to search 
 for the lost one. At length on the 13th day the body was found lying near the 
 river under about six feet of ice. 
 
 It is worthy of record that several so-called " spMtual mediums" were called 
 to designate the place whei-e the body of Miss wnHamson might be found, but 
 they signally failed to determine the point. But what mediums of the " genus 
 homo " could not discover, was determined by the instinct of the f eUne race. On 
 the morning of Feb. 22d, after a light fall of snow, a gentleman, who was inter- 
 ested in discovering the body, on looking over the field of ice, below the old 
 bridge site, observed a large number of oats' tracks all converging to a common 
 centi'e from many different directions. Knowing the prochvities of this animal 
 for the human body in a death state, he at once inferred that the body of Miss 
 W. must be near this place. His suggestions led to a search at that exact place, 
 and the body was soon found a few feet from the spot where the tracks con- 
 verged. 
 
 WHITE RIVER JDNCTIOJJ.' 
 
 This village owes its present importance and its growth to the con- 
 struction of the various railways which centre at that point. It is now 
 the most important railway centre north of Boston, and must ever main- 
 tain that supremacy. The altitude of the village above the ocean is 
 335 feet. 
 
 It was at this point that the committee of six persons sent hither by 
 the grantees of the township in the autumn of 1761, " to view the town- 
 ship and lay out the first division of land," began their work, and two 
 months later reported at Windham, Connecticut, the result of their 
 labor. Suffice it to say that the ]and selected by the committee em- 
 braced that on which "White Eiver Junction and White Biver village are 
 located. However sanguine Prince Tracey and his five associates in 
 that exploration might have been as to the future of their grant, it is 
 doubtful whether they would have credited, even a revelation from 
 heaven, that within the life of the third or fourth generation of their 
 
 ' That portion of White River Junction which lies ou the north side of White 
 river bore the name of "Lyman's Point" until the Central, Passumpsic and 
 Northern railroads were completed, since which time the territory on both sides 
 of the river has been called White River Junction. 
 
28 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 successors, the march of civilization would obliterate the landmarks 
 established by them, defined alone by blazed trees, convert their trail 
 along the river borders into costly lines of railways having their ter- 
 minus on the very ground selected by them for the first division [and 
 that, within the radius of a few chains' length from where their first 
 camp fire was lighted], the then unbroken wilderness would be trans- 
 formed into a scene of active life, enterprise and prosperity, such as 
 now presents itself to every attentive observer at White Eiver Junction, 
 and indicates an era of progressive civilization. 
 
 With the name of White Eiver Junction, will ever be associated the 
 names of Elias Lyman, 3d, and Col. Samuel Natt. The first was grand- 
 father of Mrs. Mary (Lyman) Allen, daughter of the late Lewis Lyman, 
 and also of Misses Louise and Lizzie Lyman, daughters of the late 
 Geo. Lyman, Esq. Elias Lyman, 3d, commenced life for himself as a 
 flatboatman on the Connecticut river. Prom this vocation ho passed, by 
 degrees, to the occupation of a merchant, and settling on the north side 
 of White river near its confluence with the Connecticut river, about the 
 year 1793, he soon becama widely known, and by a life of energy and 
 enterprise attained to a handsome fortune. Col. Samuel Nutt in early 
 manhood commenced boating on the Connecticut river. He subse- 
 quently became the owner of boats, and also the builder of river and 
 canal boats, and in the meantime purchased the land which he lived to 
 see occupied by the stations, offices and other buildings erected by the 
 railway campanies, and many dwelling houses besides his own. 
 
 White River Junction has a fine union railway station which contains 
 the most commodious and best furnished restaurant and dining room 
 to be found in New England. It is managed by Mr. E. A. Dunton, 
 than whom no more capable and obliging caterer can be found. 
 " Plenty of time ! " is his assuring exclamation to the traveler at his 
 table. This village has the meeting houses of the Roman Catholic, 
 Methodist, Universalist and Episcopal churches ; an extensive cracker 
 and confectionery manufactory ; two printing establishments ; a fine 
 hotel ; two drug stores ; a national bank with a capital stock of $100,- 
 000 ; a savings bank ; an Odd Fellows hall ; a steam grist mill ; granite 
 curbing and marble monumental works ; a wholesale jewelry store ; 
 numerous dry goods, clothing and hardware stores, railway shops and 
 offices ; two insurance agencies ; three lawyers ; two physicians, and sev- 
 eral mechanics. Twenty-four dwelling houses, mills and stores were 
 erected in this village in 1885. Among the prominent men who have 
 lived and died in this village may be mentioned Dr. Samuel J. Allen ; Geo. 
 Lyman, Esq., for many years postmaster, and N. B. Safford, Esq., for 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 39 
 
 many years the treasurer of the Vermont State Agricultural Society ; 
 for several years postmaster of this village and an extensive and suc- 
 cessful farmer. He was largely instrumental in securing the establish- 
 ment of the extensive pulp and paper mills built at Olcott Palls. 
 
 Centreville is a hamlet located on White river about midway between 
 Hartford village and West Hartford. It has a grist mill and saw mill, 
 school house and a dozen dwelling houses. 
 
 Christian Street is a hamlet lying between Hartford village and Nor- 
 wich. The only manufacturing business carried on there is that of 
 brick-making by Mr. Edward N. Gillett. 
 
 Dothan and Jericho are hamlets located in the northern part of the 
 town. The names of these two hamlets were given to them by Rev. 
 Aaron Hutchinson, who, many years ago, preached in that section. 
 Mr Hutchinson gave the name " Goshen " to that portibn of the town 
 where the brothers George and Norman Newton now reside. The sec- 
 tion known as " Church Hill " was so named for the reason that it 
 comprised one of the lots that were pitched by the selectmen to the 
 church right. 
 
 Eusstown is a hamlet on the road leading from Hartford village to 
 Windsor via. George Pease's and Mrs. Daniel Simond's residences. 
 Several of the Rust family reside in that section, and some of the de- 
 scendants of Daniel Pinneo, who was one of the earliest settlers in the 
 town. 
 
 Olcott Falls,' the latest settled hamlet in the town, is located on the 
 Passumpsic railroad, two miles north of White River Junction, and is 
 the location of the pulp and paper mills of the Olcott Palls Corporation. 
 It is in the newly formed school district No. 11 ; is growing in popula- 
 tion rapidly, and will ere long rank as one of the principal villages in 
 the town, and. may become within the next decade the most important 
 village in the town. (See Article on Manufactories and Mills). 
 
 ' On a map printed by John Gant, Albany, N. Y., entitled " A Chorographical 
 Map of the Northern Department of Northern America," these falls are designated 
 as " White Falls." The date of the publication of this map does not appear on the 
 map, but it was probably published a short time after the erection of Cumberland 
 county by the New York government. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 MEASUEES TO PEOMOTB AN BAELY SETTLEMENT OB THB TOWN. 
 
 Every available method was resorted to by the grantees to promote 
 an early and rapid settlement of the township. The grantees were all 
 inhabitants of the colony of Connecticut, and they sought purchases of 
 their rights in that and other colonies, and offered apparently tempting 
 inducements to influence emigration hither; but, notwithstanding the 
 inherent proclivity evinced by the Yankee to better his fortune, and to 
 emigrate to new and uncultivated lands, it was two years after the 
 grant before a settlement was made in the township. The proprietors, 
 however, held meetings regularly, either in Windham or in Lebanon, 
 Ct., and continued to legislate upon the affairs of the grant. After 
 disposing of the first division of land they turned their attention to lay- 
 ing out highways, running out the boundary lines of the township, 
 enforcing the collection of taxes from delinquents and making a second 
 division of land. Prior to this, however, several of the charter mem- 
 bers had deeded their shares to others who were more hopeful in the 
 venture. But few of the proprietors, or original grantees, ever visited 
 the town, and not more than half a dozen of them made a permanent 
 settlement in the township. Some of those who absented themselves, 
 but retained possession to a late day, and some of those who came into 
 the township, neglected to pay their taxes, and consequently, their land 
 was distrained, advertised and sold to make the arrearages good. The 
 following exhibits the measures taken by .the proprietors to promote 
 settlements in the town : 
 
 March 9th, 1762, Prince Tracy was chosen clerk and treasurer; Samuel Wil- 
 liams, Prince Tracy and James Flint, assessors; Silas Phelps, Moses Hebard and 
 Joseph Blanchard, collectors. At tliis meeting the collectors were instructed to 
 sell the land of all delinquent tax-payers. It was also voted that there should be 
 a premium of sixpence for each bushel of wheat, rye or Indian corn raised in 
 Hartford the next year (1763). Also voted that the treasurer should pay back 
 the three sliillings to those who paid the same and got left out of the charter. 
 
 Nov. 3d, 1762, the proprietors voted to make a second division of land of 100 
 acres to each right, and after reserving one lot in the most convenient place for 
 the first settled minister, tlien those proprietors or their assigns who would go on 
 to the township the next summer, or fall, should have their choice of said lots 
 without reserve; and that all said lots not thus taken up should be distributed 
 by lottery to the I'est of the proprietors as the first division were. Mr. John 
 Spencer and Mr. Oliver Brewster; were chosen a committee to make said divis- 
 ion. It was also voted to sell the rights of delinquent tax-payers; also, that 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOBD. 31 
 
 Prince Tracy should endeavor to get the taies which were in Maj. Joseph 
 Blanchard's hands; also, procure a law-book of the laws of said province of New 
 Hampshire for the proprietors' use. (Maj. Blanchard then resided in the prov- 
 ince of New Hampshire, and was a tax collector.) 
 
 March 8th, 1763, the board of town officers embraced several quasi mihtary 
 officers, viz. : Capt. Wm. Clark, moderator ; Lieut. Prince Tracy, clerk and 
 treasurer ; Ldeut. Prince Tracy and Lieut. Hezekiah Huntington, assessors ; 
 Lieut. Huntington and Maj. Joseph Blanchard, collectors. 
 
 The first warning for a proprietors' meeting that was entered upon 
 the records read as follows: 
 
 "These are to worn all the proprietors of the township of Hartford in the 
 province of Newhampshear to meat at the house of Capt. Jonathan Barker, inn- 
 holder in Lebanon in the colony of Connecticut on the 20th day of April next at 
 nine of the clock in the morning to conclude whether they will do anything 
 further to encourage settlers to go on to said town the next summer » * « 
 and proceed to lay out the whole township, and chuse a committee to take care 
 of the pine timber — also to agree on some easier way to warn meatings for the 
 future, and do any other business proper." This was signed by Prince Tracy, 
 WUUam Clark and Samuel Terry, who were chosen Selectmen at the town 
 meeting of March 8th, 1763, and dated March 20th, 1763. 
 
 At the meeting so warned it was voted that the further conditions on 
 which the proprietors should hold their choice of lots in the second 
 division should be that each one should clear up and sow down to grain 
 or grass four acres the first year, and so continue to do for three years 
 successively. 
 
 The last record made by Prince Tracy in the proprietors' book of 
 records was of the proceedings at the meeting of Dec. 21st, 1763. The 
 next record made by him was entered in a pamphlet-book entitled, " A 
 Book of Town Votes for the Town of Hartford, in the Province of 
 New Hampshear," and is a record of proceedings at Windham, March 
 13th, 1Y64. The last record ever made by Mr. Tracy as town clerk, 
 was entered in this pamphlet-book, and this was the record of the last 
 meeting held by the proprietors in Connecticut. 
 
 The records of the town now passed into the hands of the newly 
 chosen clerk, Benajah Strong, but no further record was entered on the 
 pages of the pamphlet-book until March 8th, 1168, when this book was 
 again brought into use by Elijah Strong, who was then elected town 
 clerk and thus filled the dual ofiices of town and proprietors' clerk. In 
 the meantime the records of the proprietors were made in a new and 
 larger book, now known as "Book A of the proprietors' records," 
 which was opened Oct. 19th, 1764, with the record of the warning 
 issued for the first meeting held within the town which occurred Dec. 
 3d, 1764, five months prior to the last meeting held in Connecticut. 
 
32 HISTORY OP HARTFOED. 
 
 DATE OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Thompson, in his " History of Vermont,'' fixes the date of the first 
 settlement of Hartford to have been in 1764, when Elijah Strong and his 
 brothers moved into the town. Had Mr. Thompson, or those persons from 
 whom he derived his information on this point, studied the records of 
 the town in a careful manner, he, or they, could not have failed to dis- 
 cover the fact that the first settlement occurred as early, at least, as the 
 spring of 1763. 
 
 At a proprietor's meeting, held Nov. 3d, 1762, it was voted that those 
 proprietors, or their assigns, who should enter on, possess and improve 
 the one hundred acre lots of the second division, the next summer or 
 fall, should have their choice of lots in said division. That this propo- 
 sition induced emigration to the township as early as the spring of 1763, 
 is shown by the record of a warning calling a meeting of the proprietors 
 to be held in Windham, Conn., at the inn of Samuel Badger, Dec. 21, 
 1763. One article in said warning is as foUows : — 
 
 " Likewise to hear and examine the evidences of those men who have 
 been at labor in said town this summer past, or fall, whether they have 
 performed the conditions on which they were to take their choice of 
 those hundred acre lots." 
 
 At the proprietors' meeting held pursuant to this warning, satisfactory 
 reports were made by said settlers, and their accounts were adjusted 
 accordingly. Further evidence is found in the fact that the proprietors 
 ia 1763, buUt a large skow ferry boat sufficiently strong to carry men 
 and horses and carts, and this was placed in the Connecticut river near 
 where Alonzo Nutt now lives. But I have recently discovered other 
 important evidence on this point, as will be seen by the following copy 
 of a certificate made by one of the few proprietors who came into the 
 town to eifect a permanent settlement therein. 
 
 ' ■ Hartford, October, 27 1763. 
 
 These may certifie all Persons whome it may concern, that Benjamin Wright, 
 one of the proprietors of Scl. Hartford, persuant to the vots of the proprietors did 
 enter upon sd land in order to setel thearin the year 1763, and have made coyce 
 of the hundred achor lot No 1 Lying on the south side of the road that goette 
 from the great river (Connecticut) toward pomphrit (Pomfret), for the first 
 devison Lot caled No 8, and allso have piohed on No 2 agoining for the hun- 
 dred akor Lot called No 6 from Whit river down Connecticut river. The first 
 pick mad for the Lot orignely Cap Wm Clark's, the second orignely Benj 
 Wright's Junr, as witness my hand. 
 
 Test BENJAMIN WRIGHT. 
 
 This certificate establishes two facts — first, that a settlement was 
 made in the town in 1763, and secondly,' that Benjamin Wright was, at 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 33 
 
 least, one of the first settlers, if not the very first settler. I am able to 
 adduce still further tangible evidence on this point. In May, 1765, 
 certain of the proprietors petitioned the New York government for 
 Letters Patent, and in furtherance of their design they sent to New 
 York a certificate of sundry expenses they had incurred in procuring a 
 charter, laying out their lands, &c., and referring to the immigration 
 that had taken place they say : — 
 
 " In the Sumer 1763, There was Ten persons which Entered on the 
 said Town and Laboured in the same the said Sumer. And in the year 
 1761 There was four Persons have moved on the said Town with their 
 famelys and there Dwells Ever since. And the said Ten continue to 
 Improve the said Second Sumer ; & others Did Enter on ; and this 
 Present Spring 10 men have Gone on to Improve and about 10 others 
 Intend to Go Imediately." 
 
 I apprehend that the statement above made is, in the main, true ; but 
 the clause relating to four families having moved into the town in 1761, 
 should be taken cum grano sails. The charter was not granted until 
 July 4th, 1761, and the first committee sent into the township by the 
 proprietors to locate the first division of lots did not conclude their 
 labors until late in the fall of 1761, therefore ; it is not probable that 
 any one or more of the proprietors moved into the town prior to 1763, 
 for permanent settlement. There may have been and probably there 
 was squatters in the township — hunters and trappers, perhaps — even 
 before the charter was granted. 
 
 Some of the oldest persons living in the town in 1872, entertained the 
 opinion that Benjamin Wright was the first actual settler, and that he 
 moved into the town in 1763. Miss Parthena Tilden, a grand daughter 
 of Stephen Tilden, the elder, informed the writer, in 1872, that when a 
 child, she often heard her relatives conversing on this subject, and they 
 generally asserted that Mr. Wright was the first settler, and that he 
 built and lived in the first house ever erected in the town, and this was 
 located near Connecticut river, not far below the mouth of White river. 
 In the first division of land among the proprietors by lottery, in 1761, 
 Mr. Benjamin Wright drew lot " No. 14," up White river on the north 
 side. He subsequently owned nearly every other lot contained in the 
 first division that bordered upon the north side of White river. The hun- 
 dred acre lots "No. 1" and "No. 2," mentioned in the foregoing certificate 
 by Mr. Wright, were selected by him by virtue of his having purchased 
 of Benjamin Wright, Jr., lot "No. 6" of the first division, and of Capt. 
 Wm. Clarke, lot "No. 8" of the first division, together with all their un- 
 divided land in the town. He was, therefore, entitled, under the vote 
 passed by the proprietors, to make a pitch of two hundred acres, and 
 
34 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 his pitch comprised the land embraced in the farms now owned respec- 
 tively by Charles Ballard, David Wright and George Pease. 
 
 It is probable that Mr. Benjamin Wright built his first house either 
 on lot "No. 6," or "No. 8." The testimony of Miss Tilden is sufBcient to 
 assure us on this point. Mr. Eoswell Marsh, a grandson of Gov. Joseph 
 Marsh, wrote, in 1870, that the first settlement in the town was made 
 at the mouth of White river. This is rather indefinite, but construing 
 it to mean " near the mouth of White river,'' lot " No. 6," south of 
 White river, would come within the limit so defined. 
 
 It is deemed proper to be thus particular in the exhibition of recorded 
 and traditional evidence concerning the first settlement of the town, in 
 order to correct present misapprehension, and fix with precision for all 
 future time, the date of this event, which has been heretofore, as much 
 a matter of doubt and speculation as the more important event, viz: the 
 date of the organization of the town. 
 
 FIRST MEETINGS HELD IN THE TOWN. 
 
 It is a matter of record that Elijah, Solomon andBenajah Strong, Jon- 
 athan Marsh, Noah Dewey and Benjamin Wright, together with their 
 families, were located in the town as early as the summer of 1764. Tra- 
 dition says that they came from Lebanon, Connecticut, to Hartford, via. 
 Northampton and Greenfield, Mass., to the Hinsdale and "Number 
 Pour'' forts, thence up the Connecticut river route, via. Windsor, to the 
 mouth of White river, bringing along, on horseback, their household 
 goods and farming implements. 
 
 By law and custom, whenever the actual settlers in a township came 
 to own one sixteenth part of the whole number of rights or shares in 
 said township, they might draw the meetings of the proprietors within 
 the limit of the township. The number of proprietors' shares in Hart- 
 ford was sixty-four, consequently the settlers above named constituted 
 more than the necessary quorum, and therefore, in accordance with the 
 law, they made application to one of his majesty's justices of the prov- 
 ince of New Hampshire requiring him to issue a warning for a meeting 
 of the proprietors within said township. The petition was granted and 
 the following warning was posted, viz : — 
 
 Whereas, application has been made to me the subscriber, one of his 
 majesty's justices of the peace for the province of New Hampshire, by 
 the owners of more than one-sixteenth part of the township of Hartford 
 in the province aforesaid, requiring a meeting to be warned of said 
 proprietors on Monday the third day of December next, for the cotents 
 and purposes hereinafter mentioned : 
 
 1st. To choose a moderator to govern said meeting. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 35 
 
 2d. To choose a proprietors' dark, proprietors' treasurer, and col- 
 lector, assessors, &c. 
 
 3dly. To see if the proprietors will do anything with regard to the 
 speedy settlement of said township, and to choose a committe for said 
 business. 
 
 4:thly. To see if they will do anything with respect to the laying out 
 roads and clearing roads throughout the township. 
 
 5thly. To see what methods the proprietors will come into with re- 
 gard to calling meetings for the future of said proprietors, and do all 
 such other things as ye said proprietors at their said meetings shall see 
 meet. 
 
 These are therefore in his majesty's name to notify and warn ye said 
 proprietors to assemble and meet at the dwelling house of Mr. Solomon 
 Strong in said Hartford on Monday ye third day of December next at 
 one of ye clock afternoon, to vote and act — all ye aforesaid articles as 
 you at your said meeting shall see fit. 
 
 Dated October 19th, 1764. (Signature omitted). 
 
 Pursuant to the above notice a meeting was held at the house of Sol- 
 omon Strong, which was near the centre of the town. The record of 
 the proceedings is as follows, viz : — 
 
 " At a meeting of the proprietors of the' township of Hartford ia the province 
 of New Hampshear, legally warned and holden in said Hartford, December ye 
 third, 1764. 
 
 Chosen, Mr. Noah Dewey, moderator. 
 
 Chosen, Mr. EUjah Strong, proprietors' clerk. 
 
 Chosen, Mr. Solomon Strong, proprietors' treasui'er. 
 
 Chosen, Mr. Elijah Sti'ong, collector. 
 
 Chosen, Mr. Noah Dewey, Benajah Strong, Solomon Strong, Elijah Strong, 
 and Jonathan Marsh, committee. 
 
 Voted, that all those proprietors that wiU clear three acres and stock weU with 
 grain or grass within one year from this time shall have then- liberty to pick 
 their hundred acre lot that is ali'eady laid out. 
 
 Voted, that all those proprietors that will come with their families within one 
 year from this time or clear and fence and manure four acres, or any that now 
 have their family here, or have aheady cleared four acres, shall have liberty to 
 pick their interval or meadow land. 
 
 Voted, that they would do something about laying out and clearing highways. 
 
 Voted, that each proprietor should work four days at clearing highways by 
 the first day of September next, or pay sixteen shillings lawful money. 
 
 Voted, that Mr. Solomon Strong should see that the fore voted tax should be 
 laid out in clearing said highways, except enough to pay for laying out said 
 roads. 
 
 Voted, that the proprietors shall for the future warn the proprietors' meetings 
 by putting a writing on the sign-post in Hartford in New Hampshear, and in 
 Windham, or in Lebanon in Connecticut, at least twelve days before said 
 meeting. 
 
 Voted, that the proprietors' clerk shall keep the law book that belongs to the 
 proprietors, and the Charter, and aU other public writings that belong to the 
 proprietors. 
 
36 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Voted, that this meeting should be adjourned to the first Monday in May next 
 at one of the clock afternoon, at the dwelling house of Mr. Solomon Strong, and 
 said meeting was accordingly adjourned." 
 
 LAST MEETING HELD IN CONNECTICUT. 
 
 . At a meeting of the proprietors held in Lebanon, Connecticut, Mch.. 
 19, 1765, it was voted that the proprietors 'meetings for the future 
 should be held in Hartford. Elijah Strong was chosen proprietors' 
 clerk, and Jonathan Marsh, Ebenezer Gillett and Elijah Strong pro- 
 prietors' committee. It was also voted that the committee should see 
 "that the proprietors' debts be paid, taxes collected, and paid to the 
 treasurer, warn proprietors' meetings, receive of the former treasurer 
 and clerk all the former records, law books, charter, plans and all other 
 papers, and give a receipt therefor." The proceedings closed with the 
 choice of Prince Tracy as treasurer, to succeed Solomon Strong, who 
 was elected treasurer at the meeting of Dec. 3rd, 1764. Prior to this 
 last date all the town and proprietors' public business had been trans- 
 acted a]te:?nately at Windham and Lebanon, Ct. But their growing 
 interests in the new township resulting from an increase of population, 
 and the need of the presence of a board of civil authority to manage 
 municipal affairs, together with an increasing demand for more ex- 
 tended facilities in the way of roads, bridges and other internal im- 
 provements, compatible with the best interests of all concerned, led to 
 a transfer of all the business of the proprietors to the township. 
 Henceforth, as in the past, the administration of the municipal affairs 
 of the proprietors and those pertaining to the town proper, was vested 
 in the same individuals, but the legislative acts performed by each or- 
 ganization, though recorded for many years by the same clerk, were 
 recorded in separate books from the date of the first meeting, Aug. 26th, 
 1761, until the final closing up of the proprietors' affairs in 1832, when, 
 by a vote of the town, the proprietors' records passed from the hands 
 of the proprietors' clerk to the archives of the town. The records made 
 in the small pamphlet book, which has been referred to, related ex- 
 clusively to the election of town officers at the annual meetings held 
 in March, until March, 1770, when Elijah Strong began to record on 
 its pages the legislative acts of the town which he and his successor in 
 that office continued to do until 1778. But Mr. Strong, to the confu- 
 sion of his posterity, ignored his official duty, to enter upon record, 
 anywhere, the proceedings at the annual town meetings held between 
 1775 and '78 ; and, added to this dereliction, his method of keeping the 
 records was crude, in the extreme. In fact, there are man^r real and 
 seeming incongruities in the records generally, for many years, that 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 37 
 
 cannot be explained without an infinite amount of research. It is 
 deemed proper to say that subsequent to 1774, no mention is made in 
 the proprietors' records of the election of any municipal officers with 
 the exception of proprietors' clerk, treasurer, collector and committee ; 
 that the same person held the dual offices of town and proprietors' 
 clerk, and the men who served as proprietors' committee, were also in- 
 cumbents of the more important offices of the town, and this arrange- 
 ment conserved to harmony " which is the strength of all institutions." 
 
 The first two meetings held in the township were held in the dwell- 
 ing house of Solomon Strong. Later meetings, in the interest of the 
 proprietors, were held in the dwelling houses of Elijah Strong, Christo- 
 pher Pease, Benjamin Wright, Daniel Pinneo and Joel Marsh, but, in 
 the greater number of instances in the house of Elijah Strong, while he 
 was town and proprietors' clerk. After the election of Amos Robinson 
 as clerk in 1775, the proprietors' meetings were held in the inn of Stephen 
 Tilden, Jr., until the year 1800 ; when James Tracy was chosen clerk, and 
 the meetings were held in his house during his term of office, or until 
 Nov. 8th, 1803. In 1808, Daniel Marsh was chosen clerk, and from this 
 date until 1819, the proprietors' meetings were held in the public inn of 
 Freegrace Leavitt at the centre of the town. 
 
 Prom 1765 to 1808, the proprietors held meetings in the town, but 
 not regularly. From May 17th, 1785, to February 9th, 1790, and from 
 March 1803, to Sept. 22d, 1808 there were no records made in the pro- 
 prietors' book of records. In the interim between 1765 and 1819 — 
 when their records were closed — many important events transpired in 
 the local history of the town, which will be alluded to in other por- 
 tions of this history. The proprietors' committees were engaged in 
 making divisions and sales of the land (which included a new division 
 and redistribution of the land included in the first division by lottery 
 in 1761, and that of the second division made in 1763) the establish- 
 ment of highways and boundary lines ; promoting immigration ; fos- 
 tering the improvement and cultivation of the soil by premiums paid 
 for crops raised; rewarding public services, and other less important 
 matters. 
 
 Referring to the proprietors' records I will quote, in chronological 
 order, the more important proceedings of the proprietors' committees 
 from 1764, to their last business meeting, Nov. 8th, 1808 : 
 
 June 20, 1768. — A second division of land was made by lottery. A 
 tax of one dollar on each share was laid to defray expenses (1st mention 
 made of federal currency.) 
 
 Nov. 2, 1772. — Israel and John Gillett and Joshau Hazzen were 
 chosen a committee to size the fifty acre lots. Voted to " advertise in 
 
38 HISTORY OF HARTFORB. 
 
 Connecticut public prints the proprietors of Harlford to make applica- 
 tion to the committee chosen for that use to lay out to each agreved 
 proprietor his part of the sequestered land for that use in order to 
 make each ones share of first division equal, they paying the cost." 
 
 April 24, 1773. — In a warning for a meeting, the 2nd article related 
 to ousting Elijah Strong from his position as clerk, which was not ac- 
 complished. 
 
 Nov. 22, 1773. — Abel and Joel Marsh and Amos Eobinson were 
 chosen a committee to lay out in lots that body of pine land that laid 
 near the " Island meadows ;" one lot to each right. 
 
 April 18, 1774. — At a meeting held in the house of Elijah Strong, 
 Capt. Joseph Marsh was chosen moderator, and Capt. Joseph Marsh,_ 
 Stephen Tilden and Elisha Marsh were chosen a committee to see about 
 settling the line between Hartford and Hertford, and erect a bound by 
 Connecticut river and warn oil those " who have incroached." Thomas 
 Hazzen, was chosen treasurer. Amos Robinson ceased to be collector, 
 and William Bramble and Elisha Marsh were chosen collectors. (First 
 mention of Joseph Marsh). 
 
 Oct. 31, 1874 — Above named committee to settle the town line, re- 
 ported that they cited the inhabitants of Hertford to preambulate with 
 them, but they did not, and the committee warned off those who were 
 encroaching on the pine lands belonging to Hartford. 
 
 May 16, 1775. — Amos Robinson was chosen clerk and a committee 
 was chosen to regulate the records (which were indeed in a confused 
 state as left by Elijah Strong) and thereafter, until 1780, the records 
 were made in the neat, uniform, but rather feminine chirography of Mr. 
 Robinson. At this meeting it was voted that pitches of fifty acres each 
 might be made by the proprietors of the undivided land. 
 
 On the first Monday of November 1776, at a meeting held in the 
 house of widow Ruth Strong, voted to accept the return of pitches of 
 the fifty acre lots made by Thomas Hazzen, Israel Gillett, Mitchell 
 Clark, John Bennett, Jr., Becket Chapman, Joshua Hazzen, Benj. 
 Wright, John Gillett, Stephen Tilden and Simon Chapman. 
 
 April 27, 1778. — The proprietors voted to procure a charter of the 
 township, and Stephen Tilden and Amos Robinson were chosen a com- 
 mittee to procure the same. Joseph Marsh and Amos Robinson, were 
 chosen a committee to apply to the General Assembly to have the line 
 between Hartford and Hertford settled. " Voted to raise one hundred 
 dollars to defray expense of committee." 
 
 Oct. 12, 1778. — Joseph Marsh, Amos Robinson and Stephen Tilden 
 were chosen a committee to settle line between Hartford and Hertford, 
 and they were instructed to hire a committee to begin at north west 
 corner of Windsor and measure Hertford west line seven miles and a 
 quarter. 
 
 Dec. 8, 1778. — Said committee reported a survey of the line between 
 the said towns, made by John Hatch, surveyor, and John Griswold, 
 Josiah Russell and Samuel Paine. A committee consisting of Joshua 
 Hazen, Amos Robinson and Joseph Marsh, was chosen to settle and 
 establish said line. A tax of three shillings on each proprietor's share 
 was voted. The line thus established was identically the same as that 
 named in the charter, and surveyed in 1763. 
 
 See Book A. Proprietor's records, pages 43-44. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 39 
 
 June 24, 1779. — It was voted to make another division of the com- 
 mon land. 
 
 Dec. 29, 1780. — Asa Hazen was chosen clerk, and it was voted that 
 the Selectmen should take the proprietor's records from the old clerk 
 (Amos Rohinson) and deliver them to the new clerk. 
 
 Feb. 6, 1781, it was voted to lay out a division of forty acres to each 
 proprietors' right. 
 
 Nov. 12, 1800. — Voted that each proprietor have nine acres to a right, 
 and to accept of all the pitches made on the nine acre division. 
 
 March, 1803. — (2d Wednesday) met at James Tracy's. Chose Amos 
 Robinson, Esq., committee to apply to Mr. Marion to obtain a copy of 
 the charter of the township of Hartford from the Secretary of New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 Aug. 17, 1808. — By application of more than one sixteenth of the 
 proprietors to Pascal P. Enos, Justice of the Peace, a meeting was 
 warned to be holden in the house of Josiah Tilden, the 2d Monday of 
 November, 1808. The business of said meeting was as follows : 
 
 ^Ist. Chose Joseph Marsh, Esq., Moderator. 
 2d. Chose Daniel Marsh, Proprietor's Clerk. 
 
 3d. Chose Daniel Marsh a comniitteeman to act with the Selectmen of said 
 town to see if the pubhc lands are all laid out. 
 
 From this time to April 5th, 1819, thirty five meetings were held, at 
 which no current business was transacted. Mr. Marsh retained the pro- 
 prietors' records till 1832, when he turned them over to the Town Clerk 
 of Hartford. 
 
 At the last mentioned date the divisions of land among the grantees 
 had been amicably and satisfactorily adjusted and completed. Many of 
 the whole shares of the first, second and third divisions had been di- 
 vided and sub divided and disposed of to imigrants. Many of the 
 grantees had never visited the township. Some who had come into the 
 town with a view of settling herein, were not well pleased with the 
 country, or were not disposed to face the political troubles of the hour, 
 and, therefore, disposed of their shares for a song, and retraced their 
 steps, or went into more favored localities.' Thus the interests and 
 rights, at first vested in the grantees, passed gradually into the hands 
 of speculators, jobbers and land-grabbers, like Gov. Joseph Marsh and 
 his relatives and confreres, or to assigns of a more respectable type ; 
 while the judicial, executive and legislative powers vested in the gran- 
 tees by the charter, were by degrees vested in the town authorities by 
 virtue of constitutional laws. 
 
 The war of the Revolution, and the war of 1812, had both inured to 
 the benefit of the people, and they were now free to pursue their 
 respective vocations without fear of molestation or interruption frona 
 
 ' Several of the grantees of this township were also grantees of other townships 
 chartered by Gov. Wentworth from 1760 to 1768. 
 
40 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 without, or internecine troubles at home. The olive branch and the 
 laurel were intertwined with the cypress, and under the benign influ- 
 ences of victory, peace and mourning, our fathers were laboring to cor- 
 rect the anomalies which had sprung up in the political, military, judi- 
 , cial and fiscal departments of the new polity, and to establish all the 
 institutions of government on the Constitution — that magna charta 
 which ensures to their posterity to-day the security of property, the 
 peace of our streets and the happiness of our homes. 
 
 GEANTEES' FIRST SALES. 
 
 The first sale of land made by a charter proprietor was that made by 
 Joshua Wight, Jr., to Samuel Murdock, Jr., of one whole share, or 
 proprietor's right. As this was the first conveyance of right and title, 
 and the form and phraseology of the deed are similar to all others 
 found in the records of sales subsequently made, I will quote the deed 
 in full, viz : — 
 
 To All People To Whom These Presents Shall Come, Oreeting: 
 
 Know that I Joshua Wight Juni-. of Windham in the County of Windham 
 and Colony of Connecticut for the Consideration of Five Pounds Lawful money 
 received to my fuU satisfaction of SamI Murdock Junr of Windham aflforesd do 
 Give, Grant, Remise, Release and for ever quit claim, unto the said Samll Mvu:- 
 dock Junr, one Whole Shear or Proprietor's Right in a Township of Land, Late- 
 ly Granted to me and some others by the Govr. and Council of the Province of 
 New Hampsheax, Which Town Lies on the West Side of Connecticut River in Sd 
 Province, called Hartford. To Have and to Hold the Premises To the Sd Samuel 
 Murdock Junr, his heii's and Assigns for ever, So that Neither I the said Joshua 
 Wight, nor my heirs, nor any other Person, from, by or imder me Shall have 
 Clame, or Challenge any Right, title, or Interest in the Premises, but Shall for 
 ever be barred by these Presents. Witness my hand and Seal Aug-t 5th, 1761. 
 
 JOSHUA WIGHT Jun'r. [Seal.] 
 
 Signed Sealed and Delivered in the Presence of 
 Sam'll Gray 
 Mary Gray 
 Windham Sst Windham Novr 14th 1761, Personally Appeared Joshua Wight 
 Jun'r Signer and Sealer to the above Written Instrument and acknoldg the same 
 to be his free act and Deed. 
 
 CORAM SAM'LL GRAY, Just of ye Peace. 
 The fourgoing Deed Recorded March ye 23d 1762. 
 
 Attest PRINCE TRACY, Town Clerk. 
 
 The share thus conveyed was number twenty-two on Connecticut 
 river, north of White river, containing 60 acres. The price paid per 
 acre was about forty-seven cents. 
 
 The next sale made, in order of date, was made by Samuel Porter of 
 Lebanon, Conn., to Stephen Tilden, Jr., of the same town; being lot 
 "No. 13," up White river on the north side, which contained fifty-nine 
 acres, and was sold for a consideration of ten shillings ($2.42) or about 
 four cents per acre. This lot is embraced in the farm now owned and 
 occupied by Wm. E. Dutton. 
 
 On the 15th of March, 1762, Nathan Clark, of Windham, Ct., deeded 
 
HISTORY OF HABTFORD. 41 
 
 to Elijah Strong, of Lebanon, Ct., lot " No. 2," on the south side of 
 White river, bordering on both this and Connecticut river, and contain- 
 ing nineteen acres. Also 360 acres, or one whole right in the township, 
 making altogether 379 acres for a consideration of four pounds ten shil- 
 lings ($21.78) or less than six cents per acre. Lot "No 2 " and lot "No. 
 3," drawn by Daniel Newcombe of Lebanon, Ct., and lot " No. 1" drawn 
 by John Baldwin, containing respectively nineteen, fifty and thirty-one 
 acres, constitute the location occupied by the net-work of tracks and the 
 depot and other buildings belonging to the various railroads centering 
 at White River Junction. Tradition says that the first dwelling house 
 ever erected in Hartford was built by Elijah Strong on lot " No 2," 
 in the spring of 1764. 
 
 On the north side of White river, and bordering on the two rivers, 
 was lot "No. 1," owned by Benjamin Whitney, containing nineteen 
 acres. Adjoining this on the west was the lot drawn by Timothy Clark, 
 containing thirty-one acres. These and a few other adjoining lots were 
 subsequently owned by Messrs. Cone and Knowlton, by whom they 
 were sold to Elias Lyman 3d, whose heirs and assigns now live thereon. 
 Among the early immigrants and land-owners, are found the names of 
 Elijah Strong, and his brothers, Solomon and Benajah ; Noah and 
 Joshua Dewey ; Jonathan and Abel Marsh, Daniel Pinneo, Stephen Til- 
 den, Benjamin Wright, Prince Tracy, Israel Gillett, Christopher Pease, 
 Seth Burgess, William Bramble, John Bennett, Eleazer Robinson, Ben- 
 jamin Burch, Lionel Udall, John Strong and Ebenezer Gillett, all of 
 whom lived in the town prior to 1771. Subsequently, and down to 1778, 
 only six of the charter members, or grantees, had settled in the town. 
 There were other settlers in the town, though few in number. Between 
 1771 and 1778, the following names appear in the lists of town officers, 
 viz: Amos Robinson, John and Elisha Marsh, Thomas Richardson, 
 Joshua and Thomas Hazen, Samuel Udall, Joel and Joseph Marsh, Jon- 
 athan Burch, Mitchell Clark, Alexander Brink, Thomas Richardson, 
 Darius Sessions, John Giilett, Levi Demmon, Asa Hazen, David Bliss, 
 Simon Chapman, Samuel Webster, Thomas Emerson, Silas Hazen, An- 
 drew Tracy, Thomas Tracy, Elkanah Sprague, Phineas Strong, George 
 Smith, Asa Emerson and John Baldwin, all of whom were incumbents 
 either of town or proprietary offices. From 1778 to 1802, the town 
 records are missing, with the exception of a book used by the selectmen 
 of the town, beginning in 1798 and continued to the present time. 
 From this book will be given a list of the principal taxpayers in the 
 town in 1800, which will appear under the head of taxes. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 ORGANIZATION or THE TOWN. 
 
 The organization of the town was coeval with the date of the first 
 town meeting. The records kept by Prince Tracy, the proprietors' 
 first clerk, conclusively show that the town was organized at the 
 date of the proprietors' first meeting, August 26th, 1761. Mr. Tracy, 
 Uke all the clerks who succeeded him — so long as the proprietors held 
 business meetings, — filled the dual position of proprietors and town 
 clerk, but while he held this office he kept two distinct sets of books of 
 records,one of which contained a record of the election of the proprietors' 
 officers, and their proceedings — which were the only acts of municipal 
 legislation recorded, — the other contained a record of the election of 
 town officers at the regular annual meetings. Generally the proprietary 
 and town offices were vested in the same persons, but not always. This 
 being the case it was not necessary to keep parallel records of the 
 municipal acts of legislation. The record book in which Mr. Tracy 
 entered the names of the town officers as distinct from those of the 
 proprietors, was designated as " A Book of Town Votes for the Town 
 of Hartford in the Province of New Hampshear," while the record book 
 containing the names of the proprietors' officers elected, etc., was desig- 
 nated as " Proprietors' Record." To illustrate the difference in the 
 two records it will only be necessary to quote the record made in each 
 of said books of the first meeting, August 26, 1761 ; and as the organi- 
 zation of the town was the first business transacted at said meeting, the 
 record of said meeting should be the first quoted, viz : — 
 
 " At a Town Meating of the Proprietors of The Town of Hartford in 
 the Province of New Hampshear, legally warned and Holden atWindham 
 in the Colony of Connecticut August ye 26th, 1761. Pursuant to a charter 
 of said Township Dated July ye 4th, 1761. In said Charter Mr. John 
 Baldwin was appointed Moderator of said Meeting. At the said meeting 
 Chosen Prince Tracy, Town Clerk ; Chosen Capt. William Clark, Prince 
 Tracy and Mr. John Baldwin Selectmen for said Town. Chosen Prince 
 Tracy, Town Treasurer. 
 
 Voted That this Meating shall be adjourned, etc.'' 
 
 The record made in the " Proprietors' Record-book reads as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 " Att a Meating of The Proprietors, etc.: 
 
 Att said Meeting Chosen Prince Tracy Proprietors' Clerk. Voted that 
 the Selectmen, namely, "William Clark, Prince Tracy and Mr. John 
 Baldwin shall be Assessors for Said Proprietors. 
 
 Chosen Prince Tracy, Proprietors' Treasurer. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 43 
 
 Chosen Maj. Joseph Blanchard, Silas Phelps and Moses Hebard Col- 
 lectors of Taxes." Here follows the record of the business transacted 
 by the proprietors as already quoted. 
 
 As further proof of the existence of a town organization it appears 
 that at the town meeting held March 8th, 1763, for the election of 
 officers, Lieut. Prince Tracy, Capt. William Clark and Mr. Samuel Terry, 
 were chosen selectmen of the town of Hartford, and Lieut. Prince Tracy, 
 Towji Clerk, and no other officers were chosen. At the same time, 
 however, and for the first time, the proprietors' committee was com- 
 posed of different men from those chosen as selectmen, for the town. 
 The same moderator presided, and the same person was chosen clerk, 
 for both organizations, but the proprietors chose an executive commit- 
 tee, composed of Elijah Bingham, Silas Phelps and Thomas Tracy, to 
 manage the proprietors' affairs in general ; and also elected assessors 
 and collectors. The selectmen attended to the business especially 
 appertaining to their department, but also participated in the legisla- 
 tion on proprietary matters in general, all the officers being original 
 grantees, or charter members. 
 
 The last record made by Prince Tracy, as town clerk, was entered in 
 the pamphlet book of town votes, March 12, 176£, at which time Benajah 
 Strong was chosen town clerk ; Elijah Strong, Solomon Strong and 
 Benjamin Wright, selectmen ; John Bennett, constable, and Ebenezer 
 Gillett, Jr., surveyor of highways. At this meeting it was voted that for 
 the future the town m,eetings should be held by the inhabitants of Hart- 
 ford within said town, which is evidence that town meetings had been 
 held La Connecticut. 
 
 Prior to this last named meeting, the inhabitants of the town, com- 
 prising more than one-sixteenth portion of actual residents, had requested 
 a transfer of the proprietors' meetings from Connecticut to the town of 
 Hartford. Acceding to that request, the proprietors, at a meeting held 
 in Windham, March 19th, 1765, voted that for the future the proprie- 
 tors' meetings should be held in Hartford. At this meeting Elijah 
 Strong was chosen proprietors' clerk. Prince Tracy proprietors' treas- 
 urer, and Jonathan Marsh, Ebenezer Gillett and Elijah Strong, com- 
 mittee. 
 
 The writer of this history is thus particular to fix with precision the 
 date of the organization of the town for the reason that Thompson, and 
 other historians, have erroneously stated that this town was organized 
 March 8th, 1768. Their error arose from a hasty inspection of the 
 records, or, they drew their conclusions from the fact that Elijah Strong's 
 first record of the election of town officers was entered in the pamphlet 
 
44 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 book of town votes under date of March 8th, 1768, three years subse- 
 quent to the date of the last town meeting held in Connecticut. Elijah 
 Strong kept the records of the proprietors' meeting in regular order of 
 date, etc., but who can account for his having failed to record in chron- 
 ological order, for the space of three years, the proceedings at the an- 
 nual town meetings 1 His silence on this point must be attributed to 
 one of three reasons, viz: — first, that the tenure of of6.ce of the of&cers 
 chosen March 12, 1765, extended to March 8, 1768 ; or secondly, that 
 the proprietors failed to comply with the terms of the charter requiring 
 annual meetings ; or lastly, that their clerk stupidly ignored his duty. 
 It is not at at all likely that the proprietors would have neglected so 
 important a duty. Elijah Strong was a good man, but in his youthful 
 days the schoolmaster was abroad. 
 
 At the annual town meeting March 8, 1768, the following named offi- 
 cers were chosen: — 
 
 Benjamin Wright, Moderator. 
 
 Elijah Strong, Town Clerk. 
 
 Christopher Pease, Solom.on Strong and John Marsh, Selectmen. 
 
 Daniel Pirmeo, Constable. 
 
 Abel Marsh and Solomon Strong, Highway Surveyors. 
 
 Abel Marsh and Elijah Strong, Tithingmen. 
 
 John Marsh and Benjamin Wright, Deer-reafs. 
 
 Elijah Strong continued to hold the office of proprietors' clerk until 
 May 16th, 1775 ; but was superceded as town clerk March 13th, 1769, 
 by John Strong, at which time the first grand jurymen were chosen. 
 The proceedings at this meeting were recorded in the pamphlet-book, 
 and the first act of municipal legislation, aside from the election of 
 officers, recorded in said book, was the vote to build a bridge over 
 Water Quechee river near the saw-mill. John Strong continued to fill 
 the office of town clerk until May 18th, 1773, when Amos Robinson was 
 chosen to fill the office. The first overseers of the poor were chosen at 
 this meeting, also the first fence viewers and pound keepers. Joel 
 Marsh was chosen supervisor, an office peculiar to the province of New 
 York. 
 
 May 17th, 1774, Capt. Joseph Marsh was chosen supervisor (an office 
 peculiar t j the province of New York and toward which Capt. Marsh 
 eshibited a decided leaning.) The town at that early period of its ex- 
 istence, had been highly honored by the choice of one of its citizens to 
 fill a high office in the government of the State. The town had become 
 occupied by industrious settlers, most of whom had come from the 
 towns in the colony of Connecticut. They were not a medley coUec- 
 tionl'of speculators, each intent on personal good alone, but they were 
 bound together by ties of kinship, and by unanimity of sentiment, that 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 45 
 
 assured harmony of action, success to every undertaking, stability to 
 all their enterprises and permanence of residence. Disaffections caused 
 by, or arising from, unequal divisions of land, wantages and pervers. 
 ions of the provisions, of the charter by some of those high in author- 
 ity, had been allayed by compromises, equitable settlements, as far as 
 possible, and other pacific measures. 
 
 The royal provincial governor of New Hampshire, for some years 
 subsequent to making grants, was not above the suspicion of being in 
 collusion with some of the land jobbers who at first infested this and 
 other grants ; but, however amenable to condemnation the governor 
 made himself, and however much he merited the retribution subse- 
 quently meted out to him, it is evident that Hartford, if she did not 
 furnish her quota of his rascally confederates, had, later, within her 
 borders those who did not scruple to appropriate to their own use the 
 valuable land set apart by the charter for public uses, and substitute 
 in their place, much less valuable lands in less favorable locations. 
 This species of pirating upon public rights, and infringing on the rights 
 of one's neighbors, was one of the wrongs imposed on the early set- 
 tlers of this town. In the light of history such deeds cannot be pal- 
 liated by public service ; never effectually disguised by judicial ermine, 
 priestly surplice, armorial bearings, or the insignia or honor of any 
 station in life ; nor wUl they be cancelled by the Nemesis of justice, nor 
 pass into oblivion unheeded by the faithful and impartial historian. 
 
 In consideration of the fact that the pamphlet-book entitled, " A 
 Book of Town Votes for the Town of Hartford in the Province of New 
 Hampshear," is exclusively devoted to records of town meetings prior 
 to 1779, and to preserve beyond possible loss the records contained in 
 said book, which is now in a dilapidated condition, and is the only 
 book of town records prior to 1802, it is deemed advisable to give here 
 a verbatim copy of all the records found therein relating to municipal 
 legislation. A portion of this book is devoted to family records, and a 
 portion' to the registration of the ear marks used by owners of sheep 
 and cattle. On the title page is a record of a certificate declaring that 
 " Ephraim Wright, Samuel Bullar and Nathan Warriner are members 
 of the Baptist church in Wilberham (Mass.?) (signed) Seth Clark, 
 Elder of said Church " This is under date of Oct. 16th, 1788. The 
 records are copied verbatim ad literatim,th.ose entered by E]ijah,Benajah 
 and John Strong, being unique specimens of clerical patch-work. 
 The first four pages were recorded by Prince Tracy, whose hand- writing 
 was elegant, but his method of spelling was ideographic. Amos Eobin- 
 son was methodical, usually grammatically correct, and a good penman. 
 
46 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 EECOEDS BY PEINCB TRACY. 
 
 "A±t a Town Heating of the Proprietors of the Town of Hartford in the Pro- 
 vince of New Hampshear, Legally Worned and Holden at Windham in the 
 Coloney of Connecticut August ye Twenty sixth 1761. Persuont to a charter of 
 said Township Dated July ye 4th 1761 — In said Charter Mr. John' Baldwin was 
 appointed Moderator of said Meating. 
 
 At said meating chosen Prince Tracy Town Clerk. 
 
 Chosen Capt. WiUiam Clark, Prince Tracy, and Mr. John Baldwin Select Men 
 for said Town. 
 
 Chosen Prince Tracy Town Treasurer. 
 
 Voted That This Meating Shall be Adjurned unto the Third Tuse Day of 
 November next at Nine of the Clock in the morning. To the House of Mr. 
 Paul Hebard in Windham in the Coloney of Connecticut, and said meating was 
 accordingly adjurned." 
 
 "At A. Town Meating of the Proprietors of the Town of Hartford, in the 
 Province of New Hampsheai' Holden at Windham In the Coloney of Connecticut 
 November ye 17th 1761. By Adjui-nment from August ye 36th 1761. 
 
 Voted — That This Meating shall be adjurned unto Monday Next, Being the 23d 
 Day of This Instant, at Twelve of the Clock on said Day to the House of Mr. 
 Paul Hebard in Windham in the Coloney of Connecticut, and said meating was 
 accordingly adjurned." 
 
 "Att a Town Meating of The Proprietors of The Town of Hartford, in the 
 Province of New Hampshear Holden at Windham in the Coloney of Conneticut 
 November ye 23d 1761, by adjurnment from ye 17 of November Instant. 
 
 Voted that the Methord for Worrung the Town Meatings for the futer shall be 
 as faUoweth. (viz) That the Select Men of the Town for the Time Being shall set 
 up a Worning in Writin under there Hands on the Signpost in the Towns of 
 Windham and Lebanon in the Coloney of Conneticut, Appointing Time, Place 
 and Buiseness of said Meating at Least six Days before said Meating, and Also 
 Advertize said Meating in the Boston Publiok Nuse Paper at Least Three weeks 
 before said Meating, and a Meating so Worned shall be Held and Esteened a 
 Legal Meating to Transact any Busseness for the futer untill said Town shall 
 agree upon some other methord." 
 
 "Att a Town Meating of the Proprietors of the Town of Hai-tford in the Pro- 
 vince of New Hampshear-, Legaly Worned and held at Windham in the Coloney 
 of Conneticut, March the 9th 1762. 
 
 Chosen Mr. Elijah Bingham Moderator. 
 
 Chosen Prince Tracy Town Clerk. 
 
 Chosen Mr. Samuel Williams, Prince Ti-acy and James Flint Select-men for 
 said Town of Hartford." 
 
 "Att a Town Meating of the Proprietors of the Town of Hartford in the Pro- 
 vince of New Hampshear Legaly Worned and Holden att Windham in the 
 Coloney of Conneticut for the Electing Town officers March ye 8th 1763. Chosen 
 Capt WiUiam Clark. Moderator, Chosen Lieut Prince Tracy Town Clerk. 
 
 Chosen Lieut Prince Tracy, Capt Wm Clark and Mr Samuel Terry Select-men. 
 Voted, that for the futer a Warning in Wrighting under the Hands of the Select- 
 men of said Town, set uppon the Sign Post in the Towns of Windham and Leb- 
 anon In the Coloney of Conneticut Ten Days before any Town Meating, 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 47 
 
 appointing Time, Place and Buisiness of such Meatiug shall be a Legal Warning 
 to hold such Meating upon, untiU such Town shall agree otherway." 
 
 "Att a Town Meating of the Proprietors of the Town of Hartford in the Pro- 
 vince of New Hampshear, Legaly Worned and Holden at Windham in the 
 Coloney of Conneticut March ye 13th 1764, for the Electing Town officers. 
 
 Chosen Jonathan Marsh Moderator, and Prince Tracy Town Clerk. Chosen 
 EUjah Strong, Jonathan Marsh, Prince Tracy Select-men. Chosen John Bennett 
 constable, and Benjamiin Wright Survayor of Highways." 
 
 "Att a Town Meating Worned and Holdin by the Proprietors of the Town of 
 Hartford in the Hrovince of New Hampshear, iu Windham in the Coloney of 
 Coimeticut March ye 13th 1765. Chosen Jonathan Marsh Moderator. Chosen 
 Benajah Strong Town Clerk. 
 
 Chosen EUjah Strong, Solomon Strong, Benj Wright Selectmen. 
 
 Chosen John Bennett Constable. 
 
 Chosen Ebenezer GiUett Survayor of Highways. 
 
 Voted that for the f uter the Town Meating shall be held by the Inhabetants of 
 said Hartford Within said Town,and that a Worning inWrighting under the hands 
 of the Selectmen of said Town, apointing Time Place and Buiseness of such 
 meating. Set up in said Town on the Signpost or Some other Publick Place, six 
 Days before said Meating shall be a Legal Worning for to hold such Meating 
 untill the Town shall agree otherwise." 
 
 EECOEDS BY ELIJAH STRONG. 
 
 "At a town meting Warned and Holden by the Proprietors of the town of 
 Hartford March ye 8 A D. 1768. 
 
 Chosen Benjamin Wright Moderator, Ehjah Sti-ong Town Clerk. 
 
 Chosen Christopher Pease, Solomon Strong, John Marsh, Select men. 
 
 Chosen Daniel Pumeo Constable. 
 
 Chosen Able Marsh and Solomon Strong Survaors of Highways. 
 
 Chosen Able Marsh and Elijah Strong tighing men. 
 
 Chosen John Marsh and Benj Wright Dear Reafs." 
 
 (There are no records for 1766 and 1767.) 
 
 RECORD BY JOHN STRONG. 
 
 "Att a town meting Legally warned and Holden. Chosen Mr. John Marsh 
 Moderater. Chosen John Strong Town Clark. Chosen Christifer Peas, John 
 Marsh Israel GiUett Select Men. Chosen Liomy Udael constable, Elezur Robin- 
 son, Benjamen Burch Benajah Strong, survaors of hiway. WUUam Bramble 
 John Bennet, Granjury men. 
 
 Voted to BUd a Brig over warter quechy river nere the sawmUl and do it as 
 hiway work, and voted that AbU Marsh should be oversere about giting the 
 timber ■end bulding said Bryge." 
 
 RECORD BY JOHN STRONG AND ELIJAH. 
 
 "At a town meting LegaUy warn and holden on the 13 day of March A D 1770 
 Chosen John Marsh Modratur. 
 
 Chosen John Strong Town Clark. 
 
 Chosen John Marsh and Cristefer Peas and Elijah Strong, Select Men. Chosen 
 Elezer Robinson constable. Chosen Danl Pinneo and John Marsh survaours of 
 the highway. Chosen David Bliss and WUUam Brambel Tihing men. 
 
48 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Voted that the Rode from the contry Rode that goes up and down Conneotticut 
 River Begining nere White river, and Runing from to Pomfret shold be four 
 Rods wide. 
 
 Voted that John Marsh, Cristefer Peas and Elijah Strong shold be a comite to 
 olter the Rodes where theay want oltering and Lay out Rodes where theay are 
 wanting and estabelish those that the Proprietors comite Laid out and to make 
 there Retorn of theare Doings by the second day of April next. Voted that this 
 meting shold be adjourned till the second Tusday of April at one of the clock in 
 the after noon at the Dweliug hous of Oristofer Peas, and the meeting was 
 adjurned." 
 
 (Note. — The next two meetings were held in the house of Christopher Pease, 
 but no business was transacted excepting voting to adjoui-n.) 
 
 RECORD BY JOHN STRONG. 
 
 "Att a Town meting Legally worned and held att Mr. Benajah Sti-ong in 
 Hartford on the 12 day of March 1771. Chosen Mr. Abel Marsh Modurater, 
 chosen John Strong town dark. Chosen Lt Israel Gillitt and Abel Marsh, and 
 Lione Udel Select men. Chosen Elezer Robinson and Thomas Woodard con- 
 stables. 
 
 Chosen Thomas Saveg and Thomas Miner, Henry "Woodward and Lyne Udel 
 svirvaers of hihway. Chosen John Strong, Abel Marsh and Lyone Udel a 
 comite for to Lay out an alter highways where theay are wanted in said town of 
 Hartford. Voted to make a publick pond between the Dwelen hous of Mr. 
 Cristofer Peas and John Strong. Voted to hold the metings for the futer at 
 Benajah Strong." 
 
 "Att a Town Meting Legally warned and Holden on the 10 day of March A D 
 1773, att the DweUng Hous of Elijah Strong in Hartford, in the Contt op Cum- 
 berland AND Province of New York. 
 
 Maid choice of Danel Pinneo, Moderator. 
 
 Maid Choice of Jolm Sti'ong, Town Glarck. 
 
 Chosen Danel Pinneo, Lione Udael and Elisha Marsh, Towns men. Chosen 
 Danel Pinneo, and Wm. Bramble, Constabels. Choesen John Strong, Danel 
 Pinneo and Benjamin Burch, Comishenurs of hiways. 
 
 Chosen Israel Gillet, Danel Pinneo, Jonathan Biu-ch and Abel Marsh, Sur- 
 vaers of Hiways." 
 
 (Note. — The town was now under the jurisdiction of the New York govern- 
 ment, and most of the persons chosen to office at the last mentioned meeting 
 sided with the New York government during the memorable triangular contro- 
 versy between New York and New Hampsliire and Vermont.) 
 
 " At a Town Meting att. Elijah Strong's in Hartford on adj 3 Tusday of May, 
 A. D. 1772. 
 
 Chosen Benjamin Wright, Moderatur. Chosen John Strong, Town Glarck. 
 Chosen John Strong, Supervisor. Chosen Stephen Tilden and Lione Udel, Ses- 
 sors. Chosen Samuel Pese and Amos Robinson, Colecters. Benj. Wright and 
 Elisha Marsh Ovei-seers of the Poor. Abel Marsh, EUjah Sti-ong and Danel 
 Pinneo, Comisheners to Lay out hiways. Abel Marsh, John Mafsh, Thomas 
 Richardson, Israel Gillett and Danel Pinneo, Path Masters. Elisha Marsh and 
 Benj. Wright, fence viewers. Danel Pinneo, Israel Gillett, Joel Marsh and 
 Thomas Richason, Constables." 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 49 
 
 The next record relates to the measures taken by the proprietors to 
 secure Letters Patent from the New York government. Their efforts, 
 for some unknown reason, proved abortive. Nevertheless they ex- 
 pended a large sum of money in their efforts, and as I have already 
 stated, they borrowed money of Thomas Hazen for this purpose. 
 Oliver Willard of Hartland was employed by the proprietors as their 
 agent to obtain Letters Patent. In another portion of this history the 
 reader will find this subject elaborately treated. 
 
 " At a town meting Legally warned and held att Elijah Strong in Hartford, on 
 adj 9 day of July, A. D. 1773. Maid chois of Mr. Stephen Tilden, Moderator for 
 sd meting, and all so maid Chois of Benjamin Wright, Stephen Tilden, John 
 Strong, John Bennet and Elisha Marsh a Comitity to seUd with Esq. Burch for 
 servis don for the Town of Hartford la Gooing to New York for them in order 
 to Settle with Esq. WUliurd and Petition for a Paten for said Town, and all so 
 to Pay said Burch for it and to settle with Mr. Joshua Hazen for his troble Don 
 for said Town Hartford. July ye 9, A. D. 1773." 
 
 (Note. — The remaiaiQg records were written by Amos Robinson.) 
 
 " At a Town meeting Legally warned, and held the 18 day of May, 1773, at 
 Elijah Strong's. 
 
 Chosen, Benjamin Wright, Moderator of said meeting. 
 
 Amos Robinson, Town Clerk. 
 
 Joel Marsh, Supervisor. Danel Pinneo and Abel Marsh, Assessors. David 
 Wright and Joshua Dewey, Collect'rs. 
 
 John Bennet and Christopher Pease, Overseers of ye poor. 
 
 Ehezer Robinson, Elisha Marsh and Joel Marsh, Commissioners of highways. 
 
 Joshua Hazzen, David Wright, Benajah Strong, Christopher Pease, Jr., and 
 Samuel Udel, Path-masters. 
 
 Benjamin Wright and Samuel Pease, fence viewers. 
 
 Eliezer Robinson, Benjamin Wright, Jr., Wm. Brambel and Benajah Strong, 
 Constables. 
 
 "Amos Robinson, John GiUet and Elisha Marsh, Poimd keepers." 
 
 At a meeting Legally warned and held the 17th day of May, 1774, at Elijah 
 Strong's. (Centre of the town. — Ed.) 
 
 Chosen Capt. Joseph Marsh, Moderator of said meeting. 
 
 Amos Robinson, Town Clerk and Treasurer. 
 
 Capt. Joseph Marsh, Supervisor. 
 
 Benjamin Wright, Jr., and John Marsh, Assessors.; 
 
 Christopher Pease, Jr., and Jonathan Bennet, Collectors. 
 
 Stephen Tilden and Capt. Joseph Marsh, Overseers of ye poor. 
 
 Jonathan Burtch, Esq., Benajah Strong and Benj. Wright, Jun., Com's of 
 highways. 
 
 Mitchell Clark, Alexander Brink, Solomon Strong, Thomas Richai-dson and 
 Johsua Dewey, Surveyers of highways. 
 
 Jonathan Burtch, Esq., and Capt. Joseph Marsh, fence Viewers. 
 
 Solomon Strong, Sealer of Measures. 
 
50 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Eleizer Robinson, Benjamin Wright, Jr., Wni. Bramble, Benajah Sti'ong, 
 Constables. 
 
 Voted to Build a Pound at the head of Amos Robinson's Lane' in ye corner 
 joining to Dea. Benjamin Wright on the west side of the country road. Amos 
 Robinson to buUd ye pound. Voted to buUd a pound near ye Bridge by Esq. 
 Burtch's, in the most convenient place. Esq. Burtch to buld ye pound. Amos 
 Robinson and Jonathan Burtch Esq. Pound-keepers. Voted to build a Meeting 
 house, etc." 
 
 (Note. — The reader is referred to the Ecclesiastical portion of this history for 
 a complete record of action taken by the town concerning the building of a 
 meeting-house at the centre of the town. — Editor.) 
 
 At the next annual meeting, held in the house of Widow Ruth 
 Strong on Tuesday, May 16, 1775, the following town ofiScers were 
 elected : 
 
 " Jonathan Burtch, moderator ; Amos Robinson, Clerk and Treasurer ; Jona- 
 than Burtch, Supervisor ; Amos Robinson and Jonathan Burtch, Assessors ; 
 John Bennet and Samuel Udall, Collectors ; Stephen TUden, and Capt. Joseph 
 Marsh, Overseers of the poor ; Alex. Brink and Amos Robinson and Jonathan 
 Burtch, Commissioners to lay out highways ; Alex. Brink, Stephen Tilden, 
 John GUlett, Solomon Strong, Benjamin Burtch, Abel Marsh and Newbuiy 
 Edde, Surveyors of liighways ; Capt. Joseph Marsh and Jonathan Burtch, 
 Fence Viewers ; Benj., Wright, Jr., Daniel Pinneo, Benajah Strong and Joshua 
 Dewey, Constables ; Solomon Strong, Sealor of Weights and Measures ; Amos 
 Robinson, Stephen Tilden, and Benajah Strong a committee to take care of the 
 School lands and rent them out." 
 
 " At a legal meeting held at the house of the Widow Ruth Strong, on Thurs- 
 day ye 1st day of June 1775, Chose Capt. Joseph Marsh, moderator. Chose 
 Amos Robinson a delegate to go to Westminster, Vt. Voted that each man pay 
 his equal proportion of the expenses of sending Delegates to Westminster. 
 
 Voted to treat any man with Neglect and Contempt that refuses to pay his 
 proportion of said expenses." 
 
 " At a legal meeting held at the house of Widow Ruth Strong, on Monday ye 
 19th day of June, 1775. Chose Capt. Joseph Marsh, Moderator ; Joel Marsh to 
 be Captain, Benjamin Wright, Jr., Lieut., Alexander Brink, Insign to a com- 
 pany of MUitia. Chose Capt. Joseph Marsh, Joel Marsh, Stephen Tilden, Amos 
 Robinson, and Joshua Hazen to be a Committee of Safety for ye Town." 
 
 "At a meeting legally warned and held at the house of the Widow Ruth 
 Strong, on ye 30th Nov. 1775 : 
 
 Voted to comply with the request of the Provincial Congress in choosing men 
 to represent this county at the Honorable Provincial Congress at New York. 
 Voted to raise by tax the sum of 4 pds. 17 s. 6 p. 
 
 Voted — that the assessors chosen last May make up the bUl, also that the 
 collectors chosen last May collect the same. 
 
 Chose Capt. Joseph Marsh, Stephen Tilden and Joel Marsh a committee to 
 
 ' Amos Robinson lived at tlie foot of the lane leading to tlie ferry crossing on 
 Connecticut river, a short distance south of the mouth of White river, and near the 
 present residence of Alonzo B. Nutt, at White River Junction. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 51 
 
 treat with Amos Robinson and with Lebanon about the road and ferry. This 
 meeting is dismist." 
 
 "At a meeting Legally warned and held at the house of the Widow Rutli 
 Strong on Monday the 6th day of May, 1776, for the electiug town officers. 
 Chosen, Capt. Joseph Marsh Moderator. 
 
 Amos Robinson Clerk and Treasurer; Joshua Hazen and Abel Marsh assessors; 
 Joel Marsh and Thomas Hazzen Overseers of the Poor; John GriUet and Levi 
 Demmon, Collectors; Stephen Tilden, Joshua Hazzen, and Elisha Marsh, com- 
 missioners of highways; Jolm Bennet and John GiUit Fence Viewers; David 
 Wright and Asa Hazen, Constables; Solomon Strong, Sealer of Weights and 
 Measures; Thomas Hazzen, Sealer of Leather; Stephen Tilden, Joel Marsh, 
 Joshua Hazzen, Abel Marsh and Amos Robinson, Committee of Safety; David 
 Bliss, Simon Chapman, Samuel Webster, Joel Marsh, Levi Demmon, John 
 Bennet, Jr., Samuel Udel and Amos Robinson, surveyors of highways. 
 
 Voted — for the commissioners to lay out a road to meet with Lebanon at the 
 Potash so-called." 
 
 "At a meeting of the Inhabitants of the Town of Hartford at the house of the 
 Widow Ruth Strong on Saturday the 13th day of July, 1776. Chosen Capt. Abel 
 Marsh Moderator. 
 
 Voted, that the Town take the ammunition that the committee pm chased at 
 Connecticut, into their care as Town Stock. 
 
 Chosen, Capt. Abel MEirsh, to take care of the ammunition. 
 
 Voted, that Maj. Joel Marsh, Stephen Tilden and Samuel Udel be a committee 
 to give obligations to Capt. Marsh and Maj. Griswold for the ammunition. 
 
 Voted, that said committee proportion an assessment on the inhabitants for 
 the payment of the ammunition, and give a bill to the constables to collect. 
 
 Voted, that Capt. Marsh 'deal out one pound of powder to each soldier belong- 
 ing to this town that is gone or is going to Royalton, and lead and flints pro- 
 portionable to the stock, and half pound powder and flints proportionable to the 
 stock, to each man in town that has a gun. 
 
 Voted, that if any man wastes or any way disposes of any of his ammunition 
 drawn or to be drawn out of the town stock he shall pay after the rate of two 
 dollars per pound, and shall be held up to publick vew as an enemy to his country ! 
 
 (Note. The records of the next meeting, held Feb. 7th, 1771, relate to small- 
 pox, and are quoted at length in another portion of this work. Also the record 
 of a meeting held March 17th, 1777, concerning the same matter.) 
 
 " At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Hartford on the 13th day of 
 March, 1777, at the dweUing-house of Solomon Strong. 
 
 Chosen, Mr. Elkanah Sprague, moderator. 
 
 Chosen, Amos Robinson and Joel Marsh, delegates to go to Windsor the 19th 
 inst. to show the minds of the people with regard to making money in the new 
 State. 
 
 Voted— that the delegates have the following instructions, viz. : that they pro- 
 test against emitting a bank of money in the new State until we are known and 
 estabUshed to be a State by the Honorable the Continental Congress, Meeting 
 dissolved." 
 
 " At a meeting legally warned and held at the house of Solomon Strong on 
 Tuesday the 1st day of AprU, 1777. 
 
52 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Chosen, Col. Joseph Marsh, moderator; Amos Robinson, clerk and treasurer; 
 Lieut. Joshua Hazzen andMaj. JoeJ Marsh, County Committee ; Amos Robinson, 
 Col. Jos. Marsh, Stephen Tilden, Capt. Abel Marsh and Lieut. Israel GiUit, Town 
 Committee; Capt. Abel Marsh, Lieut. Joshua Hazzen, and Benjamin "Wright, Jr. 
 Commissioners of Highways ; John GiUit, Joel Marsh, Thomas Emerson, EUsha 
 Marsh, Daniel Pinneo, Benj. Wright, David Bliss and Jonathan Bennet, Sur- 
 veyors of Highways; Benjamin Wright, Jr., Thomas Tracy, Fence Vewers , 
 Solomon Strong, Sealer of Weights and Measures, Thomas Hazzen, Sealer of 
 Leather ; Mitchel Clark and Elisha Marsh, Pound Keepers ; Wm. Bramble and 
 David Wright, Constables ; SUas Hazzen and Andrew Tracy, Collectors ; Joel 
 Marsh, Daniel Pinneo and Joshua Hazzen, Assessors. 
 
 Voted — To make sale of the ammunition that Capt. Marsh and Maj. Griswold 
 purchased for us at Coimecticut. Capt. Marsh to make sale of the same. 
 
 Voted — to raise by tax twenty poimds to defray the charges of the supervisors 
 and county committees going to Westminster, and the charge of the Royalton 
 department which was our quota to pay. Voted to dismiss this meeting." 
 
 " At a meeting legally warned and held at the house of Solomon Strong on 
 Monday the 33rd day of June 1777. 
 
 Chosen, Benjamin Wright, moderator. 
 
 Voted — To send two delegates to Windsor to attend a General Convention the 
 3rd day of July next. 
 
 Chosen, Col. Joseph Marsh and Joshua Hazzen, delegates. 
 
 Voted — That we do authorize and impower Col. Joseph Marsh and Lieut. 
 Joshua Hazzen to join with the delegates from the other towns in the State of 
 Vermont that are chosen to meet at Windsor on the 8rd day of July next to 
 draw the outhnes of Government. 
 
 Voted unmiimously, that we will join to be a New State on the New Hampshire 
 Grants ! " 
 
 At a town meeting legally warned and held at tlie house of Solomon 
 Strong on Thursday, the 9th day of April, 1778, to give in their votes 
 for a Judge 'of Probate and to choose town officers for the year ensu- 
 ing:— 
 
 Chosen — Governor Joseph Marsh, moderator. 
 
 Amos Robinson, Town clerk and Ti-easurer. 
 Lieut. Thomas Tracy, Ensign Elkanah Sprague and Benj Wright, Select Men. 
 Daniel Pinneo and Sergt. Joshua Dewey, constables. 
 Christopher Pease and John Bennet, Grand jurors. 
 
 Jno. Gillett, Andrew Tracy, Phin's Strong, George Smith, Benaiah Strong, 
 Joshua Dewey, Sam'l Pease, Asa Emerson & Jno. Bennet, Surveyors of high- 
 ways. 
 Benj Wright Jr. and John Bennet Jr. , Fence viewers. 
 Amos Robinson, Asa Emerson & Asa Hazzen, Listers. 
 Joshua Dewey and Daniel Pinneo, Collectors. 
 Phineas Strong and Samuel Webster Sealers of leather. 
 Andrew Ti-acy and Capt. Abel Marsh Tithingmen (sworn) 
 John Rennet and Benjamin Birch, Hog howai'ds. 
 Solomon Strong & Amos Robinson, Sealers of measurs, (sworn) 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 53 
 
 Abel Marsh and John Bennett, deer reafs, (sworns.) 
 
 David Brewster, Brander of horses. (Sworn) 
 
 Mitchel Clark and Elisha Marsh, Pound Keepers (sworn) 
 Voted that a town book of records be purchased and the purchaser paid out of 
 the town treasury. 
 
 LAST EEPOET IN THE PAMPHLET. 
 
 At a Town meeting Legally warned and held at the DweUing house of Solomon 
 Strong on Monday ye 27th day of May 1778— 
 
 Chosen, Hon. Joseph Marsh, Moderator. 
 
 Voted- — That the Select men should serve as a Committee of Safety for the 
 Town the year ensuing and to chuse two more to serve with y'm as a Com'tee of 
 Safety & Inspection. 
 
 Chosen — Capt. Abel Marsh and Mr. Thomas Emmerson, s'd Com'tee. 
 
 Chosen. Mr. Elisha Marsh Constable & Collector in the room of Sai-g't 
 Joshua Dewey which the Town releast. 
 
 Voted To procure a parchment to Draw a plan of the Town upon. 
 
 Voted To chuse a Com'ttee to Survey every Lot in Town to mark out the lines 
 & to make or set up Monuments at each comer of every Lot. 
 
 Chosen Mr. Benajah Sti-ong & Lieut. Israel Grillit to be said Com'tee. 
 
 Voted That Esq Hatch of Norwich be the Survair. 
 
 Voted To raise one Hundred & fifty pounds by Tax to defray the expence of 
 surveying the Town and other Town charges. 
 
 Voted That any man that pays the Com'tee or Surveyor & takes their receipt, 
 it shall annul so much of their rate. 
 
 Voted To dismiss this meeting." — Amos Robinson, Clerk. 
 
 The foregoing records, covering a period of nearly seventeen years, 
 are all that we have left of our town records for a space of nearly forty- 
 one years — a blank space of nearly twenty-four years in the history of 
 the town ! Nearly a century has since elapsed and not one of the old- 
 est inhabitants of the town now living retains even a dim remembrance 
 of the events that transpired ninety years ago, otherwise than as they 
 learned of them from the lips of their elders. 
 
 This pamphlet book of records contained the registration of about 
 125 different ear marks, used by as many stock owners to distinguish 
 their cattle, sheep and hogs, all of which were permitted to roam at 
 large, and could not be identified when found except by special marks. 
 As an illustration of the manner of marking then in use, I quote the 
 following, viz: 
 
 " Thomas Savage's ear mark, — a slanting crop of the right ear. 
 Philemon Hazen — ear mark: a half penny under side of the left ear. 
 Josiah TUden — ear mark: two slits in the end of right ear. 
 Thomas Hazen, ear mark: a slit in the end of right ear. 
 
 James Tracy, ear mark: a square crop of the left ear and a slit in the end of the 
 right. 
 
54 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Asa Hazen, ear mark: a squai-e crop of each ear and a slit in the end of the 
 right ear. 
 
 David Newton, ear mark; a slanting crop at the under side of each ear. 
 
 Stephen TUden Jr., ear mark: a half penny upper side of the right ear. 
 
 Israel Gillet, ear mark: a square crop of the right ear. 
 
 Joshua Hazen, ear mark: a crop of right ear and a slit on under side of same. 
 
 Christopher Pease, ear mark: a half crop under side of left ear, and a slot 
 under side same. 
 
 Joseph Marsh, ear mark: a crop off each ear and a slit under the left. 
 
 Nathaniel Dutton, ear mark: two half pennys on the under side of the right eai\ 
 
 Juniah Chapman, ear mark: a swallow's taU in the end of the right ear. 
 
 The present system of marking is to puncture one ear of the animal 
 and insert a narrow strip of metal on -which the owner's name is 
 stamped, and also numbers, from one upwards as desired, and these 
 strips of galvanized metal are clamped secarely, and no irritation fol- 
 lows. 
 
 APPLICATION TO NEW YOKE FOK LETTERS PATENT. 
 
 Hartford has been erroneously classed with those townships granted 
 by Gov. Wentworth, that were subsequently confirmed by Letters 
 Patent under the great seal of New York. It is true that some of the 
 proprietors of this township made several applications, in the form of 
 petitions, to the New York governors for Letters Patent, but, for some 
 reason not explained in the proprietors' records, nor spread upon those 
 of the New York provincial government, they failed to secure a patent. 
 
 The first allusion to the New York government, found in the pro- 
 prietors' records is contained in the warning for the second meeting 
 held within the township, which is as follows, viz. : 
 
 " These are to Notefy the proprietors of the township of Hartford 
 Leatly Chartered by the Governor and Counsel of Newhamshier, Now 
 Seeded to Newyork, that they meet att the house of mr. Elijah Strong 
 in sd Hartford on monday the twelth day of August next at ten of the 
 Clock in the forenoon.'' The third article in the warning is as follows, 
 viz. : " Also, to see what they will Do on account of appling to his 
 Excelency the Governor of Newyork in order to obtain a grant of sd 
 township." This warning was dated " July ye 16, 1765." The record 
 of the proceedings of the meeting so warned contains nothing relating 
 to the said article in the warning. 
 
 According to the records, this subject was next considered and acted 
 upon September 4th, 1772, when Thomas Hazzen and Stephen Tilden 
 were chosen as agents to represent the affairs of the proprietors before 
 his Excellency the Governor of New York. The next warning for a 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 55 
 
 proprietors' meeting is very conspicuously headed, "Province of New 
 York, Oct. 12, 1772." At the meeting held pursuant to the said warn- 
 ing, the proprietors voted as follows : 
 
 " That we will give one thousand acres of land att the northwest 
 corner of the town for the money Mr. Joshua Hazzen hired for us in 
 order to settil with Esq. "Willard for his servis att Newyork." 
 
 On the 17th of November, 1761, the proprietors voted to sequester 
 1500 acres lying in the northwest corner of the township, in a square 
 body to lie to make those proprietors good or equal who should not 
 draw as good lots as the proprietors in general. It appears that some 
 of the proprietors questioned the propriety of diverting this land from 
 such use and giving it to Mr. Hazzen. This division of sentiment de- 
 layed the settlement with Mr. Hazzen. In the meantime the matter of 
 compensating him for his services in going to New York was settled on 
 the 9th of May, 1773, by the following vote : 
 
 " That we will give Mr. Thomas Hazzen the privlidge of pitching his 
 undivided land, and sixty acres more, if he or his son Asa will procure 
 a deed of sixty acres of any other proprietor, &c." 
 
 The sixty acres were secured, and on the 30th of May, 1781, Mr. 
 Hazzen pitched 560 acres in one body, bordering on Norwich line and 
 adjoining the 1000 acres which he subsequently received from the pro- 
 prietors. On the 12th of May, 1773, the proprietors passed the follow- 
 ing vote, viz. : 
 
 " That we will let Mr. Thomas Hazzen have one thousand acres of 
 land lying in a square body at the northwest corner of the town for the 
 money his son Joshua hired for us. 
 
 That the present proprietors' clerk shall give a deed of the above 
 voted land to Mr. Thomas Hazzen, in the name and behalf of the pro- 
 prietors upon his son Joshua giving up all his obligations to the clerk 
 that he has upon some of the propi'ietors." 
 
 (Note. — The deed executed by Elijah Strong, the proprietors' clerk, on the 
 14th of May, 1773, conveying to Thomas Hazzen the 1000 acres of land voted to 
 him May 12, 1773, is recorded in Vol. 1, page 63, of the proprietor's land records. 
 The conveyance was made in Rockingham County, N. H., and acknowledged 
 before Beza Woodward, a Justice of the Peace. Thomas Hazzen then resided in 
 Woodbury, Litchfield Coimty, Connecticut. On the 20th of August, 1781, Mr. 
 Hazzen deeded the said 1000 acres together with the 560 acres voted to him May 
 9, 1778, to twelve of his sixteen children, giving to each 120 acres, with a 
 reservation of a like quantity for himself. The village of West Hartford is 
 located on the land thus acquired by Mr. Hazzen. In 1776, Mr. Hazzen made 
 an additional pitch of 576 acres in the second division of fifty-acre lots, which 
 will be found recorded in Book A, page 1, of the records made of the surveys 
 of pitches. His subsequent purchases and pitches, prior to 1787, amounted 
 to fully 500 acres, giving him the ownership of at least 2600 acres of land, 
 or nearly one-tenth part of the whole town. His sons owned nearly 1000 
 acres. Mr. Hazzen moved into Hartford about the year 1785, and settled on the 
 farm on which his greatgrandson, Charles D. Hazen now lives,, and there lived 
 the remainder of his life.) 
 
56 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 EFFOHTS TO OBTAIN LETTERS PATENT FROM NEW YORK. 
 
 In 1772, the proprietors sent one of their number, Jonathan Burch, 
 Esq., to New York to effect a settlement with Oliver Willard, Esq., for 
 his services in behalf of the proprietors, and also to petition the New 
 York government for Letters Patent for the town. Mr. Burch carried 
 the New Hampshire charter belonging to the town with him. He failed 
 to secure the coveted Letters Patent, but, as the sequel shows, left the 
 charter in the hands of the New York authorities, or otherwise unau- 
 thorizedly disposed of it. On the 22d of May, 1773, the proprietors 
 instructed their clerk to " send to New York to get the charter carried 
 there by Jonathan Burtch." The'effort proved.unsuccessful. 
 
 The foregoing comprises all that is contained in the records proper 
 concerning the efforts made by the proprietors of Hartford to obtain 
 Letters Patent from the New York government, or, in other words, to 
 comply with the arbitrary mandates and requirements imposed by that 
 government upon the inhabitants on the New Hampshire grants west 
 of Connecticut River, following upon the first order of King George in 
 1764. I have, however, discovered a memorandum record made by 
 Amos Robinson, which relates to the loss of the charter and the efforts 
 made by the proprietors to recover it. The record is as follows : 
 
 "Province of New York, Cumberland County, ) 
 Hartford, 30th August, 1773. \ 
 At a meeting of the proprietors' committy of the Township of Hartford. We 
 ye said committy in behalf of the proprietors, Request and Desire that Amos 
 Robinson make a Demand on Jonathan Burch, Esq., for the charter of the Town- 
 ship of Hartford, Granted by His Excellency Berming Wentworth, Esq., that he 
 the said Burch, hath taken away from ye proprietors and neglects to Return it 
 again: — that he forthwith deUver it into the hands of him ye sd Robinson whom 
 we Constitute and appoint to receive the same as ye said Burch will answer his 
 neglect at the peril of the Law: — as witness our hands 
 
 Proprietors' Com'ty, 
 John Bennett, 
 Stephen Tilden, 
 Israel Gillett. 
 
 On the back of the document is the following endorsement : — ■ 
 
 "31st Aug. 1773. — Then made a demand of the within named Burch, in his 
 hearing for the within mentioned charter, in the hearing of Oliver Willard and 
 Amasa Wright. 
 
 Test for me Amos Robinson." 
 
 The charter was not recovered ; therefore, at a meeting of the pro- 
 prietors held on the second Wednesday of March, 1803, Amos Robin- 
 son, Esq., was chosen " a committee to apply to Mr. Marion to obtain a 
 copy of the charter from the Secretary of New Hampshire." 
 
 The promulgation of the decree making the western bank of the 
 Connecticut river the boundary line between the provinces of New 
 Hampshire and New York, circumscribed the jurisdiction of the gov- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 57 
 
 ernor of New Hampshire, and left the grantees of the soil west of Con- 
 necticut river within the jurisdiction of the New York government. 
 " The grantees soon found themselves involved in a dispute with the 
 government of New York. Prom the words to be, in the royal declar- 
 ation, two very opposite conclusions were drawn. The government 
 supposed them to refer to the time past, and construed them as a dec- 
 laration that the river always had been the eastern limits of New 
 York ; consequently, that the grants made by the governor of New 
 Hampshire, were invalid, and that the land might be granted again. 
 The grantees understood the words in the future tense, as declaring 
 Connecticut river from that time to be the line of jurisdiction only, be- 
 tween the two provinces ; consequently that their grants, being derived 
 from the crown, through the medium of one of its governors, were 
 valid. To the jurisdiction they would have quietly submitted had no 
 attempt been made to wrest from them their possessions." ' 
 
 The New York government ignored the opinions and declarations 
 of the grantees, concerning their rights under the New Hampshire 
 charters, and not only demanded that the grantees should deliver up 
 their titles derived from New Hampshire and obtain re-grants of the 
 same land from New York, as a confirmation of their titles, but refused 
 to make re-grants of the same lands to the original proprietors and oc- 
 cupants, unless at the rate of exorbitant fees. 
 
 The first uprising in the New Hampshire grants against the govern- 
 ment of New York, originated in the towns west of the mountain. 
 The inhabitants east of the mountain, though greatly embarassed at 
 the prospects before them, deemed discretion the better part of valor, 
 and acceeded to the requirements of the government of New York, by 
 relinquishing their New Hampshire charters, and purchasing, for a stip- 
 ulated consideration, Letters Patent under the great seal of the Pro- 
 vince of New York, and thus secured exemption from the hardships, 
 troubles and outrages experienced by those who ignored the authority 
 of New York and resisted the efforts of the land-jobbers to oust them 
 from their lands. A passive acquiescence was the only policy that 
 could have been safely adopted by the inhabitants of such towns as 
 Hartford, Woodstock and many others in Cumberland county, in each 
 of which, at that time, the number of inhabitants liable to do military 
 duty was so small, ^nd their means of defence so limited, they could 
 not have resisted even a corporal's guard. 
 
 It is evident from the proprietors' records, already quoted, that the 
 proprietors of the town of Hartford failed in their frequent attempts 
 
 'Belknap's History of New Hampshire, p. 326. 
 
58 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 to obtain a confirmation of their titles (acquired under their New 
 Hampshire charters) by Letters Patent issued by the New York gov- 
 ernment. The evidence of the steps that were taken by the proprietors 
 to secure Letters Patent, is found in the Department of Manuscripts in 
 the New York State Library, and consists of certificates, and petitions 
 made by the proprietors, and inhabitants of the townships, and pre- 
 sented in their behalf to the New York government, by Oliver Wil- 
 lard, Esq., and Jonathan"Burtch, Esq., 'together with records of the 
 action taken concerning the same by the New York government. 
 Copies of all the documents pertaining to this matter, now on file in 
 the New York State Library, will be quoted in the next chapter begin- 
 ning with a certificate which preceded other papers in date.^ 
 
 ' The discovery of the order given by Ae proprietors, committeej to[^Amos Robin- 
 son, " to demand of Jonathan Burtch, Esq., the return of the charter of the town- 
 ship, etc., etc.," removed all doubt concerning the failure of the proprietors and in- 
 habitants to procure Letters Patent. They could not have succeeded without first 
 giving up their New Hampshire charter. Success would, therefore, have debarred 
 them from the privilege of regaining possession of said charter. 
 
 " In order to preserve tangible and important evidence of what was done by the 
 proprietors and inhabitants to obtain re-grants, or Letters Patent, from the New 
 York government, I shall here introduce copies of manuscript now on file in the 
 Department of Historical manuscripts, in the New York State Library, in Albany. 
 These documents are long and somewhat desultory, but as they are important to 
 lay the case authentically before the reader they shall be given in their own words. 
 1 will say that no record of a Patent for Hartford can be found, nor the New Hamp- 
 shire charter, of the township. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 CERTiriOATE BY THE PROPRIETORS' COMMITTEE. 
 
 These May Certifie all Persons, whome it may Consern, that The 
 Proprietors of Hartford which was supposed to be in the Province of 
 New Hampshear, which now Apears to belong to New York Province 
 Have Been at the Charge and Treble in Giting Said Township and Set- 
 ting the Same Which Amount to the Perticulers following, (viz) : To 
 Taxes Granted and made to Procure the Charter of said Township, 
 Survaying the same and Laying out Lands in said Township Thre 
 Pounds Lawfull Money on Each Proprietors Eights and Equal Shear 
 bing 64 in the Number which Amounts in the whole to £192.00.0. 
 
 Also they have Holden Eleven Proprietors Meatings Allowing but 
 Fifty to be Present at a Meating at the moderate Computation of five 
 Shillings a Peace to Each Proprietor for Each Time for his Time Travil 
 and Expence Amounts to £131.10.0. 
 
 Likewise they did in the year 1761 Lay out one fifty acres Lott to 
 Each Proprietor and Distributed them to the said Proprietors to Each 
 one Lott and have them Eecord to Each to hold in Severalty. Also in 
 the Tear 1763 they Did Survay and Lay out said Township By Runing 
 Round the same and making Proper bound at the Corners and in the 
 Line Every mile between said Corners, Then Laid out and Maid Proper 
 allowances for Most of the NeedfuU Highways in said Town, Then 
 Laid out 68 Hundread acres Lotts in said Town, Some of which are 
 now Taken up and Improved on, The others Lay Ready for those who 
 will Go on and Improve 
 
 The fore Going Facts are True Extracts from the Proprietors Rec- 
 ords. Attest ; Prince Tracy Proprietors Clerk. 
 
 Also these may ferther Certifie that In the Sumer 1763 There was 
 Ten Persons which Entered on the said Town and Laboured in the 
 same the said Sumer And in the year 1761 There was four Persons have 
 moved on the said Town with ther famelys and there Dwells Ever since 
 And the said Ten Continue to Improve the said Second Sumer : others 
 Did Enter on: and this Present Spring 10 more have gone on to 
 Improve : and about 10 others Intend to Go Imeduately. 
 
 Dated at Lebanon in ye Colony of Connecti cut May ye 7th 1765 
 
 Attest 
 
 PRINCE TRACY ) Propritors 
 
 JAMES PINNEO V 
 
 JONATHAN MARSH ) Comtee 
 
 The Names of the Persons who now Own the Several Rights of Land 
 "Which was Chartere to the origanal Proprietors of Hartford by the 
 Gover nr of New Hamp Shear as Neare as we are able to Informe, Are 
 as foUoweth "(viz) : 
 
60 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Prince Tracy on his origanal E'ght 
 
 Jonathan Martin Assignee to Joseph Martin 
 
 Mosess Hebard, Assignee to Eleazer Hebard 
 
 Thomas Tracy on his own Right 
 
 Elijah Bingham, Ditto 
 
 Sarah Flint, Ditto 
 
 Elijah Prink, Assignee to Daniel Eedington 
 
 Elijah Dewey, Assignee to Gideon Bingham 
 
 Solomon Lord, Assignee to Eleazer Pitch 3d 
 
 Joseph PoUet on his own Right 
 
 John Spencer Junr on his one Right 
 
 John Hill, Assignee on half the Right of Jeduthan Simons 
 
 James Pinneo Janior Assignee to Hez Huntington 
 
 Elijah Strong, Assignee to Nathan Clark 
 
 John Baldwin, on his one Right 
 
 John Baldwin Assignee to I. ? Flint 
 
 John Baldwin, Assignee to John Roundey 
 
 John Baldwin Junr, on his own Right 
 
 Hezekiah Spencer, Assignee to Elisha Wright 
 
 John Bennit, Assignee to Benjamin Whitney also to Elisha Dubldee 
 
 Elijah Bebben on his own Right 
 
 Solomon Strong, Assignee to Joshua Pomeroy 
 
 Benajah Strong, Assignee to Daniel Pomroy 
 
 The Heirs of George Smith Assignee to Daniel Newcomb. 
 
 Jonathan Avery Junr, Assignee to Jonathan Martin Junr. 
 
 Samuel Terry Junr, on his own Right 
 
 Samuel Terry on his own Right 
 
 Aaron Fish on his own Right 
 
 Benjamin Wright on his own Eight, also Benjamin Wright Junr 
 Assignee to William Clark 
 
 Ebenezer Gillet on his own Right (also Assignee to Gideon Hebard) 
 
 Epherim Terry on his own Right 
 
 William Clark, Assignee to Silas Phelps 
 
 Stephen Tilldin Junir, Assignee to Samuel Porter 
 
 Nathan Waldow on his own Right 
 
 Sam'll Williams on his own Right 
 
 Silas Sprague, Assignee to Nathaniel Warner 
 
 Nathaniel Holbrook Junr on his own Right 
 
 Rowland Powel Junr on his own Right 
 
 Christopher Pees Assignee to James Newcomb 
 
 Oliver Bruster on his own Right 
 
 Jonathan Marsh, Assignee to Caleb Howard 
 
 John Marsh, Assignnee to Caleb Owen 
 
 Jedidiah Strong, Assignee to Eliphalet Phelps, also to Joshua 
 Wight junr 
 
 Noah Dewey, Assignee to Elias Princ 
 
 William Bramble, Assignee to William Yongs 
 
 Daniel Downer, Half Assignee to Jeduthan Simons 
 
 PRINCE TRACT ) Proprietors 
 
 JONATHAN MARSH l 
 JAMES PINNEO Junr ) Comtee 
 
HISTORY OP HAETFORD. 61 
 
 The Names of those Proprietors which were in the Charter, which 
 Belonged to Hamp Shear His Exelency Bening Wentworth Esqr Eights 
 
 Williani Temple 
 Joseph Newmarch Esqr 
 Thomas Bell Esq 
 William Alld 
 Daniel "Werner Esqr 
 Joseph Blanchard 
 Samuel Wiatworth 
 Jonathan Comings 
 Da'd Newcomb 
 
 These may Oertifie all Persons 
 whom it may Consern that 
 those Persons whos names 
 Stand against these have Never 
 paid into the Treasury of All 
 the Taxes Assessed on them in 
 the whole but Twelve Shillings 
 As Appears by the Treasurers 
 Accompts. Test : Prince Tracy 
 
 Proprietors Treasurer 
 
 (Endorsed) 
 
 Paper from the 
 Township of Hartford 
 No. 2 
 Hartford 
 (also in different hand :) 
 
 Hartford Eecords 
 
 PETITION OF PEOPEIETOES AND INHABITANTS. 
 
 To the Honorable Cadwallader Golden, Esqr., Levtenant Governor 
 and Commander-in-Chief in and Over his Majesty's Province of New 
 York and the Territories their to Depending in America &C : 
 
 In Council, 
 The Petition of OUiver Willard in behalf of the Proprietors and In- 
 habitants of the Township of Hartford 
 
 Humbly Sheweth 
 
 That their is a Certain Tract of Land now lying in this Province, late- 
 ly called by the name of Hartford, Beginning (on the Banks of Connec- 
 ticutt River) at the North East Corner of the Township of Hartford 
 and from thence Extends up the Eiver to the South East Corner of 
 Norwich, from thence Extends Westerly, until the full Contents of six 
 Miles Square is Included, as the Charter and Plan of said Township 
 may appear Eeference thereto [SIC ?], that your Petitioners are the 
 sole Proprietors of the same. That there is Thirty Inhabitants now in 
 Actuell Possession of said Township, — that they hold the same under 
 the Great Seal of the Province of New Hampshire ; That they supposed 
 their Title to be good until a Eesolve of the King and his Majesty's 
 Privy Council Came to hand ordering the West Connecticutt Eiver to 
 be the Boundary Lines between this Province and the Province of New 
 Hampshire. That they are Desireous to scure their Properties, Posses- 
 sions and Improvements by Obtaining a Grant of the same under the 
 Seal of this Province. Tour Petitioners therefore who have been at a 
 great Expence in Purchasing, Survaying, Dividing and Improving said 
 Land, humbly Prays, that in Consideration of these Cause, that your 
 Honours, will be Pleased by his Majesty's Letters Pattent to Grant unto 
 your Petitioners their Heirs and Assigns forever, the aforesaid Lands, 
 the number of Acres mentioned in their Grant from New Hampshire, 
 on such Terms as your Honours shall think Just and that the same 
 erected into a Township by the name of Hartford and that the same be 
 
63 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 Invested with such Powers and Priviledges as other Towns in this 
 Province have and enjoy. 
 
 And your Petitioners as in 
 Daty Bound shall ever Pray 
 New York 31st of October 1765 
 
 (Endorsed) OL'E "WILLAED 
 
 1765 
 
 Petition of the 
 
 Township of 
 
 Hartford 
 
 No. 60 
 
 Hartford 
 
 1766 November 12. 
 Eead and referred to a Com'ee 
 and reported and granted to 
 the Original Grantees except 
 4 Shares and the usual Reserva- 
 tion for publick Uses. 
 
 4th Nov'br, 1V65. 
 
 PETITION or GRANTEES, 1766. 
 
 To his Excellency Sir Henry Moore, Baronet, Captain General and 
 Governor-in Chief in and over the Province of New York and the Ter- 
 ritories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice-Admiral of 
 the same. 
 
 In Council. 
 
 The Humble Petition of Oliver Willard in behalf of the Proprietors 
 and Inhabitants of the Township of Hartford. 
 Humbly Sheweth, 
 
 That the Grant of the said Township of Hartford is advised to be 
 made in the Names of the several Original Patentees under New- 
 Hampshire or those claiming under them, amounting in the whole to 
 upwards of 50 Persons. 
 
 That the Granting of the said Lands in the Names of so many Per- 
 sons will as your Petitioner apprehends be attended with very great 
 Inconveniences which would be avoided by having the said Grant pass 
 in the Names of Twenty Persons, in which case your Petitioner is wil- 
 ling to enter into such Security as your Excellency shall think fit to 
 secure the Interests of the Grantees under the Grant of New-Hamp- 
 shire and those Claiming under them, upon the Like Terms as are 
 Expressed in the Minutes of Council relative to the Townships of Cav- 
 endish and Springfield. Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays, that 
 the Grant of the said Township may pass in the names of the several 
 Persons following to wit : Prince Tracy, Benjamin Wright, Benjamin 
 Burch, Joseph, Marsh, Benajah Strong, Elisha Marsh, John Baldwin, 
 John Bennet, Nathaniel Holbrook, Junior, Noah Dewey, Junior, Solo- 
 mon Strong, Jonathan Marsh, Amos Eobinson, Eufus Baldwin, Daniel 
 Pinneo, Elijah Strong, Ebenezer Gillet, Junior, Giles Alexander, Abel 
 Marsh and Zadock Wright. 
 
 And your Petitioner will pray &C. 
 
 S::emberm6.} OL'E WILLAED. 
 
 (Endorsed :) 17th December 1766 
 Petition of Oliver 
 Willard. 
 3d January 1767 Eead & granted 
 & the Entries of 12th Novr which lie 
 in Draft to be made conformable 
 to the prayer of the petition 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 63 
 
 RECORD OF COUNCIL. 
 
 At a Council held at Port George in the City of New York on Wed- 
 nesday the twelfth day of November 1776. 
 Present 
 His Excellency Sir Henry Moore, Baronet, Captain, General, etc. 
 Mr. Horsmander i Mr. Eeade 
 Mr. Smith V 
 
 Mr. Apthorpe ) Mr. Morris 
 
 ****** 
 
 The Petition of Oliver "Willard, in behalf of the Proprietors and In- 
 habitants of the Township of Hartford, was presented to the board and 
 read, setting forth, that there is a certain Tract of Land lying in this 
 Province, lately called by the name of Hartford : Beginning on the 
 Bank of Connecticut Eiver and at the Northeast Corner of the Town- 
 ship of Hertford, and from thence extends up the Eiver to the South- 
 east Corner of Norwich ; from thence extends Westerly until the full 
 Contents of Six Miles Square is included ; that the Petitioners are the 
 sole Proprietors of the same ; that there is thirty Inhabitants now in 
 actual Possession of said Township ; that they hold the same under 
 the Great Seal of the Province of New Hampshire ; That they supposed 
 their Title to be good until the Order of the King in his Privy Council 
 came to hand, directing the West Bank of Connecticut Eiver to be the 
 Boundary Line between this Province and the Province of New Hamp- 
 shire ; that they are desirous to secure their Properties, Possessions 
 and Improvements, by obtaining a Grant of the same under the Seal 
 of this Province ; And therefore the Petitioners humbly pray, that the 
 said Tract of Land may be by his Majesty's Letters Patent be granted 
 to them and their heirs, and that the same may be erected into a Town- 
 ship by the Name of Hartford, with such Powers and Privileges as 
 other Towns in this Province have and enjoy. 
 
 On reading whereof, It is ordered, that the said Petition be referred 
 to the Gentlemen of the Council or any five of them. 
 
 His Excellency w^ithdrawing, the Gentlemen of the Council resolved 
 themselves into a Committee on the said Petition and being ready to 
 make their report, his Excellency returned to the Council Chamber and 
 took his Seat. 
 
 Ordered, that the said Eeport be made immediately. 
 
 Then Mr. Eeade Chairman of the said Committee in his place re- 
 ported, that the said Committee had duely weighed and considered the 
 said Petition, and were humbly of Opinion, that his Excellency might 
 grant the said Tract of Land and Premises unto Prince Tracey, Benja- 
 min Wright, Benjamin Burch, Joseph Marsh, Benajah Strong, Elisha 
 Marsh, John Baldwin, John Bennet, Nathaniel Holbrooke, Junior, 
 Noah Dewey Junior, Solomon Strong, Jonathan Marsh, Amos Eobin- 
 son, Eufus Baldwin, Daniel Pinneo, Elijah Strong, Ebenezer Gillet 
 Junior, Giles Alexander, Abel Marsh and Zadock Wright. Except the 
 Shares and Proportions of the said Tract of Land foraaerly allotted to 
 Daniel Warner Esqr Joseph Newmarch Esqr Thomas Bell Esqr 
 and Samuel Wentworth; which Shares and Proportions having no 
 Improvement made thereon, are to remain vested in the Crown, and 
 that the several Shares of the said Tract, which by the Grant or Char- 
 ter from New Hampshire was intended for publick uses, be granted in 
 Trust as foUows that is to say : One such Share for the use of the In- 
 
64 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 corporated Society for the Propogation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts ; 
 a like Share for a Glebe for the use of the Minister of the Gospel in 
 Communion of the Church of England as by Law established for the 
 Time being residing on the Premisses ; a like Share for the use of the 
 first settled Minister of the Gospel on the said Tract ; and one hundred 
 Acres for the use of a Schoolmaster residing on the same Tract. 
 
 Which Eeport on the Question being put was agreed to and ap- 
 proved of. 
 
 And this Board doth humbly advise and Consent, that his Excellency 
 do by his Majesty's Lettres Patent, grant to the Persons first above 
 named, and their heirs the Tract of Land aforesaid, to be thereby 
 erected into a Township, by the Name of Ware, instead that of Hart- 
 ford, with the usual Privileges, Under the Quit Rent, Provisoes, Limi- 
 tations and Restrictions, prescribed by his Majesty's Instructions : 
 Excepting out of the Land so to be granted, the Shares formerly 
 allotted to the Persons named in the Eeport of the Committee ; And 
 whereon no Improvement hath been made, which are to remain vested 
 in the Crown : And that the several Shares heretofore intended for 
 publick Uses be granted in Trust, for the Uses in the said Eeport par- 
 ticularly declared and expressed. 
 
 And it is ordered by his Excellency the Governor with the Advice 
 of the Council, that previous to the Passing the said Letters Patent, 
 the said intended Grantees, or some Persons for them of suflicient 
 Ability, do enter into Bond unto our Sovereign Lord the King in the 
 Penalty of two thousand JPounds current money of the Province of 
 New York ; Conditioned that they the said intended Grantees, their 
 heirs or Assigns, shall as soon as may be after the Passing of the said 
 Letters Patent, grant and Convey in fee simple unto all and every the 
 other Proprietors of the said Tract of Land, under the Grant of New 
 Hampshire (Except the aforesaid Daniel Warner, Joseph Newmarch, 
 Thomas Bell and Samuel Wentworth) their heirs or Assigns the sev- 
 erall Lotts Shares and Proportions of and in the same, which they the 
 said Proprietors so respectively held, are interested in or intitled 
 unto, under the said Grant ; upon the said Proprietors or their heirs 
 or Assigns paying their respective Proportions of all Pees Charges and 
 Disbursements arising or growing due thereon. 
 
 WAEKANT OF STJBVEY. 
 
 By his Excellency, Sir Henry Moore, Baronet, Captain General and 
 Governor in Chief in and over the Provinces of New York and the Ter- 
 ritories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice Admiral of 
 the same. To Alexander Colden Esquire Surveyor General of the Prov- 
 ince of New York, Greeting : 
 
 You are hereby directed and required to Survey and lay out for Prince 
 Tracy, Benjamin Wright, Benjamin Burch, Joseph Marsh, Benajah 
 Strong, Eliaba Marsh, John Baldwin, John Bennet, Nathaniel Holbrook 
 Junior, Noah Dewey Junior, Solomon Strong, Jonathan Marsh, Amos 
 Eobinson, Rufus Baldwin, Daniel Pineo, Elijah Strong, Ebenezer Gil- 
 let Junior, Giles Alexander, Abel Marsh and Zadock Wright, All that 
 certain Tract of Land lying in this Province, lately called by the name 
 of Hartford, Beginning on the Bank of Connecticutt Eiver and at the 
 Northeast Corner of the Township of Hertford ; and from thence Ex- 
 tends up the Eiver to the Southeast Corner of Norwich ; from thence 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 65 
 
 extends Westerly until the full Contents of Six Miles square is included, 
 Except the Shares and proportions of the said Tract of Land formerly 
 allotted to Daniel Warner Esquire, Joseph Newmarch Esquire, Thomas 
 Bell Esquu-e and Samuel Wentworth, which Shares and proportions 
 having no improvement made thereon, are to Remain Vested in the 
 Crown ; And of the Land so to be Surveyed You are hereby directed and 
 required to Survey and lay out, adjoining each other, certain small Lotts 
 or Shares, which by the Grant of the Tract of Land aforesaid, under 
 the Seal of the Province of New Hampshire, were Intended for Publick 
 uses ; and which are to be granted in Trust as follows, that is to say, . 
 One such share for the use of the Incorporated Society for the Propa- 
 gation of the Gospel in Foreign parts, — a like share for a Globe for the 
 use of the Minister of the Gospel in Communion of the Church of Eng- 
 land as by Law established, for the time being residing on the said 
 large Tract, A like Share for the first settled Minister of the Gospel on 
 the said Tract, and one hundred Acres for the use of a Schoolmaster 
 residing on the same Tract — In Doing whereof you are to have regard 
 to the profitable and unprofitable Acres and to take Care that the 
 Length of the said Tracts, Lotts and parcels of Land or either of them 
 doth not extend along the Banks of any Eiver, otherwise than is con- 
 formable to his Majesty's Instructions AJid of what you shall have done 
 herein you are to make Return to me or the Governor or Commander 
 in Chief within six months at farthest from the Date hereof together 
 with a Plott or description of the said Tract of Land thereunto annexed, 
 distinguishing therein such part of the said Tract as is to remain Vested 
 in the Crown and the particular Lotts intended to be granted for pub- 
 lick Uses as a:foresaid. To the Intent that the Commissioners appointed 
 for the setting out of all Lands to be granted within the said Province 
 (of whom the Surveyor General is to be one) may on the said Survey, 
 be the better enabled to set out the said Tracts, Lotts and parcels of 
 Land, in manner and form as the same are Intended to be Granted to 
 the said Prince Tracey and the other Parties first above named and 
 which together with the Lands so to remain vested in the Crown as 
 aforesaid, are to be erected into a Township by the name of Ware, with 
 the usual Priviledges, under the Quit Rent, Provisoes, Limitations and 
 Restrictions precribed by his Majesty's Instructions ; And for so doing 
 this shall be your Warrant. Given under my Hand and Seal at Arms 
 at Fort George in the City of New York the 'Twelfth Day of November 
 One thousand seven hundred and Sixty six. — H. Moore. By his Excel- 
 lency's Command Geo. Banyar D. Sec'y. 
 
 PETITION OF GRANTEES AND OTHERS, 1772. 
 
 To his Excellency William Taylor Esquire Captain General and 
 Governor in Chief in and over the Province of New York and the Ter- 
 ritories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice Admiral 
 of the same. 
 
 in Council. 
 The Petition of Jonathan Burtch in behalf of himself and the other 
 Owners and Proprietors under the Grant of New Hampshire of a Tract 
 of Land known by the name of the Township of Hartford 
 
 5 
 
66 
 
 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 Most Humbly Sheweth 
 
 That Oliver Willard did on a petition in behalf of Prince Tracey and 
 19 other persons, proprietors of the said Township to his late Excel- 
 lency Sir Henry Moore Baronet Deceased, Obtain an Order of his said 
 late Excellency in Council bearing Date the twelfth Day of November 
 1776 for granting to them and their Heirs the Tract of Land aforesaid 
 lyiug on the West side of Connecticut River to the Northward of the 
 Township of Hertford and Southward of a Tract of Land called Nor- 
 wich except such Shares thereof as were alloted under the said Grant 
 of New Hampshire to Daniel Warner, Joseph Newmarch, Thomas 
 Bell and Samuel Wentworth. 
 
 That your petitioner and his associates are the sole proprietors of 
 the said Tract, that there are about 120 Inhabitants in actual posses- 
 sion thereof under the said New Hampshire Grant, who are desirous 
 of securing their said Possessions and Improvements by Letters 
 Patent under the Great Seal of this Province and are willing to give 
 the Security for the Benefit of all the Owners of the said Tract under 
 the said New Hampshire Grant usually required in similar Cases. 
 
 Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays that when the Letters Patent 
 shall issue for the said Township of Hartford, the Persons whose 
 names are mentioned in the Schedule hereunto Subjoined May be in- 
 serted as Grantees in the said Letters Patent, 
 
 that the Shares of the said Township reserved in the former 
 Order may be included in the Grant for the Benefit of the 
 Present owners thereof. 
 
 And your Petitioner shall ever pray etc. 
 
 JONATHAN BURTCH 
 
 New York, 1st April 1772. in behalf of himself and Associates. 
 
 Schedule Referred to by the foregoing Petition 
 
 George Ball. 
 
 Jonathan Buitch. 
 Hugh Game. 
 John Kane. 
 James Lankashire. 
 William Ross. 
 WUUam Smith. 
 Valentine Nutter. 
 
 Isaac Heron. 
 Robert Neille. 
 Daniel Neille. 
 Robert Neille, Jr. 
 William Young. 
 WilUam Todd. 
 Christian Will. 
 
 Johannes Will. 
 Peter Montaigne. 
 John. Schevington. 
 William Stott. 
 James Thompson. 
 Jam^es RoHs. 
 Mathew Gloves. 
 
 Christopher Dud- 
 ley. 
 John KeUy. 
 
 KECORn OP COUNCIL. 
 
 At a Council held at Fort George in the City of New York on Wednes- 
 day, the Eighth day of April 1772. 
 Present 
 
 His Excellency William Tryon, Esquire, Captain General, etc., 
 Mr. Horsmanden. 
 Mr. Watts. 
 Mr. De Lancey. 
 Mr. Apthorpe. 
 Mr. Morris. 
 
 etc. 
 
 Mr. Smith. 
 Mr. Cruger. 
 Mr. White. 
 Mr. Astell. 
 
 The Petition of Jonathan Burch in behalf of himself and the other 
 Owners and Proprietors under the Grant of New Hampshire of a Tract 
 of Land known by the Name of the Township of Hartford was presented 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 67 
 
 to the Board and read Setting forth, That Oliver Willard did on a Peti- 
 tion in hehalf of Prince Traoey and nineteen other Persons Proprietors 
 of the said Township to his late Excellency Sir Henry Moore Baronet 
 deceased, obtain an Order of his said late Excellency in Council bearing 
 date the twelfth day of November 1766 for granting to them and their 
 heirs the Tract of Land aforesaid lying on the West Side of Connecticut 
 Eiver, to the North of the Township of Hertford and Southward of a 
 Tract of Land called Norwich except such Shares thereof, as were 
 allotted under the said Grant of New Hampshire to Daniel Warner, 
 Joseph Newmarch, Thomas Bell and Samuel Wentworth ; That the 
 Petitioner and his Associates are the sole Proprietors of the said Tract. 
 That there are about one hundred and twenty Inhabitants in actual 
 Po jsession thereof under the said New Hampshire Grant, who are desir- 
 ous of securing their said Possessions and Improvements and are will- 
 ing to give the Security usually required in Similar Cases. And there- 
 fore the Petitioner humbly prays that when the Letters Patent shall 
 issue for the said Township of Hartford, the Persons whose names are 
 mentioned in the Schedule thereunto subjoined may be inserted as 
 Grantees in the said Letters Patent and that the Shares of the said 
 Township reserved in the former order may be included in the Grant 
 for the Benefit of the present Owners thereof. 
 
 On due Consideration whereof the Council did humbly advise that 
 when the Letters Patent shall issue for the said Tract of Land, his 
 Excellency the Governor do issue the same agreeable to the said Order 
 of the twelfth day of November 1766, but that instead of the Persons 
 thereiu mentioned as Grantees, the said Letters Patent issue in the 
 Names of Jonathan Burtch, Hugh Gaine, John Haine, James Lankashire, 
 William Ross, William Smith, Valentine Kutter, Isaac Heron, Robert 
 Neille, Daniel Neille, Robert Neille Junior, William Young, William 
 Todd, Christian Will, Johannes Will, Peter Montagnie, John Scheving- 
 ton, William Scott, James Thompson, James Roles, Mathew Gleves, 
 George Ball, Christopher Dudley and John Kelly ; That the Share of 
 the Tract formerly allotted to Benning Wentworth remain vested in 
 the Crown and that the Shares of the said Tract appropriated under 
 the Grant of New Hampshire to the said Daniel Warner, Joseph New- 
 march, Thomas Bell and Samuel Wentworth be granted by the said 
 Letters Patent, Subject to the Conditions to be expressed in the Bond 
 hereafter mentioned and that the whole of the said Tract of Land be 
 erected into a Township by the name of Hartford with the usual 
 Privileges. 
 
 And it is Ordered by his Excellency the Governor with the Advice of 
 the Council, that previous to the passing of the Letters Patent for the 
 said two ' Tracts of Land called by the respective names of Cavendish 
 and Hartford, the Grantees to be named therein or some Persons for 
 them of sufficient Ability do enter into Bond unto our Sovereign Lord 
 the King in the Sum of two thousand Pounds current money of the 
 Province of New York, Conditioned that they the said intended 
 Grantees, their Heirs or Assigns shall as soon as may be after passing 
 of the said respective Letters Patent respectively grant and convey in 
 Pee Simple unto all and every the other Proprietors of the said re- 
 spective Tracts of Land under the Grant of New Hampshire, their 
 
 ' A patent for the Township of Cavendish was petitioned for previous to Hart- 
 ford and is included in the above two. — B. F. 
 
68 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 heirs or Assigns (except the Heirs or Assignes of the aforesaid Ben- 
 ning Wentworh) the several Lotts, Shares and Proportions of and in 
 the said respective Tracts of Land, so to be granted under the Seal of 
 this Province, which they the said other Proprietors, their heirs or 
 Assigns paying their respective Proportions of all Fees Charges and 
 Disbursements arising or growing due thereupon, Provided such' oi her 
 Proprietors their heirs or Assigns do make Applications for such Grant 
 and Conveyance within the space of one year after Notification in one 
 or more of the publiek Newspapers of this Colany of the issuing such 
 respective Letters Patent and of the Names of the Patentees under 
 the Grants of New Hampshire. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS 1775-76. 
 
 The first recorded evidence to be found in the town records that the 
 town took any interest in the political affairs that so deeply absorbed 
 the attention of the people generally, appears in the records under 
 date of June 1st, 1775. This record was made by Amos Robinson, 
 and reads as follows: 
 
 " At a legal meeting held at the house of Widow Euth Strong, on Thursday ye 
 1st day of June 1775. 
 
 Chose — Capt. Joseph Marsh, moderator. 
 
 Chose — Amos Eobinson a delegate to go Westminster. 
 
 Voted — that each man pay his equal proportion of the expenses of sending 
 delegates to Westminster. 
 
 Voted to ti'eat any man with contempt and neglect that I'efuses to pay Ins pro- 
 portion of said expenses." 
 
 At a meeting held in the house of widow Ruth Strong (relic of Elijah 
 Strong) June 19th, 1775, Joel Marsh was chosen captain; Benjm 
 Wright, Jr., lieut., and Alexander Brink, ensign to a company of militia 
 for Cumberland County upper regiment, and at the same meeting, Capt. 
 Joseph Marsh, Stephen Tilden, Amos Robinson and Joshua Hazen,' 
 were chosen a committee of safety for the town. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1775, the town voted to comply with the request of the 
 New York Provincial Congress to send men to represent the county at 
 the Honorable Provincial Congress at New York, but the names of the 
 delegates chosen were not recorded. Probably Capt. Joseph Marsh 
 was one of the delegates chosen. 
 
 The old county of Cumberland was erected by New York July 3, 
 1766, and was composed of the counties of Windham and Windsor. 
 The freeholders and inhabitants of the county were authorized to elect 
 supervisors, assessors, collectors, a treasurer and other officers, at the 
 meeting next after their appointment, the supervisors were directed to 
 levy and collect of those residing or sojourning in the county a sum not 
 exceeding £200, to be applied in constructing a court house and jail. 
 Chester was selected as the location of these buildings, and here subse- 
 quently the justices and judges held courts. In 1768 a new charter was 
 granted to the county and permission was given the inhabitants to 
 erect a court house at their own expense. Chester was again chosen as 
 
 ' These men were afterwards prominent supporters of the government of Ver- 
 mont. 
 
70 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 the location of the court house and jail. At a meeting of the supervi- 
 sors held at Chester May 26, IV 72, Westminster was chosen as the shire 
 town of Cumberland County, where a good court house and jail were 
 built. The first County Congress of Cumberland County was therefore 
 held at Westminster. 
 
 At a town meeting held July 13, 1776, it was voted that the town 
 should take the ammunition that the committee purchased in Connecti- 
 cut into their care as a town stock, and Capt. Abel Marsh was chosen 
 to take charge of said ammunition. It was also voted, that Maj. Joel 
 Marsh, Stephen Tilden and Samuel Udall, should be a committee to 
 give obligations to Capt. Abel Marsh and Maj. Griswold for the 
 ammunition, and proportion an assessment on the inhabitants for the 
 payment of the same, and give a bill to the constables to collect. Also, 
 that Capt. Marsh deal out one pound of powder to each soldier belong- 
 ing to the town that has gone or is going to Royalton, and lead and 
 flints proportionable to the stock, and half a pound of powder, lead and 
 flints proportionable to the stock to each man in town that had a gun. 
 Also, that if any man wasted or in any way disposed of any of the 
 ammunition drawn, or to be drawn out of the town stock he should pay 
 after the rate of two dollars per pound, and be held up to public view 
 as an enemy to his country. April 1st, 1777, the town voted to sell 
 this ammunition, and Capt. Abel Marsh was appointed a committee to 
 make the sale. It was also voted to raise by tax £20 to defray the 
 charges of the supervisors and county committee going to Westminster, 
 and the charge of the Royalton department which was the town's quota 
 to pay. 
 
 Nothing further appears in the town records relating to the further 
 participation of the inhabitants in the affairs of Cumberland county; 
 we will, therefore, quote what we have been able to glean from other 
 sources concerning the identification of the leading citizens of the town 
 with the " Congress " and " Committee of Safety " for Cumberland 
 counnty.' The executive officers of the towns comprising the counties 
 of Cumberland and Gloucester, were styled supervisors, and these, when 
 at home, were chairmen of the committees of safety for their respec- 
 tive towns. The county committees of safety were composed of an 
 aggregation of town committees. Then there were General Conven- 
 tions of a still higher grade which were composed of delegates ap- 
 
 ' Cumberland County was composed of Windham and Windsor counties. 
 Gloucester county embraced only Orange County. Cumberland County was 
 divided into districts, the most noteworthy of which was named "Hartford" 
 and ranked as District "Number:" and embraced the town of Hartford and 
 the territory north of it to the line of Gloucester County, which line was terme d 
 the frontier of Cumberland County. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 71 
 
 pointed by the inhabitants of the several towns, and the resolves and 
 votes of the Conventions were executed by committees or agents 
 thereto appointed by the conventions. 
 
 May 16th, 1114, a. committee of correspondence, consisting of fifty 
 members was formed in the city of New York for the purpose of elicit- 
 ing the sentiments of the people of the respective provinces, and par- 
 ticularly of New York, on the measures of the mother country in 
 respect to her American colonies. Of this committee Isaac Low was 
 chairman, and he addressed the supervisors of Cumberland County, 
 May 21, 1114, asking information as to the sentiment of the people. 
 The supervisors, who were all pledged to the interests of New York, 
 which province was then extremely friendly to the mother country and 
 ready to cater to her interests — took no notice of Mr. Low's letter fur- 
 ther than to attempt to conceal it. But by accident it was discovered, 
 and the supervisors were called upon to explain their reasons for with- 
 holding the letter. They with profuse excuses produced the letter, 
 whereupon a copy of it was sent to each town in Cumberland county, 
 and a county convention was called to meet at Westminster on the 1 9th 
 of October, 1114. The inhabitants of Chester anticipated the action of 
 the forthcoming convention by holding a meeting October 10th and ap- 
 pointing a committee to unite with the county committee to prepare a 
 report to be sent to the New York committee of correspondence. The 
 proceedings of that meeting were too prolix to be inserted here entire, 
 but as the resolutions adopted were, in sum and substance, the first 
 declaration of sentiments that later were elaborately enunciated in the 
 Declaration of American Independence, they are entitled to a place in 
 this history. The resolutions were as follows: 
 
 " At said meeting. Resolved, first, That the People of America are 
 Naturally Intitled to all the Privileges of Free Borne Subjects of Great 
 Britain, which Privileges they have Never Forfeited. 
 
 Secondly. Eesolved, that Every Man's Estate, Honestly Acquired, 
 is his Own and no person on Earth has A Right to take it Away without 
 the Proprietors' Consent unless he forfeit it by Some Crime of his 
 Committing. 
 
 Thirdly. Resolved, that all Acts of the British Parliament Tending 
 to take Away or Abridge these Rights Ought not to be Obeyed. 
 
 Fourthly. Resolved, that the People of this Town will Joyn with 
 their Fellow American Subjects in Opposing in all Lawful! ways Every 
 Incroachment on their Natural Rights. 
 
 Chester, April 20th, 1773." 
 
 It is not surprising that such sentiments were deprecated by the New 
 York authorities to whom they were indirectly aimed. 
 
 The first Cumberland county convention at which Hartford was 
 represented, was held at Westminster, Feb. 7-9, 1114. Jonathan Bui-ch 
 
72 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 was the delegate from Hartford, and lie was chosen one of a committee 
 of correspondence, &c Twelve towns only were represented in this 
 convention. The animus of this convention was expressed in the 9th 
 vote taken, viz. : — " That this Convention Recommend it (to) their 
 Constituants to chuse a Man for their Supervisor at the next Annual 
 meeting such as they would Chouse if they ware to send him to New 
 York as their Assemblyman, &c." 
 
 The next in the order of revolutionary events was the massacre of 
 William French and Daniel Hoisington, at Westminster, May 13th, 
 17*7 5, by the officers of New York, which was afterwards described as 
 " the shedding of the first blood that was shed in America to support 
 Brittanic government." 
 
 It seems paradoxical that such men as Col. Joseph Marsh, Col. Simon 
 Stevens, Col. Benj. Wait and Col. Jacob Bayley, could have maintained 
 for so long a time as they did, warm, friendly relations with, and 
 accepted important offices at the hands of, the New York authorities, 
 who were guilty of undue use' and oppressive exercise of the power of 
 jurisdiction toward the inhabitants on the New Hampshire Grants — a 
 jurisdiction unfounded in right and reason — and, at the same time, not 
 being in the confederacy of states, nor directly sufferers from the in- 
 justice of the British government toward the American colonies, remain 
 oblivious of the similarity in the controversy between Vermont and the 
 government of New York, and that of the American colonies with the 
 British government, and unhesitatingly pledge their support and full 
 proportion towards maintaining a war against Great Britain, whose 
 iniquitous measures were endorsed by the New York government. 
 
 The Cumberland county congress again met at Westminster, on the 
 26th of July, 1775. In August the Province was divided into military 
 districts and the counties of Charlotte, Cumberland and Gloucester 
 were embodied in one brigade. Two regiments were formed in Cum- 
 berland county, one of which was designated " The North, or Upper 
 regiment." August 14th, 1775, at Springfield, the following list of 
 officers for the Upper regiment were chosen : — 
 
 Field Officers : — Simons Stevens, of Springfield, colonel ; Joseph 
 Marsh, of Hartford, lieut.-colonel ; and Benjamin Wait, of Windsor, 
 major. Among the company officers chosen from Hartford, were Joel 
 Marsh, to be Captain ; Benjamin Wright, lieutenant, and Alexander 
 Brink, ensign.' 
 
 On the 21st of November, the county "Congress " met at Westminster, 
 £ rst as a " Congress " to elect deputies, and then as a "Committee of 
 
 ' The officers elected at this meeting were nominated in June, 1775. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 73 
 
 Safety " to nominate militia ofScers. The following persons were 
 nominated for the Upper Regimen,t : — Capt. Joseph Marsh, first colonel; 
 Capt. John Barrett, second colonel ; Lieut. Helkiah Grout, first major; 
 Capt. Joel Matthews, second major; Timothy Spencer, adjutant; Amos 
 Robinson, quartermaster.' For a Regiment of Minute men : — Capt. 
 Joab Hoisington, first colonel ; Seth Smith, second colonel ; Joseph 
 Tyler, first major.; Joel Marsh, second major ; Timothy Phelps, adju- 
 tant ; Elisha Hawley, quartermaster. The above named nominees were 
 confirmed Jan'y 4th, 1176. Col. Marsh, Amos Robinson and Maj. Joel 
 Marsh were citizens of Hartford.' It is probable that several citizens 
 of Hartford, who were then liable to military duty, were members of 
 the upper regiment of Cumberland county which was organized August 
 14, 11'75, at Springfield, Vt., and, doubtless, some were members of the 
 ranging department, but there is ho evidence of this in the town records. 
 For the purpose of obtaining more light concerning the enlistments 
 of citizens of the town into the above named regiments, I made appli- 
 cation to the adjutant general of New York, Feb. 1st, 1886, which elic- 
 ited the following response, viz : — 
 
 General Hbadquaetees, State op New Yoek, ) 
 Adjutant-General's Ofeice, Albany, Feb. 5, 1886. ( 
 
 Respectfully returned invitrng attention to enclosed communication from Mi-. 
 Femow. (Signed) J. N. PORTER, 
 
 Maj.-Oen. and Adjt.-Oen. 
 Mr. Fernow wrote as follows : — 
 
 '• The records, of this department give only the following list of offi- 
 cers commissioned for the Upper or North Regiment of Cumberland 
 County by the committee of safety of New York, on the 4th of January, 
 1776:— 
 
 Colonel — Joseph Marsh. ^ Lieut.-Col. — John Barrett. 
 
 1st Major — Hilkiah Grout. 2d Major — Joel Matthews. 
 
 Adjutant^Timothy Spencer. Quartermaster — Amos Robinson. ^ 
 
 After the adoption of the State Constitution and the election of a 
 governor (Gov. Clinton) and a council of appointment, no further notice 
 seems to have been taken of the northern part of Cumberland County 
 by the authorities of this State. Hence the pay list, or list of certifi- 
 cates of indebtedness issued to the levies and militia by the treasurer of 
 New York does not contain the names of the officers and privates in 
 Col. Marsh's regiment. For further information Mr. Tucker is referred 
 to the ' Journal of the New York Provincial Congress.' " 
 
 (Signed; BEETHOLD FERNOW, 
 
 State Custodian of Historical Records. 
 
 Albany, Feb. 4th, 1886. 
 
 ' The officers in this list took the place of those nominated in June. 
 ' See nominations made Nov. 21, i775- 
 
74 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The following appears in the records of the Gloucester County com- 
 mittee of safety : 
 
 " At a meeting of the committees of the Counties of Cumberland and 
 Gloucester appointed to nominate a brigadier-general and a brigade- 
 major, at Windsor, on Wednesday the 22d day of May, 1776 ; made 
 choice of Colonel Joseph Marsh as chairman, and Major Joel Matthews 
 clerk ; then proceeded and made choice of Col. Jacob Bayley as briga- 
 dier-general and Simon Stevens Esq. as brigade-major, of said counties. 
 Voted, That the return of the above nominations be sent by Colonel 
 Marsh to the honorable Provincial Congress, who is authorized to rep- 
 resent this Committee at Congress." By order. 
 
 (Signed) JOSEPH MARSH, Chairman.' 
 
 JOEL MATTHEWS, Clerk. 
 
 To the Honorable Provincial Congress. 
 
 At a meeting of the Cumberland County committee of safety held at 
 Westminster, June 20-22, 1776, Hartford was not represented. At this 
 meeting it was voted to send representatives to New York to sit in the 
 Provincial Congress, and that the three highest in number of votes should 
 be the gentlemen chosen to go. Col. Joseph Marsh received 368 votes ; 
 Deacon John Sessions 172, and Simon Stevens Esq. 166, and they were 
 declared the three highest in vote. The chairman of the committee was 
 instructed to make out certificates that these gentlemen were duly 
 chosen delegates to sit in Provincial Congress." 
 
 ' Col. Marsh did not, after the date of this meeting, participate in the proceed- 
 ings of any Congress, convention, or committee of safety, held in the interest of 
 the government of New York. 
 
 ■^Deacon Sessions and Mr. Stevens vf^nt to New York, but Col. Marsh declined 
 the mission. Col. Marsh doubtless retired from all connection with the govern- 
 ment of New York in 1776. On the ist of April, 1777, he was chosen with Amos 
 Robinson, Stephen Tilden, Capt. Abel Marsh and Lieut. Israel Gillett to serve as 
 a town committee of safety. 
 
CHAPTEK VII. 
 
 HARTFORD DURING THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AT A MEETING IN HANOVER, JULY 5TH, 1776. 
 
 At a meeting of several adjacent Towns at the ColLege Hall on Friday the 5th 
 day of July, 1776 (viz) Lyme, Hanover, Lebanon, Thetford, Norwich and Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 Chosen — Amos Robinson,' Clerk. 
 
 Chosen — Deacon Nehemiah Estabrook, Moderator. 
 
 Voted — ^to raise 50 men Exclusive of officers to Repair to Royalton to fortify 
 in that Town and Scout from thence to Onion River and Newbury. 
 
 Voted — To appoint one Captain and two Subalterns. 
 
 Voted — To appoint Mr. David Woodward, Captain. 
 
 Voted — To appoiat Mr. Joshua Hazzen, first-Lieut. 
 
 Voted — To appoint Mr. Abel Lyman second Lieut. 
 
 Voted — To appoint a Committee of three men to Direct the Building of the 
 fort at Royalton and furnish sd Fort with all necessary supphes. 
 
 Chosen Esqr Joel Marsh,' Mr. Isaac Morgan and Majr John Slapp to be sd 
 Committee. 
 
 Voted — To raise 350 men Exclusive of officers to go to Newbury to fortifle, 
 scout and guard there for three months unless sooner discharged. 
 
 Voted — To appoint Capt. Abner Seelys Major of the last mentioned Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Voted — To divide sd 350 into four Companys. 
 
 Voted— To appomt Mr. Levi Willard, Mr. Oliver Ashley and Mr. Samuel 
 Paine to be Captains. 
 
 Voted — That the Captains appoint their Subalterns. 
 
 Voted — To appoint a Committee of three men to Direct and order the affairs 
 of the Newbury Department. 
 
 Voted — That Col. Bailey, Col. Johnson and Col Olcott be sd Comtee. 
 
 Voted— That this Committee engage to see that the officers and soldiers in 
 both the afore mentioned Departments be honorably paid for their services. 
 
 Voted To dismmiss this meeting — it is accordingly dismist. 
 
 A ti-ue copy from the Minutes. 
 Test : Pr me Amos Robinson, Clerk. 
 
 At a special meeting of the members of the Committee of Safety for 
 Cumberland county, July 23rd, 1776, Thomas Hazen, of Hartford, was 
 present as a member of the committee. On the 25th, the committee 
 voted that the powder which had been sent to the county by the Pro- 
 vincial Congress of New York should be dealt out to the several town 
 committees to be kept as a town stock, and not dealt out without some 
 
 ' Amos Robinson, Joel Marsh and Joshua Hazen were from Hartford. 
 
76 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 extraordinary caution, and if dealt out and not used to be returned.' 
 
 On this occasion it was resolved, " that any person knowing of any 
 criminal correspondence kept up between any person or persons in this 
 county and the King's officers in the army at Canaday, on giving notice 
 thereof, shall receive the utmost protection from this committee." 
 
 On the 6 th of August, 1776, the committee of Cumberland and Glou- 
 cester counties met at Windsor in order to appoint officers, such as 
 captains, lieutenants, &c., for a ranging department granted by the 
 Provincial Congress of New York, viz : — 252 men out of the two coun- 
 ties, to the command of which the Congress had commissioned Mr. Joab 
 Hoisington, of Woodstock, major. Stephen Tilden, of Hartford, was 
 a member of this meeting. The committee agreed to appoint 3 captains 
 and 4 lieutenants in the county of Cumberland, and one captain and 4 
 lieutenants in Gloucester county. Major Joel Marsh, of Hartford, was 
 appointed captain in said department. Thomas Hazen and Stephen 
 Tilden, of Hartford, J. Winchester Dana, of Pomfret, and lieutenant 
 John Strong, of Woodstock, were chosen to join a committee of Glou- 
 cester county to appoint their proportion of officers, and to meet at 
 Abner Chamberlins' in Thetford, and in case Maj. Marsh declined to 
 serve as captain in this department to choose a substitute.'' It was also 
 voted, that the sub-committees of the towns should see that a late 
 hand-bill from New York was signed by all citizens, and the refusers 
 to be dealt with according to said hand-bill.^ 
 
 At a meeting of the County Committee at Westminster, June 4-5 
 1777. Thomas Hazen of Hartford, was present. This was the last 
 appearance of Mr. Hazen at the meetings of said Committee. While 
 Mr. Hazen was in attendance at this meeting, Col. Joseph Marsh and 
 Mr Steven Tilden were attending the general convention of the rep- 
 resentatives from the several counties and towns in the New Hamp- 
 shire grants at Windsor, as delegates from Hartford. 
 
 The last meeting of the Cumberland county Committee was held at 
 
 ' This powder was an object of great solicitude. A guard was kept over it day 
 and nigiit. Julj 23rd, tlie committee voted " that landlord Nichols should provide 
 the guard the necessary victualing and half a pint of rum to each man once in 24 
 hours, and that the wages of the guard should be 3s. per day and 2s. per night. 
 
 ^Mr. Marsh declined; at least he was not commissioned. 
 
 'The handbill referred to was sent to the committee from the Provisional Con- 
 gress of New York, and suggested the expediency of instituting civil government 
 according to the exigencies of the county, and the formation of a mode of gov- 
 ernment independent of the Crown — for the preservation of the rights, liberties 
 and property of the people— and requested the towns to make some expression of 
 their sentiment on this matter. The major part of the people of the county, in- 
 cluding Hartford, agreed to the proposition, elected delegates, and empowered 
 them with authority to agree with the Provincial Congress in favor of the proposed 
 action. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 77 
 
 "Westminster, Sept. 2-3, 1777. In the roll of members then present 
 there appears the name of Mr. Rust of Hartford, who must have been a 
 self-constituted representative, as he was not a member of the town 
 committee nor a town officer at that date. The record of proceedings of 
 this meeting indicates the existence of a strong sentiment against New 
 York. It was moved that the committee should send some sutiable 
 person to the legislature of New York to inform them of the conduct 
 of the pretended council (of safety) and pretended committees of the 
 State of Vermont and take their advice and directions thereon. The 
 vote stood four to three against the motion. It was then voted to 
 adjourn until the second Tuesday of November.' 
 
 STIEHING EVENTS OP 1777. 
 
 The year 1777 was fraught with important events to the whole 
 country, but to Vermont it was the most eventful period in her history. 
 Some of the important proceedings of the conventions of that year 
 have been already alluded to. It has been said that the convention of 
 June 4th appointed a committee to repair to Ticonderoga to consult 
 with the commander of the fort at that point respecting the regulations 
 and defense of the frontiers. While the committee was at that point 
 Gen. Burgoyne with his army appeared on the lake, and resting at 
 Crown Point, he sent a scout of 300, mostly Indians, to laud at the 
 mouth of Otter Creek, to annoy the frontiers of the State. Gen. Poor 
 declined to allow any troops to the committee for defense of the fron- 
 tiers, but allowed Col. Warner to go with the committee, who soon 
 raised men sufficient to repel the scouts. Such of the committee as 
 were members of the convention left the militia and repaired to the 
 convention at Windsor, July 2d.' 
 
 The convention of the 4th of June issued a proclamation for a fast to 
 be observed June 18th. The convention also took possession of the 
 common goal for the county of Cumberland, and directed that the 
 keeper should keep in custody all prisoners already committed by any 
 legal authority within the State until discharged by the convention. 
 The convention also notified the chairman of the Committee of Safety 
 for the counties of Cumberland and Gloucester to desist from longer 
 
 ' During the proceedings above named (Sept. 2-3), Mr. Clay the chairman of 
 the council was not present. Soon after the adjournment named, Mr. Clay put 
 in an appearance, and the committee reassembled with him, and it was decided 
 to send some person to New York to make a representation of the difficulties the 
 county of Cumberland was laboring under, and Capt. Clay was chosen for that 
 mission. 
 
 ■' Allen's Vt. p. 92 in Vt. Hist. Soc. Coll. Vol. i p. 382. 
 
78 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 acting in such capacity by virtue of New York authority : ordered the 
 Committees of Safety acting under the authority of Vermont to take 
 into immediate custody all such estates of enemical persons who have 
 been or may have proved to be such, and empowered all town com- 
 mittees to seize and secure all and every person and their estates, that 
 appear to be enemical to their country, and them safely keep for. the 
 use of the State during the recess of the convention, except what may 
 be suiEcient to defray the necessary charges arising for trial of such 
 offenses ; that town committees seizing the person or estate of any sus- 
 pected enemies, and finding cause to proceed against the same, should 
 be empowered to call thirteen committeemen from adjacent towns to 
 act with committee of said town, to try such offenders and give sentence 
 against them and order judgment to be put in execution — provided the 
 offenders are not worthy of death or other corporal punishment — ^in 
 which case the committees should imprison the offenders in the common 
 goaP within this State there to remain without bail until a proper 
 court should be established in this State to try them. 
 
 Pursuant to the request of the convention the people of Hartford 
 met on Monday, June 23d, 1777, to elect two delegates to attend said 
 convention. This meeting was held in the house of Solomon Strong, 
 near the centre of the town. Benjamin "Wright was chosen Moderator. 
 Col. Joseph Marsh and Lieut. Joshua Hazen were chosen delegates. 
 The following vote was taken, viz: 
 
 " That we do authorize and empower Col. Joseph Marsh and Lieut. 
 Joshua Hazen to join with the. delegates from the other towns in the 
 State of Vermont, that are chosen to meet at Windsor on the 3d day 
 of July next to Draw the out Lines of Government. 
 
 Voted — unanimously that we will join to be a New State on the 
 New Hampshire Grants. 
 
 THE CONVENTION AT WINDSOE, JULY 2-8, 1777. 
 
 This convention established a constitution, and frame of government. 
 Col. Joseph Marsh of Hartford was chosen Vice-President of the con- 
 vention. Rev. Aaron Hutchinson of Pomfret delivered a sermon. 
 After the sermon the convention proceeded to the specific business for 
 which it was called. A draft of a constitution was laid befoi'e the con- 
 vention and read. The convention had this under consideration when 
 
 ' The convention of Sept. 25th, recommended and it was voted, that a goal be,, 
 erected in Manchester tvs'enty feet by thirty inside, to be built of logs and earth 
 for the confinement of tories and other offenders. Said goal to be built of a 
 double wall of logs not less than twelve inches through, laid eighteen inches 
 between walls, the vacancy to be filled with earth about 7 feet high, then roofed, 
 to have a log floor, double and strong door. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 79 
 
 their attention was called away by the arrival of a dispatch from Col. 
 Seth Warner announcing the advance of Burgoyne upon Ticonderoga 
 and calling for assistance. The news greatly alarmed the convention, 
 as the capture of Ticonderoga, — which was regarded, as the Gibralter of 
 America — would leave the frontiers of the State exposed to the inroads 
 of the enemy. A copy of Col. Warner's dispatch was immediately for- 
 warded by express to the General Assembly of New Hampshire, then in 
 session at Exeter, with a letter from the Convention, stating the situa- 
 tion, and submitting the consideration of the matter to the serious 
 attention of the Assembly. The militia of the State were then with the 
 officer commanding at Ticonderoga. Consequently the convention 
 could take no other measures to reinforce the beleagured fortress. It 
 therefore proceeded to consider the constitution. It remained in session 
 tintil July 8th, when its deliberations were again interrupted by the 
 arrival of a dispatch from Gen. St. Clair, returning his thanks for the 
 exertions made by the convention to reinforce Ticonderoga, but an- 
 nouncing the evacuation of the place on the morning of the 6th of July. 
 This news caused great alarm. Many of the members were for leaving 
 and flying to the defense of their homes, but a severe thunder storm 
 came on which compelled them to remain awhile, and in the interim 
 they were persuaded by other members, less alarmed by the news, to 
 conclude their business. The constitution was read for the last time 
 and unanimously adopted. It was then ordered that an election should 
 be held in December, 1111, for the election of representatives to the 
 General Assembly to meet at Bennington in January, 1778. Col. Joseph 
 Marsh, Joseph Williams, and Timothy Brownson were appointed a 
 committee to procure a supply of arms, for the State, with instructions 
 to draw them, if possible, from governmental arsenals. A council of 
 safety was appointed to administer the affairs of the State until some 
 other provision should be made. The convention voted to establish a 
 loan office and appointed Ira Allen its trustee. After a session of six 
 days the convention adjourned. 
 
 The battle of Bennington has been declared the decisive battle of the 
 Revolution, for the reason that there can scarcely be a doubt that a 
 contrary result would have exposed all New England to devastation. 
 The British Colonel Baura had boasted that he would march through 
 Vermont to Boston, which he doubtless would have succeeded in doing 
 had victory not perched on the banners of the gallant American forces. 
 "One more such strike," said Washington, "and we shall have no great 
 cause for anxiety as to the future designs of Britain." 
 
 The only adducible evidence that Hartford contributed men to the 
 
80 HISTOEY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 militia marched by Col. Joseph Marsh to reinforce Gen. Poor, at Ticon- 
 deroga, or to the forces sent to Bennington from the grants, is found in 
 the records comprised in the Vermont Historical Society's collections, 
 now deposited in Montpelier. 
 
 The records of the town are very meagre concerning military affairs. 
 Indeed, the entire records of the legislative action of the town, for a 
 period of seventeen years, ITS 1-1 778, were kept in the small pamphlet 
 book, heretofore alluded to, and the proceedings specifically relating to 
 military matters are recorded on less space than two pages of foolscap 
 paper. Our ancestors were men of brawn, and not given to buncombe 
 demonstrations. Their legislative proceedings were brief in character, 
 and only stubborn facts for present reference dotted the pages on which 
 they inscribed the record of their action. They formed but few plans, 
 but these they executed with perseverance and heroism worthy of the 
 cause they were striving to maintain. The number of those, however, 
 who took up arms and entered the arena of actual hostilities must have 
 been small, for the reason that the whole number of inhabitants in the 
 town, at the date of the Bennington battle, was less than two hundred, 
 and of these none but able bodied men between sixteen and sixty years 
 of age were liable to do military duty. 
 
 In 1765, the government of New York divided a portion of the New 
 Hampshire grants into a new county by the name of Cumberland which 
 embraced the territory now constituting Windham and Windsor coun- 
 ties. This county they divided into military districts, of which Hart- 
 ford and all towns north to the south line of Gloucester county (now 
 Orange), formed the 1st district, which was entitled "Hartford 
 District." 
 
 In ITYl, the New York government caused a census to be taken of 
 the aforesaid counties. At this time Cumberland county contained 
 3,94T inhabitants ; Hartford contained but 191, while the whole number 
 in the State did not exceed 7,000. The eastern half of the State con- 
 tained the largest part of the population. Dr. Williams estimated the 
 population of Cumberland and Gloucester counties to be at least two- 
 thirds of the people in the whole State, or territory ; and in 1791 the 
 number on the east side was 43,970; on the west side 41,569, total 
 85,539. Hartford, in 1791, had a population of 988. The probable 
 number of her inhabitants at the commencement of the Revolution was 
 about 300. On a call for troops her full quota (eliminating those en- 
 titled to exemption from military duty, could not have exceeded fifty 
 • men — probably not 40. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 81 
 
 It seems probable that the militia of Hartford were employed to do 
 frontier duty against innovations made by the Indians ; and to repel 
 any attempted overt acts on the part of the New Yorkers ; also, to do 
 duty in behalf of the Continental Congress. They were under the com- 
 mand and authority of committees of safety, who were considered as 
 the supreme executive, and whose orders and recommendations were 
 regarded as the law of the land, the infraction of which was punished 
 with severity. Though Vermont was not in the Union, and was denied 
 admission to it, the people of Hartford, in common with those of other 
 towns, when the controversy with Britain approached open hostilities, 
 imbibed the spirit of opposition that grew out of the coercive measures 
 taken by the mother country, and responded to every call made upon 
 their patriotism, both to defejad their personal rights and the cause of 
 the country at large. 
 
 An examination of the records in possession of the Vermont Histor- 
 ical Society, reveals some interesting facts that are entitled to a place 
 in this history. The first document found, in the aforesaid records, 
 relating to Hartford, in the Bevolution, is found in Vol. I., under date 
 11th August, 1777, which shows that on that date the coimcil of safety 
 sent an express to Colonel Joseph Marsh of Hartford to march one- 
 half of his militia to Bennington. Jones Fay, vi'ce-president of the 
 council, in a letter to Maj. Israel Smith of Strafford, under date of 
 August 13th, wrote : 
 
 " Deab Col. : By express this day received from the commanding 
 officer of the Northern Department, we learn that a door has now 
 opened for the troops of this State to do duty on this side the north 
 river which will be clear from Gen. Schuyler's command, and as an ex- 
 pedition is on foot of the greatest importance, which is to remain a 
 secret till the troops are collected, these are therefore the most positive 
 terms to require you, without a moment's loss of time, to march one- 
 half of the regiment under your command to this place. No small 
 excuse at this juncture can be received. * * * You wUl hurry 
 what Rangers forward are recruited with all speed. Now is the time, 
 gjj, * * » J desire you would, By Order of Council send this Ex- 
 press to General Bayley, Peter Olcott, Col. and Col Marsh." 
 
 As this order was issued only three days prior to the day of the bat- 
 tle, it could not have reached Col. Marsh in time to enable him to col- 
 lect his men (who were not in garrison) and march them to Bennington 
 by the 16th, but it appears of record, that he did collect his men and 
 started on the 16th for Bennington. This is shown by the following 
 documentary evidence to be found in Vt. His. Soc. Coll. Vol. 2, p. 379, 
 entitled : 
 
 " A Pay roll of Capt. Seth Hodges' company in Col. Joseph Marsh's 
 
 6 
 
82 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 xegiment of militia for the bounty allowed by the State of Vermont, 
 Pomfret, Oct.- 7, 1777. 
 
 Corporal Asa Emerson, Privates Jonathan Burch, Eddy Barch, 
 Becket Chapman, Mitchell Clark, Wm. Curtis, Bary Damon, Hezekiah 
 Hazen, Jno. Hill, Abel Marsh, Elisha Perkins, Phineas Strong, Seth 
 Savage, Elkanah Sprague, Stephen Tilden, Andrew Tracy, Josiah Til- 
 den, Wm. Udall, Benjamin Wright," Samuel Webster, Timothy Hard- 
 ing, Wm. Eanney, Nath'l Troop, John Watkins." ' 
 
 This roll is made up in a tabulated form and states that the time of 
 
 entering service was Aug. 16th, 1777, that with few exceptions, they 
 
 remained in service to October 4th (fifty days), that the monthly pay of 
 
 each of the men was at the rate of £2, 10s.; that the miles travelled 
 
 were IBO ; each man's mileage pay was 15s. and the whole pay to each 
 
 man who served the full time was £4, 18s., 4p. On 'the back of the 
 
 roll is the following endorsement by Col. Marsh : 
 
 " In Council, Hartford, July 14th, 1778. The withm pay-roll accepted and 
 approved, the sum of which is £197-1-8 which sum the treasurer is desired to 
 pay; per order of Council. (Signed) JOSEPH MARSH." 
 
 A family tradition is that Col. Marsh was in the battle of Bennington. 
 Paul Spooner mentioned in his letter to Brig. Gen. Bayley under date 
 of the 11th August, that an express was that day sent to Col. Marsh 
 ordering him to march one-half his command to Bennington. Mr. 
 Spooner was deputy secretary to the council, and knew whereof he was 
 writing. The express could have occupied not less than two days en 
 route from Bennington to Hartford, under the most favorable circum- 
 stances the militia could not have been collected, provisioned and 
 marched to Bennington, by the most available route, in less than four 
 days. It is therefore probable that Col. Marsh's regiment did not 
 march before the 16th, and, as Gov. Hall suggests, was in service on 
 the Hudson, instead of being at Bennington.^ 
 
 The next document, in chronological order, was a return of the num- 
 ber of men and horses employed by Capt. Abel Marsh in carrying 
 flour from some point on the Connecticut river to Battenkill. 
 
 A return of the Men and Horses employed by Capt. Abel Marsh in 
 Carrying Flour from Connecticut Elver to Battenkill for the use of the 
 Northern Army by order of Jacob Bayley, B. D. G., 13 October, 1777. 
 
 ' The first nineteen were citizens of Hartford. 
 
 ^ The last five were citizens of Pomfret. 
 
 " The late Hon. Roswell Marsh of Steubenville, Ohio, grandson of the lieu- 
 tenant governor, in whose family he lived until he was i8, was certain that 
 leading public men and members of the family spoke of his having a share at 
 Bennington and of camp-life while the regiment guarded the river to prevent 
 Burgoyne's retreat, and cut off supplies from Canada. Governor and Council, 
 Vol. I, p. 237. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 83 
 
 Men's Names. No. days No. of 
 
 Service. Horses. 
 
 Joseph Marsh 1 
 
 Nathan Howling 15 1 
 
 Josiali Lamb __.15 1 
 
 John Strong 9 1 
 
 Joseph SafEord 9 1 
 
 "Wm. Powers 9 1 
 
 Ohver Kidder _ 10 S 
 
 Israel Burlingame 10 2 
 
 Jerathmael Powers 10 1 
 
 Roger Bates 10 1 
 
 Samuel Scott 10 1 
 
 Elijah Mason ___ ___ 1 
 
 James Burch 6 1 
 
 Elkanah Sprague 9 1 
 
 Zebulon Lyon _15 1 
 
 Eldad Hubbard. 1.5 1 
 
 Joel Marsh 1 
 
 Roswell Morgan 16 1 
 
 LVett Benson 16 1 
 
 Joshua Spear 1 
 
 Levi Baldwin. _ 1 
 
 Elijah Smalley ..16 1 
 
 Abner Howard 16 1 
 
 Oliver Udal 1 
 
 Darius Sessions 1 
 
 Peter Thatcher 1 
 
 Dan'l Waterman 1 
 
 David Staton 3 1 
 
 Nath'l Boardman 3 1 
 
 Joseph Hatch 3 1 
 
 Cash expended on the Voige 
 
 Attest, 
 
 No. of 
 
 Expenses per 
 
 
 miles 
 
 oay, men 
 
 Sum Total 
 
 travel. 
 
 and horses 
 
 
 Due. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 M 
 
 s. p. 
 
 140 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 140 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 120 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 130 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 13 
 
 3 12 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 140 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 160 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 4 
 
 160 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 4 
 
 160 
 
 13 
 
 9 12 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 140 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 140 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 
 £168 
 
 2 8 
 
 Abel Mabsh. 
 
 
 
 On the back of the return are the following endorsements : — 
 
 " This certifies that by direction of Gen. Lincoln, I ordered the within 
 supplies of flower which was delivered to the commissary at Battenkill 
 at the time within specified when the baggage horses were dismissed. 
 
 JACOB BAYLEY, B. G.' 
 Pay Eoll Office, Charlestown, N. H., Oct. 25, 1781. 
 
 The within account examined and there is allowed thereon £78. Is. 
 
 4p., and the treasurer is directed to pay the same to Capt. Abel Marsh 
 
 or bearer. 
 
 TIMOTHY BROWNSON,") Committee 
 THOMAS CHANDLER, [■ of 
 
 JOHN STRONG. j Pay Table. 
 
 Treasurer's Office, Charlestown, " 
 Oct. 24, 1781. Received of the treas- 
 urer the contents of this order in be- 
 half of Capt. Abel Marsh. 
 
 PETER OLCOTT. 
 
 'In September 1777, Gen. Bajlej was at Castleton on military business and 
 affixed the initials "B. D. G." to his name, which probably was meant for Briga- 
 dier General. He was commissary General of the northern department when the 
 above named order was given. 
 
84 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 On the 26th of March, 1778, ihe Governor and Council, empowered 
 by the General Assembly, appointed a court to confiscate and order the 
 sale of the estates, both real and personal, belonging to the enemies of 
 the United States, which laid within the limits of Vermont. Two courts 
 were established, one for Cumberland, the other Bennington County. 
 The court for Cumberland county consisted of Lieut. Governor 
 Marsh, Jacob Bayley, Thomas Murdook, Peter Olcott, Benjamin Emmons 
 Paul Spooner, and Benjamin Carpenter. Any four of these were to be 
 a quorum. The court for Cumberland County found many causes for 
 confiscation, but it does not appear of record that any estates were con- 
 fiscated in Hartford, or that any punishment was inflicted upon any of 
 her inhabitants. Still, there may have been cases of sequestration, as 
 there wer* in the adjoining town of Hartland, and in Windsor. Corpo- 
 real punishment was inflicted in many portions of the State. One case 
 will be sufficient to illustrate the intent, if not the application of the 
 law of chastisement. One Francis Breakenridge had been arrested for 
 inimical conduct, and after being kept in durance vile for some time, 
 asked leave to return home. Leave was granted in the following 
 terms : — 
 
 " Francis Breakenridge is permitted to return home and remain on 
 his father's farm, and if found off to expect 39 lashes of the Beach Seal, 
 until further order from this Council." 
 
 One Zadock Wright, of Hartland, rendered himself very obnoxious 
 to his neighbors, and in consequence his property was seized by order 
 of the Council, his farm was rented to Moses Evans, with some excep- 
 tions in favor of his wife. It is supposed that the following voucher of 
 expenses, or return of services by a guard or guards relates to the said 
 Wright, for the reason that the men named as guards were members of 
 the militia of Hartford and Hertford (Hartland). 
 
 A Eeturn of the gard that garded Maj. Wright : — Elkanah Sprague, 
 Thomas Eitcheson (Eichardson), Jeremiah Eust, Phineas Eust, Eli 
 Willard and Achial Eust. Time three days and three nights at one 
 pound six shillings each. Total £10. 4s. 
 
 Test Elkanah Sprague ofeser of the gard. Hartford, June, 1778. 
 
 A return of another gard that gearded said Wright : — Joseph Marsh, 
 Jr., Andrew Tracy, Stephen Tilden, Jr., and David Wright. Time 3 
 days and 3 nights. Wages £1. 6s. each. Total £7. 4s. 
 
 Esq. Dana, Zebulon Lee and Joseph Marsh, Jr., who guarded said 
 Wright to " No 4," 2 days with horses and expenses 2 pounds, 15 shil- 
 lings each. Total £8 5s. 
 
 Test David Wright, sargent of the gard, June, 1778. 
 Hartford, Oct. 24th, 1778. This may sartify that the above gards were 
 ordered by me. 10.4 
 
 7.4 
 JOSEPH MASH,' Major of geard 8.5 
 
 ■' Son of Lt.-Gov. Joseph Marsh. £25.13.0 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 85 
 
 The foregoing will convey a very clear idea of the course pursued by 
 the -Council toward the enemies of the State and U. S. government. 
 Doubtless punishment was administered in many instances with un- 
 called for severity. Proscription and confiscation was the rule against 
 every expression of loyalty to the old regime. Those who had been loyal 
 subjects of the King, were, doubtless, unable to suppress their prefer- 
 ences in that direction, and to those who were struggling against every 
 obstacle to maintain what they deemed a righteous cause, every mani- 
 festation in opposition to that cause was magnified into dangerous hos- 
 tility, and those who were lukewarm, as well as those who assumed a 
 hostUe attidude, were denounced as tories, or traitors, and an indiscrim- 
 inate poHcy of warfare was visited upon them. A sweeping system of 
 confiscation, ostracism and corporeal punishment was practiced against 
 the inimical, and they in turn hounded on the savages to butcher with 
 the tomahawk or maim with the scalping knife, the neighbors with 
 whom, in other days, "they took sweet counsel and walked to the house 
 of God in company." Some compassion was shown to the families of 
 the proscribed, but nothing was left of movable property but such 
 articles as human compassion revolted against appropriating. "Those 
 who are not for us, are against us," was the rule of action. " Woe to 
 the vanquished," cried the conquering Gaul Brennus, as with false 
 weights he appropriated the redemption money of the Eomans ; " Woe 
 to the vanquished," was the rule by which Ira Allen j)roposed to sup- 
 port and pay a regiment of Eangers in the work of seizing the property 
 of enemical persons, including the passive and the active, the fighting 
 and the flying ; " Woe to the vanquished," was the rule of Congress to 
 replenish an empty treasury. 
 
 MILITIA or HAETFOBD DOINH FRONTIER DUTY. 
 
 From the journals of the Governor and Council, and the Council of 
 Safety, recently published, I have gathered facts showing that on 
 several occasions men were drafted in Hartford for service in defending 
 the frontier of the State from the date of the Dorset convention to the 
 cessation of the troubles between Vermont and New York. 
 
 It appears that there were six regiments of militia in the State in 
 1777. One of these regiments was commanded by Col. Joel Marsh of 
 Hartford. On the 2d of AprU, 1779, the Governor and Council, as 
 Board of War, ordered a draft of men to reinforce the military on the 
 northern frontiers of the State. Orders were sent to the following 
 colonels, viz: Col. Samuel Fletcher, Col. Samuel Herrick, Col. 
 Marsh, and Col. Gideon Warren. Of the one hundred men, exclusive o 
 
86 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 commissioned officers, to be raised, the quota of Col. Marsh of Hartford 
 was fixed at one 1st lieutenant and thirty non-commissioned officers and 
 men, and these were to be drawn from towns in Cumberland County, as 
 well as some of those raised by the other colonels above named. 
 
 On the 5th June, 1779, the Board of War made another call for men 
 to serve as a guard at Eutland and the frontiers of ihe State. Col. 
 Marsh's quota comprised one captain, one ensign, three sergeants, and 
 thirty rank and file, total thirty five. On the 30th July, 1779, an addi- 
 tional twenty-six effective men of the militia were raised to be sent to 
 Eutland. Of this number Col. Marsh furnished six privates, all citizens 
 of Hartford. 
 
 April 6th, 1780, the Board of War resolved, " That one company of 
 75 men exclusive of officers be immediatley raised to joinMaj. Ebenezer 
 Allen's for the defence of the frontiers." The proportion from Col. 
 Joel Marsh's regiment was 12 men, some of whom were from Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 On the 11th of May, 1780, at Arlington, the Board of War resolved 
 that, in consideration of the fact that continental provision of sub- 
 sistence for troops on the frontiers was stopped, and that the soldiers 
 were without meat, the selectmen of each town in the State should 
 collect thirty pounds of salt pork for each man raised in said towns, 
 and, if said pork could not be collected otherwise, the selectmen should 
 take the same from the inhabitants in proportion to what each family 
 possessed ; an account of the pork to be kept and expense of trans- 
 portation of the same to Eutland for which the State would pay. The 
 amount proportioned to Hartford was 180 pounds, showing that Ihe 
 number of her citizens' then in service at Eutland was six. 
 
 On the 18th of August, 1780, the Board of War resolved that Col. 
 Joel Marshj of Hartford, and other officers, should be a committee to 
 station Capt. Safford's and Capt. Cox's companies of rangers : and "that 
 said committee should stake out the grounds for forts and give direc- 
 tions how said forts should be built — having reference to the present 
 campaign only, as the lands that the several surveyors are now survey- 
 ing to the west and north of you will be a settling next spring." 
 
 The foregoing is all that appears in the records of the Governor and 
 Council concerning the participation of Hartford people in the defence 
 of the frontiers ; which service, it must be remembered, was performed 
 in the interest of the C!!ontinental government. 
 
 On the 24th of April, 1778, the Governor and Council sent by express 
 to Lieut. Governor Marsh, of Hartford, a letter, ordered by the follow- 
 ing resolution that day passed in Council, viz : — 
 
 Eesolved, that his Excellency the Governor write to (Lieut.) Governor 
 Marsh to acquaint him that it is the Eesolution of this CouncU that the 
 whole of the Troops that were to be raised to fill Col. Warner's regiment 
 to march fortwith to Eutland, which is the Eesolution of this Council 
 and Governor Marsh is to be requested and ordered, to order the officers 
 commanding the said Troops to march them to be raised in Cumberland 
 county to Eutland, and the Governor is to order the commanding 
 officer of the Two Eegiments in this (Bennington) county, to order their 
 men immediately to march. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. • 87 
 
 Pursuant to this request, Governor Marsh ordered the officers com- 
 manding troops in Cumberland county to collect their men and march 
 to Butlaud. One of the commanding officers in said county was Colonel 
 Joel Marsh, of Sharon, who, on receipt of a copy of said order, wrote 
 the following letter to Simon Stevens of Springfield : — 
 Honoured Sib : — 
 
 These are to inform you that it is ordered by ye Governor and Coun- 
 sell that the men that are raised in my regiment be ordered to meet at 
 Windsor in order to cheuse their officers for said company in order to 
 march to Rutland as soon as may be. I have therefore appointed next 
 Thursday, to be ye time to meet at Landlord Hastings house in Windsor 
 at 10 o'clock in ye forenoon for said purpose, and desire your assistance 
 in collecting said men, Sir, I should be glad if you would order Rock- 
 ingham, Kent (Londonderry), Springfield, Chester, Andover, Weathers- 
 field, and Cavendish to send their men on said day, and I should be 
 glad if Tou would meet with us if you can. I am sir with great respect 
 your most humble servant, 
 
 JOEL MARSH,' Colo. 
 
 Hartford, May ye 9th, 1778. 
 
 In the Vermont Historical Society's collection of documents relating 
 to the events of the American Revolution, I have discovered several 
 papers of an interesting nature, and valuable withal in view of the fact 
 that they afford the only adducible evidence on record of the part taken 
 by the inhabitants of Hartford in the said Revolution. These papers 
 are mostly in the form of pay-rolls, and vouchers for services performed 
 by scouting parties, guards and detachments, under the command both 
 of commissioned and non-commissioned officers, according to the nature 
 of the service in which they were respectively engaged. The service of 
 guards over inimical persons has already been alluded to. Other cases 
 will now be quoted, viz: — 
 
 " A pay-roll of Sergeant Nathaniel Throops gard ordered out by Col. 
 Joel Marsh to be under direction of John Benjamin, High Sherifif in the 
 State of Vermont, to guard Enemical Persons from Windsor to Albany, 
 from thence to Bennington, from the time of engaging until discharge 
 by the Sheriff, commencing the 17th of July and ending the 1st of 
 August, 1778, both days included. 
 
 Men's names — Nathaniel Throop, sergeant; Abel Davis, corporal; 
 privates — John Gillett, Daniel Ainsworth, Oliver Wilhams, Ellet Por- 
 ter, Vespasia Norsiton, John Darling, Silas Bannester, Denison Emer- 
 son. Wages of sergeant and corporal, 3f. Privates, 3 — per day. 2 
 horses 14 days. 2 pack horses 120 miles at 6d per mile per horse, facit 
 £6—0—0. 
 
 'Joel Marsh resided in West Hartford until 1777, when he removed to Sharon. 
 He was chosen to be Captain of a company of militia in the Upper regiment of 
 Cumberland County in 1775; Nov. 21, 1775, he was nominated by the Committee 
 of Safety for Cumberland County to be 2d Major in the said regiment. June 
 4th, 1777, he was one of the delegates from Sharon to the General Convention at 
 Windsor. The date of his commission as colonel of a Vermont regiment does 
 not appear. 
 
88 • HISTOEY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 Endorsements on back of roll — " The committee to examine accounts 
 having examined the within find due thereon £28 — 13 — 0. 
 
 PAUL SPOONER,") p .,, 
 BEN J. EMMONS, j '^''"i^i^ee. 
 
 To Ira Allen, Treasurer, You are hereby ordered to pay Nath'l. 
 Throop the within roll which amounts to £28 — -13. 
 
 THOMAS CHITTENDEN. 
 
 "Received, Windsor Oct. 26, 1778, of Ira Allen, treasurer, £28— 13 in 
 full. Endorsed by John Benjamin, Sheriff." 
 
 The next paper in order of date relates to scouting service: — "A re- 
 turn of a scout sent out by Capt. (Joshua) Hazzen (Hazen) June, 1778. 
 Andrew Tracy, Stephen Tilden, Wm. Allen, out 7 days, at 12 shillings 
 per day per man finding their own provition £12.12s." 
 
 " Return of a scout sent out by Capt. Hazzen, Aug. 1778. Israel Gil- 
 lett, Asa Hazen, John Button, Elias Chapman, 7 days at 36 shillings a 
 day, finding their own provitions, £16. 16s." 
 
 " A return of a scout sent out by Col. Marsh Aug. 1778 — Beriah 
 Green, Silas Newton, and Wm. Freeman, 16 days at 36 shillings per day 
 finding themselves, £28.16s. 
 
 Hartford Oct. ye 24th, 1778, in pursuants to orders received from the 
 Mai general ' the above scouts was sent out. 
 
 By me, JOEL MARSH, C61." 
 
 During the wars between Great Britain and France, the Indian tribes 
 of Canada found service, first with the French and then with the Eng- 
 lish, as interest or passion dictated them. The Indians were first stim- 
 ulated by the French to murder and pillage the defenceless inhabitants 
 of the American-English colonies, and this procedure was received by 
 the English with execrations. But during the Revolutionary war, 
 England employed the same savages as allies to pillage and massacre 
 their own brethren ; and it is more than probable that merciless savages 
 were incited by the government of New York to do murderous work 
 upon the inhabitants of Vermont. 
 
 Dr. Dwight, speaking of the perilous situation of the eary settlers of 
 New England, says : 
 
 " The greatest of aU the evils which they suffered were derived from 
 the savages. These people kept the colonists, after the first hostilities 
 commenced, in almost perpetual terror and alarm. The first annunci- 
 ation of an Indian war is its actual commencement. In the hour of 
 security, silence and sleep, when your enemies are supposed to be 
 friends quietly employed in hunting and fishing, when they are believed 
 to be at a distance of several hundred miles, and perfectly thoughtless 
 of you and yours ; when thus unsuspecting, slumbering on your pillow, 
 your sleep is broken up by the war-whoop ; your house, your village are 
 set on fire ; your family and friends are butchered and scalped ; your- 
 
 'The ist section of the "Militia Act," passed in February, 1779, made the lieu- 
 tenant-governor major-general. In a letter written by Gov. Chittenden to Lieut- 
 Gov. Marsh, 29th of April, 177S, he addressed him as major-general. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 89 
 
 self and a few other wretched survivors are hurried into captivity to be 
 roasted alive at the stake, or to have your body stuck full of skewers 
 and burnt by inches. Tou are a farmer and have gone abroad to the 
 customary work of the field ; there you are shot down from behind a 
 tree ; or you return at evening and find your house burnt and your 
 family gone ; or perhaps discover their half -consumed- bones mingled 
 with the ashes of your dwelling, or your wife murdered and your little 
 ones lying beside her, after having been dashed against a tree." 
 
 If one would learn something of the horrors of an Indian massacre, 
 let him read the records of the bloodshed and violence perpetrated in 
 the Wyoming, Mohawk, Schoharie, and Cherry Valleys, by tories and 
 Indians in 1778. Or coming nearer our own homes, peruse the tales of 
 inhuman atrocities by the St. Francis Indians — the savage rangers of 
 the French and Indian wars, — in the valley of the Connecticut, in the 
 Cohos * region, as late as 1760 ; and in Vermont stUl later. The history 
 of the attack on Boyalton in 1780, and on Peaeham in 1781, is familiar 
 to nearly every student of history in Vermont. The following tran- 
 scripts of pay-rolls will give an idea of the services rendered by the 
 militia of Hartford in guarding the frontiers and repelling invasions by 
 Indians: — 
 
 " A pay-roll of Capt. Joshua Hazen's Company that turned out by the 
 order of Col. Joseph Safford to the intent to head that party of the 
 enemy (Indians) that was suppbsed was going to Cohoss in their return 
 in October last A. D. 1780. Our march was as far as Bethel." 
 
 (The pay-rolls are made up in tabulated form and cannot be given 
 here in the original form, but the names of officers and privates engaged 
 in service, together with the number of days they served, wages per 
 day, miles traveled, mileage pay and total amount of pay-roll will be 
 given.) 
 
 " Officers — Capt. Joshua Hazen ; Lt Wm Bramble, Sergiant David 
 Wright, Corporals John Gillett, and Hezekiah Hazen. 
 
 JPrivates — Solomon Hazen, Erastus Chapman, Joseph Chapman, 
 Jonathan Wright, Barnabas Tisdel, Josiah Tilden, James Tracy, Seth 
 Savage, John Cheney, Enoch Emerson. 
 
 Service 3 days each ; Captains pay 16s pr day ; Lieuts do 12s ; Ser- 
 geants do, 4s 10 ; Corporal's do 4s 5. Privates do 4s. Miles of travel 
 by each 30, at 10s mileage. Total £12-11-8. 
 
 Captains and Lieutenants rations 2 days each." 
 
 This roll was attested by Capt. Joshua Hazen ; sworn to by him at 
 Norwich before Nathaniel Brown, Justice of the Peace ; examined and 
 approved June 23d, 1781, at Bennington, by Pay Table committee, 
 
 1 Cohos or Coos is an Indian name, signifying " crooked," and is said to have 
 been given originally to a bend in Connecticut river and the territory belonging 
 on either side of it, including in New Hampshire, Lancaster, Northumberland 
 and Stratford, and in Vermont, Lunenburg, Guildhall and Maidstone. 
 
90 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 who directed its payment to Joshua Hazen or bearer, and was paid June 
 23, 1781. 
 
 The following is the sum and substance of a pay-roll that will be read 
 with interest. It is the only record extant of the names of the citizens of 
 Hartford in 1780, and contains the names of a great majority of the 
 voting portion of the population at that period. It is a register of the 
 ancestors of a large number of the present citizens of the town, and is a 
 matter of history worthy of preservation on other accounts. 
 
 The number of days service, number of miles travel and traveling 
 wages were, for both officers and privates, the same, viz : — three 
 days service ; forty miles travel ; thirteen shillings four pence traveling 
 wages. The wages for service were as follows : Captain, 16 shillings ; 
 Lieutenant, 12s ; Ensign, 8s ; Sergeant, 4s. 5p ; Clerk, 4s. 5p ; C(»poral, 
 4s. 2p. and privates, 4s. Rations for Captain, Lieutenant and Ensign, 
 three days. 
 
 The roll is headed, " A Pay-roll of Capt. Joshua Hazen's Compan y 
 in Col. John Wood's regiment, that marched to Brookfield in the larm 
 Oct 1780." 
 
 "Names of Officers — Capt Joshua Hazen; Lieut. Wm. Bramble; Ensign 
 Elkanah Sprague; Sergeants Ellas Chapman, Asa Hazen, Andrew Tracy and 
 David Wright; Clert, Asa Emerson; Corporals, Wm. Dunha,m, John Gillett, 
 Hezekiah Hazen and Stephen TUden. 
 
 Privates — Elnathaa Allen, Wm Allen, Jonathan Bennett, David Bliss, Wm 
 Burch, Erastus Chapman, Joseph Chapman, Simon Chapman, John Cheney, Dan'l 
 Clark, Nehemiah Closson, Simeon Curtis, Barjone Demmon, Levi Demmon, 
 Jolm Dutton, Enoch Eaton, Enoch Emerson, Daniel O. Gillett, Ezekiel GiUett, 
 Isai-ael Gillett, Jacob Hall, Jonathan Hall, Willis Hall, Daniel Hazen, Solomon 
 Hazen, Thomas Hazen, Thomas Hazen, Jr., Thomas Holbrook, Timothy 
 Johnson, Abel Marsh, Samuel Marsh, John Marsh Lieutenant-Oovemor 
 Joseph Marsh, Joseph Mai-sh, Jr., Roger Marsh, Elijah Mason, David New- 
 ton, Christopher Pease, Daniel Pease, Samuel Pianeo, EUot Porter, Calvia 
 Powell, Luther Powell, Rowland Powell, Rowland Powell, Jr., Jonathan 
 Reynolds, Jehial Robbins, Fi-ancis W. Savage, Seth Savage, Solomon Sitzele, 
 Ashbell Smith, Ignatius Sprague, Benajah Strong, Phiaeas Strong, Solo- 
 mon Sti-ong, Solomon Strong, Jr., Josiah Terry, Josiah Tilden, Stephen TUden, 
 Barnabas Tisdel, James Ti-aoy, Thomas Tracy, Lemuel White, Joseph Williams, 
 Benjamin Wright, Jonathan Wright. Total number of officers and privates, 78. 
 Amount of pay, £60.5s.7p. 
 
 A true copy of the pay-roll, attest Joshua Hazen Capt Norwich June ye 9th 
 1781. 
 
 Then personally appeared Capt Joshua Hazen, of Hartford, and made oath to 
 the within pay-roll that it was made according to the best judgnaent. 
 
 Before me Nath'l Brown, Justice Peace. 
 
 Pay-roU office, Bennington, June ye 33, 1781. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 91 
 
 The within account examined and approved and the ti-easurer is directed to 
 pay the same which is £60.7s.5p.i 
 
 JOHN FASSETT ) 
 
 [■ Committee 
 TIMOTHY BROWNSON ) 
 
 June 33d 1781. Received of Ira AUen treasurer the contents of this order. — 
 Elkanah Sprague." 
 
 It will be seen that Lieut. -Governor Marsh served as a private in this 
 expedition, and that the list comprises six of the Marsh family then liv- 
 ing at Quechee. 
 
 In October, 1780, Capt. Edmund Hodges' company, in Col. Joseph 
 Safford's regiment, did service for fourteen days at Fort Fortitude, 
 Bethel, Vt. Among the members of said company were Lieut. Asa 
 Hazen, Sergt. Elijah Mason, Sergt. Andrew Tracy, Corporals Stephen 
 Tilden and Asa Emerson, and Privates Wm. Burch, Nehemiah Closson, 
 Luther Powell, Jacob Hall, Francis W. Savage, Thomas Tracy, Solomon 
 Strong, Phineas Wright, all of Hartford. 
 
 An attack was made on Peacham, Vt., March 8, 1781. Col. Thomas 
 Johnson of Newbury, who had engaged to erect a grist mill at Peacham, 
 arrived at the house of Jonathan Elkins on the evening of the 7th of 
 March. About 1 o'clock the next morning a party of Indians from Can- 
 ada, invaded the house of Mr. Elkins, and made prisoners of Col. John- 
 son, Jacob Page, and young Jonathan Elkins, and took them to St. 
 Johns, P. Q. The news of the foray reached Hartford by express sent 
 by Gen. Bayley, who requested immediate help. Capt. Joshua Hazen 
 promptly responded to the requisition and marched with a portion of 
 his company to Piermont, N. H., but there learning that the enemy 
 could not be overtaken, he retraced his steps. A portion of Capt. Haz- 
 en's company was at Quechee when the dispatch was received by that 
 officer. On receiving notification from Capt. Hazen to march to Peach- 
 am, Lieut. Wm. Bramble collected the members of the company at 
 Quechee, and proceeded toward Peacham, but had marched no further 
 than Dresden (Hanover, N. H.) when Capt. Hazen arrived there on his 
 return from Peacham, and all returned to Hartford to rendezvous until 
 again called into service. 
 
 " A pay-roll of Capt. Joshua Hazen's company who marched to Peir- 
 mont upon Gen. Bayley's request, March 9th, 1781. Capt. Joshua Haz- 
 en ; Sergeants Elias Chapman, Asa Hazen, Andrew Tracy and David 
 Wright ; Corporals, John Gillett, Hezekiah Hazen and Stephen Tilden ; 
 Privates, Jonathan Bennett, Nath'l Bugbee, Benjamin Burk, Erastus 
 and Joseph Chapman, Nehemiah Closson, Simeon Curtis, Enoch Eaton, 
 Israel Gillett, Solomon and Thomas Hazen, Timothy Johnson, Calvin 
 and Luther Powell, Artemus Eobinson, Seth and Thomas Savage, Solo- 
 
 'An error in favor of the State. Amount should be £68.18.9. 
 
92 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 mon, Jr., and Wm. Strong, Josiah and Stephen Tilden, Josepli 
 and Thomas Tracy, Benjamin and Redington Wright. Service 2 days, 
 travel 60 miles. 
 
 Roll approved June 22d, and paid to Elkanah Sprague, June 23d, 
 1781." 
 
 The company from Quechee consisted of Lieut. Wm. Bramble, Sergt. 
 Asa Emerson, Corporal Wm. Dunham, Privates Elnathan Allen, James, 
 Jonathan and Wm. Burch,.John Carpenter, Wm. Curtis, Joshua Dewey, 
 Jacob and Jesse Hall, Isaac Jones, Abel, Daniel, Joseph Jr. and Roger 
 Marsh, Eliot Porter, Jonathan Reynolds, Thomas Richardson, Elkanah 
 Sprague and Oliver Waterman. 
 
 Services 2 days, miles travel 12. Total pay £7.12.4.2. 
 
 Approved at Bennington, June 22d, and paid June 23d, to Elkanah 
 Sprague. 
 
 In June, 1781, a portion of Capt. Joshua Hazen's company were on 
 scouting duty, with headquarters at Strafford. The scouts comprised 
 men from Hartford and Norwich, who were under the immediate inspec- 
 tion of Col. Peter Olcott. 
 
 In August, 1781, a company was ordered out under the command of 
 Capt. Wm. Bramble, to march to the fort in Bethel. The company com- 
 prised Capt. Wm. Bramble, Lieut. Asa Hazen, Ensign David Wright, 
 Sergt. Andrew Tracy, Asa Emerson, and Wm. Dunham. Privates — 
 Jonathan Burch, Erastus Chapman, Levi Demmon, Gershom Dunham, 
 Eliphalet Marsh, Matthew Ransom, Artemus Robinson, Thomas Savage 
 and Solomon Strong. Service 4 days, miles travel 25. Total pay 
 £12.5s.2p. 
 
 Under date of Oct. 9th, 1781, Capt. Hazen seat to the pay-roll com- 
 mittee the following voucher, viz : — 
 
 " Hartford, Oct. 9, A. D. 1781. 
 
 A pay-roll of the men that was out in the Royalton larm last October, 
 who through mistake was left out of the roll that I sent in at the ses- 
 sion of June last, viz : Samuel Webster, Wm. Powers, Christopher 
 Pease, Elisha Marsh, Benjamin Steetson, Wm. Porter, Benjamin Burch, 
 Wm. Curtis and Benjamin Kingsbury. 
 
 JOSHUA HAZEN, Capt. 
 
 Days service 3, at 1.4 per day. Travel 34 miles. Pay 11.4. Amt. 
 15.4. Total amount £6.18. Approved by committee." 
 
 " Pay-roll for company that marched to Bethel fort in Aug. 1781, 
 being called out by authority under Elkanah Sprague Capt, viz : Elka- 
 nah Sprague, captain ; privates, Benjamin Wright, John Carpenter, 
 Thomas Hazen, Wm. Powers, Jonathan Powers. 
 
 (Signed) ELKANAH SPRAGUE, Cap^." 
 
 The foregoing pay-rolls constitute the only adducible evidence on 
 record of the services actually performed by the citizen militia of 
 Hartford for and in behalf of the State of Vermont. The last records 
 of the town undoubtedly contain evidence of an important nature relat- 
 ing to this subject. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 98 
 
 HAKTFOBD ABANDONS NEW YORK. 
 
 The Declaration of Independence rendered the situation of the in- 
 habitants on the New Hampshire Grants worse than before. New Hamp- 
 shire had severed all political connection with them ; their controversy 
 with New York was at a white heat, and Congress ignored their every claim 
 to a recognition. The Convention of New York had, August 2d, 1776, 
 unanimously voted " That all quit-rents formerly due to the Crown are 
 now due and owing to this convention, or such future government as 
 shall hereafter be established in this State." To submit to such claims 
 was to reduce themselves to^ a condition of slavery and beggary. To, 
 openly rebel against such extortion would probably bring on a violent 
 contest with New York, and with Congress also, and " to continue with- 
 out some form of government for the protection of their just rights was 
 regarded as impossible." This condition of things urged action in the 
 direction of establishing the independence of Vermont. No measures 
 were more necessary and no better time could be chosen. They had' 
 never, acceded to the claims of New York, and the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence severed every tie to Great Britain. The claims of New York 
 were founded alone upon an arbitrary decree of the King surrepti- 
 tiously obtained, and the dissolution of all connection with Britain ren- 
 dered the King's decree null and void. The people were, as they 
 expressed it, " reduced to a state of nature," or left free to form a 
 government for and by themselves. 
 
 The open declaration of these sentiments, together with the efforts 
 made by the people on the grants, on the west side of the Green Moun- 
 tains, at length resulted in rousing the inhabitants on the eastern side 
 of the grants to a sense of duty. They were driven by force of popu- 
 lar sentiment to abandon their conservative position and unite in form- 
 ing a government suitable to their condition. In this crisis the leadins; 
 men of Hartford no longer talked of compromises, nor of the policy of 
 temporizing. 
 
 On the 15th of January, 1777, a convention of delegates from both 
 sides of the Green Mountains assembled at Westminster. In this con- 
 vention Hartford was represented by Stephen Tilden, than whom no 
 better man could have been chosen a delegate. Woodstock was repre- 
 sented by Benj. Emmons; Norwich, by Jacob Burton, and Maj. Thonjas 
 Moredock ; Pomfret, Barnard and Royalton, were each represented by 
 a letter voting for a new State. Ebenezer Hoisington represented 
 Windsor. The delegates were all " good men and true.'' 
 
 The convention was opened with Capt. Joseph Bowker, in the chair. 
 Doct. Reuben Jones was chosen clerk pro tempore, the convention then 
 
94 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 adjourned to the 16th inst. On re-assembling Thursday n^orning, 
 Lieut. Leonard Spaulding, Ebenezer Hoisington and Major Thomas 
 Moredock, were chosen to examine into the members that had voted for 
 the district of the New Hampshire Grants to be a separate State from 
 New York, and how many were known to be against it, and to report as 
 soon as may be. The committee made the following report : — 
 
 " We find by examination that more than three-fourths of the people 
 in Cumberland and Gloucester counties, that have acted, are for a new 
 State ; the rest we view as neuters." 
 
