iMe*;.;i'v'v':i'! 1 
 
ALBERT R. MANn 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 AT 
 
CVSU'VA. IJtJIVEHSlT^ 
 
 II 
 
 3 1924 073 975 645 
 
Cornell University 
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^51 
 
ORIGIN AND PROGRESS 
 
 or 
 
 THE ORDER 
 
 OK THE 
 
 PATRONS OF HUSBAIRY 
 
 ■ IN THI 
 
 A HISTORY FROM 1866 TO 1873. 
 
 By O. H. KELLEY, 
 
 Secrktart of the National Grange. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA.: 
 
 /. A. WAGENSELLER, PUBLISHER. 
 
 1875. 
 
?5Ka i2?6^ 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, 
 
 By O. H. KELLEY, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarwn of Congteis at Washington, D. C. 
 
 c^l5S*?7 
 
 XLBCTSOTYFSD, PRINTED AKD BOinn> 
 
 ByJ. A. WAGENSELLER, 
 Ko. 33 Noan Sixth St.» FmLABKLTHU, Pa. 
 
TO THE ARMY 
 
 ov 
 
 }^0BI,E-J4eAF^TED fi^H AJ<D ^OfA^H 
 
 WHO HAVE SO 
 
 CHEERFULLY GIVEN THEIR SUPPORT 
 
 TO OUR ORDER, 
 
 TSrS RECORD OF ITS EARLY DA YS, 
 Br 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I, p^oKs. 
 
 Origin of the Order, . . . 11-90 
 
 CHAPTER H, 
 
 Organizing of Granges, . , 91-151 
 
 CHAPTER HI, 
 
 Encouraging Prospects, . . 152-217 
 
 CHAPTER IV, 
 
 "Work of the Tear 1870, . . 218-296 
 
 CHAPTER V, 
 
 Success Finally Assured, . . 297-357 
 
 CHAPTER YI, 
 
 Victory Through Perseverance, 358-413 
 
 CHAPTER Vn, 
 
 Permanent Organization, . 414-424 
 
 ROLL OF HONOR, .... 425 
 
 THE EXPENDITURES, . . . 426^30 
 LIST OF DEPUTIES, .... 431-442 
 
PUBLISHERS PREFACE. 
 
 N the preparation of this History of the 
 Origin and Progress of the Secret Order of 
 the Patrons of Husbandry in the United States — 
 one of the "most beneficent and useful secular 
 institutions in our country " — the Author has con- 
 clusively shown, chiefly by documentary evidence, 
 how and through whom the Order originated — 
 who were its main supporters and organizers — its 
 aims and objects — the amount of money received, 
 and how disbursed — its slow, feeble growth at the 
 beginning, and the numerous obstacles and discour- 
 agements to be overcome, before arriving at the 
 period of assured success in January, 1873, when 
 the permanent organization of the National Grange 
 was effected at Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 The object has been to give plain facts, avoiding 
 all unnecessary comments. In making extracts 
 
 7 
 
viii. Publisher's Preface. 
 
 from the many letters, and in copying from the old 
 records historical matter which otherwise would 
 never have been published, will tend to settle old 
 controversies and differences relative to facts and 
 dates, and puts in convenient form opinions which 
 may hereafter be valuable for reference. As will 
 be seen, the correspondents, while building the 
 Order, were unwittingly writing its early history in 
 their daily letters. What could be more simple or 
 reliable? All letters are on file, and can be verified. 
 
 The Author is neither an historian nor polished 
 writer, but a Minnesota farmer; yet no one know- 
 ing him will fail to detect his handiwork in this 
 volume. All labor connected with its preparation 
 has been performed either before or after the ardu- 
 ous duties of his official hours, and delivered to the 
 Publisher in chapters, as prepared. 
 
 The perusing of the old letters — ^the living over 
 again, as it were, those early cheerless years of 
 severe mental and physical labors, with their disap- 
 pointments, privations and hardships — seem to have 
 enveloped the Author in a serious, matter-of-fact 
 mood, and deprived the reader of much native 
 
Publisher's Preface. ix. 
 
 humor. It is, however, a source of unwonted 
 satisfaction, to believe that those earlier years of 
 toil and sacrifice for the cause, have already con- 
 tributed many happy hours to thousands of farmers' 
 families, besides otherwise securing to them innu- 
 merable benefits. 
 
 The unprecedented success of this Institution is 
 one of the most prominent incentives on record, to 
 perseverance under trying and almost insurmount- 
 able difficulties. It also demonstrates the efficiency 
 and power of the newspaper press — than the united 
 co-operation of which, there is not a more effective 
 ally, in behalf of any good cause, in our country. 
 
 The book is thoroughly interesting from begin- 
 ning to end, and is the only complete, reliable 
 History of the Order published. "With the confi- 
 dent hope that it will meet the expectations of all 
 the members, and gratify the general public, it is 
 now issued by 
 
 THE PUBLISHER. 
 
 April, 1875. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 ORIGIN OF THE ORDER. 
 
 ^jf T is generally acknowledged that the idea of the 
 WL Order of the Patrons of Husbandry originated 
 with the writer. From its inception he has given 
 it his whole attention, and hence claims to be tho- 
 roughly informed regarding the work, as it pro- 
 gressed, up to the time of permanent organization 
 of the National Grange,, at Georgetown, D. C, in 
 January, 1873. Repeated calls from many associates, 
 for authentic history, prompts him to comply, and 
 he has woven together, in these pages, facts that he 
 hopes will be interesting, and which show an instance 
 of success, through perseverance, in a good cause. 
 
 Excessive drought in Northern Minnesota during 
 the years 1862-63, by which I was a considerable 
 sufferer, and the favorable reception of my newspa- 
 per contributions, induced me to accept a proposi- 
 tion to spend the winter of 1864 in "Washington, 
 and through the favor of Senator Ramsey, I received 
 a clerkship in the Department of Agriculture. 
 
12 Patrons cf Husbandry. 
 
 I formed but few acquaintances that winter, the 
 only one of real intimacy being that of Eev. Jolm 
 Trimble, Jr. By agreement with Jlr. Newton, I re- 
 turned to Minnesota in the spring of 1866, and there 
 remained until the receipt of the following request : 
 
 Department of Agricultttre, 
 "Washington, D. C, October 20«ft, 1865. 
 0. H. KJELLET, Esq., Itasca, Minn. : 
 
 Dear Sir : — I am exceedingly anxious to have you come 
 to this city by the 1st proximo, if you can possibly arrange to be 
 here by that time. I wish to see you on special business requir- 
 ing your presence. I am, sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 Isaac Newton, Commissioner. 
 
 I reached "Washington early in November, and half 
 an hour's interview resulted in the assurance of Mr. 
 Newton that I should have an appointment to go 
 South for the winter. I waited rather impatiently, 
 and after several weeks' delay, found he was waver- 
 ing relative to the fulfillment of his promise. 
 
 Consulting with Doctor Trimble, I laid my plans 
 to accomplish my purpose, and early in January was 
 favored with an interview with President Johnson, 
 lie coincided in my views, relative to the advantage 
 to be gained by encouraging immigi-ation to the 
 South, and assured me Mr. Newton should make 
 the appointment. It was done the same day. 
 
 January 13th, 1866, 1 left "Washington on my long 
 cherished trip, bearing the following commission : 
 
12 
 
 REV. JOHN TRIMBLE, JR. 
 
Origin of the 'Order. ij 
 
 Depahtmekt of Ac.r.icuLTunE, 
 Washington, D. C, January 1st, 18C0. 
 To O. H. Kelley, Esq. : 
 
 Sir : — The relations of the Southern States -with the Gov- 
 ernment for several years past having jirevcnted this Department 
 from obtaining the usual statistical and other information from 
 those States, and a prevailing desire for reliable information 
 being manifested on the part of the people, I have determined, 
 with the advice and authority of his Excellency, the President of 
 the United States, to appoint you an Agent of this Department, 
 to proceed immediately through the States lately in hostility 
 against the Government, to procure such information, and report 
 the same to this Department for publication. Having reference 
 to the enclosed instructions, you will immediately enter upon the 
 discharge of your duties as such Agent. 
 
 Isaac Newton, Coinmissioner. 
 
 J.Iy instructions required mc to communicate at 
 regular intervals with tlie Commissioner, wliicli Avas 
 done promptly, also talcing tlie precaution to keep 
 for myself a daily record of nay trip and observations. 
 
 I made a short stay in Virginia and K'orth Caro- 
 lina, and reached Charleston, S. C, January 29th. 
 Here and in the vicinity I remained until the 15tli 
 of INIarch, visiting rice and, cotton plantations, and 
 obtaining much valuable information. In my inter- 
 course with the planters it was evidently no disad- 
 vantage to be a member of the ilasonic fraternity, 
 and as such I Avas cordially received. 
 
 On the morning of February 27th, we received 
 news from "Washington that the white troops were 
 
i^ Patrons of Hitsbajidiy. 
 
 to be recalled from the South. This caused quite 
 a stir, and a large number of Northerners, stopping 
 at the Mills House, left for home on the first train. 
 Referring to my daily record, I am reminded of the 
 effects of the information, and remarked at the time, 
 that politicians would never restore peace in the 
 country; if it came at all, it must be through 
 fraternity. The ■peofle North and South must know 
 each other as members of the same great family, 
 and all sectionalism be abolished. Among the capi- 
 talists it was their policy to depreciate property in 
 the South, and when they should be enabled to se- 
 cure prominent advantages, then a more liberal 
 course would be pursued. 
 
 The general aim of my visit was to get a good 
 knowledge of the agricultural and mineral resources 
 of the South. Hence my attention was devoted 
 principally to the planters and plantations. While 
 at Charleston, I made a trip up the Peedee river, 
 and was the guest of Col. Ben. Alston, from whom 
 I gathered much valuable information. Though 
 here and there were marks of devastation by the 
 cruel hand of war, yet there was a fascination that 
 warmed my heart towards all I met. 
 
 While traveling, I was enjoying a lively corres- 
 pondence with many at the North, and mentioned, 
 in a letter to my neice, Miss C. A. Hall, the idea of a 
 

 <^^c.^^. 
 
Origin of the Order. /J 
 
 Secret Society of Agriculturists, as an element to re- 
 store kindly feelings among tlie people. At Mobile 
 I received her replj^, in which she expressed sympa- 
 thy for the women of the South, and much encour- 
 aged my suggestion that an organization of the 
 farmers of the country might prove a blessing. At 
 Savannah I met P. H.Woodward, with whom I spent 
 several days, and then accompanied him to Augusta 
 and Atlanta. From January until May, I was in mo- 
 tion through the several States. The idea of associ- 
 ation was fast getting fixed in my mind, and I re- 
 member comparing the Mississippi and its tributa- 
 ries to a national organization and its subordinates. 
 At Memphis, left the boat and took rail for Chat- 
 tanooga, where I stopped for the purpose of running 
 down to Atlanta to meet my friend "Woodward, for 
 a parting interview, when I gave him an outline of 
 my then rough plan of an association. On reaching 
 Washington, April 21st, I made but a short stop, 
 and spent the afternoon of the 22d with Doctor 
 Trimble. On leaving Washington, went first to 
 Boston, where I gave Miss Hall my views of the 
 association, in their crude state, to which she sug- 
 gested that we give ladies full membership. This 
 
 FEATURE ORIGINATED WITH HER. 
 
 I then returned home to Minnesota, where the 
 summer was spent at work upon the farm, return- 
 
i6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 ing to "Washington in November. During that 
 Summer, a plan was devised by v^hich I hoped to 
 secure a certain appointment from the President, 
 but vs^hich failed, very fortunately for myself. I 
 secured an appointment in the Post Office Depart- 
 ment early in January, 1867. 
 
 Thus far, and even until May, I had done no real 
 work upon the Order, only merely talked about it. 
 The 6th of May, 1867, 1 made the acquaintance of 
 W. M. Ireland, who had just received the appoint- 
 ment of Chief Clerk of the Finance Office of the 
 Post Office Department. "We occupied the same 
 room in the Department for several weeks. Find- 
 ing him a prominent member of the Masonic Order, 
 I broached the subject of my contemplated associa- 
 tion. He joined in with it, and so encouraged me 
 that I began penciling out a plan for a Kitual. The 
 skeleton of the Degree of Maid was the first written, 
 and was sent to my niece, Miss Hall, on the slips of 
 paper it was originally sketched upon, and return- 
 ed, with her criticisms. 
 
 In July I chanced to meet Mr. "William Saun- 
 ders, whom I had not seen since my first winter in 
 "Washington. During August, I introduced him to 
 Ireland, and at one of our interviews we told him 
 of our proposed association. He said it might 
 
17 
 
 W. M. IRELAND. 
 
Origin of the Order. ij 
 
 ]irove a good thing for the farmers, but the secret 
 feature he feared would be an objection. 
 
 I afterwards suggested to Ireland that Mr. Saun- 
 ders might be a valuable aid to us, o^^■i^g to his 
 position in the Department of Agriculture. lie 
 acquiesced, and Ave talked over our project more 
 fully with him. Mr. Saunders informed us of his 
 intended visit to St. Louis, to attend the meeting 
 of the United States Pomoloffieal Societv, and said 
 if we would give him in writing an outline of the 
 proposed society, he would submit it to some of 
 those he should meet, and see how it would take. 
 
 I c:ave him the followincr 
 
 OUTLINE OF THE ORDER: 
 
 August, 1867. 
 William Saunders, Esq., — Deak Sir ; 
 
 Notwithstanding a large majority of the people of this 
 country are directly engaged in Agriculture, I regret to say 
 in my travels North and South, East and West, I find there is a 
 rrreat lack of interest on the part of farmers, — a visible want 
 of energy on their part to favor progressive .agriculture. Where 
 we find one who reads agricultural books and jjapers, there are 
 ten or more who consider "book farming,'' as they term it, 
 nonsense. This average is too small. In one of our Western 
 States, after making a genera] investigation, I found the circula- 
 tion of purely agricultural papers was but one to everj' two hun- 
 dred and thirty inhabitants ; and libraries of fifty bound volumes 
 were exceptions, yet but very few who could not read and wi'ite. 
 Their system of farming was the same as llmt handed down by 
 
7c? Tlie Pati-om of Husbandry. 
 
 generations gone by, with the exception that economy prompted 
 lUem to use reaping and threshing macliines. Of the science of 
 agriculture, the natural laws that govern the growth of plants and 
 kindred subjects of pleasing and vital interest to farmers, when 
 once they turn their attention to them, there was ninety per cent, 
 who were totally ignorant. 
 
 Agricultural editors have worked faithfully for years, to induce 
 our rural population to read and think— their increasing circula- 
 tion (that of older papers) indicates that they have made some 
 progress, but we see there is something wanted to produce an ex- 
 citement which, when once created, we can throw on fuel and 
 increase the flame. 
 
 Agricultural societies have done much good by establishing 
 fairs ; yet these are generally the work of a few right-minded, 
 enthusiastic men, aided oftentimes by aspiring politicians. At 
 these fairs the great attractions generally are implements and 
 works of art, while the products of the soil offer the least attrac- 
 tions, and to bring the farmers out in any numbers, it is actually 
 necessary to introduce, as a prominent feature, horse-races and 
 numerous side-shows. 
 
 I think we can revolutionize all this, and I suggest the project 
 of organizing an Order to embrace in its membership only those 
 persons directly interested in cultivating the soil. I should make 
 it a secret order, with several degrees, and signs and passwords. 
 The lectures in each degree should be practical, appertainin<: to 
 agricultural work, at the same time convey a moral lesson. 
 While the order would aim to advance agriculture to a higher 
 rank, by encouraging education, it would at the same time natu- 
 rallj' embrace the benefits to its members guaranteed by Masonry. 
 Ever}' tool used by farmers and gardeners could be emblems of 
 the Order in some degree, and each convey a practical and moral 
 illustration. Being a rural organization, lodge furniture need 
 not be extravagant, yet appropriate. 
 
Origin of the Order. ig 
 
 Of membership, I should advocate both sexes being admitted, 
 having separate degrees for tlie ladies, yet all meet in common. 
 Making the expense of each degree but one dollar, would place it 
 within the means of all. The secrecy would lend an interest and 
 peculiar fascination, while the material for manufacturing new 
 degrees to lieep up an interest, would be inexhaustible ; and here 
 I can safely say no Order could surpass this in sublimity of the 
 degrees that can be introduced. 
 
 My plan of worii is this : Having a complete, but temporary 
 organization of an United States lodge, dispensations are to be 
 granted to lecturers to organize in several counties in each State ; 
 these county organizations to elect one delegate each to the State 
 organization, and the State organization one each to the United 
 States. As soon as the majority of the States shall be represented, 
 the temporary organization shall be permanently organized by 
 the United States delegates. A small fee from each membership 
 shall be annually paid to the united organization, and this will 
 defray its expenses. 
 
 The grand head of the organizations will be an auxiliary to the 
 department of agriculture; and as soon as this shall become a per- 
 manent department, with its Secretary in the Cabinet, it seems 
 to me Government can aid materially in advancing the agri- 
 cultural interests of the entire country. I should object to any 
 State, or United States delegate, holding any Government or 
 State political appointment, while serving in that capacity, and 
 thus keep it free from contamination. I should advocate the de- 
 partment sending out agents, men of known ability, for tlie collec- 
 tion of statistical information, who should be versed as botanists, 
 horticulturists, entomologists, etc., who should deliver free lec- 
 tures for the organizations, and to which the Order should invite 
 the public. In this way, by practical lectures properly illus- 
 trated, a vast amount of good could be effected through appro- 
 
20 The Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 priations of Congress, and hardly any member of Congress would' 
 wish to vote against appropriations that would be called for by 
 the department. 
 
 There is nothing now that binds the farmers together, and I 
 think such an Order would, with the most cheerful results. Its 
 tendency would be to encourage the circulation of our agricultu- 
 ral newspapers, which insure the co-operation of the editors. It 
 will increase the demand for fruit trees and nursery products, se- 
 curing the support of liorticulturists, etc. We only need to secure 
 the approval of our leading agriculturists. If such gentlemen as 
 Col. Wilder, Barry, yourself and others, besides the editors of 
 the agricultural press, will endorse the movement, it can possibly 
 be inaugurated by the middle of September. 
 
 Trusting these views will meet with your hearty approval, I 
 remain Tour sincere friend, 
 
 Fraternally, 
 
 O. H. Kellet. 
 
 P. S.— I venture to enclose the initiatory degree for your 
 perusal. 
 
 Mr. Saunders left about the middle of August, 
 
 and the first tidings we had of him was at San- 
 
 duskj^, where he wrote as follows: 
 
 Sanduskt, August SOt?i, 1867. 
 FaiEND Kellet : 
 
 I have been so constantly engaged that this is my 
 first writing opportunity. I am getting along very well and 
 seeing much. I have mentioned your Order to a good many, 
 and all agree in considering the thing a grand idea. Some will 
 write you on the subject when they reach homo— so tjiey pro- 
 posed. 1 have been with a party of excursionists for three days. 
 This morning I am free. Will remain here this day, Cleveland 
 to-morrow, and leave for Cincinnati on Monday. 
 
 Yours truly, Wm. Saunders. 
 
21 
 
 ANSON BARTLETT. 
 
Origin of the Order. 21 
 
 This short letter gave me decided pleasure. It 
 brought encouragement, though of only a few 
 lines; and here let me say my disposition was then 
 such that it took very few cheerful words to stimu- 
 late, or the same amount of censure to depress me. 
 I sought Ireland with a happy heart, and we took 
 counsel over our work. My room (ISTo. 48,) at the 
 Hotel, had become our general headquarters, and 
 every afternoon, between 5 and 6 o'clock, we sat 
 down for a cheerful smoke, and usually Avere joined 
 by Dr. Trimble. 
 
 I presume one of the most encouraging letters 
 we ever received, was the following from Anson 
 Bartlett, as it was the first from any one outside 
 of our circle: 
 
 KoRTH Madison, Lake Co., Ohio, Sept. %d, 1867. 
 O. H. Kellkt, Washington, 1). C, — 
 Mt Dear Sir : 
 
 In a private conversation with Mr. Saunders, of the 
 Department of Agriculture, a few days since, I was informed by 
 him that you were engaged in an endeavor to introduce a new se- 
 cret Order, under the title of Agricultural Lodges, or some equiva- 
 lent, and that you would probably be willing to correspond with me 
 upon the subject of introducing the same in this place. I there- 
 fore venture to address you, asking such information as you may 
 be willing to impart, promising that all such shall be considered 
 as strictly on the square. For any inquiries you wish to make, I 
 refer to — (Masonic reference in Charndon, Ohio). 
 Fraternall3' yours, 
 
 Akbox Baetlett. 
 
22 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 I did not sleep before the following reply was 
 penned : 
 
 Washington, D. C, Sept. Mli, 1867. 
 A. Bartlett, Esq., North. Madison, 0., — 
 My Dbab Sib : 
 
 Your favor of the 2d has been received. I am much 
 pleased to learn from you, as well as from friend Saunders, that my 
 idea of organizing an Order of agriculture meets with so much 
 favor. I commenced as a farmer in Minnesota in 1849, when the 
 Indians predominated in that now prosperous State. Being a 
 Boston boy, I naturally put theory and practice together in my 
 work, and have tried to inculcate the same among my neighbors. 
 Perhaps I have done some good. I have traveled some in our 
 glorious country — for it still exists as God made it, notwithstand- 
 ing the political troubles. I have noticed particularly those en- 
 gaged in cultivating the soil, who comprise the bulk of the popu- 
 lation, and among these are noble minds, — rough diamonds, that 
 only need the polishing wheel of education to show their real 
 value. Agricultural papers and works of art are doing much 
 good among those who will read and think. Agricultural fairs 
 have accomplished much, but these come but once a year, and 
 while being advertised, create an interest ; but as soon as they 
 are over, the interest is gone. 
 
 Now what I design is this : An Order that will create an inter- 
 est, and keep it up. Country and town societies and clubs are 
 interesting for a while, but soon lose their interest, and I see 
 nothing that will be lasting, imless it combine with it the advan- 
 tages which an Order similar to our Masonic fraternity will pro- 
 vide. Among the objects in view may be mentioned a cordial and 
 social fraternity of the farmers all over the country. Encourage 
 them to read and think ; to plant fruits and flowers, — beautify their 
 homes ; elevate them ; make them progressive. In our lectures 
 
Origin of the Order. 2^ 
 
 in the various degrees, just see what a fund of beautiful material 
 we have to make them sublime. Every tool the farmer works 
 with, and all his surroundings, the beauties of nature, can convey 
 a moral illustrated lesson, and in the labors of the farm also, — the 
 preparation of the soil (the mind) for the seed (ideas) — planting — 
 the harvest, etc. A feature was suggested by Mr. Saunders, to 
 discourage the use of distilled liquors, and if any beverage is 
 needed, let it be pure native wines. Make it incumbent upon 
 every member to plant at least one fruit tree and one vine 
 annually. 
 
 I am glad you feel an interest in the matter, and desire to have 
 you express yourself freely. Your counsel, and that of your con- 
 fidential friends, is most earnestly solicited. I am coniident, that 
 if we take hold of the matter in good earnest, we can make it a 
 popular and permanent institution in a very short time ; and by 
 having the fee of membership at a low sum — say one dollar for 
 each degree — can, in twelve month), number our brothers by the 
 million. As it must naturally encourage the increase of subscri- 
 bers to agricultural papers, the editors will favor us ; and printer's 
 ink, you know, is a valuable article when judiciously used. 
 
 I have associated with me here two brother Masons,— Brothers 
 Ireland and Trimble, — whose advice I need to lay out the work 
 on a scale of sufficient magnitude for a large Order. 
 
 My plan is this : As soon as we can get the work in the differ- 
 ent degrees perfected, then make one person at least in each State 
 familiar with the work, and give him an appointment, with full 
 power to organize a Lodge, and from this spread it into each 
 county in the State. From each Subordinate Lodge send one 
 delegate to the State Lodge, which shall be composed of these 
 delegates. Each State Lodge to send annually one delegate to 
 the United States Lodge, they to constitute that Lodge. 
 
 To keep it free from convulsions, I would suggest that reli- 
 
2^ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 gious or political questions be forbidden to be introduced in the 
 Lodges, and delegates be persons who do not hold Government 
 appointments. To commence with, and to have a working head, 
 by mutual consent, some of us here will organize, as the officers 
 of the United States Lodge, and grant dispensations and charters 
 until a majority of the States send delegates, when we will hand 
 the work over to these delegates. I suggest, for the commence- 
 ment, that we have fourfdegrees, representing the four seasons. 
 Others can be added, as it is deemed necessary to add new inter- 
 est; then when we shall come together, interested in the work, 
 with the vast amount of talent that can thus be united, we shall 
 be able to get up some degrees that will surpass in magnificence 
 of language and tableaux, anything now in existence. 
 
 It is intended to have the Lodge-rooms elaborately decorated 
 with evergreens, etc. 
 
 As our wives and daughters are generally attractive features in 
 rural life, I have planned the work to have them active laborers 
 with us, in full communion, and propose to make a male and 
 female form for each degree. Among civilized people in tlio 
 country, this will make the meetings of the Lodges sociable re- 
 unions. 
 
 1 have avoided as much form as possible in the ceremonies, so 
 that members shall not tire of the work, as in the Masonic Order. 
 One or more can be initiated or passed at the same time. As 
 soon as Lodge work is over, open the doors and admit the public, 
 or have regular evenings for the public to be present, to listen to 
 lectures or discussions, and have these frequent— once a week, if 
 possible. 
 
 Let the Department of Agriculture send out the most capable 
 and talented men in the country, to lecture before the Loda:es 
 upon horticulture, etc., giving illustrated lectures. Let eacli 
 Lodge have a fair every Pall, and require every member to ex- 
 
Origin of the Order. 2£ 
 
 hibit at least one bushel of some kind of produce, this to be the 
 property of the Lodge, to be given to the poor under its charge. 
 
 While in Masonry there is much that is speculative, there will 
 be in this Order little else but operative features. It will not call 
 the members' minds from their work, but every tool they touch 
 upon the farm in their daily labors, will call up some good thing 
 they have learned in the Lodge. 
 
 I fear I shall tire you with so long a letter, but I feel interested 
 in the subject. I long to see the great army of producers in our 
 country, turn their eyes up from their work ; stir up those brains, 
 now mere machines ; get them in motion in the right direction ; 
 make them discard their old almanacs and signs of the moon ; 
 and just imagine what a volcanic eruption we can produce in this 
 age. Every thing is progressing. Why not the farmers 1 The 
 inventive genius of the country is continually at work improving 
 tools, and farmers remain passive. I was amused while traveling 
 among the planters in the Soutli, a year ago, to see their eyes 
 open when I told them of the machinery in use upon our Western 
 farms. 
 
 I cannot close without thanking you for your letter, at the 
 same time assure you that in this work we shall be endorsed by 
 Hon. John W. Stokes, Acting Commissioner of Agriculture, who 
 will do all in his power, compatible with his position, to en- 
 courage our work. , 
 
 As soon as I can complete my arrangements here, I hope to be 
 able to visit gentlemen in the Western States, who may feel an inter- 
 est in the work, and assist them in organizing Lodges. Do me the 
 favor to consult with some of your friends, and suggest an appro- 
 priate name for the Order. The principal officers in a Lodge 
 will be a Master, Overseer, Chaplain, Steward, Assistant Stew- 
 ard, Gate Keeper, Secretary and Treasurer. Ceres, Pomona 
 and Flora, will be represented in the different degrees by ladies, 
 in costume. 
 
26 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 You are at liberty to exhibit this to such persons as you desire 
 to interest in the work, although it has been hastily written as a 
 preface to further correspondence. As soon as Mr. Saunders re- 
 turns, we hope to be ready to commence the work here, and get 
 Lodge number one in working order. 
 
 Yours fraternally, 
 
 O. H. Kelley. 
 
 TVhile waiting the reply of Bartlett, I worked up 
 the Installation Ceremonies, and laid them aside for 
 future use. I lost no time, but kept reading and 
 studying to get proper lectures and charges for the 
 various officers in the degree work. 
 
 At the Post Office Department, Doctor Lowrio 
 interested himself materiallj-. In sketching regalia 
 and emblems, we had some little amusement; also 
 in suggesting names for the Order. 
 
 Doctor Trimble was at my room on the evening 
 
 of the 5tli of September, and we were talking over the 
 
 project of the Order. I wanted him to assist me in 
 
 composing some portion of the degree work, — some 
 
 of the charges, — but he advised me to avoid any 
 
 composition by clergymen, as they would sermonize 
 
 and be prosy. I then urged him to help me in 
 
 getting some appropriate songs. The next day I 
 
 received the following note: 
 
 Washington, D. C, September 6th, 1867. 
 Dear Kelley : 
 
 Get the Intelligencer of to-day (Friday), and read, cut out 
 
 and preserve, the poem on the last page, entitled the "Sword 
 
Origin of the Order. ^7 
 
 and the Plough." It seems to have been written expressly for 
 your Order. It is very exquisite. Please show it to Mr. 
 SUJkes ; he ought to see it bj' all means. 
 
 Youis truly, John Thimble, Jk. 
 
 The peculiar position in which the Doctor placed 
 himself, was that of a friendly counsellor, but deter- 
 mined not to be an officer. He said his aspirations 
 were simply to 1)C a "high private." He was satis- 
 fied I had got the organization of tiie farmers " on 
 the brain," and if we could get up anj'tliing that 
 tt'ould make them stick together, it would be a 
 grand move. But we had undertaken a great task. 
 Said he, frequently, " Gro ahead, and if you make it 
 a success, I will hold up both hands, and say, 
 ' didn't I tell you so?'" 
 
 On September 18th, we were jileased with the 
 following from Bartlett, wliich, with the answer, 
 will give some of our views at the time. Ireland, 
 Trimble, and myself, constituted the "we" that 
 
 day. 
 
 North Madison, Ohio, September \5th, 1867. 
 O. H. Kbllet, Esq.: 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 Yours of the 4th instant came duly to hand, and I 
 should have answered it sooner, but wished to consult with some 
 friends in relation to the proposed Order. All with whom I 
 have conversed about it, seemed to be highly pleased with the 
 idea, and are of the same opinion as myself : that you have 
 struck a plan which will, when fully inaugurated, be a truly 
 
28 Patrons of Htcsbandry. 
 
 splendid thing, and must very soon (if properly perfected in all 
 its details), become a tremendous power in the land. Allow me 
 to suggest, in perfecting the work, that much good may ulti- 
 mately result by making haste slowly. We wish to inaugurate 
 such an institution as will stand the test of age and experience, 
 and would like to see the work, in all its parts, so perfected, that 
 no subsequent alterations or amendments will be needed, eitlier 
 in the Ritual or Lectures. It appears to me the times demand 
 such an institution, and that by enlisting a few of the most 
 powerful minds in the work, its grandeur and importance, 
 together with the sublimity of the subject, would so inspire 
 them, that in future years we should only more and more admire 
 the beautiful structure, — the work of their minds. Let ns have 
 something as near perfect as may be ; the subject is certainly sus- 
 ceptible of being adorned with the choicest language. There- 
 fore, if not presuming too much, permit me to urge you not to 
 allow your anxiety to see the Order in operation, induce you to 
 pass lightly upon any part in the preparation. « » * 
 
 Would it not be better to drop the name "Lodges," and give 
 the organized bodies of the Order some name derived from, or 
 applied to, the cultivation of the soil? There exists in the minds 
 of some, a prejudice against anj'thing under the appellation of 
 Lodge. The form, the garden, or the vineyard, would be more 
 appropriate, and not likelj' to excite opposition, "Work in the 
 Vineyard," "Work in the Garden," instead of "Work in the 
 Lodge." How does it strike you? In regard to a name for the 
 Order, I would have it significant and suggestive of our calling. 
 Neither myself nor my friends have been able to satisfy our- 
 selves as yet. How would "Independent Farmers " do? 
 
 Tour idea of female membership is all right, and will give 
 general satisfaction. In regard to fees for membership, is one 
 dollar for each decree sufficient? It seems to me it is not 
 
rig-in of tlie Order. 2() 
 
 enough, unless large dues are exacted, and my experience is, if 
 large dues are assessed, it will be a source of dissatisfaction, and 
 ■will have a damaging effect. I really do not see how the matter 
 can be arranged, without incurring a debt vhich would be a 
 serious hindrance, and cripple the usefulness of the Institution. 
 Something might be realized, it is true, by Pairs and Lectures, 
 as well as fees and dues; but in this age "money makes the 
 mare go." In my view of the matter, this Order ought to be a 
 wealthy one, with money in the treasury, not only for the 
 assistance of distressed members, but also to loan to needy 
 brothers and sisters, under proper limitations. But leaving out 
 of sight the last, a large fund will be absolutely necessan,-. 
 Therefore, I would be in favor of a larger initiation fee than one 
 dollar for a degree. I would like to see, not only women 
 admitted to membership, but boys and girls as well, — boys at 
 fourteen to sixteen years of age, and girls of twelve to fourteen. 
 There is a time in the life of every farmer's boy when he 
 becomes disgusted with farm life. At or before that time I 
 would admit him in the Order (not to full and complete member- 
 ship), and try to educate him to a love of the occupation. 
 
 Very truly yours, A. Baktlett. 
 
 I answered as follows : 
 
 Washington, D. C. September 18<A, 18G7. 
 Dear Brother Bartlett : 
 
 Yours of the 15th received, and though late at night, I 
 will reply. I am highly encouraged that you are so well pleased 
 with the idea, and your views coincide with mine so closely, 
 that I shall insist on your lending a helping hand in the con- 
 struction of the work. 
 
 I will reply to your letter at length. Tlie first item is the 
 tremendous power such an organization -will possess. I agree 
 
JO The Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 with you, and have duly considered it. Presuming half the 
 agricultural population are firmly hound through this Order, 
 where will the political demagogues find supporters ? But we 
 must avoid politics and religion, else we shall strike breakers ; 
 yet we can exert a quiet influence. 
 
 You are right : the work, lectures, etc., must be perfect before 
 it is made public, and you must help perfect it. I spend all the 
 time I can, out of office hours, upon it, — but one needs to be in 
 the country to work upon such matter. A crowded city, amid 
 political excitements, is a hard place to collect brilliant ideas 
 upon agriculture. 
 
 As to the name "Lodges,'' it is conceded this is not appropriate, 
 and each of us has suggested names : "Fields," " Farms, "" Bee- 
 Hives," "Gai-dens," etc. You and your friends must consider 
 yourselves as much interested in the work as we are here. The 
 name of the Order is another very important matter, — I presume 
 fifty have been suggested. "Independent Order of Progressive 
 Farmers, " was one ; " Knights of the Plow ;" " Knights of the 
 Sickle ;'' "Knights of the Flail." These knights may come in 
 very appropriate in branches of the Order, or higher degrees, as 
 the Knights Templars in the Masonic. ' ' Independent Farmers ' ' 
 is a good name. Fees of membership need careful studying. 
 In Masonry, they are so high, many are kept out on that 
 account. "We want, in our Order, to have them fixed at such 
 figures as will not be an obstacle, yet be sufficient to carry out 
 the work. If put at a low figure, we should make up the 
 amount in the increase of members. If we have great numbers 
 and small fees, we get more ears and workers. We want to 
 bring in the whole farming community, — get the brains inside 
 the vineyard, then put ideas into the brains, — set them to 
 thinking, — let them feel that they are human beings, and the 
 strength of the nation, their labor honorable, and farming the 
 
Origin of the Order. ji 
 
 highest calling on earth. Your idea of assisting the needy 
 members, is good and worthy of consideration. Your last sug- 
 gestion is capital, and I join in it with all my heart ; that is, to 
 bring in the boys and girls, and as fast as they prove, by good 
 behavior and ability, that they are worthy of advancement, give 
 them a higher degree. It will stimulate them to be temperate, 
 studious, and good. It is a glorious idea ; they will feel they are 
 respected. 
 
 I hope to see everj'- Vineyard provided with a Library, and 
 from that tliey can have books to impregnate their minds with 
 sound sense. I will now give you my idea of the inside of a 
 Vineyard— [here follows several pages of outlines of the Ritual, 
 very much as it was tirsL introduced]. In what I have written 
 thus far, I have introduced the character of Bacchus, but to be 
 known outside as the Vine-dresser. The name of Bacchus may 
 be offensive to some ; at the same time we want to encourage the 
 growth of tlie grape. I do not favor bringing the temperance 
 question up, any more than politics or religion, in a universal 
 Order of this kind ; I have more faith in moral suasion and 
 example, than in prohibitory laws. We are now started in a 
 noble work, and we must write freely our ideas. I have blocked 
 out, in a rough manner, the outlines of the degrees. I enclose 
 you the third and fourth, which I wish you to perfect. Fix 
 them up to suit your views, and then we will compare notes. 
 For each degree, it is intended to have side degrees for the 
 ladies, to be conferred in open Vineyard, and they will be 
 present, of course, while the men receive theirs. In the harvest, 
 I design having a feast, to consist of a pic-nic at a side table, 
 presuming that many of the members in the country who might 
 come from a distance, would enjoy such refreshment on such an 
 occasion. 
 
 I am working on the first and second degrees ; also Lodge 
 
j2 The Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 work regulations, etc., of the Grand Vineyard, all of which will 
 be submitted to you in due time. I propose that clergymen be 
 admitted gratuitously, but oppose the admission of any present 
 member of Congress. Yours fraternally, O. H. K. 
 
 It must not be supposed the time of myself or 
 associates was given entirely to this work. It 
 was my work out of ofSec hours. It was my own 
 scheme, and I submitted to them my views and 
 asked their counsel, and my confidential compan- 
 ions were Ireland and Trimble. ^S.-^ mind was 
 made up to establish a new organization. I was 
 determined to get all the assistance possible from 
 any of those who were willing to contribute. On 
 the return of Saunders, the third week in Septem- 
 ber, he told us he had not much opportunity to 
 introduce the subject, as his trip had been with a 
 party of excursionists visiting vineyards, and wound 
 up at the meeting of the United States Pomological 
 Society in St. Louis, which adjourned the 13th of 
 September. But those to whom he mentioned the 
 subject, seemed to favor the idea of a secret society. 
 The result of his trip gave us Bartlett, Muir and 
 Moss, as correspondents. 
 
 September 29th, I received the following: 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., September 25M, 1867. 
 O. H. Kelley : 
 
 Sir: — In conversation with Mr. Wm. Saunders, of your city, 
 
 he referred to an organization of the tillers of the soil, for the 
 
WILLIAM MUlk. 
 
Origin of the Order. jj 
 
 purpose of diffusing knowledge and securing unity of action in 
 regard to subjects affecting their calling, and referred me to you 
 for information, as the time and place prevented him from com- 
 municating. Please, at 3'our convenience, give me' an outline of 
 your views and plan of operations, especially its relation to 
 politics, religion, temperance, and so forth. 
 
 Anything that can unite and harmonize the sons and daugh- 
 ters of the soil, I would hail with delight. 
 
 I am, sir, yours most truly, William Mum. 
 
 October 1st found me decidedly encouraged with 
 my prospects for an association. I gave Miss Hall 
 a very encouraging letter, and her reply urged me 
 to persevere. 
 
 It was evident that to give our Avork a start, 
 we needed to have an organization in "Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Correspondents would very soon be inquiring 
 if the Order was established, and it would give 
 us some prestige to be able to say "yes;" while 
 being a secret society, we could be excused for 
 keeping our numbers to ourselves. 
 
 But there were only four of us in the city, — 
 Ireland, Trimble, Saunders, and myself, — who had, 
 up to this time, been considered as among the 
 "elect." 
 
 I had mentioned the project to a number, — 
 among them J. R. Thompson, who, at ray sugges- 
 
j^ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 tion, was invited to join in with us for the pur- 
 pose of filling the offices. 
 
 Not having received a reply to my last com- 
 munication to Bartlett, I wrote him from Wash- 
 ington as follows: 
 
 October \Wi, 1867. 
 A. Bartlett, — My Dear Sir : 
 
 We are receiving most cheering encouragement from 
 various quarters, and hope to have the Ritual perfected so 
 as to commence active organization by the first of January. * 
 » * * * 
 
 The vocabulary being nearly exhausted, some of our mem- 
 bers have been seeking for a name bordering on the laugh- 
 able— "Rustics," "Mushrooms," and "Fungi," have been 
 suggested. We will unearth something yet. The name of 
 "Homesteads" for that of "Lodge," seems to me to be 
 appropriate. For instance, "Mossy Bank Homestead, No. 1." 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 On the 15th I received the following stimulating 
 letter from Bartlett. It had been considerably 
 delayed in transit : 
 
 North Madison, October 2d, 1867. 
 Dear Brother : 
 
 Yours of September 18th received. I find it diflacult to 
 collect my thoughts for such a work while laboring hard on the 
 farm every day, and should I fail to elicit brilliant ideas, you 
 must not feel disappointed. A name for the Order is essential, 
 before progressing far, for tho work should harmonize with it. 
 
Origin of the Order. jj 
 
 "Lords of the Soil," "Brethren of the Vine," "Temples of 
 Industry" and " Companion of Labor," Another, but rather 
 snobish, is "Yeoman of Columbia." With proper names for the 
 Order and its branches, I believe we can rear sucli a superstruc- 
 ture as will at once command the respect and admiration of the 
 world. The great majority of our countrymen are ruled by pecu- 
 niary considerations, although I would by no means make this 
 a prime incentive for a person to unite with such an Order, but 
 would rather so fashion the work and lectures as to lead the 
 minds of the members into a higher and nobler sphere. Still 
 taking society as we find it, I think we shall be compelled to so 
 frame our work as to increase the chances for pecuniary success. 
 This, however, I would have follow as a necessary corrollary of 
 the legitimate working of the Order, and not by the Order itself 
 becoming a commercial or monied institution. To secure the 
 attentioH and patronage of the masses, it must be made to appear 
 that one of the legitimate consequences of being a member of the 
 Order, will be to promote the pecuniary interests of those who 
 belong to it. Another feature is : The benefits to be derived — 
 moral, social, educational, as well as pecuniary — should be exclu- 
 sive. This, in fact, I conceive to be the object aimed at in mak- 
 ing it a secret Order ; and, in fact, with me this is the great thing 
 which induces me to engage in the work, and try by every means 
 to make it a complete success. I know not what means you aie 
 proposing, to secure that ends as you have not advised me. 
 
 The truth of it is, my brother, the more I look at this matter, 
 and view the position which an Order of this kind may hold, the 
 vast and almost incalculable power it can wield, the immense 
 benefits, not only to those belonging to the fraternity, but all the 
 nations may directly or indirectly receive, the more I feel my 
 unworthiness and unfitness to grapple with so mighty a subject. 
 Therefore let us proceed with all due caution. "With regard to 
 
j6 The Patrons of Hiisbandry. 
 
 the obligations and secresy, a part of our work should be the col- 
 lection of statistics, which, if judiciously managed, would be of 
 vital interest to (he members ; also facts relative to planting, cul- 
 tivating and harvesting, as well as marketing produce ; also in 
 regard to varieties of fruit, grain and seeds ; and these matters, if 
 properly managed, would comprise the pecuniary aspects where- 
 in those belonging to the Order would be benefited. 
 
 In regard to honorary membership, I think the less we have 
 the better. First, it is very natural with a person to hold in 
 light estimation that which comes gratuitous ; that which costs 
 dear is highly prized. Second, if one class of persons were 
 admitted free, another would claim the same privilege. If the 
 clergy, why not the editors? I have no objections to remitting 
 the dues of the Chaplains, provided they would attend the meet- 
 ings promptly. Women, I suppose, you intend to admit free, or 
 nominally so. I feel very keenly the necessity of maintaining the 
 most absolute secrecy in regard to what shall be the secret work 
 of the Order. In regard to singing and music, I think you are 
 right. Both words and music should be original, and of a lively 
 character. Quotations from the Bible can be used in different 
 parts of the work. Some of the finest passages are well adapted 
 to the life of the farmer. The ideas are beautiful. 
 
 I hardly see how all these matters can be fairly digested and 
 arranged, so as to begin work before next spring. It is a great 
 and important work, and one which needs to be well matured in 
 its most minute details. It would detract from the harmony and 
 beauty of the whole thing to initiate members without the entire 
 paraphernalia, and would cause the work to appear, instead of 
 grand and sublime, like a simple farce. 
 
 About fixing up the work of the third and fourth degrees, 
 v/hich you sent me, I feel that I am incompetent to do it, yet I 
 am willing to do all in my power to help perfect it. 
 
 Fraternally yours, A. Bartlett. 
 
Origin of ike Order. J7 
 
 In reply to my letter, Muir wrote as follows : 
 
 Fox Ckeek, Mo., Ociohcr '7th, 18G7. 
 O. H. Kellet : 
 
 Sir : — Yours of 28tli ult. came duly to liand. Thanks for 
 
 the article. Your views have long been identical with my own. 
 
 The outline you give of the Order is much to my mind. I shall 
 
 ■work willinglj', and have no doubt of its success. I can get it 
 
 Started in our State at once, with the most intelligent men and 
 
 women. To show that this idea of association is not strange to 
 
 me, I send a copy of the State Report for 18GG, containing 
 
 Address on Agricultural Education. The idea of training up 
 
 the boj's and girls I like. Your views of tlie ladies are good. 
 
 As to name, .nothing can be so beautiful, simple, expressive, or 
 
 appropriate, as "Sons of the Soil." In place of "Lodge," 
 
 have "Garden," "Grove," "Arbor," or simply "Homes." 
 
 " Garden " has much to recommend it — our first parents. Then 
 
 " Redemption in the Garden ;" again the favorite teaching spot 
 
 of eminent philosophers ; the quiet beauty, utility and domestic 
 
 enjoyment, and social unitjr of the garden. If there is anything 
 
 that will present hopeful signs for our country, it will be the 
 
 appreciation of home and its influences ; if there is any one 
 
 curse attending our social existence, it is the neglect of home in 
 
 its proper sense. If there is anything in which I can be useful, 
 
 name it : it will be most cheerfully done. 
 
 Yours truly, William Muib. 
 
 I confess I built large "air castles" on a founda- 
 tion of inspiration from sucli letters, much to the 
 amusement of Doctor Trimble, who ahvays took a 
 delight, and still does, in wrapping a wet blanket 
 about my most sanguine anticipations, but it does 
 
j8 The Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 not mar our friendship — rather strengthens it. 
 Ireland was my right>hand man, and as our work 
 began to assume a form approaching to comple- 
 tion, it was my earnest desire that he be the 
 National Master. He had done more work than 
 any other person. "With this in view, I. kept at 
 work, intending to be the Secretary, pretty well 
 satisfied I should earn the position. 
 
 Mr. Saunders was pressed for time in his office, 
 and was also desirous of obtaining the views of 
 some of the leading horticulturists in different parts 
 of the country, before he could take any decidedly 
 active part in the work, and with this view I 
 scratched off the following for a rough circular, 
 which was the first ever sent out. Of these I had 
 three hundred printed at Polkinhorn's, on Seventh 
 street, "Washington, November 1st: 
 
 "A number of gentlemen engaged in Agriculture 
 and its kindred branches in different States, are now 
 perfecting a Ritual for an Order, to be composed 
 wholly of persons, male and female, directly inter- 
 ested in Agricultural pursuits. 
 
 "The Order will secure to its members all the 
 advantages of Masonary, but while that is specula- 
 tive, this will be operative; its main object being 
 to encourage and advance education in all branches 
 of Agriculture. 
 
 "The Order will have its 'Lodges,' known as 
 
Origin of the Order. jp 
 
 'Temples of Industry,' or similar appellation. The 
 work in a 'Temple' will be divided into four 
 degrees. 
 
 " The ceremonies of passing from one degree to 
 the other are made pleasing and instructive. Every 
 tool used in Agriculture has its appropriate lecture, 
 the aim being to instruct practically and morally in 
 every possible way, and also add an interest to the 
 most noble of all occupations — ^the cultivation of 
 the soil. 
 
 It is believed that by admitting the young folks 
 of both sexes at fourteen or sixteen years of age, it 
 will have a tendency to instill in their minds a 
 fondness for rural life, and prevent in a great 
 measure so many of them flocking to the cities, 
 where all occupations are now crowded, and at the 
 same time depriving the country of that class of 
 young men so much needed there. 
 
 " The ceremonies in the degrees for the ladies are 
 slightly different but of the same nature, and 
 intended to lighten and render their, household 
 duties more pleasing. 
 
 " The whole, it is believed, will do much towards 
 elevating our occupation, as well as establishing a 
 unity of sentiment .among the farmers of the 
 country, and materially increase the circulation of 
 publications devoted to the interests of agriculture, 
 and consequent increase of knowledge. 
 
 "Politics and Religion are not subjects of discus- 
 sion. Private work of the Order will occupy one 
 evening each month. Public meetings for lectures 
 
^o The Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 and discussions are proposed to be held once a 
 week. 
 
 "Libraries and Museums (the latter to contain 
 among other things samples of each year's crop of 
 all cereal productions,) are considered necessary 
 appendages to each Temple. 
 
 " It is designed to have at least one Temple in 
 each county, with one delegate from each to the 
 State Temple : these will send one delegate each to 
 the National Temple, which is to be the head of the 
 Order. Persons holding office under Government 
 cannot be delegates to either the State or National 
 Temple. 
 
 " Should such an organization meet your approval, 
 and you see fit to offer any suggestions to enable 
 the originators to make further improvements, before 
 it is introduced to the public, the same will be most 
 cordially received and duly considered. 
 "Please address" 
 
 These I signed and sent out to any persons whose 
 Post-office address I received, and my memorandum 
 book shows twenty-eight ' from ilr. Saunders, — 
 thirty-nine from Ireland and others, and the bal- 
 ance to names I found otherwise. The slips were 
 printed on cheap paper, and in appearance did not 
 show any business character, but brought us some 
 very encouraging replies, and established a lively 
 correspondence with several persons, but at the 
 
Origin of the Order. 41 
 
 present writing few of them liold any prominent 
 position in tlie Order. 
 
 Washington, October 15t7i, 1807. 
 Brother Baiitlett : 
 
 Your letter, received this morning, has set us to thinking. 
 You liave given us new ideas, for which, many tlianlvs. At 
 every turn, the material not only increases, but improves in 
 quality. If we do not erect a beautiful structure, it will be our 
 own fault. It will never do to say we liave not the ability. We 
 have taken hold, and must go through with it. It is a noble 
 cause, hence let us feel sanguine of success. Your letter was read 
 to-day by a gentleman from New Jersey, ex -Governor Burr. lie 
 expressed himself highly pleased with your views, and also exam- 
 ined some other of our work ; he is a prominent Mason, and cor- 
 dially enters into our plans. 
 
 The name of the Order is yet a stumbling block. It will turn 
 up before long. Here we have thought advisable to adopt the 
 name of "Temples " for the halls, the grand head to be known as 
 the "National Temple." Now as to the sub-divisions in the 
 Temple, it is to be presumed the Order that builds Temples 
 must have lands (figuratively speaking). Within the wall that 
 surrounds our Temple we have a field, a vineyard, and a garden. 
 Suppose we say we have field, vineyard, garden, and temple — 
 four points made. These we otherwise designate as spring, 
 summer, autumn, and winter. Again they indicate childhood, 
 manhood, prime of life, and old age. Also preparation of the 
 ground, planting the seed and trees, care of the crop while grow- 
 ing, and lastly the harvest. Again, the bud, the blossom, the 
 fruit, and the fall of the leaf. The initiate is first a laborer in the 
 field ; second, advanced to more noble work in the vineyard — a 
 vine-dresser ; third, placed in the garden where the culture of 
 flowers adds refinement ; fourth, being duly qualified, is assigned 
 
^2 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 a seat at the intellectual feast in the Temple, and becomes a Hus- 
 bandman. 
 
 In the first degree he shall be taught certain lessons in which 
 he must be able to pass examination, before the second can be 
 conferred. He may be months in gaining a thorough knowledge 
 of the studies of that degree, embracing natural history. In the 
 second, a higher range of knowledge, something of chemistry. 
 These lectures or studies can be illustrated by charts. Tou see 
 the point : we want to give them correct knowledge, and valua- 
 ble. Thus, on the first night or day they enter, they get their 
 money's worth 
 
 Again, we want every member to take at least one newspaper. 
 These we can get at reduced rates. Reports of the crops and 
 prospectsof prices will be kept constantly known and imparted 
 to the members. As you say, it will be a power in the land, and 
 we can make it a powerful one. As to fees of membership, I 
 think myself that "dead ducks" are of little account generally. 
 If the Temple sees fit to confer the degrees upon a clergyman, let 
 them have the privilege of doing so. Each temple should have 
 certain rites reserved. As to the ladies — God bless them all the 
 time, — but I think they should pay the regular fee, though it 
 might be a specific one, or they be exempt from paying after 
 dues. If they receive benefits from the Order, we shall need 
 funds to pay for them. Their aid will be of great value, but they 
 will appreciate the value of membership more highly than the 
 males generally. I hope you will confer with some of your lady 
 friends upon the subject. Their degrees should be of a higher 
 order than for the males, and though separate ceremonies, yet we 
 will all be together. Have them designate the rank of titles. 
 For instance, in their first, as a companion to the laborers, term 
 them "Maids," and in the fourth degree, " Housewives." 
 I will enclose the first two degrees, as originally drawn up ; 
 
Origin of the Order. 4J 
 
 but they will ueed much alteration to meet our views now, and 
 as suggested in this letter. Regarding secrecy, I coincide witli 
 you. I hope we can inaugurate an Order that will elevate our 
 occupation as farmers, so that it will be a mark of credit, not only 
 to be a member of it, but also make it an honor to be a cultivator 
 of the soil. 
 
 In reviewing the enclosed forms of initiation, please make such 
 corrections and additions, on separate, -sheets, as you see fit. Cut 
 and slash freely ; it is as much yours as mine. I confess, when I 
 look upon the work, I see I have not the control of language 
 sufficiently sublime to express my ideas ; however, we will work 
 cheerfully together, and offer views freely. Your suggestions 
 prompt us to look to you with confidence. 
 
 I have drawn up a form of regular work. In it I have adopted 
 brevity, and also aim to have the ceremonies of initiation and 
 passing from one degree to the other, as brief as possible, so as to 
 allow more time for instruction and discussion at the meetings. 
 We can have such perfect regulations in each Temple to secure 
 reliable statements about crops, etc., that the Department of 
 Agriculture will find it advantageous to look to the Secretaries 
 for reliable reports for publication. 
 
 Regalia has been considered some. I have suggested that the 
 officers only have regalia, until the Temples are sufficiently pro- 
 vided with funds. A regalia might be adopted, but not make it 
 binding upon the Order to purchase ; get the substance first, 
 the extras afterwards. 
 
 The public meetings which I suggest, and to which the public 
 will be invited, will be a feature that will promote much good. 
 At these there can be lectures upon agricultural topics, with 
 occasionally one in favor of the Order. Give knowledge to tlie 
 people ; educate the masses. In the rural districts, let these 
 Temples prove an honor to the land. We shall see the time 
 
^ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 ■n-hen, through the power of this Order, Congress -n-ill appropri- 
 ate a inillion of dollars annually for the Department of Agricul- 
 ture ; then we can have the best talent in the country lecture to 
 the people in the Temples. The work is a labor of love to me. 
 I honestly believe it will prove of the greatest value to the farm- 
 ers, and consequently to the country. 
 
 Tours fraternally, O. H. Kellet. 
 
 On the 31st of October, Mr. Muir wrote from St. 
 Louis at some length. I quote as follows : 
 
 "I shall visit some of the neighboring counties next week, to 
 see those it is desirable to interest. I have written to several, 
 suggesting the need of such a thing, but will undertake a tour, 
 to get the views set forth more in detail. There is so much 
 danger from selfish, designing men (especially politicians), in 
 and near our large cities, that the utmost caution is required. 
 This has been, and is yet, the great curse of our State. On this 
 rock the Order will split, unless much prudence is used. With 
 caution, it will become a citadel of strength. So far, I see in it 
 a grand educational Institution — not a place of mere mysteries 
 and mummeries, — but of grand practical facts." 
 