 The convention then adjourned for one hour. Convention opened 
 at time, and voted N. C. D. i 
 
 " That the district of land commonly called and known by the name 
 of New Hampshire Grants be a new and separate State ; and for the 
 future conduct themselves as such. 
 
 Voted. That Nathan Clark, Esq., Mr. Ebenezer Hoisington, Capt. 
 John Burnham, Mr. Jacob Burton, and Col. Thomas Chittfinden, be a 
 committee to prepare a draught for a decls,ration for a new and separate 
 State, and report to this Convention as soon as may be. 
 
 Voted: That Capt. Ira Allen, Col. Thomas Chandler, Doctor Eeuben 
 Jones, Mr. Stephen TUden and Mr. Nathan Clark, Jr., be a committee 
 to draw a plan for further proceedings, and repoi-t, &c. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned until the next morning. 
 
 On Friday niorning the committee chosen to bring in a draught of a 
 declaration, reported in substance as follows "? — 
 
 1st. That whenever protection is withheld, no allegiance is due or 
 can of right be demanded. 
 
 2d. That whenever the lives and properties of a part of a community 
 have been manifestly aimed at by either the legislative or executive 
 authority of such community, necessity requires a separation. And 
 whereas the Congress of the several States did, in said Congress, on 
 the 15th of May, A. D. 1776, in a similar case, " Resolve that it be rec- 
 ommended to the respective assemblies and conventions of the United 
 colonies, where no government sufficient to the exigencies of their 
 affairs, hath been hitherto established, to adopt such government as 
 shall in the opinion of the representatives of the people, best conduce 
 to the happiness and safety of their constituents in particular and 
 America in general.'" 
 
 Your committee offer the following declaration, viz : — 
 
 This convention whose members are duly chosen by the voice of their 
 constituents, do hereby proclaim and publicly declare that the district 
 of territory comprehending and usually known by the name and descrip 
 tion of the New Hampshire Grants, of right ought to be, and is hereby 
 declared forever hereafter to be considered as a free and independent 
 jurisdiction or State, by the name and forever thereafter to be called, 
 known, and distinguished by the Name of New Connecticut ; and that 
 
 'John Adams originated this resolution for the purpose [of suppressing govern- 
 ments under the Crown in the then United Colonies. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORB. 95 
 
 the inhabitants that at present are, or that may hereafter become 
 resident either by birth or emigration within said territory, shall be 
 entitled to the same privileges, immunities, and enfranchisements as 
 are allowed, and"on such condition and in such manner as the present 
 inhabitants shall or may enjoy ; which are and shall be forever con- 
 sidered to be such privileges and immunities as are allowed to any in- 
 habitants of the independent States of America. Such shall be regulated 
 in a bill of rights, and by a form of government to be established at 
 the next session of this Convention. 
 
 The Convention immediately informed Congress of these proceedings, 
 and at the same session appointed a Committee of War on the east side 
 of the mountains of which Mr. Stephen Tilden, of Hartford, was made 
 a member. Mr. Tilden was also appointed one of a committee to draw 
 a letter forbidding the delegates from Cumberland County sitting in 
 the Provincial Congress of the State of New York." 
 
 'June 20, 1776, Col. Joseph Marsh, Deacon John Sessions, and Simon Stevens 
 were appointed " Representatives to go to New York" by the Cumberland County 
 Committee of Safety, and not by the people. Col. Marsh did not attend. Messrs. 
 Sessions and Stevens attended, and the said letter was addressed to them only. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 CUSTOMS or THE OLDEN TIME. 
 
 The old Latin maxim : " Omnia mutantur nos et mutamur in illis," 
 has an exemplification in the remarkable changes that have occurred in 
 the customs, habits and manners of the people of New England within 
 the last eighty years. Whether there has been a marked progression or 
 a retrocession in the moral and social condition of the people at large 
 during the period named, is a question that cannot be properly consid- 
 ered nor discussed by the writer at this time. " History is philosophy 
 teaching by example.'' Whatever was right and commendable in the- 
 manners and customs of our ancestors, as well as those things which 
 were wrong and reprehensible, should be impartially chronicled by the 
 historian of to-day, that the rising generations may avoid their errors 
 and mistakes, and emulate only their virtuous actions. A distinguished 
 historian has said : "This I hold to be the chief ofiice of History, to rescue 
 virtuous actions from the oblivion to which a want of records would 
 consign them, and that men should feel a dread of being considered 
 infamous in the opinions of posterity, from their depraved expressions 
 and base action." 
 
 Our ancestors, the pioneer settlers of Hartford, were a people of 
 simple, frugal habits ; they were warm-hearted, generous-minded, and 
 self-sacrificing in their intercourse with each other, hospitable to friends 
 and strangers alike ; outspoken, earnest and fearless in the avowal and 
 defense of their religious principles and political sentiments; con- 
 scientious and honest in their business dealings with others. They 
 were cheerful, contented amid the privations they experienced, lovers 
 of fun, fond of athletic sports, courageous in danger, patriotic at all 
 times. They were given to drinking flip, toddy and sling, which was 
 not considered venial unless indulged in to the extent of habitual inebri- 
 ation. Owing, however, to the plainness, and oftentimes scantiness of 
 their daily food, their out-of-door manual labor and their many pri- 
 vations, their habitual use of such stimulants proved to them less 
 harmful than it would had they been as daintily bred as the people 
 of this generation. 
 
 When the first settlers came into the township they found the land 
 covered with a dense growth of timber; that on the low lands adjacent 
 to the rivers being chiefly white pine of a large size, with elm and black 
 
HI8TOEY OF HARTFORD. 97 
 
 ash, while the hill lands were covered with maple, beech, birch, oak and 
 hemlock. The first settlements were made on the hills. This occurred 
 for several reasons: Ist, because the opinion prevailed that the hill 
 lands, being thickly covered with a vegetable mold formed from leaves 
 falling for a long succession of ages, were more friendly to every species 
 of vegetation than the pine lands; secondly, because the hill lands being 
 more lightly timbered than the low lands, were more easily cleared; 
 thirdly, because the hill regions were considered more healthful than 
 the swampy low lands, and lastly because the timber on the hills fur- 
 nished material for making charcoal, and potash, and for the production 
 of maple sugar and at the same time the woodland was valuable on 
 account of the food and shelter it afforded for cattle and other live 
 stock. 
 
 The first business of the settlers was the clearing of a portion of their 
 land and building thereon a temporary dwelling house built up of logs, and 
 rudely constructed. In this work the settlers assisted each other, and in 
 this, and in other similar works when neighbors turned out to lend a help, 
 ing hand, they regarded it a frolic, and worked with willing hearts and 
 ready hands. There were two methods practiced in clearing land. The 
 general practice was to cut down and remove such trees as was best 
 suited for houses, and for fencing, and to set fire to the rest and the rub- 
 bish on the field, and thus to proceed in the work until the required 
 number of acres for cultivation were cleared. In other cases the whole 
 wood was cut. down, the trees trimmed of their branches which were 
 thrown into piles, and after laying until sufficiently dry, fire was set to 
 the whole. The logs remaining unburnt were thrown into piles, after 
 which the cleared ground was sown with wheat, or planted with corn or 
 potatoes, which generally gave the cultivator a fine crop. Sometimes, 
 in the process of clearing land, the timber was utilized in making char- 
 coal and potash. Sometimes the largest trees wei-e girdled — that is, the 
 bark near the foot of the tree was cut around so as completely to destroy 
 the vessels by which the progress of circulation is conducted, and their 
 decay was rapid. After saw-mills came into use, and matters were so 
 far arranged that the settlers had means and leisure to erect comfortable 
 dwelling houses and other buildings, they proceeded to clear the pine 
 lands, and not many years elapsed before they had unwisely stripped 
 their land of the most valuable timber then standing. Thousands upon 
 thousands of white pine trees were consigned to fire, or rolled into the 
 rivers because they were considered less valuable than the land upon 
 which they grew. 
 
 7 
 
98 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The first settlers were poor in worldly means, and had but little more 
 than enough money to enable them to make the journey from Connec- 
 ticut to this town, and erect a log-house. Indeed, had they been 
 wealthy they could not have provided themselves with better, nor with 
 more, desirable dwelling houses. They laid up logs for a house, using 
 poles for rafters and covered these with elm, or hemlock bark, for a 
 roof. For floors they laid split and hewed logs. The crevices between 
 the logs were chinked with clay. Small apertures were left for windows, 
 and paper, or thin white cloth was used as a substitute for glass. Fire- 
 places were built of stone, and for a hearth they laid the longest and 
 widest flat stone, or stones obtainable. Chimneys were built partly of 
 stone and partly of short logs laid up in clay, and they often proved 
 very objectionable on account of a lack of proper draught. The fire- 
 places were of liberal dimensions, and it was not an easy matter to fill 
 one of them with woo(^. A huge back log from six to eight feet long, 
 was first drawn in — oftentimes by a horse, or oxen — and placed on the 
 back of the hearthstone. Another smaller log was placed on top of the 
 back-log and a third in front of it. Above this pile dry branches were 
 laid. This sufficed to make a cheerful fire for a day's time and with 
 proper care was maintained day and night the year round.' 
 
 'Witliout friction matches — what did people do ? 
 We caU them necessities now ; it is true 
 They are a gi-eat blessing, yet folks had a way 
 Of doing without them in grandmother's day. 
 
 The huge open fire-place was deep, and 'twas wide. 
 
 And grandfather often has told us with piide, 
 
 Of oxen he trained to drag over the floor, 
 
 The great heavy back-logs they burned there of yore. 
 
 The fire on the hearth 'twas an understood thing, 
 Must never die out from September to spring ; 
 In live coals and ashes they buried from sight 
 The log to hold fire throughout the long night. 
 
 And this, in the morning, they opened ,with care, 
 To find brightest embers were glimmering there. 
 To then make a blaze, it was easy to do, 
 With wood and a puff of the bellows, or two. 
 
 But sometimes in summer the fire would go out — 
 A fiint and a steel must be then, brought about, 
 A spark from them caught in the tinder near by — 
 Before-hand prepared, and kept perfectly dry. 
 
 Once grandmother told me how tinder was made ; 
 They took burning linen, or cotton, and laid 
 It down in the tinder-box — smothered it there — 
 A mass of scorched rags to be guarded with oare^ 
 
 And when they could find it they took from old ti'ees, 
 Both touch-wood and punk, and made tinder of these, 
 By soaking in niter : but all of these thi-ee — 
 Flint, tinder and steel — we shall very soon see, 
 Would not make a blaze : so they called to their aid, 
 Some matches, not " Lucifers," but the home made. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 99 
 
 These matches were slivers of wood that were tipped 
 
 With sulpliur ; when melted, they in it were dipped ; 
 
 The spark in the tinder would cause one to burn, 
 
 And that lit the candle — a very good turn — 
 
 For when it was lighted all trouble was o'er 
 
 And soon on the hearth, flames were dancing once more. 
 
 If damp was the tinder, or mislaid the flint. 
 They rubbed sticks together (a very hard stint) 
 UntU they ignited ; the more common way 
 Was borrowing fire, I've heard grandniother say. 
 Indeed it was nothing imcommon to do 
 To go for a fire-brand a half mUe or two. 
 
 Good Housekeeping. 
 
 A long iron crane was hung on one side of the fire-place. This swung 
 in and out as required, and from it were suspended, on hooks, pots and 
 kettles used for cooking and other purposes. Iron kettles provided 
 with long legs, and heavy covers and used for baking bread, corn cake, 
 &c , were set on coals, and were called " Dutch ovens.'' These were 
 superceded by tin ovens which were set near the fire. Potatoes and 
 eggs were roasted in hot ashes on the hearthstone. Later when saw- 
 mills came into use they began to build frame houses, generajUy of one 
 story, with a huge chimney in the middle which had a fireplace on each 
 of its four sides, and a large oven in connection with the kitchen fire- 
 place. 
 
 At first their house keeping articles were few in number and of the 
 most primitive kind. An iron kettle or two, a frying pan, a Dutch oven, 
 a few wooden trenchers, pewter platters, plates, spoons and cups, wooden 
 handled knives and forks, water paUs, or buckets made of staves shaped 
 out of pine wood, water dippers made of gourds, three-legged stools to 
 sit upon and set various articles upon, tables made of spUt-logs, hewn 
 on one side as smoothly as possible, and supported by legs made of 
 small saplings cut in proper lengths ; beds of straw laid on bark or 
 hemlock branches, a loom in one corner and spinning wheels here and 
 there. Over the fire place hung the trusty rifle by the aid of which a 
 supply of game was obtained. 
 
 The food of the early settlers consisted wholly of the products of 
 their cultivated patches of land, and of game and fish, then easily ob- 
 tainable. Their customary daily fare consisted of corn-food, such as 
 Johnny-cake, porridge, mush, hulled corn, puddings, and green corn ; 
 buckwheat cakes, rye and wheat brea;d, bean porridge, hot or cold, and 
 " best when nine days old," potatoes roasted in the ashes, pumpkin pies, 
 and, now and then, a partridge or a squirrel stew. Though, as a gen- 
 eral thing they had sufficient food, there were times of scarcity caused 
 by a failure of their crops in inclement seasons, like that of 1780, that 
 necessitated rigid economy and great self-denial. Tradition informs us 
 
100 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 that in 1780 the settlers suffered greatly for food, and many times went 
 supperless to bed. 
 
 The men and women of those early times earned their bread by the 
 sweat of their faces. The men felled the forests, cleared the land, cul- 
 tivated the soil, and garnered the products of their labor. In due pro- 
 cess of time the result of their efforts was seen in fields of waving grass 
 and golden grain, in well-stocked pastures, thriving orchards, well- filled 
 granaries, and substantial, pleasant homes. 
 
 " Oft did the haxvest to their sickle yield, 
 
 Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke; 
 How jocund did they drive their teams afield; 
 
 How bow'd the woods beneath their sturdy stroke." 
 
 The boys of that period were taught to believe in the motto which 
 Mr. Spooner had chosen, and placed in the heading of the Vermont 
 Journal : " The freedom of the people cannot be supported without 
 knowledge and industry," and they rendered valuable assistance to their 
 fathers in every phase of their labor, such as chopping down trees, 
 splitting raUs, making fences, clearing land, mowing grass, reaping grain 
 and threshing it, getting out flax, holding the plow, and working out 
 taxes. 
 
 The women were quite as industrious as were the men, and nobly 
 bore their part as supporters and comforters with unshrinking firmness 
 and inspiring love. 
 
 A certain writer has said : 
 
 " In each house might be seen a foot wheel, or two, for spinning the 
 flax, and as many large ones for spinning wool ; a pair or two of hand- 
 cards for the tow, a hatchel, and in every two or three houses a loom. 
 The women manufactured the cloth with which they and their families 
 were clothed, and made up the same into garments. They made their 
 own fine white diaper table cloths and towels, their fine white underlin- 
 ing, their striped gowns, checked handkerchiefs and aprons, clean and 
 well-ironed, and in which dress they were fitted out for any company in 
 any place. -They also manufactured their husbands' and sons' white 
 summer shirts, frocks and trousers. They knit stockings for themselves 
 and for the family besides, and leggings for their boys — as boots for 
 boys were not then known — and did their own housework." 
 
 The girls were instructed by their mothers in the art of housekeeping. 
 They received practical lessons in cookery and could prepare good and 
 wholesome victuals. They learned to spin, weave, sew and darn, and 
 patch garments, do nice laundry work, make butter and cheese, sweep 
 house with a broom made of birch, by their fathers or brothers, and 
 they also assisted in out-of-door work, such as milking the cows, feed- 
 ing the pigs and poultry, carrying wood and water, and, in haying time, 
 raking after the cart ; nor did they feel degraded by such work ; indeed, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 101 
 
 to.be useful was considered as an imperative duty, and the art and econ- 
 omy of housekeeping was an accomplishment that every woman should 
 tafee pride in acquiring.' Much open-air exercise conduced to good 
 health and long life. They were much in the habit of exercising on 
 their feet, both in walking abroad and at the great wheel. They ap- 
 peared at meeting, and elsewhere, clad in home made garments, with 
 ruddy countenances, strong and active bodies and limbs, and a cheerful 
 and vigorous mind. In those days the useful was not subordinated to 
 the ornamental. Every young lady who could procure it by her own 
 labor had one calico dress. They worked at spinning and weaving for 
 fifty cents a week to enable them to purchase such a dress, at a dollar 
 a yard Six yards constituted a dress pattern, therefore it required 
 twelve weeks' work to pay for a dress, besides the trimming and making. 
 
 Grown up daughters made good wives and willing helpmates. Their 
 husbands were not necessitated to employ a governess, a wet nurse, and 
 a waiting maid to care for the children ; a maid-of-all-work to keep the 
 house in endurable condition, and their mothers-in-law for monitors and 
 advisors in general. Our grandmothers gave no time to spinning street 
 yarn, retailing gossip, annoying their neighbors by a relation of their 
 family troubles, complaints against their husbands, nor to sewing seeds 
 of discord among their neighbors. How is it now ? 
 
 The ceremony of marriage, among the early settlers of the town, was 
 unattended by the furore that characterizes this ceremony now-a-days. 
 There was no exelusiveness in giving out invitations. Neighbors then 
 dwelt together in a spirit of unity, mutually dependent on each other, 
 and practiced the amenities o:^ social, civilized life. The bans were 
 publicly proclaimed in advance. All relatives, and all neighbors were 
 invited. The occasion was one of unalloyed happiness to both the old 
 
 ' In marked contrast to the condition of things at that time, when girls willing- 
 ly went away from hoihe to do housework, I quote the following statement from 
 the Waterloo, P. Q^ Gazette of August 28, 1885 ; 
 
 A Waterloo man was sent out the other day by Ma wife to And a hired girl. The case 
 was urgent and Ms instructions were not to come back without the desired article. He 
 scoured a wide section of country, calling at scores of houses where there were girls, and 
 eloquently pleading his mission. But it was all In vain. Everywhere he met with a re- 
 fusal. The girls dld'nt want to do housework at any price or for anybody. He could have 
 hired forty teachers, and as many more girls for a knitting factory. It is clear that house- 
 work is not popular with the rising generation of girls. What is the reason ? The average 
 country school teacher gets fifteen dollars per month and boards herself. A good Mred 
 girl can command ten dollars per month and a comfortable home in a respectable family. 
 In point of wages the Mred girl's position is the best. As a training school for the respon- 
 sible duties of wife and mother— as the head of a household— her situation is incompar- 
 ably better than the teacher's. Yet ten young women aspire to be poorly paid teachers 
 where one will hire out to do housework and train herself for those duties of life which 
 fall to the lot of nine-tenths of woman-kind. Teaching is rather more high toned. It 
 secures better social advantages. It affords more leisure. But after all it is a question if 
 the hired girl is not the better off. At any rate the teacher is being overproduced. There 
 is a glut in the market. The hired girl, on the other hand, is growing scarcer, and her 
 value is rising in the labor market. People who want a hired girl get down on their 
 knees to her. She is mistress of the situation and can within limits dictate her own 
 terms. She can, for instance, have her afternoons out, her Sundays off, and her evenings 
 for receiving her best young man. These are all material advantages which flow chiefly 
 fro m the scarcity of the article. 
 
103 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 and the young. The service was of a simple and solemn nature. The 
 benediction invoked of heaven upon the married couple by the beloved 
 pastor, was supplemented by unequivocal, heartfelt expressions of good- 
 will and good wishes on the part of relatives and friends. There were 
 no costly gifts ostentatiously displayed. There was no long, tiresome, 
 bridal trip. The young couple entered upon domestic life in a quiet, 
 sensible way, having that assurance of happiness which may be reason- 
 ably expected where there is a likeness of disposition and manners, and 
 accordance of hearts : — 
 
 ' ' Where friendship full exerts her softest power, 
 Perfect esteem enlivened by desire 
 Ineffable and sympathy of soul : 
 Thought meeting thought, and will preventing will, 
 With boundless confidence ; for naught but love 
 Can answer love, and render bliss secure." 
 
 The laws regulating marriage, prohibited intermarriage within the 
 following degrees of kinship, viz: — "No man shall marry his mother, step- 
 mother, sister, father's sister, mother's sister, daughter, son's daughter, 
 daughter's daughter, brother's daughter, sister's daughter. No woman 
 should marry her father, step-father, brother, father's brother, mother's 
 brother, son, daughter's son, son's son, brother's son, sister's son." Every 
 such intermarriage was to be deemed incestuous and ipso facto null and 
 void, and the issue illegitimate. Ministers of the gospel and justices of 
 the peace were the only persons authorized to solemnize marriages. The 
 intention of marriage between any two persons must b^ published in 
 some public meeting in the respective towns or places in which the 
 parties resided, by the minister of the gospel, town or parish clerk ; or 
 be posted at some public place, at least eight days before such intended 
 marriage. This act did not affect the right of Friends or Quakers to 
 solemnize marriage in the manner usually practiced in their meetings. 
 Every marriage was to be recorded in the book of records belonging to 
 the town. — Clerk's fee for record was six cents. 
 
 " All things change and we change with them," is a maxim, that is 
 well illustrated by the striking difference between the outfit now 
 deemed essential to enable a young married couple to begin housekeeping 
 in respectable style, and that which in former times was regarded as 
 sufficient to render the same class of people both comfortable and happy. 
 The contrast between the provision made by parents for their daughters 
 on the occasion of their marriage, in the olden time, and the trousseau, 
 or general outfit of brides at the present day, is shown by the following 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD.' 103 
 
 Statement copied from an old account book, used for many years by a 
 
 former well-to-do farmer of Hartford, viz : 
 
 Hartford, January 1, 1823. 
 Artickals wich my daughter had at her marriage: $7.00; forty yards of 
 lionensheating, ^13.33; twelve yards of Unnen piUow-cases, |4.00; tlu-ee sheets of 
 flannel, §7.50 ; thi-ee Kersey blankets, $11.00 ; bed quilts and coverlaids, §11.00 ; 
 two bedsteads and beads, $24.00 ; fire shovels and tongs, S3.00 ; ^oot wheel and 
 reel, $3.50; great wheel, $1.00; coffeepot, .30; give, .30; looking glass, S3. 00 ; 
 crockery at Tenney's store, §5.72 ; spoons, knives and forks at Boston, $6.93 ; 
 n-on ware at 'Lyman's, $3.50 ; 1 small brass kettle and gober, §1.90 ; one brass 
 kettle, $7.00; baihng, iron and brass ware, §4.91 ; brass skimmer, .83 ; thirteen 
 chau-8, $16.00 ; total, $127.72. One cow, five sheep." 
 
 The above named trousseau comprises only such things as were truly 
 useful. — Other gifts were contributed to the welfare of the young 
 people by the family of the bridegroom. The presence of a foot wheel, 
 a reel and a great wheel indicates that the bride was accustomed to their 
 use, and doubtless she had assisted in spinning the flax and the wool 
 composing the sheets and cases named, and also in making up the 
 articles of bedding enumerated. Tradition says that this young lady, 
 like many of her female associates, was well versed in the art of house- 
 keeping; that she had been taught how to prepare a wholesome, 
 palatable meal of victuals; that she could deftly spin, weave, sew, em- 
 broider, knitj crochet, darn, patch, and otherwise repair articles of cloth- 
 ing, and was an adept at nice laundry work ; that she was brought up 
 to be tidy and methodical in her habits; to have proper places for every 
 thing and keep things in their proper places, and as she grew up to 
 womanhood she was led under the Christian influence of her parents to 
 cultivate a gentle, loving and obliging disposition, and an amiable de- 
 portment. Although at her marriage she brought to her husband but a 
 small outfit of worldly goods, she possessed the best dowry a parent can 
 bestow — chastity and modesty. 
 
 Thus endowed, educated and prepared for the married state, she 
 assumed and performed the various duties devolving upon her at her 
 own fireside, and elsewhere, in all the relations of life, with that assi- 
 duity to be and do good, that characterizes domestic worth and Christian 
 excellence. — Such a devotion to home interests, such a disposition to 
 promote the happiness and welfare of others, such eminent qualifications 
 for married life as our heroine possessed, supplemented by like qualities 
 in a husband, and a disposition on the part of both husband and wife to 
 quietly settle their trifling disaffections by mutual concessions, and, 
 above all, to conceal within their own breasts their petty family jars, 
 and thereby avoid public ridicule, would prove efliective as the ounce of 
 preventive against the evils of divorce ; at least more effective than the 
 pound of cure which is being administered in homoeopathic pellets to 
 eradicate the evil while slighting the causes of its existence. 
 
104 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 In the matter of education it is due to our progenitors to say, that 
 although most of them possessed but little common school education, 
 they recognized the value of it, and whenever a sufficient number of 
 scholars could be gathered in any locality a school was established, and 
 for want of better places, schools were opened in private dwellings, and 
 often in barns. The branches taught were English reading, writing 
 and arithmetic. These were designated by the law of the State respect- 
 ing schools. Grammar was not taught in the common schools of this 
 town until about the time when school districts were first organized, 
 nor did the girls study arithmetic until a still later time. Boys rarely 
 ever went to school, except in the winter, after they were old enough to 
 work on the farm, or in the workshop. None but male teachers were 
 employed, and these boarded around among the families that sent 
 children to school. Many families lived a long distance from the school- 
 house, and their children trudged to school in all seasons of the year, 
 and in all weather, carrying bundles of books and luncheon, and they 
 seldom received a tardy mark or missed a recitation. Proficiency, espe- 
 cially in spelling, was regarded with great favor, and for the purpose 
 of encouraging greater diligence in the study of spelling lessons, special 
 inducements were presented to the scholars. Medals consisting of silver 
 coin of a value not less than twenty-five cents, perforated, and strung 
 singly on a ribbon or small cord, were prepared by the teacher, one for 
 each spelling class. The scholars were then informed that the boy or 
 the girl in each class, who stood at the head of his or her class, when 
 the spelling lesson was over each day, should have the class medal to 
 wear until the opening of school the next day, and, at the end of the 
 term, the scholars who had worn the medals the most times should be 
 presented with some special reward of merit: — 
 
 And, to their credit be it said, 
 
 Girls were as often at the head 
 
 As their more -robust friends the boys, 
 
 And won the prize with much less noise! 
 
 During winter evenings the boys and girls of a family might be seen 
 in the chimney-corner poring over their lessons, and aiding each other 
 over hard places, having no other light than that given out by the 
 cheerful fire. They mastered the branches they studied; their progress 
 was not measured by the number of pages passed over during a term of 
 school, but by the actual amount of knowledge they acquired and thor- 
 oughly digested. Aside from their school books, they had but little 
 other reading matter. The family Bible, catechism, psalm-book and a 
 few religious tracts formed the greater part of their libraries. They 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 105 
 
 soon learned the substance of the few books they po'ssessed, ,and com- 
 prehended what was taught therein, without the aid of learned ex- 
 egetists. 
 
 The children of the early settlers were taught to reverence the aged, 
 to honor and obey their parents, to respect their teachers, and to com- 
 port themselves modestly and deferentially in the presence of their eld- 
 ers. They were taught the value of habits of industry, economy and 
 honesty, and to limit their wishes and desires within the bounds of 
 prudence, and to deny themselves many things rather than oke out their 
 existence in idleness and uselessness, or to resort to every possible ex- 
 pedient to live at other people's expense — too many instances of which 
 are observable at this time. 
 
 The early settlers were exposed to many hardships and drawbacks of 
 a discouraging nature, and oftentimes lacked food. They had hours of 
 mental anguish and physical suffering such as puts us mortals in mind 
 of our mortality and calls for the sweet offices of mercy and love. At 
 such times they found a great solace in the friendship, good-will and 
 sympathy expressed by their neighbors who, not being untutored in 
 suffering, learned thereby to pity and aid others in their affliction. 
 " One touch of nature makes the whole world kin." 
 
 The spirit of harmony, brotherly love and good-will, was manifested 
 in kind, timely services at the bed side of the sick and the dying ; in 
 readiness to render assistance in the work of clearing land, raising build- 
 ings, harvesting crops, at social gatherings, where all met on terms of 
 equality, and the scene was not marred by the least semblance of envy, 
 jealousy or airs of superiority such as we often see exhibited now-a-days 
 by people whose only passport from insignificance to social or political 
 prominence is worldly possessions, often acquired by dishonest means, 
 and whose ridiculous pretentions and airs of importance are credentials 
 of impotence ! 
 
 It has been said by one writer that " there was one trait in the char- 
 acter of the early settlers which it would be well for the present gener- 
 ation to imitate ; if one had hard thoughts of his neighbor, he did not 
 ventilate them in private slander — there was no ' snake in the grass ' 
 management ; he went with bold step, erect gait, and clear voice to 
 expostulate with the offender. If their anger was easily kindled, it was 
 as easUy appeased." 
 
 Not many years after the town was settled militia companies were 
 organized, and military trainings were had at least two days in each 
 year, one in the month of June and one in October, and once in every 
 two or three years a general or regimental training lasting two or three 
 
106 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 days, whixsh were very expensive affairs both for the officers and men ; 
 and, so far as practical results were concerned, it was " much ado about 
 nothing." ' The town militia bore the name of "flood-wood companies " 
 for the reason that the men were not uniformed when on parade, but 
 each wore the same clothes that he wore in his daily work at home, and 
 their guns and other accoutrements were as dissimilar and odd as their 
 dress. Those trainings were demoralizing to all who participated in 
 them. The burning of powder was commenced at midnight before the 
 houses of the officers, who were expected to answer by treating all 
 hands, and, after going the rounds, firing guns, halloing and drinking 
 until morning, it is safe to say that many were in a maudlin condition. 
 
 To be a captain, or subaltern of a military company, was a much cov- 
 eted honor, and it was expected that every officer-elect would express 
 his obligation to his comrades by a liberal contribution of free rum, or 
 whiskey, on training day. " A man's a god whose hogshead freely 
 bleeds." The effects of the rum drank on these occasions lasted for 
 several days. Query — Are the pleasures of getting drunk greater than 
 the pains of getting sober ? 
 
 But not alone at trainings was liquor freely indulged in. Rum, 
 brandy, whiskey, cider, in the form of punch, sling, toddy, flip and egg- 
 nogg, were indulged in at raisings, haying, harvesting, at social parties, 
 in cold weather and warm, in wet and dry, in sickness or in good health, 
 in prosperity and in adversity. People treated each other as a pledge of 
 friendship, and " put an enemy to their mouths to steal away their 
 brains!" It seems somewhat paradoxical to us, that our forefathers, 
 who were, in the main, sober-minded, law-abiding, morally and relig- 
 iously inclined, earnestly disposed to educate their children, and pos- 
 sessed of many virtues, should have been so oblivious of the divine pre- 
 cepts against the intemperate use of intoxicants. They must have 
 observed the evil effects of the habit; they must have been conscious 
 that their example would readily and deeply corrupt their children. 
 It is probable, however, that but few drank to excess, and the majority 
 were blessed with a constitution " so treacherously good that it never 
 bends until it breaks;" nevertheless, they violated the laws of their 
 being, and entailed upon their posterity the evils engendered by the 
 non-observance of said laws. In the final day of judgment it will be 
 seen that Hartford has a large representation among the victims of in- 
 temperance. " Every inordinate cup is unblessed, and the ingredient 
 is a devil." 
 
 ' The Legislature of Vermont, Oct. 30, 1844, repealed every act in relation to 
 the militia. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 107 
 
 In the times of which I am speaking, game was abundant in the woods, 
 and trout in the streams. Bears were sometimes seen, but they did but 
 little damage. The first and only one killed in the to*n was shot by 
 Maj. David Wright. It was first discovered by Mrs. Peter Rider, who 
 was on her way home from Maj. Wright's, where she had been visiting. 
 She was afoot and alone, and was not far distant from Maj. Wright's 
 house when she discovered Bruin directly in her path, whereupon she 
 set up screaming, and woman-like flirting her apron at the bear, which, 
 being quite as much frightened as his new-made acquaintance betook 
 himseK to a tree. Maj. Wright, hearing the screaming, seized his 
 loaded rifle, and following the path taken by Mrs. Rider, soon found 
 her standing in the path shaking her apron at the bear. A successfully 
 made shot brought the animal to the ground. It proved to be a young 
 bear, and probably it had never before encountered anything noisier than 
 a screech owl, and wearing a petticoat. Foxes were plenty and they 
 made sad havoc in the sheep-fold and poultry yard. Fox hunting with 
 hounds was exciting sport, for Reynard was seldom captured before he 
 had led his pursuers in a chase long and exhaustive, though generally 
 running in a circle round his hole. Bounties were paii for killing 
 foxes. Raccoons were plenty. They were fond of poultry and green 
 corn. They were hunted at night with dogs, and when fat, their flesh 
 made very good eating. Squirrels were plenty — to use a homely phrase, 
 "the woods were full of them." Among the varieties were the Ameri- 
 can gray, the European red, the American flying, and the striped, or 
 chip munk. Occasionally a black squirrel was found. Skunks infested 
 poultry yards, but its faculty of annoying its enemies by the discharge 
 of a noisome fluid caused it to be shunned rather than hunted. Its skin 
 was valuable for robes, but the smallest drop of the fluid emitted by the 
 animal is sufiicient to render a garment detestable for years. Smoking, 
 baking and burying articles of dress in the ground are inefficient for its 
 removal. Woodchucks infested clover fields; their skins were some- 
 times sold at a dollar apiece. Mink and muskrats were plentiful. The 
 latter are found quite often now. Mink pelts were sold at from twenty 
 to forty cents each; they are now sold for $10 each. Muskrat pelts 
 then brought more than mink. 
 
 Pigeons were very numerous, especially during the season of harvest- 
 ing wheat and oats. During their migrations in search of food, the air 
 was literally full of them. Of late years but few are found in any 
 portion of Vermont. Partridges were numerous, but the clearing up 
 of the woodlands which formed their common resort has sufficed to 
 render them scarce. What few remain are so persistently hunted that 
 
108 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 their cunning and instinct seem to be sharpened thereby, and quite 
 superior to the hunter's skill, though not to that detestable cowardice 
 that places an invisible snare in their path. That noble bird, the golden 
 eagle, that built his nest on the highest cliffs of our mountains is rarely 
 ever seen here now. That vigorous-winged and well known bird, the . 
 American fish hawk, which was the formidable rival of the eagle in 
 strength and rapacity, has, like the eagle, nearly disappeared before the 
 march of civilization. The white-headed or bald eagle, was occasionally 
 seen in the White river valley, perched on the high dead limb of a large, 
 tree that commanded a wide view of the river, waiting, perhaps, in 
 readiness to descend like a whirlwind upon his prey, or to snatch from 
 a fish hawk the dainty morsel he had secured and was exultingly 
 bearing away. Then, as now, the quacking of wild geese above the 
 clouds announced the advent of the vernal season, or the approach 
 of winter. The lazy-winged, slender crane, and wild duck habited our 
 rivers. The former is seldom seen now; the latter are still quite 
 numerous. The hen hawk and the crow which were numerous a cen- 
 tury ago, are not less so now. Trout are still caught in our brooks, but 
 the brooks are rapidly diminishing in size, and there are fishermen, and 
 fishermen, and trout are not permitted to attain much growth. There 
 are no evidences that wolves troubled the early settlers of this town, 
 nor do the oldest people now living here remember having seen deer; 
 but as deer reeves were among the officers elected at town meetings, it 
 is reasonable to infer that there were deer to be protected. 
 
 Although the early inhabitants were isolated from each other in 
 respect to their dwelling places, yet, in their work, as well as recreations, 
 they often met together from all parts of the town, and after combin- 
 ing their strength to complete the work of building a log-house, clear- 
 ing a green fallow, or harvesting a crop, they indulged in wrestling, 
 ball-playing, rifle-shooting and other athletic sports. The men also had 
 their husking-bees and hunting-parties. In the autumn after harvest- 
 time they had what were termed "squirrel hunts." After collecting 
 at some previously chosen rendezvous — generally a public house — the 
 men and boys collectively chose two men, termed captains, from their, 
 number, to lead in the hunt. The captains drew lots to see which 
 should have the first choice of men in the formation of two parties, and 
 made their selections alternately until each party had an equal number 
 of hunters. The day for the hunt was then fixed upon, the only condi- 
 tion involved being that the party which brought in the least game, at 
 the end of the hunt, should provide and pay for a supper for all con- 
 cerned on both sides. There were different methods of counting the 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 109 
 
 game, but in all cases a squirrel counted as one or as the unit of enu- 
 meration; then each crow, hawk, partridge, mink, woodchuck, muskrat, 
 skunk, fox, rabbit, coon, etc., represented a specified number of squir- 
 rels, as per preliminary agreement. No limit was fixed to the territory 
 to be hunted over. Usually, each hunter was privileged to go wherever 
 he pleased, and where a hunt lasted two or three days in succession, 
 some of the hunters visited other towns, as far away as Bethel. 
 In Hartford, the two parties mutually agreed to divide the territory 
 between them, one taking the south side, and the other the north 
 side of White river. At the conclusion of the hunt the game 
 taken by each party was separately counted by tellers, after which a 
 substantial supper was eaten, with a bout or two at the whiskey bottle. 
 During these hunts every expedient, even to artifice was resorted to for 
 obtaining game; and, like " that heathen Chinee," for ways that were 
 dark, and tricks that were vain, those hunters were very peculiar. 
 
 It must not be inferred that the men and boys monopolized the social 
 enjoyments, or left the women and girls at home when they turned out 
 to assist a neighbor in his work, or to unite in sports of various kinds. 
 On such occasions they were accompanied by their wives and daughters 
 who took along their knitting-work, or plain sewing, and meeting 
 together " on terms of amity complete " passed the time as interested 
 observers of the work and the athletic sports of the other sex, or in kindly, 
 pleasant intercourse that denoted similarity of mind, taste and feeling, 
 and like experiences in their daily life. 
 
 " Held within modest bounds the tide of speech 
 Pursues the course that truth and nature teach." 
 
 But, while the men and boys had their games, and sports, the women 
 and girls found social enjoyments in their quiltings, and apple-cutting 
 parties, and occasional neighborly visits, and it was customary for the 
 young people, without distinction of sex, to attend husking-bees ; and, 
 later on, as the population increased, and schools were opened, there 
 were spelling, writing and singing schools, which took place on winter 
 evenings, and served to break up the monotony that would have other- 
 wise prevailed. Every reader of these lines who ever attended any one 
 or all of the meetings here mentioned, must have experienced feelings 
 of regret that those customs of the early times have become obsolete, 
 for the reason that such occasions marked an era of frank, unequivocal 
 expressions of neighborly good will and kindness, unity of purpose and 
 action. Christian endeavor and practice. There was no shirking of duty, 
 no insensibility to the misfortunes, troubles, and sufferings of others, 
 no exclusiveness nor vicious pride, no back wounding calumny. 
 
110 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The system of dealing upon trust was more in vogue in former times 
 than it is now. It was then the custom for merchants to deal almost 
 wholly upon trust, and to trust every body. Of course they sold at a 
 great profit, and as many failed to pay, those who did pay, made good 
 what was lost by the failure of others. People took advantage of this 
 system by buying extravagantly, or by buying many things which they 
 could not have obtained under the cash system of trade; but when pay 
 day came, or the creditor deemed it hazardous to extend further credit, 
 if the payment was not made, there followed all the concomitants of 
 expensive and ruinous litigation. There was much sueing, much going 
 to jail, much false swearing, much ill-will engendered among neighbors. 
 Victory was often a disgrace to the creditor, and often entailed misery 
 upon the debtor and his family. None were benefitted but attorneys 
 who let out for hire their passions and their words, " Iras et verba 
 locant / " justices, sheriffs, constables and jailors, who thrived upon 
 costs and fees, or rather upon the folly and ignorance of others. 
 
 I have already stated that the pioneer settlers were sometimes com- 
 pelled to live on short rations. This was owing to a failure of crops, 
 and had game been scarce, there must have been many cases of death 
 from starvation. Grist mills were few and far between, and it was 
 difficult to get grinding, even if they raised wheat and corn in abundance. 
 It was customary in such exigencies to boil corn and wheat in a whole 
 state, or pound it up in large mortars. Roast potatoes were a prominent 
 article of food. As salt was scarce, meat was preserved by smoking 
 and drying it. This was the custom in vogue among the native Indians. 
 Tea and cofPee were little known. Broths of various kin^s were in 
 constant use, and also hasty pudding and milk. Dishes were scarce as 
 well as knives and forks. Wooden spoons were much used, and it was a 
 common thing for the whole family to eat broth, porridge, &c., from 
 one dish. Mr. Henry Clark, in an address given at Poultney, Vt., re- 
 lates the following anecdote: — 
 
 " A party of young people once assembled at a neighbor's in early 
 times for social intercourse. The supper — What was it ? Not a modern 
 supper of roast turkey, oysters, &c., but hasty pudding and milk. There 
 being but three spoons, one division of their guests sat down to table, 
 then another division and another till all had been served. All went 
 off well, and it was considered a fashionable, well managed affair." 
 
 Owing to the limited extent of pasturage, and the depredations made 
 upon sheep by wild animals, the settlers kept but few if any sheep. 
 Great economy was necessary in the use of woolen clothing. The men, 
 when at work, wore tow shirts, coarse woolen frocks, and leather 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. Ill 
 
 aprons, made of hides tanned by themselves. The women wore short 
 frocks and petticoats, while engaged in home work. The best suit of 
 woolen cloth was reserved for Sabbaths and special occasions, and lasted 
 several years. Mr. Clark further said: — 
 
 "In the winter they wore shoes, excluding the snow by a pair of 
 leggings fastened over the mouth of the shoe by strings. Boots were 
 rare, surtouts or overcoats were rarer still. A pair of boots wpuld last 
 a man many years. In summer neither men nor women wore shoes at 
 home.' On the Sabbath the women often carried their shoes (and stock- 
 ings ?) in their hands till they came near the meeting-house (to save wear) 
 — when they put them on. Sometimes, in winter, families were con- 
 veyed to meeting, or to a social visit, through deep snow, on an ox-sled. 
 In summer time, the man, if he was the owner of a horse, rode to meet- 
 ing with his wife seated on a pillion behind him, one arm circling his 
 body, and, if they had children, one rode seated on a pillow before the 
 man, and another and smaller child in the mother's lap, encircled by 
 one of her arms.'' 
 
 " As a sample of the usages of the time, it may be stated that at the 
 raising of a meeting-house a lunch was prepared for the raisers, of 
 bread, cheese and dry fish." A barrel of cider or rum was freely bled 
 and this last occurred at all raisings, whatever the building might be. 
 
 A large number of the sons and daughters of Hartford have emigrated 
 to the Western States. Between 1820 and 1840 the tide toward Ohio 
 and Illinois was the greatest that it has ever been. Great canvas covered 
 wagons drawn by horses and destined for Ohio, were often seen leaving 
 this town, and they took from our midst a class of people whose places 
 have not been well filled. Emigration and the building of railroads 
 have been followed by a decadence in the moral and religious condition 
 of the people. There has not been a progression in the physical, mental 
 and moral condition of the people commensurate with the constantly 
 increasing means, opportunities and facilities for developing and im- 
 proving the minds and the hearts of our citizens in general. 
 
 'The writer remembers seeing children barefooted in the winter. Hon. C. C. P. 
 Holden, now a wealthy citizen of Chicago, when six years of age, and living in 
 West Hartford, went barefooted all winter, as did some of his brothers and sisters. 
 They were rosy-cheeked and healthful children and made energetic men and 
 women. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 MANUFACTORIES AND MILLS. 
 
 The labor of the early settlers was not materially aided by water- 
 power, nor by labor-saving machinery to any great extent. Farming 
 utensils were of very simple construction, and largely constructed at 
 home, and were, for the want of good tools, very rudely made, and such 
 tools as augurs, bits set in crooked stalks of wood, hatchets, etc., that 
 have been preserved as relics of the past, are looked upon with a degree 
 of interest and curiosity akin to that excited by the exhibition of the 
 stone implements fashioned by the native Indian tribes that once inhab- 
 ited this section of the country. The great majority of the settlers of 
 Hartford came into the town in an indigent condition, to better their 
 fortunes, and for many years were under the necessity of practicing the 
 strictest economy in all matters. But the actual wants of nature are 
 but few, and the people being, by habit and custom, contented with 
 their privileges and surroundings, their lack of what is to-day consid- 
 ered essential to promote or complete personal happiness and comfort, 
 was not by them considered in the light of a privation, and, therefore, 
 caused no complaints against Providence, or repinings against fortune. 
 The necessity of laboring diligently to clear and improve their lands, to 
 live in log houses, to travel on foot, or on horseback, to dress simply, 
 and live sparingly, were blessings in disguise. 
 
 " They builded better than they knew." 
 
 A wonderful change has taken place in the industrial habits and cus- 
 toms of the people during the past sixty years, especially among the 
 farming population. In the olden days while the men worked from early 
 morn till late at night, the women delved, both in and out of doors ; in- 
 doors they were busy at their wheels or looms, dipping their own can- 
 dles, making their own clothing, as well as that for the rest of the fam- 
 ily — they generally had a large number of children — making their own 
 carpets, and in doing all manner of other household work ; out of 
 doors they assisted their- husbands in doing various kinds of farm work. 
 They were adepts in handling horses, rode much on horseback, and 
 transacted much business that would now be considered unbecoming 
 for the gentler sex to engage in. Mrs. Gov. Chittenden, on one occa- 
 sion at least, rode on horseback to a carding machine, taking a load of 
 wool on her horse behind, from Williston to Hinesburg ; had her wool 
 carded, and returned home with her rolls the same night. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 113 
 
 The first business of the settlers after reaching the town, was to pro- 
 vide themselves with shelter. The land was then covered with heavy 
 timber. After fixing upon a place to settle or build upon, they cut the 
 timber, cleared a patch, and proceeded to build a log house. There 
 were no boards to be had and they were without the means of procuring 
 them. In the absence of saw mills they had to substitute logs for 
 frame timber, poles for rafters, bark of trees for shingle, hewn logs lit- 
 tered with straw, or leaves of trees, for flooring of boards, benches and 
 seats of hewn logs for tables and chairs. Eough stone were used in 
 place of brick for chimneys, and clay formed a very good substitute for 
 lime-mortar in filling crevices, and in building chimneys. Tables, bed- 
 steads, etc., were made with no other tools than a saw, axe and augur. 
 The next thing in order was clearing up land for planting and sowing 
 of grain. To make grain available for family use a grist mill was neces- 
 sary, but these pre-requisites to real comfort were some years in coming. 
 
 For several years subsequent to the first settlement of the town, the 
 inhabitants were compelled to go to Charleston (No. 4) to have their 
 grain ground. The distance was twenty-five miles, and the roads were 
 bridle-paths, or but Uttle better — designated by spotted trees on either 
 hand. A journey to mill was a serious job — a two days' adventure. 
 The late Miss Parthena Tilden informed the writer some years ago, that 
 her uncle, Stephen Tilden, when a boy, was sometimes sent to Charles- 
 town to mill on horseback ; that her grandfather used to tie the bags of 
 grain securely to the old saddle-horse, and then tie Stephen to the bags,and 
 thus mounted, the brave boy rode off through the wilderness to Charles- 
 town, and never failed to go and return safely. The boys of that gen- 
 eration were the heroes of a later revolution " that tried men's souls." 
 
 Tradition informs us that our grandmothers sometimes pounded corn 
 and wheat in mortars to a consistency for hominy, and in certain exi- 
 gencies boiled both kinds of grain in a whole state, which was called, 
 when cooked, "firmaty." Their drink was coffee made of roasted rye 
 and wheat boiled in water. Tea was made of dried raspberry leaves. 
 Kye was much used for bread, and buckwheat for warm cakes, but 
 wheat and corn were the staple articles of food, and when the lands 
 were at first cleared they bore abundantly of both these cereals. 
 
 But to remedy the trouble of going so far to mill, and to provide for 
 building material, the proprietors of the town, at a meeting held Sep- 
 tember 16, 1765, voted to give three hundred acres of land on the north 
 side of Water Quechee river, and three hundred acres on the south side 
 of the same river, centering on the falls between Jonathan and Abel 
 
114 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 Marsh's property — ipeadow land to be excluded — to aid in the erection 
 of a saw-mUl and grist-mill ; the former to be finished by Jane 1st, 
 
 1767, and the latter by June, 1769. The saw-mill was completed prior 
 to 1769, as we find that a bridge buUt, or voted to be built that year, 
 was to be located just below the saw-mill. At a meeting held June 23d, 
 
 1768, the proprietors voted to give Benjamin Burtch, Abel Marsh 
 and Joshua Dewey, the privilege, of the stream on the fourth part of 
 the falls in Quechee river, from the mouth, with a suitable place for a 
 log-way, as long as the grantees would maintain a saw-mill thereon. 
 This influenced the grantees to build said mUl. 
 
 —-Oct. 24:th, 1774, the proprietors voted to John Marsh, his heirs, and 
 assigns forever the great falls on Quechee river to his use and behoof, 
 to build a saw-mill and grist mill within two years thereafter. It 
 appears that John Marsh, or Joseph Marshy prior to 1778, built a grist- 
 mill, or, what is more probable, Jonathan Burtch, aided by the Marsh's, 
 built a grist-mill, saw-mill and fulling.mill, prior to 1778. May 22, 
 1783, the proprietors voted to give to Joseph Marsh the privilege of 
 the falls on Quechee river above the bridge, where he then had a grist- 
 mill, with two acres of land adjoining said mill, to be and remain to 
 him, his heirs and assigns, as long as he or they should keep grist-mill 
 there in good repair. 
 
 Mills for carding wool and dressing cloth were among the earliest 
 wants of a people whose clothing was almost wholly of domestic manu- 
 facture. The first carding machines were introduced into this country 
 about the year 1800. Pulling and cloth-dressing machines have been 
 in use in this town since 1775. Before the introduction of carding 
 machines wool was carded by hand, indeed most of the cloth, woolen 
 and linen, used in f amUies was made at home. The price for a week's 
 work spinning was four shilling (sixty-six and two-thirds cents) with 
 board. When Gov. Chittenden kept an inn in Charlotte, Vt., a gentle- 
 man who called to see him afterwards related the following fact con- 
 cerning his visit : " After the Governor's wife had with her own hands 
 prepared supper and cleared up things, she took her position by the 
 kitchen fire and carded wool till a late hour, while the Governor was in 
 the bar-room alternately transacting official business and waiting on 
 customers at the bar." 
 
 Nearly every house had its spinning wheels and loom. The wool 
 after being cleansed was carded into rolls by the farmer's wife and 
 daughters ; spun into yarn upon the " great wheel," and then wove into 
 flannel cloth, which was then sent to the fulling-mill and there prepared 
 for men's or women's clothing. That for men was colored and the nap 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 115 
 
 shortened by heavy iron shears. That for women's wear was not fulled, 
 but was dyed some favorite color, and, after being pressed and taken, 
 home, was made into dresses, sensible in style, and pattern, neat, warm 
 and durable. 
 
 Flax was raised by nearly all farmers. This was prepared for the 
 distaff by the farmer and his sons. It was first rotted in the field, 
 then passed under a hand-break, and the swinging knife to remove the 
 outer covering ; then through the hackle ; then tied in bunches, in 
 which condition it was taken in hand by the women. The flax was 
 wound upon the distaff and spun upon the " little wheel," into linen 
 yarn or thread ; then woven into cloth which was used for such pur- 
 poses as cotton and linen cloth are now used. 
 
 Maple sugar, the salts of ashes, and charcoal were among the earliest 
 and most important manufactures in the town. That the general pro- 
 cess of manufacturing each of these articles of commerce may be per- 
 fectly understood, the manner of producing them must be separately 
 described, begining with maple sugar. 
 
 The process of making maple sugar was unlike that of the present 
 time, in some respects. Instead of boring into the trees, and inserting 
 spiles of sumach to conduct the sap from the tree into tin or wooden 
 buckets, they were boxed with an axe, making an incision in the tree 
 from which the sap was conducted to troughs cut out of soft wood. 
 The sap was boiled in the same kettles that were used in making 
 potash. The following verses clipped from the Lyndon Union, pub- 
 lished by 0. M. Chase in Lyndon, Vt., are descriptive of the scenes of 
 sugar-making, and are worthy to be used in this connection : 
 
 • SUGAR MAKING. 
 
 When come the first warm days of spring 
 Then boys look out for fun, 
 For when the brooks begin to sijig 
 The sap begins to run. 
 
 Then in the woods a merry sound, 
 Of shouting and of rapping, 
 The boys are scattering buckets 'round 
 While older ones are tapping. 
 
 When every maple's been rimmed out 
 
 With bucket hanging to it, 
 
 And just above a tiny spout 
 
 With sweet sap trickUng through it, 
 
 Then start the fires whose cheery Light 
 Shines brighter than a lamp, 
 And to the sled yoke Broad and Bright 
 And haul the sap to camp. 
 
 Then bubble, the big sap pan goes 
 And bubble goes the kettle. 
 And sweeter yet the syrup grows 
 While it is growing little. 
 
116 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Oh! there is fun on land and sea 
 And many kinds of bliss, 
 No better sport is there for me 
 Then boiling sap like this. 
 
 And when it chance, as oftentimes 
 Your sweethearts with you there, 
 Then all the bliss e'er told in rhymes 
 Cannot with this compare. 
 
 For sugar pans no secrets tell 
 
 Of wishes and desires. 
 
 But mind their own sweet business well 
 
 If you but mind the fires. 
 
 'Though many a tale they might have told 
 Of many a plighted troth, 
 And many a kiss that dimples hold 
 Far sweeter than their broth. 
 
 CHARCOAL. 
 
 Charcoal is an artificial coal consisting of wood burned witl\ as little exposure 
 to the action of the air as possible. Common charcoal intended for use for fuel 
 in tinmen's furnaces, blacksmith's forges, &c. , is prepared by cutting pieces of 
 wood from one to three inches in diameter into lengths from one to three feet, 
 forming them into a conical pile, ends up, and covering them with turf or clay ; 
 leaving two or three small holes close to the ground for lighting the wood, and 
 boring through the turf in the upper part of the cone, a few small holes for the 
 escape of smoke. The pile being lighted at the several . holes along the 
 bottom, continues burning with a slow smoulderuig fiame for a week or two, 
 and is allowed to cool before the turf is removed. In the case of very high winds 
 the holes to the windward are stopped to prevent combustion f romgoing on with 
 too great rapidity. In case of too rapid combustion the covering falls in, and 
 the pile is burned to "ashes. To prevent this, those employed at the work are 
 compelled to expose themselves to great danger from fire. Lives have been lost 
 at such times. As constant watchfulness and care is reqtiisite, the workman 
 generally stay in shanties erected near the coal-jfits during the bru-ning of the 
 wood into coal. 
 
 Charcoal is now made in kilns built of brick; Such may be seen near the line 
 of the Passumpsic railroad in Thetford, Vt. Charcoal obtained by distOling 
 beech-wood, log-wood, willow and other woods which are free from resin, is 
 called cylinder charcoal. The charcoal employed in the manufacture of gun- 
 powder is now so prepared. 
 
 POTASH AND PEARLASH. 
 
 Where timber was an incumbrance upon the soU, it was felled, piled up in 
 pyramids and burned solely with the view to the manufacture of potashes. The 
 ashes were put into wooden receptacles [often the shell of trees decayed within and 
 hoUowed out], at other times boxes of boards having a false bottom, with a plug 
 at the bottom of one of the sides under the false bottom, or a box or hogshead 
 open at both ends and standing on a broad flat stone shghtly hollowed in the 
 middle, and raised a foot or more above the ground. Resting upon the bottom 
 was a rack composed of twigs, or split sticks, and above this straw was laid, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 117 
 
 thus f ormiag a filter under the ashes. A quantity of quicklime was miked with 
 the ashes, then a moderate quantity of water was poured upon the mass, and this 
 was continued until aU the soluble matter was taken up, and passed off in the 
 form of lye. This was evaporated to dryness in kon pots or kettles of lai-ge 
 capacity, and finally fused at a red heat into compact masses, gray on the out- 
 side and pink-colored within. 
 
 Pearlash is prepared by calcining potashes upon a reverbatory hearth, tiE the 
 whole carbonarious matter, and a greater part of the sulphur, is dissipated, then 
 laxiviating the mass in a cistern having a false bottom covered with straw, 
 evaporating the clear lye to dryness in flat iron pans, and stming it toward the 
 end into white lumpy granulations. 
 
 MAMUFACTOKIES AND MILLS IN QUECHEE VILLAGE. 
 
 I will now refer to most of the transfers made of mills and factories 
 built on Water Quechee river at Quechee from 1771 to 1857 : — 
 
 Dec. 29, 1771, Benj. Burtch, Abel and Elisha Marsh, and Joshua 
 Dewey deeded their saw mill and two acres of land to Jonathan Burtch 
 for £86. 13s. 5 pence. Jonathan added a grist mill and fulling mill, etc., 
 and Sept. 10, 1778, sold the entire property, with mill privileges, to 
 Lionel TJdall, of Stephentown, N. ¥., for £2,000 ($10,000). Sept. 24, 
 1778, Liionel Udall sold his purchase to Joseph and Elisha Marsh for 
 £2,000. Nov. 5, 1781, Joseph and Elisha sold pne-half of the same mills 
 to Thomas W. Pitkin. August 2, 1779, Joseph and Elisha conveyed to 
 John Carpenter the fulling mill and clothiers' shop and utensils, and 
 thirty-nine acres of land, for £212. 10s. Nov. Ist, 1788, John Carpenter 
 deeded to Jonathan Burtch, Jr., of Wells, Vt., the same mills and ma- 
 chinery, and thirty acres of land, for £200. Feb. 19, 1789, Jonathan 
 Burtch and Jonathan Jr. sold the same property to William Stewart of 
 Stephentown, N. Y., for £100. Feb. 28, 1789, Stewart conveyed the 
 same, viz : — Thirty acres of land, a fulling mill, clothiers' shop, and ap- 
 purtenances, to Elisha Marsh for £100. Elisha Marsh, March 19, 1807, 
 deeded his purchase to Eleazer Harwood with the privilege of dam for 
 putting up a carding machine. March 17, 1807, Elisha Marsh deeded 
 the grist mill, a house and shed, with land attached thereto, and water- 
 right, to Milo Marsh for $2,000. Feb. 3, 1812, Milo Marsh deeded to 
 Eleazer Harwood and Matthew Eanson, his said purchase for $2,000, and 
 Elisha Marsh deeded Harwood and Kansom the fulling mill, etc., for 
 $500, with the privilege of the stream from bank to bank. These pur- 
 chases put Harwood and Ransom into full possession of all the mills, 
 houses, mill privileges, etc., at Quechee village at' that time. 
 
 Prior to Oct. 2, 1813, Harwood had erected a brick factory building, 
 and on that day he deeded to Abel Penfield one-third of the whole prop- 
 erty for $1,400. Sept. 17, 1819, Penfield conveyed his interest to Sam- 
 
118 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 uel Tyler, Abel P. Chamberlin, James Harrenden and David D. Win- 
 chester, of Woodstock, Ct., for $3,140. December 7th, 1824, Samuel 
 Tyler and A. P. Chamberlin deeded their interest to D. D. Winchester, 
 for $1,500. April 26th, 1825, Winchester and Harrenden deeded all 
 their interest to Elihu Eansom. Sometime in 1825, the entire property 
 passed into the hands of John Downer, Elihu Bansom and Chester 
 Davis, (John Downer & Co.,) who built the brick factory now standing. 
 Downer & Co. soon failed, but arranged with their creditors, and July 
 17, 1826, sold the mUls and other property to the Quechee Manufactur- 
 ing Co. for the sum of $12,000. This company failed in 1828, and the 
 property passed into the hands of parties in Boston, who continued 
 business there by their agent, W. M. Towne. Wm. Jarvis, John Page 
 and F. B.- Nichols were associated with Towne. March 21, 1836, Towne 
 sold the property to Josiah Pierce, Lewis Mills and Jonathan D. Wheel- 
 er for $3,600 (his right). Dec. 22, 1836, Pierce, Mills, Wheeler, Isaac 
 Livermore and H. B. Kendall deeded the mills, etc., to Wm. Jarvis, 
 Daniel Bowman, Lyman Mower, G. H. Mower, O. P. Chandler and 
 Hamden Cutts, who, the same day, deeded their purchase to the Mal- 
 lory Woolen Co., for $27,914.34. Jan. 8th, 1843, the Mallory Woolen 
 Co. mortgaged to Wm. jarvis for $24,582..'50, which was not redeemed. 
 March 11th, 1857, Wm. Jarvis sold the entire property, then in his pos- 
 session, to Messrs. Taft and Parker of Barre,, Vt., for $8,500, sustaining 
 a loss of $16,082.50 in the transaction. 
 
 The investment by Messrs. Taft and Parker proved to be a fortunate 
 one. On the 2d of November, 1858, Mr. Taft retired from the partner- 
 ship, and Mr. Parker continued the business alone till March 21, 1866, 
 when he entered into partnership with W. S. Dewey and Wm. Lindsey, 
 each of these gentlemen taking an undivided fourth interest in the con- 
 cern. On the 21st of March, 1876, Mr. Dewey sold an undivided third 
 of his interest to Mr. Lindsey, and the balance to Mr. J. C. Parker, and, 
 on the same day, Mr. J. Walter Parker became a partner with his father 
 and Mr. Lindsey by purchasing an undivided half of his father's inter- 
 est, or one-third of the entire property. 
 
 During the great freshet which occurred in October, 1869, Messrs. 
 Parker, Dewey and Lindsey suffered the loss of the north wing of their 
 factory, which was undermined and precipitated into the river, involv- 
 ing the loss of a large quantity of wool, and much damage to valuable 
 machinery. The work of rebuilding was soon after commenced, and 
 rapidly pushed to completion. 
 
 The following statistics relating to the business of this firm in 1870,. 
 are taken from the U. S. census report of that year, viz : 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 119 
 
 Name of manufaotm-e — Flannel: Capital invested, $100,000. Motive power, 
 water; horse power, 70. Machinery: looms, 26; cards, 38 sets; spindles, 3,800; 
 elevator, 1. 
 
 Hands employed— Males above 16 years, 30; females above 15 years, 25; chil- 
 dren, 5. Wages paid dui'ing the year, |18,000. 
 
 Material used, including miU supplies and fuel— Wool, 100,000 ffis; value of 
 same, 140,000. Wood, 200 cords; value, $1,000. Lumber, 35,000 feet; value, 
 S300. Soap, 15,000 Ifes; value, $750. Burlaps, 2,500 yards; value, $500. Tota 
 value of material, $42,550. 
 
 Production— 39,500 yards flannel; value, $100,000. 
 
 In addition to the above business, this firm was engaged in wool-pull- 
 ing and tanning, as shown by the following statistics : — 
 
 Capital invested, $30,000; motive power, 5-horse water; machinery, 1 Bark 
 mill, 1 wheel, 1 pump; help, males above 16 years, 4; material used, pelts, 35,000, 
 value $30,000; bark, 100 cords, value $800; hen-manure, 20 bushels, value $10; 
 salt, 12 bushels, value |13; total value material, $30,832; wages paid, $3,000; pro- 
 duction, wool 71,000 as., value $38,000; pelts 30,000, value $6,000; total, $34,000. 
 
 This company is now (1888) operating seven sets, employs seventy- 
 five hands, manufactures 1,500 yards per day of superior white flannel, 
 and produces annually about $150,000 in value. 
 
 dewey's mills. 
 
 The large woolen factory which is located on the Otta Quechee river 
 about one mile south of Quechee village, and now owned by A. G. Dewey 
 & Co., was erected and opened in 1836, by Messrs. J. P. and C. Strong 
 & Co., for the manufacture of fine satinets. The financial crisis of 
 1837 compelled this company to suspend operations. The factory 
 remained unoccupied until 184(1, when Mr. A. G. Dewey leased it. About 
 the year 1840, Reuben Daniel of Woodstock conceived the idea of con- 
 verting or reducing soft woolen rags to fibre, denominated "rag-wool." 
 Following up this idea, Mr. Daniel invented a machine for picking rags 
 into fibre, and the first machine was put in operation in the woolen 
 factory at Quechee village in 1840. This was the first inauguration of 
 shoddy in the United States. 
 
 In 1841, Mr. A. G. Dewey, leased the lower factory, and commenced 
 the manufacture of what was then termed " rag clothj" and what is 
 now designated as '■'■shoddy." The varieties now made by A. G. 
 Dewey & Co., are known all over the country as " Dewey's Grays.' 
 During the past forty-five years Mr. Dewey and his associates have 
 manufactured many rnillions of yards of this cloth. The maximum 
 capacity of their factory is about 2000 yiirds per day. They have six 
 sets in operation, and employ eighty hands. They manufacture two 
 varieties of cloth — one from "tailor's clippings" — (remnants of new 
 
130 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 cloth) — and the other from soft woolen rags of every description 
 except fulled cloths. Eighty per cent, of the above named material 
 mixed with twenty per cent, of fine wool constitute tjie filling of this 
 cloth. The warp is cotton. It forms a warm, comfortable and econom- 
 ical material for clothing, and is worn by all classes of people. 
 
 The motive power at Dewey & Co.'s factory is a Hathaway wheel of 
 eighty horse power under a fall of twenty-five feet of water. The con- 
 trol of the stream is secured by a very simple and inexpensive structure 
 — a sufficient reserve being maintained at all times. The supply of 
 water is large and constant, indeed but thirty per cent, of the stream 
 at this point is utilized. The location of this factory is a very 
 romantic one — ^being at the head of the celebrated Quechee Gulph, 
 which has become a popular place of resort for tourists and pleasure 
 seekers generally. Mr. W. S. Dewey and his brother, John J. Dewey, 
 are the active members of the firm, and continue the business under the 
 title of A. G. Dewey & Co. 
 
 DISTILLERIES. 
 
 Prior to the year 1800, there were several distilleries in operation in 
 the town for the manufacture of potato whiskey, new rum, and cider 
 brandy. The annual product of the distilleries is not known, biit the 
 business was for many years a lucrative one. Cider brandy was a 
 staple commodity of the town. Farmers were prompted to convert 
 their cider into an article of greater commercial value than cider ; and 
 also, by a desire to obtain a beverage more palatable, and stimulating. 
 During the war of 1812, Preegrace Leavitt and Thomas King, had a 
 distillery at the centre of the town. They made potato whiskey. Dur- 
 ing the war of 1812, whiskey was scarce, and brought $1.50 per gallon. 
 The business paid a large profit until the close of the war. The next day 
 after peace was declared, the price of whiskey declined from $1.50 to 
 thirty-three cents per gallon. Leavitt and King had in store, unsold, 
 ■ 2000 gallons of whiskey. The decline, therefore, made a difiference to 
 them of $2340, which led them to suspend business in that line. 
 
 In those days, it was customary for farmers to club together in the 
 busiaess of making cider — the same as they do now to have their mUk 
 converted into cheese, — :and to establish creameries. One of their 
 number was chosen " cider monger" or superintendent of the work of 
 making the cider for all members of the association. Oct. 16, 1816, 
 Philemon HazeD,of Jericho, was chosen " cider monger." He held the 
 office for several years thereafter. From a day-book kept by him it 
 appears that there were twenty-three members in the Jericho association, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. ISl 
 
 and that in 1816 the product of his mill was 288 barrels; in 1817, 271 
 barrels; in 1818, 317 barrels ; 1819, 554 barrels. The product for 1819 
 would have given an average of 24 barrels to each member, or nearly 
 nine gallons to each person in the town. 
 
 The names of the farmers who composed the association of 1819, and 
 the number of barrels of cider proportioned to each member were as 
 follows : — 
 
 ■WiUiam Pixley, 31; John Tracy, 37^; Zebulon Delano, 26; Reuben Tenney, 70; 
 Philemon Hazen, 57; Chester Richards, 11; Abiather Austin, 14; Asa Pixley, 19; 
 Hai-vey Gibbs, 8 ; Noah B. Hazen, 17; Daniel Hazen, 51; Reuben Wills, 8i; Philo. 
 Sprague, 9; Luther Bartholomew, 68; G. R. Dunham, 45; Thomas Savage, 61; 
 Joshua Cushman, 8; William Savage, 16; Stephen Tilden, 3.— Total, 554. It 
 must be remembered that this number of barrels was not more than one-fifth of 
 the whole number made in the town in 1819. The whole quantity made in town 
 that year, if equally distributed, would have given one barrel each to every 
 person then living in the town. 
 
 MILLS AND FACTORIES IN HAKTFOBD VILLAGE. 
 
 In making the survey and laying out of the lots first divided among 
 the proprietors in 1761, fourteen lots were laid out on the north side of 
 and bordering upon White river, and six lots were laid out on the south 
 side of and bordering on "White river. Lot " No. 8," on the north side 
 of the river, was drawn by Elisha Wright. This lot extended up the 
 river so far as to include all the water power in use on the north side of 
 the river in said village since the first mills were erected there. Lot 
 " No. 6," on the south side of the river, extended up nearly to the present 
 bridge crossing on the road to Windsor, and included the site of the 
 mill lately built by the Hartford Woolen Co. 
 
 In the second division of lots (100 acres each) John Baldwin drew 
 " No. 19.'.' This lot was bounded on the north by White river, east by 
 lot " No. 6," and extended up the river about one hundred and seventy 
 rods, and included all the water power now in use by French, Watson 
 & Co. On the 12th of August, 1782, lot " No. 19 " was purchased by 
 Joel Tilden, of Lebanon, N. H. December 1st, 1795, Mr. Tilden sold 
 to Josiah Cleveland one and one-fourth acres of land bordering on 
 White river, which comprised the land on which French, Watson & 
 Co's mills are located. The price paid was $193.60. 
 
 On the 9th of January, 1795, Josiah Cleveland bought of Benjamin 
 Wright, Jr., three-fourths of an acre of lot " No. 8," on the north side 
 of the river (riparian right) paying for the same 138.72. This purchase 
 gave Cleveland the ownership of the riparian rights on both sides of 
 the river above the bridge. May 5, 1795, Josiah Cleveland deeded his 
 entire interest in the above named riparian rights, to Jacob Murdock 
 for the sum of $3,500, agreeing to build a dam across the river and erect 
 a grist-mill and saw mill on the north side of the river, all of which he did 
 within one year thereafter including also an oil-mill. March 24, 1797, Mur- 
 
122 HISTORY OF HARTFORB. 
 
 dock deeded one-half of the whole property to Ebenezer Broughton, and 
 the other half to Trumbull & Ellsworth. January 9th, 1799, Broughton 
 sold his half to Perez Jones for $2,000. Jones sold to Caleb Tuttle one- 
 half of his claim, and Tuttle sold the same to Elias Lyman, 3d on the 
 18th of July, 1803. The entire property then comprised tw^o saw-mills, 
 one grist-mill, one oil- mill and three-fourths of an acre of land on the 
 north side of the river, and one and one-fourth of an acre of land on the 
 south side of the river. 
 
 Lyman, and Trumbull & Ellsworth, erected a saw-mUl on the south 
 side of the river in 1803-4 On the 29th of January, 1805, they sold 
 said mill, the land, and one-half of the dam, to Wharam Loomis for 
 $2,000. June 24th, 1805, Lyman sold his interest in the entire property 
 to Trumbull & Ellsworth. 
 
 MILLS AND SHOPS ON NOKTH SIDE OF WHITE EIVEB. 
 
 The history of the Riparian rights, and mills on the north side of 
 White river has been given to June 24, 1805, when Elias Lyman, 3d, sold 
 one half of the mills, and one-fourth of the dam to Trumbull & Ells- 
 worth. On the same day Joseph Dorr bought of Trumbull & Ellsworth 
 their entire interest in the mills and water power for the sum of $2000. 
 July 28, 1810, Mr. Dorr sold the same property to Benjamin Lamphear. 
 Lamphear sold to William Scales, July 11, 1811, and Scales deeded the 
 whole property to President John Wheelock of Dartmouth College. 
 From the latter the property passed in the hands of Charles W. Win- 
 ship of Roxbury, Mass. Subsequently this property was transferred 
 from one party to another until December 28th, 1836, when it was sold 
 by James Appleton to Lucius W. Tilden, (i. e., fth including the lease 
 of the toll-house at the north end of the White river bridge.) Subse- 
 quent owners were Saihuel and Alonzo Moore, Edward Hazen, James 
 Puller, Sylvester Morris, Edward Morris, John Dwight Strong, Moore 
 & Madden, Z. B. Clark, Jonathan Bugbee. On the morning of January 
 20, 1886, the grist-mill belonging to Moore & Madden, the box factory 
 owned by Zerah B. Clarke, and the carriage shop and blacksmith shop 
 owned by Jonathan Bugbee, were totally destroyed by fire — the total 
 loss being not far from $20,000, with but $8000 insurance. 
 
 March 15, 1886, Moore & Madden conveyed to E. W. Morris their 
 grist-mill right, power, privilege and property — excepting a mill house. 
 March 11, 1887, Zerah B. Clarke sold to Isaac Gates, the site on which 
 his box shop stood for the sum of eighty-five dollars. During the 
 autumn of 1886, Jonathan Bugbee, built a blacksmith shop, carriage 
 and paint shop on the sight of the buildings burned. In the summer of 
 18 87 Isaac Gates erected a three-story building on the land he bought 
 of Z. B. Clarke — to be used as a chair factory. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 123 
 
 MANUrAOTOKIES ON SOUTH SIDE OF WHITE EIVEE. 
 
 After running the saw-mill until October 1st, 1806, Wharam Loomis 
 disposed of his purchase to Eiias Lyman, 3d. March 25, 1807, Mr. Lyman 
 leased a lot of ground 20x40 next east of the saw-mill to Absolom Ball, 
 with the privilege of taking sufficient water from the dam to carry a 
 fulling-mill, a machine for dressipg cloth, a machine for cutting dye- 
 stuff and| a grindstone. On this lot Mr. Ball built a fulling-mill in 
 
 1807. On the same day (March 25) Mr. Lyman leased to Joseph H. 
 Kneeland, a lot of land 29x40, adjoining that leased to Ball, with the 
 privilege of using water sufficient to carry a cardiug machine, spinning 
 and weaving, turning a lathe and a grind stone. On the 26th of July, 
 
 1808, Mr. Kneeland deeded to the "Hartford Manufacturing Com- 
 pany,'" all his right, title and interest acquired by virtue of said lease. 
 
 Absolom Ball continued in business at this point until his death in 
 1822. May 12, 1823, Elisha Fowler of Bethel, Vt., deeded the leased 
 premises, buildings, etc.-, to Joseph Fowler. April 8, 1831, Joseph 
 Fowler sold the same property to John S. Haines, who on the 19th of 
 February, 1833, sold the fulling-mill and machinery therein to Justin 
 Lyman, and some land with a dwelling-house and barn, west of the 
 saw-mill, to .Thomas Belknap, a son-in-law of Justin Lyman's. The 
 lease given to Joseph H. Kneeland by Mr. Lyman, and by Kneeland to 
 the " Hartford Manufacturing Co.," lapsed after some years, and the 
 factory was in disuse until 1831. 
 
 On the dissolution of partnership between Elias and Justin Lyman in 
 1829, Elias deeded to Justin all the property they had jointly owned on 
 the south side of the river, including the saw-mill, old and new factories, 
 mill privileges, etc., — subject only to the lease given to Absolom Ball — 
 for the sum of $15,000. This sale included the new cotton factory 
 erected by Elias Lyman, just east of the bridge in 1823. On the 4th of 
 June, 1831, Justin Lyman leased the factory built by Joseph Kneeland, 
 and a dwelling-house, to Noah B. Hazen. Mr. Lyman refurnished the 
 factory with new machinery for the manufacture of woolen goods. The 
 yearly rental was $200 for the factory, $45 for the house, and twelve 
 per cent, on the machinery, the lease to run three years. Soon after 
 effecting this lease, Mr. Hazen formed a partnership with Foster Sturte- 
 vant who came from Perkinsville, Vt. This partnership ended in 1832, 
 through the defalcation of Hazen. Attachments placed upon the prop- 
 
 'Incorjiorated November 7, 1807, by the General Assembly then in session in 
 Woodstock. The corporators were Samuel Horr, Guy Trumbull, Joseph H. Knee- 
 land, Thomas Hartwell, and Amos Bugbee. The factory then standing on the 
 leased ground was built by this corporation prior to the time Kneeland made over 
 his lease. 
 
134 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 erty of the company, led to a suspension, and a Sale of their property, 
 at auction. Aaron Willard was the principal purchaser, and in 1833, 
 he entered into a partnership with Mr. Sturtevant, and they continued 
 the manufacture of woolen goods in the old factory until 1839, when 
 the partnership was dissolved. 
 
 In the meantime, Foster Sturtevant purchased of Frances, widow of 
 Justin Lyman, the factory and machinery, the saw-mill, a dwelling house, 
 one and one-fourth acres of land, and one equal half of the dam and 
 water, and use of water in the canal. Two days later, June 15, 1886, 
 Thomas Belknap sold to said Sturtevant the land and buildings thereon, 
 sold to said Belknap by Joseph Fowler in 1833. Mr. Sturtevant con- 
 tinued the manufacture of woolen goods in said factory until 1848, 
 when his factory was destroyed by fire. This loss added to Hazen's 
 defalcation, was a severe trial to Mr. Sturtevant, and was probably the 
 principal cause of his death, which occurred by suicide March 17, 1849, 
 at the age of forty-eight years. 
 
 On the 16th of September 1852, Alvin Braley of Eoxbury, Vt., pur- 
 chased of the legal representatives of Foster Sturtevant all the real 
 estate left by Mr. Sturtevant, and at once commenced to build a factory 
 on the foundation of the one burned. He paid $2,200 for said property 
 and before his new factory was completed he disposed of his purchase 
 as follows : One- eighth to Dolphin G. Smith, one-fourth to John Van 
 Ornum, one-fourth to Justus W. French, and retained three-eights. 
 The four then united in a partnership under the title of " Van Ornum, 
 Braley & Co," for the purpose of manufacturing hay forks, garden rakes 
 and other steel implements for farming purposes. 
 
 October 7, 1856, D. G. Smith sold his interest to J. W. French. Jan- 
 uary 10, 1859, the fork factory, so-called, was destroyed by fire, but the 
 company rebuilt and resumed business during that year. July 15, 1861, 
 John Van Ornum sold out to J. W. French. Nov." 16, 1861, A. Judson 
 Van Ornum purchased one-fourth of all owned by French & Braley. 
 Dec. 28, 1865, Alvin Braley sold his share in the concern to J. W. 
 French. July 20, 1866, George Bannister purchased one-eighth of the 
 property, and a new partnership was formed under the title of " French, 
 Van Ornum & Co." On the 11th of April, 1868, A. J. Van Ornum sold 
 out to Edwin C. Watson, when the title was changed to " French, Wat- 
 son & Co.," which continues to be the title. H. C. Pease, proprietor. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 185 
 
 NAIL MANUFAOTOKY.' 
 
 The manufacture of cut nails was carried on in Wtiite Kiver village, 
 on the south side of White river, in a building that stood near the east 
 end of the saw mUl, as early as the year 1800.'' The first recorded evi- 
 dence that this business was carried on in this village at an early date, 
 is found in Vol. 6 of the land records of the town, and is in the form of 
 an agreement, of which the following is a true copy : — 
 
 " In consideration of David Matson this day selling his buildings in which his 
 naU mesheen stands to Absolom Ball, I hereby agree to let the said David have 
 a privilege to set his nail mesheen in the under part of a building I am about to 
 erect near the saw mill on the south side of White river as soon as the buildings 
 shall be built, so it is practable erecting the same, and he is to have sufELcient 
 room for his nail mecheen and to work the same as long as the said David wishes 
 personally to carry on the nail cutting business, &c. 
 
 Signed JOSEPH H. KNEEL AND & CO. ( 
 ABSOLOM BALL. ) 
 
 Hartford, 35th of March, 1807. 
 
 MILLS IN CENTREVILLE. 
 
 In the second division of one hundred acre lots among the proprie- 
 tors, lot " No. 64," on the north side of White river, and bordering on 
 the river, was drawn by Benjamin Whitney. This lot comprised the 
 location of the hamlet known as Centreville. After several transfers this 
 lot became, in 1791, the property of Elias Wilson. On the 26th of 
 August, 1798, Mr. Wilson sold seventeen acres bordering on the rivir 
 with all the water privileges belonging thereto, for the sum of eighty- 
 five doUars, Lemuel Cone being the purchaser. In 1801, Jesse Stoddard, 
 a constable, levied upon the premises owned by Cone, to satisfy a direct 
 tax of $5.33 asst. to said Cone, under an act of Congress passed July 
 14, 1798, to raise two mUlion dollars to support government. In 1803, the 
 property levied upon was sold at auction to Peter Miller for the said tax 
 and costs of sale. April 22d, 1805, Miller sold to Jedediah Strong fifty- 
 one acres, including twenty-one sold to him by Stoddard, with a grist- 
 
 ' The first machine for making cut nails was invented in Massachusetts about the 
 year i8oo, by a Mr. Odion. Soon after another was contrived by a Mr. Reed, of 
 the same State. Before these machines were introduced the strips of iron of suit- 
 able widths for conversion into nails were cut into wedge-like pieces by an instru- 
 ment which acted on the principle of the shears ; and these were afterwards headed 
 one by one with a hammer. Tacks were made by the same process. 
 
 '' The only evidence in support of the fact that nails were made in this village as 
 early as iSoo, is the statement made by Mr. S. B. Farman, who says that his grand- 
 father Farman, was engaged in the business of nail making in White River village 
 in i8oo, and, perhaps, at an earlier date. Mr. Farman's n^me does not appear in 
 the voting-list of the town, nor anywhere else in the town records. It is, therefore, 
 probable that he was ouly an employe in the nail works. Nails were then headed 
 with a hammer. Mrs. Farman worked at heading small nails and tacks with a ham- 
 mer in i8oo. 
 
126 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 mill, saw-mill, blacksmith's shop, dwelling-house, and the water privileges 
 for the sum of $2,000. Feb. 12th, 1808, Mr. Strong sold to Joshua 
 Cushman and Jesse Bridgman twenty-one acres and the mills, &c. In 
 1811, John Tracy bought of Cushman & Bridgman, the blacksmith shop 
 and the privilege of using water to run a trip-hammer, paying for 
 all f 200. February 25th, 1815, Cushman & Bridgman sold their pur- 
 chase to Jedediah Strong, who, after running the mills until 1827, sold 
 out to his son, John Strong, thirty acres and the mUls, &o. 
 
 In 1839, through the efforts of John Strong, a company was formed 
 under the title of " The White Eiver Mill Co," for the purpose of re- 
 pairing the mills, and dam, and increasing the facilities for grinding 
 grain, sawing lumber, carding wool, &c. 
 
 The members of this association were John Porter, John Downer, 
 John Strong, Thomas Crandall, Norman Tilden, Wm. Shepperdson, 
 Lucius Hazen, John Tracy, Stephen S. Downer, James Wood, Norman 
 Savage, Samuel Tracy, WiUiam Savage, Columbus Tracy, of Hartford, 
 Nathan Snow, of Pomfret, and Daniel Cobb, of Strafford. The capital 
 stock of this association was $10,000, or fifty shares at a par value of 
 $200 each. The enterprise proved to be an unprofitable one. The 
 stockholders realized less than six per cent, annual interest on their 
 investment, and on the dissolution of the -association, in 1854, the 
 shares were bought by John D wight Strong, at a discount of ninety 
 per cent, from the original par value. John Strong, alone, found it to 
 be a profitable venture. 
 
 J. Dwight Strong paid $1,000 for the entire premises. April 18th, 
 1857, he sold the same to Lu,cien B. Bliss. The owners of the property 
 since 1857, have not until quite recently found business there fairly 
 remunerative. Mr. Bliss sold to Jonas G. Lamphire in April, 1865. 
 Lamphire sold to Milo G. Gilbert, April 29, 1865. Gilbert sold to 
 Oscar P. Barron, March 1st, 1866. Between 1866 and 1886, the mills 
 were run by various parties on leases and otherwise. On the 2d of 
 April, 1886, David H. Moore and Edgar M. Madden purchased the 
 property, including a grist-mill, a saw-mill, dwelling-house and all 
 water privileges, paying for the same $2,250. In a word they paid but ■ 
 two hundred and fifty dollars more than they received for their mill 
 site and water privilege in White Eiver village. They have the entire 
 water-power in CentrevUle, do a good custom business there, in addition 
 to their flour and meal trade in White Eiver village. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 137 
 
 MILLS IN WEST HARTFORD. 
 
 So far as I can learn, it seems probable that a saw mill was built in 
 "West Hartford by Daniel Eansom in the year 1794. An addition was 
 made to this mill not long afterwards, in which the dyeing and carding 
 of wool was carried on for several years. These buildings stood on the 
 spot now occupied by the saw mill in use by H. D. Barrows, built in 
 1813. The owners of the premises since 1815 have been as follows : 
 David Wilson, 1815 to 1837 ; Henry Faunce, 1838 ; Zacheus Wheeler, 
 1838 to 1843 ; John Fuller and Charles H. Thurston, 1843 to 1855 ; 
 Charles H. Thurston, 1855 to 1872; Hamilton D. Barrows, 1872 to 
 1889. 
 
 As early as 1819, David Hazen oWtied a tanning establishment, which 
 was located closely adjacent to the saw mill. Mr. Hazen sold the tan- 
 nery, a dwelling house, etc., to Noah Dutton in 1835. February 2, 1843, 
 Mr. Dutton sold the tannery, dwelling house, and several acres of land, 
 to Isaac Dexter. In 1845, the premises were bought by Willard W. 
 Low, who after doing a thriving business for several years, fell into 
 habits of dissipation, and in 1868 died of delirium tremens. Since the 
 settlement of his estate nothing has been done at tanning in that vil- 
 lage. The premises are now owned by A. H. Colby, Esq. 
 
 In 1856, Alvan Tucker commenced the manufacture of spring-beds, 
 hand-rakes, etc., by the use of steam-power, but relinquished the busi- 
 ness two years later. In 1830, Peter Whitney and his sons John and 
 Ebenezer, had a furnace for manufacturing castings of various kinds. 
 After the removal of the Whitneys to Ohio in 1838, their business was 
 continued by Zavan Hazen. The business terminated in 1843, when Mr. 
 Hazen moved to Newburg, Indiana. 
 
 In 1854, Carlos Hazen began the manufacture of tin and sheet-iron 
 ware, in the shop previously occupied by James Wade, a cabinet maker. 
 After a few years' stay there Mr. Hazen removed to Lowell, Mass. 
 Amos Bartholomew, a very eccentric man, carried on the wheelwright 
 busintess in that village for many years. 
 
 MANUPACTUEING IN WHITE EIVER JUNCTION. 
 
 Steam is the only available motive power in White Kiver Junction, 
 and this has not been utilized there to any great extent. In 1849, Ar- 
 thur Latham, of Lyme, N. H , purchased land of Col. Samuel Nutt, 
 upon which he erecte.d a foundry, a machine shop, and several boarding 
 houses, and opened the business of manufacturing and repairing loco- 
 motives, railway cars, etc. After continuing this ..business but a few 
 years he suspended under heavy liabilities. The result proved nfore 
 
128 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 ruinous to his creditors than to Mr. Latham and his family, in a finan- 
 cial point of view. The business was not again revived there. The 
 machine shop was converted into a peg-factory, which was in operation 
 until 1882 under the superintendence of Mr. A. H. Wolfe. After the 
 discontinuance of the peg business the buildings stood unused until 
 1884, when they passed into the hands of W. L. Mclntire, a contractor 
 and builder, who refitted them with machinery for making mouldings, 
 general house finish, clothes pins, etc. In 1886, after making an addi- 
 tion of another building to the works, Mclntire suspended and left the 
 town. 
 
 In 1884-5, Joseph Mace erected a grist mUl near the Central railroad 
 round-house. It proved to be too 'heavy an undertaking for Mr. Mace 
 to carry through with success. ' The heavy expense of building and run- 
 ning a first-class mill in the face of competition, and other drawbacks, 
 led to a temporary aberation of his mind, and caused his withdrawal 
 from business. Subsequently business in this miU was commenced by 
 Byron Tilden and Fred Grover. After running the mill about one year 
 at a sacrifice, they closed it in the autumn of 1886, and the mill stands 
 unused. 
 
 GEOEGE W. SMITH S CKAOKEK FACTORY. 
 
 This representative house is one of the oldest in New England in the 
 combined cracker and confectionery business, having been established 
 in Hanover, N. H., in 1837, by Mr. E. K. Smith, who by keen fore- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 139 
 
 sight, sound judgment and a thorough devotion to his business, suc- 
 ceeded in building u^, while in Hanover, an extensive and profitable 
 trade, thus exemplifying the truth of the theory that from small begin- 
 nings a person possessed of industry, honesty and perseverance, may 
 obtain pre-eminence in any branch of business. 
 
 With a clear perception of the many advantages to be secured by 
 removing their business to White Eiver Junction, the site now occupied 
 was taken in 1871, and this is one of the most desirable locations in 
 Vermont. Mr.- E. K. Smith, the founder of the firm, died in 1877, since 
 which time the business has been conducted solely by his son, George 
 W. Smith, who is, in every sense of the word, a first-class business man. 
 This house has not been entirely exempt from losses during its exist- 
 ence of more than half a century, but has never failed. In 1884 the 
 premises were badly damaged by fire, but they were soon rebuilt, and at 
 the same time an extensive annex was made, which was demanded by a 
 largely increasing business. 
 
 While making a specialty of crackers, in which business he has 
 achieved an unrivalled reputation and phenomenal success, Mr. Smith 
 also carries a full line as displayed in confectionery, cigars, and other 
 things suited to the demands of the wide market in which he seeks to 
 serve and satisfy his patrons by a progressive system of business deal- 
 ing. He aims to sell the best goods at fairly remunerative prices, and 
 by pursuing this policy is enabled to secure a large share of the best 
 trade. 
 
 He buys the materials required in his business on an extensive scale, 
 and, consequently, everything is secured at the lowest prices. He 
 aitnually converts from thirty to forty car loads of flour, of choice 
 brands, into " Hanover " crackers, in which business he also uses at 
 least 300 barrels of lard. He now makes 65,000 crackers daily, or about 
 fifty barrels. In the manufacture of confectionery, he uses at least 500 
 barrels of sugar annually, or about 140,000 pounds. In addition to his 
 own manufactures he carries in stock fifty varieties of fancy cakes and 
 crackers, and about 400 varieties of confectionery. He employs ten to 
 twelve men in his bakery ; keeps on the road five salesmen, who sell by 
 samples, and has a weekly pay-roll of $200. 
 
 As an illustration of the extent of Mr. Smith's cracker making, it may 
 be said that his annual production is 1,625,000 dozens. If this number 
 were placed in a pile twenty-five feet square, and one hundred and 
 thirteen feet in height, sixty men could stand side by side around such 
 
130 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 a pile, and if each man should eat three dozen daily until the entire lot 
 was consumed, the pile would last thirty years. Or if his annual pro- 
 duction was equally divided among the inhabitants of Vermont, every 
 person would receive five dozens. 
 
 MARBLE AND GEANITE CUTTING. 
 
 The manufacture of marble monuments, tablets and head- stones, was 
 commenced in White Eiver Junction by John Harding, April 12, 1878. 
 Mr. Harding uses but little other than Italian marble.. His work is 
 equal to tjiat produced in any works in Vermont, in point of design and 
 finish. His productions range in value from twenty up to one thousand 
 dollars. He deals in granite monuments, made of the fine red variety 
 found in Red Beach, Maine. His principal carver and cutter is Mr. J. 
 M. Hodet. 
 
 Samuel Carlton opened the business of getting out granite curbing 
 and monuments in White Eiver Junction in 1881. He uses, principally. 
 Concord granite, and produces work ranging in price from twenty-five 
 to one thousand dollars. His work is excellent in finish and quahty, 
 and finds a ready market. His principal assistant is Mr. Jeff Durgin, a 
 skillful cutter and designer. 
 
 THE WHITE EIVER PAPEK COMPANY. 
 
 This corporation, located in White Eiver Junction, was established 
 for the purpose of "manufacturing books, printing, publishing or deal- 
 ing in newspapers, blank books, blanks, stationery, music and musical 
 instruments, and for procuring a place of business and incurring such 
 other expenditures as maybe necessary for the commencement and pros- 
 ecution of the business above named." The capital stock was origi- 
 nally $5,000, or 100 shares at $50 each, the actual amount paid in at the 
 date of organization, April 19, 1881, being $3,500. The president is 
 George W. Smith, the directors Alma C. Farman, Geo. W. Smith and S. 
 L. Farman. Place of business, basement of Smith's block. 
 
 bogle's JEWELEEY ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 The Wholesale Jewelry business of T. F. & M. J. Bogle, located in 
 Smith's Block, at White River Junction, is worthy of notice, as showing 
 perseverance and enterprise ; it being the only wholesale house of the 
 kind in Vermont or New Hampshire. 
 
 The business was started eight years ago, by its present manager, 
 Mr. 0. C. Bogle, who then lived at West Lebanon, N. H. He com- 
 menced selling goods to the trade in a small way, by driving one horse, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 131 
 
 and carrying a few goods -with him in two small trunks. Their business 
 now extends through the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont 
 and New York. They employ two salesmen on the road, and a corps 
 of efficient clerks at the store ; dealing exclusively in "Watches, Clocks, 
 Jewelry, Silver Plated Ware, Gold Pens, Spectacles and Eye Glasses, 
 Watchmaker's Tools and Materials ; and in these goods can compete 
 successfully with the New York and Boston Houses. 
 
 OLCOTT FALLS PAPER AND P0LP MILLS. 
 
 One of the most important manufacturing enterprises ever inaugurated 
 in Vermont, is that now well established at Olcott Falls on the Connec- 
 ticut river, two miles above White Eiver Junction, — one of the two 
 pulp mills being located upon ihe New Hampshire side of the river in 
 Lebanon. 
 
 Tills location on the west bank of the Connecticut river was known to the 
 early settlers of Hartford as " White River Falls," the water power at that point 
 being designated in the charter of township by that name and doubtless, for the 
 reason of theii- near proximity to the mouth of Wliite river. The Proprietors' 
 Committee, who came into the town in 1761 to lay out the boundary lines of the 
 town, reported that they commenced their work at the north-east comer of the 
 town " at the marked tree standing near the head of Wliite River Falls." There 
 ai-e, in fact, two principal falls, distinguished as " The Upper " and " The Lower 
 Falls," both of which are included in that portion of the river between lots "14" 
 and " 24," of the original division of lots, north of White river, bordering on the 
 Connecticut river. The extent in length of both falls is about 400 rods, and the 
 power afforded by them, jointly, is excelled by a few others only in New England 
 — ^beiug not less than 7000 horse power at low water ; with a possible 40 feet 
 faU. 
 
 The mill privileges at the lower falls were utiHzed, on both sides of the river, 
 as early as 1785. The lot of land immediately adjacent to the river at what is 
 termed the " lower bar of the falls " was, in the first division, number " 19" and 
 was drawn by Caleb Howard. April 10, 1769, Howard deeded this lot to Joel 
 Marsh. Oct. 23, 1769, Marsh deeded the same to Israel Gillett, who, by various 
 transfers to him, became possessed of all the original shares from " 18 " to " 23," 
 inclusive. The water privilege, together with about four acres of land bordering 
 on the river, subsequently passed into the hands of John Payne, of Hanover,and 
 John Payne, Jr., and Elizabeth Turner, of Hartford, who erected thereon a corn 
 mill and saw mill. June 14, 1787, the Paynes and Miss Turner, for a consider- 
 ation of $72.60, granted to Joseph Fowler of East Haddam, Ct., and Dr. Joseph 
 Lewis and Samuel Hutchinson of Norwich, the privilege of setting a fulling 
 mill at their (the grantors) mills^ and to draw water from the bulkhead neces- 
 sary to run said fulling mill. The grantees did not erect a fulling mill, but, on 
 the 19th of October, 1795, they deeded the right of water for a fulling mill to 
 Elisha Fowler, who on the 7th of October, 1793, had bought of Israel Gillett one 
 acre and thirteen rods of land on which to erect a fulling mill. EUsha Fowler, 
 
133 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 about this time purcliased of Franqes W. Savage, 15 acres of land bordering on the 
 river, which Fowler sold to Erastus Chapman July 29, 1790. Mr. Chapman was 
 by trade a blacksmith and he built on this land, a blacksmith's shop. Bhsha 
 Fowler, about this time, built a house near the falls. 
 
 On the 4th of April, 1790, John Payne of Hanover, N. H., deeded to Capt. 
 Daniel Phelps four acres of land, one-eighth of a corn mill, three-eighths of a 
 saw mUl, and water power at the lower fall. Captain Phelps, after buying the 
 interests of John Payne Jr. , and EUzabeth Turner and EHsha Fowler, on the 31st 
 of January, 1804, sold the wholer property, including water power, to Daniel 
 Green. Daniel Green sold to Gordon Whitmore. In August, 1817, said Whit- 
 more and Josiah Bellows deeded three undivided fourths of all the land and MUls 
 and power to Mills Olcott of Hanover, for the sum of |1500. Zerah Brooks, 
 father of the late Justin C. Brooks, deeded the remaining one-fourth to said 
 Olcott for the sum of |1000. About the same date, said Olcott bought the 
 riparian rights on the Lebanon, N. H., side of the river, and erected a saw mill 
 on the site. 
 
 The ' ' White River Falls Company " — Mills Olcott and others corporators — 
 was chartered by the New Hampshu-e legislature, June 12, 1807. This company 
 commenced building locks and canals on the same in 1810 at an expense of nearly 
 140,000. Mills Olcott was then about tliirty years of age. At first the amount of 
 business afforded no dividends, but later, it became a source of satisfactory 
 revenue. Mr. Olcott was,, however, subjected to almost constant litigation, 
 annoyance and anxiety for nearly forty years. 
 
 A corporation under the title of "The White River Falls Corporation" was 
 established by the Legislature of New Hampshire, June 23d, 1848. The corpora- 
 tors were James Han-is, Rufus Choate, Joseph Bell, Edward R. Olcott, Wm. H. 
 Duncan and Chas. E. Thompson. The authorized capital stock was |500,000. 
 This corporation was formed for the purpose of " maintaining a dam and water 
 power on Connecticut river, at White River Falls." On the 17th of AugTist, 
 1848, Rufus and Helen (Olcott) Choate, C. H. Olcott, Jane E. Heydock, Wm. A. 
 Olcott, (by Harriet A. Olcott) Wm. H. and Sarah (Olcott) Duncan, Edward R. 
 Olcott, Charles E. and Mary (Olcott) Thompson and Joseph and Juliana B. Bell, 
 deeded to Joseph Bell of Boston all the land and MUls owned by Mills Olcott 
 (three-fourths in Hartford) and all in Lebanon, for a consideration of $80,000. At 
 the same time James Harris and vdfe, deeded to said Joseph Bell, their interest 
 of one-fourth of the premises in Hartford, for a consideration of 120,000, — the 
 entire amount of property deeded " to be held in trust by said Bell to and for the 
 use of White River Falls Corporation, so long as the same remains unchanged by 
 any material amendment, etc. 
 
 Although the ostensible object of the corporation, as expressed in their charter, 
 was " to maintain a dam and water power at Wliite River Falls," they soon after 
 put this property on the market, hoping to effect a sale; but the price fixed, or 
 asked, (825,000) precluded the possibility of effecting a sale. Finally, Daniel G. 
 Blaisdell, treasurer of the corporation, announced an auction sale of the property, 
 including all riparian rights on both rides of the river, the privileges of the stream, 
 a saw mill on the Lebanon side, together with the locks and canal on the same 
 side, but, on the day named for said sale, not a bidder appeared; and all subse- 
 quent efforts made to dispose of the property proved futile until many years 
 later. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 133 
 
 In 1865 Israel Gillett, 3d, and Horace P^encli, erected a paper mill on the west 
 side of the Connecticut river and near the " Upper falls," so called, where they 
 manufactured paper from straw, until 1873, when the mill was washed away and 
 they suspended business at that point. Recognizing the value of the immense 
 water power afforded by the two falls and having often heard their relative, 
 Daniel O. Gillett, express his willingness to donate forty-five acres of land lying 
 adjacent to the river at that point, to encourage the utilization of said water 
 power, they called the attention of the late N. B. Saflford to the matter. This 
 public spirited gentleman being ever ready to promote the weU-f are and pros- 
 perity of his fellow citizens, proceeded to make an inspection of the water power 
 at the falls, with which he was very favorably impressed; and he resolved to 
 malie an effort to interest several wealthy manufacturers in the enterprise of pur- 
 chasing and utilizing said water power to its fullest capacity. Earnest and enthus- 
 iastic in this project, he soon succeeded in enlisting Messrs. Jones and Lamson, 
 manufacturers of cotton goods, Windsor, Vt., and through them, Messrs. Floyd 
 Bros. & Co., of Boston, in the project. 
 
 As a preliminary step, toward the consummation of their design, Mr. Safford 
 was delegated to confer with the owners of the water power and the riparian 
 rights adjacent thereto, on both sides of Connecticut river, to learn upon what 
 terms a title to the same could be acquired. With the land-ownprs on the Ver- 
 mont side of the river he was eminently successful. Daniel O. GiUett, a level- 
 headed, public-spirited gentleman, not only conflimed his (previous) offer to give 
 forty-five acres of land in aid of the enterprise, but took upon himself the work 
 of soliciting voluntary subscriptions to the amount of $4000 toward a purchase of 
 the interests of the "White River Falls Corporation," which he readily accom- 
 plished. He was also largely instrumental in influencing other land holders to 
 unite with himself in bonding over 100 acres to Mr. Safford, viz: Daniel O. 
 Gillett forty acres, Azro Gillett twenty, Orrin Taft twelve, Reuben Loveland ten, 
 Wm. J. Chandler twenty. 
 
 Wm. H. Duncan, who owned about fifty acres in that vicinity, declined to 
 gratuitously contribute land, but offered to sell ten acres for a consideration of 
 of 12000, which Mr. Safford decided to pay. Pending fm-ther negotiations how- 
 ever, Mr. Safford and his associates decided to apply to the General Assembly of 
 Vermont for an act of incorporation under the title of the " Hartford Mills Com- 
 pany," which they secured Nov. 36, 1872. The corporators were Noah B. 8af- 
 sord, RusseU L. Jones, Eastbum E. Lamson, Hiram Harlow, Daniel O. Gillett, 
 Chas. J. Jones, Edward E. Floyd, Samuel J; Whitton, Joseph A. Call and their 
 associates; incorporated for the purpose of manufacturing cotton and woolen 
 goods, etc. The capital stock was to be one hundred thousand dollars with the 
 right to increase the same to any sum not exceeding two million dollars; the 
 shai-es to be one hundred dollars each. 
 
 At this juncture of affairs, when success seemed assured beyond doubt, Mr. 
 W. H. Duncan, who was vacillating, and too easily influenced by some of his 
 narrow-minded neighbors, raised an insuperable obstacle to further negotiations, 
 by declining to deed any portion of the propei-ty unless the " Hartford Mill Co. 
 would agree to erect their first mill, or mills, at the ' lower falls,' or in the im- 
 mediate vicinity of the residue of his land adjoining the aforesaid ten acres.'' 
 To this condition the would-be purchasers would not submit, and the trade fell 
 
134 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 tlu'ough. Mr. Duncan lived to see and acknowledge his error, and make honor- 
 able amends. 
 
 Having received assurance that Mr. Duncan had finally decided to give ten 
 acres of land in aid of the enterprise, and that Messrs. GriUett, Taft, Chandler, 
 Loveland and others, vs^ould renew their former bpnd to deed the quantities of 
 land offered by them in the premises, and also, that the water power and ripariaii 
 rights could be purchased on more favorable terms than formerly, Mr. Safiord 
 began anew in 1880, to accomplish his long cherished purpose. The first re- 
 sponse to his efforts, came from Mr. D. P. Crocker, a wealthy resident of Spring- 
 field, Mass., who, after a careful inspection of the water power at the falls, and 
 due consideration of the liberal inducements offered, concluded a purchase of the 
 water and riparian rights owned by the " White River Falls Company," for the 
 sum of four thousand dollars. He also purchased about fifty acres of land on 
 the Lebanon side of the river for which he paid three thousand dollars, while, at 
 the same time, he received at the hands of the above named land-owners a gift 
 of about one hundred and thirty acres of land on the west side of the river, most 
 of which hes east of the Passumpsic railroad. 
 
 On the 33rd of June, 188G, Mr. Crocker conveyed his right, title, and interest 
 in the above real estate, and 1000, shares of the stock to ' White River Falls Co.' — 
 reserving twenty acres of land on the west side of the railroad, and this he sub- 
 sequently deeded to the " Olcott Falls Co.'' In 1881, by an act of the New Hamp- 
 shire legislature, the title of the " White River Falls Company," was changed to 
 " Olcott Falls Co." 
 
 On the 10th of August, 1882, the " Olcott Falls Co." commenced th« work of 
 constructing a dam across Connecticut river. This was completed Jan. 10th, 
 1883. The length of the dam is 808 feet, wood work 608 feet, abutments 300 feet. 
 Nearly 1,700,000 feet of lumber and 3300 perches of stone were used in the dam. 
 The cbst of the dam was about §50,000. A pulp mill was completed Aug. 26th, 
 1883. Twelve thousand yards of stone were removed in forming the wheel-pit. 
 By one blast with 650 pounds of dynamite, 600 cubic yai-ds of rock were removed. 
 The pulp mill has two stories and a basement. The machinery consists of eleven 
 Himt water wheels, each of 300 horse-power. Water is conducted to these 
 wheels through two iron pent stocks, each eight feet in diameter and 120 feet in 
 length, the fall being forty feet. The machines for reducing wood to pulp con- 
 sist of nine Tower grinders, each capable of grinding five tons per day of wet 
 pulp, and other machines in general use. With a run of twenty-four hours, this 
 mill produces about forty-five tons of wet pulp, using nearly thirty cords of tim- 
 ber per day. The gi-ound plan of this mill is 86x86 feet. 
 
 The paper mill comprises six divisions, viz: — an engine-room, 64x119; a bleach 
 liouse, 48x66; a machine room, 60x138; a finishing room, 36x90; a boiler house, 
 40x42; and a stock house, 38x150, all built of brick, and mainly, one story in 
 height. In the construction of the buildings and chimney about 2,000,000 brick 
 were used. The chimney is 100 feet in height. The whole ground space occu- 
 pied by all the buildings named is nearly 37,000 square feet. The machinery in 
 the paper mill comprises four boilers, each of ninety horse-power; two paper- 
 making machines, each having a capacity of nine tons per day, together with 
 the necessary Hunt water wheels which are fed through a pent stock of the same 
 dimensions as those above named. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 135 
 
 The dam and mills were built by S. 8. Ordway, conteaotor; Stone Bros., of 
 Laconia, N. H., being sub-contractors for laying brick, plastering, etc. The tim- 
 ber for the dam was fm-nished mostly by Pattee & Perley, of Lebanon, N. H. 
 The stone was blasted out on the spot, with the exception of granite, most of 
 which, including door and window caps and sUls, were obtained of D. TUton, 
 Enfield, N. H. The brick were made at Orford, N. H., by the O. F. Co. The 
 southern pine came from the New Haven Lumber Co. The machinery was man- 
 ufactm-ed as follows: Water wheels, Rodney Hunt, Orange Mass.; grinders, 
 Holyoke (Mass.) Mfg. Co.; boUers, H. Loruag, South Boston, Mass.; paper ma- 
 chines. Union Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass. 
 
 The paper made at Olcott is exclusively for city daUy newspapers. This paper 
 is formed of the filaments of spruce and poplar wood, and some waste cotton, 
 and by an adjustment of machinery of extraordinary delicacy, the pulp formed 
 of these substances is converted into an endless web of paper, as long at least as 
 the machines are suppUed with pulp. The paper made at this mill is made into 
 rolls weighing 600 pounds. Much of the spruce and poplar comes from Canada 
 ready to be fed to the grinders. 
 
 The Olcott Falls Co. is constructing a new pulp mill on the Lebanon side. This 
 mill has ten giinders requiring a total of 2250 horse power. The pulp produced 
 in this mill will be conveyed to the paper miU on the opposite side of the river 
 in pipes laid upon a foot bridge spanning the river. There are only three 
 or four houses on the Lebanon side. Probably other manufacturing 
 estabUshments will be put ia operation in Olcott at no distant day, and 
 the many hundred available building lots there wiU be occupied; and it will 
 become the most important village in Hartford, if not in Windsor county. The 
 nucleus now formed comprises about fifty dwelling houses, a commodious school 
 house, a post office, a dry goods and gi-ocery store, a public hall with a seating 
 capacity of 150 persons, a livery stable, etc. A congregational chirrch was 
 organized here Oct. 14, 1888, under the name of the " United Church of Christ in 
 Olcott." The property of this company, in Hartford, now exempted from taxa- 
 tion amoimts to |227,300, divided as follows : for ten years from April 1, 1885, 
 177,300; for ten yeai-s f rom AprU 1,1888, |150,000. It is, however, safe to say 
 that the increase in the valuation of real estate, including buildings, resulting 
 from the establishment of the mills ali-eady in operation at that point, is largely 
 in excess of the amount exempted for ten years from April 1, 1885. 
 
 This enterprise will conduce to the growth, wealth and prosperity of the town. 
 Our farmers will experience an inci'eased demand for their farm produce. Good 
 prices and a ready mai'ket are the natural results of the estabUshment of manu- 
 factories in our midst. Farming in particular is rendered more profitable and 
 pleasant as a calling. Increased and continuous profits on labor and capital 
 furnish means wherewith to meet taxation, the payment of help and interest 
 money, to raise mortgages or to obviate giving them, and to secure increased 
 comforts of life and more agreeable surroxmdings. Like benefits accrue to all 
 classes of society. These benefits are too obvious to need enumeration further 
 than to say that factories and mills such as exist in Hartford add largely to the 
 taxable property of a town, and increase the number of taxpayers, thereby lessen- 
 ing per capita taxation. They also afford employment to many persons who 
 would otherwise be idle, and very likely worse than idle, " idleness being the 
 mother of niischief." 
 
136 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 THE HABTFOED WOOLEN COMPANY. 
 
 The site occupied by this company, on the south side of White river, is 
 the north end of lot " No. 6," which, in the first division of land among 
 the proprietors of Hartford, was drawn by Elijah Bingham, and con- 
 tained sixty-five acres. This lot, after several transfers had taken place, 
 became the property of Josiah Tilden in 1800. In January, 1807, Mr. 
 Tilden sold to Elias Lyman three-fourths of an acre off the end of this 
 lot, bordering on the south side of the turnpike. This slip of land has 
 been since 1761 the subject of numerous transfers, the owners having 
 been as follows : Elijah Bingham, Nehemiah Closson, Josiah Tilden, 
 Elias Lyman, 3d, Jonathan Bugbee, David Kneeland, Joseph H. Knee- 
 land, Edward Kneeland, Sylvester Morris, E. W. Morris, and the Hart- 
 ford Woolen Co. That portion of the lot lying between the turnpike 
 and White river has changed hands as follows : Elijah Bingham, 1761; 
 Nehemiah Closson, 1772 ; David Wright, 1783; Josiah Tilden, 1800; 
 Joseph Buckingham, 1804 ; John Gilbert, 1806 ; Elisha Hotchkiss, 1808 ; 
 David Matson, 1809 ; Elias Lyman, 3d, 1815 ; Justin Lyman, 1829 ; 
 Sylvester Morris, 1853 ; E. W. Morris, 1857 ; Hartford Woolen Co., 
 1886. 
 
 The site on which the Hartford Woolen Company have erected their 
 mill is invested with a degree of interest that seldom attaches to building 
 sites, for the reason that one of the first two factories built in Vermont 
 for the manufacture of cotton goods was here located. I allude to the 
 factory erected on this site by Elias Lyman, 3d, in 1823, which was the 
 second cotton factory established in Vermont, and one of the first 100 
 put in operation north of the Potomac river. In November, 1829, on 
 the dissolution of the partnership between Elias and Justin Lyman, this 
 factory came into Justin's hands. On the 27th of August, 1831, Mr. 
 Lyman leased his factory and four dwelling houses to Horace Barbour 
 and Stephen Kimball, of Lowell, Mass., for a term of five years, com- 
 mencing March 1st, 1832. In 1835, this factory was destroyed by fire. 
 Mr. Lyman did not deem it advisable to rebuild, and the site remained 
 vacant until 1853, when Mr. Sylvester Morris, of Norwich, Vt., pur- 
 chased the foundation of the factory, one two-story dwelling house, one 
 one-story dwelling house, one store house, and an equal half of the dam 
 for the sum of $2000. Mr. Morris erected a mill on the foundation of 
 this factory, and into this mill he put machinery for grinding plaster. 
 In 1855 he added "the business of getting out chair stock. 
 
 In 1857, Mr. Morris sold the premises and business to his son, Ed- 
 ward W., who added a saw mill to the establishment, fitted up the mill . 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 137 
 
 with machinery for manufacturing chairs, and also built the store house 
 now standing near the raUroad opposite the factory. 
 
 This company was organized on the 14th of October, 1886. The arti- 
 cles of association were signed October 9th by Ephraim Morris, Edward 
 W. Morris, Henry H. Hanchett, Daniel L. Gushing, Vincent J. Brennan, 
 Charles M. Cone, and Dr. Joseph B. Eand, of Hartford, and Dr. "Wm. 
 T. Smith, of Hanover, N. H. The amount of capital stock is $100,000, 
 or 1000 shares at a par value of $100. Officers : president, Ephraim 
 Morris ; secretary, E. W. Morris ; treasurer, C. M. Cone ; superintend- 
 ent, Vincent J. Brennan. Mr. Brennan soon retired and sold his stock. 
 
 The mill is 174 feet iu length by 50 feet in width and four stories in 
 height, with a corner tower 20x20 feet and 65 feet in height. The chim- 
 ney is 85 feet in height. The whole mill is brick lined and is extremely 
 well lighted throughout. The machinery consists of two sixty-horse 
 power Risdon water wheels, two seventy -five-horse power boilers, one 
 sixty-horse power engine, eight 300 spindle spinning mules, six sets of 
 cards, thirty broad fancy looms, together with pickers, finishing machin- 
 ery, and all other appurtenances requisite to a first-class mill. The tow- 
 er is surmounted by a fine bell weighing 500 pounds. The method of 
 heating is by steam. The use of automatic sprinklers, well distributed 
 and placed, in every apartment of the mill, and fed with water from two 
 1200-gallon tanks located in the tower, together with a Daniels rotary 
 water pump and a Dean steam pump, afford means for extinguishing 
 fires, that reduce probabilities of losses by the devouring element to a 
 minimum, and consequently rates of insurance are materially reduced. 
 
 The lumber used in the construction of this mill was bought of Mr. 
 Austin Howard, the well-known leading manufacturer and wholesale 
 dealer in lumber, who resides in West Hartford. The windows, doors, 
 casings, etc., were furnished by Charles A. Bacon, of West Lebanon, 
 N. H. 
 
 The daily product of the mill has been 600 yards of double-width 
 cloth for gentlemen's suitings, with a weekly pay-roll of $800. When 
 running full the company will employ from 125 to 150 hands, to pro- 
 duce daily 1000 yards of double-width goods. 
 
 The location of this manufacturing establishment is a very desirable 
 one in respect to the available water power afforded by the White river, 
 the superior facilities for transportation by rail, both in receiving sup- 
 plies of new material and the shipment of manufactured goods, the 
 remarkable healthfulness of the climate of this section, also in being in 
 the heart of a productive agricultural region where food is plentiful. 
 
138 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 good and cheap, and with a few exceptions rents are reasonable, though 
 tenements of a desirable kind are wanting.' 
 
 THE HAETEOED CEEAMEET. 
 
 The following article written by the historian for the " Vermont 
 J'ournal" published in Windsor, appeared in that paper under date of 
 April 18, 1888: 
 
 The farmers of Hartford ai'e manifesting great interest in the matter of estab- 
 lishing creameries' in the town. The subject has been discussed in all its bear- 
 ings for some weeks past, and one of the practical results following therefrom, 
 is the organization of the Hartford Creamery Company, which oocun'ed on 
 Wednesday, the 11th inst., at Hartford village, the foUowing named oflEicers 
 being chosen: President, Harper Hazen ; vice-president, G. H. Savage ; secre- 
 tary and treasurer, A. L. Pease ; manager, Albert B. Chandler. This company 
 has leased a building and water-power of Messrs. Moore & Madden at Centi'e- 
 ville, and will at once put in a separator of the most improved kind, with a 
 capacity equal to the extent of business that may reasonably be anticipated. 
 Milk for 100 poimds of butter per day is assured with the surety of a large in- 
 crease in the future. 
 
 Centreville was chosen as a location for the creamery for the reason that a 
 very desirable degree of patronage can thereby be secured in Pomfret and West 
 Hartford. 
 
 It is to be hoped that this new enterprise will prove a successful one.' Some- 
 thing should be done to render the work of farmers' wives less burdensome. 
 Science and art have been taxed to their utmost resources in the production of 
 labor-saving machinery for the benefit of the male portion of the community. 
 The work of the farmer has been wonderfully Ughtened and lessened by the in- 
 troduction of improved implements of husbandry. Horse, or steam power, ren- 
 ders his work comparatively easy and pleasant. But, what has been done to 
 reheve farmers' wives of the drudgery to which they are continually subjected? 
 The sewing machine may render then- family sewing less onerous, but the 
 motive power necessary to accompUsh this work is found alone in then- own 
 muscles and nerves. In no phase of then- labor can they avail themselves of 
 horse and steam power ! The patient endurance of farmers' wives is something 
 almost marvellous to witness. 
 
 Now just see what an immense saving of drudgery to farmers' vrives this 
 creamery will be ! Instead of having a large munber of pans of millf to skim 
 and empty ; pans to wash and scald, and set in the sun ; butter to churn, wash, 
 work over and stamp, or , pack dowm ; a number of swiU-pails or barrels sitting 
 around with more or less unpleasant odor, they have a few pails to wash, and 
 their dairy work is completed. 
 
 ' To encourage this enterprise the town voted in 1885 to exempt the property from 
 taxation for five years. The amojint exempted from April i, 1887, to April I, 1892, 
 is Sio.ooo; from April i, 1888, to April i, 1893, 122,300. Total, §32,300. 
 
 ° Business was suspended at this creamery in the fall of 1888. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 HIGHAVAYS, TURNPIKES, BTC. 
 
 It has already been stated that the proprietors sent a committee into 
 the township as early as 1761 to lay out lots and highways. The action 
 of the proprietors relating to highways will now be quoted from the 
 records. 
 
 August 26th, 1761. Voted to lay out convenient roads so many as the com- 
 mittee shall Judge necessary. 
 
 Nov. 23d, 1761. "Voted that one or more persons shall be chosen to apply to 
 a committee or selectmen of the several towns that he down the Connecticut 
 river from Hartford unto the King's ferry above Charlestown, or Number four 
 so-called, on the west side of said river, and also to comply with those above on 
 said river, if appUed to, to join with us to search out a pubUck road from the 
 said King's ferry in the most convenient place through said towns to accomo- 
 .date traveling to and through said towns, and mark out and clear the same so 
 much as to make feasible traveling." 
 
 The committees who had visited the town came up the Connecticut 
 river by " Number 4 " fort, to the mouth of White river through a 
 dense wilderness, their course being marked by blazed trees. By this 
 primitive bridle-path the first settlers found their way into the town- 
 ship, bringing on horse-back all their worldly goods wherewith to begin 
 house-keepiilg, and tilling the soil. 
 
 March 9th, 1763. Prince Tracy and John Baldwin were chosen a committee 
 to agree with the proprietors of other towns below Hartford to find out where 
 the best place was for the aforesaid road, and mark it out, and hire men to clear 
 it as cheap as they could. November 3d, 1768, it was voted to lay out a high- 
 way through the town eastward from the Connecticixt river to Pomfret line ; 
 also to lay out a road from the Norwhioh line to Quechee, the two roads to' cross 
 each other at the centre of the town as the land wiU conveniently admit of with 
 a suitable place of parade. Dec. 3d, 1764, it was voted that each proprietor 
 should wori: four days at clearing highways by the 1st of September or pay 
 sixteen shillings tax. 
 
 Sept. 19, 1767, it was voted to lay out a highway from that leading from 
 Connecticut river to Pomfret up said river to White river, thence up said river 
 as far as may be thougKt best, thence to steer the nearest and best way across the 
 town over to or near the saw mUl of Abel Marsh & Co.' Stephen TUden, EUjah 
 .Strong and John Marsh were chosen a committee to lay said road. It was also 
 voted to pay £1 13s money, or do eight days' work upon each share, on highways 
 that fall. Also, that Solomon Strong and Abel Marsh should view the road 
 from Daniel Pinneo's to Hertford^ and pay for the labor done on it out of the 
 above voted tax. October 7th, 1768, Abel Marsh, John Marsh and Benjamin 
 Burtch were chosen a committee to lay out a road from the saw-mill (Quechee) 
 to Pomfret line; also from said miU to the centre of the town. 
 
 ' Quechee Village. " Hartland. 
 
140 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 September 18, 1769, it was voted to accept the reports of all the comnaittees on 
 roads and the settlement of land damages was enti'usted to Eleazer Robinson, 
 Abel Marsh and Benajah Strong. Nov. 16th, 1775, Capt. Joseph Mai-sh, Stephen 
 Tilden and Joel Marsh were chosen a committee to treat with Amos Robinson 
 and with Lebanon about a road from the Connecticut river road to the f eriy on 
 the Lebanon side of the river. 
 
 The foregoing constitutes all the important action of the proprietors, 
 and of the town up to 1775, on roads. In 1821, the town was first 
 divided into highway districts, twenty-three in number. In March, 
 1822, the first district surveyors were chosen (twenty-three). Seven 
 districts have since been added. TJie following list comprises the full 
 number of districts, the name of the first surveyor chosen in each dis- 
 trict and date of the organization of each district. 
 
 MAECH 33, 1832. f 
 
 District No. 1, Billy GUlet; (2) Dan Hazen; (3) Joseph Crandall; (4) Allen 
 Smith; (5) Joseph Tracy; (6) Thomas Savage; (7) NoaJi B. Hazen; (8) Reuben 
 Tenney, Jr. ; (9) Edward Kneeland; (10) Hyde Clark; (11) Charles Pinneo; (12) 
 Levi Russ; (13) S. G. Gardner; (14) Joseph Fowler; (15) W. Jennings; (16) Daniel 
 Marsh; (17) Jacob Dimmick; (18) Jonathan Smith; (19) Reuben Hazen; (20) H. 
 Marsh; (21) Roswell Deming; (22) Chiistopher Pease; (33) Nathaniel Thomas. 
 
 March 4th, 1883. No. 24, Eli Harrington; (25) Jessie P. Hatch. March 4th, 
 1845, (26) Zerah B. Clark. March 4th, 1850, (27) Norman Tilden; (28) William 
 Savage; (29) Loren B. Dudley. March 4th, 1863, (80) John C. Head. 
 
 The limits of this history will not permit of a detailed statement 
 relating to the building of all the highways in town— ^aggregating at 
 least 200 miles. 
 
 The first highway on the north side of "White river leading up said 
 
 river from Connecticut river, was laid out pursuant to the following 
 
 petition, to wit : 
 
 To the Selectmen of the Tovsm of Hartford in Windsor County, Vt: 
 
 The appUcation of us the subscribers, freeholders of said town humbly showeth 
 that there is no road or highway laid out on the north ride of White river from 
 the f ordway a little below Capt. Andrew Tracy's to the great river at the mouth 
 of White river, near Mr. Jno Bennett's about two miles in length, and that there 
 is great need of, and even necessity for a liighway in the place abovementioned 
 to acconmaodate the publie, as there is and must be of necessity much travel, 
 thereon, and of gi'eat public utility, as well as private advantage and conven- 
 ience. We do therefore pray the said Selectmen to repair to the place, above 
 mentioned and lay out a highway, and survey the same and make return of their 
 doings in the premises, into the Town Clerk's office as the law directs. 
 Dated at Hartford this ) Signed DAVID JANES 
 
 31st day of June 1790. \ STEPHEN TILDEN JUN ) 
 
 BENJ WRIGHT JUN l Freeholders. 
 ROWLAND POWELL ) 
 
 Parsant to the above application the selectmen laid out a road from 
 the west end of Capt. Tracy's interval to John Bennett's at the 
 mouth of White river, the entire distance being one mile and two hun- 
 dred and fifty-four rods. The ferry above alluded to was used from 
 1764 until 1852. The highway was built about six years before a dam 
 was built at White Eiver Village. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 141 
 
 The first movement toward building a turnpike, or toll road, through 
 Hartford, was made by Col. Joel Marsh, Elias Stevens and George 
 Dana, who petitioned the General Assembly of Vermont Oct. 13, 1800, 
 for " the exclusive privilege of making a turnpike road on northerly side 
 of White river, through Hartford, a corner of Pomfret, Sharon, and to 
 the mouth of the second branch of said river in Royalton, under the 
 corporate title of ' The "White River Turnpike Company.' " An act in- 
 corporating said company was passed November 1st, 1800. On the 11th 
 of Nov., 1802, Elias Stevens and Elias Curtis, road commissioners, 
 completed the survey of said turnpike from Lyman's Point to Sharon 
 line, a distance of seven and three-fourths miles and forty-six rods. The 
 distance from Lyman's Pt. to the terminus in Royalton was not far 
 from twenty miles. 
 
 On this turnpike road toll gates were erected, the first in Hartford, 
 being located at or near Munsill's Ferry (See Ferries). Later this was 
 removed about one mile further north near to the residence of Abel 
 Camp's (now Levi Hazen's), and one at John Downer's inn on the Sharon 
 line (now the home of Harry Parkhurst). In 1852, the stockholders 
 voted to give up this turnpike to Hartford, Sharon and Royalton, when 
 the three towns would, together, pay $30, or when any one of them 
 would pay $10, to the corporation, such town should be entitled to that 
 part of said turnpike that lay in said town. George Lyman was appoint- 
 ed agent to close up the affairs of the corporation and all books and 
 papers passed into his hands. The proposition to the towns was 
 accepted by each of them, the gates were taken down, and another step 
 toward a more enlightened civilization was accomplished. 
 
 Prior to 1836, nearly all the West India and dry goods, hardware, 
 &c., used in this section of the State, came from Hartford, Connecticut, 
 by flat-boats. This was owing to a lack of good roads to Boston. The 
 roads were then almost impassable by one horse teams, yet, in cases of 
 urgency, or expediency, two-horse teams were sent over the road via. 
 Concord to Boston. It is related of Elias Lyman that he, on a certain 
 time, desired to send $1,000 in money to Boston, and adopted a novel 
 method of sending it. Wishing, at the same time to send some clover 
 seed to Boston he enclosed the .money in a bag of the seed, and sent it 
 forward by a two-horse team as freight. The team was on the road 8 
 days, but reached Boston safely, and then, for the first time, the team- 
 ster learned the nature and value of his load. 
 
 The general freight and passenger business in those days was confined 
 to the Connecticut river. The mode of conveyance was by flat-boats. 
 The round trip between this town and Hartford, Ct., occupied 15 days 
 
143 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Steamboats were run up the river, a few times, as far as Dalton, N. H., 
 but owing to a dif&culty in passing them through the locks, they were 
 withdrawn. In consequence of the completion of turnpike roads to 
 Boston in the year 1836, trade was diverted from Hartford to Boston, 
 and river transportation praiCtically ceased. 
 
 FEEEIES AND FOEDS. 
 
 Ferries preceded bridges by some years. The proprietors being de- 
 sirous of opening communication with the town of Lebanon voted April 
 29th, 1763, "that a good skow ferry boat twenty-five feet long and 
 eight feet wide sufficient to carry men, horses or carts, or the like, 
 should be built for the proprietors' use, and upon the proprietors' cost, 
 which should be kept in Connecticut river against said town." John 
 Baldwin was chosen to build this boat, and assisted by John Bennet 
 and Elijah Strong, completed and launched it as designated, in 1764. 
 It is proba]Dle that this was the only method of crossing the river until 
 Elias Lyman b'uilt the first bridge over the Connecticut river, near the 
 confluence of this stream with White river, in the year 1800. 
 
 A ferry existed near the mouth of White river, between the north 
 and south side of said river, as early as 1808, and probably much earlier. 
 On the 14th of April, 1817, the authorities of the town established a 
 rate of ferriage for this ferry and one existing at Hartford village. 
 Jonathan C. White, was appointed ferryman at the mouth of White 
 river and Wharam Loomis to the same office at Hartford. 
 
 THE BATES OF TOLL. 
 
 Eaoh footman, 3c.; horse and rider, 5c.; one horse and wagon, lOc; two 
 horses and wagon, 15c.; loaded wagon, 20c.; chaise and horse, ISJo.; two-horse 
 carriage, 35c.; one do do, 34o. ; each sheep or swine, Ic; each horse Or mule, 3c.; 
 each neat cattle, 3c. _; cart by two cattle, 15c.; cart loaded, 30c.; each additional 
 beast, 3|o. ; (4th April, 1818), mail coach each time, 17c. ; f our-horse team, 35c. 
 
 Prior to 1820 a ferry existed at West Hartford near where the bridge 
 now stands. A canoe dug out of a log was first used to convey pas- 
 sengers only. The river was forded at numerous points between 
 Lyman's bridge and Sharon line. The following is found in the town 
 records : 
 
 " At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Hartford legally warned and 
 holden at the meeting-house on Tuesday the fourth day of September, 1798, 
 acted as follows, viz. : First chose Gov. Marsh moderator to govern sd meeting. 
 Voted to stop all the pubUc roads to and from White river from Connecticut 
 river to Stephen TUden's, Jr., house, when a good bridge shaU be built near 
 Benjamin Wright's. Voted to dismiss this meeting and it was accordingly dis- 
 missed." 
 
 FOEDWATS. 
 
 The selectmen of the town in 1799 established a fordway on White 
 river, crossing from Samuel Wells' land to the farm of Widow Smith, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 143 
 
 since then the town poor farm. This was called " Munsel's ford." ' 
 Thare was also a fordway near the residence of Abel Camp at West 
 Hartford, where Levi Hazen now lives, and this was the chief crossing 
 place on the route to Woodstock and Pomfret prior to 1820. A ford- 
 way existed near Wood's tannery, above Hartford village, until within 
 a few yeai's past. Zenas Cleveland was ferryman at Hartford village 
 several years, subsequent to 1836. There was a fordway just south of 
 the bridge crossing at Hartford. In 1805 the directors of the White 
 River Bridge Company gave Maj. David Wright power to confer with 
 the town about stopping up this fordway under the bridge and the 
 roadway across the river near Trumbull's mills (just above said, bridge) 
 on the ice ; whereupon, the town voted " that if said corporation would 
 set their gates open for the inhabitants of said town so that they might 
 cross either way free of expense, the said corporation might stop the 
 said fordways at its own expense and keep them stopped so long as the 
 corporarion would keep their gates open and no longer." A compro- 
 mise was some time after this effected, by which the fordways were 
 closed to public travel. 
 
 The first bridges were strong, rudely constructed structures. Logs 
 composed the foundation and abutments, and the coverings were of 
 poles with a heavy log placed at each end of the bridge to hold down 
 the poles, and guard from running off teams. Such bridges answered 
 for brook crossings, and if often swept away by high water, were easily 
 replaced. But settlements had been made on both sides of the rivers, 
 and communication between these by fordways was liable to be sus- 
 pended by high water, and the ferries were insufficient to transport all 
 teams from shore to shore, and, in such exigencies, bridges were needed. 
 In selecting a site for river bridges, convenience of location would 
 naturally govern the choice made ; but, if practicable, this would be 
 subordinated to the desirability of economizing time, space and money, 
 by building over a narrow channel, which, in the course of nature, 
 would be rock bound, and points offering this double advantage of 
 narrow width and rock foundation were often utilized on the score of 
 
 'The following record is found in the Selectmen's Book: "June 14, 1799. 
 Road to Munsil's Ferry, beginning on the south bank of White river where the 
 road strikes said river which is laid through Eliphalet Marsh's land, thence west- 
 wardly up said river on the side of the bank thereof as near the river as may be 
 convenient as far as to the west side of the first brook which empties into said 
 river. No damages assessed to the owner of the land. Laid and established by 
 us. 
 
 DANIEL HAZEN, ) ^^,^„^^„ 
 ABEL BARRON, [-Selectmen. 
 
144 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 economy, though our ancestors soon learned that the narrowest channels 
 had the highest water, especially during spring freshets, and that, then, 
 the swollen streams freighted with ice, and all manner of flood-wood, 
 could not be confined within limits prescribed by men, and played fan- 
 tastic and vexatious tricks with the experimental structures first thrown 
 across the rivers. Eighty years later the civil engineers who laid out 
 the first culverts built along the line of theVt. Central Eail way, heedless 
 of the voice of reason and experience, were soon taught by the voice of 
 angry-rushing waters, the fallacy of trusting to unaided human judg- 
 ment. They did not " build better than they knew." 
 
 BRIDGE OVER OTTAQTJECHEE RIVER. 
 
 The records inform us that a bridge was built over the Water Quechee 
 river, near Marsh's saw mill, in the year 1769, and that Capt. Abel Marsh 
 was chosen to oversee the work of constructing the same. This bridge 
 was, doubtless, made after the plan of the "king-post" bridges then in 
 vogue, which required but little mechanical skill in their construction. 
 In 1803, the town was indicted for neglecting to keep this bridge and 
 one at Neal Rust's in repair. Joseph Marsh was chosen agent to defend 
 the suit commenced against the town. At the -same time the town de- 
 cided to replace the bridge at Marsh's mills, and repair or condemn the 
 bridge near Neal Eust's. Mitchell Clark, David Newton and Asa Tilden, 
 were entrusted with this duty. 
 
 Lyman's bridge. 
 
 On the 21st of Oct., 1795, the Legislature of Vermont passed an act 
 to incorporate certain persons for locking falls, cutting canals, and 
 building bridges over Connecticut river between the mouth of White 
 river and two miles north of the mouth of Minkbrook in Hanover, N. H. 
 The corporators were Ebenezer Brewster and Rufus Graves, of Hanover, 
 and Aaron Hutchinson, of Lebanon, N. H., under the title of "The 
 Proprietors of White River Falls Bridge." The Act fixed the rate of 
 tolls for passing bridges and locks. That for boats was as follows : " for 
 each boat and loading, not exceeding two tons weight, one dollar ; if 
 more than two tons, fifty cents for each additional ton, including the 
 toll for the boat ; for each thousand of boards, twenty-five cents, and 
 other lumber in proportion, — the rates of toll to continue thirty years 
 from the passing of this Act — after which the net proceeds of the toll 
 should not be less than twelve per cent per annum of the first cost, after 
 deducting the annual expenditures for repairs. The above named cor- 
 porators sold their franchise to Elias Lyman, 3rd, for the sum of 
 in 1801-2. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 145 
 
 About the year 1800, Elias Lyman, 3d, built an open, or King-post 
 bridge, across Connecticut river, just above the embouchure of White 
 river. This bridge was taken down in 1835, and in 1836 the Lyman 
 Bridge Co. erected the present covered bridge. The Lyman Bridge Co. 
 was incorporated in 1836 — the act being approved Dec. 8, 1836. The 
 charter was given to Francis Lyman, Thomas Belknap and Wm. J. 
 Hamersley, their associates, &c., with the right to build a bridge on, or 
 across the Connecticut river, between the towns of Lebanon and Hart- 
 ford, at any place between the lower bar of White river falls and the 
 south line of Lebanon. Francis Lyman was empowered to call the first 
 meeting on or before the first Wednesday of June. The capital stock 
 was fixed at 200 shares, par value, $100 per share. It was enacted that 
 the toll should be fixed by the justices of the Superior Court of Judi- 
 cature, who should, every five years thereafer, add to or reduce the 
 toll as should appear equitable, provided, however, that the net proceeds 
 from said toll should not exceed ten per centum per annum on the cost 
 and expenditures incurred on account of said bridge. It was further 
 enacted, that said corporation, by their directors, should, at the' next 
 stated term oif said Superior Court, and once in every five years there- 
 after, cause an exhibit to be made under oath to the justices of said 
 court, showing a true account of the cost and expenditures incurred on 
 account of said bridge, together with an account of all the tolls received 
 therefrom, down to the time of making such exhibit, and, upon an 
 omission to cause suth an exhibit to be so made, all the rights, &c., of 
 said corporation should be subject to forfeiture. 
 
 This act was signed by C. G. Atherton, speaker of the house, and 
 James Clark, president of the senate, and approved by Isaac Hill, gov- 
 ernor, Dec. 8, 1836. 
 
 The above named conditions were never complied with, but instead, 
 the incorporators watered the stocks, from time to time, to make it 
 appear that the large amount of toll taken did not exceed ten per cent, 
 on its value and expenditures, and thus continued to bleed the public. 
 Later, this bridge fell into the hands of a citizen of Hartford, who paid 
 about $2500 for the bridge, land, toll-house, etc., but the rates of toll 
 established at first were never reduced. Subsequently, the citizens of 
 Lebanon made an effort to have the charter forfeited by the court, on 
 the ground that the tolls were not proportionate to the cost and expen- 
 ditures, and that neither the corporators nor their assigns had ever 
 made to the court the required exhibit upon which said court was to fix 
 the rate of toll. The assign, then in possession, made oath that the 
 
 10 
 
146 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 tolls yearly collected by him amounted to less than one-half of ten per 
 cent, on the cost, to him, of said bridge, and expenditures ; and upon 
 this, and other pleas, he gained a longer tenure of possession. StUl 
 later, the citizens of Lebanon petitioned the court to appoint a commit- 
 tee to appraise the value of said bridge property, whereupon, the said 
 assign, true to his instincts, made oath that the said property was pay- 
 ing him about $1800 per year, or more than seventy per cent, on his in- 
 vestment ; in other words, to prevent a forfeiture of the charter, he 
 made oath that he was receiving less than five per cent, on his iavest- 
 ment ; but, when it became apparent that Lebanon was determined to 
 buy the property, he changed his tactics, and made oath — simply, that 
 he committed perjury in the first instance ! Finally, the bridge was 
 made free to the public, and Hartford paid for her proportion the sum 
 of $1000, or about one-fifth of the amount jointly paid by Lebanon and 
 Hartford for the said bridge property. 
 
 In early times, the practice of raising money by lotteries for various 
 purposes, was sanctioned by the Legislature of Vermont. In an abstract 
 of all the acts granting lotteries, which were passed by the Legislature 
 of this State I find the following : — ■ " To raise £500 for building a 
 bridge over White river at Hartford, passed Nov. 8, 1792." This scheme 
 was probably gotten up by the " Connecticut river turnpike company,'' 
 to provide means for building a bridge at White River vUlage, but for 
 some reason the project failed, and was not revived in this form ; but, 
 later, efforts to obtain an act of incorporation were' successful. On the 
 27th of October, 1795, the General Assembly of Vermont passed an act 
 granting to Stephen Jacob, Amasa Paine and Oliver Gallup, et als., the 
 exclusive privilege of building a toll-bridge over White>iver, " within 
 two miles of the place where this stream unites with Connecticut 
 river." I think the bridge was built not later than 1796. In 1814, it 
 was carried away by a flood. Many of the citizens of the town were 
 very much opposed to paying toll, and considerable trouble ensued in 
 consequence. Charles Pinneo cut the toll gate down, in the winter of 
 1811. At the town meeting in March following, the claim for damages 
 demanded by the bridge company was considered, when it was voted 
 " that the town would do nothing in restitution, and that ' no one 
 should be holden excepting those who held up their hands.'' " No one 
 voted. 
 
 In 1815, an effort was made to obtain the aid of the town to re-build 
 the bridge, but without success. This action was taken in behalf of 
 the Connecticut River Turnpike Co. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 147 
 
 THE WHITE RIVEK BRIDGE 00. 
 
 This company was incorporated Nov. 10, 1815, and was organized in 
 1818. Prior to its organization, the company delegated Joseph Dorr, 
 Nathan Gere and Levi Bellows, a committee to confer with the Connec- 
 ticut River Bridge Company to obtain the right to erect a bridge where 
 the former bridge stood. At a town meeting held March 12, 1816, the 
 the town, having under consideration the subject of assisting the White 
 River. Bridge Company, voted, that as soon as said company should 
 erect a good bridge, to the acceptance of the justices of the county 
 court, near the lower mill dam, then the twro highways (fordways) lead- 
 ing across said fiver — the one across the mill dam, and the other below 
 said dam — should be discontinued ; and that, so long as a good bridge 
 should be maintained by said company, the town would not open the 
 said highways, nor any others across said river within one mile above 
 or below said dam ; on the penalty of paying to said company all the 
 damage sustained by it in consequence of opening said highways. It 
 was stipulated that '' said contract should not extend beyond fifty 
 years." 
 
 The " "White River Bridge Company " was organized in 1818, with 
 twenty-seven enrolled members, and Geo. E. Wales, clerk and treasurer. 
 In the autumn of that year the second bridge was opened for public 
 use. Dec. 17, 1832, the company discussed the subject of taking down 
 their bridge, or repairing it, but nature decided that point. In the 
 spring freshet of 1833, the bridge was carried away by the ice. Aug. 
 1, 1833, the company decided to build another bridge, to be completed 
 by September, 1834. The bridge was not completed until 1836. The 
 records of the company between August, 1833, and November, 1848, 
 are missing. Nov. 1, 1848, the third book of the company's records 
 was opened. At a meeting held that day, Justin C. Brooks was chosen 
 clerk and treasurer, which offices he continued to hold until 1858. The 
 number of shareholders in the meantime was 118, and the stock paid a 
 quarterly dividend of $1.50 to each share. In 1854, the town bought 
 the bridge for $2265, paying out the surplus money borrowed for that 
 purpose. About as large a sum was subsequently expended in repairing 
 the bridge, and it still remained a weak, unsightly structure. April 14 
 1858, the White River Bridge Company was dissolved by mutual con- 
 sent, when a final dividend of $1.60 was paid on each share. 
 
 THE PIEST BRIDGE BUILT AT WEST HARTFORD. 
 
 The first bridge built over White river at West Hartford was built in 
 1820. It was an open or " King-post " bridge, and, principally, built 
 
148 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 of timber floated down said river from the vicinity of Rochester. It 
 was an ungainly structure, and was necessarily taken down in 1827. A 
 covered bridge was then built by Daniel Baldwin of Montpelier. The 
 town voted March 3d, 1828, that the selectmen should draw money 
 from the treas iry to make the first payment on this bridge, the cost of 
 which was about $4000. This bridge stood until Feb. 10, 1867, when 
 it was carried away by the ever-to-be-remembered flood of that date. 
 The present lattice bridge was bult in 1867, by a Mr. Tasker, at a cost 
 of $6,110.79. Messrs. Bement aad Adams built the first bridge at West 
 Hartford. The bridge was built by subscription. When it was taken 
 down in 1827, Nathaniel Dustin took a portion of the timber and put it 
 into the frame of the house now standing on the river bank, in front of 
 the meeting house at West Hartford. The river at the bridge crossing 
 was then but eighty feet wide. 
 
 Iq 1827, while Mr. Baldwin was at work on the second bridge, a great 
 flood came and washed away his trestle work, and considerable of his 
 frame timber. At the same time, about forty feet in width of the east 
 bank was washed away, and with it John Tenney's store, a potash and 
 other buildings. Stephen Downer and another man, while endeavoring 
 to save the trestle timber were surrounded by the rising water, and 
 escaped by being hauled ashore at a rope's end. In 1833, a Mr. Bullaid 
 and his daughter of Pomfret were one night crossing the West Hartford 
 bridge, when the horse became frightened, and all were precipitated 
 into the river thirty feet below. Miss BuUard was killed outright. Mr. 
 BuUard and his horse were but a trifle injured. The old man had been 
 drinking New England rum, the last glass of which he took at the store 
 of Baxter B. Newton,' but a few minutes preceding the accident. In 
 the autumn of 1848, John Steele, then a merchant at West Hartford, 
 went out with some of the village boys to inspect some melon patches. 
 While returning to Steele's store the party hearing a team approach- 
 ing them ran into the north side of the river bridge to escape discovery. 
 During the day before the flooring had been removed from the south 
 side of the bridge. Forgetful of this fact; young Steele got over the 
 dividing partition between the two sides, and over the obstruction 
 put up to prevent teams passing, and missing his foothold, feU to 
 the solid rock about fifteen feet below, and was nearly killed. He 
 lived but a few years thereafter, and never fully recovered from the 
 injuries received by that accident. He, however, recovered in a suit 
 for damages against the town about $1500 — an unjust decision against 
 the town ! 
 
 ' Since converted into the dwelling house now occupied by Mr. Hoyt Hazen, the 
 present postmaster and railroad agent in that village. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 149 
 
 June 29th, 1831, a board of commissioners laid out a bridge at Tafts- 
 ville over the Otta Queohee river. Hartford, Hartland, Pomfret and 
 Woodstock were each required to pay one-fourth of the cost of its con- 
 struction, and maintainance. In 1868 the tovra built a lattice bridge 
 over White river at White River Junction. The contract was let to a 
 Mr. Tasker. The cost of this bridge including litigation was $13,- 
 426.62. In the fall of 1885 the bridge at Quechee village, built in 1803, 
 was taken down, and a new covered bridge was erected at a cost of 
 about $1100. 
 
 LOOKING WHITE RIVER AND WATER QUEOHEE FALLS. 
 
 I have alluded to legislation concerning locks and canals on Connec- 
 ticut river. On the 2d of November, 1797, the General Assembly of 
 Vermont passed an act granting to Elkanah Stevens and others the 
 exclusive right of locking White river. The preamble and first section 
 of said act were as follows : — 
 
 " Whereas Elkanah Stevens, Daniel Gilbert and Jacob Smith, all of Royalton, 
 ia the_ County of Windsor, and State of Vermont, have petitioned, that the 
 exclusive privilege of locking and continuing locks on White river,, from the 
 mouth of said river, up the same as far as Royalton meeting house may be granted 
 to them their assigns and heirs forever. 
 
 Therefore, 1. ' It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
 Vermont. That Elkanah Stevens, Daniel Gilbert, Jacob Smith and their asso- 
 ciates, be and they hereby are formed into, constituted and made a body politic 
 and corporate, by the name of ' ' The Company for Looking White River," and they 
 and their successors, and such other persons as shall be hereafter admitted mem- 
 bers of said company, shall be, and continue a body poUtic and corporate, by 
 the same name forever. And the said company shall have the exclusive privilege 
 of erecting and continuing locks on White river, in the State of Vermont, m 
 such places as they think necessary, from the mouth of White river up said 
 stream, as far as Royalton meeting house, under the following limitations and 
 restrictions, to wit, etc." 
 
 This company was made liable to forfeit all right of locking said river 
 if they failed, to complete the work within the ensuing ten years. Toll for 
 conveying loaded boats through each lock was fixed at twenty cents per 
 ton, and the same for every thousand feet of boards and timber, etc. 
 The general stage of water in those days was favorable for looking. 
 Now it is impossible to row a skiff on White river excepting on stretches 
 of water above dams. In other words, the stream is now so affected by 
 droughts that are the result of denuding the hills and valleys of timber, 
 that were the dams .removed, the usual depth of water would not per- 
 mit the passage of a loaded skiff from the mouth of the stream north- 
 ward but a small portion of the distance to Royalton. The same is true 
 of Water Quecheg river, and the Connecticut to some extent. 
 
 LOCKS ON WATBB QTTBCHBB I'ALLS. 
 
 On the 22d of October, 1794, an act was passed by the General As- 
 sembly granting to Perez Gallup and his associates the exclusive priv- 
 
150 HISTOEY OF Hj4.RTF0RD. 
 
 ilege of locking, and continuing locks on Water Quechee falls on Con- 
 necticut river (falls at North Hartland) through, his own land in Hart- 
 land, under limitations and restrictions similar to those provided for 
 the locking of White river. The toll for conveying loaded- boats 
 througli said locks was fixed at eighteen pence per ton, and nine pence 
 per ton on empty boats, eighteen pence for every thousand feet of 
 boards and timber, and for every 6000 of shingles, etc., the same rates 
 to continue forever excepting the same should be reduced by the 
 supreme court, which at the end of the term of twenty-one years should 
 examine into the state of the accounts of said company, ascertain the 
 cost of erecting, maintaining and attending to said locks, the net pro- 
 ceeds, etc., and if the net proceeds had averaged more than twelve per 
 cent, upon the actual expenditures, to said court to lessen the said toll 
 to such sum as to them appeared reasonable. The name of the com- 
 pany was " The company for rendering Connecticut river navigable by 
 Water Quechee Falls." (See History of Olcott Falls relating to Look 
 and Canal.) 
 
 STEAMBOATS ON CONNECTICUT EIVEE. 
 
 On the 29th of October, 1829, the Legislatures of Vermont and New 
 Hampshire passed acts incorporating the "Connecticut River Steam- 
 boat Company." Nov. 5, 1830, the charter was altered to the "Con- 
 necticut River Valley Steamboat Company," allowing the corporation 
 to purchase, hold and convey real estate to the value of $20,000. Canals 
 and locks were built at rapids and falls of the river from Hartford, 
 Ct., to Dalton, N. H. There were three in Vermont, one at Bellows 
 Falls, one at Sumner's Falls in Hartland, and one at Olcott Falls on the 
 Lebanon side of the river. Below Sumner's Falls steamboats were 
 regularly plied. Col. Samuel Nutt in 1830, built a boat for the pur- 
 pose of locking it through the entire length of the canals to avoid 
 taking passengers and freight around said rapids and locks. ' The first 
 attempt to navigate the river was in 1827 when the "Barnet " was run 
 to Bellows Falls. She made but this one trip. In 1829 the "Blanch- 
 ard " and the " Vermont " were put on the river and run a few trips 
 between Bellows Falls and Barnet, but the enterprise was not success- 
 ful, and the method of plying boats between the locks only was con- 
 tinued. (See Biographical Sketch of Col. Samuel Nutt.) 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 EAILEOADS. 
 
 "Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain shall be laid low ; and 
 the crooked shall be made straight and the rough places plain." So spake the 
 prophet Isaiah, with clear vision looking down through the vista of coming 
 ages. — Isaiah 40^. 
 
 The first railway act in the United States was passed by the Legisla- 
 ture of Pennsylvania, March 31, 1823, authorized the construction of a 
 road from Philadelphia to Columbia, but the grantees failed to meet 
 the terms of the charter, and the act was repealed. The next act was 
 passed in the same State in 1826, incorporating the Columbia, Lancas- 
 ter and Philadelphia Railroad, which road was completed in 1834, being 
 eighty-one and a half miles in length, and, at that time, the work was 
 considered as a remarkable achievement. But the first railroad actually 
 built and operated in the United States, was in 1826, in Quincy, Mass. 
 It was but three miles long and was built to carry granite from the 
 quarry to the tide-waters of the Neponset river. The most important 
 railroad enterprise commenced in the United States, prior to 1840, was 
 that of building the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, the corner-stone of 
 which was laid July 4th, 1828, by Charles Carroll of Carrolton, then a 
 nonagenarian and the last of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. On that occasion Mr. Carroll said : " I consider this among 
 the most important acts of my life, second only to my signing the 
 Declaration of Independence, even if second to that." 
 
 The first locomotive engine imported into the United States was the 
 " Robert Fulton " built by George Stevenson in England and sent here 
 in 1831. The first locomotive constructed in the United States was 
 built at the West Point foundry in 1830, for the Charleston and Ham- 
 burg railroad in South Carolina, which history informs us was the first 
 road in the world built expressly for locomotive power for general 
 freight and passenger business. Since then there has been a remarkable 
 increase of railroad mileage in the United States, of which Vermont 
 has had a continuous proportion since 1848. She has now within her 
 borders nearly 950 miles of railroad track, exclusive of sidings, giving 
 facilities of trade and travel to nearly 200 cities, villages and hamlets 
 situated directly on the various railroad lines, and to every farm, mill- 
 
152 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 privilege and quany in .tlie State an enhanced value.' Population and 
 business gravitate toward cities and villages situated along lines of rail- 
 ways and this changes centres of population ; hamlets are transformed 
 to thriving villages, and villages are bereft of their importance as 
 centres of trade. 
 
 Sixteen different roads, comprising nearly 1000 miles, have been con- 
 structed and equipped in Vermont at a cost of nearly $38,000,000, and 
 this has been accomplished within the last forty years.'' Some of the 
 original stockholders of these roads have incurred the direct loss of 
 their subscriptions, and in some instances these are still brooding over 
 the loss of their investments, forgetting that the seed they sowed is 
 being returned to them an hundred fold by the enhanced value of their 
 real estate, the facilities of marketing the products of their farms, etc. 
 Consider the advantages the people of Hartford have gained by the 
 construction of the four lines of railroad that centre at Wbite River 
 Junction. Let those who cavilled against what they termed " infringe- 
 ments upon private and public rights," and resisted, with every means 
 at their command, the progress of this step in the march of civiliza- 
 tion, compare the general-list of Hartford for 1840 with that of 1888, 
 and see, not " as in a glass darkly," the influence of railroads, in the 
 wonderful increase in the value of real estate during the last forty- 
 eight years ! 
 
 In 1840, before the construction of the Vt. Central Eailroad, the 
 total value of all the real estate in the town was $216,781.40. In 1888, 
 the total value of the same was $1,103,320,00, an increase of $886,538.60. 
 The number of miles of main line of railway built in the town since 
 1840 is about twenty-three. Estimating the cost of construction and 
 equipment at $36,000 per mile, the total cost for 23 miles amount to 
 $828,000, or less by $58,538.60 than the increased value of real estate. 
 The total value of all taxable personal property in the town in 1840, less 
 exemptions, was $87,863.65. In 1888, the total value of this class of 
 property, less exemptions, was $902,985.36 ; an increase of $815,121.71, 
 which, added to the increase of value in real estate, gives a grand total 
 of $1,643,121.71. This is not to be attributed to accessions to the 
 
 ' It is assumed that a line of railway gives access to fifteen miles square of coun- 
 try on each side of it, or thirty square miles altogether. The influence of this 
 method of transit upon every branch of industry is therefore not easily estimated. 
 No vocation is so inconspicuous, no hamlet so secluded, no farm-house so isolated 
 as to be exempt from its power. No person is so high as to be independent of it, 
 no one so low as not to be affected by it. — Hon. j. N. Patterson. 
 
 ' In i886, the capital stock of railroads in Vermont was $24,548,300. Funded 
 debt, $14, 113,000. Total investment 140,832,767. Cost of roads and equipment 
 fo7i932,276. Gross earnings 13,940,064. Net earnings 11,143,590. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 158 
 
 population by immigration, and the incoming of wealth thereby, but to 
 a rise in values. The annual per centage of increase ia the population 
 between 1848 and 1888, was probably about 1.14, while the increase 
 in the total valuation exceeded 11 per cent. The increase represents 
 simply that which was added to the general comfort and welfare of the 
 people of the town. 
 
 Time is money. In 1840, a journey from Hartford to Boston and 
 return, consumed not Ifess than six days. Now the same journey can 
 be made in fifteen hours ; or, by takirg the present 3.15 A. M. train at 
 W. R. Junction, one may reach Boston at 9.35 A. M., remain in that 
 city nearly ten hoars, and return to White River Junction at 12.40 
 A. M., or have three hours in Boston and return to White River Junction 
 at 5.25 P. M., same day. In other words, one can go from White River 
 Junction to Boston, spend three hours there on business, and, return- 
 ing, reach home all within the space of fourteen hours ; the distance 
 traveled being 290 miles ; a saving in time of four days between the old 
 and the new methods of travel, or sufficient time to perform a journey 
 to Chicago and return. Who can compute the annual saving to the 
 public, in time and money, secured by the adoption of this new mode of 
 transit ? 
 
 But the advantages are not limited to an increase of material pros- 
 perity. 
 
 " New methods of transit exert an intellectual and moral influence 
 upon the minds and hearts of men, and modify social Ufe. They mul- 
 tiply public meetings and conventions, and facilitate and extend the 
 intercourse of society. Thought travels upon the raU, and art, science, 
 and literature are diffused. The products of the teeming brain are car- 
 ried to the remotest hamlet. The best thinkers and orators speak to 
 the country as often as to the city. Information is disseminated and 
 mental activity stimulated. This diffusion of intelligence tends to level 
 society and destroy individual prominence, and intellectual dictatorship. 
 * * * This new method determines largely the material prosperity and 
 civil power of nations, and affects, directly or indirectly, their relations 
 and character. * * * Railroads have not simply added to the articles 
 of commerce and consumption, by opening new fields to enterprise, but 
 also by bringing about a universal division of labor, and so increasing 
 the rapidity and perfection of productive work. They stimulate pro- 
 duction by removing limitations upon its markets. No man now works 
 for his neighborhood, but for aU mankind. Steamships and steam cars 
 take the grains of our fields and the fabrics of our factories to the most 
 distant nations and bring back for our consumption the fruits of every 
 clime and handicraft of the world." — Hon. J. W. ^Patterson. 
 
 What person, among those. who subscribe for and take daily news- 
 papers, would forego the pleasure and profit derived from the perusal 
 of his daUy, morning or evening paper — the vade mecum of the whole 
 
154 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 world's daily life and history 1 No improved methods of transit are 
 probable, none are likely to supercede those of to-day. No agent of 
 locomotion will ever be so generally utilized as is steam at the present 
 time, though electricity will become a formidable rival to it. 
 
 The honor of first suggesting a connection of Boston with Lake 
 Ontario is due to John L. Sullivan, a prominent civil engineer of Mas- 
 sachusetts ; the credit of indicating the line on which the work was 
 constructed, and of instituting the measures whi'ch led to the inaugura- 
 tion of the work belongs to Montpelier, whUe the honor of securing tlie 
 completion of the enterprise is chiefly due to the late Gov. Charles 
 Paine, of Northfield. The discussion of the enterprise was commenced 
 by Montpelier newspapers, notably by the Watchman, some years be- 
 fore the first New England railroad had been completed. The first 
 charter for the Vermont section of this great line of road, was passed 
 Nov. 15, 1835, imder which nothing highly important was accomplished. 
 The second charter of the Vermont Central Eailroad Company passed 
 Oct. 31, 1843, and the work of securing subscriptions was at once com- 
 menced. Jan. 8, 1844, a Eailroad Convention was held at Montpelier, 
 Hon. Charles Paine, of Northfield, was president ; Hon. Elijah Blaisdell, 
 of Lebanon, N. H., Gen. Joel Bass, of WUliamstown, Simeon Lyman, of 
 Hartford, and Hon. Joseph Howes, of Montpelier, vice presidents ; and 
 Hon. Oramel H. Smith, of Montpelier, and Halsey E. Stevens, of Leb- 
 anon, N. H., secretaries. At that convention James E. Langdon, Esq., 
 of Montpelier, advanced ten thousand dollars for making surveys from 
 Connecticut river to Lake Champlain. The surveys were completed 
 that season, and a favorable report was made Nov. 20, 1844. 
 
 The books were opened in Boston June 10, 1845 ; July 23d the first 
 meeting of stockholders was held at Montpelier at which time the com- 
 pany was formally organized with a subscribed capital of $2,000,000. 
 The amount obtained in Vermont was $500,000, of which $200,000 was 
 subscribed in Montpelier. Hon. E. P. Walton of Montpelier is entitled 
 to great credit for the aid rendered by him in the projection of the 
 great enterprise which gave to Vermont her first railroad, and Hnked 
 Boston with Ogdensburg, in a chain 400 miles in length ; and has fur- 
 ther resulted in giving to Vermont other important lines of railroad, 
 the combiaed length of which is not less than 950 miles, including 
 sidings. 
 
 The Vermont Central railroad was incorporated, as expressed in the 
 charter, " for the purpose of building a railroad from some point on the 
 eastern shore of Lake Champlain, up the valley of the Onion river and 
 e xtending to a point on Connecticut river most convenient to meet a 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 155 
 
 railroad either from Concord, N. H., or Pitchburg, Mass. The route 
 chosen was from Windsor up the Connecticut river, to the mouth of 
 White river, thence up said river to the source of its third branch, thence 
 via. Roxbury and down the Dog river to the Wiaooski valley about one 
 mile west of Montpelier, thence up said valley to Burlington, a distance 
 of 114 miles. Ground was first broken at Windsor, Dec. 15th, 1845, on 
 the farm formerly owned by Judge Elijah Paine, father of Charles 
 Paine, where the latter was born. This was the first ground broken in 
 Vermont for a railroad. The contract to build the entire road was let 
 to Sewal P. Belknap. The first rail was laid at White River Junction 
 on the farm of Col. Samuel Nutt, early in 1847. There were present Col- 
 James Moore, chief engineer of the road, R. W. Baker, division engineer, 
 and Jacob M. Clark, Samuel B. Tucker and Isaac B. Culver, assistant 
 engineers, together with many of the workmen on the road and a large 
 number of citizens. As assistant engineer of the division on which the 
 first rail was laid, Isaac B. Culver was accorded the honor of driving 
 the first spike in the track of this road. 
 
 Regular passenger trains first passed over the road from White River 
 Junction to Bethel, June 26, 1848 — this was the first railroad train and 
 first passenger train run in Vermont. About one years later, June 20, 
 1849, the road was opened through for bueim ss to Burlington. The 
 Central railroad enters the town of Hartford at the Sharon line, one 
 mile above the village of West Harford, and follows White river to 
 White River Junction, thence down the Connecticut river valley to the 
 Hartland line, a distance of about twelve miles. At White River Junc- 
 tion, it connects with the Northern New Hampshire to Concord and 
 Boston ; with the C. and P. R. R. R. to Wells River, Newport and 
 Sherbrooke ; and with the Woodstock R. R. for Woodstock. Henry E. 
 Tinker is the efficient and popular local agent of this road at White 
 River Junction. The general offices are at St. Albans. 
 
 Since the opening of this road several shocking accidents have occurred 
 on that portion of the line within the town of Hartford, each involving 
 loss of hfe. One of the most appalling accidents, that ever occurred in 
 this country was that which took place on this road Feb. 5, 1887. 
 
 THE HAKTrOBD DISASTER, FEB. 5, 1887. 
 
 The writer was personally cognizant of the history of this horrible 
 railway disaster. He visited the scene of the wreck about day hght 
 on the morning of the accident ; visited and conversed with the survi- 
 vors from the ill-fated train, from time to time, during their convales- 
 cence ; observed the reprehensible conduct of the officials of the Cen- 
 
156 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 tral railroad, in their premature attempts to effect settlements with the 
 mangled, tortured survivors of that holocaust. Justice, humanity and 
 decency were set at defiance by the attorneys and the Vial-lainous ame 
 damnee representing said corporation, who did not hesitate to villify 
 and traduce those who were not obsequious to their will, or ready to 
 be their time servers at the price of an annual pass. 
 
 The following report of the railroad commissioners concerning the 
 disaster of Feb. 5, 1887, is an acceptable showing of facts, but the 
 number of passengers aboard the train is, and ever will be, a matter of 
 mere guess-work. As to the speed of the train on approaching the 
 bridge and crossing it, it is sufficient to say that the Leightons, who 
 live near the bridge, concur in saying that the speed of trains was rarely 
 ever perceptibly diminished while crossing it. It is too much to believe 
 that the ill-fated train, which was nearly two hours late, was slowed up 
 to one-half of the schedule rate before reaching the bridge. Under 
 positive proof that he was running in excess of schedule time. Engineer 
 Pierce could not escape the penalty of manslaughter. As to the responsibil- 
 ity of the corporation, testimony recently given conclusively shows' that 
 the track from the end of the said bridge, for several hundred feet had 
 been not long before the accident, relaid with much worn iron — some of it 
 re-curved in a cold state, and that it was unfit to use for mogul, engines, 
 and the very heavily loaded trains constantly passing over it. The 
 sum and substance of the commissioners' report is as follows : 
 
 The facts and circumstances attending the above named disaster, as developed 
 by the testimony taken by the board, and an inspection of the premises shortly 
 after the accident occurred, are as follows: 
 
 Train No. 50, known as the " night express," left White River Junction for 
 Montreal at 2.10 o'clock, on the morning of the 5th instant. 
 
 The train was one hour and thirty minutes late. The schedule place of meet- 
 ing the night express bound south from Montreal to Boston, is Randolph. That 
 train was correspondingly late, and train No. 50 was under orders to meet it at 
 Randolph as usual, and started out accordingly at the hour above indicated. 
 
 The number of passengers aboard the train was seventy-nine. The trainmen 
 were the conductor, engineer, fireman, two braiemen, baggage man, express 
 messenger, two postal clerks, a Pullman conductor, and two ftiflman porters. 
 
 The distance from White River Junction to' Hartford (formerly known as the 
 Woodstock) bridge, is about four miles. South of the bridge is a ctnve of three 
 degrees and forty-five minutes in the track, which becomes straight again about 
 142 feet from the bridge, and so continues for some rods beyond the bridge. 
 From a point some fifty rods south of the bridge to a point about 142 feet there- 
 from the gi-ade is slightly downward, when it becomes level and so continues to 
 a point just beyond the bridge. 
 
 At a point 510 feet from the abutment at the south end of the bridge, while the 
 train was moving at a speed of less than twelve miles an hour, the rear sleeper 
 " Pilgrim " was throvioi from the rails, but kept the roadbed until it came upon 
 the bridge, when the rear end swung to the right side of the track to the deck of 
 the bridge, and thence to the frozen river below, a distance of forty-three feet, 
 drawing with it the sleeper and the two coaches in front, all of which were 
 crushed in the wreck upon the ice. The coupling between the Boston coach and 
 the combination mail and smoking car broke or tmclasped, so that the rest of the 
 train was saved. 
 
HISTORY OB' HARTFORD. 157 
 
 Fire soon broke out from the wreck in several places, and it is clearly in proof 
 before the board that some of the cars immediately took fire and within fifteen 
 minutes of the time they fell to the ice they were all enveloped in flames, which 
 reached and set fire to the bridge, which soon fell alongside the burning cars, the 
 wind blowing the flames of the burning timbers directly upon them. The in- 
 tensely cold weather— eighteen degrees below zero— added to the peril of those 
 who survived. 
 
 THE DEAD. 
 
 The list of passengers who lost their lives in the disaster is as follows: Edward 
 F. Dillon, Springfield; James A. Stone, Burlington; Edgar Wilder, St. Albans; 
 D. D. Woodwai-d, Waterbury; Sam'l S. Westcott, Bmiington; George J. Bell, 
 Bellows Falls; Mrs. William Devino, Winooski; Frank L. Wesson, Springfield, 
 Mass. ; Harry Brooks, Boston, Mass. ; P>ancis Flynn, Worcester, Mass. ; Peter 
 Blais, Warren, Mass. ; Fred Blais, Warren Mass. ; Francis Boulanger, Holyoke, 
 Mass. ; Miss Anastisa Boulanger, Holyoke, Mass. ; Miss Nancy Dunbai-, Somer- 
 ville, Mass. ; Miss Delima Brodeur, Nashua, N. H. ; Louis B. James, New Haven, 
 Conn. ; Charles Cadieux, RockviUe, Conn. ; Herbert A. Thayer, Chateaugay, N. 
 Y. ; Cephas Mills, Iroquois, Ont. ; Peter McLain, Acton ville, P. Q. ; Dieudonne 
 Maigret, Shawinigan, P. Q. ; Miss Arminie Guu-ard, Upton, P. Q. ; Miss Agnes 
 Rogers, Lakefleld, P. Q. 
 
 And that of the trainmen is as follows: Smith C. Sturtevant, St. Albans, Vt., 
 conductor; Edward Brocklebanks, Lebanon, N. H., brakeman; M. R. Burgess, 
 Boston, Mass., Pullman conductor; A. J. Hammer, Maiden, Mass., colored por- 
 ter " Pilgrim "; J. H. Jones, Boston, Mass., colored porter " St. Albans." 
 
 THE mJXTRBD. 
 
 The list of passengers known to be injui-ed is as follows: Hon. Henry Mott, 
 Alburgh; Hemry W. Tewksbury, West Randolph; Julius C. Hutchins, Montgom- 
 ery; F. W. Tuttle, Tunbridge; William Devino, Jr., Winooski; Miss Persis H. 
 FoUet, Staron; Miss Katie CahiU, Boston, Mass.; Frank M. Pratt, Springfield, 
 Mass. ; J. Herbert Cushing, Middleboro, Mass. ; Joseph E. Jacques, Fitohburg, 
 Mass. ; Andrew A. WTieeler, Fitchbm-g, Mass. ; Howard A. Smith, Gloucester, 
 Mass. ; Fred A. Fisher, Gloucester, Mass. ; Bennie Boulanger, Holyoke, Mass. ; 
 Mitchell LacaiUade, Lawrence, Mass. ; August LeBoeuf , Lynn, Mass. ; Alex. La- 
 vaUe, Greenfield, Mass.; Mrs. Mary J. Graham, Bedford, Mass.; Mrs. Charles 
 Kastner, Boston, Mass. ; Miss Annie Murphy, Boston, Mass. ; Miss Polly Arel, 
 Chicopee Falls, Mass. ; Miss Margaret Walsh, Greenfield, Mass. ; Horace Juneau, 
 East PeppereU, Mass. ; J. S. Suit, New Haven, Conn. ; H. G. Wflcox, Malone, N. 
 Y. ; Louis Combremont, New York City, N. Y. ; James Kjley, Burke, N. Y. ; Jo- 
 seph Jeannette, Sciota, N. Y. ; O. S. Boisvert, St. Angebne, P. Q. ; Moses Pouliot, 
 Quebec, P. Q. ; George Lowe, Montreal, P. Q. ; Joseph Libby, St. "Valere, P. Q. ; 
 Mrs. W. S. Bryden, Montreal, P. Q. ; Mrs. O. Boisvert, St. AngeUne, P. Q. ; Miss 
 Emma. Lovell, Montreal, P. Q. ; Miss Maria E. Sadler, Ormstown, P. Q. One 
 trainman, George H. Parker, brakeman, was injured. 
 
 There was but one house within, a long distance of the scene of the wreck, and 
 the only help at hand were the few who were left on the engine and the mail 
 and baggage car, and such of the passengers as were not wholly disabled. This 
 corps did all that men could do to save lives in the few minutes they could work 
 upon the vpreck. . 
 
 The cars struck the ice upon the right side or the right top corner as the tram 
 ran, and they were crushed diagonally toward the surface. The management of 
 the train appears to have been as follows: 
 
 Conductor Sturtevant was in the forward passenger coach collectmg tares and 
 examining tickets when the first trouble in that car was noticed. He immedi- 
 ately puUed the bell and Engineer Pierce took the alarm thus given from the bell 
 and instantly let on full brakes. Then lookiag back he saw the rear sleeper 
 swing off the bridge. He thereupon let off brakes, opened the throttle of his 
 engine, and pulled away from the rest of the train, stopping his engine and the 
 two cars saved as the rear car, combination mail and smoker were partly ott the 
 
 "^aFsoou as the engine was stopped on the dump, beyond the bridge, Engineer 
 Pierce ran back over it, met Brakeman Parker, who had jumped from the rear 
 of the forward coach before it went upon the bridge and was following up the 
 train, and sent him to the Junction to give the alarm and get help there as 
 
158 HISTOEY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 quickly as possible, which he did, getting a team at Centerville, a half nule 
 below. 
 
 Thien Engineer Pierce, Fireman Thresher, Baggage Master Cole, Express Mes- 
 senger Eobbins, and Postal Clerk Perkins took axes, shovels and bars, hurried to 
 the rescue of the sufferers, and worked manfully until driven from, the wreck by 
 the flames. The rescued hurried, or were helped, to the house of one Oscar 
 Paine, about twenty-five rods away. 
 
 The attempts to stop the fires within the cars availed nothing, as the same 
 could not be gotten at in season, and accordingly aU the efforts of these men and 
 the passengers who were not disabled were directed to the releasing of those con- 
 fined. The cars were all heated by coal stoves, and lighted by lamps with min- 
 eral sperm oil which was 300 degrees fire test. The brakes were the Westing- 
 house automatic an- brakes. 
 
 There were flange marks on the ties and frozen earth, and also indications of 
 heavy blows upon some of the ties and earth for several rods before the bridge 
 was reached, continuing to the abutment; also abrasions as scrapings of the inner 
 side of the left hand rail at different points, so as to leave impressions and in- 
 dentations as if made by some substance as hard as itself, trying to climb those 
 rails. 
 
 The new iron bridge on the Central Vermont railroad to replace the 
 one destroyed, as related in the foregoing account, was completed 
 November 6th, ISSY. 
 
 " The bridge which has replaced the ill-fated one is of more than 
 ordinary interest on account of the accident, and the travelling public 
 will be glad to know something of the success which attended its 
 rebuilding. 
 
 This is the longest railroad bridge in Yermont, and the longest on the 
 line between the Victoria bridge at Montreal and Boston. It is of the 
 most approved pattern, and the strongest also. Its length is 650 feet, 
 and it is composed of four spans of 150 feet each and one of fifty feet. 
 The abutments rise twenty feet above the water and are built of granite 
 blocks with a filling of looser stone. Since the accident these piers have 
 been made solid with cement filling, hundreds of barrels of the material 
 having been used in the operation. The upper tiers of stone which 
 were damaged by the fire have been replaced by new courses of masonry, 
 rendering them more solid and substantial than at first. The bridge is 
 twenty-four feet high from the base to the top, making the distance 
 forty -four feet from the water. About 440 tons of iron have been used 
 in the construction, from which it will be seen that the weight of each 
 of the longer spans is over 100 tons. 
 
 The weight which the bridge is constructed to carry is 3000 pounds 
 per foot, or 225 tons to the span. But this weight mathematically is 
 known to be only one-sixth of the loading which would become neces- 
 sary to break the structure ; 1350 tons per span. The severest test that 
 can be applied, and one that cannot occur in actual business, is the 
 placing of three mogul engines on each span, all they will hold, at a 
 weight of 270 tons in the aggregate. So it will be seen that but a 
 small proportion of the real strength of the bridge can be ascertained 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 159 
 
 by actual test. The final test was made, consisting of twelve mogul 
 engines, all that could be placed upon the bridge from end to end. 
 
 What to the uninitiated would be considered as an exceedingly- 
 difficult task, the placing of the spans in position, is easily accomplished. 
 A temporary bridge is built upon postings set in the river alongside of 
 the position the bridge is to occupy, and here the parts as they have 
 left the shop are put together and riveted. Some idea of the extent of 
 this work may be gathered from the statement that over 30,000 of these 
 seven-eighth inch iron rivets were used in the last process, and this is 
 but a meagre portion of the number used from first to last. 
 
 When the span is finished the trestle work is removed except from 
 either end, where heavy track timbers remain at right angles with the 
 bridge. Four traverse jack screws are inserted under each end of the 
 weighty load and standing on these ways the bridge is lifted by these 
 jack screws so the weight of the bridge is borne by them altogether, 
 each screw being capable of sustaining a weight of thirty tons. The 
 jack screws are made to move on a sub-base of polished steel, well 
 lubricated all at right angels with the bridge, which is carried sideways 
 by means of other screws working from the sub-base against the base 
 of the jack screw, the bridge by this process being patiently slid into 
 position. When the screws have reached the limit of their own track 
 they are relieved of their weight and a new hold taken. The span is 
 moved at each operation about fourteen inches." — St. Albans Messenger. 
 
 THE CONNEOTIOUT AND PASSUMPBIC EIVEES RAILWAY. 
 
 The Connecticut and Passumpsic Eivers Eailroad was first chartered 
 Nov. 10, 1835, but some difficulty was experienced in securing subscrip- 
 tions to stock, and the charter became void. The second charter was 
 secured Oct. 31, 1843. The road was to run from some point near the 
 Connecticut river, on the Massachusetts line ; up said river and the Pas- 
 sumpsic river to some point in Newport or Derby ; but in 1845, the 
 right was secured to divide the route near the mouth of White river ; 
 the northern portion to be called the " Connecticut and Passumpsic 
 Rivers Eailroad, "and south of White river was given over to the Connec- 
 ticut Eiver Eailroad, on condition that the stock already subscribed 
 should be retained by the former. The road was organized Jan. 15, 
 1846, with Erastus Fairbanks, president. The survey was commenced 
 in April, 1846, ground was broken Sept. 7, 1846 ; the first rail was laid 
 July 15, 1847. Oct. 10, 1847, the road was opened, and the first pas- 
 senger train was run to Bradford, twenty-nine miles from White Eiver 
 Junction. Nov. 6, 1847, the road was opened to Wells Eiver, forty 
 
IBO HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 miles ; in 1852, to St. Johnsbury, sixty-one miles, which remained the 
 terminus of the road for several years thereafter. In the autumn of 
 1853, surveys for an extension of the road were made to Newport, with 
 trial lines from West Burke, via. Glover to Barton, and from Barton 
 via, Brownington to Derby. Owing to some cause, the surveys were 
 discontinued in the autumn of 1854, and work was not resumed until 
 the autumn of 1855, when grading was commenced. Barton, twenty- 
 nine miles from St. Johnsbury, was reached in 1859, and Newport in 
 1863, in which year the grading was completed to the Canada line, a 
 distance of about 110 miles from White River Junction. 
 
 Then occurred another suspension of work until the completion of 
 the Massawippi Valley Railway, July 1, 1870. This road is thirty-four 
 miles in length, and is operated by the C. & P. railroad, under a lease of 
 999 years. It forms the connecting link between the C. & P. raUroad 
 and the Grand Trunk Railway. The present terminus of the Connecti- 
 cut and Passumpsic Rivers Railroad is at Sherbrooke, P. Q., 145 miles 
 from White River Junction. 
 
 July 30, 1854, Henry Keyea of Newbury, was elected president of the 
 company. Owing to some difficulties between Mr. Keyes and the Tair- 
 banks's, the former used his influence to effect the removal of the prin- 
 cipal offices and workshops of the road to Lyndonville, which took 
 place in June, 1868. Mr. Keyes died in 1870. He was succeeded in 
 the presidency, Oct. 26, 1870, by Emmons Raymond, a well-known cap- 
 italist and prominent citizen of Boston, who held the position until Sep- 
 tember, 1886, when he was succeeded by A. B Harris, of Springfield, 
 Mass. In 1880 the Union passenger station at White River Junction 
 was taken down, and replaced by a costly structure. The work was 
 superintended by President Raymond, and it is due to him to say, was 
 accomplished with that promptness and perfection which characterizes 
 whatever work he essays to accomplish. 
 
 On the first day of January, 1887, the C. &. P. R. R. R. was leased to 
 the Boston and Lowell, possession being given on the first day of June 
 following. On the first day of April, 1887, the Boston and Lowell, 
 together with its leased roads, was leased to the Boston and Maine — 
 possession being given to the latter Oct. 17, 1887. The C. & P. R. R. 
 R. is, therefore, designated as the " Passumpsic Division — in the Lowell 
 system of the' Boston and Maine Railroad." This division enters Hart- 
 ford at Norwich line and runs to White River Junction, a distance of 
 about three and one-fourth miles, where it connects with the Northern 
 New Hampshire, the Central Vermont, and the Woodstock railroads. 
 The C. & P. railroad is taxed in Hartford on three acres of land and 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 161 
 
 one tenement. This corporation owns one-third of the Union passenger 
 station at White Kiver Junction, the one-third interest being valued at 
 $10,000. Its other buildings at that point comprise a new and com- 
 modious freight house, a repair shop, wood shed, etc. The tonnage over 
 this road via. White River Junction for the current year ending June 
 30, 1887, was 305,000 tons, while its passenger business was propor- 
 tionately large. This was but a portion of the business of the road ; 
 much of its freight and passenger traffic being sent to Boston over the 
 B. C. & M. railroad from Wells River. 
 
 The present officers of this corporation are as follows : President, A. 
 B. Harris ; vice do., W. K. Blodgett ; treasurer, J. H. Williams; super- 
 intendent, Col. H. E. Folsom ; roadmaster, Wm. G. Roberts ; local agent. 
 White River Junction, Wesley A. Davis. 
 
 Mr. Folsom is the youngest railway superintendent in New England, 
 and none excel him in administrative abUity and well deserved popular- 
 ity. The general management of this road is characterized by open, 
 honorable measures, and fair, generous dealing. 
 
 THE WOODSTOCK BAILEOAD. 
 
 The act to incorporate the Wookstock Railroad Company was 
 approved Oct. 30, 1863. This act conferred the right of building a 
 railroad, with a single or a double track, from some point in the village 
 of Woodstock to some point on or near White river or Connecticut river, 
 either in the town of Hartland or Hartford, as said company might elect, 
 and passing through either or any of the towns of Woodstock, Pomfret, 
 Hartford, as said company might elect, with the right of crossing the 
 railroad of any other railroad company, for the transportation of persons 
 and property by team or horse power. 
 
 Section two of said act made it obligatory upon said company to com- 
 mence the construction of said road within eght years, and expend 
 thereon at least five thousand dollars, and complete said road and put 
 it in operation within fifteen years. By section three, the capital stock 
 of said company was fixed at one hundred thousand dollars, with privi- 
 lege of increasing the same to an amount sufficient to complete said road 
 and furnish all necessary apparatus for conveyance, suitable depots, 
 etc., the shares to be fifty dollars each. 
 
 By section four, Thomas B. Powers, Eliakim Johnson and Lewis 
 Pratt of Woodstock, and Albert G. Dewey and Joseph C. Parker of 
 Hartford, were designated as commissioners for opening books of sub- 
 scription for the stock of said company at Woodstock and elsewhere. 
 
 11 
 
163 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 On the same day, Oct. 20, 1863, an act was passed by the General 
 Assembly,authorizing the town of Woodstock to raise by tax on the grand 
 list of said town, at a meeting called for that purpose, a sum of money 
 not exceeding twenty thousand dollars, or any part of said sum, to be 
 appropriated to the building of said road. (For other sections of said 
 act see "Laws of Vermont " passed at the annual session of 1863.) 
 
 The company was temporarily organized Jan. 9, 1867, with the late 
 A. G. Dewey of Hartford chairman, and L. O. Greene secretary pro 
 tern., when the following board of directors were chosen : Peter T. 
 Washburn, Thomas E. Powers, A. G. Dewey, Charles Dana, Francis W. 
 Clarke, Lewis Pratt, Frank N. Billings, Chas. S. Eaymond, and Otis 
 Chamberlin. The organization was completed Jan. 23 by electing P. 
 T. Washburn, president ; L. O. Greene, clerk ; S. B. Hunger, treasurer. 
 The surveys of the line were made by the late Hosea Doton, a scientific 
 and capable civil engineer. Ground was first broken on the farm of 
 Ezra A. Champion in Hartford, by President Washburn, April 21, 1868. , 
 
 The construction of the road was contracted to Ealph Jones & Co. 
 They proceeded with the work of construction into the season of 1869, 
 when, owing to want of funds, the contractors suspended operations. 
 
 In January, 1870, the company voted to bond the road to the amount 
 of $250,000, and to execute a mortgage of the road and franchise there- 
 of, with all appurtenances and appendages, the rate to be seven per 
 cent, payable semi-annually, the principal to be payable in twenty years 
 from date of mortgage. The company failed to realize any money on 
 the bonds. At the session of the Legislature of Vermont in October, 
 1872, an act, entitled, " An act to authorize the town of Woodstock to 
 guarantee the interest on the bonds of Woodstock Railroad " was passed 
 and approved. On the 2d of April, 1873, the town of Woodstock, at a 
 meeting legally warned, voted to guarantee the interest on $250,000 of 
 the bonds of the Woodstock railroad for the period of fifteen years — 
 the same to terminate in fifteen years from the time of the completion of 
 the road, which will end on the 15th day of April, 1890. This interest, 
 amounting to $17,500 a year, has been voted and promptly paid by the 
 town of Woodstock annually to the present time. This road was com- 
 pleted to Woodstock village by the contractor, S. S. Thompson, in Sep- 
 tember, 1875. The first rail was laid at White River Junction, May 21, 
 1875. On the 12th of August, following, the fine " Howe truss '' bridge, 
 built over the celebrated " Quechee Gulf," near Dewey's factory in Que- 
 chee, was so far completed that an engine was run over it. On the follow- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 163 
 
 ing day nearly 3000 people assembled at that point to celebrate the long 
 anticipated event. Four brass bands made music, and great enthusiasm 
 prevailed. A grand ball at Quechee village in the evening terminated 
 the festivities of the occasion. The road was formally opened for busi- 
 ness Sept. 28, 29 and 30, 1875, with a series of excursions to the 
 thirtieth annual fair of the "Windsor County Agricultural Society at 
 Woodstock, arranged and conducted by the Central Vermont EaUroad 
 Company, by invitation of the Woodstock Eailroad Company. The 
 length of the main liae of this road is 13 ^^ miles, with three-fourths 
 mile of side track. Of the main line there are in Hartford 9 ximu 
 mUes. Eleven miles and a fraction over of the track is of iron 
 rails, and two and one-half miles of steel rails. The road is divided 
 into three sections, with three men to each section. There are 
 four stringer bridges over highways, and two over brooke, each 
 of twenty-five feet span. There are no trestles. The "Howe 
 truss " bridge over Quechee gulf is 250 feet in length, and the deck is 
 163 feet above the stream. The capital stock of this road has a nomi- 
 nal value only. The capital stock is $259,000. The cost of the road 
 as evidenced by the stock and bonds was $509,000. It is due to the 
 people of Woodstock to state that the town in its corporate capacity, in 
 addition to obligating itself to pay $17,500 yearly for fifteen years on 
 the company's bonds, subscribed and paid $100,000 for two thousand 
 shares of the stock at $50 par value. It has been a great tax upon the 
 resources of the people of Woodstock, but they have promptly met 
 every requirement and obligation with unflinching energy and perse- 
 verance, and they now have a first-class road in every respect. Material 
 aid was furnished by the people of Bridgewater and Hartford. 
 
 The twentieth annual report of the directors to the stockholders of 
 the Woodstock Railroad for the year ending Sept. 30, 1887, is as fol- 
 lows : Gross earnings, $24,266.63 ; expenses (less $1,028.06 received 
 from sale, of old rails), $16,159.45; paid town of Woodstock interest 
 account $8,107.18 (nearly one-half the interest on the bonded debt) ; 
 number of passengers carried, 15,146 ; tons of freight transported, 
 11,845 ; not an accident occurred, and no loss by damage to freight in 
 transit. 
 
 Before the era of railroads, and when Rutland was but a mere hamlet, 
 Whitehall, N. ¥., was the entrepot from which numerous towns east of 
 the Green Mountains, in Windsor and Orange counties, imported their 
 supplies of flour, lime, salt, and other commodities, all of which were 
 transported over the mountains, via. Rutland, Sherburne and Wood- 
 stock, by two-horse teams, mostly belonging to and driven by their 
 
164 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 owners — well-to-do farmers, — who, in this way, supplied their own 
 wants, and earned many an honest penny in the service of the merchants 
 and traders. Beyond Woodstock, and following, with some deviations, 
 the same route over the mountain to Butland as that travelled by the 
 teamsters of those days, the Woodstock Railroad will be, at no distant 
 day, extended to Rutland ; possibly by a combined effort of the Boston 
 and Lowell and the Delaware and Hudson railroad companies, but 
 probably by the latter alone, for the purpose of establishing an outlet 
 (more desirable than via. Bellows Palls), to White River Junction, and 
 opening up a new route to the West, at least sixty miles shorter than 
 the present route by rail between White River Junction and Rutland. 
 To consumate such an enterprise the town of Hartford might profitably 
 bond herself in the sum of $25,000. As one of the results, White River 
 Junction would become the most important railroad center in New 
 England. The passenger traffic over the new route would be simply 
 immense. Our prince of caterers, E. A. Dunton, who never fails to 
 give ^^ plenty of time,'" and plenty to eat, as well, would wax rich, and 
 find much enjoyment in feeding hungry crowds by night and by day. 
 Our genial friend Porter would find the office of superintendent of the 
 Vermont division of the road a partial reward for his faithful, efficient 
 endeavors. The people of Wotodstock would be relieved of burdensome 
 taxes, and find in the annual dividends of interest upon her $100,000 of 
 stock, and the revival of her manufactures, some compensation for 
 sacrifices heroically made, and difficulties bravely met and overcome ; 
 and lastly, the travelling public would be immeasurably benefited by a 
 saving of time and money — three hours of time and about two dollars 
 car fare to each adult person, — while to the tourist in search of enjoy- 
 ment the route over the mountain, via. Woodstock, presents a great 
 diversity of charming scenery that could not fail to attract and satisfy 
 the eye that slumbers not nor sleeps, amid the beautiful creations of 
 nature. 
 
 The present directors of the Woodstock raUroad are Frederick Bil- 
 lings, Lewis Pratt, P. N. Billings, Justin P. Mackenzie, Woodstock ; S. 
 S. Thompson, Lyndon; Wm. C. Raymond, Bridgewater; John J. 
 Dewey, Quechee ; president, Frederick BilHngs ; vice-president, Justin 
 P. Mackenzie ; clerk, Charles P. Marsh ; superintendent and treasurer, 
 James G. Porter (appointed in January, 1876). 
 
 The returns made to the railroad commissioners and the commis- 
 sioner of state taxes for 1888 show the gross income, operating expenses 
 and net income of the railroads in Vermont for the year ending June 
 30, 1888, to have been as follows : Gross income, $4,884,372 ; operating 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 165 
 
 expenses. $3,319,964; net income, $1,564,408. Included in the operating 
 expenses is the annual item of $100,000 in round numbers for state 
 taxes. .The gross earnings and net earnings of the principal railroads 
 in the state for the year .ending June 30, 1888, were as follows : 
 
 Name of road. Gross income. Net earnings. 
 
 Central Vermont. $2,649,169 1693,133 
 
 Pass (Boston & Maine lessee) 765,467 240,817 
 
 Vermont Valley. _, 186,894 75,900 
 
 Bennington & Rutland. _ 259,124 91,092 
 
 Montpelier & Wells River 99,583 28,978 
 
 St. Johnsbury & L. Champlain 365,020 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 POST-EOADS AND POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The first post-route in Vermont was establislied by the Governor and 
 Council June 19th, 1781, while in session in Bennington. It was solely 
 for the benefit of the Governor. At the session of the General Assembly 
 in Bennington in 1783, a post-route was established, for the first time, 
 for the benefit of the public, and the post-rider was to go weekly from 
 Bennington to Albany.' An act for establishing post-ofBices in the 
 State passed the General Assembly March 5th, 1784, and on the same 
 day, Mr. Anthony Haswell was appointed Postmaster General within 
 and for the State of Vermont." Five post-ofiices were established by 
 this act, viz., one in each of the towns of Bennington, Rutland, Brattle- 
 borough,. Windsor and Newbury, under such regulations as governed 
 the post-ofiices in the United States. These offices were to open a 
 regular communication throughout the State. 
 
 " Meagre as the postal service established by Vermont seems to us to 
 have been, yet it was extended very slowly by Congress." The first 
 act by Congress March 1791, provided that " the Post-master General 
 shall be and he is hereby authorized to extend the carrying the mail from 
 Albany, N. Y., to Bennington." In June, 1792, only four post-routes 
 had been established in Vermont by Congress. Three of these were 
 weekly, and one semi-monthly. One of these routes was from Brattle- 
 borough to Charleston, N. H., and Windsor to Hanover, N. H., once 
 a week. 
 
 On the 26th of October, 1795, the General Assembly, then sitting in 
 Windsor, passed an act empowering and directing certain persons to 
 lay out and survey a post-road from Massachusetts Line to the north 
 line of the town of Newbury in the County of Orange, Vt. Under the 
 provisions of this act a survey was commenced in the Spring of 1796, 
 
 ' Extract from the Journal — "Resolved, that Mr. Samuel Sherman be paid Nine 
 Shillings per week out of the public treasury, for riding. Post, carrying and bringing 
 the Public Intelligence to and from this (Bennington) to Albany (N, Y.) until the 
 sitting of the General Assembly in February next : — He to be accountable for all 
 the money he shall receive as Postage on Letters, etc," The Vermont Gazette oi 
 Nov. 27, 1783, informed its readers that, " by this act of the Assembly, the post- 
 ofBce business will be transacted at the Printing office, and the greatest care will be 
 taken to forward letters, etc., as expeditiously as possible. Postage will be under 
 the same regulations as in the United States; the postage of all letters addressed to 
 persons out of the State, must be paid at the time of leaving them at the office as 
 far as Albany.'' 
 
 '^ Mr. Haswell was one of the firm of Haswell & Russell, publishers of the Ver- 
 mont Gazette, established in Bennington, June 5th, 1783. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 167 
 
 under the direction of committees named by the General Assembly. 
 The committee of three chosen to lay said road through Windsor 
 County consisted of Hon. Paul Brigham of Norwich, Gen'l Lewis R. 
 Morris of Springfield, and Oliver Gallup of Hartland. A plan of the 
 survey and location of said road, as laid through the town of Hartford, 
 was filed in the Town Clerk's office August 3 1st, 1796, and recorded in 
 Vol. 6, pages 70-71. The report reads as follows : 
 
 "A survey of a post-road laid out by the Hon. Paul Brigham, Lewis 
 R. Morris and Oliver Gallup, Esquires, a committee appointed by the 
 Hon. Legislature of the State of Vermont, at their session at Windsor 
 October, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, for the purpose 
 of laying out a post-road from the north line in Windham County to 
 the north line of Windsor County ; beginning at the north line of Hart- 
 land. (Here follows a statement of the compass lines from station to 
 station through Hartford, with distances in chains, terminating at Nor- 
 wich line.) The report is signed by the committee and by Marston 
 Cabot, County Surveyor, by whom the compass work was performed, 
 and the report was written. A rudely drawn sketch of the compass 
 lines, accompanies the report, which defines the location of Maj. David 
 Wright's house, the point of crossing White River, and the location of 
 Widow Hazen's house near Norwich line. This post-road is the present 
 highway leading from Norwich line to Hartford village (the Christian 
 St. road), thence across White River to Hartland, passing the present 
 residences of Charles B. Ballard, Rev. H. Andrews, Mrs. Daniel Simonds, 
 Seth B. Wright, W. H. Braley, Ervin Russ, Barney McCabe, Frank 
 Huntoon, and so on to Windsor via. North Hartland. 
 
 On Monday Oct. 24th, 1796, Oliver Gallup and others presented a 
 petition to the General Assembly, then in session in Rutland, praying 
 for the avails of the Connecticut River Lottery " which remains not 
 expended, for the purpose of appropriating the same on the post-road 
 on the west side of Connecticut River, etc., being read and by the 
 House referred to the Lottery Committee, resolved to join accordingly." 
 
 In 1792, June 1st, additional post-offices were opened in Manchester, 
 Burlington and Vergennes. The Vermont Register (almanac) for 1797, 
 gave a list of eight different routes then established in Vermont, 
 together with th« towns then having mail service. Route "No. 6" 
 was from Windsor to Newbury and St. Johnsbury. The towns along 
 this route, with their respective distances from Windsor and the post- 
 riders along the route were as follows : Windsor to Hartland, five miles, 
 post-rider. Lull ; Windsor to Hartford, fourteen miles, rider, Hazen ; 
 Hartford to Norwich, two miles, rider, Bunton ; Norwich to Thetford, 
 eleven miles, rider, Childs ; Thetford to Fairlee, nine miles, rider, 
 Freeman ; Fairlee to Bradford, s'ix miles, rider, Stebbins ; Bradford to 
 Newbury, five miles, rider. Mills ; to next office in Newbury, three 
 miles, rider, Lovell ; to another office in Newbury, one mile, rider, 
 Johnson ; Newbury to Barnet, fifteen miles, rider, Gilchrist ; to next 
 
168 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 in Barnet, two miles, rider, Stevens ; Barnet to St. Jolinsbury, eleven 
 miles, rider, Lord. 
 
 The Megister further says : — " A Post-Eoad is established between 
 Burlington and Montreal in Canada and a British carrier arrives at 
 Burlington every fortnight. Rate of postage of every single letter by 
 land, 30 mUes, 6 cts.; 60 m., 8 cts.; 100 m., 10 cts.; 150 m , 12|- cts.; 
 200 m., 15 cts.; 250 m., 17 cts.; 350 m., 20 cts.; 450 m. 22 cts. For 
 more than 450 m. 25 cts. 
 
 No allowance is to be made for intermediate miles. Every double 
 leiter is to pay double the said rates ; every triple letter triple ; every 
 packet weighing one ounce, at the rate of four single letters for each 
 ounce.'' 
 
 The number of deputy postmasters in Vermont in 1797 was 10, viz.: 
 — Bennington, Brattleborough, Burlington, Manchester, Middlebury, 
 Newbury, Rutland, Vergennes, Westminster and Windsor. 
 
 Mr. E. P. Walton, of Montpelier, in speaking of the mail service in 
 Vermont, in March, 1784, says : — " In these days of railroads and tele- 
 graphs the condition of the service at that time may provoke a smile ; 
 but in fact Vermont, at that time, provided mail facilities quite equal to 
 those furnished by the United States for any but the largest towns and 
 cities. The following, nearly eight months later is to the point " : 
 
 Hartfoed (Conn.), November 2.' 
 
 " A stage wagon has lately been erected to run, with four horses, 
 between the city of New York and Stratford ferry, in Connecticut, 
 which completes the stages from Portsmouth, in the State of New 
 Hampshire, to Richmond, in the State of Virginia, a distance of up- 
 wards of 700 miles." — 
 
 POST OFPIOBS. 
 
 Through the courtesy of Hon. W. W. Grout, M. C, I have obtained 
 from Hon. A. E. Stevenson, First Assistant Post-Master General, the 
 names of the post-masters, and the dates of their appointment respect- 
 ively, at the offices of Hartford, Quechee, West Hartford and White 
 River Junction, which I give in the order of the date of the establish- 
 ment of said offices, viz.: — 
 
 HAKTFORD. 
 
 Joseph Dorr, 31 July, 1806 Justin C. Brooks 15 Nov. , 1850 
 
 Derrick Stebbins 7 May, 31 Henry B. Brown 33 Apr., 56 
 
 Andrew Tracy 15 Jan'y, 34 Justus W. French 38 May, 56 
 
 Phineas Kimball 13 Apr., 27 Justin C. Brooks 19 Mch., 63 
 
 Oramel H. Nichols.. 3 Aug., 33 Willis S. Brooks 3 Nov., 75 
 
 Moses French 23 Jan'y, 41 AUen L. Pease. 8 Apr., 81 
 
 Justin C. Brooks 8 June, 41 Nellie L. Brooks 14 July, 84 
 
 OramelH. Nichols... 36 Jan'y, 47 
 
 'From the Vermont Gazittc oi'ifoy. 15, 1784. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 169 
 
 QXTECHEE VILLAGE. 
 
 Shubael Russ 8 May, 1827 Joseph K. Edgerton 17Mch.,1860 
 
 Jacob Dimmick 36 May, 30 Chas. W. Harrington 9 Oct., 60 
 
 Wm. S.Carter 33 Aug., 47 Shubel Russ 3 July, 61 
 
 Joseph K. Edgerton. 17 June, 53 Chas. Tinkham 39 Oct., 67 
 
 Name changed to Name changed to Que- 
 
 Queechy 36 July, 55 chee 16 Mch., 68 
 
 Shubel Russ 30 July, 57 
 
 WEST HAETPOED. 
 
 Phineas Pai-khm-st.. 2 Apr., 1830 Lucius Hazen _ 7 Oct., 1850 
 
 Baxter B. Newton. _ 33 Sept., 30 Albert E. Williamson.... 18 Apr., 54 
 
 Ebenezer J. Whitney 39 May, 33 Wm. L. Brockway 7 Aug., 61 
 
 Chas. Tinkham 15 Dec, 37 Levi Hazen _. 34 Mch.. 64 
 
 W.H.Steele- 9 July, 39 W. Howard Tucker ,13 Apr., 69 
 
 Sam'l G. Steele 240ct., 44 ,Hoyt Hazen 30 July, 69 
 
 JohnSteele 11 July, 49 R. Munsil... 88 
 
 WHITE RIVER JUNCTION. 
 
 Samuel Nutt 30 Oct. , 1850 Noah B. Safford. _ 18 Aug. , 1879 
 
 Luther S. Grover 10 Dec, 59 Sanford H. Potter' 31 Apr., 86 
 
 Geo. Lyman 12 Apr., 61 
 
 NEWSPAPERS AND EDITORS. 
 
 The first attempt to establish a printing office and a newspaper in 
 Hartford was made by Dr. Ira Davis, of Norwich, associated with Mr. 
 E. Southworth, in October, 1852, when they started a newspaper under 
 the title of " The White Eiver Advertiser and Vermont Family Gazette.". 
 It was established by removing the " Federal Gazette " from Bradford, 
 Vt. Some time in 1853 the office of this company was destroyed by fire 
 and the paper was discontinued. 
 
 The next paper pubUshed in town was the " Eepublican Observer," 
 commenced by Thomas Hale, at White Eiver Junction, January 1, 1878, 
 
 'Mr. Potter is the fifth postmaster here since the office was established in the 
 spring of 1849. ^°'- Samuel Nutt, a Democrat, was the first postmaster, appoint- 
 ed under Zachary Taylor's administration. The office at first had a very small 
 patronage and was kept in the postmaster's house. In a few months a depot was 
 built, and the office was moved into that. Col. Nutt held the office until Dec. 12, 
 1859, when Luther Grover, also a Democrat, received the appointment. Soon 
 after the change to a Republican administration, or May 20, i86i, George Lyman 
 received the appointment, and held the office until his death, July 11, 1879. Miss 
 Louise Lyman, daughter of George Lyman, then became acting postmistress for 
 the bondsmen, and did the business until N. B. Safford received the appointment 
 and took the office, Sept. 1, 1879. ^^ held the office until his death, March 10, 
 1886, when Herbert L. Dutton was acting postmaster for the bondsmen until the 
 appointment of Sanford H. Potter. There have therefore been but four post- 
 masters in the thirty-seven years of the existence of the office, two Democrats 
 and two Republicans. Both of the latter died in office. The office survived one 
 fire — the burning of the depot in which it was located, in 1862. All the books, 
 papers, mail matter and fixtures were saved. It was assigned a place in the new 
 depot, when rebuilt, where it remained until that was torn down and a new de- 
 pot built in 1880. It was then given a place in a shed, and set out doors, where 
 it has remained to this day. During Mr. Grover's postmastership the office paid 
 about $600; now it pays the postmaster $1,200 with about $100 fees on money 
 order business, and an allowance of $300 for clerk hire. — Valley Sun. 
 A post office was established in Olcott village 1887. 
 
170 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 and continued until June 1, 1880, when it was removed to Keene, N. H. 
 Hale started the Observer with a list of about 1600 subscribers, which 
 he had oJDtained by personal persistent teasing,' and had he been able 
 to subdue his nomadic propensities, and make his expenditures and in- 
 come commeasurable, he could not have failed to make his venture here 
 a perfect success. Mr. Hale was, in a literary point of view, an able 
 editor. He possessed a remarkable memory, and was thoroughly con- 
 versant with the political history of the country, and knew much of men 
 eminent in the fields of literature, science, art and politic?, both in this 
 and other countries. He was a ready writer, and, when not moved by 
 impecunious considerations, was very entertaining in conversation. But 
 he was egotistical, fractious and insolent in his treatment of his com- 
 positors and other assistants, though obsequious to those who held any 
 kind of a whip-lash over him ; negligent of, and indifferent to his pecu- 
 niary obligations; extravagant in his mode of living; treacherous in 
 social obligations, and the butt of ridicule everywhere. 
 
 He was near-sighted, but disliked to be reminded of this defect of 
 vision. Once, when about to cross a railroad track in front of a moving 
 locomotive, a youth who knew him caught hold of him unceremoniously 
 and hurried him beyond danger. Hale construed this as an imposition, 
 and manifested a disposition to give the preserver of his life a good 
 threshing, but the young fellow was no chicken, and the threatened can- 
 ing was indefinitely postponed. 
 
 In August, 1880, a stock company composed of capitalists in Keene, 
 N. H., started the "New England Observer" in that town, with Mr. 
 Hale as editor-in-chief and manager ; but, in a few months thereafter he 
 had antagonized the principal stockholders, and not being able to recon- 
 cile differences, he stepped down and out, and there closed his career as 
 an editor. " Qualis vita finis ita." 
 
 " The Sun " was established at White River Junction by Royal Cum- 
 mings on the 9th of December, 1881. Three months later it was pur- 
 chased by A. A. Earle, and converted into the hybrid, or combination 
 patent- and-home-made production, y-cleped " The Landmark," (March 
 12, 1882.') 
 
 The " Valley Sun " was commenced by Royal Cummings at White 
 River Junction, January 18, 1884, with a patent outside. In July, 1885, 
 the size of the paper was reduced, and subsequently issued as an " all- 
 at-home " printed paper, and was the only paper so printed between 
 
 ' Hale manifested a persistence in teasing that would have rendered him an inval- 
 uable lightning-rod agent. His remarkable tenacity gave rise to the following con- 
 nundrum : — " Why is Tom Hale like the Hoosic tunnel ? " Ans.— " Because he is 
 a wonderful bore." 
 
HISTORY OB' HARTFORD. 171 
 
 Montpelier and Concord, N. H. It was Republican in politics, excluded 
 patent-medicine and other questionable advertisements, and was a neat, 
 newsy, readable paper, and it is to be regretted that Mr. Cummings was 
 compelled to suspend its publication. Dr. Talmadge, in a sermon 
 preached to newspaper men on a recent Sunday, said : " There are only 
 two kinds of newspapers — the one good, very good ; the other bad, very 
 bad. A newspaper may be started with an undecided character, but 
 after it has been going on for years, everybody finds out just what it is, 
 and it is very good or very bad. The one paper is the embodiment of 
 news, the ally of virtue, the foe of crime, the delectation of elevated 
 taste, the mightiest agency on the earth for making the world better. 
 The other paper is a brigand amid moral forces, it is the beslimer of 
 reputations, it is the right arm of death and hell, it is the mightiest 
 agency in the universe for making the world worse and battling the 
 cause of God. The one an angel of intelligence, the other a fiend of 
 darkness." 
 
 Chief Justice Parker once said : " The liberty of the press is always 
 a subject of discussion ; the press is the chief engine to create and sus- 
 tain civil, political and religious liberty. But the press is not invested 
 with the power or right of invading private character, or of circulating 
 falsehood against public or private men. It may promulgate truth, 
 however harsh and severe, with a good purpose, and with an honest view 
 to expose and reform, but it cannot, with impunity, under the garb of 
 good motives, and justifiable ends, traduce and calumniate . Powerful 
 as the press is, it has a master, and that master is the law, which, when 
 it trangresses its legitimate bounds, will punish the transgressors. * * 
 The imputation of crime is not necessary to constitute a libel. Any 
 opprobious terms calculated to expose the party of whom they are used 
 to contumely, may be libelous. * * * If the words of a supposed 
 libel are not calculated to injure the party of whom they are used in the 
 community, they have no noxious meaning, or tendency, and such tend- 
 ency is an essential ingredient of offence. • * * If a publication is 
 unjustifiable, and its natural tendency is to create hostile feelings, aver- 
 sion and hatred, malice is inferred by law." 
 
 The Landmark was sold by Mr. Earle to Charles R. Jameson in 
 December, 1888. The new owner assumed control of the paper Decem- 
 ber 14 Mr. Jameson is a practical printer, and has ability to publish a 
 first-class paper. The paper already exhibits marked improvement in 
 its general make-up. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 In a petition made by Prince Tracy and others to the New York 
 government for Letters Patent it was stated that the population of the 
 town in 1765, was thirty persons. The population in 1771, as shown by 
 i census taken of the towns in Cumberland County (comprising Wind- 
 iam and Windsor Counties) was 190 persons. In 1791, when the first 
 jensus of Vermont was taken, the population of the town was 988 per- 
 sons, an increase of 608 in twenty years. The nest census was taken in 
 the year 1800, when, according to the TJ. S. census reports, the popula- 
 tion was 1094 persons. The census from 1800 to 1880 by decades was 
 IS follows : In 1810, it was 1881 ; in 1820 it was 2010 ; in 1830, it was 
 2044 ; in 1840, it was 2194 ; in 1850, it was 2159 ; in 1860, it was 2396 ; 
 in 1870, it was 2480 ; in 1880, it was 2954 ; the increase during the last 
 ieeade was 474, a percentage of increase of 19.1 per cent. 
 
 Taking the above figures as the basis of calculation, it appears that 
 ;he increase of population for 109 years, 1771-1880, has been 2764 
 — a mean annual increase of 25.36 per cent., of which nearly one-sixth 
 occurred in the decade between 1870 and 1880. The increase from 1771 
 bo 1791 was mainly from immigration ; that from 1791 to 1800 was 
 probably due to the excess of births over deaths during that period, 
 with some immigration. Between 1800 and 1810, the tide of emi- 
 gration began again to flow into the town ; but from 1810 to 1820, the 
 war of 1812 and the fearful epidemic of 1814r-15 not only decimated the 
 town, but served to check the tide of emigration, and the increase was 
 chiefly of indigenous growth. Between 1820 and 1850 the philosophy 
 af the decrease is difficult to understand. The construction of railways 
 induced immigration to a considerable extent, but this was of a tran- 
 sient and temporary character. The depletion might have been caused 
 by the " Western fever," which continued to influence emigration from 
 this section of Vermont for a longer period than in other portions of the 
 State. It wUl be seen that the increase between 1820 and 1830 exceeded 
 the mean annual increase for 109 years, but the actual loss between 1840 
 and 1850 is an anomaly not wholly attributable to decimation by emi- 
 gration. In the absence of official registration reports, and other 
 statistical data, it is impossible to determine what were the actual causes 
 of the variable increase and decrease of the population, or to make 
 satisfactory deductions relating to the same. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 173 
 
 The increase in population between 1850 and '60, must be attributed 
 to the completion of several railways to White River Junction, which 
 led to the establishment, at that point, of numerous offices and work- 
 shops connected therewith, and, also, to the impetus thereby given to 
 almost every- branch of industry, all of which resulted in an influx of 
 railway officials and workmen, and laborers to factories, farms and 
 other departments. From 1860 to "70, there was but a slight increase. 
 The civil war with its disturbing influences, the decimation by recruit- 
 ing, supplemented by the depletion consequent upon diphtheria, which 
 was epidemic in 1863-4-5, all militated against a gain in population. 
 The excess of births over deaths during the decade was only 33. The 
 total gain in population during the decade being 84, we gained by im- 
 migration 51, or about 6.5 per cent, of the whole gain, probably more, 
 as there must have been a depletion by emigration. 
 
 Between ISVO and '80, the increase was 474, a rate of increase of 47.4 
 per annum, and a percentage of 19.11. The excess of births over 
 deaths during the decade was 262. Deducting this froin 474 we find 
 that the gain by immigration was 212 or 44.6 per cent, of the total 
 gain; and 8.5 per cent, on the population. These figures make the 
 causes of increase perfectly obvioup. In March, 1878, there were 619 
 families in town. Families with children 417. Children under 5, 302; 
 5 to 10, 290; 10 to 15, 278; 15 to 20, 230; aggregate, 1100. These 
 figures show that the number of single persons over 20 years of age 
 was about 520; children of school age, 798; the total population being 
 about 2858. 
 
 The rates of increase of population during the last decade 1870-'80 
 is larger than that of any other town in Vermont. The population of 
 the State in 1870 was 330,551; in 1880, 332,286, showing an increase of 
 1,735 only in ten years, or a percentage of .00525, nearly. The fore- 
 going table shows that the actual increase of population in Hartford 
 during the same period exceeded one-fourth of the total gain in the 
 State; the percentage of increase being 19.11, or 27.32 per cent., nearly, 
 of the total gain in the State. 
 
 Doubtless many of the readers of this history will be interested in 
 
 the following comparative statement of the population of Vermont by 
 
 counties in 1880 and 1870, showing the gains and losses during the 
 
 decade in the counties respectively : 
 
 Addison county, population in 1880, 24,174 ; in 1870, 23,484 ; gain 690. 
 
 Bennington " " " " 21,945; " " 21,335; " 620. 
 
 Caledonia " " " " 23,609; " " 32,335; " 1,373. 
 
 Chittenden " 33,798;" " 36,480 ; loss 3,683. 
 
174 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Essex 
 
 coun 
 
 ty, 
 
 population in 1880 
 
 , 7,931 
 
 Fi-anklin 
 
 
 
 
 30,235 
 
 Grand Isle 
 
 
 
 
 4,134 
 
 Lamoille 
 
 
 
 
 13,684 
 
 Orange 
 
 
 
 
 33,529 
 
 Orleans 
 
 
 
 
 23,083 
 
 Rutland 
 
 
 
 
 41,880 
 
 Washington ' ' 
 
 
 
 35,403 
 
 Windham 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 36,763 
 
 Windsor 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 35,193. 
 
 Total gain, 
 
 7,471 
 
 total loss, 5,736. Excess of j 
 
 during decade was 
 
 474 
 
 
 
 in 1870, 
 
 6,811 ; 
 
 gain 
 
 1,130. 
 
 30,391 ; 
 
 loss 
 
 66. 
 
 4,083 
 
 gain 
 
 42. 
 
 13,448 
 
 (( 
 
 236. 
 
 23,090 
 
 a 
 
 439. 
 
 21,085 ; 
 
 (C 
 
 1,047. 
 
 40,651 ; 
 
 " 
 
 1,179. 
 
 36,520 
 
 loss 
 
 1,117. 
 
 26,086 ; 
 
 gain 
 
 726. 
 
 36,063 : 
 
 loss 
 
 871. 
 
 BIRTHS. 
 
 In 1856 the General Assembly of Vermont passed an act relating to 
 the registry and return of births, marriages and de'aths, by town and 
 district clerks, and the annual publication of the same by the secretary 
 of State.. The practicability and utility of this measure has been 
 clearly demonstrated. It ensures greater accuracy, and affords facts 
 from which yaluable conclusions and inferences may be drawn concern- 
 ing the three eras of human life, viz. : Birth, marriage and death, 
 " upon which, to a very great extent, are dependent the physical, moral 
 and civil condition of the human family." 
 
 In the following table are grouped together the whole number of 
 births registered by the town clerks of Hartford during the thirty 
 years 1857-86 inclusive; together with the average birth-rate, popula- 
 tion to one birth, number of each sex and nativity for six quinquennial 
 periods, the last period being computed upon the average of the sup"^ 
 posed population for said period, the estimated increase from 1880 to 
 1886 being 400 : 
 
 
 It 
 
 No. 
 
 
 SEX. 
 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 Births. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Unk. 
 
 Am. 
 
 For. 
 
 Unk. 
 
 1857—1861 
 
 3869 
 
 221 
 
 Ill 
 
 110 
 
 
 180 
 
 24 
 
 17" 
 
 53.6 
 
 1.87 
 
 1863—1866 
 
 2480 
 
 246 
 
 133 
 
 123 
 
 1 
 
 185 
 
 48 
 
 13 
 
 49.4 
 
 3.03 
 
 1867—1871 
 
 3479 
 
 301 
 
 147 
 
 149 
 
 5 
 
 195 
 
 95 
 
 11 
 
 41.3 
 
 3.43 
 
 1872—1876 
 
 2670 
 
 351 
 
 171 
 
 180 
 
 
 335 
 
 133 
 
 3 
 
 38.0 
 
 3.63 
 
 1877—1881 
 
 2911 
 
 318 
 
 170 
 
 143 
 
 
 190 
 
 103 
 
 20 
 
 46.5 
 
 3.15 
 
 L883— 1886 
 
 8220 
 
 338 
 
 170 
 
 158 
 
 
 212 
 
 114 
 
 3 
 
 50.0 
 
 3.03 
 
 Totals 
 
 1760 
 
 891 
 
 868 
 
 6 
 
 1187 
 
 507 
 
 66 
 
 
 Average _- 
 
 3680 
 
 58.7 
 
 29.7 
 
 28.8 
 
 0.3 
 
 39.6 
 
 16.9 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 The ratio of males to females is as 103.34 is to 100. 
 
 From the foregoing table it appears that the whole number of births in 
 ,he town was one thousand seven hundred and sixty- This number esxseeds 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 175 
 
 the whole number of deaths during the same period by five hundred and 
 sixteen. Eliminating the number of still-born (twenty-nine) these 
 figures indicate an increase of the population of four hundred and 
 eighty-seven. According to the U. S. census reports the actual gain in 
 population between 1850 and 1880 was seven hundred and ninety-five. 
 A proportionate gain between 1857 and 1880 would be six hundred and 
 twenty-nine. Assuming that the population in 1886 was thirty-three 
 hundred and fifty-four, the total gain for thirty years— 1857-86, was 
 one thousand twenty-nine. Hence the increase by immigration was five 
 hundred and forty-two, and by excess of live births over deaths, four 
 hundred and eighty-seven. The annual average number of births 
 exceeds the annual average number of deaths by a fraction more than 
 seventeen. 
 
 Those of my readers who are conversant with statistics on this sub- 
 ject, will observe that notwithstanding the fact that the births in Hart- 
 ford are remarkably few in proportion to the population, the number of 
 births and the proportion of births to the population are not less than 
 in many other towns in Vermont. In 1884 the proportion of births to 
 population in Windsor County was one to every 67.9 of its inhabitants, 
 while in nine other counties in Vermont the proportion was less than 
 in Hartford. 
 
 One birth occurs annually in Massachusetts to every thirty-five per- 
 sons ; in France one to every thirty-five persons ; in England one to 
 every thirty-one persons ; in Vermont one to every fifty persons ; in 
 Hartford one to every forty-six persons. 
 
 In the following table the births that have occurred in the town for 
 ten years, 1877-86 inclusive are arranged by months. 
 
 MONTHS. 
 
 NUMBER 
 
 SEX. 
 
 EXCESS 
 OP 
 
 
 
 BIRTHS. 
 
 ■ MALE. 
 
 FEMALE. 
 
 MALES. 
 
 71 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 
 49 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 
 51 
 
 24 
 
 27 
 
 
 54 
 
 31 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 50 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 47 
 
 27 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 69 
 
 39 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 45 
 
 38 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 67 
 
 37 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 52 
 
 32 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 35 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 
 653 
 
 351 
 
 303 
 
 46 
 
 EXCESS 
 
 OF 
 
 FEMALES. 
 
 Januaxy 
 
 February 
 
 March _ . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July - - 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Totals 
 
176 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 From the above table it will be seen that January was the most fruit- 
 ful month, and August the least so. We also see that the number of 
 births varied but little with the seasons. During the months of winter 
 there were 170 births ; spring, 155 ; summer, 161 ; autumn, 167. 
 
 JPlural Births. — During a period of thirty years only fourteen child- 
 ren were born in couplets. Of these twelve were males, and two 
 were females. This is one couplet in every 251.4 births. 
 
 Illegitimates. — Nine cases are recorded, three of which were females. 
 This is one in every 195.5 births. 
 
 Still-born. — The statistics on this point are unreliable. I obtain the 
 number here given from the Town Clerk's registry of deaths. The 
 number recorded is twenty-nine, of which thirteen were males ; thirteen 
 females, and three unknown. This is one to every 60.7 of all births. 
 
 Parentage^ — ^Of the whole number of births 67.4 per cent, were of 
 American parentage ; 28.9 per cent, of foreign parentage, and 3.7 per 
 cent, were of unknown parentage. The greatest proportion of Ameri- 
 can births to every one hundred of population, was in 1858, and the 
 least was in 1884. On the other hand, the foreign births were greatest 
 in proportion in 1874, and the least in 1861. In 1858, the proportion 
 of American to foreign births was twelve to one ; in 1870 it was 1.91 to 
 one, and in 1880 it was 2.08 to one. Of the whole number of births 
 from 1860 to 1870, seventy-five per cent, were American, and twenty- 
 five per cent, were foreign. Prom 1870 to 1880, sixty-one per cent, 
 of the births were American, and thirty-nine per cent, were foreign, 
 From 1882 to 1886 inclusive, sixty-five per cent of all births were 
 American, and thirty-five per cent, foreign. In the latter class the 
 excess of births over deaths, for thirty years 1857-86 inclusive was 436; 
 while in the A.merican class the excess was only eighty-one. The excess 
 of births over deaths in the foreign class in 1885-86 was eighteen. In 
 the American class, the excess of deaths over births during the same 
 period was twelve. The ratio of increase in the foreign births in this 
 town, and elsewere, is suggestive of the thought that the foreign popu- 
 lation in this country may eventually, by natural increase, outnumber 
 the American population. 
 
 MAEKIAGES. 
 
 Prior to 1857, it was customary for ministers of the gospel and mag- 
 istrates who performed the marriage service to make a certificate of the 
 marriage in duplicate, one copy of which was given to the married 
 couple and the other was deposited with the town clerk for official rec- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 177 
 
 ord. As a specimen of the usual form of certificate thus made, I will 
 quote that of a marriage performed in 1807, viz : — 
 
 State of Vermont, ) 
 Windsor County, ss. j 
 
 Be it remembered that at Hartford, in said County, on the 6th day of January, 
 in the year of om- Lord 1807, Pomp Quaw and Lucy Smith (both blacks) both of 
 Hartfordj in the State and County aforesaid, were duly joined in mamage by 
 me. Attest: SHERMAN DEWEY, Justice Peace. 
 
 Hartford, March 31, 1807. 
 
 The foregpiug is a true copy of the original. 
 
 Attest: FREEGRACE LEAVITT, Town Clerk. 
 
 The whole number of marriages recorded in the town records for sev- 
 enteen years — 1802-1819 — is about 200. The number recorded from 
 1819 to 1857 — thirty-eight years — is 515, or a total of 715 couples in 
 fifty-five years. The annual average is thirteen couples. On the basis 
 of the average population as given in the U. S. census reports, there was 
 one marriage to every 146 persons. 
 
 The following table exhibits the whole number of marriages regis- 
 tered by the town clerks during thirty years — 1857-1886, inclusive — to- 
 gether with number of persons married, their nativity, population to 
 one marriage, etc., arranged in six quinquennial periods on a basis of 
 the average population, estimating the population at 3354 in 1886 : 
 
 
 Average 
 Population. 
 
 No. 
 Couples 
 
 No. 
 Persons. 
 
 NATIVITY. 
 
 Population to 
 
 
 Am. 
 
 For. 
 
 Un. 
 
 1 Marriage. 
 
 1857-1861 
 1863-1866 
 
 3369 
 3430 
 3479 
 3670 
 3911 
 3330 
 
 64 
 
 47 
 
 90 
 
 133 
 
 135 
 
 133 
 
 138 
 94 
 180 
 366 
 370 
 366 
 
 135 
 94 
 150 
 333 
 335 
 333 
 
 
 3 
 
 185 
 359 
 
 1867-1871 
 1873-1876 
 1877-1881 
 1883-1886 
 
 30 
 33 
 45 
 33 
 
 
 138 
 100 
 108 
 131 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 603 
 301 
 
 1304 
 403 
 
 1060 
 353 
 
 141 
 
 47 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 Average. 
 
 3680 
 
 133 
 
 The ratio of increase from 1850 to 1860, is 33.7; 1860 to 1870, is 8.4; 1870 to 
 1880, is 47.4; and from 1880 to 1886, is 66.7. 
 
 I am unable to obtain reliable data concerning the number of first 
 
 marriages ; the first of men ; the subsequent of women ; of widowers to 
 
 maids ; of widowers to widows ; and of the actual number of divorces. 
 
 So far, however, as my personal observation extends, I can endorse the 
 
 opinion entertained by a well-known statistician, i.e.: that in the first 
 
 marriage of men the bridegroom is generally the elder ; that bachelors 
 
 are quite apt to succumb to the charms of widowhood, and often take 
 
 partners older than themselves ; that the widower marrying a maid 
 
 seeks one who is younger than himself ; that in the union of widowers 
 
 with widows, they find oongenialty in partners nearer their own age ; 
 
 13 
 
178 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 that too many people marry in haste, to repent at leisure ; and, finally, 
 that in marriage, as in many other things, there is no accounting for 
 tastes ! 
 
 The number of marriages found recorded in the town clerk's office 
 prior to the year 1857, or between Jan. 1, 1802. and Dec. 31, 1856, is 
 not far from 250. As the records are in a very good state of preserva- 
 tion during that period, it is not deemed advisable to give a list of them 
 in this work. The author has, however, copied nearly every marriage, 
 and all who desire to refer to his list are at liberty to examine it at any 
 time. The number of marriages for ten years — 1877-86, inclusive — ar- 
 ranged by months, are as follows : January 32, February 16, March 
 18, April 16, May 18, June 18, July 12, August 14, September 25, Octo- 
 ber 30, November 43, December 26 ; total, 268. Arranged by seasons, 
 they are : Winter 74, spring 52, summer 44, autumn 98. 
 
 DIVOECES. 
 
 It is probable that the number of appellants to the courts from Hart- 
 ford has been as great, in proportion to the population of the town, as 
 those from any other town in the State. The number of divorces 
 granted in Windsor County for seven years — 1880-86, inclusive — was 
 as follows : In 1880, 5, or one in every 56 marriages ; in 1881, 21, or 
 or one in every 12 marriages; in 1882, 17, or one in every 15.6 mar- 
 riages; in 1883, 23, or one in every 12.4 marriages ; in 1884, 26, or one 
 in 9.35 marriages ; in 1885, 11, or one in 26 marriages ; in 1886, 12, or 
 one in 20 marriages. Divorce is preferable to an unhappy, quarrelsome 
 alliance. 
 
 DEATHS. 
 
 In the following table may be found a resume of the mortality of the 
 town for thirty years, 1857-86 inclusive, giving the number of decedents 
 of each sex at different ages, the annual average number, the population 
 for one death and the percentage, arranged in five quinquennial periods, 
 1857-81 ; one triennial period, 1882-84, and for the years 1885-86 an- 
 nually.— Collated from records in Town Clerk's office. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 179 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 4J 
 
 
 
 
 lO 
 
 
 ui 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 8) 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 in 
 
 
 t- 
 
 00 
 
 cs 
 
 OS 
 
 
 
 fi 
 
 
 
 Years. 
 
 1 
 
 §3 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 B 
 
 3 
 ? 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 a3 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 <1 
 
 1 
 
 B 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 ■< 
 
 Ph 
 
 
 1857-61 
 
 M. 
 
 13 
 
 3 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 56 
 
 3 
 
 58 
 
 11.6 
 
 94 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 F. 
 
 7 
 
 4i 1 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 63 6 
 
 68 
 
 13.6 
 
 
 
 1863-66 
 
 M. 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 101 
 
 1 3 
 
 103 
 
 20.6 
 
 53 
 
 1.9 
 
 
 F. 
 
 40 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 8' 3' 7 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 138[ 3 
 
 130 
 
 26.0 
 
 
 
 1867-71 
 
 M. 
 
 31 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 4 7 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 96 
 
 19.3 
 
 60 
 
 1.7 
 
 
 F. 
 
 28 
 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 4 3 5 
 
 14 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 107 3 
 
 109 
 
 31.8 
 
 
 
 1873-76 
 
 M. 
 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 3, 3 
 
 8 
 
 7 "ilO 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 
 8 
 
 98 
 
 
 3 
 
 101 
 
 20.3 
 
 63 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 F. 
 
 28 
 
 8 
 
 3, 5 
 
 11 
 
 8 7 16 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 112 
 
 3 
 
 114 
 
 33.8 
 
 
 
 1877-81 
 
 M. 
 
 39 
 
 3 
 
 5 5 
 
 13 
 
 1 > 1 t 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 
 110 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 33.0 
 
 63 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 F. 
 
 30 
 
 4: 5 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 10, 6 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 133 
 
 
 133 
 
 34.4 
 
 
 
 1883-86 
 
 M. 
 
 85 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 911 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 
 1 
 
 110 
 
 
 1 
 
 113 
 
 33.4 
 
 62 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 F. 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 9 
 
 11' 7 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 130 
 
 1 
 
 121 
 
 24,3 
 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 
 306 
 
 49 35 61 
 
 134 
 
 7669 
 
 9l'il39 
 
 1^5 
 
 100 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 
 573 
 
 65131 
 
 1244 
 
 41.5 
 
 65 
 
 1.5 
 
 The aggregate ages of all the decedents is 47,072 ; the average age is 
 37.84. Excess of females, 84. The number of decedents under one 
 year of age was 159 ; from one to two, 58 ; from two to three,35 ; from 
 three to four, 35 ; and from four to five, 19 : total, 306, or nearly on e 
 fourth of the whole number of decedents. The number under one year 
 of age (less the still born) was 130 or more than one-tenth of the entire 
 mortality of the town. Two centenarians are among the decedents, 
 viz.: — Mrs. Jane Bethel, a widow of Irish nativity, died March 21, 1875, 
 aged 103 years. Mrs. Isaac Fouse Baker, a Canadian, died Oct. 13, 
 1880, aged 100 years. 
 
 Of the whole number of decedents (1244) eleven hundred and fifty- 
 three, or 92.7 per cent, were of American parentage, and ninety-one, or 
 7.3 per cent, were of foreign parentage. In the latter class the number 
 of males was 41, females 50. Of the ninety-one decedents, twenty-seven 
 died during the eighteen years ending Dec. 31, 1874 ; thirty-nine in 
 the ten years ending Dec. 31, 1884, and twenty-five in the two years 
 1885-6 inclusive. The above figures show that there was a rapid in- 
 crease in the death-rate in the foreign class during the last decade. The 
 birth-rate, however, was largely in excess of the death-rate, the number 
 of births being 240 to 64 deaths. There was also an increase of the 
 foreign population by immigration with but little if any emigration. It is 
 therefore probable that the death-rate, during the last decade, was not 
 greater in proportion to the population, than it was during the preceding 
 decade. In the foreign class the decedents numbered one to every 884 
 of the entire population, or one in every one hundred of this class. The 
 
180 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 increase ia the percentage of decedents was simply commensurate with 
 the increase of population. 
 
 It is gratifying to note the fact that the death-rate, on the whole, has 
 materially decreased from year to year, notwithstanding the fact that 
 the rate of mortaUty in Windsor county, in the classes of diseases most 
 prevalent in this town, is in excess of that in most of the other counties 
 in Vermont, — the rate of mortality being greatest in the counties bor- 
 dering on Connecticut river, especially in consumption, cancer, typhoid 
 fever, and heart disease. 
 
 CAUSES OF DEATH. 
 
 It is not practicable, to present a complete nomenclature and classi- 
 fication of all the causes of mortality as found recorded, or, as used by 
 nosologists and statisticians. 
 
 In the following table may be found an exhibit of the number of de- 
 cedents in the fifteen principal causes of death for twelve years, 1875 - 
 1886 inclusive, arranged in the order of their f atahty, together with the 
 sex, population to one death, and the annual average : — 
 
 Diseases. 
 
 No. OF Decedents. 
 
 Males. Females. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Pop'lation 
 
 to 
 1 Death. 
 
 Annual 
 Average. 
 
 Consumption 
 
 Pneumonia _ _ 
 
 Old Age 
 
 Heart Disease 
 
 Cancer 
 
 Apoplexy __-! 
 
 Cholera Infantum. 
 
 Typhoid fever 
 
 Paralysis 
 
 Tuberclosis 
 
 Lung Fever 
 
 Dropsy 
 
 Diphhteria 
 
 Scarlatina 
 
 Bright's Disease 
 
 22 
 18 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 8 
 11 
 
 32 
 
 17 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 54 
 35 
 30 
 35 
 21 
 19 
 18 
 18 
 14 
 12 
 11 
 10 
 9 
 6 
 
 1033 
 1305 
 1445 
 1721 
 1902 
 2007 
 2007 
 3581 
 8011 
 3285 
 3614 
 4015 
 6033 
 6033 
 
 4.5 
 3.9 
 3.5 
 3.1 
 1.7 
 1.6 
 1.5 
 1.5 
 1.2 
 1.0 
 0.9 
 0.8 
 0.8 
 0.5 
 0.5 
 
 Aggregate . 
 
 131 
 
 157 
 
 288 
 
 125.5 
 
 24 
 
 The whole number of decedents from all causes, during the twelve 
 years above named, was 541, or one among every 67 of the population: 
 consequently the number of decedents specified in the above table is 
 53.2 per cent of the entire mortality, the proportions of the sexes being 
 23.2 per cent, of males to 29 per cent of females. 
 
 From the foregoing table we glean a number of interesting facts. It 
 appears that consumption and other lung diseases and fevers comprise 
 a large per cent, of all the decedents. Consumption leads the above 
 list, as it ever has the lists of the registration reports of the State. The 
 
HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 181 
 
 decedents fi-om this disease are found at every period of life, but the 
 largest number succumb between the ages of twenty and thirty. It is 
 said that, if the seeds of death from this disease do not mature at forty, 
 the victims may run on to sixty or seventy. The foregoing table shows 
 that more than three-fifths of the whole number of decedents from this 
 disease were females. So long as this is a hereditary disease, the excess 
 of females is a sad commentary on the non-observance of those laws of 
 health which alone conduce to good health and long life. The customs 
 of society, the lack of open air exercise, the constant respiration of 
 vitiated air — ^heated to excess by the cremating stove, and poisoned by 
 the odors of cookery, or ill- ventilation in every apartment, especially in 
 sleeping rooms — all militate against customary or continuous good 
 health. I do not assume that the avoidance of, or entire removal from 
 these and kindred causes, will do more than diminish the mortality of 
 this disease when it is hereditary in character, but, with this, and all 
 kindred diseases, the ounce of prevention, which consists of a knowledge 
 and practice of the laws of health, will be worth more than the pound of 
 cure, oftentimes vainly sought for in the skill of learned pathologists but 
 never found in the nostrums that patent medicine imposters from 
 Warner down to those arrant knaves, retired clergymen, and nomadic 
 quacks, like Gage, flamingly advertise, and gain thrift by, simply 
 because their deluded victims, like drowning men, clutch at and cling 
 to straws, and with like results. 
 
 Old Age. — This is classed by Nosologists among Developmental 
 diseases. It is not properly termed a disease, though it is a fruitful 
 source of mortality. In many instances where death is attributed to old 
 age, or senility, the decedent had not attained to seventy years of age. 
 It seems probable that in these cases the decedents must have been 
 subject to constitutional disease of some kind. Many persons at seventy 
 ■ years of age have a greater prospective tenure of life than others have 
 at the age of fifty. Old age is, as a rule, the result of causes that con- 
 duce to long life, viz: — 
 
 Habits regular, and good, 
 Wholesome and nutritious food, 
 Exercise in open air, 
 Contentment and little care; 
 These, with cleanliness combined, 
 Win ensure to aU mankind 
 Health of body, health of mind; 
 These united, — I presage, — 
 Conserve life to good old age. 
 
183 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Premature old age is often the result of constitutional diseases, or it 
 may be the result of deep mental suffering, but, as a rule, it is caused 
 by habits of dissipation that tend to abbreviate life. 
 
 The number of decedents reported under the head of " Old Age " for 
 twelve years, 1875 to 1886 inclusive, was thirty. During this period 
 the number of decedents at the age of seventy and upward, including 
 two centenarians, was 149, while the whole number at seventy and 
 upward for thirty years, 1857-86, was 283 ; males 129, females 154. 
 The aggregate of their ages was 25,480 years, the averages being 
 respectively 79.5 of females and 79.1 males. The number of aged dece- 
 dents in the hill districts largely exceeded the number in the districts 
 bordering on the rivers. 
 
 In the following table the whole number of deaths that occurred in 
 town during a period of ten years, 1877-86, inclusive, are arranged by 
 months : — 
 
 SEX. 
 
 i 
 
 1-3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 B 
 
 I 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 a- 
 
 1 
 
 Male 
 
 16 
 18 
 
 18 
 13 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 18 
 
 10 
 13 
 
 18 
 31 
 
 24 
 26 
 
 26 
 29 
 
 24 
 30 
 
 17 
 19 
 
 15 
 33 
 
 330 
 
 Female 
 
 235 
 
 Aggregate ___ 
 
 34 
 
 31 
 
 52 
 
 31 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 39 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 44 
 
 36 
 
 38 
 
 465 
 
 From the above table it will be seen that March, August and Septem- 
 ber gave the greatest number of deaths, the aggregate being nearly 34 
 per cent, of the entire number. The mortality by seasons was as fol- 
 lows : Winter 103, per cent. 22.2 ; Spring 115, per cent. 24.7; Summer 
 112, per cent. 24.1; Autumn 135, per cent. 29. 
 
 In concluding this subject, I will say that it is assumed by statisticans 
 that a mortality of two per cent., or one death among every fifty indi- 
 viduals, may be fixed upon as a healthy and natural standard. The 
 greater number of the countries in the world, however, show a mor- 
 tality of about 2.5 per cent., or one death among every forty persons. 
 It will be noticed that the mortality of this town has been, since 1857, 
 only 1.5 per cent., or one .death among 65 persons. This is a wonderful 
 low mortality. The percentage of decedents of both sexes in Vermont 
 in 1884 was 1.57. 
 
 SANITARY MATTERS. 
 
 The early settlers adopted very stringent precautionary measures to 
 protect themselves from the ravaging effects of epidemic and contagious 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 183 
 
 diseases. The small-pox was their scourge for many years. Consump- 
 tion, catarrhal fevers, canker rash, and the dysentery were common, but 
 not as fatal as in some other sections of the State. The spotted fever 
 was epidemic in the years 1811-12, and carried off about sixty persons. 
 But no disease produced a couttauous feeling of alarm excepting the 
 small-pox. This was very much dreaded, for, where it did not prove 
 fatal, it disfigured the countenance and changed beauty into homeli- 
 ness. 
 
 Natural small-pox is a most fatal disease at aU periods of life ; the 
 most so in infancy and advanced life. The mortality in the natural 
 smallpox is from one-fifth to one-third of all it attacks. The practice 
 of inoculation, or the engrafting of the matter of small-pox, was effica- 
 cious in mitigating the danger and severity of the disease, in saving life 
 and preventing deformity. It is asserted that, with proper care, not one 
 in 1500 died of the engrafted disease. Other authorities say that " one 
 in 300 is the proportion of the inoculated that will surely die." The 
 practice of vaccination renders inoculation unnecessary, excepting in 
 . cases where no vacine matter is obtainable. 
 
 The smaU-pox caused a great commotion in this town in 1777, and the 
 action of the town authorities on the occasion was of a serio-comic na- 
 ture, calculated to excite a smile on the face of the reader of the records 
 of their proceedings at two meetings, viz : 
 
 " At a meeting of the iahabitants of the town of Hartford, verbally warned by 
 the committee of safety of said town, and holden at the dwelling house of Solo- 
 mon Strong, on Monday ye 7th day of February, 1777. Chosen — Col. Joseph 
 Marsh, Moderator. Voted unanimously, tliat we will not admit of the small-pox 
 being set up in this town by any persons! Chosen — Amos Robinson, Silas Hazen 
 and Samuel UdaU a committee to take care that the small pox is not introduced 
 into town." 
 
 The succeeding meeting seems to have been an indignation meeting 
 over the same subject. The unanimous vote of the February meeting 
 had failed to produce the desired effect. 
 
 " At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Hartford, verbally warned by 
 the committee of safety to meet at the house of Capt. Abel Marsh, on Monday, 
 17th day of March, A. D. 1777, to take into consideration the alarming conduct 
 of some persons belonging to this town and the town of Pomfret, in introducing 
 the small-pox into this town, contrary to a former unanimous vote of this, town 
 against the same: 
 
 Voted— To conflne both the persons who are infected with the small-pox and 
 John XJdall that has inti'oduced the small-pox into town. 
 
 Voted— That the committee be empowered to hire twelve men that have had 
 the smaJl-pox to guard said persons who have the small-pox. 
 
184 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Voted — To empower said committee to take sufficient bonds of John Udall for 
 Ms good behavior with regard to the small-pox — ^he paying the charges the town 
 has, or may be put to, on account of his inti-oducing the small-pox into town, or, 
 an liis refusing to give such bonds, to commit him to the county jail until he 
 san be tried by the county committee and make such satisfaction as they shall 
 award." 
 
 However ludicrous or however severe the action taken by the town 
 in this instance may seem to us, it should be remembered that, at the 
 time named, natural small-pox was the only existing form of the disease; 
 inoculation was the prevailing method of treating the disorder (the first 
 ease of vaccination being practiced very nearly twenty years later,) and 
 while the advantages of this practice were, to the individual, obvious, the 
 absolute mortality was increased for the reason that inoculation did not 
 serve to prevent contagion nor to eradicate pestilence, but, as before 
 remarked, simply mitigated the severity and danger of the disease. 
 These facts were potent to the early settlers, hence defensive measures 
 against the introduction of the dreadful disease were imperatively de- 
 manded, and compulsion in some form justifiable, especially if in the 
 least objectionable form of a fine. " Tho'," says an eminent authority, 
 '' it may be doubtful how far it is justifiable to compel a person to take 
 care of his own life, or that of his offspring, it can scarcely be disputed 
 that no one has a right to put in jeopardy the lives of his fellow crea- 
 tures." 
 
 At the present time the appearance of small-pox creates a furore not 
 less intense than that which was excited by the recurrence of the dis- 
 ease before medical science had rendered it less fatal in its effects. A 
 classified list of epidemic diseases, in the order of their fatality, may be 
 found on page 180 ante. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 NBCKOLOGT. 
 
 " Let not ye dead forgottonly 
 Least men forget that they must die." ' 
 
 The aspiration for immortality is common to all mankind. The 
 Almighty has bestowed upon the human race every requisite of a happy 
 life. " But, if life itself be pleasing, and even though there were no 
 existence beyond the grave, life might be still, by the benevolence of 
 Him who conferred it, have been rendered a source of pleasure; (a 
 pleasure made for the soul and the soul for that) it is not wonderful 
 that we should desire futurity, since futurity is only protracted life. 
 It would, indeed, have been worthy of our astonishment if man, loving 
 his present life, and knowing that it was to terminate in the space of a 
 few years, should not^have regretted the termination of what he loved ; 
 that is to say, should not have wished the continuance of it beyond the 
 period of its melancholy close. 
 
 , The universal desire then, even if the desire were universal, would 
 prove nothing but the goodness of Him who has made the realities of 
 life, or, if not the realities, the hopes of life, so pleasing that the mere 
 loss of what is possessed, or hoped, appears like a positive evil of the 
 most afl3.icting kind." " 
 
 " For who, to dumb forgetfubiess a prey, 
 This pleasing anxious being e'er resign'd. 
 Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day. 
 Nor cast one longing, ling'ring look behind ?" 
 
 — Oray's Elogy. 
 
 Akin to the desire for immortality, or continuance, is the desire of 
 memory, fame and celebration. We devoutly hope to share the atten- 
 tion of future times and that our names and deeds shall not be forgot- 
 ten. The consciousness that we are not to sink into oblivion, but that 
 after the close of our brief existence on earth, our bodies will be con- 
 signed to a resting-place amidst scenes of beauty, where our surviving 
 friends will erect some monument over us, expressive of their love, and 
 to perpetuate our memory, and will often plant or strew flowers on our 
 graves ; this will rob death of half its terrors. 
 
 'Epitaph on the grave-stone of Isaac Williams. Obit 1789. In cemetery on 
 south side of White river at White River Junction, adjacent to the Catholic cem- 
 etery. 
 
 ^ Dr. Brown's Moral Philosophy, Sec. 97. 
 
B6 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 It has been said that " so useful and elevating a contemplation as 
 lat of the soul's immortality cannot be resumed too often." In no 
 ther place will our minds be brought to such a contemplation so surely 
 s at the graves of our friends. It behooves us then to often visit the 
 allowed ground where they repose, and to beautify and make attrac- 
 Lve the places of their sepulture. 
 
 There are, at least, eleven cemeteries in Hartford, including two pri- 
 ate burial places. Four of the whole number are appropriately and 
 leasantly located and well-cared for, a few are in a deplorable condi- 
 Lon. In all there are more or less graves without head-stones, and 
 lany head-stones are broken, or in a dilapidated condition, that pre- 
 ludes the possibility of deciphering the inscriptions on them. This 
 tate of things is deprecable. Costly monuments are suitable to com- 
 lemorate the virtues, or the worthy deeds of good and great men, but 
 he graves of the humblest and kiost indigent of mortals should be 
 aarked by durable head-stones, and be as well cared for as those of 
 heir more fortunate fellow-beings. How this may be accomplished is 
 hown by the action of the late William S. Carter of Quechee. This 
 ;entleman was richly endowed with a sense of the proprieties of life, 
 ,nd possessed a noble and generous heart. He exemplified these quali- 
 ies by donating to the Quechee Cemetery Association, the sum of $500, . 
 he annual interest of which is to be expended in improving and em- 
 lellishing the cemetery at Quechee villiage. This beneficent deed — - 
 haracteristic of the man— is worthy of emulation by others. 
 
 It is impossible to determine in which of the cemeteries in this town 
 he first burials were made. Admitting that the first settlements were 
 ,t White River Junction, it does not follow that the first death or 
 Leaths occurred there, nor, if such was the fact, that the first dece- 
 lents were buried in the cemetery there. Many of the earliest settlers 
 vho died in the town, were taken to their native places for sepulture. 
 The graves of many of those who were first interred in the cemeteries 
 if the town, are without head-stones, and many head-stones bear no 
 nscriptions, while others are distinguished by initial letters only. Most 
 if the earlier settlers were in the prime of life, and but few deaths 
 (ccurred among them during the first twenty years succeeding the first 
 ettlement. Probably many children were interred on the home prem- 
 ses even after the establishment of burying-grounds. 
 
 The following lists of decedents comprise those whose graves are 
 narked with head-stones. I have personally visited every cemetery in 
 he town and copied the inscriptions from nearly every head-stone, but 
 lave omitted the names of children and youth with a few exceptions, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTB'OBD. 
 
 187 
 
 from these lists. The cemeteries are classified in the order in which 
 the first burial was made in each, and for convenience of reference the 
 burial-place of each decedent is given, also the year in which each per- 
 son died, arranged in chronological order. The number of decedents 
 in each cemetery, or burial-place, as shown in the following lists, is as 
 follows, viz.: Christian street, 123 ; Quechee village, 232 ; White 
 River Junction, south side of White river, 56 ; Delano cemetery (on 
 river road between O. M. Paine's and Harper Savage's), 80; centre of 
 the town, 54 ; Russtown, 51; private cemetery at West Hartford (near 
 W. H. Giles' house), 26; White River Junction, north side of White 
 river, 137 ; West Hartford, 12'7 ; Catholic, in White River Junction, 
 76 ; tomb, near David Wright's house, 6 ; private cemetery, near the 
 town poor house, 20 ; total, 814. 
 
 Figures on the left of name, signify date of death ; those on the 
 right signify the age of decedent. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1807 
 1813 
 
 CHRISTIAN STREET CEMETERY. 
 
 Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1823 
 1827 
 1837 
 1839 
 1840 
 1847 
 1859 
 1865 
 1869 
 1871 
 
 (I 
 
 1875 
 1792 
 1799 
 1809 
 1823 
 1833 
 1833 
 
 i( 
 
 1839 
 1853 
 1856 
 1861 
 1863 
 1875 
 1799 
 1813 
 1814 
 1813 
 1815 
 1823 
 1824 
 1830 
 
 BeU, Samuel 89 
 
 Bartholomew, Mabel P 37 
 
 Bartholomew , Noah 82 
 
 Burroughs, Mrs. Abigail 
 
 Burroughs, Rev. Eden 76 
 
 Boardman, Mercy 36 
 
 Bartholomew, Azubah 60 
 
 Brooks, Mrs. Mary 91 
 
 Bartholomew, Luther 83 
 
 Bartholomew, Diadama 73 
 
 Burton, Elijah H 53 
 
 Bartholomew, Delana S 54 
 
 Brockway, Wm. E 74 
 
 Bartholomew, Sheldon _ . 
 Bartholomew, Amos F._ 
 
 Bartholomew, Noah 
 
 Brockway, Mrs. Anna B_ 
 
 Chapman, Simeon 
 
 Chapman, Mrs. Alice. 
 
 81 
 71 
 70 
 84 
 69 
 77 
 
 Clark, Mrs. Sarah 95 
 
 Clark, Mrs. Deborah.. 77 
 
 Clark, Mrs. Lydia 79 
 
 Clark, Mitchell. 86 
 
 Clark, John 88 
 
 Clark, Mrs. Ruby 56 
 
 Clark, Mi-s. Betsy H 73 
 
 Crandall, Joseph 65 
 
 Clark, Hyde 83 
 
 Crandall, Mrs. Abigail 66 
 
 Carlisle, Charles 74 
 
 Dutton, Thomas 98 
 
 Dutton, John.... 71 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Hannah 37 
 
 Dutton, Thaddeus... 38 
 
 Dutton, Reuben 29 
 
 Dutton, Nathaniel 76 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Sarah 75 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Experience 54 
 
 1833 
 1838 
 1840 
 1843 
 
 1861 
 1867 
 1870 
 
 1873 
 1874 
 
 It 
 
 1875 
 1878 
 1885 
 
 1798 
 1813 
 1826 
 1811 
 1819 
 1831 
 1829 
 1839 
 1831 
 1835 
 
 it 
 
 1836 
 1839 
 
 1841 
 1844 
 1845 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 1868 
 
 Dutton, Asahel 64 
 
 Dutton, EUjah 62 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Emiline 32 
 
 Dutton, David 69 
 
 Dutton, Harriet 17 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Naomi 77 
 
 Dutton, Lorenzo 57 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Irean 74 
 
 Dutton, Dea. Alonzo 67 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Sarah 84 
 
 Dutton, Maria G. 57 
 
 Dutton , Thaddeus 60 
 
 Dutton, Thomas 78 
 
 Dutton, John. 72 
 
 Dutton, Mrs. Emily S 64 
 
 Dudley, Mrs. PoUy (Gibbs) 
 
 Newton 75 
 
 Fuller, Mrs. Mariah 73 
 
 Fox, John 55 
 
 Fox, Chester 43 
 
 Fuller, Archippus 91 
 
 Gillett, Roger .53 
 
 GUlett, Mrs. Susan.. 77 
 
 Gillett, Lieut. Israel 91 
 
 GiUett, John 85 
 
 Gillett, Mrs. Ruby 58 
 
 Gillett, Mrs. Jemima 86 
 
 GiUett, Israel, 2d 58 
 
 Gillett LauraG.. 36 
 
 GUlett, Johns 34 
 
 GUlett, Dea. Wm 42 
 
 GiUett, BUla 70 
 
 GiUett, Justus. 39 
 
 GiUett Mrs. Harriet B 45 
 
 GiUett, Carlos D 17 
 
 Gillett, Mrs. Mary 76 
 
 Gillett, Mrs. Elizabeth 66 
 
 GiUett, Jasper A 29 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 ear. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 178 GiUett, Nathan - - - 75 
 
 i83 GiUett, Azro 76 
 
 187 GiUett, Henry 38 
 
 " GiUett, Enos 41 
 
 '82 Hazen, Thomas, 3d_ 63 
 
 '96 Hazen, Joshua_- 51 
 
 102 Hazen, Mrs. Ann 76 
 
 113 Hazen, SUas 32 
 
 114 Hazen, Daniel 58 
 
 119 Hazen, Asa _. 69 
 
 120 Hazen, Mrs. Susannah 62 
 
 124 Hazen, Mrs. Mercy _ _ _ 76 
 
 Hazen, Susan __ 26 
 
 127 Hazen, Mrs. Theodora 65 
 
 129 Hazen, Hezekieih 74 
 
 130 Hazen, Franklin 35 
 
 ;35 Hazen, Thomas, 4th 77 
 
 137 Hazen, Mrs. Eleanor 67 
 
 141 Hazen, Mrs. Amy 43 
 
 145 Hazen, Mrs. OUve 85 
 
 ' Hazen, Philemon 79 
 
 147 Hazen, Mrs. Abigail 47 
 
 !49 Hazen, Capt. Solomon 89 
 
 i52 Hazen, Mrs. Kezia_ 75 
 
 Hazen, Mrs. Parthena 60 
 
 !53 Hazen, Mrs. Sarah M 90 
 
 !54 Hazen, Rev. Austin 68 
 
 !57 Hazen, Mrs. Lora ._, 73 
 
 !58 Hazen, Reuben_ 75 
 
 171 Hazen, Allen 76 
 
 173 Hazen, Alvin 81 
 
 ' Hazen, Mrs. Hannah , 73 
 
 174 Hazen, Celinda 55 
 
 Hazen, Daniel, 2d __ 79 
 
 i79 Hazen, Mrs. Hannah D 75 
 
 184 Hazen, Nelson S___ _- 59 
 
 !87 Hazen, Elijah 91 
 
 !02 Ingraham, Jeremiah 54 
 
 !27 Latham, John 79 
 
 ' ' Latham, Mrs. Esther 
 
 !28 Mosely, Prince _ _ _ 75 
 
 115 Newton, EUzabeth. _ 35 
 
 123 Newton, Mrs. Laurena 39 
 
 139 Newton, David 87 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. 
 
 1849 Newton, Sheldon 75 
 
 1854 Newton, Mrs. Catherine. -_ 68 
 1856 Nevrton, Abner 69 
 
 " Nott, Hiram 66 
 
 1865 Newton, David, 2d 87 
 
 1867 Newton, Mrs. Sabriel _ 75 
 
 1868 Newton, Andrew. __ _ 88 
 
 1870 Newton, Lucy-. --.-,. 79 
 
 1871 Nott, Mrs. Susan S 79 
 
 1872 Newton, Elizabeth __ 82 
 
 1818 Pease, Mrs. Hannah 96 
 
 Pease, Christopher 
 
 1836 Pixley, Mrs. Eunice 62 
 
 1827 Pixley, Capt. Wm 76 
 
 1871 Pike, Hezekiah 65 
 
 1775 Redington, Mi-s. Dorothy . _ 75 
 
 1812 Richards, Joel 45 
 
 1827 Reynolds, Lucy. 42 
 
 1828 Richards, Gardner 16 
 
 1855 Richards, Mrs. Merriam S. 82 
 
 1798 Savage, Thomas 84 
 
 1823 Savage, Mrs. Rhoda 65 
 
 1827 Smith, CaroUne 16 
 
 1829 Smith, Lieut. Seth 78 
 
 1831 Sprague, Mrs. Clarissa 61 
 
 1835 Sanborn, Mrs. Clarinda...- 29 
 
 1856 Sprague, Philip 91 
 
 " Strong, Orange 54 
 
 1861 Smith, Mrs. Susanna 78 
 
 1869 Shephardson, Mrs. Mar- 
 
 garet .- 79 
 
 1872 Spaulding, Rulof 76 
 
 1876 Sprague, Jedediah 72 
 
 1880 Spaulding, Mr-s. Dorothy. . . 85 
 
 1884 Savage, Jasper H 44 
 
 1838 Tenney, Homer 36 
 
 1832 Tenney, Harper 36 
 
 1835 Tracy, James, 2d 55 
 
 1840 Tenney, Mrs. Rebecca 70 
 
 1852 Tracy, Mrs. Mary 74 
 
 1794 Wright, Mrs. Ann 64 
 
 1803 Wright; Benjamin, 2d 67 
 
 1844 Waterman, Ezra 51 
 
 1857 WUson, Mrs. PoUy. 78 
 
 CEMETERY AT QTJECHY VILLAGE. 
 
 ear. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 '77 
 
 '87 
 '97 
 101 
 102 
 105 
 
 it 
 
 106 
 107 
 !09 
 
 (10 
 
 Strong, Mary 44 
 
 UdaU, Abigail 
 
 Marsh, Mary B 85 
 
 Pitkin, Thomas W 37 
 
 Demmon, Levi 
 
 Marsh, Elisha 35 
 
 Bramble, DeaAbel 87 
 
 Case, Hubbard W 79 
 
 UdaU, Samuel 67 
 
 Thomas, Esther 56 
 
 CaU, James 79 
 
 Bramble, Lucy 32 
 
 Porter, Mary 51 
 
 Humphrey, AUce 51 
 
 Marsh, Dorothy 78 
 
 1810 
 
 1811 
 1813 
 
 1814 
 
 1816 
 
 1818 
 1820 
 1821 
 
 Ransom, Daniel 47 
 
 UdaU, Olive --. 64 
 
 Marsh, Joseph 85 
 
 Bramble, WiUiam 44 
 
 Dewey, Sherman 40 
 
 Porter, WUIiam 68 
 
 Shattuck, Jerusha ..- 48 
 
 HaU, Esther. 45 
 
 HaU, Rebecca 78 
 
 Pease, Dr. Leonard 27 
 
 Hagar,EUza 53 
 
 Sessions , Melinda 30 
 
 Bramble,' Oman , 43 
 
 Marsh, Mary 1 84 
 
 Russ, Benjamin 61 
 
HISTORY OP' HARTFORD. 
 
 189 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. 
 
 1833 Braley, Wing ._-. 38 1843 
 
 " Bramble, EUzabeth _.- 79 " 
 
 " Wheelock, Luke 71 
 
 1833 Mai-sh, Elisha 87 
 
 " Pease, Rebecca --. 71 " 
 
 " Pease, Sarah 67 
 
 1835 Udall, Lydia; 83 
 
 " Wheelock, Esther 73 1848 
 
 1836 Braley, Sarah 45 
 
 1837 Bramble, Capt. Wm 86 1844 
 
 " Foster, Fordyce 47 1844 
 
 1837 Fui-ber, Abigail 63 
 
 " Hall, Liberty-... .. 53 
 
 " Tinkham, PoUy 43 1845 
 
 1838 Dimock, Paul 34 1846 
 
 " Marsh, Eunice 58 " 
 
 " Porter, Eliot. 70 1847 
 
 ' ' Richardson, Thomas 85 " 
 
 1839 Howe, Rhoda 61 
 
 " Howe, Steward. 67 
 
 " Marsh, Daniel 69 " 
 
 1830 Braley, Mary 77 1848 
 
 " Jones, Lemuel 33 " 
 
 " Udall, James 76 
 
 1831 GaUup, Joseph... 83 
 
 " Hall, Esther 41 
 
 " Porter, Amedia 67 1849 
 
 1833 Paige, John 57 
 
 " Ransom, Ruth 76 " 
 
 1834 Dewey, Joshua 91 1850 
 
 " Dimock, Joab 59 1851 
 
 " Harrington, Dr. Abel 25 1853 
 
 " Lamphire, Harry 41 " 
 
 1835 Richardson, Esther 83 
 
 " Udall, Anstes- 73 
 
 .1836 Furbur, Nathaniel 74 1853 
 
 " Flint, Eliza 37 " 
 
 1837 Marsh, Joseph 81 
 
 1838 Lucas, Elisha 75 
 
 " Pease, Samuel 88 1854 
 
 " Raymond, Mary. 61 1855 
 
 " Sessions, Capt. Sanford 44 " 
 
 " Stevens, Mai-y A 38 " 
 
 " Stevens, Ziba. .- .■ 52 
 
 1839 Barron, Susan 39 " 
 
 " BuHard, Asa 87 
 
 " Demnaon, Dorcas 88 " 
 
 " Dutton, OUver 73 1856 
 
 " Dewey, Mary 89 " 
 
 " Eddy, Lucy 34 1857 
 
 " Pitkin, Mary 57 
 
 " Sears, Edwin M.. 30 
 
 " Smith, Jonathan 73 1858 
 
 1840 Blanchard, Nancy 38 " 
 
 " HaU, Jacob 93 
 
 " HaU, Willis 36 
 
 " Sessions, Darius: 63 " 
 
 • ■' Strong, William 77 
 
 1841 Marsh, Erepta 83 
 
 Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 Bullard, Marcy 71 
 
 Ohamplin, Content.. 84 
 
 Ethex-idge, Wm. C 37 
 
 Jennings, Wm 55 
 
 Pease, Christopher. 91 
 
 Udall, Mehitabel 70 
 
 Whitman,Wm 80 
 
 Barron, Betsy 77 
 
 Lamphire, Harriet 45 
 
 Colbm-n, David. 83 
 
 Marsh, Isaac 75 
 
 Parsons, John 63 
 
 UdaU, Wm. Wallace 33 
 
 Demmon, Aurelia F 41 
 
 Colbui-n, Sarah 83 
 
 Eddy, Sarah A 36 
 
 Alexander, Quartus 86 
 
 Lamphire, Lucy Ann 33 
 
 Lucas, Rebecca 80 
 
 Shattuck, Ephraim. 75 
 
 Lucas, Elisha 80 
 
 BuUard, Asa G 33 
 
 Carlisle, Horace 37 
 
 Champlin, Wm 91 
 
 Demmon, Altheda 68 
 
 Russ,01ive 83 
 
 Braley, John 65 
 
 Hall, Martha .... 63 
 
 Thomas , Nathaniel 74 
 
 Thomas, Abbam 29 
 
 Hagar, Jason 60 
 
 Ames, Rebecca 70 
 
 Dexter, Lucinda 24 
 
 Dutton, Huldah 78 
 
 Thomas, Esther 50 
 
 Barron, Chloe 85 
 
 Blanchard, Wm. D 37 
 
 Braley, Susannah 54 
 
 Bramble, Emma 73 
 
 Dimmick, Anna 75 
 
 Marsh, Mrs. Boyde 47 
 
 HaU, Lucy 62 
 
 Paige, Elizabeth 76 
 
 Richardson, Lionel 77 
 
 Rock, Maria A 37 
 
 Shattuck, Rebecca 72 
 
 Trescott, Wm 73 
 
 BuUard, Reuben 86 
 
 Thomas, Esther W 77 
 
 GaUup, Sally 75 
 
 Wheelock, Jonathan 73 
 
 Parsons, Laura.. 71 
 
 Dean, Harrison 34 
 
 Lucas, Zilpha. 63 
 
 Marsh, Gratia 73 
 
 Raymond, May.. 61 
 
 Shattuck, Sophia 80 
 
 Whitman, Thirza 77 
 
w 
 
 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 'ear. Name of Decedent. Age. Year, 
 
 359 BuUard, Pliebe 88 1873 
 
 " Edgerton, Ariel 70 " 
 
 " Waldron Eliza 37 
 
 B60 Alexander, Mary 90 
 
 " Dutton, Ariel. 65 
 
 " Strong, Abigail H 88 
 
 " Trescott, Susan 78 1873 
 
 861 Demmon, Eoswell 72 " 
 
 " Pitkin, Thomas W 88 
 
 " Porter, Luther 83 
 
 862 Braley, Elder Asa 83 1874 
 
 " Udall, Lionel 83 1875 
 
 863 Gushing, Lucinda 69 " 
 
 " Dutton, Belinda 69 
 
 '• Pitkin, Olive.. .1 47 1876 
 
 " Tewksbury, Deborah 64 " 
 
 864 Barron, Sally 75 
 
 " Case, Phileta 55 
 
 " Clough, Robert 74 1877 
 
 " Eddy, James 54 " 
 
 Newton, Francis 89 " 
 
 " Newton, Lois P 87 1878 
 
 865 Stevens, Nancy H 80 
 
 " Strong, Jasper 67 " 
 
 866 Burtch, Isaac 88 
 
 " Gushing, Sarah 36 " 
 
 " Shattuck, Albert L 38 
 
 ' ' Tewksbury, Mills 69 1879 
 
 867 Kenyon, Benjamin 79 
 
 " Strong, Thomas J 55 
 
 " UdaU, James 88 
 
 868 Foster, Ehzabeth 85 1880 
 
 " Wolcott, Elizabeth 85 
 
 869 Gushing, Theopilus 78 1883 
 
 " Hutchinson, Betsy H 73 1883 
 
 870 Dutton, Harriet Ann 47 
 
 " Hagar, Ahnina 78 1884 
 
 " Nash, Louisa 73 
 
 " Richardson, Glarissa 85 1885 
 
 871 Burclr, Hannah 80' 
 
 " Dewey, Elisha 63 1886 
 
 " Fogg, Hannah 85 " 
 
 " Spalding,' Eliza D 63 1887 
 
 Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 Clough, Susan 72 
 
 Hall, Lucinda 94 
 
 Harrington, EU.. 71 
 
 Herron, Catherine M 75 
 
 Jennings, Jane 80 
 
 Spalding, Uriel 64 
 
 Boyd, James 76 
 
 Demmon, Levi 93 
 
 Dimmick, Jacob 83 
 
 Dimmick, Susan 83 
 
 Richardson, Abigail 88 
 
 Bethel, Jane 103 
 
 Dewey, Emily 68 
 
 Marsh, Roswell 83 
 
 Barron, Benjamin 89 
 
 Piatt, James H 77 
 
 Piatt, Sophia R 76 
 
 Shattuck, Betsy E 81 
 
 Barron, Rufus 71 
 
 GroweU, Sarah N 53 
 
 Winslow, Warren W 53 
 
 Alexander, Consider 78 
 
 Harlow, Mary 77 
 
 Humphrey, Nelsoli 69 
 
 King, Alice 53 
 
 Newton, Hannah 81 
 
 Parkhurst, Rudolph 74 
 
 Dutton, Daniel. 79 
 
 Kenyon, Alvin 63 
 
 Thomas, Betsv 63 
 
 Udall, Sophia b.C". 87 
 
 Pitkin, Thomas W. Jr 78 
 
 Shattuck, MarindaA .31 
 
 Dutton, Sarah A 59 
 
 Bragg, RuthTinkham 73 
 
 Porter, Anna 86 
 
 Carlisle, Lucinda 65 
 
 Perrin; Cahsta "77 
 
 Alexander , EmUyH 79 
 
 Harrington 77 
 
 Dewey, A. G 80 
 
 Porter, John 88 
 
 Hudson , Jonathan B 58 
 
 CBMBTBET AT WHITE RIVER JUNCTION. 
 
 South side White River adjacent to Catholic Cemetery. 
 
 fear. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 Robinson, Amos 78 
 
 Kibbe, Capt. EHjah 49 
 
 Gillett, Nathaniel 43 
 
 Bugbee, Mrs. Sarah 93 
 
 Waterman , John O. 63 
 
 King, Mrs. Sarah M 
 
 Bugbee , Ben j amin 60 
 
 King, Daniel. -67 
 
 Lord, Matilda 39 
 
 Brooks, Elam 58 
 
 Bugbee, Mrs. Lois 70 
 
 Bugbee, Mrs. Olvard 48 
 
 King, Mrs. Sarah 85 
 
 Kibbe, Austin 40 
 
 Patch, William 34 
 
 780 Robinson, Mrs. Daborough. 44 1813 
 
 785 Pinneo, Daniel Jr 14 " 
 
 789 WiUiams, Isaac... 71 1813 
 
 790 Wright, Policy 29 1815 
 
 798 WiUiams, Mrs. Rachel 81 ' " 
 
 Wright, Benjamin 83 1817 
 
 799 Cone, Samuel 34 1830 
 
 800 Wright, Keturah 89 1835 
 
 803 Wright, Capt. Jonathan. . . 48 
 
 804 Bennett, Jonathan 55 1837 
 
 805 Pease, Mrs. Sally 18 
 
 806 Bennett, Roswell 35 1830 
 
 808 Bubgee, Nathaniel ... 96 
 
 81 1 Terry, Mrs. Dorothy 40 1843 
 
 Warner, Mahitabel 37 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 191 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. 
 
 1844 Kibbe, Mrs. Hannali 49 1864 
 
 1848 Pinneo, Charles.. 80 1865 
 
 Pinneo, Mrs. Charles 81 1866 
 
 1854 Patch, Mrs. Adeline W.... 39 
 Pmneo, Daniel 56 1867 
 
 1855 Kneeland, Edward 34 1868 
 
 Paddleford, George 53 
 
 1858 King, Daniel 73 1869 
 
 1860 Ford, Jessie A 43 1870 
 
 1863 Chamberlin, Mrs. Hai-riet 
 
 Tucker 38 1871 
 
 Kneeland, Edward 80 1871 
 
 Nutt, Mrs. Ruth A 39 1879 
 
 " Pinneo, Mrs. Martha C... 65 
 
 Name of Decedent, 
 
 Bugbee, Olvard 89 
 
 Clark, Mrs. Altha 57 
 
 KJneeland, Mrs. Charity 86 
 
 Goss, Mrs. Mary Ann 35 
 
 Griffin, Albert 33 
 
 Patch, Charles W 3.> 
 
 Porter, Mrs. Rachel 69 
 
 Kneeland, Mrs. Delia A... 44 
 
 Nutt, Mrs. Hannah K 73 
 
 Smith, Hubbard L. 37 
 
 Nutt, Col. Samuel 79 
 
 Pinneo, Cliarles 75 
 
 Chilson, Mrs. Judith A 39 
 
 This cemetery comprises the graves of a portion of the Protestant 
 population who have died in White River Junction since 1846, 
 together with those who were transferred in 1846 from the old bury-- 
 ing-ground, then appropriated to the use of the Vermont Central rail- 
 road, which contained about two acres, and was located on lot "No. 4," 
 drawn to the original right of Joshua Pomeroy, in the 1st division of 
 lots in 1761. 
 
 DELANO CEMETERY. 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Near G. H. Savage's. 
 
 Age. Year. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Wliite, Noadiah ■' 71 
 
 White, Mrs. Mary « 74 
 
 Delano, Mrs. Lusina 46 
 
 WalUng, Ezekiel 34 
 
 Fenno, Joseph 65 
 
 Pixley, Benjamin Jr 39 
 
 Bartholomew, Daniel 44 
 
 Hazen, Mrs. Luoretia 53 
 
 Noble, Shadrack 85 
 
 Culver, James... 71 
 
 Fenno, Ralph 36 
 
 Prouty, Lucy... 60 
 
 Tilden, Stephen Jr 73 
 
 Whitney, EU 34 
 
 Carlisle, David . . 45 
 
 Marsh, Eliphalet 86 
 
 Frink, Nathan 34 
 
 Whitney, Dan 25 
 
 Delano, Mrs. Abigail 58 
 
 Doubleday, Asahel 31 
 
 Dustin, Nathaniel 57 
 
 MiUer, Sylvanus C 31 
 
 ' This cemetery is in a deplorable condition. A few head stones are lying upon 
 the ground. Several graves have no head-stones. Several head-stones bear no 
 inscriptions whatever. For these reasons I have deemed it expedient to copy all 
 legible inscriptions, excepting those on the head-stones of the graves of young chil- 
 dren, that some memory of the place of burial of those interred in this cemetery 
 may be preserved. 
 
 'A pine tree, nearly eighteen inches in diameter and about fifty feet in height, has 
 grown out of the graves of Noadiah White and his wife, a growth attained in the 
 space of about fifty years. 
 
 1790 
 
 Powell, Mrs. Mary Anne 
 
 39 
 
 1816 
 
 1797 
 
 Tilden, Mrs. Roxalany 
 
 33 
 
 " 
 
 1801 
 
 Powell, Rowland .■ 
 
 70 
 
 1818 
 
 1803 
 
 Savage, Mrs. MoUy 
 
 45 
 
 1831 
 
 1806 
 
 Powell, Mrs. Mary Ann 
 
 77 
 
 1833 
 
 1807 
 
 Pixley, William 
 
 
 1883 
 
 1808 
 
 Savage, Alice 
 
 33 
 
 1833 
 
 (( 
 
 Cushman, Mrs. Bethsheba. 
 
 57 
 
 (( 
 
 1810 
 
 Richardson, Amos 
 
 68 
 
 f ( 
 
 1811 
 
 Delano, Jonathan 
 
 79 
 
 1884 
 
 it 
 
 Dustin, Mrs. Elcy 
 
 30 
 
 " 
 
 1813 
 
 Sprague, Daniel 
 
 38 
 
 1886 
 
 1813 
 
 Bartholomew, Bethen 
 
 30 
 
 ii 
 
 ii 
 
 Camp, Lucy 
 
 34 
 
 ii 
 
 li 
 
 Dunham, Mrs. Sally 
 
 39 
 
 1888 
 
 ii 
 
 Munsil, Dan'lG 
 
 30 
 55 
 
 it 
 
 (I 
 
 Munsil, Eliakim 
 
 1889 
 
 it 
 
 Munsil, Eliakim, Jr 
 
 38 
 
 " 
 
 (I 
 
 Pixlpy, Benja.min 
 
 68 
 
 1831 
 
 (( 
 
 Whitcomb, Mrs. Ohloe 
 
 52 
 
 
 1814 
 
 Munsil, Mrs. Hannah 
 
 54 
 
 1833 
 
 1816 
 
 Delano, Mrs. Ann 
 
 83 
 
 1834 
 
92 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 Teai'. 
 
 835 
 836 
 837 
 
 838 
 841 
 
 it 
 
 843 
 848 
 846 
 
 847 
 849 
 850 
 
 851 
 853 
 855 
 
 Name of Decedents. Age. 
 
 Noble, Mrs. Lucy 91 
 
 Pixley , Mrs. Celia 83 
 
 Pixley, Mrs. Mary 76 
 
 Tracy, Mrs; Clarissa 46 
 
 Dodge, Clarissa H 19 
 
 Savage, Mrs. Clara 71 
 
 Savage, Thomas 83 
 
 Frink, Mrs. Debby 76 
 
 Delano, Sarepta C 15 
 
 Savage, Amanda M 37 
 
 Worth, Mrs. Clarissa L 25 
 
 Delano, Emily C 31 
 
 Prouty, Burpee 87 
 
 Gates,MaryE ._.___._ 38 
 
 Redlngton, Mrs. Olive 75 
 
 Tenney, Russell. - 18 
 
 Delano, Zebulon 84 
 
 Gates, George H 19 
 
 Prouty, Mrs. Mai-tha. . : 77 
 
 Year. Name of Decedents. Age. 
 
 1855 Tenney, Reuben 57 
 
 1856 Cutting, Palmer . .-; 70 
 
 1857 Gates, George 50 
 
 1858 Tenney, Jasper. 30 
 
 1859 Frink, Calvin 92 
 
 1860 Delano, Zebulon W 68 
 
 " Fenno, Mrs. Margaret 93 
 
 Tilden, Mrs. ArabeUa L 47 
 
 1863 Howe, Mrs. Abby L 69 
 
 1865 Tracy, John 80 
 
 1867 Carlisle, Mrs. Sa;rah 83 
 
 TUden, Mrs. Elizabeth 91 
 
 Tilden, Jed Norton 67 
 
 1870 Cutting, Mrs. Hannah 85 
 
 1877 Tenney, Mrs. PoUy Savage. 78 
 
 1880 Tracy, Mrs. Mary 50 
 
 1887 Tracy, James Carlton ) 70 
 
 Since Removed to Vernon, 
 N. Y. 
 
 CBNTEB TOWN CEMETERY. 
 
 fear. Name of Decedents. Age. Year. Name of Decedents. Age. 
 
 798 Smith, Mrs. Anne. 74 
 
 800 Eider, Peter 85 1837 
 
 " Strong, Solomon 71 
 
 801 Tracy, Mrs. EUzabeth 78 1843 
 
 803 Tracy, Capt. Andrew 48 1844 
 
 809 Smith, John 53 1848 
 
 813 Gates, Noadiali 70 1849 
 
 " BUss, David 77 
 
 813 Tilden, Stephen 89 1850 
 
 " Whitney, Dea. Jonathan... 53 1851 
 
 814 Tracy, Mrs. Sarah 53 
 
 816 BaU (Ensign), Absolom 36 1853 
 
 817 Wood, James 60 1855 
 
 " Tracy, Mrs. Rizpah. 45 1857 
 
 831 Tracy, Thomas 95 1859 
 
 833 Sti-ong, Mrs. Mary 81 1863 
 
 " Rowland, Sylvester 23 1864 
 
 .834 Ti-acy, Mrs. Mary 71 1865 
 
 .838 Eider, Alva. 29 1867 
 
 .839 Ti-acy , Dea. Joseph 65 1869 
 
 .881 Dimmick, Mi-s. Sibbel 83 1871 
 
 " Morse,CadyC 44 1873 
 
 .833 Strong, Jedediah 80 1878 
 
 .833 Dimmick, Philip. 84 1879 
 
 .834 Gates, Mi-s. Martha 88 
 
 " Tracy, James 74 1880 
 
 .885 Eowland, Mrs. Sarah 66 1888 
 
 Woodward, EUhu 80 
 
 Sleeper, Dudley 65 
 
 Strong, Mrs. Mary 
 
 Bliss, Jabez 66 
 
 Tilden, Mrs. Susannah 66 
 
 Strong, Mrs. Euth 89 
 
 Tilden, Capt. Josiali 89 
 
 Phelps, Cadwell 84 
 
 Tracy, Mi-s. Mercy 87 
 
 Gage,' James 71 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Sai'ah 84 
 
 Phelps, Mrs. Jane 77 
 
 Fogg, Ebenezer 69 
 
 Gage, Mrs. Clarissa. . ; 74 
 
 Marston, Jacob 81 
 
 Champion, Mrs. Harriet 76 
 
 Case, Amos 63 
 
 Sleeper, Joseph 60 
 
 Shalhes, Joseph 84 
 
 Majrston, Mrs. Phebe 81 
 
 Eider, Mrs. Sophia 68 
 
 Elmer, Mai-tin C 83 
 
 Morse, Mrs. Sarah C 86 
 
 Euss, Mrs. Lois W 90 
 
 Champion, John 86 
 
 ShaUies, Mrs. Mary C 80 
 
 Sleeper, Mrs. Lucy 72 
 
 STear. 
 
 :802 
 1804 
 :805 
 1809 
 1813 
 [830 
 
 [831 
 
 EDSS-TOWN CEMETERY. 
 
 Name of Decedents. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Morgan, Joseph.. 39 
 
 Rust, Mrs. Lucy 73 
 
 Rust, Matthew 77 
 
 Russ, Lemuel, Sen 43 
 
 Euss, NieL. 56 
 
 Packard, Mrs. Eunice 29 
 
 Try on, Capt'. Stephen 45 
 
 Johnson, Mrs. Mary 71 
 
 Age. 
 
 1834 Rust, Mrs. Mary 35 
 
 " Rust, Mrs. PoUy Jennings.. 35 
 
 1826 Johnson, Mrs. Lucy 37 
 
 1827 Russ, Mrs. Submit 57 
 
 1829 Huntington, Mrs. Mary 62 
 
 1839 Russ, Mrs. Betsy. 45 
 
 1831 Rust, Mrs. Mai-y 78 
 
 1832 Rust, Phineas. 78 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 193 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1838 Neal, Oscar M 14 
 
 1839 Neal, Mrs. Cynthia L 45 
 
 1845 Neal, Orson 26 
 
 " Rust, Lemuel, Jr 36 
 
 " Rust, Mrs. Rebecca 79 
 
 " Rust, William. _ 45 
 
 1846 Fish, Otis -... 61 
 
 1850 Neal, EmUy 23 
 
 1853 Bai-den, Mrs. PoUy 70 
 
 " Johnson, Ulyssis 70 
 
 1854 Fish, Louisa M 22 
 
 ' ' Jennings , Clarinda M 33 
 
 1855 Russ, Mi-s. Laura P 48 
 
 1859 Barden, EUjah 76 
 
 1861 Russ, Mrs. Ruby 63 
 
 1862 Dewey, Mrs. Rhoda_ 82 
 
 1863 HiUiard, James 36 
 
 " Russ, Mrs. Susan S 34 
 
 " Woodward, Mrs. Rhoda 89 
 
 1864 Russ, Horace P 17 
 
 ' ' Johnson, Mrs. Mary 81 
 
 Year. 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 1873 
 1878 
 1879 
 1881 
 1884 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 Huntoon, Jane A 16 
 
 Tryon, Stephen, Jr 60 
 
 Dewey, James 91 
 
 Neal, Alfred 73 
 
 Russ, Phineas- 70 
 
 Ti-yon, Mrs. Abigail 94 
 
 Neal, Mrs. Lucy B 66 
 
 Huntoon, Joshua 82 
 
 Russ, Mrs. Phebe 64 
 
 HiUiard, IvoH 18 
 
 Russ, Orson. __ 77 
 
 Russ, Jeremiah 88 
 
 Russ, Mrs. Pemilia 87 
 
 Badger, Mrs. Charlott B... 68 
 
 Neal, John 84 
 
 HUHard, Mrs. Lucy A 53 
 
 Russ, Arthur- E. . 23 
 
 Huntoon, Mrs. Deborah 99 
 
 Russ, Mrs. Lucy M _.- 50 
 
 Russ, Mrs. Sarah 78 
 
 PRIVATE CEMETERY, WEST HARTFORD (BY W. H. GILES'.) 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 1817 Savage, Francis W 55 
 
 1819 Richardson, Mrs. Relief 38 
 
 1830 Ingraham, Mrs. Lois 38 
 
 1826 Hazen, Mrs. DoUy 31 
 
 1^38 Ingraham, Mrs. Anna 43 
 
 1834 Ingraham, Thomas 33 
 
 ' ' Richardson, Electa 42 
 
 1837 Newton, Mrs. Ermina 37 
 
 1838 FuUer, Ehza C 36 
 
 " WiUs, NoahL 30 
 
 1839 Camp, Abel 83 
 
 1842 Bartholomew, Simeon H_.. 38 
 
 1844 Culver, Mrs. Susannah D... 84 
 
 " Dutton, Mrs. Nancy Wilson 34 
 
 Year. 
 
 1847 
 1848 
 1851 
 1853 
 1855 
 1858 
 
 it 
 
 1863 
 1869 
 
 1874 
 1B79 
 1881 
 1885 
 
 Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Savage, Mrs. Abigail Hazen 79 
 
 Wliitcomb, Orra... 76 
 
 Camp, Mrs. Katurah Tucker 51 
 
 Hazen, David _ _ 63 
 
 Whitcomb, Alonzo 43 
 
 Ingraham, Dr. David 78 
 
 ■Downing, Ellen 13 
 
 Whitcomb, WUhs (soldier). 25 
 Downer, Mrs. Abigail Sav- 
 age 79 
 
 Ingraham, Mrs. Mary 
 
 Hazen, Mrs. Nancy Savage. 
 Whitcomb, Mrs. Harriet L. 
 Hazen, Mary Frances 61 
 
 83 
 71 
 
 WHITE RIVER JUNCTION CEMETERY. 
 
 North Side of White River. 
 Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1819 Pease, Mrs. Eunice 58 1843 
 
 1830 Knowlton, Wm..._ 53 
 
 1833 Bailey, Mrs. Polly 54 
 
 1824 Gere, Nathan 50 1843 
 
 1829 Marsh, Mrs. Mary 54 " 
 
 1830 Lyman, EUas 3d 62 1844 
 
 1831 Marsh, Roger 64 
 
 1833 TrumbuU, David 60 
 
 1834 Brown, Amos 54 1845 
 
 1835 Bailey, Mrs. Phebe.- 60 
 
 ' ' Bugbee, Mrs. Betsy 68 1846 
 
 1837 Grout, Mrs. Hannah 51 1847 
 
 " Lyman, Lewis 46 " 
 
 1838 Grout, John __ _. 60 
 
 1839 Bailey, Samuel -. 84 
 
 1840 Brown, Mrs. Polly 56 
 
 13 
 
 Age. 
 
 Bailey, Judah 72 
 
 Francis, Thomas 72 
 
 Rowell, Thomas 75 
 
 Leavitt, Freegrace 79 
 
 Porter, Mrs. Harriet P 43 
 
 Gere, Mrs. Nancy 64 
 
 Lyman, Mrs. Anna. 72 
 
 White, Jonathan C 64 
 
 Cobb, Nathan 82 
 
 Cobb, Mrs. Lydia Bliss 80 
 
 Wright, Dr. Dan... 69 
 
 Bailey, Dan .-. 42 
 
 Bailey, Mm. Mary 83 
 
 Cobb, Nathan Jr , 58 
 
 Ham, Mrs. Betsy 73 
 
 Hoit, Benj. J.. 65 
 
194 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. 
 
 1847 Sturtevant, George - 72 1867 
 
 1848 Hunter, Jabesh 79 1868 
 
 " UdaU, Bani_ 63 
 
 1849 Bugbee, Jonathan 84 
 
 " Snow, James.-- 48 " 
 
 " SturteTant, Foster 48 " 
 
 1850 Francis, Mrs. Max-y 73. 1869 
 
 ' ' Bugbee, Mrs. Mabel - - 77 
 
 " Nichols, Mrs. Almira- 51 1870 
 
 " TUden, Asa 82 
 
 1851 Bugbee, Jonathan - - . - 56 1871 
 
 1853 Wales, Mrs. Amanda 63 
 
 1853 AUard, Lemuel 50 
 
 1854 Knowlton, Mrs. Betsy 76 
 
 " Taft, Abijah 68 1873 
 
 " Willard.Aaron 76 '• 
 
 1855 Kendrick,Hai-vey.-- 54 1873 
 
 1856 TrumbuU, Mrs. Hannah--- 78 1874 
 
 1857 Camberlain, Mrs. Ruby 69 1875 
 
 " Strong, John 64 
 
 1858 Gere, Lucy 53 1876 
 
 " Merrill, David 66 
 
 1859 Ham, Orel 53 
 
 " Pierce, Mrs. H. N 45 
 
 ' ' Underbill, Susan 83 1878 
 
 1860 Wales, Geo.E 69 
 
 " Webb, LuciusR 57 
 
 1861 Chamberlain, John P 80 1879 
 
 " Porter, Sarah 77 " 
 
 1862 Benson, Sylvia 58 
 
 " Clark, Mrs. Parthena 75 1880 
 
 " Hoit, Mrs. Abigail 79 " 
 
 " Hunter, Mrs. Mary «-- 87 1881 
 
 " Sturtevant, Mrs. Betsy 84 " 
 
 " TUden, Mrs. Hannah- 89 " 
 
 1863 Leighton, Mrs. Jemima-.- 60 1882 
 
 1864 Hxmtoon, Mrs. Isabella 51 
 
 " Lyman, Mrs. Mary B 64 
 
 " Lyman, Ziba- 74 1883 
 
 " Swinburne, Mary K 52 1884 
 
 1865 Bailey, Alvin 73 
 
 '■ Richards, Mrs. Fidelia 64 
 
 " Sti-ong, Mrs. M. G 61 1886 
 
 1866 Braley, Geo. W 69 
 
 " Moore, Ii-a- 70 " 
 
 1867 Clark, Erastus 84 1887 
 
 " Richards, Chester 71 " 
 
 Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 Richardson, Mrs. Polly 75 
 
 Bugbee, Mrs. Cynthia P.-- 68 
 
 Landers, David -. 75 
 
 Tilden, Sarah M --- 60 
 
 Willard, Mrs. Mary W 87 
 
 Sturtevant, Mrs. Mary 64 
 
 Lyman, Livinia T 75 
 
 Moore, Mrs. Roxana 73 
 
 Pease, Walter 83 
 
 Wood, Geo. E 46 
 
 French, Amos 57 
 
 Taft, Mrs. Betsy ' 81 • 
 
 Tracy, Columbus .55 
 
 Tracy, Thomas-- 83 
 
 Ray, Rev. B. F 47 
 
 Tracy, Deborah 82 
 
 French, Moses 67 
 
 French, Justus W 58 
 
 Brooks, Justin C 74 
 
 Whittier, Mrs. M. C 57 
 
 Chapman, David S 73 
 
 Hazen, Hezekiah 55 
 
 Hazen, Melvin 66 
 
 Pease, Luther 61 
 
 Fenno, Joseph W 67 
 
 Ferguson, Joseph - _ - 79 
 
 Leighton, Isaac T-- _. 70 
 
 Bailey, Mrs. Mary 75 
 
 Lyman, George ....- 73 
 
 Ti-acy, Mrs. Esther P ^90 
 
 Freeman, John '89 
 
 Rowell, Thomas G 65 
 
 Ruggles, Jonathan F 81 
 
 Pierce, Ai-chibald T 70 
 
 Tracy, Mrs. Elizabeth 81 
 
 Freeman, Mrs. C. G -- 88 
 
 Simonds, Daniel W 67 
 
 Wood, Ora 80 
 
 Porter, Wright 84 
 
 French, Mrs. A lmir a. 63 
 
 Hamilton, C.S 76 
 
 Wood, Mrs. Maa-v P 75 
 
 AUen, Dr. S. J 68 
 
 Fisher, Mrs. Mary 84 
 
 Gardner, Perry C 78 
 
 Brooks, Mrs. J. C -.. 82 
 
 Ray, Mrs. B. F 
 
 New Portion of Cemetery. 
 Yeai-. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1864 Horton,Wm 54 
 
 1867 Pitkin, Lucius - . . 55 
 
 1874 Safford, Chas. H 50 
 
 1875 Russ, Stephen J ._ 57 
 
 1879 Hanchett, Louise H. B.--- 45 
 
 1883 Dutton, Ann M. F 56 
 
 " Russ, Amanda M 55 
 
 1885 Marston, Jacob 67 
 
 " Tracy, James Harvey 84 
 
 1886 Brown, Nathan 63 
 
 " Safford, N.B 68 
 
 ' ' Sawyer, Mrs. S. A. D 46 
 
 " Trescott, Lorenzo 72 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 195 
 
 WEST HARTFORD CEMETERY. 
 
 Teai-. Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 1830 Pai-khurst, Phineas 57 
 
 1831 Newton, Daniel 38 
 
 1883 WUson, Mrs. Eunice _ 85 
 
 1834 Wilson, Jeremiah 87 
 
 1835 Newton, Flora 29 
 
 1836 Dimick, Henry 25 
 
 1838 Dimick, Mrs. Sarah 55 
 
 1841 Thurston , Louisa D 27 
 
 1843 Brockway , Jolm N 76 
 
 " Savage, Mrs Temperance.-- 35 
 
 " Tenney, Dr. Ira- 48 
 
 1843 Simons, Mrs. Fanny 60 
 
 " Thurston, Hannah 33 
 
 1844 Brockway, Desire --- 36 
 
 " Simons,Dan_ 67 
 
 1847 Brewer, Mrs. Sarah 76 
 
 Dexter, Mrs. Sarah 79 
 
 " Downer, Mrs. Hannah . 73 
 
 1848 Dimick, JoabB --- 23 
 
 " Fuller, Mrs. Anna 49 
 
 " Newton, Truman 69 
 
 1849 Pike, Mrs. Hannah 31 
 
 1850 Hunt,SarahP_ 34 
 
 1851 Dexter, Mrs.Keturah Tucker 51 
 ' ' EUiot, Mrs. Sophia 47 
 
 Hazen, Mrs. Rebecca T 24 
 
 " Low, Mrs. AdeUne C 33 
 
 Marsh, Wm. B 45 
 
 1852 Hazen, Reuben 84 
 
 1853 Hunt, Eliphaz - 82 
 
 " Lamb, .Alpheus 58 
 
 " Porter, Simon B 21 
 
 " Wills, Reuben - - 72 
 
 1854 Hazen, Mrs. Eliza J 28 
 
 " Hazen, Solon- 28 
 
 1855 Hazen, Levi --_ 73 
 
 " Hunt, Emeline 23 
 
 1856 Brockway, Hannah 91 
 
 " Dimick, Orin- -- 57 
 
 " Hazen, George. 23 
 
 " Marsh, Lewis 60 
 
 1857 Smith, Rev. EHhu - - - 79 
 
 " AVhitcomb, Alvan 30 
 
 1858 Hunt, Mrs. Anna 77 
 
 1859 Bartlett, Mrs. Minerva 67 
 
 " Wallace, Maria 21 
 
 1860 Hazen, Mrs. Miriam 89 
 
 1861 Fuller, Dea. John - . 72 
 
 " Porter, Samuel 68 
 
 1863 Dimick, Joel 83 
 
 " Dimick, Martin.. 34 
 
 Tenney, Mrs. Clarissa O 34 
 
 " WiUs, Mrs. Mai-y 60 
 
 1863 Cowen, Mrs. Eliza 39 
 
 " Downer, John .- 92 
 
 " Gihnan, James 32 
 
 " Hazen, John 78 
 
 " Low, Willard W. 61 
 
 ' ' Whitcomb, Nelson 31 
 
 " Wood, Mrs. Clarissa 88 
 
 1864 Ballard, S. A.... 80 
 
 ' ' Lamb, Mrs. Clarissa 76 
 
 Year 
 1864 
 1865 
 1866 
 
 Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Savage, George O 
 
 Thurston, Stephen 
 
 Morse, Mrs. Celeste 
 
 TambUng, Geo. H 
 
 Dimick, Mrs. Clarissa 
 
 " Dutton, Jacob G 
 
 " Dimick, Mrs. Lucy 
 
 " Page, Mrs. Lucy B 
 
 ' ' Porter, George B 
 
 " Wilhamson, Mrs. Dorris... 
 
 1867 BaUard, Amarillis. 
 
 " Ballard, Edwin L 
 
 ' ' Bartlett, Orange 
 
 ' ' Hazen, Dan 
 
 " Hazen, Mrs. Phinette 
 
 " Noble, Mrs. Charity 
 
 " Thurston, Mrs. Philena 
 
 Wilhamson, Francis D 
 
 Fuller, Dea. Abner ..- 
 
 Hazen, Mary W 
 
 Tucker, Mrs. Abigail M. Tos- 
 
 1868 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 (t 
 
 II 
 li 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 
 it 
 
 1879 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1883 
 1884 
 
 Marsh, Emma P 
 
 Brockway, George 
 
 Newton, Mrs. Eunice 
 
 Smith, Alden 
 
 WiUiamson, Mrs. Martha- - 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Chloe -. 
 
 Tenney, Mary E 
 
 Hazen, Mrs. Sarah H 
 
 Mosher, Mrs. Lora 
 
 Noble, Harvey 
 
 Hazen, Seymour- 
 
 Foster, Mrs. Mary 
 
 Newton, Calvin 
 
 Pitkin, Otis W 
 
 RoweU, Mrs. Lucy 
 
 Hazen, Elisha 
 
 Hazen, William 
 
 Marsh, Mrs. Anna L 
 
 Thurston, Volney - . 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Cynthia 
 
 Hazen, Mrs. Abigail 
 
 Dimick, Chancy 
 
 Tucker, Alvan 
 
 Hazen, Franklin S - - - 
 
 Hazen, Fi-ed A... 
 
 Puller, Mrs. Caroline 
 
 Bartholomew, Harvey C 
 
 Hazen, Mary B 
 
 Porter, Mary - 
 
 Porter, Retta W 
 
 Tenney, Carlos 
 
 Tenney, Mrs. Sophia (Hazen) 
 Dutton, Mrs. Abigail (Ha- 
 zen) 
 
 Thurston , Mrs . Paulina 
 
 Dimick, Mrs. Percy (Bug- 
 
 (bee) (Hyde) 
 
 Hazen, Abel H 
 
 Howard, Mrs. Mary E. 
 (Hunt) 
 
 31 
 83 
 38 
 23 
 69 
 55 
 54 
 66 
 18 
 63 
 74 
 34 
 78 
 76 
 70 
 66 
 86 
 31 
 81 
 35 
 
 75 
 
 23 
 
 31 
 
 86 
 
 75 
 
 49 
 
 82 
 
 39 
 
 74 
 
 20 
 
 79 
 
 57 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 68 
 
 52 
 
 80 
 
 39 
 
 64 
 
 69 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 48 
 
 21 
 
 71 
 
 44 
 
 81 
 
 77 
 
 83 
 
 55 
 
 85 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 
 77 
 56 
 
 78 
 
196 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1884 
 1885 
 
 Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Hunt, Phelps 70 
 
 FuUer, Mrs. Mary (Savage). 89 
 
 Howard, Abel _ 80 
 
 Merchant, James 72 
 
 Wmiamson, A. E 64 
 
 Year. 
 1885 
 
 Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Downer, Stephen S 83 
 
 Newton, Edward N 39 
 
 Rowell, Mrs. Mary A. 
 
 (Hunter)-.. 79 
 
 WEST HAKTFORP CEMETERY. 
 
 Within a few years past (I think since 1885) a great improvement has 
 been made in this cemetery. In the older portion the headstones have 
 been placed in an upright position, and cleaned of moss that obscured 
 the inscriptions. The briars and weeds have disappeared from the 
 walks, the tops of the graves have generally been new sodded, and an air 
 of proper neatness marks this home of the dead. A much needed addi- 
 tion or extension has been made to the cemetery, and the annex is being 
 laid out into lots to suit purchasers. 
 
 Daring the construction of the Vermont Central railroad in 1846-47 
 the east end of the cemetery was cut off, and several skeletons were 
 exhumed, but principally from graves unmarked by headstones. Doubt- 
 less the first interments made in this cemetery ante date, by many years, 
 that of Mr. Phineas Parkhurst, whose graye stone bears the earliest 
 recorded inscription to be found in this cemetery. Some of the first 
 settlers were buried in the Delano cemetery, which was established as 
 early as 1794, and others were interred at the centre of the town. The 
 healthfulness of the climate in this vicinity is indicated by the longevity 
 of a great majority of the decedents. 
 
 WHITE RIVER JUNCTION (ROMAN CATHOLIC) CEMETERY. 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. 
 
 1859 Gihnore, EUen C 35 
 
 1870 Filiar, Mrs. Eveline 33 
 
 Lee, John,... 78 
 
 " Toughy, James 76 
 
 1871 Butler, James 29 
 
 " Ducharme, Mrs. Maggie 36 
 
 " Lawrence, Mrs. Catherine. 60 
 
 Sullivan, Mrs. Hannah H-. 43 
 
 1873 Goff , Mrs. Catherine 34 
 
 " Mongeon. Mrs. AgJaie 36 
 
 1873 Dwyer, Mrs. JuUa 60 
 
 McCabe, Owen 79 
 
 1874 Clancy, Mrs. Hannah 53 
 
 ' ' Enright, Mrs. Mary 75 
 
 1875 Enright, Edward 60 
 
 Enright, Mrs. Ellen B 77 
 
 Keegan, Alice E 19 
 
 Neil, JohnO 63 
 
 1876 Daley, Patrick 66 
 
 Farrell, John Jr 37 
 
 Fushy, Mrs. Emily 23 
 
 " Haley, John ., 49 
 
 " Messier, Francois 70 
 
 Year. 
 
 1877 
 
 a 
 
 1878 
 1879 
 
 Name of Decedent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 1880 
 
 Coutermash, Mrs. Julia 87 
 
 Maher, Mrs. EUen 36 
 
 DonneU, Mrs. Mary 39 
 
 Ashey, Mrs. Catherine 79 
 
 Ashey, Louis 88 
 
 Flood, Mrs. Catherine 58 
 
 McCarty, Mrs. Mary C 75 
 
 Marrion, Mi-s. Ellen 51 
 
 Marrion, James 23 
 
 Roberts, Mrs. Archangel C. 67 
 
 Roberts, Stephen 66 
 
 Ti-attier, Aristide 17 
 
 Wheeler, Mrs. Margaret... 40 
 
 Burns, Thomas Jr 39 
 
 Canfleld, Mrs. Mai-y 43 
 
 Coutermash, Joseph 44 
 
 Griffin, John 60 
 
 Gleason, Mrs. Mary 79 
 
 Haley, Pati-ick 38 
 
 Hinchey, Mrs. Mary G 81 
 
 Hodet, Maiy J A. ., 18 
 
 Maynes, John 58 
 
 McCarthy, Mrs. Joanna D. 56 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 197 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age 
 
 1880 O'Neil, WmJ 18 1884 Cummings, Mrs. Susan.... 28 
 
 1881 Cowith, Clai-a. 16 " Degnan, John. 24 
 
 GodseU, Arthur.... 73 " O'Leary, Cornelius 63 
 
 Irving, Mrs. Ellen H 52 " ScanneU, Jeremiali 68 
 
 " Lynch, Richard 45 " Starr, James 28 
 
 McDonneU, Thomas 73 1885 Baker, Mrs. Mary A. 39 
 
 1881 McNamara, Mrs. Honora E 99 " Blessington, Mi-s. Sophia .. 24 
 
 O'Day, Dennis _ 84 " Enright, Wm 25 
 
 Veyette, John 75 " Flood, Mary Ann 25 
 
 1882 Cotee, Phihp P 25 " Keegan, Mrs. Bridget 37 
 
 GodseU, John 19 " Veyette, Mrs. AureUa T.._ 60 
 
 KeUy,Kitty 28 1886 Callahan, Mrs. Mary H..._ 49 
 
 Murphy, Mrs. NeUie R 73 " McCarty, Mrs. Bridget W.. 50 
 
 1883 Agan, William 75 " McCarty, Patrick 25 
 
 " Banagan, Mrs. Mary 75 " Murphy, John 71 
 
 The Roman Catholic cemetery is located closely adjacent to their 
 place of worship. It is laid out with a greater degree of regularity 
 than any other in the town, and a very commendable disposition is 
 manifested by the lot-owners to keep the place cleanly and attractive to 
 the eye. The site is not sufficiently large for a place of sepulture, but 
 an important addition may be gained by terracing the hill-side, as has 
 already been done in a few instances. 
 
 The above list embraces all decedents but children under sixteen 
 years of age. I will add that nearly every grave is marked either by 
 a handsome marble stone or monument. A few graves are marked by 
 wooden crosses, but all, with a very few exceptions, are properly desig- 
 nated. 
 
 TOMB NEAR DAVID WEiaHT's HOUSE. 
 
 Date. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1814 Wright, Mrs. Hannah 62 1822 Wright, Maj. Davis... 73 
 
 1817 Wright, David Jr 42 1839 Wright, Bela 43 
 
 1818 Wright, EUzabeth 37 1846 Wright, Mrs. Betsy 56 
 
 The following list embraces those decedents who have died since 
 1859, whose graves are not marked by head-stones ; at least not in the 
 cemeteries in Hartford. Pi'obably quite a number have been interred 
 in other towns This list includes only those seventy years old and up- 
 ward. 
 Date. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1860 SaUy Porter 78 1863 Wm. Crichton 78 
 
 1861 Esther Perrm . 82 " Charlotte Spencer 85 
 
 " Nicholas Mosher 83 1864 Jerusha Kenyon 74 
 
 1862 Mary Dewey 79 " Timothy, Hodgman 72 
 
 AnnaGage 87 1864 Lucy MiUer. 84 
 
 " Zenas Paddock 71 " Nancy Spaulding 74 
 
 Gideon Shurtlefl 73 1865 Simeon Kent 70 
 
 Anna Goff 76 " David Kilburn 80 
 
 " Stephen Parker 81 " Sarah A. Bowman 94 
 
 1863 Clarrisa Chamberlin 75 " Lydia Cone 79 
 
198 
 
 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1866 Ellen Blessington 77 
 
 Cyrus Chandler 76 
 
 Lucinda ^mith 89 
 
 " Oliver Bugbee '- 93 
 
 1867 AsaChase 81 
 
 ' ' Mary Coutermash 70 
 
 1868 ShubelRuss 87 
 
 DanielFields 79 
 
 1868 PoUy Birch 81 
 
 " Samuel BeU 95 
 
 " Philo Sprague 81 
 
 " Ezra Hazeu_ 75 
 
 ' ' Harriet Shepardson 82 
 
 " Lucy Cutter 71 
 
 " Asher Tarbell 71 
 
 " Cushman Wood___ 78 
 
 " Mary Colbum . 70 
 
 1869 Benjamin F. GaUup 85 
 
 " Maria MerriU 78 
 
 " Stanforth Warner _ 71 
 
 " Susan Simonds 72 
 
 " Lydia Moore 80 
 
 1870 Louisa Jones 72 
 
 " Sophia Whitney _ 73 
 
 " Henry Morse 79 
 
 " Thomas A. King_.. 78 
 
 " Rembleton Hodgman 72 
 
 " Leonard Marsh 71 
 
 " Rebecca Kennison 79 
 
 ' ' Elizabeth B. Mosher _ . 85 
 
 1871 Abigail Wood 74 
 
 " Louisa Gummer 70 
 
 " Eleanor Hazen 78 
 
 " Polly D. Merriam 85 
 
 1872 Catherine Hart 75 
 
 " Esther B. Watson 78 
 
 " Susan Lewis 96 
 
 1873 MaryTatro- 84 
 
 " James Boyd 76 
 
 ' ' Eunice Chamberlain 80 
 
 1874 Hannah Fogg 85 
 
 " Alpheus Howe 82 
 
 " Lucy Moseley 77 
 
 " Rhoda Atwood 71 
 
 1875 MaryDimick 73 
 
 " Saradi Paine 70 
 
 1876 Annie Lombard__ ___ 98 
 
 " John C. Head ____ 73 
 
 " Hannah Pixley 87 
 
 " Solon Newton 76 
 
 " Jeremiah Huntoon__ _ 82 
 
 " George Washburne 79 
 
 " John Marsh 73 
 
 1877 Uriah Kimpton 82 
 
 " Horace Colburn 77 
 
 " John C. Allen 78 
 
 " MatUda B. Newton 76 
 
 " Polly S. Tenney 78 
 
 " Laura H. Sprague 83 
 
 1878 Betsy Blaisdell 78 
 
 " James L. Raymond 79 
 
 " Sarah Morse __ 86 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1878 BeUnda Childs 83 
 
 " Nathan Holt 91 
 
 " Mabel Gibbs 78 
 
 " Nancy Bagley- 83 
 
 ■" Jerusha Wright 88 
 
 " Moses Seavy 84 
 
 " WiUiam Winslow 71 
 
 " Lam-a Matthews --- 70 
 
 1879 Andi-ew Willey 79 
 
 " Mary Porter -_. 75 
 
 " SarahP. Smith 77 
 
 " Katie S. Ashey 75 
 
 " Harriet Buck 84 
 
 " JosephGrey 91 
 
 1880 Hannah Gibbs 84 
 
 " Arthur GodsiU 73 
 
 " Mary Cain 78 
 
 " John Gay ...- 78 
 
 " Mrs. L F. Baker 100 
 
 " Mary Hazen 80 
 
 " Betsy BeU 72 
 
 " EUzaGoff__ 71 
 
 " Parthena Tilden_ ___ 84 
 
 " AchsahTilden 86 
 
 1881 Alvah Jennings.--. 79 
 
 " Eunice Jennings 81 
 
 " Josiah T. Page 78 
 
 " Raphael Carter 75 
 
 " David Dole 88 
 
 1883 Mary Curtis 73 
 
 " GeorgeFrye 81 
 
 " Wm. Eagan 80 
 
 " Margaret Chase - 80 
 
 " Julius Hazen 80 
 
 1883 Lovina Brown 95 
 
 " Fidelia Woods 73 
 
 " Lawrence Fie 75 
 
 " Annie Drown 86 
 
 " Abigail KUbum 91 
 
 " Jerrard Huntington 87 
 
 " Percy Dimick 77 
 
 " Wai-ren Gibbs 76 
 
 " Mary Newton 90 
 
 " Rufus Downing 74 
 
 " Francis Smith : 72 
 
 " Sarah Pierce 73 
 
 " Margaret McDonald -. 73 
 
 1884 Paschal P. Shattuck- 84 
 
 " Lucy Head 73 
 
 " Jonas G. Lamphire 73 
 
 " Betsy Atkinson -- 84 
 
 " Sai-ah Stanley 70 
 
 ' ' Amanda Woodcock 74 
 
 Mary Fi-ye 78 
 
 1885 Jno. Roberts---- - 73 
 
 " SaUy Currier --.. 79 
 
 " Polly Dudley 75 
 
 " Joab Young 76 
 
 " Marcus Leach 75 
 
 " James H. Tracy 84 
 
 1886 John Vaughn 86 
 
 " SarahJudd :..- 87 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 199 
 
 Year. Name of Decedent. Age. Year. Name of Decedent. Age. 
 
 1886 Hannah Flanders $5 1886 Mary RowelL.. 77 
 
 '' SarahRoUins 78 " Benj. F. Sisco 73 
 
 Susan Skinner.-- 82 " Minerva Fogg 71 
 
 ■' Clement Tatro-- 78 
 
 Rev. Austin Hazen, who was pastor of the Centre Congregational Church for 
 many years kept a record of the annual number of deaths from Jan. 1, 1812, to 
 Dec. 31, 1828.. The number was as foUows :— 1812, 24; 1818, 63; 1814, 33; 1815, 
 31; 1816, 19; 1817, 38; 1818, 16; 1819, 15; 1830, 14; 1831, 24; 1833, 17; 1828, 38; 
 1834, 30; 1835, 19; 1836, 23; 1837, 37; 1838, 35, a total of 415 decedents in 17 years, 
 a yearly average of 24.4, or one death to every 88 of the average population. 
 
 ACCIDENTAL AND SUDDEN DEATHS. 
 
 Brooks, WyUys H., overdose of morphine, July 31, 1881. Age 29. 
 
 Burr, Willie, di'owned in White river, June, 1888. Age 14. 
 
 Burton, Elijah, killed on railroad bridge near Delano's place, by a blast in 1847. 
 
 Age 53. 
 Clarke, Mrs. Parthena, burned by clothes taking fire Dec. 34, 1862. Age 75. 
 Demmon, Roswell, died in a fit, March 26, 1861. Age 70. 
 Denison, Samuel, heart disease, 1887. 
 Dinmiick, Oren, lockjaw from cut on hand, Nov. 11, 1856. Age 57. 
 
 Dimmick, , by a falling tree while chopping. 
 
 . Gillett, Henry, struck on head by a board flung by a circular saw in his mill. 
 GiUett, Enos, heart disease. 
 
 Hazen, Andrew T., heai-t disease, Aug. 7, 1868. Age 58. 
 Hodgeman, Timothy, run over by cars, April 5, 1864. Age 72. 
 Lamphere, Galusha, heart disease, March 10, 1864. Age 35. 
 Majors, Jason, drovpned at Olcott. 
 Marston, Jacob, heart disease, Feb. 20, 1859. Age 81. 
 Paddock, Zenas, found dead in his room, Aug. 16, 1863. Age 71. 
 Pitkin, Thomas W., drowned in Otta Quechee river, May 3, 1787. Age 37. 
 Russ, Ruby, overdose of opium, Jan. 14, 1861. Age 63. 
 Snow, Cyrus, fell from staging at Quechee village. 
 Southgate, Rev. Robert, heart disease, Feb. 6, 1878. Age 65. 
 Sturtevant, kOled by blast on C. V. R. R. 
 Tilden, Jedediah N., feU dead Aug. 3, 1867. Age 67. 
 Tinkham, Albert D. , drowned in White river, 1873. 
 Trumbull, Asaph, caught in machinery of oil mill, April 13, 1813. Age 6. 
 
 White, , caught in machinery. 
 
 Williamson, Frances, drowned at W. Hartford, Feb. 10, 1867. Age 21. 
 
 Winslow, Chester, by blast of rocks. 
 
 White, Wm. , injuries on raih'oad, June, 1868. Age 32. 
 
 DEATHS BY SUICIDE. 
 
 Benson, Mrs. Rufus, Russtown, hanging. 
 
 Blaisdell, B. Franklin, Hartford village, hanging, Feb. 10, 1888. 
 Brooks, Elane, White River Junction, hanging, 1837. Age 58. 
 Cave, Amos, Hartford village, drowned himself March 26, 1864. 
 Dutton, Henry A., Hartford village, shot himself Jan. 19, 1880. 
 
 Drown, , Quechee, drowned himself in White river. 
 
 Frink, James, huug himself. 
 Gage, Charles, White River Junction, hanging. 
 George, Josiab, White River Junction, shot himself. 
 Hatch, Lewis, Hartford village, shot himself. 
 Hazen, Franklin S., W. Hartford, hanging, Oct. 7, 1879. Age 48. 
 Lamb, Alpheus, West Hartford, hanging, Aug. 3, 1853. Age 58. 
 Pease, John D., Hartford village, hanging, Nov. 6, 1869. Age 43. 
 Porter, Edward D., Hartford vUlage, hanging, Nov. 33, 1873. Age 36. 
 Planter, Mrs. J., Hartford village, poison. 
 Snow, James, Hartford village, hung himself in 1849. Age 49. 
 Sturtevant, Foster, Hartford village, hung himself in bam. May 17, 1849. 
 Age 48. 
 
200 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Ti-acy, James. H. Jr., Hartford village, poison, July 23, 1873. Age 31. 
 Tryon, Stephen Jr., Russtown, poison, 1886. Age 60. 
 "WMtcomb, Wm., Hartford village, poison, 1887. 
 
 Wright, Hannah, wife of David, drowned in a well, into which she pitched 
 head foremost. 
 
 la concluding this subject, the writer will say that one of the first 
 objects for which he enquires on visiting a new place, is the cemetery. 
 The selection of a site for a burying-ground, the manner of caring for 
 it, the character of the monuments, the inscriptions to the memory of 
 the dead, are a very correct index to the taste, if not to the intelligence 
 of the inhabitants — the moral physiognomy of the place. 
 
 It is well for the living to often turn away from the busy scenes of 
 the world to the cemetery where repose the remains of those who have 
 gone to " that bourne from which no traveler returns." 
 
 " The body to its place, and the soul to Heaven's grace, 
 And the rest in God's own time." 
 
 And there, with nothing to disturb the universal silence of the scene, 
 save the beating of one's own heart, contemplate the memorials which 
 have been reared above the slumberers beneath — the rich and the poor, 
 the humble and the great, — and there study the inscriptions that indi- 
 cate in turn ostentation or modest simplicity , affectation of grief, or 
 sincerity of affection ; refinement or want of taste ; knowledge or ignor- 
 ance. Here, a rudely-hewn and unlettered stone speaks poverty's lov- 
 ing remembrance ; there, a modest tablet marks the repose of the hum- 
 ble ; here, a cross, the sigu of the Christian believer, stands near a lofty 
 and costly memorial over the remains of one distinguished in life for 
 nothing but wealth, or perhaps for what the world calls greatness. But 
 who in such a congregation as this can be accounted great ? 
 
 ' ' Wliat gold survives the crucible of death? " 
 Death is no respector of persons. Its triumphs and trophies include 
 the king and the peasant, the most exalted in rank, title and wealth, and 
 the most humble and obscure of mortals. Mankind must aU come to 
 the level of the grave. Our bones must mingle in one common mass. 
 
 " We can learn nothing from the living which the dead do not teach 
 us. Would beauty be- modest and unpretending, let her quit the ball 
 and the festival for a moment and carry her toilet to the tomb. Would 
 the proud learn humility — the resentful, good nature — the penurious, 
 charity — the frivolous, seriousness — the bigoted, philanthropy ? Would 
 the scholar ascertain the true objects of knowledge— the man of the 
 world the true means of happiness here and hereafter — the ambitious 
 the true syurces of greatness — let him retire awhile from the precincts 
 of the living, busy world, and commune with the dead." 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL. 
 
 In foriner times the alliance between Church and State was stronger 
 than the spirit of republicanism now sanctions. Every citizen was as 
 much obligated to pay his tax for the support of a minister as he now 
 is to pay his highway or school tax. He must also declare his religious 
 preferences, if he entertained any. It mattered not whether he attended 
 upon religious worship, or whether the minister held sentiments not in 
 accord with his own, the payment of a tax for the minister's support 
 was not to be evaded. 
 
 The form of government, or fundamental constitution established by 
 the lords and proprietors of Carolina, in March, 1699, contained the fol- 
 lowing articles, which illustrate' the spirit that governed the early set- 
 tlers of this country who fled from England to avoid persecution. 
 
 " XCV. — No man shall be permitted to be a freeman of Carolina, or to have 
 any estate or habitation within it, that doth not acknowledge a God, and that 
 God is publicly and solemnly to be worshipped. 
 
 C. — In the terms of communion of every church or profession, these following 
 shall be three, without which no agreement, or assembly of men under pretence 
 of rehgion, shall be accounted a chiu-ch or profession within these rules: 
 
 I. — That there is a God. 
 
 II. — That God is pubUcly to be worshipped. 
 
 III. — That it is lawful and the duty of every man, being thereunto called by 
 those who govern, to bear witness to the truth, etc. 
 
 CI. — No person above seventeen years of age shall have any benefit or protec- 
 tion of the law, or be capable of any place of profit or honor, who is not a mem- 
 ber of some church or profession, having his name recorded in some one, and but 
 one record at once. 
 
 CVI. — No man shall use any reproachful, reviling or abusive language against 
 the religion of any church or profession. 
 
 CIX. — No person whatsoever shall disturb, molest, or persecute another for his 
 speculative opmions in religion, or his way of woi-ship." 
 
 The lords and proprietors of the Province of Carolina were adherents 
 to the Church of England. They believed that the religion of that 
 church was the only true and orthodox religion, and, it being the na- 
 tional religion of all the kings' dominions, it alone should be allowed to 
 receive a public maintainance; nevertheless, they were not bigoted, nor 
 intolerant of any other religions and professions. They held that there 
 can be no Christianity where there is no charity. Their highest aim 
 and purpose was to found the government upon the firm basis of relig- 
 ion and morality; and they properly required every member of the body 
 politic to publicly avow his religious preferences, contribute to the sup- 
 
202 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 port of some form of religious worship, and act in sympathy with the 
 religious feelings of the community in which he lived. 
 
 The (XCVII) ninety-seventh article of the laws of Carolina, framed 
 by the proprietors of that province, is expressive of the liberal, chari- 
 table and Christian spirit that pervaded the hearts, and regulated the 
 conduct of that representative body of churchmen in their treatment of 
 dissenters, and professors of other rehgions in general, and of non-pro- 
 fessors as well. The article alluded to is so replete with Christian sen- 
 timent, so strongly illustrative of the doctrine taught by Christ, while 
 on earth, and so valuable aS' a rule of Christian conduct, that I shall 
 quote it verbatim, viz : — 
 
 " But since the natives of that place (Carolina) who will be concerned in our 
 plantation, are utterly strangers to Christiajaity, whose idolatry, ignorance, or 
 mistake gives us no right to expel, or use them ill; and those who remove from 
 other parts to plant there, will unavoidably be of different opinions concerning 
 matters of religion, the liberty whereof, they wiU expect to have allowed them, 
 and it will not be reasonable for us on this account to keep them out; that civil 
 peace may be maintained amidst the diversity of opinions, and our agreement 
 and compact with aU men may be duly and faithfully observed; the violation 
 whereof, upon what pretence soever, cannot be without great offence to Almighty 
 Ood, and great scandal to the true religion, which we profess ; and also that 
 Jews, heathens, and other dissenters from the piurity" of Christian religion, may 
 not be feared and kept at a distance from it, but, by having an opportunity of 
 acquainting themselves with the truth and reasonableness of its docti-ines, and 
 the peaceableness and inofifensiveness of its professors, may by good usage and 
 persuasion, and all those convincing .methods of gentleness and meekness suit- 
 able to the rules and design of the gospel, be won over to embrace and unfeign- 
 edly receive the truth ; therefore, any seven or more persons agreeing in any re- 
 ligion, shall constitute a church or profession, to which they shall give some 
 name to distinguish it from others." 
 
 CEETIT'ICATES OF EBLIGIOUS CONNECTION. 
 
 On the 16th of March, 1780, the General Assembly of Vermont on 
 motion made after a long debate, resolved that the following amend- 
 ment be made to the " Act empowering the inhabitants of the respec- 
 tive towns in this State to tax themselves for certain occasions," viz: 
 
 " Always provided that no person be compelled by the major vote of said town 
 to build or repair a meeting house, or support a worship, or a minister of the 
 gospel, contrary to the dictates of his conscience ; Provided, said person or per- 
 sons shall support some sort of religious- worship as to them may seem most 
 agreeable to the word of God, anything in this act to the contraiy notwithstand- 
 ing." The ayes and nays being demanded whether the last clause, or provision, 
 of the amendment stand, the vote was ayes 23, nays 14. So it weis resolved in 
 the affirmative. 
 
 This provision was evaded by requiring a man, who refused to pay 
 
 his tax for the legally appointed clergyman, %o prove that he belonged 
 
 to another denomination. But, as many sought by this method to 
 
 evade taxation altogether, the General Assembly in October, 1Y83, 
 
 passed an act to remedy all trouble on this point, viz : 
 
 " Be it enacted that every person or persons, being of adult age, shall be con- 
 sidered as being of, opinion with the m^/jor part of the inhabitants within such 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 303 
 
 town or parish where he, she, or they shall dwell, until he, she, or they shall 
 bring a certificate, signed by some minister of the gospel, deacon or elder, or the 
 moderator in the church or congregation to which he, she, or they pretend tobe- 
 ' long, being of a different persuasion ; which certificate shall set forth the party 
 to be of their persuasion ; and until such certificate shall be shown to the clerk 
 of such town or parish (who shall record the same) such party shall be subject to 
 pay all such charges with the major part, as by law shaU. be assessed on his, her 
 or their polls or ratable estate." 
 
 The above named act met with much opposition. The number of 
 the minor sects in most of the towns was quite large. The opposition 
 increased to such an extent that, in 1801, the Legislature repealed the 
 clause in the act enabling any individual to obtain a certificate to ex- 
 empt him from paying taxes, and enacted the following as a substitute : 
 
 " That every person of adult age, being a legal voter in any town or 
 parish, shall be considered as of the religious opinion and sentiment of 
 such society as is mentioned in said act, and be liable to be taxed for 
 the purposes mentioned in said act, unless he shall, previous to any 
 vote authorized in and by said act, deliver to the clerk of said town or 
 parish, a declaration in writing, with his name thereto subscribed, in 
 the following words, to wit ; ' J do not agree in religious opinion 
 with a majority of the inhabitants of this town.'' " 
 
 This did not remove all objections, nor sUence complaints, and at 
 every session of the Legislature efibrts were made to repeal the act. 
 Finally, in 1807, the offensive parts were repealed, " divesting the towns 
 of all power to act or pass any vote for the building of meeting-houses 
 or the support of ministers, leaving every individual to decide for him- 
 self whether he would contribute anything for the promotion of those 
 objects." 
 
 The following certificates, which were made to comply with the re- 
 quirements of the several acts, I have quoted, are found recorded in the 
 records of the town, certified by the Town Clerk, whose certificate need 
 not be quoted. The respective dates of the certificates indicate the 
 legislative acts under which they were made. 
 
 This may certify that Francis Whare ShaUis, of Hartford, State of Vermont, 
 professeth and belongeth to the Episcopalian church of England and has joined 
 said church in this place. 
 
 Given under my hand this 14th day of August, 1785. 
 
 JOHN HOUSE, Church Warden. 
 
 By the authority invested by the Ai-chbishop of Canterbury, the Right Father 
 in God. By the Rev. Ranna Cosset, Missionary. 
 
 These may certify that Mr. Benjamin Burtch, of Hartford, in the county of 
 Windsor and State of Vermont is a member of the Baptist society in Woodstock. 
 
 Woodstock Mch ye 18, 1786. 
 
 Attest, JOSEPH CALL, Deacon of Baptist Ch in Woodstock. 
 
 Hanover, 4th Jan'y 1790 : — To all whom it may concern : It is hereby certi- 
 fied that Messrs. Hezekiah Hazen, Thomas Hazen, Solomon Hazen, David New- 
 ton and Erastus Chapman are members of the Church of Christ at Dartmouth 
 College, which church is Presbyterian in persuasion and discipline, and that 
 they and each of them are in full communion and regular and good standing 
 with us. 
 
 By JOHN SMITH, Pastor of said Church at Dartmouth College. 
 
304 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Bridgewater, Vt., December ye 19th, 1791 : These may certify all that it may 
 concern, that William Porter of Hartford is a member of the Baptist church <X 
 Christ in Woodstock and Bridgewater, therefore, let the oppressed go free. 
 
 Attest, WILLIAM GROW, Minister of the Gospel. ' 
 
 " To all whom this may concern it is hereby certified that Joshua Hazen, Esq;, 
 is a member of the Church of Christ at Dartmouth College (which is a Presbyter- 
 ian Church) and an Elder in the same. He has been for more than fifteen years 
 last past and now is in full communion and regular and good standing with us, 
 his opinion in the doctrine of religious and ecclesiastical discipline is the same 
 with ours. 
 
 Certified by John Smith, Pastor of said Church at Dartmouth College. 
 
 Hanover 31st Jan'y 1792." 
 
 ' ' These certify that William Colston of Hartford, is a professed Universalist, 
 a:nd is a member of the Universalist Society in Woodstock. Attest, ISRAEL 
 RICHARDSON, Moderator. 
 
 Woodstock, December 37th, 1793." 
 
 ' ' This may certify that Hezekiah Lincoln, Gersham Dunham, Juniah Chap" 
 man, Justin Smith, David Whitcomb, Daniel Hazen, Asa Pixley, Putnam Wil- 
 son, Philip Spi'ague, Wm. Pixley, Joel Richards, Philemon Hazen, each and 
 every of them, belong to the Calvinistic society composed of the North of Hartford 
 and South of Norwich, and pay for the support of pi-eacliing here and each pro- 
 fesses the principle above described. 
 
 Attest, SYLVANUS SMITH, Moderator." 
 
 January 7, 1795. 
 
 ' ' This is to cei-tif y to whom it may concern that Isaac Turner of the town of 
 Hartford, County of Windsor and State of Vermont is a member of the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church and regularly contributes to the support of the ministry 
 of that order. 
 
 Given under my hand this 12th day of March, A. D. 1800. Shadrock Bostwick, 
 presiding elder in said church and district including the town aforesaid." 
 
 " This will certify that I am not of the religious sentiment of the majority of 
 this town." Signed. SAMUEL PEASE. 
 Hartford, Nov. 31, 1805. 
 
 " This is to certify that I Daniel Sprague am not of the Religious sentiment 
 that the majority of this town is of. Therefore I don't wish to join society with 
 them." Signed. DANIEL SPRAGUE. 
 
 Harteord, May 15, 1805. 
 
 " This may certify that Capt Stephen Try on is a member of the protestant 
 Episcopal church in this town; that he contributes foy the support of said denom- 
 ination and therefore is exculpated by law to suppoii; any other in Hartford." 
 
 Hartford, Sept. 20, 1805. Certified by me RUSSEL CATLIN, Rector. 
 
 The severance of the relations between church and State, or cutting 
 the churches loose from dependence on State support, and throwing 
 them wholly on their own resources, thereby establishing the voluntary 
 system, met with strong opposition, but it placed the respective denom- 
 inations on a footing of equality, removed iavidious distinctions, and, in 
 time, those who had most strongly upheld the time-honored relation, 
 pronounced the " Toleration A.ct," a good and wholesome law. 
 
 The early settlers, as well as the proprietors of the town of Hartford, 
 recognized the fact that constitutional freedom is ever insecure unless 
 it is founded upon the immutable laws of God. They believed with 
 Demosthenes, that all law is the invention and gift of Heaven, the reso- 
 lution of wise men, the correction of every offence, and the general com- 
 pact of the State ; and with Grotius, that God approves and ratifies the 
 
HISTORY OF HAETFOED. 205 
 
 salutary constitutions of government made by men. Actuated by these 
 sentiments, the proprietors made early and liberal provisions for the 
 support of the Gospel at home, and its propagatiom in foreign countries. 
 The charters of all the townships on the New Hampshire Grants, con- 
 tained provisions for the sequestration of lands for public, pious and 
 charitable uses, among which one whole share was to be reserved for 
 the first settled minister. 
 
 At a proprietors' meeting held in Windham, Gt., November 3d, 1762, 
 the following vote was passed, viz ; " That in making a second division of 
 lots among the proprietors, a one hundred acre lot, in the most conven- 
 ient place, shall be reserved for the first settled minister." ' The first 
 official action taken relative to erecting a meeting house was May 17th, 
 1774, viz : 
 
 "At a meeting legally warned and holden the 17th day of May, 1774, at the 
 house of Elijah Strong. 
 
 Voted — To build a meeting house as near the centre of the town as is conven- 
 ient for a building spot, and the dimensions of the house "to be 35 feet by 50, and 
 two story high. 
 
 Chosen — Darius Sessions to make a survey to And the centre of the town. 
 
 Chosen — Darius Sessions, Capt. Joseph Marsh, and Amos Eobinson a com- 
 mitty to set down the stake where the meeting house shall be." 
 
 The committee reported as follows : — 
 
 " We the subsci'ibers being chosen a committee to find a spot to build a house 
 upon, for the worship of God, met and agreed as follows, viz: — finding the 
 centre of said Hartford to be East 18 degrees South 35 rods from the south-west 
 corner of a lot of land called ' the Minister's lot,' from thence south ten degi-ees 
 west 16 rods, — and there stuck a stake for the spot to build the house." 
 
 The town adopted the report and voted £100 lawful money of New 
 Hampshire, to build said house, which was to be completed by Septem- 
 ber 1st, 1775. Capt. Joseph Marsh, Jonathan Birtch, Esq., and Amos 
 Robinson, Esq., were chosen a committee to supeiintend the buL\ding 
 of the house. John Marsh then owned the land upon which the house 
 was to be built, and the building committee were instructed to 
 agree with said Marsh for the land to set the meeting house on and 
 enough for a convenient green. 
 
 Subsequently the land on which the house was to be built passed 
 into the possession of Daniel Dewey. May 3, 1791, the selectmen of 
 the town made an arrangement with Mr. Dewey by which he deeded to 
 the town " the land lying in the meeting-house square," in exchange for 
 other land. The record of this transaction may be found in Vol. 2, 
 page 59, Land Records. 
 
 For some reason, not expressed in the records, the building commit- 
 tee did not then proceed to the work of building a meeting-house, and 
 
 'This lot was deeded by Rev. Thomas Gross to Bani Udall, March 30th, 1808, 
 for a consideration of $2717, and is now owned and occupied by Franlc McCarty. 
 
206 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 it appears by the following record that several years elapsed before the 
 subject was again publicly acted upon. The record is as follows : — 
 
 " At a meeting legally warned and liolden at the house of David Bliss on the 
 9th day of September, 1783:— 
 
 Chosen — Govr. Marsh moderator as mentioned in the Covenant.^ 
 
 Voted — To build a meeting-house in the centre of the town. 
 
 Voted — To choose a comtee to buUd sd meeting-house. 
 
 Chosen — Govr Marsh, David Wright, Oliver Udall, Thos. Wl\ite Pitkin and 
 Andrew Tracy sd comtee. 
 
 Voted — To petition the Gen'l Assembly to grant the town libei-ty to tax their 
 land in the town for the purpose of building a meeting-house in town. 
 
 The Legislature at the October Session in 1783, passed an act author- 
 izing towns and parishes to erect proper houses for public worship and 
 support ministers of the Gospel. 
 
 It seems very likely that this action by the General Assembly resulted 
 from the petition made to that body in conformity to the above vote of 
 the town, which ante-dated the passage of said act about one month. 
 One of the probable results of the enactment of this law would be the 
 building of a meeting-house by the petitioners in this case, very soon 
 thereafter. It is a fact that the selectmen of the town, in June 1781, 
 pitched two or more 100 acre lots to the ministerial right, the first 
 being " No. 16," at the centre of the town, pitched in accordance with 
 the vote of the proprietors, November 3d, 1762. This lot was desig- 
 nated as the " Minister's lot," but there is no evidence that it was 
 occupied as such by any settled minister prior to the time that Mr. 
 Gross took possession of it, by virtue of the provisions named in -the 
 charter of the town. 
 
 riBST CONOREGATIONAL PREACHING. 
 
 The first congregational preaching in Hartford was by Rev. Aaron 
 Hutchinson, about the year 1774, possibly earlier by a year or two. In 
 the records of the town of Woodstock, Vt., under date of September 3, 
 1774, the following entry is found : — 
 
 " The free-holders and other inhabitants being assembled in town 
 meeting — voted to hire Mr. Aaron Hutchinson for five years in connec- 
 tion with Hartford and Pomfret." " 
 
 This method of hiring a minister was in accordance with the system 
 pursued at that time. There was at the time of these proceedings no 
 congregational church nor society in Hartford. The arrangements for 
 preaching were made by the town. Were our town records not lost, it 
 is probable that we might find therein a record of the action taken by 
 
 'The existence of a Covenant implies the existence of an organized society of 
 some kind. 
 
 ''Mr. Hutchinson settled in Woodstocli in 1776, and continued to preach there 
 until 1781, when the firstcongregational church in Woodstoclc was formed. 
 
History of hartford. 307 
 
 the town, in connection with Woodstock and Pomfret, in regard to 
 hiring Mr. Hutchinson. It is now the prescribed rule in calling minis- 
 ters, for the letters to be issued by a committee of the church joined by 
 a committee of the society. " The call should proceed from the church, 
 in the first instance in order that it may have ecclesiastical or binding 
 force as a religious ordinance ; the action of the society is merely sub- 
 sidiary, and has reference only to temporalities, such as salary, settle- 
 ment, use of parsonage, &c. Such rights, towns in their corporate 
 capacity continued to exercise, — a concurrence on their part with the 
 church being requisite for the lawful settlement of a minister until the 
 Legislature passed acts taking away from towns all such power, and 
 societies came in place of towns in contracts for hiring and settling 
 ministers." — Formerly meeting-houses were built and owned by towns : 
 now they are built and owned by societies ; yet, as a rule, congrega- 
 tional societies embrace more or less church members. 
 
 During the period when the towns hired and settled ministers, clergy- 
 men were more highly venerated and honored by the people at large, 
 than they are at the present time. "The clergyman, in those days, was 
 the minister; that is, the servant of the town and people ; but the pas- 
 tor, that is, the keeper, the shepherd of the church. Then permanence 
 gave dignity and authority to the office ; gravity, learning, and a pater- 
 nal interest and care for the whole people, made the minister the first 
 and principal man in the town, whose character, especially if for good, 
 impressed itself thoroughly and permanently upon the whole town, and 
 all its interests and institutions." * * * "What a change a half cen- 
 tury with its new notions has brought about 1 The reverence paid, and 
 authority yielded to the clergy, is gone — and with them are gone much 
 of the peace, order, sobriety and prosperity of our communities, especi- 
 ally in the agricultural regions. The old-fashioned charity, hospitality, 
 and brotherly kindness, have vanished away, and their place has not 
 been supplied by any gifts or graces, that should cause their loss not to 
 be noticed and lamented. Possiby in worldly prosperity, some show of 
 advance has been made, but in domestic felicity and neighborly good 
 feelings, the by-gone days may fearlessly challenge a comparison with 
 the present times." — John JS. Hill. 
 
 We are wanting in the piety and devotedness of our fathers and moth- 
 ers. In those early days, all made it a point to attend meeting every 
 Sabbath in some way. They would travel many miles over bad roads 
 and in the worst of weather, on foot and on horseback, to attend relig- 
 ious worship. Of the early ministers it is said that "they toiled in the 
 cold and in the heat, by day and by night, traversing the wilderness 
 
208 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 from one solitary dwelling to another, by marked trees and half-made 
 roads, fording rivers and other streams." They were mostly itinerants, 
 receiving but little pay, but they persisted in doing the Master's duty, 
 without money or price. They did service for the dead and for the liv- 
 ing alike ; gave solace to the dying, spiritual aid and comfort to the 
 living, — indeed, they were pastors, advisers, genial companions — ^in a 
 word, Christians in practice, as well as in profession. They possessed 
 no great literary qualifications, yet their ministrations were well adapted 
 to the condition of the people whom they visited. Though having no 
 " summer vacations " at Saratoga, or other fashionable resorts ; though 
 not domiciliated in cozy parsonages, but a stone's throw away from 
 places of worship, nor having the advantage of the modern labor-saving 
 system of exchanging sermons, whereby one and the same sermon may 
 go the rounds to edify an indefinite number of congregations, they gen- 
 erally died at a green old age and in the harness. 
 
 THE FIBST CONGEEGATIONAL SOCIETY. 
 
 A Congregational Society was formed at the centre of the town in 
 1805. This was, probably, the first religious society formed in the town, 
 and took the place of the town in regard to hiring and settling minis- 
 ters, supporting a preached gospel, and building meeting houses, par- 
 sonages, etc. Below is given the petition for a meeting of the inhabit- 
 ants ; the warning issued by the town clerk for said meeting, and the 
 proceedings of the meeting, as found in the town records : — 
 
 PETITION. 
 
 " We the subscribers, inhabitants of the town of Hartford, in the County of 
 Windsor, and State of Vermont, being sensible of the broken situation of the in- 
 habitants of said town in respect to religious order; and being desirous that some 
 method may be agreed upon by said inhabitants whereby a preached gospel may 
 be regulary administered and supported among us: — do hereby, as the law di- 
 rects, petition the Town Clerk of Hartford to warn a meeting of said, inhabitants 
 (excepting such as have heretofore entered into covenant for the same purpose 
 at the north meetuig-house in said town, or are otherwise cleared as the law 
 directs) to see if they will form themselves into a society as the law duects, for 
 the above mentioned purpose; and, if so, to choose such ofi&cers, and make such 
 further regulations in said society, as they shall think best. 
 
 Hartford, 20th Mai'oh, 1805. 
 
 Signed — Elisha Marsh, Benjamin Russ, Abel Marsh, Milo Marsh, Wm. Perry, 
 Paul Pitkin, Olmstead Gates, Daniel Ransom, Jonathan Whitney." 
 
 WARNING. 
 
 " By a petition of a number of the inhabitants of the town of Hartford, to 
 warn a meeting for the purpose of forming themselves into a regular society in 
 the centre of said town for the support of the gosyel ministiy, according as the 
 law du-ects: — This is therefore to warn the inhabitants of said town to meet at 
 the meeting-house in the centre of the town, on Wednesday the 6th day of June 
 next, -at 1 o'clock P. M. for the above purpose. 
 
 FREEGRACE LEAVITT, Town Clerk." 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 209 
 
 PEOCEBDINGS OF THE MEETING.' 
 
 " Wednesday, June 6th, 1805. — After said meeting was opened made choice of 
 Joseph Marsh Esq. for Moderator. 
 
 Motioned and seconded to try the mind of said town — whether they would act 
 on the above warning or not ? 
 
 Voted — That they would. 
 
 Made choice of Freegrace Leavitt for their Clerk. 
 
 On motion — Voted to raise money from the above date, to the 35th of Decem- 
 ber next, to pay Mr. Gross his annual salary, and to continue to support order in 
 the centre of said town, by a tax, untU it shall be othei-wise agreed on. 
 
 Made choice of for their committee — Elisha Marsh, EUjah Mason. 
 
 Treasurer, Freegrace Leavitt; Collectors, Roger Marsh and Roger GUlett. 
 
 Attest: FREEGRACE LEAVITT, Town Clerk." 
 
 CONGREGATIONAIi CHURCH PAPERS. 
 
 The first Congregational organization ia Hartford was the church 
 formed at the centre of the town. The records, both of the church and 
 the society at the centre of the town have disappeared, and nothing 
 remains to the historian to enable him to arrive at any satisfactory con- 
 clusion regarding the date of the organization of the first Congrega- 
 tional church. It has already been shown that Eev. Aaron Hutchinson 
 preached at the centre of the town, and elsewhere in the town, as early 
 as 1 774. Rev. Thomas Gross who was the first settled minister in the 
 town, was ordained, according to Thompson, June 7, 1786. The follow- 
 ing item from the record of the Congregational church in Woodstock 
 clearly proves that the church in Hartford was organized some time 
 before the ordination of Mr. Gross : — 
 
 " May 21st [1786] a Letter from the Chh. at Hartford was read requesting the 
 assistance of this Chh by their Pastbr and a Delegate to assist at the ordination 
 of Mr. Thomas Gross. The Chh voted to comply with their request and Br EUas 
 Thomas was chosen as a Delegate." 
 
 June 30th, 1787, the church was invited to a Council in Pomfret. Mr. 
 
 Gross was present and offered the concluding prayer at the installa- 
 
 , tion of Eev. Benjamin Bell, over the churches of Windsor and Cornish, 
 
 N. H., Dec. 1, 1790. He was also in Woodstock July 22d, 1792, 
 
 when the church there renewed their covenant. 
 
 The foregoing comprises all of the tangible evidence now in posses- 
 sion of the historian relating to the church prior to 1812, with the 
 exception of the fact that Mr. Gross was dismissed in February, 1808. 
 By whom he was succeeded, previous to the ordination of Rev. Austin 
 Hazen in 1812 is a matter of conjecture only. After Mr. Hazen's ordi- 
 nation, a reorganization of the church took place, and owing to the con- 
 
 ' This action of the settlers appears to have been in their capacity as a town or- 
 ganization ; this society probably having the character of a " parish " — such as ex- 
 isted at that time in Connecticut and Massachusetts. 
 
 14 
 
310 HISTOE.Y OF HARTFORD. 
 
 fused state of previous records, a new record book was opened, into 
 which was copied the covenant originally made, and a list of the mem- 
 bers of the church at that time. The new record book was in use until 
 July, 1860. This book, which was in possession of Eev. Mr. Eay as late 
 as 1870, has disappeared, consequently the church has suffered the 
 irreparable loss of its records covering a period of at least three-fourths 
 of a century. Fortunately, however, the historian made copious extracts 
 from the record book opened in 1812, whUe engaged in the work of col- 
 lecting data for a history of the town in 1869-70, the greater portion of 
 which is contained in the following history of the church. 
 
 On the l2th of May, 1812, Rev. Austin Hazen was settled over the 
 church and society at the centre of the town, and on the 27th of May 
 following was ordained as pastor. The following extract is taken from 
 the new record book opened on that day, begining at p. 3, viz :■ '' The 
 brethren of the Chh being deeply impressed with the importance of 
 keeping a fair record of their proceedings for their own and for the 
 benefit of those who may hereafter be admitted to their fellowship, and 
 finding former records, in several respects, very deficient, and being 
 unable to correct them, have deemed it expedient to preserve them in 
 their original form — to ascertain as accurately as possible their situa- 
 tion on the 27th of May, 1812, at which time the Eev. Austin Hazen was 
 regularly ordained as their pastor, and from that date m^ke a new rec- 
 ord, opening with 
 
 THE CONFESSION OP FAITH. 
 
 You believe that there is one eternal only living and true God, Father, Son and 
 Holy Ghost; that God entered into a covenant of works with man upon condi- 
 tion of perfect obedience — that our first parents, by eating the forbidden fruit, 
 cast themselves and their posterity into a state of sin and misery — ^that God of His 
 mere mercy hath sent His only begotten Sou into this world, who, in our'nature, 
 hath borne the curse, and answered the demands of the law for us — that aU who 
 believe in Him are justified and shah, be kept by the mighty power of God imtq 
 salvation — that at the day of judgment Christ shall descend from heaven' and 
 shall condemn all ungodly men into everlasting fire with the devil and his angels, 
 and shall invite His saints to the possession of a kingdom prepared for them 
 before the foundation of the world. This you profess to believe ? 
 
 THE COVENANT. 
 
 You do now in the presence of God and this assembly take the Lord Jehovah, 
 Father, Son and Holy Ghost, to be your God, and do give yourself (selves) to be 
 His, and promise that you will make the word of God the rule of your faith and 
 practice — that you wiU make it your great concern to work out youi' own salva- 
 tion with fear and trembUng — that you wiU submit yourself to the establishment 
 of Christ's church regularly administered in this place, and that you wUl, in 
 brotherly love, seek the peace and welfare of this church so long as God 
 shall continue you here. This is as far as you know your own heart(s), divine 
 grace assisting, your determination." 
 
 On a thorough examination it was ascertained that the church then 
 consisted of the following members : — 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 211 
 
 *Stephen Tilden, 
 *Thomas Ti-acy, 
 *Abel March, 
 *Dorothy Mai-sh, 
 *Israel Gillet, 
 *John Gillett, 
 *Jemiina Gillet, 
 *David BUss, 
 *Phebe Bliss, 
 *Mary Strong, 
 *Jaoob Hall, 
 *Esther Hall, 
 *DeBire Morse, 
 *Mary Brooks, 
 fMary Wood, 
 jjerusha Tilden, 
 *Martha Gates, 
 Olmsted Gates. 
 fMarahah Holbrook. 
 *CyntMa White, 
 *Hannan Pease, 
 *David Wright, 
 *Hannah Wright, 
 *Polly Tracy, 
 *Mrs. Wilson, 
 *John Clark, 
 *Deborah Clark, 
 *Noah Bartholomew, 
 *Abigail Chapman, 
 +Ruth Ti-acy, 
 *Abigail Whitney, 
 *Jonathan Whitney,Dea, 
 *Jedediah Strong, 
 *Rebecca Eider, 
 *Abigail Wright, 
 *Sai'ah Tracy, 
 *Israel Webster, 
 *Sophiah Webster, 
 *Dolly Bill, 
 *Joanna King, 
 *Thomas Savage, 
 *Sybbel, Dimmock, 
 *Anna Lyman, 
 
 March, 1813 
 
 Jan. 38, 1831 
 
 Dec. 1831 
 
 Sept. 1813 
 
 July, 1839 
 
 Jan'y, 1829 
 
 Nov. 1838 
 
 May, 1813 
 
 July, 1834 
 
 April, 1823 
 
 Feb. 1814 
 
 Jan'y 1816 
 
 Jan'v 5, 1837 
 
 Sept. 1, 1847 
 
 Dec. 1828 
 
 Aug. 3, 1834 
 
 July. 1813 
 
 Nov. 1838 
 April, 1818 
 Feb'v, 1833 
 
 June, 1814 
 
 Feb'v, 1834 
 
 Feb'y, 1813 
 
 Jan'y, 3, 1833 
 
 May, 1823 
 Feb'y, 1813 
 
 May, 1838 
 
 Oct., 1814 
 
 , Jan'y 7, 1813 
 
 Feb. 25, 1832 
 
 June, 1814 
 
 Jan'y 2, 1813 
 
 Sept., 1814 
 
 Oct. 29, 1841 
 Apr. 25, 1831 
 
 1844 
 
 *Luci'etia Cooley, 
 *Mabel Bartholomew, 
 *Sarah Udall, 
 *Anna Woddward, 
 Charity B. Kneeland, 
 ■Solomon Strong, 
 •James Tracy, 3d, 
 •Wm. Webster, 
 
 • Lydia King, 
 Lucy Whitney, 
 
 *Rizpah Ti-acy, 
 tSaUy Clark, 
 *Kirby Clark 
 Susanna Smith 
 Sylvia Pease 
 *Joanna King, 
 Eliphalet Smith, 
 tWm. Marsh, 
 *Joshua Clark, 
 t Abigail Clark, 
 *Hannah Smith, 
 f Daniel Clark, 
 fJohn D. Hazen, 
 fWintlu-op D. CiUey, 
 Jonathan Cilley, 
 tPolly Pitkin, 
 tBetsy BiU, 
 {Wealthy Woodworth, 
 Abel Dunklee, 
 Ruth Dunklee, 
 fPaul Pitkin, 
 fSamuel Whitney, 
 *Rachel Stone, 
 *Polly Noble. 
 *Susannah French, 
 fLaura Miner, 
 Betsy Tilden, 
 *Daniel Marsh, 
 ■ Rizpah Dutton, 
 
 • Eleazer Harwood, 
 ■Abigail Harwood, 
 
 Total, 84. 
 
 Sept. 1813 
 
 Feb'y, 1813 
 
 1835 
 
 Sept. 26, 1800 
 
 Sept. 19, 1834 
 
 Dec, 1813 
 
 May, 1823 
 
 June 16, 1817 
 
 Dec, 1813 
 
 1840 
 
 June 33, 1817 
 
 Sept. 1815 
 Oct. 1813 
 
 Nov. 1813 
 Apr. 1831 
 
 Nov. 1816 
 
 Sept. 1, 1823 
 
 Dec 1813 
 
 Feb., 1828 
 Mch., 1814 
 
 Feb., 1831 
 
 May. 1833 
 
 Dec. '7. 1853 
 
 Julv. 1813 
 
 Nov. 6, 1857 
 
 Dec. 11, 1839 
 
 May, 1833 
 
 Sept., 1816 
 
 *Date of death, f Date of dismissal by letter. 
 
 [Note. — Dates of death later than 1829 inserted by historian.] 
 
 RECOED OF CHURCH MEETINGS 1813-1830. 
 
 Sept., 1813. — A proposition was unanimously adopted to hold an annual con- 
 tribution for the purpose of defraying the expenses of the communion table at a 
 preparatory season, in preference to contributions on the Sabbath immediately 
 after communion. Mch. 1813. — Eleazer Harwood was chosen deacon in place 
 of Jonathan Whitney deceased. Bro. Hai-wood requested time to consider the 
 subject. May 1813. — It was stated that Abel Marsh expressed dissatisfaction 
 with the result respecting his complaint against Eleazer Harwood, May 8th, 
 1813, and desired the privilege of submitting the case to a council of laymen. It 
 was voted to grant his request and Deacons Clark and John Gillet were chosen 
 to agree with him as to who should compose the council. July 8, 1813. — At a 
 meeting held to consider Mr. Marsh's complaint against Mr. Harwood — the coun- 
 cil, composed of Jacob Bennett of the chh in Woodstock, and Hezekiah and Solo- 
 mon Hazen of the chh of Dartmouth College, decided unanimously that the com- 
 plaint was not supported. 
 
 March 15, 1815. — Brother Harwood finally declined accepting the oflfice of a 
 deacon, and Daniel Marslj was chosen. Doubting his qualifications to fill the 
 important office, Mr. Marsh requested time to consider the subject. 
 
312 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 Dec. 4, IS 15. — Brother Marih declined accepting the office of a deacon and the 
 chh. chose Paul Pitkin. Brother Clark being disqualified by the infirmities of 
 age requested that some one might be chosen in his place. Judah Bailey was 
 designated. These brothers asked time to consider whether it was their duty to 
 accept the appointment. 
 
 JarCy 4, 1816. — Brothers Bailey and Pitkin, with becoming difSldenoe, ex- 
 pressed their wUlingness to serve as deacons according to their abfiity. 
 
 June 3d, 1816. — The constitution of the Union Consociation was laid before the 
 church, with a request from the Consociation to send a delegation to their next 
 meeting with a view to membership. Sabbath, June 9th, it was voted to adopt 
 said Constitution, and Dea. Judah Bailey was chosen to attend the next meeting 
 of the Consociation, with the pastor. June 12th, the chh. was admitted as a mem- 
 ber of the Union Consociation. 
 
 Dec. IS, 1816. — Bro. David Wright, with whom the Chh. had long been labor- 
 ing, made a confession which was accepted as prepaiing the way for his restora- 
 tion to fellowship. Bro. Abel Marsh with whom also the Chh. had been laboring, 
 asked for further forbearance. Granted. 
 
 Dec. 1, 1817. — After a full and candid discussion adjusted the unhappy diffi- 
 culty which has long subsisted with brother Marsh by mutual concessions. 
 
 From the above date no case of discipline occurred which was not 
 adjusted by explanation and concession, or public confession, without 
 being reported to the church, for more than nine years. During these 
 years the church transacted its ordinary business at its stated con- 
 ferences, and nothing was transacted except the admission and dismis- 
 sion of members which it was deemed important to record, and those 
 are recorded in their proper places. 
 
 At a meeting of the church held at the house of the pastor Feb. '20th, 
 1827, the question of temperance was discussed, after which two-thirds 
 of the members present expressed a willingness to wholly abstain from 
 the use of ardent spirits, as a drink, for one year. Inasmuch as there 
 was a distillery located but a few rods away from the parsonage, and 
 some members of the church were engaged in manufacturing whiskey 
 there, this action of the church members was carrying the war into 
 Africa with commendable zeal, and it evidences the fact that there was 
 a need of reformation in that quarter. Tradition informs us that it was 
 customary, in Mr. Gross's time, for members of his church and congre- 
 gation, to resort to the tavern at noon-time on the Sabbath, and indulge 
 in a mug of hot flip, or sling, and that even the preacher was not free 
 from this propensity. 
 
 At the meeting of Feb. 20th, the following question was proposed : 
 " Will the church as a body do anything towards supporting the ordi- 
 nances of religion among them ? " No vote was taken at this time. At 
 a meeting of the church, January 10th, 1829, the question was proposed: 
 " Will it be expedient to maintain meetings statedly at the centre meet- 
 ing-house when meetings shall have been regularly established at the 
 new meeting-house 1 Voted that in our opinion it will not be expedient." 
 The pastor being invited to preach in the new meeting-house, Sunday, 
 January 11th, the brethren advised him to accept the invitation. January 
 
HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 313 
 
 22d, after prayer and considerable deliberation, it was decided not to be 
 expedient to divide the church at that time. It was voted "to establish 
 a monthly meeting for the edification of the church." It was also voted 
 to hold the next communion in the new meeting-house ; ' also that bro- 
 thers H. P. Leavitt and Samuel Tracy, be a committee to settle with the 
 pastor in regard to his salary. 
 
 At a meeting of the church held April 23d, 1829, Mr. Hazen present- 
 ed the following communication : — 
 
 "Dear Bhethben: — 
 
 " Late events of providence among us clearly indicate to my mind 
 that it is my duty to seek a dissolution of the connection which has so 
 long subsisted between us, and which on many accounts has been very 
 pleasant to me. When I acceded tn your invitation to settle among you 
 in the christian ministry, I anticipated a division of the parish. I sup- 
 posed the time would arrive when meetings would be established in the 
 two principal villages'' in the town, in which case the old meeting-house 
 would be abandoned and your pastor left to seek another field of labor. 
 Tbat period has arrived. Meetings have been commenced in these 
 villages, a,nd another in addition within the original limits of my parish.' 
 In consequence of these divisions I am left without a prospect of sup- 
 port, and see no alternative but to request you to unite with me in 
 calling a council to dissolve my pastoral relations to you. I trust you 
 will readily perceive the propriety of this request, and cheerfully grant 
 it." (Signed) AUSTIN HAZEN. 
 
 It was voted to accede to the request, and H. F. Leavitt and Daniel 
 Marsh, were made a committee to agree with the pastor on the churches 
 to compose the council. The record of the council is as follows : — 
 
 " At an Ecclesiastical Council convened at the house of Rev. Austin Hazen, in 
 the South parish of Hartford, mutually called by the church of Christ in that 
 place and their pastor by letters missive, on the 39th day of April, 1839. — 
 Present : — 
 
 Rev. Samuel Goddard, pastor, and Brother John Emerson, delegate, North 
 Church, in Norwich. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Bascom, pastor, and Brother Abijali Burbank, delegate, church 
 in Sharon. 
 
 Rev. Abraham Brown, pastor and Bro. Asahel Dutton, delegate. North church 
 in Hartford. 
 
 Rev. John Richards, pastor, and Dea Daniel Dana, delegate, church in Wood- 
 stock. 
 
 Rev. James W. Woodward of Norwich. 
 
 The council organized and chose Rev. Samuel Goddard, moderator, and Rev. 
 J. W. Woodward, scribe. Opened with prayer by the moderator. The Rev. 
 Geo. W. Campbell of the State of Maine, an agent of the A. C. Society, being 
 present, was by consent of the pastor and committee of the church, invited to 
 sit in council. 
 
 The request of the pastor for a mutual council with a view to the dissolution 
 of his pastoral connexion, and the vote of the church complying, were commu- 
 nicated. 
 
 The council, after maturely deliberating upon the question submitted to them, 
 unanimously came to the conclusion that Brother Hazen's support having failed 
 in consequence of local divisions in the society, it is expedient that his pastoral 
 
 ' At White River Village. ' W. Hartford and White River Villages. ' Quechee. 
 
314 
 
 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 relation to this church and people be, and hereby accordingly is, dissolved on 
 the 4th day of May next." 
 
 After expressing their sympathy for Mr. Hazen, in the circumstances 
 
 of trial in which he was placed, and their condolence to the church, the 
 
 council closed as follows : 
 
 " The council also feel it their duty, besides, a testimonial of the fidelity of the 
 pastor which they have with this people, to recommend in consideration of the 
 pecuniary sacrifices he has incurred during his connection with them, and which 
 must probably be enhanced by this separation, that his present dismission be 
 accompanied by some proof of their justice and of their estimate of his charac- 
 ter and services. They feel that in so doing the command of the Savior will be 
 fulfilled, " Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you do ye even so 
 them." Signed, SAMUEL GODDARD, Moderator. 
 
 JAMES W. WOODWARD, Scribe. 
 
 I have recently found some papers that show conclusively that the 
 tax upon the grand list of Mr. Hazen's parishioners, added to dona- 
 tions, must have been entirely inadequate to his support, even under 
 the strictest system of economy possible" at that period. The entire 
 amount raised from all sources in 1818 was as follows : 1st voluntary 
 subscriptions : 
 
 Thomas RoweU $3.00 
 
 Capt. Josiah Tilden 3.00 
 
 Elam Brooks, Esq 8.00 
 
 Mr. Foster 1.00 
 
 Samuel Dorr 1.00 
 
 Erastus Clark 3.00 
 
 Joseph Fenno _ _ _ - _ 1.00 
 
 Total, 124.50. 
 
 ON GRAND LIST OF PAEISHIONERS. 
 
 Dericke Stebbins Sl-OO 
 
 Major D. Wright & Son 3. 00 
 
 Dan. D.Wright 2.00 
 
 Thomas Savage 1.00 
 
 Ira Gates _ 1.50 
 
 Jonathan Hoit 2.00 
 
 Eliot Porter 3.00 
 
 GiUett, Billa $393.50— $13.43 
 
 GiUet, Israel, Jr: 231.50— 9.84 
 
 Geer, Nathan 65.00— 3.76 
 
 Hazen, JohnD 83.25— 3.54 
 
 Kneeland, Edward 33.38— 1.43 
 
 Marsh, Roger 341.00— 10.24 
 
 Marsh, PoUy 16.75— 3.69 
 
 Taft, Abijah 136.50— 6.00 
 
 Trumbull, David 34.30— 1.45 
 
 Ti-acy, James 310.50— 8.75 
 
 Tracy, Thomas, Jr 30.00— .85 
 
 Tracy, John.__ __ 48.25— 2.05 
 
 N. Cobb's bill, $1.95; 
 
 Ti-acy, James, 2d 55, 
 
 TUden, Stephen 344, 
 
 Mai-sh, Joseph H 128 
 
 Smith, Ashbel _, 
 
 Spooner, Daniel 68, 
 
 Stone, Enos 97 
 
 Terry, John 36 
 
 Tracy, Joseph 179. 
 
 Webster, Wm __. 75, 
 
 Wales, Geo. E 71, 
 
 White, Jonathan. 97, 
 
 Total 
 
 Paul Pitkin, $4.74. 
 
 00— 2.34 
 50— 14.64 
 .50— 5.46 
 
 .35— 
 63— 
 
 .75— 
 .50— 
 00— 
 50— 
 37— 
 25— 
 
 2.82 
 2.93 
 4.16 
 1.55 
 
 - 7.61 
 
 - 2.36 
 
 - 3.03 
 
 - 4.14 
 $189.40 
 
 6.69 
 
 Elias Lyman $.5.00. 
 
 Zerah Brooks 3.00. 
 
 Asa TUden /.-_ 3.00. 
 
 Zebulon Delano... 1.00. 
 
 $34.50. 
 
 DONATIONS. 
 
 John Emerson 1.00. 
 
 Noadiah White 1.00. 
 
 Warren Lord 1.00. 
 
 John Strong 1.50. 
 
 Total, $36.50. 
 
 Tax, &c., $146.09. Donation, 
 
 $146.09 
 
 Benj. Green _-_ 5.00. 
 
 Abigail Savage 3.00. 
 
 Samuel Weld 1.00. 
 
 Eleazer Davis 2.00. 
 
 $36.50. Grand total. 
 
 to the collector of the tax was as fol- 
 
 Subscription 
 $197.09. 
 
 The form of warrant issued 
 
 lows : 
 
 State of Vermont, ) To George E. Wales, one of the collectors of the 1st 
 Windsor County, ss. ) Congregational Society in the town of Hartford, for the 
 support of the Gospel for 1818. Greeting: 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 215 
 
 By the authority of the State of Vermont, you are hereby commanded to levy 
 and collect of the several persons named in this Rate Bill, herewith committed 
 to you the sum of money assessed to each person respectively, and pay the sum 
 to the Treasury of said Society on or before the first of April next. And if 
 any Person shall refuse or neglect to pay the sum in which he or she is assessed 
 in said Rate Bill, you are hereby commanded to distrain the goods, chattels or 
 estate of such person so refusing and the same dispose of according to Law for 
 the satisfying the said sum with your own fees, and for want thei-eof you are 
 hereby commanded to take his or her body and him or her commit to the keeper 
 of the Goal in the County of Windsor, within said Prison, who is hereby com- 
 manded to receive such person, and him or her safely keep untiU he or she pays 
 the simi assessed with legal cost together with your fees, or be otherwise Re- 
 leased or discharged according to law. 
 
 Given under my hand this 33d day of Deo'r, 1818. 
 
 (Signed) JAMES TRACY, Justice Peace. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 SECOND CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY. 
 
 At a meeting of citizens friendly to the project of erecting a meeting 
 house in the vicinity of White River village, held in the dwelling house 
 ■of Phineas Kimball, agreeable to a previous notice, on the 5th of Nov., 
 
 1827, Hon. George E. Wales was chosen moderator and John Strong 
 clerk. A committee consisting of John Grout, Zerah Brooks, David 
 Trumbull, Jonathan Bugbee and John Strong was chosen to select the 
 best place for erecting a meeting house, within one mile of the school 
 house in said village ; to devise means to raise money for the purpose 
 named-; to make an estimate of the cost of said house, and report at a 
 future meeting. 
 
 Nov. 12th inst., an adjourned meeting was held in the house of 
 Phineas Kimball, when, on motion, it was resolved, — 1st. That a relig- 
 ious society be formed to be denominated the Congregational Society 
 of White River village ; 2d. That the committee appointed at the pre- 
 vious meeting, be authorized to draw a plan of a meeting house to be 
 built; circulate a subscription, etc. Nov. 26th inst. Meeting was 
 again convened and the building committee reported a plan for a meet- 
 ing house fifty by seventy feet, divided into eighty pews, and fixed the 
 price of each at fifty dollars ; and decided that the site at the vvest end 
 of the village was the most eligible. They reported that the gross 
 expense of site and building was estimated at $4000. At this meeting 
 H. F. Leavitt was chosen clerk of the society. Dec. 3d, Phineas Kim- 
 ball, Wylys Lyman and H. F. Leavitt were chosen a committee to draft 
 a code of by-laws for the society. 
 
 December 25, 1827, the by-laws and constitution were submitted, con- 
 sidered and adopted. The organization was completed January 7th, 
 
 1828, by the election of officers, viz : Clerk, H. E. Leavitt ; treasurer, 
 John Grout ; prudential committee, John Grout, David TrumbuU, John 
 Strong, Phineas Kimball and Zerah Brooks. At the annual meeting, 
 Dec. 25th, 1828, the price of slips was fixed at fifty-two dollars, and 
 January 8th, 1829, was chosen as the day for dedicating the meeting 
 house. January 1st, 1829, it was resolved "that this society most 
 respectfully and cordially invite the North church and congregation to 
 meet and uniie with us at our new meeting house in religious wor- 
 ship as one society," and a committee was chosen to carry the resolu- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 217 
 
 tion into effect. This communication was discussed by the people of 
 the North church, January 5th, when it was decided to be expedient to 
 form the union. H. F. Leavitt, John Strong and Wylys Lyman were 
 chosen a committee to supply the society with preaching, and instructed 
 to hire Eev. Austin Hazen for twelve Sabbaths. 
 
 January 19th, the society extended an invitation to the church and 
 society which had hitherto worshipped at the Centre meeting house to 
 make the new meeting house in White Eiver village their stated place 
 of worship. This invitation was accepted. Thus the two societies 
 were consolidated under the title of " The Second Congregational 
 Society," and the Congregational church at the Centre simply trans- 
 ferred itself, so to speak,to White River village, and there still preserves 
 its identity as " The Congregational church." Eev. Austin Hazen was 
 hired to preach twelve Sabbaths at the rate of $400 per year, if for only 
 for three months ; and $300, if continued through the year. At the 
 expiration of the twelve Sabbaths Mr. Hazen was dismissed, and imme- 
 diately after sought a new field of labor. 
 
 CLERKS OP THE SOCIETY. 
 
 Nov. 5, 1827, to Nov. 26, 1827, John Strong of CeutreviUe. 
 Nov. 26, 1827, to Dec. 25, 1829, H. F. Leavitt of centre of the town. 
 Dec. 25, 1829, to Dec. 15, 1832, WyUys Lyman of Lyman's Point. 
 Dec. 15, 1832, to Dec. 14, 1867, Justin C. Brooks, White River village. 
 Dec. 14, 1867, to Deo. 16, 1871, Charles H. Tenney, White River village. 
 Dec. 16, 1871, to Dec. 20, 1884, Ephraim Morris, Wliite River village. 
 Dec. 20, 1884, to Dec, 1886, N. W. White, White River vUlage. 
 
 CONGKEGATIONAL CHFECH, WHITB EIVBE TILLAGE. 
 
 At a meeting of the church at the house of Mr. John Grout, held 
 March 10th, 1830, it was voted that Rev. Charles B. Haddock, a pro- 
 fessor at Dartmouth College, be appointed moderator of the church, 
 and also as scribe.' It was also voted, "that in future the chui-ch 
 would worship at the meeting-house in White River village." 
 
 June 15th, 1830, at a meeting of the church, it was voted that 
 brothers Reuben Hazen and Joel Dimmick, and sisters Almira A. Dun- 
 bar, Sybel Dimmick, Jane Phelps and Charity Noble, at their request, 
 be recommended to the Congregational church in West Hartford. 
 Dec. 30th, the following persons received permission to unite with the 
 contemplated church whenever formed at Quechee, viz. : Elihu Wood- 
 ward, Mary Pitkin, Lucy Russ, Olive Russ, Rebecca Pease, Susan 
 Jennings, Erapta Marsh, Percy Marsh, Gratia Marsh and Mary Childs. 
 Oct. 12th, 1831, at a meeting of the church, it was voted, "That it is 
 
 ' March lo, 1830, Mr. Haddock was hired to preach by the Sabbath at I4.00 per 
 day. He continued a stated supply nearly twelve years. 
 
318 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 inconsistent with the rules of the gospel for professors of religion to 
 send or permit of their children's attending dancing schools and balls." 
 June 13th, 1832, Ephraim W. Page, was accused of intemperate drink- 
 ing, performing secular labor on the Sabbath, falsehood, profane swear- 
 ing, and neglecting to attend the ordinances of the gospel : John Strong 
 was the complainant. Brother Page, unlike Sister Riggs, declined 
 to patch up his sins, or whitewash them over, by accepting the means 
 proposed by the church to restore him to saving grace; nor would he 
 consent to put on an appearance of virtue as a means of reconciliation 
 with the church; and thus add hypocrisy to his other sins. He was 
 therefore excommunicated. 
 
 September 28th, 1832. Iia Tracy, having received license to preach 
 the gospel, was ordained at W. E. Village as a missionary to China. 
 On this occasion the following churches were represented by pasto? s 
 and delegates: North Hartford, West Hartford, South Norwich, 
 North Norwich, Strafford, Hartland, Windsol-, Woodstock, Royalton, 
 Sharon, Windsor (by Joseph Tracy, a brother of Ira Tracy) and Leb- 
 anon, N. H. August 29th, 1833, Bani Udall was indicted for having 
 laid violent hands upon his neighbors, for profanity, etc.; and persist- 
 ing in vindicating his conduct, was suspended. Oct. 9th, Mr. Udall 
 plead NOT GUILTY and an investigation was postponed until after the 
 December county court. Nov. 20th, Mr. Udall made confessions and 
 was restored to full communion. Dec 23d, 1835, after laboring with 
 Mr. Udall for six months for profanity, without success, he was ex-com- 
 municated. Other cases of discipline occurred during Rev. Mr. Had- 
 dock's term of service, which expired in 1841. 
 
 Feb. 2d, 1841, the church having enjoyed the labors of Mr. Geo. T. 
 Smith of Salem, Mass., for three Sabbaths, and having succeeded in 
 raising a subsciiption of $500 for his support, extended a call to that 
 gentleman to be ordained their minister. Mr. Smith gave a negative 
 reply. August 25th, 1841, a call was extended to Mr. John K. Loid, of 
 Hanover, which was accepted, and his ordination took place November 
 3d, 1841. For the purpose of showing who were then Pastors and act- 
 ing Pastors of neighboring churches, the proceedings on this occasion 
 are quoted in detail. 
 
 " Pursuant to letters missive from the Chui-cli of Christ at White River vil- 
 lage, Hartford, Vt., an Ecclesiastical council was convened at the meeting house 
 ia this place on the 3d of Nov. 1841, for the purpose of ordaining Mr. John K. 
 Lord to the work of the gospel ministry. 
 
 Present from the Church of Christ. 
 
 From Hanover Plain — Rev. Nathan Lord, DD., Rev. C. B. Haddock, Rev. 
 John Richards Acting Pastor. Norwich North — Rev. Samuel Goddard, Pastor, 
 Dea. Cyrus Partridge, Delegate. Norwich Plain — Rev. Roswell Shurtleflf, DD., 
 Acting Paster, Bro. I. B. C. Burton, Delegate. Woodstock — Rev. Worthington 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 219 
 
 "Wright, Pastor, Dea. Daniel Dane, Delegate. Lebanon, N. H.— Rev. Phineas 
 Cook, Pastor, Bro. Jedediah Dana, Delegate. Berlin — Rev. Austin Hazen, Pas- 
 tor, Brother Allen Hazen, Delegate. West Hartford— Rev. Roldin A. Watkins, 
 Acting pastor, Brother Lucius Hazen, Delegate. Hartford North— Rev. Carey- 
 Russell, Pastor, Brother Abner Newton, Delegate. Quechee — Bro. Shubel Russ, 
 Delegate. 
 