 October 24th, Bartlett wrote me he was busy 
 
 digging potatoes, and I must be patient. I replied 
 
 as follows : 
 
 November \st, 1867. 
 Deab Bbother : 
 
 To facilitate correspondence with others whom we wish to 
 
 interest in our Order, we have had three hundred of the enclosed 
 
 slips printed, which can be put in lettera. Those enclosed, use 
 
 as you see fit. 
 
 The name of the " League of Husbandry " has been suggested 
 
Origijt of the Order. 4.5 
 
 as a name for the Order. It is submitted for your opinion. If 
 any original name in tlie place of "League" could be substi- 
 tuted, it would be better. "Husbandry" comprises the work 
 nicely, according to Webster. Within a week, we propose to 
 send out about two hundred of these printed slips to Agricultural 
 Editors and others, for their opinions of the work. 
 
 Yours truly, O. H. Kellkt. 
 
 November 4tli, in a short letter I wrote to Bart- 
 Ictt, I find the following: 
 
 "How would it do to call the 'Lodges' 'Granges?' For 
 instance, 'Blue Fly Grange of the League of Husbandry.' 
 Grange and Husbandry being used according to Webster's 
 Unabridged." 
 
 This word grange I took from the name of a 
 novel, advertised at that time. In his reply of 
 iN'ovember 6th, he writes: 
 
 "I have written the first degree work (except the lecture of 
 Bacchus), making such alterations as my fancy dictated. I shall 
 take hold of the third and fourth degree work now, but would 
 prefer to have second degree before doing much with them, so 
 they will not clash. I have received the printed slips, and will 
 try to make good use of them. How about the name ? How 
 would ' Patrons of Industry ' be? I almost fancy it to be good. 
 I believe it is original, at any rate. 
 
 Fraternally, Akson Bartlett. 
 
 That will settle the question as to where the 
 name originated, for, on the receipt, I substituted 
 the word "Husbandry." 
 
^6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 The montli of ISTovember found me entering upon 
 a new era in the work. Correspondence was en- 
 couraging. The first frosty reply we received was 
 the following, from Saco, Maine, ]!^ovember 5th : 
 
 "Yours of 2d at hand. Perhaps I am very stupid, but I do 
 not see advantages in prospect from an Order like the one pro- 
 posed in aid of agriculture, etc., beyond what may be effected 
 ■without it, nor commensurate with the expenses and flummery 
 ■which usually attach to such." 
 
 This furnished us considerable amusement. I 
 give it from the fact that it is the only one of the 
 kind I received during the first three years of our 
 existence. 
 
 I had the pleasure of next adding to my list of 
 correspondents, A. S. Moss, of Predonia, N'ew 
 York. I sent him a slip on the 22d of October, 
 to which he replied on the 7th of November. 
 From his letter I copy : 
 
 " I would make the fee of admission and for the degrees, large 
 enough to give permanency to the Order. I would not give 
 regular benefits, but aim to have funds in case of a needy 
 member in sickness or want. I think it a better way to get funds 
 from initiation and degrees than from large weekly or annual 
 dues. It often drives men from a Lodge to be asking for money. 
 If they have to pay pretty well to get In. they will prize it 
 higher. 
 
 "Lastly: do not be in too much haste to get the Order in 
 motion till it is well digested, for it is injurious to be making 
 changes too often. Respectfully yours, A. 8. Moss." 
 
■■{< r'~ 
 
 47 
 
 A. S. MOSS. 
 
Origin of the Order. ^7 
 
 On the lltla of ITovembor, I wrote to Bartlett as 
 
 follows: 
 
 "We shall hold a preliminary meeting here this week to frame 
 a Constitulion for the Order. I enclose a quantity of matter for 
 degree work. 
 
 "Permit me to suggest that you save every scrap of manu- 
 ! cript you may write. For should we build a magnificent Order, 
 you and I can be ready to write the history. The preparation 
 of the Ritual seems to be left to you and myself. Cowper's 
 poems will furnish some magnificent and appropriate language, 
 which may be incorporated. In the degrees, pile in the songs. 
 We want the attendants of Ceres, Flora and Pomona, to be 
 mostly females, and to constitute a glorious choir. The tableaux, 
 enlivened with songs, will be a feature, and make it interesting 
 to the ladies. O. 11. K." 
 
 All the meetings thus far held were decidedly 
 informal — not more than three of us together at 
 any one time, and then for not over a couple of 
 hours. What information I offered gave matter 
 for conversation, that generally ran into story tell- 
 ing, at which Bro. Saunders was seldom left in 
 the background. His genial good humor rarely 
 forsook him. 
 
 I handed Brother Thompson several letters to 
 examine, which he returned with a half sheet of 
 comments on one of Muir's, and closes as follows : 
 
 "His ideas are generally sound and sensible, but I have no 
 time for comment in detail. I will endeavor to see you soon. 
 In haste. 13, Midnight. J. R. T." 
 
^8 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 "We were now getting somewhat alive in the 
 matter. The first meeting at which we could con- 
 sider ourselves as talking business, was the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 "At a meeting, called by previous notice, held at 
 the office of Wm. Saunders, JSTovember 15th, 1867, 
 at 4 P. M., for the purpose of organizing an Order 
 of Agriculture in the United States, by unanimous 
 consent, AVm. M. Ireland was called to the Chair, 
 and 0. II. Eolley chosen Secretary. The object of 
 the meeting having been stated, the work that had 
 been done since August 6th was laid before the 
 mcetino-. 
 
 " On motion, the Chair appointed "Wm. Saunders 
 a committee to draw up a preamble, setting forth 
 the objects for which the Order is established. 
 
 "An interesting debate upon the working of the 
 Order ensued, which resulted in a determination 
 not to solicit favor from any one, but let the Order 
 stand on its ovt^n merits. 
 
 It was decided that the name of the Order be 
 "Patrons of Husbandry," and the branches of it 
 to be known as Granges, instead of Lodges. 
 
 >|i 3K ^ ^= * ^: :t: I}: 
 
 "The meeting adjourned to Monday evening 
 
 next, at Iloom,45, United States Ilotel." 
 
 That evening I wrote Brother Moss as follows : 
 
 ITotember X^th, 18G7. 
 A. S. Moss, — Mt Dear Sie : 
 
 At a meeting tliis evenmg, at Tvhicli we were at 
 
 work upon tlie Constitution of our Order, two important subjects 
 
Origin of the Order. ^n 
 
 were discussed : — first, the name of the Order. It is suggested 
 to name it, "The Patrons of Husbandry," and term tlio Lodges 
 "Granges." Second, the rates of admission to the Order, and 
 prices for each degree ; also, quarterly and annual dues. I read 
 your letter of the 7th, relative to finances : it is an important 
 subject, and your views at length are most earnestly solicited. 
 It is important to have the rates reasonable, and I suggested 
 that the ladies be admitted at half-price. Some considered it 
 essential. The young folks also have favor shown. Do us the 
 kindness to give us your views freely, and also consider the name. 
 We continue to receive most encouraging letters from the slips 
 sent out. Yours fraternally, O. H. Kelley. 
 
 The following letter from F. M. McDowell, com- 
 menced a correspondence of vital importance to the 
 Order, — a history in itself: 
 
 Wayne, Stetjben^ Co., N. T., 
 O. H. Kelley, Esq.,- November Ifiili, 1867. 
 
 Dear Sib : 
 
 Your favor of the second instant, with private 
 memorandum enclosed, was duly received. I have given the 
 subject-matter of your communication considerable thought, and 
 I have no hesitation in saying that it meets with my cordial 
 approval. The idea is certainly excellent, and if practically 
 carried out, cannot fail to awaken and perpetuate an interest in 
 agriculture and its pursuits, which will be felt the length and 
 breadth of our land. I shall bo pleased to hear from you as the 
 organization progresses, and remain 
 
 Very truly yours, F. M. McDowell. 
 
 Mr. Saunders had spoken so highly of McDowell, 
 that I made no delay in calling upon him with 
 4 
 
50 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 this letter. At that time, I had not received any com- 
 position from either Saunders or Thompson, to incor- 
 porate into the Eitual, biit the letters were serving as 
 a stimulant to vigorous minds. I was in the habit of 
 frequently calling at Saunders' office after dinner, 
 spending an hour with him, and occasionally walk- 
 ing several squares toward his home. On returning 
 to my room, about 5 o'clock, I usually met Ireland ; 
 and almost invariably, Trimble called at 6 and re- 
 mained until 7, when we would go to the Post-office 
 together for the evening mail. 
 
 Ireland and myself made a short search for a 
 motto for the Order, and after submitting several to 
 the others, decided on Esto Peepetua — let it be 
 perpetual — ^let it endure forever. 
 
 We made the following list — all equally appro- 
 priate in some respects : — We learn by teaching — 
 The love of country guides — Let there be light — 
 Under this standard thou shalt conquer — Mind 
 moves matter — The useful with the pleasant — 
 Strength united is stronger. 
 
 The following is ffbm J. R. Thompson, in regard 
 to Eitual : 
 
 8.10 o'clock, Saturday evening. 
 Friend Kelley : 
 
 Called, and sorry to find you out. I have a few hricka 
 
 prepared, which may work in somewhere. Will add to them 
 
Origin of the Order. 5/ 
 
 before I see you again. Am going out of town to-morrow, but 
 will try and see you a moment in the evening. 
 
 Yours, J. R. T. 
 
 It was a difficulty I labored under, that my asso- 
 ciates were not in raptures, like myself, over tlie 
 work. They were not boiling over at the prospects. 
 
 I wrote "Uncle Jake Zeigler," after an interview 
 with him in this city, — he being a great friend of 
 Ireland's. In reply, he wrote me : 
 
 Butler. Fa., Nommber 21at, 1867. 
 Dear Sir: — 
 
 Will write you in a few days in regard to the matter you 
 propose. * * * * * * * It is a mistake 
 to have Editors of Agricultural papers at the head of the Insti- 
 tution. The rivalry which will exist between tliem, and tlie 
 inevitable desire to make the Institution minister to selfish ends, 
 will ruin it. 
 
 Take men who have no other interests than purely the 
 advancement of agriculture, and intelligent, refined ladies, wlio 
 take an interest in gardens and flowers, — real and not pretended 
 Pomonas. If you take a Senator's wife because she is such, and 
 merely for the purpose of making the matter sound large, it will 
 be an empty show, because you may select a Ceres who does not 
 know a grain of corn from a millett seed. * * * * 
 Care must be taken in all these things. Respects to Ireland. 
 Yours truly, J. Zeigler. 
 
 I^ovember 20th, I replied to McDowell, and quote 
 as follows: 
 
 We sincerely hope you will permit us to enrol your name 
 among others who are encouraging the work. I enclose you a 
 
J2 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 copy of our Preamble and Constitution. Make such corrections 
 as you see fit. We need good counsellors, and hope you will be 
 pleased to take charge of the matter in your section of the State. 
 As soon as the Ritual is perfected, or rather ready for examina- 
 tion, I will furnish you a manuscript copy. 
 
 The Preamble enclosed is from the pen of Mr. Saunders, and 
 I think excellent. The work was commenced in June, and 
 with the exception of five persons, has its best friends in Ohio 
 and Missouri. Yours fraternally, O. H. Kellet. 
 
 These extracts are from a letter written by A. S. 
 
 Moss : 
 
 "Fkedonia, N. Y., Nommler %Ut, 18G7. 
 "* * * * * * * Much depends on the 
 name. The 'Order of Husbandry' I like very well. Tlie 
 'Order of Jacob' has some meaning. 'I. O. of H.,' with 
 ' Worthy Patron ' its presiding oflicer, will sound pretty well. 
 'Granges' seems harsh, but it may be just the name. How 
 would it sound to say, going to tlie ' Tent ' or ' Cabins ?' 
 
 "As to finances, I would require each novitiate to pay not less 
 than ten dollars ; but this should cover the whole expense for the 
 degrees. Some lodges might require a higher fee. Have the 
 dues one dollar per year, and payable as the different lodges may 
 require, annually or oftener. Women and minors for half price 
 of each of the above. No honorary members, unless a limit 
 is given to membership. Make equality as prominent as pos- 
 sible. If ten dollars is thought too lo-w, place it higher, but the 
 best way is, have funds. I would make the National dues as 
 low as possible. If you have regalia or badges, have them good. 
 
 " Fraternally yours, A. S. Moss." 
 
 On tlie 24tli of November, Bartlctt wrote, and 
 
Origin of tlic Order. jj 
 
 among other matters, suggested the use of tlie bell 
 for the Master to tap, instead of using a gavel. 
 That evening I wrote as follows : 
 
 November 2i(h, 1807. 
 Dear Bkothee Bartlett : 
 
 Yours of the 18th received. Accept my sincere tliaoks 
 for the great aid you are giving me in tliis worlj. By tlie quan- 
 tity I have already sent, you will see I am depending upon you 
 entirely in the degree work. 
 
 I am now copying the first degree for use. As soon as the 
 reports on the Constitution come in, wo shall organize the 
 National Grange, to enable us to appoint deputies ; organize a 
 Subordinate Grange here, and get the Order introduced as 
 speedily as possible. ******** 
 
 I doubt if any organization was ever before started, where all 
 parties were entire strangers, and so widely separated by dis- 
 tance, and yet so cordial and unanimous in their views, as our 
 correspondence proves. The feeling is, that we have "got a 
 big thing," and it will not do to seek favor of any one. It 
 being a secret organization, outsiders cannot know its strength. 
 ******* 
 
 Your design to use a bell instead of a mallet is new. A 
 facetious brother suggests that the Master blow a horn. He 
 says they are common on farms. Imagine the Worthy Master 
 blowing a fish horn, to call up to receive the Chaplain's bene- 
 diction. It would make Gabriel blush. 
 
 I have the work of installation of officers ready for your exam- 
 ination ; also dedication of halls and Granges. * * * 
 We are very anxious to get the other three degrees, leaving the 
 ladies until the last. As soon as the degrees and other work is 
 arranged, I propose to start for my home in Minnesota for a 
 
54- Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 short stop, and then make a tour of the Western States, and 
 organize the Order. «*»*« »** 
 In the place of Bacchus substitute Lecturer. Some may object 
 to the presence of the patron of wit and conviviality — by name, 
 at least. O. H. K. 
 
 On the 26th of November, Bartlett wrote, review- 
 ing the proposed Constitution. Relative to dues, 
 he advocated a reduction in rates, and said : 
 
 "Suppose the Order should number one million members 
 within one year from its organization, the ten cent arrange- 
 ment would give the National Grange quarterly $25,000." * * * 
 
 [I quote this to show we were figuring for a 
 tremendous membership, and in my first letter to 
 Bartlett, I was anticipating a large and rapid 
 growth. It was what I was workivg for. He 
 continues :] 
 
 " I assure you, this question of finance is the rock whereon we 
 shall be dashed in pieces, unless wisely arranged. — Article XV. 
 We are of the opinion that there should be provision for the col- 
 lection of reliable Statistics, and here is as good a place as any. 
 Make it imperative upon the members to report monthly, or 
 quarterly at least, the condition, prospects and probable quantity, 
 etc. , etc. 
 
 "In fact, this Order affords one of the most ample opportuni- 
 ties for collecting and diffusing trust-worthy statistics, and if it is 
 incorporated in the Constitution, there will then be no doubt 
 about it, and a large number will be induced to join for the bene- 
 fit such information will be to them. Engraft it in the fundamen- 
 tal law of the Order, and thereby make sure of it. 
 
 "I have the second degree finished, and will send it on as soon 
 as I can make a copy. A. Bartlett." 
 
Origin of the Order. ^£ 
 
 I replied as follows : 
 
 November ZWi, 1867. 
 Dear Brother : 
 
 Yours of 2Gth received, and contents will be referred to 
 
 our friends at the next meeting. I think your views correct, 
 
 both on the amount of dues and the necessity of inserting a clause 
 
 relative to statistics. 
 
 You know, final action upon questions of such vital importance 
 will not be taken without first consulting yourself and others who 
 have taken an interest in the work. ****** 
 
 As you progress in the work, it will be well to give a thought 
 to regalia. It should be uniform in design and color, though the 
 quality of material miglit be left to the opinion of each Grange. 
 My idea is a wide sash over the shoulder, and an apron with the 
 pocket. Material of fawn color. In the State Granges, trim- 
 mings of silver or white metal, and in the National (the Officers') 
 gold trimmings, and aprons of genuine Fawn-skin, with the hair 
 on. Yours, etc., O. H. K. 
 
 FromBartlett: 
 
 November ZStJi, 1867. 
 Dear Brother : 
 
 In my hurried note of 26th, there was one subject which 
 entirely escaped my mind. Article XII of Constitution provides 
 the minimum fee for membership shall be ten dollars ; and 
 Article XIII, that the minimum dues shall be twenty -five cents 
 per month from each member. This is all right in our estima- 
 tion, so far as male members are concerned ; but in regard to 
 the fees and dues of females, it would exclude a great majority 
 of them. 
 
 The income of nearly every laboring girl or woman in agri- 
 cultural pursuits, is not of a nature to allow her to pay such a 
 price for admission. * * * * * If the wages 
 
S6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 they received, were equal to tliat of males, it would be all riglit ; 
 but while men obtain from $1.50 to $2.50 p«r daij for common 
 farm labor, females get from |3.50 to $3.00 25cr week. 
 
 Ten dollars is low enough for the men. I think it should be 
 five dollars for the first degree, two for the second, three for the 
 third, and two for the fourth. For females, two for the first, 
 and one for each of the other three, — making in all twelve 
 dollars for males, and five for females. Then fix their dues in 
 proportion. «**•»***«* 
 Yours, A. Baktlett. 
 
 I replied : 
 
 "November SOiA. 
 
 " * * * * Eelative to the fee for females, I 
 am with you. The prices put in the Constitution were more to 
 get the views of difiercnt ones, than for any intention of con- 
 sidering them permanent. ******* 
 
 "I hope one good thing we can accomplish, will be to bring 
 the wages of females up to their proper scale. I have always 
 argued, that if a female does the same work as a man, she is 
 entitled to the same pay he receives. 
 
 "Your letter will be carefully read and considered at our 
 meeting to-night. * * * * * O. II. K. " 
 
 In the evening, wq met at my room at the hotel, 
 Ireland, Trimble, Saunders, Thompson and myself. 
 Thompson having an engagement, M'as -with, us but 
 an hour. That evening, the mail brought me a 
 letter from my niece, ]\Iiss Hall, to Avhom I had 
 sent a copy of our Constitution. "We had put the 
 price of membership at ten dollars for males, and 
 five dollars for females. She "\vrote me as follows: 
 
Origin of the Order. 57 
 
 "Do not got the price of membership too high. Remember 
 dollars are not over plenty among the farmers. Ten dollars are 
 not found on every bush. Five dollars is enough for men, and 
 I should say women for half of that. They cannot obtain but 
 half the wages men reeeive. It is a shame, but I hope this 
 Society will correct the wrong." 
 
 This suggestion, added to tlio views of Bartlett, 
 prompted me to advocate the reduced rate, and the 
 fees of membership established that night, have 
 since remained. 
 
 On motion of Thompson, it was agreed to adjourn 
 to December 4th, when wo would meet in Saunders' 
 office, to elect officers, and set the Organization in 
 motion. 
 
 On the morning of the 4th of December, I wrote 
 Bartlett as follows : 
 
 Deab BnoTHEK : 
 
 ***** Eeep copies of all you send, for 
 you and myself will be the only ones having them, and in fact 
 the only members of the National Grange who will be sufficiently 
 familiar with the work to organize Granges. I can send you the 
 signs and passwords soon, and then we can commence organizing. 
 
 Second degree just received from you. I shall not make any 
 further alterations in it, and if I do not, no one will. * * 
 
 Make the third degree somewhat longer. I agree with you 
 that we have lots of fun in that, including a pic-nic feast at the 
 
 close of it. * * * * 
 
 "Learn to toil, and gaily sing,— 
 All flesh is grass, and grass is King." 
 
 I will send dedication of Grange as soon as I can copy it. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
^8 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 In tlie afternoon we congregated. I had made 
 up our slate with Ireland and Trimble. In choice 
 of officers, it was decided to give working rank 
 according to the labor each had performed. This 
 placed Ireland in the Master's chair, and Bartlett as 
 Overseer; Thompson, as Lecturer; Muir, as Stew- 
 ard; Moss, Assistant Steward. The office of Treas- 
 urer was assigned to Saunders, for the reason that 
 "what becomes of the money?" would be the 
 leading question, and if we had him, as connected 
 with the Department of Agriculture, in that office, 
 it might give confidence. Ireland objected to the 
 position of Master, on the ground of his not being 
 a farmer, and proposed to change positions with 
 Saunders. The latter objected because he had no 
 time to attend to it. His official position in the 
 Department required his exclusive attention. But 
 we prevailed upon him to accept it, and left the 
 offices of Chaplain and Gate-Keeper vacant: while 
 I received that which I wished — the office of Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 This small organization gave us a nucleus, and 
 enabled us to talk of it as a reality. 
 
 Muir had published several articles in Colevian's 
 Mural World, much in favor of such an association, 
 and I was then in correspondence with him relative 
 to printing the EituaJ, as soon as it should be ready. 
 
59 
 
 REV. A. B. GROSH. 
 
Origin of the Order. jp 
 
 December 8th, 1867, 1 wrote him a lengthy letter, 
 find extract as follows therefrom: 
 
 "******* You will have to act 
 as Committee on Printing. We shall be guided bj your advice 
 iu that matter. * » * # j assure you we have 
 
 some wide-awake men getting interested in it. 
 
 "We held another meeting last Wednesday evening, and 
 elected Mr. Saunders as Master of the National Grange, and 
 yourself as Steward. Full account of proceedings will be sent 
 30U as soon as I get time to copy them. I am overrun with 
 letters — eighteen on my table to write now. I was elected 
 Secretary. Hope I will give satisfaction. O. H. K." 
 
 The work of copying the corrected degrees for 
 Bartlett and Muir, was quite a task, but having 
 undertaken the duty, I was determined to see it 
 through. 
 
 Early in December, Saunders told me to inter- 
 view Rev. A. D. Grosh, and secure him as a 
 member, as he had conversed with him, and was 
 inclined to join in with us. 
 
 On the 21st of December, 18G7, I received the 
 following from McDowell : 
 
 Wayne, N. Y., December IWi, 1807. 
 O. H. Kellet,— Dear SiK : 
 
 Your favor of November 20th, with enclosure, came duly 
 to hand, and would have received attention sooner, but for 
 absence. 
 
 I have to thank you for your kindness in sending me copy of 
 
6o Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 Preamble and Constitution. I have read it, but have not been 
 able to give it that careful attention ■which the importance of the 
 subject demands it should receive. 
 
 The Preamble, like everything else from the pen of Mr. Saun- 
 ders, is, as you say, excellent. You may, if you please, put me 
 down as one of your supporters in this work. 
 
 In regard to my taking charge of it in this section, I should 
 prefer to confer with yoxL before answering. It is my intention 
 to visit Washington about the middle of Januarj-, when I will 
 give myself the pleasure of calling upon 3'ou. 
 
 F. M. McDowell. 
 
 Among other letters received in reply to tlie cir- 
 culars, came this from A. Fail or, of Iowa: 
 
 Newton, Jasper Co., Iowa, Bee. 2iih, 1867. 
 O. H. Kelley, — Dear Sir : 
 
 Yours of the 13th is received, containing a slip on the sub- 
 ject of an organization amongst the agricultural classes. I have 
 for years advocated sometlnng of this kind. I have shown the 
 slip to a number of my friends, who express themselves in favor 
 of an organization of some kind. I think it should be as simple 
 as possible. 
 
 You propose, in the ceremonies, to refer to the tools used iu 
 agriculture. Why not also refer to the uses of our noble animals? 
 I think it could be done to advantage. 
 
 I am with you in this. Please keep me posted. If I can be of 
 service, I am yours to command. 
 
 Yours fraternally, A. Failor. 
 
 This correspondent proved of value, as a timely 
 friend. 
 
 The close of the year 1867 found mc as busv 
 
Origin of the Order. 6i 
 
 ■\vitli the work as I could desire. I had determined 
 to get up a Subordinate Grange, and drill in our 
 Iiitual, so as to perfect it. 
 
 With this in view, I made several copies for use 
 of the various officers. Ireland joined in tliis work 
 with much vim, and wc secured the aid of several 
 fellow-clerks in the Post-office Department. Among 
 them were J. Espy Douglass, "W. G. Perry, A. F. 
 Moulton, J. II. Cook, B. C. Major, and II. Ding- 
 man. These and their wives were to be admitted 
 gratuitously, for the service they would render. 
 
 January Ttli, 1868, we had a special meeting called 
 by the Master, Avho, with Ireland and mj-self, con- 
 stituted the '■'■body" present. "VVe instructed Bro. 
 Ireland to organize a Subordinate Grange, under 
 the supervision of ^ the ISTational, as a school of 
 instruction. 
 
 The folloAvmg was our "Dispensation" for the 
 purpose : 
 
 " The National Grange, Patrons of Husbandr}'-, hereby estab- 
 lishes a Subordinate Grange in Washington, D. C., as a scliool 
 of instruction. Tlie same ^vill be under the direct supervision of 
 the National Grange, receiving all emoluments, and defraying all 
 expenses. 
 
 "At any time, those who pass to the fourth degree, well versed 
 in the Ritual, desire to withdraw and organize one or more Sub- 
 ordinate Granges, the National will grant them Charters for the 
 same, free of expense. 
 
62 Patrons of Htisbandry. 
 
 "This Grange shall be known as Potomac Grange, No. 1. 
 
 "Its principal object is to instruct its members in the degree 
 work, by which they will be enabled to aid in organizing Granges 
 in other places. 
 
 "Every member is expected to make him or herself familiar 
 with the work in every part, so that when called upon he or she 
 can fill any position. 
 
 " The Grange will be opened each evening by an officer of the 
 National Grange, who will assign iwsitions for the evening, by 
 lot or otherwise." 
 
 We decided to meet in a room on Mntli Street, 
 on tlio evening of the eiglith o*^ January. That 
 afternoon McDowell arrived. In the evening, he at- 
 tended our first subordinate meeting. Bro. Ireland 
 presided as Master, and Grosh as Chaplain. The 
 room was so filled with ofiice furniture, we could 
 not drill to any advantage, and decided to have our 
 next meeting at Union League Hall. 
 
 The next day I introduced McDowell to Trimble 
 and Thompson, when the organization and Consti- 
 tution of the Order was taken into consideration. 
 We had a meeting that evening, and our Constitu- 
 tion then read as follows : 
 
 ARTICLE 2, Section 1.— The head of the Order shall consist 
 of three delegates from each State and Territory, and one from 
 the District of Columbia. 
 
 Sec. 3. The delegates shall be elected annually by ballot, by 
 the State and Territorial Granges, except in the District of Col- 
 
F. M. McDowell. 
 
Origin of the Order. 6j 
 
 umbia, whore the Subordinate Granges shall elect their delegates 
 by joint ballot. 
 
 Sec. 3. In States or Territories, where no State or Territorial 
 Grange exist, the National Grange may appoint delegates — resi- 
 dents — who shall be entitled to all the privileges of elected dele- 
 gates. 
 
 Sec. 4. Past Officers of the National Grange shall bo ex-officio 
 members of the National Grange, and past officers of a Slate 
 Grange shall be ex-officio members of a State Grange. 
 
 It was suggested by McDowell to change this 
 entirely, as once we were fairly started, those now 
 engaged in establishing the Order would, perhajjs, 
 be thrown overboard, and the whole aim of our 
 work changed. If the Order amounted to vrny- 
 thing in numbers, designing men would get control 
 of it under such a plan of organization. 
 
 Trimble was requested to offer a substitute, but 
 he declined on the ground that his duty was exclu- 
 sively to pick flaws. lie was known as the "wet 
 blanket" of the Institution, and as such, believed 
 he could do more good than in any other way. He 
 told us to go ahead with our plans, and when he 
 could not see a chance to find fault, we might con- 
 sider ourselves pretty good workmen. 
 
 During the following week we had frequent 
 meetings, which resulted in a new plan and organi- 
 zation, consisting of seven degrees. 
 
64 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 The Seventh (Demeter) embraced features entirely 
 new to us; being, in fact, a continuation of an 
 ancient Association once so flourishing in the East 
 It gave us all the antiquity we could ask for, and 
 was received from McDowell and his associates, as 
 the controlling degree of the Order, all others being 
 subordinate. He was accepted as the supreme 
 head, with the title of High Priest. 
 
 This was submitted to Dr. Trimble, and pro- 
 nounced by him "well done," and read as follows: 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 SUBORDINATE GRANGES. 
 
 1st Degree: Laborer, (male.) Maid, (female.) 
 2d Degree: Cultivator, (male.) Shepherdess, (female.) 
 3d Degree : Harvester, (male.) Gleaner, (female.) 
 4th Degree: Husbandman, (male.) Matron, (female.) 
 
 STATE GRANGE. 
 
 5th Degree, Pomona, (Hope.) 
 
 Composed of Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges, 
 who are entitled, ex-offioio, to the Fifth Degree. 
 
 national GRANGE — (COUNCIL.) 
 
 6th Degree : Flora, (Charity.) 
 
 Composed of Masters and Past Masters of State Granges, who 
 are entitled, ex-officio, to the Sixth Degree, and meet annually. 
 They constitute the National Council. 
 senate. 
 7th Degree : Ceres, (Faith. ) 
 
 Composed of members of the Council who have served one 
 
Origin of the Oj'der. 6j 
 
 year therein, wlio, after the expiration of their first }'ear's service 
 in the Council, are entitled, ex-officio, to the Seventh Desrcc, to 
 be conferred at the next or any subsequent session of the Kalional 
 Grange. All who have thus attained to this degree are thereafter 
 members of the Senate, and entitled to seats and votes therein. 
 
 All acts and resolutions originate in the Council, (Sixth Degree, ) 
 subject to the approval or rejection of the Senate, (Seventh 
 Degree.) 
 
 The Subordinate Granges in the District of Columbia, elect on 
 joint ballot, once in two years, a Delegate to represent said 
 Granges in the National Grange. He must be either a Master or 
 Past Master, and on receiving the degrees, ranks the same as a 
 Representative of a State Grange. 
 
 The Senate of the National Grange having the power, may 
 confer Degrees of the Order which they have received, upon 
 such persons as they may deem worthy ; and may delegate that 
 power, except as to the Seventh and last Degree, to one of their 
 number, to be used for the purpose of establishing the Order in 
 such parts of the United States where it docs not now exist ; but 
 tlie Degree of Ceres or Demeteu shall not bo conferred, unless 
 in open Senate, at an Annual Meeting. 
 
 It will be observed that while we thus entirely 
 changed our form of organization wc did not hold 
 another election, as the Seventh Degree accepted 
 the officers elected under the old Association, and 
 we then felt encouraged to push our work with 
 more earnestness. 
 
 On the 14th, being desirous of counting Doctor 
 Trimble as one of our officers, I wrote him, urghig 
 5 
 
66 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 that ho take the position of Chaplain, but he replied 
 
 as follows : 
 
 January Viih, 1807. 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 Your kind letter is received. I appreciate higlily your 
 kind intentions in ofTering me the Chaplaincy in your Order — an 
 Order of which I have not the shadow of doubt as to its great 
 success. But without seeming (for I am not) obstinate in the 
 premises, permit me to kindly decline the honor. 
 
 My fixed resolve, (some time ago taken) is not to connect my- 
 self with any Order in an official character. 
 
 Faithfully yours, John Trimble, Jr. 
 
 By mutual consent, we put Brother Grosh down 
 as Chaplain. 
 
 On the 15th of January, I wrote Bartlett relative 
 to our union with McDowell. 
 
 McDowell and Saunders left that day to attend 
 the meeting of the Pennsylvania Horticultural So- 
 ciety at Hariisburg. 
 
 On the 2d of February, I received the following 
 
 letter from McDowell : 
 
 Watne, N. Y., January BOili, 1868. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 Yours of Friday is at hand. All right. Send the circu- 
 lars when you get them. I trust you will receive the appoint- 
 ment we spoke of long before the first of March, and that by tliat 
 time everything will be perfect, so that you can set the ball in 
 motion at once. When it is in motion, all opponents will need 
 to stand from under. I cannot quite make up my mind to endorse 
 the idea of soliciting donations, still, if our Worthy Master and 
 
Origin of the Order. 6y 
 
 brothers think it best, I will cliecrfully consent and aid. I am but 
 just home, and very busy. Hope to hear from you oaen, and 
 will write you more at length after a few days. 
 
 F. M. McDowell. 
 
 It was now determined to issue a new circular, 
 giving a review of our aims and objects. After 
 several attempts, both by Saunders and mj-self, he 
 furnished the copy of our second circular, which 
 Ireland sent to Philadelphia and had printed. Of 
 this edition, we had one thousand, for which Ireland 
 paid $15.00, which amount, and several other dona- 
 tions similar, yet stand to his credit unpaid. 
 
 This lot of circulars was received February 3d, 
 1868, and answered the purpose of letter sheets 
 as well. It contained no new ideas; nothing more 
 than a review of suggestions found in the preceding 
 pages, and reads as follows: 
 
 " Sir : — We beg to solicit your attention to an organization 
 now being established for the purpose of increasing the general 
 happiness, wealth, and prosperity of the country. It is based 
 upon the axioms that the products of the soil comprise the basis 
 of all wealth ; that individual happiness depends, in a great de- 
 gree, upon general prosperity, and that the wealth of the coun- 
 try will depend altogether upon the general intelligenoe and 
 mental culture of the producing classes. The best mode of se- 
 curing a diffusion of knowledge, with a view to its application to 
 the increase of the products of the soil, is therefore one of the 
 most important questions that can be propounded, and we hope 
 greatly to facilitate its solution by the results that will follow the 
 
68 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 work of the organization to "wliicli we allude, and concerning 
 which we take the liberty of asking you to faTor us with your 
 considerate opinion, suggestions, and advice. 
 
 "Afl existing popular modes of creating an interest in agri- 
 culture and kindred pursuits have been carefully scanned and 
 studied. Agricultural fairs enlist attention, and, to a certain ex- 
 tent, excite competition ; but it is becoming a matter of liistory 
 that these associations are gradually losing tlieir influence, — the 
 novelty and excitement of horse-racing, and other scenes still less 
 commendable, are looked upon as essential to tlieir success, if not 
 to their very existence. Clubs for mutual instruction and friend- 
 ly interchange of ideas, seem to lose their interest as soon as the 
 first excitement of organization is passed. Even fruit-growers' 
 societies, with all their attractions, only enlist a few enthusiasts, 
 whose efforts are scarcely felt by the great producing masses of 
 the country. Tlie incentive to the formation of these societies 
 results from a recognition of the well known principle that unity 
 of action, is necessary to secure success, but to encourage and 
 maintain progressive success, this unity must be made solid and 
 permanent, not trivial and spasmodic, and from a preponderance of 
 the latter we may trace the main cause of failures in these organi- 
 zations. 
 
 "On the other hand, we may reflect upon the fact that certain 
 associations have stood the test of ages and even centuries, as for 
 example, the Masonic Order, and their interest,and the objects of 
 their nurture constantly increasing, instead of diminishing, we may 
 well pause and ask: 'In what does their permanency consist ?' 
 We can only find one satisfactory answer to this question, and 
 that is their secrecy. If then, this is the great element of emi- 
 nent success, why not embrace it in associations for the spread 
 and increase of knowledge, and for the noble purpose of adding 
 to national wealth and power? If this simple principle is the 
 
Origin of the Order. 6g 
 
 keystone of a permanent foundation, why not secure it? If such 
 a slender thread as a secret or exclusive ceremony of initiation 
 before membership can be secured will bind a society, then let us 
 adopt that mode of forming a farming community into bodies 
 where they will have a tangible existence, where unity of action 
 can be enforced by discipline, and where discipline can be secured 
 by significant organization. 
 
 " Reflections similar to the above have resulted in the forma- 
 tion of an Order, known as the 'Patrons op Husbandry.' A 
 constitution for the guidance of the Order has been prepared ; 
 four initiatory degrees, representing the four seasons, have also 
 been completed, and they contain tlie novel beauty and secrecy 
 that will make the society ' ever budding, ever new.' 
 
 " Women are admitted, as well as young persons of both sexes 
 over the age of sixteen and eighteen respectively. It is hoped by 
 this means a love for rural life will be encouraged ; the desire for 
 excitement and amusement, so prevalent in youth, will be grati- 
 fied, instead of being repressed ; not, however, in frivolities as 
 useless for the future as they are for the present, but by directing 
 attention to the wonder-workings of nature, and leading the mind 
 to enjoy and appreciate that never-ending delight which follows 
 these studies, whether purstied in the animal, vegetable, or mine- 
 ral kingdoms. 
 
 ''Toungmen are constantly being attracted to the cities from 
 the country, leaving behind them one of the most certain sources 
 of comfortable competence, for that of precarious competition in 
 channels already overflowing. There are undoubtedly good and 
 sufficient reasons for this migratory tendency, and a want of 
 attractions for the mind — something beyond the exercise result- 
 ing from mere mechanical employment, is one of the chief. 
 
 "We solicit the co-operation of woman, because of a convic- 
 tion that, without her aid, success will be less certain and decided. 
 
yo Patrons of Hiisbaytdiy. 
 
 Much misht be said in this connection, but every husband and 
 brother knows that where he can be accompanied by his wife or 
 sister, no lessons will be learned but those of purity and truth. 
 
 "With regard to the modes of education, mention may be 
 made of mutual instruction through the reading of essays and 
 discussions, lectures, formation of select libraries, circulation of 
 magazines and other publications treating directly upon the main 
 subject desired, namely, those inculcating the principles govern- 
 ing our operation in the field, orchard and garden. It may be 
 remarked, that all of these measures are now in existence, so that 
 their introduction is neither new nor novel. To this we answer 
 that their indirect application under a comprehensive and con- 
 trolling principle is both new and novel, and one that has not 
 been employed previously for the same objects. 
 
 "It is gratifying to know that the agricultural and horticultu- 
 ral press has never faltered, and if success had been at all com- 
 mensurate with the zeal and ability displayed in its management, 
 the country would, at this hour, be wealthier and happier. It is 
 not one of the least of our hopes to be able to extend their influ- 
 ence and open up a wider field for their usefulness. 
 
 "The novelty of this organization, and the manner it proposes 
 of introducing a system of special education, has liitherto pre- 
 vented the originators from publicly calling attention to the work; 
 they have, so far, only asked the advice of personal friends, but 
 the great favor with which it has been received prompts to a 
 bolder action, satisfied that the noble purposes to which the 
 Order is dedicated will command the serious attention of all. 
 
 " We ignore all political or religious discussions in the Order ; 
 we do not solicit the patronage of any sect, association or indi- 
 vidual upon any grounds whatever, except upon the intrinsic 
 merits of the Order. It needs no such patronage, and would not 
 be what it is if it did. 
 
Origin of iJic Order. Ji 
 
 "Any suggestions that you may make in order to assist in tlie 
 completion of the objects in view may be addressed to the under- 
 signed." 
 
 I resigned my position in tlie Post Office Depart- 
 
 me'it in February, and gave my entire time to com- 
 
 liloting the \vork. I was getting anxious to start 
 
 out to establish the Order. It was very evident, 
 
 what we had done would need some pruning, and 
 
 experience with it would be of great value. I 
 
 suggested that we have but one ceremony for the 
 
 ladies, until I could secure other aid to perfect 
 
 them. I so wrote Eartlett, to which ho replied as 
 
 follows : 
 
 NoETU Madisox, Fchruary Wi, 18C8. 
 Dear Bkother : 
 
 Yours of tlie 4th instant came to hand last evening — (the 
 new circular, the evening before). 
 
 I am neither frightened nor discouraged, but have been labor- 
 ing under difficulties, and have accomplished nothing of import- 
 ance. Your last has, however, given me doubts of the ultimate 
 and complete success, for which I had hoped and labored, for 
 our Order. 
 
 Already I discover that your movement to have but one 
 degree for the ladies, will, among our population, be received 
 unfavorably, and I fear that right there is a rock in our path 
 which, unless we use our utmost caution, will wreck our hopes. 
 
 The case is just here :— Wo ask the co-operation of woman, 
 and advance the idea that she is to bo held and considered the 
 equal of man in all respects. This is right. It is just. But 
 here comes a proposition to engraft in the Kitual, that which, at 
 
"J 2 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 a glance, declares that we do not regard her as equal ; that she 
 is, to some extent, a child to be appeased by a bauble ; and, 
 depend upon it, earnest, active, energetic women, who are just 
 tliat class of females which we want, if we have any, will 
 look upon this as a sort of wheedling attempt to secure tlieir 
 patronage and propitiate their favor, without giving them the 
 reality, without placing them in a position where they can 
 wield such an influence as they otherwise might. 
 
 Again, you are well enough acquainted with human nature, 
 to know that although you may concede all that may be essen- 
 tial, that in fact by making woman a full member by one initia- 
 tion, she really possesses an advantage over the other sex ; still, 
 she will look with suspicion on the movement, and will demand 
 the reason for this distinction, even although there may be no 
 real diflerence. 
 
 This matter of introducing females into secret societies, is no 
 new thing, but as you are well aware, it is by just some such 
 sort of side degree, and I do not know of a woman who has 
 taken one or more of these degrees, who considers them of any 
 practical value, and numbers of the daughters and wives of 
 Masons, who will not even listen to any communication of these 
 degrees, "for," they saj^, "unless we can have the whole, and 
 become full members, we care nothing for these." Again, in 
 Odd Fellowship, the degree of Ecbekah, instead of being an 
 element of strength, is a source of weakness and dissention to 
 the Order. 
 
 Tlie doctrine of the Beelaration of Independence, "that all 
 mankind are created free and equal, and possessing the inalien- 
 able right to the pursuit of happiness," has all along been the 
 guiding star for me in all that I have said, done or written, to 
 promote the establishment of this new Order, and the fact that 
 it was proposed in the outset to make it common to both sexes, 
 
Origin of the Order. "jj 
 
 was to me one of its best features and strongest recommencla- 
 tious. 
 
 The world is moving ; the inception and organization of this 
 Order, is one evidence of that fact. Let us then throw our- 
 selves in this worlv, with the consciousness that we arc taking 
 an advance step. Let us try to recognize the fact that unless we 
 kec-p in advance, we are in danger of being run over and buried 
 out of sight by the advancing tide of progress ; that instead of 
 being regarded as active workers in the Reformation of the 
 world, we shall be pointed at as having stood in the way of 
 advancing ideas. 
 
 lam not what is popularly known as a " Woman's Right's 
 man;" still, I regard it as merely a question of time, that our 
 statute books and constitutions will eventually recognize woman 
 as the equal of man, just as surely as the tiller of the soil will 
 be recognized as the peer of any in the land. 
 
 The march of civilization and republican ideas point just as 
 surely to the consummation of these ideas, as the tramp of coming 
 time, and nothing but our liberty and the extinction of republican 
 government can possibly prevent it. 
 
 In fact, I believe the preservation of democratic institutions 
 depends upon the education, elevation, and advancement of the 
 laboring classes ; that unless the idea can be successfully combat- 
 ted, that labor is degrading, we shall be in danger of losing our 
 free government ; but that if the idea can be established that 
 labor is noble, and that the tiller of the soil is nature's true noble- 
 man, and the jjeer of anything human, the permanency of free 
 institutions is a fixed fact. But in order to accomplish this result, 
 the willing, active co-operation of women is indispensable. It is 
 to woman as a mother, that the entire infantile mind of the nation 
 is entrusted, and ninety-nine cases out of every one hundred, the 
 principles Implanted in the infantile mind through the instru- 
 
7^ Patrons of Hiisbandiy. 
 
 mentality of the mother's teachings, govern and control the whole 
 subsequent life of the individual, for there never was a more true 
 saying than 
 
 " 'Tis education forms the human mind, 
 Just as the twig is bent the tree 's inclined." 
 
 The interests, the destiny, and the social relations of man and 
 woman are identical. She was intended by her Creator to be 
 neither the slave, the tyrant, nor the plaything of man, but to be 
 his helpmeet, his companion, and his equal ; and in the words of 
 J. E. Lowell— 
 
 " Laboring man and laboring woman. 
 Have one glory and one shame, 
 Ev'rything that's done inhuman. 
 Injures all of them the same." 
 
 You do not give any of the reasons which may have determined 
 you to this one degree idea for the women, which I regret, as I 
 might better be enabled to judge of its correctness, or of combat- 
 ting the proposition if in possession of your reasons. But in my 
 opinion this is the most serious mistake you have yet made, and 
 I cannot but think, when you have carefully reconsidered the 
 matter, you will abandon this idea, and adhere to the original 
 plan. 
 
 My motion is just this : that unless we carefully read the sisns 
 of times, and plant ourselves, in fact, on advance ground, we will 
 soon be left behind in the race of life. That here in the organi- 
 zation of this Order is the opportunity to initiate mighty reforms ; 
 that it will be expected of us to do so, and the world will be dis- 
 appointed if we do not. And here may be inaugurated the idea 
 of equality between the sexes without doing violence to anj' 
 person's feelings or prejudices. Understand that I do not advo- 
 cate any utopican idea of "Woman's Rights," but simply that 
 
Origin of the Order. 75 
 
 the disabilities be removed. Let us then, b}- all means, so frame 
 the work of this Order that there sliall be at least the appearance 
 of equality ; varied, of course, to suit the conditions of the sexes, 
 and I firmly believe that we shall never regret that we did so. 
 
 The preparation of the ladies' degrees I regard as a more 
 difficult work than those for the men. It is entering a new and 
 untried field, and the whole field of human nature must bo 
 studied and scanned before making a determination. Something 
 more is needed than merely to excite the vanity and tickle the 
 fancy. Fraternally yours, A. Bartlbtt. 
 
 I replied as follows: 
 
 February 12th, 18C8. 
 My Dear Brother : 
 
 Among my letters to-night I was made happy by one from 
 
 you. First of all, about the ladies' degree ; it is thus. When we 
 
 get men and women of talent connected with our Order, there 
 
 will be some, no doubt, who can get up degrees of magnificent 
 
 character. Now I am opposed to all side degrees. I want all to 
 
 be on the main track, hence I favored leaving tlie space open for 
 
 three new degrees or ceremonies for the ladies and let them come 
 
 in to fill these spaces. 
 
 The ladies are not slighted in the least. "We confer their cere- 
 mony when they enter the Order ; it is in open grange ; they 
 take part ; are present in all the men's ceremonies, and know 
 everything about the order. It was also thought to take too 
 much time if we had separate ceremonies for them in each 
 degree, but your letter will set all to rights. I agree with you in 
 every particular about the ladies. If they will be patient, we 
 will have four ceremonies for them that will eclipse all the rest. 
 
 I am drilling some fifteen gents in the degree work here. 
 Meeting two evenings in the week, and hope by a week hence 
 to iatroduce as many ladies, and then commence in good earnest. 
 
y6 Patrom of Husbandry. 
 
 Go ahead in letters to the difTerent papers. Have the "Patrons" 
 known everyiohere by name. I will follow along and help organize. 
 ****** We have a glorious work 
 before us and must be active. 
 
 Letters are continually coming in, asking " what pecuniary 
 benefits are members to receive? If farmers see they can get 
 good interest on their money that is paid for membership they 
 will join in a body." Here is one that has been proposed. 
 ***** You can perhaps suggest other 
 plans whereby we can, by mutual co-operation, benefit our 
 members. 0. H. K. 
 
 My time during FelDruary and March was devoted 
 to perfecting our Ritual, by working up a Subordi- 
 nate Grange. We did considerable pruning in 
 abbreviating sentences and correcting grammar. 
 J. K. Thompson rendered some good service in the 
 way of suggestions. 
 
 I had considerable anxiety at the delays I en- 
 countered. There were some lectures wanted for 
 different officers. Those for the ladies were lacking 
 as late as February 9tli, Avhen I received from 
 Saunders the Address of Ceres on presenting can- 
 didate with an ear of corn, or other grain. 
 
 On the back of this, I find a memorandum, "This 
 comes at the eleventh hour. We have had three 
 meetings of the School: now rehearsing the First 
 and Second Degrees." 
 
 The following was for Flora in the First Degree, 
 
Origin of the Order. 77 
 
 furnished by Rev. Mr. Grosh. Those familiar with 
 the present lecture, will see an example of the 
 pruning done. Flora in this First Degree was to 
 represent Feronia : 
 
 "Anciently, I welcomed the manumitted slave to 
 freedom. To me he sacrificed his flowing locks, 
 and I crowned him with the liberty cap. So, freeil 
 from the ignorance and selfishness of the outer 
 world, I now welcome you to the liberty of our 
 Grange, and the free-will labors of our accepted 
 Husbandry. In return, I ask you to remember, 
 that to me belongs the fruits of the forest, and its 
 garlands of greenery and wild wood flowers. In 
 your pioneer labors, freely cut away the tangled 
 poison vine and cumbering bramble; freely appro- 
 priate the sturdy tree for building, or for imjile- 
 ments and fuel; freely clear the ground needed for 
 fruitful field and grassy lawn or meadow: but 
 remember that belts, and groves, and isolated trees, 
 are needed for shelter, shade, and ornament. There- 
 fore, restrain the leveling axe when its sufiicient 
 work is done. Spare the flowering trees and shrubs 
 that are needed to lend fragrance to the breeze, and 
 beauty to the landscape, while they interfere not 
 Avith man's wants and pleasures; spare those trees 
 and shrubs whose buds and leaves are needed as 
 medicine, and whose nuts add zest to the enjoy- 
 ments of the winter evenings and fireside; save 
 enough of these in all their beauty and their pride, 
 to ornament the landscape — to shelter house, orchard 
 
jS Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 and field, from blasting winds — to give restoratives 
 to the sick, and rcfresliing sliade to the over-heated 
 and Aveary. So shall the artist who copies nature, 
 and the languishing who need their ministrations — 
 tlie country maiden, garlanded with wreaths and wild- 
 Avood flowers — the nutters and berriers, with bursting 
 bags and mantling baskets — the laborer's family at 
 their fruit and nut-crowned feast, — and the city den- 
 izen at the purchased country luxuries, praise your 
 kindly mercy and discriminating foresight, as the 
 farmer will your benevolently destroying zeal. 
 Tea, even the quadrupeds who aid and the feath- 
 ered tiibes who cheer your labors, will call for 
 blessings on the head of him who so judiciously 
 wielded the axe." 
 
 February Utii, 18G8. 
 Crotheu McDowell . 
 
 Yours of lOtli received. I think we shall next Wednesday 
 
 have the ladies present to receive the First Degree ; also among 
 
 our number a splendid quartette club,* which has practiced 
 
 several pieces, to come in with the degree work. We have 
 
 secured a nice hall, well furnished, — piano, etc. 
 
 I am pushing it ahead as fast as possible. Brothers Saunders, 
 Thompson, and Doctor Trimble are animated. 
 
 To-night Ireland says to me : "Supposing it should all fizzle 
 out within a year?" I don't like to have any one feeling an 
 interest, say so, but it only makes me more resolute. In such a 
 grand work, there must be "no such word as fail. ' ' 
 
 ♦Quartette clubs are not reliable for music. The one referred to 
 did wonders the first night, but tiiey never got four together after- 
 wards. One usually h.as a cold, or is out of humor. 
 
Origin of the Order. 7p 
 
 I send a Philadelphia paper to-day, in which 3'ou ■vvill see a 
 letter bj' Doctor Trimljlc. Have a portion of it published in one 
 of your papers. Interest an editor in the Grange that is to be 
 established in your neighborhood, so as to have his aid. Take 
 editors in "dead head," and lets sec if it will fail ! Let us get 
 an editor in every Grange. ****** 
 
 We have got to study up some pecuniary advantages to be 
 gained by members of the Order. Set your wits at work. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 I had advocated the insertion of a few words in 
 our new circular, relative to co-operation in pro- 
 tecting the members at large from imposition and 
 frauds, but Bro. Saunders would not fa^•or it. I was 
 satisfied we had got to have such a feature to make 
 it popular. 
 
 Our cxjjerience with our school of instruction 
 induced us to add to the interest of the work, by 
 establishing a regular Subordinate Grange, to which 
 we gave the name of Harvest Grange, and styling 
 the school as Potomac Grange. 
 
 Wednesday evening, February 19th, 18G8, we 
 had an exceedingly interesting meeting of Potomac 
 Grange, at the hall in the old Intelligencer building, 
 at which the first man ever regularly initiated in 
 "due form" in our Order, received the First 
 Degree — Brother Boardman, of ISTcw York. The 
 officers officiating on this occasion were the follow- 
 ing;: 
 
8o Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 William M. Iuelakd, Master. 
 
 W. A. Gatley, .... Overseer. 
 
 "VV. G. Perhy, - - - Lecturer. 
 
 H. DiNGMAN, .... Steward. 
 
 J. E. DonoLAS, .... Asst. Stewa/rd. 
 
 A. F. MouLDEN, Chaplain. 
 
 Ed. p. Farms, ... - Gate Keeper. 
 O. H. Kelley, . - Acting as Floor Manager. 
 Mrs. Pynchon, - - • Ceres. 
 
 Mrs. Perry, - - Pomona. 
 
 Miss Douglass, - Flora. 
 
 Among those present, were Mrs. Ireland, Mrs. 
 Moulden, Mrs. Dingman, Mrs. Gatley, Mrs. Gass, 
 Brothers Saunders, Doctor Trimble, Tilden, Mullen, 
 Pynchon, Glass, Haley and Kerr. 
 
 We worked exclusivel}^ from manuscript copies. 
 It was to me a very cheering meeting. The next 
 day I wrote McDowell as follows • 
 
 February 20t7i, 1868. 
 Bro. McDowell : 
 
 Last niglit ^\e initiated an Individual in due form. There 
 
 were present thirty Brothers and Sisters. Full half were ladies. 
 
 All expressed themselves liighly pleased with the first degree. 
 
 ******* O. II. K 
 
 Another letter from Bartlett reviewed the subject 
 
 of fees and dues. I wrote in reply : 
 
 February 22d, 1868. 
 Bro. Bartlett : 
 
 Yours of 18th received, relative to funds to be used by the 
 National Grange. If we carry out our design to send out Leo- 
 
Origin of the Order. 8i 
 
 turers, and distribute printed matter in the form of tracts, essays, 
 charts, etc., for the purpose of diffusing knowledge among the 
 members of the Order, it is evident we must have money to do 
 it with. Every member will get back the value of his money 
 before he has been connected with the Order six months. 
 
 They do not object to paying two or three times as much to 
 join the Masons. In our Order, we give every member all 
 Masonry secures, and valuable practical knowledge besides. 
 Ours is an operative Order. Masonry is merely speculative. 
 They might just as well ask where the money goes in Masonry. 
 
 If we meet with success, it is presumed the issue of tracts and 
 pamphlets (if I can have my plans carried out), will correspond 
 favorably, even with the Tract Societies. Our issues, however, 
 will be strictly agricultural, and kindred interests. 
 
 An Order, to be prosperous, must not be continually begging 
 money of its members. We propose to add the insurance feature 
 to our Order. ******* * * 
 Our object is to introduce every possible feature to benefit the 
 farmers. 
 
 I fancy members will not grumble much at the manner of 
 using the funds. I hope, however, the Officers of the National 
 Grange will prove themselves eiitilled to salaries sufficient to 
 prompt them to labor diligently for the benefit of the members. 
 I advocate the Secretaries of the Subordinate Granges receiving 
 a remuneration in proportion to their membership. By this 
 plan, we can rely upon the business of the Granges being 
 attended to promptly. 
 