 Rev. Ira Tracy being present vi^as invited to sit in council as a corresponding 
 member. 
 
 The Council was organized by choosing the Eev. Eoswell Shurtleff, 
 DD., moderator and Eev. Carey Eussell, Scribe. Prayer by Moderator. 
 Evidences were then laid before the Council exhibiting the invitation of 
 the Chh. and society to Mr. Jno. K. Lord to become their pastor and 
 teacher. His answer was also given in the affirmative. The Council 
 then proceeded to an examination of the candidate in relation to his 
 doctrinal and experimental knowledge of Divine subjects. After a sat- 
 isfactory examination the council voted unanimously lo proceed to the 
 ordination of Mr. Lord as pastor of the church in this place. . 
 
 Voted, that the several parts of the ordination exercises be perf oi med 
 as follows : 
 
 Eev. Mr. Watkins — Invocation and reading of the scriptures. Eev. 
 Mr. Cook — Introductory prayer. Eev. Prest. Lord — Sermon. Eev. 
 Mr. Goddard — Ordaining Prayer. Eev. Mr. Hazen — Charge to the 
 Pastor. Eev. Mr. Eussell — Eight hand of Fellowship. Eev. Mr. 
 Haddock — Address to the people. Eev. Mr. Wright — Concluding 
 Prayer. Hymn and benediction by the Pastor. 
 
 Voted to adjourn till to-morrow morning at a quarter before ten, to 
 meet at the White Eiver hotel. Met according to adjournment. Then 
 proceeded to the meeting-house and ordained Mr. John K. Lord Pas- 
 tor of this church according to previous arrangements. 
 
 (Signed) EOSWELL SHUETLEFP, Moderator. 
 (Signed) CAEY EUSSELL, Scribe. 
 
 Attest— A true copy of record. CAEY EUSSELL. 
 
 A true copy from the records of the Council. 
 
 Attest. SAMUEL TEACY, 
 
 Clerk of the Church. 
 
 Dec. 8, 1846, at a called meeting, the church chose Samuel Tracy, 
 agent on the part of the charch, to execute a deed and bond of sale of 
 the parsonage. July 3, 1847, Eev. Mr. Lord, having received an invita- 
 tion to become pastor of the First Congregational church in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, requested the church to unite with him in calling a council. John 
 Strong, Allen Hazen, and Samuel Tracy, were chosen to act with the 
 ^ pastor in calling a council, but the step taken by Mr. Lord met with 
 great disfavor and evoked a spirited protest from the church. July 11, 
 Samuel Tracy was chosen to present the case before the feouncil, at 
 which time the church adopted several resolutions expressive of regret 
 that the pleasant relations which had existed for nearly six years be- 
 
220 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 tween the pastor and the church and society, should, contrary to their 
 wishes, be broken ; and of their disapprobation of the practice of dis- 
 turbing the pleasant and profitable relations between a pastor and his 
 people, that he may occupy a new and untried field, and that, without 
 consulting the wishes and opinion of those who are thus to be bereft of 
 a pastor, — that it tends greatly to discourage those churches and par- 
 ishes who take a moderate view of their own importance, and to encour- 
 age dissatisfaction and instability among those who think themselves 
 (with or without reason) to be the important ones ; and tends, also, to 
 lead ministers of the gospel to think too much of the approbation of 
 man to the neglect of the humble and faithful preaching of " Christ and 
 his cross," and gives great occasion to the enemies of religion to think 
 and speak of pastors as mere hirelings, and leads all to think lightly of 
 a settled ministry ; that it was only in view of the unscriptural practice 
 contemplated in the foregoing resolutions, and the urgency of the call 
 at Cincinnati, that the church would not make an effort to prevent the 
 dissolution of that connection which had hitherto so happily subsisted 
 between them and their pastor. The council dismissed Mr. Lord, and 
 his ministry at White River village terminated July 16, 1847.' 
 
 February, 1848. — The church having enjoyed the labors of Mr. Jo- 
 siah Merrill, for several Sabbaths, extended to him an invitation to be 
 ordained as their pastor, which he accepted and was ordained March 1, 
 1848. 
 
 Nov. 1st, 1849. — A letter missive was received from sundry individu- 
 als at West Lebanon inviting attendance by pastor and delegate in coun- 
 cil to assist in organizing a Congregational church in that place, and in 
 the dedication of their meeting-house to Almighty God. Mr. John 
 Strong was chosen delegate. 
 
 Nov. 18, 1849. — ^A letter missive from the First Congregational church 
 in Lebanon, was received inviting us by our pastor and delegate to meet 
 in council on the 21st inst. to advise and assist- in the installation of 
 Rev. C. H. Downs, as their pastor. Chose Br. Geo. Lyman, delegate. 
 
 June 15, 1847. — A letter missive from the church in W. Lebanon, N. 
 H-, was received inviting us to a council for the installation of Rev. Ru- 
 fus Case. Br. John Strong was appointed delegate. (A. Bailey substi- 
 tuted for Mr. Strong.) (Should have been inserted elsewhere.) 
 
 Dec. 12, 1851. — Alvan Bailey was delegate to an exparte council 
 called by a minority of the church in Hartland. 
 
 ' Mr. Lord labored in Cincinnati with his native ardor and fidelity, and with great 
 success, till, in the summer uf 1849, ^^^ cholera terminated his ministry, — all too 
 brief as it seemed to those who mourned his loss. But, in his own words, — " his 
 record is on high." 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 221 
 
 Samuel Tr9,cy was delegate for the installation of Eev. Dr. Clement at 
 Woodstock (1851). 
 
 Nov. 4, 1853 — John Strong, Allen Hazen, Nathan Gillett, Alvin Bai- 
 ley, and Samuel Tracy, were chosen a committee to consider and report 
 a plan for providing a vestry. 
 
 March 30, 1854. — Dea. Samuel Tracy being about to leave town for 
 Platteville, Wisconsin, himself, wife and daughter received dismission 
 and recommendation to any church where the providence of God might 
 call them. 
 
 Eev. J. Merrill, the pastor, was chosen clerk of the church.' 
 
 April 25, 1854 — Bro. John Strong was a delegate to sit in council at 
 West Hartford to advise with reference to the dismission of Rev. Wm. 
 Glaggett. (Mr. Claggett was not dismissed until May, 1859.) 
 
 On Nov. 3d, 1854, Mr. Ora Wood was chosen deacon in place of Dea. 
 Samuel Tracy who has gone to Wisconsin. 
 
 May 7th, 1854 — Agreeable to a letter missive, Mr. Allen Hazen was 
 appointed delegate to sit in council at Norwich North with reference to 
 the dissolution of that church. 
 
 Sept. 19 th, 1856 — -At a church meeting a committee was appointed to 
 confer with the pastor with. regard to a communication read by him to 
 the congregation on the previous Sabbath requesting the church to 
 unite with him in calling a council with reference to his dismissal. 
 This committee was authorized to take measures to adjust some dif- 
 ficulties existing between the pastor and some disaffected individuals in 
 the society.- 
 
 Sept. 26th, 1856 — It was voted that the church unite with the pastor 
 in calling a mutual council to act with regard to his dismissal. The 
 ecclesiastical council called on this occasion consisted as follows : — 
 
 Hanover — Rev. J. Richards, D.D., Pastor. Prof. S. G. Brown, Del. 
 
 Woodstock — Rev. J. Clement, D.D., Pastor. Benjamin S. Marsh, Del. 
 
 Quechee — Rev. Heman Rood, Pastor. Wm. L. Bragg, Del. 
 
 West Hartford — Julius Hazen, Del. 
 
 Sharon — Rev. John Adams, Pastor. 
 
 West Lebanon, N. H. — Rev. Rufus Case, Pastor. O. L. Stearns, Del. 
 
 Council was organized by the choice of Rev. H. Rood, Moderator. Rev. Jno. 
 Adams, Scribe. 
 
 After consultation, the Council resolved : that in view of the inadequacy of 
 the salary the pastoral i-elations existing between Mr. Merrill and the church 
 should be dissolved." 
 
 The last entry made in the missing book was as follows : — 
 
 March 4, 1859 — At a preparatory lecture, Mr. Edwin Goodell was chosen a 
 delegate to sit in Council at West Hartford ia reference to the dismission of Rev. 
 WilEam Claggett. 
 
 ' Mr. Tracy was clerk of the church from June, 1832, to March 30, 1854 — twenty- 
 one years and seven months; and deacon from Jan. 11, 1832, to March 30, 1854, a 
 period of twenty-two years and three months. 
 
232 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The foregoing constitutes nearly everything of material interest found 
 on the pages of the church record book commenced by Mr. Hazen with 
 the exception of the names of all persons, infants and adults, baptized, 
 and of those admitted to church membership from the date of Mr. 
 Hazen's ordination to July 1st, 1860, during the ministry of Rev. B. F. 
 Eay. These were copied in 1870, and, being the only authentic copies, 
 it is deemed proper to use them in this connection with a view to their 
 future preservation. It is probable that ■ not more than forty of those 
 whose names appear in the list of church members are now living. 
 
 INFANT BAPTISMS BY EBV. AUSTIN HAZEN. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Alvin Wood June 1813 
 
 Carlton Clark " - " 
 
 Larnud Clark " " 
 
 Mary Alexander Bang July " 
 
 Lucy KJmg " " 
 
 Azeeba King_ " " 
 
 Hopkins B. Pease _-- " " 
 
 Sawyer S. Stone... " 
 
 Emily B.Stone " 
 
 Siloh Dunklie :.-.. " 
 
 Mary Dunklie ... " 
 
 Lucia Dunklie " 
 
 Paschal Dunklie " 
 
 Thomas W. Pitkia Sept. " 
 
 MaryPitkin " . " 
 
 Lucius Pitkin " " 
 
 Persis Stone ... " " 
 
 Roswell Marsh .-. July 1813 
 
 James Marsh " " 
 
 Percy Marsh " " 
 
 Louisa Marsh " " 
 
 Leonard Marsh " " 
 
 Arabella Marsh " 
 
 EmilyMarsh " '■ 
 
 Daniel Marsh " 
 
 Rebecca Pitkin " " 
 
 George Pitkin " " 
 
 Joseph Tracy Aug. 1814 
 
 Ezra Carter Tracy " " 
 
 Myron Tracy " " 
 
 Warner Tracy " " 
 
 Ira Tracy. " " 
 
 Samuel Tracy " 
 
 Stephen Tracy. " 
 
 Elizabeth Harwood Sept. " 
 
 MeUnda Wood " 
 
 Hannah Lyman " " 
 
 Charles Gage Mch. 1816 
 
 Samuel Augustus Gage.-- " " 
 
 ElizaPitkin June " 
 
 Ruth Ann Dorr Nov. " 
 
 SheUys-..- Sept. " 
 
 List of persons admitted to the church from the beginning to the 
 
 close of Rev. Austin Hazen's ministry, May 1812, to July 1st, 1828. In 
 this table p, signifies admitted by profession ; 1, by letter ; *, dead ; J, 
 
 Joel Dimock 
 
 Mch. 
 
 1817 
 
 Joseph Wood Dimock 
 
 " 
 
 
 Calvin Dimock 
 
 (1 
 
 
 Bartlett Dimock 
 
 
 Sarah Dimock 
 
 a 
 
 
 Henry Dimock 
 
 a 
 
 
 Hannah Dimock 
 
 It 
 
 
 George Dimock 
 
 it 
 
 
 Wm. Sanford Hazen 
 
 July 
 
 
 Ebem-. Payson Dorr 
 
 " 
 
 
 Mary Ann Stone 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 Erastus Feno 
 
 . May 
 
 
 Sibbfil Dimink Fpno 
 
 a 
 
 
 Sophia Dmiham Feno 
 
 li 
 
 
 Philip Dimick Feno 
 
 a 
 
 
 Clarissa Feno 
 
 li 
 
 
 Hannah E. Hutchinson. - 
 
 Oct. 
 
 
 Wm. Austin Hutchinson. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Hazeah N. Penfield 
 
 " 
 
 
 Wealthy Wright 
 
 . Mch. 
 
 1818 
 
 EKza Wright 
 
 " 
 
 
 Austin Hazen Wright 
 
 (t 
 
 
 Sylvester Edson Feno 
 
 Jime 
 
 1819 
 
 Sophia Dana Hazen 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1820 
 
 Joseph Hazen 
 
 Deo. 
 
 
 Chas. Chapman Marsh- -- 
 
 May 
 
 1831 
 
 Levi RusseU Marsh 
 
 ti 
 
 
 Edward Warren Marsh.-. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Benj. Franklin Marsh 
 
 " 
 
 
 Allen Hazen '. 
 
 . May 
 
 1833 
 
 Cynthia Bugbee - . 
 
 . Mch. 
 
 1834 
 
 Geo. Pease Bugbee 
 
 (( 
 
 
 Sarah Blake Lyman 
 
 . Nov. 
 
 1838 
 
 Charles Blake Stone 
 
 . July 
 
 1835 
 
 Henry Morril Stone 
 
 
 
 EmUy Dora Hazen 
 
 . May 
 
 1836 
 
 Jane Lyman 
 
 - July 
 
 
 Mary Jane Lyman 
 
 " 
 
 
 Jonathan Bugbee 
 
 - Aug. 
 
 1838 
 
 Total 
 
 
 82 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 233 
 
 dismissed by letter ; o, excommunicated ; 
 membership given ; a, ordained. 
 Year. Month. Name. 
 
 b, baptized; c, certificate of 
 
 Year. Month. 
 
 Name. 
 
 p Joseph Tracy | 
 p Mrs. Brown i 
 1 Wni. Hutchinson | 
 p Ira Tracy, ordained 
 p Samuel Ti-acy | 
 p Roger Marsh * 
 p Mary Marsh t b * 
 1 Abigail Field * 
 p Mary Cliild b t 
 p Sally Porter b * 
 1 Cynthia Bugbee 
 p Stillman Simmons b 
 p Nancy Marsh b | 
 p Jei-usha Wright b | 
 p Orpha Fox * 
 p Nancy Hale 
 p Polly Wood 
 p Rhoda Eiggs b * 
 p Sarah A. Weld t 
 I Mrs. Christopher Pease^ 
 1 Mrs. Jerusha Leavitt* 
 Polly Smith* 
 Lucy Whitney^: 
 Abraham Marsh a 
 Eliza Russt 
 George Lyman| 
 Stephen Tracy 
 Martha Pinneo 
 Clarissa Tracy b * 
 Mary Strong b 
 Harriet Brooks b | 
 Laura Brooks b X 
 Ruby Gillett b t 
 Clementine Lyman b X 
 Lydia B. King b | 
 Nancy E. Douset 
 Harriet B. Porter b J 
 1 Mary B. Lyman J 
 1 Harvey F. Leavettl a 
 1 Minerva L. Leavitt* 
 1 Gershom Rice^: 
 1 Sarah Rice| 
 p Olive Russ b X 
 
 The two years following the dismissal of Mr. Merrill, preaching was 
 supplied from Hanover, N. H., and by Rev. O. B. Hitchcock, Rev. L. 
 R. B. Perkins, and Rev. E. T. Rowe, the two latter nearly a year each. 
 Rev. B. F. Ray commenced his labors in November, 1859 ; was installed 
 Feb. 7, 1860, and after a successful ministry of nearly eleven years was 
 dismissed July 11, 1870. His salary at first was seven hundred dollars 
 and the use of the parsonage, which was increased to twelve hundred 
 some time after. He removed to New Ipswich, N. H., where he died 
 January 7, 1872. His burial was in Hartford cemetery, at the request 
 of his former parishioners, who erected a monument there as a token 
 of their respect and affection. 
 
 1813 July, 
 
 p Percy Whitney | 
 
 1819 July 
 
 " Nov. 
 
 p Benjamin Clark, Jr X 
 
 " Mch. 
 
 1813 Mch. 
 
 D Mercy Strong X 
 Reuben Hazen t 
 
 " May 
 
 " May 
 
 1830 Sept. 
 
 f ( a 
 
 1 Polly Bailey* 
 
 II << 
 
 1814 Mch. 
 
 p Judah Bailey * 
 1 Abel Penfield :j: 
 
 1831 Mch. 
 
 " Aprn 
 
 (( H 
 
 " June 
 
 p Jane Phelps X 
 
 1823 Sept. 
 
 " July 
 
 p Joseph Tracy * 
 
 ct u 
 
 1815 Sept. 
 
 p Timothy Lester X 
 
 " Nov. 
 
 " Nov. 
 
 p Anna Gage 
 
 i( ii 
 
 1816 Jan. 
 
 p Wm. Webster * 
 
 1833 May 
 
 " Mch. 
 
 p Mrs. Emily H. Shellys * 
 
 ki ii 
 
 " May 
 
 p Abigail Pitkin X 
 
 " July 
 
 a ii 
 
 Abigail Bliss * 
 
 ii i,. 
 
 u ti 
 
 Mariuda Hazen X 
 
 " Sept. 
 
 " Sept. 
 
 1 Nancy Dorr X 
 
 1834 Mch. 
 
 " Oct. 
 
 1 Samuel Weld X 
 
 " " 
 
 <.. (( 
 
 1 Sally Weld X 
 
 " May 
 
 " Nov. 
 
 p Ruth Tracy * 
 
 1824 Nov. 
 
 '■ 
 
 p Elizabeth Hutchinson * 
 
 1825 Mch. 
 
 " • 
 
 p Lora Marsh X 
 
 " " 
 
 IC ii 
 
 p Lyman Marsh b * 
 
 " " 
 
 ii a 
 
 5 Mi-on Tracy X a 
 
 " May 
 
 a it 
 
 Orpha Clark 
 
 1826 July 
 
 1817 Jan. 
 
 p Erepta Marsh X 
 
 '■ Sept. 
 
 ii ii 
 
 p Gratia Marsh X b 
 p Olive Loomis X 
 p Joel Dimock X 
 
 !! !! 
 
 (4 Ii 
 
 H i( 
 
 p Elizabeth Feno 
 p Amira Smith X 
 
 .1 II 
 
 1817 Jan. 
 
 p Ezekiel Evans * 
 
 II 
 
 " May. 
 
 p Hannah Kibby * 
 
 1826 Sept. 
 
 " July 
 
 p ElDiu Woodward X 
 
 II it 
 
 " " 
 
 p Abigail Baker X 
 
 II II 
 
 " Oct. 
 
 p Susan Jennings X b 
 
 II II 
 
 (( (( 
 
 p Mary Green * 
 
 " Nov. 
 
 tf (I 
 
 p EUzabeth Wright * 
 
 U (( 
 
 " '' 
 
 p Melinda UdaU | 
 
 1827 July 
 
 " " 
 
 p Lucy HaU 
 
 ii U 
 
 1818 Nov. 
 
 p Ruth Pitkin * 
 
 1838 Feb'j 
 
 1819 Mch. 
 
 p Lucy Russ b % 
 
 i< II 
 
 " July 
 
 1 Frances M. D. Hazen * 
 
 " July 
 
234 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 On the 11th of September, 1871, the church and society voted to ex- 
 tend a call to Rev. Robert Southgate to become pastor, and offer him a 
 yearly salary of one thousand dollars and the use of two rooms in the 
 parsonage. Oct. 24, 1871, the offer was amended by offering, in ad- 
 dition to the above, a yearly vacation of four Sabbaths, and that Mr 
 Southgate should preach two sermons on the Sabbath whenever re- 
 quested to do it. This offer was accepted and Mr. Southgate was in- 
 stalled. His labors were terminated by his sudden death, while on a 
 visit at Woodstock, Feb. 6, 1873, at the age of sixty-five. 
 
 The church was next supplied, for a year from Nov., 1873, by Rev. 
 John Rogers. March 8, 1875 the church and society voted to give a 
 call to Rev. S. IngersoU Briant, with a salary of twelve hundred dollars 
 and the use of the parsonage. Mr. Briant accepted the call and was 
 installed pastor, May 20, 1875, in which relation he stUl continues, 
 (1889.) 
 
 The parsonage was built in 1848, and the vestry in 1860. The first 
 pipe-organ was put into the meeting-house by Phineas Fisher in 
 1885. It was built by a Mr. Phelps of Brookfield, Vt. In 1872, March 
 9th, the pew-holders voted to repair the interior of the meeting-house, 
 putting in new pews, furnace, &c., and in addition the old organ was 
 replaced by the one now in use, which cost $1700. The old organ was 
 sold to be placed in a Catholic church edifice in St. Albans. The cost 
 of repairs, including carpet and cushions was $5,575. The bell now in 
 iise is the fifth in number that has occupied the belfry, and may it be the 
 last. A bell to be used for no other purpose than that of calling peo- 
 ple to meeting at a permanently established, well-known hour, is quile 
 as superfluous as a bell to call people to a public concert, or other 
 secular entertainment. People who attend religious exercises should 
 consult their time -pieces with the same degree of interest that is mani- 
 fested by them regarding the hour fixed for opening places of amuse- 
 ment. 
 
 The total number of members admitted to the church since its organ- 
 ization, as appears of record, is as follows : 
 
 Number at the date of Mr. Kazan's ordination 85 
 
 admitted during his pastorate 86 
 
 " " ministry of Prof . Haddock 95 
 
 ofMr.Lord 69 
 
 ofMr.MerriU ..38 
 
 Nov. 1856 to Feb. 7, 1860 35 
 
 ' ' to July 1st, during ministry of Mr. Ray _ 14 
 
 between July 1, 1860 and Jan 1,1887 248 
 
 Membership dissolved by death 333 
 
 by letter 345 
 
 " " withdrawal 5 
 
 660 
 
 472 
 
 Membership January 1st, 1887. _ 188 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 335 
 
 The membership of the church at stated periods has been as follows : 
 May 27, 1812,' 85 ; January 1, 1831, 91 ; Sept. 1, 1833, 56; Aug. 1, 1835, 
 59; Aug. 1, 1836, 65; Aug. 1, 1837, 60; Aug. 1, 1838, 57; Aug. 1, 
 1839, 56 ; Aug. 1, 1840, 58 ; Aug. 1, 1841, 61 ; Aug. 1, 1845, 128 ; Jan'y 
 1, 1858, 115; Jan. 1, 1870, 181; Jan. 1, 1887, 188. 
 
 The number of 'baptisms between Jan. 6,^1859 and Jan. 1, 
 1887, is 78. For further statistical facts see record book in the hands 
 of the clerk, Eev. Mr. Briant. The deacons of the church since its or- 
 ganization are as foUowfe : In ofSce in 1812, Jonathan "Whitney ; ap- 
 pointed Jan'y 4, 1816, Paul Pitkin, Judah Bailey ; Jan'y 11, 1832, Sam- 
 uel Tracy, William Gillett ; May, 1845, Nathan Gillett ; Nov. 5, 1854, 
 Ora Wood. 
 
 WEST HAETFOED CONGEEGATIONAL CHUEOH AND SOCIETY. 
 
 From the first settlement of the town until 1828, the religious life of 
 the town flowed in a smooth channel. The Centre church and the church 
 at Dothan were associated until 1805 with Dartmouth College. A re- 
 arrangement, under the modern impulse to forsake the hills, and abide 
 in the valleys, or business centres, was in progress from 1828 to the date 
 of the dissolution of the Dothan church in August, 1847. The church 
 at Dothan was the parent of the church at West Hartford. At a meet- 
 ing of the church at Dothan, May 2d, 1830, the following petition was 
 presented by David Ingraham, Elder : — 
 
 " To the pastor and church and society, called Dothan Society, in 
 Hartford, greeting : 
 
 We whose names are underwritten being providentially situated at an 
 inconvenient distance to attend generally the meetings of the church to 
 which we belong, and in a neighborhood which has of late formed a re- 
 ligious society for the purpose of supporting the preaching of the gos- 
 pel, and as some of our neighbors who are members of other churches 
 agree with us on the expediency of forming a visible church in the soci- 
 ety, known by the name of West Hartford, present our request for let- 
 ters of recommendation to a council which may he called for the express 
 purpose of forming a church in the above named society, and until said 
 church shall be formed wish not to consider our relation removed. 
 
 N. B.: It is understoood that we expect to be in fellowship with the or- 
 thodox churches in the neighborhood, and hope to be established by 
 voice of a council already appointed for that purpose." 
 
 ' During the pastorate of Mr. Hazen, a period of seventeen years, eighty-six per- 
 sons united with his church. During that time he baptized eighty-two persons. He 
 recorded the date of the death of fifty persons who were members of his church at 
 the date of his ordination in 1812, and of about twenty-five of those admitted to his 
 church during his ministrations. Therefore the number of living resident and non- 
 resident members of his church at the date of his dismission in 1829, was ninety-six, 
 provided that his record of the whole number of decedents was correct. 
 
 15 
 
226 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The petition was dated " West Hartford, April 29, 1830," and was 
 signed by David Ingraham, Truman Newton, Burpee Prouty, Zavan Ha- 
 zen, David Wilson, Polly Wilson, Abigail Hazen, Sophia Ingraham, Ee- 
 becca Smith, Daniel Newton, Sabra Newton, Bachel Burton, Eunice 
 Newton, Abigail Savage, Lucius Hazen, and David Hazen. 
 
 On receiving this petition, the church appointed, as a committee to 
 confer with the petitioners, Brothers Solomon Hazen and Asahel Dut- 
 ton. May 8th, the committee reported their conference with the peti- 
 tioners, and recommended that their petition be granted. Whereupon 
 the church voted to give their consent, etc. Subsequently the church at 
 Dothan granted letters of recommendation to the church in West Hart- 
 ford to the following named persons : Eeuben Hazen, Alandrus In- 
 graham, Elijah Hazen and wife, Luna Dutton, Carlton D. Hazen and 
 wife, Deborah Hazen, Norman Hazen, Dea. Julius Hazen, Solomon 
 Crandall, Hannah D. Hazen, Avice Prouty, Dea. John Fuller and wife. 
 Harper T. Savage and wife, Mrs. Abigail H. Dutton, and others. 
 
 CONGKEGATIONAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The Congregational Society in West Hartford was organized January 
 29th, 1829. The first meeting was held in the little brick school-house 
 in this village on the above date. Dr. David Ingraham was chosen mod- 
 erator ; Phineas Parkhurst, clerk and treasurer ; Zavan Hazen, collector; 
 and David Hazen, Harvey Noble, and Joel Dimmick, prudential com- 
 mitte. 
 
 The constitution then ordained and established was then signed by 
 the following persons : — 
 
 Elijah H. Burton, 
 Thomas Crandall, 
 Calvin Dimmick, 
 Chaunoey Dimmick, 
 Joel Dimmick, 
 Oren Dimmick, 
 Samuel B. Dinmiick,' 
 James Dunn, 
 Jason Downer, 
 John Downer, 
 Stephen S. Downer, 
 James Gage, 
 Dan Hazen, 
 David Hazen, 
 
 EUsha Hazen, 
 Levi Hazen, 
 Lucius Hazen, 
 Lyman Hazen, 
 Reuben Hazen, 
 Reuben Noble Hazen, 
 Stillman Hazen, 
 Zavan Hazen, 
 Abel Howard, 
 Eliphaz Hunt, 
 David Ingraham, 
 Baxter B. Newton, 
 Tiaiman Newton, 
 Harvey Noble, 
 
 Hu-am Parkhurst, 
 Phiueas Parkhurst, 
 Oadwell Phelps, 
 Morris Phelps, 
 Jolm P ink s, 
 Burpee Prouty, 
 John Reddington, 
 Wm. A. Simonds, 
 Ii-a Tenney, 
 James Wade, 
 Asa Whitcomb, Jr., 
 WUlard White, 
 Noadiah White, 
 Thomas Whitney, 
 David Wilson. 
 
 Prior to the formation of this society many of the people in this sec- 
 tion attended religious meetings at the Centre of the town. Others at- 
 tended the meetings which were held by the Baptists, in the house of 
 Col. Joel Marsh, at West Hartford, and in the brick school house. Con- 
 
 ' Mr. S. B. Dimmick is the only surviving member who signed the constitution. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 337 
 
 verts to the Baptist faith were baptized in the river near where the 
 old hotel now stands. A Mr. Martin, who was a Christian minister, 
 preached here a few times about 1819. There is a blank in the records 
 of this society from January 7th, 1833, to January, 1838. During this 
 interim a meeting-house was built in 1882. The cost of this house, the 
 sale of pews, the registration of the pew-holders ; in a word, all the 
 bushiess transactions of the society during those five years, are matters 
 of doubt and uncertainty, owing to the culpable negligence of the clerks. 
 Dr. Ira Tenney and W. L. Bragg. 
 
 The church was organized June 3d, 1830. In pursuance of letters 
 missive from a committee at "West Hartford, who were members of Con- 
 gregational churches in other parts of the town of Hartford, an ecclesias- 
 tical council convened in the house of Dr. David Ingraham, in that vil- 
 lage, consisting of the following pastors and delegates, viz : — 
 
 North Church, in Norwich^Rev. S. Goddard, pastor, and J. Emerson, 
 delegate. 
 
 North Church, in Hartford— Eev. Austin Hazen, pastor ; A. Dutton, 
 delegate. 
 
 Sharon — Rev. Samuel Bascom, pastor ; Samuel Steele, delegate. 
 
 Pomfret — Dea. David Dana, delegate. 
 
 Royalton — Rev. A. C. Washburn, pastor ; George Rix, delegate. 
 
 Council was organized with Rev. S. Goddard, moderator ; and Rev. 
 A. C. Washburn, scribe. After proceeding to business, there appeared 
 Gershom Rice and Roger Marsh, as delegates from the church at White 
 River village. After long and serious deliberation, the council resolved 
 to form a church to be called " The Congregational Church of West 
 Hartford." 
 
 The following order of exercises was adopted : Sermon, Rev. A. C. 
 Washburn; fellowship of the churches. Rev. S. Goddard. The public 
 exercises were then proceeded with. The sermon by Mr. Washburn 
 was founded on 1. Thess. 2: 11, 12.: "And ye know how we exhorted 
 and comforted and charged every one of you as a father his children, 
 etc." 
 
 The following persons were then organized into a church, all of them 
 being recommended to the council from other churches, viz: David In- 
 graham, Truman Newton, Burpee Prouty, Zavan Hazen, David Wilson, 
 Polly Wilson, Eunice Newton, Lucius Hazen, Abigail Hazen, Sophia 
 Ingraham, Rebecca Smith, Daniel Newton, Sabra Newton, Rachel Bur- 
 ton, Abigail Savage, David Hazen, from the North church at Dothan ; 
 with two from the church at the Centre of the town, making a total of 
 eighteen members. During the year 1830, the membership of the 
 church was increased to thirty-seven, of whom six only were by profes- 
 sion. 
 
228 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Before the meeting-liouse was built, religious meetings were held in 
 the brick school-house by the Congregationalists, and in the house of 
 Joel Marsh by the Baptists. Eev. A. 0. Washburn was the first preacher 
 employed by the Congregational Society. He preached often during the 
 years 1828-29. Eev. Joseph White was the second acting pastor. His 
 ministrations extended to January 1st, 1833. Much religious prosperity 
 attended his labors. In a little more than one year sixty-seven united 
 with the church — fifty-five by profession. Prom January, 1833, to May, 
 1836, the pulpit was supplied by Eev. Samuel Bascom of Sharon, Eev. 
 Joseph White and Esthers. Eev. E. A. Watkins was acting pastor from 
 May 27, 1836, to January 12, 1845. During his ministry in 1842, there 
 were large accessions to the church. The next supply was Eev. Samuel 
 M. Stone, who preached from May 16, 1845, to August, 1846.' 
 
 Eev. William Olaggett, who was the first and only pastor of this 
 church, came with his family in December, 1846. He was installed Jan- 
 uary 31, 1849. The record of the council is as follows, viz : 
 
 " Pursuant to letters missive from the Congregational church in West 
 Hartford, an Ecclesiastical council convened at that place at 2 o'clock 
 p. M. for the purpose, if thought proper, to assist in the installation of 
 Rev. Wm. Claggett, as their pastor. The Council consisted of the fol- 
 lowing pastors and churches : 
 
 Pomfret, Rev. Elihu Smith, acting pastor; White River village. 
 Rev. Josiah Merrill, pastor ; Br. John Strong, delegate ; Norwich, 
 north, Rev. E. B. Emerson, pastor; Dea. Samuel Goddard, delegate ; 
 Quechee, Rev. John Dudley, acting pastor ; Dea. Solomon Crandall, 
 delegate; Sharon, Dea. Timothy Marsh, delegate. 
 
 Rev. Nelson Barbour, agent for the American Prot. Society, Rev. 
 John Adams and Rev. J. Richards, D. D., were present. After an in- 
 vestigation, the council voted to proceed with the installation. The 
 parts were then arranged as follows : 
 
 Invocation and reading Scriptures, Rev. E. B. Emerson ; introduc- 
 tory prayer. Rev. John Adams ; sermon. Rev. J. Richards, D. D. ; in- 
 stalling prayer. Rev. Nelson Barbour; charge to the pastor, Rev. Elihu 
 Smith; address to the people. Rev. John Dudley; fellowship of the 
 churches. Rev. Josiah Merrill; concluding prayer, Rev. E. B. Emerson; 
 benediction by the pastor. Rev. Wm. Claggett.'' 
 
 The council then adjourned to meet at the house of the pastor-elect 
 on the following morning. 
 
 Jan. 31st, Council met as per adjournment, and voted to proceed to 
 
 ' Mr. Stone met with a fatal accident in August, 1846. While on his way to Han- 
 over, N. H., to attend commencement exercises, he was thrown from his carriage 
 and his right leg was broken. From this accident he soon after died. 
 
 ' Mr. Claggett was dismissed in May, 1859. He died in Washington, N. H., 
 August 1st, 1870. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 339 
 
 the meeting-house and engage in the services, which were pei-f ormed 
 according to the arrangement. 
 
 ELIHU SMITH, Moderator. 
 JOHN DUDLEY, Scribe. 
 Attest, LUCIUS HAZEN", Clerk of Church and Society. 
 
 Rev. James B. Gilbert supplied the pulpit from June 1st to Septem- 
 ber 1st, 1859. He was succeeded by his brother, N. P. Gilbert, who 
 preached from October 16th, 1859, to Feb. 12th, 1860. From this last 
 date until the arrival of Rev. Horace Wellington, the society was sup- 
 plied by Rev. Heman Rood. Rev. Horace Wellington commenced his 
 labors in November, 1860, and continued until January Slst, 1869. 
 From Jan. Slst to April 4th, 1869, the church was supplied by Prof. 
 Henry C. Parker of Dartmouth College, who also preached several 
 times subsequently during the following five months. Prof. Parker 
 was very much liked. To a fine physique, he added a gracefulness of 
 manner, a pleasing address, deep learning, unquestionable piety, and a 
 fervent, earnest delivery. 
 
 Mr. Parker was succeeded by Messrs. Pierson and Frary, of Andover 
 Theological Seminary; Profs. Noyes and Packard of Dartmouth Col- 
 lege; Rev. Geo. E. Byington; Rev. Dr. Clement of Norwich, and Rev. 
 Mr. Smith of Hanover Centre, till Sept. 19th, 1869. Rev. Asa liem- 
 menway, formerly connected with the Siam mission, and late of 
 Mooers, N. Y., commenced his ministry in this parish, Sept. 18th, 1869, 
 and remained until January 1st, 1871. The pulpit was next supplied 
 by Rev. Bezaleel Smith, from April 9th, J 871, to January 1st, 1878. 
 Mr. Smith was succeeded by Rev. Frederick Newport, July 14th, 1878. 
 He preached until Feb., 1880. Rev. Robert D. Miller commenced his 
 labors Feb., 1880, and continued until 1885. Rev. S. L. Vincent, the- 
 present acting pastor, began his labors May 1st, 1885. Dismissed in 
 1887. 
 
 RECAPITULATION — PASTOKS AND ACTING PASTORS. 
 
 *Rev. Azel Washburn, A. P 1838. Jan. 1831. 
 
 Rev. Joseph White, A. P. _ - -Jan. 1831. Jan. 1833. 
 
 *Rev. Samuel Bascom, A. P __ July 1834. Jan. 1836. 
 
 *Rev. R. A. Watkins, A. P. May 1836. July 1845. 
 
 *Rev. Samuel M. Stone, A. P May 1845. July 1846. 
 
 *Rev. Wm. Claggett, Pastor Dec. 1846. May 1859. 
 
 Rev. James R. Gilbert, A. P_ May 1859. Oct. 1859. 
 
 *Rev. Nath. P. Gilbert, A. P Oct. 1859. Feb. 1860. 
 
 Rev. Heman Rood, A. P _ Feb. 1860. Nov. 1860. 
 
 Rev. Horace Wellington, A. P Nov. 1860. Jan. 1869. 
 
 Rev. A. Hemmenway, A. P _ _ . -Sept. 1869. Jan. 1871. 
 
 Rev. Bezaleel Smith, A. P Apr. 9, 1871. Jan. 1, 1878. 
 
 Rev. Frederick Newport, A. P July 14, 1878. Feb. 1880. 
 
 Rev. R. D. Miller, A. P Feb. 1880. Apr. 1885. 
 
 Rev. S. L. Vincent, A. P - -May 1, 1885. Apr.35, 1888. 
 
 *Known to have deceased. 
 
230 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 There have been fewer cases of discipline and excommunication in 
 the "West Hartford Congregational church than in the churches in other 
 parts of the town. Four cases only of excommunication have occurred 
 during a period of fifty-five years.' All of these were caused by a 
 withdrawal of the niembers, from the watch and care of the church, 
 this being the only misdemeanor charged against them. One of this 
 number was afterwards reinstated, and received a letter to the church 
 at White River village. 
 
 February 3d, 1861, the members of the church assented to a newly 
 
 framed confession. The fourth clause of the confession is here quoted 
 
 as it shows to what a deplorable condition a church, or a community 
 
 may be brought by the evil disposition and habits of a few individuals, 
 
 including both professors and non-professors of religion. The fourth 
 
 clause of the confession is as follows : 
 
 " We acknowledge to a great delinquency throughout this church in 
 respect to christian conduct and example, whereby the cause of Christ 
 has been much dishonored. We acknowledge the obligation upon us 
 as professed christians to seek the purity and honor of the church to 
 which we belong. And while there have been, and are still, to some ex- 
 tent, evils among us which dishonor the christian name, such as an undue 
 license of the tongue,'' attendance upon balls and dancing-parties, and 
 a lack of christian integrity in business engagements, we disclaim all 
 sympathy with such evils, and acknowledge our obligation and inten- 
 tion to seek to have them removed from the church for the honor of 
 Christ and the christian name." 
 
 DEACONS OP THE CHUECH. ' 
 
 *David Ingraham _._ June 1830 Mar. 1835. 
 
 *Burpee Prouty June 1830 Feb. 1849. 
 
 Solomon CrandaU___ Feb. 1835 _ Aug. 1840. 
 
 Constance Sheppard Jan. 1836 Mar. 1840. 
 
 *John Fuller July 1841 ...Sept. 1861. 
 
 Harper T. Savage Aug. 1845 _._Oct. 1856. 
 
 ■*Snas Ingraham Jan. 1860 Mar. 1865. 
 
 Carlton D. Hazen Jan. 1860 Jan. 1870. 
 
 Sherburn D. Hutching ...Apr. 1865 Apr. 1867. 
 
 *Fi-ankUnS. Hazen Feb. 1870 .. 1879. 
 
 JohnH. Hazen Feb. 1870 1887. 
 
 Geo. T. Hazen .May. 1882 " 
 
 *Dead. 
 
 ' The members of the church referred to were Noah Dutton, Enos Newton, Laura 
 Ann (nee Dutton) Newton, and Charles H. Thurston. In 1843, the first three be- 
 came "Second Adventists," but failing in their expectation to " go up," at the time 
 designated by Miller, their prophet, they renounced the church, and turned to the 
 "world." C. H.Thurston was cut off from the church March 29th, i866. After 
 a full confession made Feb. 17th, 1875, he was restored. Feb. 29th he was recom- 
 mended to the White River village church. 
 
 ' " The censorious cultivate the forms of religion that they may more freely in- 
 dulge in the only pleasure of their lives — that of calumniating those who to their 
 other feelings add not the sin of hyprocricy." — Colton. The most ridiculous de- 
 riders of piety, and the most bloodthirsty pirate upon the high seas, [are white souled 
 and harmless as doves in comparison with the man or woman, who play the infer- 
 nal roles of tale-bearers and scandal mongers against their neighbors. This class of 
 humanity are a deadly bane to society at large, and an incubus upon the churches 
 which they bring into contempt and decay. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 331 
 
 The clerks of the church and society are not all named in the re- 
 cords. The list of clerks of the church since June, 183.3, are as follows : 
 
 Samuel Dutton, Jr., June 1833 — Feb. 1835 ; Rev. Samuel Bascom, 
 Feb. 1885— Feb. 1836 ; Solomon Crandall, Feb. 1836— May 1836, and 
 Jan'y 1845— May 1845 ; Eandall A. Watkins, May 1836— Jan'y 1845 ; 
 Samuel M. Stone, May J846— Aug. 1845 ; Lucius Hazen, Aug. 1846— 
 May 1854 ; James B. Gilbert, May 1859— Oct. 1859 ; N. P. Gilbert, 
 Oct 1859— Feb. 1860 ; Loren B. Dudley, Feb. 1860— Nov. 1861 ; Carl- 
 ton D. Hazen, Nov. 1861 — Feb. 1870 ; Henry H. Hayes, (present clerk) 
 Feb. 12, 1870-1889. 
 
 The whole number connected with the church since its organization 
 is 303. The statistics of the church in January, 1885 were as follows : 
 Organization of the church, 1830 ; Minister, Eev. Robert D. Miller, A. 
 P.; church members, 21 males, 48 females. Total, 69 ; Sabbath-school 
 scholars, 50 ; families, 88 ; benevolent contributions, $30 ; house expen- 
 ditures, $400. 
 
 In 1860, the meeting-house underwent thorough repairs. The pews 
 were changed, the gallery was lowered a few feet, the walls were pa- 
 pered and the floors were carpeted. A new pulpit was built, and nice 
 lamps were affixed to this and to the walls of the house. Nearly the 
 whole expense of the repairs was defrayed by the Ladies' Sewing Society 
 of this parish, and the work was superintended by Messrs. Alvan and 
 Samuel B. Tucker. The late Abner Fuller, bequeathed to this society 
 the sum of $400, the interest of which was to be used for the support 
 of preaching. The late Thaddeus Dutton was constituted executor of 
 the will. March 24th, 1870, after much disagreement, the society ap- 
 pointed Bartlett Dimmick trustee of the fund. Later the fund was in- 
 vested in a parsonage, which was the first the society ever owned. 
 
 In 1884, the Congregational society expended about $1200 in making 
 improvements within and without their meeting-house. The pews, 
 pulpit and gallery for the choir, were constructed anew. The gallery 
 was placed in the corner of the house to the left of the pulpit and 
 facing the pews. New carpets were laid, new windows and blinds sub- 
 stituted for the old, new pulpit furniture and new heating apparatus 
 supplied, and the walls handsomely kalcomined. The new stoves were 
 the gift of Mr. Carlos Hazen, of Lowell, Mass., a native of West Hart- 
 ford. The pulpit furniture was contributed by the ladies of the parish. 
 
 CHABACTEEISTICS OP MINISTERS. 
 
 In consideration of the limited salary, offered and paid by this so- 
 ciety, it has been fortunate in obtaining many ministers of marked abil- 
 ity, and none, with one or two exceptions, who have not labored accept- 
 ably and successfully in the vineyard of the Lord. 
 
332 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Eev. Eandall A. Watkins, the first settled minister, was a man of ec- 
 centric character. He was however a deep thinker, and a profound 
 theologian. He had none of those prepossessing ways that mark the 
 popular preacher. His sermons were purely doctrinal, and he dealt 
 ponderous blows against the bulwarks of satan. He preached without 
 gesticulation, and in nasal tones, and on summer days, the most wake- 
 ful members of his congregation became a trifle drowsy, when the good 
 preacher reached the " fifthly " of the fifth division of his sermon. Mr. 
 Watkins was an inveterate smoker, and the weed being very offensive to 
 Mrs. Watkins, she arranged the matter to their mutual comfort and 
 satisfaction by having a hole cut through the fireboard, into which he 
 put his pipe, and the noxious fumes went up the chimney. Several 
 years after he left West Hartford, Mr. Watkins removed with his 
 daughter Elizabeth, near Chicago, 111., where in 1870, he died in a state 
 of wretchedness, filth and destitution, to which he had voluntarily aban- 
 doned himself, and subjected his daughter. An account of the matter 
 first appeared in the Chicago papers, which was copied by the press all 
 over the aountry. 
 
 Rev. Horace Wellington, who was acting pastor from 1860 to 1869, 
 was an able preacher, and during his ministry large accessions were 
 made to the church. He was not, however, one of those men who attract 
 by personal magnetism, and win friendly regard by deeds of loving 
 kindness. He cultivated acquaintances with but a few of his parishioners. 
 Had he been as attentive to all the sheep of his flock, as he was to a 
 few cossets, his services would have been generally more profitable to 
 the flock, and quite as acceptable to the Great Shepherd. 
 
 Eev. A. Hemmenway was a very popular man with all classes of his 
 parishioners, especially with the poor. From the time he began his 
 labors he brought many people out to meeting who had seldom, if ever 
 before, attended religious services. He acted the part of a Christian 
 gentleman, and won love and respect by being deserving of both. He 
 passed much of his time among his parishioners, ingratiated himself 
 into their favor by a uniform expression of kindly interest, ajid made 
 himself beloved and welcomed by every one. Consequently, he was 
 successful in his endeavors to promote the Master's cause. " Ubi mel, 
 ihi apes." Where there is a pleasing attraction there will be no want of 
 followers. 
 
.HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 335 
 
 The signers to the constitution at this meeting were as follows: — 
 
 A. G. Dewey, 
 S. J. MeiTUl, 
 H. E. Gilson, 
 Wm. L. Bragg, 
 Wm. Lindsey, 
 T. C. Slayton, ' 
 U. H. Chui-ch, 
 Clark Newton, 
 L. M. Benson, 
 D. L. Gushing, 
 Wm. 8. Carter, 
 J. C. Parker, 
 P. M. Anderson, 
 Urial Spalding, 
 G. W. Fogg, 
 Chas. K. Whitman, 
 Henry Safford, 
 Lucius Morse, 
 Willie C. Bliss, 
 Albourne Lull, 
 
 H. P. Taylor, 
 G. D. Eastman, 
 Jas. H. Tracy, 
 Oliver D. Tewksbury, 
 L. H. Cady, 
 Jacob Dimiok, 
 N. S. ShaUies, 
 Jos. C. Aikens, 
 E. P. Lamphire, 
 
 E. F. Sisco, 
 Ormon W. Wood, 
 Jno. C. Head, 
 Wm. WaUis, 
 
 J. C. Morse, 
 
 F. A. Sumer, 
 Clias. H. Gardner, 
 Jesse S. Gardner, 
 John Porter, 
 Jolin T. Sisco, 
 Nathan Haxlow, 
 
 Orman B. Head, 
 Frank S. Hewitt, 
 Chas. Tinkham, 
 Albert Smith, 
 Chas. H. Shattuck. 
 S. P. Buckman, 
 Asa Russ, 
 John L. Coolidge, 
 Thos. S. Carter, 
 Channing WUliams, 
 Wm. S. Dewey, 
 H. O. Stephens, 
 N. S. Holt, 
 Eugene Church, 
 Scott Tinkham, 
 Frank Saxie, 
 C. W. Cowen, 
 J. W. Parker, 
 Chas. A. Sperry, 
 Benj. Carpenter. 
 
 The first annual meeting was held Oct. 31, 1871, at which time John 
 Porter was elected president, and D. L. Gushing secretary of the soci- 
 ety. A committee of three, consisting of Charles E. "Whitman, Urial 
 Spalding and tJ. M. Church, was appointed by the president to present 
 the names of three members to act as a prudential and building com- 
 mittee for the year ensuing. On the 7th of November following, the 
 election of officers was completed by the choice of W. S. Dewey as treas- 
 urer, and Chas. E. "Whitman, collector. A building committee was then 
 chosen, consisting of J. C. Parker, D. L. Gushing, and TJ. M. Church. 
 The society voted to locate the meeting-house on what was known as 
 the " Euss place," ' owned by "W. S. Carter, and then occupied by John 
 Hart and E. F. Sisco. 
 
 At a meeting held Nov. 21, 1871, the building committee were in- 
 structed to employ Mr. T. "W. Silloway, of Boston, as architect. The 
 meeting-house was completed and dedicated on Thursday, May 23, 
 1873. The dedicatory exercises were conducted by Eev. Jonathan 
 Clement, D. D., assisted by Eev. "Wm. Sewall, of Lebanon, N. H., and 
 Eev. B. Smith, of "West Hartford. 
 
 Pursuant to notice given on dedication day, a meeting of the society 
 was held in the meeting-house May 24, 1873, J. C. Parker presiding. 
 On motion of Mr. James H. Piatt, the pews were sold at auction to the 
 highest bidders. Fifty-seven of the sixty-two pews in the house were 
 thus solid, the amount realized being $1393. The sale was made for a 
 fractional part of the year, terminating December 31, 1871. 
 
 ' This meeting-house occupies the site on wliich for many years stpod a brewery 
 or distillery. 
 
236 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Dec. 31st, 1873, the society decided to build a parsonage,' and chose 
 for a building committee Messrs. W. L. Bragg, J. C. Parker, D. L. Gush- 
 ing, and Sylvester Merrill. Dec. 20, 1879, John F. Sisco was elected 
 clerk of the society, which office he has continuously held to the present 
 time (1889). 
 
 At the annual meeting of the society Dec. 25, 1886, the following 
 named officers were elected: President, Henry Safford; committe, L. 
 H. Cady, C. E. Whitman, and E. W. Church ; treasurer, F. S. Hewitt ; 
 secretary, J. F. Sisco ; collector, H. O. Stephens. At the annual sale of 
 pews, Jan. 1, 1887, forty-five in number, the sum realized was $1184.50. 
 The salary of the pastor was fixed at $800, with free use of the parson- , 
 age, and an annual vacation of four weeks, at the time Eev. N. F. Carter 
 was engaged to preach. This is equivalent to a monied salary of 
 $1000. 
 
 THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN Q0ECHEE VILLAGE. 
 
 The first Congregational church in Quechee village was organized 
 Jan. 13, 1881. The records of this church open as follows : 
 
 "Hartford, Quechee Village, December 23, 1830." 
 
 To take into consideration the expedience, and, if judged expedient 
 to form a church in this place, a council by letters missive were con- 
 vened this day at the house of widow Marsh, consisting of: 
 
 Samuel Goddard, Pastor, Thomas Hazen, Del., Norwich, Vt. 
 
 Austin Hazen, Pastor, Daniel Hazen, Del., Dothan (Hartford.) 
 
 Daniel Dana, Del., from Woodstock. 
 
 Samuel Delano, Pastor, Seth Tinkham, Del., Hartland. 
 
 Joseph Marsh, Pastor, Peter Abbott Del., Pomfret. 
 
 Samuel Goddard was chosen Moderator and Joseph Marsh Scribe. 
 Meeting was opened with prayer by the moderator. The brethren who 
 were expected to be embraced in said church not all being present, a com- 
 mittee of three, viz : Samuel Goddard, Austin Hazen and Samuel De- 
 lano, were appointed to confer with them, and the council adjourned 
 till nine o'clock to-morrow morning." 
 
 December 24th, the council met as per adjournment, at the house of 
 Ethan Burnap, when it was deemed advisable to postpone proceedings, 
 to give time for further preparations. The council therefore adjourned 
 to January 13, 1831. On the day appointed the council convened at 
 the house of widow Marsh. Rev. John Richards, pastor of the church 
 in Woodstock, was present. After hearing a report of what had been 
 dfne since the adjournment, and of the state of things at the present 
 time, and all inquiries having been satisfactorily answered by Rev. Mr. 
 Stone, the council then examined the articles of faith and covenant pro- 
 fessed to be adopted, and finding them satisfactory, voted, unamiously, to 
 proceed in the formation of a church with such individuals as were ready 
 to be received. After addressing the throne of grace by the moderator, 
 a church was then formed consisting of the following named persons : 
 
 ' The parsonage is located on the site formerly occupied by the store of Barron 
 & Ransom, merchants. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 337 
 
 By letter — Zenas Darling, Benjamin Abbott, Dorcas Abbott, Olive 
 EiUSB, Rebecca Pease and Susan Jenning. 
 
 By profession — Elihu Ransom, Elihu Woodward, Jr., Esther Page 
 and Mariah Woodward. 
 
 The first communion was administered, February 6, 1831, by Rev. J. 
 F. Stone, who was the first acting pastor. On this occasion, the follow- 
 ing named persons joined the church, viz: Percy Marsh, Jane Randall, 
 Gratia Marsh, Mary Pitkin, Erepta Marsh, Emily Marsh, Molly Ses- 
 sions and Hannah Pease." 
 
 or MINISTERS. 
 
 I shall quote, verbatin, the records made by the clerks of the church 
 concerning ministers, from the organization of the church to the instal- 
 lation of the Rev. N. F. Carter. 
 
 " 1830, 1st Sunday in Feb. — Rev. John P. Stone, commenced preach- 
 ing and continued his labors for one year. 
 
 1831, August. — Mr. Goddard preached three or five Sabbaths. 
 About the first of September, this year. Rev. Joseph Marsh commenced 
 preaching and continued for six months. 
 
 1832, March. — Rev. Mr. Marsh preached three Sabbaths. June and 
 July Mr. Goddard of Norwich preached three Sabbaths. September 
 3d, Rev. Mr. Shurtleff of Hanover, commenced preaching, and preached 
 seventeen Sabbaths. 
 
 1833. — We were supplied by Mr. Shurtleff through the year. 
 
 1834, Feb. 6. — At a meeting of the church holden at the dwelling 
 house of E. Burnap, the church voted that they should be highly grati- 
 fied if the labors of Rev. Harvey Leavitt can be obtained. Also voted 
 that a committee of two be appointed to join the committee of the Con- 
 gregational society, and the committee of the Meeting- House Society 
 and unitedly give Mr. Leavitt a call, &c. (This proved unsuccessful.) 
 
 1834. — In October, Mr. Shurtleff discontinued preaching. In No- 
 vember, Rev. Mr. Taylor, preached three Sabbaths. 
 
 1835. — A protracted meeting was held for eight days in succession, 
 carried on by neighboring ministers, (thirty-four persons were added 
 to the church.) April 12, Mr. Wood (Rev. Luke) commenced preach- 
 ing here and preached five Sabbaths, then returned home. 
 
 tTune 30, 1835. — At a meeting of the Congregational church of 
 Quechy Village, holden at the Meeting house, — Voted, that we invite 
 Rev. Luke Wood, of Killingworth, Conn., to settle with ns in the Gospel 
 Ministry, as our iPastor & Teacher. Voted that we will give Mr. Wood 
 Three hundred dollars per year, provided the Congregational Society 
 in this place concur in the above votes. Voted that the Moderator, & 
 Mr. Shubel Russ (clerk) apply in behalf of the Church of the V. D. M. 
 Society for one hundred dollars to aid in supporting Rev. Luke Wood 
 the ensuing year, as our Pastor and Teacher. 
 
 August 26, 1835. — After mature deliberation Rev. Luke Wood con- 
 cluded to accept the invitation of the church and people of Quechy 
 
 ' December 14, 1830, the Congregational church of White River village passed 
 the following vote : — "That the following persons, viz : Elihu Woodward, Mary 
 Pitlcin, Lucy Russ. Olive Russ, Rebecca Pease, Susan Jennings, Erepta Marsh, 
 Percy Marsh, Gratia Marsh and Mary Childs, be permitted to unite with the con- 
 templated church, whenever formed, in Quechee village, and that when so united 
 they be considered as dismissed from our particular connection," 
 
338 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 Village, and this day he was installed to the pastoral care of said church 
 and people, by a convocation of ministers convened for that purpose. 
 
 May 15, 1837. — On the ground that his salary vras inadequate to a 
 support, the Rev. Luke Wood vf as regularly dismissed from his pastoral 
 relation to the church and society in this place. In September, Eev. 
 L. Bliss, commenced preaching as stated supply, and continued to 
 supply until December, 1839. 
 
 1840. — Rev. Thompson Bird supplied us for about three months. In 
 May — Rev. Job Oushman commenced preaching and continued until 
 March 1841. 1841, — 2d Sabbath, — Sewall Paine commenced preaching. 
 1842, March or April, discontinued. 
 
 1842, April 28. — Rev. George Butterfield commenced preaching and 
 closed his labors Jan'y 1st, 1845, when Rev. Abram Jackson com- 
 menced preaching and preached twelve Sabbaths. 
 
 1845, Apr. 5th.— Rev. Jno. Dudley, commenced preaching and 
 ministered to this church for the space of five years, when, having an 
 invitation to labor with the church at Danville, he felt it to be his duty 
 to accept, and left us in the Spring of 1850. 
 
 2rf Sabbath in June 1850, Rev. Abram Jackson resumed labors among 
 us and served the church as a stated supply until the fall of 1852. Rev. 
 Heman Rood commenced preaching as stated supply the third Sabbath 
 of January 1853, and left April 1st, 1858. — Eev. Mr. Haddock, of 
 Lebanon, N. H., commenced preaching in the Spring of 1858. 
 
 1861. — Rev. Prof. Charles B. Haddock's ministry here was terminated 
 by sudden death early in January. While stated supply here his 
 residence was in West Lebanon, N. H. Eev. Prof. S. G. Brown, of 
 Dartmouth College, supplied from the time of Prof. Haddock's death 
 till the last of July, 1861. Rev. Royal Parkinson began to minister, as 
 stated supplv, Aug. 1st,, 1861, and continued until March, 1868. Rev. 
 Prof. Aiken (Dart OoL), succeeded Mr. Parkinson, and preached till 
 August or Sept., 1863, when Mr. Wm. Bacon came. Mr. Bacon left for 
 Shoreham Jan'y 1, 1864, at which time Prof. Aiken again commenced 
 preaching and supplied the pulpit until about April 1st, 1865. 
 
 On the 12th of June, 1866, the church and society united in inviting 
 Rev. J. W. Kingsbury to become their pastor. Mr. Kingsbury ex- 
 pressed his acceptance on the 15th inst., and on the 28th inst. pursuant 
 to letters missive, a council convened in the house of worship, in Que- 
 chee Village, consisting of the following named churches : — 
 
 Hartford — Rev. B. P. Ray, pastor ; Charles D. Hazen, delegate. 
 
 West Hartford — Rev. H. Wellington, acting pastor. 
 
 Norwich — Rev. Wm. Sewall, acting pastor ; John Wright, delegate. 
 
 Pomfret — Rev. W. H. Kingsbury, acting pastor ; Elisha Hewitt, 
 delegate. 
 
 Woodstock — Dea. Dana Pierce, delegate. 
 
 Hartland — Eev. Chas. W. Clark, acting pastor ; EUas Bates, delegate. 
 
 Windsor — Eev. E. H. Byington, pastor. 
 
 W. Lebanon, N. H. — Eev. J. H. Edwards, pastor ; Dan'l Eichardson, 
 delegate. 
 
 The council was organized by the choice of Eev. B. P. Eay, Moderator, 
 
 and Eev. Charles W. Clark, Scribe. After a due consideration of the 
 
 call extended to Mr. Kingsbury, his letter of acceptance and other 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 339 
 
 papers, and a relation of the candidate's christian experience, followed 
 by an examination as to his theological belief, the council voted to 
 proceed with the services of ordination and installation, with the follow- 
 ing order of exercises :- — 
 
 Invocation and reading of the Scriptures, Rev. 0. W. Clark ; sermon, 
 Rev. J. H. Edwards ; ordaining and installing prayer. Rev. H. Welling- 
 ton ; charge to the pastor, Rev. E. Byington ; fellowship of the 
 churches. Rev. W. H. Kingsbury ; address to the people, Rev. B. F. 
 Ray ; concluding prayer. Rev. Wm. Sewall ; benediction by the 
 Pastor. 
 
 The exercises were performed at 1.30 p. m., and the council dissolved. 
 
 The pastorate of Mr. Kingsbury continued until Sept. 28, 1869, when 
 in accordance with the advice of a council composed of the churches in 
 Woodstock, Hartland, Hartford, and West Hartford, a dissolution of 
 his pastoral relation terminated. Mr. Kingsbury was succeeded by 
 Rev. Dr. Jonathan Clement, who preached as supply until November, 
 1874. 
 
 On the 12th of Nov. 1874, Rev. Melvin May was installed pastor by 
 an ecclesiastical council, the following churches being represented : — 
 Hartford — Ephraim Morris, del.; West Hartford — Rev. Bezaleel Smith, 
 A. P.; Woodstock — Rev. L. W. Hicks, pastor; Dea. Thompson, del.; 
 Pomfret — Rev. D. Goodhue, A. P.; Dea. E. Hewitt, del.; Sharon — Rev. 
 E. B. Chamberlain, A. P.; Windsor — Rev. R. T. Searle, pastor; Dea. C. 
 D. Hazen, del.; West Lebanon, N. H. — Rev. A. B. Rich, D. D., pastor ; 
 Dea. Saml. Wood, del.; Norwich — Rev. Wm. Sewall, pastor ; E. B. 
 Phelps, del. Also, Rev. A. D. Smith, D. D., president Dartmouth Col- 
 lege ; Rev. Jonathan Clement, D. D.; Rev. J. L. Pitch, from the church 
 in Hartford. 
 
 Rev. B. Smith was chosen moderator ; and Rev. Wm. Sewall, scribe. 
 The installation services took place at 1.30 p. m., in the brick church 
 edifice. 
 
 Mr. May was dismissed October 20, 1875. Next came Rev. A. B. 
 Chase, who was ordained Dec. 14, 1876. The council consisted of the 
 churches in West Hartford, Norwich, Hartford, Pomfret. Sharon and 
 Springfield. Rev. Dr. J. Clement was chosen moderator, and Rev. S. I. 
 Briant, scribe. Mr. Chase preached as stated supply until some time in 
 1879. The clerk of the church has omitted to record the date of Mr. 
 Chase's dismissal, nor is there any record of the council convened on the 
 occasion of his dismissal. 
 
 Under date of Dec. 13, 1878, 1 find the following, viz :— 
 
 " At a meeting duly notified for doing church business, Henry Safford 
 and Luther H. Cady were elected deacons by every member present bal- 
 loting." 
 
340 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Eev. N. F. Carter, after preaching eight months on trial, accepted the 
 
 following invitation to become pastor : 
 
 QuBOHBE, Feb. 2, 1880. 
 Rev. N. F. Carter : 
 
 Dear Beothee: — The imdersigned, on behalf of the Congregational church of 
 Christ, in Quechee, and the ecclesiastical society connected therewith, beg leave 
 respectfully to submit to your consideration the invitation or call to become pas- 
 tor of said church and society, together with the expression of oiir earnest hope 
 that you will be able to conclude it to be the desire of the Great Head of the 
 church that you accept the call and name an early day for the installation ser- 
 vice. Yours in the Gospel, 
 
 DANIEL L. GUSHING, ) 
 
 WM. L. BRAGG, [ Com. of Society. 
 
 J. C. PARKER. 
 
 HENRY SAFFORD, ) 
 
 L. H. CADY, [ Com. of Church. 
 
 R. A. SEAVER. \ 
 
 Mr. Carter's letter of acceptance was dated Feb. 5, 1880. Feb. 11th, 
 letters missive, signed by the members of tBe above named committee, 
 were sent to various churches. Feb. 18, 1880, pursuant to the letters 
 missive, an ecclesiastical council convened in the house of worship in 
 Quechee village. Eev. E. B. Chamberlin called the council to order ; 
 Rev. A. B. Dascomb was chosen moderator, and offered prayer ; after 
 which Kev. E. B. Chamberlin was chosen scribe. 
 
 After the usual preliminary proceedings, the council voted to proceed 
 to the installation of Mr. Carter ; and the moderator, the scribe, and 
 pastor-elect were appointed to arrange the order of exercises for the in- 
 stallation. 
 
 The order of exercises was duly observed, after which the council 
 dissolved. 
 
 Mr. Carter continued pastor of the church until September 22, 1887, 
 when he was dismissed. He was the twenty-fourth minister emyloyed 
 by the church and society in Quechee during a period of about fifty- 
 seven years. The pastorate of Mr. Carter extended over a period of 
 seven years and seven months. The number of members received into 
 the church during his pastorate was sixty-seven. 
 
 The total number of church members, as exhibited by the church 
 record, to 1887, is 300, of which number about 100 were admitted dur- 
 ing the first five years of the existence of the church. The unclerical, 
 unmethodical, manner of keeping the church records subsequent to 
 1837 is a reproach to those whose duty it was to make a clear, correct 
 and plainly legible record; The status of the church is given but 
 twice,' viz., in May, 1845, and in June, 1846. That of May is as fol- 
 
 ' I have said that the membership of the church is given but twice, to wit : May, 
 1845, and June, 1846. I have discovered under the head of " Miscellany," the fol- 
 lowing note: "1862, May ist, report 3, M.Ms. 29, fms — total, 32. Absent 5; 73 
 in S.S," which means that the number of church members, at that time, was 32 ; 
 males, 3; females, 29. Number of Sabbath-school scholars, 73. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 341 
 
 lows : Whole number of members 52 ; resident, 43; non-resident, 9 ; 
 females, 30; males, 13. That of June, 1846, is as follows : Whole 
 number, 65; resident members, 56; non-resident, 9; males, 21; females, 
 44 ; received by letter, 11 ; by profession, 4 ; dismissed by letter, 2 ; 
 net increase, 13. 
 
 There were but a few cases of discipline during a period of thirty- 
 seven years, ISSO-ISCV. Five persons only were excommunicated. 
 Owing to the incoherent manner of keeping the records, it is impossi- 
 ble to determine the names of the clerks and the deacons of the church. 
 It seems evident, however, that Shubel Russ officiated as clerk for 
 more than -thirty years from Jan'y, 1832. Among the deacons, were 
 Elihu Woodward, George Udall, Elisha Kinney, John Chase and 
 Solomon Crandall. 
 
 THE UNITED CHUECH OF CHRIST IN OLCOTT. 
 
 Religious services were held in Olcott, from the earliest settlement 
 (1886), in private houses and in the school house, mainly under the 
 du-ection of the Christian young men at Dartmouth College, with the 
 aid of the neighboring pastors. In December, 1887, it was thought 
 that the work could be better carried on by a church organization, and 
 at a meeting of all interested, it was unanimously voted to form a 
 Union Evangelical Church. A lot of land, at first offered for a Con- 
 gregational church, was donated to the proposed church. A creed, 
 covenant and rules of order were adopted and letters were secured by 
 several members, to such church; but, before the organization was 
 completed, the withdrawal of the Methodist members led to the aban- 
 doninent of the union enterprise. 
 
 The remaining members at a meeting held Aug. 9th, 1888, voted to 
 form a Congregational church. The gift of land was renewed to this 
 church. A council of the. neighboring churches at Hartford, Quechee 
 and Norwich, Vt., and Hanover, Lebanon apd West Lebanon, N. H., met 
 Oct. 14th, 1888, and after reviewing the proceedings of the church pro- 
 ceeded to recognize it as " The United Church of Christ " in Olcott. 
 It comprised eleven members. The devotional exercises were con- 
 ducted by Revs. E. T. Farrill, scribe, and R. C. Lansing. The mem- 
 bers were received and addressed by Rev. S. P. Leeds, moderator. The 
 prayer of recognition was by Rev. C. E. Havens, and the right-hand of 
 fellowship by Rev. S. I. Briant, with a response by Rev. A. S. Chase, 
 who is serving as pastor. Union services have been held in Cushman's 
 Hall since the Spring of 1888, and a Sunday-school with Edward Goss 
 
 as superintendent. 
 
 16 
 
CHAPTEE XVII. 
 
 PEESBYTBEIAlsr CHTTECH IN DOTHAlf. 
 
 The first Presbyterian church collected in this region was organized 
 in Hanover, N. H., in January, 1111, by Dr. Eleazer Wheelock, the 
 first president of Dartmouth College. In his pastorate in Lebanon, 
 Ct., Dr. Wheelock was a Congregationalist. When he came to Han- 
 over he deemed it expedient in the organization of the new church to 
 adopt the Presbyterian form of government. The benefactions pro- 
 cured by Dr. Wheelock to increase the means of improvement were 
 contributed by friends of religion and humanity in different parts of 
 America, in England, and in Scotland. The money collected in Eng- 
 land was put into the hands of a board of trustees, of whom the Earl 
 of Dartmouth was at the head ; and that collected in Scotland was com- 
 mitted to the society for promoting Christian knowledge. The Scotch 
 fund for the education of Indians, in connection with Moor's Charity 
 School, was therefore controlled by Presbyterians, and a cordial sym- 
 pathy with the donors was regarded as essential to the highest success 
 of their benefaction. 
 
 The original membership of this church was twenty-seven, and com- 
 posed of persons on both sides of Connecticut river; or, in fact, it was 
 a church consisting of two branches, one of them being in Hanover, 
 and the other in Hartford. Worship was held alternately in Hanover, 
 and in Dothan parish, in Hartford. Dr. Wbeelock ofl5.ciated as pastoi 
 until his death, April 24th, 1119. He was succeeded by his son-in-law. 
 Rev. Sylvanus Ripley, Professor of Theology in Dartmouth College, 
 who continued in the pastorate till his death, February 5th, 1787. Ir 
 1782, Rev. John Smith, D. D., became associate pastor, and continuec 
 in that capacity until his death, April 30th, 1809, at the age of 59. 
 
 The first meeting-house was erected in Hanover in 1796, and ii 
 Dothan about 1798. Previous to the erection of the meeting-house ii 
 Hanover, meetings were held in private houses, and then in the colleg 
 chapel. At Dothan, meetings were held for some time in the house o 
 Thomas Hazen, where Leonard Hazen -now lives. The Presbyteria] 
 Society built an extension to Mr. Hazen's house, to provide a large 
 apartment for church services. The Society at Dothan never possesse 
 a bell. For many years the people were summoned to meeting by th 
 unharmonious but far-reaching notes of a conch-shell, which was blow 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 243 
 
 by Mr. Hazen whOe he lived. After he passed away no one was found 
 competent to fill his place in sounding it. 
 
 Toward the close of the last century a controversy arose. As early 
 as 1784, Dr. Eden Burroughs, pastor at Hanover Centre, renounced 
 Presbytery and a schism took place in his church. The tendency of the 
 region did not favor the more prelatical form of government. Nearly 
 all the churches were organizing under the Congregational form of 
 government. Personal questions relating to the policy in the college 
 government, became associated in the said church polity, and the dis- 
 cussions were of a very earnest nature.' 
 
 Dr. Worcester declined to accept the professorship tendered to him 
 and Roswell Shurtleff was elected to that chair in 1804. This appoint- 
 ment put a new face upon the controversy. A majority of the church 
 members resided in Hartford. It was in their power to control all the 
 plans of those who resided in Hanover. Along correspondence ensued; 
 various propositions were made by the minority, but all were rejected, 
 that portion of the church and congregation who resided in Hanover, 
 with few exceptions, desired tl at Prof. Shurtleff should officiate as 
 colleague to Dr. Smith. This request was preferred to him in September, 
 1804. He declined the invitation. Then the Hanover branch requested 
 the Hartford branch to allow Prof. Shurtleff to receive " ordination at 
 large," and take pastoral charge of the Hanover people, whUe Dr. Smith 
 should continue to officiate in Hartford. This proposition was declined. 
 Thea the Hanover branch petitioned for a mutual council to determine 
 whether two churches should be formed, by a local division, — one in 
 Hanover and one in Hartford. This petition was rejected. Thereupon 
 the Hanover people called an ex parte council to advise with them con- 
 cerning their difficulties. The council recommended a division. This 
 result was not accepted by the Hartford people. The trustees were 
 requested to interpose their official power and settle the dispute. They 
 so far succeeded as to secure a mutufel council, who said : ''We judge 
 
 'Judge Nathaniel Niles, a trustee of the college as early as 1793, writes of the 
 inception of this controversy as follows: — "Although they thought themselves 
 Presbyterians, they often found it convenient to have church meetings. They met 
 on the occasion of the election of Dr. Worcester, as professor of Divinity, and 
 passed several votes expressive of their being and designing to continue to be Pres- 
 byterians,, and that Dr. Smith was, and that they chose he should continue to be 
 their pastor. This was an offensive disappointment to the body of professors and 
 others on the Plain. They had on some account become dissatisfied with Dr. Smith, 
 both as pastor and teacher, and though they loved him as a man and a neighbor, 
 and having expected that the professor of Theology would be both teacher and 
 pastor, and the election of Dr. Worcester being highly pleasing to them, they found 
 themselves highlj disappointed in their hopes by these votes, which they suspected 
 had been passed with a view to prevent the pastor-elect from accepting the appoint- 
 ment, and still to hold them unpleasantly confined under the administration of Dr. 
 Smith." 4& 
 
244 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 it expedient that there be but one church at present in connection with 
 Dartmouth College, denominated as formerly, consisting of two bran- 
 ches, one on the east side and the other on the west side of Connecticut 
 river, under the same covenant as heretofore ; that each branch, also, 
 have the exclusive privilege of employing and settling a minister of 
 their own choice," with other exclusive rights and powers to be enjoyed 
 by each branch, as though it constituted a distinct and separate church. 
 This decree was variously interpreted ; the Hartford branch claimed, 
 under its provisions, supremacy in the government of the entire church ; 
 and the Hanover branch claimed independency, from the same authority, 
 and proceeded to adopt a congregational form of government.' 
 
 On the 5th of July, 1805, the Congregational church in Dartmouth 
 College was organized by Eev. Isaiah Potter, of Lebanon, Kev. Asa 
 Burton, of Thetford, Yt., and Rev. Sylvanus Dame, of Orford. Prof. 
 Shurtleff was invited to act as pastor of the new church. He accepted 
 and remained in that relation until 1827. Prof. Shurtleff was the 
 representative of the new order ; Prest.' "Wheelock, the younger, of the 
 old order, which, by the new movement, became limited to Dothan 
 parish on the west side of Connecticut river. President Wheelock, 
 Prof. Smith and a number of Hanover people continued in the old 
 church and for many years came to Dothan to communion. During bis 
 later life and troubles with the college. Dr. Wheelock had warmer 
 friends and adherents in Hartford than in Hanover. It was through 
 his influence with the Hartford branch of the church that the petitions, 
 propositions and overtures made by the Hanover branch for a dissolu- 
 tion of the union were rejected, and a separate existence denied them. 
 Dr. Wheelock refused his consent for the reason that his influence and 
 power would be materially weakened by placing him in the minority of 
 the Hanover church. " He regarded the ecclesiastical feud as the fruit- 
 ful source of all his woes. It was a nucleus about which other official 
 difficulties clustered * * * Here was planted a seed which grew and 
 became a mighty tree whose branches, in some sense, overshadowed the 
 whole land ! " 
 
 "From 1804 to 1814, the controversy was chiefly local, disturbing the 
 harmony of the village church, and impeding the vigorous administra- 
 tion of the college, both in the faculty and board of trust. At the lat- 
 ter date, the public became interested in the quarrel and began to take 
 sides as their political or religious preferences inclined. During the 
 whole of the year 1815 the press in New Hampshire probably devoted 
 as much space to Dartmouth college as to political matters. In 
 
 'Sanborn's History of New Hampshire, p. 271, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 245 
 
 some instances the leading journals of the state devoted five' or six col- 
 umns to original articles pertaining to the college controversy. The 
 parties mutually charged each other with bigotry, intolerance and hy- 
 pocricy. The dispute soon became political in its character, and feder- 
 alists and republicans became earnest defenders of particular forms of 
 ecclesiastical government. The republicans in this case were generally 
 Presbyterians and the federalists Congregationalists. The former as- 
 sailed, the latter defended the action of the majority of the faculty and 
 trustees.' 
 
 Gov. Hill of New Hampshire, in his support of Thos. Jefferson, en- 
 tered into a bitter crusade against the Congregational churches and 
 ministers in the state of New Hampshire. , It suited well with his pur- 
 pose that he should espouse the cause of Dr. Wheelock. It was thus 
 carried into all the fierceness of New Hampshire political strife and as- 
 sumed in the end the formidable proportions of rival colleges and pres- 
 idents, and all that was involved in the Dartmouth college case in which 
 Webster's defence of alma mater and vested rights are so memorable. 
 
 From a sketch of President Francis Brown, by Rev. Henry Wood, 
 the following paragraph relating to the controvery is selected : 
 
 "Never has a cause been litigated in our country more important 
 from the principle to be established, and the interest remotely involved. 
 The existence, not only of this, but of all seminaries for education, and 
 of all corporate bodies whatever, was suspended upon the present de- 
 cision. The permanence of all the institutions of our country, whether 
 charitable, literary, or religious, and indeed the, very character of the 
 nation in its future stages, were connected with this adjudication upon 
 a point of constitutional law." 
 
 Referring to the importance of this case. Prof. Sanborn says: 
 
 " After the lapse of fifty years we are astonished at the evidence of 
 party feeling which the college controversy elicited. When it passed from 
 the academic shades of Hanover and entered the halls of legislation it be- 
 came a mere political question, and the common and vulgar weapons of 
 party warfare were used by the combatants. Imaginary foes, called by 
 one party bigots, fanatics, and aristocrats, and by the other infidels, 
 agrarians, and jacobins, were set up and hurled down by political and 
 literary knights on many a hard-fought field." In consideration of the 
 fact that this case grew out of the ecclesiastical strife betwen the two 
 branches of the church of Christ, the one in Hanover, and the other in 
 Hartford, one may exclaim, '' Behold how great a matter a little fire 
 kindleth ! " 
 
 The pastorate of Prof. Smith ceased with his death in 1809. Novem- 
 ber 1st, 1809, Rev. Eden Burroughs took upon himself the charge of 
 the church. The following entry, in his own handwriting, appears in 
 the church records : 
 
 ' Sanborn's New Hampshire, p. 273. 
 
246 HISTORY OF HARTB'ORD. 
 
 " Took upon me the charge of the church of Christ at Dartmouth 
 college Nov. 1st, 1809, and removed with my family into Hartford, in 
 the State of Vermont, on the 30th day of October (1810) following." 
 
 Sometime about the last of May, 1811, the following notification was 
 sent to the Rev. Prof. Shurtleff, to be published in the assembly on the 
 Sabbath, viz : 
 
 "As the reverend Londonderry Presbytery proposes at their ad- 
 journed meeting at this place, (Dothan) to consider the grounds and 
 progress of the difficulties which have and do subsist at the church of 
 Dartmouth College in its relations and concerns with those who were 
 formerly members and left the same ; it is hereby desired that any who 
 have objections to any of the measures and proceedings of said church 
 in regard to the above, or the conduct of any of its members, appear 
 and offer their objections to the said reverend Presbytery at their said 
 meeting." 
 
 (Signed) EDEN BUEROUGHS, pastor. 
 
 I shall now make some quotations from the records of the church : — 
 
 " At a meeting of the Church of Christ at Dartmouth College held in 
 the meeting-house in the vicinity of said college, Nov. 15, 1811 : 
 
 Voted, and chose Maj. Wm. H. Woodward to the office of an elder in 
 this church. 
 
 Voted — To invite the reverend Prof. Moore to become the pastor of 
 this church to take the particular pastoral care of that part of the 
 church who reside east of the Connecticut river, and that the reverend 
 Dr. Burroughs and Maj. Woodward be a committee to wait on the said 
 Prof. Moore with the above request ; and, that our said committee con- 
 fer with the said Prof. Moore and agree with him upon the circum- 
 stances under which he may comply with the above invitation." 
 
 " On the 23d of February, 1812, Maj. Wm. Woodward and David In- 
 graham were set apart and consecrated to the office of elders in this 
 church." 
 
 " In 1817, Wm. H. Woodward was elected clerk to keep the records 
 on the east side of Connecticut river, and Hezekiah Hazen to keep the 
 records on the west side of said river." 
 
 "At a church meeting holden at the meeting-house Sept. 26, 1813, 
 voted unanimously that Rev. J. W. Woodward be requested to act as 
 moderator of this church for the time being." 
 
 " At a church meeting holden at the meeting-house May 10, 1822, 
 voted to invite the Rev. James W. Woodward to take the pastoral care 
 of this church for the time being." 
 
 " June 9th, the Rev. J. W. Woodward gave his answer, 'that he ac- 
 cepted of the invitation to perform all the duties of a pastor which 
 would not interfere with the duties of his office at the Scientific Acad- 
 emy at Norwich, and the distance he was placed from us.' " 
 
 " At a meeting of this church Oct. 2, 1825, voted that the Rev. Ben- 
 nett Tyler, L. L. D., be the moderator of this church." 
 
 ' Mr. Burroughs died at Dothan, May 22, 1813, at the age of 76. His remains 
 rest in the cemetery at Christian Street, in the east part of the town. He preached 
 the first election sermon before the General Assembly of Vermont in October, 1778 
 at Woodstoclc. 
 
HISTOEY OF HAETFORD. 247 
 
 " August 7th, 1826. — At a church meeting at the meeting-house, it 
 was unanimously voted to invite Mr. Abram Brown to settle here to be 
 our minister. Sept. 27th, Mr. Brown was ordained pastor of this 
 church. Present — Eev. Samuel Goddard, North ch. in Norwich ; Rev. 
 James R. Wheelock, South ch. in Norwich ; Eev. Samuel Bascom, Sha- 
 ron ; Eev. Josiah Towne, Hanover ; Rev. Caleb Cutler, Lebanon ; Rev. 
 Austin Hazen, South ch. in Hartford ; Eev. Theopilus Packard, D. D., 
 Rev. John Dutton, Rev. Samuel Marsh, Rev. Fayette Sheppard, and 
 Rev. Bennet Tyler, L. L. D., invited to sit with council. 
 
 Ordination exercises — Introductory prayer, Eev. Josiah Towne ; ser- 
 mon, Eev. Bennet Tyler ; ordination prayer, Eev. Samuel Goddard ; 
 charge, Eev. Samuel Bascom ; right hand of fellowship, Eev. Austin 
 Hazen ; address to church and people, Eev. .J. E Wheelock ; conclud- 
 ing prayer, Eev. Calvin Cutler. 
 
 SAMUEL GODDAED, Moderator. 
 
 AUSTIN HAZEN, Scribe." 
 
 " Mr. Brown was dismissed Sept. 22, 1829. After Mr. Brown left the 
 church had no moderator nor clerk until Feb. 3d, 1830, when Eev. Aus- 
 tin Hazen was installed pastor. The following pastors and delegates 
 were present at the council and installation : — North ch. in Norwich, 
 Rev. Samuel Goddard ; South ch. in Norwich, Rev, J. W. Woodward ; 
 delegate, Jacob Burton ; Sharon, Abijah Burbank, delegate ; Pomfret, 
 Rev. Joseph Marsh; Hartland, Rev. Samuel Delano : Hanover, Rev. 
 Nathan Lord ; Royalton, Rev. A. C. Washburn." 
 
 Mr. Hazen was dismissed Jan. 24, 1837. He removed to Berlin, where 
 he died in office in 1855. During the pastorate of Mr. Hazen the church 
 had a protracted difficulty with a refractory member, Capt. Dan Hazen, 
 who, in the premises, had asked for a letter of recommendation for him- 
 self and wife to the South church in Norwich, for the reason that " his 
 feelings had been injured by some of the members of the church — that 
 the brethren had lost confidence in him, and that he should enjoy him- 
 self better somewhere else." His request and complaint were referred 
 to various committees, in and out of the church, and finally he was paci- 
 fied, and peace prevailed for a short period ; but it was a calm before a 
 storm. May 21, 1837, Joseph Crandall, a member of the church, entered 
 a complaint against Mr. Hazen containing two counts ; first, that he 
 had laid violent hands on the son of Mr. Crandall, and traduced his 
 .character ; secondly, that he refused to settle a book account with said 
 Joseph Crandall. This resulted in the suspension of Mr. Hazen from 
 communion; whereupon, he asked for a mutual council, which was 
 granted, and the matter was referred to a committee consisting of the 
 pastors and delegates from the churches in Sharon, Strafford and Dart- 
 mouth College. During the deliberation of the council Mr. Hazen and 
 Mr. Crandall adjusted their difficulties, and Mr. Hazen was restored to 
 communion. He then renewed his request for a letter, and being pressed 
 for his reasons for wishing to leave, presented the following in writing 
 
248 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 "First — I do not believe the government of the church is according 
 to the word of God. 
 
 /Secondly — Z have no heart to try to do anything where there is 
 no confidence in me. This from, a poor, sinful, depraved and de- 
 graded brother.'''' 
 
 The church voted that the reasons were unsatisfactory, and refused 
 to grant a letter. In March, 1839, Mr. Hazen reiterated his request for 
 a letter, with the reasons above named. March 6, 1839, Dea. Julius 
 Hazen preferred a complaint against Mr. Hazen for living in constant 
 neglect of the ordinances of the church. This complaint was disregarded 
 by the church, but Mr. Hazen's letter was referred to an ecclesiastical 
 council. 
 
 It is evident that Mr. Hazen, in this juncture of the trouble, occu- 
 pied the vantage ground, at least in respect to the first reason he had 
 given for desiring to dissolve his connection with the church, which 
 was, in this matter, pursuing the same policy to perpetuate a reluctant 
 union with themselves, that had characterized their action toward the 
 Hanover branch of the church. Mr. Hazen was not alone in the opin- 
 ion he entertained respecting the policy of the church. There was a 
 growing tendency in favor of the more democratic form of government 
 of the Congregational church. Dr. Burroughs had renounced Presby- 
 tery as early as 1784, and notwithstanding he had subsequently ac- 
 cepted the pastorate of the Presbyterian church in Dothan, this step 
 simply evidenced his catholicity of sentiment. The renunciation of 
 Presbytery by the Hanover church was a supercession compatible with 
 the progressive spirit of the times. Furthermore, the church at Do- 
 than occupied an isolated position, that is, it had no connection with 
 any Presbytery. It was at this time under the pastoral care of a reg- 
 ularly ordained Congregational minister, installed over the church by a 
 purely congregational council. It had so far gravitated towards Con- 
 gregationalism, as to refer cases of discipline to the church for adjudi- 
 cation. 
 
 In this condition of things, the church commendably decided to lay- 
 aside the remaining peculiarities of Presbyterianism in order to accom- 
 modate the views of Mr. Hazen and certain others, and remove any 
 prejudices that existed in some nlinds, and give the church strictly and 
 entirely a Congregational character. Accordingly, the following action 
 was taken by the church, four days prior to the meeting of the ecclesi- 
 astical council : — 
 
 " 1839, April 5tl). At a full meeting of the church, according to no- 
 tice previously given, for Ihe purpose of changicgits forms, usages and 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 349 
 
 customs from that of Presbyterian to that of the Congregational form 
 of government, it was voted : — 
 
 ' That hereafter, instead of referring cases of church discipline to the 
 elders of the church, they should be referred to the church for decision. 
 After which vote the elders individually wished to be released from 
 their office, and it was voted that their request should be granted.' " 
 
 The ecclesiastical council above referred to met in Dothan, April 9th, 
 1839. It was composed of Rev. Samuel Goddard, pastor, and Deacon 
 Dutton, delegate, from the North Norwich church ; Deacon Samuel Tracy 
 from the White River village church, and Rev. H. Wood, from the Han- 
 over church. A comprehensive statement of all the difficulties that had 
 occurred was made to the council, which, after a proper consideration 
 of the evidence adduced, reported : 
 
 '• That it was sorry to have witnessed anything like a spirit of crimi- 
 nation on the part of the church against Mr. Hazen, in respect to past 
 proceedings of the church. In difficult cases even good men may differ 
 in their judgment; with the best feelings and intentions they may en- 
 tertain different opinions on the matters before them. In such cases 
 instead of charging our brethren with improper motives we should 
 cherish the charity which helpeth all things and thinketh no evil, leav- 
 ing the motives to the judgment of God who alone knows the heart." 
 Council then intimated that " individuals may have spoken unkindly of 
 Mr. Hazen and been too inquisitive about little things in his private 
 concerns ; this deserves reproof.^'' Mr. Hazen erred in leaving worship 
 before he had asked and received a regular dismission His objections 
 to the church as Presbyterian were without foundation since it was ev- 
 ident that the church had but few features of Presbyterianism and 
 these quite harmless, though perhaps inconvenient, and we think the 
 objections removed when the church consented to abandon its peculiar- 
 ities to accommodate Mr. Hazen's views and desires. Council advised 
 all parties to endeavor to live together in christian forbearance and 
 unity, but in case the above result was not accepted»by both parties, 
 then, for the honor of religion and the peace of the church, a letter of 
 dismission should be given Mr. Hazen. Council commended the church 
 for having exhibited an enlarged and liberal spirit worthy of all praise, 
 in laying aside the remaining peculiarities of Presbyterianism, &c. 
 
 November 21st, 1838, Rev. Cary Russell was installed pastor of the 
 
 church. He was dismissed January 2d, 1844. He was the last pastor. 
 
 The council that dismissed him recommended that letters of dismissal 
 
 be granted to all who desired to unite with other churches in fellowship 
 
 with this. Nov. 14th, 1844, the following communication was handed 
 
 to the moderator : — 
 
 " To Dea. Julius Hazen, moderator of the church in North Hartford : — 
 Tou are hereby requested to notify a meeting of the church on Fri- 
 day the 22d, inst., at 6 o'clock, p. m., at the school house in Dothan, to 
 see if the church will vote to place themselves under the pastoral care 
 of Rev. Mr. L6rd at White River village and give letters of recommen- 
 dation to those who may wish to go to other places." 
 
250 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 At the meeting held pursuant to the above roll-call, no action was 
 taken concerning a dissolution of the church. It was, however, voted 
 " that the delinquents on Mr. Eussell's salary ought to pay their assess- 
 ments." On Tuesday, Dec. 9, 1844, it was voted to place the church 
 under the pastoral care of Eev. Mr. Lord, and Wm. Savage and Dea. 
 Allen Hazen were chosen a committee to notify Mr. Lord. On the 23d 
 of March, 1847, another meeting was held, at which Eev. Wm. Claggett, 
 of West Hartford, was appointed moderator of the church. August 31, 
 1847, at an adjourned meeting, it was voted to dissolve the church, giv- 
 ing the clerk authority to grant letters of recommendation to those who 
 might call for them in due time. 
 
 Thus was dissolved a church that had existed for upwards of seventy 
 years. It embraced some of the most eminent divines of the country, 
 some of the most prominent men of the town, some of the most devout 
 Christians of the age. It was the parent of the church and society in 
 West Hartford ; it gave new life to the church in White Eiver village in 
 the decade between 1835 and 1845, and its Christian influence will extend 
 through all time, and only be fully known when time shall be no more ; 
 when the seal of the great record of human actions shall be broken be- 
 fore the throne of God, and every man shall be called to render an ac- 
 count of his stewardship on earth. The practical work of this church 
 was finished many years since, but its influence survives. Its members 
 have gone forth to strengthen other churches near and far. Something 
 of sadness gathers about a light departed, a church that has ceased to 
 be, but — 
 
 " Many shall rise up ia the great day and call it blessed." 
 
 In this connection, I will say that Hartford has sent forth a large 
 number of Congregational ministers. The following list embraces those 
 who were native and to the manor born: Austin Hazen Wright, Harvey 
 P. Leavitt, James Marsh, Abraham Marsh, John Safford Parsons, J. De 
 Forrest Eichards, Cyrus S- Eichards, Joseph Tracy, Ira Tracy, Myron 
 Tracy, John Button, Nathaniel Dutton, Daniel O. Gillett, Daniel Gibbs, 
 Austin Hazen, Allen Hazen, Austin Hazen 2d, 'William S. Hazen, Nor- 
 man Hazen, Henry A. Hazen, Benjamin Ela, George D. Marsh, Henry 
 D. L. Thurston, Fred L. Allen, Ebenezer Carter Tracy, Lewis Green. 
 
 " Some of these have served their kind, in deed and word, faithfully 
 and well. Three have been missionaries of the American Board in Chi- 
 na, Persia and India. President James Marsh has left the impress of 
 his richly cultivated mind and elaborate scholarship upon all those who 
 enjoyed his acquaintance as a teacher, a pastor, or a friend ; and also 
 upon the religious philosophy and belles lettres of the country. Joseph 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 251 
 
 Tracy is widely known as the editor of the Vt. Chronicle, Recorder and 
 Observer, the sagacious manager of the Massachusetts Colonization So- 
 ciety, the founder of Liberia College, the historian of the American 
 Board, and the " Great Awakeniag ; " and, generally, as an acute thiaker 
 and able writer. Ebenezer Carter Tracy, the founder and chief- edi- 
 tor of the Vt. Chronicle, (in 1826) filled his position for many years 
 laboriously, and was one of the finest models of a religious editor the 
 world ever knew. He was always candid, courteous, truthful and wise. 
 Through the paper he so ably edited he disseminated the principles that 
 marked his personal, exalted Christian life, and Congregationalism in 
 Vermont owes more to him than to any other mdividual for its main- 
 tainance and predominance as a form of church government." 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 EOMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 There were no regular ministrations in Hartford, according to the 
 forms of the Catholic church, prior to 1870. During the time of the 
 construction of the Vermont Central railroad through the town — 1846-7 
 — a large number of Irishmen were employed on that work. Many of 
 these, together with others who were employed in the building of the 
 Passumpsic railroad, became permanent settlers in the town, the larger 
 number being located in White Kiver Junction. This class of our popu- 
 lation being Roman Catholics in their religious belief, there were fre- 
 quent visitations by Catholic priests to the laity here for many years 
 before the creation of a parish. About the year 1870, Eev. M. Pigeon, 
 » Canadian priest, was sent to reside in Hartford. He lived here until 
 May, 1880, when he was sent to Underbill, Vt. Father Pigeon bought 
 the old Mosely house, in White River Junction, in 1870, and converted 
 it into a chapel, which was used until the erection of the present church 
 edifice in 1873, when the chapel was converted into a residence for the 
 priest. After the departure of Father Pigeon, Rev. Daniel Sullivan from 
 Burlington became pastor of the Catholic congregation. Father Sulli- 
 van remained about eighteen months. He was succeeded by Rev. Den- 
 nis Lynch from Brandon, who officiated as pastor until September 4th, 
 1884, when he was replaced by the present pastor. Father James Booth 
 Whitaker from St. Dennis' church, Montreal. 
 
 The church or parish property in White River Junction cost, in 1870, 
 the sum of $1800. Improvements, and the rapid increase in the prices 
 of real estate, give to this property at the present time a valuation not 
 far from $7000. This includes a school building, and also a church 
 burying ground in use since 1872. The church edifice is a neat and 
 pretty structure containing 128 pews, with a seating capacity for at least 
 400 persons. The church was dedicated to St. Antony, by which title 
 it is known. The number of families constituting the whole parish is 
 220, of which about sixty are located in White River Junction. The 
 congregation is probably the largest in the town. The school building 
 is closely adjacent to the church edifice. The number of pupils in the 
 parochial schools is now nearly sixty. The Sabbath school has some 
 over 120 pupils. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 253 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHDKOH IN HAETFOED. 
 
 The first Methodist preaching in the town of Hartford, so far as I 
 have been able to learn, wp,s in the year 1811, but as early as the year 
 1800, the town was included in a district, of which Shadrack Bostwick 
 was the presiding Elder. This fact is established by a certificate given 
 under the hand of Mr. Bostwick, of which the following is a true copy, 
 viz: 
 
 " This is to certify that Isaac Turner, of the town of Hartford, county 
 of Windsor, state of Vermont, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and regularly contributes to the support of the ministry of that 
 order. Given under my hand this 12th day of March, A. D. 1800. 
 
 (Signed) SHADEACK BOSTWICK. 
 
 Presiding Elder in said church and district, including the town afore- 
 said." 
 
 Inasmuch as there were many Methodists in this region, it seems 
 probable that the ordinances of baptism, marriage, and the burial of the 
 dead were, occasionally, at least, administered in the town either by the 
 presiding elder or by some itinerant deacon or preacher, prior to 1811. 
 
 In support of the opinion that there was Methodist preaching in the 
 town as early as 1811, 1 will here present a copy of a certificate of con- 
 secration made by Bishop Asbury in 1808,. and filed in the town clerk's 
 office of Hartford in 1811, viz : 
 
 " Know all men by these presents : that I Francis Asbury, Bishop of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church in America, under the protection of 
 Almighty God, and with a single eye to his glory, by the imposition of 
 my hand and prayer, have this day set apart Eleazer Wells, for the 
 office of Deacon in said Methodist Episcopal church — a man whom I 
 judge to be well qualified for that work — and do hereby recommend him to 
 all whom it may concern, as a proper person to a proper person to admin- 
 ister the ordinance of Baptism, marriage, and the burial of the dead, in 
 the absence of an Elder, and to feed the flocks of Christ so long as his 
 spirit and practice are such as become the gospel of Christ, and he con- 
 tinueth to hold fast the form of sacred words according to the estab- 
 lished doctrine of the Gospel. 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 
 nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 hundred and eight. Done at N. London. 
 
 FRANCIS ASBURY, (L. S.") 
 
 Hartford, August 25th, 1811. 
 
 The foregoing is a true copy of the original certificate. 
 
 Attest, FREEGRACE LEAVITT, Town Clerk. 
 
 The foregoing certificate was given to Mr. Wells as a passport upon 
 which he could travel as an itinerant, and also, as an indorsement of his 
 religious persuasion and christian character that would not only ensure 
 to him a favorable reception and friendly greeting by members of his 
 
354 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 own sect, but serve as a safeguard against undue interference in his 
 spiritual work, by those who might be disposed to question his creden- 
 tials. 
 
 Mr. Wells had been a resident of Hartford prior to the date of his 
 confirmation. On the 2d day of May, 1809, he was married to Olive 
 Bartholomew, a sister of the late Noah and Sheldon Bartholomew, and, 
 as appears by the date of the record of this certificate, was residing in 
 the town, or preaching here in 1811. Hence, we have good reason for 
 believing that he preached in the town during the years immediately 
 following his investment with the office of deacon, but no one now 
 residing in town is able to tell how many years thereafter, nor by whom 
 he was succeeded prior to 1845. There is authority for saying that as 
 early as 1841, Hartford belonged to the " Sharon, Norwich and Strafford 
 circuit,'' and that there was at that time Methodist preaching in the old 
 brick school house in the district known as " Jericho." 
 
 In 1845 the first Methodist meeting-house was built in Jericho during 
 the pastorate of P. T. A.lbee, who planned the house and assisted in 
 building it. It cost about $1000 and would seat about two hundred 
 persons. The building committee were Noah Bartholomew, Truman 
 H. Savage and probably Mr. Albee. The number of members at that 
 time was about twenty-five. Eegular preaching services were main- 
 tained for a little more than twenty years, until death and emigration 
 had so thinned the ranks as to render further efforts to maintain services 
 apparently useless, and therefore they were discontinued, and the 
 remaining members of the church resorted to other places for worship. 
 In 1874 the meeting-house was sold and removed to North Hartland; 
 where it is now being used for business purposes. The proceeds of the 
 sale were invested in building a meeting-house in Hartland. 
 
 In 1877 Methodist preaching was commenced in "White Eiver Junc- 
 tion, in the hall of the hotel which was loaned by the owner for that 
 purpose. The preacher in charge was the Eev. A. J. Hough. During 
 the second year of Mr. Hough's pastorate (August 10, 1878), the hotel 
 was burned, leaving the society houseless. In the autumn of 1878 a 
 meeting-house was built, 35x60 in size, at a cost of $2,700. The building 
 committee were Darius Eu^s, H. E. Tinker, and A. C. Martin. This 
 house has a seating capacity of about 400, and is a neat, airy and appro- 
 priate structure, and to the great credit of the society every dollar of 
 the expense incurred in buUding it was paid prior to the dedication of 
 the same in 1885. 
 
 Mr. Hough remained pastor for three years and was succeeded in 
 1880 by L. O. Sherburne, who remained three years. Mr Hough then 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 255 
 
 returned for a period of three years, at the end of which time Eev. E 
 L. Bruce became pastor and is now (1887) in charge. During the year 
 1886 a vestry was finished, also horse sheds, all of which cost abaut 
 $700. The present church membership is forty-four. The few in 
 numbers of this church and society, in the presence of obstacles of an 
 almost discouraging nature, have risen above every difficulty and have 
 accomplished good work in the vineyard of the Divine Master. No 
 people have been more fortunate than they in the assignment of pastors 
 made to them, and to no other church is the future seemingly more prom- 
 ising of progress and prosperity. 
 
 The following statistics will prove interesting : 
 
 " The first Methodist preaching in Eastern Vermont was by the cele 
 brated Nicholas Snethen, who was appointed to the Vershire circuit in 
 1796. A class was formed there, another followed in Barnard, and a 
 third was soon started in Barre, where the first Methodist meeting-house 
 in the Vermont Conference was built in 1801. From , these humble 
 beginnings the wort gradually and steadily spread until to-day the 
 Vermont Conference includes the greater part of the state, portions of 
 Chittenden, Addison, Eutland and Bennington counties being in the 
 Troy Conference. In 1846 the Vermont Conference had over 8000 
 members ; ten years later about the same ; in 1866, 10,615 ; in 1876, 
 12,810 ; and in 1886, 12,874 members and probationers. There are in 
 the Conference 140 church edifices worth over $450,000, and 98 parso n- 
 ages worth over $120,000. 
 
 Methodist preaching was first commenced in Quechee in the summer 
 of 1882, by Eev. A. S. Maxham, who was then stationed at Hartland 
 Mr. Maxham first went to Quechee as an experiment, and meeting with 
 a very cordial reception he continued to preach there untU the spring 
 of 1884, when he was removed by the expiration of his term of service 
 at Hartland, and Quechee was united with White Eiver Junction. Eev. 
 A. J. Hough then became the pastor and preached there until the 
 spring of 1886, when he too was removed by his term of service at the 
 Junction. During all this time there had been more or less talk about 
 building a church, but nothing definate had been accomplished in that 
 direction. In the spring of 1886 Eev. E. L. Bruce was appointed pas- 
 tor of the charge ; he soon became convinced that the interests of the 
 church at Quechee demanded the erection of a house of worship. In 
 January, 1887, under the inspiration of a very generous offer by one of 
 the members, a subscription paper was started for that purpose. The 
 results exceeded the most sanguine expectation. An eligible site was 
 presented by a lady friend ; plans were procured of B. D. Price of Phila- 
 delphia ; a donation of $300 was secured from the board of church ex- 
 tension, and as soon as the ground was free from frost in the spring the 
 work of laying the foundation was commenced. On account of the lo- 
 
256 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 cation it was necessary to lay a wall at the rear end fifteen feet high and 
 six feet thick at the bottom. The front wall is twelve feet high and five 
 feet thick at the bottom. The entire cost of stone work was $235.00. 
 The contract for the carpenter work was let to Mr. J. M. Quimby, of 
 White Eiver Junction, and it is but simple justice to him to say that 
 every part of it was done in the most thorough and workmanlike man- 
 ner. The house is 28x45 feet, with octagonal recess four feet deep at 
 the rear, for the pulpit ; it is fourteen feet posted above the basement 
 and finished to twenty feet in the centre inside. The tower is about 
 sixty feet high and 9x9 feet at the base. It contains a fine-toned bell, 
 cast by H. H. McShane of Baltimore, Md., weighing 518 pounds, the 
 gift of two members of the church. Both the tower and roof are slated. 
 The interior is handsomely finished in brown ash, which is filled and 
 finished with two coats of white shellac. The walls are painted two 
 coats, inside and out, and the ceiling kalsomined. A nice ingrain car- 
 pet, furnished by the ladies of the society, covers the floor. The house 
 is lighted with a Bailey ten light reflector, and heated with a furnace. 
 It is seated with A. H. Andrews & Go's patent assembly settee, a very 
 handsome and comfortable seat, requiring no cushions. The windows 
 are of cathedral glass and have diamond lights of colored glass at the 
 top. The basement is 28x32 feet, and twelve feet posted, and is fin- 
 ished in pine, with plain glass windows. It has closets and various 
 conveniences. Besides the bell, the organ, pulpit, ' sofa, chairs, lamps, 
 and street lamp were individual gifts. The entire cost of the building 
 and furnishing, including lot and plans, was $2,317.13. The building 
 alone cost 1,452.22. On level ground, without basement and built in 
 ordinary style, it would cost $1600 to $1800. It is pronounced by all 
 who have seen it, to be a gem of neatness within and without. The dedica- 
 tory sermon was preached by. Eev. A. J. Hough. Of the entire cost, less 
 than $300 is at present unprovided for and it is confidently expected 
 that the entire amount will be raised before Jan. 1, 1889. The sacrifi- 
 ces of the members of the church and the liberality of their friends in 
 the accomplishment of the results thus far attained have been remarka- 
 ble and worthy of the highest commendation. 
 
 COVENANT baptists' SOCIETY. 
 
 Among what were known as the " Minor Sects" none were earlier or 
 more numerously represented in Hartford than were the Baptists. The 
 earliest recorded certificate of religious persuasion, made in compliance 
 with the act of the General Assembly in 1783, in favor of a citizen of 
 Hartford, reads as follows : — 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 257 
 
 " These may certify that Mr. Benjamin Burtch of Hartford in the County of 
 Windsor, and State of Vermont, is a member of the Baptist Society in Wood- 
 Attest: JOSEPH CALL, Deacon of Baptist, Ch., Woodstock." 
 Hartford, Mai-ch ye 18, 1786. 
 
 Among other certificates found in our town records are the following: 
 
 " Bridgewatee, December ye 19, 1791. 
 
 These may certify, all that it may concern, that William Porter of Hartford 
 is a member of the Baptist church of Christ, in Woodstock and Bridgewater, 
 therefore Let the oppressed go free. 
 
 (Signed) WILLIAM GROW, 
 
 Minister of the Gospel." 
 
 " This may certify that Hezekiah Lincoln, Gersham Dunham, Juniah Chap- 
 man, Justin Smith, David Whitcomb, Daniel Hazen, Asa Pixley, Putnam Wil- 
 son, Philip Sprague, William Pixley, Joel Richards and Philemon Hazen, each 
 and every of them, belong to the Calvinistic Society composed of the North of 
 Hartford and South of Norwich, and pay for the support of preaching here, and 
 each professes the principles above described. 
 
 Attest: SYLVANUS SMITH, Moderator." 
 
 January 7, 1795. 
 
 The first evidence to be found in our town records relating to the 
 presence of a Baptist minister in the town, is contained in the following 
 certificate, viz : — 
 
 " HaETFOED, 8th OCTOBEE, 1809. 
 
 This certifies that nuptials between Nathaniel Hammond and Polly Ball, both 
 of this town, were celebrated by me. 
 
 Attest: URIAH SMITH, V. D. M." 
 
 Mr. Smith, who was a native of Plainfield, N. H., was set apart by 
 solemn ordination to the ministry by a council composed of the Baptist 
 churches of Woodstock, Windsor, and Plainfield and Newport, (N. H.) 
 convened in Plainfield, June 24, 1804, but there is no evidence that he 
 was ever permanently settled in Hartf or,d. 
 
 A Baptist church existed in the eastern part of the town in 1806. I am 
 unable to learn whether this body was Anti-Mission, Brethren, Calvin- 
 istic, Campbellite, Free-Christian, Free-WUl, Regular Baptist, Eiver 
 Brethren, Seventh Day, or Six Principle. It is probable, however, that 
 it was Calvinistic in dogma. The male members of the church were 
 David Colburn, Amos Robinson, Thomas Holbrook, Jabez Baldwin, 
 Stewart Haw, Salan Colburn, Charles Pinneo, Paul Clark, Benjamin 
 Clark, Amasa Watkins, William MerrUl, Abraham Hoit, Benjamin Bug- 
 bee, Isaac Williams, Mitchell Clark, Andrew Pinneo, Joseph Chapman, 
 Jacob Clifford, Daniel Robinson, Hyde Clark, Jacob Colburn, Luther 
 Cora, William Hoit, Thomas Moxley, Neal Rust, John Hunter, Phineas 
 Rust and Samuel Rust. 
 
 This church was probably a member of the "Woodstock Association" 
 of Baptist churches, which was formed in 1783, and of which Rev. Tim- 
 othy Grow was the presiding elder. The Baptists in Hartford had no 
 
 17 
 
258 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 stated place for public worship, nor were they regularly supplied with 
 preachers. Itinerant preachers conducted the religious meetings, and 
 administered the ordinances of baptism, marriage, the Lord's supper, 
 and the burial of the dead, performing these duties whenever and wher- 
 ever occasion required. Although the Baptists continued to hold meet- 
 ings in the town untU 1820, there was no Baptist church then in exist- 
 ence in the town. 
 
 THE CHRISTIAN SOCIETY. 
 
 " The Disciples were called Christians first in Antioch," Acts XL 26. 
 
 Generically the name Christians is given to those who believe in the 
 Christian religion. In a theological sense Christians are those who 
 really believe the gospel, imbibe the spirit, are influenced by the grace 
 and obedient to the will of Christ. Believers in the Christian religion 
 include Protestants, Roman Catholics, the Greek, Armenian, Nestorian, 
 Coptic, Syrian and Abysinnian churches, though the members of the last 
 named church are Christians only in form. The denominations of 
 Christians are as follows : — Bible Christians, Christian Connection, 
 Christians of St. John (Mendoeano), Christians of St. Thomas (Nesto- 
 rian), Syrian Christians, and United Christians. 
 
 " The ' Christian Connection,' or Christians, oftentimes erroneously 
 pronounced Christ-iB,ns, is a religious denomination that originated in 
 the United States about the year 1800. This sect recognizes no indivi- 
 dual as its leader or founder, no one to whom they refer as an authority 
 for articles of faith, and rules of practice. In New England, where the 
 Christian denomination seems first to have attracted attention by any 
 public demonstration or organization as a distinct sect, it was composed 
 chiefly of individuals who separated from the Calvinistic Baptists. Soon 
 after the formation of their first churches, several large churches of the 
 Calvinistic Baptists declared themselves independent of the Baptist 
 association and united with the Christians. In the Southern states, the 
 first association of this sect consisted mostly of seceders from the 
 Methodists, and, in the western states, from the Presbyterians. The 
 leading purposes of this sect, at first, appear to have been not so much 
 to establish any peculiar and distinctive doctrines as to assert, for 
 individuals and churchmen, more liberty and independence in relation 
 to matters of faith and practice, to shake off the authority of human 
 creeds and the shackles of prescribed modes and forms, to make the 
 Bible their only guide, claiming for every man the right to pledge, for 
 himself, what are its requirements, and in practice to follow more 
 strictly the simplicity of the apostles and primitive Christians. They 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 259 
 
 profess to deprecate what they consider an undue influence of a mere 
 sectarian spirit, a tenacious adherence to particular dogmas, as an in- 
 fringement of Christian liberty, as adverse to the genius of the gospel 
 and the practical influence of true rehgion." 
 
 " The principle upon which their churches were at first constituted, 
 and upon which they still stand, are the following : — The Scriptures are 
 taken to be the only rule of faith and practice, each individual being at 
 liberty to determine, for himself, in relation to these matters, what they 
 -enjoin ; no member is subject to the loss of church fellowship on 
 account of his sincere and conscientious belief, so long as he manifestly 
 leads a pious and devout life. The name Christian to be adapted to 
 the exclusion of all sectarian names, as the most appropriate designa- 
 tion of the body and its members. The only condition of admission as 
 a member of a church is a personal profession of the Christian religion, 
 accompanied with satisfactory evidence of sincerity and piety, and a 
 determination to live according to the divine rule of the gospel of Christ. 
 Each church is considered an independent body, possessing exclusive 
 authority to regulate and govern its own afifairs." — See ' Encyclopedia 
 of Eeligious Knowledge,' pp. 362, 363. 
 
 There never was an organized Christian church in Hartford. This 
 •denomination held meetings in the neighborhood of Jericho, many years 
 ago. It seems probable that James Spencer was the first Christian 
 minister who preached in the town. He lived in this town for several 
 years. After Mr. Spencer came Jasper Hazen, who lived and preached 
 in the town as early as 1810, probably with regular appointments. In 
 the town records I find the following entry : — 
 
 " Hartford, 26 December, 1810 : — Now there was in the church of 
 Christ, at Hartford, Vt., certain teachers and preachers, and they 
 ministered to the Lord and fasted, and they felt an impression of the 
 Holy Ghost to set apart Jasper Hazen to the work of the ministry. 
 These are therefore to certify that he was this day set apart publicly 
 according to the New Testament, by fasting, prayer, and laying on of 
 hands of us. — Elias Cobb, Uriah Smith, James Spooner, and Frederic 
 Plummer, Elders." 
 
 Mr. Hazen removed to Woodstock in 1815, and subsequently there 
 was nothing more than an occasional sermon untU Eev. Moses Kidder 
 began filUng regular appointments in Quechee Village, in 1843. In 1845 
 the Christian Society of Quechee Village and vicinity was organized, 
 but there was no independent church formed ; the members there form- 
 ing a branch of the Christian Church in Woodstock. During the first 
 year of Mr. Kidder's ministry in Quechee, meetings were held in Bar- 
 ron's hall. During the year 1844 a meeting-house was erected there. 
 On the first of January, 1845, the society was formed and a constitution 
 
860 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 adopted, as appears by the following extract from the records of the 
 society : — 
 
 "We the undersigned inhabitants of Quechee Village and vicinity do 
 hereby associate together and form ourselves into a society for the pur- 
 pose of supporting the gospel, and maintenance of public v^orship, and 
 to hold and keep in repair a house of public worship, agreeably to the 
 eighty-first chapter of the Eevised Statutes, by the name of the Christian 
 Society of Quechee Village, and do hereby establish the following writ- 
 ten articles as a Constitution of said society." 
 
 The second article of the constitution provided that the first meeting 
 of the society should be held in the new meeting-house on the 20th of 
 January, 1845, for legal organization. The Constitution was signed by 
 the following named persons : — Theodore Gallup, F. A. Sumner, Elias 
 Williams, Lester Richardson, Charles Tinkham, Harvey Thomas, Nelson 
 Humphrey, Lionel Richardson, Daniel N. Dutton, John Porter, and 
 Nathaniel Thomas. 
 
 The meeting-house was opened for meetings on the 1st of January, 
 1845. On the 20th January, the society was organized by the choice of 
 Elias Williams, as chairman, and Harvey Thomas, as clerk. The Pru- 
 dential Committee then chosen consisted of F. A. Sumner, Lester 
 Richardson and Theodore Gallup.' Mr. Kidder continued to preach 
 for said society one-half of the time for four years. After that his 
 brother, Abiah Kidder, then residing in Pomfret, supplied the pulpit 
 one-half the time for about one year. He was succeeded by Lewis 
 Phillips for about the same time. There was no more stated preaching 
 after Mr. Phillips left. On the 5th of December, 1863, the following 
 notice was sent to the clerk of the Society: — 
 
 " To Harvey Thomas, Clerk of the Christian Society of Quechee 
 Village : — We the undersigned members of said Society, hereby request 
 you to warn a meeting of said Society for the purpose of altering the 
 Constitution of said Society so as to authorize the Clerk of said Society 
 to sell and convey the meeting-house and the land connected therewith 
 to any person or persons he may choose to. 
 
 Signed, JOHN PORTER, 
 
 F. A. SUMNER, 
 CHARLES TINKHAM. 
 
 Pursuant to this notice, a meeting of the Society was held in the 
 counting-room of J. C. Parker, December 14th, 1863, when it was voted 
 
 'The pew-holders in the meeting-house were as follows : — Theodore Gallup, 
 Nathaniel Thomas, Harvey Thomas, Lionel Richardson, Francis A, Sumner, 
 Nelson Humphrey, John Porter, Charles Tinkham, Charles Brown, Daniel H. 
 Dutton, Daniel Taft and Sons, Elias Williams, Abel Barron, Theophilus Gushing, 
 George Holbrook, Joel Simons, Widow Abigail Strong, Albert G. Dewey, Thomas 
 Rowell, John P. Strong, Charles R. Whitman, James Boyd, Jacob Dimick, Joseph 
 K. Edgerton, J. C. Parker, — The total number of pews was forty-six. Preaching 
 was supported by voluntary subscriptions only. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. ■ 261 
 
 to change the Constitution agreeable to the warning. The meeting- 
 house was sold to parties in Quechee Village and vicinity, and occupied 
 as a hall until its destruction by fire. 
 
 It appears in the records of the Congregational church in Dothan, 
 that several members of that church went over to the Christians, among 
 whom were Daniel Hazen, Olive Hazen, and Diadama Bartholomew. 
 April 17th, 1811, the following draught was communicated to the 
 church and congregation in Dothan, viz : — 
 
 " To Olive, wife of Daniel Hazen, and Diadama Bartholomew, once 
 members in covenant : Whereas, you, and each of you, after having sol- 
 emnly professed to give yourselves to the Lord, and to us by the will 
 of God ; and after having taken thfi vows of God upon you to walk with 
 us in all the ordinances and commandments of the Lord, and to seek 
 the peace and welfare of this church so long as God should continue 
 your lot among us, you have departed from what, in our view, is the 
 faith once delivered to the saints, by joining yourselves in fellowship 
 with such as teach doctrines which are not according to Godliness : 
 We do now declare you to have gone out from us, and that you are no 
 more of us, and that the hand of fellowship and christian and brotherly 
 care, and watch over you are from henceforth withdrawn." 
 
 (Signed) EDEN BUEEOUGHS, pastor. 
 
 The farcical nature of the foregoing communication must have elic- 
 ited a smile of derision in angelic circles. The spirit of intolerance, un- 
 charitableness and bigotry evinced by the church toward the dissenting 
 members was inconsistent with the principles of the christian religion. 
 The indocile members were amenable to no other charge than that of 
 recantation. Yet, they were anathematized by the church and treated in 
 an unchristian manner. Dr. Burroughs, the pastor of said church, whose 
 voice was dominant in urging, and whose hand indited the letter of ex- 
 communication, was more amenable to condemnation than were the dis- 
 senting members. He had not only renounced Presbytery, and em- 
 braced Congregationalism, but he had subsequently assumed the pas- 
 torate of the Presbyterian church at Dothan. The differences between 
 Presbyterianism and Congregationalism were no bar to a change of 
 church relationship, when this clergyman found the change desirable ; 
 and some years later, the church that had, under his leadership, anath- 
 ematized two inoffensive women for changing their church relationship, 
 renounced Presbytery and went over to Congregationalism. In a word, 
 the church that had withdrawn the hand of fellowship, and all chris- 
 tian and brotherly care, from two members who had joined the Chris- 
 tians, openly acknowledged the inconsistency of their conduct, and the 
 untenability of their position, and vindicated the wisdom of their 
 
263 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 former companions, by renouncing Presbytery for something, no better 
 than the Christian church, which they had so lately declared heretical in 
 doctrine. 
 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHDEOh/ 
 
 In the grants of land made under the New Hampshire charters, three 
 rights in each township were resei ved for religious purposes. One of 
 these was a Glebe for the Church of England, as by law established, or, 
 in other words, for the support of an Episcopal clergy in the then col- 
 ony of New Hampshire. Gov. Wentworth was an Episcopalian, but 
 the numbers of that sect, then on the grants, was exceedingly small. 
 They were indeed a minor sect, as they have to this time remained, and 
 will continue to remain. A great majority of the colonists were Con- 
 gregationalists, and that denomination was by the colonial government 
 considered and treated as the established religion; consequently the one 
 right in each township reserved for the first settled minister fell into 
 possession of the Congregationalists, and became ia fee, the property of 
 the ministers of that denomination. 
 
 Prompted by the expectation that both the Glebe and the Propaga- 
 ting right would ultimately enable them to support their own minis- 
 ters, and erect churches, Episcopalians were induced to remove into 
 the newly chartered townships of Vermont ; but the predominance of 
 the Congregationalists, and the prejudices entertained against the 
 Episcopalians, militated against the progress of this sect to such an 
 extent, that during the session of the General Assembly in Rutland, in 
 the autumn of 1794, an attempt was made to sequester the lands of the 
 Propagating Society to the use of the University of Vermont. Failing 
 in this, the advocates of the measure took steps toward diverting both 
 the Glebe and the society lands from their intended use. As a result, 
 laws were enacted which confiscated the whole property of the Episco- 
 pal church, in Vermont, to the State. 
 
 The first general convention of the Episcopal Diocese in Vermont was 
 held in Arlington in September, 1790. Twenty-one lay and clerical del- 
 egates were in attendance. This convention requested two of its mem- 
 bers, Messrs. Gifford and Todd, to endeavor to obtain an act of the 
 Legislature for the purpose of securing possession of their lands — the 
 society and Glebe lands. " 
 
 ' Owing to the rtegligence of Rev. Mr. Flanders, rector of the Episcopal church ia 
 Hartford, to furnish me with data concerning his church, I am unable to present 
 any facts relating to the history of that church in this town. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 363 
 
 (Mr. Todd was then a member of the Legislature from Arlington.) No 
 effort was made by these laymen in the Legislature that year. 
 
 The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts was 
 incorporated by a charter granted by William III of England, in the 
 thirteenth year of his reign, (_1702), in order that a better provision 
 might be made for the preaching of the gospel, and the maintenance of 
 an orthodox clergy in the colonies of Great Britain. "This society took 
 an early notice of the grants made to it by Gov. Wentworth. In July, 
 1762, an acceptance of the donation was expressed. On the 20th of May, 
 1785. the society instructed their secretary to write to some one or more 
 members of the Church of England in each of the States of America, in 
 which the society had property to take all proper care in securing said 
 property ; and further, to inform such persons that the society intended 
 to make over all such property to the use of the Episcopal church in 
 this country."— Peters' Eeports, Vol. IV., pp. 482-483. 
 
 In June, 1785, the Legislature of Vermont held a session in Norwich. 
 In pursuance of an act passed at that session, a charter was issued to 
 President Wheelock of Dartmouth College for a tract of land six miles 
 square. This grant was named Wheelock. In October of that year, 
 during the session of the Legislature in Windsor, President Wheelock 
 proposed to the Legislature of Vermont the sequestration for the use of 
 said college of the rights of land reserved for the Propagation Society, 
 and for the purpose of Glebes, etc. The business was referred to the 
 next session of the Legislature. At the next session, in the ensuing 
 February, the matter was disposed of by the resolution : " That the 
 proposals from Dartmouth College are such as cannot be accepted." — 
 Am. Quar. Reg., Vol. XIII, p. 395. 
 
 The committee appointed in October, 1786, on the subject of Dart- 
 mouth College, gave, in their report, the following opinion respecting 
 the fee of the lands granted to the Propagation Society : " In the opin- 
 ion of this committee, the lands formerly claimed by the Society for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in consequence of the revo- 
 lution, are now become the property of the citizens of Vermont." In 
 October, 1787, an act was passed, authorizing the selectmen of the sev- 
 eral towns to take care of and improve the Glebe and society lands for 
 the space of seven years, and to apply the incomes to the improvement 
 of the lands. An exception was made of those Glebes which might be 
 in the actual possession of Episcopal ministers. — Williams' Hist. Vt., 
 Vol. IL Chap X. 
 
 At the convention of the Episcopal church in Vermont, in 1793, Eev. 
 Dr. Edward Bass, of Newburyport, Mass., was elected bishop of Ver- 
 
364 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 mont, but he was not consecrated. At a special convention of the dio- 
 cese holden in Manchester, Feb. 27, 1794, Col. John A. Graham of Eut- 
 land, nominated for bishop the Rev. Samuel Peters, L. L. D., and he 
 ■was elected. Dr. Peters was then residing in London. Coll Graham 
 was sent to England to secure the consecration of Dr. Peters, and also, 
 as agent and attorney of the church in Vermont to procure a convey- 
 ance of the land of the Propagation Society within this State to himself 
 and certain other gentlemen. Mr. Graham failed in his mission. The 
 Archbishop of Canterbury declined to consecrate Dr. Peters, and the 
 Propagation Society declined to convey their lands to Col. Graham. — 
 Documentary Hist. Prot. Epis. Ch. in Vt., pp. 16-46. 
 
 I deem it proper for the information of my readers to lay before them 
 an account of the action taken by the Legislature of Vermont respect- 
 ing the Society and Glebe reservations in the New Hampshire grants, 
 also of the action taken by the Propagation Society, as well as the efforts 
 put forth hf the Episcopalians to secure to themselves the possession 
 of both the Glebe and society lands, this being a part of the history of 
 the church, as well as of the time. I will, therefore, insert here so much 
 of the journal of the session of 1794, as relates to the two bills passed 
 that session concerning the sequestration of the society and Glebe lands 
 to the use of the State : 
 
 " On Friday, October 17, 1794, on motion of Ira Allen, Resolved, 
 That His Excellency the Governor and'Oouncil be requested to join the 
 House in Grand Committee to-morrow morning, to take into considera- 
 tion the propriety of disposing of the land in the several towns of this 
 State, reserved for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." 
 On the 18th of October, agreeable to the order of the day, the governor 
 and council and the house joined in grand committee to consider the 
 propriety of disposing of the rights reserved for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel in Foreign Parts. After the charter of the town of Rutland, 
 issued by Gov. Wentworth, and the treaty of peace concluded between 
 the United States and Great Britain, in 1783, were read, the committee 
 adjoarned until October 21. The committee met pursuant to adjourn- 
 ment, and resolved : " That it is the opinion of this committee that the 
 lands in this State, granted by the late Governor Wentworth of New 
 Hampshire to the Society for the' Propagation of the. Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts, does of right belong to this State." 
 
 On motion of Ira Allen a committee of one from each county was ap- 
 pointed to report their opinion to the grand committee, as to what use 
 should be made of the rights granted to the Propagation Society. This 
 committee reported their opinion to be that the Legislature had sole 
 right to dispose of the right in each town called the propagation right, 
 and that they be disposed of for the use and benefit of common schools, 
 in the several towns in which they lie. Also, that for the better im- 
 
HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 365 
 
 provement of the Glebe lands, the selectmen of the several towns should 
 take possession of the same. On "Wednesday, Oct. 29th, a bill entitled 
 an act directing the uses of the rights of land in this State heretofore 
 granted by the British Government, as Glebes, for the benefit of the 
 Church of England was read a second time. On the question, will the 
 House accept said bill ; it passed in the afBrmtitive. Teas, 100, nays, 
 15. The bill directing the appropriation of the society lands was also 
 read and adopted. These bills then went to the Governor and Council 
 for concurrence. They were returned to the House October 30th, 1794, 
 and became laws. The law relating to Glebes gave the selectmen of 
 those towns in which there were Glebe rights, power to take possession 
 of them, to lease them for a term of years, not exceeding fourteen, and 
 to distribute the income in case there was more than one rehgious 
 teacher in the respective towns, for the support of such teachers in 
 proportion to the number of ratable polls belonging to the respective 
 congregations and residents in such towns. The law relating to the 
 Propagation lands, provided that the selectmen should take possession 
 of said lands and lease them out, and the rents and profits should be 
 distributed in the several school districts, annually, in proportion to the 
 number of ratable polls in such district, the lease to be perpetual. 
 
 The first effort made to take possession of the Glebe-lands was a suit 
 in ejectment brought by the selectmen of Manchester to recover the 
 Glebe, which was in the hands of Rev. Daniel Barber. The ground ta- 
 ken by the prosecution was, that the Glebe grants were void because 
 the grantees named in the charter were not in existence to receive. 
 Against this it was contended, that, at the time of the grants, the church 
 of England had a corporate existence. The court, Patterson, judge, 
 decided in favor of the defendant, pronouncing the act of 1794 uncon- 
 stitutional and void. No appeal was taken from this decision. In 
 obedience to this decision of the U. S. Circuit Court, the Legislature in 
 1799 passed an act repealing the act of 1794. The Glebe rights in 
 those towns in which there was an Episcopal church were at once leased. 
 
 In 1802, the Legislature, setting in Burlington, again considered the 
 subject of sequestering the Glebe reservations. The question was refer- 
 red to a committee, who reported as their opinion " that the Glebe 
 lands are vested in and at the disposal of the State, and that said lands 
 ought to be granted and appropriated to and for the use of county 
 grammar schools, in the several counties in which they lie " The sub- 
 ject was referred to the next session of the Legislature, when, after an 
 effort to sequester the Glebe lands for the use of schools, the subject 
 was dismissed. 
 
366 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 In 1805, the General Assembly held its session in Danville, Vt. At 
 this session the situation of the Glebe lands was again considered, and 
 a committee was appointed to whom were referred several petitions on 
 that subject. This committee reported a bill entitled, " An act direct- 
 ing the disposal of the Glebe lands in .this State." The report was ac- 
 cepted, and on Saturday, November 2d, the bill was passed in the 
 affirmative ; yeas, 95, nays, 63. On the 5th, it was approved by the 
 Governor and Council and became a law. By this law the several 
 rights of land in Vermont, granted under the authority of the British 
 Government to the Church of England, were granted, severally, to the 
 respective towns in which such lands laid, to their respective use and 
 uses forever, in the manner following: — 
 
 " It shall be the duty of the selectmen, in the respective towns, in the 
 name and behalf, and at the expense of such towns, if necessary to sue 
 for and recover the possession of such lands, and the same to lease out, 
 according to their best judgment, reserving an annual rent therefor, 
 which shall be paid into the treasury of such town, and appropriated to 
 the use of schools therein, and shall be applied in the same manner as 
 moneys arising from school lands are, by law directed to be applied." — 
 Laws of Vt, compiled by William Slade, Jr., p. 198." 
 
 In the Episcopal convention of 1805 held in Arlington, a resolution 
 was passed directing the standing committee to take measures for pro- 
 curing a conveyance of the lands originally granted to the Propagation 
 society. A resolution was passed requesting Bishop Moore, of New 
 York, to take the church in Vermont under his care. He consented 
 with a view of giving more efficacy to the petition for a conveyance of 
 said lands. — Episcopal Recorder, March 7, 1835. 
 
 The petition was not heeded, and it viras determined at the next ap- 
 plication to ask for a power of Attorney, but nothing was done till the 
 return of peace, though the business was not wholly neglected. The 
 Convention of the church held in Middlebury in 1810, formed and 
 adopted a new constitution. This was a convention of the clerical and 
 lay delegates of the churches of the Eastern Dioeeise, consisting of the 
 churches of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Ver- 
 mont. In 1810, Rev. Alexander V. Griswold of Rhode Island was 
 elected Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, and was canouically consecrated 
 by Bishops White, Provost and Jarvis, in Trinity church, in the City 
 of New York, on the 29th day of May, 1811. 
 
 In July, 1808, Rev. Charles Stewart, a missionary in Canada, and sub- 
 sequently bishop of Quebec, tendered his services to the church to pro- 
 cure from the Propagation Society a conveyance of their lands. In July, 
 
 ' Sherman Dewey , Representative from Hartford, voted in the affirmative. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 367 
 
 1815, Dr. Stewart, after visiting Vermont, set off for Europe, bearing a 
 petition from the church. In December following, the society passed a 
 resolution to grant to the church a power of attorney, but this was not 
 received until 1817. This paper, with others, were put into the hands of 
 Daniel Chipman, attorney for the church, who took two years for 
 the examination of the case before commencing any process. Then he 
 brought a suit for land in New Haven, which was defended by a grant 
 of money from the State, and in March, 1823, decided in the Supreme 
 Court of the TJhited States in favor of the church. Mr. Hopkinson, of 
 Philadelphia, argued the case for the society, and Daniel Webster, of 
 Boston, for the defendants. 
 
 The agents of the church met in Middlebury, April 30, 1823, to take 
 measures to lease the lands, when it was unanimously agreed to lease 
 them to the tenants then in occupation — the buildings and betterments 
 made on the lands by the tenant to be his, and the land leased to him at 
 a rent proportional to the value of the land without reference to the 
 buildings and betterments made by him — conditional, however, upon 
 the surrender of his lease from the town. — Agents' Report, June 26th, 
 1823. 
 
 In the year 1810, an action of ejectment was brought by the town of 
 Pawlet against Daniel Clark and others to recover possession of the 
 Glebe lot in that town. In 1815 this suit was decided by the Supreme 
 Court of the United States in Washington, in favor of the town. This 
 case was argued in 1814, by Messrs. Pitkin and Webster for the town, 
 and by Mr. Sheperd for the defendants. At the February term, 1815, 
 Mr. Justice Story delivered the opinion of the majority of the court. — 
 See Documentary Hist. Church in Vt., pp. 137-140. 
 
 This suit involved all the Glebe reservations in the New Hampshire 
 grants. The decision of the Supreme Court sustained the act of the 
 General Assembly of 1805, and all controversy between the State and 
 the church was thus terminated. Nevertheless the church deemed the 
 action of the Supreme court a great wrong. It was not till 1831 -3, that 
 the long series of difficulties which the church had to encounter were in 
 the main removed. Judgments had been rendered in favor of the soci- 
 ety in all cases carried into court to that time. 
 
 By mutual consent and permission of the Convention of the Eastern 
 Diocese and of the conventions of the several States composing said 
 diocese, the Protestant Episcopal church in Vermont was separated 
 from the Eastern Diocese in 1832, and became an independent and dis- 
 tinct Episcopal jurisdiction under the name of the " Diocese of Ver- 
 
268 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 mont." On Thursday, May 31, 1832, the Eev. John H. Hopkins was 
 duly elected bishop of the Episcopal church in Vermont. 
 
 On retiring from the Eastern Diocese, Bishop Griswold delivered an 
 address before the convention of said diocese, in Trinity Church in Bos- 
 ton, Sept. 26, 1832, in which he said of the church in Vermont : 
 "Eighteen years ago they had but one, or at most two, officiating clergy- 
 men ; now they have twelve. Then they had not one church edifice ; now 
 they have twelve new ones which are consecrated, and five or six more 
 which are building. Then they had three organized parishes ; in their 
 late convention twenty-four were represented. Thousands of dollars 
 they have expended in obtaining possession of the lands which belong 
 to this church ; now, as we hope, the business is settled and these ex- 
 pensive litigations at an end." 
 
 Owing to the non-fulfillment of a promise made by the rector of the 
 Episcopal church in Hartford I am without reliable data concerning 
 the history of his church. Whether he acted ex mero niotu, or ex 
 necessitate rei, I am unable to say, but I should purchase expecta- 
 tion, in this case, at a dear rate, if the public were left to infer that the 
 absence of said history was attributable to ill-intention or indifference 
 on my part. 
 
 In the absence of other information concerning the Episcopal sect in 
 
 Hartford in early times I will quote a letter written by Rev. Ranna 
 
 Cossit, an Episcopal missionary, about the year IVZS, viz.: 
 
 "There were chui-ch people settled scattering for above 150 miles on Con- 
 necticut river. The nearest of these to any clergyman is 130 miles. * * * 
 Twenty-four mUes above Springfield, Vt., Dr. Wheelock hath a college and in- 
 forms the church people that he will supply them with ministers. There is a 
 considerable number of church people opposite Dr. Wheelock, on New York 
 side of the river and some on the same side with hmi, who constantly meet to 
 read prayers among themselves." 
 
 Mr. Cossit returned to England for holy orders in December, 1772, 
 and was ordained there in 1773, by the bishop of London. He re- 
 turned to this country and settled in Claremont, N. H., as the first 
 Episcopal minister of that place. He removed from Claremont to 
 Cape Breton in 1785. 
 
 The following table exhibits the names of the present occupants of 
 
 the propagating lands in Hartford; the' number of acres leased by each; 
 
 the rent paid by each lessee, and the value of each leased lot : 
 
 Lessees. No. Acres. Rental. Value. 
 
 Downing, Portus 30 $5 00 $500 00 
 
 Mossey, David 30 5 00 300 00 
 
 Newton, Solon, Est 12 2 00 120 00 
 
 Sprague, Israel 6 100 60 00 
 
 Toughy, Martin 50 6 00 700 00 
 
 West, M. H.,Jr 24 4 00 500 00 
 
 Whitman & Cowen 190 3135 750 00 
 
 Totals - ---- 342 $54 25 $3930 00 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 269 
 
 The rent derived from the above named lands is now paid to Geo. R. 
 Chapman, Woodstock, Vt. 
 
 UNIVEKSALISTS. 
 
 The first Universalist society in the town was organized at a meeting 
 held in Grover's Hall, White River Junction, May 3, 1878. After 
 some discussion it was voted to organize a society to be known as the 
 " First Universalist Society of White River Junction." A constitu- 
 tion was adopted and the organization completed by the election of the 
 following officers: Moderator, E. H. Bagley ; clerk, A. J. Rollins; 
 treasurer, H. H. Hanchett ; collector, Fred Hanchett. 
 
 Executive Committee, White River Junction, A. C. Bean, S. A. Pot- 
 ter, A. T. Pierce ; Hartford village, Mrs. C. S. Hamilton, Mrs. S. M. 
 Pingree; West Lebanon, N. H., J. M. Ralstone. 
 
 Trustees, W. W. Barnes, Irvin Russ, David H. Moore. 
 
 In September, 18 78, the society commenced the work of building 
 their present church edifice, which was completed and dedicated in 
 June, 1879. The building committee consisted of Messrs. E. H. Bag- 
 ley, Irvin Russ and Allen L. Pease. The architect and builder was 
 Mr. Irvin Russ. The cost of the structure was about $2500. 
 
 The society's records have been indifferently kept, both as regards 
 facts and dates. There is no record of the dedicatory exercises, nor of 
 the exact time of their occurrence. The pastors of the church and 
 society thus far have been as follows : J. C. Farnsworth, Wm. E. 
 Copeland, George W. Barnes, and the present pastor, Walter Dole. 
 There are about twenty familes in the parish, nearly all of which live 
 within a radius of one mile of their place of worship. The choir com- 
 prises Mr. N. S. Eddy, Mr. S. H. Potter, Mrs. S. H. Potter, Miss Win- 
 nie Barnes, Mrs. Dr. Watson and Miss Olea Bean. Both vocal and 
 instrumental music are of a high order. 
 
 THE SECOND ADVENTISTS. 
 
 This is a religious sect of recent origin. Its beginning was in the 
 year 1842-3. They recognize William Miller as their leader, to whom 
 they refer as an authority. They believe in and preach the speedy 
 second coming of Christ. Miller prophesied that the second coming of 
 our Lord would occur in the year 1843. He preached in this section 
 first in Pomfret in the autumn of 1842, and a large number were then 
 converted to his faith or belief, and many of his converts in Pomfret, 
 and surrounding towns, were so deeply affected by the expectation that 
 his prophecy would be fulfilled, that they relinquished nearly all world- 
 ly business of a secular nature, and gave away their property. Some 
 
370 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 went so far as to declare that, if all earthly things failed to end as pre- 
 dicted by Miller, they would no longer take the Holy Bible as the rule 
 of faith and manners, nor repose faith in God as a Supreme Being ! So 
 great was the excitement created by the preaching of Miller that many 
 of his followers became hopelessly insane; and when the utter falla- 
 ciousness of his predictions became evident, many of his converts who 
 had previously been exemplary members of some religious body, be- 
 came apostates and bitter adversaries of Christianity, and finally lapsed 
 into spiritualism, or some other phase of infidelity. For some years 
 subsequent to 1843, there were several of this class of people in Hart- 
 ford. They were called "Millerites." Those who now hold to the 
 docti'ine that the second coming of Christ is not far distant, are known 
 as Second Adventists. 
 
 On the 16th of August, 1887, certain members of this sect purchased 
 of Orren A. Taft, six acres of land lying on the west side of Connecti- 
 cut river about one mile above White River Junction, and closely ad- 
 jacent to the Passumpsic railroad. This place was selected for an 
 Advent camp-meeting ground. The first camp-meeting held on this 
 ground commenced August 8th and ended September 11th, 1887. This 
 meeting attracted a large attendance of people, who found the location 
 pleasant, the preaching entertaining and instructive, and the exercises 
 in general interesting. Order, proper decorum and solemnity charac- 
 terized the occasion. All who attended the services were favorably 
 impressed by the candid, intelligent exposition of the tenets and belief 
 of the Adventists made by their preachers. The earnestness, serious- 
 ness and whole deportment of the Adventists, during this meeting, 
 proved that they were not nominal Christians, and that their worship 
 was influenced by a Christian spirit. No room was left for unkindly 
 comments or invidious criticism. 
 
 On the 3d of September, 1887, an organization was effected under 
 the name of the " White River Junction Campmeeting Association," 
 for the purpose of holding public worship and religious meetings by 
 Advent Campmeetings. The articles of association were signed by 
 John Couch, R. N. Stetson, Wm. Guild, Luther E. Lord, P. G. Lord, 
 Daniel Johnson, Wm. C. Bugbee, Ezra Willey, David H. Bragg, Ballard 
 B. Chedell, L. C. McKinsley, Myron H. Wilmot, and E. A. Stockman, 
 corporators. Royal N". Stetson was elected President and Wm. Guild 
 Secretary. The ground purchased is to be known under the title of 
 " The White River Junction Advent Ground." 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 371 
 
 PURITANS. 
 
 This sect existed in Hartford for several years. Its beginning was 
 about the year 1820. Their meetings were held in private houses, un- 
 der the cover of darkness. Their form of worship was characterized 
 by scenes at once ludicrous and immoral. They endeavored to exclude 
 from their meetings all who did not endorse their tenets and practice, 
 but they could not, for a long time at least, conceal their flagrant 
 violations of law and order, and were compelled to discontinue their 
 meetings in this town. This body was not in any respect like the New 
 England Fathers who bore the same title, but a small sect that later 
 arose and assumed the same name. 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 .EDUCATION". 
 
 Most of the early settlers of Hartford came here from Connecticut, 
 in which State liberal provisions were, at that period, made for the sup- 
 port of common schools. They possessed nothing more than a common 
 school education, which was then limited to English reading, writing, 
 and arithmetic. But though they had received but little education, 
 and had but little time to devote to reading and study, they were not 
 unappreoiative of the advantages resulting from these, hence, they made 
 the most liberal provisions in their power for the establishment and 
 support of common schools and other institutions of learning. They 
 attached equal importance to the support of schools and the gospel. 
 
 The subject of education has been a theme upon which there has been 
 but little, if any, division of sentiment, or fluctuation of interest among 
 the inhabitants of the town, and the same may be said of the people of 
 Vermont in general. In framing the constitution of the State, our 
 fathers were not unmindful of the importance of making liberat"provis- 
 ions for promoting the cause of common education. Section 40 of the 
 constitution says : — " A school or schools shall be established in each 
 town by the legislature for the convenient instruction of youth * * * 
 One grammar school in each county, and one university in this State, 
 ought to be established by direction of the General Assembly." 
 
 On the 31st of October, 1797, an act for the support of schools was 
 passed by the General Assembly of Vermont. The first clause of sec- 
 tion one of said act reads as follows: — "That each organized town in this 
 State shall keep and support a school or schools for the instruction of 
 youth in English reading, writing, and arithmetic." 
 
 Our governors have not failed to recommend to the General Assembly 
 to cherish with guardian care our primary schools, and to make suitable 
 provisions for maintaining the same. In his speech to the General 
 Assembly in 1800, Governor Tichenor said: — "In every attempt to 
 promote the interests of science, the education of youth, or to render 
 respectable the institutions and precepts of Christianity, we shall be in 
 the discharge of a duty highly useful in a chi-istian country, and every 
 way interesting to a free people." In 1810, Governor Galusha said to 
 the General Assembly: — " Your attention, gentlemen ought not to be 
 
HISTORY OP HARTFOED. 373 
 
 wholly confined to the higher institutions of literature; neither should 
 the means of knowledge be restricted to one class of people, but liberally 
 imparted to all." In 1821, Governor Skinnef said to the General As- 
 sembly: — " A general diffusion of useful knowledge, and an improved 
 state of science afford the best security to civil and religious liberty * * * 
 A diligent and persevering attention to the education of our children, is 
 that without which we cannot expect the people will long retain a 
 republican form of government." Like sentiments have been reiterated 
 in the messages of succeeding governors, and their recommendations 
 and suggestions have been followed by wise and progressive legislation 
 to foster the interests of literature, the sciences, seminaries, and com- 
 mon schools. 
 
 During the long pending controversy between the " Society for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts," and those who desired to 
 sequester the lands set apart by the several charters to the use of said 
 societj'-, for the support of schools in Vermont, those who favored the 
 sequestration claimed that the use of the rental of said lands for the sup- 
 port of schools, would be of greater benefit to the public than the rental 
 could be for religious purposes. While denying this proposition, the 
 Propagating Society paid an eloquent tribute to the benefits of secular 
 education. 
 
 Our forefathers entertained the same enlightened views concerning 
 the principle of popular education that were expressed by the patriots 
 of the French Revolution of 1789. The laws, conceived, prepared, sus- 
 tained and executed in regard to primary instruction, were the noblest, 
 wisest creations of the age in which they lived. By the side of the hum- 
 ble parish church was erected the modest school-house where the chil- 
 dren of the rich and the poor alike resorted for knowledge, " that other 
 bread of the soul which was to support them through the rough trials 
 of life." 
 
 Public instruction in Vermont is divided generally into four kinds: 
 Primary or common schools, so-called ; high schools, more recently called 
 academies ; Normal schools, and colleges ; or, where professional educa- 
 tion is added, universities. These four classes of institutions convey 
 four gradations of education. The primary schools are of three kinds ; 
 the public or common schools, the parochial or church schools, and pri- 
 vate or individual schools. In these primary schools the children of the 
 people in general, whatever their condition, are educated in those ele- 
 ments of knowledge which are considered most useful in common life — 
 
 18 
 
374 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 ranging according to the age and capacity of pupils, from spelling and 
 definition, reading, writing, grammar, including composition, elements 
 of drawing, geography. United States history, history of Vermont, men- 
 tal and written arithmetic, natural history, music, elements of natural 
 philosophy, and of algebra, analysis of language and declamation. 
 
 The object of high schools and academies is to give some knowl- 
 edge of higher studies, such as mathematics, history, or the classics. 
 The object of colleges is to afford what is termed a thorough classical 
 education, being a course of instruction in the sciences, the classics, phil- 
 osophy, and belles lettres. To this course is generally added a supple- 
 mentary one in law, medicine and theology, open to volunteer students 
 for professional life. "When a college has classes in these subjects it 
 is termed a university, an institution in which, it is presumed, all 
 branches of study are taught. In addition to these means of instruction, 
 there are three normal schools in which those who design to teach school 
 can obtain professional training in the subjects to be taught ; the sci- 
 ence of the mind, and the best methods of teaching. The sources of 
 income for school purposes are the interest of the United States deposit 
 money, the rent of lands set apart for the support of common schools, 
 the incotoe from funds donated to the State and to towns by individ- 
 uals, and town and district taxes. 
 
 In 1836, Vermont received on deposit from the United States govern- 
 ment, the sum of $669,086.79, being its share of the surplus revenue, 
 divided, and loaned to the several States. The Legislature enacted that 
 the money be apportioned to the several towns, in proportion to the 
 population as shown by the census of 1830, and that each town elect 
 trustees to loan and care for the same, who should be accountable for 
 the return of said money, or any part thereof, to the State treasury, 
 whenever called for by the treasurer, upon the requisition of the United 
 States, or for the purpose of a new apportionment. Also, that the inter- 
 est of said money loaned to the several towns, should be appropriated 
 to the support of common schools ; provided, that, if a town has other 
 school funds, the income of which is sufficient to support schools in all 
 the districts in such town for six months in each year, such town may 
 appropriate the income received from its share of such money to the 
 support of schools, or to any other purpose. 
 
 The first division of the surplus revenue to towns in Vermont, 
 occurred in 1838. Hartford then received about $4780. The town then 
 voted to divide the interest of this fund equally among all the school 
 districts in the town. The first trustees of that fund, chosen by this 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 275 
 
 town, were John Porter, William Savage and Lewis Lyman. The pres- 
 ent and sole trustee of the fund is Hon. Wm. S. Dewey of Quechee vil- 
 lage. Ill 1852, the town purchased the toll bridge at White Eiver vil- 
 lage, and borrowed the public money to pay for said bridge, in which 
 property it is still invested. On the census of 1880 the amount appor- 
 tioned to Hartford was $5,948.14. Since 1883, the interest devoted to 
 schools has been, annually, $357.15. 
 
 The first action taken by Hartford relative to the school land, was 
 under date of March 19, 1769, when the proprietors chose Lieut. John 
 Strong to take care of said land and rent it out in order to make it 
 profitable to the town. In 1770, Dr. Wheelock asked the proprietors of 
 the town to donate the Glebe lands of the town to Dartmouth college. 
 At a town meeting held in the dwelling house of Joel Marsh, at West 
 , Hartford, March 13, 1770, for the purpose of considering Dr. Wheelock's 
 proposition, it was voted " that we wiU do nothing in respect to the 
 schoiol to be erected by Dr. Wheelock." 
 
 Dr. Wheelock was more successful in his appeals to the generosity of 
 several land-owners of Hartford. In the year 1771, Messrs. Abel Marsh, 
 Israel Gillett, John Gillett, Ruf us Baldwin, William Bramble and Eben- 
 ezer Bliss, each donated land to Dartmouth College ; in all, sis lots, con- 
 taining 450 acres. In 1783, Eleazer Eobinson donated 100 acres to the 
 same institution. Referring to the land record book of 1771, I find 
 recorded, under date of January 4th, a deed given by Israel Gillett to 
 Dr. Wheelock and the trustees of Dartmouth College, which is quoted 
 here, pro forma, for the benefit of all who are interested in such docu- 
 ments : — 
 
 " To all people to whom these presents shall come, Greeting: — 
 
 Whereas, it has pleased his excellency John Wentworth, Esq., Govei'nor and 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Province of New Hampshire, with the advice of his 
 Majesty's Council for said Province, for the benefit and instruction of Indian 
 youth begun, and for several years last past, carried on by Eleazer Wheelock, D. 
 D., as well as the liberal education of any others who will accept the same, to 
 erect and constitute a coUege in the west part of said province by the name of 
 Dartmouth College, and by a charter under the great seal of said province, to 
 endow the same with many noble franchises and privileges, as well as to make 
 generous donations toward a fund for supporting the same; therefore, in consid- 
 eration of the extensive charity of the design, and in addition to said fimd, I, 
 Israel GiUett, of Hartford, in the County of Cumberland and State of New York, 
 yeoman, have given, granted, and by these presents do absolutely give, grant, 
 convey and confirm to the Trustees of Dartmouth CoUege, and to their succes- 
 sors in that trust for the use and benefit of said college, one hundred acres of un- 
 divided land, in Hai-tford, in the county of Cumberland, in the pi'ovince of New 
 York, to be laid out to the right which was originally gi-anted to Daniel Reding- 
 ton, as by the charter and schedule of said township may appear." 
 
 The first mention made, in the town records, of the number of schol- 
 ars in any one district, or of school districts, is under date of March 11, 
 
276 HISTORY OF HARTFORD 
 
 1805, wherein Daniel Ransom, clerk of the 3d district (Queohee) re-- 
 ported the number of scholars, over four and under eighteen years of 
 age, in said district, to be sixty-five. A return made March 13th, 1805, 
 bj^ Zerah Brooks, clerk of the " Christian street " district gave the num- 
 ber of scholars, over four and under eighteen, to be thirty-two. Prob- 
 ably there were, at that time, but three districts in the town, that is to 
 say, there were but three schools in the town, and these, for conven- 
 ience sake, were designated by numbers, though as yet they were not 
 organized. 
 
 In March, 1806, a committee consisting of Daniel Marsh, Reuben 
 Tenney, Daniel Ransom, Josiah Tilden and Abel Barron, was chosen 
 to divide the town into school districts. This committee reported, in 
 town meeting, March, 1807, that they had divided the town into seven- 
 teen districts. Geographically the districts were located as follows : — 
 No. 1, centre of the town ; (2) Thomas Pitkin' ; (3) Christopher 
 Pease's, (Quechee) ; (4) James Burtch's ; (5) Abel Camp's, (West 
 Hartford) ; (6) David Ingraham's ; (7) Wm Pixley's, (Jericho) ; (8) 
 Dothan meeting-house ; (9) Israel Gillet's, (Christian St.) ; (10) Luther 
 Powell's, (Centerville) ; (11) Capt. Dorr's, (Lyman's Point) ; (12) Joel 
 Brink's, (Rustown) ; (13) Mitchell Clark's, (W. R. Junction) ; (14) 
 south side of White River, (Geo. Pease's) ; (15) at the brick school 
 house, (James Udall's) ; (16) Joel Dimick's and Cad well Phelps', 
 (Arthur Hazen's; ; (17) White River village, north side of the river. 
 
 The earliest records of the leases of lands for the use of schools, in- 
 cluding all sequestered for that purpose, are found in Volumes 2 and 3 
 of Land Records. Among the lots set apart to the Ministerial Right, 
 or for the first settled minister, was lot No. 31, a hundred acre lot in 
 the second division of land made by the proprietors. The first settled 
 minister. Rev. Thomas Gross, sold this lot to John Dutton in 1786, by 
 whom it was sold to Joseph Marsh, Oct. 13th, 1788. In 1792, the se- 
 lectmen of the town took possession of said lot, and leased it by a com- 
 mittee for the benefit of schools, it being the first lease found on record. 
 The lease reads as follows, viz : — 
 
 "This indented lease made this 19th day of Sept. 1792, by and be- 
 tween Joshua Hazen, David Wright and Amos Robinson, all of Hart- 
 ford, in the county of Windsor, and State of Vermont, a committee ap- 
 pointed by s'd Town of Hartford to take care of and to lease the 
 school lands in said Town of Hartford, on the one part, and Jonas 
 Bruce of s'd Hartford on the other part, Witnesseth : that we the said 
 Joshua Hazen, David Wright, and Amos Robinson, for the considera- 
 tion hereafter mentioned, and by virtue of the power in us vested by s'd 
 Town of Hartford, do by these presents demise, lease and to farm let to 
 the said Jonas Bruce, his heirs and assigns, one certain hundred acre 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 377 
 
 lot in s'd Town of Hartford, and is ' No. 31 ' in the second division of 
 hundred acre lots in said Town, which was drawn or pitched to the 
 School Right in s'd Town. For him the said Jonas Bruce his heirs or 
 assigns to have, hold, US3, occupy and improve according to the rules of 
 good husbandry for and during the full term of Nine Hundred and 
 Ninety-nine years from the date hereof, thence to he complete and 
 ended ; the said Bruce at the end of six years from this date to pay into 
 the Treasury of s'd Town of Hartford five pounds ($24.20) then in a 
 year after that five pounds ten shillings, then a year after that six 
 pounds, and to continue to pay six pounds yearly to the end of the term 
 of 999 years, the payment to be made in neat stock or grain at money 
 price ; and on the first failure of the payment of the yearly rents as 
 aforesaid the s'd Bruce, his heirs and assigns to forfeit all right or title 
 to the said letten premises, and the same to revert back to the said 
 Town of Hartford. In witness whereof the parties have hereinto set 
 their hands and seals. — (signed) Joshua Hazen, Amos Robinson, Jonas 
 Bruce. 
 
 The foregoing form was observed by said committee in making sub- 
 sequent leases, whether of Propagating, Church of England, or other 
 sequestered lands. In a book, entitled, " A Journal of the Town of 
 Hartford," now known as " The Selectmen's Book," on page one may be 
 found a record of sundry demands in favor of the town for the use of 
 supporting schools, included in which are ten notes against Charles and 
 John Pinneo, amounting to $175. On page seven of said book, is the 
 following entry : — "Hartford April 1801, Received of Benjamin Pixley 
 eight dollars and thirty-four cents as a rent for one-half of the school 
 lot." 
 
 The lot named was ' No. 14,' of the first division of hundred acre lots, 
 and was leased Dec. 30, 1794, one-half to. said Pixly, the balance to 
 Putnam Wilson. The first payment of rent to be made by eatch in 
 four years from Dec. 25, 1795, was fifty shillings, with an annual rise 
 of ten shillings to four pounds ten shillings, the maximum rent thei-e- 
 after. Lot ' No. 14,' above named, was pitched to the school right, June 
 27, 1781. It is located on what is known as the Goshen road, and em- 
 braces sixty acres, now leased and occupied by Charles Hatch, the bal- 
 ance being leased to another party. 
 
 Lot ' No. 6,' in the first hundred acre division, is on the north side of 
 White River, and was laid out to the Glebe Right. A lease of the 
 west half was given to Hezekiah Hazen, in 1809, and of the east half to 
 Billa Gillett, in 1807, for the use of schools. Lot 'No. 6 ' adjoins the 
 Propagating lot ' No. 15,' of one hundred acres, and the present lease 
 holders are Reuben Loveland (50 acres), M. Hazen, West (30 acres). 
 These two lots are embraced in that portion of the town familiarly 
 known as " Church Hill." 
 
378 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 riEST SCHOOLS IN THE TOWljr. 
 
 The first school in West Hartford was taught in the dwelling house 
 of Reuben Hazen, in the summer of 1795. The winter term of 1796 
 was taught by Lionel Udall. Mr. Udall was a severe disciplinarian, and 
 the boys of that period who were under the vigilant eye of this teacher 
 were given to understand that respect was better procured by exacting 
 it than by soliciting it. Corporeal punishment was deemed requisite 
 and proper to keep the urchins in the path of duty, and Mr. Udall ex- 
 ercised his prerogative in that direction, as could have been established 
 by the mouths and backs of many witnesses. The first school-house in 
 West Hartford was built on the bank of White river, near the present 
 home of the Misses Ballard. This school-house was removed and con- 
 verted into a dwelling-house, which now constitutes the ell portion of 
 the dwelling-house directly fronting the meeting-house. The little 
 brick school-house, now standing on the bank of the river, opposite the 
 residence of Mrs. Allen Hayes, was built in 1820, and John T. Pratt 
 taught the first school in it. It was in use until the fall of 1884, when 
 it was vacated for the handsome and commodious school-house which 
 was erected that year. The old school-house, in common with others 
 of its class, was a perfect death-trap. Many children therein contracted 
 diseases incident to an ill-ventilated, over-crowded room, either too hot 
 or too cold, which resulted fatally. 
 
 It seems, however, to be almost sacrilegious to pull down the old- 
 time school-houses, around which cluster a thousand pleasant memories 
 of our youthful days. They were the scenes of a multitude of events 
 of a varied character, of associations durable as life. The old school- 
 house at West Hartford was used for many years as a place for holding 
 religious services on the Sabbath day, and, after the church was built, 
 it continued to be t,he place for prayer meetings. It was also used as a 
 place for holding singing and spelling schools, lyceums, law-suits, trials 
 before justices and juries, lectures, etc. Prom acquaintances made and 
 friendships formed within its walls, resulted many marriages — some of 
 a happy, others of an unhappy nature. 
 
 We now have better school-houses, and, perhaps, greater facilities for 
 acquiring a common school education than were enjoyed by the children 
 of half a century ago, but more commodious and more healthful school- 
 rooms, with the greater degree of comfort and pleasure afforded by im- 
 proved systems^ have not given to the world a more perfect manhood 
 or womanhood than existed under the system that prevailed a century 
 ago. The enterprise that has formed states, churches, schools, and 
 colleges, that has reared cities, built railroads, established telegraph 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 279 
 
 lines, promoted rapid ocean transit, and brought our country to its 
 present degree of prosperity, has been that of men who were educated 
 under old time systems, established with high religious as well as edu- 
 cational aims, and on the principle that " Knowledge and Virtue are the 
 main pillars of a free government." 
 
 The teachers of fifty years ago, to whom we owe a great veneration, 
 seem to have been inspired with a desire to improve both the minds and 
 the hearts of their pupils, and to impress upon them the conviction that 
 they should strive to become useful and virtuous members of society, 
 and that their condition would be improved, and their usefulness greatly 
 increased by the acquisition of useful knowledge and sound information. 
 They stimulated their pupils to a course of industry and perseverance, 
 that would serve to advance them to the honors and emoluments of 
 public employment ; or, if not ambitious of public distinction, to im- 
 prove their worldly condition and bring themselves into associations 
 with the learned and the good. 
 
 The spirit that animated the old time teachers is illustrated in a 
 
 monologue written by Mrs. L. F. Camp, entitled " Old Time Scholars." 
 
 The scene is a country school-house; Time, afternoon, as the scholars 
 
 are preparing to resume their books, when the teacher addresses them 
 
 as follows: — 
 
 " Boys, to your studies once again, 
 For, If you live, you'll soon be men; 
 'Tis my ambition you should be 
 So learned and good that all may see 
 My labors have not been in vain, 
 What I did teach was for your gain; 
 'Twill be my pride to see you fill 
 Places of trust at public will." 
 " Girls, too, store knowledge grain by grain. 
 Which joined with virtue can but gain 
 The praise none ever need disdain, 
 Nor seek for that indeed in vain. 
 And be content whate'er your lot, 
 As flowers that bloom in lowly spot. 
 Modest and sweet are often sought 
 While others gayer are forgot." 
 Thus spoke the master to those youth, 
 And they received it as the truth, 
 For they had learned ne'er to despise 
 His kindly words and counsels wise." 
 
 Tradition says that the first school in White River village, was kept 
 in Josiah Tilden's barn, on the south side of the river, about the year 
 1800; but with the exception of the school commenced in West Hart- 
 ford, there is no recorded evidence that there was any other school in 
 the town prior to 1805. Nevertheless, it seems probable that there 
 were several schools in the town as early as the year 1800; the popula- 
 tion that year being 1094; of which number there must have been at 
 least 200 persons over four and under eighteen years of age. 
 
280 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 After the division of the town into school districts in 180V, a school- 
 house was built in district 'No. 14,' by Asa and Josiah Tilden and 
 Wharam Loomis. This house stood on the ground now occupied by the 
 dwelling-house-of the late Frank Blaisdell. In 1850, that portion of 
 district 'No. 14' in which said school-house was located, was divided 
 between 'No. 13' and 'No. 17.' In 1856, this school-house was sold 
 at auction, since which time there has been no school in that portion 
 of district ' 17,' south of the bridge. By the division of the town in 
 1807, 'No. 17,' included all the inhabitants living between Lyman's 
 Point (White River Junction) and Stephen Tilden's (now Wm. But- 
 ton's residence). At first, the school-house in 'No. 17,' stood just 
 west of the present (Hartford) cemetery. In 1817 a portion of ' No. 
 17' was set off to formj 'No. 11,' and this house was removed to 
 Lyman's Point and placed on land just opposite to the residence of 
 Asaph Taft, but some years later it gave way to a new house. After 
 the "consolidation of districts 'Nos. 13 ' and ' 11 ' in 1884-5, this school- 
 house was sold to Noah B. Hazen, who converted it into the dwelling- 
 house now (1887) occupied by the Methodist pastor, Rev. R. L. Bruce. 
 In 1818, district 'No. 17' built a school-house on land belonging to 
 Bani Udall, near the present dwelling-house of Charles W. Pease. This 
 house was in use until 1848, when the district bought what was known 
 as the "Hartford Academy,'" paying for the same 1337.50, and this 
 has since been turned one-quarter around, remodeled and an annex 
 28x30 made. 
 
 HAETFORD ACADEMY SUPEEINTENDBNTS OF SCHOOLS TEACHING AS A 
 
 PROFESSION. 
 
 In October, 1839, an academy was incorporated, under the name of 
 "Hartford Academy." It was located in White River village. This 
 institution had but a brief existence. Its close proximity to other and 
 much better patronized schools precluded the possibility of permanent 
 success, or a long continued existence. In 1848, district '17' pur- 
 chased the academy building for a school-house. In 1846, the first 
 superintendents of common schools were appointed. The following 
 named gentlemen have served the town as superintendents in the years 
 named : 
 
 1846-7, John K. Lord and Rev. John Dudley; 1848, '49, '50, Revs. John Dud- 
 ley, Josiah Merrill and WUliam Claggett ; 1851, Leonard Levering ; 1852, Henry 
 Walcott ; 1858, Rev. J. Merrill ; 1854, Revs. J. Merrill, Heman Rood and Wm. 
 Claggett ; 1855-56, Samuel J. Allen, M. D. ; 1857, Revs. Heman Rood and Wm. 
 
 ' Dr. Bancroft, the very capable superintendent of the New Hampshire Stale 
 Insane Asylum, was a teacher in this seminary for about one year before the 
 building was sold to district " 17." 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 381 
 
 Claggett ; 1858, Daniel Needham ; 1859, Edwin Goodell; 1860, '61, Samuel E. 
 Pingree ; 1863, '63, '64, George Tenney ; 1865, S. E. Pingi-ee ; 1866, Rev. J. W. 
 Kingsbury ; 1867, Charles H. Tenney , M. D.; 1868, William H. Downing; 1869, 
 Charles H. Tenney; 1870 to 1881, inclusive, N. B. Haaen;. 1883-3, N. "W. White ; 
 1884^5-6, J. G. Hai-vey ; 1887, N. B. Hazen ; 1888, W. H. Currier. Vocation of 
 incumbents : Ministers of the Gospel, six ; lawyers, three ; physicians, three ; 
 farmers, five ; jewelers, one; school teachers, one ; total number nineteen, in 
 forty-three years. 
 
 In 1861, the superintendent's annual reports were first printed; 500 
 copies were then printed. The clearest, most comprehensive and inter- 
 esting report made by any superintendent, was that made by Rev. J. W. 
 Kingsbury in March, 186V. Alluding to the condition of the school- 
 bouses in the town, Mr. Kingsbury said : 
 
 " Our school houses cry loudly for reforni. Their very walls and timbers 
 groan and lament and cry out to the citizen and stranger! A very few school 
 houses are comparatively suitable and convenient. Ill-constructed, iU- ventilated 
 and inconvenient school houses, with poor teaching' secured at cheap rates, will 
 assuredly yield a poor crop of scholars, while the opposite mode of management 
 that shall give to the scholars a good room, weU-ventUated, and the best of in- 
 struction, will send forth those who shall do honor to themselves and the schools 
 from whence they came, and repay an hundred fold to our country and the 
 world, all that has ever been expended in then- behalf. Children are sent to 
 school to be educated in the largest and most liberal sense of the tei-m, and the 
 very buildings and grounds have ai^art in that educating process." 
 
 In 1878, at the annual March meeting, the town appointed a commit- 
 tee to consider the advantages of a central school or schools and report 
 
 ' There is a growing sentiment among the thoughtful, that teaching should be 
 a profession ; that the teachers of our primary schools should have professional 
 training to fit them to enter upon the vocation of teaching, and when further qual- 
 ified by experience, they should be employed in preference to undisciplined, inex- 
 perienced persons, who have no other incentive to enter upon the vocation of 
 teaching than that of pecuniary profit; in a word, who undertake the work as a 
 temporary expedient for supporting themselves. 
 
 When the great importance of the teachers' mission is considered, it must be 
 apparent that it is necessary for the highest welfare of children that they shall be 
 placed under the tuition of those who are thoroughly imbued with a high sense 
 of their important duties and responsibilities. Teachers should possess qualifica- 
 tions other than those that fit them to teach children to read, write and cipher. 
 In the school-room the teacher fills the place of a parent, and under his examples, 
 precepts and guidance, the minds and hearts of his pupils are moulded and di- 
 rected for time and for eternity. " Knowledge," said Daniel Webster, " does 
 not comprise all which is contained in the large term of education. The feelings 
 are to be disciplined, the passions are to be restrained; true and worthy motives 
 are to be inspired; a profound religious feeling is to be instilled and pure moral- 
 ity inculcated under all circumstances. All this is comprised in education." 
 
 In a circular addressed by Mr. Guizot, minister of public instruction in France, 
 in 1832, to the teachers of the communes, he enters with paternal solicitude into 
 the most insignificant details of the relations of the teacher with children and 
 parents ; rebukes sectarian spirit ; stretches forth his hand with touching famili- 
 arity to the village school teacher, elevates him in the eyes of all, and especially 
 in his own eyes, and fills him with the importance of his mission. His words are 
 worthy of a place in this connection :— 
 
 " No sectarian or party spirit in your school ; the teacher must rise above the 
 fleeting quarrels which agitate society. Faith in Providence, the sanctity of duty, 
 submission to parental authority, respeci for the laws, the rights of all — such are 
 the sentiments he must seek to develope." 
 
282 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 some practical plan for establishing the same, and the estimated ex- 
 pense. Nothing was accomplished by the committee. In 1879, the 
 town voted to purchase and hold text-books. N. B. Safford and T. W. 
 Gilson were chosen text-book committee, and N. B. Hazen, text-book 
 agent, and the agent was directed to draw from the town treasury a sum 
 not to exceed $600 for the purchase of books. In 1880, the town author- 
 ized the text-book committee to draw f 100 annually from the treasui;y 
 for the purpose of supplying the requirements and keeping up the sys- 
 tem. In 1881 the town voted to subscribe for the Hemmen way Gazetteer 
 of Vermont. In 1882, the town appointed a committee consisting of 
 Revs. S. I. Briant, N. F. Carter, and R. Miller and N. B. Hazen, to con- 
 sider the practicability and desirability of adopting the town system of 
 schools. The committee reported favorably to the town system (March 
 1883), but it was voted 105 to 81 to indefinitely postpone the subject. 
 In 1884 the subject was passed over. In 1885, after a lengthy discus- 
 sion, the vote stood ayes 51, noes 219. In 1886, the subject was again 
 considered. No arguments were presented by the friends to the town 
 system, but much opposition was manifested, and the vote stood yeas 
 40, nays 181. 
 
 The Prudential Committees of the several school districts for the year 
 ending February 17th, 1886, was as follows : — 
 
 No. 1, C. O. Fogg; No. 2, Owen McCabe; No. 3, Dan'l L. Gushing; No. 4, 
 Trumbull Hunt; No. 5, Wm. H. Tucker, Jr.; No. 7, Geo. T. Hazen; No. 8, I. G. 
 Sprague; No. 9, Edward Gillett; No. 10, Geo. H. Fuller; No. 12, Frank Huntoon; 
 No. 13, Henry CarroU; Geo. W. Kenney; Alex. W. Davis; No. 14, Benjamin 
 Wood; No. 15, W. H. Seaver; No. 17, S. I. Briant; C. W. Pease; Mrs. E. 
 Morris. 
 
 The three following forms are those used by the selectmen and treas- 
 urer of the town in connection with the school fund. They exhibit the 
 amount of moneys received from all sources for school purposes; the 
 division of the same by the selectmen, and the distribution made of the 
 moneys to the several school districts of the town for the year 188V. 
 These tables are introduced here for the information of young men who 
 are liable to be chosen to fill town offices, and therefore should become 
 familiar with the system observed in this matter. These things, of a 
 practical nature, appertaining to the every-day affairs of life, should 
 be more generally understood. Every boy and girl should be educated 
 in a way that will make them good and useful citizens, and fit them to 
 fill those responsible positions in life to which they may rightfully 
 aspire, and honorably seek to attain, only when duly and truly prepared, 
 worthy, and well qualified. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 383 
 
 AMOUNT OF MONEY EBCEIVED FOR SCHOOL PUEPOSBS. 1877. 
 
 Occupants of Lands. 
 
 Received of Barron, A. T... 
 
 Beaudette, C 
 
 Acres. Value. 
 
 Rent. 
 
 S6 00 
 
 6 00 
 
 75 
 
 4 50 
 
 75 
 
 13 56 
 
 3 30 
 
 4 80 
 1 75 
 
 4 25 
 13 00 
 
 3 00 
 
 6 00 
 
 10 44 
 
 12 00 
 
 3 75 
 
 5 50 
 3 75 
 3 00 
 
 $108 00 
 
 99 39 
 
 2219 06 
 
 357 13 
 
 53 
 
 S3784 10 
 
 DIVISION OF SCHOOL MONEY BY THE SELECTMEN IN THE YEAR 1887. 
 
 Clarke, Z. B_ 
 
 Gilmore, Patrick __ 
 Hackett, Kimball. 
 
 Hatch, Charles 
 
 Hazen, Carlos 
 
 Hazen, Cyras 
 
 Hazen, Willis 
 
 Howard, Austin 
 
 Hunt, Ti-umbuU... 
 Loveland, Reuben. 
 McCabe, Barney.. . 
 Newton, George. . _ 
 
 Parker, J. C __ 
 
 Shattuck, Joseph.. 
 Shattuck, Paschal - 
 Shattuck, Willis... 
 Wood, George C... 
 
 43 
 50 
 13 
 60 
 13 
 60 
 16 
 34 
 16 
 40 
 60 
 50 
 18 
 51 
 39i 
 
 m 
 
 90 
 
 63i 
 
 30 
 
 ?300 00 
 400 00 
 300 00 
 800 00 
 300 00 
 700 00 
 400 00 
 300 00 
 150 00 
 400 00 
 
 1000 00 
 300 00 
 500 00 
 750 00 
 300 00 
 300 00 
 600 00 
 300 00 
 150 00 
 
 Total... 826* $8050 00 
 
 Received of State Treasurer proportion of income aiising from the 
 
 Huntington Fund _ _ 
 
 Selectmen's order for school fund 
 
 Interest on the surplus revenue __ 
 
 On hand from last year undivided _ 
 
 No. District. Part of District. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .8636 
 
 .9473 
 
 .2631 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .9454 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .5 
 
 1 
 
 .1903 
 
 Aggregate 
 Attendance. 
 
 495 
 
 3,787 
 
 11,807 
 
 1,652 
 
 3,315 
 
 1654 
 1,878 
 2,132 
 3,033 
 l,946i 
 3,307i 
 20,518 
 
 910 
 
 706 
 16,100 
 
 330 
 
 Am't of Money to Am't of Money to 
 part of District. Aggregate 
 
 Attendance. 
 
 S67 69 
 69 69 
 69 69 
 58 46 
 64 12 
 17 81 
 67 69 
 67 69 
 63 99 
 67 69 
 67 69 
 67 69 
 67 69 
 33 84 
 67 69 
 12 88 
 
 S 13 93 
 73 77 
 
 308 38 
 43 13 
 86 55 
 4 33 
 49 03 
 55 41 
 78 90 
 50-82 
 86 35 
 
 535 73 
 33 76 
 18 43 
 
 430 37 
 8 63 
 
 Am't of Public 
 
 Money given to 
 
 District. 
 
 S 80 61 
 140 46 
 375 .97 
 101 59 
 150 67 
 
 32 13 
 116 71 
 123 10 
 143 89 
 118 51 
 154 04 
 603 41 
 
 91 45 
 
 53 37 
 488 06 
 
 31 50 
 
 16 13.7097 71,061 |928 00 ,§1,855 37 |2,783 37 
 
 (Total amount of money for sc{iool purposes, |3,784 10. Fractional loss in divis- 
 ion, 73c.) 
 
 The above is a statement of the division of the school money as made by us 
 this 25th of March, A. D., 1887. 
 
 C. R. WHITMAN, ) 
 
 JOHN H. HAZEN, [ Selectmen. 
 
 JOHN BARROWS, ) 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOL MONEY IN 1887. 
 
 School money in account with H. C. Pease, Town Treasurer. 
 Eeeeived of H. C. Pease, Town Treasurer, the several sums affixed to 
 
284 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 our names, being the amount of school money divided and due to each 
 district and paid on selectmen's order in 1887. 
 
 Dist. To Wliom Paid. 
 
 No.l O. D. Tewksbury . . $80 61 
 
 3 0. R. Whitman _ _--. 140 46 
 
 3 C. R. Whitman 375 97 
 
 4 J. H. Hazeu 10159 
 
 5 J. H. Hazen 150 67 
 
 6 R. W. Wood. 32 13 
 
 7 N. B.Hazen 116 71 
 
 8 LeonardHazen 123 10 
 
 9 C.B.Stone 143 89 
 
 10 A. P. Howe.... 118 51 
 
 12 B. McCabe. 154 04 
 
 13 George W. Smith 603 41 
 
 14 B. P. Wood . 91 45 
 
 15 O.R.Whitman 53 37 
 
 17 AlleuL. Pease 488 06 
 
 18 Darius Russ 31 50 
 
 Total, 13,783 37 
 On hand for next year (73) seventy-three cents. 
 
 THE HUNTINOTON SCHOOL FUND. 
 
 In 1876, Arunah Huntington of Brantford, in the Province of Onta- 
 rio, and Dominion of Canada, by his last will and testament devised and 
 bequeathed to the State of Vermont, as a common school fund, an 
 estate valued at over two hundred thousand dollars. The donor of 
 this munificent gift, by his noble act, placed himself in the list of 
 great public benefactors, and, as the people of Hartford are now bene- 
 ficiaries under said will, I deem it eminently proper to place before the 
 readers of this history, a brief sketch of the life of Mr. Huntington, 
 together with the most salient provisions of said will ; that the memory 
 of his noble deed may be preserved through all time, and his name be 
 honored as that of one, whose actions were great because they were 
 the result of a gr'eat and grand design. 
 
 Arunah Huntington was born in Roxbury, Washing-ton Co., Vermont, Feb- 
 ruary 33d, 1794. His father died when he was a child and he lived with his 
 grandfather untU he was eleven years of age, when he went to live with his 
 uncle Downer (supposed to have lived in Sharon) working on a farm imtilhe was 
 sixteen years old. He afterwards worked at tanning leatherand shoe making, 
 teaching school m the winter months, until about the year 1828, when he had 
 saved five himdred doUars, and went to Brantford, Province of Ontario, Canada. 
 He there started a shoe making business, employing four or five journeymen,' 
 boarding them in his own house, and working diligently with them. It became 
 profitable, and he soon had money to invest outside his regular business, and he 
 purchased building lots in the then growing city of Brantford. His invest- 
 ments proved profitable, and in 1843 he was worth $30,000. 
 
 In 1861, he was worth about $80,000, and having gi-eat faith m the finan- 
 cial soundness of the United States, he purchased heavily of American secu- 
 rities, at that time much depressed, particularly in Canada, and in this manner 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 385 
 
 and by gi-eat economy all his life, he finally at his death had amassed a fortune 
 of over 1300,000. Mr. Huntington for five years before his death, which occui-red 
 January 10, 1877, was in delicate health, and the executor of his will, for some 
 years before his death, assisted him in his aflfairs. He once went to Europe, but 
 had not visited Vermont for many years, and the first that was known of his 
 desire to bequeath his property to his native State, was dui-ing the latter part of 
 the Legislature of 1876, when Governor Fairbanks received a letter from him in 
 relation to it. Later, Gov. Fairbanks sent his private secretary to Brantford to 
 confer with Mr. Huntington, but he did not arrive there until the day of Ms 
 funeral. Distant relatives contested the wiU for six years, but a final decree 
 was obtained giving the personal property and its accumulations to the State. 
 
 Clause 3d of the Will, relating to said bequest, is as follows:— " It is my wUl 
 that my said executor shall, as soon after my decease as may be found conven- 
 ient, sell and convert all my said estate into cash, and after paying my funeral 
 and testamentary expenses, and of proving and registering this my will, pay and 
 deliver the rest and residue thereof to the Government and Legislature of the 
 State of Vermont, one of the United States of America, to be disposed of by the 
 said Government and Legislature as they shall deem best, having regard to the 
 recommendations hereiaafter contained." The first recommendation relates to 
 the appointment of three trustees for the control and distribution of said fund. 
 
 Second. — That the capital of said fund be employed in the establishment of a 
 banking institution to be called the "Vermont District School Bank," or of an 
 institution for investing the said capital in mortgages or real estate. 
 
 Third. — That the profits to arise from the investment of said fund should be 
 added to the principal, until the accumulation should amount to a sum sufiflcient, 
 when distributed, to pay to each county in the State the sum of one hundred 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Fourth. — "That thereafter the profits arising annually from the investments 
 of the said capital, shall be divided by the said trustees, under regulations to be 
 framed by the Government and Legislature, equally among the several counties 
 composing the State, for the use and benefit of conmion or district schools." 
 
 At the biennial session of 1878, the Legislature passed the following 
 joint resolution, viz : — 
 
 " Whereas, Arunah Himtington, a native of Vermont, and late of Brantford, 
 Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, deceased, by his last will and testa- 
 ment, bequeathed to the State of his nativity, as a common school fund, an es- 
 tate valued at over 1200,000; and ' 
 
 Whereas, It is due to the memory of the deceased that the State should 
 through its legislature, place upon record an expression of its appreciation of his 
 generous bequest; therefore. 
 
 Resolved, That we accept the bequest of the said Arunah Huntington, with 
 grateful recognition of his affectionate regard for his native State, and his dona- 
 tion, and assume the duties of the trust with a determination to pei-form them 
 with fidelity and zeal." 
 
 November 25, 1882, the General Assembly authorized and empowered 
 the State treasurer to settle with the executor of the last will and testa- 
 ment of Mr. Huntington, and adjust and settle all claims and liens 
 against said fund, and to receive aU the property specified in the will. 
 
286 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 etc., etc. On the 25th of April, 1883, the executor of said estate, Eben- 
 ezer Eoy, delivered to State Treasurer DuBois the net proceeds of said 
 personal estate, which, after all claims and liens had been adjusted and 
 expenses of litigation paid, amounted to $205,111.22. 
 
 Nov. 25, 1884, the General Assembly passed an act relating to the 
 disposition of the Huntington fund. Section one, authorized the treas- 
 urer in his discretion, to convert into cash, from time to time, the secu- 
 rities of said fund,, and the proceeds might be used for the general pur- 
 poses of the State. 
 
 Section 2d, requires the treasurer to annually apportion the interest at six per 
 cent, on the amount converted to the use of the State, and the income arising 
 from unconverted portions of the fund, to the several towns and unoi-ganized 
 towns and gores in proportion to the number of inhabitants in each based on the 
 census of 1880. 
 
 Section 3d, directs that the money received by the towns shall be divided by 
 them to the schools of the towns for school purposes as other public moneys are 
 divided by law, " but no school or school district which has not maintained 
 twenty-four weeks of schooling in the preceding year, shall be entitled to receive 
 any share of this fund. 
 
 Section 5th, directs the treasurer to make the first division of income and in- 
 terest in the year 1886. The treasurer made the first division in March, 1886, and 
 the town of Hartford received the sum of |88.62. 
 
 A very good criterion by which an estimate may be formed of the 
 general intelligence of the people of any town is found in the character 
 of the books, newspapers and magazines they read, and in the number 
 of such publications taken by the inhabitants individually and col- 
 lectively. The present rules and regulations of the post oiRce depart- 
 ment preclude the possibility of learning the number of different news- 
 papers and magazines that are received and distributed at the five post 
 offices in the town at the present time. In 1810, however, I learned 
 that the number of copies of newspapers and magazines taken by regular 
 subscribers, at each of the four offices was as follows : — 
 
 West Hartford. — DaUies, none; Semi-Weekties, 2; Weeklies, 111; Quaiiierly 
 Magazines, 2; Free Papers, 107; Monthly Magazines, 1. Total, 223. 
 
 White River Village. — Dailies, 10; Semi-Weeklies, 29; Weeklies, 153; Quarterly 
 Magazines, none; Free Papers, 107; Monthly Magazines, 97. Total, 395. 
 
 White River Junction. — Dailies, 7; Semi- Weeklies, 1; Weeklies, 75; Quarterly 
 Magazines, none; Free Papers, 31; Monthly Magazines, 67. Total, 181. 
 
 Queohee. — Dailies, 15; Semi- Weeklies, 10; Weeklies, 96; Quarterly Magazines, 
 37; Free Papers, 97; Monthly Magazines, 12. Total, 267. 
 
 Free papars were those printed within the County of Windsor. Week- 
 ly papers were those printed out of the county, and like the daily and 
 semi-weekly papers, were mostly published in Boston and New York. 
 More than eight-tenths of all the newspapers subscribed for were repub- 
 lican in politics. There is a greater diversity of reading matter at 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 387 
 
 the present time tlian ever before, and the number of newspapers now 
 taken embraces New York papers, such as the Tribune, the Weekly 
 Mail and Express, both republican ; the N. Y. World and Herald, 
 democratic ; the Pilot, catholic ; the Boston dailies, including the 
 Journal, Advertiser, Record, Traveler, Commercial Bulletin, all republi- 
 can ; the Post, Globe and Herald, democratic. These are supplemented 
 by our own Vermont dailies, the Rutland Herald, Burlington Free 
 -Press and St. Albans Messenger, all Republican. Prominent among 
 the weekly papers taken are the Vermont Journal (Windsor) ; The 
 Granite State Free -Press (Lebanon, N. H.); Vermont Watchman 
 (Montpelier) ; Woodstock Standard; JBrattleboro Reformer; Manches- 
 ter (N. H.) Union, and the Argus and -Patriot (Montpelier). 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 POLITICS AND POLITICAL PARTIES. 
 