 However, do not, by any means, urrje any one to join. Let 
 them act their pleasure. We will have members enough, and as 
 it is a secret Order, it is not necessary to publish all our plans 
 of work. 
 
 Relative to representation in the National Grange, we hope to 
 6 
 
82 Pati'ons of Husbandry. 
 
 make the -work sufficiently popular, that good men will be 
 chosen for Masters,— those who will take pride in representing 
 their respective Granges ; but if wo find any State is likely to be 
 unrepresented, we can easily devise means to remedy it. 
 
 The great fear here has been, that too many would be congre- 
 gated. My idea is, that when a State or the National Grange is 
 in session, the concourse should be large enough to lot the 
 people know we were in motion. I hope to see the time when 
 the convening of the National Grange will be as great an event 
 as can take place on this Continent. 
 
 From present indications, no Order ever existed which created 
 such a furore, as the Patrons will. 
 
 Thirty were present at the last meeting of Potomac Grange, 
 No. 1, and we anticipate fifty being present at the next weekly 
 meeting. They seem inclined to go into it blind. 
 
 We hope to get a proof-sheet of the Constitution this coming 
 week, and have delayed only to get your views on the copy sent. 
 We have no time to lose. All are waiting our movements. * * * 
 
 Our only want just now is money. Had we a friend who 
 would advance liberally for a few months, until we get Granges 
 established, we could easily repay with interest. Perhaps some 
 of those you speak of, who see such a big pile coming into the 
 National Grange, may bo willing to advance a few hundred. 
 
 0. H. K. 
 The last of February I took some portions of our 
 Ritual, as well as our Constitution, to Cunningham 
 & Mcintosh, Printers, and assumed the responsibility 
 of having it published. 
 I wrote Bartlett : 
 
 March Wi, 18C8. 
 
 "Our Eitual is in the hands of the printer ; will be finished 
 
Origin of the Order. 8j 
 
 this week. We have got to that interesting period in the life of 
 all organizations, that it must either live or die. 
 
 I fim ready to start on the 20th to formally introduce the Order 
 to the farmers. Now we need a few hundred dollars to get 
 under way. From three to four hundred will be sufficient. Can 
 you help us much or little ? Whatever is advanced by members 
 of the National Grange will, of course, be repaid as soon as 
 funds come in. 
 
 We require about one hundred of it to pay what we owe for 
 printing. We here have contributed from time to time, and 
 kept the Order in motion, and now we want to push out boldly. 
 With a little timely aid the work will be a success. 
 
 O. 11. K. 
 
 I wrote thus to McDovycU: 
 
 March ^th, 1868. 
 Dear Brother : 
 
 The Constitution, as you see, is published at last. Rituals 
 
 and Dispensations will be finished this week. Then I am ready, 
 
 so far as the Order is concerned, to leave this place. But now 
 
 to get the funds to go with. I wish when the Duke conferred 
 
 those degrees upon you, he had made a donation to propagate 
 
 them. »**»»«* 
 
 Harvest Grange, No. 2, meets to-morrow night to initiate 
 
 several new members. O. 11. K. 
 
 March 2"th, 1868. 
 Mt Dear McDowell : 
 
 Yours of 33d received. You can bet on the Patrons. 
 
 It's an institution. We have working men and women in it 
 
 here. Last night we initiated eight, — put thera through the 
 
 four degrees. It was a stormy night, but we had a good turn 
 
 out. I am surprised at the success we are meeting with. All 
 
84- Pati-otis of Husbandry. 
 
 declare it a beautiful Order, and work cheerfully. It must be 
 popular in the country towns. I am sanguine of success. 
 I hope to leave here next Thursday and be with you Saturday. 
 
 I have no fear of want of funds after I get started. Two or 
 three hundred dollars will set us in motion nicel}^ and I sup- 
 pose it will turn up somewhere. ***** 
 
 My whole mind is centered in the work, and we can have an 
 Order that is unequalled : but we must be active. * • 
 
 Thompson was present last evening for the first time, and 
 served as Lecturer during the first degree. He came to me and, 
 shaking my hand, said, "Kelley it's a success; I congratulate 
 you." He said he had an engagement, and must leave. Doctor 
 Trimble was also present, and to my great satisfaction said, ' ' for 
 once, I have no objections to make. The Order exceeds my 
 expectations. You've got a good thing." » * * 
 
 My dear fellow, rejoice and be exceeding glad. O. H. K. 
 
 This to Bartlett: 
 
 March 28th, 1868. 
 
 Yours of 25th received. I am glad to hear once more from 
 you. I expect to leave here on Thursday next, enroute for 
 Minnesota. Hope to find you somewhere on the route. Most of 
 the month of April I propose to give to organizing the Order on 
 my way home. Spend a few weeks there, and then start again. 
 Ipropose to make the Patrons my special business until the Order 
 is firmly established. 
 
 If our friends will give me a hearty co-operation, success must 
 be rapid. 
 
 To amuse you, I send proof sheets of our Manual. Will 
 enclose full copy by Wednesday. * • * * » 
 You will see considerable of your own composition in this, and 
 I hope it will please you. ****** 
 
Ongin of the Order. Sj 
 
 We have got a noble work before us, and I trust God will 
 bless our labors. For the past two months, it has required my 
 entire time. I shall start out like an itinerant preacher, and trust 
 to find friends. If I enter a town and don't find any, I shall 
 make myself conspicuous, brushing the dust off my feet as I 
 leave it. O. H. K. 
 
 "VVe held a regular session prior to my departure, 
 and I here give a report of the same : 
 
 NattonaTj Gratige, ) 
 Saturday, F. M., March 2iith, 1868. ) 
 
 "Worthy Master Saunders presided. 
 
 Bro. John Trimble, Jr.^ was appointed Secretary 
 pro tern. 
 
 Present — Brothers Grosh, Ireland, Thompson 
 and Kellcy. 
 
 It was decided the Secretary be given a letter of 
 credit,* for the purpose of enabling him to visit the 
 different States to organize the Order, which reads 
 as follows: 
 
 •This general letter, though very handsome, was of no particular 
 value. I soon found "phicli: " and perseverance the most valuable 
 requisites. The greatest obstacle in the way of establishing theOrder, 
 was the assertion that it was controlled by Government employees. 
 If any of them had a reputation, it counted nothing. This is another 
 peculiarity of the American people. Make anything popular with 
 the public, and all will take stock in it. 1 learned that full one-half 
 of our great men are almost totally unknown to the people at large. 
 The less any American tries to sail on u "world-wide reputation," 
 the fewer will be the rocks he will strike. 
 
86 Patrons of Hiisbandrv. 
 
 Patrons op Husbandry, 
 National Orange, Washington, D. 0. 
 This is to Certify, That Brother O. H. Kelley is Secretary of 
 the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, and as such, 
 is authorized to establish the Order in any portion of any State 
 or Territory, that has not yet been brought into official connec- 
 tion with the National Grange. 
 
 He is hereby fully empowered to establish Subordinate 
 Granges, to issue Dispensations, and to confer the degrees neces- 
 sary for the organization and instruction of the same. 
 
 Brother Kelley is also authorized to receive and receipt for all 
 monies due or donated to the National Grange, and is heartily 
 recommended to the sympathy and kindness of the farming 
 community, and all interested in the great and good work. He 
 is a cultivated gentleman, and in every way worthy of the con- 
 fidence of all good men. 
 
 In testimony whereof, we, the Officers of the National Grange, 
 have hereunto set our hands and caused the seal thereof to be 
 affixed hereto, this 31st day of March, 1868. 
 
 William Saunders, Master. 
 John R Thompson, Lecturer. 
 '"-'^^ Anson Bartlbtt, Overseer. 
 
 A. SnERWOOD Moss, Assistant Steward. 
 A. B. GuosH, Chaplain. 
 W. M. Ireland, Treasurer. 
 Edward P. Farris, Oaie-Keeper. 
 Attest: John Trimble, Jr., 
 
 Secretary pro tern. 
 
 Bro. Kelley was instructed relative to the manner 
 of imparting tlie degrees, and allowed discretionary 
 power in all the work. 
 
Origin of the Order. 8 J 
 
 Relative to salary, — On motion of Bro. Trimble, 
 it was decided unanimously tliat the Secretary, 
 0. H. Xelley, sliall receive a salary of two thousand 
 dollars per annum, and necessary traveling expenses 
 — the same to be collected by him from receipts 
 from Sul>ordinate Granges, — the salary to date from 
 December 4th, 1867. 
 
 It is explicitly understood that the Officers of the 
 National Grange are not to be held personally 
 responsible for the salary or expenses. 
 
 Bro. Ireland was authorized to act as Secretary 
 fro km. during the vSecretary's absence. 
 
 Gen. Wm. Duane Wilson was nominated as a 
 Special Deputy. 
 
 Seal of JSTational Grange was accepted. 
 
 Meeting adjourned to Wednesday evening, at 
 Harvest Grange, at quarter before seven o'clock. 
 
 A little incident of promptness happened at one 
 of the meetings of our Subordinate Grange, which 
 is worth noting. 
 
 I was managing the woricing of several candi- 
 dates, and after they were brought into the room, 
 remembered that Ireland had the only copy of the 
 obligation in his coat pocket. lie was presiding in 
 the Commandery two squares distant. I sent a 
 messenger to him to hurry over and obligate the 
 candidates. Just as they were brought to the 
 Altar, Ireland came in from the ante-room. I 
 handed him the gavel, and he '-cdled up."' They 
 
8S Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 were obligated as calm as if he had been present 
 the whole evening, and without referring to the 
 manuscript. 
 
 The time had arrived for me to close my work 
 witli the Subordinate Grange in this city. I had 
 taken all the degrees in regular form, to become 
 familiar with every portion of the work, and had 
 worked up a Grange with some fifty or more mem- 
 bers. The last night I met with them we had our 
 stage well decorated, and closed our work with a 
 generous feast. 
 
 In making my arrangements to leave, it was 
 necessary for me to give a note for forty dollars. 
 I Avas required to have it endorsed. Ireland, Grosh, 
 Trimble and Thompson, each honored me with his 
 signature upon it. 
 
 I had received, as my cash account shows, some 
 funds from the Suljordinate Grange, and I was now 
 starting out, satisfied and determined the Order 
 could and should pay its own expenses. 
 
 On the afternoon of April 3d, 1868, at 2 o'clock, 
 I bought a ticket for Ilarrisburg, and then called 
 upon Saunders to bid him good-bye. This short 
 anmsing interview I shall never forget. He M'as 
 seated at his desk, and as I handed him some blank 
 Dispensations to sign, I said, in a joking mood: 
 
 "Here I am, ready to start." 
 
Origin of the Order. 8g 
 
 "Start for where?" he asked. 
 
 "I have bought a ticket for Ilarrisburg, and stop 
 there the first place. I propose to work my way 
 to Minnesota, organizing Granges." 
 
 "Have 3^ou got any money?" 
 
 " I have about two dollars and a half of Grange 
 funds, but intend to pay my Avay as I go." 
 
 In a pleasant way, he said, ""Well, you are a fool 
 to start on such a trip." 
 
 "Can't help that; fool or no fool, you shall hear 
 from me, and I'll make the Order a success or burst.'' 
 
 "We shook hands and parted. That evening I 
 went to the Post Office an hour before I took the 
 train, in hopes to get some good news. On leaving 
 the office, I met Doctor Trimble face to face. "We 
 had a few words of conversation relative to my 
 trip, and as we shook hands and parted, he said: 
 "Kelley, from my heart I wish you success, and I 
 firmly believe you will have it." From him, of all 
 others, such words gave me courage; and frequently 
 after that, Avhen the clouds looked blackest in my 
 progress, they Avould come to my mind and cheer 
 me on. 
 
 The following is a copy from the books of the 
 embryo National Grange, on the 3d day of April, 
 1868: 
 
? Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Receipts. 
 186S. 
 
 January 31— Cash acJvanced at times by O. H. K $24 75 
 
 February 29— Cash from W.Saunders 10 (10 
 
 29— Cash from F. M. McDowell 10 00 
 
 Marchl— Cash at times from Wm. M. Ireland 10 Jl 
 
 " 28— From memberships in Harvest Grange 3j 0) 
 
 April C— Dispensation for Harrisburg, Pa \h 00 
 
 " —Cash of F. M. McDowell 50 00 
 
 " 17— Dispensation for Fredonia, N. Y 15 00 
 
 " " " Columbus, Ohio 15 00 
 
 " " Chicago, III 15 00 
 
 May 4— " " Newton, Iowa 15 00 
 
 August " " Cascade Grange, Minn 15 00 
 
 September 2—" " North Star Grange, " 15 00 
 
 November 2—" " Sunbeam Grange, " 15 00 
 
 " 28—" " Plum Valley Grange, Minn 15 00 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 ORGANIZING OF GRANGES. 
 
 «,« T 8.45 in the evening, I left tlie Depot in 
 ^v "Washington for Ilarrisburg, little dreaming 
 of the amount of hard labor that was to accom- 
 pany the task I had undertaken, or that months 
 would become years before success would follow. 
 
 The giving up of all other occupations, and 
 devoting my entire attention to the Order, was a 
 matter long and seriously considered. The success 
 of those prominent in the history of the present 
 century was studied, until I was impressed with 
 the belief that vaj labors should be well rewarded. 
 I gave but little thought to the chances for failure; 
 all my calculations were based upon a triumph. 
 My friends considered me something of a fanatic, 
 but I was satisfied there was merit in the plan of 
 organization. 
 
 The influence of the village press was what I 
 most desired to secure, and thus get at work among 
 the -people in the country to^vns. 
 
^4- Patrojis of Husbandry. 
 
 As I was about leaving, McDowell said to me: 
 "Kellej% you liave taken uj^on yourself an enor- 
 mous task, but do not get discouraged; every good 
 cause must always have a martyr. You will make 
 a good one for this." He gave me fifty dollars, and 
 cheering words. I left him with a happy heart, for 
 I was finding friends as I progressed. 
 
 I made an attempt to establish a Grange at Penn 
 Yan, but did not succeed. At Fredonia I arrived 
 on Wednesday A. M., April 15th, and immediately 
 called on Bro. Moss. During that day and Thurs- 
 day, I made some acquaintances, still held in kind 
 remembrance. Thursday evening I met with the 
 following-named persons, and organized a live 
 Grange: A. S. Moss, H. Stiles, "W. H. Stevens, 
 U. E. Dodge, S. McKinstry, A. P. Pond, D. Fair- 
 banks, W. McEiNSTEY, Wii. EisLEY, and M. S. 
 Woodford. 
 
 This was the first regularly organized Grange 
 where every member paid his fee, and we may give 
 Bro. Moss credit for being the father of the first 
 genuine Grange which lived, breathed, and had a 
 being. 
 
 At Fredonia I received a letter from J. E.. 
 Thompson, requesting me to go to Columbus, 
 Ohio, and meet Joe. Dwyer, whom he had con- 
 versed with relative to the Order, and would organ- 
 ize a Grange. 
 
Organizing of Granges. pj 
 
 I then made my next point to find Bro. Bartlett, 
 at Spencer, Ohio, which place I reached on the 
 18th. On my way I met Geo. E. Blakslee, of the 
 Ohio Farmer. He said if the Order would protect 
 the farmers from patent right swindlers, it would 
 be popular in Ohio — $500,000 per annum being a 
 rough estimate of loss in that State from this one 
 cause. 
 
 Thus far I had not met any persons whom the 
 plan of our organization did not please. 
 
 I wrote McDowell as follows from Spencer, 
 April 19th: 
 
 "Between ourselves, it ■will be an organization that will, in a 
 few years' time, rule in this country. I know our associates in 
 the National Grange do not see the Order in the same light as you 
 and I do. They may by and by. I mean to give my attention 
 to introducing the Order in every State, and securing the aid of 
 the press and pulpit. My ouly anxiety is for funds to make 
 things comfortable while I can work up the Order." 
 
 My visit to Bartlett was an agreeable one. I 
 
 made him familiar with the entire work, and left 
 
 him to introduce it in that part of the State. At 
 
 Columbus, Ohio, I wrote him : 
 
 April 21st, 1808. 
 BROTnEB Bartlett : 
 
 ^ * * * * * Have seen Dwyer and Klipart ; 
 
 the latter says we must be cautious, and make the oflicers of our 
 
 Granges entirely of farmers, and not outsiders, else there will be 
 
 jealousy, which should be guarded against. 
 
p6 Patrons of Husba7idry. 
 
 I called at Crosier's. He was not in. "While standing at the 
 desk writing some letters, several merchants entered. They 
 were talking about organizing a Board of Trade. One of them 
 remarked, " Get up a Board of Trade, and then let us see one of 
 them deviate from the prices agreed upon." That was a good 
 hint for us. Be cautious who you have at the head of the 
 Grange in Wellington. Confine it to farmers at the start, else 
 we may have trouble. Yours truly, O. H. K. 
 
 I wrote to McDowell on the same day, as follows : 
 
 April 21s/, 1868. 
 Bkothbr McDowell : 
 
 **«***! am getting my hand in. 
 Wake up D'Ascoli's ghost, and get some funds. We can then 
 sweep the country . 
 
 I leave here without organizing, owing to the time it will re- 
 quire to wait the arrival of parties Dwyer wishes to join with him. 
 He pays me for the dispensation, and I leave the matKr with him 
 to work up. 
 
 I have a good opportunity to get the sentiment of the farmers. 
 In my humble opinion, this Order, with its influence, will inau- 
 gurate a party that will sweep the country of the present race of 
 politicians. There is nothing else that can restore peace and 
 quiet between North and South. 
 
 Every kind of monopoly is now at work grinding the producer, 
 and I find the people encourage our work, hoping to find relief. 
 Tou are at the head of an Order that will, in four years' time, be 
 the most prominent in the land. 
 
 How will it work for you to go to New York, and get some of 
 your intimate friends to organize a Grange ? We want there 
 some sound men, with whom Subordinate Granges can transact 
 business. Fraternally yours, O. H. Kkllky. 
 
Organising of Granges. gy 
 
 I reached Chicago April 23(i, and called on II. D. 
 Emery, of the Prairie Farmer. I had corresponded 
 with him relative to the Order, and he informed me 
 that he had a club ready to be organized into a 
 Grrange. This was decidedly encouraging. In the 
 evening I met the following-named persons, and 
 made them familiar with the Ritual : H. D. Emery, 
 A. T. Emery, "W. W. Corbett, Edgar Sanders, 
 J. T. BoNFiELD, Daniel Worthington, A. JST. Hart, 
 Dr. H. K Parrin, 0. E. Whitman, and S. C. 
 Huntington. 
 
 In the cars for Madison, I wrote to McDowell : 
 
 ******! shall reach Madison with 
 three dollars in my pocket. If I start a Grange, it will be fifteen 
 more, — just enough to land me at home, dead broke. Now 
 laugh, for I am laughing, and well we may. We have a big 
 Order started, and there is a future in it. Success is certain. 
 Our aim is to elevate and dignify the labor of cultivating the soil, 
 and the education of the masses, — a noble work. Men in New 
 York City, with thousands of dollars at their command, ought to 
 be found, who would be willing to donate liberally to the cause. 
 Worthy Priest, to whom all penitents in the Seventh Degree must 
 open their hearts, try and smoke them out. 
 
 Yours, O. H. K. 
 
 At Madison, "Wis., I met another party with 
 whom I had corresponded. From the reception he 
 gave mc, and the assurance that his immense wealth 
 
 and influence would carry the town, I did think 
 
 7 
 
g8 Patrotis of Husbandry. 
 
 he could swing the State whichever way he went. 
 I felt sanguine of a grand finale to my trip. I 
 remained in town four days, and was then told I 
 had made a mistake in endeavoring to work up 
 anything with so weak a man to help. 
 
 It was my first failure. I needed the Dispensation 
 fee to carry me to St. Paul, in lieu of which, I 
 called upon this very wealthy individual for a loan 
 of fifteen dollars, until I should reach home. I 
 was a stranger, and felt, after our correspondence 
 and his assertions, that he would certainly accom- 
 modate me. He refused, saying that "in his high 
 position, the Order could not benefit him, and he 
 did not desire to loan me the amount." He told 
 me also, that as I was a member of the Masonic 
 order, he would arrange with the Master of his 
 Lodge to render the assistance. I had the pleasuie 
 of receiving the desired accommodation from the 
 "Worthy Master of that Lodge, who informed me 
 that such contemptible meanness was characteristic 
 of the individual. 
 
 I wrote Bartlett on the 27th from Madison : 
 
 ****** We have got a good thing. 
 Write it up in every paper you have access to. Advertise, Ad- 
 TEETISE, and we ■will have all we can attend to. 0. H. K. 
 
 The following day I wrote to McDowell : 
 
Organising of Granges. gg 
 
 ******! met twelve gentlemen at the 
 State House. Being early, my pompous friend seated himself 
 by my side, and as the different ones came in he whispered to me, 
 "That is the President of our Bank." Anotherwas "the Mayor 
 of our City," etc. "This is the class of people I associate 
 with." I tell you, Bro. McDowell, those people have my sym- 
 pathy. After an introduction, I made them familiar with the 
 Ritual ; and the objects of the Order were freely discussed. I 
 gained some good ideas from them, at any rate ; but when I said 
 "money," you would have been amused to see some of them 
 creep out of the room. 
 
 They said the Order would be of great advantage in country 
 towns, but not in cities like Madison (1800 votes J. That is a joke 
 on Chicago. No matter, it is nothing but a shower ; it will clear 
 up by the time I reach Minnesota. O. H. K. 
 
 I left Madison at midnight, and after a day's 
 waiting at Prairie du Chien for the boat, I reached 
 St. Paul May 1st, 1868. On arriving at my home, 
 I felt very much as if a rest would do me good. 
 Eleven months had passed since I hade my family 
 good bye, and the last month had been one of hard 
 labor and anxiety. 
 
 On the 2d of May, I received several letters from 
 Ireland. In one he writes : 
 
 " * * * * Mr. Bean is getting very anxious about 
 his money. He has been up to see Thompson about it. The 
 printers are also asking for some. What to do I don't know. 
 They all come to me, as I am Treasurer, and they think it hard 
 that I do not give them something. What am I to do ? The 
 
Organizing of Granges. loi 
 
 Newton, Jasper Co., Iowa, 
 O. H. Kelley : A^ril 18th, 1868. 
 
 Dear Sir : 
 Tours of March 21st and 22d were duly received. I called 
 a meeting of our most spirited and enterprising farmers on the 
 17th. The weather being bad, there were comparatively few in 
 attendance. I presented the objects of the Patrons of Husbandry 
 to them. After discussing the pros and cons, and particularly 
 the secret part, the following persons went into an organization : 
 A. Failor, Mrs. A. Failor, J. D. Patton, S. H. Wright, 
 W. R. Mathews, A. "W. McDonald, J. B. McFarland, C. 
 H. Fish, Mrs. C. H. Fish, and A. J. Dunham. 
 The following persons were chosen officers : 
 
 Master, - - A. Kailor. 
 
 Lecturer, - - - - J. D. Patton. 
 
 Overseer, .... S. H. Weight. 
 
 Steward, - - W. R. Mathews. 
 
 Assistant Steward, - - - A. W. McDonald. 
 
 Treasurer, - - - J. B. McFarland. 
 
 Secretary, ..... C. H. Fish. 
 
 Oale Keeper, ... J. A. Dunham. 
 
 I herewith send you a draft calling for fifteen dollars. You 
 will send us a Charter or Dispensation, and as everything is new 
 to us, give us all necessary instructions. I shall be ready to lake 
 any part you wish to assign me in organizing Granges in this part 
 of the State. How soon may we expect to see you here ? If 
 possible, give me several weeks' time, as they are scattered over 
 the county. Send us all necessary papers, blanks, etc. 
 
 Yours fraternally, A. Failor. 
 
 The draft was received by the next mail — he 
 having overlooked it when mailing his letter. This 
 was the first application by letter, and for The 
 FiKST Grange in Iowa. 
 
102 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 The draft was immediately endorsed and sent to 
 the Master of the Masonic Lodge in Madison, 
 which closed the expenses of my trip, and made a 
 clean page. The Dispensation for this " God-send" 
 Grange was issued the same day. May 2d, 1868. 
 
 I wrote Ireland on the 4th of IMay : 
 
 " * * * Secure my 20 per cent., and use that. Con- 
 trive some way, so that none of you will have to pay out a cent 
 for the Order. If any more letters come for me, open them, and 
 if they contain funds, use them. I have faith in the Order ; it 
 must succeed. Do not cool down at Washington, for I represent 
 to every one that we have heavy guns there,, and you must speak 
 encouragingly. Much depends upon you all. I will do all a 
 human being can do ; only have faith ; stand by the work boldly. 
 We will come out right. 
 
 My dear brother, you must not swear when the printer comes 
 in. You will never have half the anxiety about the work I had 
 during the winter, in getting the Ritual and Constitution ready. 
 When they come in to " dun," ask them to take a seat ; light 
 your pipe ; lean back in a chair, and suggest to them that some 
 plan be adopted to bring in ten or twenty members, and thus 
 furnish funds to pay their bills. O. H. K. 
 
 On May 3d, Bro. Moss wrote that his Grange 
 already had three meetings, and though I had left 
 them but one Manual, the officers had copied their 
 parts and were doing well. 
 
 McDowell wrote May 6th: 
 
 Have read yours from Madison. I have only time to say one 
 word before the mail closes, and that is, "Don't give up the 
 
Organizing of Granges. loj 
 
 sliip." We are battling in a glorious cause ; so let the fight rage 
 on, and ever. F. M. McDowell. 
 
 Consoling to a fellow without a round of ammu- 
 n'.tion. I wrote him on the 6th : 
 
 I have had several letters from our brothers in "Washington. 
 TJiey seem to depend more on my labors than on their own 
 exertions. If they expect you and I to run the machine, why 
 le!,'3 do it, and make good use of our opportunity. I see plainly, 
 thit for an adviser, it will be more to my interest to look to you 
 th m to them. * * « * They are there surrounded 
 with the peculiar atmosphere of Government, and consequently 
 caanot comprehend the work the Order can accomplish, if 
 rit.htly managed. Besides, official position there makes a 
 perfect slave and tool of a man. He loses all ambition for 
 cv3rything but an increase of pay. I shall consult with you, 
 and it is right I should, for, as Priest of Demeter, you are in 
 fact, the true head of the Order. I now have letters asking for 
 Gi anges in three places. O. H. K. 
 
 I wrote thus to McDowell on May 7th : 
 
 I have just received a letter from Dr. Trimble, in which he 
 gives me to understand that the whole success of the Order 
 de jends upon my exertions, and I judge all hands at Washing- 
 ton have quietly sat down, leaving all the work for me to do. 
 I thought I had done pretty well during the past month, but 
 they seem to think I ought to have raised money enough to pay 
 m3' own expenses, and square up all the accounts at Washington. 
 It is really laughable. Here is an Order we have started, and 
 $150 will clear every cent of debt ; yet they do not seem 
 inclined to make any exertion to secure membership enough to 
 liquidate the same. * « * * This is certain, the 
 
lo/f- Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 officers at Washington must be active, and take an interest in 
 the work, else it will fall into other hands. I wrote them regu- 
 larly from every place I stopped, sent official letters, — but regret 
 to say, not an official answer has been received. I wrote them 
 about adding other features to the Order, by which members 
 would secure benefits, but no reply. * * * * O. H. K 
 
 I received the following from Ireland : 
 
 May ISth, 1868. 
 My Dear Kelley : 
 
 Yours of 7th received. Tou cannot feel any more disap- 
 pointed at the want of vitality in Harvest Grange, than does 
 your humble servant. I have done all I could to urge them, 
 one and all, to bring in members. I would do so if I were any 
 way acquainted with people here. * » * * « 
 Brother J. R. has, almost every time I have met him, said 
 he had several members to propose, but when our meeting 
 night comes round, he don't bring in the names. But I am 
 like you. I have faith, and am sure all will come out well. 
 Every letter you have sent has been read and commented upon 
 by Trimble and Thompson, and some of them by Saunders — 
 although he has less time than others, and, as you know, does 
 not care to go into the details of the machine. ***** 
 I do not know another person who would have gone out as you 
 have done to ''root;" or, if they had, they would have died 
 long since. Keep on— keep a stiff upper lip— let us try to get 
 these debts paid. ***** 
 
 I replied : 
 
 May tStk, 1868. 
 ***** 'Tis well ; wc may be happy yet. 
 I have written parties in Iowa, who want me to go there and 
 organize, to provide funds for traveling expenses, as I do not 
 
Organizing of Granges. loj 
 
 intend to depend upon Dispensation fees alone ; besides, I ■want 
 the fees to go to tlie National Grange, where they belong. 
 
 I wrote Dr. Trimble a furious letter. I was angry at the 
 time, and presume he will give me fits when I hoar from him. 
 However, I was provoked to think there had been nothing done 
 in Harvest Grange. « * « # x don't know as it 
 is worth while to fret much. Everything will come out all 
 right. A.t the same time, I want to see those debts paid. 
 
 ***** The country is beautiful here at 
 
 this season, and I am using every moment to make my private 
 matters move smoothly while I am absent. There is to be a 
 special meeting of the faithful members of the National Grange 
 on this farm some day, and if we do not have a good time, it 
 will be our own fault. 
 
 * * * * I intend my letters as minute reports, but 
 will, of course, each month give you one condensed to file. * * * 
 Excuse brevity, for I have eleven more letters to write to-night. 
 I believe, with sixteen hours work daily, I shall find enough to 
 occupy my mind. » * « O. H. K. 
 
 I wrote to McDowell May 20tli: 
 
 * * * I have at last heard from Washington. I 
 enclose you letters from Bros. Trimble and Ireland. They ease 
 my mind, and set all to rights. * * * 
 
 I have energy enough and the will to do the work, but I do 
 not want to beg my way and get into such a snap as I did at 
 Madison. I will not give up the work. It is the grandest ever 
 set on foot, and I am willing to sacrifice all the comforts of home 
 for months at a time, and work night and day for the cause ; but 
 I cannot go with an empty purse. « « * 
 
 Once get the State Granges fairly established, and then have a 
 meeting of the National Grange, and we will be all right. Have 
 faith, my dear friend, we shall win. * » * O. H. K. 
 
io6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 The first person ever obligated and instructed 
 in the Ritual in Minnesota, was my oldest daughter, 
 Julia Wilkin Kelley. She also officiated as Pomona 
 in the State Grange of Minnesota, on the first 
 evening the Fifth Degree was ever conferred. 
 
 The following I received from Bro. Saunders : 
 
 May 18tt, 1868. 
 
 I owe you one thousand apologies for not answering sooner. 
 * * * Letter writing has been out of the question. I 
 think you have done nobly on your tour. I care not what 
 others may say or thinlc, if anything to the contrary comes in 
 my hearing, I will certainly show that the idea is a great wrong 
 to you. 
 
 I have not seen Ireland for a couple of weeks, and have not 
 had time or inclination to hunt him up. Now I will have a 
 little more leisure, and will call on him. Let me hear from you 
 occasionally. I will respond, if you let me know where to find 
 you. William Saunders. 
 
 The same day I received the following from Dr. 
 Trimble : 
 
 * * * It is not pleasant to have the United States 
 Hotel man come up to the room here and dun me, — the first dun 
 I ever had here. 
 
 I know nothing, absolutely nothing, about the Order here, and 
 am not able to take any part in the matter. This you are aware 
 of, for I never hesitated to say so to you. So you must not hold 
 me accountable for inaction here. I have nothing whatever to 
 do with the active or actual work of the Order. Please bear 
 this in mind. 
 
 I give you unbounded credit for most masterly efforts in 
 
Organizing of Granges. loy 
 
 trying to seduce me into active participation, but, lilie impeach- 
 ment, it fizzled. 
 
 * * * Your trip was a success, the receipts good, 
 and your expenditures economical. Nothing in tlum to find 
 fault -wita, but, — "aye, there's the rub," — the note at the 
 United States Hotel isn't paid. J. Trimble, Jr. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 June 28t7i, 1808. 
 
 I owe you many apologies for my apparent neglect, which 
 your letter of the 21st reminds me of. I enclose you a letter 
 from Brother Failor, of Iowa. I have found that the farmers, 
 in planting and hoeing time, are too busy to attend to anything 
 else. 
 
 I have felt provoked at the neglect of our brothers in Wash- 
 ington. Have not had a line from any of them since sending 
 their last letters to you. I sent, over a month ago, for more 
 Manuals, but they have paid no attention to my request, and I 
 do not see how I can well organize Granges without them : 
 perhaps they do. I am through with my private matters here, 
 and ready now to give my attention to the Order. » » » 
 
 Brother Moss wrote me that he had written to Washington, 
 but could get no reply, and asks if I took the National Grange 
 with me when I left. * * * 
 
 I Intend to go to-morrow to the town of Sauk Rapids, for the 
 purpose of setting a Grange in motion. I have but seven 
 Manuals. There are nine hundred copies in the hands of the 
 printer at Washington, but suppose he will not let us have them 
 until his bill, or a part of it, is paid. I enclose you a few 
 letters, in wliich you will see I am not idle here. 
 
 We must issue another address to the farmers. The circular 
 is all very well for educated persons, but it will not take much 
 with the working classes. We must have something to con- 
 
io8 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 vince them that by supporting the Order, they are to be bene- 
 fited in many ways, — and point out those ways. 
 
 I am having a lot of the circulars struck off, and intend to 
 have the Key printed. If they do not send the Manuals, I shall 
 certainly have an edition printed here. I do not intend to be 
 bashful in this, and am determined, as long as you stand by me, 
 to push ahead. The laboring men of this country must be 
 organized. 
 
 The Editor of the Sauk Kapids Sentinel is an old chum of 
 
 mine. His paper is the organ of the Order, and he wants to 
 
 make it the head paper of the Order for the State. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 If the Editor ever reads this, he will recall some 
 of our experiences. 
 
 The following official letter I sent to Washington 
 the same date : 
 
 JuTie 2Sth, 1868. 
 To the Officers of the National Orange : 
 
 Worthy Bkotheks : 
 
 In making this, my Third Monthly Report, I regret 
 to say I have not yet had any reply to my letter and report for 
 the month of May. I have sent several times, requesting a copy 
 of the By-Laws of Harvest Grange, which I need very much in 
 establishing Granges. I also asked for fifty Manuals. If I can 
 be provided with these necessary articles, I can organize, other- 
 wise, I cannot to advantage. * * * * » « 
 I have not issued any Dispensations for May or June, but have 
 been making arrangements in several localities to organize as 
 soon as Manuals and By-Laws are received. I also asked for the 
 songs which Bro. Grosh was selecting when I left Washington. 
 ****** The delay places me in a very 
 impleasant situation, as I promised to send these things to the 
 
Organizing of Granges. log 
 
 Granges I organized, which I am unable to do. I beg of you, 
 for the credit of the Order, and to expedite the work of relieving 
 the National Grange from debt, that you -will give my wants 
 immediate attention. ****>:*** 
 If you view my labors in the right light, you must see I have 
 a heavy duty to perform, and certainly am not asking any more 
 aid from you than is compatible with your position in the Order. 
 Letters relative to organizing, are increasing. * * » 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 July 6th, J. R. Thompson wrote : 
 
 * * * * I have copied the By-Laws, and here- 
 with send them. Have called twice on Bro. Grosh for the songs, 
 but did not see them. If I could get them, I would copy and 
 enclose to you. In regard to the fifty Manuals sent for 
 * * * * unfortunately for the Order, as well as for 
 us, individually, with the exception, perhaps, of Bro. Saunders, 
 we are poor and cannot get money enough ahead to take the 
 Manuals out of the printer's hands. ***** 
 
 In regard to encouragement from head-quarters, I know that 
 our best wishes, and any words of counsel, advice and encourage- 
 ment that we can utter, you have and shall have heartily and 
 fully, but silver and gold (or greenbacks) have we none, and 
 consequently cannot give unto thee. 
 
 I will endeavor to see Bro. Saunders soon, and have the 
 National Grange called together. I do not see what action we 
 can take, except to promptly reply to communications, which 
 should certainly be done. Write to Ireland, as Acting Secretary, 
 making your suggestions, and if he does not answer promptly, I 
 will make after him, and spur him up. 
 
 And now a word in regard to that note of Bean's. He is after 
 us at short intervals, and is importunate for his money. « » * 
 
no Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 It vexes, -worries and annoys us, and puts us out of humor. I 
 hope you -will relieve us from the vexation and embarrassment, 
 by sending the money to pay the balance, which is thirty-nine 
 dollars. * * * I have not seen the time since the 
 note was endorsed, that I could properly appropriate five dollars 
 toward it. We had determined among ourselves that we would 
 take care of it, if the "20 per cent." passed ; but there is now 
 little or no hope of it. If we do not get the "20 per cent.," 
 I shall not be able to leave the city this summer, as usual. 
 
 J. R. Thompson. 
 
 In conversation Avitli various persons, I found 
 our circular, did not prove of any great value. 
 "We needed "a more lucid and less ambiguously 
 ■svorded circular." "It is too flowery, and squints 
 of a mutual admiration society." " Give us an 
 association that will aid and protect the farmers 
 as a class." ^McDowell agreed with me in this. 
 
 I wrote him from St. Anthony : 
 
 July Qih, 1868. 
 Brother McDowell : 
 
 I have just returned from Owatonna, where I have been 
 
 to attend a meeting of the Executive Committee of the State 
 
 Agricultural Society. I laid the matter of our Order before 
 
 them, and it met their hearty approval. I have been absent 
 
 from home two weeks, making persons familiar with our plans. 
 
 I must go home this afternoon to attend to my own matters. I 
 
 am in a stow all the time. Have to hire a man to attend to my 
 
 work in my absence, and I cannot be long enough in a place to 
 
 get a Grange fairly at work, for all are not ready when I get 
 
 there. Am short of funds, and do not see how I can accomplish 
 
J. R. THOMPSON. 
 
Organising of Granges. Jii 
 
 an}'thing, -with credit to myself or the Order. We must have 
 some capital to work with. At Washington, they are leaving 
 everything to you and myself, — that's evident. I do not know 
 what to do ; I am almost discouraged. I cannot work without 
 some money, and all the fees for dispensations must go to pay 
 our debts at Washington, before I can take any for my own use. 
 We have a good thing when it gets started, and I am willing to 
 hang to it. 
 
 * * * Do find some one to help us financially, or 
 else we will have to give up, and I cannot bear to think of that, 
 after working as hard as I have for a whole year. O. H. K. 
 
 I replied to Thompson, much discouraged. My 
 farm was covered with an old mortgage, that kept 
 my spirits in a perpetual eclipse. I was in debt, 
 and this additional debt of the Order, though small, 
 served as a night-marc. Regarding Bean's note, I 
 said: 
 
 "The only consolation I have is, that Bean's calling upon you 
 keeps me fresh in your minds, and to be cursed by an old friend 
 is better than to be forgotten. I suggest that Granges use black 
 and white Beans for ballots. * * * The assistance 
 
 I want from the National Grange is, that they take some active 
 measures to establish working Granges elsewhere, and not leave 
 it all for me to do. I shall run the Sentinel for the Order, and 
 one of you might send a short letter occasionally for its columns. 
 
 o. n. K. 
 
 The balance of the letter is about the same as in 
 the following Report : 
 
112 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 Itasca, Minn., July 12ih, 1868. 
 To the Officers of tile National Orange : 
 
 WoUTHT BllOTHBKS : 
 
 "When I left Wasliington three months ago, you all 
 said the Patrons were a success. I felt encouraged ; I presumed 
 the interest shown would be kept up by you all. There were in 
 AVashlngton at least some thirty or forty interested. As I under- 
 stand the matter, you have not added a member since I left ; but 
 sit down to see what I was doing, watching my progress, and 
 looking to my labors alone to pay all bills and keep the thing run- 
 ning. I hope jovL will duly consider this, and now that I am in 
 a very unpleasant situation, trust you will be lenient. I do not 
 expect any pecuniary assistance from the Order, but I certainly 
 have a right to expect the National Grange will take some active 
 interest in the work. Can you not delegate some of those 
 familiar with the work, who may go into the country this 
 summer, to organize where they go? Every Grange started 
 helps us all. You see what I am doing. I have accepted the 
 position of associate editor of a small paper here, with a brother 
 patron, and we are determined to help the work. I have added 
 this extra work for the good of the cause, and have ao 
 remuneration for it. You must show some active interest in 
 the work, for wherever I go I speak of the National Grange. 
 You can see that all my efforts will avail nothing, if, upon 
 inquiry, they learn there is no interest taken by you. I tell 
 you now, as I have told you before, you have a good 
 thing — a big tiling — if you will only be active. Do try to organ- 
 ize Granges everywhere ; stir up and add members to Harvest 
 Grange. Every one can add a few members if you but try, 
 " Try never was beat." 
 
 In the country the farmers ask, "What pecuniary benefit are 
 we to gain by supporting the organization ?" Let the National 
 
Organizing of Granges. iij 
 
 Grange point it out, let it show that each Grange is of itself a 
 Board of Trade, and by the system of communication between 
 Subordinate, State and National, they can market their produce 
 independent of the Chambers of Commerce, Millers and Wool 
 Growers' Associations, which are gotten up to control the marbiets. 
 That is one point, and there are certainly brains enough among 
 you to point out other advantages. 
 
 Now is the time to stril^e out on principle, in addition to what 
 we mention in our circular ; and by fall, when the farmers begin 
 to have leisure to attend meetings, we may anticipate a large 
 membership. 
 
 * * * * I have some good men enlisted in the 
 Order, and we are determined to put it ahead. I know all will 
 come out right in the end, if the members of the National 
 Grange will exert themselves in behalf of the Order. 
 
 Write it up. Delegate members of Harvest Grange to organize 
 other Granges, and it will not be long before we can see money 
 in our treasury. I tell you again, you have a good thing, and 
 though the work may appear to go slow, it is bound to prosper. 
 I laid our circular before the Executive Committee of our State 
 Agricultural Society, and thc\' said it was just the organization 
 needed to unite the farmers. It was the first they had heard of it. 
 Mr. Chatfield, on the spur of the moment, made quite a speech, 
 making this point : "It will enable the farmers to protect them- 
 selves against monopolies." They do not look so much to the 
 advancement of education, but to protection. Several writers 
 in agricultural papers have of late called loudly for union among 
 the farmers, on this very subject ; now is the time to sound the 
 key-note of the Order. Sound it loud; let the Patrons be 
 an organization for the protection of the farmer It will take. 
 
 Bro. Trimble can, from his familiarity witli public matfars, 
 plan a system of work ; send it to me, and I will submit it to the 
 
 8 
 
114- Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 officers of our State Society, and we will fix the matter right. 
 Don't delay — action is now necessary. Have faith ! faitli will 
 remove mountains. Assist me in this wa}', and we will so;>n 
 have funds enough. AVe must come out hold, and by so doing 
 the leading political papers will start out, some for and some 
 against ; but no matter — it will advertise tlie Order. Let what 
 you say be something tangible, that will take with the laboring 
 classes, and we are sure to win. Come down among the peopl'3 ; 
 don't stay up among the politicians. Ask them this question : 
 "Why not the producer establish the price of his products as 
 well as the manufacturer?" Not to secure exorbitant demanc's, 
 but to get a fair profit over the cost of raising the crops. ITo 
 man can accumulate money who sells below cost. If you 1 it 
 this point right, you will sweep the West. You must get Into 
 the farmers' pockets to reach their hearts, and a lively palpitati(jn 
 there invigorates their minds. 
 
 I am not idle, — it is not my nature, you all know ; but be 
 active yourselves, and thus help the cause. Mark my word, 
 there is a revolution going on among the people, and if you 
 strike the right chord in a new circular letter, you will soon S3e 
 the Patrons will be a power, and yourselves at the head of it. 
 Fraternally yours, O. H. Kellet. 
 
 I received this from McDowell : 
 
 Wayne, N. Y., July 31s<, 18G8. 
 Dear Bko. Kblley : 
 
 I am in receipt of yours from St. Anthony, of the 9th, 
 
 and from Itasca of the 10th and 11th, with enclosures of Bros. 
 
 Thompson's and Clarke's. I appreciate the difflculty you labor 
 
 under, in the matter of funds, and it does seem almost impossible 
 
 to go on with such a state of things, i. e., an empty Treasury — 
 
 so empty that a five cent stamp would need an introduction 
 
Organizing of Granges. 115 
 
 before it would feel at home in it. But one thing certainly I 
 would not do, <and that is, send the money you receive for Dis- 
 pensations to Washington to pay debts with, at present. You 
 must use all you receive from the Order in starting it, for the 
 present, at least; for, if you send it to Washington, it leaves 
 you without the means of pushing the work, which, in justice 
 to those who pay for Dispensations, must be done, or their 
 money refunded. What should be done in every State, particu- 
 larly in yours, is, to start a dozen or more Granges at prominent 
 points in the State, and then stick by them until they are perfect 
 in the work ; not only capable of running alone, but of perfect- 
 ing others in the work, who may wish to organize Granges in 
 other places. I do not think the Order can ever be permanently 
 started in any other waj'. It must have a permanent foothold in 
 some prominent places before it can ever have a healthy growth. 
 Flying visits are good to awaken an interest, but they are not 
 apt to perpetuate it. 
 
 Let me know what the Manuals cost, and I think I can 
 manage to get you a few of them, at any rate. It would be 
 better for them to send Manuals to 3'ou by express, C. O. D., 
 and then I can help you to get them. Our Washington brothers 
 are, I presume, very busy, — and besides, you were the link that 
 imited the chain, and which could unite it again if you were 
 only there. They will do but little until you return there again. 
 I will write to Saunders, and may be to some of the rest of 
 them. F. M. McDowell. 
 
 I sent the following to Brother Ireland : 
 
 Satjk Rapids, July 2Wi, 18G8. 
 Deab Bro. Ireland : 
 
 I have signed the enclosed receipts, but do not understand 
 
 the June voucher. Granite Grange meets here to-night. I have 
 
 spent nearly every day this month for the Order, and though 
 
Ii6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 the fanners have all been busy harvesting, I have it well adver- 
 tised. Have faith, my brother, we shall win. Stand by the 
 Patrons ; don't flinch. I never want to take hold of another 
 such work, but as I am in I am hound to put it through, if I die 
 for it. Do write me often ; I feel slighted. O. H. K. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 July 21111, 1868. 
 
 * * * I am getting a Grange under way at Sauk 
 
 Rapids, and another at Minneapolis, — but it goes slow. I 
 suggest having a primary degree, expressly for the little folks, 
 from six or eight to sixteen and eighteen years, so as to enter- 
 tain and instruct the children in the rural districts, and get their 
 minds interested in the study of the beauties of nature, etc., and 
 to afford them some rational recreation. * * * 
 
 The Manuals cost, I think, five to eight cents each. If we 
 could send any money to Saunders, he could get them and 
 forward the same to me. 
 
 I have no fears about the Order, after we get some men con- 
 nected with it who will work for it. Some may think me insane 
 to go into a thing this wild way, but you see I have faith, and I 
 don't find any who oppose it, that's the fun of the thing. * * * 
 Before I go into a place hereafter, they must first form a club of 
 at least fourteen, and be ready to organize. 1 cannot spend the 
 time to hunt up members. * * * O. H. K. 
 
 On tlie last day of July, I wrote to McDowell : 
 
 In your last letter you say you could, perhaps, raise some 
 funds, if we had anything to raise on. 
 
 My wife has a block of twenty lots in a town in this State, 
 which we got two years ago, intending to keep them as an 
 investment for the children : but we must have funds to set this 
 Order ahead, and it will be a safe investment to make use of 
 
Organizing of Granges. iiy 
 
 them, for a little ■wliile, at least. If you can raise any money 
 by mortgaging these for eighteen months, you have full power 
 to do so. Do the best you can. Mrs. Kelle}' will not object, as 
 she is beginning to have faith in our work. O. H. K. 
 
 Thus closed the month of July, the darkest in 
 the history of our Order. 
 
 If all great enterprises, to be permanent, must 
 necessarily start from small beginnings, our Order 
 is all right. Its foundation was laid on solid nothing — 
 the rock of poverty — and there is no harder material. 
 Riches take wings and fly away, but poverty is not 
 inclined to be migratory. There is nothing vision- 
 ary about it. One is not apt to build air castles 
 and fairy scenes with this for a background. Hard 
 friction is necessary to sharpen diamond grit. 
 Every man, to be eminently successful in what he 
 undertakes, and competent to enjoy prosperity, 
 must be able to stand hard usage. 
 
 On the first of August, Miss Hall returned from 
 Boston, and soon after joined hands with me in the 
 work. 
 
 August 1st, I made my Monthly Eeport for Jidy, 
 to the National Grange, and among other matter 
 wrote as follows: 
 
 I can now report to you the fUendly aid of five agricultural 
 papers, whose columns are open to our cause, viz : The Prairie 
 Farmer, Chicago ; Farmers' Chronicle, Columbus, Ohio ; Ohio 
 Farmer, Cleveland ; Bural World, St. Louis ; Farmers' Union, 
 
Ii8 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Minneapolis. Besides these, the various daily and weeklj' papers 
 in this State will publish any matter to advance our interests. I 
 have not been idle this month, though I can report but two 
 Granges in process of construction. And of these, Cascade 
 Grange, at Minneapolis, have paid me fifteen dollars for their 
 Dispensation, ■which amount I have been compelled to use to 
 defray my expenses — that being the sum total for the month — 
 during which time I have been in motion away from home about 
 twenty-one days. Tou will not charge me with extravagance 
 for July. As soon as Granite Grange gets fairly at work, it ■will 
 pay for its dispensation. I report as follows : 
 
 Number 1 — Granite Geaugb, Sauk Rapids, Minnesota. 
 Geo. W. Sweet, Henry McMahon, 
 
 Geo. W. Bennedict, William Copp, 
 
 William Fletcher, Ed^win S. Hall, 
 
 KicHABD Cronk, Jeremiah Russell, 
 
 and Ladies. 
 Miss Mary Eussell (.Geres) is the first white child bom in 
 this town. 
 
 Number 3— Cascade Grange, Minneapolis. 
 R. J. Mendenhall, Wyman Elliott, 
 
 Col. J. H. Stevens, C. M. Loring, 
 
 J. S. PiLLSBURY. 
 
 With these Granges, and the liberal manner in which the 
 Order is being advertised, I have reason to expect excellent suc- 
 cess the present month. I wish each one of you would send me 
 short articles about the Order, that I can have published and 
 copied from one paper to another. It will help advertise it. I 
 also want you to assist in getting up a form of installation for 
 a State Grange. I have already -written for an outline of the 
 Fifth Degree, which I hope to receive soon from Bro. Thompson. 
 
Organizing of Granges. iig 
 
 I Lave so much correspondence and writing to attend to, 
 and besides, these Granges are seventy miles apart, and I 
 have to spend two days and nights at each place, which leaves 
 but little time to study. In fact I am in a perfect ferment all 
 the time. * * * 
 
 Get together as often as possible, and write me frequently, so 
 I can publish in our papers here that " at a special meeting of 
 the National Grange, P. of H., at Washington," etc. It will 
 count in the West. * * * gend those songs with- 
 out delay. O. H. K. 
 
 From A. S. Moss, under date of— 
 
 Fredonia, N. y., August 1st, 18G8. 
 Vert Dear Brother : 
 
 I acknowledge the receipt of several letters, with Manuals, 
 also By-Laws, for which accept thanks. Hope the songs will 
 come soon. Our Grange is holding over until the tirst of Sep- 
 tember, when we shall wake up. * * * * I do 
 sympathize with you, brother, and feel that you are overtaxed, 
 and wish that I could relieve or assist you mentally or iinan- 
 cially. But perhaps you are to be the martyr. * « * 
 
 Ancient Orders used to look to the East for light, but " westward 
 Empire makes it way," and as we are looking that wa}' now for 
 our President, perhaps light for the oppressed "Laborer," 
 "Cultivator," "Harvester," and "Husbandman," may come 
 from the West. I hope you will make a blaze that will shine 
 ou"; on the Eastern horizon, which will equal the prairie on fire. 
 * * * If I was twenty years younger, I should like 
 to throw my whole soul into it ; but the infirmities of age deter 
 me somewhat. I will do what I can. My reverses, for two 
 yciirs past, have made me feel my situation. I will say " go on," 
 if I cannot say, "come on," with a will and a cheer. You 
 
120 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 ■will live to see its blessings on the toiling millions. Good cheer 
 to all good Patrons. A. S. Moss. 
 
 From Bartlett: 
 
 Spencer, Ohio, August Uh, 1868. 
 Brother Kellet ; 
 
 I am almost ashamed to write you, owing to my long neglect 
 
 to do so. My only excuse is this : having sold my time to these 
 
 men here for the season, they are apparently determined they 
 
 ■will monopolize the -whole of it, to the exclusion of everything 
 
 else. * * * Let „ie ]iL>ar from you. 
 
 Yours fraternally, A. Bartlett, Jb. 
 
 I wrote to Ireland : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., AuguUllth, 1868. 
 DsAE Brother Ireland : 
 
 I am pretty well used up ; have been on the tramp all the 
 ■week. * * * Enclose you some printing I have 
 
 had done, which will be of value to me in organizing Granges. 
 I am having a ihousaud copies of the Constitution printed, being 
 comjiletely out. 
 
 You all continue quite dumb. I get no replies to my letters to 
 you. You will jump, by and by, as if 3'ou had sat down on a 
 hornet's nest. If I have got to run the Institution alone, all 
 right. There are men taking hold of it here -who do not play 
 with their ■Bork. \Vith me it is a serious matter. I am leaving 
 everything else, and giving the Order my undivided attention. 
 
 It is "crowding the mourners" to do all the work, and not 
 get an encouraging letter from any of you. Tuesday or 
 Wednesday the Constitution will appear in full in the daily and 
 weekly Pioneer — daily and weekly Tribune (Minneapolis) — and 
 in the Farmer's Union. May be I won't advertise the Order? 
 You'll see. If the rest of you would take an active interest, we 
 should have no delay. O. H. K. 
 
Organizing of Granges. 12I 
 
 On the 18th, I received a letter from a party in 
 Philadelphia, who wrote me for instructions how to 
 organize a Grange. I wrote from 
 
 Sauk Rapids, August l^th, 1868. 
 Brother Ireland : 
 
 I enclose a letter, and have answered the same, urging 
 
 liim to go ahead, and giving him your address. Have told him 
 
 j'ou would, no doubt, assist in perfecting the organization. I 
 
 beg of you lake advantage of the opportunity ; get them, to form 
 
 a club of fifteen or twenty persons, and let them remit the Dis- 
 
 25eDsation fee, and th(yi have them set an evening when you can 
 
 go on, meet with them, and exemplify the work. * * * 
 
 If you can get one Grange started there, it will be a nucleus. Of 
 
 course, he goes into it to find a market for his books. All right. 
 
 It's an ill wind that blows us no good. O. H. K. 
 
 I received from Ireland the following: 
 
 Washington, August 2Ut, 1868. 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 I am in receipt of several communications of recent date, 
 but am too busy to reply just now. 
 
 We are making arrangements to convene a special meeting of 
 the National Grange, on general business. Resolutions will be 
 passed, sustaining and encouraging you, of which you will 
 receive copies. Your Post-Master's salary has been fixed at 
 twenty dollars per annum. How's that ? Give him the en- 
 closed notice. W. M. IKELA^-D. 
 
 The contents of this letter arc decidedly histor- 
 ical. On my return home, the salarj' of our Post- 
 Master was hut four dollars per annum; the in- 
 
122 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 crease of my correspondence added to his labor, 
 and tliosc familiar with such matters can compre- 
 hend the labor I was performing with my pen. 
 When we left Itasca in 1870, we had raised his 
 salary to %1h. 
 