 The grantees of Hartford, in common with those of all the townships 
 in Vermont, east of the Green Mountains, were for the most part citizens 
 of Connecticut, and, with a few exceptions, the early settlers came from 
 the same State ; therefore, for many years, the Connecticut element in 
 the population greatly predominated. In a paper read before the Con- 
 necticut Valley Historical Society, by John L. Rice, Esq., of Springfield, 
 Mass., in 1879, the speaker said :— 
 
 " Under their liberal charters the settlers speedily developed a system of town 
 government surpassing in its spirit of independence and unbridled democracy, 
 even that of its prototype, the Massachusetts and Comiecticut town. Their re- 
 moteness from the seat of Provincial Government at Portsmouth, the sparseness 
 of the population and the consequent danger from the Indians, naturally led to 
 this result among a people already, by previous training, deeply imbued with the 
 idea of local self-government. The strength of the religious sentiment, and the 
 almost universal prevalence of Congi-egationalism as a form of belief and of 
 church polity, greatly intensified this spirit and lent a powerful impulse to all 
 its manifestations. * * « The unity of religious and poUtioal sentiment among 
 them had also been remarked. * * * AH the settlers had brought with them the 
 idea that the popular branch of the legislature should be supreme in a constitu- 
 tional government, a habit of thought which had grown from that of Enghshmen 
 looking to the Commons as their peculiar guardian against the tyranny of the 
 Crown. In Massaclrusetts, the long conflict between the Assembly and the Ex- 
 ecutive had resulted in a deep-rooted prejudice against both the Executive and 
 the Judiciary, and the people of that colony, at the time of emigration to the 
 grants, had imbibed the belief that a state of perfect security and happiness 
 would be theirs if they could be permitted to elect annually aU the ofiicers of 
 government. The influence of John Adams, and the other political scientists of 
 his day, which gradually overcame that belief, arrived too late to affect the 
 radicals who went to the grants. They were still intoxicated with the idea that 
 the right of suffrage, and the town system, pure and simple, were the panacea 
 for all political ills and the sole security of hberty and happiness. The people of 
 Connecticut had by their charter the right of suffrage and the privilege of elect- 
 ing annually all their oiHoers. Under this system and the pecuUar blending of 
 church and State which obtained in that colony, they had enjoyed a great degree 
 of happiness and security, especially as the great majority of them were of one 
 religious faith and practice." 
 
 The vote in Hartford for governor prior to 1803, is not obtainable on 
 account of the loss of the town records from 1779 to 1802 inclusive. It 
 is evident, however, that the majority vote was given to the Republican 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 389 
 
 or Anti-Federal candidate, for the reason that the Connecticut element 
 in the population predominated, and as before stated that element 
 w as inimical to the system of centralization, and regarded the federal 
 c ompact aa leaning too much toward a monarchy ; indeed, they bestowed 
 upon the Federalists the title of " British partisans,^' while they, in 
 turn, were derided by the Federalists as the " French party," for the 
 reason that the French nation, after throwing off the yoke of royalty, 
 had proclaimed a republic " one and indivisible," or one federal govern- 
 ment similar to that of the United States. 
 
 GUBERNATOEIAL VOTE OP HARTFOKD. 
 
 The vote of Hartford for governor of Vermont from 1803 to 1886 
 
 inclusive is recorded as follows : — 
 
 1803, Isaac Tichenor, 58; Jonathan Robinson, 93; Paul Brigham, 133. 
 
 1807, Israel Smith, 83; Isaac Tichenor, 74; scattering, 3. 
 
 1809, Jonas Galusha, 144; Isaac Tichenor, 114; scattering, 7. 
 
 1813, Martin Chittenden, 151; Jonas Galusha, 155; scattering, 3. 
 
 1830, Richard Skinner, 96; (no other candidate balloted for). 
 
 1833, C. P. Vati Ness, 41; Dudley Chase, 19; scattering, 1. 
 
 1826, Ezra Butler, 31; "W. Hall, 2; scattering 5. 
 
 1828, Samuel C. Craft, 77; (only candidate balloted for). 
 
 [Note. — At freeman's meeting in 1813, forty -seven men took the freeman's 
 oath and voted. Among the number were Thomas Gross, son of the first settled 
 minister in Hartford, Rev. Eden Bm-roughs, pastor of the Presbyterian church 
 in Hartford and one of the trustees of Dartmouth College; Daniel O. Gillett, 
 Wm. Savage, and Samuel Gage. In 1817, twenty-seven men took the freeman's 
 oath and voted. Among the number were Daniel, Elijah and Thomas J. Hazen, 
 Charles Pinneo, Benjamin Porter and Harper Tenney. The voting hst on that 
 day included the names of thirteen naen by the name of Hazen. In 1886 the tax 
 hst of the town included thirty persons named Hazen, twenty-five of wliom 
 were voters.] 
 
 1830, Samuel C. Crafts, 156; W. A. Palmer, 34; Ezra Meach, 34. 
 
 1831, W. A. Palmer, 47; S. C. Crafts, 150; Ezra Meach, 35. 
 
 1835, Silas H. Jennison, Lt. Governor, acting chief magistrate. 
 
 1836, Silas H. Jennison, 196; W. C. Bradley, 75. 
 
 1841, Charles Paine, 111; Nathan Smiley, 98; Titus Hutchinson, 15. 
 
 1843, John Mattocks, 305; Daniel Kellogg, 138. 
 
 1844, WUUam Slade, 359; Daniel Kellogg, 90. 
 
 1846, Horace Eaton, 188; John Smith, 70; L. Brainerd, 20. 
 
 1848, Carlos CooUdge, 313; Paul Dillmgham, 98; O. L. Shatter, 77. 
 
 1850, Charles K. WiUiams, 332; L. B. Peck, 131. 
 
 1853, Erastus Fairbanks, 184; Jno S. Robinson, 63; L. Brainerd, 53. 
 
 1853, Jno S. Robinson, 143, Erastus Fairbanks, 183; L. Brainerd, 33. 
 
 1854, Stephen Royce, 334; Merritt Clarke, 137; W. R. Shaffer, 19. 
 1856, Ryland Fletcher, 280; Hem-y Keyes, 77; Fred Holbrook, 1. 
 1858, Hiland Hall, 194; Henry Keyes, 65. 
 
 1860, Erastus Fairbanks, 373; Jno G. Saxe, 101; Rob't Harvey, 6. 
 
 1861, Frederick Holbrook, 135; Andrew Tracy, 47; B. H. Smalley, 10. 
 1863, J. G. Smith, 336; T. P. Redfleld. 47:' Andrew Tracy, 1. 
 
 1865, Paul Dillingham, 158; C. N. Davenport, 33. 
 1867, John B. Page, 184; J. L. Edwards, 30. 
 
 1869, Peter T. Washburn, 188; Homer W. Heaton, 38. 
 
 1870, George W. Hendee, Lieut. -Governor, acting in place Gov. Washburn, 
 
 1870, Jno W. SteWart, 136; H. W. Heaton, 34. 
 
 19 
 
290 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 1872, Julius Converse, 377; A. B. Gardner, 91. 
 
 1874, Asahel Peck, 229; W. H. H. Bingham, 74. 
 
 1876, Horace Faii-banks, 303; W. H. H. Bingham, 127. 
 
 1878, Redfleld Proctor, 238; W. H. H. Bingham, 91; 0. C. Martin, Gr. B., 3. 
 
 1880, RosweU Farnham, 407; E. J. Phelps, 171; M. O. Heath, 4. 
 
 1882, John L. Barstow, 265; G. E. Eaton, 71. 
 
 1884, Samuel E. Pingi-ee, 327; L. W. Redington, 119; W. E. Pingree, 1. 
 
 1886, Ebenezer J. Ormsbee, 277; S. C. ShurtleflE, 114; H. M. Seely, 7. 
 
 1888, W. P. Dillingham, 449; S. C. ShurtleflE, 165; H. M. Seely, 1. 
 
 It is with feelings of pleasure and pride that I am able to record the 
 fact that a great majority of the inhabitants of Hartford have, generally 
 speating, been distinguished for an intelligent understanding and -wise 
 treatment of all the important political questions or issues that have 
 from time to time engaged their attention, whether of a local, or a more 
 extended interest. In all measures that have conserved to the honor, 
 the <lignity, the prosperity and the perpetuity of the national govern- 
 meuf, they have patriotically acted with devotion to the Union, and ii; 
 obedience to the Constitution. Prior to the Eevolution they were loyal 
 to the British government, until reason forbade a longer allegiance. 
 During the New York and New Hampshire controversies,* they were not 
 however at first favorable to the independence of Vermont, and her ad- 
 mission to the Confederation. During the Eevolution they gave both 
 moral and physical support to the cause of American independence. (It 
 is not known that there was a tory in the town during the eventful 
 period of the Revolution.) They were late in understanding the value 
 of the Federal Union, but were among the foremost in defending and 
 maintaining it when its existence was threatened in 1820. They then, 
 for the first time, became almost a unit in their recognition of the wis- 
 dom and prudence of Washington and Hamilton, and plainly saw that 
 the Constitution of 1787 contained the requisite remedies for those po- 
 litical disorders which had threatened the destruction of all public and 
 private credit, upon which depended the perpetuation of the American 
 Union. During the thirty years' existence of the whig party — 1825-55 
 — the comparative vote of the whigs and democrats in Hartford was as 
 three to one. In 1830, when three gubernatorial candidates were started, 
 viz: Crafts, national Eepublican, and Masonic — Palmer, national Repub- 
 lican and anti- Masonic, and Meach, the Democratic candidate, the vote 
 stood as follows: Crafts, 156; Palmer, 24; Meach, 24; the combined 
 republican vote having a majority equal to the vote cast for Crafts. 
 (There was no election by the people, but after thirty-two ballotings in 
 the General Assembly, Crafts was chosen.) In 1833, the tables were 
 turned in favor of Palmer. He had a majority of five in Hartford, and 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 291 
 
 after nine trials in the General Assembly, was chosen by a majority of 
 one vote.' 
 
 In 1859, a lively contest took place over the election of town repre- 
 sentative. The first ballot developed the fact that there were fifteen 
 candidates in the field, viz : Eepublicans, Daniel O. Gillett, N. B. Saf- 
 ford, Ai G. Dewey, J. C. Brooks, Benjamin Porter, Thaddeus Dutton, 
 Allen Hazen, Truman H. Savage, L. Pease and Edward Kneeland; dem- 
 ocrats, Selah Smith, Wni. S. Carter, J. K. Edgerton, A. B. Russ and 
 John Beard. On the sixth ballot the number was reduced to three, viz: 
 Messrs. Safford, Carter and Gillett, who were the only candidates from 
 the sixth to the sixteenth ballot. After the eleventh ballot the meeting 
 was adjourned until the following day, when voting was resumed, and 
 four additional ballots were taken without effecting a choice. The re- 
 publicans then decided to unite on a new man, and Edward P. Sprague 
 was put in nomination in opposition to Wm. S. Carter, a conservative 
 democrat, than whom no man in Hartford was more highly respected 
 and beloved. The result was a foregone conclusion. On the seventeenth 
 ballot Mr. Sprague was elected by a vote of 166 to 157. It was per- 
 fectly obvious that Mr. Carter, though defeated, had received at the 
 hands of several republicans a flattering expression of their high regard 
 for him as a gentleman and a worthy citizen. 
 
 The number of polls registered in Hartford is 844. The number of 
 legal voters exceeds the polls to the number of twenty, probably. It is, 
 therefore, evident that the stay-at-home element, on election days, com- 
 prises, on an average, three-fifths of the voting population. In other 
 words, this number of voters reprehensively shirk the duty and respon- 
 "sibility incumbent on all citizens who have the right and privilege of the 
 franchise. What a spirit of indignation would be excited in the breasts 
 of the stay-at-home class of voters, provided they were denied the right 
 of suffrage, for reasons as trivial as the excuses they plead for their 
 dereliction or evasion of duty ! The citizens of Hartford, in general, 
 favor the system of holding caucuses for the choice of delegates to rep- 
 resent them in both State and county conventions ; yet, as a rule, there 
 is a surprising paucity of voters in attendance at all caucuses held in 
 this town. 
 
 Our fathers fought, bled and died, to secure the right of representa- 
 tion with taxation. With an intelligent understanding of all matters of 
 public interest and importance gained by direct participation, and an 
 
 ' In 1832, no choice of governor was made by the people. Palmer was re-elected 
 in the Assembly at the forty-third trial. Many Masonic lodges were about this 
 time disbanded, particularly the Grand Lodge of Vermont. In the presidential 
 canvass of 1832, Vermont had her Anti-Masonic candidate, and gave her vote for 
 Win. Wirt — standing before the Union alone and single-handed. — Beckley. 
 
392 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 equal voice in discussing measures of public polity, they fully compre- 
 hended their duty and their responsibility, and patriotically met both, 
 even at a sacrifice of fortune and life. A neglect to attend public meet- 
 ings held for discussing measures of importance relating to the public 
 weal, and a neglect to attend town and freeman's meeting, and therein 
 exercising the right of suffrage, is as reprehensible, in principle, as is 
 desertion from the ranks in time of battle. The arbitrary and illegal 
 methods pursued in the Southern States to deprive colored voters of 
 the right of franchise, by intimidation and actual violence, is censured 
 and denounced in unmeasured terms by all liberty-loving people, the 
 world over. But, if the colored people of the South were free to exer- 
 cise the right of suffrage, and voluntarily failed to do so to the same 
 extent as do the voters of Hartford, should we not charge them with 
 insensibility to one of the dearest blessings attendant upon their eman- 
 cipation from slavery, and reasonably feel that, so far as their personal 
 condition is involved, they might as well have remained in slavery ; un- 
 privileged to participate in legislation, and subject to the will of a few 
 masters, as to be invested with the rights of citizenship, and, failing to 
 exercise the privileges, and performing the duties thereof, leave the 
 legislation affecting their dearest interests, and the honors and emolu- 
 ments of offices that should be conferred on and enjoyed by capable 
 and worthy citizens, to the iands of a few unscrupulous, political hacks 
 and office-seekers ? 
 
 U. S. STATE, COUNTY AND TOWN OFFICERS. 
 
 Citizens of Hartford ivlio have held Ciinl Offices in the Qovernvient of the 
 
 United States. 
 
 Members of Congress — Rrepresentatives, George E. Wales, 1835-1829; William 
 Strong, 1810-15 and 1819-21; Andrew Ti-acy, 1854. 
 
 Citizens of Hartford who have held Civil Offices in the Government of the State. 
 
 Governor — Samuel E. Pingree, 1885-86. 
 
 Lieutenant Governors— Joseph Marsh, 1778-79, 1788-89; David M. Camp, 
 1836-41; Samuel E. Pingi-ee, 1883-84. 
 
 Secretary of State— Charles W. Porter, 1885-86-87-88-89-90. 
 
 Speakers of the General Assembly — George E. Wales, session 1833-34; Andrew 
 Tracy, 1842-43^:4^45. 
 
 Preachers of Election Sermons before the General Assemby — Rev. Thomas 
 Gross, at Woodstock, Octobers, 1807; Rev. Daniel Mai-sh, at Montpelier, October 
 14, 1813. 
 
 Members of the Council of Censors. 
 
 Joseph Marsh, 1785; Rev. Thomas Gross, 1806; Elijah Strong, 1813; William 
 Strong, 1834. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 293 
 
 Members of Constitutional Conventions. 
 John Clark, 1793; Frederic Mather, 1814; Geo. E. Wales, 1833; Wylys Lyman, 
 1838; Andrew Tacy, 1836 and 1843; John L. Lovermg, 1850; Rev. B. F. Ray, 
 1870. 
 
 State Senators. 
 
 Andrew Tracy, 1839; John Porter, 1843-43; Daniel Needham, 1861; Albert G. 
 Dewey, 1869-70-71; J. C. Parker, 1874^75; Daniel L. Gushing, 1886-87. 
 
 Judges of the Supreme Court. 
 Joseph Marsh, (Chief Judge), 1787-1795; WilUam Sti-ong, 1817. 
 
 Judges of the Probate Court. 
 James Udall, 1839-40; George E. Wales, 1843-47; John Porter, 1850-1886. 
 
 County Representatives to General Assembly. 
 Joseph Marsh and Joshua Hazen, 1st session, at Bennington, Jan'y 31st to Feb. 
 28th, 1782; 3d session, at Windsor, June 13th to June 21st, 1782; 3d session, at 
 Manchester, Oct. 10th to Oct. 34th, 1783; Joshua Hazen and Stephen TUden, 1st 
 session, Bennington, Feb. 19th to March 9th, 1784; 3d session, at Rutland, Oct 14th 
 to 39th, 1784. 
 
 State's Attorneys. 
 
 Wylys Lyman, 1837-31; Samuel E. Pingi-ee, 1867-69. 
 Sherifif— William Strong, 1803 to 1810. 
 
 State Railway Commission. 
 Samuel E. Pingi-ee, Chairman, 1886-87-1888-89. 
 
 TOWN OFFICERS, 1761-1887. 
 
 The town was organized, August 26th, 1761, at the first meeting of 
 the proprietors. A clerk, treasurer, three selectmen and three collec- 
 tors of taxes were then elected. Of the officers elected at and since the 
 organization of the town, none will be herein named excepting clerks, 
 treasurers, selectmen, overseers of the poor, superintendents of schools 
 and representatives to the General Assembly. 
 
 Town Clerks. 
 Prince Tracy, Aug. 36th, 1761, to Moh. 12th, 1765; Benajah Strong, Mch. 13th, 
 1765, to Mch. 8th, 1768; Elijali Strong, 1768; John Sti-ong, 1769, '70, '71, '72; Amos 
 Robinson, 1773 to 1780;' Asa Hazen, 1781 to 1796; James Tracy, 1797 to 1803; 
 Freegi'ace Leavitt, 1802 to 1836; George Udall, 1837, '38, '39; George E. Wales, 
 Mch. 1840 to January 14th, 1860; Justin C. Brooks, 1860-'63; Samuel E. Pingi-ee 
 1861; George Tenney, 1863-'64 Samuel E. Pingree, 1865 to 1889. 
 
 Town Treasurers. 
 Prince Ti-acy, Aug. 36th, 1761, to May 16th, 1775; Amos Robinson, 1775 to 
 1780; Asa Hazen, 1781 to 1795; James Tracy, 1796 to 1838; John Grout, 1829 to 
 1838; Justin C. Brooks, 1839 to 1874; Horace C. Pease, 1875 to March 5, 1889, at 
 which time John L. Bacon was elected treasurer. 
 
 ' The loss of the town records irom 1778 to 1802, renders it uncertain who were 
 the incumbents of this office during that period, but inasmuch as the town clerks 
 officiated as the proprietor's clerks and vice versa, for many years, it is probable 
 that the list given is correct. 
 
294 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Select Men. 
 
 Prince Tracy, 1761, '63, '63, '64; William Clark, 1761, '63; John Baldwin, 1761; 
 Samuel Williams, 1763; James Flint, 1762; Samuel Terry, 1763; EHjah Strong, 
 1764, '65, 1770; Solomon Strong, 1765, '66, '67, '68; Benjamin Wright, 1765, '66, 
 '67; Christopher Pease, 1768, '69, '70; John Marsh, 1768, '69, '70; Israel GUlett, 
 1769, '71, '90; Abel Marsh, 1771; LioneU Udall, 1771, '72; Daniel Pinneo, EUjah 
 Marsh, 1773;' Thomas Tracy, 1778; Elkanah Sprague, 1778, '80, '82, '83, '87; 
 Benjamin Wright, 1778; Joshua Hazen, 1780, '81, 1801; Joseph Marsh, 1781; Ste- 
 phen Tilden, 1780, '81; Amos Robinson, 1783 '88, 1801; David Wright, 1782, '83, 
 '96, 1801; unknown, 1784, '85, '86; John Marsh, 1787; unknown, 1788, '89; E. 
 Carpenter, 1790; Hezekiah Hazen, 1791, '92, '93; Peter Rider, 1791, '92, '93; Sam- 
 uel Udall, 1791, '92, '93; John'GiUett, 1794; Paul Pitkin, 1794; Jedediah Strong, 
 1794, '95, '96, '97; John Clark, 1797; Oliver UdaU, 1797, '98, '99; Benjamin Russ, 
 1799, 1806; Daniel Hazen, 1798, '99, 1800; Ehsha Marsh, 1798, 1800; Joshua 
 Hazen, 1801; Amos Robinson, David Wright, 1801; Erastus Chapman, 1802, '83; 
 William Strong, 1802, '86; MitcheU Clark, 1802; Daniel Marsh, James Tracy, 1803, 
 '4, '5; Paul Pitkin; 1804, '5; Charles Pinneo, 1804, '5, '27, '28; Benjamm Russ, 
 1806; Freegrace Leavitt, 1806, '7, '8, '9, '20, '21, '32, '33; EHjah Mason, 1807, '8, '9, 
 '10, '11; Philemon Hazen, 1806, '7, '8, '9; Luther Bartholomew, 1810, '11; Elam 
 Brooks, 1810, '11, '12, '13, '14, '15, '16; David TrumbuU, Nathaniel Thomas, 1812; 
 Daniel Marsh, 1813, '14, '15, '16; Hezekiah Hazen, 1813; Daniel Spooner, 1814, 
 '15; Reuben Tenney, 1816; James Udall, 1817, '18, '19, '20, '34, '35, '36; Wm. 
 Knowlton, 1817, '18; Daniel Newton, 1817, '18, '19; Zerah Brooks, 1819 to 1836 
 inclusive; Adino Udall, 1821; George E. Wales, 1832, '23, '24; ShubelRuss, 1822, 
 '23, '34; '37, '28, '39, '30, '41, '42, '47; Abel Barron, John Downer, 1825; Wylys 
 Lyman, 1836, '37, '38, '39, '30; Allen Hazen, 1839, '30, '31, '33, '33; Nathaniel 
 Thomas, 1831, '3, '3; Ira Tenney, 1831; John Porter, 1834, '5, '6, '7, '8, '9, '40, '3, 
 '4; John Strong,1834, '5, '6, '7, .43, '4; Ben Porter, 1837, '8, '9, '40, '1, '3, '5, '6, '7, 
 '8, '9, '53, '4, '6; Jonathan Bugbee, 1838, '9, '40, '41; Aaron Willard, 1843, '7; Lu- 
 cius Haaen, 1844, '5, '6, '50, '1, '3; Theophilus Cushing,^1845, '6; John L. Lov- 
 ering, 1848, '9, '50, '1, '3, '3, '4; L. B. Dudley, 1848, '9; Nathan GiUett, 1850, '1, 
 '2; Norman Tilden, 1853, '4; Charles Tinkham, 1855, '6, '7; W. W. Low, 1855; 
 Carlos Hamilton, 1855, '6; O. F. BaiTon, 1857; Thaddeus Dutton, 1857 to 
 1869, 13 years; A. G. Dewey, 1858 to 1865, 8 years; Daniel O. GiUett, 1859 to 
 1865, 7 yeaa-s; Ora Wood, 1866, '7; W. S. Carter, 1868, '9, '70; Nelson G. Hazen, 
 1866; Daniel Cushing, William G. Chandler, 1867; 0. B. Stone, 1868, '9, '70, '71, 
 '73; A. P. Howe, 1870, '1, '3, '3; C. R. Whitman, 1871, '3, '3, '4, '6, '7, '8, '9, 
 '80, '1, '3, '3, '4, '5, '6, '7; Darius Russ, 1873; Silas H. Hazen, 1874, '5, '6; Z. B. 
 Clark, 1874, '5; W. Clark, 1875, '6; H. H. Hanchett, 1876, '7, '8, '9; Levi Hazen, 
 1877,, '8, '9, '80, '1; E. H. Bagley, 1880, '1, '3; John H. Hazen, 1883, '3, '4, '5, '6, 
 '7; Geo. W. Smith' 1883; John Barrows, 1885, '6, '7; E. H. Bagley, Harvey 
 Thomas, Jr., G. H. Javage, 1888. Jolm Barrows, Frank L. Hewitt, Arthur H. 
 Hazen, 1889. 
 
 Toivn Representatives. 
 
 Stephen Tilden, 1778, '83, '84; Amos Robinson, 1779; Elkanah Sprague, 1780, 
 '81; Joshua Hazen, 1783, '5, '6, '7, '8, '90, '1, '3; Ehsha Marsh, 1789, '93; John 
 
 ' There is no record of the election of selectmen for the years 1773 to 1777. The 
 town seems to have been controlled by those in the interest of the New York 
 authorities. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 295 
 
 Clai-k, 1794, '5, '6, '7; William Strong, 1798, '9; 1801, '3, '14, '15, '16, '17, '18; Ben- 
 jamin Russ, 1800; William Perry, 1808, '4; Sherman Dewey, 1805, '6, '7, '8, '9; 
 Elijah Mason, 1810; Nathan Gere, 1811, '13; Abel BaiTon, 1813; James Udall, 
 1819, "30; George E. Wales, 1831, '3, '3, '4; WyUys Lyman, 1835 to '33; Andrew 
 Tracy, 1833 to '37; John Porter, 1838, '39, '40, '1, '4, '7, '8; Shubel Russ, 1842, '3; 
 Allen Hazen, 1845, '6, '9; A. G. Dewey, 1850, '1, '63, '64; George Lyman, 1852, '3; 
 Lucius Hazen, 1854; Daniel Smith, 1855, '6; Daniel Needham, 1867, '8; Edward 
 Sprague, ' 1859, '60; Benjamin Porter, 1861, "3; Wm. G. Chandler 1865, '6; J. C. 
 Parker, 1867, '8; Noah B. Safford, 1869, '70, '71; Stephen M. Pingree, 1873, '73 
 E. C. Watson, 1874, '5; WiUiam Lindsay, 1876, 'T; Noah B. Hazen, 1878, '9 
 Dr. S. J. Allen 1880, '1; Daniel L. Gushing, 1883, '3; Allen L. Pease, 1884, '5 
 Wm. S. Dewey, 1886, '7; Chas. B. Stone,;i888-9. 
 
 Overseers of the Poor. 
 
 The selectmen of the town prior to 1817 : Zebulon Delano, 1817, '18, '19, 'SO, 
 '23, '33, '34, '25, '26, '37, '28, '29, '31, '33, '34; Selectmen 1831,-1835, to 1854 inclu- 
 sive, '56, '57, 1874, '5, '6, '7, '8; Hyde Clarke, 1830; Ben Porter, 1855, '58, '59 '60, 
 '61; Tliaddeus Dutton, 1861 to '71, inclusive; Wm. Clai-k, 1872, '3; Henry Safford 
 1879 to 1889. 
 
 selectmen's book. 
 
 A book for the special use of the selectmen of the town, and 
 termed a " Journal for the Town," was purchased by the selectmen in 
 1799, at a cost of $2.33. This book was used as a vade mecum and con- 
 tains a registration of selectmen's accounts with the town, auditors' 
 reports, orders given and paid to sundry parties, grand lists for 1798-99, 
 1800-01, a record of moneys received from rent of school lands, orders 
 for equipments and supplies furnished the militia during the war 18] 2- 
 1814 ; rate bills for taxes, division of school moneys, etc., terminating 
 with the auditors' report for the fiscal year ending Feb. 14, 1879. 
 
 The first entry made in this journal is as follows : — 
 
 " AprU 3, 1799. 
 
 We the subscribers this day met and according to the most accurate stating 
 which we can make the situation of the Town is as follows, viz: — The sum of 
 the Bills against the Collectors, viz: Luther Powell, Paul Pitkin, and Wm. 
 Bramble, is _ §405.68 
 
 The Orders now existing against sd Town 363.68 
 
 Balance $42.00 
 
 BENJAMIN RUSS ) 
 DANIEL MARSH j Auditors for the 
 Tovm." 
 
 Then follows an account of demands in favor of the town for the use 
 of supporting schools, which is continued to and concluded on page 7. 
 
 On pages 2 and 3 is recorded the general list for the year 1798, 
 embracing 227 individuals, with a total Hsfc of $24,447.10, including 
 special assessments on mills, etc., of $440 against sundry persons. 
 
 ' Spracjue was elected as a compromise candidate on the i6th ballot, against W. 
 S. Carter, Democrat. 
 
396 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 On page 4, of said journal, is a record of orders given previous t.o 
 1799, including three to Doctor Jonathan Fuller, for doctoring the poor 
 of the town, and one to Benj. Pixley, date April 30, 1799, in full for keep- 
 ing Urena Dunkin, a Black Girl, and her child, Sam, $23.29. 
 
 Oa page 5 of the journal, are the following entries : — 
 
 " 1799, October — A tax of half a cent on the dollar raised by the Town. 
 Put into the hands of Freegrace Leavitt, Town Collector rate biU sum 82.19 
 
 Billa Gillett, Town Collector bill sum 51.08 
 
 Total S133.27 
 " 1800 Orders given by the Select Men on the Ti-easurer: 
 
 'to Mitchel Clark 6 doUars dated April 8— 6 
 
 to freegi-ace Levit, 1 Dollar 13 cents. " 1.12 
 
 to Elishar Marsh for Servis Doen for the town 
 
 as Seltmau in 1798. Dated AprU 13, 1800,— _ 6 
 
 to Marthew Ransom for Gide Bords April 13, 1800, 6. 69 
 
 to Joseph marsh jr, for Keeping the Black Gal 
 
 one year dated April 29, 1800 39.00 
 
 to Daniel hayson (Hazen) of three doUars for 
 
 Services Don for the town as ft Selet man for year 1799. . 3. 
 
 do Abel Barren Date December 16, 1800 _ _ _ 6. 
 
 do 3 to Ashbil Smith dififerant times 1800 25. 50 
 
 893.31 
 Pages 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the journal contain general lists of the town 
 for 1799 and 1800, the last copied in full into this work under the sub- 
 ject of taxes. 
 
 A record of the auditors' report for the year ending March 26th, 1804, 
 is here quoted verbatim : 
 
 " Be it remembered that on this 26th Day of March 1804, we the subscribers 
 Auditors apointed by the Town of Hartford to Audit & adjust the accounts of 
 Treasurer & examine into the accounts, Orders, &c Drew on said Treasurer by 
 the said Selectmen, after every enquiry that we found the Town on his Receipts 
 which he sd Treasurer has reed of the Several Collectors after every Order drew 
 byjsd Selectmen being exhibeted & Ballanced, tlieir then appeared due from said 
 Treasurer to said Town sixty Dollars and Fifty Two cents, money expended on 
 the Bridge over Quechy river is the amount of one Hundred & Eighty eight Dol- 
 lars & Twenty cents, the money Mkewise for other Town matters is Two Hundred 
 & ten DoUars & Fifty five cents. The Collecters Bills, viz: 
 
 Daniel Ransom bills amounted to $ 157. 
 
 Israel GiUett junr bills " 73.32 
 
 159.33 
 
 one Ballance Due from the Treasurer dated 7. 
 
 April 1801. 113.54. do 15 Mch 1803 on settlement 55.58. 69.13 
 
 459.37 
 Treasurer's orders being substracted 398.75 
 
 leave as above stated Sixty Dollars & 53 cents 160.53 
 
 now due tlie said Town as above stated. 
 
 Attest pr us JED'H STRONG ) 
 
 HEZ HAZEN [ Auditors 
 
 BENJAMIN RUSS ) 
 The 2 Bills of Daniel Ransom on examining find that th ey amount to Ninety 
 ,eight cents over what is stated above. 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 TAXES. 
 
 Generally speaking, the first constable has been the collector of taxes. 
 It is his duty by virtue of statute law. For several years, however, in 
 the history of the town, the office of collector has been a separate one 
 from that of constable, and even two or more collectors have been elected. 
 Prior to 1818, two constables were elected ; in 1818 only one was 
 elected ; from 1820 to 1830, two ; excepting the year 1826, when only 
 one was elected ; 1834-5, two ; from 1836 to 1851, but one ; 1851, one ; 
 from 1852 to 1887, only one each year. 
 
 This town has quite often put up the collection of taxes at auction, 
 the lowest bidder being elected constable and collector. In March, 
 
 1825, Reuben Tenney offered to give the town a premium of $15 to se- 
 cure the office of collector and constable ; O. H. Nichols offered $22 in 
 
 1826, and $40 in 1832, and both were elected. In March, 1860, Alfred 
 Neal was chosen constable on condition that he should collect all taxes 
 for $50 pay. In 1862, William L. Bragg, constable, collected all taxes 
 for $96 pay. In 1863, the constable collected for $80 pay ; In 1864, 
 for $45; in 1865, Wm. L. Bragg collected for $99.50 pay. In 1867-8-9, 
 collector received $145.00 yearly. 
 
 In 1870, the collector received two per cent, the lawful commission. 
 In 1871, C. R. Whitman was paid $110, and in 1872, $120. In 1873, H. 
 N. Savage received $125. In 1874-5, C. R. Whitman received $125 
 yearly. H. N. Savage was paid in 1876-7-8-9, $125 annually. In 1880- 
 81, $200 annually. In 1882, R. H. Simonds was paid legal commission. 
 In 1883, J. G. Lesure was elected constable and collector, but failing to 
 qualify, H. N. Savage was elected at a special meeting, and received $250 
 for collecting all taxes. In 1884, at March meeting, it was voted that 
 all taxes be collected by the treasurer. The constable received in 1885, 
 for collecting arrearages of taxes, $10 for the first $100 ; eight per cent, 
 for the second $100 ; six per cent, for the third $100 ; four per cent, 
 for the fourth $100 ; and the statute rates for all over $400. 
 
 The average per cent, of tax annually raised in town from 1803 to '85, 
 is shown in the following resume made up from the records of the town 
 [the highway tax from 1827 to 1872 being additional to that required 
 by the statutes.] From 1803 to 1812, the average ordinary tax was 0.6 
 on the list; 1813-26, ordinary, 2 cents; 1827-42, ordinary, 6.9, high- 
 
398 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 way, 3.4 ; 1843-53, ordinary, 21.2, highway, 6.1; 1854-63, ordinary, 36.5, 
 highway, 7.0 ; 1864-68, ordinary, 1.51, (no highway) ; 1869-75, ordinary, 
 70, highway, 18.7 ; 1876-85, ordinary, 35.3, highway, 20. In 1885, 6, 7, 
 the highway tax was included in the 75 cents raised for debts and cur- 
 rent expenses; 1888, total, 50 ; 1889, total 85 cents.' 
 
 An extra tax of eight cents on the grand list was raised in 1828 to pay 
 for a bridge built over White river at West Hartford, completed' that 
 year at a cost of $1431.31 for masonry and carpentry. An extra tax of 
 twenty- five cents on the grand list was raised in 1850, to, pay for build- 
 ing a highway from Woodstock station, on the Vermont Central rai'road 
 to Taftsville. The heavy rate of taxation from 1860 to 1875 inclusive, 
 was levied to liquidate the war debt of the town, aggregating $55,029.91, 
 together with the payment made for the lattice bridge built over White 
 river at West Hartford, costing $6,110.79, and the lattice bridge built 
 over said river at White River Junction, costing, in litigation and con- 
 struction, $13,426.62 ; and the cost of repairing sundry roads and 
 bridges which were damaged by the remarkable freshet of October 4, 
 1869. 
 
 The minimum rate of taxation between 1802 and 1887, was one half 
 of one per cent, in 1803-4-6-9. The maximum rate was reached in 1865, 
 it being 300 cents. In 1864-67-68, the ordinary tax was respectively 100, 
 100 and 105 cents. It will be observed that no extra highway tax other 
 than that fixed by law was raised prior to 1829, and none from 1864 to 
 1869. The average extra highway tax from 1827 to 1873, or foity six 
 years, was five cents yearly. From 1873 to 1883, it was twenty- five cents 
 yearly. 
 
 The following table exhibits the general list of the town by decades, 
 from 1781 to 1880, and yearly in '85-86-87, together with the number of 
 polls, the deductions made for debts owing, and the lists for State taxes, 
 so far as obtainable from existing records : 
 
 ' At the March meeting, 1889, the town voted to make the first constable the 
 collector of taxes. By statute law the fee of the constable for the collection of 
 taxes is two per cent, on the list. This is decidedly a much more expensive system 
 than that of collecting by the treasurer, therefore the practical expediency of 
 changing back to the old system may be reasonably questioned. The custom of 
 allowing a, rebate on all taxes paid to the collector by November ist, has prevailed 
 in this town for many years, and has prompted the payment of a large proportion 
 of the rate bills on or before the day of freeman's meeting in September. This has 
 obviated, to a considerable extent, the necessity of borrowing money to meet 
 current expenses. No provision was made at the last town meeting to continue 
 this judicious measure. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 299 
 
 
 
 G 
 
 •ENEEAL LIST. 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Total Valua- 
 
 Total 
 
 Years. 
 
 Valuation 
 
 tion Personal 
 
 Valuation of 
 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 Property less 
 
 Real & Personal 
 
 
 
 Exemptions. 
 
 Estate. 
 
 17H1 
 
 .§ 15,115 00 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 1791 
 
 . 30,395 00 
 
 
 
 1800 
 
 . 25,719 00 
 
 
 
 1810_ 
 
 > 11,445 50 
 
 18,561 75 
 
 30,007 35 
 
 isao. 
 
 . 210,550 80 
 
 13,777 00 
 
 234,337 80 
 
 1880 _ 
 
 . 193,410 35 
 
 58,738 00 
 
 358,148 35 
 
 1840. 
 
 . 316,781 40 
 
 87,863 75 
 
 304,645 15 
 
 1850. 
 
 . 480,089 00 
 
 95,185 00 
 
 575,274 00 
 
 1860. 
 
 . 579,266 00 
 
 133,163 00 
 
 701,439 00 
 
 1870. 
 
 . 649,506 00 
 
 180,450 00 
 
 829,956 00 
 
 1880. 
 
 . 738,673 35 
 
 384,184 00 
 
 1,032,856 35 
 
 1885. 
 
 .1,053,830 00 
 
 713,581 00 
 
 1,766,411 00 
 
 1886. 
 
 .1,076,628 00 
 
 855,693 00 
 
 1,933,331 00 
 
 1887. 
 
 .1,080,530 09 
 
 841,786 00 
 
 1,933,306 00 
 
 1888. 
 
 .1,103,330 00 
 
 903,985 36 
 
 3,006,305 00 
 
 Deduc- List for 
 
 No. tions Ac- State 
 
 Polls, count of Debts 1'axes. 
 Owing. 
 
 ... 8 S 
 
 140 
 
 186 
 
 @|30) 
 
 193 f 8 1,714 16 
 
 277 2,797 27 
 
 301 4,113 48 
 
 . 331 3,708 45 
 
 388 6,538 74 
 
 462 7,938 39 
 
 547 9,393 56 
 
 697 11,633 56 
 
 751 118,761 87 19,166 11 
 
 763 133,754 00 30,847 21 
 
 775 136,860 00 20,773 06 
 
 844 178,853 00 31,751 05 
 
 For the purpose of showing the comparative magnitude of the affairs 
 of the town in 1805 and 1885, I quote the auditor's report in full for 
 1805, and an abstract of the auditor's report for 1885 : 
 
 REPORT OF 1805. 
 
 "March 7, A. D. 1805. — The subscribers, auditors to settle with the selectmen, 
 and treasurer of Hartford, for the year past, find the following to be a true state- 
 ment of said town affaii-s, viz : — 
 
 Collector's bills, viz: Roger Gillett bill, 1804 S 80 13 
 
 Also, for year 1804, Oman Bramble, bill 52 51 
 
 Also fines received of John Clark, Esq. ~ 00 
 
 Total, S134 64 
 
 We find paid to Shadi-ach Noble for keeping black girl . .8 33 13 
 
 Paid to Frances W. Shellis for work on pound 7 33 
 
 Also to David Bliss " " " '• 3 50 
 
 Paid Jonathan Bugbee for pound spikes. 3 39 
 
 Paid Mathew Ransom 88 
 
 Paid as fine on judgment of county court 34 19 
 
 Paid Allen Cai-ver for highway. 31 00 
 
 Paid Zerah Brooks for services 3 00 
 
 Abatement on Israel Gillett's bill for 1803. 1 53 
 
 Also abatement on do. for 1803 6 13 
 
 8111 97 
 We find a balance due to said town of 887.14. 
 
 On examining the accounts of the following gentlemen, we allow for their ser- 
 vices as follows, viz: — 
 
 To James Tracy, treasurer, for four years services as treasurer 813 00 
 
 To s'd Tracy for two years service as selectman 13 50 
 
 To Charles Penioh (Pinneo) one year service as selectman 6 00 
 
 To Paul Pitkin, for service as selectman, one year 6 50 
 
 To s'd Pitkin, for articles provided, and money paid for town 16 59 
 
 The above services reach down to this 7th day of March, A. D. 1805, which, when 
 settled, will be in fuU for all those gentlemen's services to this date." 
 
 JOHN CLARK, ) 
 Signed, , WILLIAM PERRY, [ Auditors. 
 PETER RIDER. 
 
 'Forty-two militia polls exempt, $840; also, four horses exempt, $54 — $53.50 
 added aJter list was taxen. Total number of names on rate bill, 366. Exempt 
 from poll tax, 74=|1480. 
 
300 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 AUDITORS' RBPOET, 
 
 For the Year Ending February 17, 1885. 
 
 H. C. Pease, Treasurer, Dr. 
 
 To cash on hand Feb. 17, 1884 5 2,189 40 
 
 Received of H. N. Savage on highway bills 346 26 
 
 Amount collected by treasurer on town and school tax bills 5,410 29 
 
 Amount paid in by J. P. Aiken 290 43 
 
 Amount borrowed by A. L. Pease, trustee 2,092 00 
 
 Amount paid as contribution by KeUey estate for road 125 00 
 
 do. do. W.Sawyer 25 00 
 
 do. do. W.J.King 25 00 
 
 Received on L. Pitkin's note (interest) 6 00 
 
 " for old stove at tovrai house 5 00 
 
 " from S. E. Pingree, from dog license 1B8 60 
 
 110,652 97 
 H. C. Pease, Treasurer, Cr. 
 
 By orders drawn by selectmen for bridges S 955 83 
 
 do. highways 3,974 00 
 
 do. ordinary expenses 1,168 35 
 
 do. land damages -- . 365 00 
 
 do. insane at asylum ^ 520 00 
 
 do. reform school and Garland case 51 44 
 
 do. damage by doge and expenses. _ 37 00 
 
 do. for school books 128 51 
 
 do. town supts., 3 years 199 36 
 
 do. overseer of the poor. _ _ 2,196 73 
 
 do. selectmen to town debts & interest 1,319 97 
 
 Cash in treasury 736 98 
 
 110,652 97 
 The ratable property in Hariford in the year 1781 exceeded in value 
 that of any other town in Windsor county. In 1870 this town ranked 
 the fourth in the county in its grand list, and, in the State, the sixth in 
 per capita valuation. la 1880 it ranked the third in its grand list, and 
 the third ia population in the county, and in the State, the thirteenth in 
 its grand list, and the eleventh in its population. In 1887 it ranked the 
 first in its population, and grand list in Windsor county, and in its 
 grand list the eleventh in the State, there being but eighteen towns in 
 the State that had a grand list exceeding $16,000. 
 
 The remarkable increase in the valuation of ratable property in the 
 interim between 1850 and 1880 is to be attributed, in a large measure, to 
 the construction of raUroads through the town. It is pertinent to say 
 that from 1850 to 1880, the increase in the valuation of the real and per- 
 sonal estate of the town was $447,582.25, or nearly 78 per cent., a sum 
 equal to the cost of grading the Vermont Central railroad from Hart- 
 ford line to Sharon line, and the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers 
 railroad from White River Junction to Norwich line. If, in 1840, the 
 town had gratuitously contributed the sum of $100,000 to secure the 
 construction of a railroad from Boston to Ogdensburg, the investment 
 would have been a judicious one, for the reason that the sum named at 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 301 
 
 compound interest (six per cent.) would not amount to a sum equal to 
 
 that representing the increased value of real estate since 1840. 
 
 In 1781 the General Assembly granted a tax on all lands in the State, 
 
 except public rights and college lands. The form of collecting said fax 
 
 is shown by the following copy of the warrant issued to Asa Emerson, 
 
 constable of Hartford : — 
 
 " To the constable of the Town of Hartford. Greeting: — Wliereas the General 
 Assembly at their session in Windsor in April, 1781, did grant a tax of ten shil- 
 lings on each hundred acres of land in the Town of Hartford, excepting Public 
 Rights and College lands. This is therefore to command you to coUect of the 
 several persons owning lands in the Town of Hartford, Ten shillings on each 
 hundred acres, and in the same proportion for a greater or lesser quantity any 
 person or persons may respectively own as aforesaid, and pay the same into 
 the treasury on or before the first day of April next, and if any person or persons 
 shall refuse or neglect to pay his, her or their just proportion of said tax, you 
 are commanded to distrain his, her or their goods or estate and the same dispose 
 of as the law directs and also satisfy your own fees. 
 
 Given at the Treasurer's office in Sunderland this 3d day of Nov. 1781. 
 
 Signed. IRA ALLEN Treasurer." 
 
 In May, 1782, the constable sold such portions of the original rights 
 of Joseph PoUett and John Spencer as were necessary to satisfy the tax 
 and his fees. The lots were laid off by Benajah Strong and sold at 
 public vendue to the highest bidder, Mr. Strong being the purchaser of 
 one and Gov. Marsh of the other. 
 
 In October, 1812, the General Assembly at their session in Montpel- 
 ier, granted a tax of one cent on each acre of land in the State, except- 
 ing public rights, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of govern- 
 ment, the tax to be collected in each town by the constable, and paid 
 into the treasury in hard money, bills of the Vermont State Bank, Treas- 
 urer's notes, orders drawn by the Supreme Court of Judicature or orders 
 drawn by the auditor of accounts against the State. The amount assessed 
 in Hartford was $270, or on 27,000 acres. In this instance the rate bill 
 comprised the names of 213 land owners. The amount of individual tax 
 varied from one cent to seven dollars and sixty-five cents. The delin- 
 quents numbered thirty-five, some of whom permitted their entire farms 
 to be sold at vendue. One of these was Noadiah Gates, a well-to-do 
 farmer, whose farm comprised 250 acres, being that now owned by Geo. 
 C. Brockway in West Hartford. Of course the owners of said property 
 redeemed it in due time. 
 
 A direct tax was laid by the Congress of the United States July 14, 
 1798, for the sum of two million dollars. This tax was collected in the 
 fourth collection , district of Vermont, by Jesse Stoddard of Norwich. 
 There were a few delinquents in Hartford. It appears of record that 
 several of the delinquents were non-resident of the town, who did not 
 appear to pay their tax, in the above named cases, nor did they all 
 redeem their lands thus sold. 
 
303 
 
 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 a geneeal list of the tax-payees in the year 1800, as wb,itten in the 
 
 selectmen's book. 
 
 Names. List. 
 
 Austin, Abiatlier § 74 00 
 
 Barron, Benjamin 48 00 
 
 BrooksElam 110 00 
 
 Bemis, Simeon 36 00 
 
 Barron, Abel 203 00 
 
 Bennett, Jolrn 114 35 
 
 BraleyJohn 157 00 
 
 Bramble, Abel 146 00 
 
 Bingham, Elias 95 00 
 
 Bingham, Asahel 83 50 
 
 Burch, Mehitabel 50 50 
 
 Bugbee, Benjamin 111 50 
 
 Bramble, Oman _l 38 50 
 
 Bm-tch, William 383 00 
 
 Burtch, James 336 00 
 
 Baley, Jude 3 50 
 
 Brinii, Galley 33 50 
 
 Bliss, David. .:.-_ 107 25 
 
 Bramble, Wm. , Juu 66 35 
 
 Brooks, Zerah 40 00 
 
 Burtch, Edy 181 25 
 
 Bramble,Wm 346 35 
 
 Burtch, Benjamin 274 00 
 
 Bugbee, Nathaniel 6150 
 
 Bugbee, Olvard 56 00 
 
 Bartholomew, Noah 90 00 
 
 Bliss, Jabez , 59 50 
 
 Bartholomew, Luther 107 50 
 
 Bliss. David, Jim 86 00 
 
 Bill, Eliphalet 98 00 
 
 Bennett, Jonathan 134 75 
 
 Bill, Benazah 108 75 
 
 Brewer, Joseph 38 50 
 
 Cuipmins, Joseph 36 50 
 
 Chapman, Elias _._ 175 50 
 
 Cone, John 36 50 
 
 Cowen, AUen 69 50 
 
 Clark, Mitchell 333 00 
 
 Colburn, David, Jun 148 50 
 
 Cole, John 110 00 
 
 Clark, Paul 84 00 
 
 Coats, Thomas 83 50 
 
 Colburn, Laton 41 00 
 
 Colburn,Abia 60 00 
 
 Chapman, Erastus 150 35 
 
 Clark, Hyde 133 00 
 
 Cooley, Horace 68 00 
 
 Chapman, Juuiah 133 50 
 
 Clark, John 171 75 
 
 Delano, Hibbard 77 50 
 
 Delano, Zebulon 130 35 
 
 Dutton,John. 90 50 
 
 Dutton,Jesse 348 00 
 
 Dutton, Daniel 46 50 
 
 Dutton, Asahel _ _ . . 171 50 
 
 Dutton, Nathaniel 312 00 
 
 Dimock, Philip 104 35 
 
 Dimick, Joab .__. 50 50 
 
 Dimiok, Philip, Jun_ _ 33 00 
 
 Dewey, Josliua 196 00 
 
 Dewey, John 39 00 
 
 Dunham, Gersham 138 00 
 
 Nanres. 
 
 Demmon, Dorcas 
 
 Dean, Nathan 
 
 Demmon, Wm 
 
 Dewey, James 
 
 Emerson, Harry 
 
 Estabrooks, Porter. . - 
 
 Eaton, Brigham 
 
 Elmore, John 
 
 Ehnore, William-.... 
 
 Fermon , Chester 
 
 Fuller, Seth 
 
 Fuller, Jonathan 
 
 Gillett, Roger 
 
 Gillett, John 
 
 Gillett, Billa 
 
 Gillett, Israel 
 
 Gibbs , Harvey . . 
 
 Gould, George 
 
 Gilbert, Nathaniel 
 
 How, Stewart 
 
 Huntington, John 
 
 Hazen, Asa 
 
 Hazen, Hezekiah 
 
 Hazen, Thomas 
 
 Hazen, Solomon 
 
 Hazen, Daniel 
 
 Hazen Philemon 
 
 Hazen, Reuben _ 
 
 Hazen, Mercy 
 
 Hall, Jacob 
 
 Holbrook, Thomas 
 
 Hadlock , John 
 
 Hager, Lemuel 
 
 Hunter, John 
 
 Ingraham, Friend 
 
 Ingi-aliam, Simeon . . _ 
 
 Ingraham, David 
 
 Ingraham, Jeremiah. 
 
 Ingals, Jonathan 
 
 King, Hoplini 
 
 King, Daniel 
 
 King, Asahel 
 
 Jones, David, Jun 
 
 Leavitt, Freegrace 
 
 Lawrence , EUas 
 
 Lyman, Elias 
 
 Miller, Peter 
 
 Marsh, Joseph, Jr 
 
 Marsh, Joseph. . . .' 
 
 Marsh, Elisha 
 
 Marsh, Joel 
 
 Marsh, Wm 
 
 Marsh, Abram 
 
 Marsh, Daniel 
 
 Mai-sh, MUo 
 
 Marsh, Roger 
 
 Marsh, Elisha, Jun... 
 
 Munsil, EUakeniS 
 
 Miller, Nathaniel 
 
 Marsh, Russell 
 
 Marsh, Eliplialet 
 
 Newton, Slielden 
 
 List, 
 
 335 00 
 
 36 50 
 
 133 35 
 
 30 00 
 
 83 50 
 
 71 35 
 
 58 00 
 
 38 50 
 
 38 50 
 
 36 00 
 
 43 75 
 
 74 75 
 
 11-0 00 
 
 330 00 
 
 '88 00 
 
 359 00 
 
 77 50 
 
 96 50 
 
 36 50 
 
 461 50 
 
 21 00 
 
 364 75 
 
 350 00 
 
 323 00 
 
 173 50 
 
 281 00 
 
 188 00 
 
 130 00 
 
 184 50 
 
 195 25 
 
 52 50 
 119 00 
 
 23 50 
 30 00 
 43 50 
 46 50 
 83 50 
 
 136 50 
 38 50 
 11 00 
 46 00 
 66 50 
 77 00 
 
 156 35 
 69 00 
 48 35 
 
 53 35 
 303 50 
 
 65 50 
 154 50 
 
 57 50 
 163 50 
 257 50 
 363 50 
 329 00 
 242 75 
 181 30 
 113 50 
 
 99 55 
 
 63 50 
 139 50 
 100 00 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 803 
 
 Names. List. 
 
 iSTewton, David 310 00 
 
 Noble, Shadrack 68 00 
 
 Newman, Samuel 33 50 
 
 Noble,Simeon 33 50 
 
 Palmer, Roderick R 26 Oq 
 
 PoweU, Luther 157 00 
 
 Pease, Samuel 198 50 
 
 Phelps, Cadwell 95 50 
 
 Pease, Jesse 85 50 
 
 Peak, Lemuel... 40 00 
 
 Porter, EHot 112 75 
 
 Pixley, Asa ._ 123 75 
 
 Paddock, John 148 50 
 
 Pease , Christopher 251 00 
 
 Pixley, Benjamin 73 00 
 
 Pixley, William 201 50 
 
 Pinneo, Charles and John.- 17175 
 
 Peak, Thomas. 26 50 
 
 Pratt, Lewis . 26 00 
 
 Powers, William 176 50 
 
 Porter, WiUiam 234 00 
 
 Pease, Benjamin ... 33 50 
 
 Parker, Ephraim 33 00 
 
 Pitkin, Paul 362 oO 
 
 Pen-y, William 33 50 
 
 Power, Wm., Jun 49 50 
 
 Robinson, Wm 40 50 
 
 Rust, Niel 180 00 
 
 Robinson, Daniel 20 00 
 
 Richards, Joel 96 50 
 
 Rioliardson, Frederick 26 50 
 
 Rust, Phineas 88 50 
 
 Rider, Zenas 183 50 
 
 Robinson, Amos 212 00 
 
 Rust, Lemuel 86 50 
 
 Richardson, John 46 50 
 
 Richardson, Thomas 100 50 
 
 Razey, Joseph 46 50 
 
 Richardson, Amos 53 00 
 
 Rider, Peter 167 50 
 
 Rider, Joshua 214 00 
 
 Rust, Benjamin 166 25 
 
 Ransom, Matthew 84 00 
 
 Ransom, Daniel. 71 50 
 
 Raymond, Liberty 50 00 
 
 ShalUs, Francis. 75 50 
 
 Strong, James 127 25 
 
 Savage, Seth 181 75 
 
 Shattuck, Ephraim 56 50 
 
 Strong, Solomon, Jr 134 50 
 
 Sprague, Daniel... 44 00 
 
 Strong, WiUiam 86 50 
 
 Savage, Thomas 194 00 
 
 Spear, Elijah 116 50 
 
 Savage, Francis W 229 50 
 
 Smith,Asa. 132 00 
 
 Smith, Sylvanus 89 00 
 
 Sprague, Philip. 146 75 
 
 Shattuck, Reuben 63 00 
 
 Strong, Solomon. 82 50 
 
 Names. List. 
 
 Scott, John, Jr 33 50 
 
 Staple, Amos 33 50 
 
 Smith, Justin 84 50 
 
 Smith, Ashbel 140 50 
 
 Sti'ong, Jedediah 114 50 
 
 Tenney, Reuben. 231 35 
 
 Trumbull, David 37 35 
 
 Ti-acy, James 228 50 
 
 Ti-acT, Andrew 148 75 
 
 Tracy, Joseph 156 00 
 
 TUden, Stephen, Jun 331 00 
 
 TUden, Asa 341 25 
 
 Turner, Isaac . 54 50 
 
 Tilden. Josiah 292 50 
 
 Taylor, Hezekiah 26 50 
 
 Udall, Oliver 398 50 
 
 Udall, Sam'l, Jr 181 50 
 
 Udall,Samuel 34100 
 
 Waldo, Walter 36 50 
 
 Webster, Samuel 138 35 
 
 Wilson, Putnam 46 50 
 
 Wright, Benjamin 213 50 
 
 Wilson, EUas 74 50 
 
 Witherell, Obadiah 38 50 
 
 Wright, Jonathan 300 00 
 
 Whitcomb, David 83 50 
 
 Wood, Eplu-aim 26 50 
 
 Wright, David, Jr 68 50 
 
 Wilson, Isaac 38 75 
 
 Whitney Jonathan 106 00 
 
 Wright, David 292 50 
 
 White, Noadiah.. 20 00 
 
 Woodward, Elilm 37 50 
 
 Webster, Israel 143 50 
 
 Webster, William 39 50 
 
 Total 126,069 30 
 
 ASSESSMENTS ON MILL PKOPERTT. 
 
 Elias Lyman S 130 00 
 
 Elisha Marsh 80 00 
 
 David TnambuU .-. 150 00 
 
 Peter Miller 70 00 
 
 Marsh & Pitkin 40 00 
 
 Hazen & Newton 20 00 
 
 Jonathan Fuller 40 00 
 
 Liberty Raymond 40 00 
 
 Erastus Chapman 30 00 
 
 Lewis Pratt 30 00 
 
 Jesse Dutton 30 00 
 
 Jedediah Strong 50 00 
 
 William Pen-y 30 00 
 
 Jesse Pease 30 00 
 
 Total .$36,839 30 
 
 Total number of taxpayers 219 
 
 Tax raised on the doUar 005 
 
 Total amount of rate bill $134 15 
 
304 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 GRAND LIST OF THE TOWN OF HAETFOED FOR THE YEAE 1887. ^ 
 
 Real Estate, 1st class, No. acres 531f , Valuation of $557,375 00 
 
 2d class, No. acres 25,163i, Valuation of 538,345 00 
 
 Total amount of Real Estate $1,080,530 00 
 
 Personal Estate _ 841,786 00 
 
 Total amount of Real and Personal Estate §1,933,306 00 
 
 PoUs— No. 775, assessed at $3 is § 1,550 00 
 
 Add one per cent, of all Real and Personal Estate 19,333 06 
 
 Total List 130,773 06 
 
 Amount of Rate bill at 75c on the doUar 15,579 80 
 
 The total amount of deduction made on account of debts owing is §136,860. 
 
 The total amount of exemptions is §109,700. 
 The whole number of taxpayers in town is 1063, divided as follows : — 
 Persons paying less than one doUar, 13. 
 Persons paying a fall tax only 384. ' 
 Others paying less than ten dollars, 343. 
 Persons paying from |10 to $35, 185. 
 Persons paying from |25 to |40, 74. 
 Persons paying |40 and over, 65 = 1063.' 
 
 The number of corporations and companies in town is 31 ; the number of 
 estates is 34; the number of women separately taxed is 115; men and their wives 
 or other female relatives associated, 19; the sixty-five persons who pay $40 each 
 and upward, pay very nearly one-half the whole rate-bill above named. 
 
 'In i888, April ist, the number of polls was 844; number taxpayers, 1136; 
 amount deduction account debts owing $178,852; amount manufacturers exempted, 
 $280,000; number- women taxpayers, 114. 
 
CHAPTEK XXII. 
 
 THE town's poor AND THEIR SUPPORT. 
 
 Not the least among our varied duties is that of making a liberal 
 provision for the poor, and the unfortunate of every kind in our midst. 
 This town, in common with all other towns in the State, now makes a 
 generous provision for the poor, and to aid all who are justly entitled 
 to help. The old system of selling the town's poor to the lowest bid- 
 der was reprehensible in the extreme. The poor were then often hud- 
 dled together like so many cattle, without respect to age, sex, or pre- 
 vious condition, and were treated in a way that would, at least, ensure 
 to their keepers a fair remuneration when the price bid exceeded one 
 dollar per week for each pauper. A spirit of heartlessness character- 
 ized the action of the early settlers regarding the poor. Hundreds of 
 families were legally warned and driven out of town pi-ior to 1819. 
 The banished included the old and the young, the married and the 
 single, widows and orphans, all who had not become legally chargeable 
 in case aid was needed.' The last families warned out were those of 
 Nicholas Hartford, 15th July, 1817, and Benjamin Hart, June 10th, 
 1817. As the constables of the town served the warnings, and drew 
 fat fees therefor, it is more than probable that they were over-officious 
 in the removal of many who should have been permitted to remain. 
 
 The first precept issued by the selectmen of Hartford relating to the 
 eviction of people from the town, was that served on one Wilson, under 
 date of April 30, 1803, and as the process in this case was similar to 
 that pursued in general, I will here quote the same pro forma, viz. : 
 
 State of Vermont I To either of the constables of Hartford in said County — 
 Windsor ss j Greeting — You are hereby requested to summons Joseph 
 
 WOson now residing in sd Hartford, with his wife and f amUy, to depart sd 
 town. Hereof, faU not but of this precept and your doings herein due return 
 make according to law. Given under our hands at Hartford, this 25th day of 
 April, 1808. 
 
 ERASTUS CHAPMAN) 
 DANIEL MAESH [ Selectmen. 
 
 JAMES TEACY ) 
 
 Windsor Coimty ss. At Hartford, 
 the 30th day of April, 1803, I served this precept by leaving a true and attested 
 copy of the original with my return thereon with a suitable person of discretion. 
 Fees 25 cts. 
 
 Attest DANIEL EANSOM, Constable. 
 
 ' The citizens of Hartford were particular in having such men for citizens as 
 would not be a burden upon the town. The town records show that emigrants had 
 much difficulty in obtaining a permanent residence unless they were able to support 
 themselves. 
 
 20 
 
806 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The first record made relating to the poor was that of the election of 
 Abel Marsh, Elijah Strong and Daniel Pinneo, overseers of the poor, at 
 a town niee;ting held at the house of Elijah Strong on the 3d Tuesday 
 of May, 1772. The town records from 1778 to 1S02 are not in the 
 town clerk's oflSce, nor have they been for several years, consequently 
 we have no data regarding the poor, the number, cost, etc., from the 
 settlement of the town in 1764 to 1808, excepting what relates to warn- 
 ing the poor to leave town, and what is recorded in the " Selectmen's 
 Journal," under date of April 30th, 1779. The following is from 
 Selectmen's Journal : 
 
 The first record of an order drawn for the support of the poor was 
 in 1779. It was given to Benjamin Pixley, April 30th, for keeping 
 Irena Duncan (a colored girl) and her child, a portion of sd year 
 ($23.90), also, to David Bliss, for keeping a black boy $2.00. April 
 29th, 1800, Joseph Marsh, Jr., was paid $39.00, for keeping Rena Dun-' 
 can (" the black gal ") one year.' This "black gal," was a town charge 
 until March, 1816, when she died. Rena and her child, and one other 
 child were all the paupers supported by the town until 1805, when 
 Olive Bates was added to the number. In 1806-7 Saphrona Wood and 
 Thomas Drew were added to the list. 
 
 The following is a record of a town meeting at which Rena Duncan 
 was bid off by Joseph Marsh, Jr. : 
 
 "At a meeting of the Inhabetanoe of the Town of Hartford Legally warned and 
 holden at the Meeting house in sd Hartford on Thursday the 36 day of Septem- 
 ber, 1799, acted as follows (viz) 
 
 1st. Chose Gov. Marsh Moderator to govern sd meeting. 
 
 2d. Chose Abel Barron Vandeu master to bid of Lurana Dunkin to the loest 
 Bidder to kep til Next March meeting. Sd Barron bid of sd Lurana to Joseph 
 Marsh jun'r at five shilling a week to Board and Cloth. 
 
 3d. Voted to rase a tax of half a cent on a dollar on the List of the year A. D. 
 1799. 
 
 Voted to Dismiss this meeting and it was accordingly Dismissed." 
 
 Let us next turn to the town records, where, under date of Sept. 6, 
 1808, we find that at a special town meeting held that day for the pur- 
 pose of seeing what the town would do about their public lands, and 
 the support of the poor, the town first voted to sell the town's poor, to 
 the lowest bidder, and then, and there, proceeded to sell Thomas Drew, 
 and he was sold to Timothy Eldridge for one dollar per week ! I find 
 no record relating to who were overseers of the poor subsequent to 
 1776, until March, 1809, where it is mentioned that the selectmen are 
 overseers of the poor. Nothing further appears in the town records on 
 
 ' The proper name of this girl was "Lurana Dunkin.'' She was the daughter of 
 Thomas Dunlcin, a well-to-do colored man, who owned lot No. lo, of the first fifty- 
 acre division, lying on Connecticut river, south of White river. He died in 1777- 
 Lurana being his only surving relative, and being non compos mentis, she became a 
 town charge. On the 2gth of December, 1791, Hezekiah Hazen, Peter Rider and 
 Samuel Udall, selectmen of Hartford, deeded lot No. 10 (fifty-two acres) to Mitchell 
 Clark, for a consideration of §242.00, " for the support of Lurana Dunkin." 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 307 
 
 this point until 181'7, when Zebulon Delano was elected overseer. In 
 1811, the town voted to sell Rena Duncan, to Elijah Mason at $2.00 
 per week, Molly Ryder to James Udall at $1.50 per week, and the Sax- 
 ton child to Milo Marsh at sixty cents per week. In 1813, it was voted 
 to place the town's poor under the special care of the overseers; i.e., not 
 to sell them. From this time forward until about 1832, the poor were 
 bandied about, like tennis balls, from place to place under the illiberal 
 system then in vogue. 
 
 Turning once more to the Selectmen's Journal, we find that Putman 
 Proctor "Wilson, and family, became town's poor, in 1811. Mr. Wilson 
 had formerly occupied one of the leased school-lots, ' No. 14,' but 
 subsequently moved to Plainfield, N. H., where he became insane, and 
 in 1811, was brought to this town from Plainfield by Luther Bartholo- 
 mew. From this date, he and his family were cared for by different 
 families — Reuben Hazen's, Ben Pixley's, Hezekiah Hazen's, and others. 
 In 1814, it became necessary to place Mr. Wilson in irons, and the 
 selectmen employed Jonathan Bugbee, at White River Village, to make 
 a chain and footlocks for that purpose. In 1816, Feb. 18, the selectmen 
 gave an order to David Trumbull for sawing plank for said Wilson's 
 cage. The cage was constructed, probably, on the premises of Benja- 
 min Dutton,' who kept said Wilson from May 15th, 1815, to 22d Mch., 
 1816, and probably until 1820, when, according to the town records, 
 Charles Pinneo's house was made the town poor house. In Mch., 1821, 
 the town's poor were disposed of as follows : — '' Put Wilson and Charles 
 Mattoon (both lunatics) to Sheldon Newton's for one year, at seven 
 shillings per week each ; Diadama Bartholomew for same price to Har- 
 vey Gibbs ; The widow Carey, and her two children, at Charles Pin- 
 neo's, he to find provisions, and the said widow to cook them, and Pin- 
 neo to have the first cost of provisions." 
 
 In Mch.j 1826, Philemon Hazen bid off all the town's poor in one lot, 
 for one year, for $580, but it is probable that Wilson and Mattoon 
 remained at Sheldon Newton's until 1832, and that said Hazen's contract 
 expired in Mch. 1827, for the reason that orders were given to several 
 different persons in 1827, including two, of $100 each to Thomas Tracy, 
 for keeping four children, " until they are of age." In 1831, the town 
 purchased Walter Smith's farm for the poor farm. This farm is on the 
 west side of White river about two miles south of West Hartford vil- 
 lage. It was deeded to the town Oct. 22, 1831, the price being $1400 
 for 134 acres, exclusive of sixteen and one-half acres, belonging to Mrs. 
 Smith, which the selectmen leased for two years at $45 yearly. April 1, 
 1836, the selectmen leased of widow Smith her dower, during her natural 
 life, for $35 yearly. In 1832, the selectmen contracted with Lovell 
 Hibbard to build a new house thereon, for which he was paid $518, and 
 
 ' Now the home of Charles Hatch. 
 
308 HISTORY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 for an apartment especially for Put. Wilson, coniaining a cage, said Hib- 
 bard was paid $55 extra. At the March meeting of the town it was 
 voted " to set the pauper house into District No. 16, and that year, 1832, 
 most of the town's poor were moved into the new house, including Put. 
 Wilson and Charles Mattoon, and, I think, another insane person, 
 Isaac Perry. These men were raving crazy most of the time, and there, 
 caged up like wild beasts in narrow filthy cells, the writer often saw 
 them, and viewing their Hcanty, ragged attire, their pallets of straw, 
 and their pitable condition, was impressed with the conviction that the 
 inhuman treatment to which they were subjected, was sufficient of itself 
 to make lunatics of all men. Poor old Put. had some rational moments, 
 was always pleased to see children, to whom he would sing the old song, 
 "Friendship to every willing mind," &c., as often as requested. 
 
 In 1830, Messrs. John Strong, John Grout and Daniel Hazen, were 
 chosen a committee to confer with other towns concerning co-operation 
 for the support of the poor. If they did their duty, they made no 
 public report. In 1852, Hon. John Porter, town agent, sold the Smith 
 farm — thirty eight acres to S. B. Dimick for f400, and the balance of 
 about 100 acres with buildings, for $1900. The town's poor were not 
 removed from this farm until about 1866, when the town purchased, of 
 Jonas G. Lamphere, his farm of 160 acres, together with some stock 
 and farm utensils, paying about $5,000 therefor. No change has since 
 been made. 
 
 The following figures exhibit the cost of supporting the town's poor 
 for the years named (including the insane poor at the Vermont asylum, 
 Brattleboro), from 1800 to 1885, viz :— 1800, $39.00; 1801, $30.33; 
 1805, $33.12; 1807, $131.35; 1810, $198.03; 1820, $457.70; 1830, 
 $814.06 ; 1840, $774.05 ; 1850, $765.97 ; 1860, $1017.57 ; 1864, $2004.- 
 30; 1870,11954.06; 1875, $1734.72 ; 1880, $2082.50; 1881, $1783.55; 
 1882, $1425.51 ; 1883, $1816.29 ; 1884, $2153.30 ; 1885, $1947.09 ; 1886, 
 $2291.89 ; 1887, $745.36 ; 1888, $2245.54. The office of overseer of the 
 poor is the most important in the administration of town affiairs. Its 
 duties are arduous, its responsibilities weighty, and a proper management 
 implies a full understanding of the statute laws made and providedfor the 
 guidance of the i ncumbent of the office. It is, therefore, eminently just 
 and proper to make the tenure of this office dependent upon a humane, 
 judicious and intelligent management of its affau-s, without fear or 
 favor. Our citizens have exhibited their good sense by continuing in 
 the offices of overseer of the poor, town agent and listers the same men 
 year after year. Perhaps the incumbents have not always been wisely 
 selected, nor the most capable in point of sound sense and business 
 capacity, but the knowledge they gain by experience renders them emi- 
 nently serviceable and valuable in the affairs of their respective offices, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 309 
 
 and, for this reason, frequent rotation in these ofdces is not good policy. 
 Perhaps the same may be true as to the office of selectmen. 
 
 The list of overseers of the poor from 1772 to 1887 inclusive, is given 
 elsewhere. I find that from 1772 to 1816, inclusive, the care of the 
 town's poor was in the hands of the selectmen. In another portion of 
 this history may be found a list of the selectmen of the town from 1765 
 to 1887, so far as the records enable me to give the incumbents ; there- 
 fore, I shall not repeat all of their names here. The first election of 
 selectmen took place on the third Tuesday of May, 1772, at a meeting 
 held in the house of Elijah Strong. Abel Marsh, Elijah Strong and Dan- 
 iel Pinneo were elected. In 1773, John Bennett and Christopher Pease 
 were elected. In 1774, Stephen Tilden and Capt. Joseph Marsh. In 
 1776, Col. Joel Marsh and Col. Joshua Hazen. From the last named 
 date until March, 1809, there is no record concerning who were chosen 
 selectmen. In March, 1809, Philemon Hazen, Preegrace Leavitt and 
 Elijah Mason were chosen selectmen and overseers of the poor. The 
 next mention of overseers of the poor appears under date of March, 
 1811, and so on to 1817, when a departure from the former custom was 
 made and the office was entrusted to one person for many years there- 
 after. 
 
 MASONIC AND OTHER SOCIETIES. 
 
 The United Brethren Lodge, No. 21, . F. & A. M., of Hartford, Vt., 
 celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary and tenth annual sociable on 
 Wednesday, Oct. 12, 1887. In 1878, the brethren of this lodge, ani- 
 mated by the noble purpose of enlarging the sphere of brotherly inter- 
 course, and fraternal regard, that should characterize the life of all mem- 
 bers of the Masonic craft, inaugurated a series of Masonic sociables, to 
 be held annually under the auspices of the lodge at its home in White 
 River village. 
 
 The first sociable was held on the 8th of March, 1878, and proved to 
 be a notable and exceedingly pleasant event. The interest created in 
 these sociables has been increasing steadUy with each year, and it is safe 
 to say that this interest has reached a point beyond the most sanguine 
 expectations of all who participated in the inauguration of the plan, 
 while those who have had the privilege of participating in the exercises 
 of the annual reunions have been more than ever deeply impressed with 
 the conviction that Freemasonry, in its better part, makes of the whole 
 human race one family of brothers, united by wisdom, labor and love. 
 
 Pleasant and cool weather, and the anticipation of a good time, in- 
 duced a large attendance upon the occasion of the tenth annual sociable. 
 
310 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Seventeen lodges were represented, including brethren from the States 
 of New Hampshire, Massachusetts and New York. The very interest- 
 ing programme arranged for this anniversary and sociable was fully and 
 successfully carried out. At 3.30 p. m., a lodge was opened in due form 
 in the third degree in Masons' hall, Bro. Geo. P. Flanders in the east. 
 Then followed a neat and pertinent address of welcome to visiting 
 brethren by Bro. D. L. Gushing, after which the master's chair was 
 taken by Bro. A. L. Pease, secretary of U. B. Lodge, No. 21. 
 Next in order came an eloquent and highly interesting address by M. 
 W. Alfred A. Hall, of St. Albans, grand master of the grand lodge of 
 Vermont. 
 
 The worshipful master next introduced Bro. N. W. White, who read 
 a historical sketch of United Brethren Lodge, covering a period of 
 seventy-five years. This was listened to with a great expression of in- 
 terest, and the historian must have felt highly gratified by the commen- 
 dations passed upon his effort. The following is an abstract of the 
 sketch : 
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS BY BRO. N. W. WHITE. 
 
 Seventy-flve years ago the 87th day of August last, a few masons met in the 
 town of Norwich, at a private house, the home of WiUiam Little, to consider a 
 proposition for the organization of a masonic lodge. Reuben Hatch was chosen 
 moderator of that httle meeting, and WiUiam Little secretary. At this meeting 
 they nominated for their first offices — should they succeed in getting a lodge — 
 Reuben Hatch for master, Lyman Fitch for S. W. and Zerah Brooks for J. W. 
 They then appointed a committee, consisting of Bros. Enos Lewis, Luther Dyer 
 and WiUiam Little, to correspond with adjacent lodges, and get their consent for 
 the organization of a new lodge to be located in the town of Norv^ioh. This com- 
 mittee were instructed to report at an adjourned meeting to be held the first Mon- 
 day in October following at the same place. 
 
 According to adjournment they met Oct. 5, when the committee i-eported that 
 they had obtained the approbation of "Vermont lodge. No. 1, in Windsor, and of 
 Warren lodge, No. 23, in Woodstock. They then adjourned to Oct. 30. The 
 petition to the grand lodge had been prepared and forwarded prior to this meet- 
 ing of Oct. 5, with the signatures of the following named petitioners: Theodore 
 Cooley, Roger Gillett, Thomas Gross, Jr., Lyman Lewis, Zebulon Delano, 
 Phineas Parkhurst, Jr., Reuben Hatch, Wm. Little, Asa Richardson, Asa Tilden, 
 Zerah Brooks, Enos Lewis, Luther Dyer, John Hall, Amos Bugbee, Elijah T. 
 Willey, Ephraim Hall, Calvin Seaver, Jasper Johnson, John Tracy, Abel Dunk" 
 ^ee, Ethan Burnap, O. G. Bui-ton, James UdaU, Daniel Spooner, Warren Laird, 
 Joseph Styles, George E. Wales, Stephen Underwood, Benjamin Green, Robert 
 Nichols, Samuel Sargent, Arthur Latham, Noadiah Kibbee, — ^thirty-four in all. 
 This petition was received in the grand lodge, Oct. 5, 1818, and referred to Bros. 
 Edward Ellis, Joseph Winslow and Ezra Bliss who reported favorably the next 
 day, and the same was adopted by the grand lodge, after changing the name of 
 ^he lodge in the petition from St. John's to United Brethren. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 311 
 
 The meeting held pursuant to adjournment (Oct. 30) was recorded as a regular 
 communication of United Brethren lodge, No. 35, at Masons' hall, and was opened 
 with ancient ceremonies in due form. The officers chosen pro tern,, were as fol- 
 lows: Lyman Lewis,. W. M. ; William Little, S. W.; Enos Lewis, J. W.; Francis 
 Sawyer, treasurer; Roger Gillett, secretary; John Tracy, S. D.; Joshua Ashman 
 J. D. ; John Hall, tyler. Other brethren present were Zebulon Delano, Joseph 
 Lyman, George Olds, Jr. , and Jabez Parkhurst. This was the first meeting held 
 under the charter. At this meeting a committee, consisting of Lyman Lewis, 
 "Wm. Little and Jabez Parkhurst was chosen to draft by-laws. Two weeks later 
 Nov. 3, a special communication was held to hear and consider the report of the 
 committee on by-laws, on which occasion Reuben Hatch filled the station to which 
 he was assigned in the charter. Also, at this meeting, we find George E. Wales, 
 who figures so conspicuously in the subsequent history of the lodge, and who was 
 the first and only member of United Brethren lodge to attain to the Grand East. 
 Thus was organized United Brethren lodge and fully launched upon the high tide 
 of masonic prosperity. Work flowed in and the communications were attended 
 with a promptness and enthusiasm hardly paralleled in later years. The lodge 
 continued to hold conununications in Norwich until 1815. In Jvily of that year 
 George E. Wales introduced a resolution to petition the grand lodge for permis- 
 sion to move the lodge to Hartford. The grand lodge sitting in Windsor, Oct. 9, 
 1815, granted the petition. Seven days later a communication of the lodge was 
 held in White River Village, Hartford, in a house on the south side of White 
 River; subsequently, meetings were held on the north side of the river, in the 
 upper room of Bani Udall's hotel — what is now the " Cone store," so-called — in 
 which the last meeting, in 1839, was held. 
 
 In August, 1838, occurred the last election of officers before the dissolution of 
 the lodge in the great anti-masonic cyclone: The officers were as follows: Wyllys 
 Lyman, W. M.; Samuel Nutt, S. W.; John Wright, J. W.; Zebulon Delano, 
 treasurer; E. S. Gage, secretary; Jonathan Bugbee, S. S.; Ehner Tracy, J. D.; 
 Joseph Styles, Tyler; John Tracy, Calvin Seaver, Luther Delano, stewards; John 
 Wright, George Roice, Issac Kimball, censors; Daniel Hazen, chaplain. From 
 this time until November, 1839, communications were held from time to time, 
 but there is no record of meetings during the months of June, July, August and 
 September, 1839. The record of the last two meetings was made on a sheet of 
 paper fastened into the lodge record book by wafers on the back of which we 
 read, " Proceedings of the last two communications of United Brethren Lodge 
 No. 35, Hartford." The first epoch in the history of this lodge closed in Novem- 
 ber, 1839. The first suggestion concerning the re-organization of the U. B. 
 Lodge came from Wm. Pierce, a member of Rising Sun Lodge of Royalton, but 
 now a member of U. B. Lodge, though living in Royalton, at the advanced age 
 of 87 years. Business brought him to White River Village in 1845, and he then 
 suggested to Bani Udall the idea of resuscitating the lodge. The two agreed to 
 consult Judge Wales, who favored their purpose, and notified the brethren to 
 meet at his office. Mr. Pierce says that there were present at that meeting, George 
 E. Wales, Samuel Nutt, John Tracy, Bani Udall, Abel Howard, and himself. 
 Other meetings were held. Brethren from Royalton came down to assist in 
 organizing, and they soon got to work in regular order. The record of organiza- 
 tion is as follows : 
 
312 HISTORY OF HARTFOKD. 
 
 " United Brethren Lodge, No. 31, after a suspension of its labors as No. 35, and 
 under lease of the Grand Lodge met at Mason's hall, in Hartford, on the 8th day 
 of April, 1851, and proceeded to reorganize the lodge, and the brethren present 
 were, George E. Wales, John Traoy, John Wright, Theophilus Gushing, Oramel 
 Nichols, Samuel Nutt, Ai-thur" Latham, and Bros. Hitchcock, Emmons and Gif- 
 ford. On motion proceeded to the choice of officers. Chose, Geo. E. Wales, W. 
 M.; John Tracy, S. W.; John Wright, J. W.; Geo. Lyman, Sec'ty; RosweU 
 SartweU, Treas. ; Samuel Nutt, S. D. ; Arthur Latham, J. D. ; Wm. Pierce, tyler; 
 Theophilus Gushing, steward. The lodge opened and closed in due form on the 
 first degree of masomy. Attest : GEO. E. WALES, W. M." 
 
 The lodge was now fairly under way, applications for degrees were frequent, 
 and thereafter the life of the lodge was a prosperous one. The communica- 
 tions of the lodge were held in a haU over the Union store in White River Junction , 
 from the date of its reorganization until April, 1858, since which time the lodge 
 has been domiciled in White River Village. ' The following is a Hst of the Past 
 Masters of the lodge since organization : 
 
 Reuben Hatch ___ _ 1813-13 
 
 George E. Wales _ - 1813-19, 1830-31, 1832-34, 1851-53 
 
 Benjamin Green _ 1819-30 
 
 Stephen Underwood_ _ . .1831-22 
 
 Wyllys Lyman 1834^51 
 
 Samuel Nutt 1853-54 
 
 Jolm F. Austin _ _ _ 1854^55 
 
 J. S. Farnsworth : 1855-57 
 
 James Gifford 1857-60, 1861-63 
 
 S. H. Pierce 1860-61 
 
 Justus W. French 1862-64 
 
 Joseph K. Edgerton 1864^67 
 
 Charles H. Tenney 1864-67 
 
 Nelson W. White __ 18Yl-7'3, 1885-86 
 
 Edward Blaisdell __. 1883-84 
 
 AUenL. Pease 1874-77, 1878-79, 1884r-85 
 
 Asaph T. Taft _ 1877-78 
 
 Joseph P. Aikens _ _ _ _ 1879-81 
 
 BenK. Wright 1881-83 
 
 Lowell M. Weeks _._ _ 1882-83 
 
 Wesley P. Davis. .1883-84 
 
 Charles H. Hackett 1886-87 
 
 Daniels. Willard .1887-88 
 
 At 6 o'clock, p. M., the bretluen were called from labor to refreshment, and 
 soon after repaired to the dining hall of Pease's hotel, where mine host, Davis, 
 treated them to a banquet which in quantity and quality fully sustained his rep- 
 utation as a first-class caterer to the wants of the inner man, and elicited at the 
 same time comments highly complimentary to the amiable hostess, whose hand 
 was evident in the preparation of the dainty menu served on this occasion. The 
 post-prandial exercises took place in Masons' haU commencing at 7:30 p. m., and 
 consisted of sentiments' and responses, reminiscences, short addresses, etc., imder 
 the direction of Bro. W. H. S. Whitcomb, of Burlington, toastmaster, who per- 
 formed the duties of that office in his usual felicitous style. 
 
 The historian was made a F. & A. M., in 1858, in U. B. L. No. 21. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF HONOR. 
 
 A branch of this order entitled Hartford Lodge, No. 1671, was instituted in 
 Hartford village June 23, 1879, with the following named charter members, viz: 
 
 ' Hall destroyed by fire Jan. 24, 18S9. Lodge since located in White River 
 Junction, in Odd Fellows hall. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 313 
 
 W. C. Gk)ff, H. H. Peck, H. C. Stevens, J. H. Hunter, C. W. Pease, A. L. Peck, 
 Peter Teri-iU, W. H. Brooks, A. B. Fi-ench, A. L. Pease, J. P. Aiken, Geo. E. 
 Cone, S. J. Allen, Jr., G. L. TarbeU, H. E. Harris, Suniner Nims, B. D. Huse. 
 The officers of this lodge then chosen were as foUows: — A. L. Pease, P. D.; W- 
 
 C. Goff, D.; J. P. Aiken, V. D.; J. H. Hunter, A. D.; C. W. Pease, R.; H. H. 
 Peck, F. R.; A. B. French, T.; Geo. E. Cone, C; H. C. Stevens, G.; B. D. Huse, 
 Guar.; Peter Terrill, S.; S. J. Allen, J., Med. Ex.; Tmstees, A. B. French, W. 
 H. Brooks, G. L. TarbeU. 
 
 The lodge now comprises twenty-three members and is in a flourishing condi- 
 tion. It is a beneficiary, fi-aternal institution, and holds monthly meetings on 
 the fourth Friday of each month. Since the organization of Lodge 1671, three 
 members have died, whose families have been promptly paid the death benefit. 
 
 ODD FELLOWS. 
 
 Myrtle Lodge, No. 27, was instituted Sept. 29, 1887; the charter was gi-anted 
 same date. The charter members were James G. Harvey, Wesley P. Davis, W. 
 H. Laird, C. H. Hackett, David A. Perrin, L. E. Kent and John L. Bacon. 
 
 The first officers were as follows: — W. P. Davis, N. G.; J. G. Harvey, V. G.; 
 
 D. A. Pen-in, R. Sec'y; L. E. Kent, Per Sec'y; J. L. Bacon, Treasurer and acting 
 P. G.; G. F. Flanders, R. S. N. G.; G. F. Blanchard, L. S. N. G.; F. S. Hatch, 
 R. S. V. G.; Charles Brown, L. S. V. G.; C. H. Hackett, Warden; W. S. Laird, 
 Conductor; J. A. Cooper, Inside Guard; C. S. Wilson, Outside Guard; D. S. 
 Ashley, R. S. S.; L. A. Gibbs, L. S. S.; L. D. Wheeler, Chaplain. Hall in Smith's 
 block. Main Street, W. R. Junction. 
 
 This society has one of the finest halls in Vermont. The architect was F. A. 
 Davis of Lebanon; the builder, W. P. Morse, W. R. Junction. The entire wood- 
 work is of Southern Pine with oil finish. The walls are handsomely frescoed. 
 The furniture is upholstered with old gold and maroon crushed plush. The car- 
 pet is velvet plush. The suite of rooms are light, airy, commodious and elegant 
 in design and finish. The regaUa of the lodge is like that of other subordinate 
 lodges — beautiful and highly attractive. 
 
 GOOD TEMPLARS. 
 
 A lodge of Good Templars was organized in Hartford village on Wednesday, 
 February 18, 1874. The following account of the proceedings of the first meet- 
 ing is copied from the records of the lodge: — 
 
 " Pursuant to notice given the following persons met at Masonic Hall on Wed- 
 nesday evening, February 18, 1874, for the purpose of organizing a lodge of 
 Good Templars, viz: — Mr. and Mrs. S. E. Pingree, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. French, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ephraim Morris, Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Bugbee, Mr. and Mrs. 
 A. L. Pease, Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Madden, Miss E. L. Brooks, Miss May French, 
 Messrs. Luther Pease, H. H. Bemis, H. C. Pease, W. F. Johnson, Lewis Burton, 
 
 E. W. Tinkham, H. H. Peck, Alfred Watson. 
 
 After explanations and remarks by the G. W. C. T. , Col. Mead and others, 
 regarding the object of the society, obligations, etc., Bro. Mead proceeded, with 
 the assistance of Brothers Levi Belknap and EUis, to organize a lodge of Good 
 Templars to be known as Hardf ord Lodge, No. 179, I. O. G. T. After being duly 
 obligated and initiated the lodge proceeded to the election of offioei's with the 
 following results: — 
 
314 HISTORY OF HARTFOBD. 
 
 W. C. T., S. E. P'ingree. W. I. G., Miss Mary French. 
 
 W. V. T., Mrs. E. Morris. W. O. G., E. M. Madden. 
 
 W. S., A. L. Pease. W. D. M., Miss E. L. Brooks. 
 
 W. F. S., E. W. Tinkham. W. A. S., Mrs. J. W. Frencli. 
 
 W. T., Mi-s. S. E. Pingree. R. H. S., Mrs. J. Bugbee. 
 
 W. C, H. H. Bemis. L. H. S., Mrs. A. L. Pease. 
 
 W. M., E. W. Morris. P. W. C. T., Luther Pease. 
 
 After election the officers were duly installed by G. W. C. T. Mead, as G. W. 
 M. The W. C. T. appointed a committee of three members to confer with a like 
 number from the Masonic Lodge in reference to renting their haU; also to nego- 
 tiate with the proprietor of the (public) house for entrance thereto. 
 
 A. L. PEASE, Secretary. 
 
 During the tirst eighteen months of its existence this lodge was in a flourishing 
 condition, but by degrees the interest at first manifested in the meetings subsided, 
 and, as early as September 6th, 1875, the beginning of the end of the existence of 
 the lodge became apparent. The number of members was then fifty-nine. Dec. 
 13th, 1875, Mr. E. W. Morris offered the following resolution:—" Resolved, That 
 this lodge suiTender its chai'ter and dissolve." This was not carried, but Dec. 
 27th, 1875, the lodge unanimously voted to dissolve. 
 
 In January, 1879, a movement was made to organize another lodge of 
 Good Templars. On the 10th of January, H. M. Bryant, State .Deputy, 
 organized a lodge known as " Friendship Lodge, No. 179." This lodge 
 had a short-lived existence. The records of the lodge do not disclose 
 the causes that led to its dissolution. It is stated, however, that utility 
 to the cause of temperance was not the rule of action with many mem- 
 bers of the lodge, and that their conduct brought reproach upon the 
 lodge, which hastened its dissolution. 
 
CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 THE WAE OP 1812. 
 
 War with England was declared by act of Congress of June 18, 1812. 
 Two months previous, April 10, 1812, Congress authorized the Presi- 
 dent to detach 100,000 militia to be organized and held in readiness to 
 march at a minute's notice, and to serve six months after arriving at the 
 place of rendezvous. May 28, 1812, the Secretary of War appointed 
 3,000 to Vermont. On the 1st of May, 1812, Gov. Galusha ordered and 
 directed that this detachment of Vermont militia should form one brig- 
 ade to consist of four regiments, to be formed into ten companies each 
 — eight of infantry, one of artillery, and one of cavalry — and to be fur- 
 nished from the several militia divisions, including that to which the 
 militia of Hartford belonged. 
 
 There is no evidence in our town records of the existence of a mili- 
 tary organization in the town prior to June, 1813. Nevertheless, it is a 
 fact that for many years before this time, in conformity to the laws of 
 the State, all the able-bodied citizens of the town between the ages of 
 18 and 45, were enrolled members of the militia, and that, at least, two 
 companies of infantry had existed in the town for several years before 
 the war of 1812. The order of Gov. Galusha was respoiided to promptly, 
 and, doubtless, the detached militia that marched to the defence of 
 Plattsburgh, comprised members of the militia of Hartford. Nov. 6, 
 1812, the Legislature passed " an act to provide for the raising of a vol- 
 unteer corps, for the service of the United States," consisting of sixty- 
 four companies of infantry, two of artillery, and two of cavalry, to be 
 divided into brigades, for which the governor and council appointed the 
 necessary officers. 
 
 Among the captains of infantry elected for this corps, was Lionel 
 UdaU of Hartford. This corps probably consisted of persons who were 
 exempt from military duty — "friends to their country, and its Constitu- 
 tion, to internal peace, quiet, and good order," — ia brief, a police for the 
 suppression of insurrection, repelling invasion, etc. 
 
 I regret that complete rolls of the detached militia of Hartford, and 
 her volunteers, both officers and privates, in the war of 1812, cannot be 
 given in this history. These rolls are not in our State archives, and, if 
 they are deposited in Washington, they are not obtainable except by a 
 tedious process of circumlocution, which renders the attempt impraoti- 
 cabl e. / 
 
316 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 By reference to "Book A" of Hartford town records,.! find the first 
 and only records to be found relating to military organizations in the 
 town. These records were written by Freegrace Leavitt, and are as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 " Hartland, June 36, 1813.— This certifies that the following persons belonging 
 to Hartford, viz: — 
 
 WUUam Waite, Timothy Eldi-idge, 
 
 Bani Udall, Andrew Newton, 
 
 Elihu Ransom, Reuben Demmon, 
 
 Chauncey Gates, Royal Claverly, 
 
 Daniel King, Jr. , Zebina Turner, 
 
 Joshua Cushman, Jr., Theodore Gallup, 
 
 Abel Dunklee, Jonathan P. Barron, 
 
 Daniel O. GiUett, Christopher Pease, Jr. 
 
 Jacob Hall, Jr. 
 are equipt members of the first company of cavalry in the squadron in the brig- 
 ade of the fourth division of the State of Vermont. 
 
 Hartford, Feb. 13, 1814. ) Attest: H. ROOD, Captain. 
 
 The foregoing is a true copy [ 
 
 of the original record. ) Attest: FREEGRACE LEAVITT, Town Clerk." 
 
 Eighth company, first regiment, first brigade, and fourth division, 
 Vermont militia, June 1st, 1813. The following ofiicers and soldiers be- 
 longing to said company, appeared on the military parade completely 
 equipped as the law directs for the annual training in June: — 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Adino UdaU, 
 Urnan Bramble, 
 James Udall. 
 Sergeants^-Elihu King, Absolom Ball. 
 Corporals — Bela Wright, David Colburn 3d. 
 Music — Jeremiah Rust, Alvan Bailey, Winthrop CiUey. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Joshua Dewey, Jr., David Matson, Jacob Gile, 
 
 Warren Stannard, Thomas King, Thomas Turner, 
 
 Elisha Hutchinson, Matthew Rust, Asa Woodward, Jr., 
 
 Timothy Lester, Jonathan Pitkin, Jonathan Wilson, 
 
 Levi Coburn, Jason Hager, Joel Dimmick, 
 
 Isaac Burtch, RosweU Marsh, James Wood. 
 
 Amos Richardson, 
 
 A true return. Attest: ADINO UDALL, Capt. 
 
 Hartford, Feb. 13, 1814. ) 
 
 The foregoing is a true copy [ Attest: FREEGRACE LEAVITT, Town Clerk, 
 of the original return. ) 
 
 State of Vermont ^ I^*"™ of the Militia equipt in the 3d company 4th 
 ■ S division, 1st regiment, 1st brigade. 
 
 Levi Haven, Lewis Savage, Wm. Pixley, 3d, 
 
 Dan Hazen, David Trumbull, Luther Bartholomew, Jr., 
 
 James H. Delano, Harvey D. Noble, OranFox, 
 
 Ezra Hazen, John D. Hazen, Wm. Savage, 
 
 Daniel Newton, Philo Sprague, Daniel Clark, 
 
 Benj. Pixley, Jr., Geo. E. Wales, Elihu Walker, 
 
 Ira Tenney, Harry Richardson, Flavel Nye, 
 
 Hastings Savage, Stilman Hazen, John Thurstin, 
 
 Abiathan Austin, Jr. , Sheldon Newton, Stephen Thurston, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 317 
 
 Jonathan Bugbee, Jr., Daniel Strong, Jolin Tiacy, 
 
 Sheldon Bartholomew, Reuben Dunham, Osman Pixley, 
 
 Joseph H. Kneeland, Franklin Hazen, John Hazen, 
 
 John Fuller, Samuel Atwell, SUas Dutton. = 41. 
 
 Justin Smith, Lyman Hazen, 
 
 Hartford, June 27, 1813. Attest, Levi Hazen, Capt. 
 
 Hai-tford, Feb. 13, 1814. ) 
 
 The foregoing is a true [ Attest, FREEGRACB LEAVITT, Town Clerk, 
 copy of the original return. ) 
 
 An act of the General Assembly, Nov. 9, 1812, directed the mode of 
 detaching the militia for service in the war, and required the selectmen 
 of each town in the State to furnish the non-commissioned officers, 
 musicians and privates of their respective towns with arms and equip- 
 ments, if unable to arm and equip themselves, also a knapsack, and 
 blanket to each, also camp utensils, cartridges, flints, rations sufficient 
 for each detachment to rendezvous, and transportation for necessary 
 baggage. 
 
 By reference to a book known as " The Selectmen's Book," which is 
 used by that board of officers, principally for the record of orders drawn 
 by them on the town treasurer for the liquidation of sundry expense 
 bills, I find the following items relating to the war of 1812-13-14 : — 
 
 Oct. 5, 1812 — Gave Mr. Benjamin Stead an order on the treasurer for 
 one dollar and twelve cents for his cutting and making knapsacks for 
 the men detached for the service of the United States. 
 
 February, 1813 — Paid Benjamin Warner one dollar town money for 
 digging a grave for the soldier who died at Widow Bennett's. Also 
 paid Lake Eobinson for the use of his gun by Elisha Hutchinson to 
 Burlington. 
 
 March 2, 1813 — Gave Mr. Elisha Walker an order for twenty-one 
 dollars and fifty cents, it being for cartridge-boxes, bayonet belts, and 
 scabbards, strapping, canteens, &c. 
 
 March 6, 1813 — Gave an order to Samuel Horr, for baking bread, 
 making knapsacks for soldiers, $2.39. 
 
 March 25, 1813— Gave Frederick Mosher an order on the treasurer 
 for nine dollars and thirty cents, it being for articles for Huron Patter- 
 son, and two blankets for the drafted mihtia. 
 
 Gave Levi Bellows an order for twenty- eight dollars and sixty-three 
 cents, it being for articles said Bellows found for the detached miiitia 
 at Burlington. 
 
 Gave Col. Wm Perry an order for sixteen dollars and one cent, it 
 being the amount of his account for serving warnings providing for 
 Thomas Patterson, and pork for the detached militia. 
 
 Gave Levi Demmon an order for twelve dollars for the gun bought 
 of him for the use of the detached militia. 
 
 April 5, 1813 — Gave Joab Dimmick an order for fifteen dollars, it 
 being for 'a gun bought of him for the detached militia to Burhngton. 
 
318 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 Gave Matthew Eansom an order for $1.46, it being for necessaries h( 
 found Solomon Lombard's family while said Lombard was gone tc 
 Burlington in the detached militia. 
 
 April 12, 1813 — Gave Eleazer Davis an order for thirteen dollars foi 
 a gun bayonet bought of him for the detached militia. 
 
 February 23d, 1814 — Gave the selectmen of Norwich an order foi 
 " 3.90, being for one-half of the expense of baggage wagon to carry th« 
 baggage of the detached militia of Norwich and Hartford to Burlington 
 
 Dec. 30, 1814 — Gave Horace Oobley an order for $3.00 for a bayonel 
 lost and damage to gun in the militia service in Burlington. 
 
 April 13, 181 — Gave Roger Gillett an order on the treasurer foi 
 $64.40, for which said Gillett paid and took up a note against the select 
 men given for powder bought for this town by Elijah Mason, Elam 
 Brooks and Luther Bartholomew (selectmen). 
 
 By the act of Nov. 1813, the Auditor of Accounts against the State 
 was authorized to draw orders on the State Treasurer for the pay 
 provided for in sec. lO of the act of Nov, 9, 1812, and also for the ex- 
 penses of selectmen incurred under sec. 2 of the same act. The follow- 
 ing voucher for supplies furnished by the selectmen of Hartford, was 
 found in the Vermont Historical Society's collection of papers relating 
 to the military operations of 1812, viz.: — 
 
 MILITARY EXPENDITURES OP VERMONT. 
 
 September 1812. — The selectmen of Hartford for supplies furnished the militia 
 detatohed from said town. 
 
 3 bushels wheat, $4.00. Baking bread, 75c § 4 75 
 
 86a>s pork, $10.75. 43i11>s cheese, $3.54. ) 
 
 5 gallons of gia at fl.OO. ) 19.2£ 
 
 One-half expense 2 horses, wagon, man, etc., and one-half 
 
 expense of one horse wagon, man, etc. , iu transporting 
 
 baggage to Burlington, 90 miles 20.00 
 
 Received an order on the treasurer for the same. $44 04 
 
 Paid, April 1814, DANIEL MARSH, $44.04. 
 
 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 At the opening of the late civil war Vermont had no military organiza- 
 tion of an effective character, — nothing better than a few unskilled com- 
 panies of uniformed militia in some of her principal villages. The laws 
 of the State requiring the listers to make returns of citizens who wer« 
 subject to do military duty was not properly observed. Consequently, 
 when it became evident that a requisition for troops might be made 
 upon Vermont, the Go\ ernor of the State found no reliable data as to 
 the number of citizens enrolled under the provisions of the law. He 
 therefore issued an order, dated January 25th, 1861, requiring the 
 officers charged with the duty, to make returns of the enrolled militia 
 and at the same time he issued a general order requiring the command 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 319 
 
 ing officers of the uniformed militia companies to adopt measures for 
 filling vacancies, and to have their men properly drilled and uniformed. 
 But a few companies complied, and but little was accomplished, until 
 the people were awakened to a lively sense of their duty and responsi- 
 bility by the requisition received by telegraph, from the Secretary of 
 war upon the Governor of Vermont, April 15, 1861, for one regiment 
 of infantry, being the quota for Vermont of the 75,000 troops called for 
 by President Lincoln's proclamation of that date. 
 
 Gov. Fairbanks immediately issued a proclamation for a special ses- 
 sion of the Legislature, and also orders for detailing ten companies 
 from the uniformed militia, and for furnishing the regiment with its 
 outfit. The Legislature assembled at the capitol April 23d, when Gov. 
 Fairbanks delivered an address before the joint assembly upon the 
 duties of the citizens of Vermont to rally at once for the protection of 
 the Union and the integrity of the general government, and then 
 informed the assembly that under the call for the militia of the several 
 states of the Union, the quota required of Vermont was one regiment 
 of seven hundred and eighty officers and privates. 
 
 '' On the 25th, the Legislature passed an act appropriating $1,000,000 
 for arming, &c., the militia of Vermont ; and on the 26th, certain other 
 acts were passed, for organizing and paying the above named regiment, 
 also, " an act to provide for raising six special regiments for immediate 
 service for protecting and defending the constitution and Union." The 
 responsibility of raising, organizing, equipping, arming and subsisting 
 the regiments was placed in the hands of the Governor, with authority 
 to draw his warrants on the State treasurer for all expenditures. The 
 Legislature adjourned on the 27th, and on the same day a general order 
 was issued by the commander-in-chief, designating the companies de- 
 tailed for the first regiment, and requiring them to hold themselves in 
 readiness to march to the place of rendezvous, to be thereafter desig- 
 nated, on twenty-four hours' notice. 
 
 On the 2d day of May, the first regiment was mustered in Rutland 
 under the command of Col. J. W. Phelps and Lieut. P. T. Washburn, 
 and on the 9th it left its encampment for Old Point Comfort. On the 
 7th of May commissions were issued for recruiting the 2d and 3d regi- 
 ments of volunteers for three years' service, or during the war. These 
 regiments were quickly filled and were mustered, the 2d in Burlington, 
 and the 3d in St. Johnsbury. The 2d regiment under the command of 
 Col. Henry Whiting and Lieut.-Col. G. F. Stannard, left their encamp- 
 ment for Washington city, June 24th, and, not one month later, partici- 
 pated in the battle of Bull Run, and there suffered the loss of sixty-six 
 
330 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 men, in killed, wounded and prisoners. The 2d and 3d regiments were 
 armed with Enfield rifle muskets. 
 
 The history of the 3d re.giment is of greater interest to the people of 
 Hartford than that of any other Vermont regiment for the reason that 
 Co. F was composed largely of soldiers raised in this town.. The 3d 
 regiment remained in camp in St. Johnsbury until the 24th of July. 
 During the time of their encampment in that place, there were between 
 200 and 300 oases of measles, and about fifty men were unfit for service 
 when the regiment was ordered to the front. The regiment, under the 
 command of Col. W. F. Smith, and Lient.-Col. B. N. Hyde, arrived in 
 "Washington city July 2'7th, and was at once ordered forward to Chain 
 Bridge. Here the men did important service in making rifle-pits and 
 forming intrenchments on the Maryland side of the Potomac, and were 
 subsequently sent into Virginia without tents, being near the enemy, 
 and for ten consecutive days and nights bivouacked while constructing 
 the abattis and earth-works at Fort Marcy. 
 
 Company F went to the front in command of Capt. T. O. Seaver, 
 1st Lieut. Samuel E. Pingree ^nd 2d Lieut. Edward A. Chandler. For 
 a roster of the volunteers from the town during the civil war the reader 
 is referred to the abstract taken from Adjutant General Washburn's 
 report, which follows the record of the municipal legislation of the 
 town, on this subject. 
 
 During the war of the rebellion, the military record of Hartford 
 compared favorably with that of any other town in the State. Every 
 encouragement was offered to the general government, every call for 
 troops was freely and promptly responded to. There were rebel sym- 
 pathizers in the town, but these were men of but little intelligence, and 
 were regarded with feelings of pity rather than of contempt. The 
 board of selectmen, consisting of A. G. Dewey, Thaddeus Dutton and 
 Daniel O. Gillett, was an able and efficient one — the right men in the 
 right place, and they were generously and enthusiastically supported 
 by the majority of the leading citizens of the town, notably among 
 whom were Samuel E. Pingree, William S. Carter, Daniel Needham, 
 Dr. J. H. Piatt and Darius Eust. At the request of S. E. Pingree, 
 T. O. Seaver was sent to Hartford as a recruiting officer, but not until 
 Mr. Pingree and others had succeeded in securing over eighty men for 
 service, fifty-seven of whom were citizens of this town.. Enlistments 
 were commenced May 8th, 1861.' 
 
 ' The original roll of enlistments for Co. F, Third Regt. Vt. Vols, is on file in 
 the custody of Hon. S E. Pingree, Town Clerk of Hartford. One hundred and 
 thirty-three signatures appear on said roll, of which number 104 were affixed be- 
 fore the company was. mustered into service ; the balance were added after the 
 company went to the front. Many were rejected on surgeon's examination. 
 
HISTOIJY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 831 
 
 In order to show what action was taken by this town to furnish its 
 quota of men for military service during the rebellion, it is deemed 
 proper to quote from the records of the town, every act of municipal 
 legislation by the town during that eventful period, together with com- 
 plete rolls of all men furnished by the town, as shown by the report of 
 the Adjutant General of the State. This with the records of the Hart- 
 ford Memorial Association, will serve as a valuable memorial for all 
 
 On receipt of the news of the bombardment of Port Sumpter, the cit- 
 izens of the town manifested their patriotism by taking measures to 
 form a volunteer company of infantry ready to respond to the first call 
 of the President for troops. The following is a copy of the written 
 agreement entered into on that occasion and the names of the subscrib- 
 ers thereto, viz : — 
 
 We, the undersigned, hereby agree to aid in forming, and to enlist in what- 
 ever uiiiform.ed Volunteer Company of Infantry shall be organized, or proposed 
 to be organized by and pursuant to the directions of the Governor and Adjutant 
 General pf the State of Vermont, witloin the limits of the Town of Hartford and 
 towns adjoining ; hereby engaging to give oiu- earnest support to the formation 
 of such company uutU the same shall be organized and ofBcered according to 
 law. 
 
 S. E. Pingree, 
 
 E. W. Morris, 
 J. H. Piatt, Jr., 
 S. E. Cliflford, 
 
 F. Gallagher, 
 G«o. F. Bemis, 
 Reuben L. Barron, 
 Thomas McHugh, 
 H. S. Button, 
 Chas. B. Carhn, 
 Delanney Sharp, 
 James Welch, 
 
 N. J. Whitcomb, 
 L. A. Rider, 
 David N. Winslow, 
 CorneUous Robinson, 
 Wm. O. Pitkin, 
 H. P. Abbott. 
 Bernard McCabe, 
 Wm. P. Winslow, 
 Philander Kemp, 
 
 T. C. Curtis, 
 Edward Lyman, . 
 Robert Orr, 
 Jas. H. Tracy, Jr., 
 S. P. Roberts, (music) 
 H. S. Holt, 
 Frank G. MorriU, 
 Jno. S. Brockway, 
 S. H. Hamblet, 
 H. B. Porter, 
 B. Welch, 
 Austin Brockway, 
 StUhnan N. Smith, 
 Jas. E. Morse, 
 John Lymaugh, 
 Thomas H. Fargo, 
 Leander Spauldlng, 
 P. V. Thomas, 
 Chas. T. Tilden, 
 Geo. Kabbee, 
 Yusebe Faneuf, 
 
 Edward Trask, 
 Peter TerriU, 
 John Cuthbert, 
 Chas. S. Barber, 
 H. H. Daniels, 
 Horace Badger, 
 Frank E. Reed, 
 Horace French, 
 Henry Davidson, 
 Jared Smith, 
 Austin W. Barrett, 
 John H. WUdrow, 
 Henry C. Alexander, 
 Aleck Miles, 
 Amos Stevens, 
 R. A. Pixley, 
 J. W. Norton, 
 Louis BrunneU, 
 James Gallup, 
 Fred E. Blaisdale, 
 Edward Richards. 
 
 MUNICIPAL LEGISLATION, 1861-67. 
 
 At a special town meeting held August 16th, 1862, the town voted 
 to ratify the action of the selectmen in offering a bounty of fifty dol- 
 lars to each able-bodied man who should, on, or before Aug. 15th, 1862, 
 enlist into the service of the United States, the bounty to be paid when 
 he was accepted and mustered into service. (Twenty -four men had 
 
 21 
 
do 
 
 3d do 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 4th do 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 5th do 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 6th do 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 ^7th do 
 ■f 
 the town ratified 
 
 
 
 33, 
 
 all 
 
 former 
 
 333 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 already enlisted.) It was also voted that the selectmen should continue 
 to pay $50.00 bounty, and guarantee the payment of seven dollars per 
 month to each soldier, if the State failed to. It having been suggested 
 by the selectmen that the additional number of volunteers called for 
 would be at least thirty-three, offers to pay the required bounty were 
 made as follows : John Porter, $5.00 each to the first five volunteers. 
 
 A. G. Dewey, $5.00 each to 2d five. 
 
 Daniel Needham, 
 
 Justin Paddleford, 
 
 C. S. Hamilton, 
 
 N. B. Safford, 
 
 Asa Hazen, 
 
 At the annual March meeting, li 
 doings of the selectmen in paying bounties and other expenses in rais- 
 ing and forwarding volunteers for the Seventh and Sixteenth regi- 
 ments of Vermont, and making provisions for paying the same. 
 
 At a special meeting held August 8th, 1863, the town instructed the 
 selectmen to pay the sum of $300 to each drafted man who faight go 
 to the war from this town, or furnished an acceptable substitute, to be 
 paid on his being mustered in. 
 
 At a special meeting Nov. 28, 1863, the selectmen were instructed to 
 raise the quota of men assessed- by general order of Nov. 2d inst., and 
 pay a bounty not to exceed $300, and pledge the credit of the town for 
 the money ; and also, voted to raise an extra tax of fifty cents on the 
 dollar toward paying said bounty. 
 
 At the annual town meeting in March, 1864, the town voted to pay 
 drafted men who entered the United States service, furnished substi- 
 tutes, or paid commutation, $325 each, upon surrendering the dis- 
 charges, and becoming legally liable to another draft within thirty days 
 — otherwise the sum of $100 each. Also authorized selectmen to offer 
 $300 bounty until March, 1865. 
 
 At a special meeting, Aug. 9th, 1864, the selectmen were instructed 
 to procure the men to fill the town's quota for the last call for 500,000 
 men, the amount of bounty, time of service, and way of raising the 
 money to pay bounties being left discretionary with the selectmen. It 
 was voted to raise 200 cents on the dollar. 
 
 At the March meeting in 1867, A. G. Dewey, Wm. S. Carter and Col. 
 S. E. Pingree were elected a committee to inquire into, and report as to 
 who had been paid for going to the war, or sending substitutes ; also as 
 to those who went for nothing, and as to how much each class ought to 
 be paid 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 323 
 
 In due time said committee reported — 1st. " That early in the war 
 some fifty-seven men volunteered and were credited to the quota of the 
 town and served honorably — receiving no town bounty ; 2d. Soon 
 after twenty more volunteered and went in like manner, receiving a 
 town bounty of fifty dollars each. 
 
 3d That still later some twenty-five men more were drafted, and 
 sent substitutes. 
 
 4th. That three men paid commutation." 
 
 The committee recommended that above named receive the following 
 sums: — 1st class in order named $100 each 
 2d class '• " " 50 each 
 
 3d " " " " 125 each 
 
 4th " " " " 100 each, 
 
 and that the amount required for said purpose would not exceed the 
 sum of $9200. The report of the committee was tabled. 
 
 The following roster of volunteers from the town during the civil 
 war, is taken from Adjutant General Washburn's reports-: 
 
 ROSTER or OFFICERS, THIRD REGIMENT, THREE TEARS. 
 
 Samuel E. Pingree.— Com. 1st Lieut. Co. F, May 24, 1861 ; Pro. 
 Capt. Co. F, Aug. 13, 1861 ; wounded severely April 16, 1862 ; Pro. 
 major Sept. 27, 1862 ; Br. Lt. Col.- Jan'y 15, 1863 ; mustered out of ser- 
 vice July 27th, 1864. 
 
 Horace French.— Private, Co. F. May 10, 1861; Sergt., July 16, 
 1861 ; 2d Lieut. Co. F, Jan'y 15, 1863 ; Trans, to Co. B, July 25, 1864 ; 
 Pro. Capt. Co. K, Mch. 28, 1865 ; mustered out of service, July 11, 
 1865. 
 
 Frank E. Kew.— Private, Co. F, May 10, 1861 ; Sergt., July 16, 1861 ; 
 Eegt. Qr. Mr. Sergt. July 1, 1862 ; 2d Lieut. Co. E, Nov. 10, 1862 ; 
 1st Lieut. Co B, Jan'y 15, 1863 ; mustered out, July 27, 1864. 
 
 Philip V. Thomas.— Private, Co. P, May 10, 1861 ; 1st Sergt., July 
 16, 1861 ; resigned Oct. 18, 1862. 
 
 ROSTER OF OFFICERS POTTRTH REGIMENT, THREE YEARS. 
 
 Samuel J. Allen. — Surgeon, commissioned Aug. 15, 1861 ; mustered 
 out of service, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 James H. Platt. — ^^Com. Capt. Co. B, Aug. 30, 1861 ; taken prisoner 
 May 30, 1864 ; paroled and mustered out of service, Nov. 21, 1864. 
 
 ROSTER OF OFFICERS, SIXTH BEGT., THREE YEARS. 
 
 Sumner H. Lincoln. — Private Co. B, Sept. 17, 1861 ; corporal, Oct- 
 15, 1861 ; adjutant, Feb. 3, 1863; wounded. May 5, 1864, and Sept. 19, 
 1864 ; major, Oct. 21, 1864 ; Lieut.-Col., Jan. 7, 1865 ; Col., June 4,1865; 
 mustered out as Lieut.-Col., June 26, 1865. (The only person who rose 
 from a private to a colonel through all the grades in the regiment in 
 which he enlisted.) 
 
334 HISTORY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 EOSTEE or OFFICEES SEVENTH EEGT., THREE YEARS. 
 
 Mahlon M. Young. — Com. Capt. Co. H, Feb. 3, 1862 ; killed in action 
 at Mariana, Pla., Sept. 27, 1864 
 
 EOSTER ELEVENTH BEGT., FIEST BEGT. H. AEt't., FEOM DEC. 10, 1863. 
 
 Eli E. Haet.— Private Co. H, Aug. 7, 1862 ; 1st. Sergt., Oct. 23, 
 1863; 2d Lieut., Co. H, Dec. 28, 1863; wounded, June 1, 1864; 1st 
 Lieut., Co. M, May 13, 1865; mustered out as 2d Lieut., Co. H, June 
 24, 1865. 
 
 Edward Blaisdell. — Private Co. H, Aug. 7, 1862 ; corporal, Dec. 12, 
 1862 ; Sergt., May 22, 1863 ; 1st Sergt., June 22, 1864 ; mustered out as 
 1st Sergt , June 24, 1864. 
 
 EOSTEE OF OFFICERS SIXTEENTH EEGT., NINE MONTHS MEN. 
 
 Joseph C. Sa-wyer. — Com. Capt. Co. H, Sept. 18, 1862; resigned Dee. 
 26, 1862. 
 
 ROSTER OF OFFICERS FIRST EEGT. CAVALEY, THREE YEARS. 
 
 Andrew J. Geovee. — Com. 1st Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 16, 1861; Capt. Co. 
 K, Feb. 1st, 1863; wounded, May 5, 1864; Pro. major, July 7, 1864; 
 mustered out Nov. 18, 1864. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS FOR THEEB YEARS CEBDITED PREVIOUS TO CALL FOR 300,000 
 
 volunteees of OCT. 17, 1863 : 
 Name. Co. Eegt. When Enlisted. Wlien Discharged. 
 
 Abbott, Nathan A_ H -11 Aug. 8, '63 
 
 Deserted Sept. 13, 1864. 
 Adams, Cyrus A H BB Apiil 17, '63 June 39, '65 
 
 Brigade band. 
 Bailey, Wm. W H 11, Aug. 7, '63 July 24, '65 
 
 Wounded; in general hospital, Aug. 31, '64. 
 Bartholomew, Albert F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Died June 28, '64, of wounds received in action. 
 Bartholomew, Harvey B 4 . Aug. 19, '61 Sept. 30, '64 
 
 Bemis, Geo. F F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Died May 8, '64, of wounds received in action. 
 Buel, Oliver B 6 Dec. 10, '63 
 
 Date of enlistment not given. 
 Caraway, Joseph L 11 June 15, '63 May 13, '65 
 
 Carltn, Charles F 3 June 1, '61 May 15, '63 
 
 Clark, Benj.E H 11 Aug. 7, '63 June 34, '65 
 
 Clement, Oliver B 4 Aug. 33, '61 
 
 Wagoner; trans, to Inr. Corps, July 27, '63. 
 Courser, Robert B 4 Aug. 10, '61 May 3, '62 
 
 Curtis, Geo. A E 1st Cav. Oct. 11, '61 Oct. 19, '64 
 
 Curtis, Timothy C H 7 Nov. 25, '61 
 
 Pro. Sergt., Oct. 1, '63. 
 Cuthibert, John F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Killed near Funkstown, Md., July 10, '63. 
 Daniels, Henry H F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Not accounted for. 
 Davidson, Henry F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Deserted Jan. 4, '62. 
 Demmon, Levi Jr _. F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Deserted July 27, '63. 
 Downer, W. H F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Killed at Lee's Mills, April 16, '62. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Name. Co. Eegt. Wliea Enlisted. 
 
 Drake, Henry S H 11 Aug. 8, '63 
 
 Sick In general hospital, Aug. 31, '64. 
 
 Dutton, Horace 8 H 11 Aug. 7, '63 
 
 Died In Florence, S. C. 
 
 Field,. Wm. A B 6 Sept. 16, '61 
 
 French, Arthur M H 11 Aug. 8, '63 
 
 Gallagher, Francis F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Killed near North Anna river, May 20, '64. 
 
 Gallup, James _, F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Oilman, James R B 6 Aug. 36, '61 
 
 Gorham,Isaac B 4 Mch. 18, '62 
 
 Recruit; deserted April 26, '63. 
 
 Greenwood, Jno. F... H 11 Aug. 7, '63 
 
 Died Jan. 3, '64. 
 
 Hardy, Geo. W K 4 Aug. 36, '61 
 
 Harvey, Jno. S __. H 11 Aug. 7, '63 
 
 HiU, Chas. H C 6 Feb. 25, '63 
 
 Hunt,Lyman _ H 11 Aug. 8, '62 
 
 Killed by accident when on guard Dec. 9, '62. 
 
 Kibbee, Charles F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Kabbee, Ed. W :.... K 4 Aug. 37, '61 
 
 Kibbee, George F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Killed at Lee's Mills, April 16, '62. 
 
 Knowles, CroweU M H 11 July 31, '63 
 
 Died at Andersonville, Sept. 16, '64. 
 Lyman, Edwaxd _ F 1 S. S. Sept. 11, '61 
 
 Pro. Corp. Aug. 75, '63; died June 25, '64. 
 
 McHugh, Thomas F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Pro. Corp. ; re-enUsted Dee. 21, '63. 
 
 Messer, Moses F 3 Nov. 20, '61 
 
 Miles, AlvinN B 4 A-ug. 10, '61 
 
 Miner, Joseph C H 4 Mch. 13, '62 
 
 MorriU, French, _ F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 KiUed-atXee's Mills, April 16, '62. 
 
 Norton, Joseph W F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Deserted March 26, '63. 
 
 Orr, Robert /. F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Died April 15, "62. 
 
 Parker, Sam'l S H 11 Aug. 4, '62 
 
 Died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 26, '64. 
 
 Pierce, Oscar C 6 Mch. 30, '63 
 
 Ke-enlisted Mch. 31, '64, Pro. Corp. May 12, '65. 
 
 Pierce, Sydney H 11 Aug. 4, '63 
 
 Pro. Corp. 
 
 Powers, Chas. C H 11 Aug. 9, '63 
 
 Musician. 
 
 Richards, Ed. C _... F 3 Sept. 17, '61 
 
 Rider, Lucien A F 3 Nov. 15, '61 
 
 Died of wounds received in action May 15, '64. 
 
 Robinson, Samu'l F .-_. F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Rock, Wm. H F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Rowland,Ed. P F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Not accounted for. 
 
 Sharpe, Delancy - F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Deserted January 2, '62. 
 
 Sleeper, James M B 4 Aug. 14, '61 
 
 Sleeper, Martin V B 4 Aug. 24, '61 
 
 Ee-enllsted Feb. 16, '64, Pro. Corp. 
 
 335 
 
 When Discharged . 
 June 34, '65 
 
 Aug. 18, '65 
 
 Jan. 1, '63 
 
 Oct. 13, '61 
 
 Dec. 6, '63 
 
 July 13, '65 
 June 34, '65 
 Aug. 10, '63 
 
 July 27, '64 
 Deo. 34, '64 
 
 Feb. 31, '65 
 Mch. 32, '64 
 Sept. 30, '64 
 April 12, '65 
 
 June 26, '65 
 May 13, '65 
 June 24, '65 
 Sept. 17, '63 
 
 May 34, '63 
 Nov. 11, '62 
 
 Apr. 29, '62 
 July ,13, '65 
 
336 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Name Co. 
 
 Smith, Portus B. , Corporal.. H 
 
 Keg. When Enlisted. When Discharged 
 11 Aug. 7, '63 June 34, '65 
 
 Smith, Stillman N. F 
 
 Pro. Corporal. 
 
 Spaulding, Leander, Corporal F 
 
 Stafford, Wm E 
 
 Blacksmith, re-enllsted Dec. 28, '63. 
 
 Strong, Henry B. H 
 
 Terrell, Peter F 
 
 Ee enlisted Dec. -21, '93. 
 
 Thurston, Valoris E 
 
 Trask, Edward ' E 
 
 Wounded, in General Hospital Aug. 31, '6i. 
 
 Udall, Engedi B K 4 
 
 Died May 24, '63. 
 
 Washburne, H. M .- B 6 
 
 3 June 1, '61 
 
 3 June 1, '61 
 
 IstCav. Oct. 13, '61 
 
 11 Aug. 7, '62 
 
 8 June 1, '61 
 
 1st Cav. Sept. 35, '61 
 
 3d 8. S. Oct. 10, '61 
 
 Aug. 30, '61 
 
 July 11, '65 
 
 Feb. 26, '63 
 
 Aug. 9, '65 
 
 Feb. 6, '64 
 
 July 11, '65 
 
 Nov. 18, '64 
 
 Nov. 9, '64 
 
 Sept. 30, '61 June 36, '65 
 
 Re-enllsted Dec. 16, '63, Pro. Corp. Jan. 1, '65. Pro. Sargt, June 19, '65. 
 
 Webb, Chas. H.. H 7 Nov. 35, '61 
 
 Corporal. 
 
 Welch, Bartholomew F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Deserted March 24, '64. 
 
 Welch, James F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Weston, Edwin W_ H 11 Aug. 8, '62 
 
 Pro. Corp. July 26, '63; Serg't Jan. 23, '64; taken prisoner June 23 
 Sept. 16, '64. 
 
 Whitcomb, Nelson J F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Died in West Hartford. 
 
 Whitcomb, WilUs A F 3 June 1, '61 
 
 Died May 19, '62, of wounds received at Lee's Mills. 
 
 Willard, Wm. E H 11 Aug. 7, '63 
 
 Pro. Corp. Jan. 23, '64. Died Jan 8, '64 from wounds received in action. 
 
 Wright, Alexis.. F 3 Nov. 36, '61 July 23, '63 
 
 Feb. 35, '63 
 
 July 37, '64 
 
 64; died in prison 
 May 15, '63 
 
 White, Henry K H 
 
 Died June 3, '64. 
 
 11 
 
 Aug. 7, '63 
 
 CREDITS UNDER CALL OF OCI. 17, 1863, FOR 300,000 VOLUNTEERS, AND SUBSE- 
 QUENT CALLS FOR THREE TEARS. 
 
 Name. Co. 
 
 Austin, Abraham C 
 
 Died Apr. 20, '65. 
 
 Babcock, David C D 
 
 Missed in action May 10, '64. 
 
 Babcock, James M.. H 
 
 Prisoner June 24, '64. 
 
 Baker, William C 
 
 Kecrnit, trans, to Co. A, June 13, '65. 
 
 Beach, Chas. H E 
 
 Deserted Sept. 11, '64. 
 
 Boyd, Franklin H F 
 
 Killed in Wilderness May 5, '64. 
 
 Boyd, Kingsbury F 
 
 Brown, William F 
 
 Not accounted for. 
 Burdette, James E 
 
 Recruit, trans. Co. B, June 13, '65. 
 Burdick, O. F..._ D 
 
 Sick in GeneraJt Hospital June 29, '65. 
 Chaurain, Benj H 
 
 Died July 12, '64. 
 Cooke, Chester v.. H 
 
 Deserted before leaving the State. 
 Dew, Francis B 
 
 Sick in General Hospital Aug. 21, '64. 
 Douse, Lewis 1st Bat. 
 
 Died Mch. 20, '64. 
 Faneuf , Eli H 
 
 Died Jan. 5, '65. 
 
 Keg. 
 9 
 
 When Enlisted. 
 Dec. 30, '63 
 
 When Discharged. 
 
 6 
 
 Dec. 17, '63 
 
 
 11 
 
 Dec. 4, '63 
 
 June 34, '65 
 
 9 
 
 July 5, '64 
 
 Aug. 5, '65 
 
 1st Cav. 
 
 Sept. 2, '64 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 7, '63 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 7, '63 
 
 July 11, '65 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 10, '63 
 
 
 9 
 
 Dec. 25, '63 
 
 Aug. 5, '65 
 
 5 
 
 Dec. 35, '63 
 
 
 11 
 
 Dec. 5, '63 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 June 5, '64 
 Jan. 5, '64 
 
 Jime 38, '65 
 
 11 
 
 Dec. 15, '63 
 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 327 
 
 Name. Co. Reg. When Enlisted. When Discharged. 
 
 Fogg, Geo. E.._ _... F 3 Feb. 16, '64 May 31, '65 
 
 Fosia, Joseph ___ F 3 Dec. 34, '68 May 18, '65 
 
 FrankHn, S. B...- H 3d 8. S. Deo. 31, '63 July 13, '65 
 
 Trans, to Co. H, tth Vt , Volunteers, Feb. 25, '65. 
 
 Frost, Geo. B __. F 3 Feb. 10, '64 July 11, '65 
 
 Granger, Joseph D 17 Feb. 4, '64 
 
 Deserted Mch. 16, '64. 
 
 Hagar, Abraham D 5 Dec. 35, '63 Mch. 30, '65 
 
 Hand, Joseph D 17 Nov. 19, '63 Oct. 36, '64 
 
 Wounded. In General Hospital, Aug. 31, '64. 
 
 Hammer, J. C 9 
 
 Not in 9th, probahly a recruit. 
 
 Hammond, Leslie - _ _ 3d Bat. Aug. 13, '64 
 
 Unassigned recruit. Not accounted for. 
 
 Hill.Hial B 10 Dec. 13, '63 May 15, '65 
 
 Sick in General Hospital, Aug. 31, '64. 
 
 Hodsdon, Thomas C F 3 Jan. 5, '64 
 
 Died Aug. 13, '64, of wounds received at Spottsylvania. 
 
 Hoyt, Wm. B__ _... E 9 Dec. 17, '63 Aug. 5, '65 
 
 Trans, to Co. B, June 13, '65. 
 
 Hunt, John F 3 Deo. 25, '63 July 39, '65 
 
 Lawrence, M. B D 5 Dec. 35, '63 Mch. 8, '65 
 
 Loud, Geo. W A 9 Dec. 33, '63 Mch. 8, '65 
 
 Missed in action Feb. 2, '64. 
 
 Mitchell, Geo. N H 9 Dec. 29, '63 June 33, '65 
 
 Moses, Alonzo D D 9 Dec. 35, '63 June 32, '65 
 
 Died Sept. 17, '64. 
 
 Norton, Andrew H 3d Bat. Nov. 39, '64 June 15, '65 
 
 Rice, Felix _ " H 11 Feb. 11, '63 Aug. 35, '65 
 
 Trans. Co. B. June 34, '65. 
 
 Robinson, Dan'l M _ Feb. 1 1 , '63 Aug. 35 , '65 
 
 Robinson, John F 3 Nov. 15, '61 Aug. 35, '65 
 
 Not accounted for. 
 
 Shay, John O F 3 June 1, '61 Aug. 25, '65 
 
 No report of since muster roll. 
 
 Sheehe, Patrick A 9 Dec. 29, '63. Aug. 35, '65 
 
 Recruit. 
 
 Smith, Jason A 9 Dec. 31, '63 
 
 ' Not accounted for. 
 
 Stanhope, Obed A 9 Dec. 31, '63 July 18, '65 
 
 Waterman, D.P ___ _.. A 9 Dec. 31, '63 July 18, '65 
 
 Sick in General Hospital, Aug. 31, '64. 
 
 Waiard, Frank O H 11 Dec. 10, '63 
 
 Died June 7, '64. 
 
 "WiUs, Lewis T _ B 4 Nov. 38, '63 June 19, '65 
 
 Corporal. 
 
 Wrisley, Warren W F 17 Mch. 9, '64 June 34, '65 
 
 Wounded, in General Hospital Aug, 31, '64. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS FOR ONE YEAR. 
 
 Name. Co. Reg. When Enlisted. When Discharged. 
 
 Arnold, Lyman G 4 Sept. 7, '64 June 19, '65 
 
 Badger, Horace I 9 Aug. 33, '64 Sept. 24, '64 
 
 Brackett, Thomas G 4 Sept. 7, '64 June 19, '65 
 
 Brown, Nathan.-. G 16 Sept. 4, '63 Aug. 10, '63 
 
 Burns, Patrick .. _ -_.. I 9 Sept. 8, '64 
 
 Uuassigned recruit deserted Sept. 11 , '64. 
 
328 * HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Names. Co. Eeg. When Enlisted. When Discharged. 
 
 Cuthbert, Robert J E 1st Cav. Aug. 16, '64 May 30, '65 
 
 Unasslgued Eeorult. 
 
 Dean, Charles E 1st Cav. Aug. 19, '64 
 
 Deserted Sept. 16, '64. 
 
 Edwards, Lawrence..- Gr 4 Sept. 7, '64 
 
 Killed at Cedar Creek Oct. 19, '64. 
 
 Faneuf , Dostie. F 9 Aug. 10, '64 June 13, '65 
 
 Glidden, Milo H I 8 Mch. 16, '65 
 
 Deserted June 1st, '65. 
 Holt, Franklin I 9 Aug. 15, '64 June 13, '65 
 
 Kibbee, A. N I 10 Aug. 10, '64 June 13, '65 
 
 KimbaU, J. A B 10 
 
 Not acconnted for. 
 McKinley, Wm. H E Ist Cav. Sept. 6, '64 June 21, '65 
 
 McLeod, Daniel A 1st Cav. Aug. 16, '64 June 21, '65 
 
 Munfae, Fi-ancis E 1st Cav. Sept. 1, '64 June 21, '65 
 
 Pitkin LeviC I 9 Aug. 15, '64 June 13, '65 
 
 Trans. Co. C, 3d Vt. Vols , Jan. 20, '65. 
 Pitkin Wm. O I 9 Aug. 18, '64 Oct. 8, '64 
 
 Pollard, W. H .... 3d Bat. Aug. 34, '64 June 15, '65 
 
 Porter, Carlos S... G 9 Aug. 11 , '64 June 13, '65 
 
 Porter, Wm.B G 9 Aug. 22, '64 June 13, '65 
 
 Streeter, Warren G 4 Sept. 7, '64 June 19, '65 
 
 Swinburn, Geo G 4 Sept. 7, '64 June 19, '65 
 
 Tambliu, Geo. H.... G 4 Sept. 3, '64 
 
 Died May 22, '65. 
 Thomas, John E 1st Cav. Deo. 36, '63 
 
 Assigned to Co. D. Deserted Nov. 12, '64. 
 Wan-en , Wallace B.... I 9 Aug. 10, '64 June 13, '65 
 
 Williams, Jno E 1st Cav. Nov. 25, '62 Aug. 4, '65 
 
 Trans, to V. E. C. March 2, '64. 
 Robinson, D. M C 4 Feb. 18, '65 July 13, '65 
 
 VOLUNTEERS RE-ENLISTED. 
 
 Geo. P. Bemis, Edward E. Caswell, Timothy C. Curtis, Calvin Dyke, 
 Marshal P. Felch, Edward P. Gould, Thomas McHugh, Lucien A. Eider, 
 Stillman N. Smith, William Stafford, Peter Terrell. 
 
 ENROLLED MEN WHO FURNISHED SUBSTITUTES. 
 
 George Barnes, William S. Carter, Daniel L. Cashing, Wm. S. Dewey, 
 Charles B. Stone. 
 
 NAVAL CREDITS. 
 
 John Cain, Peter Cole, Alonzo B. Davis, James Davis, Dennis W. 
 Downing, Joseph Hippolite, Eugene W. Hubbard, Jerry Lee, Alex. 
 McDonald, James McGinnis, John O'Donnell, Jno. J. H. Schmalfeldt, 
 Sam'l H. Smith, Theodore H. Smith, Charles T. Tilden, John White, 
 Henry Williams. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 329 
 
 VETERAN RESERVE CORPS. 
 
 Jerome Loucks, Franklin B. Osmore, James Williamson. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS NOT CREDITED By NAME. 13 Men. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS FOR NINE MONTHS. 
 Names. Co. 
 
 Abbott, Isaac W G 
 
 Ball, Alaraander G 
 
 Barron, R. L. , Sergt G 
 
 Blaisdell, Frank H 
 
 Brockway, Geo. B ___ G 
 
 Brooks, Charles G 
 
 Brothers, Wm ___ G 
 
 Brown, Nathan _ G 
 
 Cargill, Chas. G ____ G 
 
 Carlysle Jno H 
 
 Wounded. Left at Gettysburg, July S, 
 Case, Chas. E _. H 
 
 Dana, Cjrrenus _ H 
 
 Davis, Jos. R. G 
 
 Downing W. H., Corporal.. G 
 
 Dutton, Benj. C G 
 
 Fisher, Richard G 
 
 Gardner, Chas. S G 
 
 Gilbert, Jas. N G 
 
 Pro. Corporal, March, '63. 
 Goss, Loren D _. G 
 
 Gunn, Lyman O G 
 
 Hall, John H 
 
 Siek In Gen. Ho8., Aug. 10, '63. 
 Hazen, Albert E _ G 
 
 Pro. Corporal, Feb. U, '63. 
 Hazen, Haider G 
 
 Hazen, William G 
 
 Hathaway, H. F _ G 
 
 Hoisington, Orange H 
 
 Johnson, A. H H 
 
 Kijibee, A. N., Musician G 
 
 Morse, Cyrus W __ G 
 
 Newton, James - H 
 
 Packard, F. R., Sergeant... H 
 
 Pease, Chris. C H 
 
 Pierce, Chas G 
 
 Eeg. 
 
 When Enlisted. 
 
 When Disci 
 
 large 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62, 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '68 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '66 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '68 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '68 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '68 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '68 
 
 16 
 
 Sept, 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '68 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Feb. 13 
 
 '68 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '68 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Nov. 28 
 
 '62 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '62 
 
 Feb. 11 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug, 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 '63 
 
Eeg. 
 
 Wlien Enlisted. 
 
 When Dlsohi 
 
 irge 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 18, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 18, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 18, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 18, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 '63 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 16 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 
 '63 
 
 330 HISTORY OF HARTFORD, 
 
 Names. Co. 
 
 Pillsbury, A. H G 
 
 Porter, Calvin G 
 
 Roberts, Dan'l W_ G 
 
 Russ, Geo. C.--- ___ G 
 
 Savage, Jasper H., Corporal. G 
 
 Sawyer, Joseph C H 
 
 Saxey, Frank H 
 
 Sleeper, Chas. G H 
 
 Thurston, L. C H 
 
 Died, at Brattleboro, Aug. 7, '63. 
 Winslow, D. N G 
 
 Wood, John Q _. G 
 
 PDKNISHED UNDER DRAFT AND PEOOtJRED SUBSTITUTES. 
 
 Geo. T. Alexander, Miner W. Allen, Silas Birch, Josiah H. Case, Jno. 
 T. Cisco, Jesse Gardner, John S. Gates, Abel H. Hazen, Charles Hazen, 
 David D. Hazen, Henry S. Huntoon, Edward P. Lamphear, Jason Moffit, 
 Edward W. Morris, S. C. Morse, Justin Paddleford, Henry 0. Pennock, 
 Chas. A. Pitkin, William Porter, John Euss, N. H. Shattuck, T. J. 
 Shurtleff, O. D. Tewksbury, Geo. E. Thompson, Chas. T. Tilden. 
 
 PAID COMMUTATION. 
 
 Chas. B. Ballard, Noah B. Hazen, Jacob N. Perkins. 
 
 ENTERED SERVICE. 
 
 Joseph Bean, Byron Hunt. 
 
 WAR EXPENSES OF HARTFORD DURING THE REBELLION. 
 
 To March 1st, 1866. 
 
 64 men three years' service, no bounty. 
 
 30 " ' September, 1862, % 1,000 00 
 
 44 " nine months " October, 1862, 2,900 00 
 
 Expenses on the above. 129 84 
 
 34 men, three years' service, July 5, 1864, less one deserted,|300.00 10,875 00 
 
 14 veterans, tlu-ee years' service, February, 1864, 4,350 00 
 
 5 men, " " " . " .1,200 00 
 
 3 " drafted and entered service, March, 1864, " 600 00 
 
 7 " three years' service, September 5th, 1864, 4,400 00 
 
 37 " one " " " " J3,167 00 
 
 2 colored men entered in the South " 801 70 
 
 17 men, three years' service in navy, February 15, 1865, 10,000 00 
 
 1 man, 600 00 
 
 Expenses on the above, 606 37 
 
 22 men, drafted and furnished substitutes, 3,300 00 
 
 359 men _. |53,739 91 
 
 To March, 1866. 
 
 1 three years' service man since 1865, I 600 00 
 
 2 one year's service men, " " 1,300 00 
 
 3 men who paid commutation, 300 00— $3,100 00 
 
 365 men 154,839 91 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 To March, 1S67. 
 
 Two himdred and sixty-seven men furnished by the town in 
 1863-63-64. Amount of bounties and costs of which, includ- 
 ing bounties paid to men who were drafted, and who fur- 
 
 331 
 
 nished substitutes, 
 Paid three men who paid conunutation," 
 
 Total, 
 
 $54,829 91 
 300 00 
 
 $55,139 91 
 
 ROSTER OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OP ABRAHAM LINCOLN POST, NO. 85, G. A. R. 
 (ORGANIZED MAY 3, 1885), IN DECEMBER, 1887. 
 
 OFFICERS — 1887. 
 
 A. B. Flanders _ Chap. 
 
 James A. Cooper O. D. 
 
 Joseph M. Hodet O. G. 
 
 Sidney E. Pierce S. M. 
 
 A. C. Inman Q. M. S. 
 
 A. W.Davis. P.O. 
 
 AnthonyC. Ray. S. V. C. 
 
 Edgar F. Sisco J. V. C. 
 
 A. B. Voodry __Adj't. 
 
 Joseph M. Quimby _ Q. M. 
 
 James M. Wilson- Surg. 
 
 Stephen M. Pingree, Sanford H. Potter, Past Commanders. 
 
 Bernai-d McCabe, Samuel A. Currier, Alpha H. Colby, Relief Committee. 
 
 Stephen M. Pingree, George W. Kenney, David Paine, Finance and Auditing 
 Committee. 
 
 Alvin C. Bean, Bernard McCabe, Sidney E. Pierce, Entertaining and Memorial 
 Committee. 
 
 Regular meeting first Saturday in each month. 
 
 Muster-in fee, including badge, $1.50. 
 
 Dues, quarterly in advance, twenty-five cents. 
 
 Aiken, Joseph P., . A, 4th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Bean, Alvin C, 15th N. H. V. Inf. 
 
 Bruce, S. B. O., K, 11th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Clifford, Chai-les L., G, 16th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Cooper, James A., E, 31st Mass. V. Inf. 
 Carpenter, Wm. B., I, 6th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Chambers, Henry, E, 36th Mass.V. Inf. 
 Currier, S. A., C, 15th N. H. V. Inf. 
 Colby, Alpha H., D. 13th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Davis, Alex. W., D, 6th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Daley, Edward, A, 9th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 Durphey, Wm. H., C, 6th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Fargo, James C, H, 4th Mass. H. Art. 
 Fenton, Barth. G, 6th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 Flanders, A. B., Chap. 4th R. I. Inf. 
 French, Horace, K, 3d Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 Hunter, J. H., E, 5th N. H. V. Inf. 
 HUl, Charles H., C, 6th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Hodet, J. M., G., unass'g'd Mass. R. 
 Imnan, A. C, D, 17th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 Kenney, Geo. W., H, 17th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Kent, Lorenzo E., K, 7th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Kimball, Ben. F., D, 17th Vt. V. Inf. 
 McCabe, Bernard, A, 6th Mass. V. Inf. 
 
 Metcalf, Henry H., C, 6th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Pierce, Wm. L., F, 1st Vt. Fr'nt Cav. 
 Pierce, Sidney E., H, 11th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 Pingree Stephen M., 
 Paine, David, 
 Peck, Henry H., 
 Potter, Sanford H., 
 Porter, Orvis W., 
 Porter, Wm. B., 
 Preston, Geo. W., 
 
 4th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 A, 9th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 I, 3d Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 1st Vt. Cav. 
 
 G, 17th U. S. Inf. 
 
 G, 9th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 E, 3d Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 Quimby, Joseph M., A, 15th Vt. V. Inf. 
 Rollins, A. C, C. 15th N. H. V. Inf. 
 Ray, Anthony C, G, 16th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 Rand, Homer E., 
 Saxie, Frank, 
 Sisco, Edgar F., 
 Sti'ong, S. J., 
 
 P. M. U. S. N. 
 H, 16th Vt. V. Inf. 
 K, 13th Vt. V. Inf. 
 C, 5th N. H. V. Inf. 
 
 Trask.Chas. M., Surg. 5th N. H.V. Inf. 
 
 TerrUl, Peter, 
 Voodry, Adna B., 
 WUson, James M., 
 Wolfe, Austin H., 
 Wood, John A., 
 Young, Leander, 
 
 B, 3d Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 E, 17th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 P. M. U. S. A. 
 
 B, 14th N. H. V. In. 
 
 G, 16th Vt. V. Inf. 
 
 I, 1st Me. H. Art. 
 
 ' A palpable error. According to the report of Adjutant General Washburn, but 
 three men paid commutation — viz : Charles B Ballard, Noah B. Hazen and Jacob 
 N. Perliins. The total amount paid should be $54,829.91. The total number men 
 furnished was 265. 
 
383 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 HARTFOBD MBMOEIAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This association was born of a desire on the part of the surviving 
 soldiers of the late civil war, who went from Hartford, to properly 
 honor and perpetuate the memory of those of their comrades who, in 
 the hour of the nation's greatest peril, enlisted from this town, and lost 
 their lives in defence of the Union. It is but simple justice to say that 
 those who enlisted from this town were chiefly men of intelligence and 
 sustained a good moral character ; and that, in the hour of trial, they 
 proved to be brave, true and faithful soldiers. They left their fire- 
 sides, their kindred, their business, all that was dear to them, and went 
 forth to endure the hardships of military service, in camp and garrison, 
 on tented field, and in toilsome marches. They suffered from exposure 
 to extremes of heat and cold ; from privations of food and raiment ; 
 from disease ; from wounds received in many a terrible conflict facing 
 a stubborn foe, and many there met death and found graves far away 
 from home, with not one loving hand to ease their pathway to the 
 tomb.' 
 
 " Some home to village graves were borne, 
 
 Love plants the Myrtle o'er their tomb ; 
 Some far away in graves unknown, 
 
 Sleep where no flowers of love m^ay bloom. 
 Some in the nation's hallowed ground 
 
 Sleej) royaUy then- last, long sleep; i 
 Some lie where no carved stone is found, 
 
 No kindred nigh, no friends to weep." 
 
 The survivors who served out, faithfully, their terms of enlistment, 
 returned to their homes, and a useful citizenship, and not a few of 
 these have received such honors and gifts from the hands and hearts of 
 their fellow-citizens, as a grateful people may well bestow as the reward 
 of patriotism. 
 
 But we owe a great debt, and unstinted honor, to those who fell in 
 battle. Their heroic deeds should be transmitted to coming genera- 
 tions in song and story, on enduring monuments of marble and in the 
 
 ' Hon. P. T. Washburn, Adjutant General of the State, in his reports, Oct. i, 
 1865, to Oct. I, 1866, gives a list of at least 125 battles and engagements in which 
 Vermont troops toolc part, between Big Bethel, June 10, i85i, and Appomattox 
 Court House, April g, 1865. An average of one battle or engagement ever)- ten 
 days. A Vermont regiment was the first to enter Richmond at its capture April, 
 1865. 
 
 The whole number of volunteers and drafted men furnished by Vermont was 
 34,238. The number of wounded was 4,360. The number of deaths in field and 
 hospital during the whole war was 5,128. More than one-half of these perished 
 during the last year of the war. 
 
 The number of volunteers and drafted men, furnished by Hartford was 267. The 
 number killed in engagements and battle was 8 The number of deaths in hospital 
 was 5. The number who deserted was 9. The number wounded 10, of whom 5 
 died. Killed by accident- i. Died in Andersonville prison 2. Died elsewhere 
 from sickness 16. • Total number of deaths during the war 37. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 333 
 
 continual observance of decoration day. Let us decorate their graves, 
 and crown their monuments with flowers emblematical of virtue, heroic 
 valor and immortality, and rehearse to our children and grand-children, 
 the story of their deeds, that they may be inspired with a sense of their 
 obligation to our fallen braves; of the gratitude due to the survivors, 
 and their duty to their country in the hour of her peril and danger 
 from foes within and foes without. 
 
 " Toll for the noble brave, 
 Borne to a gory grave, 
 
 Wreath ye the bier; 
 Whisper each deathless name, 
 Give them to God and Fame, 
 
 Di-op ye love's tear." 
 
 On the 30th May, 1880, a number of veteran soldiers met at the 
 Hartford cemetery to decorate the graves of their fallen comrades with 
 flowers. After performing this memorial service a brief address was 
 made by Col. S. E. Pingree, upon the duties which the surviving sol- 
 diers owe to their dead comrades,- and upon his motion, a temporary 
 organization was made for the purpose of perpetuating the proper 
 observance of decoration day. Capt. A. W. Davis, 6th Vt. Regt., was 
 chosen president ; Capt. J. Aiken, 4th Vt. Regt., secretary; Col. S. E. 
 Pingree, 3d Vt. Regt., Maj. A. J. Grover, 1st Vt. Cav., and Lieat. 
 E. H. Nye, 6th Vt., executive committee. This meeting was adjourned 
 to meet at the said cemetery the first Saturday in May, 1881, for the 
 purpose of forming a permanent organization. 
 
 Agreeable to adjournment a meeting was held at the Hartford cem- 
 etery May lib, 1881, when a constitution and by-laws were presented 
 by Col. S. E. Pingree, with appropriate remarks thereon, and after due 
 consideration the same were referred to a committee consisting of Col. 
 S. E. Pingree, G. D. Keyes and B. F. Eaton, with instructions to report 
 such amendments and alterations as proper for ratification at the annual 
 meeting. May 30th, 1881. The association met at 1 o'clock p. m., May 
 30th, 1881, at the east gate of the cemetery, when the report of the 
 committee on the constitution and by-laws was rendered by Col. S. E. 
 Pingree, to wit : 
 
 Preamble : — For the due observance of the day which a national cus- 
 tom has consecrated to the offering of floral tribute to the natinn's 
 dead, and for the better and more constant cherishing of ihe memoiies 
 of our more immediate comrades and townsmen who fell in defence ■ f 
 their country's integrity and honor, we, the Hartford Memorial At<hOria- 
 tion, hereby adopt the following- constitution for the general guidai.ce 
 and government of our organization. 
 
334 
 
 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 The officers and committees for the association were: — President, 
 Col. Stephen M. Pingree, 4th Yt.; Vice-Presidents, Maj. Andrew J. 
 Grover, Lieut. Benjamin F. Eaton ; Secretary, Capt. Joseph P. Aiken ; 
 Treasurer, Henry H. Peck, 2d Vt. 
 
 Committee on Arrangements — Capt. A. W. Davis, Capt. J. P. Aiken 
 and H. H. Peck. 
 
 Committee on Floral Decoration — Comrades P. B. Smith, Peter 
 Terrill, A. E. Hazen, A. J. Grover and Wm. B. Carpenter. 
 
 Committee to designate soldiers's graves and mark the same — Col. S. 
 E Pingree. 
 
 The following list comprises the names of the members, past and 
 present of the association, together with the company and regiment in 
 which each member enlisted : 
 
 Samuel E. Pingree. Co. F, 3d Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Stephen M. Pingree. Co. E, 4th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Joseph P. Aiken Co. D, 4th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 G. D. Keyes.... Co. D, 4th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 J. T. Shepard Co. G, 4th Eegt. Vt. Cavalry. 
 
 S. J. Allen, Surgeon. 4th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Henry H. Peck Co, I, 3d Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Horace French Co. F, 8d Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Peter Terril Co. F, 3d Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 A. W. Davis.. Co. D, 6th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Wm. B. Carpenter. Co. D, 6th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Charles G. Sanderson Co. F, 8th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 JohnG. Lesure ....Co. G, 8th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 William B. Porter Co. G, 9th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 P. B. Smith Co. H, 11th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Alpha H. Colby Co. D, 12th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 A. E. Hazen. ..Co. G, 16th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 J. H. Savage Co. G, 16th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Frank Blaisdell. Co. H, 16th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Anthony C. Eay Co. G, 16th Regt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Charles Pierce Co. G, 16th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Harper Hazen. Co. G, 16th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Jasper H. Savage Co. G, 16th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Charles L. Clifford. Co. G, 16th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Geo. A. Griswold Co. A, 10th Regt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 A. C. Inman Co. C, 15th, Co. D, 17th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 David Paine . .Co. A, 15th and 9th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Ceorge C. Stevens Co. A, 3d Eegt. N. H. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Sewell D. Batchelder Co. G, 3d Eegt. N. H. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 John H. Hunter .Co. E, 5th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 Henry Silver .Co. I, 17th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 A. J. Grover 1st Eegt. Vt. Cavalry. 
 
 J. C. Fargo Co. H, 4th Eegt. Mass. . Artillery. 
 
 Thomas Moran. Co. I, 21st Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 D.W.Pierce Co. B, 1st Eegt. Vt. Cavalry. 
 
 John Dezealer Co. H, 17th Eegt. Vt. Cavalry. 
 
 William J. Gray. Co. C, 16th Eegt. N. H. Cavalry. 
 
 Josiah L. Elder, major 40th Eeg-t. Mass. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 H. A. Bennett Co. B, 25th Eegt. Mass. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 E. H. Nye Co. D, 6th Eegt. Vt. Vol. Infantiy. 
 
 J. H. Modet... Co. G, Regt. Mass. Vol. Infantry. 
 
 Orrin Watkins Co. H, 7th Regt. N. H. Vol Infantiy. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 335 
 
 MILITARY NECROLOGY BOLL OF HONOK. 
 
 The names of those soldiers who served in the Revolutionary v?ar, 
 and their respective places of burial have been designated as follows : 
 
 Luther Bartholomew, a pensioner, buried in Christian Street Cemetery. 
 Samuel Bailey, buried in the Hartford Cemetery. 
 
 Nathan Cobb, ' 
 
 Joseph Fenno, " " CentrevUle " 
 Phiaeas Russ, " " Russtown " 
 Stephen Tilden, " " Centre of Town Cemetery. 
 Elihu Woodard, " " " " " 
 
 Elijah KIbbie, " " Junction " 
 
 Roger Huntington, member of the 4th Conn. Regt. whose name will appear 
 among those of the war of 1813, was buried in tlie Russtown Cemetery. 
 William Champlin, buried in Quechy Cemetery. 
 Burpee Prouty, " " Delano " 
 
 Sherebiah Ballard, " "W.Hartford" 
 
 LIST OF SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 Sheldon Bartholomew, buried in Chi-istian Street Cemetery. 
 
 John Freeman, fif er in Capt. Phelps' Co. , Col. Davis' regt. , Gen. Dearborn's 
 army, which took part in the battle of Plattsburgh; buried iu Hartford ceme- 
 tery. 
 
 Ulysses Johnson, buried in Russtown cemetery. 
 
 SoUman Lombard, of Capt. Ethan Beemis' Co., Col. Williams' regt.; buried in 
 Quechee cemetery. 
 
 Philip Sprague, buried in Christian Street cemetery. 
 
 James 'Tracy, " Centre of Town " 
 
 Josiah Tilden, 
 
 Stephen Tilden, 
 
 George Washburn, corpl. of Capt Merrill's Co., 31st regt., of Gen. Dearborn's 
 army; buiied at W. R. Junction cemetery. 
 
 EHjah Kibbie, buried beside his father, W. R. Junction cemetery. 
 
 Roger Huntington was enlisted in the 81st regt. for one year, and afterward in 
 the 11th for five years, and served until close of the war; buried in Russtown 
 cemetery. 
 
 Alva Rider, buried in Centre Town cemetery. 
 
 I find one name only of those who served in the Mexican war, viz: that of 
 Myron T. Strong, of Col. T. B. Ransom's regt., Gen. Franklin Pierce's brigade, 
 Gen. Scott's army; buried at Centi-eof Town cemetery. 
 
 WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 1 Wm. H. Allard. Co. G, 6th Vt. Vols., died March 15, 1864; buried in the 
 
 Hartford cemetery. 
 
 2 Hemy C. Alexander, 1st Vt. Bat'y, died Jan. 23, 1864; buried in Quechee cem- 
 
 etery. 
 
 3 Albert L. Bartholomew, corpl. Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., mortally wounded at 
 
 Cold Harbor, Va. ; buried in Christian St. cemetery. 
 
 4 Geo. F. Bemis, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., mortally wounded and died in hospital 
 
 May 8, 1864; buried on the field. 
 
 5 Elmer Bragg, 9th N. H. Vols., died Aug. 20, 1864; buried in Quechee ceme- 
 
 tery. 
 
 6 Franklin Boyd, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., killed at the Wilderness, Va.; buried on 
 
 the field. 
 
 7 George B. Brockway, Co. H, 16th Vt. Vols., died after the war; buried m the 
 
 Hartford cemetery. 
 
 8 John Cuthbert, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., killed at Funkstown, Md., July 10, 1863; 
 
 buried on the field in the same grave with Geo. W. Ball, 4th Vt. Vols. 
 
 9 Charles C. Davis, Co. H, 11th Vt. Vols., died Sept. 30, 1870; buried in Hart- 
 
 ford cemetery. 
 
 10 Wm. H. Downer, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., kiUed at Yorktown, Va., AprU 16, '62; 
 
 buried on the field. 
 
 11 Horace Dutton, Co. — , regt. Vt. Vols., died in rebel prison; name inscribed 
 
 on Benj. Dutton's mon't., Hartford cemetery. 
 
336 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 12 Harry Durphy, Co. 0, 6th Vt. Vols, died June 18, 1864; buried in Quechee 
 
 cemetery. 
 
 13 Arthur M. I"rench, Co. H, 11th Vt. Vols., taken prisoner at the battle of the 
 
 Weldon R. R., Va., June 23, 1864; in prison at AndersonviUe, Ga., until 
 exchanged; died at Annapolis, Md., on his way home from his captivity, 
 Jan. 1, 1865; buried in Hartford cemetery. 
 
 14 Frank Gallagher, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., killed at the battle of No. Anna, Va., 
 
 May 20, '64; buried on the field. 
 
 15 Henry L. Jones, Co. C, 6th Vt. Vols., died July 14, 1864; buried in Quechee 
 
 cemetery. 
 
 16 Thomas S. Hodsden, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., mortally wounded May 12, '64, at 
 
 Spottsylvania, Va., died Aug. 13, '64; buried on the field. 
 
 17 George Kibbie, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., kUled AprU 16, '62, near Yorktown, Va.; 
 
 buried on the field. 
 
 18 Edward Lyman, corpl. Co. F, 1st U. S. C. S., mortally wounded at the bat- 
 
 tle before Petersburg, Va., died June 35, '64; buried in Hartford cemetery. 
 
 19 Frank Morrill, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., kiUed at Yorktown, Va., April 16, '62; 
 
 buried on the field. 
 
 20 Albourn Nash, Co. F, 52d Mass. Vols., died March 16, 1860; buried in Hart- 
 
 ford cemetery. 
 
 21 Robert Orr, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., killed at Yorktown, Va., April 16, '62; 
 
 buried on the field. 
 33 Edward Richards, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., died of disease contracted in service 
 
 in the Peninsular campaign, Sept. 17, '63, having served one year to a day; 
 
 buried in Hartford cemetery. 
 33 Leonard Rowland, fifer, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., died at Lee's Mills, Va., May 1, 
 
 '62; buried on the field. 
 
 24 Lucien A. Ryder, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., mortally wovmded in the battle of the 
 
 Wilderness, died in hospital, May 15, '64; buried in hospital grounds. 
 
 25 Geo. H. Tambling, Co. G, 4th Vt. Vols., died on the field, remains brought 
 
 home and buried in West Hartford cemetery. 
 
 26 Lorenzo C. Thurston, Corp'l, Co. H, 16th Vt. Vols., died in hospital, Aug. 
 
 7, '63; buried in Hartford cemetery. 
 
 37 James W. Thomas, buried in Quechee cemetery. 
 
 38 Nelson J. Whitcomb, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols. , died of disease contracted in ser- 
 
 vice; buried in West Hartford cemetery. 
 29 Willis Whitcomb, Co. F, 3d Vt. Vols., mortally wounded before Yorktown, 
 
 Va., Apr. 16, '63, and died in hospital. May 19, 1862, and buried on the 
 
 field. 
 80 John Greenwood, Co. — Regt. — Vt. Vols. ; buried in Junction cenaetery. 
 
 31 Edward Nash, 1st U. S. S. S., killed May 5, '64; buried on the field. 
 
 32 Mahlon M. Young, kiUed at Mariana, Fla., Sept. 37, '64; buried on the field. 
 
 33 E. B. UdaU, died May 14, '63; buried on the field. 
 
 34 Wm. Hazen, Co. G, 16th Vt. Vols. ; buried West Hartford cemetery. 
 
 35 Harvey Bartholomew, Co. B, 4th Vt. Vols.; buried West Hartford cemetery. , 
 
 36 Heni-y O. Washburne, Co. C, 6th Vt. Vols., died Nov. 12, '81; buried in 
 
 Hartford cemetery. 
 87 Benjamin Howe, 5th N. H. Vols. ; buried in the Hartford cemetery. 
 
 38 Patrick Kavanaugh, killed on railroad at White River Junction; buried in 
 
 Catholic cemetery. 
 
 39 Thomas Moran, 17th U. S. Infty., died July 31, '83; buried in Hartford cem- 
 
 etery. 
 
 40 Jasper H. Savage, Co. G, 16th Vt. Vols., died 1884; buried in Christian St. 
 
 cemetery. 
 
 41 James B. Gilman, W. Hartford cemetery. 
 
 43 Edwin L. BaUard, Co. K, 16th Vt. Vols., W. Hartford cemetery. 
 
 43 Samuel Johnson Allen, buried in Hartfoi-d cemetery, W. R. Junction. 
 
 44 Samuel Marden Wilson, paymaster U. S. Vols.; buried in cemetery, W. 
 
 R. Junction. 
 
 45 Patrick Cavanaugh, 3d U. S. Regulars; buried in Catholic cemetery, W. R. 
 
 Junction. 
 
 46 John Ashey, killed at Meriden, N. H. ; buried in Catholic cemetery, W. R. 
 
 Junction. 
 
 47 Albert Martin, Co. K, 7th Vt. Vols. ; buried in Catholic cemetery, W. R. 
 
 Junction. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOBD. 337 
 
 A MILITARY INCIDENT. 
 
 The house of StepLen Tilden, located two miles above White River 
 village, on the north side of White river, was designated as an alarm 
 post during the Revolutionary waV. Not long since I was permitted 
 to inspect the old Queen's arms gun which Mr. Tilden kept for the 
 purpose of hunting, in times of peace, but which he used during the 
 war to alarm the settlement in time of danger, and calling the settlers 
 together for action. The first time this gun was used for the last 
 named purpose, was on the morning of Oct. 16, 1780, when the Indians 
 invaded Royalton. The news of the attack upon that village was an- 
 nounced to Mr. Tilden by Dr. Phineas Parkhurst of Lebanon, N. H. 
 Dr. Parkhurst, then a young man, had gone to Royalton on the 12th 
 July to see his sweetheart. The Indians made an attack on the town 
 very early the next morning, and Dr. Parkhurst considered it best to 
 take leave of his charmer. On attempting to escape, the disciple of 
 ^sculapius lost his hat, but got a bullet in exchange. Though seri- 
 ously wounded, he mounted his horse, and putting spurs to the animal, 
 eluded capture by out-riding John Gilpin on his way homeward. When 
 he arrived opposite to Mr. Tilden's tavern, the doctor shouted the un- 
 welcome news, and not many minutes later the old " Queen's Arms " 
 rang out the needful warning. A company of militia started to join 
 in the defense of Royalton, but failed to reach there in season to be of 
 any service. 
 
 22 
 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 [Letter from Roswell Marsh, Esq.] 
 
 INCIDENTS OF THE EARLY HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 (The following letter was written by the late Hon. Eoswell Marsh, a gi-andson of 
 Governor Joseph Marsh.) 
 
 Steubenville, O., April 18, 1870. 
 
 Dear Sir : — It is probable I have as much personal and traditional 
 knowledge of the early settlement of Hartford as any one now living. 
 There are but a few now living older than I am, who were born in Hart- 
 ford. I was born in Hartford, in January, 1793, and when I was old 
 enough to take a lively interest in whatever related to the early events 
 in the town, most of the first settlers were living. My grandfather's 
 house was a place of much resort, and early events were the standard 
 topic of conversation as grave matters, and for anecdote. ***** 
 
 Most of the proprietors were from Lebanon, Ct. The plan for the 
 purchase and the division of the town was made in Lebanon, and the 
 proprietary meetings were held there for several years. Many of the 
 proprietors did not remove to Hartford, but sold out their shares very 
 cheap. Some of the best lands were bought for one shilling per acre.' 
 Very erroneous ideas existed as to the quality of the land. 
 
 The first settlement was made at the mouth of White Eiver,'' the next 
 on the Quechee meadows. Abel and Elisha Marsh settled in Quechee 
 in 1772-73. My father, when eighteen years old went up to Quechee 
 in the spring of 1774, and raised some corn on an island. The rest of 
 the family, including nine other children, moved there in the fall of the 
 same year. 
 
 The first grist-mill was built in Quechee by Elisha Marsh. He sold 
 the mill in 1812 to Matthew Ransom, a carpenter and joiner who had 
 long lived by the burying ground. Daniel Gushing afterwards owned 
 the mill. You will find an early deed of a clothier's shop, from Lionel 
 TJdall to Elisha Marsh. Isaac Marsh carried on the clothing mill until 
 he became deranged. Eleazer Harwood, from Pittsford, then bought 
 the mill, and after some years sold to Abel Penfield, who sold to a com- 
 pany which enlarged the mill and introduced spinning and weaving. 
 Liberty Raymond put up the first trip hammer shop in 1814. Daniel 
 Ransom, son-in-law of Elisha Marsh, had the first store in Quechee. 
 
 ' Elijah Strong, who settled at the month of White river in 1764, bought lot (No. 
 2), south side of White river down Connecticut river, containing nineteen acres, to- 
 gether with 360 acres of undivided land, for the sum of $22.50, or jess than six 
 cents per acre. Deed Samuel Porter, of Lebanon, Ct. , to Stephen Tilden, Jr., of 
 Leoanon, Ct., Nov. 10, 1761, one proprietor's right (No. 13), on north side of White 
 river, containing fifty-nine acres, for 10 shillings, or $2.42=4 cents i mill per acre. 
 Deed Henry Piescott to Thomas Savage, March 23, 1769; sixty acres (No. 17) Jo- 
 seph Newmarch, up Connecticut river, $i 21, or 2 cents per acre. 
 
 ' It is probable that Solomon, brother of Elijah Strong, settled at the Centre of 
 the town nearly at the same time that Elijah settled at the mouth of White river. 
 The proprietors' first meeting in the town was held in the houseof Solomon Strong, 
 Dec. 3, 1764. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 339 
 
 William Perry established the first tan-yard. William Birtch, a son-in- 
 law of Samuel TJdall, established a brick-yard, but failed, and ran away. 
 The sawmill (one mile below Quechee) was built by Abel and Joseph 
 Marsh in 1775. They ran the mill alternately a week each, but the 
 relations soon became unfriendly. Abel could not sell his lumber as 
 his more popular brother could. When Abel left the mill Saturday 
 nights he hid aU the files, mill bars, etc. They soon dissolved. * * * 
 
 The pine timber on the plains was superior to that on the lower 
 meadows, and soon every one who wanted the pine claimed to own a 
 lot, and proceeded to cut the best wherever it could be found. The 
 plain was soon covered with the tops. In May, 1802, Jesse Peak, by 
 burning a brush heap on a windy day for the purpose of making a 
 garden, set a fire to the pine tops, and in six hours had a fire covering 
 the whole plain, and up the hill sides as far as there was combustible 
 matter. Sodom and Gomorrah must have resembled it ! It was, by far, 
 the most sublime sight I ever witnessed. Not a live tree was left, and 
 in two or three years the tall pines were heaped across each other often 
 five or six deep. Not half of the timber had been cut. * * * The hUl 
 west of the town-house was swept by a tornado soon after the settle- 
 ment of the town. (Ever since known as " Hurricane Hill.") The grist- 
 mill at Sucker City (Centreville) was buUt about the same time as that 
 in Quechee. For some years the two mills ground for Hartford, Hart- 
 land, Pomfret, Norwich, Sharon, and Woodstock. In a very hard winter, 
 I think in 1783, White and Quechee Elvers were so low and hard frozen 
 that the mills could not grind but little grain, and grist accumulated a 
 month in advance. A boy from Sharon came to Quechee to mUl. Being 
 asked why he did not stop at the Sucker mills, he repUed : — " They 
 don't grind but d — d little there, and what they do grind they don't 
 grind but little ! " 
 
 Elias Lyman settled at the Point about the year 1790. He built Ly- 
 man's bridge. Lewis Lyman and I, rash boys, crossed over and back 
 on the timber before the floor was laid, and we had good reasons for re- 
 membering it. 
 
 The leading and most influential families of the town were the Hazens, 
 Marshes, Tildens, Pitkins, Deweys, Udalls, Gilletts, Strongs, Demmons, 
 and Ransoms. Freegrace Leavitt, Capt. William Bramble, Abel Bar- 
 ron, and Amos Eobinson, were leading men. Seth Cole, a very large 
 man, furnished facts drawn from imagination. Zealon Case, a lean, hun- 
 gry-looking man, liked a fat turkey, which, with proper dressing and 
 ^read and vegetables, he considered "a reasonable allowance for one, 
 "but not enough for two ! " Matthew Eansom, in a moment of passion, 
 vrould bite the skin from his knuckles, and his wife was always "already 
 mad." You know something of Ephraim Shattuck's wife, who might 
 have presided as the oracle of Delphi. « * * * » 
 
 There was a minister settled in town before Mr. Gross, and he sold a 
 110-acre lot, which is in the James Udall, or Wm. Marsh farm. I think 
 his name was Turner. He turned out a very corrupt man. His deed 
 will give his name. «**»«* 
 
 In an old deed once in my possession, the point where the Quechee 
 l)ridge crosses the river was called " Pinneo's Point." A guard to watch 
 tories was kept there during the Eevolution. Gov. Marsh was active in 
 the negotiations long carried on, but never intended to be brought to a 
 point, between the British and Vermonters. Capt. Abel Marsh, alias 
 ■" Capt. Snag," was the first military captain. Eeport said, when I was 
 
MO HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 a boy, that they elected a captain, a lieutenant, an ensign, four ser- 
 geants and five corporals, and had one private left, and they drilled him 
 untU he lay down all tired out. 
 
 The old meeting-house at the Centre of the town was built about 
 1790. Eev. Mr. Gross settled there at an early day. Eev. John Button 
 was employed to preach a year or two before Mr. Goss, with a view to a 
 settlement, and this so nearly resulted that the fact was used in 1806 in 
 a law suit against Mr. Goss's title to the ministerial land. ' 
 
 THE OLD CENTBE MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 " I will not give sleep to mine eyes, nor slumber to my eyelids, until I find out a place 
 for tlie Lord, an habitation for the Mighty God of Jacob."— Psalms 132 -A, 5. 
 
 Our Puritan fathers were eminently devout worshippers of the 
 Supreme Being. They believed that in the God of Israel they lived, 
 moved and had their being. They believed that the Christian religion, 
 and religious worship formed the corner stone of civil liberty, and that 
 it was their duty and obligation to sustain the public worship of God. 
 Although they believed in a " Church without a Bishop, and a State 
 without a King," yet, they recognized the fact that, in many respects, 
 matters of civil and religious polity were, necessarily, intimately con- 
 nected, and that religious freedom was the handmaid of civil liberty. 
 Therefore, they first laid the foundation and established the form of 
 civil government, after which they proceeded to make provision for the 
 maintainance of public worship. They were prompted to build places 
 for public worship by that spirit which manifested itself in the purpose 
 of the son of Jesse to provide a habitation for the mighty God of 
 Jacob. 
 
 According to the records of the town, the first official action taken by 
 the inhabitants relative to erecting a meeting-house was on the 17th of 
 May, 1774, when it was voted " to build a meeting-house as near the 
 centre of the town as is convenient for a building spot, and the dimen- 
 sions of the house to be thirty-five by fifty feet, and two stories high." 
 A committee was chosen to make a survey to find the centre of the 
 town, and there "to set down the stake where the meetinghouse shall 
 be." The committee performed their duty, and fallowing upon their 
 report the town voted £100 ($484) to build said house which was to be 
 completed by Sept. 1, 1775. For some unrecorded reason the work 
 of building was delayed, and the ark of God found no resting place 
 until some years later. Meetings were held in private houses, and in 
 barns, by itinerant preachers, and all made it a point to attend with 
 their families, every Sabbath, preaching or no preaching. 
 
 ^ There are no written records by which the date of the organization of the church 
 at Centre of the town can be fixed. It is quite probable that a church existed there 
 prior to the ministry of Mr. Gross. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 341 
 
 It seems probable that the first meeting-house was built about 1784 
 at the middle of the town, where it now stands. It appears of record 
 that a meeting of the inhabitants of the town was held in the house of 
 David Bliss, at the middle of the town,on the 9th of Sept., 1783, to con- 
 sider the important matter of building a meeting-house. It was then 
 decided to buUd ; and also, as a necessary preliminary step, to petition 
 the General Assembly to grant the town liberty to tax their land for the 
 purpose of building a meeting-house. At its session, in October follow- 
 ing the above named meeting, the General Assembly passed an act 
 enabling towns and parishes to erect proper houses for public worship, 
 and the support of ministers of the Gospel. All the conditions being 
 now settled in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants of the town, 
 it is safe to conclude that they proceeded to build their meeting-house 
 and that it was completed prior to the installation of Rev. Thomas 
 Gross, which occurred June 7th, 1786. 
 
 The architecture of the old meeting-house was very plain, both with- 
 in and without. Its dimensions were fifty feet in length, thirty-five in 
 width and two stories in height. The entrance way was on the east 
 side. The pews were square with high backs. The pulpit, which was 
 nearly thirteen feet high, was on the west side of the house. Over the 
 pulpit was suspended a bell-shaped sounding board, possessing acous- 
 tic properties that gave distinctness to the preacher's words. The gal- 
 lery was on both ends and one side fronting the pulpit. There was but 
 one row of seats in the gallery and these were occupied by the younger 
 portion of the congregation. The house was without means of warm- 
 ing it in the winter, and other inclement seasons of the year, but nearly 
 every family took one or more foot stoves to meeting. The men, women 
 and children were warmly clad in home made garments, and being 
 habituated to much out-of-door life, were capable of withstanding a 
 degree of winter temperature that would congeal many modern people, 
 who are reared as delicately as hothouse plants. 
 
 There is subject enough in the history of this venerable old meeting- 
 house for much thought and reflection, as well as for a lively and pleas- 
 ing exercise of the imagination. For nearly fifty years it was the only 
 church edifice in the town, south of White river, and, for more than 
 three-fourths of a century, it served as a place for holding town meet- 
 ings of every kind. It was the scene of many funerals, of many mar- 
 riages, of christenings, and social church gatherings. Here, at free- 
 man's meetings, hundreds of young men took the freeman's oath, and 
 for the first time exercised the right of suffrage. Here little great men, 
 aspirants for town offices, fawned and truckled to attain their heart's 
 
343 HISTORY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 desires. Here bargains were struck and compromises were made to 
 ensure petty offices to candidates who bartered their modicum of man- 
 hood for political pottage. Here, times without number, the freemen 
 of the town cast their votes, or gave their voices for the election of 
 candidates put in nomination by a clique, or ring, who ursurped the 
 prerogative of the freeman at large, and ignoring the wise maxim that 
 " the public good should be preferred before private advantage," made 
 up a slate comprising such of their townsmen as they conceived could 
 be counted on as ready to reciprocate the effort to elevate them 
 to positions of consequence, not attainable by virtue of native ability, 
 by any degree of subserviency necessary to promote the selfish interests 
 of their scheming abettors. Here noisy, senseless buncombe drowned 
 the voice of reason and triumphed over common sense. Here close- 
 fisted chronic grumblers, stickled for penny-wise and pound foolish leg- 
 islation. Here modest worth, and genuine merit, were ignored, while 
 ignorance, and oftentimes Jinebriated impudence, found favor and sup- 
 port. 
 
 By way of illustration let us turn for a moment to a Sabbath day 
 scene in the olden time. Taking our position near the entrance way 
 of the meeting-house, on a Sabbath morning in summer time, an hour 
 before the opening of divine service, we shall find pleasant and instruc- 
 tive occupation in watching the arrival of the people. Some afoot and 
 some on horseback. Many of the worshippers live miles away from the 
 meeting house, but they rarely ever stay away from meeting. As the 
 people arrive they gather in groups, here and there, and exchange 
 kindly and cordial greetings. Each new-comer is welcomed with une- 
 quivocal expressions of gladness and good will, indicating the entire 
 absence of envy, enmity and dissimulation. Contentment and cheerful- 
 ness mark the appearance of the most austere and puritanical here 
 present. 
 
 The time for opening religious services has arrived, unheralded by 
 the din of a bell, or other useless noise. The arrival of the pastor is the 
 signal for assembling within the place of worship. The people rever- 
 ently seek their respective seats; the elderly portion occupying the 
 high square box pews in the body of the house ; the youth resorting to 
 seats in the gallery. The deacons and the tithing men take their accus- 
 tomed places, and assume a staid and dignified demeanor becoming 
 those whose duty lay in maintaining order and decorum, especially 
 among the youthful members of the congregation. The introductory 
 services of invocation an d reading the Scriptures, are followed by sing- 
 ing a hymn, in the old-fashioned way, line by line. Dea. Preegrace 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 343 
 
 Leavitt, or Dea. J ohn Gillett, give out the tune, and sound the key-note 
 from a wooden pitch-pipe, and then all join presently in singing in a 
 manner truthfully described in the following verses, since composed by 
 an aged worshipper : 
 
 " I wish you'd heard the singing — it had the old time ring ; 
 
 The preacher said with fervent voice, ' Let all the people sing '; 
 The tune was Coronation, and the music upward rolled 
 
 "Til I thought I heard the angels striking on their harps of gold, 
 My deafness seemed to melt away, my spirit caught the fire ; 
 
 I joined my feeble, trembling voice with that melodious chou-. 
 And sang as in my youthful days, ' Let angels prostrate fall ; 
 
 Bring forth the royal diadem, and crown him Lord of all.' " 
 
 A lengthy prayer followed the first singing ; then came the singing of 
 the second hymn, after which the preacher gave to his congregation a 
 sermon from the following text : — " Let us hear the conclusion of the 
 whole matter ; Fear God, and keep his commandments ; for this is the 
 whole duty of man," Ec. 12:13. The sermon may be described in the 
 language of the writer above quoted : — 
 
 " The preachin' ! Well, I can't just tell all that the preacher said ; 
 
 I know it wasn't vrritten ; I know it wasn't read ; 
 He had'nt time to read it, for the Ughtning of his eye 
 
 Went passing long from pew to pew, nor passed a sinner by. 
 The sermon wasn't flowery, 'twas simple gospel truth ; 
 
 It fitted poor old men like me ; it fitted hopeful youth ; 
 'Twas full of consolation for weary hearts that bleed ; 
 
 'Twas full of invitations to Christ, and not to creed." 
 
 The sermon was followed by singing, the third time, after which the 
 congregation were dismissed with a benediction. During the intermis- 
 sion between the morning and the afternoon services, the congregation 
 repaired to Leavitt's tavern, or to their homes, if near by, where they 
 partook of refreshments, and, in the season of cold weather, replenished 
 their foot-stoves. Drinking together was freely indulged in, even on 
 the Sabbath. Tradition informs us that Eev. Mr. Gross, and Deacons 
 Leavitt and Gillett, united with other members of the congregaticfc in a 
 social glass of flip, or sling, or toddy, as their tastes inclined, and, in 
 the words of the poet, 
 
 " All drank as 'twere their mother's milk and not a man afraid." 
 
 Freegrace Leavitt, one of the deacons of the church, had a distillery, 
 
 which was located near by the meeting-house, which verified the truth 
 
 of the old adage : — 
 
 " Wherever God erects a house of prayer. 
 The devil is sure to buUd a chapel there." 
 
 The town records containing an account of the date of building the 
 Centre meeting-house, its cost, etc., are lost. The building is upwards 
 of a ceutury old. It has not been in use for the past fifteen years. But, 
 whether occupied or not, it should be preserved with religious care. 
 
344 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 "Rsmove not the ancient landmarks which thy fathers have set." — ■ 
 Proverbs, 22:28. 
 
 TWO INTEEESTING LETTERS. 
 
 The following is a copy of a letter written to the late Lucius Hazen, 
 ■who was a native of Hartford, and for many years a resident of West 
 Hartford. The original letter was written in Chicago, and sent from 
 that point by express to Ft. Wayne, Indiana, to be mailed. At the 
 time this letter was written, there was no U. S. mail service west of Ft. 
 Wayne, and Chicago was an unimportant frontier settlement com- 
 posed of Yankees, Indians, and U. S. soldiers and officers ; the latter 
 doing military duty at Port Dearborn. At that time the journey from 
 Hartford to Chicago, occupied about seven weeks time. At present the 
 entile journey is made in about thirty-six hours. 
 
 THE LETTER. 
 
 FoKT Deaebobn, Chicago, State op Illinois.' 
 Dear Sir : — 
 
 You have perhaps, been anxiously looking for a letter from me a 
 long time, but you must pardon the delay, if such you consider it. In 
 the first-place I must tell you I was six weeks in getting to head quar- 
 ters, and on my arrival there I learned I had some hundred miles more 
 to travel before I should reach my station, but this, as I had become so 
 much accustomed to traveling, gave me no uneasiness. As I well know 
 the desire you have to learn the particulars of this country, I feel a 
 degree of hesitancy in attempting the description, not feeling myself 
 able to do justice to your wishes. I found many parts of the country 
 from Albany to Buffalo very interesting and pleasant, but I found no 
 perfect elysian — every place bore something of the character of incon- 
 venience and perplexity. I passed through the promised lands of the 
 Holland purchase and New Connecticut, which names formerly re- 
 sounded in your country as furnishing everything desirable, but I 
 found the country very indifferent, and indeed almost repulsive. From 
 Buffak) to Detroit my mode of conveyance was by water. I landed at 
 several pleasant places in the states of Penn., and Ohio, and indeed 
 passed the shores of an interesting country. 
 
 Detroit is a tolerably pleasant place, the country around a fine one, 
 but the inhabitants generally very little more refined than the savages. 
 After leaving Detroit about fifty miles, you have gone past all settle- 
 ments. For some hundreds of miles the first considerable one you come 
 to is Mackinaw. It appeared delightful from the water, but is valuable 
 only for its situation as respects trade ; it is cold and barren as Green- 
 land, the country mostly from Detroit to Mackinaw, from the specimens 
 I saw, I think will never admit of cultivation. It is a cold, swampy wil- 
 derness. From Mackinaw to Green Bay, about 250 miles, there is no 
 settlement. I saw but little land, at places where I went on shore, that 
 would admit of one. At Green Bay the country wears a dififerent aspect. 
 On the banks of Fox river, which enters into Green Bay, the land is fine 
 
 ' Admitted into the Union Dec. 3, 1S18. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 345 
 
 and fertile. The fort stands near the mouth ; the French settlement is 
 above the fort. There are extensive tracts on which there is no timber, 
 others are finely timbered. I have seen a larger growth of almost every 
 kind of grain in this country than I have ever seen east of the Hudson 
 river. It will some day, no doubt, be an admired country, when the 
 idle, strutting Indians and the no better French are driven out by the 
 Yankees. 
 
 The society of the officers at Green Bay is very good, but their fami- 
 lies undergo many privations. Chicago, my present abode, is like all the 
 Western world — an extensive level. Its situation renders it delightful. 
 It is situated on the lake, a noble river runs through it, fertile prairies 
 occasionally interspersed with large wood lots surround it. The fort 
 and quarters are handsome and convenient. Our society is small but 
 refined and agreeable. There are but five officers here ; two are mar- 
 ried. Two families live in the vicinity. There is but one unmarried 
 lady within 300 mUes of us, and she, I hear, is going to be married to 
 our ladian agent soon. She was educated at Windsor (Vt.) under Supt. 
 Dunbar; her father lives here. * * * The Indians, at present, are 
 out hunting, though they occasionally come in, so I amuse myself with 
 them. They are, since the whites arrived, harmless and inoffensive. I 
 have learned some of their language, and by the help of an interpreter, 
 have obtained a tolerable vocabulary. I am much pleased with this lan- 
 guage. It has a softness and sweetness, and I shall endeavor to become 
 fluent in it. * * * I have not heard from your country since I left 
 it. Direct : Chicago, State of Illinois, via. Fort Wayne, Indian Ter- 
 ritory. Yours, 
 
 I. D. HOPSON." 
 
 The foregoing letter was not enclosed in an envelope, but was folded, 
 fastened with a wafer, and the postmark, "Fort Wayne, 17th January," 
 was written ; the postage was indicated by the written number " 25 " on 
 the upper right hand corner. Postage stamps and cancelling utensils 
 were not then in use. 
 