 An amusing feature in the letter is the announce- 
 ment, "we are making arrangements to convene a 
 special meeting of the ITational Grange." There 
 were but five men to get together. If they felt 
 inclined, they could convene any time at an hour's 
 notice. I was beginning to look upon the ITational 
 Grange as a farce. 
 
 Itasca, August ZGih, 1868. 
 Mt Dear Brother McDowell : 
 
 Tours of the 11th inst. I found awaiting me on my return 
 home. I also received by same mail, twenty Manuals from Bro. 
 Saunders. The farmers are now about through with their 
 harvest, and the Order has been pretty well advertised here, so 
 that I see bright prospects before me. Besides, there are numerous 
 associations of millers, manufacturers and dealers in lumber, 
 that are continually crowding the farmers, and they will be 
 inclined to join it for protection. 
 
 Tour letters encourage me very much, but I regret to say our 
 friends in Washington arc negligent in their correspondence with 
 me. They pay little or no attention to my letters. Bro. Moss is 
 an active correspondent like yourself 
 
 I have concluded not to mortgage those lots. I do not 
 feel it to be my duty to raise the funds. * * * 
 
 Until I do hear from Washington, I shall not write again nor 
 send any reports. I shall, however, report to you, and if we 
 
Organizing of Granges. I2j 
 
 outsiders arc comiiclled to run it, I guess we have the vim in us 
 to do so. Want of funds is the only detriment, not only in 
 doing the worli of the Order, but, being cramped in my family 
 matters, malces it very embarrassing. 
 
 I have had a portion of the secret work printed privately, and 
 enclose a sheet. It saves me copying thirteen pages letter sheet 
 for each Grange. Have also had printed one thousand Constitu- 
 tions, five hundred copies of By-Laws of Subordinate Granges, 
 and five hundred Circulars. I propose to continue the work, 
 and hope the time is not far distant when the friends of the 
 Order in other parts will at least write articles for the papers, 
 advocating the Order. If it is well advertised it will have a 
 tremendous run, as there is merit in it. It munt be advertised as 
 vigorously as if it were a patent medicine ; but I cannot do all 
 
 the work — other friends must aid. God bless you. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 Office of Pioneek Printing Company, 
 St. Paul, Minn., Avgust SlsC, 18G8. 
 Dear Brother Ireland : 
 
 Letter this P. M., all right. " Bully for the Patrons." I 
 send you a paper to-day in which you will see the Constitution 
 published. 
 
 Do all you can to advertise the Order in the papers. If you 
 will just help mo keep items in the papers about it, you will find 
 people who want to join. I enclose you an item that will 
 appear to-morrow in the Daily Pioneer. It is bound to be the 
 biggest order in creation, so you can feel secure in taking hold 
 of It. O. H. K. 
 
 During the last of August, I had met Col. D. A. 
 Eobertson, of St. Paul, at various times, and had 
 several conversations relative to the Order. By 
 
12^ 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 agreement, I met him, with some others, on the 
 second day of Septemher, at 2 P. M., and organ- 
 ized, on the stage of Ingersoll's Hall, St. Paul, 
 North Stab Grange, ISTo. 3. 
 
 The gentlemen in the following list of charter 
 members were present: the ladies were introduced 
 at subsequent meetings. 
 
 D. A. BoBEBTSoisr, 
 Miss Julia Wood, 
 Mrs. a. a. Dat, 
 Mrs. "Wm. Paist, 
 j. f. tostevin, 
 Wm. B. Quikn, 
 J. G. Eiheldaffer, 
 Mrs. H. J. Brain ARD, 
 J. G. Miller, 
 Mrs. C. a. Prescott, 
 Ira a. Eamsey, 
 Mrs. David Fish, 
 Wm. E. Brimhall, 
 OssiAN E. Dodge, 
 Mrs Anna Hinds, 
 
 Mrs. E. F. 
 
 Miss Bertie Eobertson, 
 Truman M. Smith, 
 Wm. Paist, 
 Miss L. Paist, 
 Miss M. Tostevin, 
 Mrs. Wm. B. Quinn. 
 H. J. Brainard, 
 Miss Addie Brainard, 
 C. A. Prescott 
 Miss Ella Prescott, 
 David Fish, 
 Samuel Mitchell, 
 Mrs. Wm. E. Brimhall, 
 Mrs. O. E. Dodge, 
 Eichard CoilBS, 
 CoiiBS. 
 
 Col. Eobertson presided at this meeting, and 
 required each one to deposit the full fee of mem- 
 bership— $5.00. From this they paid the fifteen 
 dollars for Dispensation, and started with a small 
 treasury. The Colonel was elected Master, and I 
 
125 
 
 D. A. ROBERTSON 
 
Organizing of Granges. j2^ 
 
 began to feel fis if the agony was over. Granges 
 ISTos. 1 and 2 having failed to comply with in- 
 structions, the North Star Grange was recorded 
 as ISTo. 1 on the Final Record. About the first 
 move made by the Colonel was the revision of 
 our circular, and in this I joined with much satis- 
 faction. 
 
 Office of Pioneer Printing Company, 
 St. P.\ul, Minn., September nth, 18C8. 
 Dear Brother Ireland : 
 
 I enclose you a circular which has been issued with my 
 consent, bj' some of the wide-awake Patrons in this city. They 
 have gone into the Order with the determination of making it a 
 success in this State. The ball is in motion here. Keep up your 
 courage, and send on your resolutions. 
 With kind regards to my Brothers, 
 
 Yours on the Sickle, O. H. K. 
 
 National Grange, \ 
 
 Washington, D. C, Septsmber , 1868. ) 
 
 In response to numerous inquiries in regard to the organiza- 
 tion and objects of our Order, this circular is issued. The Order 
 was organized, after much labor and preparation, by a number 
 of distinguished Agriculturists, of various States of the Union, 
 at Washington, in December, 1867, and since then has met with 
 most encouraging success, giving assurance that it will soon 
 become one of the most useful and powerful organizations in the 
 United States. Its grand object is not only general improve- 
 ment in husbandry, but to increase the general happiness, wealth 
 and prosperity of the country. It is founded upon the axioms 
 that the products of the soil comprise the basis of all wealth ; 
 
126 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 that individual happiness depends upon general prosperity, and 
 that the wealth of a country depends upon the general intelli- 
 gence and mental culture of the producing classes. The best 
 mode of securing a diffusion of knowledge, with a view to its 
 application for the increase of the products of the soil, is, there- 
 fore one of the most important questions that can be propounded, 
 and we hope to greatly facilitate its solution by the results that 
 will follow the work of this organization. 
 
 All existing popular modes of creating an interest in agricul- 
 tural and kindred pursuits have been carefully scanned and 
 studied. Agricultural fairs enlist attention, and, to a. certain 
 extent, excite competition, but it is becoming a matter of history 
 that these associations are now gradually losing their influence. 
 The noveltj' and excitement of horse-racing, and other means 
 still less commendable, are looked upon as essential to their suc- 
 cess, if not to their very existence. Clubs for mutual instruction 
 and friendly interchange of ideas, seem, also, to lose their inter- 
 est as soon as the first excitement of organization is passed. 
 Even Fruit Growers' Societies, with all their attractions, only 
 enlist a few enthusiasts, whose efforts are scarcely felt by the 
 great producing masses of the country. The incentive to the 
 formation of these societies, results from the recognition of the 
 well known principle, that unity of action is necessary to secure 
 success, but to encourage and maintain progressive success, this 
 unity must be made solid and permanent, not trivial and spas- 
 modic. 
 
 When we reflect upon the fact that certain associations have 
 stood the test of ages,— many centuries — as, for example, the 
 Masonic Order, we may well pause and ask : " In wliat docs their 
 permanency consist ? " We can find but one satisfactory answer 
 to this question, and that is in their ritual, secrecy, fraternity, 
 and mutual benefits. If, then, these arc the eflicient elements of 
 
Organizing of Granges. loy 
 
 extension, permanency and success, why not employ them for 
 the dissemination of useful knowledge, and a more general and 
 effective organization of communities engaged in rural pursuits ? 
 and this we propose, not only for their benefit, but also for the 
 increase of national wealth and power. If these arc available 
 accessories for the permanent organization of husbandmen,— all 
 other means having failed, — why not adopt them ? If a ucrct 
 organization of Husbandmen, witli an appropriate and impressive 
 ceremony of initiation, will secure fraternity, unity, efficiency, 
 discipline and permanency, — as the projectors of this Order 
 believe, — all intelligent citizens, and especially those engaged in 
 rural pursuits, will approve and sustain our enterprise, and 
 extend to the Patrons of Husbandry their unqualified approval 
 and support. 
 
 Women are admitted into our Order, as well as young persons 
 of both sexes over the age of sixteen and eighteen respectively. 
 In its proceedings a love for rural life will be encouraged, the 
 desire for excitement and amusement, so prevalent in youth, 
 will be gratified, instead of being repressed ; not, however, in 
 frivolities, as useless for the future as they are for the present, 
 but by directing attention to the wonder-workings of nature, 
 and leading the mind to enjoy and appreciate that never-ending 
 delight which follows useful studies, relating to the animal, 
 vegetable, and mineral kingdoms. 
 
 Young men are constantly being attracted to the cities from 
 the country, leaving behind them the most certain sources of 
 comfortable competence, for precarious competition in channels 
 already overflowing. There are undoubtedly good and sufficient 
 reasons for this migratory tendency: a want of attractions for the 
 mind — and the absence of organization and "■ esprit du coiys" 
 in rural pursuits. 
 
 We solicit the co-operation of woman, because of a conviction 
 
J28 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 tliat without her aid, success will be less certain and decided. 
 Much might be said in ■this connection, but every husband and 
 brother knows that where he can be accompanied by his wife or 
 sister, no lessons will be learned but those of purity and truth. 
 
 With regard to the modes of instruction adopted in the Order, 
 mention may be made of the reading of essays and of discus- 
 sions, lectures, formation of select libraries, circulation of maga- 
 zines and other publications treating directly upon the main sub- 
 jects desired, namely: those inculcating the principles governing 
 our operations in the field, orchard and garden. 
 
 The novelty of this organization, and the manner it proposes 
 of introducing a S3'stem of special education, has hitherto pre- 
 vented the originators from calling public attention to its work, 
 but the great favor with which it has been received, prompts to 
 a bolder action, satisfied that the noble purposes to which the 
 Order is dedicated, will command the respect and serious atten- 
 tion of all. 
 
 We ignore all political or religious discussions in the Order ; 
 we do not solicit the patronage of any sect, association or indi- 
 vidual, upon any grounds whatever, except ujion the intrinsic 
 merits of the Order. It needs no such jjatronage, and would not 
 be what it is if it did. 
 
 Its objects, as already indicated, are to advance education, to 
 elevate and dignify the occupation of the farmer, and to protect 
 its members against the numerous combinations by which their 
 interests are injuriously affected. 
 
 There is no association that secures so many advantages to its 
 members as this. 
 
 The Order of the Patrons of Husbandry will accomplish 
 a thorough and systematic organization among Farmers and 
 Horticulturists throughout the United States, and will secure 
 among them intimate social relations and acquaintance with each 
 
Organizing of Granges. I2g 
 
 oilier, for the advancement and elevation of their pursuits, ■with 
 an appreciation and protection of tlicir true interests. By sucli 
 means may be accomplislied that Avliicli exists througliout the 
 country in all other avocations, and among all other classes — 
 combined co-operative association for individual improvement 
 and common benefit. 
 
 In the meetings of this Order, all but members are excluded, 
 and there is in its proceedings a symbolized Ritual, pleasing, 
 beautiful and appropriate, which is designed not onl}' to cliai'm 
 the fancy, but to cultivate and enlarge the mind, and purify the 
 heart, having, at the same time, strict adaptation to rural 
 pursuits. 
 
 It is an Order in which all persons will find innocent recrea- 
 tion and valuable instruction, pecuniary profit and mutual pro- 
 tection. It is, in truth, a need long felt, and now required. 
 
 The secrecy of the Ritual, and proceedings of the Order have 
 been adopted, chiefly, for the purpose of accomplishing desired 
 efficiency, extension and unity, and to secure among its members 
 in the internal working of the Order— confidence, harmony and 
 security. 
 
 Among other advantages which may be derived from the 
 Order, can be mentioned, systematic arrangements for procuring 
 and disseminating, in the most expeditious manner, information 
 relative to crops, demand and supply, prices, markets, and trans- 
 portation throughout the country, and for the establisiiment 
 of depots for the sale of special or general products in the cities ; 
 also for the purchase and exchange of stock, seeds, and desired 
 varieties of plants and trees, and for the purpose of procuring 
 help at home or from abroad; and situations for persons seeking 
 employment ; also for ascertaining and testing the merits of 
 newly invented farming implements, and those not in general use, 
 and for detecting and exposing those that are unworthy, and for 
 9 
 
7J0 Patrons of Httsbandiy. 
 
 protecting, by all available means, the farming interests from 
 fraud and deception of every kind. 
 
 In conclusion, we desire that agricultural societies shall keep 
 step with the music of the age, and keep pace with improvements 
 in the reaping machine and steam engine. In this Order we 
 expect to accomplish these results. Every Grange is in intimate 
 relation with its neighboring Granges, and these with the State 
 Grange, and the State Granges are in unity with the National 
 Grange. Valuable information, and benefits enjoyed by one, are 
 communicated to all. The old style of Farmers' Clubs, like the 
 old sickle and flail, were very good in their day. but they are of 
 the past, and are too far behind all other enterprise in the 
 progress of civilization. Hence the necessity of (his new Order. 
 
 0. 11. Kelley, 
 Secretary of the National Orange. 
 
 It was on this circular we based the real founda- 
 tion of the Order, and on ISTorth Star Grange as tlie 
 leader in a forlorn hope. To Col. D. A. Hobertson 
 is the credit due for establishing this Grange, which, 
 up to this date, has never missed a meeting. Since 
 1869, ha^■e held two meetings regularly every 
 month. "When we seek for founders of this Order, 
 Col. Robertson must be counted in. 
 
 Itasca, Minn., September 21st, 1868. 
 Dear Brotheb McDowell : 
 
 It seems a long time since I wrote to you, and mucli 
 longer since I received a line. I have been anticipating those 
 resolutions from the National Grange, but not a word yet from 
 any of them. To-day I got a dun from the Washington printer, 
 
Organizing of Giangcs. jji 
 
 but I am getting used to these tilings. I do not know how I 
 should behave if I had no vexations. 
 
 The St. Paul Patrons have gone into the work big, — rented a 
 liall, appropriated $200 for furniture, etc., and act like human 
 beings. I enclose you a copj- of a new circular they have issued, 
 with my permission. They intend to make it an institution in 
 this State. 
 
 Do write ; I want your encouraging letters. Col. Robertson 
 offers to pay for two hundred ]\Ianuals, to be forwarded by 
 express, and I liave sent for them. Tours in haste, 
 
 o. n. K. 
 Erom JIcDowell: 
 
 Wayne, N. T., Septemher 20tt, 1808. 
 Mt Deak Brother Kbllet : 
 
 Your favor of August 26th came safely to hand, and 
 would have been answered earlier, but I have in some way 
 overlooked it. I will see that such neglect does not occur again. 
 The Constitution presents a neat and attractive appearance, and 
 reflects credit on the Pioneer Printing Companj'. 
 
 I sent funds to Saunders for the Manuals. You say you 
 received twenty; you should have received sixty. Presume the 
 balance came to hand all right. I receive, now and then, a 
 paper from you, with a kind word for the Patrons. * * * * 
 I notice what is said about its being a sort of protective union to 
 the farmers. The idea is a good one, because it is true, and cin 
 be realized. It will in time be of immense benefit to them in 
 more senses than this. 
 
 I think you are wise not to mortgage your lots. « * * 
 Be kind to thy brother — forbear with our Washington friends, 
 for they are good men and true, though it may be difficult for 
 you to see it at times. If the Order succeeds, you are the one 
 
7J-? Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 who slioukl reap the reward of service done, and I doubt not 
 tliey will be willing you should. You may, as you know, count 
 upon me tlien and now. 
 
 I regret that my business will not afford me more leisure to 
 devote to the advancement of the Patrons. I told the Duke 
 when he invested me with the authority to introduce the Degree 
 of Demeter in America, I should have but little time to devote 
 to it, but he insisted, and so the mantle descended, and I am 
 your brother in the faith, F. M. McD. 
 
 I wrote McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, October 5th, 1868. 
 
 My Dear McDowell : 
 
 Tours of 20th was received during the excitement of our 
 State Fair. I have just got home and liasten to repl}-. Have not 
 received any more Manuals, and am determined to have a new 
 edition printed at the Pioneer office, on my own account, and 
 sell them to Patrons at a small profit. I will not be bothered 
 any longer. I cannot get a reply to a single letter I send to any 
 of them at Washington. AU my reports I intend to make to 
 you, as the Priest of Demeter. If I sin in so doing, you will 
 grant absolution. 
 
 The gentlemen here interested are a class of men who will 
 not have any "tomfoolery." They have gone into the work in 
 good earnest. 
 
 If the Order succeeds, as it certainly must now, you will 
 receive at my hands more credit than you anticipate. I will 
 mail you a lot of the new circulars soon. Hundreds asked me 
 about the Order at the Fair. Granges will spring up in all 
 directions. North Star Grange intend to have regalias next 
 week. That looks like business. O. H. K. 
 
Organizing of Granges. ijj 
 
 Washington, D. C, October \st, 1868. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 You are requested to attend a special meeting of the 
 
 National Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, on Saturday afternoon, 
 
 October 3d, at 3.30 P. M., at the office of Wm. Saunders, Esq., 
 
 Four-and-a-half street, near Mississippi avenue. Business of 
 
 importance. Very respectfully, 
 
 Wm. M. Ireland, 
 
 J. R. Thompson, Esq. Acting Secretary. 
 
 Washington, October 5th, 1868. 
 Mr Dear Friend Kelley : 
 
 I have been absent in New England for five or six weeks 
 past. Upon my return, I found your favor of September 15th, 
 and I immediately went down and saw Brothers Saunders, 
 Ireland, etc., and had a meeting of the National Grange called, 
 (as you will see by the foregoing notice). 
 
 Brother Grosh was appointed to prepare resolutions to be sent 
 you, which will be done by to-morrow or next day. I hunted 
 up the songs, or procured it to be done, and I understand they 
 are now in Brother Ireland's hands to be sent to you. 
 
 The National Grange will hereafter take an active Interest in 
 your work, and respond promptly to your calls. As for me, 
 personally, I promise to answer all personal communications by 
 return of mail. 
 
 I cannot, or at least have not, elaborated anything satisfactory 
 for the Fifth Degree. Put some one else on it. Send me their 
 draft, and I will make suggestions. I will write you again 
 officially in a day or two. I can say of you, as old Newton said 
 to the committee, in regard to the expenses of his department : 
 " They have exceeded my most sanguine expectations." 
 
 In haste, on the sickle, J. K. T. 
 
IJ4- Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 From Saunders: 
 
 Washington, D. C, October 2Gt?t, 1868. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 You must be ■worn out with anxiety. I have been, and 
 still am, all the time hurried, between the two places now in my 
 charge, and the number of men I have employed. I have had 
 my hands full all the time. 
 
 We hear of your energy and success, and feel that you are 
 doing more than many others could do under the circumstances. 
 The enclosed has been delayed on account of Brother Ireland's 
 sickness, and other drawbacks. Hoping that you are well, 
 
 I am yours truly, William Saunders. 
 
 The following is the enclosure referred to : 
 
 Patrons op Husbandry, ) 
 
 National Grange, Washington, D. C- \ 
 
 At a special meeting of the National Grange, Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, held on Saturday, October 3d, 1868, the .following 
 resolutions were offered and unanimously adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That our hearts are cheered by the hearty reception 
 given to our beloved Order by the farmers and friends of Agri- 
 culture in Minnesota, and by their ready appreciation of the 
 advantages which our institution must yield to the tillers of the 
 soil and the cultivation of its fruits, in co-operating with each 
 other all over our land in securing to them the highest rewards of 
 their labors, in elevating their position in society, and improving 
 the morals, minds and social position of themselves and their 
 families. 
 
 Resolved, That our thanks are due the various editors in the 
 West who, with wise foresight, have pointed out the merits of 
 our new order, and commended it to the attention of the agricul- 
 , tural public. 
 
Organizing of Granges. ij^ 
 
 Sesolved, That we reiiewedly commend our beloved brother, 
 O. H. Kelloy, Secretary of the National Grange, to tbe kindness 
 and confidence of our friends everywhere, as one of the earliest 
 advocates of our Order, the most laborious worker in organizing 
 it, and framing and harmonizing its Ritual, and now indefati- 
 gable in extending its borders and strengthening its influence in 
 the Western States, proving himself a workman in this new and 
 important field that needeth not to be ashamed — the right man in 
 the right place. May his success be commensurate with his 
 diligence and perseverance, and the wide-spreading beneficence 
 of the Order be his abundant joy and reward. 
 
 liesoleed, That a copy of these resolutions, signed by the 
 
 Master and Secretary ]^ro tempore, be forwarded to Brother 
 
 Kelley, to be by him communicated to others interested therein, 
 
 as ho may have opportunity. 
 
 ( Extract from the Minutes.) 
 
 William Satjkdeks, 
 
 ,'"~-'-"^> Master of iTational Grange, P. of H. 
 
 \ SEAL. I 
 
 v^-r^/ Attest: William M. Ireland, 
 
 Acting Secretary. 
 
 I showed tliis to Col. Robertson, and lie said: 
 " By publishing it, there would be the appearance 
 of an Association in existence, but Ave understand 
 all about this ISTational Grange. When we see you, 
 we see all there is of it; but, of course, we know 
 the advantage of having something behind to appa- 
 rently give character to your decisions." 
 
 During October, I consulted freely with my old 
 friend, Louis E. Eishcr, Editor of the Si. Paul 
 Pioneer, and am under many obligations for advice, 
 
ij6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 which proved of great value m our progress. His 
 columns were ever open to us, while frequent 
 favorable mention, editorially, helped the cause. 
 His kindness prompts me to reciprocate at this 
 time, by honorable mention of the fact. 
 
 From Wm. Muir: 
 
 St. Louis, October Z\»t, 1868. 
 O. H. Kelley : 
 
 Silt : — I am in receipt of yours of the 19th.. » * * * 
 I have delivered quite a number of addresses, and always intro- 
 duce the "Order." I also enclose you a letter from Hannibal. 
 There is no doubt but I will be able to move the people in this 
 State. I have enlisted some of the best men, but political 
 excitement, and very hard times, stand in the way. 
 
 Yours most truly, William Muib. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 Itasca, Noz(,.nl)er 1st, 1868. 
 Mt Dear Friend McDowell : 
 
 Have delayed writing, being driven with preparing on the 
 
 farm for winter. Last night brought the Resolutions passed by 
 
 our brothers of the National Grange. I must take back some 
 
 that I have said to you as to their negligence ; at the same time, 
 
 they are more dilatory than the interests of the Order will 
 
 warrant. (It is a month since they concocted the resolutions.) 
 
 * * * If we all use printer's ink freely, the seed thus 
 
 sown will take root. 
 
 I want to pay a compliment to a niece of mine, who has taken 
 
 great interest in our progress, and was the first lady who saw the 
 
 outline of our Degrees. As Priest of Demeter, I wish you to 
 
 appoint her as Ceres in our Seventh Degree. She is well quali- 
 
Organising of Gi'angcs. ijy 
 
 fied, every way ■worthy of the position, and works faithfully for 
 the cause. The compliment will he duly appreciated, and a 
 pleasant surprise. O. H. K. 
 
 To Ireland: 
 
 Itasca, Nommber 15th, 18G8. 
 Mt Dear Bbother : 
 
 I have just written a few lines to Brother Saunders, and 
 feel anxious to hear from you. Now that the evenings are 
 getting long, I do hope you will find time to write to me occa- 
 sionally. 
 
 I want those songs. Do see Brother Thompson about them, 
 as I want to have them printed for the use of the Granges. I 
 organized Sunbeam Grange, No. 4, about five miles from here, 
 on the 2d. * * * The Patrons are beginning to 
 attract some attention, and it will not be long before there will 
 be a blaze. If I was as sanguine of heaven as I am of our final 
 success, I should be happy. Any items I send you in the papers 
 have them published, if you can. Advertise it is all that is 
 needed. 
 
 Now do please, please attend to the songs, and add to my 
 happiness. 0. H. K. 
 
 From McDowell: 
 
 Wayne, Nowmber IQth, 1868. 
 My Deab Brother Kelley : 
 
 Tours of the 1st inst., was a long time in coming; but 
 was welcome. I rejoice that the National Grange has finally 
 awakened. I have received the paper containing the resolutions. 
 * * # * You have my thanks for the zeal you have 
 displayed in our behalf, and your reward will be commensurate 
 therewith. F. M. McD. 
 
Ij8 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 Wayne, New York, Novemher Idth, 1868. 
 Brother 0. H. Kelley : 
 
 Enclosed I liand you a letter to Sister Carrie A. Hall, con- 
 taining her appointment as Ceres in the Seventh Degree, -whicli 
 I am well assured she is most worthy of. It gives me pleasure, 
 as the humble instrument of our Order, to make the appointment. 
 I have conferred this honor upon her by virtue of the authority 
 vested in me as H. P. of D., in recognition of her services to 
 our Order, and as the first woman who has taken an active 
 interest in it. Yours very traly, F. M. McDowell, 
 
 High Priest of Demeter. 
 
 The following call brought prompt replies : 
 
 Itasca, Nommler 22d, 1868. 
 To the Officers of the National Orange : 
 Mt Dear Brothers : 
 
 Each of you in Washington — officers of the National 
 Grange— are most respectfully requested by Patrons in this State 
 to mail me immediately your Photographs, that wo may have 
 them copied on one card, and the same hung in each Subordinate 
 Grange. A copy of the card will be sent to each of you when 
 published. O. H. K. 
 
 From Brother Saunders : 
 
 Washington, November 2Zd, 1868. 
 O. H. Kellet, Esq. ; 
 
 What, with superintending the two places (you would not 
 recognize our new grounds now, so much have we improved 
 them), and preparing plans of hot-houses, etc., I really have but 
 little time or inclination to write. 
 
 The enclosed letter you can answer much better than I can. 
 I have replied to it, and informed the writer that I have referred 
 it to you. 
 
Organizing of Granges. Ijp 
 
 It is exceedingly gratifj'ing to liear and learn of your success. 
 I do hope you will be able to get some position that will keep 
 the pot boihng. * * * j don't forget you, although 
 I do not write much to you. I feel that I can help you but little 
 anyhow. Wish I could. 
 
 Yours very truly, William Saundbks. 
 
 From Ireland: 
 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 Yours of 24th received. Will pass it round, and hope 
 that the photographs will be forthcoming in due time. Mine 
 shall surely be. * * * Will send the songs alonf; 
 
 next weelc ; they are all in my liands. How about tlie Annual 
 Meeting of the National Grange ? What is to be done ? I will 
 try to get those here together, provided you will send us some- 
 thing to discuss. * * * -vvm. M. Ikeland. 
 
 From A. S. Moss : 
 
 Fkedonia, N. Y., 
 0. H. Kellet, Esq.: Jfovember 2Sl7i, 18G8. 
 
 Dear Brother : 
 
 I doubt not you have had some misgivings as to my 
 fidelity, on account of my long silence. I received a note from 
 you yesterday, saying you were still alive. Glad to hear it. I 
 did receive those circulars, etc., but we still are in want of the 
 music, and the balance of the degree work for the ladies. We 
 have no Installation Ceremonies. Have any been issued? I 
 wish to lay the state of our Grange before you. It was late in 
 the season, you know, when we opened. With one exception 
 besides myself, not one of our members had ever worked in a 
 lodge room. The hurry of work came upon us, and it was 
 agreed to lay by till fall. Last evening was the first meeting 
 
i^o Patjvns of Husbajidjy. 
 
 this fall. We had six new members last night, and some good 
 material. We elected new officers, and shall go ahead. [Geo. 
 D. Hinckley was elected Master. ] 
 
 I have never had any reply from Washington. * * * 
 Now, brother, write me a letter I can read to our Grange. We 
 all want to know what has been done, what the prospects are 
 if they enter our Order, how much progress has been made, and 
 if there is any prospect that in a reasonable life-time, they will 
 see any benefits from our Order ? Another question : shall we 
 bring the women in now, or wait till we get in fair working 
 order? Give us all the light you can ; and can you not send us 
 a paper pattern of regalia? Can we get the rest of our work 
 from you, or anywhere else v * * * * 
 
 I am yours in the faith, A. S. Moss. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 Itasca, Minn., December \at, 1868. 
 My Deak Brother : 
 
 Yours of 16th received. * * We have just 
 
 returned from Princeton, where we went at the request of 
 twenty-five good and loyal Patrons, to organize a Grange, and 
 set them in motion. I am getting five Granges into good 
 working order, where "victims" can take the degrees in due 
 form, and those who have been through, say they have never 
 seen anything equal to it. I am fitting up a large room in our 
 house for a meeting of two Granges, to take place the last of 
 this month. Will have everything complete. The Order is bound 
 to be a popular institution ; do not despair. It will be a monument 
 you may feel proud of. I ask no more laudable work than to 
 establish this Order. Before long, I shall have some competent 
 men and women to aid me in organizing here, so I can visit 
 other States. I am preparing some other ceremonies, and soon 
 
Organizing of Granges. J4.1 
 
 intend to publisli a new edition of the Manual, witli all the 
 work, including Installation Ceremonies, complete. 
 
 We must go to work now forming some laws for the guidance 
 of State and Subordinate Granges. O. H. K. 
 
 To Ireland : 
 
 Itasca, December iih, 1868. 
 Mt Deak Old Friekd : 
 
 It did me good to receive your letter yesterday. I do 
 
 wish you would drop me a few lines oftener. I tell you truly, 
 
 that our Order is no child's play ; the work has gone slow, but it 
 
 shall succeed if God is willing. There shall be no lack of energy 
 
 on my part. Money is the great thing needed, want of it alone 
 
 has cramped us ; but I am getting men interested who will give 
 
 freely as soon as they see the work established in this State. I 
 
 have been and still am hard pushed for funds, but the turning 
 
 point must come soon. "It's a long lane that has no turn." Not 
 
 having heard from you (relative to them) since I sent the vouchers, 
 
 I supposed Bean's note had been paid. I have not a dollar in my 
 
 pocket now, but will have soon. We have denied ourselves in 
 
 every way to enable me to push the Order ahead. I have issued 
 
 five dispensations, four of which I have received pay for, but it 
 
 has cost me double that to set them in motion. I do not object 
 
 to that. I expect to make arrangements with a gentleman in 
 
 St. Paul next week by which I can command a few dollars, 
 
 and hope to feel easier, both in purse and mind. 
 
 North Star Grange, in St. Paul, is about to take measures to 
 
 make the Order a popular institution there, and I shall work 
 
 with them. * * * Wish I could get to Washington 
 
 this month and meet with our associates, but I must get the State 
 
 Grange organized here first. Of course you will meet on the 
 
 first Wednesday after the first Monday. I wrote to Brother 
 
 Saunders to do so, and adjourn until I send you a pile of work 
 
1^2 PatroJis of Husbandry. 
 
 to examine, -which will he abont the first of January. I am glad 
 to learn the songs are in your hands. Now do send them with- 
 out further delay, for they are waiting for them in the Granges 
 here ; besides I want to get out a new edition of the Manual and 
 have them all in it, with the ceremonies I sent to Bro. Thompson. 
 
 If you want some of these letter sheets to write on, I will mail 
 you some. I never saw such tight times as they have been with 
 me for the past eight months. Several times have postponed 
 answering letters for want of postage stamps. But I declare I 
 wont get discouraged. Pluck and perseverance must win. 
 
 I am shy about making a report, with the intention of having 
 it printed. It will bo best to make you at Washington familiar 
 with what I am doing, and leave the public report for next year, 
 when there will be something to say. 
 
 I regret that wo have not some one at work in the Eastern 
 States, but see that I must lead the way. I am adopting a 
 plan by which I can put all the charter members of a Grange 
 through the whole woik the first night I meet with them. 
 This will save a good deal of labor to me, and set them immedi- 
 ately at work. 
 
 Do write often and don't fail to send those songs immediately. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 Itasca, December lOM, 1863. 
 My Dbae Brothee : 
 
 * * * It is only a question of time when the 
 
 Order will have as strong a hold in every State of our Union, as 
 
 it is getting in Minnesota. I trust by the first of January a State 
 
 Grange will be organized here, and there is great anxiety on the 
 
 part of some good men to be members of that, and when good 
 
 material shows itself, I propose to put them into it as "Lecturers' ' 
 
 and "Deputies," so that with Masters and Past Masters we shall 
 
Organizing of Granges. i^j 
 
 have a good body of men in that branch of our Order. Among 
 people the question is asked, " what benefits are we to derive?" 
 I tell them that in every Grange there is to be kept a Blue Book 
 and a Red Book. In the former all swindling concerns they come 
 incontact with arc to be recorded, by vote of the Grange, and in- 
 formation transmitted to other Granges, by which we become a 
 secret detective and protective organization. In the Red Book 
 we record reliable establishments, and any one receiving a letter 
 of introduction by vote of a Orange, stating ho is "duly recorded 
 in the Red Book," is sure of a cordial reception. I also advocate 
 a Business Agent in each Grange, to be elected by ballot, who 
 shall keep a record of real estate, produce, stock, etc., that 
 members have for sale, and also a record of such articles as out- 
 siders wish to purchase, thereby saving our members valuable 
 time now consumed in hunting up customers for their produce. 
 We can secure discount to Granges on purchases of Books, 
 Implements, &c., offered by publishers and manufacturers, and 
 by systematic organization secure a reduction in rate of nearly 
 everything purchased. I am anxious for you to point out all 
 other advantages aside from those referred to in our last circular. 
 * * * It was a good move in bringing women into our 
 ranks. I find they are much pleased with it. I require them 
 all to wear wreaths of real or artificial flowers, as well as tUeir 
 white aprons, as part of their Regalia. They like that, you 
 know, and in the Third and Fourth Degrees, wisli them to wear 
 fancy Balmorals, and dress as Shepherdesses, Gleaners, Maids, 
 and Matrons. In fact, in those degrees they are to make it a 
 fancy dress party, and those are to be worked only once a 
 month. * * * 
 
 I am working up material for the Ceremonies in the Degrees 
 for the ladies, for they declare they will liave as much ceremony 
 as wo give the men. I am also at work on tlie Fiftli Perrree, 
 
T/j'j Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 and have submitted my manuscript to Brotlier Thompson at 
 Washington, hut I have to wait so long for any movement 
 there, I am getting out of patience. They do not comprehend 
 how much their lack of interest checks my progress. I heg you 
 to write to Brother Thompson, and tell him to hurry up. * * 
 * * We must keep up the interest, and not let it flag, if 
 we want success. I hope the time is not far distant when I can 
 do even more than now for the good of the cause. 
 
 It will encourage Brother Moss if you drop him a few lines. 
 He feels a deep interest in the work, and, judging by the letter 
 from the Secretary of Fredonia Grange, they have got good 
 material now to work with. « » * New York 
 ought to take the lead in this work, and not be outdone by the 
 backwoodsmen of Minnesota. * * * j'yg finished 
 the letter, but darned a red have I got to pay postage. It 
 would not do to let Patrons here know of our poverty, so I keep 
 a stiff upper lip. O. H. K. 
 
 To Ireland : 
 
 Itasca, December Will, 1868. 
 Mt Dbah Ireland : 
 
 I enclose you a sample of letters,* now coming in by 
 
 *The following are samples of letters we were receiving 
 during December, 18G8, which cheered us on : 
 
 MAri,E Plain, Minn., December fl(A, ISiSS. 
 COL. J. H. Stevens, Editor Farmer's Union : 
 DkakSib: 
 
 The farmers of this vicinity want to form a lodge of the 
 Patrons of Husbandry, and I don't know who to write to, and liave 
 taken the liberty to address you. We want to organize as soon as 
 possible. Let us know what the fee is, and what a lodge will cost us. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 C. T. Atwatke. 
 Referred to O. H. K. 
 
Organising of Granges. 14^ 
 
 every mail. Please show tliem to Brother Saunders and the 
 rest, and tlien mail to Brother McDowell. I want you all to see 
 that those duck eggs are liatcliing. Do something immediately 
 on that Fifth Degree. * » * I shall probably see you all once 
 more before "the enlivening influence of spring extends to all 
 creation, " for we have real bonafide work to do. Another week 
 has gone, and no songs received. For goodness sake, send them. 
 * * * I set it down that the wives and sisters of 
 Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges are entitled 
 to membership in the State Grange, and by election entitled to 
 the Fifth Degree, but until they receive that degree, liave a 
 voice but no vote. Fee of membership to the Fifth Degree, 
 not to exceed ten dollars for the females, and twenty dollars for 
 the males. 
 
 It will not be anything against your Secretary to have the 
 first State Grange in his own State. O. H. K. 
 
 Minneapolis, December 16(A, 186S. 
 Deak Brother Kelley : 
 
 Eunis N. McGlary, of Independence, called upon me this morn- 
 ing in relation to the formation of a Grange. AVrite him, and send 
 him all the papers. * » « * Also write and send papers 
 containing information, to Wm. Sleight, Rockford, Wright Co., 
 who also called in regard to an organization in that town. 
 
 Your friend, J. H. Stevens. 
 
 Princeton, Decenibei' 2jlh, 1SG8. 
 Brother Kelley: 
 
 » * * * I hope you will hurry up, so that we can get the 
 
 State Grange organized as soon as possible. It will have much to do 
 
 in getting the machinery in motion for the Subordinate Granges. 
 
 -< * * * I have Just fixed up the hall, and put in a stove at 
 
 $20 expense, to set the example for them, and have not asked any 
 
 tielp yet. Yours, in full faith, and fraternally, 
 
 C. II. Chadeourn. 
 
 10 
 
14-^ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 From Brother Moss, in reply to mine on a slicot 
 twenty-two inches by seventeen : 
 
 Fbedonia, N. T., December 18ih, 18G8. 
 WoKTHT Brother : 
 
 You have done it. Your very ■welcome letter is at luind, 
 liut I shall have to call a special session to give me time to read 
 it at one meeting. But don't be alarmed ; it is all right. It has 
 done us much good. They say a man must have a hig lieart 
 who can write such a letter. You will not be among strangers 
 if you ever come this way. * * * "\Ye had a good 
 time "Wednesday evening. Twenty-one ladies presented them- 
 selves, and received the degree of Maid. We had twenty -four 
 brothers present, and it passed off very well. If we do not get 
 as good a Grange as the rest of them, it will be because we 
 don't know how to do it, for we certainly liave good material. 
 * * * * We also want rules whereby the Worthy 
 Master can keep good order. His authority ought to be strong, 
 but subject to appeal, of course, to higher power. After working 
 awhile in different Granges, we can see what we want. Let us 
 make our Order the ne plus ultra. We can do so if we have a 
 mind to. Make everything brief, impressive, and dignified. 
 While other Orders are the symbols, we have the real. A good 
 brother said to me the other day (he is one of the brightest of 
 Masons), " Our Order will send the ' Eastern Star ' a kiting!" 
 
 A. S. Moss. 
 From Erothor Saunders : 
 
 Washington, December Bth, 1868. 
 O. H. Kelley, Esq. : 
 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 I am always glad to hear from you, although I am 
 
 too much engaged to attend to anything outside of my duties 
 
Organizing of Granges. 7/7 
 
 here. It takes all my time during the day to attend and person- 
 ally superintend all my in-door and outdoor matters, and "o'hen 
 I say that the preparation of lists for the new Arboretum has 
 already reached to one hundred and seventy-five manuscript 
 pages of writing, you may surmise that my evenings are not idly 
 spent. Besides, I am furnishing a monthly article to an archi- 
 tectural paper, on Landscape Gardening, that may probably at 
 some time form a treatise on that subject. This also takes time 
 to prepare. I am not idle, by any means, and my thoughts are 
 always upon these matters ; without they were, I could not get 
 along at all. All this by way of explaining my seeming neglect 
 to your more immediate affairs. 
 
 We have adjourned the yearly meetin:; for a time. 
 
 I have not sent anything to your children. The weather is 
 really too cold now. * * * i enclose a note just 
 received. I have sent her a copy of Manual and Circular, &c. 
 You can write if you think best. I enclose you a photograph. 
 You may recollect that I have not got a copy of yours. 
 
 Yours truly, William Saundees. 
 
 From Brother Ireland : 
 
 Washington, D. C, December lOtlt, 18G8. 
 Dbae Kellet ■ 
 
 Herewith I enclose you one copy of each of the songs I 
 received from the Committee. They were selected by Brother 
 Grosh, I believe. As to their fitness, and the place they should 
 occupy in the Ritual, you will have to be judge. It occurs to 
 me that some of them would sound very well. I will retain the 
 other copies for future use. When you make the final selection 
 and arrangement, and get a new edition of the Manual printed, 
 send me a few copies for distribution to our fraters. Always glad 
 to hear from you. Hastily yours, W. M. Ireland. 
 
1^8 Patrojis of Husbandly. 
 
 Upon examination of the seven songs received, 
 as above mentioned, we found ourselves as bad off 
 as before, and Miss Hall commenced in riglit good 
 earnest, to get up something suitable. One of our 
 brothers in St. Paul (Brother A. B. Curry) com- 
 posed two, and had the same printed on a card 
 for ISTorth Star Grange. She added others, from 
 time to time, until the first song book was issued. 
 
 Itasca, Decemler 2ith, 1868. 
 To the National Orange, P. of E. : 
 
 Worthy Master, and Worthy Acting Secretary, 
 WasJiingion, D. O. : 
 
 It is ■with feelings of deep obligations to our -worthy 
 Brother, Col. D. A. Robertson, Past Master of North Star Grange, 
 St. Paul, that I ask you to confer upon him the appointment of 
 Lecturer or Special Deputy, entitling him to a seat and vote in 
 the National Grange. He has been active and foremost in intro- 
 ducing the Order, and will in a few days issue a new Magazine 
 to be devoted to the interests of our Order. It will be the organ 
 in our State. He is widely known as a prominent Horticulturist. 
 He is enthusiastic in our cause — a scholar and a gentleman. I 
 trust you will make no delay in complying with this request, but 
 send him the appointment duly signed and sealed. * * * 
 Now here is one idea, to have some competent person get up a 
 lecture upon the " Insect World." Let him have It highly illus- 
 trated by a splendid panorama ; represent the bugs as magnified, 
 the leaves they live upon, etc., or any other subject of Natural 
 History. Give him as a Lecturer a stated salary, and oblige him 
 to visit every Grange in a State. The Grange advertises his 
 coming, and makes an angements. Sell tickets at ten cents each. 
 
Organizing of Granges. i^g 
 
 * * * These illustrated lectures will be instructive and 
 popular, and the low price of admission will bring in everybody. 
 They will be "Lectures for the people," or "Lectures for the 
 million," and help educate the masses. 
 
 I sent to Brother Thompson, two months ago, to see Cunning- 
 ham, the printer, and have him send two hundred copies of the 
 Manual, C. O. D., provided he would put them in at seven 
 cents apiece. I hear nothing from them, and am out of Manuals, 
 with five applications for Granges on hand. I am stuck, you see. 
 Yours iu haste, O. H. K. 
 
 From Brother Bartlett: 
 
 North Madison, Ohio, December 2ifh, 18G8. 
 
 Dear Brother Kellet : 
 
 Enclosed please find short lecture, as you requested, on 
 
 Tools of Fifth Degree. I wish they were better, but such as 
 
 they are you are quite welcome to. * * * j think I 
 
 shall organize a Grange soon, and am trying to post myself in 
 
 the degree work. Fraternally, 
 
 A. Bartlett. 
 
 From Brother McDowell : 
 
 IIoRNELLSViLLE, K. Y., December 28t7i, 18C8. 
 My Dear Kelley ; 
 
 * * * I am delighted with the progress you are 
 making in the glorious work, and have only words of praise for 
 you ; to be sure they will not aid j-ou in your work, but kind 
 words gladden the heart, and it needs gladdening often to aid it 
 in successfully overcoming the numerous obstacles which must 
 beset your path at every turn. I received a very nice note from 
 Miss Carrie Hall, thanking me for the honor conferred upon her, 
 &c., for which I remain obliged. If one can judge from a letter, 
 
/JO Patiwts of Husbandly. 
 
 I should say you have a valuable assistant, and the Order a most 
 valuable Ceres in Miss Carrie. * * * 
 
 The Blue Book and the Red Book idea is a good one ; also the 
 Business Agent for each Grange. All this machinery cannot be 
 put in motion till we are more advanced in organizing, and when 
 we are thus advanced, the National Grange must have a pro- 
 tracted sitting to enable it to comply with the demands and 
 necessities of the Subordinate Granges. * -^ * 
 
 F. M. McDowell. 
 
 Closing of the Yeah 1868. 
 
 I cannot do bettor than add one more letter, 
 which had been misdirected, and did not reach mo 
 until December 31st : 
 
 Washington, D. C. , December 2d, 1868. 
 Sir; 
 
 We beg to call your attention to the fact that our bill for 
 
 printing Rituals, &c., has never been paid. We are in urgent 
 need of the money, and cannot longer do without it. The in- 
 debtedness having been contracted by you, we of course hold you 
 personally responsible, and must draw on you next week for the 
 amount. Please protect the draft. 
 
 Very truly, &c., CuNNiNGnAM & McIktosh. 
 O. H. Kellet, Esq., Itasca, Minn. 
 
 I do not believe I felt as merry over the letter 
 then as I do now in copj'ing it. The draft never 
 reached me, and it was fortunate, for had such a 
 ghost put in an appearance at that time, it would 
 have blown the National Grange into atoms, and 
 
Organizing of Gtangcs. i§i 
 
 created a new Xational body in Minnesota. I could 
 not have paid it during December, and had it gone 
 to protest, our poverty would have been exposed. 
 
 Miss Hall and myself took particular notice of 
 the lines: '■^ The indebtedness having been contracted 
 bi/ you, ice of course hold you personally responsible." 
 This fixed in our minds the fact, that whatever we 
 should do, and whatever debts we might contract 
 for the JSTational Grange, until it should be perma- 
 ijcntly organized according to the Constitution, we 
 should be wholly responsible. We decided to act 
 accordingly, as if it were our own exclusive business. 
 
 The eventful year closed, and the last scene in 
 my imagination was the tableau of one struggling 
 almost against hope, while a kind friend, like a 
 fairy, Avas pointing with her finger at these words, 
 charmingly radiant with sunset hues on fleecy 
 clouds: "The diligent man shall prosper; he shall 
 stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean 
 men." 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 ENCOURAGING PROSPECTS. 
 
 *HIS begins another chapter of facts in our 
 growth. From October, 18G8, to February, 
 1869, 1 was fortunate enougli to receive some small 
 returns from an old investment, which proved of 
 great value to me under the circumstances. Though 
 it might be considered as strictly personal and pri- 
 vate, I made free use of it for the good of the Order. 
 Aid from any and every source was acceptable, and 
 my most intimate friends in Alinnesota will give me 
 credit for no lack of modesty in asking for it. I 
 spent every dollar of my own, and every one anv- 
 body else would let me have. Success emboldens 
 one — it overcame my natural modesty. 
 
 January 4th, 1869, 1 took the train from Minne- 
 apolis, and soon found myself at Maple Plain, a new 
 station on the St. P. & P. E. R. A dozen houses, 
 put up during the fall and winter — none finished — 
 scattered among the trees and stumps; streets iu 
 embryo, and foot paths across lots, gives an idea of 
 
Encouraging Prospects. /jj 
 
 the place. Every western man knows just how 
 a new town in the timber appears, and can imagine 
 this one as it opened to me when I stood on the 
 platform of the station. Being the only stranger 
 that left the train, the Depot Master recognized me 
 as one to he taken under his protection, and I soon 
 found he was Brother Atwater, with whom I had 
 been corresponding. In the evening, we met in his 
 house, the folloAving named persons being present : 
 
 J. B. Perkins, A. P. Bills, 
 
 I. Atwatee, O. p. Ceiglee, 
 
 Wji. Budd, F. S. Coffin, 
 
 P. Bills, J. E. Jenks, 
 
 WiLLBURY PURCELL, MRS. I. AtWATER, 
 
 Mes. p. a. Jenks, Maby Peekins, 
 
 Mes. J. Bills. 
 
 Facilities for conferring the degrees were not 
 extra, tlie room being an ordinary sized living room, 
 12x16, in which was a cook stove, bed, and other 
 furniture. We did the best we could, and with 
 determined people you know that amounts to suc- 
 cess. They were satisfied and well pleased. They 
 had commenced fitting up a hall a week previous, 
 but had not got it completed for this meeting. 
 
 On returning home from this trip, I felt strong, 
 for others were now working, as well as myself; I 
 was looking up some good men for deputies. I 
 
75^ Patrons of Ihisbandiy. 
 
 found a number of letters asking for information, 
 and some where they were readj- to organize. E^'cr}■ 
 letter had to be answered at length, and most of the 
 letters we then wrote were from two or four pages 
 letter sheet. 
 
 I wrote the following to McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., January Will, 18G9. 
 My Dear Phiest of Dembter : 
 
 The work is crowding me. Your letter came duly to liand, 
 but I have been away on work of the Order for several days. 
 
 I hope 3'ou will go to Washington and stir up Brothers Ireland 
 and Thompson. Brother Saunders is so driven with his own 
 business that he cannot give any attention to the Order. Brothers 
 I. and T. ought to give some attention to the matters I have 
 sent them, as their delay is delaying me. If they expect me to 
 pay the debt incurred in setting the Order on foot they ought 
 certainly lielp me to push the work ahead that I may get means 
 to pay with. I want j^ou to go there and spend a week ; examine 
 all the letters I have sent, and digest the numerous suggestions I 
 have made to them, and see that I get some immediate, definite 
 replies. I sent you several letters in my last ; I enclose you more 
 in this. 
 
 By the great Horn-Spoon, if any of you have a doubt about the 
 Patrons, come to ]\Iinnesota and see for j-ourselves. * * * 
 You are right about Miss Carrie being a valuable assistant ; this 
 Order would never have been introduced by me had it not been 
 for her. 
 
 Here is an emblem of the Patrons. These are hung up over 
 Ceres in all the Granges I organize. I am preparing an extra- 
 ordinary lecture, which is neat and appropriate. The letters are 
 
Encoitraging Prospects. 755 
 
 emblematic of the Almightj-— the Earth— the Ark, and tlie Egg. 
 Thu meaning will tempt you to study beyond the date of the 
 Eleusinian Mysteries. 
 
 As to Lecturers and Deputies in the Slate Granges, no man 
 ■will be put there by me unless he proves an efHcient worker, .ind 
 gives us aid, either in funds or actual labor. » * * 
 
 I shall certainly try to visit Fredonia and Wayne before Spring. 
 I need personal counsel from you and Brother Moss. * * * 
 
 O. II. K. 
 
 I wrote next day to McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., January \%th, 1868. 
 Dear Brother McDowell : 
 
 I have now a number of applications for Granges in this 
 State, but am delayed, waiting for Manuals from "Washington, 
 which I sent for last October. I sent to the printer, ten days 
 ago, to send them by express C. O. D. I esi)ect them this week. 
 I hope you will go to Washington, and if you do, please put the 
 seals on 25 or 30 Dispensations, and get Brother Saunders to 
 sign them. As soon as I get those Granges established, I shall 
 be enabled to forward funds to pay the debts due in Washington, 
 and perhaps have a few dollars left, as a renumeration for my 
 past year's labors in the cause — but that don't trouble me. 
 
 We have a big work before us, and a fire is now kindled that 
 will burn in this country for all time, and some of us must give 
 our attention to it. * * * I must have 3,000 more Consti- 
 tutions printed, having sent out the second edition of one thousand. 
 Am spending every dollar I can raise for the good of the cause. 
 
 Sure of success. Yours fraternallj', 
 
 O. II. Kelley. 
 
1^6 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 From Saunders to Ireland : 
 
 Washington, January 13ift, 1869. 
 BuoTHEK Ireland : 
 
 My Deab Sik : 
 
 Is it not about time that the National Grange held 
 
 their yearly meeting ? I am weekly receiving letters about the 
 
 Order, asking for information, 'which it is quite reasonable to 
 
 supijose I possess, but of which I really know nothing. 
 
 Besides, I cannot attend to them. I am in great tribulation 
 about it ; it is extremely irksome to me to have placed myself in 
 a position that I cannot begin to fill. I must get out of it. My 
 time — days and evenings — is all employed. It is simply impossi- 
 ble for me, as at present situated, to attend to the Patrons as I 
 ought. Therefore, I can only get rid of the position at once. 
 
 I enclose a batch of extracts received from Mr. McDowell. 
 Kelley is doing well, and the Order will extend — of that I have 
 no doubts whatever — therefore it is highly wrong in me to keep 
 the position in it I now have. 
 
 Yours faithfully, Wm. Saunders. 
 
 RocKPORD, Minn., January Wth, 18G9. 
 O. H. Kellet : 
 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 The citizens of this place, members of the Crow 
 Biver Agricultural Society, met last evening and voted unani- 
 mously to change the present organization into a Grange of 
 the Patrons of Husbandry. There will be thirty-five charter 
 members ; perhaps more. The officers will go to Maple Plain 
 to-morrow (Wednesday) evening, to be initiated. * * » 
 The society is one of the oldest working societies in the State, and 
 have some money in their Treasury. 
 
 Fratcrnallj' yours, D. R. Farniiam. 
 
G. W. THOMPSON. 
 
 JOHN COCHRANE. 
 
 1,J7 D. R. FARNUm, 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 757 
 
 To McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., January IGth, 18G9. 
 Dear Brothee McDowbll . 
 
 Your welcome letter of lltli received ; am still -without 
 advices from Washington. * * * I do not feel at 
 liberty to be running this thing without counsel. I have no 
 ambition to be the great "I Am " in it, but merely one of the 
 chosen spirits in what I deem a great and glorious work. * * 
 Now that the clouds are scattering, and the sun of prosperity 
 sends its invigorating rays to cheer me on — thanks to a liberal use 
 of printer's ink — I would very much like a little of their counsel, 
 but do not get it. * * * It is not the agricultural 
 journals that we "wish to enlist, but the village editors ; there is 
 where our strength lies. For instance, in Minnesota we have 
 over four hundred thousand inhabitants. One agricultural paper 
 (monthly) that has seven thousand subscribers. We have fifty-one 
 daily and weekly papers, with, say fifty thousand subscribers. 
 Now what is all the influence of this agricultural paper, once a 
 month, compared with the local press? Among our members 
 here, probably tliree-fourths of them never see an agricultural 
 paper ; hence, go for the local papers. I do not let a week go by 
 without having items in from six to twenty papers, and propose 
 to "deadhead" every editor in this State. Give me printer's 
 ink and I can control public sentiment on this continent. That's 
 the power the Patrons want, which, with female influence, is to 
 make the Order a success. * # * Every dollar I have 
 received yet from the Order has gone to defray expenses in get- 
 ting it in motion, and it has not yet paid half the expense ; but 
 funds will soon come. * * * xjse printer's ink at 
 every chance. O. II. K. 
 
 From Thomas T. Smith : 
 
/jc? Patrons of IJiisliaudiy. 
 
 St. Patjl, Minn., January 16tt, 18G9. 
 O . II. Kellet : 
 
 WoETiiT Brothfr : 
 
 Wc have elected the following list of officers for tliQ 
 
 current year : 
 
 Master, - William Paist. 
 
 Lecturer, • - - T. M. Smith. 
 
 Overseer, - C. A. Peescott. 
 
 Steward, Julian H. Gates. 
 
 Assistant Steward, - - Lokenzo Hoytt. 
 
 Treasurer, - H. J. Beainard. 
 
 Beeretary, - - - . Thomas T. Smith. 
 
 Oate Keei>er, - - David Fish. 
 
 Ceres, - Mes. Wm. Paist. 
 
 Pomona, - Miss AobiE Brainaed. 
 
 Flora, - - - Mrs. Julian H. Gates. 
 
 Ladi/ Steward, - Mrs. Wm. E. Bhimiiall. 
 
 We had a pleasant meeting j'csterday, at wliicli time, under a 
 special case, we conferred all four degrees. We have now raised 
 all our members to the Fourth Degree. We have nine petitions 
 on file. 
 
 Our next meeting, a special, to be held on Friday, January 
 29th, at 10 A. M., a Banquet meeting to be held for the purpose 
 of giving the persons who attend the State Horticultural Society 
 an opportunity of joining us and also the conferring of all degrees, 
 to enable them to organize when they go home. 
 
 Yours, T. T. Smith, 
 
 Secretary North Star Grange. 
 
 rrom C. I. Atwater : 
 
 Maple Plain, Minn., January 21st, 1869. 
 Deau Brother Kelley : 
 
 Rockford Grange is doing well and I expect they will 
 organize one at Long Lake next week. Maple Plain set the ball 
 
WILtJAM PAIST. 
 
Encouraging Prospects. /jp 
 
 in moUon in Uie Big Woods, andtlicrc is no use trying to stop it. 
 Everybody is bound to be a Patron. 
 
 We are getting so we can put candidates over tlio road very 
 lively. * * ■* "vy-g )iave invited the Rockford Grange 
 to the installation here. We should be very happy to have you 
 bring your daughter with you. You are both welcome to the 
 best we have up here in the woods. Accept kind regards of 
 Maple Grange. Your friend and brother, 
 
 C. I. Atwater. 
 
 A few such letters were enough to send me "up 
 in a balloon" influted with seventy pounds of pure 
 joy to the square inch. In both of these Granges 
 I knew every member felt as deep an interest 
 in the progress as I could desire. Of course, 
 Ave accepted the invitation, and had a delightful 
 evening at ]\Iaple Plain. At eleven o'clock at night 
 we wrapped up in robes, and, behind a lively span 
 of ponies, driven by Bro. Sleight, started for Rock- 
 ford, where, the next afternoon, we were to install 
 the officers, and instruct the Eockford Grange. 
 
 The mercury that night was twenty degrees bcloio 
 zero — the sleighing splendid. By Avay of variety, 
 just as "\ve were crossing a culvert. Brother Sleight 
 missed the track, and very handsomely turned the 
 sleigh over the embankment, AA'hilo my daughter 
 and mj'self rolled in the snow two feet deep. It 
 Avas half an hour or more before A\e got started 
 ao'ain. Of course Ave had some little snoAV in our 
 
i6o Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 clothes and up the sleeves. It doesn't take much to 
 cool one under such circumstances. At the end of 
 ahout two hours we reached our destination. The 
 cool sensation of that night's ride even now creeps 
 over me. 
 
 To McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., January 23d, 18G9. 
 My Deah McDowell : 
 
 Yours of the 18th at hand. I have received from the 
 
 printers at Washington 150 Manuals, and paid for the same. 
 
 The labors of my office are pressing me so hard, and I have to 
 
 be from home so much, it has become necessary for me to 
 
 formally appoint an assistant. My selection is one in whom we 
 
 all can place confidence, and who will be prompt in fulfilling the 
 
 duties incumbent upon an assistant. * * * O. H. K. 
 
 From Saunders : 
 
 ■Washington, D. C, January 23(Z, 1869. 
 WoRTHT Brotheb Kellet : 
 
 Every day adds to my anxiety to be relieved from the 
 Mastership of the Order ; not that I have any reason to doubt its 
 success, — that I think you have fairly established — ^but because I 
 cannot possibly give it the attention I ought, and feel in duty 
 bound to do. "With the amount of work before me this spring, I 
 feel that I will be overwhelmed with duties. I wish that Mr. 
 McDowell could be prevailed upon to accept, he would be a 
 grand Master in every sense of the term. 
 
 I will spend ten dollars in Manuals for you in the course of a 
 few days, if all goes well, and always hope to help, but no one 
 
Encouraging Prospects. i6i 
 
 knowing what I have to attend to now between the two places 
 would hestitate in concluding that my hands are full. 
 
 I sent twenty-five charters a few days ago. Some effort must 
 be made to get you in Western New York; they are ripe there. 
 I am yours in a hurry, Wm. Sadnders. 
 
 From J. R. Thompson : 
 
 Washington, D. C, January 25t7i, 18G9. 
 Brother Kelley : 
 
 * * * Yesterday Brother McDowell dropped in 
 upon us, and the National Grange was at once convened in 
 special and extraordinary session, upon which occasion we 
 joined hands over the Altar of Husbandry, and vowed a vow 
 unto Ceres, Flora, Pomona, and all the rest of the Goddesses, 
 that we would rekindle the fires of our zeal and devotion, and 
 that henceforth, whatsoever our hands findeth to do, that we 
 will do with our might. 
 
 Saunders has taken the two ladies' degrees in hand, and 
 promises to return them to me, with his suggestions, by Monday 
 next. 
 
 Meantime, Brother Grosh and I have taken upon ourselves 
 to write up and send you the Fifth Degree by the middle of 
 next week, so that you can have them all in hand by the 6th 
 day of February. * » * More anon, and soon. 
 Yours, J. K. Thompson. 
 
 This "extraordinary" meeting embraced Bros. 
 ■McDowell, Grosh, Thompson and Saunders. The 
 letter of Brother Thompson gives the outline of 
 the business, and I put it on record as one of the 
 meetings of the ISTational Grange. 
 11 
 
i62 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 From Doctor Trimble to Brother McDowell: 
 
 Washinqton, D. C, January 29(7t, 1869. 
 Bkothek McDowell : 
 
 I write hastily to express my regret that I did not have 
 the pleasure of calling on you while here. It was impossible 
 for me to be at the meeting, for I had an appointment that 
 could not be postponed, and I supposed you would remain over 
 at least to-day. Thompson gives me glorious accounts of the 
 Order, and it did my heart good, although I am a "wet 
 blanket." Has a "wet blanket" a heart? Ask Kelley? 
 Give him my kind regards, and tell him that although he is an 
 engine with too much steam on all the time, yet, with McDowell 
 as the " governor," I don't think the boiler will burst. 
 
 Tours hastily, John Teimble, Jk. 
 
 From McDowell : 
 
 New York, January 3pii, 1869. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 Yours of the 25th, with enclosures, came duly to hand. 
 
 I have this moment returned from Washington, and have on;y 
 
 time to say that I think things will be more satisfactory there in 
 
 future. You will get the Fifth Degree from Thompson soon, 
 
 and your letters will receive attention. They believe in you at 
 
 "Washington. Yours in haste, F. M. McDowell. 
 
 Itasca, February 15!/i, 1869. 
 Dear Brother McDowell : 
 
 I have just returned from a tramp of ten days, organizing 
 and stirring up the farmers. Most too tired to write, but must 
 make the attempt to answer yours of the 6th. I will try to meet 
 you iu Chicago. Sorry you cannot be here on the 23d. * * 
 
Encouraging Prospects. j6j 
 
 Tlicro is a bio; thing under all this work, and it is going to 
 require a good deal of judgment to carry it ahead right. 
 
 St. Paul, IQlh.—On reaching home, I found an application 
 from Long Lake, asking to have officers installed ; theref<jre I 
 left home this A. M., for that purpose. On reaching here I find 
 myself hardly able to sit up, but must go. I am worried almost 
 to death about my home. I agreed to commence making pay- 
 ments last season, so as to take up the old mortgage father gave 
 several years ago, but have not made a payment yet. * * * 
 If my mind was free from this anxiety, I could work with greater 
 satisfaction. O. H. K. 
 
 From Doctor Trimble : 
 
 Washington, February \Wi, 1809. 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 Don't throw up your hat when you see a letter from the 
 
 "wet blanket." I suppose I ought to apologize for writing to 
 
 you ; but the fact is, Thompson has been boring me to help him 
 
 get up a " degree, " and I concluded I would " bore " you in 
 
 return. I made a very hberal offer to him, to find any amount of 
 
 fault with anything he wrote, but he don't seem to appreciate 
 
 the value of the offer. I understand that you intend to establish 
 
 the State Grange on the 22d of February. I hope you will have 
 
 a pleasant time. I am very patiently waiting the time when I 
 
 can say, " Didn't I tell you we would succeed." Please hurry up 
 
 the happy event. * « * 
 
 Yours faithfully, &c., John Tbimele, Jb. 
 
 From A. S. Moss: 
 
 Fredonia, N. Y., February Hth, 1869. 
 Dear Brother Keli.ey : 
 
 * * * I have at last succeeded in getting that 
 article in the Country Oentleman. I sent it a long time ago, 
 
i6^ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 and made it short, for the reason I was afraid they would cut it 
 short or reject it, if too long. * * * 
 
 Our Grange is going along very well. We made a mistake in 
 letting members in to start at a fee below the minimum, but we 
 are getting underway now. "We have a most excellent Worthy 
 Master, 6. D. Hinckley. If all the Granges could have the aid 
 of such men, they would soon be a power. 
 
 I am fraternally yours, A. S. Moss. 
 
 General Wm. Duane Wilson was duly initiated 
 in Harvest Grange, "Washington, in March, 1868. 
 At the time, it was his intention to return to Iowa, 
 and he received an appointment as General Deputy 
 for that State. Anxious to have laborers in the 
 field organizing, I wrote him on the 8th of Feb- 
 ruary, and he replied: 
 
 Washington, D. C, February IQtJi, 1869. 
 My Dear Kellet : 
 
 Although I have delayed answering yours of the 8th, do 
 not think me lukewarm in the good cause of the Patrons of 
 Husbandry. I have been urging up the National Grange to 
 complete the work so as to enable me to go to work understand- 
 ingly. Mr. Thompson says all will be ready for me by the 1st 
 of April, when I will leave immediately for Iowa, and within 
 six weeks I shall have a sufBcient number of Granges established 
 to form a State Grange. Then we will need you to open it and 
 give instructions, &c. * * * 
 
 My heart has been with you always in your good work, and 
 now I hope to add my co-operation, pay or no pay. I want you 
 to send me the By-Laws of North Star Grange, and if you have 
 
jfi5 
 
 WM. DUANE WILSON. 
 
Encouragmg Pjvspects. i6^ 
 
 time, the plan you follow in introducing the Order at tlic several 
 points where you have established Granges. I want to hear 
 from you as often as possible. 
 
 I remain your friend and brother, 
 
 Wm. Ddanb Wilson. 
 
 In St. Paul I had secured the services of A. B. 
 Curry as a Deputy, and he had the pleasure of 
 reporting, Fehruary 20th, Kalmar Grange, ISTo. 9, 
 at Byron, in Olmstead County. This gave us six 
 new Granges since January 1st. I had sent notices 
 to each Subordinate Master, and had appointed 
 several good men as Special Deputies, expressly to 
 bring them into the State Grange, that we might 
 have their counsel and advice in getting properly 
 started, and on February 23d, 1869, we organized 
 the State Grange of Minnesota. 
 
 I wrote to ISlcDowell : 
 
 St. Paul, February 2ith, 1869. 
 Brother McDowell : 
 
 * » * * A big success. Two days have 
 
 representatives from eleven Subordinate Granges been in session 
 here. They have just finished and adopted a code of laws for 
 the State— established an organ of the Order for this State,— and 
 to-night are the guests of North Star Grange. With the Depu- 
 ties, we had eighteen in all. Some of these Masters have come 
 over one hundred miles, at their own expense, and every one of 
 them goes home satisfied that the "Patrons" is the greatest 
 institution of the age. 
 I wish you could have been here to sec with what deep inter- 
 
i66 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 est and unanimity they conducted tlie work. It seems more 
 like a dream tlian a reality. In formally turning tlie work of 
 the State over to the Slate Grange, I delivered a kind of message 
 of some twenty pages fool's cap, presenting suggestions, and 
 embracing ideas that have occurred to my mind since we com- 
 menced the work. * * * It was encouraging I assure you. I 
 would not Lave 3'ou think me egotistical, but I know you 
 will be pleased tliat my eflorts have met approval. 
 
 Deputies must have some remuneration, and I have decided 
 that on organizing a Grange, they shall not receive more tlian 
 thirty charter members, half the number to be females, and not 
 less than fifteen charter members. These are to pay the f 15 for 
 Dispensation, and also the State Grange Fee ; so that when one 
 organizes a Grange of thirty, he receives for his services $23.50, 
 and pays to the National Grange $15 for Dispensation. « * * 
 
 The Order is now all right, and you will live to see the day 
 the interest you have taken in it shall bring you honor. » * * 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 The officers of the State Grange elected at that 
 meeting, were as follows : 
 
 Maxler, - . . - . Teuman M. Smith. 
 Lecturer, - - - D. A Robertsok. 
 
 Overseer, .... - Alex. Young, 
 Steward, - - - Jesse Twist. 
 
 Assistant Sieward, , .. C. H. Chabboitrne. 
 
 Chaplain, . - . . William Sleight. 
 
 Treasurer, . - - . . John B. Perkins. 
 Secretary, - - - William Paist. 
 
 Gate Keeper, - - - - F. S. Coffin. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 Itasca, February ZWi, 1869. 
 Deak McDowbll : 
 
 Here I am home again; just by the skin of my teeth, 
 
Encouraging Prospects. iCj 
 
 however, for part of the train I -was on this morning -was thrown 
 from the track, and the car in which I was seated came to a 
 stiind, with one end in a ditch and the other up in the air. 
 I was in the up end, of course. Fortunately no one was injured, 
 al hough the baggage and express car was thrown completely 
 o'i er. A broken rail the cause. 
 
 Well now to business. The State Grange suggests as follows : 
 and the same I have submitted to the Washington brothers. 
 By the constitution (Organization) the Fifth Degree comprises 
 Misters and Past Masters, and these are the State Grange. Now 
 it Is proposed that the State Grange shall have full control of the 
 Fi ilh Degree, and alone confer it ; 3'ct the business of the State 
 Grange to be distinct from the degree, so that the Fifth may be 
 coiiferred for a fee of $15 on men and $5 on women, under cer- 
 tain conditions ; $5 of the male fee and $1 of the female, to go to 
 Vai National Grange. 
 
 Masters and Past Masters and their ladies,* of Subordinate 
 Granges to receive the degree gratuitous, provided they can pass 
 an examination, and show themselves perfectly familiar with the 
 entire work of a Subordinate Grange. 
 
 There is a great desire on the part of men and women of means, 
 now connecting themselves with the Order, to get all the degrees 
 up to and including the Seventh, and all can thus be opened to 
 them as we get ready, making the fees for the Sixth, $25, and 
 for the Seventh Degree, $50. This will enable us to have an 
 increasing fund all the time, of which you see the need as well 
 as myself, for the dues from the Subordinate Granges may and 
 will be sufficient to support the State Grange, yet there will be 
 but a small amount going to the National. * * * 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 *Some of the Masters being single men. 
 
i68 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 To* McDowell: 
 
 Itasca, March \st, 18G9. 
 My Dear McDowell : 
 
 At the State Grange it was suggested that the different 
 
 Suhordinate Granges lease flouring mills in their respective 
 
 localities, and flour tlieir own wheat, keeping the bran and 
 
 shorts for feed, and not send any raw material into the Eastern 
 
 market, but instead, appoint a business agent at St. Paul, who 
 
 should receive the flour and ship it to the agent in New Yorlv 
 
 city, who shall sell it on commission. <- * * Novf 
 
 who will be the agent the National Grange will appoint to 
 
 receive it? He must be a man who will be reliable in every 
 
 respect, and thereby give the Order character, for if the plan 
 
 should prove feasible, and the first movement be a success, we 
 
 are made ; if otherwise, our ruin is sure. Here is vv'here we 
 
 want reliable business men, with capital who can advance on 
 
 such consignments. Who shall they be ? 
 
 There are articles the Subordinate Granges will wish to pur- 
 chase in the East, and the same agents can get them, so our 
 members may save some of the profits that now go to the 
 dealers here. * * » 
 
 I hope to meet you, with Brother Moss, at Fredonia, and then 
 go with me to Washington and spend three days there. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 From McDowell: 
 
 Wayne, N. Y., March 5lh, 1869. 
 Mt Dear Brother Kellet : 
 
 Yours of 24th of February, from St. Faul, is at hand. I 
 am sorry it could not be that we could meet and review the past, 
 canvass the present, and map out the future ; for the future must 
 be laid out, and we must do it ; if not now, soon at least. It 
 just occurs to mc to ask if you saw Ireland when he was west. 
 
Ejicouraging Prospects. l6g 
 
 and if so, what came of it? He said ulicn I saw liim tliat ho 
 would go and see you. I did not see Dr. Trimble when I was 
 in Washington. * * » 
 
 So the Patrons area "big success." Well, all I can say is, 
 you have done a big work. "Well done, good and faithful 
 servant." * * * F. M. McD. 
 
 To McDowell : 
 
 St. Paul, March UU, 1869. 
 Mt Dear McDowell : 
 
 * * * I am introducing a S3'stem of work for 
 
 special deputies, and as soon as I find the right kind of men, I 
 
 set them at work to organize. » « * i hope to start 
 
 for Wayne via Fredonia, N. Y., in about two weeks, if I can 
 
 "raise the wind." 
 
 I enclose your brother's appointment as a General Deputy, by 
 
 which he becomes a member of the National Grange. We need 
 
 such advisers. * * * O. H. K. 
 
 To McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, March nth, 18G9. 
 Deab McDowell : 
 
 Tours of 5th received. I have just returned from Monti- 
 cello, where I organized another Grange last night, with my old 
 friend, Sam. E. Adams, as Master. 
 
 I have neither seen nor heard from Ireland for months, though 
 I have written and sent valuable matter to him, which should 
 have been returned to me long ago. Tliis dilatory work is 
 putting me back, and it is evident some of us must get together 
 as soon as possible, and make diflferent arrangements, else we 
 shall bo in a snarl. 
 
 My photograph, the very first I ever had taken, is done ; will 
 bring it to you as well as my regalia. * * * 0. H. K. 
 
ijo Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Erom McDowell: 
 
 Wayne, Steuben Co., N. Y., ) 
 March 9tt, 1869. ) 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 Tours of February 27tli and March 1st came by same 
 
 mail. * * * I notice what you say about the State 
 
 Grange to have control of the Fifth Degree. I see no objections 
 
 to it at this moment, but it is a matter of much importance, and 
 
 should be thoroughly discussed in Council, before being decided 
 
 upon. We ■will discuss the matter when you come East ; but I 
 
 think it is more than doubtful if I am able to leave to go on to 
 
 Washington, as we are very busy preparing for the work of the 
 
 year on the farm and vineyards. # * * Now in 
 
 relation to the flouring mill and commission idea. My dear 
 
 brother, ihu is a matter fraught with much good or evil — not 
 
 only for individual Patrons, but to the Order itself, and for the 
 
 present I should do nothing but discourage it, or at least take it on 
 
 thought. A failure here would be ruin, and we cannot afford to 
 
 take any such risk. * * * F. M. McDowell. 
 
 The organization of the State Grange of Minne- 
 sota, and North Star Grange, gave to our Order 
 some good men and women. Among these Avere 
 Col. D. A. Robertson, Wm. Paist, wife and daughter, 
 W. E. Brimhall, Lorenzo Hoyt, H. J. Brainard, wife 
 and daughter, Eugene Underwood, C. A. Preseott, 
 wife and daughter, Greenville Eales and others. 
 From frequent interviews with these parties, I 
 gathered much valuable information which has 
 proved of service since. They were earnest workers 
 and I could always refer to them, as well as Eredoiiia 
 
Encouraging Prospects. iji 
 
 Grange, with a degree of pride, satisfied they would 
 cordially sustain every effort I should make. It 
 was necessary for me to assume considerable author- 
 ity, and I was almost invariably endorsed by these, 
 my intimates. As an instance, the matter of 
 appointing a State Agent was being agitated. Pres- 
 cott was determined to secure it, and others wanted 
 Paist to have it ; for my own part, I coincided with 
 McDowell's views. The move might be premature. 
 
 I wrote Paist : 
 
 March Wth, 18C9. 
 William Paist, 
 
 Secretary State Orange of Minnesota : 
 Worthy Brother : 
 
 Letters received from the East prompt me to 
 inform 3''ou that the Katioual Grange has tlio subject of Busi- 
 ness Agent under advisement, and it will be premature to make 
 any appointments for Minnesota until you are further advised. 
 It is looked upon as a movement of vital interest to the Order, 
 and involves its success or its ruin ; hence we must bo cautious. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 Our correspondence was gradually increasing, and 
 for a small business we were kept pretty actively 
 emplo3'ed. Good organizing deputies were most 
 in demand. The most vigorous one I had yet 
 secured was D. R. Farnham, of Rockford, iu Wright 
 County. Our united efforts, with Brother Curry, 
 gave us five new Granges for March. 
 
iy2 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Under date of March 14tli, Brother Moss wrote 
 me from Fredonia, jST. Y., to meet with his Grange, 
 if possible, in two weeks, as that would be their 
 regular meeting. 
 
 To McDowell, March 15th: 
 
 * * * Tou must see the advantage to our Order to 
 have some lieamj men in the Senate, and I do hope you will 
 suggest to others the advantages of being at the head of such an 
 organization. If you can find eight or ten men who will con- 
 tribute liberally in funds, so we can push ahead lively this 
 season, we shall come out all right. * * * 
 
 We want considerable printing done, and I must have funds at 
 my command, so as to go from one State to another without 
 being cramped. * * » j must urge you to make a 
 move, else I fear I shall have to censure the Priest of Demeter 
 for inactivity when we meet. It is now a year nearly since I 
 saw you and received your parting blessing. O. H. K. 
 
 Early in March I composed the Funeral Cere- 
 mony, and first submitted it to Brother Robertson, 
 of St. Paul. He returned it with a very compli- 
 mentary approval. 
 
 On the 22d of March, McDowell wrote me from 
 Wayne, K Y.: 
 
 * * * Your idea about getting men of means into 
 the National Grange is a good one, and deserves attention and 
 effort. When you come on we will ventilate it. 
 
 Your letter to the North Star Grange on social relations 
 between city and country, is good, — very good— and the P. of 
 
E)icouraging Prospects. I'/j 
 
 D. says amen to every word of it. Write, my brother ; for you 
 can write. 
 
 I have read the letter of the Master of the Stale Grange in 
 regard to settling all matters of difference inside the Order, and 
 would gladly subscribe to his views of it, if I thought such a 
 thing could be made to work. His heart is right, but I think his 
 ideas are a little quixotic. If all who become Patrons were 
 bom again when they took the oath, I should have some 
 liope ; but not at present. There is, I fear, too much human 
 nature among us to die so quietly. F. M. McDowell. 
 
 The last week in March I left home once more 
 for the East. Brother Brainerd had the pleasure 
 of advancing me, on private account, §25 for 
 expenses. It was well for me I found such friends 
 in those early days. I was enabled to fill my 
 engagement at Fredonia promptly. I arrived there 
 April 2d, and was the recipient of a splendid 
 entertainment in the evening. It was one of those 
 occasions where the guest feels himself under obli- 
 gations to the host for very marked attentions — a 
 fraternal welcome that had food for body and mind 
 sandwiched together so nicely, that one enjoj-s a 
 ravenous appetite. The hall was large and hand- 
 somely furnished. The Grange numbered fully 
 one hundred members. All were in full regalia. 
 Brother George D. Hinckley was Master. Some 
 of the members had composed several songs, and 
 everything was done in so systematic a manner. 
 
/// Patrons of Hiisba7idiy. 
 
 tliat I found myself, several times in the evening, 
 as they went through the degrees, wondering to 
 myself if I ever had anything to do with the work 
 they were doing. "Wlien the table was spread for 
 the feast, I confess the sight was grand. I doubt 
 if one more costly is often seen in our Granges. 
 When I left, they very kindly presented me with 
 twenty-five dollars for expenses. I spent a couple 
 of days here to great advantage, and I then visited 
 McDowell at Wayne. 
 
 It may be presumed this was an agreeable meet- 
 ing. We reviewed my work and considerable 
 matter I had with me — several proposed amend- 
 ments to the Constitution — particularly the "busi- 
 ness feature" proposed to be incorporated in the 
 work in Minnesota. I went with him to Bath, 
 In". Y., where we spent a day and night with his 
 brother, considering the subject, and then left for 
 Washington, to attend the 
 
 First Annual Session of the National Grange, 
 April 13th, 1869. 
 
 At 2 p. M., our meeting was called to order by 
 Brother Saunders. There Avcre present Brothers 
 Saunders, Grosh, Ireland, Trimble, Thompson and 
 Kellcy. 
 
WILLIAM SAUNDERS. 
 
Encouraging Pros/rts. 775 
 
 The report of the Secretary was presented, show- 
 ing nine Dispensations issued for the year 1868, 
 and one Grange organized gratuitous in Minnesota. 
 He presented numerous letters from parties, show- 
 ing a decided interest being manifested in the 
 Order; also quite a number of newspapers that had 
 been sent to the Acting Secretary, the wrappers of 
 which had never been removed. These papers all 
 contained one or more articles relative to the 
 Order. 
 
 The success of the Secretary was complimented, 
 and he was encouraged to go ahead. 
 
 A pattern of regalia, which had been introduced 
 in Minnesota Granges, and first worn in North Star 
 Grange, at St. Paul, was, on motion of Brother 
 Grosh, unanimously adopted; and on motion of 
 Brother Trimble, it was resolved, that to secure 
 uniforniity in regalia throughout the whole Order, 
 the Secretary is hereby authorized and instructed 
 to furnish the same. 
 
 The subject of jewels was considered, and after 
 some discussion, on motion of Brother Grosh, the 
 Secretary was authorized to corresjjond with Joseph 
 Seymour, of Syracuse, IST. Y., relative to the designs 
 and manufacture of the same. 
 
 Brother Ireland having his time fully occupied in 
 his Government position was unable to give neces- 
 
ij6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 sary attention to the duties of Acting Secretary. 
 Erother Thompson was appointed in liis stead. 
 
 Owing to the fact tliat the Secretary was absent 
 from his home much of the time, in organizing 
 Granges and introducing the Order, and the corres- 
 pondence of his office increasing, he reported that 
 he liad appointed Miss C. A. Hall as his assistant; 
 when, on motion of Brother Grosh, the appointment 
 was confirmed, and the Secretary authorized to pay 
 her a salary of six hundred dollars for the present 
 year. 
 
 The letter of Brother Saunders, tendering his res- 
 ignation as Pilaster of the l^ational Grange, was 
 read, and, on motion of Brother Ireland, unani- 
 mously laid on the table. 
 
 The matter of appointing a general business 
 agent of the Order, also State agents to attend to 
 biiying and selling for the Subordinate Granges, 
 was introduced by a letter from Brother F. M. 
 jMcDowell, and after some discussion was laid on 
 the table. 
 
 The following laAvs were adopted : 
 
 Be it enacted, etc.. That each State Grange may enact such 
 laws as may be deemed advisable, provided they do not conflict 
 ■with the Constitution of the Order. 
 
 Be it enacted, etc.. The wives and daughters (of lawful age) 
 of Musters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges and Special 
 
Encouraging- Prospects. lyj 
 
 Popiitics of the State, shall, upon being elected, be entitled to 
 receive tlie Fifth Degree. 
 
 Be it enacted, etc.. That wives and daughters of Masters and 
 Past Masters of State Granges, and Lecturers appointed by the 
 Master of National Grange, or by his authority, shall be entitled, 
 upon election, to receive the degrees of the National Grange. 
 
 Be it enacted, etc., That no money premium shall be paid by 
 any Grange at their fairs. Diplomas and silver medals may be 
 issued by the State Grange, and dijilomas by Subordinate 
 Granges, and diplomas, silver and gold medals, by the National 
 Grange : and no article shall receive a diploma or medal a second 
 time in the same State. 
 
 Be it enacted, etc., That on and after the passage of this act, 
 that after a State Grange is organized in any State, that all per- 
 sons to be entitled to the rank of Past Masters, must have served 
 one year as Master of a Subordinate Grange, and until a Master 
 lias served that length of time, he is not qualified to receive the 
 Fifth Degree. 
 
 Be it enacted, etc., That each Grange shall have a museum, 
 in which shall be placed samples of each j'ear's crop of grain, 
 and such other articles, including local natural curiosities and 
 valuables, as they shall deem worthy of saving duplicates of; 
 such duplicates, as far as possible, shall be sent to the State 
 Grange. 
 
 Be it enacted, etc., That all Masters and Past Jlasters may, by 
 virtue of their office, receive the Fifth Degree, and any member 
 of the Subordinate Grange, who shall be free from the books in 
 his Grange, and shall pass a thorough examination in the four 
 degrees, may be eligible to the Fifth Degree, if elected, aiid upon 
 paying the Secretary of the State Grange, in presentipg his appli- 
 cation, the sum of not less than ten dollars, may receive the 
 degree at a regular or special meeting called for the purpose. 
 12 
 
lyS Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 But such members are not entitled to voice or vote except in tlie 
 strict work of a degree. They shall only be silent members in 
 the work of the State Grange. If elected, the Treasurer of the 
 State Grange shall pay three dollars of this fee to the National 
 Grange. 
 
 Tie it enacted, etc.. That members intending to travel, can, if 
 clear of the books and in good standing, obtain a Traveling Card 
 signed by the Master and Secretary of the Grange, and in case a 
 brother or sister removing to another place desire to join another 
 Grange, he or she may obtain a letter of withdrawal, and upon 
 receiving an unanimous vote, may become a member of tlie 
 Grange balloting for them, without further fee except the regular 
 monthly dues. 
 
 Be it enacted, etc.. That horse racing and side shows shall be 
 forever excluded from the fairs and exhibitions of all Granges 
 connected with this Order. 
 
 Several proposed amendments to the Constitution 
 had been sent l)y me prior to the time for tlie regular 
 meeting. These were brought up, but as our Con- 
 stitution required six months' notice to be given, 
 they -n-ere laid over until a future meeting, which it 
 Avas proposed to hold in July. 
 
 The Secretary was authorized to continue organ- 
 izing, with full liberty to make such use of the 
 funds he received as circumstances might require, 
 and to adopt such plans as in his judgment should 
 be expedient for the good of the Order, but to 
 report monthly his receipts and expenditures. 
 
Encouraging Prospects. ijg 
 
 This closed our session, and \ve adjourned, subject 
 to tlie call of the Master. 
 
 Having arrived in Washington not over rich in 
 funds, it required an effort on my part to leave the 
 city in good order, without any aid from my asso- 
 ciates. 
 
 I called on Mr. Bean, and paid the balance of the 
 note. I next visited the printers, and found we had 
 but 287 Manuals left in their hands. These I pro- 
 posed to receive, as I had the rest, C. 0. D., and 
 requested them not to look to any one else but 
 myself to pay the balance of their bill. 
 
 I then called upon Brother Ireland, our Treas- 
 urer, to close up my account with him for the year, 
 when he informed me that I reported more money 
 spent than I had received. I requested him to give 
 me credit for the balance, as advances from my own 
 funds; that I would, as Secretary, furnish him 
 monthly a statement (as I had been doing), simply 
 of receipts and expenditures, leaving him to strike 
 balances, and either charge or credit me with the 
 amount. To this he agreed, and promised to 
 furnish me with a regular form for making my 
 reports in future, as the understanding with the 
 rest was, that I should use all the funds as fast as 
 received. 
 
 "While in Washington I received the following: 
 
iSo Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 St. Paul, March Z\it, 1869. 
 O. H. Kelley, Waaldngton : 
 Dbak Sir ; 
 
 Please have Hon. John Weir, of Terre Haute, Vigo 
 County, Indiana, made a Special Deputy for Indiana. I know 
 him well, and have got him deeply interested. Appoint him, 
 and I will post him in the worli some time this spring. * * * 
 "By St. Paul, the work goes bravely on." "Hurry back" to 
 the State, should be your motto. A. B. Currt. 
 
 From Wm. Paist: 
 
 St. Pato, April 2d, 18G9. 
 Brother Keli-et : 
 
 While sitting around Brother Prescott's stove, (a quorum, J 
 
 we received a letter from Brother Chadbourne, approving 
 
 Brother Prescott's appointment as State Agent, and requesting 
 
 him to go down on Robert Street and purchase a jackass for him. 
 
 As this is his first order, we thought it too good to keep until you 
 
 got back, and the quorum has directed me to inform you officially 
 
 of it. Reports are coming in. Hurry home ; we are lonesome. 
 
 Wm. Paist, 
 
 Secretary State Grange. 
 
 On this I find the memoranda: "This purchasmg 
 business commenced with buying jackasses; the 
 prospects are that many will be sold." 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 Itasca, Minn., April lltJi, 1869. 
 Dear McDowell : 
 
 I reached home this morning, and find the good work has 
 
 been going on lively in my absence. They discarded the State 
 
 Agency at Washington, as premature. We can work into it by 
 
Encom'aging Prospects. iSi 
 
 degrees. I shall go to St. Paul on Tuesday, and see some of 
 the members of the State Grange about the matter. 
 
 I had a delightful trip, and it has done me great good. I find 
 myself so overwhelmed with writing, on my return, that it will 
 be a month before I can find time to go out and organize Granges 
 myself. They agreed at Washington that Miss Carrie should 
 receive $G00 per annum as my assistant. I am sure she will 
 earn it, as most of the correspondence will necessarily devolve 
 upon her. 
 
 Nothing new to write this time. We agreed upon emblems of 
 officers, and adopted an uniform regalia. 
 
 I am strongly in favor of your jilan relative to the State 
 Granges making arrangements with manufacturers, nurserymen, 
 and others, so as to enable members to get articles at reduced 
 rates, and at the same time create a reserved fund. 
 
 I propose for your consideration that the National Grange 
 purchase a house and an acre or two of ground in the vicinity of 
 Cincinnati, and make that the future center of the Order. 
 When purchased, I will move there and occupy the domicil until 
 the National Grange is able to put up the Temple. " Where 
 there's a will there's a way." If I have to give my whole 
 time to the work, I may as well go to some accessible point 
 convenient to North, South, East and West. 
 
 It will be worth money to those in business in Cincinnati, to 
 have us locate there. By studying the Railroad map, j'ou will 
 see that four great lines of communication center there, and it 
 will be the point where the National Grange can open a Bien- 
 nial Exposition of tlie products of the United States. If on such 
 an occasion we should bring into that city two or three hundred 
 thousand visitors, would it not be policy for property holders, 
 hotel keepers and merchants, to subscribe, and present us with 
 sufficient to purchase such a building, as would answer for the 
 
i82 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 residence and business offices of tlie Secretary for tlie present. 
 This may loolc cliimerical, but "it can be did." 
 
 Saunders' idea is, tliat before long the National Grange must 
 establish a newspaper in its interest, and lie go in as editor-in- 
 chief. That city will bo the place from -whence to issue it. 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 From Ireland : 
 
 "Washington, D. C, A:pril 23^, 1869. 
 Dbae Brotheb Kelley : 
 
 When you get out another supply of blanks for Quarterly 
 Eeport (C), I think it would be well to have an addition made 
 to the heading, so that the town and State should be given thus : 
 * * * * Do not forget our Agates. When you get 
 out a new edition of the Manual, send me some copies. 
 
 Wm. M. Ireland. 
 
 From J. li. Thompson : 
 
 Washington, D. C, AjtrWiUK 1869. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 I write to explain why I have not sent you the corrections 
 in the published Manuals. Immediately after you left, I put 
 the only copy thereof that I had, into the liands of Dr. Trimble, 
 who promised to look it through carefully and note the neces- 
 sary corrections. * * * » j g^w him about 
 a week ago, and he then promised that he would bring the 
 Manual ia corrected, the next day. Since then I have not seen 
 him. 
 
 I have this morning succeeded in borrowing another copy of 
 the ^Manual, and will look it through to-day and to-morrow, and 
 send you the result. It is full of mistakes, misprints, and typo- 
 graphical errors, which should be guarded against in the next 
 edition. Put on j'our spectacles and read the proof. I will 
 
Encotiragiitg- Prospects. j8j 
 
 cii'.leavor to send you the corrcctious in a daj' or two. In the 
 mcautime, please send nie some letter-Leads and envelopes for 
 ofUcial correspondence. 
 
 Yours on tlie sickle, J. R. TnoMPsoN, 
 
 Acting Secretary. 
 
 I replied the same day : 
 
 A few letter-sheets will be sent by this mail. The National 
 Grange in this quarter is short of funds, but if you will enclose 
 five dollars, we will have five hundred envelopes printed as you 
 desire. Please forward your revised copy of the Manual as 
 soon as possible. O. H. K 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 St. Paul, April 2C<7j, 1869. 
 Dear Bkothek McDowell : 
 
 I have met a number of the members of the Order here, and 
 had lively talks about the State Agency. They insist that the State 
 Grange has a right to appoint such an agent, and the National 
 has no right to interfere. It is claimed as a local affair, and 
 some of them say if thej' can't do as they jiiease, and thus protect 
 themselves against being swindled by the middlemen, they will 
 withdraw from the organization in a body, and run it on their 
 own hook. To quiet them, I have told them to go ahead, that 
 the National Grange considers it a local affair of their own, and 
 not sanctioned by the Order at largo. If any trouble arises, they 
 must father it themselves. So I leave everything in apple-pio 
 order, and they are going on smoothly. 
 
 There is one thing that must be done, and that is we must 
 raise some funds. I have to get out the new edition of the 
 Manual ; we are nearly out of the old ones, and before the new 
 can be printed, wo shall be out. I must have some funds to give 
 
j8^ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 the printers. The members of the Order here have the impres- 
 sion that the members of the National Grange comprise men 
 of means, and it is going to injure us materiallj' if we cannot 
 raise a couple of hundred dollars without drawing from them. 
 If they should find out the great strength of the Order was in 
 Minnesota, and they were footing the bills, we would be the 
 losers. * * * I do not want to get too large a debt 
 here for printing. "We must keep on the right side of printer's 
 ink, or we go under. I will work like a trojan, that you know, 
 but must have ammunition from some source. O. H. K. 
 
 To Ireland: 
 
 Itasca, April 20t7i,, 18fi9. 
 Deah Brother Ireland : 
 
 Tours of 23d received. Will attend to the blanks as 
 
 requested. The agates will be sent soon. I have just completed 
 
 the Manual (to-day,) and take it to the printer this week. I am 
 
 now on the Fifth Degree, and want an obligation just as quick 
 
 as you can send it. I am wording the degree so that ladies and 
 
 gents can take it together, and have but the one ceremony. 
 
 * * * I will make it impressive, if possible. Now for 
 
 the obligation, I want it something like this. * * * 
 
 Get up a good one and send it immediately. By the way, has 
 
 Mr. Zevely been removed, and what are your chances ? Has 
 
 Doctor Trimble been icmovcd '! He expected to go overboard 
 
 the day after I left. If you have to go, I hope it will be the 
 
 means of your organizing some Granges in Pennsylvania. If I 
 
 could only have you iu the good work East while I work "West, 
 
 we would soon make a slir. "What do you think of my going 
 
 to Louisville this fall, and make the headquarters of the Order 
 
 there ? We can gut some good property in that vicinity cheap, 
 
 and lay out eventually some magnificent grounds. * * * 
 
 Now please answer this, line by line. O. II. K. 
 
185 
 
 GEO. D. HINCKLEY. 
 
Encojiraging Prospects. i8§ 
 
 From G. D. Hinckley : 
 
 Fredokia, N. Y., A-pril 6«7t, 1869. 
 Dear Sir and Brother : 
 
 Your favor of lOUi ultimo wfis received with much plea- 
 sure. Allow me to congratulate you on your safe arrival at 
 home, and the cheering prospects of the Order. Predonia 
 Grange continues to prosper by inci easing members, and I trust, 
 in course of the season, we shall be able to report additional 
 Granges in this vicinit3^ When you were here, we had some 
 conversation in reference to the last lecture in the Fourth 
 Degree. I have been trying to remodel it somewhat, with 
 reference to giving it to the candidates immediate]}' after the 
 explanation of the passwords and signs. I submit it for your 
 consideration. 1 have not exhibited it to any one as yet, 
 preferring your judgment in the matter. My idea is, that a kind 
 of summing up would be appropriate at that time ; after the 
 banquet, an address, perhaps extempore, long or short, as occa- 
 sion would seem to require, upon the practical objects and bene- 
 fits of the Order. * * * [Here follows the Master's 
 final charge in the Fourth Degree, which I immediately sent to 
 the printer.] 
 
 Please accept my thanks for the confirmation of my appoint- 
 ment as Deputy, with the assurance that I will do all in my 
 power to advance the interests of the Order. Also please accept 
 the best wishes of myself and familj', with the hope that many 
 pleasant meetings are yet in store for us. 
 
 Respectfully and fraternally yours, G. D. Hinckley. 
 
 During tlie month I commenced a correspondence 
 -svitli Joseph Seymour & Son, of Syracuse, K Y., 
 relative to manufacturing jewels for our Subordinate 
 Granges. Early in May lie proposed to commence 
 
i86 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 tlic manufacture of tliem, provided we would guar- 
 antee that he should have the making of all we 
 wanted, as it would not pay him to take hold of 
 such work on an uncertainty. It was plain to he 
 seen, the demand at that time would not warrant 
 any expenditure, though all interested were willing 
 to pledge the entire business to that establishment, 
 if he would lead oS in the manufacture. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 Itasca, May 4th, 1869. 
 My Dear McDowell : 
 
 1 have just returned from St. Paul, where I had another 
 
 long interview with some of the members of the State Grange, 
 
 relative to the business agent. They have received letters from 
 
 every Subordinate Grange approving of the objects set forth in 
 
 the circular published in Number 4, of the Minnesota Monthly. 
 
 * * * They claim it wholly as a local matter, and an 
 experiment that does not necessarily involve the Order, but to test 
 the expediency of such an agency, for it is evident something 
 must be done to protect our members from the impositions now 
 prevalent here, as well as to secure machinery at reduced rates. 
 
 * * * If they go ahead as they propose, it will have a 
 tendency to break up the combinations between manufac- 
 turers and dealers, and bring the retail trade down upon us. 
 This will wake up the farmers, and as soon as a lively figlit com- 
 mences, our membership will increase rapidly. This will 
 augment the fees in National and State Granges, and give us 
 capital without jeopardizing the Order. The agent will send 
 circulars to every manufacturer of agricultural implements, 
 and thus give us lively advertisements in all quarters. If it 
 
Encouraging Prospects. i8y 
 
 proves a success, well and good ; if a failure, we can say it was a 
 Ideal matter not sanctioned by the National Grange. If it proves 
 a good thing, then, (if we likej we can pass some law hitcliing 
 the system on the Order. But I candidly believe it will be suc- 
 cessful only by being conducted by an agent independent of tlio 
 State Grange. O. II. K. 
 
 To Col. Sam. E. Adams: 
 
 Itasca, May Sth, 1869. 
 Mt Dear Sam. : 
 
 I submit for your inspection and any alterations you may 
 
 suggest, the Funeral Ceremony. Now don't be modest ; make 
 
 alterations just where you tliink they are needed. Keep it to 
 
 Yourself, for I do not want it known so near home at present 
 
 that I am the author of it. O. II. K. 
 
 For a few weeks the spring work on the farm and 
 tlic pleasure of the late trip had served to make me 
 feel quite encouraged. In our office we had com- 
 menced sending short manuscript letters to editors 
 of western village papers, and this was keeping my 
 Assistant quite husy, while increasing correspondence 
 was decidedly exhilarating. But there is a tameness 
 in worldly matters, when devoid of excitement. 
 
 The following from Ireland threw a little music 
 in the atmosphere: 
 
 Washikgton, May 15ih, 18G9. 
 Deak Judge : 
 
 Yours respecting the obligation of the Fifth Degree at 
 
 hand. Nothing will be done till we hear from you respecting 
 
 the statement of receipts and expenses promised. You do not 
 
i88 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 seem to realize the unpleasant position you place me in as Treas- 
 urer, and all hands by your dilatory conduct. We may some 
 day be called on to account for monies given us through you, 
 and what kind of showing can we make ? 
 
 The Executive Committee have met, and we all determined 
 to drop the whole concern, and when we do, it will be published 
 abroad, unless you come to time in the matter. I, for one, wont 
 compromise my reputation in this way. There is no reason in 
 the world, except your infernal procrastination, that prevents the 
 thing being done. Yours in F. H. C. & F. , 
 
 W. M. Ieelakd. 
 [The italics are mine. — K.] 
 
 If memory serves me right, my comments upon 
 this letter Averc "loud." As to that "Executive 
 Committee" ^'^ dropping the whole concern" it would 
 have reflected more in their favor, if they had once 
 taken a fair, earnest hold of it. However, I will not 
 give my reply, hut simply quote from the letter 
 which followed from him, as I had written him on 
 the 12th to send me the forms he had promised, that 
 I could make my reports to meet his vicaa-s. 
 
 WAsniNGTON, D. C, May 2Ut, 18G9. 
 Deah Brother Keliet : 
 
 Yours of 13th at hand. I must humbly beg pardon for 
 my very curt note, written some days since. I had entirely 
 forgotten my promise to forward you a form. I have notified 
 the Executive Committee that the fault is entirely at my door, 
 and thus exonerated you from all blame. Will you call it 
 square? Send me on an account made out in your own way, of 
 
Encojiragiiig Prospects. iSq 
 
 fill j'our receipts and expenses, and I will digest it and arrange 
 the items, and then send it back for your signature, witli the 
 Order for your endorsement. * * * * 
 
 W. M. Ireland. 
 
 To Ireland : 
 
 Itasca, May Wlh, 1869. 
 Dear Brother Ireland : 
 
 Yours of 21st received. Your apology for the thunder 
 and lightning note of the 15th is accepted. I will most cheer- 
 fully call it square. 
 
 I sent last Monday my account to Brother Saunders ; if it has 
 not been received will send duplicate. Have been and am now, 
 drove with my farm work, and have hardly time to eat. North 
 Star Grange has its new hall completed, and want it dedicated. 
 I have part of the ceremonies ready, but want a paper that you 
 will find among the pile I left with you in April, 18G8. * * * 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 The dark clouds once more scattered. I Lad 
 ■written to the others at Washington relative to the 
 remark that they would all drop the Order. It was 
 evident any movement in that direction could 
 materially injure me in my work, though I could 
 easily have dropped (hem at any time, and substituted 
 the workers in Minnesota. The answers to my 
 letters show that it was simply a ruse on the part of 
 Ireland to stir me up — the result was visible for a 
 long time. 
 
 Doctor Trimble wrote me : 
 
1^0 ■ Patrons of IIi(shandij. 
 
 Washington, D. C, May ZWi, 1809. 
 Dear Kelley : 
 
 * * * Tell Saunders to call on us to meet regu- 
 larly once or twice a month, to see your letters and hear sugges- 
 tions, etc. We will do it. I will see that we all obey his sum- 
 mons, if lie will only summon us. 
 
 Tell your Niece if the institution ever becomes what I think it 
 will, she will be well remembered. 
 
 Yours, etc., John Trimble, Jr. 
 
 Under date of 31st of May, 1869, 1 find a letter 
 from "\V. II. Stevens, then Secretary of Frcdonia 
 Grange, in wliicli the word " Granger" appears, 
 the first time I remember seeing it used. 
 
 From Ed. P. Farris: 
 
 Henry, III., May 29<7j, 18G9. 
 Brother Kelley : 
 
 Yours of 25th instant is at hand. Am ready and willing 
 
 to work on the Order, but I am as rusty as a beadle. If you 
 
 will send me inslruclions, I think, with my present knowledge 
 
 of the subject, I will make the thing a success in this State. * 
 
 * * * Ed. p. Faruis. 
 
 To Doctor Trimble, same date : 
 
 Dear Doctor : 
 
 Have been so busy planting, and other spring work, I 
 have not had time to attend to correspondence, and my official 
 matters have had to he turned over to my Niece to expedite busi- 
 ness. »■ » * 
 
 Have you got back in the Department? I fear not, for once 
 out there is a slim chance, as you know, to be reinstated. I 
 
Encouraging Prospects. jgi 
 
 ■would not tr}', but t^ip into sometliing else ; if notliing better, 
 go for tlie claim agency business, but, upon my word, Doctor, 
 keep out of tbe Departments if you can ; it unfits a man for alj 
 other business. * * * O. H. K. 
 
 Wm. Paist, at. Paul, Itasca, May 'iTttTi, 1869. 
 
 Secretary of State Orange : 
 Worthy Brother : 
 
 I liave the pleasure to inform you that 
 arrangements are completed for conferring the Fifth Degree of 
 our Order at the coming session of 3'our State Grange, June 
 24th. Tou will please give due notice to the Subordinate 
 Granges in your jurisdiction. Masters, Past Masters, and their 
 wives and daughters, who are members of Subordinate Granges, 
 are entitled to the degree without fee. Any member of a Sub- 
 ordinate Grange, who can pass an examination in the four 
 degrees, can receive the fifth, upon making application, and 
 paying the sum of ten dollars for males, and four dollars for 
 females. Fees to be paid in advance to the Secretary of the 
 State Grange. Yours fraternally, O. H. K. 
 
 Among the letters came the first from A. A. Petti- 
 bone, of Nunda, Ilhnois, directed to "VVm. Paist, St. 
 Paul, June 4th. I ■^\'rote him that the letter had 
 been referred to me, and commenced a correspon- 
 dence that resulted not only in a pleasant acquaint- 
 ance, but in a thriving Grange. This afterwards 
 ■was the scene of the closing labors of one deputy, 
 and brought another on the stage of action. 
 
 From J. R. Thompson : 
 
ig2 Patrons of Htisbandry. 
 
 Washington, D. C, June Wh, 1869. 
 Brother Kelley : 
 
 * * * As no time is to be lost, I have hastily 
 sketched out my idea of a plan for the Fifth Degree, -which I 
 have to-day submitted to Brothers Grosh and Trimble, and they 
 unite in approbating. I hurry this forward to you at Itasca, and 
 ^TiH send the addresses of the Overseer, Lecturer, Master and 
 Pomona, obligation, sign, etc., by Tuesday, the 16th. * * * 
 
 J. R. Thompson. 
 
 It will be seen that I liad completed this degree 
 some time prior to the receipt of this, hut as the 
 pjlan of Brother Thompson was so much like my 
 original, the honors are easy. The very essential 
 parts that were to follow by the 16th, have not 
 arrived up to date of my present writing. 
 
 From McDowell : 
 
 "Wayne, N. Y., June lOtJi, 18C9. 
 My Deau Kelley : 
 
 Yours of May 26th, enclosing a bit of history, came duly 
 to hand. I have also received two letters, one from Joseph 
 Seymour, of Syracuse, and the other from Brother Grosh, sent 
 by you. Brother Grosh' s letter is a model for good sense and 
 suggestion, and is worthy of mucli consideration, particularly 
 with regard to the jewels, and the revenue to be derived from 
 them by the National and State Granges. * « * j 
 notice, upon reading Mr. Seymour's letter again, that he requires 
 only a guarantee tliat he alone shall have the furnishing of them 
 
 — provided there is a prospect of a goodly number being wanted 
 
 to go on at the proper time and cut the dies. The matter, as 
 
Encouraging Prospects. Jpj 
 
 he says, should be well digested before commencing to cut the 
 dies. » * * Brother Grosh is also sound on the 
 salary question for officers of State and National Granges. 
 When the thing gets to running well, we can alTord it. 
 
 F. M. McC. 
 
 From Saunders: 
 
 Washington, D. C, June IGi/t, 1869. 
 Brother Kbllet : 
 
 I have been engaged so closely in getting the planting 
 
 completed, that I have cot written a dozen lines in three weeks. 
 
 Out in the grounds from morning till night. In a short time I 
 
 will settle down to my summer routine, and will strive to assist 
 
 you. It is a constant source of annoyance to me that i do so 
 
 little to help you. 
 
 Wilson went a month ago, full charged, to Iowa. I received 
 the paper and envelopes, and signed and mailed the commissions 
 next day after I received them from you. I have sent 3'our 
 account to Ireland, and called a meeting of the National Grange, 
 to take various matters into consideration. 
 
 I am delighted to learn tliat you are sending garden crops to 
 market. I sincerely hope that your receipts will be satisfactorj^, 
 for I can assure you nothing can give me more pleasure than to 
 hear of your success and welfare. * * * There has 
 been many changes, and much weeping and wailing in the 
 Departments, and the end is not yet. 
 
 Yours sincerely, William Saunders. 
 
 From Rev. A. B. Grosli : 
 
 Washington, D. C, June IGtJi, 1809. 
 O. H. Kellet: 
 
 Oh ! thou patient, long sufTering, much forbearing Grand 
 
 Secretar}^ how ill requited have been thy long waiting on me 
 
ig/j. Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 and thy many favors, and yet what can I say in excuse ? * * * 
 Grand Master Saunders is very deliberate in acting, so that it 
 may be some time before your proposition comes before us in 
 proper form. * » * 
 
 From J. R. Thompson : 
 
 Washington, D. C, June liM^, 1869. 
 Dear Bkother : 
 
 I am tliis morning in receipt of a communication of 
 Kalmar Grange, No. 9, under date of May 15th, transmitting 
 resolution of tliat Grange in relation to abridgment of Ritual. 
 By direction of the Worthy Master, I have convened the 
 National Grange at his office, Wednesday the 23d instant, when 
 the communication will be duly considered, and the result imme- 
 diately communicated to 3'ou. 
 
 Very truly yours, on the sickle, J. R. Thompson. 
 
 To McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, June 20th, 1869. 
 Brother McDowell . 
 
 At this time I am busy writing up the work unfinished, 
 when I started out to organize over a year ago, and getting 
 everything ready and in business shape, so as to be ready by tlio 
 coming fall, to rush the work ahead. Of course, at this season 
 there is little doing in the way of organizing, and now is the 
 time every member of the National Grange should be active in 
 advertising the Ordor. I feel the need of their assistance in this 
 respect. I cannot do it alone. Another item — I must liave 
 some money from some source. I am compelled to spend every 
 dollar I can raise to push the work ahead, until I am embarrass- 
 ing myself. 
 You told me when I left you, that in case of an emergency, I 
 
tLiicoiiraging Prospects. /pj 
 
 could draw on you for $40 or ?")0. I don't know of a more 
 acceptable time, and if you can conveniently send me a draft, as 
 a loan to the National Grange, I will give you credit accordingly. 
 I have had the audacity to write to my friend Falkstone to assist 
 also. If he comes down with his usual |100 spot, I will be in 
 bliss. I don't want to crowd him too much, for we have use of 
 him by and by. Hereafter, I intend to keep an accurate account 
 of all the money I advance, — something I have heretofore 
 omitted to do. 
 
 We must raise funds to publish our new Manual, and we have 
 got to have the Manuals, or else we cannot organize. * * * 
 When we commence organizing, after harvest, I believe we 
 shall rush ahead lively, provided all of you take hold and help 
 advertise the Order. See that all newspapers in your vicinity 
 publish articles. I have seen nothing in them yet. * * * 
 
 I purchased two hundred copies of the St. Paul papers, con- 
 taining the account of the opening of the new hall of North 
 Star Grange, and am sending them out. Hardly a day but we 
 send off circulars to some new quarter. If all the rest of the 
 National Grange will dip in likewise, we wont be long without 
 membership. Then we will have funds enough, but just at this 
 time we are sadly in need of pecuniary aid, for want of which 
 we are injuring our cause. Yours in haste, 0. H. K. 
 