 The next letter written by Lieut. Hopson to Mr. Hazen is dated " Ft. 
 Dearborn, June 13, 1823," and relates principally to a journey he had 
 recently made to St. Louis, Mo. His experiences and observations dur- 
 ing that journey are related by him as follows : — 
 
 " I left this place on the first of April for the purpose of exploring 
 that country which I had always fancied to be the best in the world. I 
 know not the reason of it, but ever since I first read of the western 
 country, the State of Illinois was my land of promise. I went as far as 
 St. Louis, nearly 500 miles, but I scarcely found a spot such as my im- 
 agination had painted it. I found in some places a country beautiful al- 
 most beyond description, but when I considered the disadvantage attend- 
 ant on a life led there, the idea almost staggered me. There are but a few 
 settlements in the State of Illinois where the inhabitants enjoy a toler- 
 able degree of health. In most places where it is healthy, the land is 
 not good. There are places in which corn sells for twelve and a half 
 cents per bushel. The country is good for grazing also. These are all 
 the advantages that these places possess over the most wretched. Their 
 streams are all dull and sluggish, and most of their land covered during 
 
346 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 the year with stagnant water. There is scarcely a time when the inhab- 
 itants inhale a pure and serene atmosphere. I must acknowledge I left 
 the country willing never again to see it. I would sooner live in Ver- 
 mont, bleak and rugged as it is, than any country of pestilential vapors 
 like this. In this part of the State where Chicago is situated the land is 
 not as good as some other, but owing to the breezes of the lake, the 
 place is. perfectly healthy and serene. 
 
 I expect to leave in a few days for the Southern country to purchase 
 provision for the garrison. If I live through the hot season and the 
 mosquitoes, I shall think myself proof against a warm country. The 
 manners of the people are rude and uncultivated. What few prof eg.s re- 
 ligion are Methodists. Thus far of this country. I hope in the course 
 of a few years to describe to you some other, although imperfectly. I 
 can probably say nothing of this place that will interest you. Our soci- 
 ety is very small and we are secluded from the world ; have but little to 
 do unless it is to lay plans for the future, or think over the past. * * 
 Please inform those surviving of my family that I have not heard from 
 them since my sister wrote me in February. * * * 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 I. T>. HOPSON." 
 
 HOTELS AND LANDLORDS. 
 
 Before the era of railroads in Vermont, the turnpike located on the 
 north side of "White river, between Lyman"s bridge, at White River 
 Junction, and the town line between Hartford and Sharon, formed the 
 main route of tiravel between Liverpool, England, and Montreal, Canada, 
 via. Boston, Concord, and White Eiyer Junction. Over this great 
 thoroughfare there was an almost incessant stream of travel. The road 
 was lined with vehicles for pleasure, travel and business purposes, in- 
 cluding ponderous eight-horpe freight teams ; handsome Concord 
 coaches for the conveyance of passengers, and the bi-weekly and tri- 
 weekly mails ^wo-horse, or " pod " teams, and a great variety of other 
 vehicles, some of a nondescript kind. It was then not an uncommon 
 thing to see, on a winter's day, as many as thirty two-horse teams 
 passing down the White river valley en route to Boston, each team 
 being driven by its owner, and each owner as happy as genial good 
 company, vigorous health, a contented mind, and the associations of the 
 day could make hitn. ^aThe farmers of the hill-sides and valleys then 
 made annual trips to Boston, taking along with them the surplus pro- 
 ducts of their farms, including beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, peas, 
 beans, &c., and returning with groceries, knicknacks for their dear wives 
 and " bonnie bairns," and, very likely, a demi-john of old-time unadul- 
 terated speerits for toddy, flip, or sling. 
 
 „ Those were golden days for inn-keepers and jolly days for stage- - 
 drivers and teamsters, who took their toddy straight and smoked "long- 
 nines " at Boniface's expense, or at moderate expense included in their 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 84T 
 
 reckoniDg. Oftentimes a severe storm set in which impeded travt 
 a day or two ; then landlords wore their blandest smiles, and gra 
 catered to their storm-bound guests. They were all honey 
 who eat their bam and eggs, imbibed their rum, and treated irei 
 puffed away their cigars and paid the regular reckoning ; but fo^ 
 who economized by carrying their own oats, lunching on their own cold 
 snack, and imbibing cold water, and toasted their shins by the bar^rgom... 
 fire, there was little more than frigid indifference on the part.of Boniface. 
 Neverthelesp, a spirit of happiness pervaded the minds and hearts of 
 those who followed the road in both storm and sunshine. They eat, 
 drank, worked hard from early morn till late at night, and laid down to 
 sleep soundly and dream pleasantly, little thinking how near at hand, 
 was the time when the stage-coach, the great wagons and the pod teams 
 would be counted among the things that were, and space and time 
 would be, as it were, annihilated by steam and lightning, and their oc- 
 cupation, like Othello's, would be gone. 
 
 I am unable to determine in what part of the town the first public 
 inn was located. The first mention made in the town records of an inn 
 relates to that kept by Stephen Tilden, Jr., in 1775, which was located 
 on the river road about four miles from White River Junction, and a 
 few rods west of the present dwelling-house of William Dutton. This 
 house was not built specially for a hotel. Mr. Tilden was extensively 
 engaged in farming, between which and tavern-keeping his time was 
 about equally divided. He was prominently identified with the muni- 
 cipal affairs of the town, and his house becanie head-quarters for the 
 transaction of public business. After the election of Amos Robinson as 
 Town Clerk, in 1775, the proprietors' meetings were held in the inn of 
 Stephen Tilden until the year 1800. 
 
 In his history of Northfield, Rev. John Gregory states that the pro- 
 prietors of that town, after obtaining a charter, held a meeting on the 
 second Tuesday of November, 1784, in Burch's Inn, in Hartford. I am 
 told by Joseph K. Egerton, Esq., the present Town Clerk of Northfield, 
 that the proprietors of Northfield held several meetings in Hartford : 
 first, in the house of Capt. Wm. Gallup, Quechee, Nov. 11, 1783, which 
 was adjourned to meet at the dwelling-house of Mr. Benjamin Burch, 
 inn holder, in Hartford. Five other meetings were also held there. 
 The two next meetings were at the house of Asa Taylor, in Hartland. 
 The next meeting was held in the dwelling-house of Capt. Abel Marsh, 
 inn holder, in Hartford (Quechee). It may be that the same hotel was 
 kept successively by Burch and Marsh. 
 
 It has been suggested that the inn kept by Benj. Burch was located 
 
348 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 in that part of the town known as the " Burch neighborhood," which is 
 about midway between Quechee and West Hartford villages. At the 
 period of which I am speaking, the mail route from North Hartland to 
 Pomfret passed the house of Walter Pease (present home of Geo. 
 Pease), thence over Hurricane Hill, past Oapt. Benjamin Porter's to the 
 centre of the town, thence to the Burch neighborhood, where it inter- 
 sected the road leading from West Hartford to Quechee, thence over 
 the hill to Pomfret. Benjamin Burch owned land in the Burch neigh- 
 borhood, and may have then lived there. But he also owned nearly 
 five hundred acres of land in the Ottaquechy river valley, southwest of 
 Quechee village, and, as early as 1771, he was associated with Capt. 
 Abel Marsh, Elisha Marsh, and Joshua Dewey, in the ownership of the 
 first saw-mill erected in the town. He was one of the proprietors of 
 Northfield, and, doubtless, for this reason alone, the proprietors of that 
 town held some of their earliest meetings in his house. It seems 
 probable that the inn kept by Stephen Tilden was the first one in the 
 town, and the nest was that kept by Benj. Burch, at or near Quechee 
 Village. 
 
 The first hotel in West Hartford was built about the year 1790, by 
 Francis W. Savage, who kept it until his death in 1817. Soon after his 
 death this house was closed as an inn. His son-in-law, David Hazen, 
 subsequently lived in the same house until his death in 1854. It then 
 passed into the hands of W. H. and S. B. Tucker, and after several 
 transfers, became the property of W. H. Gile, the present occupant. 
 
 In 1838, Alvan Taoker opened a hotel in the village of West Hartford, 
 which was kept by him untU 1840. The proprietors of this house, in 
 the order of occupancy, have been as follows : — Alvan Tacker, Samuel 
 C Sawyer, C. C. Eowell, Stephen S. Downer, James Merchant, Joseph 
 Morrill, Albert E. Williamson, Chas. H. Thurston, Harry M. Cutting, 
 Alpheus Kempton, and Frank Wheeler, who has recently purchased the 
 premises, and is now making extensive alterations and improvements on 
 the buildings. This hotel is located on the south side of the highway, 
 opposite F. F. Holt's store, and is one of the oldest houses in the town. 
 It was built for a brewery, and was the only establishment of the kind 
 ever known in the town. 
 
 The first building in Hartford village serving as a public house was 
 the residence of the late Josiah Tilden, on the south side of the river 
 near railroad station. Mr. Tilden bought the land on which he 
 built this house, of Jabez Baldwin. The first school in this village 
 was kept in Mr. Tilden's barn, and the last meeting held by the pro- 
 prietors of this town was held in his house. The first public house on 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 349 
 
 the north side of the river, was kept by Asa Richardson, in the house 
 occupied by the late M. R. Cone. In 1812, Mr. Richardson sold this 
 hotel to William Strong of Quechee, who kept it untU March 25th, 
 1815, and then sold it to Noah Ashley. Four months later Mr. Ashley 
 sold it to Consider Bardwell. Mr. Bardwell sold it to Theodore Cooley, 
 Aug. 16, 1815. Mr. Cooley sold it to George and Bani Udall, Feb. 21, 
 1820. The latter then closed the Richardson hotel, and continued the 
 business in a house standing on the site occupied by Pease's hotel. 
 July 6th, 1821, George Udall sold his interest in the hotel and some 
 land attached to the same, to Bani Udall. Some years later Mr. Udall 
 became financially embarrassed, and disposed of his interest in the said 
 property to Hodgman and others. Ultimately this party sold their 
 purchase to Tracy & Converse, lawyers in Woodstock, and this law firm 
 sold their interest in the property to Luther Pease, Dec. 4, 1848. This 
 famous hotel was burned January 24, 1889. It was the subject of 
 numerous transfers and leases. The owners have been Asa Richardson, 
 Wm. Strong, Noah Ashley, Consider Bardwell, Theodore Cooley, Geo. 
 and Bani Udall, Hodgman, Tracy & Converse, Luther Pease and Horace 
 C. Pease, the latter receiving it as his share of Luther's estate. The 
 lessees have been Samuel Whitney, Phineas Kimball, Wm. Spooner, 
 Geo. Sturtevant, Sturtevant & Webster, Ira Gates, O. H. Nichols, Chas. 
 J. Holmes, Thompson, John Pease, George Pearson, Alonzo P. Gage, 
 H. E. Harris and its last occupant, M. S. Davis. Charles W. Pease 
 run this hotel for some years after the retirement of H. C. Pease, and, 
 during one year, at least, used his fine residence on School street for a 
 public house. 
 
 On the site of the elegant mansion recently erected at White River 
 Junction, by Wm. Roberts, Esq., there once stood a hotel which was 
 opened to the public for the first time by Consider Bardwell,' in 1811. 
 Bardwell sold this hotel to Noah Ashley, Nov. 7, 1815. Ashley sold the 
 same to Elias Lyman, June 22, 1816. Among the later proprietors of 
 the hotel were Luther Delano and Ahira Gillett, the latter in 1825. 
 
 A public inn was opened at the centre of the town at an early day. The 
 
 ' Consider Bardwell was an eccentric man, irascible in temper, and consequently, 
 often at variance with others. But, though prone to quarrel, he loved a good joke 
 at the expense of his acquaintainces, and seldom let slip an opportunity to indulge 
 this propensity. On one occasion, after an altercation with one of his customers, 
 over their cups, they mutually agreed to settle their differences by a duel with shot- 
 guns. At the appointed hour his adversary put in his appearance, armed with a 
 shot-gun. Being busily engaged in some duty Bardwell said to the man : — " Tom, 
 I'll tell you what I'll do : you go out and set up a board about my size, and shoot at 
 it, and if you hit it I'll acknowledge myself killed and treat the crowd! " This 
 ludicrous proposition had the effect of oil upon troubled waters, and ended the 
 farce, much to the satisfaction of the crowd who drank all round at the expense of 
 both parties to the quarrel. 
 
350 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 first landlord there, so far as I am able to learn, was Freegrace Leavitt, 
 who moved from Hanover, N. H., to the centre of the town, January 4, 
 1794, after which time his house bore the title of " Leavitt's Inn.'" All 
 the public business of the town was transacted at that point until 1840. 
 Mr. Leavitt was elected town clerk in March, 1802. 
 
 Prior to the completion of the Central Vermont railroad, the main 
 route of travel between the eastern portion of Hartford and "Wood- 
 stock, passed directly by Leavitt's Inn. Mr. Leavitt was a shrewed, 
 keen observer of men and things, and he was not long in learning the 
 fact that a great majority of those who went to court at Woodstock to 
 obtain justice, found themselves in the end, in the condition of the man 
 who went for wool and returned home shorn. Mr. Leavitt was some- 
 thing of a wag, and he hit upon a novel way of pointing a moral for all 
 those who traveled to and from the county seat. On the sign board 
 suspended from a tall post standing in front of his house, he caused to 
 be painted two pictures. One represented a genteelly-dressed man 
 mounted on a spirited-looking, finely caparisoned horse, on the road to 
 Woodstock. Below this figure was the legend, " I'm going to court ! " 
 The picture on the reverse side of the sign, represented a man return- 
 ing from Woodstock, and in a pitiable plight. His face wore an expres- 
 sion of sullen despair ; his hat was awry ; his garments were thread- 
 bare, and the animal he was riding resembled that described in the old 
 song : — 
 
 " Tom Bolin rode an old gray mare, 
 Her back humped up, her bones all bare." 
 
 "Under this picture was the apt and instructive legend, " I've been to 
 court ! " This sign taught a lesson, which, if properly heeded, would 
 lead all persons to submit matters of disagreement to the consideration 
 and decision of two or three men chosen by mutual consent, rather than 
 enter into law suits which impoverish litigants on both sides of a case 
 for the benefit of lawyers only. 
 
 About the time of the construction of the Vermont Central railroad, 
 Col. Samuel Nutt, recognizing the importance of having hotel accom- 
 modations, at White River Junction, went to Endfield, N. H., and pur- 
 chased the old "Grafton House," of a Mr. Willis. This he took down 
 and transferred to W. E. Junction, where he reconstructed it, and opened 
 it to the public under the name of the Junction House, of which he was 
 sole proprietor and landlord for several years thereafter. On the 27th day 
 of March, 1856, I. B. Culver, a son-in-law of Col. Nutt's, sold the bote 
 to Carlos S. Hamilton, who, 25th March, 1859, sold one-half to the 
 
 ' Now the dwelling house of Oliver Tewksbury. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 351 
 
 Barrens. About the year 1852, Elizur Southworth erected a hotel on 
 the site now occupied by N. P. Wheeler's store. August 3, 1853, this 
 hotel was bought by John P. Williams, and March 11, 1854, he sold it 
 to one of the Barrons. It was soon after moved and united with the 
 Junction House. On the 10th of August, 1878, this hotel was en- 
 tirely destroyed by fire. It was a den of wickedness and its destruction 
 should have been regarded by the senior proprietor thereof as the 
 natural sequence of the unrestricted looseness that characterized his 
 system of running this public house. The present Junction House was 
 completed in 1879. The proprietors since that time have been respect- 
 ively as follows : Ballard & Andrews ; Chas. Ballard ; Van Ness 
 Spaulding, and now. Lavender & Eddy. 
 
 On the site of Channing Williams' store in Quechee village, there 
 
 once stood a hotel, which was destroyed by fire in . Among the 
 
 preprietors of this hotel were, George Udall, the builder of the house 
 together with a store, Daniel Gushing (1838), Wm. E. Eastman (1839), 
 Lester Richardson (1841). 
 
 Geo. Udall kept a hotel for some time on the old Woodstock road 
 west of the James Udall place. Zebulon Delano kept a hotel for a num- 
 ber of years at the junction of the Whita river turnpike and the Jericho 
 road, where Fred Huse resides. Joshua Eyder kept a hotel two miles 
 from White River village on the hill road to Windsor. 
 
CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 A famous author once said : " No species of writing seems more 
 worthy of cultivation than biography, since none can be more delightful 
 or more useful ; none can enchain the heart with irresistible interest, or 
 more widely diffuse instruction to every diversity of condition." 
 
 In preparing the following sketches of citizens " native to the manor 
 born," and others, as well, I have aimed to exhibit merely a chronologi- 
 cal series of actions or experiences, or facts, the most important and 
 interesting in the lives of those of whom I write, ignoring the minute 
 details of their daily life, and laying open to posterity but little, if any- 
 thing, of their private and familiar character. They are not accorded 
 a place in this history out of respect for their learning, integrity or 
 piety, nor because especially distinguished by any striking or wonder- 
 ful vicissitudes of fortune, or destiny, but simply because they may be 
 looked upon as representative men and citizens, whose characters, 
 though not worthy of the highest panegyric, should be deemed emi- 
 nently worthy of emulation and remembrance. 
 
 Samuel Johnson Allen. 
 
 Eighth child of David and Hannah (Wilcox) Allen, was born in New- 
 port, N. H., Jan. 8, 1819, and died at his residence in White River 
 Junction at half past five o'clock on Sunday afternoon last, at the age 
 of sixty- seven years, six months and twenty days. 
 
 Dr. Allen was educated in the common schools and academies of his 
 native section, and chose the profession of medicine. In 1839 he com- 
 menced the study of medicine with Dr. John L. Swett of Newport, and 
 subsequently studied with Dr. Dixi Crosby. He graduated from Castle- 
 ton Medical CoUege in 1842. In October of the same year he settled in 
 Norwich, where he performed his first surgical operation in the success- 
 ful removal of a tumor from the body of a womaai. From Norwich he 
 returned, in Jan., 1844, to Woodstock, where he opened a drug store in 
 connection with his practice. In June, 1845, he settled in Hartford, 
 Conn., and there resided until March 1847, when he returned to Ver- 
 mont and settled in White River Junction, where he has since resided. 
 
 On the opening of the civil war, he volunteered his services to the 
 government, and in July, 1861, he was commissioned as surgeon of. the 
 Fourth Vermont Volunteer Militia, and went to the front of hostilities, 
 where for one year he attended to the needs of his regiment, but subse- 
 quently, until the expiration of his term of enlistment, was detailed on 
 special service. On the 15th of Dec, 1862, he was appointed surgeon 
 of the Vermont brigade, which office he filled for three months. He 
 was then promoted to the post of surgeon of the Second Division, Sixth 
 
HISTORY OF HARTB'ORD. 353 
 
 Army Corps. This position he filled until Sept. 21, 1864, when he was 
 honorably mustered out of service, and returned home for a brief visit. 
 He soon returned to the army and was appointed Acting Staff Surgeon 
 U. S. A., and was assigned to duty in the Sixth Army Corps as Medical 
 Inspector, which office he retained until his final muster out in July, 
 1865. Dr. Allen was present at every notable engagement in which his 
 command bore a part from after the battle of Bull Run to the close of 
 the war. He was twice wounded in the course of the same day at 
 Opequan Creek. , 
 
 On his return to civil life Dr. Allen resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession at White River Junction. His ability and skill have given him 
 fame and an extensive practice beyond the limits of his state. In the 
 courts of Vermont and New Hampshire his services as an expert have 
 often been called into requisition. His contributions to medical science 
 and surgical art have been of remarkable value. He discovered the 
 simplest and best method known to the profession of reducing disloca- 
 tions of the hip ; he introduced a new method of treating fractured and 
 dislocated clavicle so as to avert the usual resultant deformity ; and in- 
 vented a new method of finding bullets in the body without using the 
 probe. The first discovery was effected while he was a student in 1841, 
 and is now known as the automatic metbod of reduction. 
 
 Dr. Allen was a member of several medical societies. In 1878 he was 
 elected president of the "White Mountain Medical Society, and in 1883 
 was sent as a delegate by the Vermont Medical Society to the American 
 Medical Association convened in Cleveland, O. He was one of the con- 
 sulting surgeons of the Mary Fletcher Hospital in Burlington from its 
 organization until his decease. He represented the town of Hartford 
 in the General Assembly of 1880 and '82, and officiated as chairman of 
 the Committee on the Insane, and also as chairman of the committee of 
 the Board of Health. In 1880 he was chosen chairman of the Board of 
 Supervisors of the Insane, to which office he was re-elected in 1882. He 
 was a member of the Congregationalist church in West Lebanon, N. H. 
 He was a member of United Brethren Lodge, F. & A. M., of Hartford, 
 and was post surgeon of Abraham Lincoln Post No. 85, of Hartford. 
 
 Dr. Allen was married on the 11th of June, 1844, to Mary J., daugh- 
 ter of the late Lewis Lyman of Hartford, and has, since 1847, resided 
 in the house where Mrs. Allen was born. The issue of this marriage is ' 
 three sons, Samuel Johnson, Jr., Fred Lyman and Harry Bruce. 
 
 Justin C. Beooks. 
 
 Son of Zerah Brooks, born March 16, 1801, was a merchant by vocation. 
 He served an apprenticeship with Emerson and Davis, merchants in 
 Hartford village. Before settling in business in Hartford, he went to 
 Springfield, Vt., where he remained about three years. The exact date 
 of his return to Hartford and beginning business for himself, is a mat- 
 ter of doubt. On the 30th of May, 1831, he bought of Thomas Emer- 
 son the premises how known as the " Brooks residence," where he lived 
 during the remainder of his life. His mercantile career extended over a 
 period of more than fifty years, and, during that time, he won an envi- 
 able reputation by his many noble qualities of mind and heart, daily ex- 
 emplified by manly, upright, uniformly affable and obliging conduct in 
 his business and social relations with all men; strictly honest, methodi- 
 cal, conscientious, habitually accurate and a beautiful penman, it was a 
 
 33 
 
354 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 pleasure to transact business with him, whether of a public or a private 
 nature. 
 
 Mr. Brooks was elected treasurer of the town in March, 1839, and 
 held that office continually until March, 1875, when failing health led 
 him to decline a re-election. He held the office of town clerk for three 
 years, 1860-62, and was clerk of the White River Bridge Co. from Nov. 
 1, 1848, to the date of the dissolution of that company, April 14, 
 1858. 
 
 In March, 1875, Mr. Brooks resigned the office of town treasurer. 
 The following extract taken from a record of the town meeting, held 
 soon after he tendered his resignation, shows how highly his services 
 were esteemed by his fellow townsmen, viz : 
 
 " In corLsideration of the invaluable services of Justin C. Brooks, for the last 
 thirty-eiglit years ti'easurer of the tovsna, and who declines a re-election, and for 
 reasons of his peouUar care for the interests of the town, and general and partic- 
 ular faithfulness in said office; it was moved, and unanimously voted, that the 
 selectmen be instructed to pay him out of the town ti-easui-y the sum of §500, 
 after full settlement be had with him and his bondsmen." — Vote passed Mai-cli 2, 
 1875. 
 
 David M. Camp, 
 
 the son of Abel and Anna Manning Camp, was born in Tunbridge, April 
 21, 1788. Abel, the father, removed with his family to West Hartford, 
 in 1804, and having accumulated considerable property, he at once took a 
 prominent place in town affairs, and lived and died a highly respected 
 citizen. He was a very intelligent man, and recognizing the value and 
 importance of a good education, he evinced a liberal spirit in helping 
 his children to obtain the same. The subject of this sketch had the com- 
 mon experience of Vermont boys in those days. He was reared in a ver- 
 itable log-cabin, to the age of 14, having a sister and two brothers older 
 than himself. In the autumn of 1806, when 18 years of age, he entered 
 Burlington college with seventeen others who graduated with him, 
 among whom were several distinguished men afterwards in Vermont, 
 chief among them being the distinguished Senator Jacob Collamer and 
 the accomplished Secretary of State Norman Williams. It was a re- 
 markable coincidence that Mr. Camp was the first president of the Ver- 
 mont Senate, and Mr. Williams the first secretary. Their portraits now 
 grace the Senate Chamber. 
 
 Mr. Camp was graduated in 1810. He returned to Hartford soon 
 after, and at freeman's meeting, in September of that year, took the 
 freeman's oath and voted for Jonas Galusha for governor. Mr. Camp 
 adopted the law as his profession, and began his studies with Wm. 
 Bray ton, Esq., S wanton, Vt. He was admitted to the Franklin county 
 bar at the August term, 1812, and as a lawyer stood well. In the war of 
 1812, he was chosen collector of customs, and after a short service at 
 Swanton, he went to Derby, where the greater part of the smuggling 
 was carried on. The business was very distasteful to him, but, after a 
 few years, when the embargo was removed and an ppen and friendly in- 
 tercourse established, he chose to continue at his post, and remained as 
 collector until 1829. In 1815, he was State's attorney of Orleans county. 
 In 1816-17, he represehted Derby in the General Assembly. He was 
 assistant judge of the Orleans County Court in 1830, '32, '34, '35, and 
 1843. In 1834-5, he again represented Derby in the Legislature. 
 
 In 1836, when the amended constitution of the State creating a Sen- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 355 
 
 ate went into operation, and the new State House was completed, he 
 was elected lieutenant-governor and ex-officio president of the Senate, 
 which ofB.ce.he held for five consecutive years. Afterwards, in 1842, '3, 
 ^4, he was county senator from Orleans county, his last official services. 
 Mr. Camp was a man of large intelligence, strong convictions, and was 
 conscientious and fearless in the discharge of every duty. He was fore- 
 most in efforts for the promotion of education and the reformation of 
 society. In 1831, he reported a resolution to the Congregational church 
 of Derby against the traffic in, and common use of ardent spirits, which 
 was adopted 13 to 7 ; and, in 1842, he reported to the same church a 
 series of anti-slavery resolutions, and they were unanimously adopted. 
 These measures indicate the character of the man. 
 
 Mr. Camp was twice married, first to Sarepta, daughter of Francis 
 W. Savage of West Hartford, Sept. 28, 1815. The fruit of this mar- 
 riage was thirty-seven years of pleasant domestic life, and three child- 
 ren, Norman, now residing in Washington, D. C. ; Hoel H., who re- 
 sides in Milwaukee, Wis., and Mrs. Harriet Weed, who resides in 
 Minneapolis, Minn. The family circle was broken by the death of 
 Mrs. Camp, May 15, 1852, aged 59. His second' marriage was with 
 Miss Almira Howe of Montpelier, who survives him. Mr. Camp died 
 in Derby, Feb'y 20, 1871, aged 83, minus two months; ending a life of 
 honor and usefulness in a peaceful death, and passing from this to an 
 eternal life in the ripeness of a good old age. 
 
 Nathan Cobb. 
 
 (Sketch contributed by Nathan B. Cobb.) 
 
 Nathan Cobb, son of Stephen and Abigail (Chipman) Cobb, was 
 b)orn in Sandwich, Mass., August 13, 1763. He was fourth in line of 
 descent from Henry Cobb, long a ruling elder in Rev. John Lothrop's 
 church in Barnstable, Mass. 
 
 Nathan entered the American army in April, !|.776, before he had 
 arrived at the age of thirteen years. Was enlisted by Lieut. Stephen 
 Fish, his brother-in-law, in a company commanded by Capt. Grannis, 
 for the term of six months. He was immediately sent to Naushon 
 Island, where the company was stationed for the purpose of guarding 
 the fort and military stores at that place. While he was on the island 
 a British tender ran under the guns of the fourt. A cannon was fired 
 at her and the shot cut off her yard-arm. The vessel immediately 
 " cleared out," leaving word at Martha's Vineyard, as we heard, " that 
 the British fleet would pay us for it." 
 
 Nathan's term expired after " Indian harvest," to use the term he 
 used in his pension declaration, and he returned to his parents in Sand- 
 wich. In July, 1779, he re-enlisted, joining a company of minute men 
 commanded by Capt. Joshua Toby, and called out to defeat the threat- 
 ened attempt of the loyalists and refugees to Falmouth. The enlist- 
 ment was for the term of three months. Nearly half this tiine the 
 company was at Howland's Ferry, R. I., to which point it first marched, 
 and about half the time at Falmouth. His brother Jacob enlisted when 
 Nathan did, serving with him during the term, and was discharged at 
 the same time. 
 
 At the close of the war Nathan bade adieu to his home and went to 
 Randolph, Vt., where had settled his brother Jacob and his brother-in- 
 law, Stephen Fish, mentioned above. Many stories had been told in 
 
356 HISTORY OF HARTFORD 
 
 the army of the wonderful richness of the soil "way up in Vermont." 
 " Why, the very mountain-tops were fertile and you could get good 
 crops as high up as you could get oxen and plough ! " But Nathan did 
 not like here and, in a little while, he made his way to Hanover, N. H., 
 and there engaged in his occupation of blacksmith. The writer of this 
 account heard him narrate that walking along the street, one day, he 
 saw sitting at a chamber window a young lady, a stranger, attired in 
 low dress with short sleeves. As he looked upon her it was impressed 
 upon him, in a supernatural way, as he believed, that she was to be his 
 wife. He soon ascertained that the maiden was Lyclia Bliss of Lebanon, 
 Conn., and then visiting her relatives, President Wheelock and the 
 Pinneos in Hanover. A mutual attachment sprang up between these 
 young people and the impression soon was realized, — Nathan accom- 
 panying Miss Lydia to her home in Connecticut and marrying her there. 
 After their marriage, his wife resolved to be a help meet indeed, 
 learned to perform some of the lighter work of her husband's trade, 
 among other things the pointing of shoeing nails. Nathan held the 
 office of deputy sheriff in this town nine years. 
 
 In 1805 he removed to Hartford, living upon a farm in Centreville 
 until the infirmities of age came upon him. He died in this town 
 March 24, 1845, aged 81 years, 8 months, V days. His wife, Lydia 
 (Bliss), survived him only five days, dying at the age of 78 yeai's, 8 
 months, 21 days. The remains of this aged couple were interred at 
 the burying ground near " the Point." Nathan was tall and erect in 
 form ; a member of the Congregational church ; in politics, a whig. 
 
 He had five children, all born in Hanover, namely: Daniel, who be- 
 came a lawyer and settled in Strafford, dying in that town July 26, 
 1868, at the age of 81 ; ' Nathan, Jr., a blacksmith, whose life was 
 passed in Hartford and, who deceased June 3, 1847, aged. 58; Samuel 
 B., a merchant in Montreal, and then in New York city, where he died 
 Aug. 7, 1829, at the age of 37; Lydia, who became the wife of David 
 Landers of Hartford, in which town she died July 18, 1843, aged 49; 
 and David Webster, an importer in Charleston, S. C. He died in that 
 city Sept. 8, 1835, at the age of 34. 
 
 Hon. Albert Gallatin Dewey. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Hartford, Vt., December 16, 
 1805, and died Aug. 26, 1886, aged 80 years, 8 mos. and 10 days. He 
 was the eldest child of John and Mary (Wright) Dewey, and was a 
 member of the seventh generation in lineal descent from Thomas 
 Dewey, who emigrated- to America in 1633 from Sandwich, county of 
 Kent, England, and settled in Dorchester, Mass. John Dewey, father 
 of Albert G., was a farmer who, though having limited pecuniary means, 
 was, nevertheless, possessed of sterling moral and intellectual qualities, 
 which were transmitted in an eminent degree to his descendents. He 
 died November 23, 1823, leaving a wife and five children, three of whom 
 were under 8 years of age. By the death of his father Albert G., then 
 eighteen years of age, became charged with the support of his mother, 
 brother, and three sisters. At this period of his life he had received no 
 education, in a literary sense, and though he had not been subjected to 
 the blighting influences of poverty that surround thousands in early 
 
 ' Nathan B. Cobb, the present (1889) Town Clerk of Strafford, Vt. , is a son of 
 Daniel Cobb, and a grandson of Nathan Cobb, the subject of the above sketch. 
 
^y. 
 
 Jdkircfj?olitanIUbU3hin0 dSn^ravniQ Co.Boatorh. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 357 
 
 life, and was not able to bear the bitter testimony which many young 
 men of his age could have given of actual want and suffering, yet he 
 had been the subject of circumstances which tended to hamper genius 
 and keep in a latent state the higher faculties of his heart and mind. 
 But, now, on the verge of manhood, a weighty responsibility was im- 
 posed upon him, and to his infinite credit he proved to be equal to the 
 exigencies of the occasion. With an intuitive sense of his responsibilities, 
 with a brave, warm, susceptible heart, a determined will and self-reliance, 
 he cheerfully and manfully accepted the situation and faithfully devoted 
 his time and his earnings to the work until his brother and sisters were 
 able to support themselves. In order to effectually perform this work 
 of love young Dewey left home to learn the carpenter's trade. He 
 served an apprenticeship of three years with Elihu Ransom of Quechee 
 village, in Hartford, during which time his sole compensation consisted 
 of his board and clothing, but in the meantime he worked nearly every 
 day far beyond the allotted hours in order to earn extra wages. His 
 habits of industry and his exemplary conduct gained him several 
 warm friends and sympathizers, who gave him credit for articles of sub- 
 sistence and loaned him money wherewith to accomplish his noble pur- 
 pose. During his apprenticeship in 1825 young Dewey, with two or 
 three other apprentices were taken by their employer to Boston in order 
 to obtain more profitable employment than was to be obtained at home. 
 The party set out to walk the entire distance, but after walking all day, 
 all but young Dewey concluded to ride the remaining distance. He, 
 however, continued the journey on foot, until he reached Cbarlestown, 
 Mass., from which place he secured a ride into Boston on a pedlar's 
 cart. This incident in his career fully illustrates the tenacity of pur- 
 pose and indomitable will which contributed largely to his eminent 
 success in business life. The experience of these three years was of 
 inestimable value to young Dewey. It taught him the value of self- 
 reliance, of industrious habits, and especially of the value of a good 
 moral character, all of which qualities he exemplified in his after life. 
 
 At the termination of his apprenticeship Mr. Dewey was discharged 
 as a journeyman carpenter, receiving from Mr. Bansom the customary 
 gift of a freedom suit of clothes. For several years 'thereafter he pur- 
 sued his trade near home. In 1831, with a desire to change his vocation 
 for one more compatible with his tastes, he sought and obtained em- 
 ployment in the machine shop of Daniels & Co., of Woodstock. The 
 reputation of this firm was such at that time that his successful applica- 
 tion for a place in this shop was a flattering recognition of his mechan- 
 ical skill. Rev. B. F. Dwight, in his " Notes of the Early History of 
 the Dewey Family," published in the New York Genealogical and Bio- 
 graphical Record, says : — " Mechanical instincts, tastes and capabilities 
 have been leading characteristics of a large number of this family." 
 Mr. Dewey had an instinct for handicraft, but he achieved his skill by 
 accurate observation and reflection. He had the power of mechanical 
 analysis which enabled him to master all the technicalities and prin- 
 ciples of construction of machinery entirely new to him. In the short 
 space of four months from the time he commenced work with Daniels & 
 Co., he was sent out by them to set up their machinery in different 
 places, which he did, travelling from factory to factory until 1836. 
 
 In 1835 Mr. Dewey, in company with others, commenced the erection 
 of what is now known as Dewey & Co.'s factory on the Ottaquechee 
 river, one mile and a half below Quechee village. Here he commenced 
 
358 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 the manufacture of woolen fabrics, but the venture proved unsuccessful, 
 and at the end of two years he found himself involved almost hopelessly 
 in debt, lacking $15,000 to liquidate his obligations. But he con- 
 tinued to run the mill with a force of from thirty to sixty operatives, 
 though there was not a day between 1838 and 1850 in which he could 
 have met the claims of his creditors at a sacrifice of all he possessed. 
 Nevertheless he kept his creditors fully informed of his affairs, promptly 
 met his papers at maturity and paid his employees in full every pay 
 day. Furthermore, he spared no pains to improve the quality of hi& 
 manufactures. He was particular in the minutest details, aimed at 
 excellence, and exhibited that carefulness and accuracy in turning out 
 good work which demonstrated that his heart was in it. This proved a 
 first rate investment for securing to himself the enviable reputation and 
 large fortune resulting therefrom. 
 
 Prior to 1841 Mr. Dewey used fine new wool in the goods made by 
 him. In that year he commenced using what was then known as rag- 
 wool, and the cloth made by him was called rag-cloth. In 1846 he came 
 into possession of all the machinery then in use by other parties in 
 Quechee. From 1846 to 1848, when the Bays of Franklin, Mass., 
 started in the business, Mr. Dewey was the only manufacturer making 
 or using shoddy yarn and weaving it into cloth, in this country. Con- 
 sequently he manufactured this kind of cloth a longer time than any 
 other manufacturer in the United States. 
 
 Shoddy itself, as material for the manufacture of woolen goods was 
 first made in this country by Daniels & Co., at Quechee, in 1840. Not 
 until the late civil war, however, was the word "shoddy " known to the 
 trade in A.merica. In England it had long been a familiar appellation of 
 the fibrous material obtained by tearing into fibres soft woolen rags. 
 " Mungo," another material used in the manufaciure of cloth, differs 
 from shoddy, being made from hard woolen rags, and from it is made a 
 cloth of much finer quality than that of which shoddy forms a part. 
 " DevU's-dust " is the the material obtained from cutting the fibres of 
 mungo or shoddy into dust. Shoddy is a valuable article of manufac- 
 ture and is wronged by the application of the name to shameless cheats 
 and frauds. 
 
 April 1, 1858, the firm of A. G. Dewey & Co., was formed by the asso- 
 ciation with Mr. Dewey of his brother-in-law, Justin T. McKenzie, and 
 his wife's nephew, William S. Carter. Changes in the firm, of which 
 Mr. Dewey remained the head, have since occurred. In 1873 Mr. Carter 
 died, and on the 1st of January, 1874, John J., son of the senior partner, 
 purchased Mr. Carter's interest in the firm. On the first of January, 1876, 
 William S., another son of the senior partner, was admitted to equal part- 
 nership. The two last named gentlemen, with Mr. McKenzie, are the 
 surviving members of the firm. 
 
 In 1858 the mUl of this firm contained only two sets of machinery, 
 capable of producing about 450 yards of textile fabric daily. In 1870 
 the firm bought the mill till then leased by them, enlarged it, substi- 
 tuted new and improved machinery, and in 1863 they had a capacity of 
 1300 yards daily. Since then continued improvements have been made, 
 and their present production is not far from 2500 yards daily. Their 
 fabrics are made from the same kind of stock used by Mr. Dewey in 
 1841, and have a reputation in the markets of the country for general 
 excellence which creates a demand proportionate to the means for pro- 
 duction. This is the legitimate result of an intelligent, upright system 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 359 
 
 of doing business, the employment of skilled laborers, who have been 
 treated with a liberal consideration of their wants and dues. 
 
 Mr. Dewey was always interested in everything promotive of the 
 growth and prosperity of his section, and, favoring internal improve- 
 ments, he was an active promoter and one of the original incorporators of 
 the railroad from White River Junction to "Woodstock. Being a large 
 stockholder, he was elected a member of the board of directors on the 
 organization of the company, and on the death of Gov. P. T. Washburn, 
 in February, 1870, he was chosen to tie office of president. He 
 retained this office until January, 1883, when he declined further re- 
 election. 
 
 In political life, Mr. Dewey acceptably filled all offices of trust to 
 which he was called. He possessed eminent business qualifications. 
 He was firm in his convictions, prompt and energetic in the per- 
 formance of duty. He was frank, thouroughly conscientious, modest 
 and deferential, yet genial and agreeable withal, and by these qualities 
 he gained the confidence of all with whom he had social or business rela- 
 tions ; and he deserved, as he received, the approbation and respect of 
 his fellow townsmen. In a word, he won the hearts of people by mak- 
 ing them feel that it was his pleasure to serve them. 
 
 Mr. Dewey represented the town of Hartford in the General Assem- 
 bly in 1850-51-63 and '64. In 1858 he was elected one of the board of 
 selectmen, and held that office continuously until 1866. During the 
 recent civU war he displayed fine executive ability in the onerous work 
 of filling the quota of troops required by the national government. 
 Every requisition was promptly met at the least possible expense to the 
 town. In 1869, he was elected to the State Senate from Windsor 
 county, and was again elected to the same office for two years in 1870. 
 Though ever ready to act the part of a good citizen, and participate in 
 a proper manner in public affairs, he refrained from soliciting public 
 office, believing with General Grant, that it is men who wait to be 
 selected, and not those who seek, from whom we may always expect the 
 most efficient service. 
 
 On the 18th of June, 1840, Mr. Dewey married Emily, daughter of 
 Hon. William Strong of Hartford. Mrs. Dewey was in all respects 
 worthy of the character of her husband, and went hand-in-hand with 
 him through the vicissitudes which marked his struggles to maintain 
 himself in business, and his character unimpeachable. Three children 
 were the fruit of this union, two sons, William S. and John J., and a 
 daughter, Emma F., now the wife of Henry C. Dennison of New Bed- 
 ford, Mass. Mrs. Dewey died April 23, 1875. On the 26th of August, 
 1876, Mr. Dewey married Miss Eveline Trumbull of Hartford, who sur- 
 vives him. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Gross. 
 
 [The first settled Minister in Hartford.] 
 
 Rev. Mr Gross graduated from Dartmouth college in 1784 at the age 
 of 25 years. His ministry over the church in Hartford lasted nearly 
 twenty-two years. He was emphatically, an able preacher, and by his 
 presence in church councils, and his services on public occasions, be- 
 came well known throughout the State. He preached the election ser- 
 mon before the Legislature of Vermont, in Woodstock, Oct. 18, 1807. 
 He was resolute in purpose, and persistent in adherence to his personal 
 
360 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 convictions on all matters of importance, whether affecting his own or 
 the interests of others. These traits he exemplified on one occssion, 
 July 22, 1792, when he was invited by the church in Woodstock to ad- 
 minister to them the sacrament of the Lord's supper. He went and the 
 church unamiously renewed their covenant. Mr. Gross likewise insisted 
 that they should renew their assent to their articles of faith mid 
 refused to administer to them unless they would do it. " This," in the 
 words of the record, " brought on a long dispute which lasted till ye 
 time for the afternoon service to begin. After ye afternoon service ye 
 matter was taken up anew, and all that were present both males and 
 females, did renew their articles of faith save only Dr. Emmons, who 
 objected against having any other test besides the Sible. * * Upon 
 this Mr. Gross offered to administer to ye rest of ye church hut not to 
 him. After much time spent in disputation ye vote was called, whether 
 ye church would defer ye administration of ye sacrament for ye present. 
 Past in the affirmative." Mr. Gross was sustained. 
 
 Mr. Gross was twice married. He married first Judith Carter, by 
 whom he had Thomas Gross, Jr., who was for several years associated 
 with a Mr. Wells in the mercantile business, in Hartford, Vt. Mrs. 
 Judith Gross died June 28, 1790. He married for his second wife the 
 widow of Thomas White Pitkin, and a daughter of Lt. Governer Joseph 
 Marsh of Hartford, by whom he had two sons. Dr. Pitkin Gross, for 
 some time a resident of Kingston, P. Q., Canada, and Horace Gross 
 who died in early manhood. Mrs. Ehoda Gross, his second wife, died 
 Aug. 7, 1805. The remains of both wives were interred in the cemetery 
 at the centre of the town. The head stones erected to their memory 
 bear respectively the following inscriptions : — " Judith, ye amiable con- 
 sort of Eev. Thomas Gross, June 28, 1790. Aetatis sum, 27. Negue 
 ulla ertant m,agro aut parva lethefuge." " Rhoda, amiable consort of 
 the Eev. Thomas Gross, who de})arted this life Aug. 7, 1805. Aetatis 
 Sum 51. Gurlugem,us am,ieus seperatos morte In credo est pax.'''' 
 
 After his dismissal from the church in Hartford, Mr. Gross removed 
 to Batavia, N. Y., where he died March 1843, aged 84 years. 
 
 Gen. Wm. B. Hazen, 
 
 Son of Stillman and Perona Penno Hazen, was born in West Hartford, 
 Vt., Sept. 27, 1830, and died in Washington, D. C, Jan. 16, 1887, aged 
 56 years, 4 months and 19 days. Of the six children of his parents, Wil- 
 liam was the fifth born. He had three sisters and two brothers. 
 
 Stillman Hazen was the second son of Eeuben and Lucretia Noble 
 Hazen. Eeuben was a farmer by occupation but spent much of bis 
 time in other pursuits. He was passionately devoted to music and did 
 much to encourage young people in its study. He was very ingenious, 
 and when upwards of sixty years of age made one of the finest double 
 bass viols to be found in this or any other country. This instrument 
 he presented to the Congregational society in West Hartford. 
 
 !1ji 1834 Stillman Hazen removed with his family to Hiram, Portage 
 County, Ohio. The journey was commenced in January and consumed 
 about six weeks' time.' Mr. Hazen settled upon an unimproved place 
 in the heart of a wilderness, built a comfortable log house to live in, 
 and entered upon the work of securing to himself a permanent home. 
 
 'At present the journey can be made in 36 hours. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 361 
 
 In speaking of his remembrances of the events of his early life. Gen. 
 Hazen said to the writer of this sketch, " We went upon a place without 
 a tree cut upon it. I remember very well when we went to live for a 
 few days with Mr. John Durkee Hazen in Garretsville, while the men 
 built us a log house, and the day we moved into it. How there was no 
 floor to a part of it, and how new and fresh the chips looked between 
 the sleepers, and how, for a long time, I was lifted up to sleep at night 
 in the half story chamber, before there were any stairs." 
 
 The neighborhood was made up entirely of Vermonters, and it was 
 but a short time before a log school house was one of the attractions of 
 that locality, drawing the young men and women from the whole coun- 
 try about. It was in that school house that Wm. B., received his early 
 schooling. The school house was half a mile away from his father's 
 house and the path to it was indicated by blazed trees. Along this 
 path for many years, in company with his brothers and sisters, William 
 trudged morning and night during school term, carrying his basket of 
 dinner and bundle of books, until he was sixteen years old. Subse- 
 quently, until he became of age, he passed several terms at academies 
 and select schools," but during this time he assisted in the farm work 
 at home during the spring and summer months ; in fact, since that time 
 and once when he was a major general, he assisted in the field at what- 
 ever work was going on. 
 
 At the age of eighteen William had earned money by piece work, 
 sufficient to enable him to make a journey away from home, and he 
 availed himself of an opportunity to visit Cincinnati. While making 
 this trip by the way of Pittsburg and down the Ohio river, life unfolded 
 itself to him in a broader and more attractive way than ever befoie, and 
 seemed to embrace much not attainable on a little farm. It became ap- 
 parent to him that a first class education was the leading consideration 
 for a young man desiring to succeed in the higher walks of life. How 
 to attain such an education without money and without influential 
 friends was his constant thought. West Point had been named to him, 
 but it seemed to him to be almost unattainable, in fact a charming 
 mythical creation beyond his reach. But by giving the matter closer 
 attf'ntion, which he was enabled to do by the aid of a schoolmate who 
 had a cousin at West Point, William found that this academy gave not 
 only a superior education, but a living profession on graduation, besides 
 inestimable social advantages ; combining, in fact, more benefits to con- 
 fer upon its alumni than any other school in the land, while the govern- 
 ment paid the expenses. 
 
 Without a single predi'ection for military life, or knowing the differ- 
 ence between a sergeant or a sergeant-major, our hero concluded that 
 West Point was the place to strive for, and he went to work determined 
 to accomplish his object. He learned that it would be two years before 
 there would be a vacancy, and he had not a friend possessing the neces- 
 sary influence to gain him the desired appointment. He therefore be- 
 tools: himself to the newspaper publishers, and all officials of prominence 
 in the nineteenth congressional district, and he soon found that hishon- 
 
 'Gen. Hazen was a classmate of the late President Garfield at the Hiram, Ohio, 
 Eclectic Institute. When the latter entered this Institute as a pupil his attention 
 was attracted to a class of three in geometry. The three persons in the class were 
 William B. Hazen, George A. Baker, now a leading citizen of Cleveland, Ohio, and 
 Miss Almeda A. Booth, who was teaching in the school and at the same time pur- 
 suing her studies in the higher mathematics and classics. 
 
363 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 est, determined ways had made him many valuable friends ; yet, while 
 many encouraged him to proceed, others threw obstacles in his way. 
 After he had obtained the promise of the appointment from the M. C. of 
 the nineteenth district, the school-mate above referred to, whom he had 
 made his confidante, and whose father, rich and influential, held some 
 whip-hand over the M. 0., got the appointment away from William. But 
 young Hazen had the satisfaction of seeing his rival fail to pass an es- 
 amination, and at last gained the warrant as cadet, but so late, after so 
 much trouble, that it gave him only a few days of grace to report at 
 West Point before he arrived at an age that would have excluded him 
 from the academy. He entered in time, however, and his military life 
 since has been the result. 
 
 Cadet Hazen entered the academy in 1851 with a class of ninety-seven, 
 of whom twenty-nine graduated, and his will to go through with honor 
 was so strong that had the work before him been much more difficult, 
 he would have persevered and accomplished his wishes. His life at 
 West Point was one of unremitting toil. The. course of study is very 
 full and extended, and the degree of proficiency required very perfect. 
 Yet, he saw in graduation so many advantages that all his life there 
 seemed to him pleasant, and its associations among the dearest of his 
 life. In a letter to the writer of this sketch. Gen. Hazen says : ''I 
 never fail to visit West Point whenever opportunity permits, and each 
 year adds new charms to it for me, and after many years of army life 
 since leaving it, I repeat that, in my opinion, no institution in our coun- 
 try, and probably in all the world, offers young men without fortune so 
 many tangible advantages in its education as West Point." 
 
 While at West Point, Cadet Hazen was cognizant of the fact that the 
 Southern chivalry controlled the academy. A few Southern young men 
 regulated its social affairs, and could pronounce their asgis and social 
 interdiction upon whom they saw fit. The flunkeyism of a majority of 
 young men of the North was very mortifying to Cadet Hazen. Going 
 as he did from the western reserve of Ohio, the congressional district of 
 Giddings and Ben Wade, and fully indoctrinated with the democratic 
 idea of social rights based upon personal character, and the enormity of 
 the crime of slavery, he came in for the lion's share of ill-will, but spoke 
 his sentiments freely and stood upon his rights as a man. 
 
 Cadet. Hazen graduated in June, 1855, and was at once appointed a 
 Brevet 2nd Lieut., 4th TJ. S. Infantry, and served with his regiment in 
 California and Oregon until 1857, when he joined the 8th Infantry in 
 Texas, to which he was promoted a 2nd Lieut, as early as September, 
 1855. While in Oregon he was engaged in several sharp Indian engage- 
 ments, and finally conducted to their reservation, at Grand Eonde 
 Agency in Yamhill county, the Eouge Eiver Indians'. During the years 
 1858-9, Lieut. Hazen, while on duty in Texas, was almost constantly on 
 scouting duty againstlndians, who then, as now, slipped away from their 
 reservations to maraud upon the people of Texas. On five successive 
 occasions he succeeded in surprising parties of Indians that had mur- 
 dered families and stclen their property. 
 
 Nov. 3, 1859, Lieut. Hazen received a dangerous gun shot wound 
 while in one of these encounters, which terminated his services in Texas. 
 For his services in Texas, he was complimented in orders from Gen. 
 Smith's headquarters five times; was brevetted a 1st Lieut, by the gov- 
 ernment, April 1, 1860, (the first compliment of the kind for Indian ser- 
 vice since the Florida war), and was presented with a sword by the peo- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 363 
 
 pie of Texas ; May 14, 1860, he was made a captain. His wouDds did 
 not permit Mm to resume military duty for one year, when he was ap- 
 pointed an instructor in infantry tactics at West Point, where he re- 
 mained untilthe breaking out of the Rebellion.' He then received the 
 appointment of colonel of the 4th Ohio Volunteers, which he recruited 
 and organized at Columbus, Ohio, in the autumn of 1861. Col. Hazen 
 joined the Army of the Cumberland at its organization in November, 
 1861, and served with that division of the army until near the end of the 
 war. 
 
 In January, 1862, he was assigned to the command of a brigade which 
 formed a part of the famous division of Gen. Nelson, which coming to 
 the support of the Army of the Tennessee at Shiloh, assisted greatly in 
 restoring the fortunes of the battle to the Union arms, and in saving the 
 entire destruction of that already discomfited army. Col. Hazen's brig- 
 ade opened the battle on the second day, and its services were conspicu- 
 ous, sustaining more than half the entire loss of the division. For this 
 service he was appointed by the president a brigadier-general, but anti- 
 West Point influences acting upon the Senate defeated his confirmation. 
 He assisted in the operations about Corinth ; commanded at Murfrees- 
 boro until our forces fell back to Louisville, and then participated at 
 Perry ville and in the pursuit of the rebel Gen. Bragg. 
 
 At Murfreesboro Col. Hazen commanded the extreme left, holding 
 the only portion of the original line that was held by the Union forces, 
 and behind which the army was reformed, facing at a right angle to its 
 original position. For this service he was again appointed and con- 
 firmed brigadier-general, in May, 1862. Continuing with the army in its 
 operations about Tulahoma, and in its advance to Chatanooga, Gen. 
 Hazen was given command of all the forces in front of that place and 
 some seventy miles above to demonstrate before the enemy, while the 
 main army moved to the right and effected a crossing of the Tennessee 
 river below the city. He then moved over and participated in the bat- 
 tle of Chatanooga, being in the thickest of the battle both days, and his 
 was the last organized command to withdraw from the battle-field. He 
 was in the defence of Chicamauga, and it was his command that was 
 selected to pass down the Tennessee river in fifty- two pontoon boats, the 
 night of Nov. 27, 1863, past Lookout Mountain and five miles of rebel 
 pickets, to seize Lookout valley, turn the rebel position and open our 
 line of supplies by the Tennessee river. This was successfully done, 
 and was the beginning of the Union successes resulting in the victory at 
 Mission Eidge. 
 
 On Dec. 23, 1863, Gen. Hazen's brigade, now consisting of nine regi- 
 ments, was directed to move out of Chatanooga to the enemy's picket 
 position near Orchard Knob. It did so in splendid style, capturing at 
 that position the 28th Alabama Infantry almost entire. The success was 
 so complete that orders were at once given to fortify the position, and 
 from this point the initiative movement was made which resulted in the 
 splendid victory of Mission Eidge, two days later. Gen. Hazen remained 
 
 'After the fall of Ft. Sumpter Gov. Dennison of Ohio appointed Garfield lieut. 
 col. and sent him to the western reserve to raise a regiment, promising to place a 
 West Point graduate in command. Garfield suggested his old friend and school 
 mate, Capt. Hazen, then in the regular army, for colonel. Gov Dennison solicited 
 of the war department the services of Capt. Hazen, but Gen. Scott declined to re- 
 lease him. Consequently Garfield was appointed colonel of the regiment raised by 
 him. Later, however. Gen. Hazen obtained leave of -absence to take command of 
 the forty-first regiment Ohio volunteer infantry. 
 
364 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 in active service during the remainder of the vrar, being engaged in 
 nearly all the engagements in the Atlantic campaign, and vyas August 
 17, 1864, transferred to the Army of the Tennessee and assigned to the 
 command of the 2nd division of the 15th army corps. At the battle of 
 Jonesboro, resulting in the evacuation of Atlanta, Gen. Hazen's division 
 bore a conspicuous part, and in the campaign to the sea his division 
 formed the right of Sherman's army. At the assault and capture of Ft. 
 McAllister, near Savannah, Dec. 13, 1864, by Gen. Hazen's divisions, he 
 directed the movement in person, and by it opened up the supplies to 
 the famishing army and made complete a campaign of the utmost im- 
 portance to the Union arms. 
 
 Gen. Hazen's division bore a part in the battle of Bentonville, N. C, 
 and he w^as May 18, 1865, assigned by the president to the command of 
 tlie fifteenth qrmy corps, having been appointed a major-general of vol- 
 unteers for the capture of Port McAllister, to date from Dec 13, 1864. 
 At the close of the war, Gen. Hazen spent the summer of 1866 in inpect- 
 ing the vrestern country. He traveled through Nebraska, Colorado, 
 Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Utah and Nevada, reaching Calafornia in 
 November, returning by the Isthmus of Panama. On his return he 
 found himself colonel of the 38th infantry, but he was in May, 1869, 
 transferred to the 6th infantry, as colonel of that regiment, with the 
 rank of brevet major-general, and was stationed at Fort Gibson, Texas, 
 until 1871. In September, 1871, Gen. Hazen went to Europe and joined 
 the headquarters of the German army then closing its lines about Paris, 
 and remained at Versailles until he had thoroughly studied the organiz- 
 ation and characterstics of that army. He also gathered there the 
 material for a work published by the Harpers, entitled " The School 
 and the Army in Germany and France." Before going to Europe, Gen. 
 Hazen had married Miss Millie, daughter of Washington McLean, Esq., 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 15, 1871. 
 
 On his return from Europe Gen. Hazen was sent with his regiment to 
 Fort Buford, Dakota, where he remained till 1879, except in 1876-77, 
 when he was military attache at Vienna. 1880, after a brief service in 
 Colorado, he was appointed by President Hayes a brigadier general, U. 
 S. A., and chief signal officer, and stationed in Washington, which posi- 
 tion he continued to fill until his death. 
 
 Gen. Hazen was assigned to the command of the signal service 
 December 15, 1880, and, on the 17th of that month, he accepted the 
 position and immediately entered upon his duties. He succeeded the 
 late Gen. Meyer, and on taking charge he began to inaugurate such 
 changes in the system of the service as he thought beneficial. During 
 the first year of his command he established the school of instruction at 
 Fort Meyer, and through his efforts brought that place up to a high 
 service of efficiency. He also raised the personnel of the corps, inaugu- 
 rating improvements in the form of receiving and distributing the weather 
 reports. He instituted the press bulletins and the system of forecasts 
 of weather for periods exceeding twenty-four hours. He also entered 
 into communication with international bodies, thereby creating an 
 exchange of weather reviews, and among other things, were the exten- 
 sion of special frost warnings for the protection of farmers and their 
 crops. He also prepared new hygrometric tables and arranged for orig- 
 inal investigations into atmospheric electricity. He made improve- 
 ments in aerometry and actrinometry. He published in quarto form a 
 number of professional papers. To secure efficiency in the signal corps, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 365 
 
 and to induce others to become interested on the subject of meteorolo- 
 gy, he offered prizes for great merit for meteorological subjects. He 
 originated the two arctic expeditions in 1881, one to Franklin Bay ; and 
 the other to Point Barrow, both co-operating with similar expeditions 
 for scientific research in the polar region from foreign countries. 
 Through his instrumentality he greatly improved the methods of dis- 
 seminating predictions, by adding the railway bulletin, railway signal, 
 and weather and temperature signals. 
 
 As he continued in office Gen. Hazen made other improvements, and 
 important changes in the internal workings of the central office by estab- 
 lishing the office of an auditor, whose duty was to examine all accounts and 
 disbursement of funds ; by the establishment of a laboratory, creating a 
 bureau of marine divisions and by instituting a permanent indication 
 board. He increased the signal stations in Alaska and in the distant 
 northwest. He did all that he could to advance scientific research, in 
 order that his office might thereby he benefited. He introduced meth- 
 ods of improved barometric observations. He constantly added im- 
 provements to the monthly reviews and summary of the weather ; also 
 in the text books and charts. He stimulated the formation of State 
 weather bureaus, believing that each State could make up its own local 
 forecasts, while the predictions of general storms and severe weather 
 could be left with the signal office. As a consequence, twenty -five States 
 are now carrying out his ideas. 
 
 Gen. Hazen died of diabetic coma. His wife and son were in France 
 at the time of his heath. The funeral took place from St. Johns church 
 Tuesday afternoon, Jan. 19. The remains, followed by a military escort, 
 signal service officers and a large number of citizens, were taken to 
 Oak Hill and there placed temporarily to await Mrs. Hazen's return. A 
 large number of army and navy officers attended the funeral, among 
 them Gen. Sheridan and staff, Gens. Eucker, Townshend, Meiggs, 
 Ingalls ; Admirals Worden, Eogers and Fabre. 
 
 Gen. Hazen was a brave officer, cool and collected on the battlefield, 
 was a good strategist and an able commander ; was greatly respected 
 and honored in military circles, and sustained a clean record as a citizen- 
 soldier. He was a genial companion, an accomplished scholar, a devoted 
 lover of his country, and his name will ever be associated with those of 
 the firm and faithful, the tried and the true. Of such a man the people 
 of his native town may well be proud. 
 
 Haevey Freegbace Leavitt. 
 
 Son of Freegrace and Jerusha (Loomis) Leavitt, was born in Hart- 
 ford, Vt., Dec. 1, 1796. He prepared for college at Royalton Academy 
 and at Moore's Charity School, Hanover, N. H. In 1812, he entered 
 Dartmouth College, where he remained three years, and then, on account 
 of the bitter political controversy involving the college, he transferred 
 his connection to Yale, where he was graduated in 1816. 
 
 After graduation he pursued the study of law in the office of Eeeyes 
 & Gould in Litchfield, Conn., about one year, completing his studies 
 with Shipherd & Parker in Granville, N. Y., and was admitted to the 
 bar of the Supreme Court of New York in Albany, Jan. 9, 1820. He 
 immediately formed a co-partnership with Hon. Henry Walton of Sara 
 toga Springs, which continued for six years with increasing success. At 
 Saratoga he first made a profession of religion, uniting with the Pres- 
 
366 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 byterian church, in which he also became an elder and the superintend- 
 ent of the Sabbath School. He developed rare gifts and zeal in methods 
 of Christian activity and thus began his practical study of theology. In 
 1826, his business partnership was dissolved and he removed to his 
 native town, Hartford, continuing there his law practice in connection 
 with farming until the summer of 1828. His activity in Christian labor 
 was also continued in the Sabbath School and in conference meetings, 
 established and sustained in White River Village, chiefly by himself. 
 
 Here occurred the crisis in his mind which induced a change from 
 his chosen profession to that of the ministry. His purpose was to go 
 immediately to Andover, but by the advice of Eev. Samuel Goddard and 
 others he was persuaded to apply to the Windsor Association for license, 
 which was granted at once, and in January, 1830, he commenced labor 
 as stated sxipply of the church in Strafford, Vt., at which place he was 
 ordained as an evangelist 29th June following. Mr. Leavitt remained 
 upwards of six years receiving a salary of from $235 to $350, $100 of 
 which was regular from the Vt. Domestic Missionary Society. During 
 this period, amidst an unparalleled opposition, the little church was 
 nearly quadrupled in membership ; a meeting-house was erected, and 
 also a parsonage, in which work the sympathy and aid of neighboring 
 churches was secured to the amount of nearly $1,000 by Mr. Leavitt's 
 own efforts. 
 
 He removed from Strafford to Vergennes, in July, 1836, and Aug. 31, 
 1836, was installed pastor of that church. During his pastorate here of 
 nearly twenty-four years, the church became strong and influential and 
 for several years was the second in membership in the county. March 
 19, 1860, he was dismissed by advice of council, at his own request. 
 He immediately removed to Middlebury, where, in 1861, he assumed the 
 charge of the Female Seminary, his wife becoming the Principal. There 
 he remained six years. In 1867, on account of the failure of the health 
 of Mrs. Leavitt, her position in the Seminary was relinquished, and by 
 invitation of the church in Perrisburg he removed to that place where 
 he remained about two and one-half years, and then returned to Middle- 
 bury, relinquishing all purpose of further regular ministerial labor. 
 
 Early in 18 "7 3, by the death of Mrs. Leavitt, his home was broken 
 up, and a few months later he removed to Grinnell, Iowa, where he was 
 again married, and soon passed to his reward. He died Nov. 11, 1874, 
 of pneumonia, and his remains were brought to Vergennes for burial. 
 
 Mr. Leavitt was married Feb. 6, 1821, to Miss Minerva S. Shipherd 
 of Granville, N. Y. She died at Vergennes, Oct. 10, 1843. He mar- 
 ried 2d, Aug. 12, 1845, Mrs. Nancy Miranda Miner, widow of Rev. 
 Lamson Miner. She died at Middlebury, March 20, 1873. He was 
 again married Nov. 20, 1873, at Grinnell, Iowa, to Mrs. Elizabeth L. 
 Chatterton, who survives him. He had three children, all of whom 
 died in early life. He was corresponding secretary of the general con- 
 vention from the institution of the office in 1845 to 1852; for many 
 years was one of the directors of the Vermont Domestic Missionary 
 Society, and upon the creation of the Fairbanks Board for the relief of 
 disabled and needy clergymen, in 1856, to his removal from the State 
 in 1873, was annually chosen a member of the Board and was its chair- 
 man for many years. By a legacy and contributions from a few of the 
 churches, secured through his efforts, there was also formed the nucleus 
 of a permanent fund for the relief of orphans and widows of deceased 
 ministers of the State. In 1839 he was chosen a member of the cor- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 867 
 
 poration of Middlebuiy College, and for thirty-five years was almost 
 uniformly present at its meetings and active in its interests. He re- 
 ceived the honorary degree of A. M. from Williams College in 1820, 
 and from Middlebnry in 1857. 
 
 Elias Lyman, 3d. 
 
 The puritan founder of the Lyman family in America was Richard 
 Lyman, who was born at High Ongar^ England, in 1580. 
 
 His wife was Sarah Osborne, a lady of some wealth, and good social 
 standing, but who was willing to abandon the comfortable English 
 home to seek, with her husband, amid the dangers of colonial life, 
 " freedom to worship God." 
 
 Thev sailed, with their children, on the ship Lyon, for America in 
 1631. ' 
 
 Among the sixty passengers who made the voyage were Martha 
 Winthrop, third wife of Gov. John Winthrop; and John Elliot, the 
 celebrated apostle to the Lidians. The Lyon made Boston harbor Nov. 
 4, 1631, and was received by the colonists with great joy. For a week 
 the newly arrived guests were treated to every delicacy the country 
 could produce — venison, wild fowl and the fish of the streams and sea 
 being brought to them in abundance. 
 
 Mr. Lyman resided in the vicinity of Boston for about a year, and in 
 November, 1632, joined the colonists who made the dangerous and 
 memorable journey from Massachusets to Connecticut, where they 
 founded the city of Hartford, and where Richard Lyman died in 1640. 
 It is said, in the early records of the settlement, that at one time Mr. 
 Lyman's religious faith became clouded, but that he experienced " some 
 reviving " under Elliott's fervid preaching, and that at the last, the 
 cloud lifted. His name is inscribed on the monument raised to the 
 memory of the founders of the city. 
 
 His three sons were Richard, John and Robert. John removed to 
 Northampton, Mass., where he died in 1690. His son John resided at 
 South Farms, Northampton, and there kept a public house. He was 
 succeeded by his son, Elias, and he in time by a son and namesake, who 
 raised a large family of sons and daughters. 
 
 The eldest child was Justin, and the second Elias 3d, the subject of 
 this sketch. Elias Lyman, 3d, wasborta at Northampton, Feb. 23, 1768. 
 His father was a farmer and a sterling man of affairs, but he was not 
 able to assist his elder sons to obtain a liberal education, although two 
 of the younger sons, Simeon and Job, were graduated at Dartmouth. 
 Justin and Elias learned what they could in the Northampton schools 
 and meanwhile worked manfully on the farm and at flat boating on the 
 river, until each obtained his majority, when they left the hospitable 
 old homestead, already overflowing with younger children, followed by 
 a loving mother's prayers and the father's confident prediction of 
 success. 
 
 The father was able, however, to assist the sons in buying or building 
 a flat boat for their own use, with which they began what proved to be 
 aa important business career. The beginnings of the river trade were 
 so humble that neither of the brothers had the slighest conception of 
 the magnitude to which it afterwards grew, or how important, in later 
 years, articles of partnership would become. Neither could ever pro- 
 duce a scrap of writing to cover any agreement for a partnership, and 
 
368 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 later, this omission of a simple business precaution became the source 
 of great worriment and anxiety to both families, and a tedious suit in 
 equity that dragged its devastating course through the United States 
 courts for Vermont for many years. 
 
 Their only agreement was a verbal one that they would do business 
 together under the firm name of J. and E. Lyman. Their partnership 
 began with the flat boat above mentioned, and was not dissolved until 
 their ships had touched at many foreign ports, and they had suffered 
 many losses from both French and English crusiers, and also from ship- 
 wrecks in the coast and West India trades. 
 
 When the flalt boats had increased in numbers, the Lymans began 
 speculating in produce for themselves. Justin established himself at 
 Hartford, Conn., and Elias established himself in a store at Weathers- 
 field, Vt. The former purchased and forwarded West India goods to 
 Elias, who in turn sent the boats down the river laden with grain, pork 
 meat and all country produce. Just as fortune seemed to smile upon 
 these young men, and they were feeling reasonably secure of their fu- 
 ture, an apparent disaster occurred in the burning of the Weslthersfield 
 store. Elias Lyman, was, at first, discouraged ; but after a close study 
 of the situation, he determined if able to build again, to do so at the 
 mouth of White river in Hartford, having in his trips up the Connecti- 
 cut conceived a love for the beautiful valley as " one of the fairest spots 
 God ever made." 
 
 He was enabled to make satisfactory business adjustments and he 
 built, as he desired, on the Point. He also built a dwelling house near 
 the store — opposite ferry lane, and moved his family, consisting of a 
 wife and three young children, (Lewis, Fanny and Normand,) from 
 Weathersfield to Hartford in 1796. 
 
 The first child born in the new home was Wyllys, in 1797. 
 
 The firm of J. and E. Lyman now drove an extensive and prosperous 
 trade, both inland and foreign, for many years, — Justin removing in the 
 meantime to New York city. 
 
 They engaged in the manufacture of cotton cloths, building and 
 owning the dam across White Kivor at Hartford ; also the flume and 
 brick factory, the former site of which is now occupied by the woolen 
 mill of the Hartford Woolen Company ; also the aqueduct at the Point, 
 the toll bridge across the Connecticut river, several private residences 
 of value. Furthermore they acquired many farms in this and adjoining 
 counties and states. 
 
 About 1812, a difference of opinion arose in the firm as to the best 
 method of conducting their complicated business. From the deposi- 
 tion of Simeon Lyman given in 1825, a younger brother and employe 
 and trusted agent of the firm from his graduation at Dartmouth in 
 1801, until the dissolution of the firm in 1820, and who spent a large 
 portion of the time abroad as supercago of the ships, it appears that 
 the losses of the firm at sea, were at a moderate estimate $91,113. 
 
 It appears in evidence from the files now in the office of the clerk of 
 the United States courts for the District of Vermont, that Elias Lyman 
 and his elder sons had vigorously and repeatedly protested against the 
 foreign trade, and that Justin, after severe losses had promised to ab- 
 stain from all active business, begging that the firm of which he was 
 proud, should not be dissolved. 
 
 Another unfortunate venture, a purchase of wild lands in New York 
 state by the senior member of the firm, caused the younger brother 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 369 
 
 to publish Jan. 22, 1820, a notice of the dissolution of the partnership. 
 
 For the ensuing decade the famous suit of Justin Lyman, orator, vs. 
 Elias Lyman & Sons, defendants, which family tradition sadly asserts, 
 sank nearly one hundred thousand dollars, dragged on. 
 
 The younger members of the family were born and reared under this 
 impending sTiadow. 
 
 The home life of Mr. Justin Lyman was early saddened by the death 
 of his wife. 
 
 The only child that attained maturity, Theodore, after graduating at 
 Dartmouth, and, later, the Litchfield Law School, died of consumption 
 while on a tour for his health. , 
 
 Mr. Lyman again married, and this lady survived him, also an adopted 
 daughter, who afterwards became Mrs. Belknap. 
 
 The home life of Mr. Elias Lyman was a happy one. He had a 
 family of fourteen children, twelve of whom lived to marry and rear 
 families of their own. Mr. Lyman was noted for his kind and liberal 
 dealings with these children, and, numerous as they were, he always 
 felt that there was not one to spare and that each was the " apple of 
 his eye." 
 
 One who saw Mr. Lyman toward the close of his life — in 1828 — 
 describes him as a little above the medium height, squarely and solidly 
 built, of a pale, clear complexion, deep blue eyes, and silvery hair, but 
 wearing no beard ; his face was always clean shaven ; his features were 
 good, being clear cut, and expressive of firmness and decision of char- 
 acter. 
 
 He was noted, throughout life, for his great industry and unflagging 
 energy, and by doing whatever he undertook, most thoroughly and \i ell ; 
 and for a generous hospitality and thorough probity of character. He 
 had great personal magnetism, and always threw the force of his whole 
 nature along the lines of his beliefs. 
 
 In politics he was a Jeffersonian democrat, and an ardent supporter of 
 the government during the war of 1812-15. He loved his country, and 
 his country's flag — and these qualities he transmitted to the brave 
 grandsons who sprang to arms at the drum beat of the nation in 1861. 
 
 At the conclusion of the lawsuit, which eventually resulted in the sale, 
 at public auction, of all properties owned by the firm, in order to make 
 a just and equitable decision thereof, Mr. Elias Lyman, although nearly 
 drained of money and convertible assets, was planning in his usual in- 
 domitable way for new enterprises. 
 
 Geoege Lyman. 
 
 Seventh son of Elias (3) and Anna (White) Lyman, was born in Hart- 
 ford, Vt., April 6, 1806 ; died July 11, 1879, in the house in which he 
 was born, aged 73. He was the last, residing in Vermont, of the Lyman 
 family, which, for more than three-fourths of a century was prominent 
 in the social and business circles of the State: 
 
 Mr. Lyman began his business life in the stoire of his father at what 
 was then known as " Lyman's Point," now White Eiver Junction. At 
 the age of twenty years, he entered into the mercantile business for 
 himself in Eoyalton, where he remained sixteen years. He then re- 
 moved to Norwich where he was in trade five years. In 1847 he returned 
 to White River Junction, having bought the old homestead and some 
 
 34 
 
370 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 twenty-five acres of land of his elder brother Lewis. Here he resided 
 during the remainder of his life. He was, for many years in public life. 
 Prior to the construction of the Vermont Central railroad he held the 
 office of treasurer of the White Eiver Turnpike Co. For several years 
 he was justice of the peace, and twice represented this town in the 
 legislature. He was also a trustee and vice-president of Tilden Ladies' 
 Seminary, W. Lebanon, N. H. For the last eighteen years of his life 
 he was postmaster in White Eiver Junction. 
 
 Mr. Lyman first united with the Congregational church at the centre 
 of the town in September, 1826, from which time he was an exemplary 
 christian worker. He was a member of United Brethren Lodge, No. 21, 
 Freemasons. He was a man of fine personal appearance, affable and 
 genial in social life ; hospitable, neighborly and kind at all times, and 
 retained, to the last, the respect, confidence and warm esteem of a host 
 of acquaintances. On the 30 Dec, 1828, he married Minerva, daughter 
 of E. D. Briggs, of Eochester, with whom he shared upwards of fift.y 
 years of blissful life. They had eleven children, seven of whom survive. 
 One daughter is the wife of Edward Lyman, a leading citizen of Bur- 
 ling ton ; another is the wife of George King, manager of the Bank of 
 Nevada, and two remain ftt home. Two sons are successful merchants 
 ia Illinois, and one is the general superintendent of the Bonanza gold 
 and silver mills in Nevada. Mrs. Lyman survives her husband, and 
 now (1889) occupies the pleasant old homestead on the point. 
 
 Joseph Marsh.' 
 
 Joseph Marsh was descended from John Marsh who came from Eng- 
 land to Massachusetts in 1633, and removed with Eev. Thomas Hooker 
 to Hartford, Conn., in 1635. John Marsh married Anne, daughter of De- 
 puty Governor John Webster ; and after her death he married the widow 
 of Eichard Lyman of Northampton, Mass. Joseph Marsh, who settled 
 in Lebanon, Conn., in 1697, was grandson of John Marsh ; and a grand- 
 son of Joseph was the father of Vermont's first lieutenant-governor, 
 Joseph Marsh of Hartford, Vt. Mr. Marsh was born in Lebanon, Conn., 
 Jan. 12, 1726, O. S., and Jan. 10, 1750, married Dorothy Mason, who 
 was a descendant from Major John Mason (afterward major general of 
 all the Connecticut forces) who, in 1630, came from England to Dor- 
 chester, Mass., being one of the first settlers. Major Mason removed to 
 Windsor, Conn., in 1634, became very famous as commander of the 
 English in the Peynot Indian war, (of which he wrote a history) and 
 was deputy-governor from May, 1660 to May, 1670, when he voluntarily 
 retired and removed to Norwich, Conn., where he died about 1672. The 
 wife of Mr. Marsh was a sister of Col. Jeremiah Mason of Lebanon, 
 Conn., who was father of the late very distinguished jurist, Hon. 
 Jeremiah Mason of Boston. The high expectations from such an ances- 
 try have been remarkably fulfilled in Joseph Marsh and his descend- 
 ants, among whom are the late Hon. Charles Marsh of Woodstock, the 
 late Professor and President James Marsh of the University of Ver- 
 mont, the late Dr. Leonard Marsh of Burlington and the late Hon. Geo 
 P. Marsh of Burlington, who commanded through his great attainment 
 the homage of the best scholars in Europe and America. The descend- 
 ants of Joseph Marsh, specially those just named, possessed to a remark- 
 
 ' Governor and Council of Vermont, Vol. pp. 1235-38. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 371 
 
 able degree, the intellectual qualities ascribed to him by his grandson, 
 Boswell Marsh, as hereinafter noticed. 
 
 Joseph Marsh settled in Hartford in 1772, and soon was engaged 
 actively and influentially in public affairs. He was then, of course, a 
 resident of Cumberland County and under the jurisdiction of New 
 York. He was lieutenant-colonel of the upper regiment of that county 
 in 1775 ; colonel in January, 1776, and a member of the provincial Con- 
 gress of New York for the sessions commencing in February, May 14, 
 and June 9th, 1776. He was absent during the whole of the February 
 and part of the July session. In February, 1777, he received an order 
 from Maj. Gen. Schuyler to enlist every fifth man of his regiment for 
 the purpose of reinforcing the continental army at Ticonderoga, which 
 he executed promptly. la July of that year his regiment came under 
 the jurisdiction of Vermont, and Aug. 13th, he was ordered by the 
 Council of Safety to march one-half of it at once to Bennington. A family 
 tradition is that he was in the battle of Bennington, which Gov. Hall 
 doubts, but adds that he may have been subsequently in service on the 
 Hudson. The Hon. Eoswell Marsh of Steubenville Ohio, grandson of 
 Col. Marsh, in whose family he lived until he was eighteen, is certain 
 that leading public men, and members of the family spoke of his having 
 a share at Bennington, and of camp life while the regiment guarded the 
 river to prevent Bargoyne's retreat and cut off supplies from Canada. 
 He ailed that Rev. Lyman Potter (formerly of Norwich, Vt., and after- 
 ward a resident of Ohio,) was chaplain of Col. Marsh's regiment and was 
 at B mnington (after the battle most probably) and in camp at White- 
 hall, Port Ann, Fort Edward and Sandy Hill. Gov. Hall is undoubt- 
 edly correct since the order dated at Bennington Aug. 3d, could not 
 possibly reach Col. Marsh at Hartford in time for him to get his men 
 into the battle at Bennington on the 16th ; but the order confirms the 
 remiinder of Roswell Marsh's statement. 
 
 Col. Marsh was a member of the Windsor convention of June 4 ; also 
 July 2 and Dec. 24, 1777, being vice-president; and by the July con- 
 vention he was appointed chairman of the committee raised to secure 
 arms to supply the State. In March, 1778, he was elected lieutenant 
 governor, to which office he was re-elected in 1779, and annually from 
 1787 to 1790.' In the same month he was designated member and 
 
 ' Aug. I2th, 1790, Lieu-Gov. Marsh declined being a candidate for re-election to 
 that office in the following letter • 
 
 To the Freemen of the State of Vermont : 
 
 Fellow Citizens : — Your confidence in my integrity and abilities has for several 
 years (since the independence of this State has been contended by her citizens) led 
 you to give me your suffrages for the second office in the supreme executive branch 
 of the government. As I deemed it my indispensable duty, so I have made it my 
 highest ambition, in the execution of the business annexed by the constitution to 
 this office, always to adopt and appear in favor of those measures which would con- 
 duce most to the public weal, and in the most effectual way promote the interest 
 and welfare of this State. * * * 
 
 Permit me, fellow citizens, on this occasion, to tell you with what real satisfaction 
 I have received the repeated manifestations of your confidence exhibited toward 
 me in calling me from my private station to share in the government of our free 
 republic. Permit me likewise to anticipate with you the happy day when the State 
 of Vermont shall not be the least pillar in the support of that confederate govern- 
 ment which is cemented by a constitution that does honor to mankind and is a de- 
 monstrative proof that the United States, in political genius, are not inferior to the 
 boasted courts of Europe. 
 
 JOSEPH MARSH. 
 
 Hartford, 12th August, 1790, 
 
378- HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 chairman of the court of confiscation for Eastern Vermont. He was 
 chairman of a committee of safety fcr a section of Vermont, and appar- 
 ently of New Hampshire also, with headquarters in Dresden, which was 
 that part of the territory of Hanover that was then owned by the cor- 
 poration of Dartmouth College. He represented Hartford in the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of 1781 and 1782. He was one of the first council cen- 
 sors in 1785. From 1797 to 1775,* he was chief judge of "Windsor 
 County Court, his last public office.' 
 
 Elijah Mason. 
 
 Son of Peleg Sanford Mason of Stonington, Conn., and Mary Stan- 
 ton of Charleston, R. I., was born in Lebanon, Conn., Sept. 26, 1756. 
 His brothers and sisters were Peleg Sanford, Jr., Esther, who married 
 Daniel Tilden, one of the noted men of Lebanon, Conn., and a relative 
 of the late Samuel Tilden of New York city ; Mary, Lucy and James. 
 Elijah was twice married. He married first in 1778, his second cousin Mary 
 Marsh, the daughter of Lieut. -Gov. Joseph Marsh of Hartford, Vt. She 
 was born in 1758, and died in 1794. Her children were Clarissa, born 
 in 1779, died about 1840 ; Mary, born in 1782, died Sept. 11, 1816 ; 
 Jtoswell, born Dec. 23, 1784, died between 1850 and '55 ; Peleg, born 
 Dec. 18, 1786, died Aug. 8, 1825 ; Farthenia, born 1790, died 1795 ; 
 Marinda, born July 1, 1794, married John Durkee Hazen, son of Joshua 
 (See Hazen family.) 
 
 Mr. Mason married second in 1795 Lucretia Green. Her children 
 were Betsey, born 1796, died 1820 ; Parthenia, born 1798-9, died 
 about 1865; Emeline, born 1802, died 1881 ; farwo*, born 1804, died 
 1887 ; John, born 1806, died 1887 ; Arabella, born April 18, 1810, mar- 
 ried Oct. 7, 1830, Zeb Eudolph, from a Maryland family, died July 24, 
 1879. One of their children, Lucretia Eudolph, born April 19, 1832, 
 was married Nov. 11, 1858, to James A. Garfield who was born in 
 Orange, Ohio, Nov. 19, 1831 ; served in the Union army as Colonel, 
 Brigadier-General, and Major-General, 1861-1863 ; was a Eepresenta- ■ 
 tive from Ohio 1863-1881 ; was President of the United States from 
 March 4th, 1881, until having been assassinated on the morning of Sat- 
 urday, July 2d, he, after weary weeks of torture, died in Elberon, N. J., 
 on the sea shore, Sept. 19, 1881. 
 
 Elijah Mason came from Lebanon, Conn., to Hartford about the year 
 1800.' He made extensive purchases of land in this town in 1783 
 
 '^ Oct. 15, 1796, Judge Marsh tendered his resignation of the office of Chief Judge 
 of Windsor County court in the following letter ; which was read in the Assembly 
 Oct. i8th. 
 
 To the Legislature of the State of Vermont now sitting at Rutland : 
 
 Gentlemen: Age, infirmity, and the wish not to stand in the way of the use- 
 fulness of one better qualified, forbid my longer exercising the office of Chief Justice 
 of the County Court for the County of Windsor. Therefore with a grateful sense 
 of the honor done me by your former appointments, I must request you to con- 
 sider me no longer as a candidate for that office. 
 
 JOSEPH MARSH. 
 Hartford, Oct, 15, 1796. 
 
 ' On the nth or December, 1886, Mrs. Garfield wrote to the historian giving him 
 a brief history of her grandfather, Elijah Mason. In this letter Mrs. Garfield ex- 
 pressed the belief that Mr. Mason moved from Lebanon, Ct., to Hartford about 
 1806, and removed to Ohio about 1818 ; that he lived in Quechee the last two years 
 preceding his removal to Ohio, and that the farm on which he lived was sold to a 
 Mr. Harrington. On the 7th of March, i88g, Mrs. Garfield gave to the historian 
 additional facts, concerning the Mason family, which are embodied in the foregoing 
 sketch. Mr. Elijah Mason died in Ohio about fourteen years after he left Hartford. 
 (See Marsh family.) 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOBD. 378 
 
 among which was the real estate which Elijah Strong left to his eight 
 heirs. On the 27th of Nov., 1804, he bought a portion of lot " No. 20," 
 which was drawn to the original right of Benjamin Wright, Jr., which 
 land is now included in the town poor farm, and also lot " No. 18," 
 which adjoined lot " No. 20.'" This land embraced in the last two pur- 
 chases was sold by Mr. Mason to Samuel Harrington, Nov. 11, 1814, 
 and by Samuel to his son Eli Harrington, Apr. 24, 1824. It was on 
 this farm that Mr. Mason resided for sevaral years previous to his de- 
 parture for Ohio in 1814 
 
 Mr. Mason was conspicuously indentified with the affairs of the town 
 during his residence here. In 1805, he was one of a committee on the 
 organization of the first Congregational society formed in the town. 
 He was one of the selectmen for five years, 1807-1811 inclusive, and in 
 1810 represented the town in the General Assembly. 
 
 Col. Samuel Nutt. 
 
 Son of Johu and Sarah (Bigley) Natt, was born in Topsham, Vt., Dec. 
 23, 1791, and died in Randolph, Jan. 1, 1871. He was one of eighteen 
 children. He bought his time of his father, some years prior to arriv- 
 ing at age, and went to Hanover, N. H., and worked out until he had 
 earned money enough to enable him to buy a cow, which he drove to 
 Topsham, and turned over to his father to pay for his time. He then 
 went to West Lebanon, N. H., where he hired out to Erastus Chamber- 
 lin, who then kept a tavern in that place. After completing bis term of 
 service with Mr. Chamberlin, our hero engaged in the boating business 
 on Connecticut river. Soon after he was of age, he invested his capital 
 in building a flat-boat. When completed, this boat was taken up White 
 river to White River village and loaded with lumber destined for Hart- 
 ford, Cfc. While going down White river his boat struck a rock and was 
 completely wrecked. Young Nutt swam to the shore, sat down, and 
 cried bitterly over his misfortune ; and there^ in tears 
 
 Such as the maiiliest men, in their ci'oss'd lives 
 Are sometimes forced to shed, 
 
 he was found by Elias Lyman, a noble-hearted gentleman, who said to 
 him, "Sam, don't give up; I'll lend you money to start again!" and 
 that promise was fulfilled to the letter. Samuel suffered the loss of his 
 boat and a portion of the cargo, but he gained thereby what was infi- 
 nitely more valuable to him in after life, in all his subsequent under- 
 takiugs, the unwavering friendship and material support of Mr. Lyman. 
 From this time, for upwards of twenty years, he followed the river. 
 He built a large number of boats of various kinds, some of which he 
 used in freighting copperas, potash, etc., to Hartford, Ct., with re- 
 turn cargoes of salt, iron, and West India goods ; others he sold for 
 use elsewhere. During one spring he built nine river and two canal 
 boats — the latter for the Farmington Canal Company. In the year 
 1829, the Connecticut River Steamboat Company was formed, and soon 
 after a steamboat, the " John Ledyard," was put upon the river and 
 Col. Nutt was chosen captain. This boat made but one trip between 
 Hartford, Ct., and Wells River. It, was received at various places along 
 the river with speeches and other demonstrations of pleasure. A lady 
 
374 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 in Haverhill wrote a poem appropriate to the occasion, the first two 
 lines of which were as follows : 
 
 All hail the day when Captain Nutt 
 Steamed up the fair Connecticut! 
 
 At Wells Eiver the advent of this boat was celebrated by the firing of 
 cannon and hurrahs of a large crowd of people. A short distance above 
 Wells Eiver, Col. Nutt found obstructions which he was unable to sur- 
 mount. The boat was pushed up the river to a bar, and there a long 
 rope was attached to her, and two or three hundred Scotchmen, who 
 were anxious to have the steamer proceed farther, attempted to diaw 
 her over the bar, but after raising her so far from a horizontal position 
 that an explosion of the boiler was imminent, the attempt was relin- 
 quished. It took a large force of men to pull the boat back to deep 
 water. She was put about, made the return trip in safety, but never 
 came back. 
 
 The next season another steamer, the " Adam Duncan," was built at 
 "Wells River under the superintendence of Captain Nutt, for the com- 
 pany for which he was the agent. This steamer was designed to ply 
 between Wells River and Olcott Locks, but, owing to low water and 
 river obstructions, the venture proved unsuccessful. The boat was 
 attached for debt, her machinery was taken out and sold, and, until a 
 recent date, her hull might have been seen lying near the shore a short 
 distance above Olcott Palls. During the year 1831, five steamboats, 
 including the " Adam Duncan," were constructed and put on the river 
 at different sections between Hartford and "Wells River. The names of 
 the boats and commanders were as follows : " Adam Duncan," Horace 
 Duncan, captain; " David Porter," John W. Andrus, captain ; " Wm. 
 Holmes," James Davenport, captain ; "Ariel Cooley," Hiram Smith, 
 captain; " Wm. Hall," Peletiah Ely, captain. These boats were run 
 about a year, but in 1832 the whole concern went up, and the boats 
 were withdrawn. 
 
 On Dec. 17, 1817, Col. Nutt was married to Miss Hannah Kibbee of 
 Hartford, "V"t. By her he had eight children, two boys and six girls. 
 The Christian name of each of his children begins with the first letter 
 of the alphabet, and each name is composed of six letters, viz : Alonzo, 
 Almena M., Almanda, Almena, Albert, Amelia, Almira and Adelia. The 
 eldest son, Alonzo, was born Oct. 5, 1819. He married Alpha Louise 
 Kneeland, and now resides in White River Junction. Almena M., 
 Amanda and Adelia died at an early age. Almena, third daughter, 
 married Mr. I. B. Culver, a civil engineer on the "Vermont Central rail- 
 way in 1848, and, later, the chief engineer of the National railway be- 
 tween New York and Washington. Amelia is the wife of George W. 
 Blodgett of Amherst, Mass. Almira married Mr. H. L. Smith. Albert, 
 the youngest son, resides in Jersey City, N. J. Mrs. Hannah Nutt, 
 the parent, died at White River Junction, Feb. 6, 1870. 
 
 About the time of his marriage. Colonel Nutt purchased, of Elias 
 Lyman, a house and forty acres of land on the south side of "White 
 river, bordering on both the White and Connecticut rivers. He sub- 
 sequently bought other farms, adjoining his first purchase, until his 
 home farm embraced 500 acres of valuable land; and at the time the 
 Vermont Central Railway was located, his real estate was valued at 
 $30,000, in addition to which he had a large amount of valuable per- 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 375 
 
 sonal property. This entire property lie had acquired by persevering 
 industry. His manly, energetic and persistent efforts to succeed in life 
 are worthy of imitation by every young man. 
 
 At the age of 58, Colonel Nutt had acquired a handsome fortune, 
 and he could then have retired from active life with the most pleasing 
 prospects for the future, but he ignored the thought of retiring from 
 business; he thought not of rest. In the year 1849, he had the satis- 
 faction of seeing the Vermont Central Railway in successful operation 
 between Windsor and Burlington; the Connecticut and Passumpsic 
 Rivers Railway completed to St. Johnsbury, and a durable connection 
 formed between these and the Northern (N. H.) Railway — the junction 
 of the three lines being on land near his residence. Colonel Nutt was 
 one of the first subscribers to the stock of the Central Railway Com- 
 pany, and that of the Vermont and Boston Telegraph Company, and 
 he used his best endeavors to make both of these important enterprises 
 completely successful. 
 
 The union of the above named railways at once created a necessity for 
 hotel accommodations at White River Junction, and Colonel Nutt fully 
 appreciated the importance of having a first-c^ass hotel. He therefore 
 went to Enfield, N. H., and purchased the Grafton House of a Mr. Wil- 
 lis ; took it down, transferred it to and put it up in White Eiver Junc- 
 tion, and opened it to the public under the name of the Junction House, 
 of which he was proprietor and landlord for several years thereafter. 
 
 Colonel Nutt was a Jeffersonian Democrat of the old school — strong 
 in the faith, unwavering in principle, yet not fanatical nor illiberal ia 
 spirit. He was patriotic in every emergency, and during the war of the 
 Rebellion, supported the war measures of the Republican administra- 
 tion. He was complimented by his political opponents as being a fair- 
 minded, capable and trustworthy man, 
 
 of soul sincere, 
 
 In action faithful, and in honor clear; 
 
 Who broke no promise, served no private end. 
 
 In 1849, on the establishment of a postoffice at White River Junction, 
 Colonel Nutt received at the hands of the Whig administration, the ap- 
 pointment of postmaster, which office he retained about ten years. 
 
 Colonel Nutt was not a member of any church, nor a professor of any 
 form of religion. He viewed Christianity in a comprehensive way, and 
 therefore was neither apathetic nor impious. Moral honesty was his re- 
 ligion, and that prevented him from affecting the air of a saint, or carry- 
 ing on a coasting trade with religion. He did not endeavor to keep his 
 head in heaven by standing ' tip toe on earth. He was catholic in 
 thought, feeling and action ; slave to no sect. His whole creed was 
 briefly this: — 
 
 To live uprightly then is sure the best, 
 To save ourselves and not to damn the rest. 
 
 He was a constant attendant upon church worship, and contributed 
 liberally for the support of the gospel ; but, when giving of his means 
 for religious and charitable purposes, he gave for the benefit of the hea- 
 then in his own parish, and the needy in his own neighborhood, in pref- 
 erence to adopting the erosive process of conveying it to the heathen in 
 terra incognita / his theory being that in any given locality in Africa, 
 
SI'e HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 or other foreign field of missionary labor, the moral condition of the 
 human species compares favorably with that of thousands of people in 
 puritan New England, who live in a state of moral destitution and su- 
 perstition, and an idolatry of the world, the flesh and the devil, without 
 ever experiencing in their homes a visitation by the clergy or laity of 
 any church ; whose thresholds are never darkened by the shadow nor 
 the substance of a colporteur, an itinerant or an iconoclast, and who sel- 
 dom, if ever, visit the house of God! Had these unfortunates been born 
 black, and reared in a tropical clime, they would be considered fit sub- 
 jects for missionary reclamation, and no pains or pennies would be 
 spared to effect their regeneration ! 
 
 Colonel Nutt was made a Freemason, ,Tan. 1, 1822. In 1850-52 — 
 Masonry having somewhat declined in Hartford — Colonel Nutt, George 
 E. Wales, and a few others, .revived United Brethren Lodge, and for 
 some years thereafter this lodge was located in White River Junction. 
 At the time of his death. Colonel Nutt was a member of Vermont Com- 
 mandery. His remains were brought to Hartford for interment, and 
 were buried in the cemetery in White River Junction, under Masonic 
 honors, the writer of this sketch acting as marshal of the day. The 
 funeral services were the most imposing of the kind ever witnessed in 
 Vermont. 
 
 John Portek. 
 
 Son of William and Mary (Hodges) Porter, was born in Hartford, Vt., 
 April 8, 1798. 
 
 The Porter patronymic is deservedly held in high honor by citizens of 
 the United States. Those who bear it in New England have not been 
 the least effective in adding to its claims. Mr. Porter was one of the 
 decendants in the fifth generation of John Porter, who was born in 
 1590 at Wraxall Abbey, near Kenil worth, in the county of Warwick, 
 England. He sailed from London for America in the ship Anne, ac- 
 companied by Rose Porter, his wife, and their children, and arrived in 
 Dorchester, Mass., on the 30th of May, 1627. Remaining in Dorchester 
 until 1635, they removed in that year to Windsor, Connecticut. Their 
 descendants were among the pioneer settlers of Windsor, Hartford, and 
 Lebanon, Connecticut. 
 
 William, the father of Judge Porter, was born in Lebanon, Connec- 
 ticut, on the 1th of September, 1749; removed from thence to Hartford, 
 Vermont, in 1780, and afterward married Mary Hodges. Nine children, 
 all of whom were sons, constituted the issue of their union. John 
 Porter received the best education that the common schools of his 
 vicinity could afford, and mastered the elementary branches of science 
 therein inculcated. At the age of eighteen he taught school in the 
 vicinity of his native town. Soon after that he was called upon to take 
 charge of a school in Rodman, Jefferson county. New York, and upon 
 two or three occasions made the entire journey of three hundred miles, 
 there and back, on foot. Energy and persistence characterized both 
 his private and public life. • 
 
 In 1840, '41 and '42, he represented Hartford in the legislature of 
 Vermont ; In 1843 and '44 was a member of the State Senate from 
 Windsor County, and was again returned to the House in 1845, '48 and 
 '49. In 1851 he was elected Director of the Vermont State Prison, and 
 
' /4^ --T--^^ t/^y-. 
 
 '^y-^ 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 377 
 
 again in 1852. In 1850 he was elected Judge of Probate for the District 
 of Hartford, in Windsor County, and held this office by consecutive 
 elections to the time of his death. 
 
 During the existence of the Whig party, he was one of its most zeal- 
 ous adherents, and for several years was a member of the Whig State 
 Committee. On the organization of the Republican party in 1856, he 
 was chosen one of the presidential electors of Vermont. In 1858 he 
 was appointed a commissioner in conjunction with George P. Marsh 
 and Norman Williams, to prepare a plan for the erection of the persent 
 State Capitol, and also to superintend its construction. Upon the 
 organization of the Woodstock bank, more than forty years ago, Mr, 
 Porter was elected a director, and continuously held that office until the 
 bank was reorganized, when he was elected a director of the Woodstock 
 National bank, which position he held the remainder of bis life. 
 
 Mr. Porter died Nov. 12, 1886, aged 88, and was interred in the 
 cemetery in Qaechee village. A large congregation of citizens attended 
 his obsequies. 
 
 Mr. Porter was married on the 30th of May, 1831, to Jane Frances, 
 daughter of Pordyce Foster, of Hartford. Six children were the fruit 
 of their marriage, three of whom are now living. Of these, Jennie F. 
 is the widow of the late Charles T. Smith, of Colchester, Connecticut ; 
 Louise A. is the wife of John H. Denison, of New Bedford, Massachu- 
 setts ; and Charles W. is a resident of Montpelier, Vt., and is the present 
 Secretary of State of Vermont. 
 
 Hon. William Strong. 
 [6th Gen. from American Ancestor, Elder John Strong of Northampton, Mass.] 
 
 William, son of Benajah and Polly (Bacon) Strong, was born in 1763 
 in Lebanon, Ct. Benajah, the parent, with his two brothers, Elijah and 
 Solomon Strong, emigrated to Hartford in 1764, and, according to 
 Thompson, the three brothers were the first actual settlers in the town. 
 Benajah Strong bore a conspicuous part in the political affairs of the 
 town until the year of his death, which occurred June 28, 1840. 
 
 William Strong was a self-made man. Deprived in early life of the 
 advantages of a common school education, he studied nature instead of 
 books, and found time to hear and talk a vast deal. Meditation took 
 the place of study with him during the first fifteen years of his life, but 
 he subsequently read and studied such books as he could procure from 
 the scantily furnished libraries of his neighbors. In the chimney corner 
 of his father's house he studied with avidity, and putting his mental 
 acquisitions into practice, qualified himself for a land surveyor, and was 
 for several years engaged in making extensive surveys in Grand Isle 
 county. 
 
 On the 17th of June, 1793, Mr. Strong was married to Miss Abigail 
 Hutchinson, of Norwich, by whom he had nine children. 
 
 Mr. Strong represented the town of Hartford in the General Assembly 
 in the years 1798-'99, 1801, '2, '15, '16, '17, and '18, altogether eight 
 terms. He represented the 2d congressional district of Vermont from 
 1810 to 1814 inclusive, and from 1819 to 1821 inclusive. He was a 
 judge of the supreme court of Windsor county in the year 1817, and 
 was a member of the Council of Censors in 1834. In all these posi- 
 
378 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 tions he did honor to himself and his ooiistitueats. He was a man of 
 sterling integrity, and diligent in the discharge of those daties which 
 are founded on virtue, or moral goodness. He was involved in political 
 events of great significance during the greater part of his life, yet he 
 was not actuated by petty ambition nor by a desire to reach that emi- 
 nence of reputation which politicians, as a class, believe is conferred by 
 office, but rather preferi-ed the gratulations of his own conscience to the 
 empty bauble of fame. 
 
 Mr. Strong was one of nature's noblemen. He preserved that dignity 
 which is requisite to a good decorum, but was infinitely removed from 
 that ill-judged haughtiness which deprives men in his station of the 
 most agreeable pleasure in life, that of conversing freely and sociably 
 with persons of merit, though they are of inferior station and less 
 favored of fortune in worldly goods. He was humane and generous in 
 proportion to his income, and the pooi" and needy found in him a ready 
 helper. He was not one of those who found it easier to be on their 
 knees than to rise to good actions. He was not one of those men who 
 are to be measured by Sundays, who give lai'gely to foreign missions, 
 and who rise after sermons and cozen and cheat as soon as they return 
 hom.e ; his doctrine and his life were coincident in all the relations of 
 life. He died January 28, 1840, aged 77 years. 
 
 Mr. Strong was blessed in his family relations. He found in the un- 
 wavering devotion and affection of his amiable wife an unfailing source 
 of happiness, and the greatest of all inspirations to ui'ge him onward 
 and upward in the path of duty and preserve him from evil. Mrs. 
 Strong was in every sense a helpmeet. In the absence of her husband 
 she managed all the affairs of the farm successfully ; managed her 
 household affairs with ability, and brought up a numerous family of 
 children with care and tenderness. When considering the true sphere 
 of a wife it must be admitted that Milton recognized the proper allot- 
 ment when he said : — ' 
 
 " For nothing lovelier can be found 
 In women, than to study household good, 
 And good works in her husband to promote." 
 
 Of such was Mrs. Strong, to whom was allotted a kind of domestic 
 empire and government which she administered by reason, good nature 
 and gentleness, and which gave her almost innumerable occasions for 
 the exercise of the valuable and excellent qualities of a wife, mother, 
 friend and helpmeet. Mrs. Strong died in June, 1860, aged 88 years. 
 
 (See Strong family.) 
 
 Dr. Charles H. Tenney. 
 
 Son of Harper and Cynthia (Marsh) Tenney, born in Hartford. Vt., 
 21st Feb., 1830, married Fanney W. Nutt, Nov. 25, 1862 ; died in Brat- 
 tleboro, 23d April, 1874. She died Nov. 8, 1864. He graduated from 
 Dartmouth Medical College in 1858, also at the New York Medical Col- 
 lege in 1859. Besides a number of years' experience as a general prac- 
 titioner, he had a years' army experience in the civil war. In the early 
 part of 1871, he was elected to succeed Dr. D. H. Lovejoy as second 
 assistant physician in the Vermont asylum for the insane in Brattleboro. 
 In August, 1872, upon the election of Dr. Rockwell, Jr., to the superin- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 379 
 
 tendency, he was promoted to the first assistancy, which position he 
 held to the time of his death, of apoplexy. 
 
 From a memoir published in the " Transactions of the Vermont Med- 
 ical Society, 1874," I quote the following: . "In my inquiries I have 
 failed to ascertain any specially notable incidents in his life, but as one 
 has expresse'd it, ' the whole was so made up of kind and worthy acts that 
 no one prominent deed outshone all others.' His was the exemplifica- 
 tion of a thouroughly useful Christian life. Governed in everything by 
 high and uncompromising principle, yet painfully sensitive to the opin- 
 ions of others, no man was more truly benevolent and humane in his 
 feelings, and no one more charitably disposed in his judgments of 
 others than he. Firmness was a prominent trait, and conscientious- 
 ness a ruling principle of action. He was the last man to be approached 
 or influenced by sinster proposals in any way, and in all his fraternal 
 relations was scrupulous and mindful of his obligations. To the insti- 
 tution with which he was connected he brought superior qualifications. 
 To his professioBal acquirements were added mature judgment and 
 social qualities of a high order. In music he delighted, and many an 
 hour was passed in this indulgence with those under his professional 
 charge, and many in this way were undoubtedly drawn into nearer re- 
 lations with him, and realized more fully that he was in sympathy with 
 them, than otherwise they might, have supposed. He saw clearly the 
 great power of moral agencies in the treatment of the disordered mind, 
 and exerted himself to aid in every possible way in the diversions of the 
 inmates, even at the cost of personal convenience and comfort. Espec- 
 ially was this manifest during the last winter of his service, when, not- 
 withstanding his growing indisposition, he relinquished no effort, but 
 more than ever before studied the wants of those under his care and 
 mistered to them with ever increasing assiduity and conscientious- 
 ness." The historian can heartily endorse the above as a just tribute. 
 
 Andrew Tracy.' 
 
 Andrew Tracy, second son of James and Mercy (Richmond) Tracy, was 
 born in Hartford, Vt, December 15, 1797, and lUed in Woodstock, Vt., 
 October 28, 1868, aged 70 years, 10 months, 13 days. Thomas Tracy 
 the grandfather of Andrew, had eight children, James, the father of 
 Andrew, being his fifth child, born January 28, 1760, in Windham, 
 Conn. James married Mercy Richmond, October 22, 1795. They had 
 nine children, Andrew being their second child. Thomas Tracy came 
 into the town in the year 1776 — fifteen years after the organization and 
 first settlement of the town — and settled upon the farm where Andrew 
 was born James Tracy was then sixteen years old. 
 
 It was the intention of his father to bring up Andrew to the occupa- 
 tion of farming, but the latter not feeling himself physically able to 
 work upon the farm, consulted his mother about getting an education. 
 She induced his father to allow Andrew to attend the academy in Roy- 
 alton, Vt., and afterwards, the academy in Randolph, Vt., then under the 
 charge of that accomplished educator, Rufus Nutting — and where he 
 fitted for college. He entered Dartmouth College in the same class 
 
 'lam indebted to Hon. Warren C. French ofWoodstock, Vt., for a large portion of 
 this narrative, which is taken from his memorial address on Mr. Tracy, delivered 
 before the Vermont Bar Association, Oct. 28, 1883. 
 
880 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 with his friend, Leonard Marsh, a brother of James Marsh, all of Hart- 
 ford. He remained in college but two years.' After leaving college 
 he taught school two or three years in Troy, N. Y., and thfn entered 
 the law office of Hon. George E. Wales, in Hartford, with whom he 
 studied law. On the 15th of January, 1824, while pursuing his legal 
 studies with Mr. Wales, he was appointed postmaster at White River 
 ViDapfe in place of Derrick Stebbins. He held this office until April 12, 
 1827, when he was succeeded by Phineas Kimball. 
 
 Mr. Tracy was admitted to the bar at the December term of the 
 Windsor county court in 1826. Upon being admitted to the bar, he 
 commenced practice in Quechee village, in Hartford, where he remained 
 until the autumn of 1837. He represented Hartford in the Legislature 
 three years, 1833-35 inclusive During his stay in Quechee he was en- 
 gaged in most of the important trials in Windsor county and obtained a 
 state reputation. Late in the autumn of 1887, he rerrioved to Wood- 
 stock, Vt., where he resided the remainder of his life. 
 
 On the first day of January, 1838, Mr. Tracy formed a partnership 
 with Norman Williams, which continued until the spring of 1839, when 
 Mr. Williams became county clerk. In ] 839, he was elected a State 
 Senator. In 1840 he formed a law partnership with Julius Converse, 
 which continued until he was elected to congress in 1853. In 1840 he 
 was a candidate before the Whig convention for a seat in congress 
 against Horace Everett. Much to his chagrin he was defeated. In 
 1842-'43 and '44, he represented Woodstock in the Legislature, and 
 was Speaker of the House during the same period. In the summer of 
 1849, the firm of Tracy & Converse, received James Barrett as a part- 
 ner with them. 
 
 In 1852, Mr. Tracy was again a candidate for Congress. He was 
 nominated and elected as a Whig, and served one term. While in Con- 
 gress he was attentive to his duties, and attended regularly the sessions 
 of the House, but seldom participated in the debates. He formed a 
 very low estimate of certain wordy members, who figured largely in 
 the newspapers and reports of Congress. These he rightly regarded as 
 shallow demagogues. He hated all shams and pretences, judged men 
 well, and appreciated sterling worth and true merit. His brief experi- 
 ence in congressional life satisfied his political aspirations. He declined 
 a re-election, and returned with pleasure to the practice of his profes- 
 sion, in which he diligently labored, until his death. He was engaged 
 in almost all of the jury trials in Windsor county after he located in 
 Woodstock, until he went to Congress, and, after that, in the most im- 
 portant trials in Windsor and other counties in the State, as long as he 
 lived. = 
 
 Mr. Tracy was a tall, slim, cadaverous man, and to a stranger would 
 seem to be in the last stages of consumption. But his step was ever 
 
 ' In 1835 the University of Vermont conferred upon Mr. Tracy tiie honorary de- 
 gree of Master of Arts. 
 
 ^ Mr. Tracy was remarkably successful in jury trials. His personal appearance, 
 his earnest manner, and his impassioned eloquence, were fascinating and magnetic 
 in their influence upon jurymen On one occasion, after he had made a masterly 
 plea in behalf of his client, and the jury were out engaged in making up their ver- 
 dict, one juryman, on being asked by the foreman, '■ Are you for the plaintiff or the 
 defendant ?" replied : " I don't know anything about plaintiff or defendant, I go for , 
 Tracy," 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 381 
 
 quick and elastic, and he had a great amount of energy and an in- 
 domitable will, though never a well man. Indeed, it seemed as though 
 his will-power alone sustained him during the last few years of his 
 life; when, after talking a half hour or so, in the argument of a case, 
 he seemed wholly exhausted. 
 
 Mr. Tracy's power and strength as a lawyer and advocate consisted 
 in his wonderful quickness of perception; the rapidity with which he 
 could adapt facts to legal principles; his quick comprehension of the 
 full merits or demerits of a case; his keen discriminating analysis of 
 facts; the nervous power and eloquence with which he presented the 
 facts to a jury, and in his masterly power of sarcasm and invective.' 
 It was as a jury advocate that he appeared at his best, and this was 
 ever his most delightful field of labor. Of his manner and style, it has 
 been said, that he often carried his sarcasm and denunciation of parties 
 and witnesses too far. His words often left a sting in the heart, which 
 rankled there for years afterwards. It sometimes happened in his later 
 years of practice that men on whom, as parties or witnesses, he had 
 used his vituperative powers would be returned as jurors; such men 
 were hard to convince that the side of Mr. Tracy was right. 
 
 'The following anecdote is related of Mr. Tracy, as illustrating one of his 
 characteristics, viz. : Among the many notable lawyers, who in former days have 
 practiced at the Windsor county bar, few excelled Andrew Tracy in power of 
 sarcasm. His ability in this direction he exercised more commonly in attack, 
 but sometimes in defense, an instance under the latter head running somewhat 
 as follows ; During the summer of 1840, when the weather was warm, and the 
 political atmosphere still warmer, Mr. Tracy was called over into New Hamp- 
 shire to attend a justice court. The counsel on the other side was Judf<e P., a 
 prominent politician of that State, and a good lawyer besides. When the case 
 came on, the judge, not being much acquainted with Mr. Tracy, conceived a poor 
 opinion of him, as he looked him over, which was not so very strange. A care- 
 less observer, looking for the first time, would be likely to entertain dim notions 
 of the fire which lurked within the bosom of that thin and ghastly figure, sitting 
 at the table and quietly taking notes. Moreover the judge, besides being a 
 strong democrat, had a very good opinion of himself, which helped on the 
 illusion. When therefore he rose for his argument, in the course of it he had 
 much to say about the cheap value of imported counsel, especially when appear- 
 ing in the guise of a thin gentleman in delicate health, and thinner still in legal 
 attainments; adding some inuendoes concerning the moral qualifications neces- 
 sary for the make-up of a good lawyer, and in general using the cudgels with the 
 zest which members of the profession exhibit, when battering one another. Upon 
 the whole it was a good performance in its way, but it was untimely. When the 
 judge was ended, Mr. Tracy rose to take his turn. The occasion was a capital 
 one for him to exhibit his peculiar power, as the life and history of the judge 
 furnished ample material for sharp criticism. He had been many times a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature in New Hampshire, a judge of probate some years, and a 
 representative in Congress for six years. He had been born and brought up a 
 federalist; when Jackson was elected president, he turned democrat, a change 
 which proved most opportune for his own political advancement; he was familiar 
 by experience with the whole system of intrigue which controlled the politics of 
 his native State ; a system never too elevated or too pure, and never less so than 
 in the days when Isaac Hill ruled New Hampshire. All this Mr. Tracy knew by 
 heart; he had been provoked to exercise his knowledge, and he was not sparing in 
 the exhibition of it. The spirit of Tippecanoe that was abroad in his veins did 
 not abate the rigor of his tongue, and with such swift and keen blows did he ply 
 the matter that was in him, that in a few moments the work of destruction was 
 completed. The judge in the meantime sat aghast and helpless at the unex- 
 pected onslaught, nor did he make any effort to avert the storm of sarcasm which 
 swept over him. And ever afterwards he entertained enlarged respect for lawyers 
 from the west side of the river. — Vermont Journal. 
 
382 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Mr. Tracy was not what would be called a learned lawyer; he rarely 
 read text-books or reports, but consulted them in connection with his 
 cases. He was well grounded in the principles of common law, and in 
 his ai-guments of legal points, reasoned from first principles, and rarely 
 cited or referred to decisions. In the flood of business which was 
 thrown upon the courts, growing out of the great crash of 1837, Mr. 
 Tracy took a prominent and leading part. For several years the dock- 
 ets were crowded, and at some terms the firm of which he was a mem- 
 ber entered in court more cases than the whole entry at present made 
 in Windsor county; and they ajspeared in, more cases each term than 
 the entire present docket of the court. These were years of immense 
 labor to Mr. Tracy. 
 
 Mr. Tracj'^ died of pneumonia, the result of a cold which he con- 
 tracted on one of his professional trips, and not from the effects of his 
 life-time ailments. His mind remained pei'fectly clear to the last. His 
 remains lie on the banks of the beautiful Otter Quechee river, in the 
 village of Woodstock, in the same cemetery with the remains of Charles 
 Marsh, Jacob Collamer, Titus Hutchinson, Norman Williams, Benja- 
 min Swan and Peter T. Washburn. 
 
 CoL. Alba Mark Tucker. 
 
 Fourth son of Alvan and Abigail Mary (Tossey) Tucker, was born 
 in West Hartford, Vt., Nov. 14, 1836. Previous to reaching the 
 age of sixteen years, he attended the common schools of his native 
 village, studying the English branches taught therein, and making a 
 commendable record. During vacations, after he was ten years old, he 
 worked at home, assisting on the farm and about the hotel kept by his 
 father, and in 1847, during the construction of the Vermont Central 
 railroad, he worked as a teamster for Messrs. Clark and Chase, contrac- 
 tors, and continued in their service, and in that of other contractors, 
 until 1850. In 1852, or '53, he entered Newbury Seminary to 
 pursue a collegiate course, but insufiiciency of means and other causes 
 necessitated a relinquishment of that purpose, and he turned his atten- 
 tion to civil engineering for a short time thereafter, his first service in 
 that business being that of rodman to his brother W. Howard Tucker, 
 then 1st assistant engineer in the engineer corps engaged in surveying 
 a line for the extension of the Passumpsic Railroad from St. Johnsbury 
 to the Canada line ; his term of service extending from April 26th, 1854, 
 to the 15th of the following September. 
 
 Having a predilection for railroad business, and having ingratiated 
 himself into the good will of Col. James Moore, the chief engineer of 
 the Vermont Central railroad, when the latter was made superintendent 
 of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana R. R., in 1855, he gave 
 to young Tucker the position of clerk in the freight department of that 
 road, at Tecumseh, Michigan. His railroad career to the present time 
 is exhibited in the following data published in the second volume of the 
 " Biographical Directory of the Railway Ofiicials of America." 
 
 Date of entering Railway Service — 1847. 
 Position first occupied. — Teamster, Vermont Central R. R. 
 Succeeding positions in their order, with dates of entering and retiring from 
 each: — 
 1850 — Track laborer, same road. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 383 
 
 April 26th, 1854, to Sept. 15th, 1864.— Rodman Engineer Corps, Extension Pas- 
 sumpsic and Connecticut River R. R. 
 
 May 10th, 1855, to August 1st, 1855.— Freight Clerk, Michigan Southern & 
 Northern Indiana R. R., Tecumseh, Mich. 
 
 Aug. ad, 1855, to Oct. 14th, 1855.— Freight and Ticket Clerk, Elkhart, Indiana. 
 
 October, 15th, 1855, to May 1st, 1857. — Freight and Ticket Agent, same road, 
 same place. 
 
 July 15th, 1857, to May 22d, 1858.— Fi-eight Clerk, Milwaukee & Mississippi R. 
 R., Janesville, Wis. 
 
 May 23d, 1858, to August 31, 1858.— Joint Ticket Agent, Milwaukee & Missis- 
 sippi R. R., Chicago, St. Paul & Fond-Du-Lac R. R., and Southern Wisconsin 
 Branch of the Milwaukee & Mississippi R. R., Jane.sville, Wis. 
 
 Sept. 2d, 1858, to Jan. 20th. 1859.— Clerk to General Superintendent Michigan 
 Southern & Northern Indiana R. R., Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 March 1st, 1861, to July 31st, 1863. — Clerk General Freight Office, same road, 
 same place. 
 
 October 3d, 1863, to Nov. 30th, 1863. — Captain and Assistant Quartermaster in 
 charge of constructing U. S. Military R. Rs. , at Louisville, Ky. , and Jefferson- 
 ville, Ind. , and changing gauge of Louisville & Frankfort, and Lexington & 
 Frankfort R. R. 100 mUes. 
 
 Dec. 1st, 1863, to March 1st, 1864.— Quartermaster U. S. Military R. Rs., for 
 the Departments of the Cumberland, of the Ohio and the Tennessee, NashvUle, 
 Tenn. 
 
 May 7th, 1864, to December 7th, 1865. — Disbursing Quartermaster, Louisville, 
 Ky. , and in charge of the examination and payment of all railroad accounts for 
 transportation of Government supplies. 
 
 Jan. 14th, 1878, to July 1st, 1885. — Assistant Superintendent Michigan Division 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. , Elkhart, Ind. 
 
 July 1st, 1885, to February 15th 1887. — Superintendent Western Division, 
 New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio R. R., Gallon, O. 
 
 February 15th, 1887, to Dec. 15th, 1887. — Superintendent Susquehanna Division, 
 New York, Lake Erie & Western R. R. Company, Office, Elmira, N. Y. 
 
 Sept. 15th, 1888.— Appointed General Supei-intendent of the N. Y., P. & O. 
 R. R., leased lines and branches (540 ms.) with office in Cleveland, O. 
 
 Col. Tacker sastained an honorable record in tlie War of the Rebel- 
 lion, as shown by the following statement : — 
 
 August 1st, 1862. — Enlisted as a Private. 
 
 August 14th, 1862.— Promoted to Second Lieut. 100th Regt. Ind. Vol. 
 
 Sept. 9th, 1862.— Promoted to First Lieut, and Q. M. 100th Regt. Ind. Vol. 
 
 Oct. 1st, 1862. — Post Q. M. and Commissary Camp Morton; Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 November 13th, 1863.— Q. M. 100th Regt. Ind. Vol. 3d Brigade, 1st Div. 16th 
 Army Corps. 
 
 March 8th, 1863.— Promoted to A. A. Q. M. 1st Brigade, 1st Div. 10th Army 
 Corps. 
 
 June 14th, 1863.— Promoted to A. A. Q. M. 1st Div. 16th Army Corps. 
 
 July 21st, 1863.— A. A. Q. M. 4th Div. 15th Army Corps. 
 
 August 15th, 1863.— Promoted to Captain and A. Q. M. U. S. Vol., by the rec- 
 ommendation of Gen. U. S. Grant. 
 
 March 13th, 1865.— Promoted to Brvt. Major and A. Q. M. Vol. 
 
 March 13jfch, 1865.— Promoted to Brvt. Lieut. Colonel and A. Q. M. Vol. 
 
 March 13th, 1«65.— Promoted to Brvt. Colonel and A. Q. M. Vol. 
 
 December 8th, 1865. — Resigned and mustered out of service. 
 
 Total Term of Service, 3 years, 4 months and 7 days. 
 
 CIVIL EECOHD. 
 
 The civil record of Col. Tucker may be adduced as an evidence of the 
 high esteem in which he is held by his townsmen, and of their estimation 
 of his enterprise, his energy, his ready business capacities and his ver- 
 satile talent — qualities necessary to success, and a high degree of use- 
 fulness in every public station. Col. Tucker has held the following 
 civil offices : — 
 
384 HISTORY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 May 4th, 1866, to Nov. 1st, 1867.— President Board of Tcwn Trustees, Elkhaxt, 
 Ind. 
 
 Nov. 1st, 1867, to Nov. Ist, 1875.— Auditor Elkhart County, Indiana. 
 
 1868 to 1875. — Chairman Republican County Central Committee. 
 
 April 5th, 1876, to Jan. 16th, 1884.— President St. Joseph Valley Bank, Elk- 
 hart, Ind. 
 
 May 1st, 1878, to May 1st, 1880.— Mayor of the City of Elkhart, Ind., and 
 President Ex-Soldiers' Association of the same city. 
 
 March 7th, 1883, to August 1st, 1885.— Post-master, Elkhart, Ind., and Presi- 
 dent Monumental Association of the .same city. 
 
 Geohge Bdwaed Wales. 
 
 At the eighty-eiglith aunaal communication of the M. W. Grand Lodge 
 of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Vermont, held in Burling- 
 ton, June 9-10, A. D., 1880, Grand Secretary Henry Clark, in behalf of 
 the members of United Brethren Lodge No. 21, of Hartford, presented 
 the portrait of Past Grand Master George E. Wales, and spoke sub- 
 stantially as follows : 
 
 " M. W. Or and Master aiid Brethren of the Crrand Lodge: 
 
 I am commissioned by the bretliren of United Brethren Lodge, No. 21, to pre- 
 sent to you in their behalf, the portrait I hold in my hand, of one of the early 
 grand masters, George E. Wales. He presided with a grace and dignity that has 
 characterized but few of the brethren who have occupied the Oriental Chair in 
 this jurisdiction. A genial, large-hearted man and Mason — accomplished, learned 
 and eloquent — he drew around Mm a large coterie of friends and admirers — 
 which was possibly the cause of his later misfortunes in life — such as have fallen 
 to many another, in the earlier and later history of the Grand Lodge of Vermont 
 — but his brethren, with that large-hearted charity so characteristic of the craft, 
 endeavored to throw the mantle of oblivion over his failings. 
 
 George E. Wales was born in Westminster, Vt., May 13, 1793. He had the ad- 
 vantages of the schools of that early day. He studied law with Gen. Stephen R. 
 Bradley, of Westminster, and Hon. Titus Hutchinson, of Woodstock, two of Ver- 
 mont's most eminent lawyers. He was admitted to the Windsor county bar in 
 1812, removing to Hartford the same year. He married Miss Amanda Lathrop, 
 of Sharon, Vt., in Janiiary, 1813, by whom he had seven children. 
 
 In 1822, '33, '24, Mr. Wales represented Hartford in the General Assembly. No- 
 vember 11, 1822, Hon. Azro D. Buck resigned the office of speaker of the house, 
 and Mr. Wales was elected in his stead. He was also elected speaker of the house 
 in 1823, and again in 1834. 
 
 He was a member of Congress from 1835 to 1839, having as colleagues from 
 Vermont, RoUin C. MaUory, Wm. C. Bradley, Azro A. Buck, Ezra Meech, Jolm. 
 Mattocks, Heman Allen, Benjamin Swift, Jonathan Hunt, and Wm. Cahoon. 
 He entered Congress at the same session with Daniel Webster, where he formed 
 the habits which caused his downfall in public life. After leaving Congress, he 
 located in different places in Windsor county, practicing his profession; finally 
 removing to Hartford, where he was elected town clerk in 1840, which office he 
 held until his death, January 8, 1860. 
 
 He was made a Mason in Wai-ren Lodge, No. 23, Woodstock, in 1812, being 
 proposed April 23, elected and initiated May 3; passed August 30, and raised to 
 the sublime degree of a master, Nov. 12. He was one of the charter members of 
 United Brethren Lodge, No. 31, Hartford, Vt., being appointed its first secretary 
 Dec. 15, 1812; was its master in 1813-24; 1851-53. He was grand master two 
 years, 1835 to 1837. A man of excellent capabilities, a kind heart, and generous 
 to a fault — possessing those virtues so much revered by Masons." 
 
 Mr. Wales settled in Hartford village in 1812. Pr»m that time until 
 1822, he was prominently identified with the political affairs of the town, 
 and was often elected to offices of importance, which he filled in a capa- 
 ble and faithful manner. In November, 1847, he was elected by the 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 385 
 
 General Assembly, judge of probate for the district of Hartford, which 
 office he held for three years only. In 1823, Dartmouth Collegre con- 
 ferred upon Mr. Wales the honoraiy degree of A. M. In 1825, he 
 reoeiyed a like honor from the University of Vermont. He was 
 appointed a member of " The American Legal Association " on the 14th 
 of June, 1851. 
 
 25 
 
CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE ALUMNI OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 
 
 1801. 
 
 John Dutton, the son of John and Mary (Savage) Duttou, was born 
 in Hartford, Nov. 29, 1776, and died in No. Haverhill, N. H., May 18, 
 1848, aged 71. He studied divinity with Eev. Dr. Joseph Lyman, in 
 Hathfield, Mass.; was ordained or installed pastor of the Secrnd Congre- 
 gational church in No. Yarmouth, Me., Oct. 1, 1806 ; was dismissed Aug. 
 3, 1814 ; then preached in Kittery, Me., a few years, after which he re- 
 turned to Yarmouth, and there buried his first wife. Leaving his young 
 sons, Joseph and Jacob H., in Yarmouth, he returned to Hartford, and 
 lived awhile with his brother Asahel ; was settled over the Congrega- 
 tional church in Pomfret, in March, 1819 ; dismissed in June, 1824 ; 
 went to Topsham, where he remained until 1833 ; thence to No. Haver- 
 hill, N. H., where he continued tUl death. He married, 1st, Dorcas, 
 daughter of Jacob Hayes, of No. Yarmouth, Me., May 28, 1810 ; 2nd, 
 Betsy, daughter of "Webster Bailey, of Newbury, Vt., May 19, 1819. 
 
 1802. 
 
 Nathaniel Dutton, son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Hazen) Dutton, was 
 born in Hartford, Sept. 28, 1779, and died in Champion, N. Y., Sept. 9, 
 1852, aged 73, minus nineteen days. He studied divinity with Rev. Dr. 
 Joseph Lyman, in Hatfield, Mass.; was ordained an evangelist; installed 
 pastor of the First Congregational church in Champion, N. Y., May 21, 
 1807, and there passed his life. He married 1st, Sally, daughter of 
 Josiah "Ward, of Middlebury, Ct., at Champion, Feb. 15, 1808 ; 2d, Eliza- 
 beth F. Bostwick, at Canaan, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1830; 3d, Mrs. Clarissa Stir- 
 ling Fish, daughter of Capt. Wm. Stirling, of Lynn, Conn., and relict of 
 Calvin B. Fish, of Rutland, N. Y., at Champion, N. Y., in January, 1847. 
 
 Jacob Gillett, A. M., son of Israel and Susannah (Durkee) Gillett, 
 was born in Hartford, March 9, 1780, and died in Newark, N. J., in 
 1866. He was a teacher, settling in New York City ; removed, after 
 many years of professional life, to Newark, N. J., and there settle.d- 
 He married Catherine, daughter of John Simonson, of "Westbury, Long 
 Island, N. Y., April 8, 1810, 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 387 
 
 180Y. 
 
 Austin- Hazen, A. M., son of Asa and Susannah (Tracy) Hazen, 
 
 was born in Hartford, June 25, 1786, and died in Berlin, Vt., Dec. 25, 
 
 1854, aged 68. He taught in Buckingham, Pa., one year; studied 
 
 divinity with Rev. Ebenezer Porter, (D. C, 1'792), in Washington, Conn., 
 
 from 1808; was ordained pastor of the Cong, church in Hartford, May 
 
 27, 1812; dismissed April 29, 1829; preached a few Sabbaths in White 
 
 River village; installed in North Hartford, Feb. 3, 1830; dismissed in 
 
 1837; installed in Berlin, Oct. 4, 1837, and died in office. He married 
 
 ■ 1st, Frances Mary, daughter of Col. Israel Putnam Dana, of Danville, 
 
 Vt.; 2d, Lucia, daughter of Rev. Azel Washburn, (D. C, l786), in 
 Royalton. 
 
 1812. 
 
 Asa. Hazest, A. M., son of Asa and Susannah (Tracy) Hazen, was 
 born in Hartford, Dec. 9, 1792. He read law; went into practice in 
 Olean, E". Y., remaining there manj"- years; taught one year in Hunts- 
 ville, Ala; then practiced law in New Albany, Ind; eventually removed 
 to EUicotville, N. Y., where he died in May, 1866, unmarried. 
 
 1814. 
 
 Joseph Carter Tract, A. M., son of Dea. Joseph and Ruth (Carter) 
 Tracy, was born in Hartford, Nov. 3, 1794, and died in Beverly, Mass., 
 March 24, 1874, aged 79. He studied divinity; was ordained pastor of 
 the Cong'l churches in Post Mills and West Fairlee, June 26, 1821; 
 dismissed in 1829; then edited the " Vermont Chronicle " in Windsor, 
 for five years; then the " Boston Recorder," for one year, and, for a 
 time, was employed on the " New York. Observer," where he was in- 
 timate with Prof. S. F. B. Morse, while the great invention of the tele- 
 graph was taking shape. Feeling a profound interest in the anti-slavery 
 cause, and in the scheme of African colonization, he abandoned his 
 career as an editor to become secretary of the Massachusetts Coloniza- 
 tion Society and also of the American Colonization Society for Mas- 
 sachusetts. The Republic of Liberia owes much to Mr. Tracy for 
 valuable aid. His reputation stood high as an able scholar and 
 christian writer, he having published as follows: "Four Last 
 Things," "History of the American Board," "The Great Awakening;" 
 several missionary maps, occasional sermons, with many articles in 
 periodicals. He married, 1st, the daughter of Rev. Azel Washburn, 
 (D. C, 1786), of Royalton, Vt.; 2d, Sarah C. Prince, of Beverly, Mass., 
 June 3, 1845. 
 
388 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 1815. 
 
 Enos Wood Newton, son of Dea. David and Mary (Hazen) New- 
 ton, was born in Hartford, Aug. 18, 1V94, and died Sept. 28,1866, aged 
 12. He taught in N. Yarmouth, Me., Danvers, Mass., and Hillsborough, 
 Va.;, edited a paper in Wheeling, Va., several years, and was a long 
 time editor of the " Kenawha Republican," in Va. He married Sarah 
 Work, of Hillsborough, N. H. 
 
 ISIV. 
 
 James Maesh, A. M., D. D., son of Daniel and Marian (Harper) 
 Marsh, was born in Hartford, July 19, 1V94, and died in Colchester 
 July 3, 1842, aged 48, minus 16 days. He studied divinity at the 
 Andover Theo. Sem. one year in the class of 1820; was tutor in Dart- 
 mouth from 1818 to 1820; returned to Andover and graduated in 1822; 
 was ordained an evangelist in Hanover, N. H., Oct. 12, 1824; became 
 professor of languages in Hampden, Sydney College, Va., from 1824 to 
 1826; was president of the University of Vermont from 1826 to 1833, 
 and then professor of Moral and Mental Philosophy to his death. He 
 was an estimable man, an elaborate scholar, and a profound thinker. 
 Columbia College, N. Y., conferred his honorary degree in 1830, and 
 Amherst College in 1833. He published his inaugural address as pres- 
 ident of the University of Vermont; Essay to Coleredge's "Aids to 
 Reflection; " Selections from the old English writers on Practical The- 
 ology; Translation of Herder's Hebrew poetry; a short treatise on 
 eloquence, " Hegewisch's Chronology," and many articles in periodicals. 
 He married, 1st, Lucia, daughter of James Wheelock, D. C, 1776, of 
 Hanover, N. H., Oct. 14, 1824. 2d, Laura, her sister, January 7, 1835. 
 
 1819. 
 
 JosiAH Tracy Tildbn, son of Capt. Josiah, and Elizabeth (Tracy) 
 Tilden, was born in Hartford, Feb. 13, 1795, and died in Orange Co., 
 Virginia, Aug. 14, 1820, aged 26. He taught at Kimball Union 
 Academy, Meriden, N. H., a short time, then went to Va., and was a 
 tutor in a private family. 
 
 Ebbnezee Caetee Teact, son of Dea. Joseph and Ruth (Carter) 
 Tracy, was born in Hartford, June 10, 1796, and died in Windsor, May 
 15, 1862, aged 65. He studied divinity in Andover Theological Semi- 
 nary two years in the class of 1824; was licensed but never ordained; 
 was tutor in Dartmouth College from 1823 to 1824, from which he 
 turned to the enterprise of establishing a religious newspaper in Ver- 
 mont, and issued the first number of the " Veemont Cheonicle," April 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 389 
 
 14, 1826, at Bellows Falls, from which place it was removed to Windsor 
 the same year. The work of starting a religious paper was of an oner- 
 ous and discouraging nature, but he persevered, and in the end achieved 
 success. In 1829, however, he surrendered the editorship of the Chroni- 
 cle to his brother Joseph, while he went for a short time, to the New 
 York Journal of Commerce, thence to the Observer office, in the same 
 city. Subsequently he edited a temperance paper in Andover, Mass., 
 then the Boston Recorder. In 1834 he resumed the editorship^ of the 
 Chronicle, in which position he remained the rest of his life. He mar- 
 ried Martha Sherman, daughter of Rev. J. Evarts, of Boston, Mass., 
 Sept. 13, 1832. John Jay Tracy, (D. C, 1864), was his son. 
 
 1820. 
 
 Jaspbh Newton, son of Dea. David and Mary (Hazen) Newton, was 
 born in Hartford, Feb. 20, 1798, and died in Hillsborough, Md , Nov. 
 9, 1821, aged 23. He taught in an academy in St. Mary Co., Md., and 
 went thence to Hillsborough. He was one of ten brothers, each of whom 
 was over six seet in height, and was one of sixteen children in the same 
 family, all of whom are now dead. Their united ages aggregated up- 
 wards of 1,200 years. Enos Wood Newton, (D. C, 1815,) was one of 
 the ten brothers. 
 
 Joseph Poetee, son of William and Mary (Hodges) Porter, was 
 born in Hartford, Vt., 1796, and died in Jericho, July 9th, 1829, 
 aged 33. He read law with Hon. Joseph Bell, (D. C, 1807,) in Haver- 
 hill, N. H., and settled in practice in Jericho, Chittenden Co., in 1824. 
 A fall from his horse caused his death. He married Laura Bliss, of 
 Jericho. 
 
 1825. 
 
 Abeam Maesh, A. M., son of Abram and Mary (Button) Marsh, 
 was born in Hartford, June 15, 1803, and died in Tolland, Conn., Sept. 
 2, 1877, aged 75. He was principal of Thetford academy in 1827 ; 
 studied divinity in Andover Theological Seminary, class of 1828 ; was 
 ordained an evangelist in Reading, Vt., June 23d, 1829 ; installed pas- 
 tor of the Cong'l church in Tolland, Conn., November 30, 1831 ; dis- 
 missed in 1869 ; removed to West Woodstock, Conn., in 1874, where 
 he continued until 1877 ; then returned to Talland where he died. He 
 was president of the Connecticut Bible Society 1868-77 ; and agent 
 from 1869-71. He married first, Rhoda, daughter of Rev. Silvan Short, 
 of Meriden, Conn., June 27, 1827 ; second, Mary Cooley, of Norwich, 
 Conn., April 6, 1842. 
 
390 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 1827. 
 Leonaed Maesh, a. M., son of Daniel and Marion (Harper) Marsh 
 was born in Hartford, June 29, 1800. He studied medicine in New 
 York City with Dr. Valentine Mott, and at Dartmouth medical college, 
 graduating M. D., in 1832 ; then began practice in Hartford, Vt., from 
 which place he removed in 1840 to Burlington, Yt., and there continued 
 his profession until elected to the professorship of Greek in the Univer- 
 sity of Yermont in 1855. In 1857, he was transferred from the depart- 
 ment of languages to that of Yegetable and Animal Physiology, and 
 Comparative Anatomy. In 1868, he was attacked by a painful and 
 dangerous disease from which he suffered till his death in 1870. Dr. 
 Marsh was a man of learning and great acuteness of mind. Some of 
 his writings show an extensive and profound acquaintance with ancient 
 literature. Of a stock that have always loved liberty and justice, and 
 abhored everything tending to the degredation of man, he early used 
 his pen with great boldness and vigor against the system of human 
 slavery which was cursing our beloved country, and he continued his 
 eif orts till the system was destroyed. He married Anna L, daughter of 
 Hon. Alvin Foot, (D. C, 1798), of Burlington, who survives him. 
 
 1829. 
 
 Iea Caktbe Teacy, son of Deacon Joseph and Ruth (Carter) Tracy, 
 was born in Hartford, January 15, 1806, and died in Bloomington, 111., 
 Nov. 10, 1775, aged 69 years 9 months. When fourteen years of age 
 he made a public profession of his faith in Christ, and at about the 
 same time the reading of a tract entitled " The claims of six hundj'ed 
 millions," kindled that missionary zeal which was the inspiration of his 
 whole life. After graduating at Dartmouth College in 1829, where he 
 stood 'first in his class, and having completed his theological studies at 
 Andover in 1832, he was ordained as a missionary in Hartford, Sept. 28, 
 1832. On Sabbath eve, June 9, 1833, in the Murray street church 
 edifice. New York city, he and Mr. S. Wells Williams, received their 
 instructions as missionaries to China. They sailed from New York, 
 June 15, 1833, and arrived in Canton, Oct. 26. 
 
 Mr. Tracy was the second missionary of the American Board in 
 China. Singapore was considered an important point from which to 
 reach many people and to circulate christian literature. Mr. Tracy 
 arrived there July 24, 1834, and very soon made his home in a Chinese 
 family, the more quickly to learn the language, and the more thoroughly 
 to study the people. It indicates the zeal with which he set about his 
 work, that in less than ten months he was able to preach in Chinese. 
 He baptized the first Chinese convert of the American mission. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 391 
 
 Miss Adeline White, born in West Brookfield, Mass., Sept. 25, 1809, 
 left Boston July 2d, 1834 ; reached Signapore January 12, and was 
 married to Mr. Tracy, January 15, 1835. Overwork and exposure to 
 the intense heat prostrated Mr. Tracy in '39, and in November of that 
 year he went to Southern India ; but he was obliged to leave India for 
 the United States, to which he returned Aug. 8, 1841. After four years 
 of patient waiting, doing the little his health would permit, seeing no 
 hope of resuming his work abroad, he was released from his connection 
 with the American Board, and commenced work as a home missionary 
 in Ohio, preaching in Franklin, and Streetsborough, from 1846 to 1851. 
 In 1851, he went to the town of Patch Grove, Wisconsin, though his 
 field covered what is now Bloomington, also. As pastor of the Congre- 
 gational church, he was untiring in his efforts for the spiritual welfare 
 of the community, preaching in the school houses, visiting the families 
 and distributing religious books. He also secured the erection of a 
 church edifice. His wife having died before he went to Winconsin, he 
 married in Oct., 1852, Mrs. Elizabeth Charlton Gleason, of East Wind- 
 sor Hill, Conn. 
 
 In the spring of 1856, after a precious revival of religion, and large 
 additions to the church, he went to Spring Valley, Minnesota, and or- 
 ganized the first Congregational church in Filmore county. Here he 
 did his last work as a pastor. In the spring of 1861, after another 
 marked revival, his health failed, and he was compelled to relinquish 
 the active duties of the ministry. He returned to his old home in 
 Bloomington, where he spent fourteen years on a small farm, but 
 preached occasionally as his strength permitted, and was always a de- 
 voted friend and helper of the church with which he was identified. 
 Doing good was his ruling passion, and his usefulness as a man and 
 christian ended only with his life. 
 
 In 1873, Mr. Tracy came East, partly to visit the Chinese Commis- 
 sioner, Lai Lun, who came to this country having charge of a number 
 of Chinese youth he had induce.d the Chinese government to send to 
 this country to be educated under his superintendence. Lui Lun, when 
 a boy, was found in the jungles by Mr. Tracy, and taken into his 
 school where he learned of Christ and became a christian. Mr. Tracy 
 visited Lui Lun in Springfield, Mass., and was received by his former 
 pupil with flattering expressions of cordiality, and subsequently they 
 exchanged letters. It was doubtless the greatest joy of Mr. Tracy's 
 life to see one whom he had i-escued from heathenism, occupying the 
 honored position of a christian statesman, and engaged in a work of 
 incalculable benefit to his benighted race. 
 
393 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 In October, 1875, lie attended the annual meeting of the American 
 Board in Chicago, greatly to his delight. On his way home from this 
 meeting he visited his only remaining child, Rev. A. E. Tracy, and 
 preached for him Sabbath, October 10th, the last sermon he ever 
 preached. Returning home he was busily engaged in preparing for 
 the winter, when Saturday eve, November 7th, after returning from 
 the village, he was suddenly stricken with paralysis. He lived till 
 Tuesday morning, November 10th, but without being able to speak or 
 communicate his wishes to the friends around him. 
 
 The children of Mr. Tracy were: Edwin Allen, born in Singapore, 
 Jan'y 29, 1836; died on the ocean. May, 1841. Ira White, born Sept. 
 2d, 1841, in Philadelphia; died in Montgomery, Ala., May 2d, 1865, a 
 member of Co. D, 33d regiment, "Wisconsin volunteers. Alfred Ed- 
 wards, born in West Brookfield, Mass., July 2d, 1845, now a Congre- 
 gational minister in Foxboro, Mass. 
 
 In a paper prepared by Mr. Tracy to be read at his funeral, he says: 
 " I may not say, 'Let there be no weeping here; ' for perhaps some few 
 may feel, by natural' impulse, disposed to weep at one's final parting 
 on earth, and that impulse should not be violently restrained; but I do 
 say, ' Let there be thanksgiving and rejoicing at my funeral.' If I die 
 a christian as I am sure I shall, then in me grace has triumphed, the 
 battle of life is fought and the victory won, Christ has led one more of 
 His chosen and redeemed ones to the end of his trial — ^life. * * * 
 For yourselves, my friends and neighbors, I pray you in Christ's 
 stead, he ye reconciled to God. Be willing to have Him for your 
 own God and Father, and treat Him as such from this day forward. 
 Seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness. Be ye faithful 
 unto death. God shall give you a crown of life. Amen," 
 
 1830. 
 Austin Hazbn Wright, son of David and Elizabeth (Hazen) Wright, 
 was born in Hartford, Nov. 11, 1811, and died in Oroomiah, Persia, 
 January 4, 1865, aged 53. He taught in Richmond, Va., some years, 
 studied divinity in Union Theological Seminary in Prince Edward 
 County, Va., and also medicine, graduating M. D. in the University of 
 Virginia; was ordained an evangelist; sailed for Persia as a missionary 
 March 9, 1840; arrived in Oroomiah, July 25, 1840; was there very 
 successful in his ministry till 1860; then visited the United States, but 
 returned to his station in 1864 where he soon died. Dr. Wright was 
 one of the best oriental scholars this country ever produced. He mar- 
 ried Catherine A. Myers of Whitehall, N. Y., in Oroomiah, June 13, 
 1844. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 393 
 
 1831. 
 Benjamiit Ela, son of Benjamin and Abigail (Emerson) Ela, was 
 born in Hartford, August 4, 1809; fitted for college at Meriden, N. H.; 
 taught at Glens Falls, N. Y., 1831-2 ; studied theology at Andover, 
 1832-5, graduating in 1835; studied also as a resident graduate in East 
 Windsor, Conn., Theo. Sem. one year from May, 1837; was ordained a 
 Congregational evangelist in Billerica, Mass., May 29, 1841; preached' 
 in Marlboro, Conn., 1838-9; in Bristol, Conn., 1840-1; was New York 
 correspondent of the " Christian Recorder and Congregationalist," 
 1843-48; associate editor "Merry's Museum," also of the "Mother's 
 Magazine," New York, from 1848 or '49 to 1853; editor of Parley's 
 Magazine, 1853-55; then lived on a farm in Merrimack, N. H., till his 
 death, April 30, 1881, of organic disease of the liver. He was made 
 an honorary member of A. B. C. P. M. in 1839; member of New 
 Hampshire Legislature, 1870-71; town clerk, 1872, till his death; su- 
 perintending school committee five years. He married Angeline, 
 daughter of Samuel and Anna (Buxton) McCouihe of Merrimack, 
 April 10, 1849. 
 
 1835. 
 
 Cyrus Smith EiOHiEos, L. L. D., was born in Hartford, Vt., March 11, 
 1808. His grandfather, Jonas Eichards, who married Hannah Wheeler, 
 about ten years before the Revolutionary war, removed with her from 
 Plainfield, Ct., to Norwich, Vt., about 1767. Their journey was on 
 horseback, the road much of the way being a mere bridle-path. He was 
 one of the first settlers of Norwich, purchasing and clearing a farm in 
 the almost unbroken wilderness, about a mile from the "plain." 
 
 In this pioneer home in 1767, was born Joel Richards, the father of 
 the subject of this sketch, the first male child born in Norwich. Al- 
 though he enjoyed very limited opportunities for education, he grew up 
 to be a capable, industrious and highly respected man, and was at least 
 during his later years, a devoted christian. He married Miriam Smith, 
 Dec. 5, 1794, the daughter of Sylvanus Smith of Hadley, Mass. He 
 took a new farm on the line between Hartford and Norwich, and under- 
 took the work of clearing it with great energy. He died Aug. 12, 1812, 
 leaving nine children, one other child having died in infancy. 
 
 The eldest son, Chester, not yet 17 years old, then undertook the 
 management of the farm, and with the wise counsel and direction of his 
 mother, succeeded well. In this frugal and hard-working family, Cyrus, 
 the eighth child, grew up, clad in homespun, and disciplined by the hard 
 
394 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 work of the farm. His early education was scanty, such as might be 
 gained from two months' schooling in the winter, and from reading and 
 studying at home. But he made the most of these slender advantages, 
 and was reputed to be among the best scholars of the neighborhood. 
 
 In 1824, at the age of 16, he left home to live till his majority, with 
 Mr. Elijah Hazen, whose wife was the daughter of Mr. Seth Savage, who 
 afterward married Mrs. Miriam Eichards, the mother of Cyrus. They 
 were excellent christian people, and strongly attached to the boy who 
 had come into their home, and they exerted over him a strong influence 
 for good. 
 
 As a boy, he was a member of the first Sunday school in Hartford 
 (and perhaps in that part of New England), which was organized under 
 the suggestions and direction of Mrs. Sheldon Newton. Always seri- 
 ous, and sensitive to religious impressions, he did not come out into a 
 clear and outspoken faith till his twentieth year ; but from that time he 
 was an ardent christian, and began to plan to study for the ministry. 
 
 A keen delight in study had already seized him. One of his teachers. 
 Forest Shepard, first put into his mind the idea that he might possibly 
 get a college education, and other teachers encouraged him. He resolved 
 to go. Accordingly, in September, 1828, he entered Kimball Union 
 Academy at Meriden, N. H., of which Eev. Israel Newell was then the 
 principal. Here he remained most of the time for three years, standing 
 high in his class as a scholar. 
 
 In 1831 he entered Dartmouth College in a class of seventy freshmen, 
 of whom fifty-one graduated. It was a superior class, including such 
 men as ex Gov. Washburn, of Vermont ; Hon. Amos Tuck, of New 
 Hampshire; Hon. John P. Healy, L. L. D., of Boston ; Hon. T. C. Wood- 
 man, of Maine; Eev. Stephen S. N. Greeley, and others. Amorg his 
 college mates were President S. C. Bartlett, Samuel H. Taylor, L. L. D., 
 of Andover; Prof. E. A. Lawrence, D. D., of East Windsor; Profs. E. 
 D. Sanborn, Noyes, Chase, and others. He graduated under the presi- 
 dency of -Dr. Lord in 1835. 
 
 While in college he had shown marked ability, both as a scholar and 
 a teacher, for his winters were usually occupied in teaching. He had by 
 this time taught both day school or singing school (and sometimes both) 
 in Hartford, Lebanon, Meriden, Cornish, Boseawen, and Concord. He 
 was, all his life, a remarkably sweet singer, having a high, pure tenor 
 voice. During his last year in college, Mr. Newell's failing health com- 
 pelled him to call for assistance in the academy, and Mr. Eichards was 
 invited to take bis classes during a part of the winter and summer. 
 
 On the day he graduated from Dartmouth, in August, 1835, he was 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOBD. 395 
 
 elected as principal of Kimball Union Academy, a position which he 
 filled (with the intermission of but a single term) for the next thirty-six 
 years. Here he developed remarkable executive ability in organizing 
 and managing the school, and great skill and thoroughness in teaching. 
 In 1840, a female department was added to the academy, and its courses 
 of instruction were extended and enlarged. The school grew steadily 
 under the new administration, and instead of an attendance of 100 stu- 
 dents, there were more than 200, and sometimes more than 300 there. 
 The institution for more than a quarter of a century ranked among the 
 foremost academies in New England, and its principal was recognized 
 as one of the best educators there. He was ably supported by teachers 
 of high character and ability. A marked feature of the school was the 
 moral and religious tone that characterized it ; many an earnest chris- 
 tian life was begun within its walls. Eleven hundred and eighty stu- 
 dents graduated from the academy under his instruction, having taken 
 the full course, many of whom afterwards attained eminence as ruinis- 
 ters, missionaries, college professors, jurists and journalists. Several 
 thousands of other pupils took a partial course under his principalship. 
 Failing health obliged him to relinquish so arduous a work, in a climate 
 peculiarly trying to him, and he offered his resignation in the summer 
 of 1871. 
 
 On the very day he resigned the principalship of the academy at Mer- 
 iden, he received an appointment as professor in Harvard University, 
 Washington, D. C, and in the autumn he assumed charge of its prepar- 
 atory department, where he continued for fourteen years, winning for 
 the institution the same reputation for thoroughness of work, and im- 
 pressing his character and principles in the same marked way upon the 
 students, as at Meriden. His associates in the University, including 
 Gen. Howard, and Rev. Dr. Patton, the Presidents, bore testimony to the 
 enthusiasm, vigor, and great success of his work, even to his seventy- 
 eighth year. 
 
 His eminence, as an educator, received frequent recognition from his 
 co-laborers in that field. He was President of the New Hampshire State 
 Teachers' Association in 1863 and 1864, and frequently presented papers 
 and led discussions m such gatherings. He received the honorary degree 
 of Doctor of Laws from Dartmouth College in 1865. At the National 
 Educational Association, held at Madison, Wis., in 1884, Gen. John 
 Eaton, Commissioner of Education in the United States, mentioned him 
 as having the special distinction of having fitted more students for 
 college than any man in the country. 
 
 His marked religious character found expression in other ways than 
 
396 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 in school. He had intended, when he went to Meriden as Principal, to 
 teach a few years, and then take up his chosen work of the ministry. 
 In 1847 he resigned and went to Andover Theological Seminary to com- 
 plete his studies for that work. But being told by many that his great- 
 est usefulness was to be found in educational work, he yielded to the 
 solicitations of the trustees and returned to the academy. He received, 
 however, approbation as a preacher, and occasionally occupied the pul- 
 pits of the surrounding towns. He was deacon and clerk of the Con- 
 gregational church in Meriden during nearly his entire residence there. 
 
 His intellectual activity also manifested itself in authorship. In 1859 
 he published " Latin Lessons and Tables," for elementary classes, which 
 was received with much favor by classical teachers, and passed through 
 several editions. The plates of this book were destroyed by the great 
 Boston fire in 1872. In 1882 he published " Outlines of Latin Grammar," 
 which the Journal of Education calls a "marvelous condensation," and 
 "far in advance of any book that we have ever seen professing to give 
 merely the ' outlines ' of latin grammar." This was followed by a com- 
 panion volume in 1883, entitled, "Introduction to Csesar; first Latin 
 Lessons." He was also an occasional writer for various religious and 
 literary journals. 
 
 He was married, Aug. 1, 1836, to Helen Dorothy Whiten, daughter 
 of the Eev. Dr. John M. Whiton, who was for forty-four years pastor of 
 the Presbyterian church in Antrim, N. H. She was a woman of lovely 
 christian character, and of uncommon intellectual gifts and culture. She 
 wrote much for religious periodicals, and was the author of several 
 juvenile books. She died March 10, 1860, greatly lamented by the 
 entire community, to whom her social gifts and warm sympathies had 
 much endeared her. Six children were born to them, two died in early 
 childhood. Those who survive are as follows, viz.: Helen Morris, wife 
 of the Eev. George F. Herrick, D. D., Marsovan, Turkey ; The Eev. 
 Charles Herbert Eichards, D. D., Madison, Wis.; Abbie Louise, wife of 
 the Eev. Frank P. Woodbury, D. D., Eockford, 111., and William Evarts 
 Eichards, Esq., New York city. 
 
 He was married again, April 30, 1861, to Maria WUliams Parker, of 
 Boston, Mass., the daughter of Oliver W. Parker, Esq., of Plymipton, 
 Mass. She had been for three years a successful teacher in the Boston 
 public schools, and was warmly sympathetic and helpful in his work 
 both at Meriden and Washington. 
 
 In the summer of 1885 he completed his fiftieth year as a teacher, 
 and graduated his fiftieth class for college. , His former students, 
 remembering him with honor and affection, sent him a testimonial for 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 397 
 
 his semi-centennial, accompanied by a purse of $500 in gold. His liealth, 
 however, was rapidly giving way. His son brought him in June to his 
 home in Madison, Wis., hoping that the change of scene and climate 
 would reinvigorate him. But after rallying a httle at first, his powers 
 gave way under the weight of years and disease, and he died of bron- 
 chial consumption, July 19, 1885, in his seventy-eighth year. On a 
 Sunday night he passed from the praises of earth, which he so dearly 
 loved, to the praises of heaven, which he had long anticipated. His 
 body, was taken for interment to Meriden, which had been his home so 
 long, and the scene of his most important work. A funeral service was 
 held at Madison, where he died, and memorial services were also held 
 at Meriden and at Washington. 
 
 1836. 
 J. De Forrest Eiohahds, L. L. D., son of Joel and Miriam (Smith) 
 Richards, was born in Hartford, Dec. 28, 1809. He was tutor in Mari- 
 etta College, Ohio ; studied divinity in Union Theological Seminary in 
 New York City, and in Andover Theological Seminary ; graduating at 
 the last in 1840 ; was ordained pastor of the Congregational church in 
 Charlestown, N. H., May 28, 1841 ; dismissed Oct. 14, 1851 ; installed 
 pastor in Chester, June, 1853 ; dismissed in 1857 ; removed to Weath- 
 ersfield, and was stated supply there until 1862, when he went to Mon- 
 roe, Mich ; was principal of female seminary at College Hill, O., 1863- 
 65 ; professor of astronomy and acting president of Alabama Stat e Uni- 
 versity 1869-72. He married Hannah Bartlett, daughter of Hon. Wm. 
 Jarvis of Weathersfield, Aug. 9, 1843. 
 
 1840. 
 Norman Hazen, son of Solomon and Deborah (Fuller) Hazen, was 
 born in Hartford, Sept. 7, 1814, and died in Royalstoa, Mass., Feb 13, 
 1852, aged 37. He studied at Andover Theological Seminary, graduat- 
 ing in 1844 ; was ordained pastor of the Cong'l church in Eoyalston, 
 Mch. 24, 1847, and died in office. He married Martha, daughter of 
 Hon. John Vose, of Atkinson, N. H., Sept. 17, 1845. 
 
 1842. 
 
 Allen Hazen, A. M., son of Rev. Austin, (D. C, 1807), and Frances 
 Mary (Dana) Hazen, was born in Hartford, Nov. 30, 1822. He studied 
 divinity in Andover Theological Seminary, graduating in 1845 ; was or- 
 dained an evangelist in Berlin, July 1, 1846 ; sailed from Boston to In- 
 dia as a missionary, Sept. 26, 1846 ; arrived in Bombay, Feb. 27, 1847, 
 and in Ahmednugger, his station, Mch. 30, 1847 ; left for Servor, Aug. 
 
398 HISTORY OP HARTFORD. 
 
 5, 1847, and after remaining some time, returned to Ahmednugger 
 where his mission was chiefly made ; returned to the United States in 
 1858 ; returned to Ahmednugger until 1872 ; returned to United States ; 
 preached in Springfield, Mass., 1874 ; Pomfret, Vt., 1875-77 ; Norwich, 
 1877-79 ; Agawam, Mass., 1880-81 ; Deerfield, Mass., 1882. He mar- 
 ried Martha Ramsay, daughter of Oliver Chapin, of Somers, Conn., 
 Sept. 18, 1876. (See family record of Rev. Austin Hazen.) 
 
 1849. 
 Charles Habpeb Stkong, son of John and Mary (Gates) Strongs was 
 bora in Hartford, Moh. 23, 1828, and died in Utica, N. T., May 11, 
 1851, aged 23. He was an operator in a telegraph office at Rochester, 
 N. Y., in 1850, and in Utica afterwards. Obituary notices were highly 
 commendatory. (See family record of the Strong Family.) 
 
 1854. 
 
 Henry Allen Hazen, son of Allen and Hannah P. (Dana) Hazen, born 
 in Hartford, Vt., Dec. 27, 1832. Andover Theological Seminary, 1857; 
 ordained in St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1858, Feb. 17, and preached in Bridge- 
 water, Barnard, Hardwick, 1859 ; Barton, 1860 ; West Randolph 1861. 
 Installed, Plymouth, N. H., Jan. 21, 1863 ; dismissed July 15, 1863. 
 Installed Lyme, N. H., Sept. 2, 1868 ; dismissed Sept. 30, 1870. In- 
 stalled Pittsfield, Mass., Dec. 22, 1870 ; dismissed Nov. 30, 1872. In- 
 stalled Billerica, Mass., May 21, 1874; dismissed May 4, 1879.' Trus- 
 tee of Kimball Union Academy since 1869 ; of the Howe school 1875 to 
 1886 ; of the New Hampshire Missionary Society 1872-4 ; Statistical Sec- 
 retary New Hampshire General Association 1872-4. Member of the 
 Vermont and New Hampshire Historical Societies and of the N. E. 
 Historic Genealogical Society. Associate editor Congregational Quar- 
 terly, 1876-8 ; Secretary Andover Alumni Association since 1878 ; edi- 
 tor General Catalogue, Andover Theological Seminary since 1880 ; Sec- 
 retary of the National Council of Congregational churches of the United 
 States since 1883 ; edited Ministers National Council 1883-86 ; edited 
 the Congregational year book 1884-5-6-7. He has published (1) man- 
 ual of the Congregational church, Plymouth, N. H ; (2) Historical Dis- 
 course commemorative of the centennial anniversay of the same church, 
 1875 ; (3) Ministry and churches of New Hampshire ; (4) Pastors of 
 New Hampshire ; (5) History of Billerica, ' Mass. He married July 9, 
 1863, Charlotte Eloisa, daughter of Dr. Geo. B. Greene of Windsor, Vt. 
 She died in Auburndale, Mass., Feb. 8, 1881, aged 47 years 10 days. 
 Children : Mary, born Nov. 23, 1861, died Sept. 30, 1865 ; Emily, born 
 Aug. 5, 1866 ; Charlotte, born Nov. 6, 1868. 
 
 ' Removed from Billerica to Auburndale. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 399 
 
 1855. 
 
 John Foster Porter, son of John and Jane Frances (Foster) Porter, 
 was born in Hartford, May 11, 1834, and died in Hartford Sept. 6, 1885, 
 aged 51. After graduation he taught a select school in Troy, N. Y. He 
 was with the firm of Seymour and Van Sautvoord, in Troy, in 1856 and 
 '57 ; was a member of the Albany Law School during the year 1857 ; 
 was admitted to the bar in Albany, Dec. 8, 1857, and practiced his pro- 
 fession in Troy until his death. He was Police Justice in 1861-62, 
 and clerk of the board of Supervisors 1873 to '75; was vice-president 
 and a director of the Commercial Telephone Co. He was married June 
 2, 1870, to Mary E. Blair, of Troy, by whom he had one son and two 
 daughters. He was a man of high character, and an honor to his pro- 
 fession which can ill-afford to lose a member whose life, private and pro- 
 fesnonal, was exceptionally unblemished. 
 
 1856. 
 Daniel Bliss Dudley, son of Loring Bailey and Sarah (Bliss) Dudley, 
 born in Lebanon, N. H., Dec. 25, 1833 ; lived in West Hartford many 
 years when a youth, and until after his graduation ; fitted at Meriden, 
 N. H. Taught in La Grange, Ga., 1856-7 ; Abbeville, Ala., 1857 ; then 
 for eighteen months taught and lectured on the Morrisonian system of 
 English grammar, in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. Studied theol- 
 ogy at Union Seminary, New York City, 1859-60 ; then read law at Al- 
 bany Law School, 1860-2 ; assistant editor Vt. Journal (Windsor) over 
 five years, from Dec, '62 ; clerk in War Department in Washington, D. 
 C, Oct., 1863, till March 1, 1864. Practiced law in New York City from 
 March, 1864, till his death, April 24, 1884, of apoplexy. Was also clerk 
 in the New York custom house, 1869-70, and traveled in Europe, 1867- 
 '68. Married Feb. 14, 1867, Elizabeth George, daughter of Wm. 
 George and Elizabeth Eule, of New York, who survived him without 
 children. 
 
 1857. 
 
 Samtel Everett Pingree, son of Stephen and Judeth (True) Pingree, 
 was born in Salisbury, N. H., August 2, 1832, and located in Hartford 
 in 1859. He was fitted for college at the Salisbury and Andover (N. H.) 
 academies, and at Mclndoes Falls, Vt., entered the sophomore class of 
 Dartmouth College, and was graduated in the class of 1857. He studied 
 law in the office of Hon. A. P. Hunton, of Bethel, and was admitted to 
 the bar of Windsor county in 1859. In January, 1860, he began prac- 
 tice, where he has since resided. 
 
400 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 At the opening of the rebellion,- he assisted in recruiting and enlisted 
 as a private in Co. F, 3d Eegt. Vt. Vols. Upon its organization, he was 
 chosen its first lieutenant, and afterwards its captain. At the battle of 
 Lee's Mills, April 16, 1862, at the head of four companies, he charged 
 upon the rebel lines, and wading Warwick Creek, breast-high, under 
 severe fire from the enemy, drove thsm from their rifle-pits. He was 
 twice wounded in this battle, and was thereby in hospital during the 
 seven days around Richmond, under McClellan, which was the only im- 
 portant battle in which the Army of the Potomac was engaged when he 
 was not present. Subsequently, he was promoted to be major and lieu- 
 tenant-colonel of his regiment. During the first days' battle of the 
 Wilderness he was ordered to take command of the 2d Vermont, and he 
 continued in command until it was mustered out of service, June 29, 
 1865. In the fall of 1863, he was for a while in command of the 7th 
 Maine Vols., and at another time of a New Jersey regiment. On his re- 
 turn to civil life, he resumed the practice of his profession, and was 
 elected State's attorney for Windsor county in 1867-8. He raised the 
 8th regiment of Vermont militia, and was its colonel during its exist- 
 ence. He was president of the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers 
 and Soldiers, in 1865. In 1868 he was one of the delegates-at-large to 
 the Republican national convention at Chicago, and in 1882 he was 
 elected lieutenant-governor of the State. In 1884 he was elected, as a 
 Republican, governor, receiving 42,524 votes, against 19,820 votes for 
 Lyman W. Redington, Democrat ; 635 votes for Samuel Soule, Green- 
 backer ; 200 votes for Charles M. Stone, Independent ; and ten scatter- 
 ing. 
 
 Under an act to create a board of railroad commissioners, passed by 
 the General Assembly of Vermont, and approved November 22, 1886, 
 the governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected ex- 
 Governor S. E. Pingree for chairman of said board for the term of two 
 years from and after December 1st, A. D., 1886. In Dec, '88, he was 
 again appointed chairman of said board for the term of two years. Mr. 
 Pingree has practiced his profession, since his return from the war, in 
 Hartford village. He was married Sept. 15, 1869, to Lydia M. Steele, 
 
 of Newport, Vt. No children. 
 
 1860. 
 
 Daniel Ashley Dickenson, son of Wright S. and Martha (Dennison) 
 
 Dickenson, born in Hartford, Vt., 28 Oct., 1839. Fitted at Meriden, 
 
 N. H., spent the fall of 1860 with a classmate, Charles Lee Foster, in a 
 
 pedestrian tour through Great Britain and Ireland, going out before 
 
 the mast, but returning as passenger. Studied law in West Lebanon, 
 
 N. H., till Sept., 1861 ; then at Pittsburgh, N. Y., till June, 1863. Ad- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 401 
 
 mitted to the bar. Acting Asst. Paymaster U. S. N., June, '63, to 
 Jan'y, 65, being attached to gunboat Freeborn, of Potomac flotilla. 
 Finished legal studies in Albany Law School ; Practiced law in office of 
 Smith M. Weed, Plattsburgh, N. ¥., from Jan'y, 1865, and became his 
 partner, Jan. 1, 1867 ; removed to Mankato, Minn., May, 1868, where he 
 practiced in the firm of Severance & Dickenson. Became Judge of the 
 District Court in 1874 ; appointed associate justice of the Supreme 
 Court in 1881, to fill a vacancy, and elected to same office that year ; 
 re-elected for second term in 1886. Married, 11 June, 1867, Mary E. 
 Weed, of Plattsburgh, N. T. Has two daughters living, and one is 
 dead. 
 
 1861. 
 
 Abel Trumbull Howard, born in W. Hartford, Vt., Nov. 1, 1830, the 
 eldest son of the late Abel and Mary (Hunt) Howard. His father was a 
 farmer, and at 18, after a district school education, the son commenced 
 teaching. His leisure time was spent at home, assisting on the farm. 
 Between 18 and 26 he fitted for college at Kimball Union Academy, in 
 Meriden, N. H. After fitting for college course, he spent two years in 
 Virginia, teaching, for which he obtained money for his college educa- 
 tion. After his graduation in Aug , 1861, he was married to Anna 
 Holyoke Cutts, daughter of Hon. Hampden Gutts, of Brattleboro, and 
 took the position of principal in the High School at Walpole, N. H., in 
 the winter of 1861 and '62. In Brattleboro, he held the same position 
 for a year, until 1863, at which time he went to Brooklyn, N. Y. There 
 he taught in a private boys' school, a few months, and then went to 
 Chester, N. J., where he and his wife and Rev. Mr. Stoutenbergh, were 
 associated with Chester Academy, as Principals. In 1865, the following 
 year, he and his wife went to Matawan, N. J., as principals and proprie- 
 tors of Glenwood Collegiate Institute. They spent seven years and a half 
 there, and then returned to Brooklyn where they have lived ever since. 
 He taught in a private school a few years and then embarked in the 
 commission business. He has four children living. Cecil Hampden, 
 born Sept. 5, 1862 ; Mary Cutts, born Feb. 22, 1865 ; Charles Trumbull, 
 born Oct. 18, 1876 ; Edward Eliot, born July 2, 1876 ; he has also lost 
 8 children by death. 
 
 1862. 
 
 Geo. B. Patch, son of William and Adeline (Wright) Patch, born in 
 Hartford, 6 May, 1837. Fitted at Thetford Academy. City missionary 
 in Washington, D. C, 1862-3, in employ of the First Presbyterian 
 
 36 
 
402 HISTORY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 church. In Juae, 1863, became a clerk in the United States Treas- 
 ury Department. Was pastor of the Easton Presbyterian church 
 in Washington, 1875-1881, then resigned to begin a new church 
 enterprise in the north- west portion of the city, which resulted in the 
 organization of Unity Presbyterian church, of which he was installed 
 pastor, 19 April, 1882. He traveled in Earope in the summer and fall of 
 1878. Has published a volume of poems. Married 13 Jan'y, 1864, 
 Elizabeth Walker. Has no children. 
 
 1871. 
 H Allen Hazbn, son of Rev. Allen and Martha (Chapin) Hazen, and 
 grandson of Rev. Austin Hazen, (D. C, 1807), was born in Servor, British 
 India, Jan'y 12, 1849. At that time Rev. Allen Hazen was doing mis- 
 sionary work in Servor, but he soon after removed to Ahmednugger, 
 where his mission was chiefly made. He returned to the United States 
 in 1858, with his family, and, after remaining here a short time, returned 
 to Ahmednugger, leaving his son Allen in this country. At the age of 
 sixteen, young Hazen went to St. Johnsbury, Vt., for the purpose of 
 fitting for college, at the academy there, of which Prof. J. K. Colby was 
 the principal, but, owing to the death of Prof. Colby, he completed his 
 academical course at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. From 
 this institution he entered Dartmouth College with seventeen of his 
 classmates, in 1867. For one year after his graduation he studied in the 
 Thayer School of Engineering, in Hanover. In the autumn of 1872, 
 Mr. Hazen went to New Haven, Conn., and there took up the study of 
 mechanical drawing, astronomy and chemistry, in the Sheffield Scientific 
 School, in which school he was an instructor in drawing for five years. 
 In the autumn of 1877, he was assistant in meteorology and lectures in 
 physics to Prof. Elias Loomis. In May, 1881, he entered the signal 
 service, in Washington, D. C, where his work since has been mostly in 
 the line of special investigations on weather predictions, thermometer 
 exposure, thunder storms, tables of reduction, sky-glows, balloon ascents 
 and other subjects. In 1884 Mr. Hazen was awarded the Warner gold 
 medal for " scientific discovery," for an essay on sky-glows. Among 
 his literary productions, which have appeared in scientific journals, are 
 twenty papers, on meteorological subjects. In 1879 he devoted much time 
 to collecting genealogical notes on the Hazen family, and obtained 
 nearly four thousand names. 
 
 1874. 
 Febd L. Allen, son of Dr. Samuel J. and Mary (Lyman)^Allen, was 
 born in Hartford, July 7, 1848 ; fitted at Meriden ; graduated at And- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 403 
 
 over, 1877 ; ordained Sept. 26, 1877, at Walpole, N. H..: dismissed, 1884; 
 began present ministry in Henniker, N. H., Nov. 1, 1884. 
 
 1878. 
 
 Chaklks Ahthuk Tucker, A. M., son of Samuel Baseom and Amanda 
 (Hazen) Tucker, was born in West Hartford, March 31, 1855. Fitted for 
 college at Meriden, N. H.; book-keeper for Mr. Hayes, Elizabeth, N. J., 
 1878 ; taught in high school in Manchester, Delaware Co., Iowa, Jan., 1879, 
 to September of same year ; first assistant teacher in high school, Lan- 
 sing, Iowa, to September, 1880 ; professor in Lenox Collegiate Institute, 
 Hopkinton, Iowa, 1880-81. In September, 1881, became principal of 
 the Centre school, Norwalk, Ct., which position he has since retained. 
 Married, Aug. 1, 1883, Mary Caroline, daughter of Wm. L. and Lydia 
 E. Quintard. No children. 
 
 1888. 
 
 Bennie Bdrton Gillett, son of Daniel O. and Julia (Burton) GUlett, 
 born in Hartford, July 21, 1865 ; fitted for college at St. Johmsbury 
 academy ; is a fine musician, and an abcdmplished organist. 
 
 1888, D. 0. AGE. COL. 
 
 Geo. E. Pobtek, son of "Wm. B. and Ruth (Whitney j Porter, born in 
 Hartford. 
 
 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE GRAB DATES. 
 
 Bachelors of Arts. 
 
 1787— Daniel Ordway GUlett, A. M., do. Won's 1797; died 1823, aged 
 63. 
 
 Bachelors of Science. 
 
 1863— Noah Bartholomew Hazen. 1874 — Tillotson Wheeler Gilson, 
 Walter Parker. 1875— Charles Morris Cone. 1881— Charles Herbert 
 Hazen, Frank Marston. 1885 — Allen Hazen. 
 
 Doctors of Medicine. 
 
 1819— Ira Tenney, died 1843, aged 48. 1839 — Thomas Green 
 Hazen, died 1875, aged 60. Joseph Nathan Stiles, died 1875. 1856 
 
 Homer Hopson Tenney, died 1881, aged 55. 1859 — Charles Harper 
 
 Tenney, died April 23, 1874, aged 44. 1869— Albert Smith, died 1880, 
 aged 37. 
 
404 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 GRADUATE OF TUFTS COLLEGE. 
 
 Elam Porter, son of Benjamin and Eachel (Gile) Porter, was born in 
 Hartford, Vt., April 22, 1837. After acquiring a good, common school 
 education, he fitted for Tufts College at the South Woodstock (Vt.) 
 academy, in company with his life-long friend, Eev. E. H. Capon, with 
 whom also he graduated at Tufts in the class of 1860. While in college 
 he taught the grammar school in Stoughton, Mass., to the full satisfac- 
 tion of all who were interested in its welfare. He gained many warm 
 friends there, by his manly, generous qualities, his social powers, and 
 his noble talent. After his graduation, he was for some time principal 
 of the high school in South Eeadirg, Mass. While there he pursued 
 the study of law under Judge Healy of Boston, and was admitted to 
 the bar. About the year 1865, he remoyed to Ohio, and was admitted 
 to the bar there. He finally settled in Cincinnati, where he rapidly 
 gained a lucrative practice. While in South Reading he was the super- 
 intendent of the Universalist Sunday school, and in Cincinnati he was 
 a member of the Bible class in connection with the First Church. 
 
 The death of Mr. Porter was of a tragical nature and cast a deep 
 shadow over the lives of his many admiring friends and acquaintances. 
 The following vivid account of his untimely death is copied from the 
 sermon preached at his funeral in Stoughton, Mass., by Eev. A.. St. John 
 Chamber, pastor of the First Parish Church, Sunday, December 29th, 
 1867 :— 
 
 " We have all been startled by the frightful catastrophe on the Lake 
 Shore E. E. The night express train for Albany, left Cincinnati on 
 Tuesday evening, the 17th inst., laden with its freight of human souls 
 and human hopes. All went well until Wednesday afternoon, when 
 owing to some cause not yet clearly made known, as the train neared 
 Angola, west of Buffalo, the cars were thrown from the rails. Two cars 
 went over the embankment, one on either side of the track. Down some 
 sixty feet, on one side, plunged a car, to be utterly wrecked by the ter- 
 rible descent. All the passengers were precipitated into one end. This 
 was horrible. But the horror was intensified by the igniting of the 
 shattered mass from the live coals of the overturned stoves. Almost 
 instantaneously the whole was a sheet of flame, and nearly fifty human 
 beings, so latelyfull of bright hopes, and blissful anticipations were con- 
 sumed. It was impossible to render adequate assistance, although every 
 effort was made by the inhabitants of Angola. The steep and ice cov- 
 ered slope was little favorable to the aid that numberless brave and 
 pitying hearts would gladly have rendered. Nor could the raging fire 
 be quenched. Of those consumed in that car were a bridal party on 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 405 
 
 their wedding tour ; the superintendent of our Sunday school in Mai- 
 den, engaged to be married on Christmas day, and Mr. Elam Porter, 
 whom you all know, who on the same Christmas day was to have led to 
 the sacred alter his choice out of the world. He was to visit his sick, 
 and perhaps dying mother, in Vermont, and then to meet his affianced 
 here. Only a bunch of keys, with his name and residence on the ring 
 that bound them, was left to tell the awful tale. His body, with many 
 others could not be recognized." * * * 
 
 Mr. Porter's fiancee was Miss Mary Melcher, of Stoughton, Mass. 
 He held a policy of insurance on his life to the amount of $5,000, which 
 was made payable to Miss Melcher. 
 
 Honorary Degrees Conferred by Various Colleges. 
 
 1820— Williams College. 1837— Middlebury College. 
 Honorary degree of A. M. — Rev. Harvey F. Leavitt. 
 
 University of Vermont. 
 
 Honorary degree A. M.— Geo. E. Wales, 1823 ; Andrew Tracy, 1835 ; 
 Eoswell Marsh, 1837. 
 
 Dartmouth College. 
 
 Honorary degree A. M. — George Edward Wales, 1823 ; Andrew 
 Tracy, 1852 ; Charles Marsh, 1859. 
 
CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 GENEALOGIES. 
 
 No one who has not made genealogical researches, can form a just idea 
 of the difficulties of gathering facts requisite to completeness in the 
 work. The formation of a historical memorial of a family, even of the 
 least volume, cannot be accomplished without the co-operation of many 
 williag hearts and hands, especially in the absence of full and complete 
 written records, such as should be kept by every family in the land. It 
 is surprising that there are so many people who take but little, if any, 
 interest in the story of their lineage, or in the perpetuation of their own 
 memory, or, at least, sufficient interest to lead them to prepare and care- 
 fully preserve a memorial relating to the special branch of the family to 
 which they belong. How few there are who know anything of their 
 ancestry back of their grand parents ! And, why is it that many people 
 who are able to trace their paternal ancestry back for several 'genera- 
 tions, are unable to trace their maternal ancestry even to their grand 
 parents ? 
 
 During the compilation of the following family records the author has 
 written at least 500 letters to obtain facts and dates. A large number 
 of these letters, accompanied by return postage, fell into the hands of 
 those who appropriated the stamps, but maintained a careless or impat- 
 ible silence — (there are few forms of ill-breeding more ungracious than 
 this) — other letters elicited brief or superficial outlines of family histo- 
 ries, while some brought a large harvest of facts ; but the information 
 obtained was such as should have been found recorded in family Bibles 
 within the town. 
 
 The author has endeavored to arrange the following genealogies in 
 such a way that each branch of the family at large, and of every specific 
 family belonging to it, is pursued, from its beginning to its end, by 
 itself ; the antecedent and sequent connections of anj individual family 
 being presented in one connected view. This system is regarded by the 
 author as preferable to that of presenting all those belonging to a given 
 generation together in one view, which involves a tedious investigation, 
 as the antecedent and sequent connections of any individual family must 
 be repetit^ously sought for one by one. The system observed by the 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 407 
 
 author in the following genealogies is such that no lengthy researches 
 will be necessary in tracing out one's immmediate relatives. 
 
 To the careful reader of these genealogies, many points of special in- 
 terest of a biological and sociological kind will be observed. It will be 
 seen that fewer children are among our native population in modern, 
 than in by-gone days ; that both sexes are shorter-lived than formerly, 
 and that there is a much greater diversification of business at present, 
 as compared with the almost universal uniformity of employment at first 
 in tilling the soil. No longer than sixty years ago there was in one 
 school district in Hartford six families whose total membership, parents 
 and children, was ninety- nine persons, viz: — David Newton and wife, 
 and 16 children ; Sylvanus Smith and wife, and 20 children ; Samuel 
 Dutton and wife, and 16 children; Philip Sprague and wife, and 12 chil- 
 dren ; Harvey Gibbs and wife, and 10 children ; Daniel Benedict Dutton 
 and wife, and 13 children : number of children, 87. The number of other 
 children in the same district at that time swelled the aggregate to nearly 
 120, lu the same school district, to day, in an equal number of fami- 
 lies, there are less than 20 children. Sixty years ago, the number of 
 children of school age in the town was about 700. The number of fami- 
 hes then in the town was about 300 ; the average number of children of 
 school age to each family being three. To-day, there are about 700 fam- 
 ilies in the town, which have, altogether, not more than 700 children of 
 school age, or an average of one to each family. Eliminating the for- 
 eign population, say 100 families, in which the number of children as 
 compared with those of native citizens is as three to one, and we have 
 in 600 families of the native born population but 400 children of schoo^ 
 age (5 to 20 years of age). (Query.) How soon will the people of Anglo- 
 Saxon nativity, in this town, be supplanted by other and more prolific 
 races, that are observant of the Divine command — "Be fruitful and mul- 
 tiply"— (Gen. 1.28)? . 
 
 The author regrets that the histories of some other families are not 
 among those here presented. It is not, however, the author's fault that 
 other histories are not included. The descendants of some of the early 
 settlers who have been urged to loan written and printed data in their 
 possession, have wantonly or negligently withheld the same, seemingly 
 grudging for a history of themselves and their kindred the moiety of 
 time and effort they bestow upon " trifles light as air." 
 
 In conclusion, the author has to say that he feels confident that the 
 long series of earnest efforts made by him to obtain and preserve, 
 through all coming time, the family histories here presented, will be 
 
408 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 held at a high estimate by those for whose pro at and pleasure he has 
 unremittingly labored. 
 
 The abbreviations are: b. (bDrn), m. (married), d. (died), unm. (un- 
 married), ch. (children). 
 
 THE BARTHOLOMEW FAMILY. 
 
 1. William Bartholomew, the emigi-ant ancestor of the New England 
 family, was born in 1602 or '3, in Burford, Eng. On the 18th of Sept., 1634, he 
 arrived in Boston, in the sMp Griffith, with some forty others of his counti-ymen. 
 He was soon after made a freeman of Boston, and April 25, 1635, was granted 
 several ti-acts of land in Ipswich. May 6, 1635, he appeared at the General Court 
 in Boston as the representative of the inhabitants of Ipswich. He had then been 
 in America only seven months. He removed from Ipswich to Boston in 1660, 
 and from Boston to Charlestown in 1679, in which city he died Jan. 17, 1680. 
 (1681, new style). 
 
 2. Noah Bartholomew, a lineal descendant of William, and the son of Wil- 
 liam (4), was born wi Brantford, Conn., in 1732-3 ; married in Litchfield, Conn., 
 Mabel, daughter of Thomas Parmely, about 1756-7. He removed from Litchfield 
 to Hartford, Vt., in 1798, where he died 16 Feb., 1813. She died 24 Feb., 1813. 
 Their children yvere:— Luther, b. 18 Feb. 1758; d. 5 May, 1839. Olive, b. 7 
 Nov., 1759; m. 3 Feb. 1789, Daniel Hazen; d. 19 Apr., 1845. (See Hazen Family.) 
 Mabel, b. 30 Dec, 1761; m. 14 Dec, 1783, Joseph Clark, 4 oh. Bether,h. 9 
 July, 1764; d. 18 Sept. 1832 (never lived in Hai-tford). Diadama, b. 13 Mar., 
 1767; d. unm. 26 Nov., 1849; £e. 73. Sarah, b. 21 June, 1769; m. 1 Aug., 1790, 
 James Woodruff; d. in Litchfield, Ct., 2 March, 1855, ». 85, ch 2. Polly, b. 4 
 June, 1773; m. 11 Oct., 1795, Harvey Gibbs; d. 3 Feb. 1843. Daniel, b. 22 
 May, 1775; d. 4 Deo. 1776. Charlotte, b. 29AprU, 1777; m. Elder Spencer; d. 
 4 Oct., 1863, £6. 86. Daniel, b. 18 May, 1779.; d. 29 Sept., 1823. human, b. 27, 
 July, 1783; d. 1 June, 1832. 
 
 3. Luther, son of Noah (2), b. in Washington, Conn., 18 Feb., 1758; m. Azubah 
 Farnum of Litchfield, Conn. He moved to Hartford in 1794. He and his sons 
 were noted for their great physical strength. Having received a good education, 
 his services as a teacher of the district schools were always in demand, and he 
 taught no less than twenty-eight terms. During his married life his home was 
 the constant resort of itinerant Methodist clergymen , and he was libei'al in sup- 
 port of the church. He was patriotic in principle and action and made a good 
 record in the Revolutionary war, and in that of 1812. He worked on his farm 
 until the day of his death, which was preceded by only a few hours of sickness. 
 He died 5 May, 1839, as. 81. His wife died 18 Sept., 1827, se. 60. Children:— 
 Lucy, b. 9 Feb. 1786; m. John Reynolds, of Strafford, Vt.; d. 25 Sept., 1837; 
 One daughter d. young; the other went west as a teacher. Sheldon, b. 28 
 Sept., 1787; d. 28 Aug., 1868, se. 80. Luther, Jr., b. 25 Aug, 1789; d. 38 May, 
 1880, te. 90. Olive, b. 35 Dec, 1789; m. Rev. Eleaaer Wells, 2 May, 1809;' d. 
 childless in Portland, Me., 11 Sept., 1825. He was for 46 years a Methodist min- 
 ister; d. 25 April, 1852. Amos Farnham, b. 1 Jan., 1796; d. 12 Oct., 1871, se. 75. 
 Bether, b. 24 Dec, 1793; d. 7 Jan., 1812. Noah, b. 26 Sept., 1800; d. 17 March, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 409 
 
 1871, 86. 70. Azubah, b. 39 Feb., 1804; m. 9 Jan., 1825, Rev. Elijah Spear, and 
 d. in Pomfret, Vt., 37 Dec, 1863. Elder Spear was, at the time of his death, 
 serving his fiftieth year as a minister of the Methodist church, and forty-first 
 year as an elder. 
 
 4. Olive, dau. of Noah (3), wasb. 7 Nov., 1759; m. 3 Feb., 1789, DanielHazen; 
 d. 19 April, 1845, in Hartford, Vt., as. 85. She was well versed in physic and the 
 <3are of the sick, and was often called upon to attend persons living at a distance. 
 She was a wonderfully brave woman, as an incident wUl show. She received 
 an urgent call one dark night following a storm. The invalid was five miles 
 away across White river, which was swollen, deep and swift; there was no 
 means of crossing except to ford it. Nothing daunted, she ordered her favorite 
 horse, and being tied to his back, the horse swam the river and carried her safely 
 to her sick friend. Their children: ason,h. 5 Feb. 1790. Jasper, b. 2 Dec, 
 1790; d. in his ninetieth year. Laura, b. 15 April, 1793; m. Philo Sprague; 
 d. 36 March, 1877. Daniel, b. 5 June, 1795; d. 34 Oct., 1874, -ai. 80. Noah 
 B.,h. 5 Aug., 1797. 
 
 5. Polly, dau. of Noah (3), b. 4 June, 1773; m. 11 Oct., 1793, Harvey 
 Gibbs; d. 3 Feb. 1843. He was b. 14 June, 1765; d. 11 Feb. 1845. Child- 
 ren: Lucy, b. 36 Aug. 1793; d. unm. 30 Feb., 1848. Julia, b. 6 Apr., 
 1795; m. Alvan Hazen, 31 Oct., 1818. He was b. 28 Aug., 1792; d. 13 Aug., 
 1873, 86. 81. She d. Jan. 25, 1887. Mabel, b. 9 Jan. 1799; d. unm. 37 March, 
 1878, 86. 78. Harvey, b. 30 Jan., 1801; m. 15 June, 1837, Almira Baboock; 
 She d. 5 Aug. 1851; he m. 3nd, Mrs. Lucy Washburn; he d. 25 Nov. 1884, in St. 
 Johnsbury, Vt. Philemon, b. 37 June, 1803; d. unm. 1 Jan., 1844. Warren, 
 b. July 30, 1805; m. 1st. Catherine M. Taft, 29 Nov., 1849; she d. 26 April, 
 1864, ». 45; he m. 2nd, Louisa Staples ; he d. 18 Feb., 1883. Daniel, h. 12 Nov., 
 1807; Congregational minister; d. in Hai-tford, Conn., 37 Apr., 1881, ae. 73. 
 Polly, b. 13 Feb., 1810; m. 11 Sept., 1838, Wm. Newton; he d. 5 Sept. 1863; 
 she m. 3ad, 3 Dec., 1869, Loren. B. Dudley; she d. 3 Apr., 1885, se. 75. Lucius 
 H., b. 15 Mch., 1817 (twin); m. 1st, Belinda Boylston; 2nd, Mrs. Mary Frye; 
 res. Brooklyn, N. Y. Julius B., b. 15 Mch., 1817 (twin); m. twice; resided 
 in Princeton, Minn. 
 
 6. Daniel, son of Noah (2), b. 18 May, 1779; m. Judith ; d. 29 Sept., 
 
 1833. Mrs. Judith subsequently joined the ^hakers, taking her five children 
 with her. 
 
 7. LxjMAN, son of Noah (3), b. 37 July, 1783; m. in 1804, Ruth Ann, dau. of 
 Jeremiah Ingraham, of Washington, Ct., andd. 1 June. 1833; she m. 3nd, Roger 
 Caldwell, and d. Mar. 1869, se. 85. Mr. Bartholomew was a successful farmer, 
 living in Hartford, Vt., untU Oct., 1819, when he removed to Wayne, Ashtabula 
 Co., Ohio, where he died. They had nine children, five sons and four daughters. 
 
 8. Sheldon, son of Luther (3), b. 23 Sept. 1787; m. Anna Chapman, 28 Aug., 
 1811; d. 28 Aug., 1868, se. 80; she was b. 28 Aug., 1793; d. 4 Sept. 1867, se. 74; 
 Capt. Bartholomew was drafted in the war of 1813, but after a month's service 
 he hired a substitute and returned home to see his new-born son for the first 
 time. He was a farmer in Hartford; held various town offices, and was for 
 several years captain of a military company. Children: — John W., b. 33 June, 
 1813; when twenty-one, moved to N. Y. and m; in 1841, removed to Niles, Mich., 
 
410 HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 
 
 where he buried his wife and two only children; he was drowned in the Missis- 
 sippi river, 5 July, 1845. Simon H., b. 32 Feb., 1814; d. 35 Aug., 1843. 
 Ezra W., b. 18 Aug., 1816; m. 3 Dec, 1843; d. 9 Dec, 1864. Arvin S., b. 16 
 Nov., 1823; resides in Plainfleld, N. H. Jefferson F., b. 37 Sept., 1838; resides 
 in Tombstone, Arizona. Laura A., b. 10 Aug., 1833; m. 27 Dec. 1853, Har- 
 rison M. Cutting, b. in Hanover, N. H., 15 Feb., 1839; d. in Boston, 9 Mar. 1887. 
 She d. in Hartford, 5 Oct., 1887. ChUdren :—OZara A., b. 29 June, 1854; m. 
 Daniel C. Badger. Fannie M., b. 16 Dec, 1859; res. in Boston, unm. Josiah S., 
 b. 18 Sept., 1861; m. Aug., 1884, Theresa Glosson. Elvira, b. 5 Oct., 1863; m. 
 30 Apr. 1883, Morris L. Darling. 
 
 9. Luther Jr., son of Luther (3), b. in Litchfield, Ct., 25 Aug., 1789; m. 22 
 July, 1815, Fannie Fox, of Hartford, Yt., and d. 38 May, 1880. She was b. 17 
 July, 1799; d. 31 Aug., 1881. He. was a farmer in Bai-nard, Vt. Children:— 
 Mary A., b. 17 Oct., 1816; m. Aug., 1839, Arthur Hathaway, and d. in Char- 
 lestown, Mass., 34 Sept., 1860; he has been chief of the private watch in Boston 
 for over 30 years, ch. 6. Amanda L., b. 33 Jan., 1819; m. 3 June, 1838, 
 Joseph E. Davis, b. 37 Nov., 1805; a farmer in E. Barnard, Vt., ch. 7. Lucy 
 M., b. 8 May, 1831; m. June, 1840, Lucian Howitt; d. Apr., 1880, ch. 6. 
 Caroline A., b. 12 May, 1823; m. 9 Mch. 1848, Rev. Jeremiah W. Bemis, pastor 
 of the M. E. church, ch. 4. Eleazer, b. 9 Dec, 1825; crippled for life in U. S. 
 military service; resides on the old homestead in E. Barnard, Vt. George W., 
 resides in Eureka, Nev., where his wife d. in 1881. Miranda D., b. Nov., 
 1828; m. Marcus (her cousin.) (See Noah Bartholomew.) Persis A., m. 1st, 
 Alvin Russ; 2nd James H. Page, a merchant in Boston. 
 
 10. Amos Farnham, son of Luther (3), b. in Hartford 1 Jan., 1796; m. 16 Sept., 
 1833, Martha Button, b. 10 June, 1801, and d. Deo. 30, 1827; he m. 3nd, 34 May, 
 1829, Delaney Sargent, b. 26 Dec, 1804; d. 24 Jan. 1859; he d. 13 Oct., 1871; 
 Children:— iJ/ioda J"., b. 14 June, 1833; m. 7 Jan. 1847, Melvin Wing, who d. 
 11 Sept., 1854; she m. 3nd in Montpelier, Vt., Rev. W. J. Kidder, who joined the 
 M. E. Conference in 1831, and presiding Elder of the Montpelier district for four 
 years. ChOdren:— Henry M., b. 9 Feb., 1851; d. 24 Nov., 1853. Melvin D., b. 9 
 Feb., 1854; d. 39 May, 1854. Martha Delaney, b. 21 Feb., 1838; m. 3. Oct., 
 1854, Rev. G. H. Tracy, who was lost at sea, 16 May, 1856; ch. 3, one only of 
 whom sui-vives, viz.: Martha R., m. Charles Owles of Boston. Harvey Chase, 
 b. 19 Feb., 1836; m. 28 June, 1856, Rosetta S. Hanrington; d. 6 July, 1880, in 
 Keene, N. H. ; ch. : (a) William; (bj Charles. 
 
 11. Noah, son of Luther (3), b. in Hartford, 36 Sept., 1800; m. 1826, Mary 
 [dau. of Thomas and Rebecca (Swift) Freeman, of Barnard, Vt.]; b. 3 June, 1803; 
 d. 19 Mch., 1871; she hves with her son Marcus. Mr. Bartholomew was en en- 
 tei-prising farmer, a devoted member and liberal siipporter of the M. E. church 
 in Hartford, and a good citizen. Children: — Marcus F., b. 35 Aug., 1830; m. 
 Feb. 26, 1856, his cousin, Mu-anda D. Bartholomew; he lives on the old home- 
 stead in Hartford, and is a worthy member of the Congregational church in 
 Hartford village. Children: Walter M., b. 36 May, 1858; hves in St. Louis, Mo.; 
 Ernest J., b. 15 Sept., 1854; lives in St. Paul, Minn. Albert Vinton, b. 35 June, 
 1861; Benjamin Hoit, b. 38 July, 1867. The last two live in Hartford, on the 
 homestead with their father. Geo. K'., b. 4 July, 1835. (See D. C. Alumni.) 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 411 
 
 THE BUGBEE FAMILY. 
 
 The written history concerning the Bugbee family, like that of too many fam- 
 ilies, is meagre, and, to the genealogist, very unsatisfactory. In the cemetery 
 on the south side of White river, at White River Junction, adjacent to the Cath- 
 olic cemetery, there are five headstones bearing respectively the following inscrip- 
 tions, viz: 
 
 1. Nathaniel Bugbee, d. July 33, 1808, se. 96; Mrs. Saeah Bugbbe, wife of 
 Nathaniel Bugbee, d. March 18, 1815, se. 93. Benjamin Bugbee, d. Apr. 8, 1830 
 se. 60. Mrs. Pattee Bugbee, wife of Olvard Bugbee, d. 1830, se. 48. Olvard 
 Bugbee, d. Aug. 28, 1864, se. 89. Benjamin was son of Nathaniel and Sarah 
 Bugbee, and brother of Jonathan 1st, who came from Summers, Tolland 
 county. Conn., to Hartfor'd about the year 1800. Olvard was a grandson of 
 Nathaniel. 
 
 3. Jonathan, son of Nathaniel (1) and Sarah Bugbee, b. in Ashford, Conn., 
 May 19, 1765; m. about 1784, Esther Colton, b. Sept. 9, 1765; d. Mar. 4, 1793. He 
 m. 3d, Betsy Colton, sister of his first wife, b. Jan. 8, 1768; d. Nov. 17, 1835. He 
 m. 3d, Mar. 10, 1836, Mrs. Mabel (Colton) Guild, a sister of his two former wives. 
 He d. Apr. 33, 1849; she d. Apr. 15, 1860. The chUdren by the first wife were: 
 Amos, b. Nov. 5, 1785; Esther, b. Jan. 28, 1788; m. Aug. 11, 1815, Lyman 
 Haze. Betsey, b. Apr. 18, 1790. Children of second wife: Jonathan 2d, b. 
 Jan. 26, 1795; Horace, b. Feb. 1, 1797; Martin, b. Aug. 14, 1802; Orrhi, b. Aug. 
 
 29, 1807; Theodore, b. June 3, 1810. 
 
 3. Betsy, dau. of Jonathan (3) b. April 18, 1790, m. June 16, 1812, AbijahTaft, 
 b. in Mendon, Mass., Dec. 7, 1786, (Son of Artemus Taft.) He d. Aug. 23, 1754; 
 Betsy his wife d. AprU 6, 1871. Their children were: Asaph, b. Nov. 3; 
 1813; lives in W. R. Junction, unm.; Josiah, b. July 16, 1815, d. Jan. 3, 1816, 
 Sorace, b. Jan. 30, 1817, d. May 31, 1858, unm; Victor, F. b. Jan. 3, 1819, 
 d. Dec. 14, 1876, unm.; Catherine, M., b. April 10, 1831, m. Nov. 39, 1849, 
 Warren Gibbs, d. AprU 26, 1864; Elizabeth A., b. Feb. 15, 1833, d. June 3, 
 1874, unm.; Artemus O., b. May 26, 1826, m. April 3. 1878, Ellen Nason; 
 Theodore G., b. Sept. 15, 1830, d. April 25, 1863, unm.; Clementine M., b. 
 Mar. 33, 1833, m. July 6, 1850, Geo. L. TarbeU; Sarah J., b. Aug. 3, 1833; 
 lives unm. with her brother, Asaph. ■ 
 
 4. Jonathan 2d, son of Jonathan (3) b. Jan. 26, 1795, m. May 31, 1821, Cynthia 
 Pease, b. May 27, 1799, (dau. of Levi and Lucy Pease.) He d. Oct. 4, 1851. His 
 wife d. Feb. 4, 1868. They had Cynthia, b. Feb. 11, 1822, m. Mar. 18, 1850, 
 Geo. W. Tilden, b. June 20, 1819, [Son of Josiah and Susannah (Clark) Tilden.] 
 George, P., b. Oct. 18, 1823; Amos, b. Oct. 1, 1835, m. April 37, 1859, Susan 
 L. Disbrow; he d. March 18, 1863; she d. Dec. 34, 1864; Jonathan 3d, b. Nov. 
 
 30, 1837; Emeline, b. Sept. 39, 1839; Clara, b. Aug. 19, 1834, m. June 30, 
 1879, James Steele; he d. Aug., 1880. No further information can be gained 
 concerning the children of Jonathan 3d. 
 
 5. George P., son of Jonathan (4) b. Oct. 18, 1833, m. 1st, Ellen H. Sturtevant, 
 "b. June 13, 1825, (dau. of Foster and Mary (Willard) Sturtevant, of Hartford.) 
 She d. Oct. 11, 1873. He m. 3d, June 1, 1874, Mary A. Piatt, b. Dec. 39, 1838, 
 (dau. of James H. and Sophia (Russell) Piatt.) His children by first wife were: 
 
413 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Ellen, b. Aug. 3, 1848, d, Feb. 4, 1865; Mary S., b. Sept. 24, 1849, d. May 18, 
 1869; Albert (?., b. March 17, 1851, m. June 1, 1875, Sarah M. Clark, b. Dec. 
 35, 1853, (dau. Zerah B. and Jenette (Pinney) Clark.) She d. Dec. 3, 1877. He 
 m. 3d, March 10, 1881, Sarah A. Eddy, (dau. of Charles A. and Sarah C. (Bacon) 
 Eddy, of Erving, Mass.) Had one child, Mary S., b. Feb. 9, 1884. Willis T., 
 b. Jan. 36, 1853, d. March 13, 1853; Frank J., b. Sept. 29, 1855, d. March 24, 
 1856; Edward, b. Oct. 30, 1859, d. Feb. 33, 1865; Amos, b. Aug. 7, 1864, d. 
 Oct. 11, 1865; Ernest F., b. Jan. 4, 1867. No children by last marriage. 
 
 6. Jonathan, 8d, son of Jonathan (4,) b. Nov. 20, 1837, m. 1st, Jan. 1, 1855, 
 Helen M. Morse, b. Oct. 10, 1836, (dau. of Jolin and Harriet (Scott) Morse.) She 
 d. Feb. 24, 1860. He m. 8d, June 34, 1863, Ellen A. Lewis, b. Nov. 30, 1837, 
 (dau. of George G. and Addie (Larabee) Lewis.) By his first wife he had Amos, 
 b. Oct. 12, 1855, d. July 18, 1863; Willis D., b. Dec. 21, 1857, d. July 4, 1863; 
 Eugene M., b. Dec. 14, 1859, m. June 33, 1886, Hattie M. Clark, b. Feb. 80, 1865, 
 (dau. of Kelso B. and Lucy M. (Nichols) Clark); they have one child, Helen E., b. 
 Aug. 31, 1887. Children by second wife: Frank L., b. Feb. 17, 1865; Edmund 
 J., b. Dec. 3, 1866; Charles L., b. Dec. 27, 1867, m. Dec. 35, 1888, Lizzie H. 
 Simonds; Adeline C, b. Jan. 31, 1869, d. Aug. 33, 1869; Marion L., b. Sept. 
 3, 1871; Arthur G., b. April 17, 1873; Louis 8., b. Aug. 36, 1875; Isabel K. 
 b. July 19, 1877; Helen J., b. March 3, 1880. 
 
 7. Emblinb, dau. of Jonathan (4) b Sept. 29, 1829, m. Sept. 14, 1850, Chai'les B. 
 Stone, b. Feb. 22, 1822, (son of Enos and Rachel (Blake) Stone). They had Frances 
 E., b. April 28, 1851, m. Dec. 28, 1873, Charles H. Dimmick of Randolph, Vt. 
 They had one child, Grace, b. Dec. 26, 1874. Mr. Dimmick d. Aug. 3, 1874. His 
 widow m. 2d, Oct. 18, 1876, Albert T. Pike. They have had one child, Mildi-ed, 
 F., b. Sept. 11,1882; Charles B. Jr., h. Nov. 17, 1852, m. March 1884, EUa 
 Gile. They have three children; Ella E., b. Nov. 11, 1854, m. Apr. 29, 1874, 
 Charles H. West, (son of Caleb and Laura E. (Pratt) West), b. 1852; a farmer in 
 Hartford ; he d. Sept. 23, 1886, leaving one child; George C, b. Feb. 3, 1878. 
 His widow resides in Olcott Village (in Hartford, Vt.) 
 
 THE DELANO FAMILY. 
 
 According to tradition, the emigrant ancestors of the Delano family in this 
 country were Huguenots, who were expelled from France prior to the Massacre 
 of St. Bartholomew, and took refuge in England about 1570; further, that Jona- 
 than Delano, the grandson of one of the refugees, and the emigrant ancestor of 
 this family, when 16 years of age, sat on the walls of London and witnessed the 
 entry of CromweU and his army into that city a few weeks after the mem.orable 
 battle of Naseby, June 14, 1646. Afterwards coming to America, Jonathan set- 
 tled in Windham County, Ct. Of his descendants in the fourth genei'ation, was 
 Jonathan Delano, who emigrated from Connecticut to Hai'tford, Vt., about 
 1793. 
 
 After his an-ival in Hartford, Jonathan bought, June 13, 1793, the home farm 
 of Rowland Powell, Jr. , which comprised the farms now owned and occupied by 
 Frederick A Huse, and his next door neighbor, George H. Savage, who reside on 
 the White River turnpike, about three miles west of Hartford village. Jonathan 
 Delano was born in 1733. He married Anna Ladd, born in 1734, by whom he 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 413 
 
 had five sons and four daughters, all born in Tolland, Ct. Three of his sons, Ja- 
 bez, Jonathan and Philip, were soldiers in the Revolutionary army. Jabez died 
 in the army. Philip was a captain in the war of 1813. Zebulon and Hibbard, 
 the other sons, came to Hartford with their father in 1793. His daughters, 
 Anna, Esther, Chloe and Margaret, married respectively men named Moxley, 
 "Wright, Ingals and Webster. Jonathan, parent, died Sept. 28, 1811; Anna, his 
 wife, died Feb. 11, 1816. 
 
 Shortly before his death, Jonathan Delano conveyed his home farm to his son, 
 Zebulon. Frora the family Bible of Zebulon Delano, I ti-anscribe the following 
 crudely kept record of his family. The date of his marriage is not given: 
 Zebulon Delano, b. Feb. 19, 1767. Lusina Powell, b. July 7, 1773. 
 
 Uhildren. 
 Clarissa, b. July 9, 1791. Zebulon W., b. May 6, 1797. 
 
 James H., b. July 18, 1793. Peospee P., b. June 10, 1799. 
 
 Zebulon Jr., b. Dec. 9, 1795. Joshua R., b. Sept. 12, 1807. 
 
 ROXALENA Powell, daughter of Stephen and Lusania Powell, b. Aug. 3, 1799, 
 in Sheldon, Vt., wife of James H. Delano. Lusina, daughter of James H. and 
 Roxalena Delano, b. Tuesday, Dec. 23, 1818. 
 
 Maria Doolittle, b. Feb. 6, 1805, Johnson Delano's wife, married by Rev. Mr. 
 Bascomb of Sharon Vt. 
 
 Z. WoosTER Delano and Mercy Savage, m. Oct. 3, 1820. He d. 1860, June 36. 
 Prosper P. Delano and Ann Weld, m. by Rev. Austin Hazen, March 1, 1834. 
 George Delano, son of Prosper P. and Ann Delano, b. Feb, 7, 1825. Lmiim, 
 daughter of Z. W. and Mercy Delano, b. Sept. 33, 1821, m. Harrison Alexander. 
 Abigail, b. Dec. 4, 1823. Emily C, b. June 4, 1826; d. May 5, 1847. Sarepta C, 
 b. Sept. 2, 1838; d. Sept. 23, 1843. 
 
 DEATHS. 
 
 • Zebulon Delano, Jr., d. Feb. 39, 1796, 11 weeks old ; Lusina, wife of Zebu- 
 lon, d. May 3, 1818, aged 45 years 10 mos; Widow Abigail Allen, d. July 10, 
 1831, in 59th year of her age; Widow Polly Marsh, d. April 36, 1851; Clarissa 
 Delano) Tracy, wife of John, d. Aug. 9, 1837. 
 
 MARRIAGES. 
 
 At Stowe, vt., Oct. 10, 1831, Zebulon Delano to Widow Dodge. 
 
 The foregoing record was evidently written by Zebulon Delano. The dates of 
 his first, second and third marriages are not recorded in the family Bible. His 
 first wife was probably the daughter of Rowland PoweU, Jr. He married 3nd, 
 Nov. 26, 1818, Widow PoUy Marsh, relict of Abraham Marsh, with whom he 
 lived but a short time— (the cause of their separation is not divulged). He mar- 
 ried 3rd, Widow Abigail Allen. After her death he married Widow Mary Dodge. 
 He was for many years the overseer of the poor, and also a justice of the peace. 
 On the 13th of Feb., 1847, he sold his home farm to his son, Z. W. Delano, who 
 lived upon it until his death, June 36, 1860. Zebulon, parent, d. Feb. 24, 1850. 
 
 Zebulon W. Delano, m. Mercy, daughter of Francis W. and Abigail (Hazen) 
 Savage; she d. Jan., 1889— (See Savage family). Abigail, daughter -of Z. W. De- 
 lano, b. Dec. 4, 1833; m. 1st, Samuel G. Steele, of Sharon, Vt., Feb. 5, 1845; she 
 m. 2nd, April 1, 1874, Dea. G. S. Nott, of Sharon, Vt. 
 
414 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Clarissa, daughter of Zebulon andZiUsina Delano, m. John Tracy. (See Tracy 
 family). Mrs. Mercy Delano, the mother, d. Jan. 25, 1889. 
 
 HiBBAED Delano, son of Jonathan and Anna (Ladd) Delano, b. in 1776, m. 
 in Hartford, Vt., Jan., 1797, Anna Wright; d. Feb. 28, 1863. Their children 
 were: Sylvester, b. in Hartford, October 34, 1797; Hibhard, b. 1805, lives in Ke- 
 okuk, Iowa; George, Dorothy, Joel and Sophia. 
 
 Sylvester Delano, b. 1797; m. Dec. 6, 1827, in Richford, Vt., Parthena Blais- 
 deU, by whom he had ten children, viz : George and Joel A. , b. in Richford; Melvin 
 and Mary, b. in Erie Co., N. Y.; Stephen, Hannah, Charles, Dennis, David and 
 Josiah, b. in Mt. Auburn, Shelby Co. , Ind. ; all dead but Joel A. and Dennis, who 
 live in Grove, Newaygo Co., Mich. I ana indebted to Joel A. for valuable facts 
 -concerning the Delano family. 
 
 THE DUTTON FAMILY. 
 
 The Duttons in America are of Saxon nativity. The ancient family of Duttons 
 assumed then- sirname from the place of their residence— -Dimfuue— now con- 
 tracted to Dutton, a townsliip lying about five miles east of Frodsham, on the 
 river Wever, in Cheshu-e. The Duttons in Vermont are descendants of the Dut- 
 tons who emigrated to New England about 1630, many of whose descendants 
 settled in Connecticut. The Duttons in Hartford are lineal descendants of Thos. 
 Dutton of WalUngford, Ct. 
 
 1. Thomas Dutton, of Wallingford, Ct.,-was b. March 1, 1707; was m. May 6, 
 1799, to Abigail Merriam, b. 1708, died April 6, 1799, in Wallingford; he d. in 
 Royalton, Vt., in 1803. Their children were: John, b. Feb. 6, 1730, d. 1842; 
 Abigail, b. July 8, 1733; Thomas, b. Jan. 31, 1735, m. Mar. 1756, Anna Rice, 
 d. Jan. 29, 1806; Samuel, b. Feb. 3, 1737; Lois, b. Nov. 8, 1738, m. Dec. 17, 
 1759, a Mosely, and settled in Poultney, Vt. ; Matthew, b. Nov. 11, 1740, d. 
 young; John, b. April 14, 1743; Amasa, b. July 31, 1745; Nathaniel, b. June 
 5, 1747; Phebe, b. Oct. 11, 1749, d. 1825; Asahel, b. Feb. 3, 1753; Asenath. 
 
 3. Samuel, son of Thomas (1), b. in Washington, Ct. ; m. Dec. 6, 1754, Joanna 
 Root, b. Jan. 1, 1737, d. in Woodstock, Vt., 1773; he m. 3d, Oct. 7, 1773, Rachel 
 Benedict, b. April 14, 1751, d. in Hartford, July 31, 1838; he d. in Hai-tford, Feb. 
 22, 1813. Mr. Dutton moved from Woodbury, Ct., to Woodstock, Vt., in 1778, 
 and there bought the home farm of Abraliam Powers, which he occupied until 
 1796, when he removed to Royalton, Vt. , where his brother Amasa had aheady 
 -settled. Mr. Dutton was a cai-penter and house-joiner by trade. Wlule in Wood- 
 stock he carried on farming, and was quite prominent in town affairs. March 
 38, 1783, he was chosen to be a deacon of the First Congregational church, then 
 called "Mr. Hutchinson's Church." On the 6th of AprU, 1803, Mr. Dutton bought 
 a 100-acre lot of land in Hartford, of Ehas Lawrence, and moved into this town 
 prior to ApiH, 1803. A portion of the land he then bought is now occupied by 
 David D. Hazen. Mr. Dutton died in Hartford, July 31, 1838. His chUdi-en by 
 his first wife (all born in Connecticut) were ': Olive, b. Aug. 17, 1761, m. about 
 
 ' Columbus Delano, of Mt. Vernon, O., who was Secretary of the Interior in 
 Grant's Cabinet, was born in Cambridge, Vt. Milton Delano, M. C. i6th Dist. of 
 N. Y., was also born in Cambridge, Vt. Both are, doubtless, lineal descendants 
 ■of Jonathan Delano, the emigrant ancestor. 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 415 
 
 1780, Seth Fuller of Hartford, d. Aug. 17, 1838; Abigail, b. Aug. 30, 1763, m. 
 June 7, 1779, Thomas Hazen 4, (See Hazen family); Lois, b. Aug. 18, 1765, d. 
 Jan. 7, 1772; David, b. Aug. 17, 1767, d. Feb. 26, 1813; Joanna, b. 1769, (fur- 
 ther history not recorded); Samuel, b. June 1, 1771. The children by liis sec- 
 ond wife were: Daniel Benedict, b. Aug. 22, 1773; Thaddeus, b. Nov. 3, 1775, 
 d. Feb. 18, 1818; Hannah his wife, d. Feb. 24, 1813, aged 37; Matthew, b. April 
 5, 1778; Esther, b. July 24, 1770, m. Oct. 9, 1814, Joseph Savage, b. Oct. 15, 
 1780, (son of Lt. Seth and Rhoda (Bacon) Savage), d. March 14, 1857; JRaohel, 
 ■ b. Oct. 17, 1783, d. Sept. 30, 1783; Rachel, b. June 30, 1784, d. June 3, 1795; 
 Reuben, b. July 34, 1786, d. Sept. 38, 1815; Asa, b. Dec. 33, 1789, d. Oct. 39, 1790; 
 Chloe, b. Sept. 29, 1793, d. same day. 
 
 3. Samuel, son of Samuel (2), b. 1771, m. 1st Olive Thomas, b. Oct. 6, 1781 ; she 
 d. Dec. 1, 1809, leaving no children; he m. 2d, Mary M. Ricker, b. Aug. 6, 1788. 
 Mr. Dutton was a shoemaker by trade, but after settling in West Hartford about 
 1833, he engaged in the tanning business for a short time. In 1834 he relinquished 
 this business, sold out to his son Noah, and resumed shoemaking. About 1834, 
 he became infatuated with the Thompsonian system of medicine, and essayed 
 the practice of it for some time, but this lobelia sweating process, pursued by our 
 shoemaker, made such Uvely work for the undertaker and the sexton, that the 
 self-constituted doctor found it expedient to abandon that avocation. ' ' Let the 
 shoemaker stick to his last!" Mr. Dutton moved to Waterbury, Vt., thence to 
 the west in 1849, but returned to Vermont to the home of his son Thomas in Hyde 
 Park Vt. , where he died. He had eighteen chOdren — of these, three only lived 
 in Hartford, viz: Harper, who m. Sept. 39, 1839, his cousin Daphne, b. Nov. 1, 
 1807, (daughter of SUas and Hepzibah (Black) Dutton), she d. childless, March 1, 
 1832; Noah, b. July 10, 1812, m. Feb. 13, 1837, Nancy, dau. of David Wilson, she 
 d. in West Hartford^May 31, 1844; later he went west; Lucy Ann, b. Aug. 13, 
 1818, m. Oct. 8, 1839, Enos, son of Truman and Eunice (Smith) Newton, b. May 
 14, 1817, he d. May 11, 1888, in Terra Haute, Indiana, where his wife now re- 
 sides. 
 
 4. Daniel Benedict, son of Samuel (2), b. 1773, m. Dec. 5, 1796, Lorana 
 Smith, b. Feb. 15, 1779, (dau. of Sylvanus and Dina (Fisk) Smith); he d. Sept. 1, 
 1849, in Norwich, Vt. ; she d. iu Noi-wich, Sept. 15, 1857. Their chUdi-en were : 
 Matthew, b. July 16, 1798, d. Nov. 17, 1820; Marvin, b. Nov. 30, 1799, m. 1st, 
 April 5, 1836, Ruhana BaiTows, 2nd, June 10, 1830, Eunice. Hazen, b. Jan. 10, 
 1799, (dau. of Philemon and Eunice (Marsh) Hazen of Hartford), he d. April 11, 
 1873; Rachel, b. Oct. 7, 1801, m. Dec. 5, 1822, Moses Thompson, died July 31, 
 1861; Louisa, b. May 13, 1803, d. Sept. 6, 1830; Aaron, b. Aug. 4, 1804, m. 
 Phebe Tracy; Samuel, b. Sept. 6, 1806, m. Nancy Smith; Olive, b. April 8, 1808, 
 m. Dec. 31, 1838, a King, d. Jan., 1877; Norman, b. Feb. 14, 1810, m. wido«r of 
 his brother Samuel; JEsther, b. Jan. 15, 1813, m. Jan. 31, 1837, Morgan L. Cros- 
 by, d. March 37, 1878; Thaddeus, b. Nov. 33, 1814, m. March 31, 1840, Emily 
 Sprague, b. Dec. 13, 1813, (dau. of Philo and Laura (Hazen) Sprague), he d. Dec. 
 19, 1874, she d. Aug. 3, 1878, children three; Daniel B. Jr., b. Aug. 30, 1816, m. 
 CorneUa Howland; John, known as Dea. John, b. Aug. 23, 1818, m. Harriet 
 Lord; Louisa A., b. Feb. 8, 1830, d. Oct. 31, 1851. 
 
416 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 5. John, son of Thomas (1), known as Dea. John Button, m. April 22, 1765, 
 Martha Savage, b. June 18, 1746, (dau. of Thomas and Martha (Whitmore) Sav- 
 age) a farmer in Hartford, Vt. Mai'tha d. Oct. 18, 1786, and he m. 3d, 1788, Susan- 
 nah Goodwin, she d. without issue, July 6, 1831, aged 69; he d. Oct. 38, 1767. 
 Children by Martha were: Mary,b. Aprill, 1766, d. Oct. 28, 1767; Asahel, b. 
 March 8, 1768; JohnF.,h. Feb. 2, 1770, d. July 2, 1774. Gideon, h. Aug. 3, 
 1773, d. July, 1836; David, b. Oct. 11, 1774; John, h. Nov. 29, 1776; Mary, b. Sept. 
 36, 1778, m. May 3, 1800, Dr. James Tracy, 3d, b. Aug. 11, 1777, (son of James 
 and Phebe (Richards) Ti-acy), he d. Jan. 4, 1833; she d. Aug. 33, 1853; Silas, b. 
 Feb. 18, 1781; Martha, b. Sept. 36, 1784, d. Oct. 4, 1784. 
 
 6. Asahel, son of John (5), b. 1768, m. Feb. 13, 1793, Naomi Tracy, b. Aug. 7, 
 1765, (dau. of James and Phebe (Richards) Tracy), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. 
 He d. Jan. 3, 1833; she d. Dec. 33, 1843. Their children were: Asahel, b. 
 March 22, 1793, d. next day; Rizpah, b. May 12, 1794, m. Jan. 6, 1833, Samuel 
 Whitney, Ch. 1; Thomas Tracy, b. Dec. 19, 1795; Luna, b. May 33, 1798, d. 
 unm. Oct. 6, 1863; Elias C, b. May 16, 1801. 
 
 7. Thomas Tracy, son of Asahel (6), b. 1795, m. March 34, 1817, Sarepta 
 Latham, (dau. of Isaac and Jemima (Poor) Latham.) He d. Feb. 1, 1874, she d. 
 May 31, 1844. Their cliildren were: Louise, b. March 38, 1818, m. Dec. 11, 
 1849, Hezekiah Pike, b. April 8, 1805 (son of Nathan and Hannah (Ensworth) 
 Pike.) He d. Feb. 3, 1871; she lives with Albert Pike in Hartford; Reuben, b. 
 July 34, 1830, m. Oct. 5, 1846, Sarah Jane Campbell; had one child, Martha, who 
 m. Alfred Manchester, of Norwich, Vt.; Martha, b. Sept. 38, 1828, m. Jan., 
 1843, John Newton, (son of Shelden Newton,) d. July 4, 1844; Harriet, b. Aug. 
 15, 1836, d. Oct. 11, 1843, unm.; Almira, b. April 30, 1839, m. March 10, 1848, 
 William Morse, b. Oct. 3, 1830, (son of Ehjah and Susannah (Gibson) Morse.) 
 He d. in Union Village, Vt., Oct. 13, 1885; his widow li>ves in that village. 
 Elizabeth, b. Aug. 15, 1833, m. Oct. 25, 1853, Norman Newton, b. May 37, 1833, 
 (son of Wm. and Emeline (Ingraliam) Newton) a farmer in Hartford, Vt. ; Ben- 
 jamin C, b. April 20, 1835, d. April, 1879, unm. 
 
 8. Elias C, son of Asahel (6), b. 1801, m. Jan. 25, 1824, Sarali BUss, b. Feb. 23, 
 1796, (dau. of Dea. S. C. and Sarah (Griswold) Bliss, of Glover, Vt.) He d. Oct. 
 18, 1861, she d. June 36, 1864. Children: John B., b. Nov. 14, 1824; Uves in 
 Ballard, Cal. ; Asahel, b. April 16, 1836, d. May 14, 1826; David b. April 
 34, 1838, m. April 19, 1834, Emeline C. Gilbert, who d. Nov. 13, 1885; Thomas, 
 b. Nov. 11, 1831, m. Dec. 1, 1859, Mary Gary. She d. leaving two children; 
 Sarah Ann, b. Nov. 14, 1885, m. Nov. 6, 1863, Edward L. Dutton, (see Lorenzo 
 Dutton); Adeline T., b. Aug. 9, 1889, m. June 5, 1863, David D. Hazen. (See 
 Julius Hazen's family.) 
 
 9. David, son of John (5), b. 1774, m. Oct. 7, 1803, Experience Hai-tshorn, b. 
 1776. She died Oct. 4, 1830. He m. 3d, Dec. 4, 1831, Irena West, b. 1793. She 
 d. Dec. 19, 1867, he d. Nov. 23, 1843. Their children were: Maria M., b. Oct. 
 12, 1805, m. June 14, 1825, Juhus Hazen, (see Hazen Family); Sophronia, b. 
 1807, m. Jan. 36, 1831, Julius Hazen, (see Hazen Family); John, b. Dec. 15, 
 1803; Sophia, b. 1813, d. July 17, 1834; David, b. 1817, d. Aug. 16, 1835. 
 
 10. John, son of David (9), b. Dec. 15, 1803, m. Sept. 20, 1886, EmUy Hazen, b. 
 March 24, 1813, (dau. of Amos and Phila (Brownell) Hazen), a farmer of Hart- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD, 417 
 
 ford, Vt. He d. March 9, 1875. His widow lives in Hartford. Their children: 
 Willian E., b. July 20, 1837, m. Nov. 14, 1866, Altha E. Tracy, b. July 31, 1845, 
 (dau. of Columbus and Mary Ann (Dutton) Tracy), a fai-mer in Hartford. They 
 had 8 children. Sophia, b. July 22, 1840, d. Sept. 23, 1841; Susan Alice, b. 
 Sept. 10, 1845,. m. July 19, 1867, Noah B. Hazen, (son of Daniel and Hannah 
 (Bliss) Hazen), a farmer in Hartford on the homestead; town Supt. of schools 
 1870-8.1; '86-7; represented the town in the legislature 1878-9; on duty in the 
 Provost Mai'shall's Dept. in Virginia 1864. They have 5 children, F. Harper, 
 b. Feb. 11, 1854, m. July 28, 1876, Susan Iva Rodgers, b. July 22, 1855, (dau. of 
 Jeremiah and Mary (Compton) Rodgers), children 2. 
 
 11. John, son of Jolm (5), b. Nov. 29, 1796, (see Dart. Col. Alumni, 1801. ) 
 
 13. Silas, son of John (5), b. 1781, m. Oct. 31, 1805, Hepzibah Black, b. ApriU, 
 1787; a farmer in Hartford. He d. March 4, 1819, she d. March 15, 1831. Their 
 children were: Daphne, b. Nov. 1, 1807, m. Sept. 89, 1839, Harper Dutton, b. 
 1803, (son of Samuel and Olive (Thomas) Dutton.) She d. March 1, 1833; Asahel, 
 b. May 19, 1809, d. July 11, 1813; Jacob O., b. March 30, 1811; Altha, b. Oct. 7, 
 1813, d. Sept. 14, 1833; Mary Ann, b. Sept. 30, 1817. 
 
 13. Jacob G., son of Silas (12), b. 1811, m. AprU 5, 1838, Abigail Hazen, b. Feb. 
 37, 1815, (dau. of Dan and Abigail (Batchelder) Hazen), a farmer in West Hart- 
 ford; a fine tenor singer and viola player; eschewed politics, but deUghted in 
 music. He d. May 6, 1866, in West Hartford. His wife d. in Newbury, Vt., at 
 the home of her daughter EUen, Feb. 6, 1881. They had three children: Julia 
 Ellen, b. Nov. 8, 1839, m. Jan. 26, 1865, Henry W. Bailey, 3d, of Newbury, Vt. 
 Mrs. Bailey inherited her father's musical tastes and abilities. Jacob Carlton, 
 b. Feb. 2. 1850, resides in New York City; Sarah A., b. Feb. 3, 1853, resides in 
 Boston, unm. 
 
 14. Maby Ann, dau. of SUas (13), b. 1817, m. 1st, March 28, 1841, Columbus 
 Tracy, b. Feb. 8, 1816; 2d, Deacon Julius Hazen. (See the Hazen and Tracy 
 Family histories.) 
 
 15. Amasa, son of Thomas (1), m. Oct. 1, 1766, Sarah Parmalee, b. Nov. 35, 1748. 
 She d. Sept. 9, 1805, leaving seven children. He m. 2d, March 10, 1806, Ruth, 
 widow of Jeremiah Ingraliam, b. 1755, d. April 15, 1826, without issue. He d. 
 in Eoyalton, Vt., Sept. 30, 1831. Children: Susannah, b. Nov. 25, 1767, d. 
 April 18, 1770; Reuben, b. Feb. 3, 1771, d. early; Benjamin, b. Dec. 9, 1773; 
 Sally, b. Sept. 17, 1776, d. young; Susannah, b. Sept. 27, 1781; Amasa 2d, b. 
 Nov. 31, 1783; Thomas P., b. Jan. 14, 1787; John &., b. Nov. 18, 1879, d. young. 
 
 16. Benjamin, son of Amasa (15), b. Dec. 9, 1773, m. Clarissa Thomas, b. March 
 15, 1771, d. Oct. 15, 1852. He d. in Brookfleld, Vt., Feb. 3, 1866. Their children 
 were, Abial, b. March 28, 1797; Ira, b. Jan. 1, 1799, and several others. 
 
 17. Abial T., son of Benjamin (16), b. March 38, 1797, m. Feb. 23, 1833, Dora 
 Hazen, b. July 1, 1801, (dau. of Hezekiah and Sarah (Marsh) Hazen.) She d. in 
 Burlingame, Kansas, the present residence of her Jiusband. They had ten chil- 
 dren: Benjamin, b. Aug. 11, 1833; Simeon M., b. May 5, 1835, d. m Texas, 
 1848; Julia E., b. Aug. 38, 1828, d. June 14, 1831; Harvey A., b. Dec. 7, 1830, 
 lost at sea in Dec, 1853; Horace S., b. Sept. 27, 1833, d. in rebel prison about 
 
 37 
 
418 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Dec. 15, 1864; Loren, b. Dec. 20, 1835, kUled ia. tattle Sept. 1, 1861; Edwin, 
 b. April 24,' 1838, d. in U. S. army, Feb. 28, 1863; Henry, b. Oct. 10, 1840; 
 Alice M., b. May 24, 1843; Daphne 8., b. Jan. 9, 1847. 
 
 18. Benjamin, son of Abial T., (17), m. 1st March 33, 1849, Louise Howard, b. 
 Oct. 23, 1836. Shed. June 29, 1850, without issue. He m. 2d Sept. 8, 1851. Celina L. 
 Reed, b. Oct. 3, 1827, (dau. of J. W. and Ruhama (Tenney) Reed.) Children: 
 William T., b. June 7, 1851; Helen M., b. Oct. 8, 1855, d. Aug. 35, 1865; Henry 
 A., b. Sept. 9, 1857, shot himself Jan. 19, 1880; Loren A., b. Oct. 19, 1864; Cliar- 
 lotte, b. Oct. 35, 1866. 
 
 19. Amasa, Jr., son of Amasa (15), b. 1783, m. 1st, Nov. 14, 1805, TamasinAsh 
 craft. She d. July 11, 1817. He m. 3d, Oct. 36, 1817, Altha Hazen, b. Sept. 14, 
 1788, (dau. of Thomas 4, and Abigail (Dutton) Haaen, of Hartford, Vt.) a farmer 
 in Royalton, Vt. He d. April 1, 1863; she d. Sept. 14, 1877. ChUdren by first 
 wife were: Harry, b. Aug. 3, 1806, d. Sept. 23, 1806; Carlos, b. March 8, 1808, 
 d. June 11, 1874; Carlton, b. Jan. 30, 1813; Harry B., b. July 14, 1844; the 
 last two both dead. Children by 2d wife: Altha Louisa, b. Jan. 5, 1819, m. 
 Nov. 30, 1844, J. Newcomb Kinney of Cincinnati, Ohio, d. July 3, 1853; Amasa 
 Parmalee, b. June 34, 1830; David H, b. Jan. 13, 1833; Tamasin, b. Deo. 30, 
 1838; Eleanor M.,h. Nov. 3, 1837, d. Dec. 5, 1834; Sarah R., b. Aug. 17, 1839; 
 Edward F., b. May 4, 1833. 
 
 30. Amasa Paemalee, son of Amasa (19), b. in Royalton, Vt., 1820; m. Feb., 
 1845, Mary M. Mason, b. Nov. 15, 1818, (dau. of Stephen and Eunice (Hazen) 
 Mason, of Hanover, N. H.) Mr. Dutton is a successful farmer in Craftsbiu-y, Vt., 
 one of the assistant judges of the Orleans County Court, and is a highly honored 
 and influential citizen — one of the self-made men of the time. They have liad 
 four children: John M., b. Apr. 14, 1844, graduated from Dart. Coll., 1873, 
 
 B. D. Yale, 1876; m. May 18, 1876, Flora B. Maltby, of New Haven, Ct., is now 
 (1888) preaching in Great Falls, N. H. Eliza, b. Oct. 18, 1849; m. Aug. 24, 
 1869, L. H. Thompson, of Irasburgh, Vt.; d. Mch. 34, 1881. Henry li., b. 
 June 18, 1854; m. Feb. 22, 1876, Jennie P. Lyons; has one son and two dau. 
 Edward A., b. June 19, 1864; m. Feb. 25, 1886, Catherine Anderson. 
 
 21. David H., son of Amasa (19), b. 1833; m. Nov. 4, 1825, Diana M. Wal- 
 bridge; b. Dec. 14, 1821; a farmer in Royalton, Vt. Their children are: Henry 
 W., b. Apr. 6, 1847; m. Mch. 17, 1880, Laura Chapiu; b. Apr. 34, 1860. Ahhie 
 
 C, b. Mch. 8, 1856; m. Oct. 23, 1883, C. M. Kidder. 
 
 22. Tamasin, dau. of Amasa (19), b. 1833; m. Nov. 3, 1848, Samuel W. Mcintosh, 
 son of Samuel and Phebe (Wj'att) Mcintosh; b. Mch. 15, 1830; a farmer in Bethel, 
 Vt. They have two children: Edward,\).T>ec. \o, 1851. Carlton W., b. May 
 21, 1857. 
 
 33. Sarah, dau. of Amasa (19), b. 1829; m. May 31, 1852, R. D. Kinney; b. 
 Aug. 30, 1828. Children: J'ojiaffioi), b. Apr. 39, 1853. Abiffai?, b. Jan. 3, 1857. 
 
 24. Edward F., son of Amasa (19), b. 1882; m. Aug. 30, 1854, Polly G. Bald- 
 win; b. in Strafford, Vt., Oct. 7, 1838 (dau. of Dr. Eleazer and PoUy (Ladd) 
 Spaulding), a druggist in Barton, Vt. Altha L., their only child, b. July 3, 1855; 
 m. Sept. 9, 1874, Horace C. Pierce, of Boston, Mass, 
 
 25. Nathaniel, son of Thomas (1), m. about 1770, Sarah Hazen, b. about 1749 
 (dau. of Joseph Hazen, of Grand Isle, Vt); a farmer m Hartford, Vt. ; d. Aug. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. .■ 419 
 
 32, 1823; she d. Mch. 14, 1835, se. 75. Their children were: Clarissa, b. Jan. 
 28, 1770; m. May 7, 1831, Philip Sprague (see Sprague Family). Mary,h. Jan. 
 
 26, 1773. Elijah, b. 1766. Nathaniel, b. Sept. 38, 1779. Sarah, b. May 30, 
 1787; d. Dec. 5, 1870, unm. Susan, b. Aug. 24, 1791. 
 
 36. Mary, dau. of Nathaniel (35), b. 1790; m. Jan. 25, 1790, Abraham Marsh; 
 he d. Jan. 25, 1790; she m. 2nd, Nov. 56, 1818, Zebulon Delano (son of Jonathan 
 Delano, of Hartford), with whom she lived but a short time; she d. Apr. 26, 
 1851. Her children by Mr. Marsh were: Lora, b. Jan. 6, 1791; m. Timothy 
 Percival, had nine children. Sarah M., b. Nov. 1, 1792; m. Alvah Sabin, 
 without issue. Lyman, b. Mch. 3, 1795; d. in early manhood, unm. Mary, 
 h. Aug. 7, 1797; m. Francis Morrill, had one child. Hammon, b. Jan. 2, 1801; 
 m. Catherine Eldridge, had lour children. Abram, b. June 15, 1803; m. 1st, 
 Rhoda Short, by whom he had two sons; 2nd Mary Cooley. Alice Ann, b. 
 June 25, 1805, lives in Norwich, Vt., with Carlton D. Nott. Levi H., b. Jan. 
 7, 1808; m. 1st, Mch. 13, 1842, Edith Cooper; 2nd, Edith Hall; he had by his first 
 wife two children, of these one is dead, the other is Mrs. Ellen L. Clapp, of Bur- 
 lington, Vt. By his second wife he had six children. None of Abraham Marsh's 
 family are living, excepting Alice Ann, and Catherine, widow of Hammon. 
 
 27. Elijah, son of Nathaniel (35), b. 1766; m. Susan Hoar, b. May 13, 1784 
 (dau. of Samuel and Rebecca (Dutton) Hoar, a fai-mer in Norwich, Vt. He d. 
 June 11, 1838; she d. Jan. 37, 1844. Their children were: Alonzo, b. Jan. 8, 
 1803. Lorenzo, b. Nov. 4, 1803. Clarinda, b. 1806. Emeline, b. Jan. 11, 
 1808. Azro, b. Apr. 13, 1810. Sarah Cornelia, b. Apr. 3, 1813. (See Gillett 
 FamHy.) Ahnira. b. Feb. 19, 1816; m. July 29, 1839, Israel P. Dana, b. May 
 
 27, 1809. He d. in St. Johnsbury, Vt., May 37, 1875; she Uves in St. Johnsbury. 
 Laura A., b. Juae 20, 1818; d. .luly 27, ISlo, unm. Susan A., b. Dec. 20, 
 1822, lives in St. Johnsbury, Vt., unm. Mary Jane, b. Nov. 4, 1826. Wil- 
 liam E., b. Mch. 15, 1830; d. July, 31, 1850, in DanviUe, Vt. 
 
 Alonzo, son of Elijah (27), b. Jan. 8, 1803; m. Jan. 15, 1832, Mary Ann BUss, 
 b. Sept. 24, 1811 (dau. of Ziba and Mary (Tribou) Bliss), a farmer in Norwich, Vt. 
 He d. Sept. 8, 1870. She lives in Norwich. They had: Martha A., b. Aug. 35, 
 1840; Sanford A., b. Jan. 3, 1845. 
 
 39. Lorenzo, son of Elijah, (15), b. Nov. 4, 1843 (nine months and twenty-six 
 days after Alonzo was bom); m. Sept. 16, 1835, Maria GiUett, b. Jan. 6, 1815 
 (dau. of BiUa and Ruby (Marsh) GiUett, of Hartford. He d. Mch. 30, 1861; she 
 d. Aug. 10, 1873. Then- childi-en werfe: Edward L., b. June 35, 1836; m. Nov. 
 6, 1863, Sarah A. Dutton, b. Nov. 14, 1835 (dau. of Elias C. and Sarah (Bliss) 
 Dutton). They have but one child: Herbert L., b. Nov. 2, 1863. Lewis B., b. 
 Sept. 17, 1840; d. Dec. 28, 1840. Julia M., b. June 7, 1843; m. Nov. 20, 1873, 
 James A. Thompson; she d. Jan. 19, 1886. 
 
 30. Clarinda, dau. of Elijah (37), b. 1806; m. Apr. 3. 1834, George P. Sanborn 
 of Strafiford, Vt., b. Apr. 7, 1810; she d. Mch. 14, 1835. He m. 3nd, June, 7, 
 1837, Emeline S. Baker, b. Nov. 31, 1813; she d. Aug. 14, 1871. He d.. Oct. 14, 
 1873. Child by first wife: George, b. Mch. 8, 1835. Child by second wife: Wm. 
 R., b. Apr. 17, 1842; m. Oct. 25, 1866, Nancy M. Sprague. (See Sprague Family.) 
 Mr. Sanborn was a bridge builder by trade, and after attaining manhood, went, 
 fii-st, to Springfield, Mass.', where he was engaged in bridge building for several 
 
420 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 years. When the construction of the New York and New Haven R. R. was 
 commenced, he was placed in charge of the construction of all the bridges on 
 that road, and, after the completion of the road, he was made supervisor, which 
 position he held for twenty-one years. After his retirement from the road, he 
 held several positions of trust, and, at the time of his death, he was a member of 
 the Board of Road and Bridge Commissioners of Bridgeport, Ct. (See Sprague 
 Family.) 
 
 31. Emblinb, dau. of Elijah (27), b. 1808; m. Oct. 14, 1834, Ira Button, b. Jan. 
 1, 1801 (son of Benjamin and Clarissa (Thomas) Button). She d. July 26, 1840. 
 He m. 2nd, Beo. 1840, Lydia Strong, b. Bee. 26, 1806 (dau. of Bea. Benajah 
 Strong, of Bethel, Vt.), by whom he had two children. He d. in Brookfield, Vt., 
 Mch. 35, 1867. Children by Emehne, his first wife: George H., b. Oct. 6, 1835; 
 d. June 5, 1836. Charles A., b.- Mch. 13, 1837. Henry E., b. July 1, 1829; d. 
 Apr., 1870; Albert Ira, b. Aug. 5 1831; Cfeorge E., b. Bee. 23, 1833; d. Nov. 5, 
 1864. Children by Lydia,. his second wife: Laura E., b. June 31, 1844; m. 
 Henry Woodward, b. May 19, 1841 (son of Benjamin and Polly P. Lacoimt 
 Woodward. They have eleven children. Ormoji D., b. May, 31, 1848. 
 
 35. AZRO, son of Elijah (37), b. 1810; m. 1st, Bee. 5, 1843, Mary Jane Gibson, 
 b. Mch. 25, 1819 (dau. of John Gibson of Ryegate, Vt.) She d. Nov. 9, 1856. He 
 m. 2nd, Bee. 21, 1858, Ann M. Freeman, b. June 17, 1836 (dau. of John and 
 Clarissa (Goff) Fi-eeman, of Hartford, Vt.) She d. Feb. 33, 1883. Children by 
 his first wife: Francis G., b. Sept. 11, 1849. Wm. P., b. Nov. 33, 1852. Mary 
 J., b. Feb. 17, 1856; m. June 16, 1887, Percy M. Button. 
 
 (Note.) — Not one of the nine children of EUjah (15) is able to tell at what time 
 he was born or" when married, — Ed.) 
 
 33. Mary Jane, dau. of EUjah (37), b. Nov. 4, 1836; m. June 6, 1849, John 
 Newton, b. Oct. 18, 1818, son of Sheldon Newton. Children: Wm. D., b. Aug. 
 31, 1850; m. Aug. 12, 1874, Almira Louise, b. Apr 1. 1852. Caroline, b. July 8, 
 1856. John L., b May 25, 1862; m. Sept. 1, 1886. Louis, b. Mch. 31, 1871. 
 
 34. Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel (25), b. 1779; m. 1st, Feb. 15, 1809, Sallie 
 Ward (dau. of Josiah Ward of Middletown, Ct.) She d. Jan. 3, 1830, leaving 
 seven children: — Mary Hedges, b. Jan. 5, 1809; d. Jan. 3, 1811. Erastus B., 
 b. Oct. 19, 1810. Mary H, b. Aug. 16, 1812; d. Jan. 15, 1832. Sarah W., 
 b. Sept. 2, 1814; m. Oct. 39, 1834, Iverson B. Graves. John H.,h. Mch. 1st, 
 1817; d. Mch. 3, 1860, unm. Eunice H.,h. Bee. 1, 1818; m. Nov. 2, 1845, 
 Thos. S. Baker. Elizabeth, b. May 8, 1821; d. May 37, 1823. His second wife 
 was Eliza F. Bostwick, of Lebanon, N. Y., whom he m. Oct. 3, 1830, and had 
 by her, Mary E., b. Jan. 8, 1832; m. 1867, C B. Pace. Harriet, b. Sept. 17, 
 1838; d. Aug. 81, 1887. He m. 3rd, widow Clarissa Sterling, Feb. 3, 1848 (dau. 
 of Wm. Sterhng, of Lyme, Ct. No children. (See Bart. CoU. Alumni, 1802.) 
 
 35. Susan, dau. of Nathaniel (25), b. Aug. 24, 1791; m. Benjamin Hatch, Jr., 
 of Norwich) Vt. (son of Capt. Benjamin Hatch). Their children were: Paschal, 
 b. Sept. 34, 1806; m. Minerva Hazen. (See Hazen Family). Partus, b. Sept. 
 13, 1808r d. Aug. 1, 1813. Woloott, b. Apr. 3, 1811; m. May 8, 1886, Mary GiUett. 
 (See GiUett Family.) Susan, b. July 13, 1813; m. an Eldridge. Louisa, b. 
 Mch. 31, 1816. William, b. Bee. 7, 1819; m. CaroUne TUden. (See TUdea, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 431 
 
 FamUy,) Mary, b. July 24, 1833. Edward, b. Apr. 13, 1835. George, b. Sept. 
 34,1837. The last two went west before marrying. Benjamin, Jr., the father, 
 d. June 30, 1865. Susan, the mother, d. 1873. 
 
 THE GILLETT FAMILY. 
 
 The following memorial is copied from the family Bible of Lieutenant Israel 
 GiUett:— 
 
 " My grandfather, John Gillett, Jr., was taken by the Indians Sept. the 16th, 
 1696, and returned hom and dyed at Lebanon, Ct., in April, 175.5. Connecticut. 
 My father,. Ebenezer Gillett, was born June the 5th, 1705, and dyed October the 
 19th, 1776, in 71 year of liis age. My mother, Mary Gillett, dyed September the 
 4th, 1791, in her eightyeth year. I have about forty grandchildren and as many 
 grate grandchildren — have one grate granddaughter a married woman has two 
 children, but the summer before last they both sickened and dyed. 
 
 (Signed) ISRAEL GILLETT." 
 
 1. John Gillet, Jr. , above named, was a son of John Gillet, who was one of 
 the fifty-one charter proprietors of Lebanon, Ct. John m. Jan. 3, 1700, Experi- 
 ence Dewey of Lebanon, Ct., by whom he had John Jr., and several other chil- 
 dren. John Jr., b. Oct. 7, 1703, m. Deo. 30, 1726, Abigail Lee, b. Feb. 37, 1704, 
 (dau. of Stephen Lee and Elizabeth Woodward) by whom he had Ebenezer, father 
 of Lieut. Israel Gillet, and other children; he d. April, 1755. 
 
 3. Ebenezek Gillet, son of John Jr. (1), b. June 5, 1705, m. Sept. 33, 1730, 
 Mary Ordway, b. Aug. 16, 1712, (dau. of Jacob Ordway and Rebecca Wright), he 
 d. Oct. 19, 1776, she d. Sept. 4, 1791. He was one of the charter proprietors of 
 Hartford, his share in the first division being lot "No. 16," lying on Connecticut 
 river, north of White river. After purchasing the entire right of Gideon Hebard, 
 he gave to his sort J'ohn, Dec. 33, 1767, one whole share, his original right, and 
 on the same day he gave to his son Israel the whole right purchased of Gideon 
 Hebaid, excepting a few acres located in Quechee. Ebenezer never came to 
 Hartford. The children of Ebenezer and Mary (Orda way). GiUett, were: Israel, 
 bap'd Sept. 17, 1738; Rhoda and Ezehiel, bap'd Mai-ch 27, 1743; John, bap'd April 
 7, 1745; Mary, bap'd Feb. 33, 1747; Isaac and Rebecca, bap'd Sept. 17, 1749; Eb- 
 enezer, bap'd Sept. 29, 1751; Jacob, bap'd Oct. 28, 1753. Jacob was a soldier of 
 the Revolution, was in the battle of Bunker HUl; d. of small-pox in the U. S. 
 army, in New Jersey. 
 
 3. Lieut. Israel Gillett, son of Ebenezer (2), b. Sept. 17, 1738, m. Jan. 8, 
 1761, Martha Throope, b. May 17, 1739, (dau. of Wm. and Elizabeth Throope of 
 Lebanon, Ct.), she d. July 4, 1763; he m. 2nd, Nov. 15, 1764, Susanna Dm-kee' of 
 Woodbury, Ct. ; he d. July 8, 1829, she d. July 36, 1831. Israel GiUett moved 
 from Lebanon, Ct., to Hartford about 1768, and first settled in the immediate 
 vicinity of White River Falls, now Olcott, and soon became an extensive land- 
 ovsmer, in the town. In after years he built and removed to the house now the 
 residence of Daniel O. GiUett, where he died. He was fond of public life, and 
 participated largely in the aflEairs of the town; he was one of the selectmen for 
 three years, 1769-71; one of the Committee of Safety in 1777; took an active part 
 in military matters, and was an energetic, public-spirited man. On the 4th of 
 
 ' Married in Lebanon, Ct. — Rode on horseback to Hartford, bringing her infant 
 child, Martha, in her arms, and on the horn of the side-saddle, a pail of apple- 
 sauce. 
 
422 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 June, 1771, he donated 100 acres of land to Dartmouth College. He had by his 
 first wife: Daniel Ordaway, b. in Lebanon, Ct.^ March 23, 1762; graduated from 
 Dartmouth College in 1787; went west and there d. in 1823. Children by second 
 wife: Martha, b. in Lebanon, Ct., Sept. 21, 1765, m. Deo. 9, 1802, David Haze, d. 
 June 17, 1833, accidently drowned in Connecticut river while crossing from Nor- 
 wich to Hanover; the horse driven by Mr. Haze became unmanageable and Mrs. 
 Haze was thrown from the carriage into the river. Roger, b. in Lebanon, Ct. , 
 Aug. 6, 1767, m. Mary Marsh of Queohee, Vt., he Uved and died where Reuben 
 Loveland now lives; Susanna, b. Jan. 31, 1769, d. Dec. 18, 1779; Mary, b. July 
 22, 1770, m. Oct. 19, 1809, John Smith of Hanover, N. H. ; Ebenezer, b. June 27, 
 1772, d. AprU 24, 1859; Abel, b. May 17, 1774, m. Keziah Thurston, he d. May 15, 
 1852, she d. May 7, 1852; Israel, b. April 7, 1776; Rhoda, b. April 17, 1778, d. 
 Oct. 23, 1780; Jacob, b. March 9, 1780, m. April 8, 1810, Catheriae Simonson, d. 
 1866; Susanna R., b. Sept. 4, 1788, m. Aug. 17, 1841, John Smith of Hanover, 
 N. H. 
 
 4. ISEABL, son of Lieut. Israel (3), b. April 7, 1776, m. Mary Sanborn of Haver- 
 hill, N. H., b. May 12,1779, a farmer in Hartford, Vt., had Elizabeth S., b. Sept. 
 21, 1801; Nathan,h. Sept. 18, 1803; Justus, b. April 12, 1806; Martin G.,h. June 
 26, 1808; Athela, b. Jihy 17, 1810; Naiicy M., b. Feb. 27, 1813; John, b. Oct. 12, 
 1814, d. May 3, 1839, unm.; Mary, b. Jan. 15, 1817; Daniel O., b. March 31, 1819. 
 Their father, Israel GiUet 3nd, d. Jan. 5, 1835; Mary, the mother, d. Feb. 29, 
 1856. 
 
 5. Elizabeth, dau. of Israel 2d., (5), b. Sept.21, 1801, m. Deo. 3, 1835, Edward 
 P. Harris, b. Nov. 17, 1802, (son of Samuel and lUith (Pratt) Harris); he fitted for 
 college at Phillips' Academy, Exeter, N. H., and at Atkinson, N. H. Academy; 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836; he was principal of the academy in 
 Bradford, Vt., and of Chesterfield, N. H., Academy, being at the latter place in 
 1827-8; he studied law vsdth Horace F. Everett, of Hartford, Vt., practiced law 
 several years in White River Junction, Vt. ; removed to Michigan in 1836; set- 
 tled in Rochester village, in Avon township, Oakland county, and practiced law 
 there until his death. He was postmaster in Rochester in President Fillmore's 
 term; was Circuit Court commissioner for Oakland county two terms, 1859-60 
 and 1861-62, elected by the people; and was a delegate to the convention to revise 
 the State Constitution in 1867. He married 1st., June 29, 1829, Eliza, Wright — 
 (See Hazen family); he d. March 19, 1868; Elizabeth, his wife, d. April 23, 1877. 
 Their children were: an infant b. in Hartford, Vt. ; Samuel, h. Sept. 15,1836, 
 m. for his first wife. May 28, 1858, Sarah H. Richardson of Rochester, Mich., b. 
 May 8, 1841; had by her Fi-ances A., b. June 10, 1860, d. AprU 9, 1862; Chai-les 
 S., b. Feb. 28, 1866; Edward P., b. Sept. 29, 1870, d. Feb. 1, 1871; Sarali, the 
 mother, d. Nov. 2, 1871, and he m. 2d, Nov. 25, 1872, Sarah S. Ladd, b. May 11, 
 1852, by whom he had one chUd, Sarah E., b. in Chicago, 111., June 20, 1874. 
 Samuel, the father, resides in Chicago; has invented an improved kind of sta- 
 tionary engine; is a dealer iij machinists' supplies. 
 
 6. Nathan, son of Israel (5), b. Sept. 18, 1803, m. April 2, 1833, Sarah Cornelia 
 (dau. of Elijah and Susanna (Hoar) Dutton), b. April 3, 1812. He was a farmer 
 in Hartford; one, of the selectmen 1850, '1, '3, and held minor offices at various 
 times; he d. July 15, 1878; his widow is now living with her son Edward A., on 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 423 
 
 the old homestead in Hartford. Their children were: Infant dan., h. Feb. 27, 
 1834, d. March 14, 1834; Infant son, b. Jan. 21, 1835, d. March 17, 1835; Charles, 
 b. June 23, 1836, d. May 27, 1838; Laura G., b. March 21, 1838, m. May 22, i860. 
 Charles H. Dana of West Lebanon, N. H., b. Feb. 22, 1830 (son of Jedediali and 
 Martha (Wood) Dana), an inventor and patentee of a hand corn-planter, and a 
 valuable system of marking and numbering domestic animals; is now president 
 of the Lebanon Creamery Co.; their children are as follows: Charles H. Jr., b. 
 March 31, 1861; Emma L., b. July 20, 1862; Wm. W., b. Aug. 12, 1867, d. April 
 11, 1884; Mary H., b. Mai-ch 27, 1876. Cummings J. , b. March 27, 1840, d. July 
 13, 1841. -Mary E., b. Aug. 30, 1841, m. AprU 4, 1865, Horace French, b. Feb. 16, 
 1837 (son-of Phineas and Betsy (Foster) French), a wholesale dealer in stationery 
 and notions at West Lebanon, N. H. ; during the late war he enlisted as a private 
 in Co. F, 3d Regt. Vt. Vols., for three years; pro. to Sergt, July 16, 1861; 2nd 
 Lieut. Co. F, Jan. 15, 1863; trans, to Co. B, July 35, 1864; pro. to Capt. Co. K, 
 March 28, 1865; mustered out July 11, 1865; they have had eight children: Bessie 
 F., b. Jan. 8, 1886; Nathan G., b. Sept. 8, 1867, d. Aug., 1868; Martin G., b. Sept. 
 8, 1867,"d. Feb., 1872. Samuel P., b. May 6, 1871; Frederick R., b. Sept. 25, 1873; 
 Robert H., b. June 20, 1875, d. Aug. 24, 1875; Ernest E., b. May 3, 1878; John 
 McQuesten, b. April 21, 1879. Maria S., b. July 2, 1844, m. Oct. 11, 1870, George 
 T. Hazen— (See Kazen family). Israel N., b. June 5, 1846, d. Jan. 14, 1872,unm. 
 Jennie Francis, b. July 26, 1853, m. Oct. 11, 1877, James Pratt (son of Edward 
 and Sarah (Vining) Pratt), a merchant in Longmeadow, Mass. Edward A., b. 
 Deo. 21, 1857, m. Sept. 19, 1888, Angelina M. Burns, b. Aug. 2, 1856 (dau. of Hi- 
 ram N. and Helen (Leishman) Bums, of Lachine, P. Q.), a farmer and manufac- 
 turer of brick in Hartford. Henry D., b. Dec. 23, 1859; killed in his saw-mill in 
 Olcott, March 26, 1887. 
 
 7. Justus, son of Israel (5), b. April 12, 1806, m. Nov. 22, 1836, Harriet Batch- 
 elder, b. Dec, 1809, (dau. of John and Eliza (Godfrey) Batchelder, of Strafford, 
 Vt. He d. Dec. 23, 1845; she d. AprU 3, 1855. 
 
 8. Martin, L., son of Israel (5), b. June 26, 1808, m. Oct., 1837, EUza Burton, b. 
 May 3, 1819, (dau. of Jacob B. C. and Susan, (Loveland) Burton of Norwich), a 
 farmer in Hartford. 
 
 9. Athela, dau. of Israel (5), b. July 17, 1810, m. Aug. 21, 1829, Jedediah 
 Sprague. (See Sprague family.) 
 
 10. Nancy, M., dau. of Israel (5), b. Feb. 27, 1813, m. Sept. 12, 1833, Albert 
 Buel, b. AprU 8, 1807, (son of John and (Stevens) Buel,) a house carpenter. He 
 d. June 10, 1887. His widow resides on the homestead in Hartford. 
 
 11. Maky, dau. of Israel (5), b. Jan. 15, 1817, m. May 8, 1836, Woloott Hatch, b. 
 AprU 3, 1811, (son of Benjamin and Susan (Dutton) Hatch, of Norwich, Vt.) 
 They moved to the state of New York many years ago, and no record of the 
 famUy can be obtained. 
 
 12. Daniel O., Son of Israel (5), b. March 21, 1819, m. Sept. 25, 1843, Julia A. 
 Burton, b. Oct. 33, 1831, (dau. of Jacob B. C, and Susan (Loveland) Burton, a 
 farmer and extensive land holder in Hartford on the old homestead; one of the 
 selectmen from 1858 to 1865 inclusive; a public spirited, hospitable and worthy 
 citizen. His wife d. Oct. 21, 1873, leaving two children: Susan A., b. Oct. 8, 
 
424 HISTORY OF HARTFOBD. 
 
 1850, m. Nov. 30, 1879, Charles C. Kinsman, b. July 30, 1858, (son of John and 
 JuUa A. (Heath) Kinsman.) They have children: Harry G., b. Jan. 16, 1881; 
 Julia B., b. Feb. 38, 1884; Belle H., b. Aug: 10, 1885; Lawrence 0., b. June 11, 
 1888; Bennie B., b. July 21, 1865; graduated from Dartmouth College, 1888; an 
 organist and teacher of music in Boston. ■ 
 
 13. CUMMINGS, sou of Israel (5), b. Nov. 6, 1831, d. Sept. 1841. 
 
 14. Jasper, son of Israel (5), b. 1834, d. March 9, 1863. 
 
 15. Carlos, son of Israel (5), b. 1889, d. Deo. 33, 1856. 
 
 16. John, son of Ebenezer (3), baptized April 7, 1745, m. 1773 Jemima Smalley. 
 He came from Lebanon, Conn. , to Hartford with his brother Israel, in 1768, and 
 with liim erected a log house, near Wliite River Falls, in which they lived for 
 several years. Later, John built, and removed to, the house which is the present 
 home of Mrs. Azro Gillett, on Christian St. John and Israel were enterprising, 
 progressive men, and were the incumbents of many offices of honor and trust in 
 the town for nearly half a century. On the 5th of March, 1772, John donated to 
 Dartmouth College, to promote the cause of education, sixty acres of land lying 
 in Hartford. He d. Jan. 19, 1839. Mary, his wife d. Jan. 81, 1835. Their chil- 
 dren were; Jemima, b. about 1769, d. in 1775; the first native born white child 
 that died in tlie town; Sendea, b. 1773, d. May 5, 1776; Billa, b. June 7, 1774, 
 Sendea, b. 1777, d; Feb. 18, 1786; Jemima, b. 1778, d. Nov. 22, 1828, unm; Anne, 
 b. 1788, d. April 6, 1808, unm; Levina, b. March 16, 1790. 
 
 17. Billa, sou of John (16), b. June 7, 1774, m. May 28, 1795, Ruby Marsh, b. 
 Sept. 16, 1773, (dau. of Abel Marsh (probably.) She d. Deo. 38, 1831. He m. 2d, 
 Aug. 12, 1833, Elizabeth Tilden, b.' Sept. 12, 1791, (dau. of Josiah and Elizabeth 
 (Tracy) Tilden, of Hartford.) He d. April 5, 1844; Ehzabeth, his widow, m. 2nd 
 Abel Marsh, of Quechee; d. Nov. 26, 1857, without issue. The children of Billa 
 (17), by his first wife were: Jasper, b. Aug. 15, 1796, m. Nov. 3, 1824, Sarah A. 
 R. Thomas, of Eolla, N. C, by wliom he had one child only, George Zimmerman 
 h. 1835, d. Oct. 21, 1831. Jasper the father d. March 10, 1827, his widow d. May 
 4, 1833; Billa, known as Deacon Wm. Gillett, b. May 14, 1799, m. March 8, 
 1837, Laura Griswold of Randolph, Vt. She d. Feb. 18, 1836, aged 36. He 
 m. 2d, Almira Partridge (dau. of Dea. Cyrus and Mary (Loveland) Part- 
 ridge, of Norwich, Vt. He d. in Sharon, Vt., March 29, 1841. His widow 
 went west and there died. His children by his first wife were Clarissa, who m. 
 James, son of Ebenezer Sawyer, of Hartford, Vt. ; went to Fond Du Lac, "Wis., 
 and there died; Nancy, b. March 19, 1834, m. in Galesbury, lU., Jan. 35, 1856, 
 Prof. J. B. Roberts, (son of John M. and Mary W. (Burbons) Roberts, of Morton, 
 111.) They have had six children: Wm. B., b. Dec. 12, 1857; Edward W.,b. 
 Dec. 6, 1863; Clara, G., b. Sept. 9, 1865; George B., b. April 7, 1867; Margaret 
 A., and John G., (twins) b. April 9, 1873. Edward and Clara are dead. Deacon 
 Gillett had by his second wife two sons who reside in California. Ruby, b. 
 July 7, 1804, m. Nov. 16, 1830, Dr. Constance Abbott, b. July 31, 1803, (son of 
 Elijah and Lydia Abbott.) Their children are: Carolina M., b. Oct. 9, 1833, m. 
 June 18, 1857, Thomas S. Page of Cordora, lU.; Louisa P., b. June 3, 1836, m. 
 March 9, 1865, Isaac N. Sweet, of Washburne, lU. ; William GiUett, b. Nov. 10, 
 1837, m. Sept. 21, 1865, Lydia T. Toy, of Washburne, 111.; Frances Ann, b. July 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 425 
 
 I, 1843, m. Sept. 31, 1865, Peleg N. Carson, of Washburne, 111. Mrs. I. N. Sweet, 
 (nee) Abbott, resides in Ohenoa, 111. Azro, b. Jan. 31, 1807, m. Nov. 34, 1829, 
 Emily Stone, b. March 20, 1811, (dau. of Enos and Rachel (Blake) Stone of Hart- 
 ford.) They had eight children, viz: Jasper A., b. June 19, 1833, d. March 9, 
 1863; Henry B., b. Nov. 30, 1836, m. Nov. 19, 1857, Arabella Wilkins, b. Oct. 10, 
 1839, (dau. of Hiram and Margaret C, (Manter) Wilkins, of Litchfield, N. H.) 
 Their children are: Emily M., b. March 16, 1861, m. Nov. 20, 1879, "Walter S., 
 (son of Amos and Hannah (Green) Heath;) Harriet Belle, b. July 14, 1864, m. 
 May 16, 1852, William S., (son of Wm. D. and Emma H. (Brainard) Moody.) 
 Charles E., and Carlos B., (twins) b. March 28, 1839; Charles E., d. Dec. 23, 
 1839; Carlos B., d. Dec. 33, 1856. £:nos Stone, b. May 3, 1846, m. Oct. 15, 1868, 
 EmUy E. Pike, b. Jan. 16, 1846, (dau. of Hezekiah and Fannie (Thomas) Pike) a 
 farmer in Hartford, Vt. He d. suddenly June 18, 1887. His widow and an only 
 child, Clara, b. Aug. 31, 1870, reside on the homestead in Hartford. Infant, 
 b. Oct. 1, 1808, d. Dec. 17, 1808. Charles, b. March 13, 1813, d. May 5, 1813. 
 Norman, b. AprU 18, 1813, d. Oct. 14, 1813. Maria G., b. Jan. 6, 1815, m. 
 Sept. 16, 1835, Lorenzo Dutton. (See Dutton family.) 
 
 18. Levina, dau. of John (4), b. March 16, 1790, m. Oct. 3, 1810, Amos Wal- 
 bridge, of Randolph, "Vt. Their cliildren were: Louisa, b. Sept. 30, 1811, m. 
 April 2, 1838, John C. Underwood, of Quincy, Mass., d. April 9, 1864, leaving 
 one daughter; Levina, b. July 5, 1813, d. Sept. 27, 1833; Martha, b. April 29, 
 1815, m. 1st, Dec. 1, 1836, Geo. Newell, of LoweD, Mass., and had one daughter; 
 2d, Geo. W. Tuckerman, of Boston. She d. April 38, 1878; John G., b. Vlarch 
 
 II, 1817, m. Jan. 38, 1839, in Lowell, Mass., Lavinia Moore; d. in Cottage Grove, 
 Wis., Feb. 1883, leaving one son and two daughters; Amos, b. March 2, 1819, d. 
 July 4, 1821; Levi, b. Feb. 3, 1821, m. 1st, Isabel Lovering, of Exeter, N. H., 2d, 
 Josqphine Newell, of Boston, Mass. ; Lucinda J., d. in infancy; Caroline C, b. 
 Jirne 9, 1835, m. Jan. 9, 1849, in Boston, Ira W. Hill;, no issue; Frederick G., b. 
 Feb. 14, 1838, m. Nov. 8, 1851, Lydia A. Gray, of Boston, has one son; LuciusH., 
 b. March 31, 1830, m. Nov. 7. 1853, Ellen Dunn, of Boston, has two children. La- 
 vina, parent, d. in Boston, July 4, 1860, aged 70-3-18. 
 
 THE HAZEN FAMILY. 
 The only authentic recorded data concerning the Elazen family in this country 
 dates no further back than 1649, when Edward Hazen, the American ancestor, 
 came over from England and settled in Rowley, Mass. The history of his de- 
 scendants to the third generation at least, is exceedingly meagre. I am indebted 
 to Mr. Henry Allen Hazen, of Washington, D. C; for valuable genealogical facts 
 concerning the Hazen family, a portion of which were contributed by Mr. Hazen 
 to the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for April, 1879, but the 
 space allotted to genealogies, in the original plan of this history, precludes the 
 use of all the facts compiled by him, and I shall transcribe from his compilations 
 only such facts in the history of Edward Hazen and his descendants as, added to 
 facts in detail derived from other sources, enable me to form an interesting his- 
 torical memorial of the Hazen family; and enable the present generation to trace 
 the family history from its first beginnings in this country to tlie present day, 
 having special reference to the descendants of Thomas Hazen 3d, a large number 
 of whom now reside in Hartford. 
 
426 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The origin of this family beyond^the sea has not been traced. Recent informa- 
 tion locates a family bearing the name in Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the last cen- 
 tury, and possibly the fact may afford a clue to the English home of the Puritan 
 Edwaid. 
 
 Edward Hazen was the immigrant ancestor. The first mention of the name, 
 which has been found, occurs in the records of Rowley. "Elizabeth, wife of Ed- 
 ward Hassen, was buried 1649, Sept. 18." He was a man of substance and influ- 
 ence in the town; was overseer or selectman in 1650, '51, '54, 1660, '61, '65, and 
 1668, and judge of delinquents 1666. In the records of surveys, Feb. 4, 1661, he 
 appears entitled to " seven gates.'' These related to cattle rights on the town 
 commons ; the average number being three, and no one had more than seven. 
 The inventory of his estate amounted to £404:7:8. 
 
 Of his first wife, Elizabeth, nothing is known, or where, or how long they had 
 been married. He married 2d, in March, 1650, Haaanah, dau. of Thomas and 
 Hannah Grant. He was buried in Rowley, July 22, 1683. His widow m. 2d, 
 March 17, 1683-4, George Browne of Havei-hill, who, Sept. 9, 1693, adopted her 
 youngest son Richard as the sole heir to his large estate. Lieut. Browne d. Oct. 
 31, 1699, aged 76; his wife d. Feb., 1715. The children of Edward and Hannah 
 (Grant) Hazen, all born in Rowley, were: Elizabeth, b. March 8, 1650-1, m. 
 Api-il 1, 1670, Nathaniel, son of John and Bridget Harris of Rowley; Hannah, 
 b. Sept., 1658, m. William Gibson, and (^. before 1683, leaving three children; 
 John, b. Sept. 22, 1655; Thomas, b. Feb. 39, 1657-8, d. in Norwich, Ct., April 
 13, 1735; Edward, b. Sept. 10, 1660, died 1748; Isabella, b. July 31, 1662, m. 
 Jan. 16, 1680, John, son of Thomas and Ann Wood of Boxford; Pricilla, b. 
 Nov. 35, 1664, m. July 21, 1681, Jeremiah, son of John and Dorcas Pearson of 
 Rowley; Edney, b. June 30, 1667, m. Aug. 2, 1686, Timothy, son of Rev. Wil- 
 liam and EUzabeth (Wooton) Perkins of Topsfield; Richard, b. Aug. 6, 1669, d. 
 in HaverhiU, Mass., Sept. 25, 1733; Hipzebeth, b. Dec. 22, 1671, m. 1689, d. in 
 Rowley, Nov. 29, 1689; Sarah,'b. Aug. 22, 1673, m. June 27, 1690, Daniel Wicom, 
 Jr., of _Rowley. 
 
 Thomas' (Edward') owned a farm in Rowley at his father's death; he re- 
 moved to Boxford before March 33, 1689-90, where he was made freeman; he 
 was dismissed from the church in Topsfield, to become one of the constituent 
 members of the church in Boxford ia 1703, and in 1711 again removed to Nor- 
 wich, Ct., where he d. April 12, 1735, aged 77 yeai-s. * * * He m. Jan. 1, 
 1683-3, Mary, dau. of Thomas Howlet; she d. Oct, 24, 1727. Their chiLdren were: 
 John, b. 1683^, Mai-ch 23, m. Mercy Bradsti-eet; Hannah, b. Oct. 10, 1694, in 
 Rowley, m. July 13, 1727, Joshua, son of Benjamin Morse of Newbury, Mass. ; 
 Alice, b. in Boxford, June 16, 1686; Ednah, b. (when?), m. Oct. 21, 1724, Joshua 
 Smith of Norwich, Ct.;' Thomas, bapt. Topsfield, Mass., May 4, 1690, d. in Nor- 
 wich, Ct., 1776-77; Jacob, bapt. Topsfield, April 34, 1693, d. in Norwich, Ct., 
 Dec. 32, 1755; Mary and Lydia, bapt. Topsfield, Sept. 9, 1684; Lydia m. March 
 17, 1713-14, Benjamin, son of Caleb and Margaret (Post) Abell of Norwich, Ct.; 
 Hepzibah, bapt. Topsfield, May 16, 1697, m. Oct. 1, 1716, David Ladd of Nor- 
 wich, Ct., d. March 13, 1728; Ruth, b. Oct. 23, 1699, d. in Norwich, Ct., Feb. 18, 
 1739-40; Jeremiah, bapt. Topsfield, May 3, 1702. 
 
 John" {Thomas'', Edward^ ), b. Mch. 23, 1683; m. Mars, dau. of John and 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 43T 
 
 Sarah (Perkins) Bradstreet, and gr.-dau. of Gov. Simon Bradstreet, and of Rev. 
 William Perkins. She d. Nov. 33, 1725, in Norwich, Ct., and he m. there 3nd, 
 May 31, 1736, Elizabeth, prob. dau. of Daniel and Elizabeth (Douglan) Dart. Ch. 
 13. * t^ * To the line of this John it is pi'obable that the extensive families in 
 New Jersey belong, from which offshoots are foixnd in Pennsylvania, and in 
 Walsingham, Ontario, Canada. Among its present representatives are Abraham 
 Hazen, a successful ' merchant in Broadway, New York city, and the Hon. 
 Abraham D. Hazen, of Pennsylvania, now (1889) third assistant Post Master 
 General. 
 
 Thomas' (Thomas^, Edward' ), m. Sept. 30, 1714, Sarah Ayer, of Norwich, 
 Ct. She d. Sept. 16 1753, and he m. 3nd, Mrs. Elizabeth Bacon. Children all b. 
 in Norwich, Ct. : Sarah, b. Sept. 13, 1715. Joseph, b. June 30, 1717 ; m. 
 Dec. 8, 1740, Elizabeth Durkee, of Norwich. Thomas, b. Sept. 80, 1719. 
 Alice, b. Apr. 30, 1733. Martha, b. July 3, 1735; m. Deo. 4, 1753, Jacob, son 
 of Jacob and Hannah (Kingsbury) Hyde, of Haverhill, Mass. Moses, b. Dec. 
 1, 1731; d. July 11, 1812; m. Nov. 13, 1755, Elizabeth Merrill. She d. Jan. 4, 
 1776, and he m. 3nd, Jan. 9, 1783 Joamia Sampson, of Norwich, who d. May 
 39, 1813. 
 
 Moses' (Richard'. Edward'), b. May, 17, 1701; m. Mch. 5. 1737-8, Abigail, 
 dau. of John and Lydia (Gilman) White. The Worshipful WiUiam White, of 
 Haverhill, was grandfather of John White. Their children born in Haverhill, 
 Mass., were: Abigail, h. Jan. 7, 1728; m. Nov. 16, 1749, Moses Moors. Gen. 
 Benjamin Moors, of Plattsburg, N. Y., was their son. John, b. Aug. 11, 1731, 
 d. probably in Haverhill, N. H., before the Revolution. After the French and 
 Indian war broke out he distinguished himself by good service. In the Crown 
 Point expedition, . 1757, he was lieutenant in Capt. Jacob Bayley's company, 
 Capt. Meserve's regiment from New Hampshire. * * * After the war, he and 
 Col. Bayley joined in the enterprise of settling the rich Coos country, and be- 
 came, in 1761, the first settler of Grafton County, N. H., at HaverhiU. Bayley 
 occupied Newbury, on the opposite side of the Connecticut, the next spring. 
 He m. Nov. 30, 1753, Anne Swett, of Haverhill, who d. Sept. 39, 1765. * * * 
 Moses, b. June 1, 1733; d. Feb. 4, 1803 in Troy, N. Y. Like his brother he 
 was in the French war, and distinguished himself under Wolfe on the Plains 
 of Abraham, where he was severely wounded. After the war he retired on half 
 pay for life in the British army, and settled at St. Johns, Canada, where he 
 married a French lady, Charlotte La Sausu, but had no children. When the 
 Revolution came, he joined the patriot cause, sacrificing a large estate and his 
 half-pay for life, raised a regiment of Canadians, which was recruited from aU 
 quarters as the war proceeded, and known variously as " Congress's Own," and 
 " Hazen's Own.'' The traitor Arnold honored him by baseless charges of in- 
 subordination, but the record proves his good conduct and? he was Brigadier- 
 General at the close of the war. He cut a mihtary road through northern. Ver- 
 mont, from Peacham to Hazen's Notch, in Montgomery, which stiU bears his 
 name. 
 
 Joseph^, {Thomas^, Thomas'^, Edward ), b. June 30, 1717; m. Dec. 8, 1740, 
 Elizabeth Durkee, of Norwich, Ct. He removed, about 1780, with his sons to 
 Grand Isle, Vt., where they were among the first settlers, and where the family 
 has been numerous and honored. 
 
428 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 The number of Joseph's children is not known to the author. He had, how- 
 ever, six daughters, three of whom, Sarah, Mercy and Mary, married respectively 
 Nathaniel Button, Joshua Hazen and David Newton, all farmers of Hartford, 
 Vt. Three other daughters married respectively: Capt. Rouse, after whom 
 Rouse's Point, in New York, was named; Capt. Wood, and an Armstrong, of 
 Poultney, Vt. 
 
 The foregoing facts are taken, chiefly, from Mr. Hazen's history of the flrst 
 four American generations of the Hazen family. I am also indebted to him for 
 valuable information concerning the following history of the first four genera- 
 tions of the descendants of Thomas Hazen 3d. '' (Thomas", Thomas'^, Edward^ ). 
 Thomas 3d was of the fourth American generation, but a new classification will 
 be observed in respect to the history of himself and his descendants. He wUl b.e 
 classed as Thomas 3d (1st Gen.); his children (3d Gen.); Ms grandchildren (3d 
 Gen.); his great grandchildren (4th Gen.) 
 
 In my researches for data concerning the Hazen family, I discovered in an old 
 account book, found among the effects of the late Dea. Philemon Hazen, the fol- 
 lowing memorial: 
 
 " The first Hazen in America had three sons, Richard, Thomas and Edward. 
 The sons of Thomas were John, Thomas 2d, and Jacob. The sons of Thomas 3d, 
 are Joseph, Thomas 3d, and Moses. Thomas 3d married Ann Tenney, and had 
 by her: 
 
 1. Eunice, born April 1, 1743; died Oct. 18, 1753. 
 
 3. Joshua, bom Oct. 19, 1745; died April 22, 1796. 
 
 8. Abia, (Hopson) born Sept. 5, 1747; died Oct. 27, 1819. 
 
 4. Asa, born Nov. 16, 1749; died March 13, 1819. 
 -5. Reuben, born April 12, 1751; died Feb. 18, 1760. 
 
 6. Elijah, born Oct. 35, 1752; died Feb. 2, 1833. 
 
 7. Silas, born Sept. 17, 1754; died Nov. 24, 1778. 
 
 8. Hezbkiah, born March 15, 1756; died July 25, 1839. 
 
 9. Thomas 4th, born March 13, 1758; died Aug. 9, 1835. 
 
 10. Solomon, bora Nov. 4, 1759; died July 26, 1849 (ts). 
 
 11. Daniel, born July 17, 1761; died Nov. 32, 1814. 
 
 13. Ann, born Feb. 17, 1763; died Sept. 80, 1765. 
 18. Eunice, born Jan. 20, 1765; died May 27, 1836. 
 
 14. Philemon, born Nov. 16, 1766; died Dec. 19, 1845 (ts). 
 
 15. Reuben, born AprU 7, 1768; died June 18, 1853 (ts). 
 
 16. Ann (Burton) born Feb. 21, 1771; died April 31, 1859 (ts)." 
 
 (ts). Dates taken from tombstones in Christian St. Cemetery. 
 
 All of the children above named were born in Connecticut. Eunice, born in 
 1743, Reuben, born in 1751, and Ann, born in 1763, died in Connecticut. From 
 the above memorial, and data gathered from other sources, I have formulated a 
 genealogical record of the first four generations of the descendants of Thomias 
 Hazen 8d, of Woodbury, Ct. 
 
 Thomas Hazen" (Thomas", Thomas'-, Edward'), h. Sept. 30, 1719, m. 
 March 7, 1743, Ann Tenney of Norwich, Ct., b. 1736; he d. Aug. 19, 1783; she d. 
 
HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 429 
 
 July 39, 1802. The fruit of their marriage is seen in the foregoing list. He 
 moved from Woodbury, Ct., to Hartford, Vt., about 1771, and soon became a 
 prominent actor in the municipal affairs of the town. 
 
 In 1765, the proprietors made an effort to obtain a grant of the town from the 
 governor of New York, and employed as their agent Oliver Willardof Hartland, 
 Vt. In prder to settle with Willard for his services, the proprietors applied to 
 Joshua Hazen for the money. He borrowed of his father, Thomas Hazen 3d, the 
 required amount. On the 13th of May, 1773, the proprietors voted to let Thomas 
 Hazen 3d, have one thousand acres of land lying in a square body at the north- 
 west corner of the town for the money his son Josliua hu-ed for them. In the 
 meantime, the proprietors had sent Thomas Hazen 3d, to New York to endeavor 
 to obtain a gi-ant of the town from Lieut. -Governor Golden. For this service Mr. 
 Hazen was granted the privilege of pitching his undivided land in any section of 
 the town then unappropriated. He pitched 560 acres adjoining the 1000 acres 
 previously voted to him; his pitch was made May 30, 1781. On the 30th of Au- 
 gust, 1781, he gave to each of twelve of his children 130 acres of said land, and 
 reserved the same quantity for himself: total, 1560 acres. He subsequently 
 pitched and pm-chased more than 1000 acres ia the town, and his sons obtained 
 possession of an additional 1000 acres. He built, in 1775, the first two-story 
 house in the town, in which he lived with his son Asa, their home farm being 
 afterwards the home farm of his grandson, the late Allen Hazen, and now the 
 home farm of his great grandson, Charles D. Hazen. 
 
 SECOND GENERATION. 
 
 1. EUNICE HAZEN (dau. of Thomas Hazen 3d,) b. April 1, 1743; d. Oct. 18, 
 1753. 
 
 3. JOSHUA HAZEN (son of Thomas 3d), b. Oct. 19, 1745; m. Mercy Hazen, of 
 Litchfield, Gt., (daughter of Joseph Hazen, and b. about 1748). He removed from 
 Woodbury, Ct., to Hartford about 1770, and settled in the northeastern part of 
 the town on a farm given to him by his father, Thomas Hazen 3d. He at once 
 became actively connected with the political and religious interests of the town, 
 and in the mannagement of its affairs, both civil and military, he displayed 
 superior executive abilities, discretion, tact and energy. He was especially con- 
 spicuous in military life, and during the period of the Revolution he won envi- 
 able distiaction as an officer of the militia detailed to defend the frontier against 
 the invasions of the Fi-ench and Indians. His name, with that of other citizens 
 of the town employed in scouting service, building forts, etc., may be found in 
 that portion of this history relating to events during the Revolution. He repre- 
 sented the town in the Legislature in 1783, '85, '86, '87, '88, '90, '91 and '93. He 
 was, with Col. Joseph Marsh, county repi'esentative to the General Assembly, at 
 the three sessions of 1773, and served in the same capacity with Stephen Tilden 
 at the two sessions held in 1784; was one of the selectmen, and a justice of the 
 peace for several years; an intelligent, upright, valuable citizen. He d. AprU 19, 
 1796; his wife survived him until Aug. 13, 1834. 
 
 THIRD GENERATION. 
 
 1. Abigail, dau. of Joshua(3), b. Sept. 14, 1868; m. March 11, 1790, Frances 
 W. Savage. (See Savage family). 
 
430 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 3. Fbederick, (son of Joshua (2 ), b. 1771; d. Oct. 5, 1775. 
 
 3. Molly, (dau. of Joshua (3), b. April 9, 1774; m. Mosely Clark, b. Nov. II, 
 1774, (son of John Clark and Deborah Mosely); she d. Jan. 8, 1806. 
 
 4. Susannah, dau. of Joshua (2), b. July 34, 1777; m. March 4, 1796, John 
 Clark, Jr., b. Nov. 17, 1770, (son of John Clark and Deborah Mosely, a farmer in 
 WiUiamstown, Vt.); he d. (when?) Their children were: (4th gen.) Susannah, b. 
 Feb. 37, 1798; John, b. May 3, 1800; Eunice, b. April 37, 1803; Joshua H., b.Sept. 
 30, 1804; Deborah, b. Nov. 21, 1806; Ormon, b. July 6, 1810; Daniel, b. Nov. 1, 
 1813; Wealthy, b. March 39, 1816. 
 
 FOURTH GENERATION. 
 
 Eunice Clark, b. April 37, 1803, m. 1st, Elisha Hutchinson, who was killed 
 by a stone from a blast Sept. 19. 1833; they had one son, John C, who resides in 
 Gladstone, Mich. She m. 3d, July 33, 1835, John Brigham of Alsted, N. H., by 
 whom she had — (5th gen.): Lydia, b. June 7, 1836; Susan, b. Aug. 35, 1838; 
 George,,h. Dec. 30, 1840; Silas H., b. May 17, 1843; Marshall G., b. Juqe 1,1846. 
 Eunice, parent, d. March 13, 1860. Only two of her children are living, Mrs. 
 Susan Bailey of Hardwick, Vt., and Marshall, who m. EUa King of Bradford, 
 Vt., and lives in Worcester, Vt. ; they have two children, John W. and Alfred M. 
 
 5. Joshua, Jr., (3d gen., son of Joshua (3), b April 3, 1781, m. Ruth Knee- 
 land, and had by her (4th gen.): Catherine, d. young; Horace, b. Jan. 14, 1805, 
 m. Jan. 3, 1833, Marcia P. Boardman, who d. Aug. 3, 1832; he m. 3d, Nov. 4, 
 1853, Mary P. Stone; children, (oth geij.): Oscar C, b. Nov. 39, 1835, m. Mary 
 Niles, Jan. 1, 1860; Julius M., b. July 3, 1839; Harriet M., b. Aug. 32, l^U Ed- 
 ward K., d. young; Harriet, m. Kimball Bailey; Charles J., b. Feb., 1815, ia\. 
 Caroline Smalley. 
 
 6. Wealthy, dau. of Joshua (3), b. June 4, 1783, m. Dec. 1799, Noadiah White; 
 went to Ohio. 
 
 7. Catherine, dau. of Joshua (3), b. Oct. So, 1785, m. Nov. 18, 1833, Andrew 
 Newton. (See Newton family.) 
 
 8. Eunice, dau. of Joshua (3), b. May 18, 1788, m. Feb. 30, 1816, Stephen Ma- 
 son, b. Jan. 6, 1793, (son of Robert Mason and Judith Wi-ight), a farmer in Han- 
 over, N. H. He d. Sept. 26, 1836. She d. Aug. 30, 1876. Tlieir children (4th 
 gen.) were: — Catherine M., b. Dec. 13, 1816, m. July, 1854, Abel D. Johnson, d. 
 March 12, 1863; Mary M., b. Nov. 15, 1818, m. Feb. 30, 1845, Amasa P. Dutton. 
 (See Dutton family.) JulinsJ., b. Aug. 14, 1821, m. Nov. 14, 1844, Sarali A. 
 Camp. She d. March 12, 1828, leaving oiae child. He m. 2d, Aug. 20, 1850, Ly- 
 dia Chandler, b. Sept., 1830, (dau. of La,ban and Lydia R. T. Chandler). 12ch. 
 John W., b. June 23, 1823, d. Jan. 23, 1847; Caroline A., b. July 30, 1835, m. 
 April, 1847, Philander W. Durkee, of Hanover, N. H. Moved west. 
 
 9. John Durkee, son of Joshua (3), b. 1794, m. Marinda Mason, b. July 1, 
 1794, (dau. of Elijah and Mary Mason, dau. of Lt. Gov. Joseph Marsh, of Hart- 
 ford, Vt.) Their children (4th gen.) were: Joseph, who m. Jane Taylor, of Hi- 
 ram, O., lived in Garrettsville, O., and had two children; (5th gen.) Florence, 
 who m. a Humeston, now living in Humeston, Iowa. Joseph, who m. Ida Ma- 
 son and lives in Chicago. Miranda, who m. a Paine. Emily, who m. John 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 431 
 
 Reed of Kent, O. He d. in Chatanooga, Tenn. She lives on Capitol Hill, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. They had thi-ee children. (5th gen.) John, Marinda, who died 
 in infancy, John, who d. at 20. 
 
 3. ABIAH HAZEN, (dau. of Thomas Hazen (3), b. Sept. 5, 1747, m. Capt. John 
 Hopson, b. 1743-8, a fai-mer in Norwich, Vt. He d. March 26, 1796. She d. Oct. 
 27, 1831. Their children, (3d gen.) were: Anna, b. Jan. 30, 1766, m. about 1801 
 Nathan Safford, of Royalton, Vt. Their children, (4th gen.) were: Charlotte, 
 b. Mai-ch 10, 1808, m. Feb. 34, 1835, Erastus P. Wilhams, of Royalton; Tniman 
 H., b. Feb. 19, 1810; Sarah, b. July 3, 1767, d. in 1786, \inra.;.John, b. May 34, 
 1769, m. 1794, Polly Noble, b. about 1771, (dau. of Shadrack and Lucy Noble), a 
 farmer in Norwich, Vt. He d. May 28, 1824. She d. Nov. 13, 1833. Their chU- 
 dren (4th gen.) were: AmeHa, b. July 31, 1795, d. July 31, 1833; John Deforest, 
 b. Feb. 37, 1799, graduated at West Point about 1821, m. Ann Herron, of St. 
 Louis, Mo. He d. in Louisville, Ky., Feb. 17, 1839. She d. in St. Louis in 1837. 
 They had one child who d. young. Sarah, b. Sept. 11, 1801, d. April 18, 1803; 
 Rebecca, b. Jan 31, 1771, m. Feb. 31, 1793, Reuben Tenney, b. July.39,1760, (son 
 of James Tenney, of Hanover, N. H.,) a. farmer in Hartford, Vt. He d. Feb. 
 36,1837. She d. July 16, 1840. Their children (4th gen.) were: Ira, b. Jan. 
 38, 1794, m. Feb. 35, 1823, Sophia Hazen, (dau. of Thomas 4th); Harper, b. Aug. 
 81, 1796, m. Nov. 30, 1819, Cynthia Marsh. He d. Aug. 31, 1833. She m. 3d, 
 Truman H. Savage. (See Savage family.) Ch. 8. Reuben, b. April 15, 1798, m. 
 Mai-ch 11, 1823, PoUy Savage, (See Savage famUy.) Homer, b. June 5, 1808, m. 
 Perces Perry, (dau. of Isaac Perry and Rebecca Newton.) He d. Aug. 12, 1838. 
 She m. 3nd, a Lawton; Lucy, b. Aug. 38, 1811, m. Nov. 1, 1830, Samuel B. Dim- 
 mick, (son of Joel and Sarah W. (Wood) Dimmick), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. 
 She d. June 34, 1866. Children (5th gen.): Laura, b. Feb. 4, 1885; Susan, b. 
 Nov. 6, 1836; Ruth, b. March 14, 1838. William, son of John Hopson, b. April 
 13, 1773, m. Dec. 39, 1797, Sarah Smalley, b. Dec. 31, 1780 (dau. of Lieut. James 
 and Sarah (Bartlett) SmaUey of Norwich, Vt.); he d. Dec. 38, 1838, she d. Feb. 
 12, 1850. The children of William Hopson (4th gen.) were: Lemira, b. Nov. 3, 
 1800, m. March 20, 1835, Isaac N. Mosely, he d. Feb.,1837; she m. 3d, Oct. 1845, 
 Thos. Poole, he d. Nov. 80, 1848; she d. Nov. 3, 1856. Silas N., b. July 39, 1803, 
 d. Nov. 19, 1869, unm. William Hazen, b. April 29, 1810, m. Dec. 1883, Cordelia 
 B. Houghton, she 4. Oct. 10, 1845; he m. 2d, July, 1846, Mary Blood, b. Feb. 
 1821 (dau. of Levi Blood and Fannie Smith of Norwich), he d. May 33, 1860, she 
 d. Oct 38, 1868. Mary, b. Nov. 33, 1815, m. May 10, 1835, Samuel Sproat, b. 
 March 6, 1808 (son of Samuel and Sarah (Delano) Sproat of Windsor, Vt.), a 
 mason by trade, at which he has worked sixty-two years, first in Windsor, then 
 in Norwich, Vt. ; Mrs. Sproat is a very intelligent woman, and she furnished 
 many facts concerning the Hopson family— children, 10. The other children of 
 John Hopson (4th gen.) were: Maiy, b. Jan. 11, 1775, d. Sept. 33, 1775; Silas, b. 
 July 36, 1776, d. Feb. 8, 1779; Mary, b. Jan. 18, 1779, d. March 39, 1783; Asenath, 
 b. Dec. 31, 1781, d. unm. in Royalton, Vt., Feb., 1849; Truman, b. July 4, 1788; 
 Lucy and Lucinda (twins), b. April 21, 1785, Lucy m. Dec. 12, 1805, John Savage, 
 (See Savage family), Lucinda d. unm. in Royalton, Vt., about 1834; Daniel, b. 
 July 36,1787, d. in Norwich in 1849; Abiah, b. April 34, 1789, m. Levi Barker, he 
 d. Feb. 36, 1885. 
 
433 HISTORY OF HAETFORB. 
 
 4. Asa Hazen (son of Thomas 3d), b. Nov. 16, 1749, m. Dec. 7, 1780, Susan- 
 nah Tracy, b. July 3, 1758, (dau. of Thomas Tracy and Elizabeth Warner), 
 a farmer in Hartford; his farm of about 300 acres is located in the northeast cor- 
 ner of the town, is bounded on the north by Norwich town line, east by Connec- 
 ticut river, and west by the highway leading from Hartford village to Norwich 
 and Hanover, N. H. It is the home of Mr. Charles D. Hazen, son of the late Al- 
 len Hazen. Asa was chosen proprietors' clerk in 1780, and probably emigrated 
 from Woodbury, Conn., to Hartford with some of his brothers, several years be- 
 fore their father settled in the town Asa d. March 13, 1819, his wife d. Nov. 30, 
 1830. Their children were as foUows: Elizabeth, b. Nov. 37, 1781; Lora, b. Jan. 
 13, 1784, d. May 37, 1857; Austin, b. June 35, 1786; Thomas, b. Aug. 39, 1788; 
 Ira, b. Jan. 19, 1791; AsaSd, b. Dec. 9, 1793; Allen, b. Aug. 6, 1795; Susannah, 
 b. Nov. 5, 1797, d. July 7, 1834, unm.; Lucius, b. Feb. 14, 1801; Andrew T., b. 
 Dec. 30, 1804. 
 
 1. Elizabeth Hazen, (3d gen., dau. of Asa (4), b. Nov. 37, 1781, m. April 16, 
 1801, David Wright, Jr., b. Feb. 11, 1775 (son of David Wright and Hannah Bai- 
 ley), a farmer in Hartford, Vt.; he d. May 10, 1817, she d. March 11, 1818; their 
 children (4th gen.) were: Wealthy, b. Feb. 34, 1803, m. May 37, 1819, Alvin Bai- 
 ley, b. April 30, 1793, a farmer in Hartford; he d. July 11, 1865, she d. 1841; 
 Eliza, b. Sept. 8, 1804, m. June 39, 1839, Edward P. Harris, b. in Ashburnham, 
 Mass., Nov. 17, 1803 (son of Samuel Harris and Ruth Pratt), she d. in Hartford, 
 Sept. 1, 1834, leaving on child, (5th gen.) Edward W., b. May 4, 1831; he m. 3d, 
 Dec. 3, 1835, EUzabeth S. GiUett, b. Sept. 31, 1801, d. AprU 33, 1877. (See Gil- 
 lette family). Austin Hazen, b. Nov. 11, 1811, m. June 13, 1844, in Oroomiah, 
 India, Catherine A. Myers of Whitehall, N. Y., d. in Oroomiah, Jan 4, 1865. (See 
 Dartmouth Alumni, 1830). 
 
 3. Austin Hazen (son of Asa (4), b. June 36, 1786; m. Junel, 1819, Fran- 
 ces Mary Dana, b. June 13, 1800 (dau. of Israel P. and Sarah (Smith) Dana, of 
 Danville, Vt.); She d. June 11, 1831, and he m. 3d, Mch. 35, 1834, Lucia Wash- 
 burn, b. Dec. 36, 1806 (dau. of Rev. Azel Washburn and Sarah Skinner, of Roy- 
 alton, Vt.) He d. Dec. 35, 1854; she d. Dec, 1888, in Middletown, Ct. 
 
 Four of Mr. Hazen's sons are ministers. Allen was, for 37 years, a mission- 
 ary in India; Austin^ was pastor of the Cong'l Church in Norwich for some 
 years, and in Jericho Centre, and is now (1888) in Richmond, Vt. William S.'' 
 has been pastor of the church in Northiield, Vt., for twenty-five years. Azel W. 
 has been over the North Church in Middletown, Ct. , about twenty years. Lucius 
 is an earnest christian worker, though he is in secular business. Frances has 
 been a teacher for several years in Mt. Holyoke Seminary. (See sketches D. C. 
 alumni (1807) (1848.) The children of Austin (4th gen.) were: — 
 
 1. Sophia Dana, b. July 33, 1830; m. Feb. 14, 1851, Rev. David T. Stoddard, 
 b. Dec. 3, 1818 (son of Solomon Stoddard and Sarah Tappan, of Northampton, 
 Mass.) He d. Jan. 33, 1857, in Aroomiah, Persia, and she m. 3d, Sept., 1867, 
 
 'Austin prepared for college at St. Johnsbury Academy ; graduated at U. Vt. , 
 1855, Andover Theo. Sem., 1859. 
 
 ^ Wm. S. fitted for college at Washington Co. Grammar School and Royalton 
 Academy ; graduated at U. Vt.. 1858. Andover Theo. Sem., 1863. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 438 
 
 Wm. H. Stoddard, brother of her first husband, b.-Moh. 5, 1804. He d. June 14, 
 1884. No Children. 
 
 3. Allen, b. Nov. 30, 1823, m. Sept. 18, 1846, Martha R. Chapin, b. April 9, 
 1833 (dau. of Oliver Chapin and Ann Pierce, of Somers, Ct.) Their children (5th 
 gen.) vrere: — Henry Allen, b. Jan. 13, 1849, in Seroor, India; grad. D. C. 1871. 
 
 (See D. C. Alumni.) Wm. Oliver, b. in Seroor, Aug. 31, 1850; gi-ad. D. C, d. 
 
 July 88, 1871, on his way to India; Frances A., b. in Seroor, July 9, 1853; grad. 
 
 Mt. Holyoke Sem., 1875; m. Oct. 30, 1875, Rev. L. S. Gates, missionary A. B. C. 
 
 F. M., Solapur, India. Mary Sophia, b. Ahmednugger, India, Nov. 4, 1854; grad. 
 Mt. Holyoke Sem., 1877. Harriet Stoddard, b. Bombay, India, Oct. 10, 1857; d. 
 Oct. 11, 1857. Martha Chapin, b. Somers, Ct., May 18, 1859; d. Sept. 3, 1859. 
 Charles Chapin, b. Newbury, Vt., Aug. 17, 1863; d. Aug. 31, 1863. 
 
 3. Frances Emily, b. Dec. 13, 1835; d. Aug. 3, 1880. 
 
 4. Israel P. D., b. Sept. 7, 1830; d. April 18, 1881. 
 
 The children of Austin and Lucia (Washburn) Hazen (4th gen.) were; 
 
 5. Austin, Jr., b. Feb. 14, 1835; m. Feb. 13, 1863, Mary Jane Carlton, b. Oct. 
 18, 1839 (dau. of David Carlton and Mary Wheeler, of Barre, Vt.) She d. April 
 18, 1880, and he m. 3d, June 1, 1881, Almira F. ElUott, b. Feb. 31, 1838 (dau. of 
 Ezra Elliott and Eliza Hall, Jericho Center, Vt.) Children (5th gen.): Austin, Jr., 
 3d, b. Sept. 30, 1863. Carlton, b. June 14, 1865. Allen, b. May 13, 1867. Frank, 
 b. Jan. 7, 1869. William, b. Nov. 3, 1870. -Robert, b. Dec. 3, 1873. Tracy, b. 
 July 4, 1874. Mary, b. July 30, 1875; d. Jan., 1876. 
 
 6. William Skinnee, b. Aug. 18, 1836; m. Sept. 36, 1866, Martha Ann Mer- 
 rill, b. Apr. 13, 1833 (dau. of Wm. S. Merrill and Martha Ann Carpenter, of 
 Providence, R. I.) She d. Aug. 38, 1874, and he m. 3d, Oct. 13, 1883, Laura E. 
 Maxham, b. June 17, 1845 (dau. of Geo. W. Maxham and Laura Cady, of North- 
 field, Vt.) Children (5th gen.): Martha Merrill, b. Aug. 35, 1874; Wm. Mer- 
 rill, b. July 38, 1873; d. Sept. 7, 
 
 7. Lucia W. Hazen, b. Apr. 14, 1889; d. Oct. 38, 1854. 
 
 8. Azel W. Hazen, b. Apr. 10, 1841; m. Sept. 1, 1869, Mary B. Thompson, 
 b. Jan. 28, 1846 (dau. of Prof. Wm. Thompson and Elizabeth Wells Butler, of 
 South Windsor, Ct.) Children (5th gen.): Frances Elizabeth, fc. and d. Dec. 5, 
 1873; Mary Washburn, b. Aug. 4, 1874; d. Jan. 36, 1875. Maynard Thompson, 
 b. Sept. 31, 1887. 
 
 9. Frances Mart Hazen, b. Feb. 15, 1844, living unmarried. 
 
 10. Lucius R., b. Feb. 6, 1848; m. Feb. 16, 1875, Maria B. Humphrey, b. Jan. 
 3, 1854 (dau. of Edwiu W. Humphi-ey and Helen Maria Martin, of Jericho Cen- 
 tre, Vt.) Children (5th gen.): iMcia Washburn, b. Dec. 18, 1875; Harriet Matilda, 
 b. Aug. 31, 1878; Edwin Humphrey, b. Sept. 15, 1883; Helen Bradford, b. May 
 31, 1885; Lucius Randolph, b. Nov. 33, 1886. 
 
 11. Susan Hazen, b. May 6, 1851; d. Nov. 14, 1851. 
 
 4. Thomas Hazen (3d gen., son of Asa 4), b. Aug. 39, 1788, m. Dec. 18, 1830, 
 Caroline Ensworth, b. Aug. 6, 1804, (dau. of Hezekiah Enswoi;th and Erepta 
 Pike). He d. April 10, 1870, iu Norwich, Vt. She d. July 31, 1879. (4th gen.) 
 
 38 
 
434 HISTOEY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 children of Thomas (4): Lova E., b. Nov. 25, 1831, d. Oct. 9, 1843; Thomas E., 
 b. Aug. 38, 1833, lives in Newton Falls, Mass., unm.; Caroline E., b. Aug. 10, 
 1835, d. Sept. 3, 1857, unm.; Frances S., b. Nov. 13, 1837, d. Oct. 12, 1844; Eliza 
 Erepta, b. Sept. 27, 1841, lives in Newton, Mass., unm. 
 
 5. IBA Hazbn (3d gen., son of Asa (4), b. Jan. 19, 1791, m. Dec. 20, 1819, Mary 
 Marsh, b.' 1794, (dau. of Joseph Marsh 2d, and Erepta Weld,) a farmer in Nor- 
 wich, Vt. He d. May 23, 1868. She d. June 6, 1861. Their children (4th gen.) 
 were: Asa, b. April 22, 1822, m. Jan. 3, 1850, Clementine Port«r, b. June 18, 
 1827, (dau. of Wm. Porter and Anna Kempton), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. 
 Mary Louisa, b. Oct. 7, 1822, m. Aug. 26, 1850, Jolm Paul. She d. April 18, 
 1854; Susan J., b. Feb. 14, 1825, m. Nov. 27, 1849, Francis Boaxdman, b. Nov. 
 13, 1811, (son of Thomas Boardman and Lucy Barron), a farmer in Newport, N. 
 H.; Joseph M., b. April 19, 1827, d. Aug. 28, 1853, unm.; Ellen Erepta, b. July 
 7, 1830, d. Nov. 11, 1875, unm.; Walter Scott, b. May 4, 1833, m. Sept. 18, 1861, 
 Caroline Fowler, b. May 1, 1842, (dau. of Lewis Fowler and Fanny Howard), a 
 farmer in Norwich, Vt.; Gratia M., b. April 22, 1836, d. Aug. 16, 1837. 
 
 6. Asa Hazen, 2d (3d gen., son of Asa 4), b. Dec. 9, 1792, d. May 18, 1866, 
 unm. (See Alumni D. C. 1811.) 
 
 7. Allen Hazen "(3d gen., son of Asa (4), b. Aug. 6, 1795, m. Feb. 15, 1832, 
 Hannah P. Dana, b. March 6, 1804, (dau. of Israel P. Dana and Sarah Smith), a 
 farmer in Hartford, Vt. Eepresented the town in the Legislature in 1845-'46-'49; 
 was selectman five years, 1829-1833, and held, at various times, other town offices. 
 He gave liberally of his means for the support of the Gospel, and for the cause 
 of education; a man of literary tastes, reflective habits and energetic in action. 
 (4th gen.) children of Allen, (7): Henry Allen, b. Deo, 27, 1832, m. July 9, 1863, 
 Charlotte E. Green, b. Jan. 30, 1834, (dau. of Dr. Geo. B. Green, and Mary H. 
 Jones of Windsor, Vt.) (See D. C. Alumni, 1854.) Israel Putnam, b. April 28, 
 1837, d. Jan. 4, 1838; Charles Dana, b. Feb. 11, 1842, m. May 28, 1868, Abbie 
 M. Coleman, b. March 16, 1844, (dau. of Horace P. Coleman and Martha L. 
 Dewey), a farmer on the old homestead. Children: Allen, b. Aug. 28, 1869; 
 Annah P., b. Sept. 32, 1873; Louise C, b. Jan. 1, 1877; Charles D. Jr., b. Feb. 
 3, 1881; Eichard, b. July 13, 1887; Emily Hannah, b. Aug. 2, 1844, living unm. 
 
 9. Lucius Hazbn (8d gen., son of Asa (4), b. Feb. 14, 1801, m. April 11, 1836, 
 Hannah B. Downer, b. Nov. 4, 1798, (dau. of John Downer and Hannah B. Hunt), 
 a farmer in West Hartford, Vt., and Newbury. Moved to Newbury, Vt., spring 
 of 1857, where he d. Aug. 27, 1862. She d. in St. Johnsbury, Vt., May 26, 1875. 
 (4th gen.) children of Lucius, (7): Frances, b. AprU 28, 1839, d. March 6, 1838; 
 Lucius D., b. Jan. 1, 1834, m. June 13, 1861, Orinda G. KimbaU, b. April 1, 1834, 
 (dau. of Lloyd Kimball, and Lois Griswold), a lumber dealer etc., in St. Johns- 
 bury, Vt. Louis Tracy, b. July 11, 1836, m. Oct. 9, 1863, E. Francis Johnson, b. 
 April 5, 1838, (dau. of Frank P. Johnson and Eleanor Stevens, of Newbury, Vt.,) 
 a lumber dealer, farmer and extensive daii-yman in Whitefield, N. H., which 
 town he represented in the N. H. legislature in 1886-7. Moved from Newbury 
 to Barnet, Vt. , thence to Whitefield. Children: Frank, b. in Newbury, May 
 34, 1866; Maria.F., b. in Barnet, Jan. 18, 1868; John D., b. in Barnet, June 15, 
 1870; Louis T., b. in Whitefield, N. H., Oct. 5, 1871; d. Nov. 26, 1871; Grace S., 
 b. in Whitefield; Nov. 5, 1875; Hannah Mai-ia, b. July 31, 1841, m. March 20, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 435 
 
 1866, Dr. Henry C. Newell, b. Oct. 19, 1835, (son of Selim Newell and EmeUne 
 Denison), grad. D. C, 1860, M. D., 1864. Served in civil war as surgeon 3d 
 Eegt. Vt. Vols. 
 
 10. Andrew Tracy Hazen (3d gen., son of Asa (4), b. Dec. 80, 1804, m. Jan. 
 6, 1831, Sarali W. Dimick, b. May 14, 1810, (dau. of Joel Dimick and Sarah W. 
 Wood), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. ; he d. Aug. 7, 1863. The children of Andrew 
 T. 10th (4th gen.) were: Calvin Tracy, b. Jan. 34, 1833, m. April 14, 1857, Clara 
 N. Barnes (dau. of Gilbert W. Barnes and Elizabeth Burchard of E. Chester, N. 
 Y.); childi-en (5th gen.): Lizzie, b. April 13, 1859; Sarali L., b. Jan. 15, 1861, d. 
 Feb. 6, 1863; LiUian, b. Nov. 3, 1863; Edith, b. Nov. 38, 1864; Clara, b. Sept. 5, 
 1867; Thomas-D., b. April 16, 1873; Claudine, b. Dec. 15, 1876. Sarah E., b.Oot. 
 33, 1833, m. June 30, 1868, Geo. Messenger, b. Jan. 31, 1835, (son of Erastus and 
 EUza (Hatch) Messenger), a tanner in Norwich, Vt. Thomas A., b. Jan. 31, 1841, 
 m. Jan. 8, 1878, Lizzie M. Loveland, b. March 4, 1855, (dau. of John W. and 
 Maria (Boardman) Loveland), a tanner in Noi'wich, Vt. ; cliildren (5th gen.): 
 Andrew T., b. Nov. 9, 1878, d. Aug. 15, 1883; John L., b. June 30, 1881; Conrad 
 P., b. AprU 7, 1884. Susan S., b. Oct. 37, 1843, d. March 38, 1869, unm. Wil- 
 liam A., b. Jan. 33, 1859. 
 
 5. REUBEN HAZEN (3d gen., son of Thomas 3d), b. April 13. 1751, d. Feb. 
 18, 1760. 
 
 6. ELIJAH HAZEJT (3d gen., son of Thomas Hazen 3d), b. Oct. 25, 1753, m. 
 Jan. 25, 1781, Esther, (dau. of Capt. Gideon and Patience (Hurd) HoUister), she d. 
 June 13, 1817, he d. Feb. 2, 1832. Their children (3d gen.) were: Norman, b. 
 Feh. 33, 1783, m. 1st, March 12, 1804, Annis Wheeler, she d. Jan. 19, 1833; he m. 
 3d, Theodosia Frisbie, he d. July 30, 1856; they had (4th gen.): EUjah W., b. 
 April 23, 1807, m. May 13, 1838, Sarah Logan; Ursula M., b. June 8, 1815, m. 
 Sept. 25, 1837, Titus A. Bryan, d. Sept. 32, 1864; Celina, b. March 32, 1840, d. 
 May 14, 1842; Howard M., b. Oct. 1, 1845, ra. Oct. 1, 1867 Ellen, Titus, d. July 
 27, 1869. Theodosia, b. May 19, 1784, m. Jan. 7, 1809, Daniel T. MitcheU, d. AprU 
 8, 1813, he d. Nov. 33, 1867; they had (4th gen.) one chUd, Simeon, b. Oct. 33, 
 1809, m. (after 60) April 30, 1874, Keziah Ferrand. Esther, h. Oct. 18, 1791, m. 
 Jan. 10, 1813, Samuel Leavitt, d. Jan. 11, 1836, he d. May 8, 1844; they had (4th 
 gen.) children: Theodosia, b. Jan. 10, 1813, m. David Fen-and; Silence, b. Oct. 
 3, 1814, m. May 30, 1838, Thomas F. Brinsmade, d. June 3, 1843; Elizabeth, b. 
 July 31, 1818, m. July 31, 1844, Thomas F. Brinsmade (widower), d. Oct. 33,1850, 
 he d. April 18, 1878. 
 
 7. SILAS HAZEN (3d gen., son of Thomas Hazen 3d), b. Sept. 17, 1754, d. 
 Nov. 24, 1778, unm. 
 
 8. HEZEKIAH HAZEN (3d gen., son of Thomas Hazen 3d), b. Mai-. 15, 1756, m. 
 Nov. 37, 1781, Sarah Marsh (dau. of John Marsh and Sarah Hammond), a farmer 
 in Hartford, Vt. ; he d. July 35, 1839, she d. Jan. 4, 1853. Their children (3d gen.) 
 were: Levi, b. Jan. 11, 1783; John, h. Oct. 6, 1784; Amos, b. Aug. 36, 1786; 
 Sarah, b. Feb. 11, 1789; Dam, b. March 13, 1791; Alice, b. March 19, 1793, d. Oct. 
 15, 1849, unm; Elisha, b. May 10, 1796; Polly, b. Feb. 38, 1799; Dora, b. July 1, 
 1801; Hezekiah, b. March 4, 1803; Moses, b. June 39, 1805, d. Feb. 3, 1813; Alice, 
 b. March 19, 1793, d. Oct. 15, 1849, unm. 
 
436 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 1. Levi (3rd gen., son of Hezekiah (8), b. Jan. 11, 1783; m, Moh. 13, 1821, 
 Sarah Hyde, b. Sept. 14, 1779, (dau. of Silas Hyde and Sarah Armstrong); 
 a farmer in Hartford, Vt. He died July 8, 1855; she died November 13, 1873. 
 (4th gen.) Children of Levi (1). Silas Hyde, b. Nov. 34, 1831. Living unm. 
 in West Hartford, Vt. Sarah Hammond, b. July, 13, 1823; m. Moh. 16, 1848, 
 Ebenezer Gile, Enfield, N. H. Alice, h. July 39, 1826; Hving uimi. in W. Hart- 
 ford, Vt. Abel H, b. Oct. 30, 1838; d. Deo. 12, 1884, unm. John H, b. Moh. 
 17, 1833; m. Mch. 33, 1859, Mehssa FuUer, b. June 16, 1839 (dau. of Peter Fuller 
 and Alice A. Perry, 3 ch.) A farmer. William, h. Sept. 19, 1886; m. Nqv. 33, 
 1871, Ruth Dimick, b. Mch. 14, 1833, (dau. of Samuel B. Dimiok and Lucy 
 Tenney); a farmer in Hai-tford, Vt. He d. May 19, 1876; she d. Mch. 34, 1886. 
 No ch. Willis, twin to Wm., b. Sept. 19, 1836. Livmg unm. in W. Hartford, 
 Vt. Arthur H., b. Oct. 11, 1843; m. Dec. 81, 1869, Susan Dimiok, b. Nov. 6, 
 1836 (dau. of S. B. Dimick and Lucy Tenney); a farmer in Hartford, Vt. 
 
 2. John (3rd gen., son of Hezekiah (8), b. Oct. 6, 1784; m. Sept. 17, 1818, Phi- 
 nette WiUard, b. Aug. 18, 1797 (dau. of Francis WiUard and Abigail Hill). He d. 
 Mch. 36, 1863; she d. Oct. 15, 1867; a farmer in Pomfret, Vt. Their children 
 (4th gen.) were: Diana, b. Apr. 13, 1821; m. Mch. 27, 1839, Aaron Q. Noyes, b. 
 Feb. 14, 1816. Ann D., b. Oct. 28, 1833: m. 1847, Hon. Joseph H. Pratt, b. Feb. 
 15,1837; a farmer in Pomfret, Vt. , a member, three times, of the Vt. Legis- 
 lature. Ch. 5. Levi, b. Oct. 19, 1835; m. June 6, 1849, Mary R. Perry, b. June 
 33, 1826; a farmer and land surveyor. Ch. 5. John W., b. July 15, 1838; m. 
 Apr. 16, 1851, Sarah O. Clark; d. in California. Harvey, h. Aug. 6, 1880;livingin 
 California. Qeo. C. b. Nov. 37, 1833; d. Nov. 6, 1856, unm. Edward, b. Dec. 
 36, 1838; m. Sept. 34, 1863, Ellen M. Snow; d. Oct. 29, 1886; a mechanic in "West 
 Hartford; ch. 6. Jason, b. Oct. 12, 1840; hving in California. 
 
 3. Amos (3rd gen., son of Hezekiah (8), b. Aug. 36, 1786; m. 1st, Phila 
 Brownell. She d. Apr. 1826. He m. 2d, Eleanor Gibson. He d. 1885; she d. 
 Nov. 13, 1871. Children (4th gen.) by first wife: Emily, b. Mch. 24, 1813; m. 
 Sept. 20, 1836, John Duttou. (See Dutton Family.) Almira, b. June 1, 1815; m. 
 Aug. 17, 1884, Wm. A. Ela, of Lebanon, N. H. He went to Kansas City and 
 d. m Mch. 1855, leaving 4 children. John B., b. Feb. 38, 1817; m. Jan. 14 1843, 
 Mary A. Rust, b. June 22, 1831 (dau. of Mathias Rust and PoUy Bailey.) Ch. 8. 
 iSegmoitr, b. Jan. 29, 1819; m. 1st, Dec, 1842, Rebecca Rust (dau. of Mathias 
 Rust and Polly Bailey); she d. Jan. 2, 1851; he m. 2d, Jane E. Wallace; she d. 
 Jime 39, 1854; he m. 3d, Caroline Wallace. He d. July 7, 1876; 4 oh. Hezekiah, 
 b. May 13, 1821; m. May 4, 1868, Ellen Orr, b. Jan. 22, 1840 (dau. of John Orr 
 and Roxy Griffin); a farmer in Hartford, Vt. He d. Sept. 11, 1856; ch. 4. Hoyt, 
 b. June 4, 1835; m. Jan. 19, 1851, Sylvia A. Snow, b. Jan. 18, 1831 (dau. of Mar- 
 vin Snow and Sylvia Waters). He is Station Agent C. V. Railroad in West 
 Hartford, Vt., is the oldest resident station agent on this road. 
 
 4. SABAH(3dgdn., dau. of Hezekiah (8), b. Feb. 11, 1789; m. 1813, Darius 
 West, b. Jan. 81, 1783 (son of Caleb West and Ruth Benton); shed. Apr. 34, 1855; 
 he d. June, 1840. Children (4th gen.) Hazen,h. Mai-. 25, 1818; m. Mch. 39, 1836, 
 Mary A. Cloud, b. Oct. 19, 1815 (dau. of Norman Cloud and Ruby Wright). Ch. 
 (5th gen.) Maria H., b. Mch. 3, 1837; m. Deo. 1, 1857, Calvin F. Seaver. Henry, 
 b. Feb. 9, 1840; m. June 1, 1866, Hannah C. Downer, b. Sept. 31, 1848 (dau. of 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 437 
 
 Stephen S. Downer and Caroline C. Wade); a merchant in Tlietford, Vt., and 
 for several years past the clerk and treasurer of said town. His wife d. Sept. 13, 
 1867; he m. 2d, Mch. 7, 1871, Nellie D. Lucas, b. June 3, 1851 (dau. of Chas. D. 
 and Emeline F. (Tyler) Lucas. Child by first wife: Georgie b. Mch. 8, 1867; m. 
 June 19, 1885, Wm. A. Hutchinson. Moses H., b. Apr. 18, 1843; m. Mch. 15, 
 1867, Luna Downing, b. Sept. 7, 1848 (dau. of Bela Downing and Permelia 
 Hovey); she d. Feb. 4, 1887. They had one child: Joseph D. Mary E., b. Apr. 
 35, 1853; m. Sept. 13, 1877, Charles E. Tinkham, b. July 36, 1853 (son of William 
 Tinkham and Vienna Goodell); a dentist in Fitchburg, Mass. She d. Aug. 18, 
 1884; Children: Willie, b. Feb. 9, 1879; two d. in infancy. George, b. June 11, 
 1819. Living in Royalton, Vt., with Charles West. Caleb, h. Apr. 3, 1833; m., 
 1847, Laura E. Pratt, b. Feb. 15, 1830 (dau. of Francis and Roxanna (Strong) 
 Pratt); a farmer in Norwich, Vt. He d. Apr. 3, 1885; She lives in Arkansas 
 city, Kan. Children (4th gen):,Frank E. Chas. H., b. 1853; m. Apr. 39, 1874, 
 EllaE. Stone, b. Nov. 11, 1854 (dau. of Chas B. and Emeline (Bugbee) Stone); a 
 farmer in Hartford. He d. Sept. 24, 1886. Child: George C, b. Feb. 3,1878. 
 Joseph C. 
 
 5. Dan, (3d. gen., son of Hezekiah (8), b. March 13, 1791, m. Feb. 36, 1813, 
 Abigail Batchelder, b. Sept. 3, 1789, (dau. of Jethro Batchelder and Deborah 
 Leavitt), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. He d. Feb. 34, 1867. She d. July 16, 1877. 
 Their children (4th gen.) were: Abigail, b. Feb. 37, 1815, m, April 5, 1838, 
 Jacob G. Dutton, d. Feb. 6, 1881. (See Dutton family. Harriet A., b. Feb. 24, 
 1818, m. Aug. 19, 1839, Carlton D. Tracy. (See record Tracy Family.) Sarah, b. 
 Jan. 31, 1833, m. March 5, 1855, Charles Newton, (son of David Newton and Sa- 
 briel Tracy.) Solon, b. April 3, 1836, d. Feb. 36, 1854, unm. 
 
 7. Elisha, (3d gen., son of Hezekiah (8), b. May 10, 1796, m. March 4, 1833, 
 Mary Bush, (dau. of Fairbanks Bush and Amy Emmons), a farmer in 
 Hartford, Vt. He d. Feb. 19, 1876. She d. Jan. 4, 1880. (4th gen.) ChOd- 
 ren of EUsha (7) :* Mary Eliza, b. Jan. 5, 1834, m. Feb. 33, 1847, James 
 Cowen. She d. Oct. 4, 1863; Carlos, b. Feb. 2, 1827, m. March 4, 1851, Jane 
 Marsh. She d. 1868. He m. 3d, March 35, 1872, JuUa Brockway, (dau. of John 
 Brockway and Desire Simons), a hardware dealer, Lowell, Mass. Ch. 1. Cyrus, 
 b. Oct. 8, 1832, m. March 17, 1873, Sophia Wood, b. 1849, (dau. of James Wood 
 and Armona Snow), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. Ch. 3. 
 
 8. Polly, (3d gen., dau. of Hezekiah (8), b. Feb. 38, 1799, m. June 9,1819, 
 Wm. Savage, b. June 33, 1793, (son of Seth Savage and Rhoda Bacon.) (See 
 Savage Family.) 
 
 9. DOEA, (3d gen., dau. of Hezekiah (8), b. July 1, 1801, m. Feb. 34, 1833, Abial 
 Dutton, b. March 38, 1797, (son of Benjamin Dutton and Clarissa Thomas.) She 
 d. (when?) He is hving, (1888), in Burlingame, Kan. Children: Benjamin, h. 
 Aug. 11, 1823. Simeon M., b. May 5, 1825, d. in Texas, 1858; -Harvey H., b. Dec. 
 7, 1830, lost at sea Dec, 1853; Horace S., b. Sept. 27,1833, d. in rebel prison, 
 Dec. 15, 1864; Loren, b. Dec. 30, 1835, kiUed in battle Sept. 1, 1861; Edwin, b. 
 April 34, 1838, died in U. S. army Feb. 38, 1863; Henry A., b. Oct. 10, 1840; 
 Julia E., b. Aug. 38, 1838, d. June 14, 1836; Alice M., b. May 24, 1843; Daphne, 
 b. Jan. 9, 1847. 
 
 10. Hezekiah Je., (3d gen., son of Hezekiah (8), b. March 4, 1803, m. Nov. 
 
438 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 28, 1835, Maria Cloud, b. March 5, 1807, (dau. of Norman and Ruby (Wright) 
 Cloud.) They had but one oliild: Ruby W., b. Nov. 3, 1836. She was married 
 March 36, 1846, to WiUiam E. Lewis, of Norwich, Vt., b. May 35, 1815, (son of 
 Bnos and Keturah (Dennison) Lewis.) Mr. Lewis has been town clerk of Nor- 
 wich for 46 years, and was also, treasurer of the town from 1871, to March, 1889. 
 He represented Norwich in the legislatm-e of Vermont 18 . They have had 
 chUdi-en: Lucy A., b. Feb. 19, 1847, m. Nov. 3, 1870, Joseph F. Foote, (son of 
 Daniel and Martha (Burr) Foote); Wm. H., b. Jan. 35, 1849, m. Jan. 1, 1884, 
 Stella L. Hubbard, (dau. of Thaddeus F., and Caroline (Cave) Hubbard.) Maria 
 Louise, b. Sept. 15, 1851, m. Sept. 14; 1876, Wm. W. Mon-ill, (son of Josiah R. 
 and FeHnda (Weeks) Morrill. Katy D., b. July 18, 1857, d. Aug. 17, 1858. 
 Charles F., b. Aug. 36, 1859, m. April 31, 1886, Fhebe E. Cook, (dau. of Royal E., 
 and Louise (Lyman) Cook.) Mary D., b. Aug. 14, 1863, d. Aug. 33, 1865. 
 
 9. THOMAS HAZEN, 4th (8d gen., son of Thomas 3d), b. March 13, 1758, m. 
 1st, June 7, 1779, Abigail Dutton, b. Aug. 80,1763 (dau. of Deacon Samuel Button 
 and Joanna Root, of Washington, Conn.,) a farmer in Hartford, Vt. She d. 
 May 6, 1811. He m. 3d, Mrs. Eleanor (Greene) Garfield, b. 1777. She d. Aug. 
 17, 1837. He d. Aug. 9, 1835. Their childi-en (3d gen.) were: Silas, b. July 4, 
 1780: Lois, b. Feb. 10, 1783, d. Nov. 34, 1830; Abigail, b. April 36, 1785; Altha, 
 h; Sept. 14, 1788; David, b. March 14, 1791; Ezra, b. March 34, 1793; Sophia, 
 b. April 30, 1795; Thomas, b. Aug. 25, 1818. (Son of second wife.) 
 
 Silas, (3d gen., son of Thomas 4th, (9), b. 1780, m. Jan. 1, 1805, Polly Board- 
 man, b. June 6, 1784, (dau. of Jonas and Loraine Boardman.) He d. March 8, 
 1813. She d. Aug. 30, 1833. Their children (4th gen.) were: George, b. March 
 
 29, 1806, d. April 9, 1831; Charles, b. Oct. 27, 1807, m. 1st, Dec. 1, 1830, Martha 
 Hardy, b. Sept. 18, 1810, (dau. of Charles and Nancy H. Hardy.) She d. June 
 28, 1852. He m. 2d, June 8, 1865, Mira Bliss, b. Feb. 24, 1831. He d. Aug. 4, 
 1876. Ch. 2. Manj E., b. May 6, 1810, m. Jan. 19, 1831, Thomas B. Pike. He 
 
 d. Jan. 19, 1869. She m. 2d, Stebbins. 5 ch. Maria E' b. Jan., 1813, m. 
 
 June 2, 1832, Timothy Lyman, b. Nov. 19, 1805, (son of Timothy Lyman and 
 Ruby Beach, of Glover, Vt.), a farmer in Glover. She d. May 28, 1855. He d. 
 Dec. 12, 1883. 
 
 2. Lois (3d gen., dau. of Thomas 4th), b. Feb. 10, 1783, m. Sept. 30, 1802, Dr. 
 David Ingraham, b. March 10, 1770, (son of Jeremiah and Ruth Ingraham); she 
 d. Nov. 24, 1820; he m. 2d, Jan. 9, 1821,.Anna Bliss; she d. Jan. 20, 1828; he m. 
 3d, Mary Bliss; he d. Jan. 4, 1858, in W. Hartford, Vt.; she d. Sept. 16, 1874, in 
 Royalton, Vt. Children (4th gen.): Alandrus, b. Sept. 15, 1803; Sophia, h. June 
 1, 1806, m. Ludovicus Weld, d, 1854; Ermina, b. Sept. 27,' 1809, m. Jan. 1, 1838, 
 Wm. Newton, b. Feb. 13, 1804, (son of Sheldon Newton and Betsy Sanderson); 
 she d. AprU 37, 1837; he m. 2d, Polly Gibbs, Sept. 11, 1838, he d. Sept. 5, 1863; 
 Thomas H., b. May 38, 1813, d. March 35, 1834; Silas, b. March 31, 1815, m. 1st, 
 Sybil Morgan, Dec. 5, 1837, (dau. of Isaac and Hannah Morgan), she d. Jan. 30, 
 1849; he m. 3d, Feb. 29, 1849, Caroline Bliss; he d. Aug. 30, 1883; Lois E., b. July 
 35, 1818, m. Daniel Morgan. 
 
 3. Abigail (3d gen., dau. of Thomas 4th), b. April 26, 1785; m. Mai-ch 33, 1810, 
 John Boardman, b. Feb. 33, 1783, (son of Jonas and Loraine Boardman); she d. 
 March 10, 1851, he d. July 4, 1851. Then- children (4th gen.) were: Abigail Dut- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 439 
 
 ton, b. JaH. 1, 1813, m. April 14, 1833, Henry Cutler (son of Nathan Cutler of 
 Glover, Vt.) Eliza Jewett, b. Nov. 13, 1817, m. Aug. 30, 1837, Fordyce S. French, 
 b. Jan. 3, 1810, (son of Samuel and Mary French); she d. Sept. 18, 1848; he m. 
 2d, Feb. 33, 1849, Mai-tha Hazen, b. May 13, 1831, (dau. of David Hazen and 
 Nancy Savage); he d. Sept. 26, 1871; she d. Aug. 25, 1888, in Barton, Vt. 
 
 4. Altha (3d gen., dau. of Thomas 4th), b. Sept. 14, 1788, m. Oct. 26, 1817, 
 Amasa Dutton, b. Nov. 21, 1783, (son of Thomas Dutton and Abigail Merriam); 
 she d. Sept. 14, 1877, he d. April 1, 1863. Their children (4th gen.) were: Altha 
 Louisa, b. Jan. 5, 1819; m. Nov. 20, 1844, J. N. Kinney, d. in Cincinnati, O., July 
 2, 1853. Amasa Parmalee, b. June 24, 1830; m. Feb. 20, 1845, Mary M. Mason, 
 b. Nov. 15, 1818, (daughter of Steven Mason and Eunice Hazen), a farmer, asst. 
 judge Orleans county, etc., etc., Craftsbury, Vt. David H., b. Jan. 13, 1833; m. 
 Nov. 4, 1845, Diana H.Walbridge, b. Dec. 14, 1831. Tamesin A., b. Dec. 20, 1823; 
 m. Nov. 2, 1848, Samuel Mcintosh. Eleanor M., b. Nov. 2, 1837; d. Dec. 5, 1834. 
 Sarah P., b. Aug. 17, 1829; m. May 31, 1852, R. D. Kinney. Francis Edward, 
 b. May 4, 1833; m. Aug. 30, 1854, PoUy G. Baldwin, b. Oct. 7, 1833, (dau. of Dr. 
 Eleazer and Polly (Ladd) Baldwin.) (See Dutton family). 
 
 5. David (3d gen., son of Thomas 4th), b. March 14, 1791; m. Jan. 24, 1819, 
 Nancy Savage, b. Oct. 12, 1797, (dau. of Francis W. Savage and Abigail Hazen), 
 a farmer in West Hartford, Vt. He served an apprenticeship at the tanner's 
 
 • trade, and carried on that business in W. Hartford, Vt., for several years. A 
 few years after his marriage he bought the Francis Savage liomestead, and began 
 farming. In middle life he became very corpulent, and was unable to do mucli 
 manual labor, but by sagacious management he made his farm remunerative, 
 reared a large farhily, and at his death owed but a nominal sum on his farm 
 Mrs. Hazen was a prudent, industrious wife, and reared her daughters in an ex- 
 emplary manner. They were deft at the great and the httle spinning wheel and 
 at the loom. They worked out of doors on the farm, in cases of emei-gency. He 
 was an amateur in music; played the violincello skillfully, brought up his chil- 
 dren to sing well, and with them contributed largely toward maintaining excel- 
 lent church music in West Hartford until the time of his last illness. The chil- 
 dren of David Hazen (4th gen.) were: Martha, b. May 13, 1821; m. Feb. 22, 
 1849, Fordyce S. French of Glover, Vt.(son of Samuel and Mary French), a far- 
 mer in Glover, Vt.; he d. Sept. 26, 1871, she d. childless, Aug. 25, 1888, after a 
 protracted sickness of several years, at the home of her stepdaughter, Mrs. Ow- 
 ens, Barton, Vt. Fanny, b. Sept. 3, 1833, d. June 30, 1885, unm. Susan, b. 
 March 1, 1836; m. Aug. 29, 1849, Wm. Howard Tucker, b. June 19, 1826, (son of 
 Alvan Tucker and Abigail M. Torsey), a civil engineer, historian of Hartford, 
 Vt., resides in Hai-tford, Vt. ; ch. 4. Amanda, b. May 28, 1828; m. Sept. 15, 1851, 
 Samuel Bascom Tucker, b. May 30, 1838, (son of Alvan Tucker and Abigail M. 
 Tossey), a civU engineer, resides in Elizabeth, N. J., ch. 3, (See Tucker family). 
 Eleanor, b. May 6, 1833, d. May 6, 1834. Harriet, b. Aug. 8, 1834; m. Harvey 
 Lesure, no children. Whitmore D., b. Aug. 13, 1838; m. July 31, 1860, Martha 
 Hummer, Goflstown, N. H. Ermina, b. Oct., 1843, d. May 15, 1843. 
 
 6. Ezra Hazen (3d gen., son of Thomas 4th). b. Mai-ch 34, 1793; m. April 6, 
 1816, Nancy Bachelder, b. Deo. 10, 1795, (dau. of Jethro Baohelder of Strafford, 
 Vt.), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. ; he d. Aug. 17, 1868, she d. June 6, 1863. Their 
 
440 HISTOEY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 children (4th gen.) were: Eliza, b. April 12, 1817; m. June 17, 1841, Charles 
 S. Brown, b. AprU 28, 1813, (son of Moses and Keziah (KambaU) Brown); he d. 
 Feb. 13, 1867, she d. March 4, 1888; their childi-en were: EUzabeth, b. Oct., 1843, 
 d. Oct., 1850; John H., b. Feb. 25, 1845. Moses E., b. Jan. 5, 1847. Leonard, b. 
 May 4, 1819; m. Jan. 13, 1842, Lois Crandall, b. Dec. 8, 1820, (dau. of Joseph 
 Crandall and Abigail Fuller), a farmer on the old Hazen homestead; oh. 2, Wm. 
 E. and Ella. 
 
 7. Sophia (3d gen.-, dau. of Thomas 4th), b. April 20, 1795; m. Feb. 25, 1822, 
 Dr. Ira Tenney, b. Jan. 28, 1794, (son of Eeuben Tenney and Eebecca Hopson); 
 he d. Jan. 8, 1842, in West Hartford, she d. March 10, 1880, in Newbury, Vt. 
 Theu- children (4th gen.) were: Emily, b. Jan. 81, 1827; m. April 14, 1851, Dr. 
 E. Virgil Watkins, b. May 11, 1823, (son of Miner Watkins and Anna Barr); he 
 d. Dec. 18, 1888, in Newbury, Vt., a prominent practitioner in Vermont and 
 New Hampshire. George, b. Sept. 6, 1830, d. Aug. 16, 1852, unm. Lois, b. Aug. 
 15, 1835, d. April 24, 1884, unm. 
 
 8. Thomas G., (3d. gen., Thomas 4th, son of 2d wife), b. Aug. 25, 1815; m. Nov. 
 4, 1841, Asenath Mills (dau. of Isaac Mills and Asenath Merrill), a physician in 
 New Hartford, Ct.; he d. Sept. 21, 1875; his widow resides in New Hartford, Ct.; 
 Ch. : Ellen Josephine, Georgia Anna. 
 
 10. SOLOMON HAZEN (2d gen., son of Thomas 3d),, b. Nov. 24, 1759; m. Dec. 
 17, 1780, Theodora Pease, b. March 28, 1762, (dau. of Christopher and Hannah 
 Pease); she d. March 21, 1827; he m. 2d, Widow Sarah Kilburn of Strafford, Vt.; 
 he d. July, 1847. His chUdren (3d gen.) all the issue of his first marriage, were: 
 Lyman, b. Jan. 21, 1782, d. Jan. 23, 1782; Reuben, h. Feb. 18, 1788; Clarissa, b. 
 Nov. 19, 1784; Hannah, b. Nov. 1, 1786, d. Sept. 2, 1788; Solomon Jr., b. Aug. 
 22, 1788; Lyman, b. March 14, 1790; Alvin, b. Aug. 28, 1872; Zavan, b. June 19, 
 1796; Norman, b, Oct. 20, 1808. 
 
 2. Reuben 3d, (3d gen., son of Solomon (10), b. 1783; m. Nov. 16, 1806, Far- 
 thena Wilson, b. 1792, (dau. of — WUsonandSaUy (Wheeler) Wilson); he. d. April 
 1, 1858, his wife d. April 21, 1852. Their children (4th gen.) were: Myron,h. Feb. 
 24, 1808; Melvin, h. Sept. 4, 1809; m. Nov. 1, 1848, Abigail Brockway, b. July 25, 
 1807, (dau. of Wm. E. and Anna (Briggs) Brockway of Haitford); he d. June 12, 
 1876; children, 4. Sanford, b. July 10, 1811; m. April 7, 1840, Sarah Wood, b. 
 Aug. 14, 1818, (dau. of Henry G. Wood and Betsy Gerrish). Edmund, b. April 
 12, 1813. Minerva, b. AprU 4, 1815; m. May 14, 1833, Paschal Hatch, b. Sept. 24, 
 1806, (son of Benj. and Susan (Dutton) Hatch); she d. Jan., 1886. Willard, b. 
 April 13, 1817; m. April, 1875, Maria Eastman of Manchester, N. H. Celinda, b. 
 March 11, 1819, d. April 28, 1874, unm. Orvis W., b,. Jan. 26, 1821; m. Jan. 12, 
 1852, Caroline French, b. Aug. 18, 1825, (dau. of Jacob French and Matilda Pal- 
 mer); he d. April 21, 1887. Charles R., b. March 4, 1883; m. Aug. 5, 1866, Fan- 
 nie H. Titus (dau. of Simeon B. and Ehza J. (Morris) Titus of Vershire, Vt; their 
 cluldren (5th gen.): Martha D., b. May 12, 1868; Edward E., b. Aug. 3, 1872, d. 
 in infancy; Elbert T., b. July 6, 1874, d. in infancy; Rosooe E., b. June 5, 1877; 
 Sophia, b. June 35, 1834; Simon Peter, b. June 4, 1826, d. Aug. 30, 1827; Parthe- 
 na, b. March 15, 1828, d. Nov. 28, 1829; James, b. May 1, 1887, d. April 6, 1838. 
 
 3. Clarissa, (dau. of Soloinon (10), b. Nov. 19, 1784. (Nothuig further ob- 
 tainable.) 
 
HISTORY OF HAETFORD. 441 
 
 5. Solomon Hazen 3d (son of Solomon (10), b. Aug. 33, 1788; m. Dec. 33, 1813, 
 Deborah Fuller, b. Jan. 8, 1793 (dau. of Seth Fuller and OHve Dutton); a farmer 
 in Hartford. He d. Oct. 39, 1834; she d. Jan. 4, 1858. Their children (4th gen.) 
 were: Norman, b. Sept. 7, 1814; m. Sept. 14, 1845, Martha Vose, b. Oct. 33, 1815 
 (dau. of Hon. John Vose and Lydia Webster). He d. Feb. 13, 1853. (See D. C. 
 Alumni, 1840.) Children (5th gen.) Mary Webster, b. Sept. 14, 1846; Wm. N., 
 b. Feb. 13, 1849; both d. in Royalton, Mass., Feb., 1850. Prof. John Vose Hazen, 
 b. Nov. 33, 1850; graduate, 0. S. D., Dart. Col., 1875. After leaving the Scien- 
 tific Department he entei'ed the Thayer school, graduating the following May. 
 In the fall of 1876 he was eraployed on the Manchester & Keene Railroad as as- 
 sistant division engineer in Hancock. In November the road suspended oper- 
 ations, and he returned home. February, 1877, found him teaching the high 
 school at Hancock. When the term closed he went into the office of D. H. An- 
 drews, Boston, Mass., as draughtsman; he I'emained in this position until the 
 last of August, when he returned home to Atkinson, N. H., to take charge of 
 the academy. In September, 1878, he accepted the position of Tutor of Mathe- 
 matics in the Chandler Scientific Department, Dart. Col. In June, 1880, he was 
 elected Professor of Theoretical and AppUed Mathematics and Instructor of 
 Civil Engineering m the C. S. D. , which position he has since held. January 30, 
 1881, he was married to Miss Harriet Augusta Hurlburt, of Hanover, N. H. 
 They have two children, a daughter bom December 11, 1883; a daughter born 
 April 11, 1887. Carlton.D., b. June 1, 1816; m. Oct. 33, 1839, Frances E. Stiles, 
 b. Sept. 38, 1819 (dau. of Joseph Stiles and Jemima Sawyer), a farmer in Hart- 
 ford, Vt. Lives now (1888) in Greely, Colorado. Children (5th gen.): Norman 
 F., b. Sept. 5, 1840; m. Nov. 7, 1865, Mary Aiken, b. Apr. 11, 1846 (dau. of M. 
 Aiken and Chloe Mix); clerk of State Board of Land Commissioners, Colorado; 
 3 ch. Frances J., b. May 4, 1847; d. Sept. 8, 1847. Emma J., b. Mch. 6, 1849; 
 m. June 30, 1870, Ronaldo B. Harrington, b. Mch. 17, 1845 (son of Eli Harrington 
 and Mary A. Barron); children, 3. Theodora, b. May 5. 1863; m. Nov. 33, 1883, 
 
 "Edward K. Packard, b. Apr. 17, 1858 (son of A. K. Packard and Caroline M. 
 Carleton); ch. 3. Edward, b. July 5, 1818; m. Aug. 34, 1844, Sarali F. Tilden, 
 b. Jan. 33, 1836 (dau. of Josiah Tilden and Susannah Clark); ch. (5th gen.): 
 Susan D. b. Mch. 39, 1846; m. Aug. 35, 1875; ch. 2. Geo. E. b. May 18, 1849; m. 
 Jan. 15, 1878, Hattie Loveland, b. Feb. 3, 1854 (dau. of George Loveland and 
 Ruby Hatch); no childi-en. Perley F., b. July 11, 1854; m. April 14, 1881, Min- 
 nie F. Baker, b. April 39, 1857 (dau. of Andrew O. Baker and Pamela S. Deni- 
 son, of Hartfotd, Vt.); no children. 
 
 6. Lyman Hazen (3d gen., son of Solomon (10), b. Mch. 14, 1870; m. Aug. 11, 
 1815, Polly Ingraham; she d. in 1836. He m. 3d, Mch. 9, 1831, Mrs. Betsy (How- 
 ard) Dana, b. May 34, 1803 (dau. of Adam and Polly Howard; a manufacturer of 
 rakes in Pomfret. Vt. His children by his first wife were: Horace, Zibos and 
 Martin. No response to letters of inquiry concerning children by 2d wife, ex- 
 cepting the following: " Mary EmUy, married John Dorby of Newburgh, Ind.; 
 died there and has a daugliter there, Mrs. Albert Au-shire. EUen Matilda, 
 married, first, a Campbell, second, Neal Huntoon, of Hartford, Vt., in 1870; 
 died Feb. 1, 1883, aged 45, minus 13 days. Had one son by first marriage, who 
 lives in W^yoming Ter. Jane Maria, married Edgar Harrington, Pomfret, Vt. 
 Myra Betsy, b. Jan. 30, 1848, m. Sept. 33, 1867, William Vaughan, who d. Oct. 
 13, 1873. They had one child, Emma H., b. Aug. 38, 1869." 
 
443 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 7. ALVAn, (3d gen., son of Solomon (10), b. Aug. 38, 1793, m. Oct. 31, 1818, 
 Julia M. Gibbs, b. April 6, 1795, (dau. of Harvey Gibbs and Mary Bartholomew,) 
 a farmer in Hai-tford. He d. Aug. 13, 1873. She d. Jan. 35, 1887. No children. 
 
 8. Zavan, (3d gen., son of Solomon (10), b. June 19, 1796, m. Sept. 38, 1818, 
 
 Abigail P. Patterson, b. March 36, 1797, (dau. of Patterson and Lucy Smith 
 
 of Henniker, N. H. ,) a mechanic. Lived in W. Hartford till about 1845. Re- 
 moved to Newburgh, Ind., thence to Evansville, Ind., where he d. Dec. 36, 1874. 
 She d. in Newburgh, Ind., Feb. 9, 1870. He served in the war of 1813, for which 
 he received a pension. (4th gen.) children of Zavan (8), Son, b. July 14, 1819, d. 
 
 young; Robert Smith, b. Oct. 31, 1830, m. Barbara d. in Sacramento, 
 
 Cal., Nov. 1, 1850; Albert, b. Nov. 3, 1833, m. Dec. 6, 1846, Eliza Ann Roberts; 
 Theodora, b. April 3, 1834, m. 1st, March 30, 1848, Henry Cappellar. He d. in 
 LouisviUe, Ky., Aug. 16, 1849. She m. 3d, Nov. 3, 1853, Dr. R. C. Slaughter, 
 (son of R. C. Slaughter.) Ch. 4. Dyer B., b. Mai-ch 36, 1837, m. 1st, Oct. 10, 
 1849, Minerva Jane Lull. She d. in Newburgh, Ind., Nov. 34, 1855. He m. 3d, 
 Oct. 8, 1857, Elizabeth Selby. Ch. 11. Lucy Maria, b. May 13, 1839, d. in W. 
 Hartford, Vt., Oct. 9, 1834; Honier Zavan, b. Feb. 33, 1834, d. in Newburgh 
 Ind., July 3, 1846; Lucij Maria .2nd, b. Feb. 3, 1836, m. Frankhn C. Bethell. 
 No issue. Norman, d. young. 
 
 11. DANIEL HAZEN(3dgen.,sonof Thomas 3d), b. July 17, 1761, m. Feb. 35, 
 1789, Olive Bartholomew, b. Nov. 7, 1759, (dau. of Noah Bartholomew and Mabel 
 Parmely.) He d. Nov. 33, 1814. She d. April 9, 1845. (3d gen.) cliildren of 
 Daniel (11): Anson, b. Feb. 6, 1790, d. next day; Jasper, b. Dec. 3, 1790; Laura, 
 b. April 35, 1793; Daniel, 3d, b. June 5, 1795; Noah B., b. Aug. 5, 1797. 
 
 3. Jasper (Bd gen., son of Daniel (11), b. Dec. 3, 1790; m. Nov. 11, 1813, Abigail 
 C. Thomas, b. June 10, 1793, (dau. of Elias Thomas and Sylva Thompson.) He 
 d. March 39, 1883. She d. Dec. 39, 1878. Mr. Hazen was the founder of the 
 Christain Church in Woodstock, Vt. , about 1807, and was its pastor for thirty-five 
 years, until called to Albany, N. Y. He was succeeded by his son-in-law. Rev. 
 Moses Kadder, who has been pastor of the church for forty-five years, and during 
 that time "has married 1100 couples, and attended 3300 funerals," (to July, 
 1888.) (4th gen.) Children of Jasper: Ursida, b. Oct. 36, 1814, m. Dec. 8, 1843, 
 Lorenzo Richmond, (son of Ebenezer Richmond and Abigail Walker), b. Aug. 
 16, 1806; Daniel T., b. Oct. 31, 1816, m. 1843, Hannah E. Webster, b. Jan. 31, 
 1833; Edivin, b. Oct. 35, 1818, m. July 6, 1843, Ann J. H. Page, b. Feb. 10, 
 1833, (dau. of Guardian Page and Pluma McKenstrie); Jasper, Jr., b. Dec. 31, 
 1830, m. July 3d, 1848, Achsah Cone, b. Oct. 81, 1833, (dau. of Morris and Lydia 
 (Farrington) Cone.) She d. March 11, 1888; Laura W., b. Sept. 80, 1833, m. 
 Aug. 39, 1844, Rev. Moses Kidder, b. Nov. 14, 1817; Jacob T., b. Dec. 4, 1834, m. 
 Sept. 35, 1855, Emma C. Hazen, b. March 33, 1837, (dau. of Daniel Hazen, 3d., 
 and Hannah Bliss); Olive M., b. Nov. 33, 1836, m. Dec, 1845, Geo. E. Guernsay, 
 M. D., b. Jan. 37, 1833; Abigail T. H., b. July 34, 1839, d. Mai-oh 16, 1833; 
 Noah B.,h. Nov. 31, 1833, d. Oct. 31, 1854. 
 
 3. Laura (3d gen., dau. of Daniel (11), b. April 35, 1798; m. May 7, 1811, 
 Philo Sprague, d. March 38, 1 877. (See family record of Philo Sprague). 
 
 8. Daniel 3d (3d gen., son of Daniel (11), b. June 5, 1795; in. Dec. 3, 1834, 
 Hanna C. Bliss, b. Jan. 9, 1803, (dau. of Samuel Bliss and Sarah); he d. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. US 
 
 , Oct. 34, 1874, she d. March 13, 1873. The children of Daniel 4th (4th gen.) were: 
 Emma C, b. Mch. 33, 1837; m. Sept. 35, 1855, Jacob T. Hazen, b.- Dec. 4, 1834, 
 (son of Jasper Hazen and Abigail C. Thomas), his cousin. Marcia E., b. March, 
 1834, d. 1883, unm. Maria 8., b. Sept. 30, 1838, d. Feb. 9, 1859, unm. Daniel 
 B., b. Dec. 6, 1835, d. June 1, 1849. Noah B., b. April 3, 1841;- m. Alice S. Dut- 
 ton, b. Sept. 10, 1845), dau. of John Dutton and EmUy Hazen). 
 
 5. Noah B., (3d gen., son of Daniel (11) b. Aug. 5, 1797, died in parts unknown 
 to his relatives. Children (4th gen.): Octava, b. April 17, 1834, d. March 15, 
 
 1836. Abbey J., b. ; m. May 15, 1860, Dr. Chas. M. Chandler, b. July 1, 
 
 1837, (son of Dr. Charles B. and Nancy A. (Horton) Chandler of MontpeUer, Vt.; 
 he settled as doctor in So. Strafford, Vt.; went, Oct. 19, 1861, as surgeon to the 
 6th Vt. Regt.; was surgeon-in-chief to Vt. Brigade; was in battles of Lee's 
 Mills, Williamsburg, Fredericksburg, 3d Bull Run, etc. ; returned home in Oct. , 
 1863; had charge of military hospital in Montpeher in 1865; has been president 
 of the Vermont Medical Society. He d. in Montpeher, March 19, 1889. 
 
 13. ANNA (3d gen., dau. of Thomas 3d), b. Feb. 17, 1763; d. Sept. 80, 1765. 
 
 13. EUNICE (3d gen., daughter of Thomas Hazen 3d), b. Jan. 30, 1765; m. May 
 30, 1785, Wm. Hxley; he d. May 37, 1836, she d. March 14, 1837; no issue. 
 
 14. PHILEMON HAZEN (3d gen., son of Thomas Hazen 3d) b. Nov. 16, 1766 
 m. Jan. 31, 1793, Eunice Marsh, b. Sept. 7, 1770, (dau. of John and Sarah 
 (Hammond) Marsh, a farmer in Hartford, Vt. He was a very active and useful 
 citizen; weis four years, 1766-69, one of the selectmen of the town; and, at va- 
 rious times, held other town offices. He d. Dec.l9, 1845; she d. Jan. 9, 1833. 
 Their children (3d gen.) were: FranMin, b. April 5, 1794; Elijah, b. April 1, 
 1796; Eunice, b. June 10, 1799; Julius, b. March 6, 1801; Anna, b. May 13, 1803; 
 Perces, b. Feb, 19, 1805, d. Aug. 12, 1806; Albert, b. May 20, 1810, d. April 25, 
 1832. 
 
 1. Franklin (3d gen., son of Philemon (14), b. 1794; m. Jan. 24, 1831, Amy 
 Smith (dau. of Sylvanus and Amy (Sprague) Smith), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. ; 
 he d. Oct. 3, 1830, she d. Dec. 36, 1841. Their children (4th gen.) were: Azro, 
 b. Nov. 7, 1833; m. Elizabeth Parmely; d. July 31, 1887, in El Paso, 111. Susan, 
 b. Sept. 31, 1835; m. Jan. 8, 1853, Fred T. Waite; d. Aug. 13, 1883. Franklin S., 
 b. March 18, 1831; m. Melvina C. Howard, b. July 8, 1834, (dau. of Seth and 
 Ehza (Lamberton) Howard Of Pomfret, Vt.); he committed suicide by hanging 
 himself, Oct. 7, 1879; she m. 3d, Fred T. Waite of El Paso, 111., Feb. 5, 1885. 
 
 2. Elijah ^3d gen., son of Philemon (14), b. 1796; m. March 8, 1823, Rhoda 
 Savage, b. Sept. 1, 1800, (dau. of Seth and Rhoda (Bacon) Savage), a farmer in 
 Hartford; she d. June 11, 1849; he d. May 11, 1887. Their children (4th gen.) 
 were: Nelson,h. May 14, 1823; m. Sept. 22, 1853, Sarah L. Newton, b. March 
 16, 1839, (dau. of Truman and Eunice (Wilson) Newton, a farmer in Hartford; 
 he d. Feb. 13, 1884; she lives in Hartford. 
 
 3. Eunice (3d gen., dau. of Philemon (14), (b. June 10, 1799; m. June 10, 1830, 
 Marvin Dutton, b. Nov. 30, 1799, (son of David Benedict and Lorana (Smith) 
 Dutton), a farmer in Stowe, Vt. Children of Marvin Dutton (4th gen.): Susan 
 R., b. June 37, 1833; m. April 4, 1865, Frank Robinson; 1 ch. Louisa M., b. June 
 33, 1833, d. Sept., 1840. Elvira F., b. April 19, 1835; m. June 37, 1867, Lester B. 
 
444 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Barton; ch. 4. Almira M., b. Jan. 18, 1838; m. Sept. 5, 1865, Theodore S. Bar- 
 ton; he d. Feb. 11, 1888; 3 ch. Ann S., b. May 18, 1840; m. May 8, 1861, Joseph 
 W. Adams; ch. 3. 
 
 4. Julius Hazein, (3d gen., son of Philemon (14) b. March 16, 1801; m. 1st, 
 June 14, 1825, Maria M. Button, b. Oct. 12, 1805, (dau, of David Dutton and 
 Experience Hartshorn). She d. Oct. 1, 1830. He m. 8d, Jan. 26, 1831, Sophrana 
 Dutton, b. 1807, a sister of his first wife. She d. Nov. 1, 1845. Hem. 3d, April 
 7, 1846, Susan Dutton, b. 1811, a sister of his two former wives. She d. July 11, 
 1873. He m. 4th, Oct. 5, 1873, Mrs. Mary Ann (Dutton) widow of Columbus U. 
 Ti-acy, b. Sept. 30, 1817, (dau. of Silas Dutton and Hepzibah Black). He d. Jan. 
 30, 1812, a farmer in Hartford, Vt. (4th gen.) Children of Julius (4), first mar- 
 Tiage: Francis M., b. May 8, 1826, d. May 35, 1836; Maria Adeline, b. Dec. 6, 
 1827, m. Jan. 3, 1866, Charles Clifford. He d. March 2, 1879. Ch. 2. George 
 T., b. Nov. 7, 1>'29, m. 1st, June 6, 1855, Ellen E. Fisk, b. Oct. 18, 1835, (dau. of 
 Nathan Fisk and Vinai Wheatly). She d. June 18, 1859. Hem. 2d, Mary G. 
 Walbridge, b. Jan. 27, 1834, (dau. of Amos Walbridge and Susan Perry). She 
 d. Dec. 19, 1869. He m. 3d, Oct. 10, 1870, Maria S. Gillett, b. July 2, 1844, (dau. 
 of Nathan Gillett and Cornelia Dutton); a farmer in Hartford, Vt. Childi-en 6. 
 Children of Julius, second marriage: Henry, b. Oct. 30, 1831. Living in Hart- 
 ford, unm. Harper T., b. Dec. 33, 1833, m. Nov. 3, 1870, Ursula Dutton, b. May 
 19, 1843, (dau. of Thaddeus Dutton and Emily Sprague), a farmer in Hartford, 
 Tt. Ch. 3. DauidX)., b. Feb. 5, 1836, m. June 5, 1863, Ada T. Dutton, b. Aug. 
 9, 1839, 'dau. of Elias C. Dutton and Sarah Bliss), a farmer in Hartford. Ch. 5. 
 Albert E., b. April 1, 1842, m. May 15, 1867, EUa J. WUliamson, b. March 7, 
 1848, (dau. of A. E. Williamson and Martha Scott \ a produce dealer in Hartford, 
 Tt. Ch. 2. Julius M, b. March 25, 1849, d. April 20, 1873, unm; Susan, b. AprU 
 7, 1855, d. Feb. 4, 1874, unm. 
 
 5. Anna Hazen, (3d gen., dau. of PhUemon (14) b. May 12, 1803, m. Dec. 31, 
 1831, Oramel H. Nichols, from whom she parted after a few years. She d. Nov. 
 11, 1888. Their children, (4th gen.) were: Albert, b. Dec. 2, 1822, m. Aug. 31, 
 1852, Delia A. Tisdale; Almira, b. Aug. 17, 1834; Maria, b. Feb. 23, 1838, 
 m. 1856, Woodbridge Watson. She d. March, 1862. 
 
 6. Pehsis HAZEN,(3dgen., dau. of Philemon (14) b. Feb. 19, 1805, d. Aug. 12, 1806. 
 
 7. Albert Hazen, (3d gen. , son of PhUemon (14) b.May 20, 1810, d. April 25, 1822. 
 
 15. REUBEN HAZEN (3d gen., son of Thomas 3d), b. April 7, 1768, m'. April 
 15. 1790, Lucretia Noble, b. 1771, (dau. of Shadrach and Lucy Noble). She d. 
 Dec. 1, 1823. He m. 2d, Mrs. Mariam Jackman. He d. June 18, 1852. She d. 
 Julys, 1860. (3d. gen.) Children of Reuben (15): Simeon, b. Jan. 6, 1791, d. 
 Jan. 8, 1791 ; Stillman, b. Aug. 3, 1792 ; Luna, b. Oct. 10, 1794, d. Oct. 17, 1796 ; 
 Anna, b. Dec. 31, 1797, d. Oct. 17, 1798 ; Lucretia, b, Oct. 34, 1799, d. Sept. -24, 
 1802 ; .Lucy, b. July 27, 1807, d. March 20, 1808 ; Reuben Noble, b. March 24, 1809. 
 
 3. Stillman, (3d gen.) b. Aug. 3, 1793, m. Oct. 1, 1815, Sophrona Fenno, b. 
 Sept. 15, 1796, (dau. of Lazarus Fenno), a farmer in West Hai-tford until 1833, 
 when he moved to Hiram, O., where he d. of old age, Jan. 12, 1880. She d. 
 Sept. 23, 1864. Children of Stillman (2), (4th gen.): Lucy Ann, b. Sept. 16, 
 1816, m. 1st, Dec. 25, 1856, Wm. Garfield, of Boston, Michigan, b. Aug. 12, 1813, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 445 
 
 in Vt. He d. March 31, 1857. She m. 2d, July, 1858, Isaac W. Smith, b. 1809, 
 d. July 10, 1875, in Tallyi-and, la. She d. Nov. 39, 1863. Reuben Whitmore, 
 b. West Hartford, Vt., April 9, 1830, m. 1st, March 1, 1844, Amanda P. AUen, b. 
 Feb. 13, 1833, (dau. of Amos and Minerva Allen of Bracefield, O.) She d. Aug. 
 31,1853. He m. 3d, April 3, 1853, Mrs. Harriet E. Davis, of Kingsman, O. , b. 
 Jan. 13, 1839. He moved to Hu-am, O., in 1833; removed to Fremont, Nebraska, 
 May, 1858, is still there. Ch. by 1st m. 3, by 3d m. 6. Emeline L., b. Aug. 39, 
 1831. Resides in Hiram, O., unm; Fannie M., b. Jan. 1, 1834, in West Hartford, 
 moved to Hu-am, O., Sept., 1841, and there d. May 11, 1843, m. Josiah P. Hib- 
 bard. Ch. 1. ' Gen. Wm. B., b. W. Hartford, Vt., Sept. 37, 1830. (See bio- 
 graphical sketches). Ch. 3. George S., b. in Hiram, O., Sept. 17, 1838, m. Sept. 
 17, 18q8, Pauline, (dau. of Horace and Pauline Samson, of Troy, N. Y.,) b. April 
 6, 1839, in Washington, D. C. She d. Jan. 17, 1871. He served in the rebellion 
 as Sergeant 4th Battery, Ohio Volunteer Artillery, Oct. 11, 1861, promoted to 
 3d Lieut., Sept. 10, 1862, and to 1st Lieut., Dec. 5. 1862. Ch: Anges, b. Dec. 16, 
 1860; Grace E., b. Oct. 17, 1866. 
 
 7. Reuben Noble Hazen, (3d gen), b. March 34, 1809, m. Dec. 31, 1839, Isa- 
 bella Hoit. Went West. 
 
 16. ANN HAZEN (dau. of Thos. Hazen 3d), b. Feb. 31, 1771 ; m. Mch. 10, 1791, 
 Henry Burton, b. July 16, 1759 (son of Stephen Burton and Anna Pierce); a 
 farmer in Norwich, Vt.; he d. Sept. 1, 1841; she d. Apr. 31, 1859. 
 
 Children op Henry Burton. (3d Qen.) 
 
 Anna Burton, b. Jan. 6, 1793. Cynthia Burton, b. Aug. 13, 1799. 
 
 Henry S. Burton, b. Feb. 19, 1793. Alonzo Burton, b. May 11, 1804. 
 
 Elijah H. Burton, b. Nov. 6, 1795. Susan Burton, b. Nov. 3, 1805. 
 
 Asa Burton, b. July 19, 1797. ' Caroline Burton, b. Aug. 15, 1807. 
 
 Alonzo, b. June 9, 1809. 
 
 1. Anna Burton (3d gen.), b. Jan. 6, 1793; m. Apr. 8, 1815, Ralph Waterman, 
 b. Oct. 38, 1791 (son of Daniel Waterman and Haimah Fellows); a farmer in 
 Norwich. She d. Mch. 4, 1875. 
 
 Theu- chhdren were: Annette H., b. Jan. 3, 1816; m. 1st, Oct. 31, 1838, 
 Curtis Hatch; b. Dec. 23, 1810 (grandson of Capt. Benjamin Hatch and Susan 
 Dutton, of Norwich, Vt.) He d. May 13, 1863; she m. 3d, Aug. 38, 1866, Royal 
 Taylor, b. in Middlefield, Mass. (son of Samuel Taylor, who was the first white 
 child born in Pitsfield, Mass., and a lineal descendant of Rowland Taylor, who 
 was burned at the stake in Hatfield, Eng., Feb. 9, 1555, and Sarah Jagger. 
 Thomas Tracy, b. Jan. 23, 1818; m. Sept. 18, 1841, Sarah F. Peacock. They had 
 only one child: Frank Waterman. Asa Burton b. Dec. 38, 1819; m. Mch. 3, 
 
 ' Henry E , (whose name was changed to Hazen) b. Nov. 3, 1840, W. Hartford, 
 Vt. Studied at Hiram and Kenyon colleges, C, till he was 17; moved to Texas 
 and staid till 1 861 Served in rebellion with troops in the field, held several com- 
 missions— appointed 2d Lieut., Aug. 5, 1861, Brevet ist Lieut., for gallantand meri- 
 torious service in Peninsula campaign, July 4, 1862; 1st Lieut., Oct. 3, 1864; Bre- 
 vet Capt., Dec. 30, 1864, for gallant service at battle of Frederickburgh, Va. ; Capt., 
 Feb. .18, 1869. Died in Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 14, 1869. 
 
446 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 1850, Cornelia Sheldon. Four children; two sons living, Newton S. and Dwight; 
 two d. young. Harriet, b. Mch. 22, 1822; d. Feb. 22, 1823. Alcmzo, b. Dec. 1, 
 1833; m. Mch. 11, 1850, Fidelia Badger, a granddaughter of B«v. Joseph Badger, 
 one of the earliest missionaries to the country northwest of the Ohio River. Two 
 children, Hebert and Ada. Henry, b. May 3, 1826; m. Sept. 17, 1850, Isabella 
 Townshend, of Norwich, Vt. They have seven children: Charles, Myron A. 
 Isabella, Carrie, William, Frank and Dennis. Hdrvey, b. June 8, 1828; m. Apr. 
 16, 1867, Ellen J. Hatch. Two children: Custis H. and Anna B. Andrew, h. 
 Oct. 21, 1830; m. 1858, Anna Bu-dseU, of Ravenna, O.; m. 3d, Oct. 8, 1866, Mrs. 
 Jane Beach. Two children: Annette and NeUie. Infant, b. Deo. 17, 1831; lived 
 only three days. 
 
 2. Henky Smith Burton (8d gen.), b. Feb. 19,1793; m. Dec. 37, 1821, Laura 
 Baxter (dau. of Ira Baxter); a farmer in Norwich, Vt. He d. Nov. 5, 1883. 
 Their children (4th gen.) were: Caroline 0., h. Sept. 8, 1834; m. Henry Burton, 
 son of Asa Burton of Norwich, Vt. Henry Carlton, b. Aug. 22, 1835; m. Aug. 
 18, 1859, Martha H. Waterman, b. Mch. 3, 1840 (dau. of Harvey H. and Diana 
 (Johnson) Waterman. She d. about 1866. He m. 2d, Nov. 18, 1867, Edna Slack, 
 dau. of Prosper Slack, of Norwich, Vt. Ira, b. Mch. 8, 1837; m. Sept. 1, 1859, 
 Emily D. Waterman, b. Sept, 17. 1837 (dau. of Harry H. Waterman and Diana 
 Johnson); children 3. 
 
 3. Elijah H. (3d gen.) b. Nov. 6, 1795; m. 1st; about 1835, Rachel Sprague (dau. 
 of Daniel Sprague); shed. Sept. 5, 1837. Hem. 3d, Mch. 4, 1843, LucyB. Lawton, 
 b. Mch. 3, 1819 (dau. of Geo. Lawton and.Fannie Bailey). He was accidentally 
 killed, Nov. 2, 1847, while standing, with several other persons, on a bridge near 
 the present residence of Geo. H. Savage, watching the process of blasting rock 
 in a cutting on the line of the Vt. Central R. R'y- He was struck by a rock 
 which took ofi the top of his head, from which death shortly ensued. He left 
 one child, Lucy A., b. July 10, 1845. 
 
 4. Asa (3d gen.) b. July 19, 1797. 
 
 5. Cynthia (3d gen), b. Aug. 13, 1799; m. Feb. 16, 1836, Timothy Hutchinson, 
 b. Sept. 8, 1798, (son of Sam'l Hutchinson & Hannah Burr), farmer in Norwich, Vt. 
 He d. April 30, 1880, she d. Jan. 89, 1866. Children (4th gen.): Hannah, b. Feb. 
 31, 1827, d. Mai-ch 33,' 1837. Frederick H., b. April 38, 1838. Franklin, b. Sept. 
 28, 1830. William, b. March 8, 1835, d. Aug. 35, 1835. William, b. July 31, 1836. 
 Aloneo B., b. Feb. 31, 1838, d. April 23, 1869. LvAilla C, b. May 3, 1840. Austin, 
 b. Aug. 9, 1843. 
 
 6. Alonzo (3d gen.) b. May 11, 1804. 
 
 7. Susannah (3d gen.) b. Nov. 3, 1805, d. Oct. 5, 1883, unm. 
 
 8. Caroline (3d gen.), b. Aug. 15, 1807; m. Sept. 38, 1841, Samuel Goddard, 
 b. June 11, 1808, (son of Rev. Samuel Goddard and Abigail Goddard), a farmer 
 m Norwich, Vt. He d. Aug. 13, 1879; she d. July 37, 1886. Children (4th gen.): 
 Infant daughter. Henry S., b. July 4, 1844; m. Nov. 29, 1866, Sarah A. Folsom, 
 to. Sept. 28, 1844, (dau. of James Folsom and Mary Butters), a farmer in Norwich, 
 Vt. 
 
 ,9. Alonzo (3d gen.), b. June 9, 1809; living in Iowa. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 447 
 
 THE LEAVITT FAMILY." 
 
 Freegrace Leavitt, b. inSuffleld, Ct., Jan. 16, 1764; m. Bee. 39, 1788, Jeru- 
 sha Loomis, b. in Suffleld, Ct., Aug. 14, 1770. He moved from Suffield, Ct., to 
 Hanover, N. H., Feb. 20, 1789, and removed from Hanover to Hartford, Jan. 4, 
 1794. He settled at the Centre of the town, and there resided the remainder of 
 his Ufe. He d. April 9, 1843; the date of the death of his wife is not a matter of 
 record in Hartford. 
 
 Their first child, Jerusha Leavitt, b. in Hanover, N. H., Dec. 19, 1789; m. 
 Nov. 8, 1807, Dr. Dan Wriglit, b. Sept. 26, 1777, (son of Maj. David and Hannah 
 (Bailey) Wright), a physician in Hartford. He d. Deo. 20, 1846; she d. Jan. 37, 
 1878. 
 
 Arabella, their second cliild, was b. in Hanover, July 15, 1793. 
 
 Harvey F., their tliird child, was born m Hartford, Dec. 1, 1796. (See Bio- 
 graphical Sketches). 
 
 Freegrace Leavitt was chosen town clerk of Hartford in 1803, and held the 
 office continuously until March, 1837. He was a farmer, and hotel-keeper, and 
 was also for several years associated with Hoi'ace Cooley and M. King in the 
 business of distUling whiskey. He lived on the place now the residence of Mr. 
 Oliver Tewksbury, which is a short distance easterly of the old meeting-house at 
 the Centre of the tovim. He was one of the selectmen of the town 1820-31; 1832- 
 33. 
 
 THE LYMAN FAMILY. 
 
 In another poi'tion of tliis work tlie i-eader will find a biogAphical sketch of 
 EUas Lyman 3d. Tlie following record of his family is contributed by his grand 
 daughter, Miss Louise Lyman: 
 
 Elias Lyman 3d, b. in Northampton, Mass., Feb. 23, 1768; m. Dec. 30, 1790, 
 Anna White, b. in Hatfield, Mass., Dec. 14, 1772. He d. Nov. 33, 1830; she d. 
 Feb. 11, 1844. Children: Lewis (m. Mary Blake Bruce of Boston) b. in Hatfield, 
 Mass., Dec. 17, 1791; d. in Hartford, Vt., Jan. 39, 1837. Fanny (m. Charles 
 Dodd), b. in Weathersfield, Vt., Aug. 36, 1793; d. Feb. 36, 1816. Normand (m. 
 Elizabeth Walker, Providence, R. I.), b. in Weathersfield, Vt., Feb. 33, 1795; d. 
 Feb. 16, 1865. Wyllys (m. Sarah Marsh, Woodstock, Vt.), b. in Hartford, Vt., 
 May 5, 1797; d. Dec. 1, 1863. Sarah, his wife, d. Sept. 1, 1841. Anna{xa.. 
 Charles Dodd; after his decease m. Dr. Spaulding), b. in Hartford, Vt., Nov. 18, 
 1798; d. Dec. 11, 1856. Elias 4 (m. Cornelia Hall, Troy, N. Y.), b. in Hartford, 
 Vt., July 8, 1800; d. Sept. 5, .1870. Horace, b. in Hartford, Vt., Mch. 15, 1803; 
 d. Aug. 20, 1814. Theodore, b. in Hartford, Vt., Oct. 27, 1803; d. in infancy. 
 Clementina (m. Joseph F. Tilden), b. in Hartford, Vt., Sept. 19, 1804; d. Oct. 14, 
 1883. Oeorge (m. Minerva Briggs, Rochester, Vt.), b. in Hartford, Vt., April 6, 
 1806; d. July 11, 1879. Charles (m. Maria SpauMing, Montpeher, Vt.), b. in 
 Hartford, Vt, Oct. 5, 1808; d. in Washington, D. C, May 3, 1888. He was for 
 many years chief of the Dead Letter Office. Simeon (m. Lucinda Hall, Troy, 
 N. Y.), b. in Hartford, Vt., Aug. 16, 1810; d. Oct. 1, 1855. Hannah (m. George 
 Kendi-ick;, b. in Hai-tford, Vt., July 7, 1813; d. Mch. 14, 1857. Jane (m. Harvey 
 King), b. in Hartford, Vt., Aug. 7, 1816; d. Apr. 11, 1852. 
 