 From Gen. Wm. Duane "Wilson: 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, June 21si, 18G9. 
 O. H. Kellet : 
 
 Mt Dear Friend : 
 
 Ever since my return home I have been afflicted 
 with the neuralgia. « * * From present appear- 
 ances it is probable I shall become the proprietor of the '' Ilome- 
 
ig6 Patrons of Htcsbandr}'. 
 
 stead and Farm Journal." In that case I can do but little in 
 establishing Granges, further than to push the cause along in the 
 paper. « * « y^u. Doane Wilson. 
 
 From Saunders : 
 
 Washingtok, June 26i7t, 1869. 
 WoETHT Brothek Kellet : 
 
 We had a meeting— an informal one— of the National 
 Grange, one day the beginning of the week. The request of 
 Kalmar Grange, for an abbreviation of the Ritual, was before us, 
 and your answer was approved. It is the opinion of the National, 
 that before any prominent alterations are made in the Ritual, the 
 sentiments of the entire Order must be ascertained, and their 
 wishes in the matter consulted. 
 
 About changing the headquarters of the Order, it is considered 
 very injudicious to even hint at anything of the kind at present. 
 If a geographical centre is to be chosen, we would have to go 
 west to Omaha, or thereabouts ; but Washington is our best 
 centre at present. There is no objection, however, for you to 
 locate wherever you may think best. 
 
 We are anxious to know if any of the Deputies have reported 
 to you. Have you heard anything of Wilson ? He went to 
 Iowa, but we have heard nothing from him. These Specials 
 must be looked after, otherwise they maj' give us trouble. A 
 Charter will be drawn up and got ready without delay. 
 
 With regard to getting a notice in the monthly report of the 
 Department, the only proper way is for some one of the Granges, 
 or some one in the name o'. the Order, to send some statistical 
 matter or report worthj- of insertion, and get the Patrons intro- 
 duced in that way. It will not do to make any other attempt to 
 push into the Department, and this is not only feasible, but will 
 show what the Order means to do. 
 
Encmtraging Prospects. igy 
 
 I am still yery busy. * * * Brother Grosh is 
 appointed a committee to audit your accounts. Hoping that 
 yourself and family are in the best of health, 
 
 I am yours truly, Wm. Saunders. 
 
 To John X. Davidson, St. Paul : 
 
 Itasca, July Isi, 1869. 
 Brother John X. : 
 
 I want to make arrangements -with 3'ou to publish the 
 
 Manuals of our Order. Captain Davis made a rough estimate 
 
 upon it in April. I would like to have you get out an edition of 
 
 two thousand rnpies, and hold the same, to be paid for as I need 
 
 them for the Granges. We shall want, from five to ten dollars 
 
 worth at a time, and will pay the money as I take the books. 
 
 Some one must do the work, and it is left with me to get them 
 
 printed. As your establishment is already in "up to the neck," 
 
 I think you had better take this job also, and "go in all under." 
 
 "Will you print them ? Yours, O. H. K. 
 
 To tills question, my old friend replied, "All 
 riglit; hand in your copy; I will do the work on 
 your private account." This was encouraging. I 
 had got tired ot writing, soliciting funds from any 
 of my associates, and lAvas getting prctt}' well satis- 
 fied all the assistance I was to receive would come 
 from the AYcst. 
 
 From Brother Thompson: 
 
 "Washington, D. C, Jidy Zd, 1869. 
 My Dear Kelley : 
 
 * * * I am pleased to learn that tlie Fifth 
 Degree passed off to your satisfaction and the acceptance of the 
 
jg8 Patrons of Husbandyy. 
 
 State Grange. I am a little mystified by your account of it, 
 however. Where in thunder did you get the T. and L., and 
 where did the A. come fi'om? There was nothing of the kind 
 iu the sketch that I sent you, although you were at liberty to 
 accept it or not, as you thought best. Please send me a copy of 
 the degree as conferred. * * * 
 
 Visit the Kalmar Pic-Nic by all means, and if you have not 
 entire confidence In j'our ability as an extempore speaker, let 
 your address be written out, well prepared and tolerably familiar 
 with it. I predict that you will prove a success as an essayist 
 and lecturer. At the recent meeting of the Kationiil Grange, I 
 was charged with preparing a form for a Charter, which I will 
 send you as soon as ready, together with some corrections in the 
 Ritual. Will send them in a week or ten days at farthest. * 
 
 * * * Let us hear from you as occasion requires. 
 
 J. R. Thompson. 
 
 I had received the invitation referred to above, 
 from Kalmar Grange, ISTo. 9, in our State, to deliver 
 an oration. I mentioned it in my letter to Thomp- 
 son as a good joke, as it was something I knew 
 myself unfitted for. However, I had to learn all 
 about everything connected with the Order, and 
 following his advice, set myself at ^^'ork to prepare 
 the oration. I was not many daj's putting some 
 items together that would be instructive, and setting 
 forth the objects of the organization. ISi^cxt I com- 
 menced preparing to deliver it. The first thing Mas 
 to prune it down from an hour to thirty minutes in 
 length; their to practice in the reading and oratori- 
 
Encouraging Prospects. igg 
 
 cal exercise. I had nearly committed it to memory, 
 but knew very ■well as soon as I sliould rise before 
 an audience of over twenty persons, every word 
 would fly from my mind. Hence I determined to 
 rely upon my manuscript. One afternoon, my 
 family being away from home, I repaired to the barn 
 for active practice. My nearest neighbor lived half 
 a mile away, so I felt secure from interruption, even 
 should • my stentorian lungs make the grove ring. 
 I intended to practice for an audience of ten thou- 
 sand — either a success or a failure — but whichever, 
 it should be on a grand scale. 
 
 On the threshing floor I ^^laced an empty barrel, 
 and on that a box, and on that I placed the manu- 
 script speech I intended to empty upon the audi- 
 ence. I commenced reading aloud, gradually in- 
 creasing in voice, until I worked myself up to a 
 frenzy of excitement that A\'ould have made a 
 Booth weep. The poultry, languidly scratching 
 around the barn that summer afternoon, began to 
 prick up their ears and show indications of an 
 appreciation of the noise at any rate, while the old 
 farm dog came to me, evidently in sympathy, or try- 
 ing to cool down my unusual excitement; but I 
 heeded nothing until I had finished my ])eroratior, 
 and was about to sit down, when immediately an 
 old rooster, that had been eyeing me sideways for 
 
200 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 the last five minutes, clapped las wings and crowed 
 most lustily ! 
 
 That was perhaps a good omen, but I am satisfied 
 it was all the crowing the speech ever elicited. I 
 went to the meeting, (the pic-nic had been aban- 
 doned); I read my remarks very tamely, and 
 returned homo well satisfied that speech-making was 
 not my forte. 
 
 It may be Irish, but I merely wish to say to the 
 reader, if the above account is not interesting and 
 sufiiciently dignified, he can omit it, and follow 
 with this 
 
 From Brother Saunders : 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 12t7i, 1869. 
 Worthy Brother O. H. Kellet : 
 
 The Fifth Degree has come to hand, and ■will be perused, 
 and the result communicated as soon as the weather Tvill permit. 
 You must know that with the thermometer at 990, we must 
 necessarily road by small installments. 
 
 The Monthly Statement also came through, and I have sent it 
 to Brother Ireland. Give my regards to all your family, not 
 forgetting our valuable sister, the vinder-Secretary. 
 
 Yours warmly, Wm. Saunders. 
 
 I wrote Saunders : 
 
 July 16th, 1869. 
 Worthy Master : 
 
 We are desirous of sending to each country editor in the 
 
 United States, a letter, with a circular, asking their co-operation 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 201 
 
 in the work. I submit tlie following for the inspection of the 
 Executive Committee, either to revise, correct, or substitute. 
 rioase return at your earliest convenience. O. H. K. 
 
 At this time Miss Hall was writing short letters 
 of half a page letter sheet, to editors in the "Western 
 States, the circulation of whose papers did not 
 exceed one thousand copies, Avith the hope of secur- 
 ing their interest in our work, and bring the Order 
 to the attention of those residing in the small towns 
 in their vicinity. From her daily journal, I find she 
 was averaging in Julj', Augitst, and September, 
 about fifteen per day, besides other writing. Tliese 
 communications soon brought letters of inquiry, and 
 while pecuniary results were not over flattering, we 
 found many words of encouragement from our new 
 correspondents. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 July 31s(, 1869. 
 Mt Dear McDowell : 
 
 * * * Only tliink, my dear fellow, one year 
 ago Miss Carrie, and myself and daughter, were the only 
 Patrons in this State, and we were almost begging persons to 
 help get up the first grange. During tliis month four Dispensa- 
 tions have been issued, and the receipts of the National Grange 
 have been ISO, and this in a month when farmers are drove 
 with work. » * * i organized a Grange night 
 
 before last at Richfield ; to-day I have an invitation to risit and 
 work with Monticello Grange, fourteen miles distant, and next 
 
202 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 "Wednesday go to Euterprisc, in the southern part of the State, 
 to organize there. * * * * 
 
 Tlie richest thing out is tliis : The North-western Chronicle, 
 a Komisli Church paper, has got alarmed at our progress, and 
 lias come out, dead shot, against the Order. * * * 
 
 I do not intend to replj', but rather urge them to keep up the 
 attack, for it will help advertise us all over the country-. I send 
 3'ou copies, and beg of you to get some articles published in the 
 Bath papers. O. H. K. 
 
 At this date wc liad in all, Twenty-jive Granges in 
 the United States. Kortli Star Grange, in St. Paul, 
 with the stimulus given by the State Grange, had a 
 marked effect, for nearly all connected with those 
 Granges Avere interesting themselves in spreading 
 information relative to the aims and principles of 
 the Order, while those members of other Granges 
 in the State were not idle. Prominent among others 
 were Col. D. A. Robertson, Avho had established the 
 3Ii7inesota Monthly, as the organ of the State Grange 
 and the Order generally-, and Capt. William Paist, 
 Secretary of the State Grange. lie opened an 
 office at St. Paul, where we made our head- 
 quarters for business when in the cit}^, and none 
 ever called upon him without receiving a genial 
 welcome. 
 
 In regard to Jewels, I received the following 
 from Brother Se3'mour: 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 20j 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y., July 2Wi, 18C9. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Sin : 
 
 I am this moment in receipt of your favor of tlie 26th, 
 and hasten to reply, that I think your idea of Rustic letters— tlie 
 initials of the officers — for emhlems, a good one, and will add an 
 idea of my own, — that they be placed within a rustic square 
 representing a field. This die for the square may be got up to 
 correspond with the letters, the whole to be struck off in the best 
 of Albata silver, and plated with fine silver. The square and letters 
 to have eyes, like a button, to sew on to the regalia ; the inside of 
 the square to be green, representing the green field. The square 
 and letters for Subordinate Granges to be silver ; for State, g(jld 
 (gilt). This will make a very beautiful and entirely different 
 official emblem from any other Society. * * * » 
 
 The more I think of your idea, the better and more appro- 
 priate it looks to me. Jos. Seymodr. 
 
 The ne-,v Granges were already calling for para- 
 phernalia and forms, and asking innumerable ques- 
 tion requiring prompt replies, many of which were 
 entirely new to my assistant and myself. AVe were 
 however securing new counsellors, and having 
 advantage of daily experience. Letters from the 
 East were beginning to be less frequent, and we 
 were having sufHcient work to keep our minds en- 
 gaged nearer home. 
 
 To Saunders: 
 
 Itasca, August 8th, 1809. 
 Dear Brother Saunders: 
 
 I enclose vouchers which should have been sent with the 
 July Report, but were overlooked when I closed my letter. I 
 
20^ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 beg of you call the Executive Committee together at least once 
 a week, to attend to the items I send. They may appear of 
 little account to you, but are of moment to the Order at large. 
 Please fire a shot at Brother Thompson for neglect to reply to 
 my letters. Six weeks ago he wrote me he would send certain 
 documents within ten days. I haven't seen them yet. I beg of 
 j-ou all to keep the wheels in motion. Brains, not dollars, is all 
 I ask of you. O. H. K. 
 
 To Geo. D. Hinckley: 
 
 Itasca, Augmt'iih, 18G9. 
 Dear Bbother Hikcklet : 
 
 Yours of 2d received, and I most heartily endorse your 
 
 views relative to the character of men wanted as Special Deputies. 
 
 * * * If we could have fifteen or twenty live men, 
 such as you would select, at work in the Eastern and Middle 
 States, this fall and winter, the Order could be spread to advan- 
 tage. * * * Xhe new edition of the Manual is now 
 in the hands of the printer. 
 
 Please send me, in due time, a list of the seeds you can furnish 
 Granges for next spring planting, and the prices at which they 
 will be furnished, C. 0. D. That little feature will take among 
 members. * » * j have issued dispensations to six 
 new Granges during the past four weeks, in this Slate, and our 
 Deputies here are planning for a big harvest this fall and winter. 
 The fees allowed to Deputies is an inducement to work lively. 
 
 * * * O. H. K. 
 
 To Gen. "VVm. Duane "Wilson: 
 
 Itasca, August 9ih, 1869. 
 Dear General : 
 
 I am surprised at your silence. * « # Have 
 
 you decided to take the Iowa Homestead? Please write me a 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 20 j 
 
 good long letter. I have several applications for Deputies wlio 
 want to take Iowa to work in, but I tell tliem you Lave full 
 control there, (provided you commence soon). O. H. K. 
 
 From J. R. Thompson : 
 
 Wasiiington, D. C, August \Wi, 1869. 
 My Much-abused, Long-neglected, but 
 
 EVEK-ESTEBMED FrIEND KeLLEY • 
 
 I have at last obtained a copy of Ritual, which I 
 have looked through carefully, and herewith hand you such cor- 
 rections and suggestions as occurred to me. I am more than 
 ever before pleasantly and profoundly Impressed with the beauty 
 and appropriateness of the various lectures and addresses. 
 Most of them are gems, and will rank high in comparison with 
 Manual of any other Order. 
 
 A meeting of the National Grange has been called for Monday 
 P. M. next, immediately after which you may expect to hear 
 from us again. But I will make no more excuses nor promises, 
 until I have done work meet for repentance. Meanwhile, I am 
 very fraternally your friend and (itsobedient servant, 
 
 J. R. Thompson. 
 
 Assuming responsibility, frequently, I found did 
 not come amiss, and in doing which I was encour- 
 aged by my intimate associates in Minnesota. I 
 vv-rote Augwst 23d, to 
 
 Brother Paist, — 
 
 Secretary of State Orange : 
 
 Will you please correspond with your Subordinate 
 Secretaries, and state that the National Grange desires their 
 
2o6 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 respective Granges to establish monthly market days, which 
 shall he free to the public, and where persons having stock, or 
 anything else to sell, can meet regularly for that purpose. Sec- 
 retaries will be required to report sales made, to the nearest 
 newspaper, according to forms that will be furnished them, and 
 copies of the papers to be forwarded to distant Granges in the 
 State, thus bringing them into direct correspondence with each 
 other, and keeping members familiar with the supply, demand 
 and prices. As to the days, let, for instance, Glencoe select 
 November 1st, to begin with, and thereafter every fourth Mon- 
 day ; Hutchinson, being in the same neighborhood, could set 
 Monday, November 8th, and thereafter every fourth Monday, 
 while Newport could take Monday the 1st, and North Star every 
 fourth Saturday. We want to commence the arrangement 
 November 1st, and as soon as each Grange has established ils 
 day, have the list published in full. This means "biz," and 
 you will find them become popular. * * » 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 From McDowell : 
 
 Wayne, August 27ih, 18G9. 
 My Dear Kelley : 
 
 Your last letter to me I see is dated one month ago today. 
 
 It does not seem possible for this to be true, yet your figures 
 
 say so. * * * Keep me posted in what you are 
 
 doing. * * * p. ji McDowell. 
 
 The designs for our jewels were drawn August 
 25th, by my brother, William 11., copying from a 
 twig of scrub oak to get the frame. So exact Avcrc' 
 these copied by Mr. Seymour, that errors in the 
 
Encouraging Prospects. sof 
 
 poncilling were shown in the dies. Septemher 2d, 
 1869, I received the following from Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 O. H. Kblley, — Dear Sir : 
 
 Your favor is at hand. We have sent the drawings 
 to our die cutter and he will make an estimate of the cost of dies. 
 Mr. Seymour, Sr., started for California last evening. 
 
 Jos Seymour, Jr. 
 
 To McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, September 5th, 1869. 
 My Dear McDowell : 
 
 Yours of 27lh ult., received yesterday. Your long silence 
 has been noticed, but is equalled by that of our brothers at 
 Washington. They take fits of writing semi-ocoasionally, and, 
 for a wonder, with yours came one from Brother Thompson. 
 However, all are excusable, as none are exjjected to take the 
 same interest in the work that I do. This will change as the 
 Order increases in strength, but it seems to me that every one 
 connected with the National Grange ought to feel it a duty to 
 keep the Order before the people, by short articles in the news- 
 papers. As yet I fail to see much of anything except what I 
 furnish myself. 
 
 The documents referred to ought to be translated and put in 
 shape now while I can spare the time, for as soon as harvest is 
 over, every moment of my time will be occupied in organizing. 
 Falkstone is West somewhere ; but where, I have no knowledge. 
 
 We have been busy of late in writing letters and enclosing 
 circulars to editors in the Western States. It is a long job, there 
 being over IGOO letters to write. We are now on Indiana. 
 * * * I think I have got the work of organizing 
 Subordinate and State Grangoe pretty well systematized, and 
 
2o8 Patrons of Hitsbandiy. 
 
 shall give it my personal attention, as Miss Carrie can readily 
 attend to the businefs here in my absence. 
 
 A Chicago religious paper gives us blazes in a three column 
 article. I send a copy, via Saunders, to you. The more they 
 "cuss" the better we shall be advertised, and at no expense 
 to us. O. H. K. 
 
 To Ireland: 
 
 Itasca, Minn., September lOtli, 1869. 
 
 WOUTHT BnOTHER : 
 
 Your favor of 5th instant, relative to the neglect of Sub- 
 ordinate Granges to make their Quarterly Reports to your oliice, 
 has been received and referred to Brother Wm. Paist, Secretary 
 of the State Grange of Minnesota, with the request that it 
 receive attention. 0. H. K. 
 
 From Brother McDowell : 
 
 Wayne, N. T., September \ltli, 1869. 
 My Dear Kelley : 
 
 » * * I have been a little remiss of late, will do 
 better in future. » * * -^j. j^ygj ^-^^ ^p y^^^ 
 
 suggestion of a National Fair when we get together next 
 winter ; there is time enough yet, but we must keep the subject 
 always warm. F. M. McDowell. 
 
 Itasca, September ZZd, 1869. 
 To tlie Execidive Committee of tlie National Orange : 
 
 WOETDY BeOTHEES : 
 
 There is a strong desire in the Subordinate Granges 
 to have the Constitution altered, and make three or more ballots 
 necessary to reject a candidate. I enclose a letter from Brother 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 2og 
 
 Sam. E. Adams, Master of Monticello Grange, for your perusal. I 
 want this matter attended to immediately, as I am all out of 
 Constitutions, and under the necessity of having the fourth 
 edition printed right away, but if any alteration is made I want 
 it to appear in this edition. Now I beg of you come to time in 
 this, and don't stop me in my progress by the usual neglect. It 
 is almighty provoking to send important letters to you and get 
 no reply. The second edition of the Manual is completed, and 
 copies of it will be sent you as soon as they can be bound. I 
 expect to be at Rochester to attend the State Fair next week, 
 and make arrangements for extensive organizing this fall and 
 winter, and I hope to hear that you are all doing something to 
 bring the Order before the public. 
 
 The Fifth Degree was sent you in July, early, but has not 
 yet been returned. The State Grange of Minnesota meets at 
 Rochester next week, but your delay prevents the degree being 
 conferred. Yours truly, O. H. K. 
 
 From Saunders: 
 
 Washington, September 21st, 18G9. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 I have just returned from a week's absence from home, 
 
 • and find your letters and paper. I am very busy. * * * 
 
 I am sorry that I cannot find time to attend to the interests of 
 
 the Order, but I cannot do it. I might as well try to study 
 
 Sanscrit or Greek. I cannot keep track of these things. 
 
 Yours truly, William Saunders. 
 
 October found me full of business, and arranging 
 work for the several Deputies I had secured. On 
 the 5th of October, I opened correspondence -with 
 14 
 
2IO Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Doctor W. H. Burnliam, of Wisconsin, relative to 
 establishing the Order in that State. 
 
 To Saunders: 
 
 October Villi, 1869. 
 Deak Saunders : 
 
 I have just returned from a trip of a week, preparatory to 
 going into the fall and winter work of organizing. I have got 
 the "Patrons" pretty well advertised. * * * * 
 
 I enclose by this mail a copy of the new edition of Manual. 
 As soon as the binder can finish copies for each of you, in 
 green and gold, I will send them. 
 
 I do not expect you to answer all my letters by a great deal. 
 Turn them over to Thompson, our Acting Secretary, and make 
 him come to time. I shall leave, one week from to-day, health 
 permitting, and go into the work lively. My worthy Assistant 
 will attend to business in my absence. O. H. K. 
 
 My working Deputies at this time comprised 
 D. E. Farnham, Rockford, Minn., and Rev. Z. 
 Cook, Northfield, Minn., and when I had left home 
 we had issued in all thirty Dispensations. 
 
 I had been informed by some one that Brother 
 Grosh was dead, and immediately wrote Bro. Saun- 
 ders to ascertain if or no it was true. I also sent 
 some appointments of Deputies for him to sign 
 and seal. His reply was as follows : 
 
 Washington, D. C, Ocioler2Wi, 1869. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 Brother Grosh is not dead, nor has he been ailing at all 
 this summer. You must not kill our folks in that way. 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 211 
 
 I have signed and sealed all the appointments, and dispatched 
 them at once. I have just returned from North Carolina. It is 
 a fine country down there, and a fine people. A little too much 
 darkey, perhaps, but brighter days are in store. 
 
 "With attending fairs and societies, and preparing the Annual 
 Report, I have been quite engaged. 
 
 You are still driving on, and will make your Order go. I call 
 it your Order, as you not only conceived the idea, but are making 
 it go "unaided and alone." 
 
 I receive an occasional letter asking for information, all of 
 which I answer. 
 
 Hoping you are all well, I am yours truly, 
 
 William Saunders. 
 
 On a trip to ISTortbern Iowa, I wrote Brother 
 Grosh, October 22d, asking a general letter of intro- 
 duction from liim as a prominent member of the 
 Odd Fellows, thinking it might be of service while 
 I would be traveling, as I had now determined to 
 start out and see what I could do for the Order as a 
 deputy at large. On the 27th I received his favor. 
 Also a letter in which he says: 
 
 I really wish I could do more to advance and increase the Granges 
 and Patrons, but I see no way to do it, and I presume the other 
 members of the National Grange find the same difficulties I do. 
 There should be many Granges organized in all the States around 
 the Capitol, and could be if we had some active general dep- 
 uty, like yourself, at work. But where to find him is the 
 question. » * * 
 
 Heaven speed you in your mission, and when you go among 
 
212 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 • 
 Odd Fellows please call their attention to "Grosb's Manual," 
 
 as a standard work in the Order, and eminently needed by every 
 
 Odd Fellow. * * * A. B. Giiosn, 
 
 My correspondence with Doctor E. L. Enos, of 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa, induced me to meet him at 
 Postville, in that State, for the purpose of tho- 
 roughly instructing him in the work of the Order. 
 On my route, I stopped at Northfield and Austin, 
 organizing in each place, and took the opportunity 
 to look up good men for deputies. I organized the 
 Grange at Postville, October 28th, and during my 
 visit there of a few daj's, had the pleasure of 
 making the acquaintance of Brother Paulk, of 
 "VVaukon, who at once took a deep interest in our 
 organization. Rev. A. M. May, of the Waukon 
 Standard, on that occasion, tendered the use of his 
 columns to our cause, and has done us good ser- 
 vice, both in favoring and opposing the movement. 
 
 I returned home Ifovember 1st, and closed up all 
 my farm work for the season, leaving again on 
 the 6th for my winter's work in the Order. Rev. 
 Z. Cook had commenced organizing in good ear- 
 nest. This month added ten new Granges, and I 
 closed it with Eureka Grange, Nunda, Illinois, 
 November 27th, when the following-named per- 
 sons made up the Charter members : 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 2ij 
 
 A. A. Pettihon^e, Mrs. A. A. Pettibone, 
 
 C. C. Pettibone, Maby E. Thompson, 
 Geoege Pettibone, Mary E. Warner, 
 Alex. McGregor, Helen H. Pettibone, 
 Fred. G. Thoju-son, Mrs. W. H. Huffiian, 
 
 D. B. Warner, Mary J. Pettibone, 
 C. E. Rowley, Mrs. J. Goodwin, 
 A. W. DiLLEY, Mrs. L. E. Warner, 
 Job Green, Miss A. Rowley, 
 W. H. Huffman, Miss A. Ellsworth, 
 M. G. Thall, Miss A. Williams. 
 J. Goodwin, Mrs. R. Benton, 
 TiiojirsoN O. DiLLEY, Mrs. H. Bryant, 
 
 L. E. Warner, Mrs. H. B. Tiiroop, 
 
 J. B. Butler, Miss E. Paddock. 
 
 This Tvas the first Grange that did any genuine 
 work in Dlinois. 
 
 From the K^ational Records I copj- as follows : 
 
 AITXUAL MEETIXG. 
 
 National Grange, Washington, D. C, ) 
 Wednesday, December 8ih, 18G9. ) 
 
 Present Brothers Saunders, J. R. Thompson, 
 Grosh, Ireland, and Trimble. 
 
 The National Grange was opened in due form, 
 when a communication was read from Brother 
 0. H. Kelley, Secretary iS'ational Grange, stating 
 that the number and nature of his engagements 
 would render it impossible for him to be present at 
 the session of the National Grange, on this day. 
 That he was engaged in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana, 
 
21^ Patrons of Husband>y. 
 
 organizing Subordinate Granges, and could not 
 reach "Washington before the third week in January. 
 
 The committee, to whom were referred various 
 amendments of the Constitution and By-Laws at 
 the meeting in July last, asked for a postponement 
 of the call for their report until an adjourned 
 meeting, which was granted. 
 
 On motion of Brother Thompson, the National 
 Grange then adjourned until Monday, January 
 17th, at 3 o'clock P. M. 
 
 The following commences our acquaintance with 
 Waukon Grange, which, it is claimed, has held 
 more meetings than any other in the country. 
 
 From Dudley "W. Adams : 
 
 Wadkon, Iowa, DeceroJcr 27th, 1869. 
 Hon. O H. Kellet : 
 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 Thursday P. M., December 33d, a few of the 
 
 farmers of this county met at the Court House and voted to 
 
 organize a Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, to be called 
 
 the Waukon Grange. They enrolled sixteen males and fifteen 
 
 females, who paid respectively the sum of two dollars and fifiy 
 
 cents into the hands of a temporary treasurer. The following 
 
 oiRcers were elected temporarily, viz : 
 
 Master, - - - C. Paulk. 
 
 Lecturer, - - . A. M. May. 
 
 Overseer, .... o. MAnson. 
 
 Steward, CD. Beeman. 
 
 Assistant Steward, ... Ed. HALT.. 
 
 Chaplain, - - . - . A. M. May. 
 
 Ti-easurer, ..... Jacob Goodykoontz. 
 
 Secretary, - . D. w. Adams. 
 
 Gate Keeper, . c. O. Howard. 
 
DUDLEY W. ADAMS. 
 
MRS. D. W. ADAMS 
 
Encouraging Prospects. 215 
 
 On motion of A. M. May, voted that "The Chairman and 
 Secretary confer with O. H. Kelley respecting the time that he 
 can attend to perfect the organization of the Grange." 
 
 Please direct your reply to C. Paulk, Sen., as I shall be absent 
 until the 20th of January. Yours, etc., 
 
 D. W. Adams, Secretary. 
 
 Visited Brother Farris, our Gate-Kceper, at Hen- 
 ry, Illinois, and assisted him in opening a good 
 Grange there. My next successful point was at 
 Honey Creek, Indiana, -where, assisted hy Brother 
 John Weir, we organized the iirst Grange in that 
 State, December 24th, 1809, with the following- 
 named persons : 
 
 Honey Creek Grange, No. 1. 
 
 (Inoludiug Charter Members.) 
 
 JoHX "Weir, D. M. Crandell, 
 
 Thirga Weir, Mrs. C. E. Grovei:, 
 
 O. M. CtTRRY, Martha Clem, 
 
 John Koyse, Mrs. O. M. Curry, 
 
 Fred. F. Corxell, ilRS. J. T. Craxdell, 
 
 George C. Clem, Isabella M. Perkins, 
 
 Ulysses Blockson, Belle Blockson, 
 
 John L. Weir, W. S. Jones, 
 
 Alice Crandell, David Pugh, 
 
 Bay Richardson, S. M. Crandell, 
 
 Mrs. R. Ann Wood, C. E. Gi;over, 
 
 Bexj. Perkins, Molly Clem, 
 
 J. E. Kyman, Sally Weir, 
 
 J. T. Crandell, Mrs. Pamd Pugii. 
 
2i6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 On the 27th I was fortunate in organizing a 
 Grange in Terre Haute, with Brother Ilarvey D. 
 Scott as Master. 
 
 On my route I had written to Brother Saunders 
 asking him to convene the National Grange at 
 the regular time, and then adjourn until I should 
 reach "Washington. 
 
 Some portions of this trip had been decidedly 
 pleasant. I went as far south as Peoria, and there, 
 not meeting with anticipated success, the financial 
 branch of the institution collapsed, but through 
 the kindness of W. L. Dowdall, Editor of the Demo- 
 crat, I found relief. 
 
 The year 1869 closed with thirty-eight new 
 Granges, and several good Deputies enlisted in the 
 work of organizing. 
 
 Cash Eeceipts for 1869. 
 
 January 4— Dispensation Fee for Maple Grange? $15 OO 
 
 " 27, " " Garden City Grange 15 OU 
 
 29, " " Star In the West Grange 15 00 
 
 February 17, " " Aurora Grange 15 00 
 
 17, " " Dew Drop Grange 15 00 
 
 ' 20, " " Kalmar Grange 15 00 
 
 " 23— For Organizing State Grange of Minnesota 50 00 
 
 Jlarcli 11, " Monticello Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 11— State Grange Pee at Monticello, Minnesota 30 00 
 
 " 17— Dispensation Fee at Franklin, Minnesota. 15 00 
 
 " IS, " " Watertown, tlinuesota 15 00 
 
Encouraging Prospects. zij 
 
 " 23— state GraDge Fee at Newport. Minnesota $15 00 
 
 " 23— Dispensation Fee at Newport, Minnesota 14 60 
 
 " 25, " " " Dakota, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 April 2— Donation from Fredonia, New York 25 00 
 
 " 26 — Dispensation Pee for Lake Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 May 28— William M. Ireland 1 U 
 
 " 2S — Dispensation for Belle Plain Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 July IJ, " Clear Water Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 ■ 20, " Centre Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 23— Received of Kalmar Grange for Special Visit 15 00 
 
 " 29 — Dispensation for Plowman Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 29— State Fees Plowman Grange, Minnesota 10 00 
 
 August 5— Dispensation for Glenooe Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 13, " Hassan Valley Grange, Minnesota... 15 00 
 
 " 19, " Forest City Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 September 2, " Fremont Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 2— Deputy's Fees Fremont Grange, Minnesota 22 50 
 
 October 15— Dispensation for Hastings Grange. Minnesota 15 00 
 
 18, " Northfleld Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 2.3, " Austin Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 28, " PostviUe Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 " 30 — Fees for Organizing Granges 65 00 
 
 November 6— Dispensation for Kasson Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 •' 6, " Mantorville Grange, Minnesota.. 15 00 
 
 " 10, ** Owatonna Grange, Minnesota. 15 00 
 
 " 10, *• St. Cliarles Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 20, " Grove Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 22, ■' Leroy Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 22, " Grovelaud Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 23, " Concord Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 29, " Oriental Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 29, " Eureka Grange, Illinois 15 00 
 
 December 4, " Henry Grange, Illinois 15 00 
 
 16, " Pine Island Grange, Minnesota... 15 00 
 
 " 2S, " Halcyon Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 24, " Honey Creek Grange, Indiana 15 00 
 
 " 27, " Terre Haute Grange, Indiana 15 OH 
 
 Fees for Organizing 84 50 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 WORK OF THE YEAR 1870. 
 
 'HE YEAE, 1870 opened with good resolutions, 
 and the usual supply of hope. I made another 
 stop at Indianapolis, and there organized Capital 
 Grange, No. 3 ; thence to Washington. 
 
 On Wednesday, January 17th, the Kecords read 
 as follows: 
 
 The National Grange met according to adjourn- 
 ment, at 3 o'clock p. M. Present, Brothers Saun- 
 ders, J. R. Thompson, Eev. A. B. Grosh, Wni. M. 
 Ireland and John Trimlile, Jr. 
 
 On motion of Doctor Trimble, adjourned to the 
 25th of January. 
 
 ADJOURNED MEETING. 
 
 January 2oth, 1870. 
 
 Pursuant to adjournment, the National Grange 
 convened for its Second Annual Session. 
 
 Present, Brothers Saunders, Kellcy, Grosh, Trim- 
 hie, McDowell, Thompson and Ireland. 
 
 The Secretary read his report as follows: 
 
 218 
 
IJ'or/c of the Year iSjo. 2ig 
 
 "WomnY Master and Patrons: 
 
 "In presenting to you my second Annual Report, 
 it gives me pleasure to say that Dispensations have 
 been issued as follo-vvs: Minnesota has forty, Illi- 
 nois three, Iowa three, Pennsylvania one, New 
 York one, Ohio one. Of this number, thirty-nine 
 have been issued during the past year, against ten 
 the previous year. Added to this, is one State 
 Grange — that of Minnesota. 
 
 "From all whom I have met during my trip, in 
 the past eleven weeks, the most encouraging words 
 of cheer have been spoken. I have commissioned 
 several to act as Deputies, in hope of speedily ex- 
 tending the Order. 
 
 "I earnestly call your attention to the immediate 
 necessity of each member of the National Grange 
 giving more attention to the work, and evincing a 
 marked interest in its progress. Thus far the labor 
 has fallen wholly upon the Secretary, but it is now 
 becoming an institution requiring more than one 
 single head to run it. While you require from me 
 prompt reports of my doings, and take the liberty 
 to censure severely any apparent delays upon my 
 part, it is but justice and courtesy, in return, that 
 you should promptly reply to my communications. 
 The Order has been introduced to the public under 
 difficulties. No liberal donations have been pro- 
 vided from which to draw in an emergency, and 
 the work has been up-hill business. 
 
 "While endeavoring to make my office self-sup- 
 porting I have been under the necessity of incurring 
 
220 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 personal debts to the amount of three hundred dol- 
 lars, mostly for prhiting, having confidence in the 
 future prosperity of the Order. 
 
 " Our great need now is a good and efficient force 
 of Deputies to be at work in every State in the 
 Union. To further this work, it seems to me im- 
 jiortant that a Subordinate or a Deputy's Grange be 
 immedia'tely established in this city. Let this be 
 under the supervision of the National Grange, as a 
 school of instruction for persons who Avish to be- 
 come Deputies. Let the National Grange receive 
 all fees and defray all expenses. I think, with a 
 little exertion, we may, in two weeks, secure a mem- 
 bership of one hundred, and thus raise funds enough 
 to pay oiF all debts. 
 
 "There is strong desire among the German popu- 
 lation in the West to have our Ritual, Circulars, 
 etc., printed in the German language. 
 
 "I would call your attention to the necessity of 
 establishing, at an early daj-, a newspaper at the 
 Capitol, to be the organ of our Order, and place it 
 under the immediate supervision of our Worthy 
 INIaster. I suggest that this be done by a stock 
 company, consisting of members of the Order. The 
 plan of such a company is for you to devise. 
 
 " The proposed amendments to the Constitution 
 should be considered, as the Fourth Edition must 
 be published immediately. A revision of the Order 
 of Business is essential, and I suggest that all the 
 obligations be condensed and given in the Liitia- 
 tory Degree. 
 
fc> 
 
 Wo)-k of the Vear i8jo. 221 
 
 "The plans of Jewels were submitted to Mr. 
 Seymour, of Syracuse, and I am daily anticipating 
 a letter from him giving the estimate of their cost. 
 lie suggested a change in the forms, which I thmk 
 will meet your favor. 
 
 " The Honorar^r and Associate Members of the 
 Xational Grange, approved at our last session, are 
 Col. D. A. Robertson, St. Paul; Hon. Eugene Un- 
 derwood, Louisville, Kv., and H. D. Emery, Chica- 
 go, IlL 
 
 "In connection Avith the proposed amendments, I 
 have received the following letter from Brother 
 Sam. E. Adams, to whom, as a good adviser, was 
 submitted a decision I made last fall : 
 
 MoNTicELLO, Minn., September, 18G9. 
 Brother O. H. : 
 
 In 3'OHr favor of the 10th instant, you have asked me to 
 
 review your decision, -which I will, briefly, and give you my 
 
 reasons therefor. 
 
 Article V. National Grange Constitution, at its close, says, one 
 
 vote rejects. 
 In most secret societies, when one ballot rejects, it is a well 
 
 settled principle, that every member should be allowed perfect 
 freedom in the exercise of his or her ballot. lie cannot be dic- 
 tated to, or in any way influenced, or called to account for the 
 vote he may give. It is his or her sacred right, for the abuse of 
 which, accountability is only to one's own conscience and to God. 
 On the other hand, a member has neither a legal or moral right 
 to avail himself of his position to prejudice the character of any 
 man, nor to gratify his personal animosity, whether the object of 
 his dislike be the petitioner or the Grange. When he departs 
 from the rule of justice, and the' obligation of the Fourth Degree, 
 he grossly abuses his privileges, becomes a dangerous member of 
 the Grange, lays himself liable to discipline, and, the fact being 
 
222 Pah'ons of Husbandry. 
 
 proven, to expulsion. Every Grange ought to possess ample power 
 to protect itself, as well against an unruly and troublesome mem- 
 ber, as against the violation of any of its laws. It is immaterial 
 whether there is any special provision in its By-Laws to meet a 
 particular case, the common law pertaining to secret organiza- 
 tions is ample for the purpose. The law of self-preservation is, 
 moreover, paramount to either. In a society like this, the 
 Patrons of Husbandry, less limit and fewer restrictions are needed. 
 It is not so exclusive as most other organizations, and its aims 
 and ends are higher and more extensive ; hence, I am of the 
 opinion that three, at least, negative ballots should be required to 
 constitute a rejection. It takes three in the Druids, and four 
 black balls in the Good Templars to reject. Even in the later 
 editions of Ancient Constitutions of the Masonic Fraternity the 
 following appears : But it was found inconvenient to insist on 
 unanimity in several cases. And, therefore, the Grand Masters 
 have allowed the lodges to admit a member, if not above three 
 ballots were against him ; though some lodges desire no such 
 allowance. However, at present in the United States, I do not 
 know of any exception to an unanimous vote in order to secure 
 admission to an applicant, save South Carolina, where two or 
 more black balls are required to reject. 
 
 It is an exceedingly difficult and delicate task to perform, to 
 investigate, impugn and reprove the motives of any person exer- 
 cising the right of casting his or her vote. Therefore, I would 
 urge upon the National Grange to require three or four negative 
 votes in order to reject the petition of an applicant, instead of one, 
 as required now. We have experienced the same troubles here, 
 but have acquiesced, trusting the proposed alteration would ulti- 
 mately be efliacted. In haste, Sam. E. Adams. 
 
 " I have several other letters for your considera- 
 tion at the proper time. 
 
 "In conclusion, I congratulate you upon our suc- 
 cess and prospects, and think within twelve mouths 
 we will have an association you can feel proud of" 
 
 The proposed amendments to the Constitution 
 were then taken up and passed, as follows: 
 
IVorl' of the Year i8jo. 22 j 
 
 Akticle I. Section 1. After Gate-Keeper, add, "Ceres, 
 Flora, Pomona, and Lady Assistant Steward." 
 
 liec. 3. Add, "and Deputies to organize Granges where no 
 Slate Grange exists.'' 
 
 Article II. Section 1. Erase, "for ■work in tlie different 
 degrees," and insert the word "may." 
 
 Sec. 2. To read, " State Granges shall meet annually at such 
 time and place as the Grange shall from year to year determine. 
 
 Sec. 3. Erase "December," and insert "January." 
 
 Article III. After the words, " All laws of," insert "State 
 and.' 
 
 Article V. Erase the word "engaged," and insert "in- 
 tended;'' erase " one vote rejects," and insert, " it shall require 
 tliroe negative votes to reject an applicant." 
 
 Article VII. Add Section 0. Payments in all Granges 
 shall be made to the Secretary, who shall pay the amount to the 
 Treasurer, taking his receipt for the same. 
 
 Article IX. Strike out Article I. 
 
 Sec. 4. Insert the words, "or Sister,'' after the word 
 "Brother." 
 
 Strike out all of Section 5, " any member found guilty of 
 wanton cruelty to animals, shall be expelled from the Order." 
 
 Article VII. Erase, and insert in lieu thereof, "no Grange 
 shall confer more than two degrees at the same meeting, unless 
 by virtue of a dispensation." 
 
 George D. Hinckley, of Fredonia, X. Y.; Harvey 
 D. Scott, of Tcrre Haute, Ind., and William Paist, 
 Secretary of State Grange of Minnesota, were, on 
 motion of the Secretary, recognized as members of 
 the Council. 
 
 The Subordinate Granges having made repeated 
 calls upon the Secretary for paraphernalia and 
 forms, to facilitate their work, he was authorized to 
 furnish the same. 
 
 Among other letters presented, was the following 
 from ^Y. D. Haley: 
 
22^ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Indianapolis, January 13tt, 1870. 
 Dear Brother Kelley : 
 
 * * * In preparing our By-Laws, I have made 
 some changes, as you will see by the enclosed. I also submit the 
 following as an 
 
 Order op Business : 
 
 1. Opening the Grange. 
 
 2. Reading the Minutes. 
 
 3. Reports of Committees on Candidates. 
 
 4. Balloting for Candidates. 
 
 5. Proposals for Membership. 
 
 C. Is any member sick or in distress? 
 
 7. Are any of our neighbors needing food, fuel, or clothing ? 
 
 8. Reports of Standing Committees. 
 
 9. Reports of Special Committees. 
 
 10. Bills and Accounts. 
 
 11. Unfinished Business. 
 13. New Business. 
 
 13. Suggestions for Good of the Order. 
 
 14. Conferring of Degrees. 
 
 15. Receipts of the evening announced. 
 
 16. Closing. 
 
 * * * In haste, yours truly, 
 
 "W. D. Haley. 
 
 This order of business was adopted. 
 
 The National Grange approved of the Secretary's 
 plan of allowing Deputies to collect three dollars 
 from male and fifty cents from female members. 
 
 On motion, adjourned till the call of the Master. 
 
 I spent several days in "Washington at this time, 
 the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Saunders. 
 
 To carry out the plan for a Deputy's Grange, we 
 invited some of the old members of Harvest Grange 
 to meet with us, and wc established a temporary 
 
Work of the Year i8yo. 225 
 
 Grange. Had two meetings, at one of which we 
 made C. C. Hutchinson familiar with the work in 
 the several degrees, and so interested him in the 
 Order, that he accepted an appointment as Deputy 
 for the IsTew England and Middle States. 
 
 As we were small in numbers, it was decided as 
 injudicious to publish any report of our proceedings 
 for general circulation; but about a week after our 
 adjournment. Brother Saunders wrote a short speech 
 for publication, as having been delivered at this ses- 
 sion. It was published in the Washington Repuh- 
 lican, and I purchased one hundred copies of the 
 paper for distribution. It reads as follows: 
 
 Pateons : Before closing this meeting, it seems to nic expedi- 
 ent to briefly recapitulate some of the most important objects of 
 the Order, and its aims as a society. 
 
 To increase the products of the earth by increasing the knowl- 
 edge of the producer, is the basis of our structure ; to learn and 
 apply the revelations of science, so far as relates to the various 
 products of the vegetable world, and to dififuse the truths and 
 general principles of the science and art of agriculture, are ulti- 
 mate objects of our organization. We freely avail ourselves of 
 the valuable results of scientific investigations in establishing 
 principles (which, although sometimes difficult of discovery, are 
 always of easy application when properly understood,) and seek 
 10 disseminate knowledge upon every subject that bears upon the 
 increase of the productions and wealth of the nation. 
 
 One of the first duties of every Grange is to form a good 
 librarj'. This should be well supplied with elementary works 
 15 
 
226 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 in the various branches of natural iiistory, standard works on 
 agriculture, liorticulture, pomology, physiology, rural architec- 
 ture, landscape gardening, breeding aud raising of stock, and 
 those of similar import. It is suggested that treatises on princi- 
 ples and fundamental laws should have special preference. The 
 practices, more varied in their details, will be found from time to 
 time in the periodicals devoted to these subjects. 
 
 The social relaxation from every-day duties and toils, inculca- 
 ted and encouraged by the Order, is keenly appreciated by its 
 members. The barriers to social intercourse that are thrown 
 around society by despotic fashion are ruthlessly thrown down 
 and trodden under foot, and we meet on a common footing, with 
 the common object in view of receiving and contributing the 
 highest enjoyments of civilized society. 
 
 To make country homes and country society attractive, refined 
 and enjoyable ; to balance exhaustive labors by instructive social 
 amusements and accomplishments, is part of our mission and our 
 aim. 
 
 The admission of women to full membership, and their assist- 
 ance in the workings of the Order, is proving of incalculable 
 value ; it is indeed doubtful whether the objects of the institution, 
 especially in regard to the refinements of education, and all tliat 
 tends to brighten hearths and enliven homes, could have been 
 accomplished without her presence and aid. 
 
 In establishing an organization of this kind, we must not allow 
 our energies to relax by any apparent indiflference, or even 
 avowed hostility to our cause. This we must expect, as there is 
 no popular movement exempt from opposition. There is always 
 a class of doubters who predict failure, otliers misconstrue motives, 
 and still others who freely give opinions without investigating 
 the objects sought to be attained or the methods by which they 
 are to be accomplished. 
 
IVorA of the Year iSyo. 22"/ 
 
 Tlie secret ceremony of initiation of members has, as was 
 anticipated, been objected to by a few persons ; but we are al- 
 ready well convinced that the efficient discipline necessar}' to 
 secure a permanent organization could not be attained bj' any 
 oilier means, thus completely realizing the onl}- object that sug- 
 gested its adoption, and it meets the warm approval of all those 
 who have experienced the transitory existence of rural clubs and 
 societies, and who recognize in our simple but efficient rulee 
 elements of success based upon a solid and lasting foundation. 
 
 It is gratifj'ing to know that wherever our motives and oljjccts 
 have been explained and clearly understood, we meet witli sup- 
 port. The times were auspicious for the introduction of this 
 Order. The change of events which allowed the minds of the 
 people to subside from the bustle and all-absorbing interests of 
 war to the calm and jirosperily of peace, called for new organiza- 
 tions, based upon the industrial arts, rather than upon political 
 theories — a basis that appeals to the patriotism and sensibilities 
 of every cultivated and right-minded individual. 
 
 The many advantages that natural!}' flow from a society of 
 this kind need not be enumerated, even if it were practicable to 
 do so. Suggestions of great moment are constantly being pre- 
 sented, and accumulate in a degree beyond all expectation. 
 Not the least of these is that of co-operation in every branch of 
 rural economy, valuable alike to the producer and the consumer. 
 This is a subject of great moment, and one requiring, as it is 
 receiving, careful and cautious consideration ; so that while 
 members of the Order are protected, the rights of others will not 
 be infringed, but that all will be benefited. 
 
 In conclusion, I may remark that we have every incentive to 
 encourage us in the prosecution of this work. We cannot do 
 otherwise than to go on prospering and to prosper, for whatever 
 may take place in modes of government, or changes occur in tho 
 
228 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 artificial tastes of societ}-, one thing is certain, that our greatest 
 dependance will ever be upon the productions of the soil, and the 
 educated cultivator possesses the knowledge upon which is 
 reared the structure of national wealth and national character. 
 
 January 31st, I received the following from Bro- 
 tlier Bartlett: 
 
 KoKTH Madison, Ohio, January 2Wi, 1870. 
 My Dear Brother : 
 
 Yours of the 25th instant awaited me on my return home 
 from the annual meeting of the Ohio Dairymen's Association at 
 Wellington. 
 
 I have scores of excuses for my apparent apathy in the work 
 
 of our Order, but I refrain from expressing them until I see you. 
 
 We will be ready for you one week from today, if within the 
 
 range of possibilities. Call and see us, at any rate, and depend 
 
 upon a cordial welcome. Fraternally Yours, 
 
 A. Bartlett. 
 
 From this I felt sanguine of success in starting 
 Granges in Ohio; but a sudden and severe attack erf 
 sickness, which, thanks to Mrs. Saunders' kind care, 
 was of short duration, had a tendency to change my 
 views somewhat. Buoyancy and despondency alter- 
 nated, and I determined at this time to either give 
 up the work or move my family to Washington, 
 and, putting all other things aside, give exclusive 
 attention to the Order. 
 
 On leaving Washington early in February, I 
 stopped cnroute at Fredonia, and with Brother 
 
JVi^ri of the Year i8jo. 22<) 
 
 Hinckley visited Brockton, in hope of organizing a 
 Grange; but "without success. 
 
 On reaching Brother Bartlett's, February ISth, 
 he was absent from home. I was corcliall}- received 
 1^3' Mrs. Bartlett, and at her urgent request, decided 
 to remain until his return. It was cold and stormy 
 out of doors much of the week, and I wrote several 
 discouraging letters to Brothers Saunders and Mc- 
 Dowell. In reply. Brother Saunders wrote : 
 
 "WAsniNGTON, Monday, 
 
 February 21s(, 1870. 
 Bkother Kelley : 
 
 *****! enclose twenty dollars. Any 
 
 time you get stuck, always let me know. As long as I can beg, 
 
 borrow or steal an X for you, I'll do it. I sent three letters to 
 
 Chicago to you last week. ****** 
 
 Yours, Wm. Saunders. 
 
 To McDowell: 
 
 I reached here last night, but failed to find Brother Bartlett 
 at home. I am out of funds entirely, and never felt more dis- 
 couraged in my life. I think of resigning my position as Secre- 
 tary. Am worried so much by being continually short of funds; 
 it takes away all my ambition, and is fretting me to death. 
 
 Will be pleased to hear from you, if you will write a cheerful 
 letter. O. II. K. 
 
 On Brother Bartlett's return, we decided that our 
 best point would be at East Cleveland, where Ave 
 went on the 2d of March, and organized a Subor- 
 
2J0 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 dinatc Grange — tlic first in tlie State — with the fol- 
 lowing named persons : 
 
 O. D. FOKD, Mrs. O. D. Ford, 
 
 TiiojiAs Hodges, Mrs. Thomas Hodges, 
 Mattheav Crawford, Mrs. M. Crawford, 
 
 Jonx W. Gale, Mrs. J. W. Gale, 
 
 John J. Phare, Mrs. John J. Piiare, 
 
 M. G. Penticost, Mrs. M. G. Penticost, 
 
 Wii. Crawford, Mrs. Wji. Crawford, 
 
 John Phare, M. Keagix. 
 
 It was my desire to thoroughly instruct the mem- 
 bers in the Ritual, and appointed several Deputies 
 who should go from here into other parts of the 
 State and push the work. At Brother B.'s sugges- 
 tion, I agreed to remain here until he made a busi- 
 ness trip of a few days. In the meantime we re- 
 ceived the account of Brother Hutchinson's meet- 
 ing with the !N"cw York Farmers' Club. It was 
 his first, and proved to be his last, public eflbrt in 
 the cause. It made a stir among the old fogies of 
 that mutual admiration society, and proved a capi- 
 tal advertisement for our Order. 
 
 Being delayed here so much longer than I had 
 anticipated, I wrote to Brother Hinckley to advance 
 me funds, to which he replied : 
 
 Feedonia, New York. 
 BROTnER Kelley : 
 
 It gives me great pleasure to enclose you the sum asked 
 
 for. Please command me for similar favors at anytime. I shall 
 
 always cheerfully comply. Yours, G. D. Hinckley. 
 
lVo!-/c of the Year iS-jo. 2ji 
 
 I also received a similar favor from Brother 
 Blakelee. Brother Bartlett returned, seriously ill, 
 and had to leave for his home the next day; I have 
 not seen him since. Left Cleveland in a snow 
 storm. At Chicago A\'e Avere blocked in when 
 reaching the city limits. From thence to Itasca 
 tl trip was a series of A"cxations and expensive de- 
 lays — the roads being blocked with snow. Kcached 
 home March 19th, having been al")scnt five months. 
 The discouragements and tedious close of the trip 
 fi::ed the resolution to take my family to a latitude 
 where they would be accessible in Avinter, without 
 the use of steam snow plows. 
 
 The following letters, received at home during 
 mv absence, will be read with interest: 
 
 From William Paist: 
 
 State Grange op Minnesota, ) 
 St. Paul, January 'dd, IHTO. ) 
 S1.-5TEK C. A. Hall, 
 
 Assistant Secretary National Orange : 
 
 I received yours of December 21st. Twenty 
 hours' work per day since, is my only excuse for not answering 
 sooner. I have written Special Deputj' Coolv a long letter, and 
 enclosed one to Grove Grange, that I hope wiU be satisfactory. 
 I would fill up the Charter just as you did, for it is better to get 
 along the best we can with a new organization ; yet I know it is 
 bad to establish anyprccedents which may come up to our injury 
 in the future. 
 Yesterday was the greatest day for Patrons and their families 
 
2J2 Patrons of Ihtsbandiy. 
 
 I liave ever seen in St. Paul. I looked anxiously for you and 
 Bi-otlier Kellcy's family. Our large hall was crowded all day, 
 and at night until 13 o'clock, with Patrons, their wives and chil- 
 dren. Initiated about a dozen ladies and gents, and adjourned 
 to banquet— a splendid one. Then installed officers, and the 
 balance of the time danced and eat oysters, and had a good time 
 generally, and went home happy. .To-day finds me answering 
 some thirty letters. Fraternally yours, 
 
 Wm. Paist, Secretary State Orange. 
 
 From Doctor James L. Enos : 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa, ith January, 1870. 
 O. H. Kbllet : 
 
 Deak Sik akd BnoTFEK : 
 
 I have yours of December 21st. Previous letters 
 received. Should have written, but presumed you were on the 
 wing, and would not get my answers. 
 
 The ball is moving in Iowa. I have had several articles in 
 different i^apers, and shall keep a noise going that way to attract 
 attention. In the Ilomesiead, articles have appeared. 
 
 I propose very soon now to commence organizing. I think 
 this month and next will tell something, though money is very 
 close, and men are very careful about parting with a dollar. I 
 am getting the Order well advertised. * * * * 
 
 Fraternally, James L. Enos. 
 
 From "W. D. Haley: 
 
 Ikdianopolis, January IStJi, 1870. 
 Deak Brother Kei-ley : 
 
 * * * Inquiries coming in from all quarters. I 
 have an idea to get up a special circular for this State, addressed 
 not 80 exclusively to Agriculturists, etc., but recommending the 
 
IVor/c of the Year i8jo. 
 
 -jj> 
 
 matter to those who can appreciate a Secret Society possessing a 
 sublime Kitual, and having beyond the special!}' of agriculture, 
 the general purposes of benevolence and social benefit. While I 
 do not under-estimate or overlook the importance of the Order, 
 as pertaining to agricultural matters, I am convinced that to 
 make it a permanent and wide-spread success, we must enlist 
 those who, at commercial and manufacturing centres, can give 
 it intellectual and social force, to enable it to reach the very class 
 its founders designed it siiecially for, i. e., the country farmers. 
 Hoping to hear from j'ou soon, I remain, 
 
 Fraternally yours, W. D. Haley 
 
 From "William Paist: 
 
 St. Paul, Mikn., January "idd, 1870. 
 Beother O. II. : 
 
 I received yours of January 15th, from "Washington. We 
 are well and getting along ; in fact Miss Carrie and myself are 
 running the Patrons to the fullest extent. We now have forty 
 organized Granges, and two or three more waiting to get at 
 work. We sadlj' need your genial countenance and assistance 
 among them. Decided not to have a meeting of the State Grange 
 in rebruar}^ because of the hard times throughout the State, and 
 save the money it would cost, to get out of debt. * « * 
 Half of North Star Grange took a sleigh ride to Newport, Satur- 
 day, and had a splendid time. The banquet was grand. Some 
 of us went to Farmington. I installed their ofQcers in a church 
 publicly, and Brother Bently made a short speech. I tell you I 
 was glad to be there. * * * It seems like the lower 
 the price of wheat the more fun we have, and does not take up 
 all one's time looking after the mone}-. 
 
 * * * Thank you for proposing me as a member of 
 
 the National Grange. Hope you will vote in favor of three black 
 
^j^ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 balls, as personal pique will often show itself in one, but hardly 
 ever -will three persons act mean at the same time. * * 
 
 Fraternally yours, Wm. Paist. 
 
 From Brother Haley : 
 
 Ikdiaxapolis, January 2Wi, 1870. 
 Deak Brother Kelley ; 
 
 * * * I have printed five hundred circulars, of 
 ■which I send you a copy. Bland and Taylor are so well pleased 
 "with it, they have ordered five hundred more for their own use. 
 I am, in a few minutes, going to see Mankedick, to suggest his 
 having it translated and printed in German. The circulars by you 
 are good, but we want to reach another class who may be in- 
 terested from other than exclusively agricultural motives. 
 I also enclose form of blanks printed for the use of our Grange. 
 Yours fraternally, W. D. Haley. 
 
 During this winter the correspondence increased 
 very fast. The notices published in the various 
 papers of the "West, brought many letters of inquiry-. 
 Among the interesting features of our work, was 
 going to the Post Office, situated just two miles 
 from the farm. Owing to drifting snows on the 
 prairie, it was frequently necessary to break the 
 road when the drifts were almost impassable for 
 horses. 
 
 From H. D. Scott: 
 
 Terrb Haute, Ikd., February \^ih, 1870. 
 O. H. Kelley, — Dear Sir : 
 
 Yours enclosing "Key " duly received. I also received 
 circulars from Deputy Haley. We will pay for all these papers, 
 
JVorA of the Year i8yo. 2jj 
 
 but as no bill comes with tliem, I do not know what amount to 
 send. We were doing very well, remarkably well, until last 
 evening, when we ran against a " Sawyer," in the shape of a 
 motion to dispense with the Harvest Dance. The debate I'an 
 high, and the motion finally prevailed, and the result, while it 
 satisfied one party and did not so much displease the other, left 
 an unpleasant farewell that will take a short time to work out. 
 Both parties were sorry, and I think a. little ashamed of the 
 whole thing. I have looked upon this part of the Ceremony as 
 not of absolute necessity in all eases, and like an3'thing else that 
 could not be very well done in the kind of assembly we have. 
 * * * A few words from you will have a good effect, 
 and put the whole thing in good shape. 
 
 Fraternally yours, H. D. Scott. 
 
 This was ansAvercd by Miss Hall, as follows; 
 
 Itasca, Minn., February 22d, 1S70. 
 11. D. Scott : 
 
 Worthy Brother : 
 
 Your favor of February 15th, inquiring in regard to 
 Harvest Dance, received. Brother Kelley has not yet returned, 
 but as soon as he arrives your letter will be answered in full. I 
 will say, however, that it is optional with the members of your 
 Grange whether they will have the dance or not. No serious 
 objections have been made to it, and a majority join in the harm- 
 less recreation. 
 Hoping that unity may prevail, I am yours fraternally, 
 
 C. A. Hall. 
 
 From Doctor James L. Enos: 
 
 BROTnEE, Kellky : 
 
 I am hoarse with a cold, but busy myself as best I can 
 writing letters to prominent men, and for the papers. I have a 
 
2j6 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 heavy avlicle this week in the Linn County Signal, and another 
 in the Vinton Eagle. * * * I hope some of them 
 may be copied in other papers and that we will get things going 
 after a while. # * * Fraternally, 
 
 Jas. L. Enos. 
 
 Brother Haley was very anxious for the Ritual in 
 German, but it did not meet with favor. He wrote: 
 
 Ikdianapolis, February 33(Z, 1870. 
 Dear Brothek Kellby : 
 
 * * * I can get the translation done for $30.00, 
 well done by a highly accomplished man. I hope you will 
 authorize it, for we need it immediately, and Iliane set tlie man 
 to work. Of course, I had no authority to do this, but the Ger- 
 mans are crowding me for a Grange here. » * * 
 Please issue commissions to the following, on my recommenda- 
 tion. Both are good men. 
 
 Ira S. King, for Indiana. He is by all odds the best posted and 
 best working brother in our Grange. 
 
 Henry Collins, for Michigan and Indiana. Send his documents 
 to Cold Water, Michigan. * * * 
 
 Yours fraternally, W. D. Haley. 
 
 From William Paist: 
 
 St. Paul, February 27th, 1870. 
 Miss C. A. Hall, 
 
 Assistant Secretary of the National Orange : 
 
 Worthy Sister : 
 
 I received your letter a few days since. 
 
 Enclosed I send you an application approved. I have sent T. A. 
 
 Thompson a commission as Special Deputy. I have organized a 
 
 Grange at Cottage Grove, and enclose you the names for Charter. 
 
 The fee I will send as you may direct. 
 
Wo7-^ of the Year iSyo. 2jy 
 
 Brother Kelley wrote me from Frcdonia, and tliinks we had 
 better soon have a meeting of the State Grange. I incline to 
 favor his views. Write often. 
 
 Fraternally yours, Wm. Paist. 
 
 From Brother Saunders: 
 
 Washington, March ith, 1870. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 Brother Hutchinson had a hard time of it at New York. 
 
 I send you a series of reports from the Tribune, Times, and H'ew 
 
 Yorker. The World comes out the most unjust of all of them, 
 
 and endeavored to burlesque the whole affair, misrepresenting us 
 
 in every possible way. * * * Some day we will 
 
 show thera that our plans are practical. * * * -yye 
 
 bide our time. I received your Cleveland letter this morning 
 
 only. Glad to know you are encouraged there. No doubt at all 
 
 about success, if we can do our part here. That is the greatest 
 
 want at present. 
 
 We will have a good Grange here soon. Four will be initiated 
 on Monday evening, and I know of several others. The New 
 York affair will advertise us, any how. 
 
 Respects to Brother Bartlett. 
 
 Tours fraternally, William Saunders. 
 
 P. S. I enclose a letter from Thos. B. Bryan, a millionaire of 
 Chicago fame, and a thorough gentleman in ever}' respect. See 
 what he thinks of us. Return his letter, please. W. S. 
 
 lie also wrote in another letter under date of 
 
 March 9, 1870. 
 I was intending to enclose twenty dollars for you, but it 
 might not reach you. If you get this before leaving ClcvcJand, 
 
2j8 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 and want money, try and borrow it from Mr. Harris, and I will 
 
 refund him at once- 
 
 Dr. Bland has a good notice in his March number. I saw 
 
 another Western Rural paper, with my speech in full. 
 
 W. S. 
 
 From Brother C. Paulk, to Brother Wm. Paist, 
 
 St. Paul : 
 
 ■Watjkon, Iowa, March lith, 1870. 
 * * * Our Grange is very flourishing,— well 
 supplied with regalia and working tools,— and numbers about 
 seventy, all first-rate members. They are coming in as fast as we 
 can initiate and raise them. 
 
 We hold degree meetings once a week, and as yet have not 
 been able to have any discussions on Agricultural subjects. 
 
 Yours, C. Padlk. 
 
 From T. A. Thompson : 
 
 Plaintiew, Minn., March li, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Sir : 
 
 About the middle of February a Grange was established 
 in this place. It now members fifty-one members. We like it 
 thus far, well. Its local advantages, we think, will amply re- 
 ward us. If Granges multiply, as I believe they are sure to, 
 and arrangements are perfected whereby manufactures and 
 markets can be brought in direct communication with Subordinate 
 Grangt s, and we can o -operate so as to be a power in the land, 
 according to our numerical and financial relation to other inter- 
 ests, grand results will surely accrue. * * * 
 
 I expect to institute another Grange in this County in two or 
 tliiee weeks. I think there will be four in this County within a 
 year. 
 
 If the mission of this Order is not to accomplish great good in 
 
T. A. THOMPSON. 
 
JVorJi- of the Year iSjo. 2jp 
 
 behalf of the producing classes, then we may giye up and expect 
 no one to arise that -will. It appears to me, this combines the 
 elements of success. The Ritual is pleasing and beautiful. Hope 
 we shall have some Odes soon. We want singing. It is an ex- 
 cellent feature that woman is admitted to a full share in the work, 
 benefits and influence. Good men taking hold of it here, and we 
 shall have a good Grange. * * * 
 
 Yours truly, Thos. A. Thompson, Master. 
 
 The business of oro-anizino; Subordinate Granc-es 
 Avas beginning to be a matter of serious thought. 
 My experience thus far satisfied me that it required 
 men of peculiar tact, and success must in the end 
 be accomplished by sending such men as Deputies 
 all over the country. Until these could be secured, 
 we must organize by letter, and run the risk, in so 
 doing, of communicating the work to unreliable 
 parties. On these points my mind was made up, 
 and the plans I then adopted have prevailed, until 
 in one month, that of February, 1874, we organized 
 by Deputies in person, two thousand two hundred 
 and thirty-four Subordinate Granges, — a work un- 
 paralleled in the history of organizations. I had some 
 opposition, as will be seen by the following from 
 Brother Saunders : 
 
 ■WASHiNGTOJf, D. C, March 2Dtt, 1870. 
 Mt Dbak KEiiLEV : 
 
 We are now inundated with letters about the Patrons. 
 I can see that our true policy is to advertise, and pay for good 
 
2^0 Patrons of Hiisbandij. 
 
 advertisements. No other kind of notice seems to amount to 
 much. To all inquirers I write thus, and wish you to take a 
 note of it, so that we may do all our business in a uniform man- 
 ner, to wit : 
 
 " To form a Grange there must be twenty or more males who 
 will subscribe three dollars each, and ten or more females who 
 will subscribe fifty cents each. These are charter members. 
 When the National Grange has proper evidence that sixty-five 
 dollars arc deposited with a banker or responsible firm, a Deputy 
 will be detailed to organize a Grange, and he will return twenty- 
 five dollars to the person or persons who have incurred expenses, 
 and given their time to do the work of soliciting members, and 
 collecting these fees. The balance is transmitted to the National 
 Grange who will settle with its deputies." 
 
 In this way we will not incur expenses traveling around solicit- 
 ing membership. It will not only be cheaper, but it will be more 
 effective in every way. We might spend a thousand dollars in 
 going about, and not organize ten Granges; for one hundred dollars 
 advertising we might form a hundred Granges. * » * 
 Our best mode is as I suggest. We can never expect to organize 
 largely by individual canvassers. * * * 
 
 W. Saunders. 
 
 I replied that this would do very well for theory. 
 Though but thirty-one Granges had been organized 
 by me in person up to that time, my work was not 
 to be taken as any criterion. I was satisfied any 
 ordinary man who could talk, and would put his 
 heart into the work, could organize ten to my one, 
 and it was such men I was hunting for in my travels. 
 The men must be found, and then fay ihcm well to 
 
iro?-/c of tlic Year iSjo. 241 
 
 secure good ivorlc. I determined to make a business 
 matter of this part of the work, and bring it to a 
 success. The issuing of tioenty-three thousand Char- 
 ters is the result, and this the united labor of one 
 thousand nine hundred and twenty-five Deputies. 
 
 To the credit of these men, permit me to saj, 
 were I to commence a similar business to-day, I 
 would select cei'tain ones from this number and 
 make an equal success of whatever might be under- 
 taken. 
 
 From Saunders. 
 
 Washington, D. C, March 28ih, 1870. 
 Dear Kellet: 
 
 I received, to-day, j'oiirs of the 22d, with inclosures. You 
 ask me to send you such letters as I receive. That would be too 
 big a job. I had ten this morning,* which shows how the thing 
 is getting abroad. It takes a great deal of time to answer these, 
 but I will do it as far as possible. * * * 
 
 Our prospects are brighter than ever. You must impress all 
 the members with the necessity of their working for the com- 
 mon good. They must each and all of them keep thinking and 
 suggesting new schemes of usefulness. They must not suppose 
 that the National Grange can immediately make the Order what 
 it will grow to be. We have given them a principle of organiza- 
 
 * In December of this year, 1S70, Brother Saunders passed over in ju'' 
 all letters he had received relative to the Order— sixty-two in .ill. Tn 
 each of these I sent new circulars. During the compilation of this 
 History I have addressed each iwiier, and find that nine out of ten are 
 members. 
 
 16 
 
2/1.2 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 tion and co-operation, such as cannot well be improved upon, 
 and superior to any other in the world. But efficiency depends 
 upon numbers. It Is only in its infancy, and we must have a 
 good congregation before we can get and maintain good preach- 
 ers. * * * Yours very truly, 
 
 William Sattndeks. 
 
 In another letter from Brother Saunders, I find 
 the following : 
 
 I have been through the Eitual. It is in a worse condition 
 than I thought. The cry is to make it brief. This agrees with 
 my opinion, and I will propose a slight reduction in some of the 
 lectures and charges. There is a good deal of repetition and 
 tautology all through it. The funeral service I think the model 
 portion of the whole. "W. S. 
 
 From a letter written to Brother Saunders at this 
 time, I quote : 
 
 The idea of discussions upon how to raise crops, is stale. 
 They all want some plan of work to oppose the infernal monop- 
 olies. This seems to be uppermost in the mind of every mem- 
 ber I have conversed with. The "how to do it," is the rub. I 
 think we can, by-and-by, introduce some system of insurance, so 
 as to insure at cost. O. H. K. 
 
 Again I wrote him: 
 
 Itasca, Minn., April 5th, 1870. 
 Deab Brother Saunders : 
 
 Have just reached home, and take the first train for Monli- 
 cello and Clear AVater, to visit Granges. Yours of 28th is here. 
 I wrote you Saturday and Sunday. » * * jiy ^jjjj. 
 ing Granges here counts me nothing, and I have to do it at my 
 
Wor^ of the Year iSjo. 2^j 
 
 own expense. I do hope you ■will get some good active men 
 into your Grange, -who will go into the field and go to work. 
 That's the way the forty-six Granges in this State were started, 
 and that's the way I started them in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, 
 New York, and in Washington. Sitting down writing letters 
 will not organize Granges. Some beloved brother must be 
 present and set them in motion. The fee we allow Deputies now 
 is sufficient inducement for them to work, and my idea is to have 
 an army of them at it. 
 
 Your suggestions in this letter before me, are excellent, and 
 meet my views exactly ; but before we can lay out much work 
 for them to do, we must get Granges established all over the 
 country. We have a pile of letters by the last mails — inquiries 
 about the Order. * * * 
 
 I have been at home but three successive days for six months. 
 We are laboring under disadvantage in this work by being so 
 far apart. Yours truly, O. H. K. 
 
 From Brother Saunders : 
 
 Washinqtok, April Wi, 1870. 
 Mt DeakKellbt: 
 
 I am very hard driven, but have prepared a circular* for 
 the Granges, at present. As soon as I can get at it, will go to 
 work on a general new circular — a business circular. Guess we 
 will not need much more advertising. I have just had an in- 
 terview with the Regent of the University of Kentucky, where 
 they have eight hundred students. * * * He is with 
 us heart and soul. He wants Hutchinson to go there as soon as 
 he can and organize fifty thousand members in Kentucky. That 
 
 • This circular, after consulting with Brothers Palst and Robinson, 
 I did not publish. , 
 
^^^ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 is bis talli, and these his figures. Such arc the men who will 
 help us. By Jove, it takes a thorough man to see through 
 all the powers of this Order. Your groveling, one-idea chaps 
 can't compass it. That's my experience. 
 
 One great want is Deputies that can organize. What use giving 
 commissions to men who know nothing about the work. All 
 these up in Ohio cannot know anything about it. 
 
 Mr. Hutchinson has left for Kansas. He is one of the best 
 men in this Order. Now you think on what I say. He will 
 make the Order go when he commences. * * * 
 
 I sent to my poetical friend in New York a copy of the Manual, 
 requesting him to prepare words. He writes me that the Manual 
 is beautiful, solemn and affecting, and that it will require more 
 than "shoo-fly" literature to match it. I told him that it was 
 mostly composed by a solemn man who lives in Minnesota. 
 
 The Order cannot be kept from going ahead, but we must keep 
 moving. I wish Thompson would prepare a lecture. He is 
 Lecturer, and should do so. Respects to all at home. 
 
 Yours very truly, William Saunders. 
 
 C. C. Hutchinson wrote me : 
 
 Washington, D. C, A'priX -lt\ 1^70. 
 My Dear Sir : 
 
 Your kind letter of 27th ult., was duly received. * * 
 I do not think it worth while to incur the expense of publishino' 
 my address again. * » * ^ni you please send to 
 Mr. Saunders a commission filled out for me as " General 
 Deputy of the National Grange for the United States?" My 
 other is too limited for me, in the West and South. » * « 
 
 C. C. Hutchinson. 
 The balance of this letter was relative to advertis- 
 ing the Order prior to sending out Deputies. 
 

 W. W, CORBETT. 
 
Woi-k of the Year i8jo. 2^^ 
 
 One trouble with some of our Deputies was the 
 desire to cover too much territory, and, like setting 
 a hen on too manj- eggs, the more they try to cover 
 the less chickens they hatch. 
 
 Notwithstanding his large recommendation, with 
 a clear field and every inducement, he never was 
 heard from afterward in connection with the Order. 
 He never organized a Grange. It was thus many 
 of our fond hopes were addled. 
 
 From W. W. Corbett : 
 
 Office of Prairie Farmer, ) 
 Chicago, April llih, 1870. J 
 Dear Brother Kellet : 
 
 I tbink there may be something done for the cause of the 
 people, and for the Patrons of Husbandry, at Bloomington, Ills., 
 on the 30th inst. As you have doubtless noticed, the Prairie 
 Farmer has been instrumental in calling a Convention of Produ- 
 cers at said place and time, for the purpose of devising means to 
 combat the vast railroad monopolies that threaten to overwhelm 
 the country. Organization is the one thing needful to attain the 
 end sought for. You 'will remember our conversation regarding 
 the Patrons, as an efficient organization for this purpose. The 
 more I thought of the matter the more convinced have I become, 
 that in this is a great ground for hope. 
 
 In an editorial this week urging attendance at this Convention, 
 the Prairie Farmer will hint at this Order as furnishing the pos- 
 sible means of deliverance. This will, in a measure, prepare the 
 public mind for a diversion in this direction. It will be neces- 
 sary to follow the suggestion up with a full declaration of the 
 objects and aims of the Patrons, and to show people present that 
 
2^6 PatroJis of Husbandry. 
 
 something may be done. No one so well as yourself can do this, 
 and I therefore address you to most earnestly urge you to be pre- 
 sent on this occasion. I consider it the best opportunity that has 
 ever offered for the Order to make itself felt, and to give it an 
 impetus among the people. I am confident that some organiza- 
 tion will be recommended there. If the Patrons are fairly brough t 
 before them, it is my impression it may be adopted. The move- 
 ment against monopolies is bound to be a strong one and an 
 earnest one. The producers are fully aroused to the conflict. 
 Some of our oldest men arc identified with the movement. * * 
 It is a busy time of year, but we hope for a large attendance. 
 You must be present, fully prepared to make a telling appeal for 
 the cause through the organization to which you have already 
 devoted so much time and labor. You can do more for it here 
 in a single day than in months in the usual manner. Please let 
 me hear that you will be present. 
 
 Yours in haste, W. W. Corbbtt. 
 
 I wrote Brother Corbctt in reply, that it would 
 not be possible for me to be in Bloomington, and 
 expressed a wish that he would so arrange it that 
 the right men would be put on the committee 
 on plan of organization, so the Patrons would not 
 be overlooked. It was suggested that a Farmer's 
 League be established. This was advocated by 
 Brother Wheeler, and the committee on permanent 
 organization consisted of Brothers Corbctt, Wheeler 
 and Reynolds — every way appropriate, as subsequent 
 events proved. 
 
 In answer to Brother Saunders' letter, in which 
 
Wor^ of the Year iSyo. 24.J 
 
 \\i'. referred to Mr. Br^'an, I told him of a dream, in 
 wiiicli I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Bryan, and 
 the result was a liberal tender of aid in funds. The 
 fa3t is, my vision was in broad day light, and the 
 impression that I would personally receive aid from 
 him was very forcibly made on my mind, so much 
 BO that when afterwards having the honor of making 
 Mr. Bryan's acquaintance, and receiving funds from 
 him, I felt assured that success would result from 
 his assistance, and every dollar he should furnish 
 would be returned. As will be seen, his aid was 
 timely. 
 
 Brother Saunders wrote me as follows : 
 
 A-pHl 12th, 1870. 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 I have read over your letters and do not think we dififer 
 
 greatly in our ideas about things in general. As you remarked, 
 
 ("and you vs'ill remember I have always held that doctrine^, we 
 
 must have, first of all, efficient Deputies. What can we do even 
 
 with money unless we have deputies that can organize, and 
 
 where have we any ?* All these Deputies you make on flying 
 
 trips cannot know anything about the Ritual. * » * 
 
 Y<sterday I had a telegram from the Prairie Farmer, asking if 
 
 there were any objections to them publishing the Constitution. 
 
 I answered, "A^o objection." This looks as if they meant to 
 
 recognize our work. I tell you it is going now and cannot be 
 
 *If memory serves me right, I instructed quite a number of Depu- 
 ties who did good work ; at least the Order has grown some from 
 those early efforts. 
 
24S Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 stopped, even if we were to try. Mr. Hutcliinson left last week 
 for Kansas. * « * He intends to look after some 
 business matters there, and then buy a horse and ride through 
 Kentucky and Tennessee to look out a settlement for our head- 
 quarters. * * * Seriously, we have a big work on 
 our hands, and of all the members of the National Grange, you 
 and I seem to do the work. * « # 
 
 Yours, William Saunders. 
 
 This from W. D. Haley : 
 
 iNDiANAroLis, A^ril "Ith, 1870. 
 Deae Kellet : 
 
 I wrote you at Cleveland, stating that the man who made 
 
 the translation charges thirty dollars, which I consider very low. 
 
 Please attend to the matter. Shall I forward you the MS. ? 
 
 Yours truly, W. D. Haley. 
 
 To this I reiDlied : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., April IStli, 1870. 
 Mt Dear Haley : 
 
 Take the Dispensation Fees of the next two Granges you 
 
 organize and pay for that translation ; in the meantime send it 
 
 to me that I may have it examined by a competent person. 
 
 Yours, O. H. K. 
 
 This was a bill contracted Avithout any authority, 
 and as we were not in funds could see no better way 
 to pay it. But the two Granges were never organ- 
 ized. 
 
 To Brother Saunders : 
 
 OwATONNA, Minn., April I2th, 1870. 
 Dear Brother Saunders : 
 
 I enclose you slips that will show you how the wind blows 
 
IVorA of the Year i8jo. 24.^ 
 
 out west about monopolies. The people are waking up, and 
 the farmers ■will see the advantage of a permanent organization 
 like the Patrons. « # * j f qji the way to get ideas 
 from the people is to go among them and talk. 
 
 Yours in haste, O. H. K. 
 
 On the 13th of April, 1870, Brother T. A. Thomp- 
 son reported the organization of his first Grange, 
 at Lincoln, Wabasha County, Minnesota. 
 
 The following cheerful note shows a liberal, gen- 
 erous feeling, which was encouraging: 
 
 Dakota Grange, No. 15, P. of H., ) 
 April 23d, 1870. ^ 
 
 O. n. Kelley : 
 
 WoRTHT Brother : 
 
 Enclosed please find our last Quarterly Report. 
 We have a grand entertainment next week, Thursday, consist- 
 ing of theatrical performances, singing and supper ; to conclude 
 with a social hop. The proceeds to go towards purchasing a 
 Library for the Grange. Should be pleased to see you at that 
 time. Fraternally yours, R. E. Jddson, Secretary. 
 
 From Saunders: 
 
 Dear Kelley : 
 
 I will mail the revised Manual on Monday. What about 
 the designs for Jewels ? The Grange here asks me the question, 
 Where are the designs ? * * * I am sorry you 
 could not publish the circular, because I fear that the Granges 
 will think we do nothing for them, and that would show they 
 were not forgotten. I received your note with the dream in it, 
 just before sending this to the mail. Well, the dream reads as if 
 
^ JO Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 you had dreamed it, that's a fact — hope it will come true. Just 
 received a note from N. J. Coleman, of the Sural World, St. 
 Louis, saying that he has any quantity of letters asking about the 
 Patrons. Wants to know how he can join, and how he can 
 organize. He says that he could establish many Granges in the 
 State in a short time, if he was qualified. We must arrange it so 
 that you can go down there during summer or fall and set the 
 thing going. 
 
 Get home as soon as you can and see that the Deputies are 
 kept in good trim. We want more good Deputies — men who 
 know the work well. * » * "W". Saundeks. 
 
 The month of April had been a very active one 
 in correspondence, and at our home we felt that a 
 good work had been done. I had several interviews 
 with Judge Underwood, Col. Robertsbn, and others, 
 at St. Paul, which, with the suggestions in the letters 
 from correspondents, gave me food for reflection and 
 fixed plans of work in my mind. 
 
 From T. A. Thompson: 
 
 Plaintiew Minn., May ist, 1870. 
 
 O. H. IvELLEY : 
 
 Dear Sin and Brother : 
 
 * * * Allow me to suggest, Brother Kelley, 
 that I think there ought to be a few changes, or rather additions, 
 made to the work of our Order. There is a deficiency in recogn i- 
 tion. I would have more signs of recognition, or rather a grip 
 with each degree. It appears that the first three degrees are now 
 stripped of some features that ought to appertain. I am anxious 
 to see you and talk over the work of our Order. I like it very 
 
Wo}-k of the Year iSyo. 251 
 
 much, and desire to become posted ; then if an opportunity offers 
 wberel)y I can aid you in extending the work, I would "be glad 
 to do so. * * * T. A. Thompsok. 
 
 Among numerous other letters which were now 
 coming in, I find one from J. K. Oakwood, which 
 is a fair samj^le of the rest. 
 
 Fairmount, Vermillion County, III., ) 
 May 6th, 1870. j 
 
 Sir : 
 
 I would like to become a member of the Order of Patrons 
 of Husbandry, and organize it in this county, if there is no organ- 
 ization already. I am at present, and have been for ten years. 
 President of our County Agricultural Society, and am extensively 
 acquainted throughout the countj^, and know the best material 
 to select to make the organization efiicient. I have noticed the 
 articles referring to the Order, in the Prairie Farmer. * * * 
 
 Yours, J. H. Oakwood. 
 
 From McDowell : 
 
 Wayne, N. Y., May mh, 1870. 
 
 My Dear Kelley : 
 
 Yours of April 18th came to hand in my absence, and has 
 been overlooked. I hasten to assure you that I still live, and 
 will write you at length in a day or two. Am but just home from 
 Lake Ontario, where I have been on business. God bless you, 
 and believe me as ever Yours in the faith, F. M. McD. 
 
 The matter of jewels was one of some interest to 
 us, and it will do no harm to give its history a little 
 attention. The early promises we made, in getting 
 under way. may have been forgotten. 
 
2^2 .Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Sykacuse, N. y., May Wi, 1870. 
 O. H. EIellet, Esq. : 
 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 Your letter of the 28th of April is at hand this morn- 
 ing, and I hasten to answer it. Expected you to call upon us, and 
 then I went East and to Washington, and called on Brother Grosh, 
 purposely to consult on the business of getting up your Emblems. 
 Brother G. said 3'ou had been quite sick, and he promised lie 
 would write to you. I requested him to say to you tliat I wlis 
 ready to go to work and get up the dies. Since my return, sick- 
 ness in my family has kept me from my business four weeks. 
 We are ready to take hold of these emblems at once. I also re- 
 quested Brother G. to say that we will get up these dies ; you to 
 agree to take say one hundred sets, or that number in a given 
 time. I have just consulted with our foreman as to the time and 
 work upon them. * * * They will be very fine, 
 and the most unique emblems in use. We have estimated them 
 to you (for the eleven squares or fields, and three stars) at twelve 
 dollars per set. After we make say one to three hundred sets, 
 we will try and do better for you. These at this price will be 
 cheaper than any fine emblems made. Your early reply to this, 
 
 and we will put the dies in hand. 
 
 Joseph Setmouk & Son. 
 
 To Joseph Seymour & Son: 
 
 Itasca, Minn., May \Uli, 1870. 
 Gents : 
 
 Your favor of 5th received, and the subject has been duly 
 considered. We now, to secure uniformity in Regalia, etc., re- 
 quire all Granges to order the same through my office. They are 
 sent by express, C. O. D. I suggest to you that you furnish me 
 with say ten sets of emblems at a time, and as fast as they are 
 paid for by the Granges ordering them, the money will be remit- 
 
Work of the Year i8jo. 2^j 
 
 ted to you. We aim to have all our business with the Subordi- 
 nate Granges on a cash system, and have no trouble. If the 
 emblems are here I can have them put upon the sashes in a 
 proper manner, and all alike. I presume all the Granges now at 
 work will order emblems. I have not heard from Brother Grosli 
 since I left Washington. 
 
 If you prefer to have the Granges order direct from you, it will 
 suit me just as well, and relieve me of any responsibility. If 
 you will let me know when they will be ready, I will notify 
 all the Granges, and also put tlic price on the circular relative to 
 Regalia. I remain yours fraternally, O. H. Kelley, 
 
 Secretary National Grange. 
 
 I found, on receiving the first lot, that we had 
 made a mistake in the number of pieces wanted for 
 each set, and having to add more, the price was in- 
 creased to fifteen dollars. It will be observed that 
 by a vote at the annual meeting the year previous, the 
 Secretary was instructed to furnish regalia, and at 
 the last meeting, to provide other materials. I then 
 issued circulars to all new Granges, stating what 
 could be obtained through my ofiice, and continued 
 to do so up to March, 1874. 
 
 From Saunders : 
 
 Washington, May lith, 1870. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 « * « * You are right about work in the Fourth 
 Degree, but in these matters you must exercise your own wise 
 discretion. I have looked over the Manual carefully, and ex- 
 punged what I thought out of place and irrelevant, but am not 
 
2^4- Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 infallible, and will give way to wiser judgments. Tou can add 
 to it where you think necessary to do so. The ceremony of 
 the Memorial Tree seems to start on the idea that Cemetery 
 Associations have no rights the Patrons of Husbandry are bound 
 to respect * * « 
 
 I am still receiving letters concerning the Order, and referring 
 them to the proper Deputies ; have received about eighty since 
 you left. One came to hand this morning, which I enclose for 
 you to answer. * » * Wm. Saundeks. 
 
 From "W. A. Simpson : 
 
 Stockton, Tekn., May \Uh, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Sir : 
 
 Having been referred to you by the Master of the National 
 Grange, for further information, I wish to ask whether the Order 
 is instituted in Tennessee yet ; and if so, where, and who to ad- 
 dress ? Any information will be thankfully received, as I am 
 rather an inquisitive Odd Fellow. 
 
 Very respectfully, W. A. Simpson. 
 
 Prom Gen. Wm. Duane Wilson : 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, May 16(/i, 1870. 
 My Dear Kellet : 
 
 Your favor of the 6th received. The communication ap- 
 pears this week. Supposing that Enos, acting as Deputy, had 
 superseded my appointment, have done nothing ; but as I am 
 now on out-of-door work, think I can do considerable this sum- 
 mer. So consider me in, and send me a dozen blank petitions. I 
 shall give the Order a fair trial. * « « 
 
 Very truly yours, AVm. Dtjake Wilson. 
 
 The following from A. A. Bayley, gave us much 
 pleasure, and proved that the fire was spreading : 
 
lVo7'i of the Year i8yo. 255 
 
 Pilot Hill, California, May IGiJt, 1870. 
 Mr. O. H. Kellet,— Dear Sir : 
 
 I received a copy of Constitution and By-Laws of the Patrons 
 of Husbandry a few days ago. After a careful perusal, I have 
 come to the conclusion the Order is a good one, and would flourish 
 in this State. We would very much like to have a Grange or- 
 ganized at Pilot Hill. Is there any person authorized in California 
 to institute Granges ? An early answer will oblige 
 
 Yours truly, A. A. Bayley 
 
 To Sam. E. Adams : 
 
 Itabca, Minn., May 20t7i, 1870. 
 Dear Sam. : 
 
 I am making arrangements to leave Minnesota for "Wash- 
 ington and devote my whole time to the interests of the Order. 
 I desire to make your Grange a present of my Library, con- 
 sisting of several hundred volumes. I will not say anything of 
 the intrinsic value of the works, (three cents a pound any how), 
 but it will make the nucleus of something better. A large por- 
 tion of the books undoubtedly cost the Government considerable 
 money. I will cheerfully throw in Bibles, prayer books, and 
 " sich like," enough to run a good sized church. I have not 
 time to catalogue the books, but if you will accept, all right. 
 Yours fraternally, O. H. K. 
 
 In reply to Gen. "Wilson, I wrote Mm : 
 
 May 2Zd, 1870. 
 My Dear General : 
 
 Go ahead, and let them see at Washington that you mean 
 
 "biz." The only way to organize is to go among the people 
 
 and make them wake up and take hold. Deputies may write 
 
 letters till doom's-day and never organize a Grange, but the man 
 
 who personally talks to the people invariably wins. * » * 
 
2^6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 What we want is active men traveling all over the country, and 
 whenever you find one ■whom you can recommend as a Deputy, 
 give me his name. O. H. K. 
 
 The first loss to a Grange by fire was tbat of 
 Granite State Grange, at Eice Lake, Minnesota, 
 wliich was reported May 23d, 1870. 
 
 On the 23d of May, I received from Brother Cor- 
 hctt a lengthy letter, which I read at the June meet- 
 ing of the State Grange of Minnesota. It gave such 
 general satisfaction that it was ordered to be printed 
 for circulation, and reads as follows : 
 
 Prairie Farmer Office, ) 
 Chicago, May 20th, 1870. J 
 O. H. Kellet, 
 
 Secretary of the National Grange, P. of M. : 
 Dear Sir and Brother : 
 
 It seems to me that we, as an Order, have a 
 work to perform in the war that is to he waged in this country, 
 at no distant day, hy the people, against the monstrous monopo- 
 lies that are overshadowing us. Railroad, Insurance Companies, 
 Warehouse and Telegraph Companies, are crushing the life out 
 of the producing classes. I need not attempt an elaborate show- 
 ing of their power, or their unscrupulous use of it. Every Patron 
 of Husbandry is aware of the fact. It is but to-day that I read 
 in the dispatches from England, that the London Times, the 
 great exponent of popular feeling and thought in England, char- 
 acterizes the operations of the managers of the Erie Railway as 
 on a par, (or worse,) with those of the Greek bandits that have 
 lately pillaged and ravished on the road from Athens to Mara- 
 thon. It points out how the credit of the whole country is suffer- 
 
Work of the Year iSyo. 257 
 
 ing from an example like this, and asks liow we can expect 
 foreign capital to seek Investment in improvements here, if our 
 Legislatures and Courts are to set aside all justice and right in the 
 treatment of foreign stockholders, and to favor unlimited plunder 
 b}' powerful and unscrupulous local managers. 
 
 We know the claim of vested rights that Railroad Companies, 
 in the West especially, lay claim to. A corporation, on the plea 
 of public interests, gets the right of vi'ay, condemns property — our 
 very homesteads, perhaps ; to do this, they are public corporations, 
 acting for the public good. The charter and right of way once 
 gained, this public character ceases, and railroad companies are 
 private institutions and not amenable to Legislatures or Courts, 
 because the legislature has given away its power to regulate them. 
 They can extort, oppress, rob. They can discriminate in favor 
 of certain localities and individuals ; they can combine with 
 owners of warehouses, or build warehouses of their own, and 
 force shippers to pa}' toll on every bushel of grain that passes 
 over their road ; they can and do refuse to deliver grain or other 
 produce, except to such persons or companies as may pay into 
 their own coffers. 
 
 It is alleged that Eastern roads are purchasing our Lake 
 Marine, so that freight sent East by lake to pass over the Erie 
 Canal, must pay a large advance over that consigned to go by 
 rail from that point to the seaboard. You, wheat growers of Min- 
 nesota, who pay three times as much to get your crops to New 
 York as it costs to send it from there to Liverpool, feel and know 
 that the hand of the giant oppressor is upon you. You know how 
 tlie monopolists scoff at and ridicule all efforts that are made to 
 send your grain by way of the Mississippi river. You know 
 how the lines running North-west from this city have been ccm- 
 solidated so as to avoid competition, and you know that each year 
 the monopoly extends. Knowing all these things, and feeling 
 
 17 
 
2^8 Patrons of Husbandly 
 
 deeply tlie burden that is being laid upon us, what are we to do ? 
 simply meet power with power ; meet organization with organi- 
 zation. We, as Patkons of Husbandry, have united for com- 
 mon good and for common protection. We are to protect our 
 own interests, because we know that our interests are fundamental, 
 that our prosperity means the prosperity of the nation. "We 
 know that justice to us as producers, means no injustice to others. 
 We trample on no man's just rights, never have and never shall ; 
 let ns resolve to have no man or corporation trample upon ours. 
 
 We must have our State Governments to declare that when 
 corporations, of whatever kind or nature, are managed to the 
 detriment of public interests, their charters shall be forfeited. 
 In brief, that the State knows no power above that of the people ; 
 that railroad and other transportation companies can exist only 
 so long as they subserve public interest. Let us have Legisla- 
 tures and Judges learn that all political jpower is inherent in and 
 must always remain with the people. 
 
 We must talk and labor to extend our Order, and to inculcate 
 these views of the dangers we are in, and the remedies at com- 
 mand among outsiders as well as among members of the Order. 
 
 With our social feature to draw us together and harmonize us, 
 with our intellectual feature to school and educjite us, with our 
 mystic feature to keep us wary and discreet, we shall present such 
 an ii'prii du corps as shall make our least word significant, and 
 our least act a power. 
 
 We must not be political in the common acceptation of the 
 term, only so far as to control politicians and ofBce-holders— to 
 make them talk, legislate and decide on the side of the people all 
 the time — only so far as to protect our own just interests, doing 
 injustice to no man who is in pursuit of a legitimate business that 
 does harm to none. We must be a third party, to hold the 
 balance of power (I think now we need not go beyond this), then. 
 
Work of the Year iSyo. 2§g 
 
 wliichever party will declare itself to stand on our platfomi, and 
 ■n-hichever candidate -svill unqualifiedly pledge himself to carry 
 out the reforms we may demand, such party and such candidates 
 should receive our votes. 
 
 Whenever we present formidable numbers, all candidates will 
 be at our feet, and we can then divide up and vote with which- 
 ever party we please, in accordance with other issues and pro- 
 clivities, for our own great interests will be safe with either. If 
 we have the best men in our Order, we must give them the 
 offices, but in general we shall not need to go into a political 
 organization by ourselves. 
 
 These are some of my views, hastily and imperfectly presented. 
 They are not new, but are held by a large and growing number 
 of our best men. Opposition to monopolies seems to me to be en- 
 tirely consistent with the design of our Order ; with it as one of 
 the watch- words, I believe we have the opportunity of extending 
 our Granges indefinitely throughout all these North-western 
 States. Tours fraternally, W. W. Coebett. 
 
 This was boldly striking out in a direction that 
 would find us an able adversary. I had some mis- 
 givings as to the result of such a war, but looked 
 upon the publication of the letter as another way of 
 bringing the Order more prominently before the 
 public. 
 
 "From Saunders: 
 
 Washington, D. C, May 28th, 1870. 
 Dear Eellet : 
 
 * * * I am still receiving two or three letters 
 
 weekly about the Order, and answer them as they come in. I 
 
 have heard nothing from Hutchinson. We have closed our 
 
26o Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Grange until Octolier. It seems impossible to make it go here, 
 where there are so many other interests to occupy attention. * 
 
 * * I am glad you propose to live here. Surely a living 
 can be had, and we will be glad to have you with us ; things will 
 go better anyhow. Yours in haste, W. Saunders. 
 
 From K. N". Guiteau, Master of the Dakota 
 Grange : 
 
 Fakmington, Minn., May 30ZA, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet : 
 
 Dear Sik and Brother : 
 
 Yours of May 26th, to R. C. Judson, was handed to 
 
 me last evening, and I comply with your request to send you copies 
 
 of our songs. The first two — "The Husbandman," and "The 
 
 Plow," were written by me for our Grange at very short notice. 
 
 * * * The song entitled the "Plow, Spade and Hoe," 
 I presume you have seen before ; I took it from some Massachu- 
 setts paper. I do not know the author. Hope you will put it in 
 the collection you propose. Mine are at your service. Hoping 
 to meet you at the State Grange, I remain 
 
 Yours fraternally, K. N. Gttiteau. 
 
 In answer to Brother T. A. Thompson's of the 
 16th, I wrote him at length, and closed by saying : 
 
 The reputation you have as a public speaker, prompts me to 
 urge you to make up your mind to devote the coming fall and 
 winter to the work of organizing elsewhere than in Minnesota. 
 We are short of competent men as Deputies ; whereas we want 
 them by the hundred, in various States, to •pus'h the work ahead. 
 If you have a desire to travel and make a reputation, I don't be- 
 lieve you will ever find another such chance as we can give you. 
 " The whole broad continent is ours" for a field to work in, and 
 
Work of the Year iSyo. 261 
 
 ■we want active laborers. The country is ripe for such an or- 
 ganization. * * -^ O. n. K. 
 
 "Wrote Corbett as follows : 
 
 May nth, 1870. 
 My Dear Coebbtt : 
 
 * * * I ■will make my arrangements to be ■with 
 
 you in Chicago in about three ■weeks, say the 27th of June. In 
 
 meantime, get out a good lively editorial that ■will assist us in 
 
 organizing. * * * "^e ■want printer's ink used lively 
 
 this summer, then in the fall and ■winter there ■will be no trouble 
 
 securing from fifty thousand to one hundred thousand members 
 
 in our Order. It is bound to be a big institution ; you need have 
 
 no fears of investing in it. O. H. K. 
 
 May closed with thirteen new Granges since 
 January 1st, — a total of sixty-one in the United 
 States. Our correspondents were rapidly increasing 
 in number, and the stimulant which cheering letters 
 gave me, prompted frequent communications to 
 our brothers in Washington ; but, as will be noticed, 
 Brother Saunders was the only one taking sufficient 
 interest to reply. Miss Hall was prompt in sending 
 the Monthly Statement to the Treasurer, and our 
 letters gave a complete history of the work as it 
 progressed. 
 
 On June 10th, we wrote to "W. A. Simpson, of 
 Stockton, Tennessee, and sent him the documents 
 for the First Subordinate Grange in Tennessee. 
 
 The following is the list of Charter Members : 
 
262 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 Pioneer Grange No. 1, Stockton, Koan County. 
 Isaac A. Clakk, Maeia I. Dtche, 
 
 M. D. L. Burnett, William Farris, 
 
 H. B. Simpson, Martin L. Cook, 
 
 Jos. r. M'Mahan, Wm. C. Burnett, 
 
 Josephine M'AJahan, W. A. Simpson, 
 
 S. C. Simpson, Mary A. Simpson, 
 
 "W. H. Dyche, J. C. Pope, 
 
 ', Levi Johnson. 
 
 From McDowell: 
 
 Wayne, N. T., June lOih, 1870. 
 My Dear Kblley : 
 
 Your laconic epistle of 2d instant came duly to hand. I 
 
 hardly know what to say in reply, except it is— I cannot do the 
 
 work you wish of me, for several reasons, — among which I might 
 
 mention a lack of brains in the proper place to be of any service 
 
 in the work in hand. It is out of my line, Kelley, and you 
 
 should know it as well as I. Am willing to do anything within 
 
 the scope of my abilities to further the interests of the Order, but I 
 
 have too much to do in the summer time to give the requisite 
 
 thought to the subject which its importance demands. As I 
 
 have written you before, my health is such that I am just able to 
 
 crawl about. I have to look after about one thousand acres of 
 
 farm and seventy -five acres of vineyard, and this keeps me drilled 
 
 right down. I hope to have some spare time this winter, and 
 
 will give it to you in Washington, Chicago, or most any place 
 
 you may think of. 
 
 I am much pleased with the reports of progress which you 
 
 have made, and hope you will write me as often and fully as your 
 
 leisure will permit. If I have any papers and documents which 
 
 you need, write me, and I will send them. 
 
 Yours, F. M. McD. 
 
Wor/; of the Year i8jo. 26j 
 
 The followina; from Brother McDowell, of a later 
 date, will more fully explain the preceding : 
 
 June 27ih, 1870. 
 My Dear Kellet : 
 
 I am in receipt of yours of 18Ui instant, and hasten to send 
 
 you all the memoranda I can find bearing on the point. Yonr 
 
 idea is now, I take it, to have a Degree of Demcter (memlicrs 
 
 to be called Knights and Ladies), above and beyond the Sixth 
 
 and Seventh Degrees. I think that the idea is a good one, and 
 
 if properly carried out, cannot fail to be of great importance to 
 
 the Order. * * , * 
 
 You say that you are going to Washington with your family ; 
 
 do you then give up your farm ? Write often, and believe me 
 
 always yours, F. M. McDowell. 
 
 From Brother C. Paulk : 
 
 Wadkon, Iowa, June 20th, 1870. 
 Dear Sir and Brother : 
 
 Yours of the 16th received, and read with much pleasure. 
 Enclosed find petition and fifteen dollars for Frank ville Grange. 
 They live about fourteen miles from here, so I advance the fee 
 to save time. * * * 
 
 As soon as you are ready to supply orders for Jewels and Re- 
 galia, please inform me by letter, with price list, etc. 
 
 Mail dispensation to me, and I will notify the Frankville 
 Grange, and appoint a time to meet them for organization. 
 
 Very truly your friend and brother, C. Paulk. 
 
 The documents were sent, and the "Waukon 
 Grange went there in a hody to establish the Grange. 
 At that meeting Brother Dudley W. Adams made his 
 
26^ Patrons of Htisbandry. 
 
 first spceoli in behalf of the Patrons, and as it was 
 among- the first, if not the first, in that State, I make 
 a liberal quotation, which contains good sound 
 advice, particularly the first paragraph, and is appli- 
 cable to the weak-kneed in the Order at the present 
 time : 
 
 A ship is on tlie broad Ocean, freighted with a thousand souls. 
 Without organization and united effort what will be its fate ? 
 A storm arises. The wind blows, the waves roll, lightnings play 
 and thunders crash. A thousand people, wild with fright, rush 
 madly about ; a thousand voices give a thousand diverse com- 
 mands ; a thousand plans of safety are clamorously urged by 
 a thousand screaming voices. Confusion reigns supreme ; and 
 the great ship drifts helplessly before the wind and waves. There 
 is no union of effort. Again : these same persons shall be prop- 
 erly organized and united. Danger threatens. The clear, strong 
 voice of the captain rings out above the howling wind. Each 
 man springs to his appointed post. Commapd follows command, 
 and is quickly executed. Sails are put in trim ; steam is up ; 
 pilot is at the wheel. The great vessel is as deftly handled as a 
 mother handles her laughing babe. 
 
 A railroad is to be built. One man here, another there, and 
 another yonder, join their forces and funds, and soon, where the 
 slow and patient oxen toiled through mud or dust, the locomo- 
 tive outstrips the wind, bearing in its train the people and wealth 
 of a nation. 
 
 Again : men unite their capital and intelligence, invade the 
 realms of space, and having captured and tamed lightning itself, 
 employ it in carrying their messages. 
 
 Through all the business relations of civilized life, unions of 
 various liinds are the rule, and the more perfect ihcy are the greater 
 
IVorA of the Year i8yo. 265 
 
 the strength. Merchants have their Board of Trade, Shoemakers 
 have Knights of St. Crispin. Lawyers have their conventions, 
 and Physicians their conclaves, where prices are fixed, and no 
 one dare disobey the edicts of these unions. But how is it with 
 the Agriculturist? Alas ! we have nothing of the kind. Eacli 
 one is working away against all the world and against eacli 
 other, unaided and alone. Immense in numbers and wealth ; 
 superior to any other calling in these great sources of power — 
 yet we are powerless. An immense helpless mob surging to and 
 fro, without aim or method ; the httle squads of well drilled 
 lawyers and doctors charge through and through our poor dis- 
 ordered mass, and freely plunder our pockets. Railroads, tele- 
 graphs, commission men, mechanics, join in the pursuit with no 
 fear of successful resistance. Like rabbits, we are the prey of 
 hawks by day, and owls and foxes by night. Is there no remedy 
 for this ? Is there anything in the occupation of agriculture 
 that makes a man legitimate prey for all the human vampires 
 that infest the earth ? Is the business of tilling the soil so be- 
 numbing to the mind and all the finer sensibilities, that we can 
 contentedly accept and endure this state of affairs ? Are we will- 
 ing to admit that, strong as we are in numbers and wealth, we 
 are incapable of self-defence ? 
 
 Is there not enough of mind in our ranks to devise and execute 
 a plan for our redemption from the position of slaves we now 
 occupy ? For one, when I look abroad upon these wide prairies, 
 the granaries of the world, owned by those who till them, and 
 holding in their hands such elements of power, I must admit 
 shame mantles my face that no systematic effort is made for 
 its use, at least in self-defence. A farmer has a field of wheat 
 ready for the sickle, and it must be cut. Laborers fix the price 
 at which they will assist in the harvest ; the farmer submits. 
 Threshers fix among themselves the price they will have for 
 
266 Patrons of Hiisbandry. 
 
 threshing, and again the farmer submits. The railroad compa- 
 nies fix the price at which they will carry the grain to Chicago ; 
 elevators fix the price of handling it; and buyers finally agree 
 how much they will give for it ; and each one of these middle 
 men takes such a slice as he pleases, and the farmer timidly sub- 
 mits. This wheat now goes through steamers, sloops, more 
 elevators, more speculators, canals, railroads, etc. ; each one ab- 
 solutely making his own terms, and only the producer and con- 
 sumer are helpless. These two classes, the most deserving of all, 
 are the victims of a few classes, small in numbers but strong by 
 being determined and thoroughly united, yet having not another 
 solitary element of strength at command. They do not produce 
 a pound of meat, a bushel of wheat, a yard of cloth, or a pig of 
 iron. They cannot subsist a month without us. We can with- 
 out them. We have the power ; we must use it. TUt farmers 
 have got the lines, why don't they drive? 
 
 The State Grange of Minnesota held its Third 
 Session, June 22d, 1870, at which, by in\dtation, I 
 gave them a general review of the work as far as it 
 had progressed. At this meeting I first met Brother 
 T. A. Thompson, and enlisted him as one of those 
 who could be counted upon to drive the work ahead. 
 
 On the 24th, Brother Saunders wrote me from 
 Washington as follows : 
 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 The enclosed resolutions will, I hope, meet your approval 
 and co-operation. We are fearfully In the dark here about the 
 Order, and we cannot make any statement, or indeed any move- 
 ment, because of our entire ignorance of the doings of the Order. 
 
Work of the Year iSjo. 267 
 
 With my multifarious duties, I cannot devote any great amount 
 of time to the work, and hence the greater necessity of being 
 thoroughly posted, Bo as to abbreviate answers and comply with 
 requests. * • « i am yours very truly, 
 
 William Saunders. 
 
 Tills letter and the following resolutions produced 
 then, as they do now, no little amusement. It is the 
 truth they were decidedly ignorant of the whole 
 thing, from the fact they did not take interest 
 enough in my reports and letters, and the numerous 
 newspaper articles I mailed, to post themselves. 
 
 Washington, June 20th, 1870. 
 At a Special Meeting of the National Grange, 
 Patrons of Husbandrj^, held at Washington, D. C, 
 June 20th, 1870, duly called by order of the Master, 
 the following preamble and resolutions were unani- 
 mously adopted : (Present, Brothers Saunders and 
 J. R. Thompson.) 
 
 Whereas, Communications are frequently received by the 
 Master of the National Grange, asking for information in relation 
 to the progress and working of the Order ; and inquiries are con- 
 stantly being made by persons visiting the city, which it is often 
 impossible to answer, in consequence of a lack of the necessary 
 information on the part of the Officers of the National Grange ; 
 and. 
 
 Whereas, It is believed that the interests of the Order require 
 that the Archives of the National Grange should be in the pos- 
 session of the Master, so long, at least, as the office of the Secre- 
 tary is so remote from Washington, so that they may be at all 
 times easily accessible to the Officers of the National Grange ; 
 therefore, in order that the National Grange may at all times be 
 
268 Patrons of Ihtsbandry. 
 
 in possession of full and reliable information, and that the busi- 
 ness thereof n^ay be accurately and systematically managed, be it 
 
 Resolved, 1st. That the Secretary is hereby directed to report 
 to the Master of the National Grange, immediately, the name, 
 number, and location, of each Grange organized up to the pres- 
 ent time, together with the name and address of the Master and 
 Secretary thereof, the date of organization, and the niunber of 
 members in each, so far as known. 
 
 3d. That the Secretary is hereby directed to report to the Mas- 
 ter of the National Grange the name and residence of each Dep- 
 uty of the National Grange, together with the dates of their sev- 
 eral appointments, and the districts assigned to each. 
 
 3d. That each Deputy of the National Grange is hereby re- 
 quired to transmit to the Secretary of the National Grange, 
 quarterly, a full report of the business transacted by him, and 
 failing to do so within one month from the expiration of any 
 quarter, his appointment shall be revoked, and his commission 
 returned to the National Grange. The Secretary will notify the 
 several Deputies of this requirement. 
 
 4th. The Secretary is hereby required, within ten days of their 
 receipt by him, to transmit to the Master of the National Grange, 
 the original quarterly reports of the various Deputies, as also the 
 original quarterly reports of the Secretary and Treasurer of the 
 State Granges, and of the Subordinate Granges organized where 
 no State Grange has been formed. 
 
 oth. That the Secretary is hereby instructed to immediately 
 transmit to the Treasurer of the National Grange, his separate 
 monthly report of receipts and expenditures, in due form, for 
 each of the months of November and December, 1869, and Janu- 
 ary, February, March, April, and May, 1870,* and that hereafter 
 his monthly report be promptly transmitted at the expiration of 
 each month. 
 
 •Reports were mailed in duplicate up to February, and were In the 
 Treasurer's hands when I was in Washington. The remainder had 
 been sent direct to the Master for him to examine and send up to 
 Brother Ireland. 
 
Wori of the Ycm' i8yo. sdg 
 
 6tli. That a copy of tbe above Preamble and Resolutions be 
 transmitted to the Secretary of the National Grange, and his 
 prompt and full compliance therewith be requested. 
 
 I Certify that the above is a true extract copy of the Proceed- 
 ings, as shown by the Kecord. 
 
 J. R. Thompson, 
 Lecturer of National Orange, and Acting Secretary. 
 
 Attest : 
 
 "William Saunders, 
 
 Master National Orange. 
 
 I fail to find any other record of the proceedings 
 of this meeting, and no other resident memhers 
 "willing to acknowledge they were present. We 
 sent Brother Saunders the general information asked 
 for, and reminded him that the reports for the Trea- 
 surer had been sent in his care every month since 
 January. All the preceding ones I saw in posses- 
 sion of the Treasurer when last in Washington. 
 
 The "National Grange" did not hold any more 
 meetings until I reached Washington. 
 