 ' The only family of this name that ever lived in Hartford. 
 
448 HISTOEY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 THE MAESH FAMILY.' 
 
 Among the fii'st permanent settlers of Hartford were several members of the 
 Marsh family, who, with one exception, located in Quechee. Among those who 
 located in that part of the town were the four brothers, Joseph, Abel, Eliphalet, 
 and Elisha, and John and Jonathan. Col. Joel settled in West Hartford. Jona- 
 than came into the town with the Strong's and Noah Dewey, in the summ.er of 
 1764. Jolin came in 1767. His name first appears in the records March 8, 1768. 
 Abel and Joel are first mentioned in the records Nov. 22, 1773. Joseph and Elisha 
 are first mentioned April 18, 1774 — the first-named being designated as Capt. 
 Joseph Marsh. 
 
 The Marslis above named, together with many of their descendants in the 
 first and second generations, were infiiiential, entei-prising, and highly honored 
 citizens in the communities in wliich they resided. They possessed physical and 
 mental characteristics of a high order, and few families have had more liberally 
 educated and successful men in all the walks of life, among them, scholars, 
 preachers, lawyers, physicians, judges, legislators, military officers, and other 
 vocations. 
 
 1. John Marsh, the inmiigrant ancestor, of the Marsh family, came over 
 from England about 1633, and settled in the colony of Massachusetts; removed 
 thence, in 1686, to Hartford, Ct. , where he settled, and had a numerous family. 
 
 2. John (son of John (1), b. about 1643; m. 1st, Sarah Lyman, Nov. 38, 1666; 
 settled In Hartford, Ct., on the Marsh homestead; had John, b. 1668. Nathaniel, 
 b. March 5, 1671; his twin brother, Joseph, b. March 5, 1671. Sarah, b. Feb. 17, 
 1678. Elizabeth, bapt. June 27, 1675. Hannah, b. Dec. 3, 1677. Ebenezer, b. 
 Feb. 38, 1679. Hannah, b. April 10, 1681. Ruth, m. William Cad well, Oct. 31, 
 1711. Lydia, b. Jan. 13, 1684. Hepzibah, b. June 6, 1686; m. 1711, to Jonathan 
 Wadsworth. Jonathan, b. Aug. 7, 1688. John, the father, m. 3d, Susannah 
 Butter, Jan. 1, 1708, and had Susannah, b. Feb.^ 1710 or '11. 
 
 3. Joseph (son of John (2), known as Capt. Joseph Marsh, m. Hannah , 
 
 about 1696; became a proprietor in Lebanon, Ct., 1697; had Elizabeth, bapt. Jan. 
 30, 1697-98. Joseph, b. in Hartford, Ct., Dec. 5, 1699. Hannah, bapt. in Leba- 
 non, Ct., Nov. 9, 1704. Pelatiah, bapt. Dec. 8, 1707. Jonathan, bapt. Sept. 23, 
 1713. 
 
 4. Joseph (son of Joseph (3), known as Ensign Joseph Marsh; m. Mercy Bill, 
 b. 1704, Sept. 35, 1723; settled in Lebanon, Ct.; had Mercy, b. 1725; m. Israel 
 Loomis, 1747, and resided in Connecticut. Joseph, b. Jan. 13, 1736, old style. 
 Anna, b. 1739; m. Pelatiah Marsh, Jr., Dec. 28, 1753', and i-esided in Connecticut. 
 Abel, b. 1735. Elisha, b. 1736-7. Eliphalet. Joseph, the father, d. in Lebaaon, 
 Ct., 1753, and the four sons above named, with their widowed mother, moved to 
 Hartford, Vt., 1772-3, where ,she d. May 20, 1786, se. 85. 
 
 5. Joseph' (son of Joseph (4), m. Jan. 10, 1750, Dorothy Mason, b. in Nor- 
 wich, Ct., April 9, 1783, (dau. of Jeremiah and Mary (Clark) Mason). He d. Feb. 
 
 'By permission of Hon. Frederick Billings, who holds the copyright to the History 
 of Woodstock, Vt., prepared by Henry Swan Dana, I have copied from the history 
 of the Marsh Family, contained in that work, such data as added to that previously 
 collected from other sources, renders this a very interesting memorial of the Marsh 
 family. 
 
HISTOEY OF HARTFOED. 449 
 
 9, 1811: she d. ^pril 14, 1810. Their children were: Ijydia, b. Nov. 5, 1750. Dor- 
 othy, b. April 20, 1753. Rhoda, b. June 30, 1754. Joseph, b. Jan. 1, 1757. Mary, 
 b. Feb. 8, 1758. Daniel, b. Jan. 2, 1761. Eoswell, b. March 36, 1763. Charles, 
 b. July 10, 1765. Roger, h. Aug. 17, 1767. Parthena, b. Nov. 3, 1769. William, 
 b. Oct. 1, 1773. Betsy, b. April 18, 1776,— all having been born in Lebanon, Ct., 
 except Betsy, b. in Hartford, Vt. (See biogi-aphical sketch of Joseph Marsh 5). 
 
 6. Lydia, dau. of Joseph (5), m. Josiah Eockwell, and remained in Lebanon, 
 Ct. Her chUdi-en were Lothrop, Asahel, Daniel, Josephs Erastus, Jabel (or Ja- 
 bez), Lydia, Clarissa and Rhoda. 
 
 7. Dorothy, dau. of Joseph (5), m. Eliphalet Bill, and had : Benajah, Eliph- 
 alet. Mason, Roswell, Noadiah, Mary, Dorothy, Betsy and Almyra. 
 
 8. Ehoda, dau. of Joseph (5), m. for her first husband Thomas Wliite Pitkin. 
 Their cliildren were: Thomas W., Lucy, Samuel, Rhoda, Ruth and Rebecca. 
 Of these, Thomas W. m. his cousin, Mary BiU, and had children: Thomas W. 
 and Lucius (^vho m. Ellen, dau. of Ora Wood of Hartford, and lived in New 
 York City). Lucy, b. Feb. 8, 1784; m. at Balston, N. Y., Eobert EUis, and had 
 two sons, Eobei-t Ellis and Thomas Pitkin Ellis, both living, a few years ago, in 
 New York; upon the death of Mr. EUis, Lucy m. for her second husband Joseph 
 Bishop Abrams, and had two daughters, Lucy EUis Abrams, who m. James San- 
 ford of Mobile, Ala. ; and Mary P. Abrams, who m. James Stevens, recently of 
 PhUadelphia., Rhoda, who was b. 1774,_d. 1858; m. her cousin. Dr. Mason BiU. 
 Samuel was a physician, and resided in Balston, N. Y., m. Betsy HamUn. Col. 
 Thomas Wliite Pitkin, Jr., the husband of Mary BUI, d. May 30, 1861, re 88; lus 
 wife d. May 9, 1839, se 57. Thomas White Pitkin, the husband of Ehoda Marsh, 
 was drowned in the Otta Quechee i-iver. May 3, 1T87; Ehoda m. 3d, Eev. Thomas 
 Gross, who was the first settled minister in Hartford, Vt. They had thi-ee sons. 
 Dr. Pitkin Gross, recently living in Kingston, Canada; Horace Gross, who died 
 after finishing his law studies, and Thomeis Gross 3d, who was a merchant in 
 White Eiver viUage (Hartford) for several years. Ehoda Marsh was the second 
 wife of Rev. Thomas Gross; she d. Aug. 7, 1805, and was buried in the cemetery 
 at the Centre of the town (Hartford). 
 
 9. Joseph, son of Joseph (5), m. Erepta Weld, lived in Hartford on a farm, 
 now the home farm of Asa Hazen, and died there April 16, 1837, aged 81. His 
 wife died Sept. 5, 1843, aged 83. They had Gratia, who died at the old home- 
 stead, AprU 35, 1858, aged 73; Joseph Henry, who married and had several chil- 
 dren, lived in OberUn, O. ; Mary, who married Ira Hazen, of Norwich, Dec. 30, 
 1819, d. June 6, 1861. (See Hazen FamUy. t 
 
 10. Mary, dau. of Joseph (5), b. Feb. 8, 1758, m. 1777-8, her second cousin, 
 , EUjah Mason, (son of Peleg Sanford and Mary i Stanton) Mason), of Lebanon, 
 
 Conn. He was b. Sept. 26, 1756, came from Lebanon to Hartford about 1800; 
 settled near the center of the town, but subsequently removed to the farm west 
 of Quechee village, which is now the town poor farm, where he lived untU 1814, 
 and then removed to Trumbull Co. , Ohio. He was chairman of the board of 
 selectman of Hartford 1807 to 1811 inclusive; represented the town in the legis- 
 lature, 1810, and was prominent in pubUc affairs during his residence here. Their 
 children, aU born in Connecticut, were: Clarissa, b. 1779, m. a Fitch, d. about 
 
 39 
 
450 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 1840; Mary, b. 1782, d. Sept. 11, 1816; Roswell, b. Dec. 33, 1784, lived in Warren, 
 Ohio, 1808. Died between 1850 and 1855; Peleg, b. Deo. 18, 1786, d. Aug. 8. 
 1835; Parthenia, b. 1790, d. 1795; Marinda, b. July 1, 1794, m. John Durkee, 
 (son of Col. Joshua and Mercy (Hazen) Hazen), of Hartford; moved to Ohio; d. 
 about 1850. Of their children, Emily married a Reed, and now (1889; resides on 
 Capitol HUl, Washington, D. C. Mary, vrife of EUjah Mason, died in Lebanon, 
 1794. He m. 3d, 1795, Luoretia Greene, by whom he had, Betsy, b. 1796, d. 1830; 
 Parthenia, b. probably, 1798, d. about 1865; Emeline, b. 1802, d. 1881; Carnot, b. ' 
 1804, d. 1855; John, b. 1806, d. 1887; Arabella, b. April 18, 1810, m. Oct. 7, 1830, 
 Zeb. Rudolph, from a Maryland family. Of their children, Luoretia R., b. April 
 19, 1832, married Nov. 11, 1858, James Abram Garfield, the late lamented Presi- 
 dent of the United States. Mrs. Garfield, to whom I am indebted for the fore- 
 going memorial of Elijah Mason's family, resides in Mentor, Ohio. 
 
 11. Daniel, son of Joseph (5;, b. Jan. 3, 1761, m. Jan. 36, 1793, Marion Har- 
 per. He lived and died on the old homestead in Queohee, which after his death, 
 was purchased by the late Judge John Porter, and is now the residence of his 
 widow. Daniel d. Dec. 11, 1829. His wife Marion, d. in Quechee, March 18, 
 1851. Their children were: Roswell, b. Jan. 36, 1793, lived at home until eigh- 
 teen years old: studied law, married, settled and became a proniinent lawyer in 
 SteubenviUe, Ohio, died there Aug. 16, 1875, and was buried in the cemetery of 
 his native village. He received the honorary degree of A. M., conferred by the 
 Universy of Vermont, in 1837. James, b. July 19, 1794, graduated at Dartmouth 
 College, 1817. He m. 1st, Oct. 14, 1834, Lucia, dau. of James Wheelook, of 
 Hanover, N. H. She d. Ang. 18, 1838, and he m. 2d, Jan. 7, 1830, Laura, sister 
 to his first wife. She d. Aug. 13, 1838. He d. in Burlington, Vt., July 3, 1843. 
 Their clifidren were: Sidney, who became President of University of Oregon; 
 James, who d. in 1858, at the Sandwich Islands, where he had been sometime 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction; Joseph, a teacher in Canada. (See 
 sketches Dartmouth Alumni, 1817). Percy, b. June 19, 1796, d. umn. 1844; 
 Leonard, and Louise, (twins) b. June 39, 1799. Leonard graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College, 1827, m. Aug. 33, 1847, Ann, dau. of Hon. Alvan Foote, [D. C, 
 1798] of BurUngton, Vt. ; had Mary Moore, who d. Nov. 10,' 1869, se. 21. Wm. 
 Foote, [U. V. M., 1870]; George Foote, [U. V. M., 1873]; Chaiies Leonard, and 
 Anna Louisa. Leonard, the father, d. 1870. (See Dartmouth College Alumni, 
 1837.) Louisa, m. George, son of OUverand Anstes Udall, of Hartford, b. Oct. 
 6, 1797; Arabella, b. Oct. 26, 1804, m. Chaunoy Goodridge, of Burlington, and 
 had two children, Marion and Arabella. Emily, b. Oct. 8, 1806, m. Thomas 
 Reed, of Burlington, and had children;- Daniel 2d., b. Jan. 19, 1809, m. Lucinda 
 Hall, of Hartford, by whom he had, Roswell, Mary, and several other childi-en. 
 
 12. Roswell, son of Joseph (5J, b. Mar. 26, 1762; d. unm. 1784. 
 
 13. Charles, son of Joseph (5), b. July 10, 1765 ; graduated at Dart. Coll. 
 1786; also at the law school of Judge Reeves in Litchfield, Ct., in 1788; settled 
 in Woodstock, Vt., where he practiced law upwards of sixty years; was elected 
 one of the board of trustees of Dart. Coll. in 1809, retaining the ofifioe during 
 the remainder of his life; was district attorney of Vermont (appointed by Presi- 
 dent Washington) in 1797-1801; was representative in Congress 1815-17; was, a 
 leading lawyer, and an eminently useful citizen. He m. 1st, Nancy Collins of 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 451 
 
 Litchfield, Conn. Their children were; Charles, b. in Woodstock, Oct. 7, 1790; 
 gi-aduated at Dart. CoU. 1813; studied law, and settled in Lansingburgh, N. Y., 
 where he m. Mary Leonard, Nov. 27, 1816; d. July 3, 1817, in Louisville, Ky., 
 where he had gone for the benefit of his health. His wife survived him but a 
 year or two. Ann C, b. in Woodstock, June 10^ 1793; m. John Burnell, M. D. 
 of Woodstock. Mrs. Nancy (Collins) Marsh, d. in Woodstock, June 18, 1793. 
 Mr. Marsh m. 2d, June 3, 1798, Susan Arnold, widow of Josias Arnold of St. 
 Johnsbury, Vt., and dau. of Elisha Perkins, M. D. of Plainfleld, Ct. She d. in 
 Woodstock, Jan. 31, 1853, se. 76; he d. Jan. 11, 1849. Their children were : 
 Lyndon Arnold, b. Feb. 26, 1799; graduated at Dart. Coll. 1819; studied law and 
 was admitted to the bar of Windsor county at the September term, 1822; estab- 
 lished himseU in Woodstock; was register of jsrobate for about thirty-three 
 years for the district of Hai-tford; Nov. 5, 1829, he m. Lucy G., dau. of Benja- 
 min Swan of Woodstock. He d. Oct. 29, 1872. George Perkins, b. Mar. 15, 
 1801; graduated from Dart. CoU. 1820; studied law with his father; was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1825; settled in Burlington, Vt., in the practice of law; was a 
 representative in Congress 1843-49; in 1849 was appointed minister resident of 
 the United States at Constantinople, where he remained until recalled in 1853; 
 in 1861, was appointed minister to Italy, which position he continued to hold 
 tUl his death in Valambrosa, July 23, 1882. He was the author of a " Grammar 
 of the Icelandic Language," " Lectures on the English Language,'' and other 
 valuable literary productions. His erudition in literature, science, and the fine 
 arts, gave him pre-eminence among the most renowned savants of the period in 
 which he lived. He married for his first wife, HaiTiet, dau. of Oaias Buell of 
 Burlington, who lived but a few years thereafter. He maiTied for Ms second 
 wife, Caroline Crane of Berkley, Mass; Joseph, b. April 16, 1807; studied med- 
 icine; received his diploma at Dart. Med. school, 1830, and, after several years' 
 of successful practice in his profession, was appointed Professor of Theory and 
 Practice in the University of Vermont. He died in Woodstock, Nov. 7, 1841. 
 Sarah Burrill, b. June 5, 1809; m. Oct. 1, 1828, WyUys Lyman of Hartford, Vt., 
 son of Blias Lyman 3d; a lawyer by profession. She d. Sept. 1, 1841. He d. 
 Dec. 1, 1862. Charles, b. May 10, 1821; resided in Woodstock on the family 
 estate, which he conducted for several years, tUl, in 1869, he disposed of the 
 property to Frederick Billings, Esq. He d. May 13, 1873, at San Diego, Cal., 
 where he had gone for his health. 
 
 14. ROGEK, son of Joseph (5), b. Aug. 17, 1767; m. Mary Chapman, and had 
 Levi, who d. unm. in the West; Charles C, who graduated at Dart. Coll. 1838; 
 married and settled. in New York; deceased; Edward W., graduated from the 
 University of Vermont, 1836; married and settled as a lawyer in New York; d. 
 in 1868; Franklin, d. unm. 1856, in New York, where he had been a successful 
 merchant. 
 
 15. Parthbnia, dau. of Joseph Marsh (5), m. Elijah Brainerd, and had Nancy, 
 Parthenia; Lavinia; Mary; Susan; Henry; William; Columbus; Joseph. 
 
 16. William, son of Joseph (5), m. Sarah Marshall. She d. without children 
 many years ago. He settled in Pawlet, Vt. 
 
 17. Betsy, dau. of Joseph (5;, m. Robert Ham, and had Ida ; Sylvia, who m. 
 
452 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 1st, James Snow, who d. without children; 2d, James Benson, of South Royal- 
 ton, Vt. 
 
 18. Abel, son of Joseph (4), m. Deo. 2, 1754, Dorothy Udall, of Stonington, 
 Ct., and h&d Abel, Boger, Dolly, Samuel, Milo and Sarah. Of these, Samuel 
 married and left Otis, who formerly lived near Taftsville, Vt. Otis had several 
 children, one of whom, a physician, married a Blish of Woodstock, Vt.; Milo 
 married and left Wealthy, who married Luther Porter. Luther died Oct. 14, 
 1861, aged 82. Sarah married Ignatius Sprague. Abel, the father, died aged 87. 
 
 19. Elisha, son of Joseph (4), born 1735-6; m. Mary Terry, and had by her, 
 Elisha, Isaac, Polly and Christiana. Elisha, Jr. , m. Eunice Paine. He d. June 
 10, 1801, aged 35. His wife d. Aug. 4, 1828, aged 58. Isaac d. Apr. 20, 1844, 
 aged 75. One of the daughters married a Ransom (Matthew, probably), and thd 
 other a Perry. Elisha, the father, d. Moh. 13, 1823, aged 87. Mary, the mother, 
 d. Aug. 15, 1820, aged 84. (See their gravestones, Quechee.) 
 
 30. Eliphalet, son of Joseph (4,) married and had children, viz. : Russell, 
 Sarah and others, one of whom, a daughter, married a Morgan. Sarah married 
 John C. Smith, a farmer ui Hartford, and was the mother of Walter H.,Almira, 
 Sarepta and other children. Almiva, married 1st, a Dunbar, and 2d, a Crombie. 
 Sarepta married Thomas Crandall, of West Hartford, Vt., Nov. 5, 1820, and, 
 several years thereafter, they moved to Milwaukee, Wis. (The home farm of 
 John C. Smith is now owned by Joseph W. Leighton, and adjoins the home 
 farm of Samuel B. Dimmick, on the south. Walter H. Smith bought'this farm 
 of his father, and on the 22d of October, 1831, the selectmen of Hartford bought 
 it for a home for the town's poor). John C. Smith died Feb. 7, 1809, aged 52 ; 
 Sai'ah, his wife, died Apr. 19, 1851, aged 84. Ann a. Smith, who d. in Quechee, 
 May 5, 1798, was, probably, the mother of John 0. Smith. 
 
 THE NEWTON FAMILY. 
 Remarkable Family Record. 
 The following family record of David Newton of Hartford, is believed to be 
 the most remarkable one known in the United States, if not in the world, in re- 
 spect to the number of children, their individual length of life, and the aggre- 
 gate of the ages of the whole family. The record, as found in then' family Bible, 
 is as follows: 
 
 David Newton, was born March 25, 1753. 
 
 Mary Hazen, was born September 11, 1754. 
 
 David Newton, was married to Mary Hazen, Sept. 16, 1778. 
 
 (SECOND generation)— THEIR CHILDREN. 
 
 Years. Mos. Days. 
 
 1. Sheldon, born July 1, 1774; died Jan. 2, 1849; aged _74 6 1 
 
 2. RuFUS, bora July 18, 1775; died Dec. 28, 1854; aged_ 79 5 10 
 
 3. AviCE, born Sept 3, 1776; died Aug. , 1862; aged 85 11 — 
 
 4. DAViD2d, born March 18, 1778; died Jan. 17, 1865; aged.. 86 9 29 
 
 5. Truman, born Oct. 1, 1779; died Dec. 30, 1848; aged .69 2 29 
 
 6. Andrew, born Jan. 36, 1781; died Aug. 18, 1868; aged 87 6 32 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFOBD. 453 
 
 7. Anna, born March 18, 1783; aied March 21, 1839; aged 56 3 
 
 8. Rebecca, born Nov. 16, 1784; died May 12, 1850; aged 65 5 36 
 
 9. Polly, born Feb. 6, 1786; died Nov. 8, 1857; aged 73 9 2 
 
 10. Abner, born Nov. 19, 1787; died Jan. 26, 1856; aged 68 2 7 
 
 11. Elizabeth, born May 21, 1789; died Feb. 17, 1873; aged. .83 8 26 
 13. LXJCT, born Aug. 9, 1791; died March 17, 1870; aged 78 7 8 
 
 13. Daniel, bom Feb. 8, 1793; died April 11, 1831; aged 38 2 3 
 
 14. EnosW., born Aug. 18, 1794; died Sept. 28, 1865; aged... 71 1 10 
 
 15. Jasper, born Feb. 30, 1798; died Nov. 9, 1831 ; aged 33 8 19 - 
 
 16. Solon, born AprU 15, 1799; died March 11, 1876; aged..,. 76 10 26 
 
 David, parent, died Dec. 29, 1839; aged 86 9 4 
 
 Mary, parent, died Sept. 4, 1833; aged _68 5 33 
 
 When Sheldon, the first born child, was 31 years of age, there were fourteen 
 •children living at home with their parents. Mary, the mother, had been mar- 
 ried a few months more than twenty-flve years. She had reached the age of 44 
 years and 7 months when her last child (Solon) was born. The first death 
 in the family occiuTed nearly fifty-two years after the marriage of the parents. 
 The second death was that of Mary, the mother, in 1823, at which time her eld- 
 est child was in his 48th year, and her youngest child was nearly 24. The aver- 
 age age of the sixteen children was nearly 70 years; their added ages, with that 
 of their parents, was 1273 years. 
 
 1. Sheldon, son of David, b. 1774; m. 1st, Betsy Sanderson, b. 1773. She d. 
 Oct. 1, 1807. Hem. 2d, Nancy Wilder. He d. Jan. 2, 1849. Children by first 
 wife, Isaac, Norman, Benjamin, William, Reuben, Children by second wife, 
 Betsy, Emeline, Maria, John. Norman, son of Sheldon (1), m. Mary A. Walker. 
 He d., and she m. 2d, Hezekiah Pike. She d. Jan. 25, 1840. William, son of 
 Sheldon (1), b. Feb. 12, 1804; m. 1st, Ermina Ingraham, Jan. 1st, 1838 (dau. of 
 David and Lois (Hazen) Ingraham); she d. Apr. 37, 1887. He m. 2d, Sept. 11, 
 1838, Polly Gibbs (dau. of Harvey and Mary )Bartholomew) Gibbs), b. Feb. 12, 
 1810. He d. Sept. 5, 1863; she d. Apr. 3, 1885. His children by first wife were: 
 George, b. Feb. 24, 1830; m. Jan. 1, 1861, Catherine F. Poole. Norman, b. May 
 27, 1882; m. Oct. 25, 1855, Lizzie Dutton. Jo7m, son of Stieldon (1), b. Oct. 13, 
 1818; m. 1st, Jan. 2, 1843, Martha S. Dutton. (See Dutton Family.) 
 
 2. Rupus, son of David, b. 1775; m. Sept. 26, 1803, Theda Brown, b. Sept. 16, 
 1783 (dau. of Israel Brown); she d. Nov. 17, 1849; he d. Dec. 38, 1854. Their 
 •children were: Orra, b. May 4, 1804; m. Nov. 10, 1841, Stephen Boardman; d. 
 Dec. 28, 1842. Nelson, b. Dec. 37, 1806; m. Nov. 3, 1835, Mary Partridge, b. 
 Mch. 7, 1810. He d. Dec. 17, 1878; she d. June 36, 1885. They had three chU- 
 dren: Lucy A., b. Sept. 35, 1836; Edna O., and Edward N. (twins), b. June 39, 
 1847. 
 
 3. AviCE, dau. of David, b. 1776; m. Nov. 36, 1795, Justin Smith, b. Jan. 30, 
 1779 (son of Sylvanus and Dma (Fisk) Smith); she d. Aug., 1862; he d. 1845. 
 Their children were: Alden, b. Sept. 17, 1796. Truman, b. Apr. 16, 1798. Horace, 
 b. Feb. 32, 1801. Cephas, b. Apr. 16, 1805. Laura, Carlos D., and Caroline B. 
 
454 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 (twins), b. June 15, 1811. Laura A., b.' Mch. 4, 1819. Alpha, b. Aug. 1, 1815. 
 
 4. David Jr., son of David, b. 1778, m. 1st, Elizabeth Partridge, of Norwich, 
 Vt.; 2d, Sabriel Tracy, of Hartford, Vt., Feb. 37, 1819; a farmer in Hai-tford, 
 Vt.; she d. Jan. 23, 1867. He d. 1865. Their children were: Flora, b. Feb. 11, 
 1807; m. Jan. 27, 1828, her cousin, Baxter B. Newton, of Hartford, a merchant 
 in W. Hartford. Charles, b. 1809; d. Mch. 11, 1813. Samuel, b. Oct. 23, 1810. 
 Mary, b. Feb. 4, 1813; m. June 9, 1881, Willard S. White, b. Dec. 4, 1807 (son 
 of Noadiali and Mary White of Hartford). Charles, b. Dec. 9, 1833: m. Mch. 5, 
 1855, Sarah Hazen, b. Jan. 31, 1823 (dau. of Dan. and Abigail (Batchelder) 
 Hazen, of Hartford. Jasper, b. Dec. 20, 1825. Silas, b. June 13, 1830; m. Har- 
 riet Sprague, b. May 19, 1830 (dau. of Jesse, Jr., and Susan Elkins). Shed. 
 July 3, 1874. He m. again, lives in Hartford. 
 
 6. Truman" son of David, b. 1779, m. Dec, 1807, Eunice Wilson, b. Aug. 30, 
 1785 (dau. of Jeremiah and Eunice (Whitcomb) Wilson, of Norwich, Vt.) He d. 
 Dec. 30, 1848; slie d. Feb. 23, 1871. Their chUdren were: Calvin, b. Sept. 6, 
 1808; m. Oct. 5, 1834, Sarepta Whipple, b. Aug. 16, 1806 (dau. of Samuel Whip- 
 ple and Mai-y Chaflfee); she d. Nov. 5, 1840; he m. 2d, Oct. 3, 1843, Mary H. 
 Spencer, b. Sept. 18, 1816 (dau. of Charles Spencer and Lucy Dewey). He d. 
 May 15, 1875. She Uves is West Hartford, Vt. Children: Reuben W., b. Oct. 5, 
 1835. ElizabethS.,h. Feb. 8, 1838. Maria L., b. May 15, 1830. Carlton S., b. 
 Sept. 8, 1852; d. Oct. 3, 1881. Lucy Ida, b. Mch. 11, 1856. Eunice-, b. May 14, 
 1810; m. Nov. 18, 1833, Joseph Whipple, b. May 3, 1803 (son of Samuel Whipple 
 and Mai-y ChafCee). Hed. Jan., 1878; ch. 3. Orson, b. Nov. 24, 1811; m. Apr. 
 8, 1840i Harriet BuUard, b. Apr. 18, 1831; ch. 5. Daniel, b. Aug. 26, 1813; m. 
 July 16, 1837, Martha Foster, b. July 14, 1812. He d. Mch. 29, 1859; ch. 5. 
 Russell, b. Apr. 33, 1815; d. July 30, 1818. Enos 8., b. May 4, 1817; m. Oct. 9, 
 1839, Lucy A. Dutton, b. Aug. 13, 1818 (dau. of Samuel Dutton and' Olive 
 Thomas). Hed. May 11, 1888; ch. 4. Laura A., b. Jan. 9, 1831; m. Aug. 31, 
 1860, H. N. Savage, b. May 5, 1821. Both are living in Hai-tford; oh. 3. Joseph 
 T., b. Nov. 21, 1822; m. 1844, Emily Merrill, b. 1817. He d. Feb. 7, 1869; ch. 3. 
 Edibard 0., b. June 39, 1826; m. Mch. 16, 1851, Emily O. Richards, b. Dec. 21, 
 1835 (dau. of Chester Richards and Fidelia Whitcomb); she d. Mch. 30, 1883; 
 ch. 8. Leonard, b. June 39, 1836; d. Sept. 4, 1826. Sarah L., b. Mch. 16, 1829; 
 m. Sept. 22, 1853, Nelson S. Hazen, b. May 14, 1833. He d. Feb. 13, 1884. She 
 lives in Hartford. 
 
 6. Andrew, son of David, b. 1781, m. 1st, Lorena Waterman, b..l785. She d. 
 April 30, 1833. He m. 2d, Nov. 18, 1823, Catherine Hazen, b. Oct. 25, 1785, 
 (dau. of Col. Joshua and Mercy) Hazen (Hazen), a farmer in Hartford, Vt. She 
 d. May 26, 1854. He d. 1868. Their children were: Melvin, Alandus, 
 Janette, Major, Joseph, b. Nov. 15, 1828, m. Aug. 16, 1855, Celina S. Burnham, 
 b. April 12, 1835, (dau. of Joseph and Nancy (Sawyer) Burnham). Ch. 6. 
 
 7. Anna, dau. of David, b. 1783, m. Daniel Sprague, (son of Jesse and Esther 
 (Dexter) Sprague). He d. Dec. 21, 1812, as. 38. She d. 1839. 
 
 8. Rebecca, dau. of David, b. 1784, m. S6pt. 29, 1802, Isaac Perry. She d. 
 May 12, 1850. He became insane, was confined in a cage in the poor house in 
 
 'Truman Newton was the first child born in that part of the town called Dothan. 
 His children were all born in Norwich, Vt. ' 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 455 
 
 Hartford where he died many years ago. They had childi-en: Alanson, 
 Ltunen, Homer, Perses, who m. Homer Tenney, Eliza, Lucy, Mufus, Sabra. 
 
 9. Polly, dau. of David, b. 1785, m. June 34, 1809, David, (son of Jeremiah 
 and Eunice (Whitcomb) Wilson). They hved in West Hartford, where he had 
 a saw miU which he built in 1813. He moved to Illinois in the spring of 1837, 
 and there died. His wife died in 1857. They had, Jason, Cromwell, Jasper, 
 Rufus H., Diantha, Mary, Nanoy, who m. Noah Dutton, d. May 31, 1844. 
 
 10. Abnek, son of David, b. 1787, m. Dec. 17, 1830, Mary Blanchard, b. April 
 11, 1793, (dau. of Robert and Jemima (Chapman) Blanchard), a farmer in Hart- 
 ford, Vt. He d. Jan. 26, 1856. She d. June 15, 1883. They had but one child, 
 James, b. Oct. 37, 1821, m. July 17, 1850, Martha L. Thayer. He was for many 
 years a dentist in Hanover, N. H. They now reside in Boston, Mass. 
 
 11. Elizabeth, dau. of David, b. 1787, d. unm. Feb. 17, 1873. 
 13. Lucy, dau. of David, b. 1791, d. unm. March 19, 1870. 
 
 13. Daniel, son of David, b. 1793, d. 1831, m. Sabria Gray, liad children: 
 Sara, Rebecca, Louise, Susan. 
 
 14. EnosW., son of David, b. 1794, (Dartmouth College, 1815), m. Sarah 
 Work, d. Sept. 28, 1865. Ch. 5. 
 
 15. Jasper, son of David, b. 1798, (Dartmouth College 18^0), d. unm. Nov. 9, 
 1831. 
 
 16. Solon, son of David, b. 1799, m. Nov. 17, 1830, Caroline M. Blanchard, 
 (dau. of Robert and Jemima (Chapman) Blanchard), a fai-mer in Hartford. They 
 had: Ellen, Mary, Tyler. The latter now lives on the old home farm. 
 
 THE PINNEO family. 
 
 The recorded data concerning that branch of the Pinneo family whose descend- 
 ants have lived in Hartford, is meagre and unsatisfactory. The only male rep- 
 resentative of the family, now living in the town is John Pinneo, a descendant 
 in the fourth generation from Daniel Pinneo of Lebanon, Ct., and the only facts 
 in his possession, relating to the family were sent to him by a distant relative 
 whose efforts to obtain facts have apparently been unsuccessful. From the said 
 facts, and other recorded data I have framed the following history of the family: 
 
 1. Daniel Pinneo 3d, b. in Lebanon, Ct., about 1738; m. a Miss Hill of Leba- 
 non, Ct. ; moved from Lebanon to Bolton, Vt., thence to Hartford, Vt., in 
 1765-6, and settled in the immediate vicinity of the place where Charles Ballard 
 now lives. His name first appears on the proprietors' records under date of 
 Sept. 19, 1767. On the 33d of June, 1768, he was chosen one of a committee of 
 two " to agree with the owners of land, for land for highways, and exchange 
 for them." In 1778, he was one of the three selectmen, his associates being 
 Lionel UdaU and EUsha Marsh. Nothing more is said of him in the records of 
 the town. The date of his death, the date of his wife's death and the place of 
 their burial are not known; but, inasmuch as his eldest son, Charles, and some 
 other members of his famUy were buried in the old cemetery, on the south side 
 of White river at White River Junction, it is probable that Daniel and his wife 
 were ?ilso interred there. Their children, all born in Hartford, were as follows: 
 X^dia, married but d. childless. DameZ 5d, b. 1771; d. 1785. Charles, h. 1768. 
 
456 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 John, m. Sally Root of Plainfield, N. H. , lived in Bolton, Vt. Daniel 4th, m. 
 Huldah Demmon; lived in Waterbury, Vt. Oiles, m. a Miss Davis; lived in 
 Duxbury, Vt. Andrew, went to Ohio. Anna, m. David Morse, lived in Dux- 
 bury, Vt. Eunice, lived in Bolton, Vt. Heman, of whom nothing is known 
 here. 
 
 2. Charles, son of Daniel, Jr., (Ij, b. 1768; m. Lydia Clark, b. 1767. Charles 
 was the first white male child born in Hartford. He lived on the old home- 
 stead with his father, and there died Nov. 33, 1848, aged 80. The house in 
 which he lived was built on the spot where Charles A. Ballai-d lived for several 
 years until the loss of his house by fire in 1887. Mr. Pinneo was an enterprising 
 and active citizen; was one of the selectmen of the town for two years, 1804-5, 
 and held minor offices during his life. Lydia, his wife, died Oct. 37, 1848. 
 Their children were: Charles, born 1796. Daniel 5th, born 1800; d. Jan. 10, 
 1854. Jasper, b. 1802; m. Betsy Lane; d. April'28, 1877. Lester, d. 1854, in St. 
 Paul, Minn. Lydia, resides in the West. Annie, married and went West. 
 Three or four other children died young. 
 
 3. Charles, son of Charles (2), b. 1796; m. Martha Coombs of Thetford, Vt., 
 b. 1796. He was a farmer; was one of the selectmen of Hartford in 1837-8. 
 Martha, his wife, d. July 20, 1862. He died June 6, 1871. Their children were: 
 Justin, b. Aug. 11, 1821. Martha E., b. Dec. 10, 1833. Frances A., b. Feb. 33, 
 1835; m. in 1846, Silas H. Walling of Lebanon, N. H. She d. in Newport, N. 
 H., Sept. 3, 1872, leaving one child, Charles E., b. Deo. 3, 1847. Solon M., b. 
 May 19, 1827; d. in Texas, 1884. John, b. Jan. 14, 1830; m. Aug. 31, 1871, Emily 
 P. Gardner, dau. of Perry and Jane (Patch) Gardner. She d. Jvily 22, 1880, 
 leaving Lillie F., b. Sept. 3, 1873. Rosette, b. Jan. 10, 1832; d. 1836. Josephine, 
 b. Oct. 3, 1839 ; m. Horace Pierce of Lyme, N. H. , their present home. 
 
 THE RICHARDS FAMILY. 
 
 Joel Richards, whose family record is given below, resided in the northwest- 
 ern part of Hartford, on the road between the village of West Hartford and the 
 hamlet known as Jericho, and a few rods to the north of the present residence 
 of Charles Wallace. 
 
 Joel Richards, (son of Jonas and Hannah (Wlieeler) Richards, and grandson 
 
 of WiUiam and Rebecca ( ) Richards), b. Nov. 36, 1767; m. Dec. 5, 1794, 
 
 Miriam Smith, b. March 16, 1774, (dau. of Sylvanus and Dina (Fisk) Smith.) 
 Joel Richai-ds d. Aug. 30, 1813; his widow, June 30, 1835, m. 3d, Seth Savage, 
 who, after some six years, left her again a widow. She d. Dec. 19, 1855. The 
 children of Joel and Miriam Richards were: 
 
 1. Chester, b. Sept. 14, 1795; m. March 11, 1833, Fidelia Whitcomb, b. July 
 3, 1867. She d. Nov. 6, 1865. They had: Joel, b. Jan. 31, 1823, d. Aug. 34, 1847. 
 Orra Emily, b. Dec. 33, 1834; m. March 16, 1857, Orvis Newton, reside in Nor- 
 wich. Mark, b. Oct. 3, 1836; m. April 33, 1855, Harriet Newell Whedon, resides 
 in Michigan. David, b. Feb. 33, 1839. Norman, b. March 36, 1881, d. July, 
 1863. Rebecca Susan, b. July 24, 1833; m. March 30, 1864, Lieut. Thomas Ens- 
 worth, who d. in Battle of Wilderness, May 6, 1864; m. 3d, Aug. 8, 1876, David 
 HaU of Lexington, Mass. Ellen, b. Dec. 17, 1835; m. Jan. 13, 1858, Jefferson Bar- 
 tholomew; d. May 31, 1867. Edward, b. Dec. 3, 1843, d. Oct. 30, 1863. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 457 
 
 3. Philena, b. Oct. 30, 1797; d. unm., Feb. 23, 1869. 
 
 3. Rkbecoa, b. May 5, 1799; m. Sept. 13, 1833, Friend Ingraham, and went to 
 Grange, O. She d. April 4, 1889. They had: Julia P., b. Aug. 35, 1833. Cyrus 
 Richards, b. May 33, 1835, d. in War of the Rebellion. De Forest, b. Nov. 34, 
 1836, d. in war. Miriam, h. Oct. 13, 1839, d. Oct. 18, 1847. Asa, h. Nov. 31, 
 1841. David, b. Aug. 8, 1847. 
 
 4. Joel Azro, b. Dec. 13, 1800; m. Oct. 33, 1833, Maria Burton (dau. of Dea. 
 Jacob Burton, Norwich); reside in Hinkley, O. They had: Eliza Burton, h. 
 March 9, 1834, d. Sept. 5, 1856. A daughter, b. April 3, 1836, d. April 18, 1836. 
 Isdbelle Maria, b. Sept. 15, 1839; m. Rev. G. H. Damon. Henry Morris, b. Oct. 
 13, 1846. George Ashnum, b. Nov. 13, 1853. 
 
 5. Aeba, b. March 30, 1803; m. March 3, 1836, Emily Kelsey of Wales, N. Y.; 
 d. Aug. 11, 1870. They had: Octavia, b. July 17, 1837; m. Rev. D. L. Eaton, 
 Oct. 3. 1860. Thales W., b. Feb. 30, 1841, d. young. Emily Rosetta, b. Feb. 30, 
 1845, d. young. HoraXx, b. Dec. 14, 1850, d. young. Ellen, b. Dec. 14, 1855, d. 
 young. 
 
 6. WiLLAKD, b. Aug. 33, 1804; m. Nov. 37, 1858, Alvira Ann Wheaton, of 
 Hinkley, O., d. Jan. 36, 1876. They had: Myron, b. Jan. 8, 1840. Charlotte, b. 
 Nov. 6, 1841; m. Wm. Piper. Jlfaria, b. March 31, 1843; m. Mr. Swift. David, 
 b. Feb. 33, 1846, d. Feb. 36, 1846. Ann, b. Feb. 18, 1850. Dan, b. Sept. 10,1853. 
 May, b. Aug. 12, 1856; m. Rev. . 
 
 7. Alvin, b. July 36, 1806; d. se 3 years. 
 
 8. Gyrus Smith, b. March 11, 1808; m. Aug. 1, 1836, Helen Dorothy Whito 
 (dau. of Rev. Dr. John M. and Abby (Mon-is) Whiton of Antrim, N. H.) She d. 
 March 10, 1860; m. 3d, April 30, 1861, Maria Williams Parker, (dau. of OHver W. 
 Parker of Plympton, Mass.) Cyrus S. Richards d. July 19, 1885. Cyrus S. and 
 Helen Dorothy (Whiton) Richards had: Helen Morris, b. June 13, 1837; m. Aug. 
 16, 1861, Rev. George F. Herrick, D. D., residing in Marsovan, Turkey. Charles 
 Herbert, b. March 18, 1839; m. Nov. 18, 1868, Marie M. Miner (dau. of Rev. A. 
 Miner); reside in Madison, Wis. AVbie Louise, b. June 39, 1843; m. July 19, 1866, 
 Rev. Frank P. Woodbury, D. D.; reside in Minneapolis, Minn. James Morris, 
 b. April 3, 1845, d. July 16, 1846. Frederick Whiton, b. Dec. 6, 1850, d. Dec. 5, 
 1854. William Evarts,\>.yi.axch.%,\%5a; m. Nov. 19, 1877, Elnora L. Barnes; 
 res. New York City. 
 
 Jonas Deforest, b. Dec. 38, 1809; m. Harriet Bartle^t Jarvis (dau. of Hon. 
 William and Ann (Bartlett) Jarvis), Aug. 9, 1843; d. Deo. 3, 1873. They had: 
 William Jarvis, b. June 11, 1844, d. Oct. 31, 1849. De Forest, b. Aug. 6, 1846; 
 
 m. Elise ; res. in Chadi-on, Neb. Anna Bartlett, b. April 18, 1849, d. March 
 
 13, 1858. Jarvis, b. Sept. 15, 1853; res. in Chadron, Neb. Sarah Margaret, b. 
 
 Oct. 31, 1857; m. Hocks; res. in Wyoming. Bartlett, b. Jan. 6, 1861; res. in 
 
 Chaldron, Neb. 
 
 ,10. Gardner, b. April 3, 1813; accidentally drowned, Sept., 1838. 
 
458 HISTOEY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 THE SAVAGE FAMILY. 
 
 The history of the Savage family will be limited to the first three generations 
 of the descendants of Thomas Savage of Washington, Ct. 
 
 1. Thomas Savage, b. in Washington, Ct., Deo. 15, 1714, m. Feb. 24, 1744, 
 Mai-tha Wliitmore, b. Dec. 11, 1719. He moved from Washington to Woodbury, 
 Ct., where he resided several years, and removed to Hartford, Vt., in the sum- 
 mer of 1768. His first purchase of land in Hartford was made of Elihu Hide, 
 June 38, 1768, and was "No. 14," in the first division of fifty acre lots. At the 
 time he made this purchase he lived in Woodbury, Ct. After coming into 
 Hartford he bought of Isaac Winchester about 400 acres of land in that part of 
 the town known as Jericho. His home farm is now the home farm of W. G. 
 Chandler, located on Christian St., about two miles north of Hartford village. 
 On the 7th of Dec, 1784, he gave to each of his sons, Seth and Thomas Jr., 160 
 acres of the land in Jericho, upon which they settled and lived the remainder of 
 their lives. Jan. 17, 1788, he gave to his son Francis W., a 100 acre lot, " No. 
 32," in the 2d division, and 15 acres lying on Connecticut river, near White 
 River falls. After the death of his wife in 1767, his daughter Abigail became 
 his house keeper, and he continued to live with her until his death. He d. Oct" 
 11, 1798. 
 
 1. Martha, (2d gen., dau. of Thomas (1), b. June 18, 1746, m. April 22, 1765, 
 Deacon John Dutton, b. April 14, 1743, (son of Thomas and Abigail (Merriam) 
 Dutton.) (See record of Dutton family.) 
 
 2. Sakah, dau. of Thomas (1), b. June 9, 1748, m. Martha Logan. 
 
 3. Abigail, dau. of Thomas (1), b. June 9, 1748, m. Oct. 31, 1775, Elias Chap- 
 man, to whom in 1788, and 1789, Thomas Savage sold his home farm, and with 
 whom he lived for ten years thereafter. The children of Elias Chapman (3d 
 gen.) were: Jedediah, b. Oct. 10, 1776. Elias, b. May 13, 1781. Abigail, b. 
 July 29, 1784. Thomas, b. May 23, 1787. I find nothing further relating to 
 the family of EHas Chapman. On the 28th of Aug. 1800, he sold his farm to 
 Zerah Brooks and, probably, emigi'ated to the west. 
 
 4. Seth Savage, (2d gen., son of Thomas (1), b. Oct. 6, 1756, m. 1st, AprU 15, 
 1779 Rhoda Bacon. She d. April 19, 1823. He m. 2d, June 30, 1825, Mrs. Mir- 
 riam (Smith) Richai-ds, widow of Joel Richards, and (dau. of Sylvanus Smith 
 and Diana Fisk , a farmer in Hartford. On the 38, Jan. 1819, he sold to his son, 
 Wm. Savage, his home farm with a reservation of forty'acres. After the death 
 of his father, William bought the reservation. He d. Sept. 13, 1839. His wife d. 
 Dec. 19, 1855. No issue by second wife. (3d gen.) Joseph, son of Seth (4), b. 
 Oct. 15, 1780, m. 01ive,'*(dau. of Sylvanus and Diana (Fisk) Smith). John, son 
 of Seth (4), b. Oct. 7, 1782, m. Dec. 12, 1805, Lucy Hopson, b. April 21, 1785, 
 ■(dau. of John and Abiah (Hazen) Hopson). He d. Sept. 7, 1855. She d. June 
 3, 1838. (4th gen.) children of John (2): Seth, b. Jan. 27, 1807, m. Feb. 27, 
 1834, Martha C. Spaulding. Died Aug. 4, 1883. Rebecca, b. March 12, 1808, 
 m. Dec. 1, 1839, John Leavitt. Truman, b. Feb. 12, 1810, m. 1st, July 13, 1834, Mrs. 
 Cynthia (Marsh) Tenney, Shed. Sept. 23, 1868. Hem. 2d, Mai-ohlO, 1869, Mrs. Jane 
 (Farnham) Tryon. Hed. Jan. 1, 1875. Ch. by first wife 3. Benjamin F., b. 
 Sept. 19, 1811, m. May 14, 1841, Mary Martin. Sophia M., b. May 6, 1813, m. 
 March 4, 1838, Wm. R. Stockwell. John Jr., b. March 7, 1815, d. Aug. 26, 1837. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 459 
 
 ■Hiram, b. Sept. 21, 1817, m. Sept. 38, 1843, Alpa Tenney. Wesley, b. July 12, 
 1819, m. March 3, 1847, Eliza M. Clough. William, b. Aug. 23, 1820, m. Mcy, 
 1843, Philena Hodge. Hazen N., b. May 5, 1832, m. 1st, May 25, 1843, JuUa A. 
 Tenney. She d. April 6, 1860. He m. 3d, Aug. 24, 1860, Laura A Newton. Ch. 
 3. Whitmore, b. Aug. 7, 1833, d. Sept. 1, 1833. Jason, b. May 19, 1825, m. May 
 1849, Mai-ia Martin. Lucy A., b. Aug. 19, 1829, m. Nov., 1849, Geo. F. Stone, d. 
 Aug. 16, 1854. Patty, dau. of Seth (4), b. April 7, 1786, m. Don Noble, Feb. 21, 
 1810. Hasting, son of Seth (4), b. Nov. 20, 1789, m. July 4, 1815, Sarah Fuller. 
 William, son of Seth (4), b. June 23, 1791, m. June 9, 1819, Polly Hazen, b. Feb. 
 28, 1799, (dau. of Hezekiah Hazen and Sarah Marsh . He d. in Lawrence, Kan., 
 Nov., 1874. She d. in Lawi-ence, Aug. 3, 1874. (4th gen., ch. of William (5): 
 Mai-ia, b. March 29, 1820, m. Feb. 11, 1845, J. E. Hood, b. 1815, (son of Joseph 
 Hood and JerushaWorthen). He d. in Denver, Col., in 1871. Their son, Wm. 
 Hood, b. Feb. 4, 1846, is chief engineer of the Southern Pacific railroad system. 
 They had six children. Joseph, b. Jidy 28, 1822, m. June 17, 1847, Amanda B. 
 Crandall, b. Aug. 2, 1837, (dau. of Joseph Crandall and Abigail Fuller). She d. 
 June 17, 1857. He m. 3d, 1858, Mary B. Burgess. Children (5th gen.) : Henry, 
 Daphne, Joseph, Charles and Jennie. AU d. young but Daphne, who m. D. D. 
 Alford, A. M. Joseph Savage lives in Lawrence, Kansas. Forrest, b. Sept. 37, 
 1836, m. 1849, Lydia E. Worth, b. 1830, (dau. of Nathaniel Worth and Patty 
 Chandler). Children (5th gen.): Wm. W., Emma A., Mary A., Frank J. For- 
 rest lives in Kansas. Daphne, b. Sept. 21, 1834, d. in Hartford June. 18, 1845. 
 Olive (dau. of Seth (4), b. July 12, 1796, m. Jan. 36, 1814, Abner FuUer, b. 1787, 
 (son of Seth Fuller and Olive Dutton). He d. Nov. 13, 1868. Rhoda, dau. of Seth 
 (4), b. Sept. 21, 1800, m. March 8, 1823, Elziah Hazen. (See Hazen family). 
 
 5. Thomas Savage, 2d gen., son of Thomas (1), b. Feb. 9, 1759; m. Oct. 11, 
 1784, Lavina Chapman; she d. Oct. 29, 1841. He m. 3d, Nov. 26, 1789, MoUy 
 PoweU; she d. Aug. 5, 1803. He m. 3d, March 32, 1804, Clarissa Noble, b. Feb. 
 9, 1759. He d. Oct. 39, 1841; she d. Sept. 28, 1841. Children of Thomas (5) (3d 
 gen.): Alice, h. Nov. 16, 1785, d. Jan. 5, 1808, unm. Sarah, b. Jan. 27, 1787; 
 m. June 33, 1813, Russell Smith. Justus, b. Aug. 5, 1803; m. Nov. 15, 1836, Eliza 
 Alger of Straflford, Vt., b. Aug. 5, 1806, (dau. of Aaron and Lusina (Powel) Bad- 
 ger). He d. in Strafford, Vt., April 9, 1888. Norman, b. Sept. 22, 1805; m. Jan. 
 1, 1849, Sarah K. Edgerton; he d. Dec. 13, 1873; 1 ch., d. young. Orinda, b. 
 March 16, 1807. Amanda, b. May 14, 1809, d. Nov. ,31, 1846, unm. Aurora, h. 
 June 21, 1811; m. July 26, 1835, Dr. J. N. Stiles; she d. Jan. 29, 1859, in Windsor, 
 Vt.; he d. in Windsor, Aug. 31, 1875, ae 63. Polly, b. Aug. 18, 1798; m. March 11, 
 1823, Reuben Tenney 2d, b. April 15, 1798, (son of Reuben Tenney and Rebecca 
 Hopson) ; he d.March 3,1858; shed. Feb. 9, 1877. Thomas Whitmore, b. Aug. 35, 1800. 
 
 6. Francis Whitmore, (2d gen., son of Thomas (1), b. in Washington, Ct., 
 Nov. 25, 1762; m. March 11, 1790, Abigail Hazen, b. Sept. 14, 1768, (dau. of Col. 
 Joshua Hazen and Mercy (Hazen) Hazen), a farmer and hotel-keeper in West. 
 Hartford, Vt. He d. Sept. 23, 1817; she d. Aug. 20, 1847. (3d gen.): Abigail,. 
 b. Jan. 13, 1791; m. Dr. Thomas Downer, of Stowe, Vt.; d. Dec. 23, 1869. Sa- 
 repta, b. Feb. 8, 1793; d. May 15, 1852; (See biography D. M. Camp.) Mary, b. 
 Sept. 37, 1795; m. Abner Fuller; d. Sept. 36, 1885; no children. Nancy, b. Oct. 
 
 12, 1797; d. Nov. 15, 1879; (See Hazen family). Thomas,h. April 7, 1810; m. Jan. 
 
 13, 1823, Martha MoMaster, b. Sept. 11, 1799, (dau. of Samuel and Lucy (Pen- 
 
460 HISTORY OF HAETFOED. 
 
 nook) McMaster); lie d. June 15, 1871; she d. May 23, 1856. Children of Thomas 
 <5) .(4th gen.): Miranda J. Savage, b. July 31, 1834, d. May 33, 1856; Harriet E., 
 b. June 13, 1838, m. Sept. 19, 1865, Samuel McMaster, Strafford, Vt.; oh. of Har- 
 riet: Martha A., b. Aug. 5, 1867, m. Fi-ed H. "West. Martha A., b. June 37, 1831, 
 m. Deo. 7, 1855, Henry Hannahs. Thomas D., b. Nov. 14, 1837. Mercy, b. May 
 19, 1803; m. Oct. 3, 1830, Zebulon W. Delano; he d. June 24, 1869; she d. Dec.38, 
 1888; ohUdren: Louise, b. Sept. 31, 1831, m. Harrison Alexander; Abigail, b. Deo. 
 4, 1833, m. Feb. 5, 1845, Samuel G. Steele, b. Jan. 34*, 1817, (son of Wm. Steele 
 and Lydia Gleason of Sharon, Vt.); he d. May 11, 1873; she m. 3d, April 1, 1874, 
 O. S. Nott of Sharon, Vt., (son of Simeon Nott.) Emily C, b. June 4,, 1826, d. 
 May 5, 1847. Sarepta C, b. Sept. 3, 1828, d. Sept. 33, 1843. Partus, (3d gen.) 
 b. Nov. 8, 1804; m. Oot. 15, 1830, Clarissa Eaymond; she d. Jan. 31, 1833; he m. 
 2d, Dec. 13, 1832, Emily Eaymond; he d. May 13, 1871, she d. Oct? 24, 1865. 
 Their children (4th gen.) were: Mary E., b. July 5, 1831, d. July 2, 1833; Fran- 
 •cis P., b. Aug. 39, 1838; Henry W., b. July' 30, 1840; George W., b. Oct. 15,1846. 
 Fitch E., b. Oct. 36, 1856. Caroline (3d gen.), b. Dec. 14, 1807; m. Feb. 33, 1849, 
 John Fuller; he d. Sept. 14, 1861, she d. Feb. 3, 1879— no issue. Francis Whit- 
 more Jr., (3d gen.), b. Deo. 5, 1811; m. Nov. 21, 1838, Mary Clapp Wales, b. Aug. 
 28, 1815; children (4th gen.): Francis W. SaVage 8d, b. Feb. 8, 1841; m. Oot. 3, 
 
 1866, Charlotte Purdy; he d. Dec. 24, ; Edward P., b. Oct. 13, 1845, m. Sept. 
 
 33, 1874, Belle H. Noble; Mary Louisa, b. July 11, 1848. FaraUies live in Lake 
 View, 111. 
 
 THE SPRAGUE FAMILY. 
 
 The Spragues of Hartford, are descendants of Eufus and Hannah Sprague of 
 Johnston, R. I. Their son Jessie Sprague, purchased the homestead of his father, 
 Jan. 9, 1767. He sold the same Feb. 1, 1768, to one Joseph Randall, and not long 
 afterwards, moved with his family to Clarendon, Vt., (then Durham) where he 
 spsnt the remainder of his life. He married Ester Dexter of Johnston, E. I. , 
 May 38, 1735. She survived him many years and died March 22, 1840, at the 
 lemarkable age of 103 years, 9 months and 34 days. Her mental and physical 
 abilities continued to the last. A few days only before her death, she visited 
 "through the neighborhood on foot, a distance of half-a-mile. She died almost 
 instantaneously. She rose in the morning, well as usual, eat breakfast, aud was 
 walking about the house as usual till within a few minutes of dying. She was 
 the mother of the late Capt. Durham Sprague, who was the first male child born 
 (1770) in the then town of Durham, near Clarendon, , who she named after the 
 town." 
 
 The children of Jesse Sprague, were : Amey, born Feb. 18, 1764; Philip, born 
 Jan. 8, 1765; Abraham, born Nov. 8, 1768; all born in Johnston, E. I. Durham, 
 born June 8, 1770 ; Anna, born March 30, 1771 ; Hannah, born July 28, 1778; 
 Daniel, born Aug. 21, 1775; Elizabeth, born Aug. 33, 1777; Paul D., born March 
 17, 1881; all born in Clarendon, Vt. Two of his sons, Philip and Daniel, moved 
 from Clarendon to Hartfoi'd, about 1780. 
 
 Phillip, born in Johnston, E. I., Jan. 9, 1765, married about 1784, Clarissa 
 Dutton, born Jan. 38, 1770, (daughter of Nathaniel and Sarah (Hazen) Dutton of 
 Hartford), and settled in that part of the town called Dothan, where his grand- 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 461 
 
 son, Israel G. Sprague, now lives. Philip died March 31, 1856. Clarissa, his 
 wife, died May 6, 1831. ChUdren : 
 
 1. ASENATH, born Jan. 23, 1785 ; mai-ried Sept. 39. 1803. Ira Baxter, bom 
 Nov. 20, 1779, son of Elihu Baxter and Triphenia Taylor. He died in Norwich, 
 Vt., March 11, 1888. She died June 30, 1853. Children: Laura, born April 
 
 34, 1803 ; Carlos, born Aug. 1, 1804 ; Carlton, born 1805 ; Arabella, born Sept. 
 33, 1807 ; Alpa, born 1809 ; Caroline, born Deo. 15, 1811 ; Marshal, born March 
 17, 1817 ; Henry, born April 15, 1831 ; Harriet,hoTn April 16, 1838. 
 
 3. Philo, born May 16, 1787; married May 7, 1811 ; Laura Hazen, born April 
 
 35, 1798, (daughter of Daniel Hazen and Olive Bartholomew): a farmer in that 
 part of Hartford caUed Jericho. He died Oct. 17, 1868; she died March 38, 1877. 
 Their children were: Jasper, born June 6, 1813 ; married July 16, 1840, Dulcina 
 C. Town, had, Laura Anna, born Sept. 34, 1843 ; Harriet L., born Feb. 3, 1846; 
 Charles T., born Sept. 39, 1854; Carrie J., born 1856 ; died 1858. Emily, born 
 Dec. 13, 1813 ; died Aug. 7, 1878. (See Dutton Family.) Edward, born July 17, 
 1816 ; married Dec. 3, 1851, Ellen Freeman, born April 33, 1835, (daughter of 
 John Freeman and Clarissa Goss) : a farmer in Hai'tford. She died Mai'ch 15, 
 1887. Children : Frank M., born May 17, 1853, died July 4, 1863 ; Fannie E., 
 born May 39, 1857 ; Jennie M., born Oct. 3, 1864. 
 
 3. Ester, born June 19, 1789 ; married Sept. 5, 1808, Lemuel Parker; died 
 Nov. 10, 1860. 
 
 4. Anna, born May 34, 1791 ; married Nov. 11, 1813, Job Dinsmore. 
 
 5. Susannah, bom Jan. 38, 1793; married March 3, 1816, Hiram Nott, 
 
 born in Springfield, Mass., May 9, 1789, (son of Selden Nott, );a 
 
 farmer in Norwich, Vt.; he died Feb. 16, 1856 ; she died Dec. 31, 1871. Children : 
 Carlton B., born Dec. 33, 1816; married Feb. 20, 1856, Jane L. Hilton, born 
 June 6, 1835, (daughter of John Hilton and Experience Lewis), she died April 7, 
 1866. He married 3d May 8, 1873. Lucinda M. Root, born April 27, 1838, 
 (daughter of John R. Root and Leantha Hedges) ; a farmer in Norwich. Children 
 by first wife : H. L. Nott, born Dec. 7, 1857 ; Frank S., born Aug. 16, 1864. 
 Clarissa, born Jan. 3, 1838 ; married Aug. 1851 ; Carlos Tenney, born July 31, 
 1824, (son of Reuben Tenney and Polly Savage), she died March 15, 1863. He 
 married 3d, June 18, 1873 ; Anna Howard, died Feb. 9, 1880. 
 
 6. Ethan, bom Oct. 14, 1795, died Feb. 9, 1813, unmarried. 
 
 7. Allen, bom Aug. 10, 1787 ; rnarried Feb. 33, 1818, Lucinda Bachelder, 
 bftm Oct. 18, 1794, ( daughter of Jethro Batchelder and Deborah Leavitt of 
 Strafford, Vt.); a manufacturer. He died Sept. 1846. Widow lives in Montpe- 
 lier, Vt. Had several children. 
 
 8. "WOOSTBR, bom Oct. 35, 1799 ; married 183», Nancy Young, born March 
 17, 1805, (daughter of Samuel and Rebecca P. (Burnham) Yoimg.) He died. 
 Jan. 14, 1888. Widow lives in MontpeUer, Vt. Seven children. 
 
463 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 THE STRONG FAMILY. 
 
 From a book entitled " The history of the descendants of Elder John Sti-ong, 
 of Northampton, Mass., by Benjamin W. Dwight," I have selected the genealo- 
 gical record of those members of the Strong family who have been, or now are 
 residents of Hartford, from the 5th to the 9th generation, from the above named 
 American ancestor. 
 
 Elder John Strong was born and hved in England, at Taunton, in Somerset- 
 shire. He came to America in the year 1630, and settled in Dorchester, Mass. 
 He afterwards removed from Dorchester to Windsor. Ct. He hved there several 
 years and from thence removed to Northampton, in the year 1659-60, where he 
 died April 14th, 1699, aged about 94 years. The grandfather of Elder John 
 Strong was, according to tradition, a Roman Cathohc and Uved to a great, age. 
 The Strong family has borne out remarkably, the historical genuineness of its 
 name, in its wide-spread characteristics of physical vigor and longevity, and the 
 large size of very many of its numerous households. Elder Strong was a tanner, 
 and was an extensive land owner in and around Northampton; He had . up to 
 the time of his decease, 160 descendants, viz. : eighteen children, fifteen of whom 
 had famUies; one hundi'ed and fourteen grandchildren, and thirty-three great 
 grandchildren at least. The two eldest and youngest children were 39 years 
 apart in age. His first wife he married in England. She died on the passage, 
 or soon after landing, and in about two months afterwards her infant child {2d 
 child) died also. He married in December, 1630, for a second wife, Abigail Ford, 
 of Dorchester, with whom he lived in wedlock for fifty-eight years. She died, 
 the mother of 16 children, July 6, 1688. She was not, probably, more than 16 
 years of age at her marriage, at which tine he was but 35. 
 
 The Strongs who first settled in Hartford, Vt., were descendants of Lt. Jede- 
 diah Strong, of Lebanon, Ct. (4th gen.), the great gi-andson of Elder John Strong. 
 The genealogical record, beginning with the 4th gen. , is as follows : (quoting 
 those only who have been, or are residents of Hartford.) 
 
 Lt. Jedediah Strong (son of Jedadiah, Jr., and Abiah (IngersoU) Strong), b. 
 Jan. 15, 1700; m. Dec. 4, 1723, Elizabeth Webster, b. Feb. 36, 1700-1; a farmer 
 in Lebanon, Ct. (5th gen.) Children of Lt. Jedediah Strong: Capt. John Strong, 
 b. Sept. 5, 1723. He was a farmer in Hartford, Vt., 1769-73, and is recorded as 
 town clerk for the same period of time, and also appears as a land surveyor. In 
 1773, he, with a few others, began the settlement of Woodstock, Vt. With his 
 son-in-law, Benjamin Burch, he put up a log house and opened the first tavern 
 in the town. (Benjamin Burch kept a tavern in Hartford, Vt., in 1784.) Jede- 
 diah Strong, b. Nov. 8, 1728; m. Jan. 10, 1751, Hepzibah Webster, b. Oct. 31, 
 1737, a farrner iniebanon, Ct. (6th gen.) Children: Jedediah Strong 2d, b. Oct. 
 23, 1751; m. Sept. 1, 1778, Ruth Harper, of E. Windsor, Ct., b. Sept. 1st, 1759 
 (dau. of Dea James Harper and Sarah Burroughs), a farmer and miller in Hart- 
 ford, Vt. (a miller in Centreville, where Moore and Madden now (1888) are run- 
 ning a grist miU). He was elected a selectman in 1794r-95-96-97. He d. Feb. 3S, 
 1833; shed. Sept. 18, 1839. (7th gen.) Children of Jedediah Strong: John Strong, 
 b. Mch. 6, 1793, m. April 15, 1834, Mary Maria Gates, b. Mch. 36, 1804; a farmer 
 and miller (succeeding his father at Centreville) ; pursued a part of the college 
 com-se. He d. Jan. 1, 1857; she d. May 8, 1865. Harper Strong, b. May 18, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 468 
 
 1797; d. in Hartford, Vt., Oct. 28, 1828. (8th gen.) Children of John Strong: 
 John Dwight Sti-ong, b. Nov. 24, 1835; m. June 6, 1865, Delia Morris, b. Sept. 15, 
 1840 (dau. of Edward Morris, of Hartford, Vt.); a miller in Hartford (Oentreville 
 and Hartford village), and afterwards a hardware merchant in Zanesville, O., 
 and at the time of his death a traveling agent in Louisiana and Texas, for the 
 sale of safes. He d. of consumption in Lawrence, Kansas, Sept. 19, 1868. He 
 had one child: Beulah, b. Dec. 30, 1866, in New Orleans, La. (now, Oct., 1888, 
 traveling with her mother in Europe.) Cliarles Harper Strong, b. Mch. 33, 1838; 
 d. May 11, 1851, of quick consumption, at Utica, N. Y. (See D. C. Alumni, 
 1849.) Mary Annette Sti-ong, b. Apr. 19, 1833; m. Sept. 13, 1860, as his 3d wife, 
 Stephen Guthrie, a merchant in Zanesville, O., for 35 years, and since 1850 a 
 manufacturer of salt there. Edward Payson Strong, b. Nov. 5, 1889; m. Sept. 
 13, 1865, Mary C. Guthiie, b. Deo. 5, 1845 (dau. of Stephen H. Guthrie and Ruth 
 Metcalf, his first wife). James Henry Strong, b. May 3, 1842; d. July 36, 1843. 
 
 5. Solomon Strong (5th gen. , son of Lt. Jedediah Strong and Ehzabeth Web- 
 ster), b. Oct. 6, 1730; m. about 1756, Mary White, b. Oct. 16, 1738, who d. June 
 10, 1777; and he m. for 3d wife, July 5, 1782, Mary Hutchinson, nee Wilson, b. 
 Aug., 1744, (whose dau. Abigail was the wife of Hon. William Strong, M. C.) 
 He was a farmer and surveyor in Lebanon, Ct., and after the summer of 1764,in 
 Hartford, Vt., of which he was one of the first settlers. He was a selectman in 
 1765, '66, '67 and '68, and held other town offices. The first meeting of the pro- 
 prietors of the town of Hartford, held within the town, was held in his house, 
 which was located not far from where Ezra Champion now lives. He d. Sept. 
 26, 1800, in Hartford. She d. March 21, 1833. (6th gen.J: Freelove Strong, b. 
 Jan. 20, 1857. Molly Strong, b. June 3, 1758. Lydia Strong, b. March 17, 1760. 
 Solomon Strong, Jr., b. Jan. 19, 1763; m. March 12, 1795, Ruth Tracy of Hart- 
 foi'd, Vt. ; a :Jarmer in Hartford, Vt. (7th gen.): Children of Solomon Strong, Jr. , 
 Allen Tracy Sti-ong, b. Dec. 16, 1795; m. Mary Hart, b. in Dunbarton, April 30, 
 1802; a farmer in Hartford, Vt. He d. in Hyde Park, Vt., May 18, 1857. She 
 resided in Hartland, Vt. (8th gen.): Wm. Gideon Strong, b. in Hartford, Deo. 
 3, 1846; m. in 1868, in Manchester, N. H.., D. Hurd; resided in 1871, in Hartland, 
 Vt. (6th gen.): James Strong, (son of Solomon Strong and Mary White), b. May 
 3, 1768; m. in 1799, Catherine Clifford of Canaan, N. H., b. Feb. 34, 1780, (dau. 
 of Jacob Cnflord and Priscilla Howe); a farmer in Hartford, Vt., (1789-1817); Sha- 
 ron, Vt., and Clean, N. Y., (1819-21); at Burton, N. Y., (1831-52). He d. April 20, 
 1839; she d. Aug. 16, 1852. (7th gen.): Children of James Strong, Almeda Strong, 
 b. in Hartford, Vt., Dec. 20, 1799; m. Nov. 17, 1822, Gideon Bingham of Royal- 
 ton, Vt., a farmer. He d. there June, 1865: she d. March, 1858; ch. 2. 
 
 6. Elijah Strong (5th gen., son of Lt. Jedediah and Elizabeth Webster), b. 
 Aug. 11, 1738; m. March 18, 1756, Ruth Loomis, b. June 14, 1729; a farmer in 
 Lebanon, Ct. , and Hartford, Vt. ; came to Hartford in 1764, and settled at the 
 Centre of the town. He was elected town clerk in 1768, and served one year. 
 He was elected a selectman in 1764, '65, 1770. He was one of the Council of Cen- 
 sors in 1813. He was clerk for the proprietors of the town from 1766 to 1775. He 
 
 d. in 1774-5; she d. . After his death, a considerable portion of his real 
 
 estate was purchased of his heirs by Elijah Mason, grandfather of Mrs. Lucretia 
 Garfield, widow of the late President Garfield. (6th gen.): Children of Elijah 
 
464 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Strong, Olive Strong, b. Jan. 7, 1758, in Lebanon, Ct. Elizabeth Strong, b. June 
 10, 1759, in Lebanon, Ct.; m. March 3, 1780, Jonathan Reynolds, and had a dau., 
 Ruth Reynolds, b. Dec, 1784, who m. a Mr. Gilbert. Elijah {2), b. July 4, 1760, 
 in Lebanon, Ct. Ruth Strong, b. Aug. 19, 1763, in Lebanon, Ct. Submit Strong, 
 b. Oct. 19, 1763, in Lebanon, Ct. Joanna Strong. John Strong, lived and died 
 in Bridgewater, Vt. Ebenezer Strong, b. Feb. 13, 1770, in Hartford, Vt. Ann 
 Strong. 
 
 7. Benajah Strong (5th gen., son of Lt. Jedediah and Elizabeth "Webster), 
 b. Jan. 17' 1784-5; m. Polly Bacon of Lebanon, Ct. ; a farmer and surveyor in 
 Hartford, Vt., in wliich town he settled with his brothers Solomon and Elijah in 
 1764. He was town clerk of Hartford from March 13, 1765, to March 8, 1768, 
 and in 1774 constable and commissioner of highways. His first wife d. Aug. 8, 
 1790. Soon after her death he removed to Bethel, Vt. , and there m. for his 2nd 
 wife Widow Elizabeth Wilson. He d. in Bethel, March, 1815; she was b. May, 
 1748, and d. Jan. 26, 1831. (6th gen.): Children of Benajah Strong, Barnabas 
 Strong, a revolutionary soldier; m. Lydia (dau. of Soloinon Strong); a farmer, 
 settled on the Holland Purchase in N. Y. ; had five children,one of them, Charles, 
 a lawyer. Polly Strong, b. Dec. 13, 1760, in Lebanon, Ct. ; m. Ashbel Smith of 
 Hartford, Vt. She d. Oct, 17, 1806; he d. in New Haven, Ct. Hon. Wm. Strong, 
 b. in 1763, in Lebanon, Ct.,_ (See biogi-aphical sketch of Mr. Strong in another 
 portion of this work). Mercy Strong, m. July 13, 1786, Isaac Hincher; he d. Feb. 
 9, 1840; she d. Aug., 1848. The issue of this mai-riage were 8 children. Eliza- 
 beth Strong, m. Simeon Brooks of Bethel, Vt. Tryphenia Strotig, b. June 13, 
 1770; m. Joel English of Woodstock, July 35, 1788; he d. Dec. 19, 1853, she d. 
 Dec. 38, 1846; eight children. Dea. Benajah Strong, b. Deo. 8, 1771; m. July, 
 1798, Polly Bacon, b. 1778; a cooper in Bethel, Vt. Fredonia Strong, m. Lem- 
 uel Wood of Randolph, Vt. ; ch. 4. Lydia Strong, m. Henry Walbridge of Ran- 
 dolph, Vt. ; ch. 10. (6th gen.): Children of Hon. Wm. Strong and Abigail 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 1. Almira Strong, b. Dec. 14, 1795; m. Eleazer Davis, a merchant in Hart- 
 ford village, made suddenly insane for Ufe about 1830, by falling into a sti-eam. 
 whose bank caved under his feet in a freshet. He d. about 1836, and she m. for 
 her 2d husband, Gen. O. H. Nichols; she d. of cancer, Sept. 5, 1850, and he m. 
 again; ch. 3 by Mr. Davis. 
 
 3. Jasper Strong, b. May 5, 1798; m. Widow Underbill, nee Nixon, of New 
 Orleans, La. She d. without issue, and he m. for his 3d wife her sister, Eliza 
 Julia Nixon. He was graduated at West Point, and stationed as an officer of 
 the IT. S. A. at Baton Rouge, La. He resigned his commission, and, in com- 
 pany with a Mr. Underbill, a class-mate at West Point, took the contract, after 
 building two forts below New Orleans, of building Ft. Pickens at Pensacola,Fla., 
 for $900,000. Underbill dying the first season of the contract. Strong carried the 
 job through to completion, and divided half the profits, $300,000, with the heirs 
 of Underhill. He afterwards built Ft. Barancas, and other fortifications at Pen- 
 sacola. He owned, at the breaking out of the late rebellion, about 100 middle- 
 aged slaves, all mechanics, and aU at work for the Government at $1.50 per day. 
 He was a man of very superior executive abilities; he d. in Quechee, Vt., Nov. 
 6, 1865. Children by second wife: Henry Chase Strong. Harvey Leverich 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 465 
 
 Strong. Jasper Strong, d. at Pensacola, Fla., of yellow fever. Charles Mahews 
 Strong. Mentoria Nixon Strong. John Hunt Strong, d. of brain fever near 
 Benton, Miss. 
 
 3. Lauba Strong, b. May 3, 1800; m. June 19, 1823, Dr. Thomas Carter. She 
 d. of a cancer, Oct. 7, 1850; children: William Strong Carter, m. Mary Jones; 
 children: William E. Carter, Louisa Maria Carter. Mary Carter, m. Henry Wal- 
 cott; she d. ; children: Fanny Walcott, Laura Walcott. Laura Carter, m. Oscar 
 F. Barron; children: Laura Amanda Barron, Mary Barron, FranMin O. i^arron, 
 Ozias Barron, Thomas Strong Carter. 
 
 4. Thomas J. Strong, b. Mch. 11, 1803; d. Feb. 7, 1857, unm. 
 
 5. Albert Gallatin Strong, b. May, 1804; d. Oct., 1837, on return from a 
 whaling voyage. 
 
 6. Emily Strong, b. Apr. 33, 1807; m. June, 1840, Hon. Albert Gallatin 
 Dewey, b. Dec. 16, 1805 (son of John Dewey and Mary "Wright, who were m. 
 Jan. 33, 1805; he d. Nov. 33, 1833, and was the son of Joshua Dewey, of Lebanon, 
 Ct.) She d. Apr. 38, 1875. He m. 3d, Eveline Trumbull. (See biographies). 
 Children: William Strong Dewey, h. Aug. 3, 1841; a manufacturer of woolens 
 in Quechee ; represented Hartford ia Legislature 1886-7; elected trustee of pubUo 
 money, 1887-8-9; not mamed in 1888. John Jasper Dewey, b. Apr. 8, 1846; m. 
 Jan. 21, 1869, Anna Frances Metcalf, of Boston, b. Jan. 16, 1847 (dau. of Erastus 
 B. Metcalf, b. in Franklin, Mass., Aug. 9, 1820, and Anna Sophia Downs, b. Nov. 
 11, 1830; m. Apr., 1841; d. Dec. 9, 1866); a member of the firm of A. G. Dewey 
 & Co., extensive manufacturers in Quechee, Vt. Children: Alice Louise Dewey, 
 b. Aug. 19, 1870 ; Ida G., b. Dec. 19, 1873 ;' Annie M., b. Jan. 24, 1875 ; Mary 
 M., b. Jan. 21, 1877; Emily D., b. March 6, 1885. Emma Frances Dewey, b. 
 July 16, 1848; m. Apr. 19, 1878, Henry C. Dennison, of New Bedford, Mass. 
 (son of Daniel Dennison and ParmeUa Head.) 
 
 7. John Palmer Strong, b. June, 1809; m. Sarah Fifield, of Orange, Vt.; a 
 woolen manufacturer in Quechee, Vt. Children: Geo. W. Strong, Helen Strong. 
 
 8. George Strong, b. in 1810; d. young. 
 
 9. Charles Strong, b. May 13, 1814; m. Sept. 7, 1853, Abby Greely, b. Sept. 
 6, 1830 ; a farmer in Lebanon, N. H. , in 1871 ; a woolen manufacturer in Quechee 
 Vt., 1836-41; an inventor of valuable improvements in combinations of ver- 
 tical and horizontal motion^ Children: Frank, b. Miay 1, 1853; d. Apr. 5, 1859. 
 Fanny E., b. Sept. 39, 1856. Wm. Greely, b. June 1, 1858. Grace E., b. June 13, 
 1864. 
 
 THE TILDEN FAMILY. 
 
 Stephen Tilden, of Lebanon, Ct., removed from that town to Hartford, Vt., 
 in 1767, and settled on the south side of White river, about two miles above 
 White River Junction. He purchased of Samuel Porter, one of the original 
 proprietors of the town, Aug. 37, 1761, one whole right, or proprietor's share, 
 contairdng about 400 acres of land, for the sum of ten shillings (|3.50). Under 
 the distribution of land by pitches to the original right of Samuel Porter, Mr. 
 Tilden acquired 90 acres of land, now owned and occupied by Mr. EKjah Bur- 
 roughs, which he gave to his son, Josiah, Sept. 3, 1783. He next pitched lot 
 
 30 
 
466 HISTORY OF HARTFOED. 
 
 No. 63, of the second 100-aore division, drawn to the original right of Samuel 
 Porter. This lot he gave to his son, Stephen,;jr., Sept. 3, 1784. It is now owned 
 and occupied by Mr. Wm. E. Dutton. On the 13th of August, 1797, he gave to 
 his son, Asa, one-half of the home farm, or 80 acres adjoining, on the south, the 
 home farm of Thomas Tracy, on which Leonard Trumbull now lives. In 1791, 
 and later, Mr. Tilden purchased several other original rights and portions of 
 rights, some of which he held until his death. 
 
 Mr. Tilden was an inteUigent, public-spirited citizen, and was prominently 
 identified with the civil and military affairs of the State and his town during his 
 life time. He is first mentioned in the town records in 1775, when he was chosen 
 a highway surveyor, and one of a committee to have charge of the school lands 
 of the town. In 1776, he was one of the Committee of Safety, and was also 
 Commissioner of Highways. He represented the town in the Legislature in 
 1778, '83, '84, '85, dui-ing which sessions he was placed on important committees 
 — first, as one of the Committee on War; secondly, as one of a committee to 
 draw a letter forbidding delegates from Cumberland County to sit in the Provin- 
 cial Congress of the State of New Yoi-k, and also one of a committee to consider 
 proceedings of the Court of Confiscation. In 1776, he voted in favor of the 
 Bettbement Act. In the troublous events of the Revolutionary period, and 
 during the controversy with New York, he was loyal to the best interests of the 
 State. In 1780-81, he was one of the selectmen of the town. In all positions of 
 trust he was faithful, energetic, and unselfish, and by his upright conduct in- 
 voked even the universal esteem of his political enemies. Though lacking in 
 book knowledge, he derived from experience a fvmd of solid knowledge of a 
 practical kind, and tliis, with instincts that led him, generally, in the right 
 direction, fitted him well for the duties incumbent upon him, both in private and 
 in public life. 
 
 FAMILY KBCORD. 
 
 Stephen Tilden (son of Stephen Tilden and Isabel Tednaugh), b. in Lebanon, 
 Ct., inl734; m. 1st, April 33, 1749, Abigail Richardson; shed, in 1798. Hem. 3d, 
 Widow Jerusha Farman; he d. March, 1818. She m. 3d, April 7, 1815, Abel 
 Marsh of Queohee, Vt. , fHartf ord). Their children were : 
 
 1. Abigail, b. May 19, 1751; m. Benjamin Wright. 
 
 3. Stephen, b. March 19, 1753; m. Sept. 7, 1785, Roxalena Powell, b. Sept. 39, 
 1766, (dau. of Rowland Powell); she d. Oct. 21, 1797. He m, 3d, Oct. 11, 1798, 
 Elizabeth Tilden, b. Sept. 1, 1775. He d. Sept. 8, 1836; she d. Feb. 1, 1867. Chil- 
 dren by first wife: Lanson and Lyman, b. May 21, 1786; Lanson d. June 3, 1786, 
 
 Lyman m. Abigail Hersey, d. April 17, 1845. Lucinda, b. Oct. 6, 1787; m. 
 
 Bunnell, d. April 18, 1854. Joshua, b. March 7, 1790; m. Squiers, d. Oct. 
 
 5, 1846. Luther, b. March 8, 1792, d. March 1, 1852. Lucy, b. March 36, 1794; m. 
 Othnial Clapp, d. Aug. 15, 1791. Stephen 3d, b. May 38, 1796. Children by 3d 
 wife: Jedediah Norton, b. Dec. 10, 1799; m. Dec. 6, 1830, Arabella Lombard, b. 
 July 30, 1813; he d. Aug. 3, 1867, she d. Dec. 6, 1860. Elizabeth, b. July 3,1801; 
 m. Daniel Robertson. Norman, b. Feb. 21, 1806; lives in West Lebanon, N. H., 
 unm. Sarah M., b. Aug. 38, 1808, d. Aug. 21, 1868, unm. Daniel, b. March 11, 
 1814; m. July 17, 1844, Emily Jones, b. Feb. 13, 1833; she d. May 34, 1865; he lives 
 in W. Lebanon, N. H. 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 467 
 
 The children of Daniel and Emily (Jones) Tilden, are: Martha J., h. June 16, 
 1848; resides unm. in W. Lebanon, N. H. Stephen H., b. May 31, 1851; m. 
 Sept. 7, 1876, Lucy A. Hubbard, b. Jan. 4, 1856, (dau. of James and Sarah J. 
 (Alden) Hubbard of Lebanon, N. H. Oh. 3. Ellen M.,h. Jan. 35, 1855; m. 
 June 30, 1876, George H. Taylor, b. May 10, 1853, (son of John Taylor). Ch. 3. 
 Achsah, b. July 10, 1857; resides, unm. in West- Lebanon, N. H. 
 
 3. Thboday, b. July 18, 1755; m. James Richardson. 
 
 4. Joshua, b. April 19, 1757, d. at ag^ of 16. 
 
 5. JosiAH, b. AprU 19, 1760; m. Jan. 14, 1790, Elizabeth Ti-acy, b. AprU 15, 
 1765, (dau. of Thomas Tracy and Elizabeth Warner); a farmer and hotel-keeper 
 in Hartford. She d. June 3, 1800; he m. 3d, Susannah Clark, b., Feb. 18, 1779, 
 (dau. of John Clark and Deborah Mosely). She d. Dec. 3, 1844. ChUdi-en: Eliza- 
 beth, b. Sept. 13, 1791. Nabba, b. March 31, 1793. Josiah T., b. Feb. 13, 1795. d. 
 Aug. 14, 1830; (See D. C. Alumni, 1819). Joseph F., b. March 3, 1797; m. Clem- 
 entina Lyman, Jan. 16, 1838. Myi-a, b. Feb. 11, 1799. Daniel C, b. Dec. 5, 1801, 
 d. June 15, 1810. Alpa, b. Aug. 33, 1803. Lucius W., b. Aug. 37, 1805. Oren, 
 b. July 36, 1807. JuUus C, b. Sept. 7, 1809. Frances M., b. Aug. 31, 1811; m. 
 Samuel Smith; she d. Nov. 35, 1883, he d. Oct. 7, 1887. Caroline L., b. July 13, 
 1816; m. June 34, 1845, Wm. Hatch (son of Benj. Hatch and Susan Dutton); he 
 d. Oct. 38, 1885. George W., b. June 30, 1819; m. March 17, 1850, Cynthia L. 
 Bugbee. Sarah S., b. Jan. 33, 1836; m. Aug. 7, 1844, Edward Hazen. (SeeHa- 
 zen family). 
 
 6. Esther, b. May 15, 1763; d. May 5, 1777. 
 
 7. Mary, (nothing besides her name appears of record.) 
 
 8. Asa, b. 1768; m. Feb. 14, 1793, Hannah FoUett, b. Nov. 5, 1773 (dau. of 
 Benjamin and Thankful Follett.) He d. Apr. 33, 1850; she d. Aug. 19,1862. 
 CMldren: Achsah, b. Dec. 33, 1793; d. Apr. 13, 1880, unm. Parthena, b. Dec. 3, 
 1795; d. Feb. 30, 1880, unm. Louisa, b. Feb. 38, 1798; m. Jan. 38, 1818, Ahnon 
 Bennett; d. July 14, 1862. Horace, b. Mch., 38, 1800; m. Lucy Waldo. Cyrus, 
 b. July 4, 1803; m. Jan. 38, 1832, Eliza MUler; d. Sept. 7, 1805. 
 
 THE TRACY FAMILY. 
 
 The immigrant ancestor of the Traceys, who were among the first settlers of 
 Hartford, was Stephen Tracy who came to Plymouth, Mass., in the ship Ann, in 
 1623. John Tracy, his son, born in 1673, lived in Duxbury, but d. in Windliam, 
 Ct., in 1718. He married Maiy Prince and had by her two sons, John, Jr., and 
 Stephen, and a daughter, Alphia, who married a Span'ow; John, Jr., Uved in 
 Duxbury. Had a daughter, Sarah, who d. in Windham, Ct., unmarried. 
 
 1. Stephen, son of John, Sen., bom in 1673, m. Deborah Bingham, June 36, 
 1707; d. Dec. 19, 1769. Their children were: Mary, b. Aug. 26, 1708. Prince, 
 b. Jan. 37, 1710. Deborah, b. June 8, 1714. John, b. Apr. 35, 1718. James, b. 
 June 15, 1730. Nathaniel, b. June, 2, 1723; d. Oct. 11, 1750. Thomas, b. Aug. 
 19, 1735. 
 
468 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 2. Prince, son of Stephen (1), -was chosen clerk of the charter proprietors at 
 then- first meeting held in Windham, Ct., Aug. 31, 1761, and also, at the same 
 time, was chosen one of the three selectmen of the town. He acquired by pur- 
 chase an extensive landed property in this town and was for some time a resident 
 of the town. He was a very efficient clerk, a sagacious business man, and his 
 penmanship was exceedingly fine. He was one of the charter proprietors. 
 
 3. James, son of Stephen (1), m. Susannah Bishop, May 26, 1748, and d. in Ft. 
 Edward, Sept. 21, 1856. Children: Stephen, b. Apr. 27, 1749. Nathaniel, b. 
 Oct. 31, 1750. 
 
 4. Thomas, sou of Stephen (1), m. Oct. 28, 1751j EHzabeth "Warner, b. 1727, in 
 "Windham, Ct. He d. Jan. 38, 1821, ae. 95; she d. Mch. 35, 1811, se. 73. Thomas 
 Tracy was one of the charter proprietors of Hartford, and in the first division of 
 land by lottery, drew " No. 16," on Connecticut river, south of White river. 
 April 20, 1780, he bought the whole right of Nathaniel Holbrook. May 35, 1781, 
 he bought the whole right of Daniel Newcomb. These purchases, with his own 
 right, arid the pitches he made, gave him the proprietorship of about 1400 acres 
 of land. He took a prominent part in the municipal affairs of the proprietors 
 and the town; served as lieuteflant in the mihtia doing frontier service, and was 
 an upright, highly esteemed citizen. Children: 
 
 Mary, b. Nov. 12, 1752. James, b. Jan. 28, 1760. 
 
 Andrew, b. Aug. 1, 1754. Thomas, b. Sept. 4, 1761. 
 
 Deborah, b. March 10, 1756. Joseph, b. July 18, 1763. 
 
 Susanna, b. July 7, 1758. Elizabeth, b. April 15, 1765. 
 
 All of these children were born in Windham, Ct. The fom' sons, Andrew, 
 James, Thomas and Joseph,probably cameto Hartford with their parents in 1778- 
 9. Andrew bought of Asa Hazen the 100-acre lot, cornprising the present home 
 farm of his grandson, Charles Tracy, and there settled in 1788. Jg,mes settled 
 where Leonard Trumbull now lives, which was the home farm of his father, 
 Thomas Tracy. Joseph settled on the place subsequently occupied by his son, 
 Dea. Samuel Tracy, and now owned by Harper T. Hazen. 
 
 ANDREW TRACY'S FAMILY. 
 
 5. Andrew (son of Thomas (4), b. Aug. 1, 1754; m. Deo. 2, 1784, Sarah BUss, 
 b. 1763, (dau. of David BUss and Polly Porter); a farmer in Hartford, Vt. ; was 
 register of deeds several years, and held various town offices. He d. Aug. 26, 
 1803; she d. in 1814, se 52. Children: James C. and John (twins), b. Sept. 3, 1785. 
 But little is known of James C. Tracy. He was appointed a deputy sheriff of 
 Windsor Co. in 1818 ; defalcated and absconded, and never returned to Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 6. John Tracy (son of Andrew (5), b. Sept. 3, ,1785; m. Dec. 26, 1811, Clarissa 
 Delano, b. July 9, 1791, (dau. of Zebulon Delano and Lusina Powell); a black- 
 smith in Hartford. She d. Aug. 9, 1837; he m. 2d, Fanny Smith of Vershire, Vt. 
 He d. Aug. 31, 1865. Children by his first wife: Mary Emeline, b. Sept. 31, 1813; 
 m. April 5, 1831, George H. Gates; he. d. Jan. 18, 1857. James Carlton, b. July 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 469 
 
 13, 1814; m. Aug. 19, 1839, Harriet Hazen. Lionel C, b. Feb. 8, 1816; m. March 
 38, 1841, Mary Ann Button, b. Sept. 30, 1817, (dau. of Silas Dutton and Hepzi- 
 bah Black. He d. April 3, 1871, leaving one dau., Altha Stella, b. July 31, 1845; 
 m. Wm. E. Dutton, Nov. 14," 1866. Harvey Nelson, b. Nov. 7, 1817; living in Col- 
 orado. George A., b. Aug. 13, 1819; m. July 16, 1867, Mary T. Black of Charles- 
 ton, S. C, b. Oct., 1839, (dau. of Alex W. and Harriet S. Black); she d. Aug. 6, 
 1880; he m. 3d, Lizzie' Preston, b. June 13, 1853, (dau. of Charles Preston and 
 Martha Morse); a blacksmith in Hartford. Clarissa L., b. Sept. 16, 1831; m. 
 April 10, 1843, John C. Worth; d. Oct. 3, 1846. John L., b. April 11, 1834; m. 
 Jan. 31, 1849, Deborat Myera. Lusina, b. Feb. 38, 1839; m. Edvein C. Chandler; 
 d. Jan. 38, 1873. Ann, b. Jan. 17, 1831; d. Feb. 31, 1831. 
 
 7. Thomas Tracy son of Andrew (5), b. Dec. 21, 1787; m. March 15, 1835, Es- 
 ther P. Lamphere, b. Aug. 1, 1789; a farmer in Hartford. He d. April 7, 1871; 
 she d. July 17, 1879. Children: Charles, b. Oct. 24, 1827; m. 1st, Jan. 22, 1866, 
 Amanda D. Babcock, b. Feb. 33, 1837, (dau. of Henry and Abigail Babcock of 
 New Brunswick); she d. July 19, 1881. He m. 3d, June 85, 1887, Mary Roberts, 
 b. Oct. 17, 1853, (dau. of Lucien Roberts and Adeline Roberts); a farmer in Hart- 
 ford; children 2. 
 
 8. Deborah, (dau. of Andrew (5), b. March 10, 1790, d. March 33, 1773, unm. 
 
 9. Stephen and Naomi, children of Andrew (5), (twins), b. Oct. 15, 1793, d. 
 Nov. 3, 1793. 
 
 10. Polly, (dau. of Andrew (5), b. May 33, 1794, m. Nov. 6, 1816, Thos. Porter 
 Moore, b. Oct, 16, 1785, (son of Thomas Moore and Mary Whiting). She d. Oct. 
 35, 1842. Their childi-en were: Infant dau. b. Sept. 38, 1817; Sarah B., b. Dec. 
 26, 1818; Andrew W.. b. April 30, 1830; Thomas P., b. Nov. 33, 1831; Cyrus T., 
 b. March 7, 1833; Nathaniel D., b. June 18, 1834; Solomon H., b. Sept. 34, 1835; . 
 Horace D., b. March 5, 1837; Edson J., b. Feb. 38, 1828; Wm. H, b. July 14, 
 1829; Nancy A., b. Aug. 11, 1830; Almira A., b. June 33, 1833; Iniant son, b. 
 Aug. 7. 1833; Zuar, b. Sept. 6,'l834; Frances E., b. Oct. 4, 1836. 
 
 11. Cyrus, son of Andrew (5), b. Nov. 18, 1796, m. April, 1839, Mary P. FuUam, 
 b. Jan. 3, 1810, (dau. of Levi FuUam and Sally Hale). He d. Feb. 35, 1879. 
 Children-: Sarah H., b. Jan. 18, 1841, livmg in Norwich, single; Cyrus, b. 
 Oct. 8, 1844; Jas. B., b. Sept. 1, 1847; Mary B., b. Sept. 39, 1849. 
 
 13. Elizabeth, (dau. of Andrew (5), b. Feb. 33, 1800, d. Sept. 7, 1881, single. 
 
 13. James Tracy, (son of Thomas (4), b. Jan. 38, 1760, m. Oct. 32, 1795, Mercy 
 Richmond, b. June 15, 1773, (dau. of Ebenezer and Mercy Richmond), a farmer 
 in Hartford. Clerk of the charter proprietors 1800 to 1809, treasurer of the 
 town 1802 to 1838 inclusive. He d. Sept. 19, 1834. She d. Oct. 19, 1859. Chil- 
 dren. 
 
 14. Ebenezer, b. July 18, 1796, m. Feb. 32, 1837, Anna Richmond, b. Oct. 2, 
 1803, (dau, of GUbert Richmond and Mary WilUams). He d. Sept. 23, 1864. She 
 d. Jan. 3, 1889. Children: J. H. Tracy, b. June 6, 1828; Edward L., b. May 
 32, 1833; Andrew E., b. May 36, 1837. 
 
 15. Andrew, b. Dec. 15, 1797, d. Oct. 38, 1867. (See biographies). 
 
 16. Jambs Harvey, b. July 19, 1800, m. Nov., 1835, Harriet Trumbull, b. 
 Oct. 9, 1810, (dau. of David Trumbull and Hannah Richardson), a farmer in 
 
470 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 Hartford. He d. March 17, 1885. She d. Dec. 16, 1878. Children: Julia 
 Harriet, b. Sept. 17, 1836, living (Jan. 1, 1888), unm.; Susan Eugenia, b. Jan. 
 29, 1838, d. March 23, 1841; Jak'es Harvey M., b. Feb. 17, 1843, d. by suicide, 
 July 33, 1873; Emma Arabella, b. April 10, 1844, unmarried in 1888; Anna 
 Elizabeth, b. Jan. 14, 1847, unmarried in 1888; Kate Florence, b. Aug. 35, 1849, 
 unmarried in 1888. 
 
 17. Elisha Richmond, b, Aug. 13, 1803, d. March 10, 1834, unm. 
 
 18. Dan Wright, b. Aug. 13, 1805, d. June 13, 1855, unm. 
 
 19. Susannah, b. June 38, 1807, m. March 1833, Wm. Taylor. Died Nov. 14, 
 1888. 
 
 20. Edward P., b. July 27, 1809, d. July 18, 1833, unm. 
 
 21. Anna S., b. Nov. 19, 1811, d. Feb. 5, 1813. 
 
 33. Arabella, d. an infant. 
 
 23. Joseph Tbacey, son of Thomas (4), b. in Windham, Ct., July 18, 1763, m. 
 Dec. 36, 1793, Ruth Carter, b. Dec. 7, 1773, a farmer in Hartford, Vt. He was a 
 pious, intelligent and companionable man. Had no taste for public office, but 
 was fond of study, and was a civilian of the highest type. He transmitted to 
 his sons high qualities of intellect and character. He secured for his children 
 the best education compatible with his means. Four of his sons were ministers 
 of the Gospel. Tliree of them graduated from Dartmouth College — Joseph Car- 
 ter, 1814; Ebenezer Carter, 1819; Ira Carter, 1829. Joseph, the parent, d. March 
 10, 1839. His wife d. Feb. 30, 1845. Children: 
 
 34. Joseph Jr., b. Nov. 3, 1793, d. Beverly, Mass., March 37, 1874. (See D. 
 C, Alumni 1814). 
 
 35. Ebenezer Carter, b. June 10, 1796, d. in Windsor, Vt., May 15, 1862. 
 - (See D. C, Alumni, 1819). 
 
 26. Myron, b. April 30, 1798, d. Hudson, O., March 37, 1855. 
 
 37. Wm. Warner, b. Dec. 13, 1801. 
 
 38. Ira, b. Jan. 15, 1806, d. Bloomington, lU., Nov. 10, 1875. (See D. C. 
 Alumni, 1839). 
 
 29. Samuel, b. April 14, 1808, m. May 7, 1833, Emeline Newton, b. Nov., 1815, 
 (dau. of Shelden Newton and Nancy Wilder), a farmer in Hartford, on the old 
 homestead till 1854, when he moved to Platteville, Wis., where he now (1888) 
 Hves. He was a deacon of the Congregational church, Hartford Village, up- 
 wards of twenty years. Children: Lucia M., b. Feb. 20, 1834, d. April 2, 1842; 
 Martha E., b. Dec, 29, 1836; Mary W., b. July 31, 1838, d. Oct. 31, 1839; Eliza- 
 beth N., b. March 35, 1841; Samuel M., b. AprU 30, 1847; Alice E., b. Aug. 11, 
 1853. 
 
 30. Stephen, b. Feb. 25, 1810, d. in Andover,.Mass., Jan. 13, 1873. 
 
 31. Ezra, b. June 5, 1813, d. in Hartford, Aug. 5, 1813. 
 
 THE TRUMBULL FAMILY. 
 
 The history of this family is limited to David Harper Trumbull, and the first 
 two generations of his descendants. 
 
 David Harper Trumbull, b. in East Wiodsor, Ct. , in July, 1773, m. Oct. 19, 
 1800, Hannah Richardson, b. Jan., 1778. He came from Connecticut to Hartford 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 471 
 
 in 1795. On the 34th of March, 1797, he and his partner in business purchased a 
 half interest in the mills then standing on the north bank of White river, in 
 White River Village. This and other real estate they sold to Joseph Don-, June 
 24, 1805. Subsequently he entered into partnership with Joseph Don- and Geo. 
 W. Zeigler, in the business of distilling and milling in White River Village, in 
 which they continued until the death of Mr. Dorr, in 1831. On the 23d of 
 November, 1832, Mr. Trumbull leased the property, comprising a grist null, saw 
 miU, oil mill and distillery, and continued in business at this point until his death, 
 July 3, 1838. His wife d. Apr. 16, 1856. Children: 
 
 David Harper, Jr., b. July 25, 1803. 
 
 Sarah, b. May 9, 1804; m. Nov. 15, 1836, Justin C. Brooks, b. Mch. 16, 1806 
 (son of Zerah and Lydia Brooks), a merchant in Hartford, Vt. He d. Oct. 20, 
 1875; she d. May 30, 1886. Children: Henry, b. Aug. 30, 1837; d. Mch. 17, 1833. 
 George T., b. Nov. 30, 1833; m. Jan. 2, 1862, Georgia E. Wilson. Sarah, b. Oct. 
 22, 1835; m. Dec. 29, 1858, Justus W. French, a manufacturer in Hartford — one 
 of the firm of French, Watson & Co. ; a very estimable gentleman, and valuable 
 citizen. He d. Sept. 5, 1874. WyUys, b. June 14, 1842; m. Sept. 33, 1875, in 
 Louisville, Ky, Hattie Smith Russell. He d. in Hartford, July 31, 1881. EUen 
 .Louise, b. May 26, 1844; resides in Hartford, unm; is postmistress in Hartford 
 Village. 
 
 Asaph, b. Mch. 36, 1806; d. Apr. 13, 1813. 
 
 Eveline, b. Jun^ 36, 1808; m. Aug. 31, 1876, A. G. Dewey. He. d. Aug. 36 
 1886. 
 
 Harriet, b. Oct. 9, 1810; m. Nov. 4, 1835, J. H. Tracy. (SeeTi-acy Family.) 
 
 Ouy, b. Jan. 15, 1812. 
 
 Horace, b. Oct. 4, 1814; m. Nov. 20, 1847, Moriah H. Gordon. She d. Apr. 10, 
 1854. Hem. 3d, Oct. 31, 1860, Almira, nee Root^Clapp. She d. July 5, 1880. 
 Children by first wife: Leonard G., b. April 11, 1850; m. May 37, 1886, Emma L. 
 Taylor. He is a farmer residing on the old Tracy homestead. Horace F.,b. 
 Dec. 30, 1852; d. Dec. 15, 1880. Child by second wife: Allie Maria, b. July 30, 
 1863; m. Jan. 37, 1882, Wm. Kolbe. Ch. 3. 
 
 THE TUCKER FAMILY. 
 
 Most of the Tuckers in New England are descendants of Robert Tucker, who 
 came from England about 1630, and first settled in Weymouth, Mass. , and after- 
 wards, in 1639, moved to Milton, Mass. 
 
 1. Joseph Tuckee, a hneal descendant of Robert, in the 5th generatioii, and 
 born in Kingston, N. H., June 9, 1753, was probably the first member of this 
 family who settled in Vermont. He married, June 1, 1783, EUzabeth Rollins, 
 bom in Exeter, N. H., Aug. 1, 1759, and settled in Andover, N. H., in June, 1783, 
 from which town he moved to Norwich, Vt., in 1788. He bought 160 acres of 
 land, most of which was heavily timbered, and which he cleared with his own 
 hands. On this place he lived the remainder of his life — 53 years. Prior to his 
 marriage he served as a private soldier in the revolutionary war. 
 
 At the time Mr. and Mrs. Tucker came from Andover, they left their first-born 
 child, Betsy, with relatives in Andover. After they had built a log house, Mrs. 
 
472 HISTORY OF HARTFORD, 
 
 Tucker returned to Andover on horseback, the only road being a bridle-path 
 and brought back her daughter, and a feather-bed, and other things, on horse- 
 back, a distance of 45 miles. 
 
 (SECOND GENEEATION)— CHILDREN OP JOSEPH AND ELIZABETH (EOLLINS) TUCKER. 
 
 1. Betsy, b. in Andover, N. H., Oct. 3, 1784; d. in Albion, Me., Oct., 1868. 
 
 2. Joseph Jr., b. in Andover, N. H., July 8, 1786; kiUed at the raising of a 
 barn in Norwich, July 4, 1808. 
 
 3. Nathaniel, b. in Norwich, Vt., Oct. 8, 1788; suffocated in a burning buUd- 
 ing in Boston, April 10, 1847. 
 
 4. Hannah, b. in Norwich, Vt., Jan. 26, 1791; d. in West Hartford, Aug. 4, 
 
 1878. 
 
 5. Lydia, b. in Norwich, Vt., Oct. 9, 1793; d. in DanviUe, Vt., June 6, 1846. 
 
 6. David, b. in Norwich, Vt., Feb. 14, 1796; d. in Waterbury, Ct., Jan. 9, 
 
 1842. • J. . . 
 
 7. James, b. in Norwich, Vt., March 6, 1798; d. (place unknown). 
 
 8. Keturah, b. in Norwich, Vt., May 25, 1800; d. in West Hartford, Vt., , 
 April 19, 1851. 
 
 9. Alvan, b. in Norwich, Vt., Jan. 13, 1803; d. in Elkhart, Ind., Nov., 1878. 
 
 10. Jasper, b. in Norwich, Vt., April 3, 1805; d. in insane asylum, Worces- 
 ter, Mass., Sept. 4, 1854. 
 
 9. Alvan Tucker, b. in Norwich, Vt., Jan. 12,1803; m. in Shai-on, Vt., 
 Aug. 14, 1835, Abigail M. Tossey, b. June 36, 1794, (dau. of Wilham and Sarah 
 <Grow) Tossey of Andover, N. H.); a house-painter by trade, fettled in West 
 Hartford, Vt., in 1833; a hotel-keeper (the first) in W. Hartford, 1837-40; a far- 
 mer in Norwich, April, 1841, to April 1, 1843; a hotel-keeper in the old Downer 
 stand in Sharon, one mile west of West Hartford village, 1843-48; a manufactur- 
 er, etc., in West Hartford, 1849-75. His wife d. Aug. 15, 1869. He went, in 1875, 
 to Elkhart, Ind., to live with his son, Col. A. M. Tucker, and died there Nov., 
 1878. The children of Alvan Tucker were: 
 
 1. William Howard b. in Sharon, Vt., June 19, 1826, went to Dan- 
 ville, Vt., with his father in 1827; thence to Haverhill, N. H., in 1838, and 
 came to West Hartford in the spring of 1833. At the age of ten he commenced 
 to work with his father at house-painting, in which trade he continued until he 
 was nineteen, in the meantime attending winter terms of district schools, and, 
 at the age of fourteen, one term at Norwich academy. In the fall of 1845, he 
 entered Kimball Union academy, Meriden, N. H., to prepare for coUege, but 
 after three terms, was compelled by poor health to relinquish his studies at that 
 institution. In 1846, he entered the service of Col. James Moore, then chief en- 
 gineer of the surveys made for the Vermont Central r-aih-oad, as rodman and 
 chainman, in which work he continued two years; then returned home and went 
 to work on his father's farm. In the spring of 1851, he went to Plattsburgh, N. 
 Y., where he resumed railroad Ufe, as assistant to his brother, Samuel B. Tucker, 
 who had charge of the construction of a division of the Plattsburgh and Mon- 
 treal railroad, and there remained for nearly two years. In the autumn of 1853, 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 473 
 
 he was appointed assistant engineer on the surveys for the extension of the Con- 
 necticut and Passumpsic Rivers railroad, from St. Johnsbury, Vt., to the Canada 
 line, after which he was assistant engineer on the survey of the hne between 
 Plattsburgh, N. Y., and Whitehall, N. Y., which ended his career as a civil en- 
 gineer. 
 
 In 1856, Mr. Tucker canvassed Vermont and Canada east, for the Tucker Mfg. 
 Co., of Boston, and, in 1857, canvassed the State of New York, Pennsylvania, 
 Ohio, Virginia, Indiana, the New England States and a portion of Canada, for 
 the same firm. 
 
 In 1857, he entered into partnership with his brother, Samuel B. Tucker, and 
 purchased of the heirs of the late David Hazen the home farm in West Hartford. 
 August 28, 1858, he was solicited by Messrs. Mitchell & Rammelsburg of Cincia- 
 nati, manufacturers of furniture, to become their traveling salesman and collec- 
 tor in the southern and southwestern States, which position he accepted at a 
 handsome salary. Messrs. Mitchell & Rammelsburg were the most extensive 
 manufacturers and dealers in furniture in the United States. They had a branch 
 establishment in St. Louis, Mo., employed a force of 800 men, and their annual 
 sales throughout the States above named exceeded $400, 000. Owing to an almost 
 entire suspension of trade between the slave and free States, in 1860, Mr. Tucker 
 suffered the loss of his position with Messrs. Mitchell & Rammelsburg; but, soon 
 after, became chief clerk in the fi-eight office of the Pan Handle railroad in Cin- 
 cinnati, which position he held until March, 1862, when he was appointed chief 
 clerk and cashier of the Commissary Dept. of the Army of the Cumberland, then 
 commanded by Gen. O. M. Mitchell, and entered the serviceatShelbyville,Tenn., 
 April 2, 1862, after which date until August 1, 1866, he continued to hold the 
 same office in various departments of the miUtary service, viz: — at Huntsville, 
 Ala., with Capt. S. S. Slocum, A. Q. M., May 1, tb July 31, 1863; with same offi- 
 cer in Ordnance Dept., Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1, 1862, to April, 1863; then 
 with Capt. A. M. Tucker, while he fiUed the following offices, viz: Asst. Quar- 
 termaster, in charge of the constniction of U.S. military railroads, at Louisville, 
 Ky., Oct. 3 to Nov. 30, 1863; Quartermaster U. S. military railroads for the de- 
 partments of the Cumberland, the Ohio, and the Tennessee, Nashville, Tenn., 
 Dec. 1, 1863, to March 1, 1864; Disbursing Quartermaster, in Louisville, Ky., and 
 in charge of the examination and payment of all railroad accounts for transpor- 
 tation of government supplies. May 7,1864, to Dec. 7, 1865, (at which time he was 
 mustered out of service); and, finally, with Capt. J. R. Del Vecchio, Quarter- 
 master of transportation, LouisviUe, Ky., Dec. 8, 1865, to August 1, 1866. Dur- 
 ing his term of service as cashier in the above named departments, the cash dis- 
 bursemients were not less than $15,000,000. 
 
 After leaving the army, Mr. Tucker was, for a short time, employed by cer- 
 tain steamboat owners as their attorney, to settle their claims against the gov- 
 ernment for the transportation of troops and supplies. Returning to Vermont, 
 in September, 1866, he was soon after tendered by the New York Life Insurance 
 Co., of New York City, the position of' general agent for the State of Ohio, with 
 headquarters in Cincinnati; but, after visiting Cincinnati to consult with the 
 general manager on the subject,. Mr. Tucker then doubting his ability to succes- 
 fuUy conduct a business of such magnitude without the least experience in the 
 business, declined to accept the agency, a decision which he has had abundant 
 
474 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 reasons to regret. In 1869, at the request of Hon. John Porter and other citizens 
 of Hartford, he engaged in the work of preparing a history of Hartford for pub- 
 lication in Miss Hemmen way's " Vermont Gazetteer." While engaged in this 
 work he found considerable time to devote to attendance upon musical conven- 
 tions held in various portions of New England, including the great Peace Jubilee 
 held in Boston in 1869, and reporting the proceedings of these to various news- 
 papers and musical journals. In the spring of 1871, after placing his manu- 
 script history of Hartford in the hands of Miss Hemmenway, Mr. Tucker went 
 to New Yoi'k City, to become the editor of the '' Musical Review" then pub- 
 lished by Charles W. Harris, but failing to make satisfactory business arrange- 
 ments with Mr. Harris, he obtained a place on the staff of the New York Daily 
 Globe, as financial reporter, which position he resigned a few months later, and 
 returned to West Hartford, Vt. During the years 1872-3-4, he devoted the 
 greater portion of his time to attendance upon musical and pohtical conventions, 
 conferences of the churches, agricultural fairs, etc., and repoi-ting th^proceed- 
 ings of the same. 
 
 During the winter and spring of 1874, Mr. Tucker was the guest of Prof. W. 
 O. Perkins, of Boston, the eminent composer of music, who was, at that time, 
 vice-president of the Handel and Haydn Society, and president of the Theodore 
 Parker Memorial Association of Boston. Diu-ing his stay with Prof. Perkins, he 
 had the rare privilege of attending the regular weekly rehearsals of the Handel 
 and Haydn Society, conducted by Carl Zerrahn; also those of the Harvard and 
 the Apollo Clubs. By invitation of Prof. Lowell Mason, superintendent of mu- 
 sic in the public schools of Boston, he visited, in company with that gentleman, 
 nearly every public school in that city, and in addition to this rare treat, found 
 time to visit the studios of the eminent sculptor Huam Powers, and other artists; 
 public libraries, galleries of famous paintings, and many public institutions. 
 
 In 1875, Mr. Tucker entered into the wholesale lumber business at White River 
 Junction, in which he continued until 1880. In 1876, he was appointed Vermont 
 manager of the New York Associated Press, which office he held until April 1887. 
 From January 1, 1880, to August 1, 1885, he was the general agent of the Morris 
 & Ireland Safe Co. of Boston, and the Mosler Bahmann Safe Co. of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, for Vei'mont, Western New Hampshire and Canada. In September, 1885, 
 he entered upon the work of prepai'ing and publishing a history of Hartford,Vt., 
 which he completed in May, 1889. 
 
 Mr. Tucker m, 1st, Aug. 29, 1849, Susan J. Hazen, b. March 1, 1826, (dau. of 
 David and Nancy (Savage) Hazen of West Hartford). They separated in Dec, 
 1873. He m. 2d, July 22, 1885, Evagene Ryder, b. July 28, 1854, (dau. of Lucian 
 A. Ryder of Hartford, a soldier in the late civil war). His children by his first 
 wife we\-e: William Herbert, b. in West Hartford, Aug. 8, 1852; m. Nov. 17, 
 1879. Ella B. Waterman (dau. of Christopher and Emeline (Clai-k) Waterman of 
 Sharon, Vt.); a farmer in West Hartford, Vt. They have had children: Freder- 
 ick S., b. Jan. 4, 1881; d. Sept. 7, 1881 ; William C, b. Jan. 26, 1882; Charles 
 H., b. Sept. 5, 1884; Susan E., b. July 10, 1886; Goldie A., b. July 6,1888. 
 Flora Abbie, b. in St. Johnsbury, Vt., May 1, 1854; m. Nov. 22, 1877, F. Hazen 
 of Anaheim, Cal., who deserted her in 1886; her children are: Willie P., b. 
 March 11, 1879; iVnna L., b. Oct. 2, 1880; Herbert H., b. Oct. 21, 1884. Anna K., 
 
HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 475 
 
 . in "West Hartford, Dec. 15, 1859. Louise Lincoln, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 
 8, 1862. 
 
 2. Samuel Bascom, b. in Haverhill, N. H., May 30, 1828; m. Sept. 15, 1851, 
 Lmanda M. Hazen, b. May 28, 1828, (dan. of David and Nancy (Savage) Hazen); 
 , civil engineer on the construction of the Vermont Central railroad, New Jer- 
 ey Central, and other raUroads; resided in West Hartford till 1863, then moved 
 o Elizabeth, N. J. , where he has since lived. Children (4th gen.): Julia F.,h. 
 a West Hartford, July 4, 1858; m. July 4, 1883, Wm. MiUer of EUzabeth, N. J., 
 ihildren: Samuel J., b. July 4, 1884; Sarah H. M., b. March 24, 1887. Charles 
 irthur, b. in W. Hartford, March 31, 1855. (See D. C. Alumni, 1878). 
 
 3. Albert Henet, b. in West Hartford, Vt., May 23, 1833, m. Dec. 31, 1870, 
 Frances A. Folsom, b. Sept. 4, 1846, (dan. of Horace and Candies (Tucker) Fol- 
 om, of Enfield, N. H.,) a farmer in West Hartford untU 1873, when he moved 
 o Lebanon, N. H., where he worked for several years in the furniture factory 
 )f Sturtevant & Co. He went to Adrian, Michigan, in 1877, where he was for 
 ome time employed as clerk in the freight office of the Michigan Southern and 
 •Northern Indiana raih'oad. In 1883, he was appointed station agent at Waterloo, 
 :nd., on the M. S. & N. I. R. R. On the death of his wife, which occurred Feb. 
 I, 1887, he removed to Elkhart, Ind. The loss of his wife, and ill-health, soon 
 ifter'rendejed him insane, and he was taken to the State Insane Asylum in 
 indianapoUs, where he died childless, Dec, 1887. 
 
 4. Alba Mark, b. in West Hai-tford, Nov. 14, 1836, m. Dec. 17, 1857, Sai-ah 
 r. Henry, b. Dec. 36, 1840, (dau. of Dr. John and Isabel (Wallace) Henry, of 
 Slkhart, Ind.) (A history of his Ufe may be foimd under the head of biograph- 
 cal sketches in another portion of this book). Children: Mary Isabel, b. in 
 Slkhai-t, Ind., Sept. 34, 1858, m. Oct. 39, 1884, Lewis W. HaUock of EDdiart; 
 Wm. H., b. Dec. 6, 1859, d. Marchl, 1864; Julia C, b. Jan. 20, 1862, d. April 
 i6, 1874; Hallet K., b. Oct. 19, 1870. 
 
 THE WHITNEY FAMILY. 
 
 Benjamin Whitney, of Windham, Conn. , was one of the Charter proprietors of 
 lartford. In the first division of land among the proprietors, in 1761, he drew 
 ot " No. 1,'' comprising nineteen acres, located on the north side of White river 
 ,t its confluence with Connecticut river. This lot was purchased by Elias Lyman 
 d, about 1795, after which time, until the completion of the Passumpsic R. Rd., 
 hat portion of the town was called " Lyman's Point." Mr. Whitney subsequently 
 iwned lot " No. 64,'' on which is now located the hamlet known as CentrevUle, 
 lut it is not known that he ever lived in this town. 
 
 A f amily of Whitneys lived in West Hartford for many years prior to 1838. 
 i'he father of the family, Peter Whitney, carried on the manufacture of castings 
 f various kinds. He had several children. One of his sons, Ebenezer, was 
 ostmaster in West Hartford in 1833. The entire family emigrated to Ohio in 
 838. 
 
 Jonathan Whitney, better knovra as Deacon Whitney, resided in Quechee 
 s early as the year 1800. He was a farmer by occupation; a deacon of the First 
 longregational Church at the centre of the town, and was influential in the civil 
 
476 HISTORY OP HARTFORD. 
 
 and religious affairs of the town. He was probably a lineal descendant of Ben- 
 jamin Whitney, above named. The following brief history of his family is taken 
 from a record found in the office of the Town Clerk of Hartford, viz: — 
 
 Jonathan Whitney's Family. 
 
 Jonathan, son of Nathan and Abigail Whitney, b. July 16, 1761; m. Mary 
 Woodward, March 3, 1785, and had Polly, b. Aug. 6, 1785 (a premature birth), 
 Mary, parent, died Aug. 20, 1785. Jonathan- m. Lucy Woodward, Aug. 19, 
 1786. Their childi-en were: Ira, b. May 25, 1787; Irena, b. Feb. 17, 1789; d. Feb. 
 4,1813. Jonathan (2), b. Feb. 2, 1791; d. May 10, 1812. Samuel, b. Nov. 23, 
 1792. David, b. Deo. 12, 1794. PoUy, b. July 23, 1796; d. Nov. 4, 1798. RusseU, 
 b. May 5, 1798; d. May 30, 1798. Dolly, b. Jan. 16, 1800. RusseU, b. Feb. 2, 
 1802. Lucy, b. Oct. 2, 1804. Delinda, b. Mch. 6, 1806. Lurinda, b. Feb. 12, 
 1810. 
 
 Dea. Jonathan Whitney died Jan. 29, 1813, aged 52. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 BUSINESS DIRECTORY, 1889. 
 
 Hartford, Windsor County, Vermont. Population (census 1880) 3,954. South" 
 ist from MontpeUer, 64 ms. R. Rd. stations: Hartford and West Hartford, on 
 . V. R. R. ; Olcott, on Passumpsic R. R. ; Hartford, Dewey's Mills and Quechee, 
 a Woodstock R. E. ; White River Junction, at the Junction of the Northern N. 
 [. R. R. ; the Passumpsic R. R. ; the C. V. R. R., and the Woodstock R. R. 
 
 Town Officers: CTer/c, S. E. Pingree, Hartford Village; Constable and Collector, 
 [. A. Randall; W. R. Junction; Treasurer, J. L. Bacon, W. R. Junction; Select- 
 len, John Barrows, Hartford Village, Prank S. Hewitt, Quechee, Arthur H. 
 lazen. West Hartford. Trustee of pubhc money, Wilham S. Dewey, Quechee; 
 [gent, C. B. Stone, Hartford VU. Overseer of the Poor, Henry SaflEord, Quechee. 
 
 Haktford Village. 
 
 Church, Congregational, 8. I. Briant. Druggist, F. H. French. Lawyers, 
 . E. Pingree, S. M. Pingree. Manufacturers — Carriages and Sleighs, J. Bugbee; 
 Ihairs, Isaac Gates; Harnesses, W. L. Bugbee; Satinets, Hartford Woolen Co. ; 
 iteel Goods, French, Watson & Co. ; Tinware, L. Pease & Sons. Merchants — Dry 
 roods, &c., A. L. Worthen, French Bros.; Flour and Meal, Moore & Madden; 
 liimiture, Ernest Johnson; Gi-oceries, A. L. Worthen, French Bi'os., George E. 
 ^one, P. M. Dutton; Millinery, Mrs. H. J. Banagan; Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, 
 'aints and Oil, L. Pease & Son. Physicians, J. B. Rand, H. L. Watson. Post- 
 listress. Miss NelUe Brooks. R. Rd. Sta. Agent, Ben. Briggs. Tel. Agent, A. L. 
 'ease. 
 
 West Hartford. 
 
 Church, Congregational (no settled minister). Hotel, Frank Wheeler. Manufac- 
 urers — Blacksmith, Wm. MunseU; Lumber, H. D. Barrows. Merchants, F. F. 
 lolt, C. M. Hazen. Postmaster, R. Munsell. Sta. and Ex. Agent, Hoyt Hazen. 
 Vholesale lumber dealer, Austin Howard. 
 
 Olcott. 
 
 Churches — Congregational, A. S. Chase; Methodist, J. Hamilton (supply); Livery 
 table, O. J. Eastman. Manufacturers, Pulp and Paper, Wilder & Co. ; Merchants — 
 )ry Goods, F. P. Marston; Groceries, F. W. Morris, J. L. Cushman. Physician, 
 ;. B. Mack. Postmaster, F. P. Marston. Sta. and Ex. Agent, C. C. Center. 
 
 Quechee. 
 
 Churches— Congregational, R. C. Lansing; Methodist, J. Hamilton (supply), 
 ilanufacturers— Flannels, J. C. Parker & Co.; Flour, Meal, &c., J. C. Parker & 
 !o.; Lumber, O. H. ChamberUn; Woolen Goods (at Dewey's MiUs) A. G. Dewey 
 fc Co. Merchants— Scott Tinkham, Geo. J. Abbott & Co. Hardware, Stoves, &c., 
 . Larabee. 'Physicians, C. A. SpeiTy. Postmaster, Scott Tinkham. Sta. Agent, 
 ^ S. Hewitt. 
 
478 HISTORY OF HARTFORD. 
 
 White River Junction. 
 
 Banks — National Bank of White River Junction, Geo. W. Smith, Pres.; John 
 L. Bacon, Cash. White River Savings' Bank, S. E. Pingi-ee, Pres. ; Curtis Kibling, 
 
 Treas. Churches — Episcopal . Methodist, J. Hamilton ; Roman Catholic, J. B. 
 
 Whittaker; Universalist, . Druggists, C. M. Trask &Co., O. W. Daley. 
 
 Hotel, Junction House, N. F. Eddy. Insurance Agents — J. B. Pike, J. G. Harvey, 
 J. J. Simonds. Lawyers, J. G. Harvey, J. J. Simonds. Livery Stables — O. A. 
 RandaU, L. A. Gibbs. Manufactiu-ers — Crackers, Confectionery, &c., Geo. W. 
 Smith. Contractors and Builders — W. P. Morse, H. H. Hanchett; Granite, 
 Curbing and Monuments, S. Carleton. Marble monuments, John Harding. 
 Plumbing, Steam-fltting and Supphes, H. L. Nott. Photographers, Fellows & 
 Burr. Picture Mouldings, F. T. Williams. Printers — Royal Cummings, C. R. 
 Jameson. Tailor, D. P. Ring. Merchants — J. O. Neil & Co., N.P.Wheeler, 
 W. W. Barnes, W. H. Laird & Co. Boots and Shoes, A. Brouillette. Clocks 
 and Watches — H. A. Holton, Bogle Bros. Clothing, &c. , Wheeler Bros. Flour and 
 Lime, D. Hinckley & Son. Furniture, C. W. Pierce. Jewelry (wholesale). 
 Bogle Bros. Meat, Edson & Chadwick. Millinery — Flora Shaw, Mrs. S. BouteUe. 
 Stationery, Blank Books, Wall Paper, &c.. White River Paper Co. Stoves, Tin, 
 Hardware, Coal, &c., E. H. Bagley. Variety Store, M. R. Wari'Bn. Physicians — 
 Samuel J. Allen, Jr., O. W. Daley, F. C. Manchester; Homeo.,C. S. Bray. Dentist, 
 G. W. Hoffman. Postmaster, Sanford H. Potter. R. R. Restaurant, E. A. 
 Dunton ("Plenty of Time.") Sta. Agents— C. V. R. R., H. E. Tinker; Passumpsic 
 R. R., W. P. Davis; Woodstock R. R., James Cooper. Ex, Agent, W. E. Huntoon. 
 Tel. Agent, C. T. Currier. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Adams, Prof., 16. 
 
 Adams, Rev. John, 232, 328. 
 
 Adams, John, Pres't. U.S., 94, 287. 
 
 Adams, Mrs. Mary, 353. 
 
 Aiken, Rev. Prof., 338. 
 
 Albee, Rev. F. T.,254. 
 
 Allen, Ebenezer, 86. 
 
 Allen, Rev. F. L., 250, 402. 
 
 AUen, Heman, 385. 
 
 Allen, Ira, 79, 85, 88, 94, 264, 301. 
 
 Allen, Mrs. Mary, 28. 
 
 AUen, Mrs. Mary J. , 353. 
 
 Allen, Dr. Samuel J., 28, 352, 353. 
 
 Allen, Samuel J. Jr., 353. 
 
 Alexander, Giles, 63, 63, 64. 
 
 AUd, WiUiam, 61. 
 
 Alumni, Dartmouth College, 386. 
 
 Appleton, James, 122. 
 
 Asbuiy, Bishop Francis, 253. 
 
 Ashley, Oliver, 75. 
 
 Atkinson, Theodore S., 3. 
 
 Avery, Jonathan, Jr., 60. 
 
 Bacon, Charles A., 137. 
 
 Bacon, Rev. Wm. B., 238. 
 
 Badger, Samuel, 32. 
 
 Bagley, E. H. 369. 
 
 Bailey, Alvin. 33,331. 
 
 BaUey, Judah, 235. 
 
 Baker, George A., 361. 
 
 Baker, Mrs. I. F., 179. 
 
 Baldvrin, Daniel, 148. 
 
 Baldwin, Jabez, 348. 
 
 Baldwin, John, 1, 2, 4, 5, 41, 43, 60, 62, 
 
 63, 139,142. 
 Baldwin, John, Jr., 60, 63, 63, 64. 
 Baldwin, Rufus, 62, 63, 64, 273. 
 Ballard, Charles B., 37, 167. 
 Ballard, S. A., 34. 
 BaU, Absalom, 123, 125. 
 Bancroft, Dr. C. P., 279. 
 Bannister, George, 124. 
 Banyar, George, 65. 
 Baptisms, Infant, 333. 
 BardweU, Consider, 349. 
 Barber, Rev. Daniel, 365. 
 Barbour, Rev. Nelson, 228. 
 Barnes, Rev. G. W., 369. 
 Barnes, W.W., 369. 
 Barrett, James, 380. 
 Barrett, John, 73. 
 Barron, Abel, 143, 839. 
 Barron, Oscar F., 33, 126, 136, 234. 
 Barrows, Hamilton D., 137. 
 Bartholomew, Amos, 127. 
 Bartholomew, Luther, 131, 307. 
 
 Bartholomew, Noah, 254. 
 
 Bartholomew, Sheldon, 854. 
 
 Bartlett, Orange, 34. 
 
 Bartlett, Rev. Samuel C, 394. 
 
 Bascom, Rev. Samuel, 313, 337, 288, 247. 
 
 Bass, Dr. Edward, 263. 
 
 Bass, Joel, 154. 
 
 Baum, Col., 79. 
 
 Bayley, Col. Jacob, 73, 74, 81, 83, 83, 84. 
 
 Bean, A. C, 269. 
 
 Beard, John, 391. 
 
 Bebbins, Elijah, 60. 
 
 Benjamin, John, 87. 
 
 Beckwith, Charles, 36. 
 
 Belknap's History, .57. 
 
 Belknap, Thomas, 123, 134. 
 
 Bell, Rev. Benjamin, 309. 
 
 Bell, Joseph, 133, 389. 
 
 Bell, Thomas, 61, 63, 64, 66. 
 
 BeUows, Levi, 146, 317. 
 
 Bellows, Josiah, 132. 
 
 Bennett, John, 47, 49, 50, 53, 53, 56, 60, 
 
 63, 63, 64, 309. 
 Bennett, John, Jr., 11, 38, 41, 43, 51, 
 
 60, 62, 63, 64. 
 Bennett, Jonathan, 49, 52. 
 Bethel, Mrs. Jane, 179. 
 BiUings, Frank N., 162, 164. 
 Billings, Frederick, 164, 234. 
 Biagham, Elias, 8. 
 Bingham, Elijah, 4, 43, 46, 60, 136. 
 Bingham, Gideon, 60. 
 Births, 174. 
 Blaisdell, Elijah, 154. 
 Blaisdell, Daniel, G., 132. 
 Blanchard, Joseph, 4, 30, 31, 43, 60. 
 Bliss, Ebenezer, 273. 
 Bliss, David, 41, 51 53, 306, 399. 
 Bliss, John, 33. 
 Bliss, LucienB., 136. 
 Blodgett,W. K., 161. 
 Bogle, C. C.,130. 
 Bogle, M. F. & F.-J., 130. 
 Bostwick, Rev. Shadrack, 304, 353. 
 Bragg, David, 370. 
 Bragg, W. L., 323, 340, 297. 
 Braley, Alvin, 134. 
 Braley, Wm. H., 167. 
 Bramble, William, 38, 41, 47, 49, 50, 
 
 53, 60, 89, 273. 
 Bi-eckenridge, Francis, 84, 
 Brennan, Vincent J. , 137. 
 Brewster, David, 53. 
 Brewster, Ebenezer, 144. 
 Brewster, Oliver, 30, 60. 
 Briant, Rev. S. I., 324, 325, 239, 241, 383. 
 
480 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bridgman, Jesse, 136. 
 
 Bridges, 143. 
 
 Briggs, E. D.,370. 
 
 Brigham, Paul, 167. 
 
 Brink, Alexander, 41, 49, 50, 69, 73. 
 
 Brockway, Geo. C, 301. 
 
 Brooks, Elam, 318. 
 
 Brooks, Justin C, 6, 22, 133, 147, 217, 
 
 291 353 
 Brooks, Zerah, 132, 216, 853. 
 Broughton, Ebenezer, 122. 
 Brown, Rev. Abel, 347. 
 Brown, Rev. Abraliam, 213. 
 Brown, Pres't. Francis, 245. 
 Brown, Nathaniel, 89. 
 Brown, Prof. S. G., 231, 388. 
 Brownson, Timothy, 79, 83. 
 Bruce, Rev. R. L., 255, 279. 
 Buck, AzroD., 384. 
 Buckingham, Joseph, 136. 
 Bugbee, Amos, 123. 
 
 Bugbee, Jonathan, 22, 30, 133, 136, 216. 
 Bugbee, Nathaniel, 91. 
 Bugbee, W. G., 370. 
 BuUar, Samuel, 45. 
 Burbank, Abijah, 313, 347. ' 
 Burch, Benjamin, 47, 50, 63, 63, 64, 
 
 114, 117, 189, 303, 347. 
 Burch, Jonathan, 41, 49, 50, 56, 58, 65, 
 
 66, 71, 117, 305. 
 Burgess, Seth, 41. 
 Burgoyne, Gen. , 77. 
 Burnap, Ethan, 236. 
 Burnham, John, 94. 
 Burroughs, Rev. Eden, 243, 245, 246, 
 
 261. 
 Burton, Rev. Asa, 244. 
 Burton, Jacob, 93, 94, 347. 
 Butterfleld, Rev. George, 338. 
 Byington, Rev. E. H., 388. 
 Byington, Rev. Geo. E., 239. 
 
 Cady, L. H., 336, 339,240. 
 
 Gaboon, Wm., 380, 885. 
 
 CaU, Joseph A., 133, 203, 257. 
 
 Camp, Abel, 34, 141, 143. 
 
 Camp, David. 24, 292, 354. 
 
 Camp, Mrs. L. F., 278. 
 
 CampbeU, Rev. G. W., 314. 
 
 Capon, Rev. E. H., 404. 
 
 Carlton, Samuel, 130. 
 
 Carpenter, Benjeimin, 84. 
 
 Carpenter, John, 117. 
 
 CaiT, Thomas, 36. 
 
 Carroll, Charles, 151. 
 
 Carter, Rev. N. F., 236, 340, 381. 
 
 Carter, William S., 186, 284, 291, 295, 
 
 322 358 
 Case.Rev'. Rufus, 193, 196, 230. 
 Case, Zealon, 339. 
 Catlin, Rev. RusseU,304. 
 Cemeteries, 187—197. 
 Chamber, Rev. A. St. John, 404. 
 Chamberlain, Abel P., 118. 
 Chamberlain, Abner, 36. 
 Chamberlain, Rev. E. B., 239, 240. 
 
 Chamberlain, Otis, 162. 
 
 Champion, Ezra A. , 163. 
 
 Chandler, A. B., 138. 
 
 Chandler, Thomas, 83, 94. 
 
 Chandler, W. G., 123. 
 
 Chapman, Becket, 11, 38. 
 
 Chapman, Erastus, 132, 203, 305. 
 
 Chapman, Elias, 88. 
 
 Chapman, Geo. R., 369. 
 
 Chapman, Juniah, 54, 204. 
 
 Chapman, Simeon, 51. 
 
 Chapmauj Simon, 11, 38, 41. 
 
 Charter, The Town, 3. 
 
 Chase, C. M., 115. 
 
 Chase, Rev. A. S., 341. 
 
 ChedeU,B. B., 370. 
 
 Chipman, Daniel, 267. 
 
 Chittenden, Thomas, 88, 94, 114. 
 
 Chittenden, Mrs. Thomas, 112. 
 
 Choate, Helen, 133. 
 
 Choate, Rufus, 133. 
 
 Chi-istian Society, 334. 
 
 Church, E. W., 336. 
 
 Church, The First in Hartford, 209. 
 
 Chui-ch, U. M., 235. 
 
 Claggett, Rev. Wm., 222, 228, 250. 
 
 Clark, Rev. Charles W., 238. 
 
 Clark, Daniel, 267. 
 
 Clark, Erastus, 22. 
 
 Clark, Henry, 110, 384. 
 
 Clark, Jacob M., 155. 
 
 Clark, James, 145. 
 
 Clark, John, 299. 
 
 Clark, MitcheU, 11, 38, 41, 49, 52, 53, 
 
 144. ' 
 
 Clark, Nathan, 40, 60, 94. 
 Clark, Seth, 45. 
 Clark, Timothy, 41. 
 Clark, Zerah B., 122. 
 Clark, William, 4, 31, 83, 42, 43, 46, 60, 
 
 136. 
 Clay, Capt., 77. 
 
 Clement, Rev. J., 321, 229, 239. 
 Cleveland, Josiah, 121. 
 Cleveland, Zenas, 142. 
 Closson, Nehemiah, 136. 
 Cobb, Daniel, 126. 
 Cobb, Elias, 259. 
 Cobb, Henry, 355. 
 Cobb, Nathan, 855. 
 Cobb, Nathan B., 855. 
 Colby, A. H., 127. 
 Golden, Alexander, 64. 
 Golden, Cadwallader, Gov. N. Y., 61. 
 Collamer. Jacob, 354, 382. 
 College, Dartmouth TUumni, 386. 
 Colston, Wm., 204. 
 Comings, Jonathan, 61. 
 Cone, Chai-les M., 137, 403. 
 Cone, Lemuel, 125. 
 Cone, Mark, R., 849. 
 Congregational Societies, 308, 234. 
 Connecticut River Turnpike Co., 60, 
 
 146. 
 Converse, Julius, Gov. Vt., 880. 
 Cook, Rev. Phineas, 219. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 481 
 
 Cooley Theodore, 349. 
 
 Copeland Rev. W. E., 269. 
 
 Cossett, Rev. Ranna, 203, 368. 
 
 Couch, Rev. John, 270. 
 
 Council, The King's, 66. 
 
 CrandaU, Joseph, 140, 347. 
 
 Crandall, Solomon, 24, 228. 
 
 Crandall, Thomas, 34, 126. 
 
 Crocker, D. B., 134. 
 
 Crosby, Dr. Dixi, 353. 
 
 Culver, Isaac B., lo.5, 350. 
 
 Cumberland County, 29, 48, 69, 70, 80. 
 
 Cummings Royal, 170. 
 
 Cushing, David L., 235, 236, 240, 338, 
 
 351. 
 Cushing, Theopilus, 23. 
 Cushman, Joshua, 121, 126. 
 Curtis, Elias, 141. 
 Cutter, Rev. Caleb, 247. 
 
 Dame, Rev. Sylvanus, 244. 
 
 Dana, Charles, 162. 
 
 Dana, Dea. Daniel, 313. 
 
 Daija, Dea. David, 237. 
 
 Dana, George, 141. 
 
 Dana, Israel P., 387. 
 
 Dana, Jedediah, 319. 
 
 Dana, J. Winchester, 76. 
 
 Daniel, Reuben, 119. 
 
 Dartmouth College, 17, 243. 
 
 Dartmouth, The Earl of, 243. 
 
 Dascomb, Rev. A. B., 340. 
 
 Davis, Eleazer, 318. 
 
 Davis, Ira, 169. 
 
 Davis, Wesley A., 161. 
 
 Deaths, 178. 
 
 Delano, Luther, 349. 
 
 Delano, Rev. Samuel, 236, 347. 
 
 Delano, Zebulon, 131, 395, 307. 
 
 Demmon, Levi, 41, 51, 317. 
 
 Dennisou, Henvy C., 359. 
 
 Dennison, John H. , 377. 
 
 Dennison, Wm. , Gov. of Ohio, 363. - 
 
 Dewey, Albert G., 23, 119, 161, 163,334, 
 
 291, 332, 356. 
 Dewey, Daniel, 305. 
 Dewey, Elijah, 60. 
 Dewey, John, 356. 
 Dewey, John J., 23, 130, 164. 
 Dewey, Joshua, 41, 49, 50, 53, 53, 114, 
 
 117, 348. 
 Dewey, Noah, 34, 35, 41, 60, 63, 63, 64. 
 Dewey, Sherman, 177. 
 Dewey, Thomas, 356. 
 Dewey, William S., 33, 118, 120, 373, 
 
 355. 
 Dexter, Isaac, 137. 
 Dickinson, Daniel A., 400. 
 Diminick, Jacob, 334. 
 Dimmick, Joab, 317. 
 Dimmick, Philip, 33. 
 Dimmick, Samuel B., 226, 331, 308. 
 Divorces, 178. 
 Dorr, Joseph, 122. 
 Doton, Hosea, 162. 
 Downer, Daniel, 60. 
 
 I Downer, John, 88, 136, 241, 274. 
 Downer, Stephen S., 26, 136. 
 Downs, Rev. C. H., 220. 
 DuBois, W. H., 285. 
 Dudley, Daniel B., 399. 
 Dudley, Rev. John, 238, 338. 
 Dunbar, Almua, 817. 
 Duncan, Irena, 306. 
 Duncan, Sarah O., 132. 
 Duncan, Wm. H., 132, 133. 
 Dunham, Gershom, 204. 
 Dunton, E. A., 164. 
 Durgin, Jeflf, 130. 
 Dustin, Nathaniel, 148. 
 Dutton, Asahel, 313. 
 Dutton, Daniel L., 260. 
 Dutton, Herbert L., 169. 
 Dutton, John, 88, 374. 
 Dutton, Rev. John, 350, 340, 386. 
 Dutton, Nathaniel, 54, 386. 
 Dutton, Rev. Nathaniel, 350, 386. 
 Dutton, Noah, 137, 330. 
 Dutton, Samuel, 84. 
 Dutton, Thaddeus, 331, 291. 
 Dutton, Wm. E., 279, 346. 
 Dwight, Rev. B. F., 357. 
 Dwight, Dr., 88. 
 
 Earle, a. a., 170. 
 Eastman, W. E., 351. 
 Eaton, John, 395. 
 Edde, Newbm-y, 50. 
 Eddy, N. S., 269. 
 Edgerton, J. K., 391, 347. 
 Edwards, Rev. J. H., 238. 
 Ela, Rev. Benjamin, 350, 393. 
 Eldridge, Timothy, 306. 
 Elkins, Jonathan, 91. 
 Emerson, Asa, 41, 53. 
 Emerson, Rev. E. B., 328. 
 Emerson, John, 213. 
 Emerson, Thomas, 53, 53, 353. 
 Emtaons, Benjamin, 84, 88, 93. 
 Enos, Paschal P., 39. 
 Estabrook, Nehemiah, 75. 
 Evans, Moses, 84. 
 Everett, Horace, 380. 
 
 Factories and MiUs, 118—136. 
 Fairbanks, Erastus, 159, 384. 
 Farman Alma C. , 130. 
 Farman, S. B., 135, 130. 
 Farnsworth, Rev. J. C, 369. 
 FarreU, Rev. E. F., 341. 
 Faunce, Henry, 127. 
 Fay, Jonas, 81. 
 Fernow, Berthold, 73. 
 Ferries and Fords, 142. 
 Fish, Aaron, 60. 
 Fish, Lt. Stephen, 355. 
 Fisher, Phineas P., 33, 334. 
 Fitch, Eleazer, 60. 
 Fitch, Rev. J. S., 369. 
 Flanders, George F., 310. 
 Fletcher, Samuel, 85. 
 Flint, James, 4, 6, 30, 46. 
 
 31 
 
483 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Flint, Sarah, 60. 
 Floyd, Edward E., 133. 
 FoUett, Joseph, 60, 301. 
 Folsom, H. E., 161. 
 Foote, Alvln, 380. 
 Fordways, 143. 
 Foster, Charles Lee, 400. 
 Fowler, Elisha, 133, 131. 
 Fowler, Joseph, 133, 134, 131. 
 Freeman, Wm., 88. 
 French, Horace, 133. 
 French, Justus W., 184. 
 French, Warren C, 380. 
 French, "William, 72. 
 Frmk, Elias C, 60. 
 Fuller, Abner, 231. 
 Ftdler, John, 137, 330. 
 Fuller, Dr. Jonathan, 396. 
 Fulton, Robert, 151. 
 
 Gallup, Oliver, 146, 167. 
 
 Oallup, Perez, 149. 
 
 OaUup, Theodore, 360. 
 
 Gallup, William, 347. 
 
 Galusha, Jonas, Gov. of Vt., 272, 354. 
 
 Gant, John, 39. 
 
 Garfield, James A., 361, 373. 
 
 Garfield, Mrs. LucretiaR., 373. 
 
 Gates, Isaac, 122. 
 
 Gates, Olmstead, 208. 
 
 Genealogies, 407. 
 
 General List, 299, 303. 
 
 Gere. Nathan, 22, 147, 331. 
 
 Gibbs, Rev. Daniel, 350. 
 
 Gibbs, Harvey, 121, 807. 
 
 Gilbert, Daniel, 149. 
 
 Gilbert, Rev. James B, 329. 
 
 Gilbert, John, 136. 
 
 Gilbert, Rev. Nathan, 229. 
 
 Gillett, Ahii-a, 349. 
 
 GiUett, Azro, 133. 
 
 Gillett, Bennie B., 403. 
 
 Gillett, Daniel O., 133, 381. 
 
 GUlett, Ebenezer, 36, 41, 43, 47, 60, 63, 
 
 63, 64, 373. 
 GiUett, Edward A., 39. 
 GiUett, ReV. D. O., 350, 403. 
 GiUett, Israel, 11, 37, 38, 41, 47, 48, 53, 
 
 53, 54, 56, 74, 131, 273. 
 Gillett, Israel 3d, 133. 
 GiUett, Jacob, 386. 
 Gillett, John, 11, 37, 38, 41, 49, 50, 51, 
 
 53, 87, 89, 211, 273, 343. 
 Gillett, Nathaniel, 225. 
 GiUett, Roger, 309, 318. 
 GiUett, WiUiam, 225, 276. 
 Gilson, T. W.,281, 403. 
 Glebe Lands, 262, 363, 364, 365, 266. 
 Goddard, Rev. Samuel, 313, 319, 237, 
 
 236, 247, 249, 366. 
 Goddard, Samuel, 338. 
 Good Templars, 313. 
 GoodeU, Edwin, 333. 
 Goodhue, Rev. D., 339. 
 Goss, Edward, 341. 
 Graham, John A., 263. 
 
 Grand Army Post, 331. 
 
 Grand List, 304. 
 
 Grantees, Original, 7, 66, 67. 
 
 Graves, Rufus, 144. 
 
 Gray, Mary, 40. 
 
 Gray, Samuel, 40. 
 
 Greeley, Rev. S. N., 394. 
 
 Green, Daniel, 133. 
 
 Green, Rev. Lewis, 250. 
 
 Greene, Dr. George B., 398. 
 
 Gregory, Rev. John, 347. 
 
 Griswold, Rev. A. V., 266. 
 
 Griswold, John, 38, 53, 70. 
 
 Gross, Horace, 260. 
 
 Gross, Pitkin, 260. 
 
 Gross, Rev. Thomas, 205 306, 209, 374, 
 
 340, 359. 
 Grout, Hilkiah, 73. 
 Grout, John, 22, 216, 293. 
 Grout, W. W., 168. 
 Grover, Fred, 138. 
 Grow, Rev. Timothy, 257. 
 Grow, Rev. Wm., 203, 357. 
 Gubernatorial Vote, 388. 
 Gmld, WiUiam, 270. 
 Guizot, Francois, Pierre, Ouillaume, 
 
 280. 
 
 Haddock, Rev. Charles B., 317, 319, 
 
 238. 
 Haines, Johns., 133. 
 Hale, Thomas, 169. 
 HaU, Alfred A., 310. 
 HaU, Hiland, 83. 
 Hamilton, C. S., 350. 
 Hammersley, W. J., 145. 
 Hanchett,H. H., 136, 369. 
 Harding, John, 130. 
 Harlow, Hiram, 133. 
 Harrenden, James, 118. 
 Harrington, EU, 373. 
 Harrington, Samuel, 373. 
 Harris, A. B., 160, 161. 
 Harris, James, 133. 
 Hartford Mfg Co., 133. 
 Hartford MUls Co., 133. 
 Hartford Woolen Co., 121, 136, 368. 
 HartweU, Thomas, 123. 
 Harwood, Eleazer, 117, 211, 338. 
 HasweU, Anthony, 166. 
 Hatch, Charles, 276, 307. 
 Hatch, John, 38, 53. 
 Havens, Rev. E. C, 241. 
 Hawley, Elisha, 73. 
 Hayes, AUen. 26, 377. 
 Hayes, Henry H., 231. 
 Hazen, Alice, 34. 
 Hazen, AUen, 321, 250, 391. 
 Hazen, Allen, Jr., 403. 
 Hazen, Rev. Allen, 350, 397. 
 Hazen, Asa, 11, 39, 41, 51, 53, 54, 88, 
 
 293. 
 Hazen, Asa Jr., 387. 
 Hazen, Rev. Austin, 209, 210, 213, 217, 
 
 337, 236, 247, 350, 387. 
 Hazen, Bertha, 34. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 48a 
 
 Hazen, Carlos, 127, 331. 
 Haaen, Carlton D., 230, 331. 
 Hazen, Charles D., 55, 338. 
 Hazen, Charles Herbert, 403. 
 Hazen, Dan, 247. 
 
 Hazen, Daniel, 121, 143, 304, 336, 261. 
 Hazen, David, 34, 127, 348. 
 Hazen, Edward, 133. 
 Hazen, Fi-anklin S., 330. 
 Hazen, George T., 330. 
 . Hazen, Harper T., 188. 
 Hazen, H. Allen, 402. 
 Hazen, Rev. Henry A.. 350, 398. 
 Hazen, Hezekiah, 82, 89, 203, 246, 376, 
 
 296. 
 Hazen, John, 34. 
 Hazen, John Durkee, 361. 
 Hazen, Joshua, 11, 37, 38,41,49,51, 53, 
 
 54, 55, 69, 75, 78, 88, 89, 93, 374, 309. 
 Hazen, Julius, 333, 348. 
 Hazen, Leonard, 242. 
 Hazen, Levi, 24. 
 Hazen, Levi, 3d., 16, 141, 143. 
 Hazen, Lucius, 34, 339, 344. 
 Hazen, Nancy, 26. 
 Hazen, Noah B., 381, 403. 
 Hazen, Rev. Norman, 250, 397. 
 Hazen, Philemon, 53, 130, 121, 204, 307. 
 Hazen, Reuben, 24, 277. 
 Hazen, Seymoui', 36. 
 Hazen, Silas, 53, 183. 
 Hazen, Silas H., 34, 37. 
 Hazen, Solomon, 89, 203. 
 Hazen, Stillman, 360. 
 Hazen, Thomas, 11, 23, 38, 41, 49, 51, 
 
 .52, 53, 54, 55, 75, 76, 203, 286, 242. 
 Hazen, Thomas Green, 403. 
 Hazen, Gen. Wm. B., 24, 860. 
 Hazen, Rev. Wm. S., 350. 
 Hazen, Willis, 24. 
 Hazen, Zavan, 24. 
 Healey, John P., 394. 
 Hebard, Eleazer, 60. 
 Hebard, Gideon, 60. 
 Hebard, Moses, 30, 48, 60. 
 Hebard, Paul, 5, 6, 46. 
 Hemenway, Rev. Asa, 229, 281. 
 Herrick, Samuel, 85. 
 Hewitt, Elisha, 238. 
 Hewitt, Franks., 286. 
 Heydock, Jane E., 132. 
 Hibbard, Lovell, 307. 
 Hicks, Rev. L. W., 239. 
 Highway Districts, 140. 
 Highway Surveyors, 140. 
 HiU, Isaac, Gov. N. H., 145, 345. 
 Hm, John, 60. 
 HiU, JohnB., 307. 
 Hitchcock, Prof. Edward, 17, 19. 
 Hitchcock, Rev. O. B., 224. 
 Hodet, J. M., 130. 
 Hodges, Seth, 81. 
 Hoisington, Daniel, 73. 
 Hoisington, Ebenezer, 94. 
 Hoisington, Joab, 76. 
 Holbrook, Nathaniel, 60. 
 
 Holbrook, Nathaniel, Jr., 63, 64.. 
 
 Holbrook, Thomas, 257. 
 
 Holden, C. C. P., 34, 111. 
 
 Holt, Francis F., 26, 348. 
 
 Hooker, Rev. Thomas, 370. 
 
 Hopson, Lt. I. D., 345, 846. 
 
 Horr, Samuel, 123, 317. 
 
 Hotchkiss, 136. 
 
 House, John, 203. 
 
 Howard, Abel, 24. 
 
 Howard, Abel T., 401. 
 
 Howard, Austin, 137. 
 
 Howard, Caleb, 60, 181. 
 
 Howes, Joseph, 154. 
 
 Humpiu-ey, Nelson, 260. 
 
 Hunt, Eliphaa, 24. 
 
 Hunt, Jonathan, 385. 
 
 Hunt, Rodney, 135. 
 
 Huntington, Arunah, 288. 
 
 Huntington, Hezekiah, 31, 60. 
 
 Hunton, A. P., 399. 
 
 Huntoon, Frank, 167. 
 
 Huse,' Frederick, 351. 
 
 Hutchinson, Rev. Aaron, 78, 144, 306, 
 
 209. 
 Hutchinson, Elisha, 817. 
 HutcMoson, Samuel, 181. 
 Hutchinson, Titus, 882, 384. 
 Hyde, B. N.,320. 
 Hyde, Elihu, 8, 6. 
 
 Ingi'aham, David, 34, 235, 337, 330, 346. 
 Ingraham, Silas, 330. 
 
 Jackson, Rev. Abram, 338. 
 
 Jameson, O. R., 171. 
 
 Janes, David, 140. 
 
 Jarvis, Wilham, 118, 397. 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas, Pres. U. S., 345. 
 
 Johnson, Eliakim, 161. 
 
 Johnson, Daniel, 270. 
 
 Jolmson, Thomas, 91. 
 
 Jones, Charles J., 133. ' 
 
 Jones, Perez, 122. 
 
 Jones, Ralph, 163. 
 
 Jones, Reuben, 94. 
 
 Jones, RusseU L. , 133. 
 
 Judges Probate Court, 393. 
 
 Judges Supreme Court, 393. 
 
 Kempton, Alpheus, 348. 
 Keyes, Henry, 160. 
 Kidder, Rev. Moses, 259. 
 Kimball, Phineas, 316, 380. 
 Kimball, Stephen, 136. 
 King, George, 370. 
 King, Thomas, 120. 
 Kingsbury, Rev. J. W., 238,280. 
 Kingsbury, Rev. W. H., 238. 
 Kneeland, David, 136. 
 Kneeland, Edward, 23, 186. 
 Kneeland, Joseph H., 133, 125,136. 
 
 Lamphire, Benjamin, 122. 
 Lampbire, Jonas G., 126, 308. 
 Lampsouj E. E., 138. 
 
484 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Langdon, James R., 154. 
 
 Lansing, Rev. R. C, 241. 
 
 Latham, Arthur, 127. 
 
 Lawrence, E. A., 394. 
 
 Leavitt, Fi-eegraoe, 37, 130, 177, 208, 
 
 209 258 339 
 Leavitt, Rev. Harvey F., 213, 237, 250, 
 
 405. 
 Leeds, Rev. S. P., 241. 
 Leighiton, Henry, 156. 
 Leighton, Joseph, 156. 
 Letters Patent, 56, 68. 
 Lewis, Joseph, 131. 
 Lincoln, Hezekiah, 204. 
 Lindsey, William, 118. 
 Locks on White River, 149. 
 Locks on Water Quechee River, 149. 
 Lombard, Solomon, 318. 
 Loomis, Wharam, 128, 279. 
 Lord, Rev. John K., 218. 
 Lord, Luther E., 270. 
 Lord, Rev. Prest. Nathan, D. C, 219, 
 
 247. 
 Lord, P. G., 270. 
 Lord, Solomon, 60. 
 Loring, H., 135. 
 Loveland, Reuben, 133, 376. 
 Lovejoy, Dr. D. H., 879. 
 Low, Isaac, 71. 
 Low, Willard W., 127. 
 Lun, Luin, 391. 
 Lyman, Abel, 75. 
 Lyman, Edward, 370. 
 Lyman, Elias, 3d, 38, 41, 122, 123, 136, 
 
 141, 144, 145, 319, 367. 
 Lyman, Francis, 145. 
 Lyman, George, 38, 141, 169, 221, 369. 
 Lyman, Joseph, 386. 
 Lyman, Justin, 133, 124, 136. 
 Lyman, Lizzie, 28. 
 Lyman, Louise, 38. 
 Lyman, Richard, 367, 370. 
 Lyman, Simeon, 154. 
 Lyman, Wylys, 22, 316, 817, 393. 
 Lynch, Rev. Dennis, 252. 
 
 Mace, Joseph, 128. 
 
 MacKensie, J. F., 164, 358. 
 
 McCabe, Barney, 167. 
 
 McCarty, Frank, 205. 
 
 Mclntire, W. L., 128. 
 
 McKinsley, Rev. L. C, 370. 
 
 McShane, H. H., 256. 
 
 Mallory, EoUin C, 385. 
 
 Mallory Woolen Co., 118. 
 
 Marion, Mr., 56. 
 
 Marriages, 176. 
 
 Marsh, Abel, 10, 23, 88, 44, 48, 50, 52, 
 
 62, 64, 70, 74, 83, 114, 139, 183, 208, 
 
 339. 
 Marsh, Abraham, 250. 
 Marsh, Abram, 389. 
 Marsh, Benjamin S., 221. 
 Marsh, Charles, 370, 405. 
 
 Marsh, Charles P., 164, 370. 
 
 Marsh, Daniel, 11, 23, 37, 39, 213, 395, 
 
 309, 318. 
 Marsh, Eliphalet, 143. 
 Marsh, Elisha, 10, 38, 41, 48, 49, 51, 53, 
 
 .53, 62, 68, 64, 117, 208. 
 Marsh, Rev. George D., 350. 
 Marsh, George P., 377. 
 Marsh, James, 350, 370, 388. 
 Marsh, Joel, 24, 37, 38, 41, 48, 49, 50, 
 
 51, 52, 69, 70, 73, 75, 76, 85, 86, 87, 
 131, 137, 141, 226, 228, 373, 309. 
 
 Marsh, John, 38, 41, 44, 47, 48, 60, 114, 
 
 189, 305. 
 Marsh, Jonathan, 84, 35, 36, 43, 46, 47, 
 
 59, 60, 63, 63, 64. 
 Marsh, Joseph, 33, 34, 88, 41, 49, 50, 51, 
 
 52, 53, 34, ■62, 63, 64, 69, 72, 73, 74, 76, 
 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88, 95, 114, 
 140, 183, 305, 214, 309, 870. 
 
 Marsh, Joseph, Jr., 84. 
 
 Marsh, Rev. Joseph, 336, 347. 
 
 Marsh, Leonard, 890. 
 
 Marsh, Milo, 117, 308, 307. 
 
 Marsh, Roger, 309, 227. 
 
 Marsh, RosweU, 34, 82, 888, 370, 405. 
 
 Marsh, Rev. Sainuel, 247. 
 
 Marsh, Timothy, 338. 
 
 Mai-ston, Frank, 403. 
 
 Martin, A. C,, 354. 
 
 Martin, Jonathan, 6, 60. 
 
 Martin, Joseph, 60. 
 
 Mason, Elijah, 33, 91, 209, 309, 378. 
 
 Mason, Jeremiah, 370. 
 
 Mason, John, 370. 
 
 Matson, David, 125, 186. 
 
 Matthews, Joel, 73, 74. 
 
 Mattocks, John, 385. 
 
 Mattoon, Charles, 307. 
 
 Maxham, Rev. A. S., 255. 
 
 May, Rev. Melvin, 339. 
 
 Meech, Ezra, 885. 
 
 Members of Congress, 392. 
 
 Memorial Association, 338, 334. 
 
 Merrill, Rev. Josiah, 230. 
 
 Merrill, Rev. Sylvester, 336. 
 
 Military Necrology, 335. 
 
 MiUtia Pay-rolls, 83, 88, 84, 87, 89, 90, 
 
 91, 93. 
 MUler, Peter, 125. 
 MUler, Rev. Robert, 229, 281. 
 Mmer, Thomas, 48. 
 Moore, Alonzo, 122. 
 Moore, Sir Henry, 63, 63, 64, 65, 66. 
 Moore, Ira, 22. 
 Moore, James, 155, 884. 
 Moors' Charity School, 242. 
 Moredock, Thomas, 94. 
 Morgan, Isaac, 75. 
 Morris, Edward, 122. 
 Morris, Edwai-d W., 136. 
 Morris, Ephraim, 137, 317, 239. 
 Morris, Lewis R., 167. 
 Morris, Sylvester, 122, 136. 
 Morse, Prof. S. F. B., 387. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 485 
 
 Mott, Dr. Valentine, 390. 
 Mimger, S. E., 163. 
 Murdook, Jacob, 121. 
 Mnrdock, Samuel, 40. 
 Murdock, Thomas, 84. 
 
 Neal, Alfred, 397. 
 Necrology, 185. 
 Nelson, Gen. S. B., 363. 
 Newcomb, Daniel, 41, 60. 
 Newcomb, James, 60. 
 Newmarcli, Joseph, 61, 63, 64, 66. 
 Newport, Rev. Fred., 329. 
 Newton, Baxter B., 24, 148. 
 Newton, David, 54, 144. 203. 
 Newton, Enos, 330. 
 Newton, Enos W., 388. 
 Newton, George, 39. 
 Newton, Jasper, 389. 
 Newton, Norman, 39. 
 Newton, Silas, 88. 
 Niles, Nathaniel, 243. 
 Noble, Charity, 217. 
 Nutt, AlonzoB., 32, 50. 
 Nutt, Samuel, 28, 127, 151, 169, 350, 
 374. 
 
 Odd Fellows, 313. 
 Olcott Falls Co., 134. 
 Olcott, Harriet, 133. 
 Olcott Mills, 133. 
 Olcott, Peter, 81, 83, 84. 
 Olcott, Wilham A., 183. 
 Ordway, S. S., 135. 
 Ottauquechee River, The, 14. 
 Overseers of the Poor, 295. 
 Owen, Caleb, 60. 
 
 Packard, Rev. Theophilus, 247. 
 
 Paddleford, Justin, 323. 
 
 Page, Ephraim W., 318, 
 
 Page, Jacob, 91. 
 
 Paine, Amasa, 146. 
 
 Paine, Charles, Gov. Vt., 17, 146, 307. 
 
 Paine, Elijah, 155. 
 
 Paine, O. M., 187. 
 
 Paine, Samuel, 38, 75. 
 
 Parker, Prof. H. C, 329. 
 
 Parker, Joseph C, 33, 118, 161, 334, 
 
 340, 293. ■ 
 Parker, J. Walter, 118, 403. 
 Parker, Oliver W., 396. 
 Parkhurst, Harry, 141. 
 Parkhurst, Phineas, 337. 
 Parkinson, Rev. R., 338. 
 Parsons, Rev. J. S., 350. 
 Partridge, Cyrus, 219. 
 Passumsio Railroad, 159, 251. 
 Patch, George E., 401. 
 Patterson, J. N., 152, 153. 
 Payne, John, 131. 
 
 Pay-Roils, Military, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92. 
 Pease, Allen L., 138, 269, 295, 300, 310, 
 
 314. 
 Pease, Charles W., 379, 349. 
 
 Pease, Christopher, 37, 41, 44, 47, 48, 
 
 49, 54, 60, 309. 
 Pease, Christopher, Jr., 49. 
 Pease, George, 39, 34. 
 Pease, H. C, 293. 
 Pease, Samuel, 48, 49, 204. 
 Pease, Walter, 23, 348. 
 Penfleld, Abel, 117, 338. 
 Perkins, Rev. L. R. B., 224. 
 Perry, Isaac, 308. 
 Perry, Wm., 208, 299, 317. 
 Peters, Samuel, LL. D., 368. 
 Phelps, Daniel, 133. 
 Phelps, Eliphalet, 60. 
 Phelps, Col. J. W., 320. 
 Phelps, Silas, 4, 8, 43, 60. 
 Phelps, Timothy, 73. 
 Pigeon, Rev. M., 253. 
 Pingree, S. E., 26, 27, 393, 393, 399. 
 Pingree, Mrs. S. M., 367. 
 Pinneo, Charles, 146, 307. 
 Pinneo, David, 37, 41, 44, 47, 49, 50, 
 
 53, 62, 63, 64, 139, 306. 
 Pinneo, James, Jr., 59, 60. 
 Pinneo, John, 276. 
 Pitkin, Paul, 208, 212, 325. 
 Pitkin, Thomas W., 117, 306, 360. 
 Pixley, Asa, 121, 204. 
 Pixley, Benjamin, 276, 806. 
 Pixley, WiUiam, 121, 204. 
 Piatt, James H., 235. 
 Plummer, Frederick, 259. 
 PomeroY, Daniel, 60. 
 Pomeroy, Joshua, 60. 
 Poor, General, 77, 80. 
 Porter, Benjamin, 291, 395, 348. 
 Porter, Charles W., 38, 393, 377. 
 Porter, Elam, 404. 
 Porter, George E., 403. 
 Porter, Gen. J. N., 73. 
 Poi-ter, James G., 164. 
 Porter, John, 23, 126, 334, 360, 273,293, 
 
 308, 377. 
 Porter, John Foster, 899. 
 Porter, Joseph, 389. 
 Porter, Samuel, 40, 60. 
 Porter, WiUiam, 204. 
 Porter, William B., 403. 
 Porter, Wright, 22. 
 Postmasters, 168, 169. 
 Post Offices, 168, 169. 
 Potter, Rev. Isaiah, 244. 
 Potter, Rev. Lyman, 372. 
 Potter, Sanford, 169, 269. 
 Powell, Rowland, Jr., 60, 140. 
 Powers, Thomas E., 161, 162. 
 Pratt, Lewis, 161, 164. 
 Pratt, JohnT., 377. 
 Price, B. D., 255. 
 Prince, Daniel, 10. 
 Propagating Lands, 268. 
 Propagation Society, 268, 364, 266. 
 Prouty, Burpee, 34, 330. 
 
 Queohee Gulph, 163. 
 
486 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 QueoheeMfg. Co., 118. 
 Quechee Meeting-house Society, 333. 
 Quimby, J. M., 256. 
 Quotoquechee, The, 14. 
 
 Railroads, 154-161. 
 
 Ransom, Daniel, 137, 208, 305, 388. 
 
 Ransom, EUhu, 357. 
 
 Ransom, Matthew, 117, 318, 338. 
 
 Ray, Rev. B. F., 222, 224, 338. 
 
 Raymond, Emmons, 160. 
 
 Raymond, Charles S., 162. 
 
 Raymond, W. C, 164. 
 
 Redington, Daniel, 60. 
 
 Renahan, William, 26. 
 
 Rice, Gershom, 227. 
 
 Rice, JohnL., 287. 
 
 Rice, Rev. A. B., 239. 
 
 Richards, Chester, 121. 
 
 Richards, Rev. Cyi-us S., 250, 393. 
 
 Richards, Joel, 204, 383. 
 
 Richards, Rev. John, 313, 319, 238, 336. 
 
 Richards, Rev. John DeForrest, 250, 
 
 397 
 Richards, Wm. Evart's, 396. 
 Richardson, Asa, 349. 
 Richardson, Daniel, 338. 
 Richardson, Israel, 204. 
 Richardson, Lester, 360, 351. 
 Richardson, Thomas, 41, 48, 49. 
 Rider, Joshua, 357. 
 Rider, Peter, 399, 306. 
 Rider, Mrs. Peter, 107. 
 Ripley, Rev. Sylvanus, 242. 
 Roberts, Wm. G., 161, 349. 
 Robinson, Amos, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 
 
 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,53, 56, 62, 63, 64,69. 
 
 73, 74, 75, 140, 183, 305, 357, 378, 274, 
 Robinson, Eleazer, 41, 47, 48, 49, 50, 
 
 140. 
 Rogers, Rev. John, 224. 
 Rood, Rev. Heman, 222, 238. 
 Rosters, Military, 323. 
 Roundy, John, 60. 
 Rowe, Rev. E. F., 234. 
 Rowell, C. C, 348. 
 Roy, Ebenezer, 385. 
 Russ, A. B., 291. 
 Russ, Benjamin, 208, 295. 
 Russ, Darius, 254. 
 Buss, Irvin, 167, 269. 
 Russ, Jeremiah, 84. 
 Russ, Phineas, 84. 
 Russ, ShubeU, 23, 219, 237. 
 Russell, Rev. Gary, 219, 249. 
 Russell, Josiah, 38. 
 
 SaflEord, Henry, 33, 336, 339, 340, 295. 
 
 Saflford, Joseph, 89. 
 
 Safford, N. B., 28, 183, 169, 281, 291, 
 
 Sanborn, Prof. E. D., 394. 
 Savage, Pi-ancis W., 24, 131, 355. 
 Savage, George H., 138. 
 Savage, Harper T., 330. 
 
 Savage, Norman, 136. 
 
 Savage, Seth, 82. 
 
 Savage, Thomas, 48,53, 131, 140. 
 
 Savage, Truman H., 254, 291. 
 
 Savage, William, 136, 250, 373. 
 
 Scales, Wm., 132. 
 
 School Districts, 374. 
 
 School Money, 283. 
 
 School Superintendents', 379. 
 
 Searle, Rev. R. T., 339. 
 
 Seaver, R. A., 340. 
 
 Seelys, Abner, 75. 
 
 Selectmen, 294. 
 
 Sessions, Darius, 41, 205. 
 
 Sessions, John, 95. 
 
 Sewall, Rev. Wm., 335, 338. 
 
 SheUis, Francis W., 303. 
 
 Sheppard, Constance, 230. 
 
 Sheppard, Rev. Fayette, 247. 
 
 Shepperdson, Wm., 136. 
 
 Sherburne, Rev. L. O. , 354. 
 
 Sherman, Samuel, 166. 
 
 Short, Rev. Silvan, 389. 
 
 Shurtlefle, Rev..Roswell, 319, 343. 
 
 Silloway, T. W,, 235.- 
 
 Simons, Jeduthan, 60. 
 
 Simonson, John, 386. 
 
 Sisco, E. F., 335. 
 
 Sisco, John F., 336. 
 
 Skinner, Richard, Gov. Vt., 372. 
 
 Slade, WiUiam, 366. 
 
 Slapp, John, 75. 
 
 Smith, Albert, M. D., 403. 
 
 Smith, Rev. Asa D., 339. 
 
 Smith, Rev. Bezaleel, 339, 335, 339. 
 
 Smith, Charles T., 377. , 
 
 Smith, D. G., 134. 
 
 Smith, Rev. Elihu, 338. 
 
 Smith, E. K., 138, 139. 
 
 Smith, George, 41, 53, 60. 
 
 Smith, George T., 318. 
 
 Smith, George W., 128, 139, 130. 
 
 Smith, Israel, 81. 
 
 Smith, Jacob, 149. 
 
 Smith, Rev. John, 203, 204, 343. 
 
 Smith, Justin, 304. 
 
 Smith, Dr. J. L., 353. 
 
 Smith, Oramel H. , 154. 
 
 Smith, Seth, 73. ■ 
 
 Smith, Sylvanus, 304, 257, 383. 
 
 Smith, Uriah, 257, 259. 
 
 Smith, Walter, 307. 
 
 Smith, W. F., 330. 
 
 Smith, W. T., 187. 
 
 Snow, Nathan, 126. 
 
 Southgate, Rev. Robert, 234. 
 
 Spaulding, Leonard, 94. 
 
 Spencer, Hezekiah, 60. 
 
 Spencer, Rev. James, 359. 
 
 Spencer, John, 301. 
 
 Spencer, John, Jr., 9, 10, 30, 60. 
 
 Spencer, Timothy, 73. 
 
 Spooner, James, 359. 
 
 Spooner, Paul, 83, 84, 88. 
 
 Sprague, Daniel, 304. 
 
 Sprague, Edward P., 391. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 487 
 
 Sprague, Elkanah, 23, 41, 51, 53, 93. 
 
 Sprague, 'Philip, 304. 
 
 Sprague, Philo, 13i. 
 
 Sprague, Silas, 60. 
 
 Stannai-d, Lt.-Col. G. F., 330. 
 
 State Officers, 393. 
 
 Steamboats, 150. 
 
 Steai-ns, O. L., 333. 
 
 Stebbins, Derrick, 880. 
 
 Stephens, H. O., 336. 
 
 Stetson, Royal N., 370. 
 
 Stevenson, A. E., 168. 
 
 Stevenson, George, 151. 
 
 Sterling, Capt. Wm., 386. 
 
 Stevens, Elias, 141. 
 
 Stevens, Elkanali, 149. 
 
 Stevens, Halsey R., 154. 
 
 Stevens, Simon, 73, 74, 95. 
 
 Stewai-t, Rev. Charles, 366. 
 
 Stewart. Wm., 117. 
 
 Stiles, Joseph N., 403. 
 
 Stoddard, Jesse, 135, 301. 
 
 Stockman, E. A., 270. 
 
 Stone, Rev. Samuel, 338. 
 
 Story, Chief Justice, 267. 
 
 Strong, Benajfch, 3, 31, 34, 35, 43, 45, 
 
 47, 50, 53, 53, 60, 62, 64, 140. 
 Strong, Charles H., 398. 
 Strong, EHjah, 3, 9, 10, 31, 32, 34, 35, 
 
 36, 37, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 55, 
 
 60, 62, 63, 64, 69, 139, 142, 205, 306, 
 
 809. 
 Strong, Jedediah, 60, 125, 126, 296. 
 Strong, John, 10, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49, 76, 
 
 83, 136. 
 Strong, J. Dwight, 123, 126. 
 Strong, John P., 119. 
 Strong, Phineas, 41, 52. 
 Strong, Widow Ruth, 10, 38, 50, 51, 69. 
 Strong, Solomon, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 43, 
 
 44, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 53, 60, 63, 63, 
 
 64, 139. 
 Strong, Wm., 33, 93, 393, 298, 349, 359, 
 
 378. 
 Sturtevant, Foster, 133, 134. 
 Suicides, 199. 
 
 Sullivan, Rev. Daniel, 353. 
 Sullivan, Rev. John L., 154. 
 Suniner, H. A., 260. 
 Surveyors of Highways, 140. 
 Swan, Benjamin, 882. 
 
 Taft, Abijah, 33. 
 
 Taft, Orrin A., 183, 370. 
 
 Taylor, Samuel H., 394. 
 
 Taylor, Wilham, 65. 
 
 Temple, William, 61. 
 
 Tenney, Dr. Charles H., 317, 879, 408. 
 
 Tenney, Homer H., 403. 
 
 Tenney, Dr. Ira, 34, 337, 408. 
 
 Tenney, John, 148. 
 
 Tenney, Reuben, 131, 397. 
 
 Terrv, Ephraim, 60. 
 
 Terry, Samuel, 31, 43, 46, 60. 
 
 Terry, Samuel, Jr., 60. 
 
 TewJcsbury, Oliver, 350. 
 
 Thomas, Harvey, 33, 360. 
 
 Thomas, Nathaniel, 33, 360. 
 
 Thompson, Charles E., 183. 
 
 Thompson, Mary O., 133. 
 
 Thompson, S. S., 163, 164. 
 
 Throope, Nathaniel, 87. 
 
 Thurston, Charles H., 137, 330. 
 
 Thv/rston, Rev. D. L., 250. 
 
 Thurston, Stephen, 34. 
 
 Tichenor, Isaac, Gov. Vt., 272. 
 
 Tilden, Asa, 144. 
 
 TUden, Byron. 128. 
 
 Tilden, Joel, 131. 
 
 Tilden, Josiah, 11, 23, 39, 53, 83, 136, 
 
 278' 279 
 Tilden, Josiah T., 388. 
 Tilden, Lucius W., 122. 
 Tilden, Norman, 136. 
 Tilden, Parthenia, 38, 113. 
 Tilden, Samuel, 373. 
 TUden, Stephen, 11, 38, 41, 48, 49, 50, 
 
 51, 53, 54, 56, 69, 76, 84, 93, 94, 95, 
 
 131, 139, 293, 309, 337. ■ 
 Tilden, Stephen, Jr., 87, 40, 54, 60, 84, 
 
 118, 140. 
 Tinker, Henry E., 155, 254. 
 Tinkham, Charles, 23, 260. 
 Toby, Capt. Joshua, 355. 
 Tomb, 197. 
 Town Clerks, 393. 
 Town Representatives, 297. 
 Town Treasurers, 398. 
 Towne, Rev. Josiah, 347. 
 l^acy, Andrew, 33, 41, 53, 82, 84, 206, 
 
 292, 880, 405. 
 Tracy, Rev. A. E., 391. 
 Tracy, Columbus, 126. 
 Tracy, Rev. Ebenzer C, 250, 351, 388. 
 Tracy, Ira C, 318, 250; 890. 
 Tracy, James, 87, 39, 53, 215, 305. 
 Ti-acy, John, 121, 126. 
 Tracy, Joseph, 140, 218. 
 Tracy, Rev. Joseph, 350, 387. 
 Tracy, Rev. Miron, 350. 
 Tracy, Prince, 4, 6, 9, 27, 80, 81, 36, 40, 
 
 41, 42, 48, 45, 46, 47, 59, 60, 61, 62, 
 
 63, 64, 66, 70, 74, 139, 140, 172. 
 Tracy, Samuel, 213, 219, 220, 221, 225, 
 
 249. 
 Tracy, Thomas, 8, 41 43, 53, 60, 307. 
 Trumbull, David, 33, 133. 
 Trumbull, Guy, 128. 
 Tiyon, Stephen, 304. 
 Tryon, Wm., Gov. N. Y., 66. 
 Tuck, Amos, 394. 
 Tucker, Alba M., 24, 883. 
 Tucker, Alvan, 34, 137, 381, 848. 
 Tucker, Charles A., 403. 
 Tucker, Laban, 36. 
 Tucker, Samuel B., 155, 3'31, 348. 
 Tucker, W. Howard, 348. 
 Turner, Elizabeth, lijl. 
 Turner, Isaac, 204, 253. 
 Tuttle, Caleb, 122. 
 
 Tyler, Rev. Bennett, LL. D., 346, 347. 
 Tyler, Samuel, 118. 
 
488 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Udall, Baiii, 23, 305, 318, 379, 349. 
 Udall, George, 349, 351. 
 Udall, James, 33, 393, 339. 
 Udall, Jolin, 183, 184. 
 UdaU, Lionel, 33, 41, 47, 48, 377. 
 Udall, Oliver, 306. 
 
 Udall, Samuel, 41, 50, 51, 70, 183, 306. 
 Udall, WiUiam, 83. 
 
 United Brethren Lodge, (21), 309, 370, 
 376. 
 
 Vt. Agricultural Society, 39. 
 Vt. Central Railroad, 17, 18. 
 Vt. Clu-onicle, The, 388. 
 Vt. Journal, The, 35, 138. 
 Van Ornum, A. J., 134. 
 Van Ornum, John, 134. 
 Vincent, Rev. S. L., 239. 
 Vose, John, 397. 
 
 Wade, Benjamin, 363. 
 
 Wade, James, 34, 137. 
 
 Wait, Benjamin, 73. 
 
 Waldow, Nathan, 60. 
 
 Wales, George E., 31, 33, 147, 315, 316, 
 
 383, 393, 380, 384, 405. 
 Walton, E. P., 154, 168. 
 Ward, Josiah, 386. 
 War Records, 318. 
 Ware 1. 
 
 Warner,' Daniel, 61, 63, 64, 66. 
 Warner, Nathaniel, 60. 
 Warner, Col. Seth, 77, 79, 86. 
 Warren, Gideon, 85. 
 Warriner, Nathan, 45. 
 Washburn, Rev. A. C, 337, 347, 387. 
 Washburn, P. T., Gov. Vt., 163, 330, 
 
 333, 359, 383. 
 Washington, George, Prest. U. 8., 79. 
 Watchman, The Vt., 154. 
 Water Quechee, The, 9, 10, 14, 144. 
 Watkins, Rev. R. A., 319, 328, 233. 
 Watson, E. C, 134. 
 Webster, Daniel, 267, 380, 385. 
 Webster, David, 356. 
 Webster, John, 370. 
 Webster, Samuel, 41, 51, 53. 
 Weed, Mrs. Harriet, 355. 
 Wellington, Rev. Horace, 239, 333. 
 Wells, Eleazer, 353. 
 Wells, Samuel, 143. 
 Wentworth, Beuuiag, Gov. N. H., 1, 
 
 3, 3, 39, 54, 56, 373. 
 Wentworth, Samuel, 61, 63, 64, 66. 
 West, Henry, 36. 
 West, Moses H., 276. 
 Wheeler, Frank, 34, 348. 
 Wheeler, N. P., 351. 
 Wheeler, Zacchrus, 137. 
 Wheelock, Eleazer, D. D., 242. 
 Wheelock, Rev. James R., 347, 388. 
 Wheelock,. John, 133. 
 White Falls, The, 39. 
 White, Jonathan C, 142. 
 White, Rev. Joseph, 388. 
 White, N. W., 317. 810. 
 White River Bridge Co., 146. 
 
 White River Falls, 2. 
 
 White River Falls Co., 133, 134. 
 
 White River Mill Co., 136. 
 
 White River Turnpike Co., 141. 
 
 Whitcomb, David, 304. 
 
 Whiting, Col. Henrv, 330. 
 
 Whitman, C. R., 335. 
 
 Whitmore, Gordon, 133. 
 
 Whitney, Benjamin, 6, 60, 135. 
 
 Whitney, Ebenezer, 137, 
 
 Whitney, Jonathan, 208, 311, 335. 
 
 Whitney, Peter, 127. 
 
 Whittaker, Rev. James B., 253. 
 
 Whitton, S. J., 133. 
 
 Wight, Joshua, 40, 60. 
 
 Willard, Aaron, 134, 
 
 WiUard, Oliver, 49, 55, 56, 58, 61, 63, 
 
 66. 
 Williams, Channing, 35. 
 WiUiams, Elias, 360. 
 WiUiams, Isaac, 185. 
 Williams, John P., 351. 
 WilUams, Joseph, 79. 
 WiUiams, J. H., 161. 
 WiUiams, Norman, 354, 377, 883. 
 WiUiams, Samuel, 30, 4», 60. 
 WUUams, Dr., 80. 
 WUliamson, A. E., 348. 
 Williamson, Frances, 36. 
 Wills, Orvis, 13. 
 WUls, Reuben, 34, 131. 
 Wilmot, M. H., 370. 
 WUson, David, 34, 137. 
 WUson, Elias, 135. 
 Wilson, Putnam, 376, 307. 
 Winchester, David D., 118. 
 Wolfe, A. H., 138. 
 Wood, Rev. Hemy, 245, 349. 
 Wood, James, 126. 
 Wood, Jolin, 80. 
 Wood, Rev. Luke, 337. 
 Wood, Ora, 331, 335. 
 Wood, Dea. Samuel, 338. 
 Woodbury, Albert, 5., 
 Woodbury, Rev. Fi-ank, 296. 
 Woodman, T. C, 384. 
 Woodvrard, Beza, 55. 
 Woodvsrard, David, 75. 
 Woodward, Rev. Jas. W., 214, 247. 
 Woodward, W. H., 246. 
 Worcester, Dr., 248. 
 Wright, Amasa, 56. 
 Wright, Austin H., 250, 392. 
 Wright, Benjamin, 11, 83, 33, 84, 37 
 
 38, 41, 43, 44, 47, 49, 52, 60, 63, 63, 
 
 64, 69, 73, 78. 
 Wright, Benjamin, Jr., 49, 50, 60, 
 
 121, 140. 
 Wright, David, 34, 49, 51, 107, 136, 
 
 167, 306, 313, 274. 
 Wright, EUsha, 3, 6, 60, 131. 
 Wright, Ephriam, 45. 
 Wright, John, 338. 
 Wright, Jonathan, 89.,, 
 Wright, Rev. Worthin^a,-219. 
 Wright, Zadock, 62, 63, 64, 84. 
 Yongs, WiUiam, 60.