 The last week in June I left for Chicago, in com- 
 pliance with an arrangement with Brotlier Corbett. 
 
 In my visiting Chicago, certain of us in the West 
 had a laudable motive. As an advertisement, the 
 organizing of a temporary State Grange in Illinois 
 would be of value, and while we did not then have 
 sufficient Subordinate Granges, according to the pres- 
 ent constitution, it was deemed advisable to make it 
 up principally of Deputies, which wc did. The em- 
 
2'jo Pati'ons of Husbandry. 
 
 bryotic state of the Avhole Order warranted the adop- 
 tion of any plan by which ^Ye hoped to advance the in- 
 terests of the Order at large, and the institution had 
 reached that stage wliere a desperate effort must be 
 made, and I determined to strike a blow this year 
 for the cause, that should set it in motion, or quit 
 it for good. 
 
 On reaching Chicago, I first had an interview 
 ■s^'ith Brother Corbett. It was decided to revive 
 Garden City Grange, and we initiated several good 
 men. After consulting with Brothers Corbett, Eme- 
 ry and "Welch, I addressed a note to Mr. Bryan, ex- 
 plaining the object of my visit, and inviting him to 
 join with us. The Fourth of July was spent at the 
 residence of Edgar Sanders, which day will long be 
 remembered by the guests present. A description 
 of the ceremonies on the occasion I published in the 
 Se?itinel, Minnesota. It was a grand Harvest Feast. 
 
 On the fifth I was favored with the following note 
 from Mr. Bryan : 
 
 Chicago, III., July 5ih, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet, Esq.,— Dear Sir : 
 
 I am just in receipt of your favor of the 2cl instant. Al- 
 thougli fully appreciating the importance of the measure you pro- 
 pose inaugurating in behalf of the producers of Minnesota, I feel 
 myself entirely incompetent to counsel you upon a subject with 
 which your friends of the Prairie Farmer are so much more 
 familiar than myself It will afford me much pleasure to become 
 
271 
 
 THOMAS B. BRYAN. 
 
Worl' of the Year iSyo. zji 
 
 a member of your fraternity, more from sympathy tlian from any 
 expectation of efficiency in that capacity. 
 
 If you find leisure, call at my office, and you will also be wel- 
 come at the Prairie Home of 
 
 Yours very respectfully, Thos. B. Buyan. 
 
 1X3' cordial recejjtion, and matters broached at our 
 first interview, sufficient!}' satisfied me that I should 
 find a hearty supporter in Mr. Bryan. At my sec- 
 ond visit I received his initiation fee, and he ac- 
 cepted the invitation to allow his name to appear as 
 an officer of the State Grange. 
 
 At the Prairie Farmer office, our next move was 
 to institute a temporary State Grange. In this we 
 elected as the Secretary, Henry C. "Wheeler, the 
 advocate of the Farmers' League. The records read 
 as follows : 
 
 CnicAGO, III., July Wih, 1870. 
 
 At a meeting of Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate 
 Granges, and Beputies of the Order in Illinois, convened in this 
 city by the Secretary of the National Grange, this day, for the 
 purpose of organizing a temporaiy State Grange, the following 
 named persons were elected to fill the res]iective ofl5ces : 
 
 Master, - ■ Daniel Woktiiinqton. 
 
 Lecturer, - - Rodney Welch. 
 
 Overseer, - - - H. D. Emery. 
 
 Steward, - . - . . A. A. Pettibone. 
 
 Assistant Steward, - J. H. Hall, or ncnrv Grange. 
 
 Chaplain, . - . . Re%-. Richard F. Sweet. 
 
 Treasurer, - - • Tnos. B. Bryan. 
 
 Secretary, - - - Henry C. Wheeler. 
 
 Oaie Keeper, - Edgar Sanders. 
 
2^2 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 The Dispensation for the State Grange is dated 
 July 11th. 
 
 I received from the State Grange for Dispensation, 
 the regular fee of fifteen dollars; also the sum of 
 thirty dollars as dues to the National, for which I 
 gave to Brother Worthington a receipt, to be re- 
 deemed by the I^ational Grange. This I have since 
 taken up on private account, and now hold. At 
 this time I also received from Garden City Grange 
 §41.50. I am thus explicit, as these gentlemen who 
 tendered the timely aid which materially helped our 
 cause, are entitled to recognition. 
 
 A letter received a short time afterwards, from 
 Brother Saunders, contains the following : 
 
 I cannot tell 3'ou how much I am delighted with your Chicago 
 visit and results. What a quartette, Bryan, Emery, Corbett, 
 Sanders ! I wish I had nothing to do but give my whole time 
 to the Order. I know I could help 3'OU materially ; but I can't 
 do it. With my daily labors, am nearly run down. » * ^ 
 
 At this visit, through the influence of Brother 
 Corbett, we were enabled to send several favorable 
 notices relative to the Order, through the associated 
 press dispatches, which advertised us well. 
 
 On reaching home, I wrote McDowell : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., July 20th, 1870. 
 My Deak McDowell : 
 
 Have just returned from a three weeks' stay in Chicago, 
 
 where I organized the State Grange of Illinois. So you see the 
 
Woj-/j of the Year iSyo. 2^-^ 
 
 ball keeps moving. I find tlie documents you sent, all right, and 
 will attend to them soon. 
 
 It is my intention to give up everything else, and go to Wash- 
 ington, make my home there, and make the work of the Order 
 the work of my life. You said the Order must sacrifice one 
 martyr, and I am going in for that " posish." 
 
 Nine new Granges organized during tlie past four weeks. 
 
 Yours in haste, O. II. K. 
 
 Among the letters tliis month, the followhig is 
 recorded as being the first for Vermont, -which re- 
 suhed in the first Subordinate Grans-c : 
 
 o 
 
 Pasumpsic, Yt., July \st, 18V0. 
 Sir: 
 
 I see by the New Torh Tribune of June 22d, tliat there is 
 an organization of Farmers, whose lieadquarters are in Washing- 
 ton. As President of the Caledonia County Farmers' Club, 
 would like to learn more of its objects, etc. Are there anj' 
 branches or members in Vermont ? Please give me such infor- 
 mation as you think proper upon the subject, and oblige 
 
 JoKATHAN Lawrence. 
 
 I believe it is cheerfully conceded that Brother 
 Lawrence heads the list of the venerable Patrons of 
 Vermont. Two years after, on the fourth of Julj-, 
 his State Grange was organized. 
 
 My attention was next directed to St. Louis, and 
 on July 25th, I received tlie following, in ans^vcr to 
 mine of July 19th. from Col. K J. Coleman: 
 18 
 
2^^ Patrons of Hiisbandij. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., July 22d, 1870. 
 O. H. Kblley, Esq., — Dear Sin : 
 
 Your polite favor is this moment received. I have 
 long been anxious to become a member of the Order of Patrons 
 of Husbandry. I will lend a -willing hand in establishing the 
 Order throughout the State, and probably, from my large ac- 
 quaintance, can do as much as any other person in that good 
 work. I do not know that my time will permit me to do very 
 much traveling and lecturing, but Mr. Win. Muir would be a 
 good person for that purpose. I do not care for any position in 
 the Order, if others as competent can be selected. I have been 
 considerably in public life, and have no ambition for place. 
 
 The tenth of August will be rather early, but, if you cannot 
 select a later period, will answer. *■ * * When you 
 come here you must make your home with me, and I will see 
 that all expenses are paid. I would like to know how many we 
 must have present to make a beginning, and whether officers are 
 to be elected at the time, etc. 
 
 Yours fraternally, N. J. Coleman. 
 
 This to J. E. Thompson : 
 
 Itasca, July 25ih, 1870. 
 Dear Brother : 
 
 After so long a silence, (four monthsj, you at last call my 
 
 existence on this sublunar sphere to mind. Thai's a capital way 
 
 to answer my letters — draw up a string of resolutions stirring me 
 
 up with a long pole. Well, I have complied with your united 
 
 request, and sent the documents to Saunders. I have just finished 
 
 ixt Chicago, and now comes a letter for N. J. Coleman, of St. 
 
 Louis, offering to defray all my expenses there and back, if I will 
 
 go down and establish the Order in Missouri. I goetli. * * 
 
 1 do not get an lioiir a day to attend to anything else >but the 
 
 Order ; so please give some time and thought to this. It will 
 
 help me very much. Yours fraternally, O. H. K. 
 
Work of the Year iSyo. 275 
 
 I wrote Coleman : 
 
 Itasca, July 2ath, 1870. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 * * * Owing to other engagements which will 
 follow my visit to St. Louis, it will be necessary for me to 
 ])lace my appointment with you as early as 20th of August. 
 That no time may be lost, I enclose you six sets of blanks, that 
 clubs for as many Granges may be made up in your State. I 
 will try to find time after that to visit Alton and Belleville. Dr. 
 Hull e.xpressed to me at Indianapolis, last January, a desire to be 
 connected with our Order. * * » O. H. K. 
 
 It was my desire to organize enougli Subordinate 
 Granges to secure a State Grange in Missouri, as 
 the result of the trip. 
 
 From Dudley W. Adams : 
 
 Waukon, Jnly 2Gih, 1870. 
 Dear Brother : 
 
 * * * Concerning Brother Corbett's ideas, there 
 seems to be some difficulty in my mind, and it consists mainly in 
 the fact that we are not a political organization ; and further, 
 should we wish to do anything towards the protection of pro- 
 ducers as against monopolists, we would labor under the same 
 difficulties inside our organization that we do outside, from the 
 fact that all classes and professions and occupations are repre- 
 sented in the Brotherliood. If all cannot agree on united politi- 
 cal action in political organizations, how can the same elements 
 be fused in a society like ours ? If we propose to make such an 
 use of our Order as is therein contemplated, it will be necessary 
 to make more definite and stronger rules for the qualification of 
 members. * * Yours fraternally, D. W. Adams, 
 
 Secretary Waukon Orange. 
 
3y6 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 From Geo. D. Hinckley: 
 
 Fredonia, N. Y., July 30th, 1870. 
 0. H. Kelley : 
 
 Dear Sir akd Brother: 
 
 Your favor of 22d instant, enclosing circular sent out 
 by authority of State Grange of Minnesota, is at hand. I have 
 carefully read the same, and feel that the complaints are too true, 
 and that the subject needs the careful attention of all having the 
 agricultural interests of the country at heart. But I think that 
 the Order should cai-efully consider the subject, and "make haste 
 slowly," before it takes upon itself a political complexion. Poli- 
 tics and religion have been shunned by all successful secret associ- 
 ations. Those organizations introducing either, have found that 
 they contained the elements of weakness, which sooner or later 
 led to dissolution. Still, to a limited extent, it might or may be 
 found advisable to introduce this subject into Granges. I will 
 present the circular to the first meeting of our Grange 
 
 Fraternally yours G. D. Hinckley. 
 
 From J. R. Thompson : 
 
 ■Washington, D. C, August itJi, 1870. 
 Brother Kelley : 
 
 I am pleased to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of 
 July 25th, with its enclosures. The circular letter of Brother Cor- 
 bett vigorously and forcibl}' represents the good that may be 
 accomplished by our Order, in enabling the people to resist the 
 encroachments and oppression of monopolies, and its circulation 
 will do good. J. R. T. 
 
 I give the preceding letters to show the general 
 sentiment regarding those views at that time. 
 
M'^07-i of tJu Year i8yo. 277 
 
 On the 18th of July, Brother "W. A. Simpson 
 wrote, asking if a Grange could be organized with- 
 out women ; to which I replied : 
 
 Itasca, July 2Wi, 1870. 
 Dear Sib and Brotheb : 
 
 * * * A Grange cannot be organized without 
 
 at least six women, and as to a Grange composed wholly of men, 
 
 what kind of Goddesses (Ceres, Flora and Pomona) would men 
 
 make ? It has been tried in two instances, and turns the work 
 
 into a farce. We have no fears about any woman divulging 
 
 the secrecy of the Ritual, as a few have intimated. They have 
 
 not done it yet. Where they have received the side degrees in 
 
 the Jliisonio Order, and in Odd Fellowship, the fij'St instance 
 
 has yet to be made known to us where any woman has proved 
 
 false to her obligation. In our Order they are our main stay. 
 
 Their presence adds refinement to our meetings, and the real 
 
 social character of the institution would be lost without women. 
 
 Observation induces me to bo wary in placing confidence in 
 
 that man who cannot trust his mother, wife or sister, and I 
 
 would not urge any man to take an interest in our work who 
 
 entertains such contracted views as to assert that we cannot with 
 
 safety trust intelligent women with our Ritual. * * * 
 
 O. H. K. 
 
 Brother Simpson replied: 
 
 August 9tt, 1870. 
 
 In regard to the admission of women, I agree with you exactly. 
 I have seen the Degree of Rebekah in Odd Fellowship conferred 
 on a number, and have never known one prove recreant to the 
 trust reposed in her. If ever the Patrons of Husbandry become 
 a mighty power in the land, much of their success will be attri- 
 butable to the gentle influence of woman. * * * W. A. S. 
 
2^8 Patrons of Hiisbandry. 
 
 Gen. "Wm. Duane Wilson wrote me: 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, August 5th, 1870. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 When you return from St. Louis, where I understand you 
 
 will be on the 20th, come here to my house for work. 
 
 Very truly yours, Wm. Duane Wilson. 
 
 I had received several letters from Alfred Grey, 
 Secretary of Kansas State Agricultural Society, and 
 from the Eev. J. Kalloch, who proposed to meet 
 me in St. Louis and become familiar with the work. 
 Brother Muir wrote me, also : " It will require 
 much prudence to organize here, naore so perhaps 
 than in any other State. I will explain fully when 
 you come here." 
 
 Hon. Thos. B. 'Bryan wrote : 
 
 CHicAao, August Gth, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet, Esq.,— Dear Sir : 
 
 I am in receipt of your favor of the first instant. As you 
 inquire which I deem the best means of promulgating the ideas 
 of the " Patrons of Husbandry," circulars or speakers, I reply 
 that Circulars would soem to be the most feasible plan, as likely 
 to reach a much larger number than speakers possible can, and 
 yet both combined would doubtless prove most efficient. I would 
 be willing to contribute something, say fifty dollars, toward that 
 purpose, and would gladly advance ten times that amount, but the 
 drafts upon me are incessant. 
 
 Very respectfully, Thos. B. Bryan. 
 
 Being out of circulars, and much encouraged by 
 the increase of letters of inquiry, I had revised 
 
Work of the Year iSjo. ^/p 
 
 and condensed our general circular, and was reading 
 the proof at the Pioneer Office, when I received this 
 letter of Mr. Brj-an's. I immediately, in compli- 
 ment to him, inserted the words " Bryan Fund Pub- 
 lications," and when the first sheets were struck off, 
 enclosed him a copy. This was the origin of that 
 title to our tracts. 
 
 The following from Mr. Bryan arrived in care of 
 Pioneer Printing Company the day after I left St. 
 Louis : 
 
 CnicAGO, III., August IdiJt, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Siii : 
 
 Your favor of 10th instant is jnst at hand. I enclose here- 
 with a check for the fifty dollars tendered. In filing your lettei', I 
 read again your favor of 2d July, and in pondering over your re- 
 quest for advice in regard to one point of consequence, I am 
 induced to inquire, what, if any, was the conclusion you arrived 
 at respecting the matter in question. I refer, of course, to the 
 following clauses of your letter : 
 
 " "We now have about fifty Subordinate Granges which can 
 readily control, at the coming harvest, a large portion of the 
 wheat crop of the State. One object of my visit here (Chicago) 
 is to sec what arrangements can be made by which this amount of 
 grain may find a market, without being subjected to the gambling 
 operation of dealers here. Our object is to secure to the produ- 
 cer the full value of his products, and, if possible, save to him the 
 pickings that now enrich the speculators. Any advice," etc. 
 
 Have yiiu thought of establishing a central oiQcc, say in Chi- 
 cago, under control of a man or men oi known cliaracter and irre- 
 proachable inlegrily, to receive and account for shipments of 
 
28o Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 grain ? I do not know your plans and write to ascertain them. 
 If wisely ordered, such a central office would serve an admirable 
 purpose, at least so it impresses Yours truly, 
 
 Thos. B. Bktan. 
 
 Air. Bryan wrote again after I had left, which waa 
 acknowledged by Miss Hall : 
 
 Chicago, III., September Zd, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Sie : 
 
 Occasionally I receive letters inquiring " what are the 
 practical worldngs of the Patrons of Husbandry in iJiis State?" 
 My connection with the fraternity has been so recent as to pre- 
 vent my responding to these inquiries with that fulness and pre- 
 cision I would desire. 
 
 Tour placing my name on your circulars was a kind act utterly 
 unexpected, and not justified by the trifling contribution made by 
 me for the good cause. Draw on me for another $50 when 
 needed. Very truly yours, Thos. B. Bbtan. 
 
 Thb Fikst Geakge in California 
 
 "Was organized at Pilot Hill, El Dorado County, 
 August 17th, 1870, with the following named per- 
 sons as Charter members : 
 
 Jauies II. Eeese, S. S. Blue, 
 
 A. Martin, W. H. Mathekly, 
 
 John Marshall, A. J. Bayley, 
 
 Wm. Nokvell, John Bishop, 
 
 P. D. Brown, A. A. Bayley, 
 
 J. R. Clew, Mrs. C. II. Jones, 
 
 C. S. Rogers, Jane Jones, 
 
Work of the Year i8yo. 281 
 
 Silas Hayes, Mes. S. C. Owens, 
 
 Thomas Owens, Mary Jones, 
 
 John S. Martin, Mrs. P. D. Brown. 
 
 J. W. Davis, A. B. Love joy, 
 
 T. T. LovEJOY, Mrs. G. B. Mudd, 
 
 J. P. Bayley, Maggie R. Brown, 
 
 G. B. Mudd, Mrs. A. J. Bayley, 
 Jennie E. Bay^ley 
 
 It was my intention to reach St. Louis on Satur- 
 day, the 20th, but having taken steamer from St. 
 Paul, we made several stops on sand bars, which de- 
 layed us until Sunday afternoon. Monday I found 
 Col. Coleman had unexpectedly been called away for 
 a few days. 
 
 I had previouslj' an-anged to meet Messrs. Gray and 
 Kalloch from LaAvrence, Kansas, and they remained 
 until Tuesday; but hy some misunderstanding, or no 
 understanding at all, though, as I learned after- 
 wards, we were each in and out of Coleman's store 
 several times, we were not introduced, and they left 
 for home. 
 
 I remained in St. Louis and vicinity two weeks, 
 and organized 
 
 The Fikst Subordinate Grange in Missouri 
 
 on the 25th of August, 1870, with the following 
 persons as Charter members : 
 
282 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Meeamec Grange, No. 1, Glencoe^ St. Louis County^ Mo. 
 
 L. D. VoTAN, Mrs. Ellen Muir, 
 
 Tiios. B. Allen, Miss Maggie Muir, 
 
 Clinton Dougherty, Miss Annie Muir, 
 
 A. AV. Alexander, Miss Nellie Muir, 
 
 Alonzo Votan. Mrs. L. D. Votan, 
 
 Wm. Muir, Mrs. D. S. Heltzell, 
 
 David Heltzell, Mrs. J. C. Whitsett, 
 
 J. C. "VViiiTSETT, Mrs. Blinn, 
 
 H. C. Bagot, Miss S. C. Ottwell 
 Alfred Kedforth. 
 
 The second Grange was Oak, in St. Louis, of 
 wliicli Bro. M. G. Kern was Master. "VVe soon after 
 made up a temporary State Grange ; in this, Brotlicr 
 Allen was elected Master. 
 
 I have the pleasure of making mention, that the 
 deficiency in my receipts Avas cheerfully made up 
 by Gov. Coleman, as promised, and I received from 
 him, as my cash account will show, the sum of 
 eighty-five dollars, which, upon mentioning to 
 Brothers Michel and Kern, they added fifteen 
 dollars to make an even hundred. I gave a gen- 
 eral account of this trip and observations, and a 
 lucid description of Gov. Coleman's farm and farm- 
 ing operations, in the St. Paul Pioneer, of September, 
 1870, which was re- published in the St. Louis pa- 
 pers. This trip brought Brothers Muir and Allen 
 prominent in the Order. 
 
IVor/e of the Year iSyo. 28 j 
 
 From St. Louis, I went to Keokuk, where the 
 State Fair was in session, and there met General 
 AVilson and several others, including Brother D. 
 W. Adams. From Keokuk, in company with 
 General Wilson, I went to Des Moines, and there 
 organized Capital Grange, and also Athuitic Grange. 
 Tiio last night in Des Moines, I received a tele<rram 
 from Tliomas B. Bryan, calling me to Chicago, and 
 left next morning to meet him. Our interview 
 took me to his residence at Elmhurst, and was 
 decidedly encouraging to myself, — receiving an- 
 other generous donation from him. From thence 
 I went to Cedar Eapids, to meet Dr. Enos, and 
 then to "Waukon, where I met that Grange, and 
 otherwise enjoyed a delightful visit, reaching home 
 the first week in October. 
 
 I ordered the German translation to be sent me 
 at St. Louis, from Indianapolis, and Brother Muir 
 
 wrote me from 
 
 St. Lodis, September 2Ut, 1870. 
 Bkother Kbllby : 
 
 I write to inform you that Brothers Kern and Michel 
 have examined the translation of Manual, and report it an 
 exceedingly heavy translation, — dull and spiritless, — destroying 
 all that beautiful idealism that floats all through the Ritual. 
 They would not accept it as a good translation in tlteir oicn 
 business. * * » W. Mum. 
 
 I exchanged several letters with Brother Trimble, 
 
284. Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 during September and October, relative to a house 
 in Washington, resolved on making my headquar- 
 ters there for a time. 
 
 Brother Hinckley wrote me from Eredonia, on 
 the 13th of October, enclosing application from 
 Brocton Grange, ]^ew York, and acknowledging 
 receipt of his appointment as a General Deputy of 
 the ISTational Grange. 
 
 From D. "W. Adams : 
 
 Wattkon, Iowa, OctoUr 23(?, 1870. 
 0. n. Kellet,— Dear Sik: 
 
 Yours of 10th instant, containing my appointment as 
 Special Deputy, for the purpose of assisting in organizing the 
 State Grange of Iowa, came to hand last mail. Allow me to 
 thank you for this unexpected mark of your regard, and at the 
 same time express my willingness to be of any service in my 
 power to the Order in this State. * * « Please send 
 me, soon as necessary, instructions in my duties, and tell what is 
 expected of me. ■* * * 
 
 Yours fraternally, D. W. Adams. 
 
 Brother Saunders wrote, October 24th, among 
 other matters : 
 
 We can get a printing office, with a good full set of type, for 
 twelve dollars a month, and propose doing our own printing ; but 
 we have not decided upon a paper, neither will we do so for 
 some time ; but I am sure we can get up printed matter quite 
 cheap. * * * 
 
 I receive two or three letters weekly about the Order, showing 
 it is extending its ideas throughout the country. I enclose one 
 received to-day, and hope you will answer it. W. S. 
 
IVofl' of the Year iSyo. 285 
 
 I had my doubts about the capacity of a printing 
 office, with fixtures, at sucli a rent. On examina- 
 tion, after my arrival, we did not invest. I italicize 
 six Avords. It seemed very strange to me, with the 
 amount of work we Avere all doins: in the West, 
 that his correspondence regarding the Order should 
 be so light. 
 
 From W. W. Corbett: 
 
 Chicago, Ociober IWi, 1870. 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 I acknowledge several favors from you in form of lettej's, 
 
 circulars, etc. I have not seen nor beard aught of Mr. Wheeler 
 
 since writing you last. He said he would be in and exjilain his 
 
 grand system of handling the grain of the Northwest,* but 
 
 has not done so ; therefore I know no more about it than I 
 
 did before. Have this day written him that it is time for us to 
 
 report, as the Committee on Oiganization ajipointcd at the 
 
 Eloomington Convention. I suppose you may have thought us 
 
 rather tardy here, but you may depend upon it, we will try to 
 
 satisfy you that we are not dead yet. 
 
 Your truly, W. W. Corbett. 
 
 After the experience thus far in this work, and a 
 determination to establish the Order in all parts of 
 the country, I resolved to give my undivided atten- 
 tion to it. In my travels, I found that all informa- 
 tion emanating from Washington, received extra 
 
 * This was The Gkain Geoweks' Teansportation and Loan 
 
 AijSOCIATION. 
 
286 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 attention among the masses; hence, I purposed 
 making that city my lieadquai'ters, and send out 
 our circulars in all directions. Funds were neces- 
 sary to accomplish this. I addressed a note to Mr. 
 Bryan, and commenced making my final arrange- 
 ments to move my family. As I now look back, it 
 was a wild venture, hut in keeping with every 
 other move I made in the interest of the Order. It 
 was hacked hy a positive feeling of final success. 
 
 Our work Avas improving, and the letters of 
 inquiry from all parts gave much encouragement. 
 
 This, from Andrew J. Beck, was a sample : 
 
 Atlanta, Ga., November 1th, 1870. 
 O. H. Kelley, Itasca, Minn.: 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 We are in receipt of your circular explaining the 
 plan of organization, and the objects of the Order of Patrons of 
 Husbandry. To say that we are pleased, does not express all 
 our gratification upon hearing of the organization of just such 
 an association as we, of the South, especially need. At present 
 Avc have no such thing as system, and we shall be glad to do 
 anything towards bringing about the ends contemplated, in the 
 organization of your Order. "Will you be kind enough to advise 
 us of the preliminary steps necessary to the organization of a 
 Grange in this city , etc. ? 
 Hoping to hear from you soon, we are very truly yours, 
 
 Andrew J. Beck, 
 Samuel A. Echols, 
 Editor) and Publishers of Rural Southerner. 
 
Wo7'/; of the Year iSjo. 2Sj 
 
 Brother Muir wrote that " the ^vork takes, but it 
 goes slowly into actual life. I write a letter daily, 
 but have not yet organized a Grange. Time and 
 money are the elements 'to push the work.'" lu 
 his next he enclosed five dollars, to pay for a 
 Deputy's outfit, sent to 11. O. Thompson, at Jcii'er- 
 son, Texas, from whom, I think, we never had any 
 tidings afterward. 
 
 Our plan at this time, was to furnish Deputies 
 with an outfit, at their own expense. 
 
 Brother Moss wrote : 
 
 Fbedonia, November Wth, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellby, — Dear Brotheb : 
 
 I presume you think I iiave forgotten you, but age and 
 infirmity, and pressure of business, combine to account for my 
 long silence. If there is anything that -would favor the wish to 
 be young again, it is that I might engage, heart and hand, -with 
 you in the work of building up our glorious Order of Patrons. 
 I have a great many letters of inquiry. # * * j,jy 
 
 letters I have just answered were from New Jersey. The spirit 
 of inquiry is waking up, and seed is being scattered broadcast, 
 and some of it will take root and grow. Tell me how you 
 prosper ; how is your heart, your pluck, etc. ? Let me hear 
 from you in full. I am yours, sincerely, A. S. Moss. 
 
 Under date of November 19th, Mr. Bryan 
 replied to my letter of the 7th, (which had followed 
 him East and returned,) saying that at that time it 
 was impossible to comply with my request. It was 
 
288 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 quite a disappointment, but I was ready to start, 
 and with me then, it meant go. I immediately 
 wrote to Brother Sam. E. Adams : 
 
 Itasca, Minn., November SSeZ, 1870. 
 My Dear Sam. : 
 
 I am short, aud want to borrow forty dollars. If your 
 
 heart, conscience, and ability will permit you to do the favor, 
 
 you can send me a P. 0. JI. O., payable at St. Paul. Have to 
 
 leave for Washington Monday, to make arrangements for my 
 
 family there. Yours truly O. H. K. 
 
 The reply was laconic : 
 
 MoNTiCEiiLO, November 2ith, 1870. 
 O. H.: 
 
 Yours received. Here's the checque. 
 
 Yours Sam. 
 
 To which, this rejoinder: 
 
 November ZItJi, 1870. 
 Dear Sam. : 
 
 Yours received. If kindness can cover a multitude of 
 
 sins, there must be a big pile of yours put out of sight, by the 
 
 favor granted. Fraternally, O. H. K. 
 
 It is true, the amount was small, but it was all I 
 loanted at that time. With it, I left Minnesota to 
 build up the Order, and in this Avork, I have always 
 felt my labors would add to the happiness and 
 welfare of my fellow-beings. 
 
 "W. W. Corbett wrote me as follows : 
 
Work of the Year iS'jo. 28g 
 
 Office of Prairie Farmer, ) 
 Chicago, Nov. iM\ 1870. j 
 My Dear Kelley : 
 
 At last we liave commenced the bomhardment. In this 
 
 week's Farmer, copies of which I mail you to-day, you will see 
 
 the report of Committee on Organization, and in spirit just what 
 
 we intended it should bo. Writing it myself, accounts for it's 
 
 not being better done. I had waited long for some aid, but 
 
 concluded to adopt Miles Standish's motto, — "do it yourself." 
 
 1 am confident it will prove a big gun for the Patrons. Give me 
 
 your ideas of it frankly. 
 
 I enclose you letters relative to starting Granges. Please 
 
 write them, giving particulars. I have sent constitutions, and 
 
 such circulars as I have. * * * 
 
 Yours truly, W. W. Corbett. 
 
 Before leaving the farm, Miss Hall and myself 
 
 had made our plans for introducing the Order first 
 
 by letter, and as soon as a locality would -warrant 
 
 the expense, then send a Deputy to thoroughly 
 
 instruct all in the secret work. On reaching 
 
 Washington, I sent out the following to the 
 
 Granges, and a copy also to each person who had, 
 
 up to this time, sent letters of inquiry. "We then, 
 
 as now, kept a list of all correspondents, and filed 
 
 all letters. 
 
 PATHOS'S OF nUSBANDBT. 
 
 National Grange, ) 
 WAsniNQTON, December StJi, 1870. j 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 I take pleasure in informing you that the rapid increase of 
 
 business connected with our Order, has made it necessary to 
 
 19 
 
2go Patrons of Htishandiy. 
 
 permanently locate the office of the Secretary of the National 
 Grange in this city. 
 
 The Order is now working in fifteen States, and rapidly 
 increasing. To secure to our members all the benefits to be 
 derived from a fraternity so extensive as this must become, wc 
 wish to organize Subordinate Granges in every town in the 
 United States. A plan has been adopted for organizing by 
 letter, which saves to Charter members much expense, and 
 facilitates business. 
 
 Should you desire to take an active part in the work, the 
 necessary documents will be sent you. 
 
 Yours fraternally, O. H. Kellet, 
 
 Secretary of National Orange. 
 
 From Joseph Sej-mour : 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y., December %th, 1870. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Deak Sir : 
 
 Your favor of November 28th received. We have our 
 circulars struck off, with the notice of Patrons of Husbandry 
 Jewels, and send you a few to distribute among the Granges. 
 We called on the Syracuse Daily Journal, and lianded your 
 circular to one of the editors, and he said he would work it in. 
 You had better send us a few more, for we can scatter them. 
 The Granges do not send for jewels very lively yet. S.ir 
 them up ; we have a quantity of sets on hand, and are out of a 
 a good deal of money on these jewels, and want to get it back. 
 Any papers with notices of the Order that you send, wo will 
 show to our editors licrc. * * * Jqs. Seymour. 
 
 From Gen. ~VYm. Duanc Wilson : 
 
 Des Moines, December Wi, 1870. 
 Brotdkr Kelley : 
 
 The enclosed will explain themselves. I have just 
 
291 
 
 C. H. JACQUES. 
 
IFw-^- of the Year iSjo. 2gi 
 
 returned from opening Dallas Grange. Had a very enUiusi- 
 aslio meeting. 
 
 At request of the Northern Granges, the State Grange organi- 
 zution h.is been postponed to 12th of January, when our State 
 Board of Agriculture meets. * « * gejjj to each 
 
 Giange a Gent's Regalia, and a pattern for the Ladies. 
 
 AVant more circulars ; also a (juantity of Corliett's letter. I am 
 appointing Deputies, as you suggested, as fast as I can tind men 
 suited for the purpose. 
 
 Do let me know how you arc getting on. I write you at 
 "Washington, seeing a telegram that you hud passed througJi 
 Chicago. As ever, thine, Wm. Ddane Wilson. 
 
 K'oticing fi favorable mention of our Order in tlie 
 Rural Carolinian, publislied in CLarleston, S. C, I 
 ventured to address a friendly letter to the editor, 
 Colonel Jacques, and received the following- : 
 
 CnAELEBTON, S. C, December 17t!i, 1870. 
 O. H. Kelley, — Dkak Sik : 
 
 Your favor of Titli instant was d\dy received, but a jiress 
 of other duties lias prevented an earlier reply. 
 
 I thank you for the documents scut me. I have felt an 
 interest in your Order from its commencement, and had thought 
 of writing to you for further information concerning it. So far 
 as your objects and aims appear to the uninitiated, I heartily 
 approve them, and shall be glad to co-operate with you, if I can 
 consistently do so. I think the Order will find great favor in 
 tlie South, when it once gets a foothold here ; but it may be 
 difficult to introduce it, as our people are somewhat iuclined to 
 suspect ulterior political objects in movements originating at the 
 North, or in Washington. 
 
 Awaiting further instructions, I remain very truly yours, 
 
 D. H. .TArouEs. 
 
2g2 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 On the 19th, I received from Mr. Bryan a loan 
 of $250.00, expressly to enable me to bring my 
 family to Washington. 
 
 As our Annual Meeting would take place in 
 January, I wrote to all those who, by their appoint- 
 ment as Deputies, were entitled to membership of 
 the Council of the National Grange, and also to the 
 non-resident members, inviting them to attend ; but 
 if they could not, to communicate by letter such 
 matter as they wished to have presented. 
 
 On mentioning to Brother Saunders that I had so 
 notified the parties to be present, he rather sur- 
 prised me by declaring his earnest wish that not 
 one of them would attend. For my part, I felt the 
 sooner we could bring our distant friends together, 
 the more prosperous would be our work. 
 
 From McDowell : 
 
 Wayne, Decemher 26th, 1870. 
 My Bear Kellby: 
 
 Yours of 8th instant reached me a few days since. I am 
 
 absent most of the time, so that a letter sometimes lies a week or 
 
 so liere before it comes to my notice. I am glad to hear from 
 
 you and to linow that you and the good work are prospering ; for 
 
 what would it be without you ? I regret that I cannot be with 
 
 you on the 4th proximo, but I hope to see you at a later day tliis 
 
 winter, if I can tear myself away long enough to accomplish it. 
 
 Let me hear from you often. Direct to me at Penn Yan, and I 
 
 will get it sooner ; with kind regards to all our co-workers, 
 
 I am, as ever, truly yours, F. M. McDowell. 
 
JVor/c of the Year iSyo. 2gj 
 
 In a letter from Brother iluir, December 27tli, 
 he says : 
 
 I was up at St. Joseph, and was invited per telegraph to go to 
 Wjandotte to initiate Gray and Kallocli. Lost a day and two 
 nights, and paid out |15.00, for tlie pleasure of doing so. They 
 are very gentlemanly, but such business presses hard upon a poor 
 man. 
 
 From G. W. Thompson: 
 
 New Brunswick, N. J., December 2dt7i, 1870. 
 O. II. Kelley, — Deaii Sir : 
 
 In answer to yours of 8th, I wrote to you that I desired to 
 organize a Grange of j'our Order in connection witli our Farmers' 
 Club, in New Brunswick. If it be practicable, I would like the 
 necessary instructions prior to our next meeting, which comes off 
 on Tuesday, January 3d. Our members are ready, I think, to a 
 man. I have been keeping the subject before our public in both 
 the local papers. Yours truly, G. W. TnoMrsoN. 
 
 From George ISToyes : 
 
 Boston, December 31st, 1870. 
 O. H. Kelley, — Dear Sir : 
 
 I have been contemplating the proposition made in your 
 letter of the 26th instant. My position in conducting the Plough- 
 man is so engrossing, that I do not wish to accept the honor you 
 propose, of making me General Deputy for Massachusetts, but I 
 can send the names of two gentlemen, either of whom would fill 
 the position acceptably both to the Order and the people of Mass- 
 achusetts : Hon. Chas. L. Flint, Secretary of Board of Agricul- 
 ture, State House, Boston, and Col. Daniel Needham, Secretary 
 
^p/ PaU'ons of Husbandry. 
 
 of the New England Agricultural Society, care of Ploughman. 
 "We forward paper as ordered, and sliall be glad to do anything 
 in our power, except holding office. Yours, Geo. Noves. 
 
 With the statement of receipts for the year, we 
 can close the chapter. 
 
 It will be observed that no resolution, law or 
 edict, save my own desire to build up the Order, 
 induced me to make Washinj^ton my headquarters. 
 My family left the farm on the 28th of December, 
 and January 2d, 1871, left Minneapolis to join me 
 in our new, but temporary home. 
 
 Eeceipts for 1870. 
 
 January 13 — Dispensation for Waukon Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 " " " " Clairmont Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " " " " Capital Grange, Indiana „ 15 00 
 
 " *' Deputies' fees for organizing 22 50 
 
 " " " Grange, Washington 15 00 
 
 February 16 — Dispensation for Greenwood Prairie Grange, Minn. 15 00 
 " 28 " " Cottage Grove Grange, Minnesota. 15 00 
 " " " " Cherry Grove Grange, " ... 15 00 
 " " Received of Win. Saunders — cash 27 00 
 
 March 17— Dispensation for High Forest Grange, Minnesota. 15 00 
 
 " " Received of Wm. Saunders — cash 40 00 
 
 " " " George D. Hinckley— cash 30 00 
 
 " " " O. H. Kelley— cash 75 00 
 
 " " Dispensation for East Cleveland Grange, Ohio 15 00 
 
 " " Deputies' fees for organizing 1100 
 
 April ... '■ from Owatonna Grange, Minnesota. 19 00 
 
 " 8— Dispensation for Morning Star Grange, " 13 00 
 
 " 20 " Lincoln Grange, " 15 00 
 
 May 5 " Prairie Grange, *' 15 00 
 
lVo>-A of the Yea}' i8yo. 
 
 295 
 
 May 6— Dispensation for Utica Grange, Minnesota. 15 00 
 
 " 1-1 " Wauseca Grange, " 15 00 
 
 Junes " Bear Valley Grange, " 15 00 
 
 '■ 9 " Prairie Creek Grange," 15 00 
 
 " 10 " Pioneer Grange, Stoclcton, Tennessee. 15 00 
 
 " 22 " Franlivlile Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 '* 27 " Featherstone Grange, Minnesota. 15 00 
 
 " 27 " Mount Pleasant Grange, " 15 00 
 
 " 30 " Mazeppa Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 Julys " Pleasant Grove Grange, Minnesota.... 15 00 
 
 " 19— Cash advanced by O. H. Kelley 15 00 
 
 ' 19— Received of State Grange of Illinois 45 00 
 
 " 19 " " " —Dispensation 15 00 
 
 " 19 " Garden City Grange, Illinois 41 50 
 
 '■ 19 ' "W. W. Corbett, (loan) 15 00 
 
 " 19 " Alfred Gray for Manuals 150 
 
 August 31— Received for Dispensation for Pilot Hill Grange, Cal. 15 00 
 
 September 7 ** " Meraniec Grange, Mo.. 15 00 
 
 " 13 ** '* Oak Grange, Missouri. 15 00 
 
 " 29 " " Pleasant Prairie.Mlnn. 15 00 
 
 " " Capital Grange, Iowa.. 15 00 
 
 " " Atlantic Grange, " ... 15 00 
 
 " Deputies' fees in Missouri and Iowa 105 50 
 
 " N. J. Coleman, (donation) 85 00 
 
 " Michel and Kern, '■ 13 00 
 
 " Thos. B. Bryan, " 100 00 
 
 " '• " " 50 00 
 
 October 4 " Waukon Grange, State fees 13 00 
 
 '■ IS " Frankville Grange, " 3 00 
 
 " 18 " Dispensation for Brocton Grange, N. Y.. 15 00 
 
 November 15 " Song Books 120 
 
 " 15 " Deputies' fees 6 00 
 
 " 21 " Dispensation for Waterford Gr'ge, Minn. 15 00 
 
 " 25 " of Sam. E. Adams, (loan) 40 00 
 
 Deoember 3 " of Wm. Saunders i:i 50 
 
 " 5 — Dispensation Wilton Junction Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 " 7 " Catlin Grange, Illinois 15 00 
 
 " 9— Received of Doctor Trimble 5 00 
 
2g6 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 December 12— Dispensation for Dallas Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 " 19— Received of Tbomas B. Bryan 250 00 
 
 " 20— Dispensation Castle Rock Grange, Minnesota 15 00 
 
 " 20 " Cedar Falls Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 " 24 " Darrel Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 " 24 " Jefferson Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 " 27— Received of Wm. Saunders 1 00 
 
 31 " " " 2 00 
 
 Advanced by O. H. Kelley, not credited 92 75 
 
 N. B. — I will not trouble the reader to add up the columns until we 
 finish the book, and then make one job of it ; at which time we will 
 copy the opposite pages, and show *'iuhat Jias becorne of all the 
 MONEY.'' All monies received by me in organizing Subordinate 
 Granges is entered as "Deputies' fees for organizing." 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 SUCCESS FINALLY ASSURED. 
 
 ^HE Annual Meeting of the National Granoe 
 was held at the office of Brother Saunders, 
 Four-and-a-Half Street, "Washington, D. C, 
 
 January 4th, 1871. 
 
 Present, Brothers Saunders, Trimble, Grosh, 
 Thompson and Kelley. 
 
 The Secretary read communications from Brothers 
 ]\Ioss, Hinckley, Paist, IMuir, Allen, Corbett, T. A. 
 Thompson, Bailey, S. E. Adams, McDowell, and 
 Anson Bartlett. 
 
 The Secretary made an informal report of the 
 progress of the work for the year, and suggested 
 that, as soon as he could locate and open his office, 
 a regular meeting be held, when the resident mem- 
 bers should all be present, and give a full day to 
 the business needing attention. 
 
 It was also decided that the Executive Committee 
 meet once each month, at the Secretary's office, 
 wherever that might be located. 
 
 In consideration of the liberal aid extended by 
 Hon. Thomas B. Bryan, of Chicago, he was, by 
 
 297 
 
2g8 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 unanimous vote, invited to become a meniLcr of 
 the Executive Committee of tlie ISTational Grange, 
 and the Secretary was instructed to notify him of 
 tliis action of the National Grange. 
 
 Among the communications read, were the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 On County Granges. 
 
 BeMlution of Lincoln Orange, No. 46, Oillford, Minnesota, 
 dated October 15th, 1870. 
 
 " That it is highly necessary that the National Constitution of 
 the Patrons of Husbandry he so altered as to create an Interme- 
 diate or County Grange in each county where there are ten or 
 more Granges organized. Said County Grange to be composed 
 of Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges: said 
 County Granges to meet semi-annually or annually, as a major- 
 ity may determine at any previous meeting of said Grange ; to 
 determine any local or general question which may properly 
 come before said Grange. C. C. Low, Master. 
 
 Jonathan Geisdale, Secretary. 
 
 [The object of this was almost exclusively to 
 enable the County Granges " to create a local 
 corporation to buy machinery or goods, and ship- 
 ping produce."] 
 
 From T. A. Thompson: 
 
 Plainview, Minn., Becember 20th, 1870. 
 Dear Brothek Kellet : 
 
 As the time is near when the National Grange will meet 
 to deliberate on the growing necessities of the Order, I ask the 
 privilege of presenting a few suggestions. * * * 
 
 First. I would have an annual password to be given. * * * 
 Then I would have a grip pertaining to each degree. * * * 
 Again, taking our State as an example, we have, say sixty Sub- 
 
Szicccss Filially Assured. 2gg 
 
 ordinate Granges. Masters and Past Masters arc entitled to 
 seats in the State Grange ; if two-tliirds attend, that body will 
 be too large, and attended with too much expense. I would 
 like to see an Intermediate or County Grange, composed of 
 Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges in the county, 
 to meet in January and July. At the January meeting, to elect 
 two of their number to attend the next State Grange. * * * 
 It seems to me, the growth of the Order requires this, or a similar 
 plan, but perhaps not yet. « « * 
 
 Great responsibility rests with the National Grange at its 
 coming session. If they lead in the spirit of progress, and dis- 
 charge the duties of the hour, they will receive the welcome 
 plaudit, " Well done," etc. Yours, T. A. Thoiipso:^ 
 
 [In a letter to Brotlier Bartlett, I had given mj^ 
 
 plan for organizing by letter, to wliich he replied :] 
 
 January 2d, 1871. 
 BROTnEK Kellet : 
 
 * * * I must protest against the plan of organ- 
 izing Granges by letter, for it seems to me j'ou might just as 
 well publish the whole work, and throw it broadcast over the 
 land, as to do that. * * * a. Bartlett. 
 
 From Brother A. S. Moss, Assistant Steward, 
 
 JSTew York: 
 
 Fbedonia, N. Y. 
 Bbotheks : 
 
 It would give me pleasure, though a stranger to most of 
 you, to meet with and join in your Annual Council. * * * 
 The spirit that actuates the head and heart, will show itself in 
 the actions of the body. Let us keep this in view while acting 
 as the head of our beloved Order, and remember that the spirit 
 that is in us, will be felt and manifested in all the body of our 
 brotherhood. Let us then so labor that a true brotherhood shall 
 bind us, not only in name, but in spirit. An Order that is the 
 outgrowth of the Seventeenth Century, it seems to me, ought to 
 be no mean Order. It should have inscribed on its helmet. 
 Equality, Justice, and Fidelity,— and be imbued with the broad 
 
^00 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 principles of Christian civilization, wbicli make tlie age in 
 wliich we live. That these are distinguishing principles of our 
 Order, above any of the older ones, I do most firmly believe ; 
 and all our acts in the National, State and Subordinate Councils, 
 should be deeply imbued in them. The Patrons of Husbandry 
 have a mission to fill that is unselfish, elevating, and ennobling. 
 Viewed in this light, what responsibility rests upon your deliber- 
 ations ; upon all acts in the Grange, and in the walks of life ! 
 I have said unselfish : yours is most emphatically a work of self- 
 abnegation. Your reward lies in the hope of doing good to 
 your fellows. Generations unborn will lisp your praises. 
 
 I cannot report to you that I have personally done much to 
 advance our Order, save that I have written some for the press, 
 and answered some inquiries ; but can say, when opportunity 
 has presented, I have not failed to be a witness. And though 
 in the minds of some, the progress has been slow, I am per- 
 suaded good seed has been sown on good ground, and will in 
 due time bear fruit. A too rapid growth would be evidence to 
 me that it was not a healthy one ; that evil would come of it. 
 
 I have been requested by our laborious (may I not say irre- 
 pressible) and worthy Secretarj', to make any suggestions that 
 may have occurred to me for the good of our Order, to which 
 I reply, nothing special. I presume the time is not distant when 
 our Ritual will need remodeling, and when that time comes, I 
 would abbreviate. We need more songs ; good common-sense 
 words, and plain choir tunes, is all that is needed, so that all 
 may learn and sing them. Make them so as to be uniformly 
 adopted by brothers in all parts of the land, that wherever we 
 meet we can sing together. Let this be a feature in our 
 Order. * * * 
 
 A word of caution may not be amiss to Subordinate Granges 
 when located in villages ; there is danger of a preponderating 
 membership of the village residents. When it can be done, let 
 the Subordinate Granges hold their meetings in the day-time. A 
 semi-annual pass would aid the finances. It is this matter of 
 finances that will work death to Subordinate Granges, unless 
 they are well arranged and attended to. 
 
 Uniformity in our work is most important, and therefore, 
 when the time comes to remodel, brevity is recommended. 
 
Success Finally Assmrd. jot 
 
 But I fear I am becoming prolix, and will close ; but not till I 
 renew my sympathy with you in the good work. Go on, work 
 on, fi^ht on ; 3'ou must win; you cannot go back. To go for- 
 ward is to triumph ; to go back is death. God help you ! 
 
 Fraternally yours, A. S. Moss. 
 
 On motion of Brother J. R. Thompson, adjourned 
 to meet at the call of the Master ot the National 
 Clrange. 
 
 The letters received from the South referred to 
 the female membership as a feature not likely to 
 be popular, Avliile we already had several from 
 Southern ladies, of which the following is one : 
 
 Cabin Home, Ashvii.le, ) 
 
 Buncombe Co., iSl. C, January 2d, 1871. J 
 
 Mr. O. H. Kellet, — Dear Sir : 
 
 I have learned through the Prairie Farmer, that tlierc is 
 
 an organization devoted entirely to the interests of farmers, and 
 
 ^^■rite to ask for all the information you w'lW be pleased to give 
 
 respecting it. 
 
 I have long wished there was some such organization, and am 
 much gratified to learn that one has been formed, or is being 
 formed. I am a woman, but am very much interested in every- 
 thing pertaining to the Agricultural interests of our country, and 
 anything I can do to promote the welfare of the farming commu- 
 nity, will be done with a hearty good will. 
 
 I think a Grange might be established in Ashville, and believe 
 many of our farmers here would join your Order. I shall want 
 to become a member, and will get many others if I can. If it is 
 indeed a good thing, I will labor heartily with you. 
 
 Your well-wisher, Mrs. Wm. J. Brown. 
 
J 02 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 The First Geange Hall in Indiana. 
 
 Honey Ckeek, Ind., January QiU, 1871. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 Yours of lOtli December is at hand. Please send the 
 liaper to organize by letter. We are going to install our officers 
 Saturday night of this week. The jewels have been received. 
 Our Hall is finished, and we expect to set the time to dedicate it, 
 at our next meeting. Any communication from you will be 
 thankfully received. We are prosjoering finely. 
 
 Yours fraternally, John Weir, W. M. 
 
 My efforts to get the Order established in "Wis- 
 consin had resulted in a vigorous correspondence 
 on the part of several interested persons, and I "will 
 leave the particulars of the early work in that State 
 to go into the local history, when that may be 
 written. I will say that evei-y letter written to me 
 by members of the Order in Wisconsin, during 1870 
 and 1871, have been preserved. 
 
 The first attempt at Co-operation, and to 
 inform Subordinate Granjyes through the K'atioual 
 Grange, where they could buy to advantage, was 
 made by Brother Hinckley, of Fredonia, January 
 7th, 1871, at my suggestion. He sent me one hun- 
 dred and fifty circulars in stamped unaddressed en- 
 velopes, being special offers to members of Subor- 
 dinate Granges to sell them seeds at wholesale rates. 
 I was to direct them for the good of the Order. 
 These I exhibited to ]\fr. Saunders with much satis- 
 
Success Finally Assured. joj 
 
 faction, but he opposed it, and I began to despair 
 of doing anything in the way of co-operation. I 
 (piote Brother Saunders' views, noted at that time 
 on Brother Hinckley's letter to me: "It is no 
 part of the work of the ITational Grange to do any 
 kind of business ; and to advertise any firms, even 
 at their own expense, is out of all reason." How- 
 ever, I sent out the circulars, believing it to be my 
 duty to lot brother Patrons know ■where they could 
 buy on favorable terms. 
 
 The following from one of our circulars, which 
 at that time had been in circulation for a j^ear, is 
 appropriate here. The italics are mine: 
 
 " Subordinate Granges are requested, as part of their work, to 
 communicate freely ■witli the National Grange, any matter wliicli 
 they may deem of interest or value to the Order at large. Infor- 
 mation relative to machinery, tools, seeds, etc., which they may 
 have tested either in favor of or otherwise, and whenever they 
 desire any information relative to crops, stock, plants, seeds, 
 machinery, advertisements, or any subject whatever, the same 
 will be given, if possible to be obtained, by applying to the Secre- 
 tary of the National Orange. All information given to the 
 National is the property of the Subordinate Oranges, and will be 
 freely imparted to them." 
 
 Within a week after. Brother Saunders compiled 
 the following circular, which I distributed in letters 
 to numerous parties, but it failed to meet with 
 sufficient encouragement to put the plan into effect. 
 
yo/ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 National Geange, ) 
 
 Washington, D. C, Jan. IStJi, 1871. j 
 
 To iJie State and Subordinate Granges : 
 
 The National Grange, at its present session, has been urged 
 by a large number of Subordinate Granges to adopt some plan by 
 which the members of the Order at large may feel secure in deal- 
 ing with parties abroad. In accordance with this request, and in 
 order to inaugurate a system of facilitating business intercourse 
 among members of the Order on a basis of mutual benefit and pro- 
 tection, it has been decided that the Executive Committee of the 
 National Grange shall issue a business circular as often as may 
 be deemed necessary. In this circular will appear the advertise- 
 ments of members of the Order, subject to the following condi- 
 tions : 
 
 Nurserymen, Seedsmen, Manufacturers of Agricultural Imple- 
 ments, and any others who may desire to be represented before 
 the members of the Order, will send a copy of the notice they 
 wish to have inserted to the Secretary of the Grange to which 
 they belong, and, after receiving the signatures of the Master and 
 Secretary of such Grange, the notice shall be enclosed to the ad- 
 dress of the Secretary of the National Grange. 
 
 A charge sufficient to cover the cost of printing and distributing 
 the circulars will be made against each advertisement. Before 
 going to press this charge will be ascertained and made Imown to 
 the parties concerned, so that they can remit the specified 
 amount, or otherwise advise the Secretary as they may deem ex- 
 pedient. 
 
 The mutual advantages to be derived from this arrangement, 
 both to buyer and seller, will be sufficiently apparent. The prin- 
 ciples of truth and honesty in all transactions, as inculcated in the 
 Ritual of the Order, will be strictly observed, and any seeming 
 difficulty that may arise will be presented to the Granges for ami- 
 cable settlement. 
 
Success Finally Assured. jo§ 
 
 Where Subordinate Granges elect one of their number as an 
 agent to make purchases and sales, it is advisable for them to 
 notify the Order at large through the Secretary of the National 
 Grange. 
 
 The advertisements for the first edition of proposed business 
 circular should be sent to the undersigned before the twenty-fifth 
 of February of the present year. 
 
 Issued by order of the Executive Committee. 
 
 O. H. Kellet, Secretary. 
 
 M}' family reached "Washington on the 5th of 
 Januar}'. "We leased the house, 1424 Sixth Street, 
 north, and commenced issuing all our circulars and 
 letters from our new home. 
 
 On January 12th the State Grange of Iowa was 
 organized, at Des Moines, with the following-named 
 members : 
 
 Dudley W. Adams, Isaac Brandt, 
 
 J. L. Enos, p. Melindy, 
 
 W. D. Whitman, C. D. Beeman, 
 
 Wm. Anderson, Wm. Duane Wilson, 
 
 Frank Si'EAGue. 
 
 Dudley W". Adams was elected Master, and Gen- 
 eral "U"m. Dnane Wilson, Secretary. "We had good 
 reason to feel much encouraged from this organiza- 
 tion. The Master had a live Subordinate Grange 
 at home, and accepted the highest position in the 
 State to make the Order a success. 
 
 On the 13th of January we received the First 
 20 
 
jo6 Patrons of Htisbatidiy. 
 
 Application for a Subordinate Grange in Wis- 
 consin. It was organized January 6th, 1871, by 
 Dr. W. H. Burnham, under the name of Plainville 
 Grange, No. 1, with the following-named members: 
 
 J. "W. IIOETON, Mks. G. p. Hokton, 
 
 S. "W. Tyler, Mrs. M. E. Tyleii, 
 
 Henry Wainright, Mrs. A. T. Atcherson, 
 
 W. W. Wainkigiit, Miss L. E. Tyler. 
 
 E. L. Jones, Mrs. E. Wainkigiit, 
 
 W. T. Atcherson, Miss Mary Wainright, 
 
 John Townsend, Mrs. C. Jones, 
 
 C. E. Sickles Mrs. M. J. Tot/nsend, 
 
 E. C. BuRK, Miss M. E. Sickles, 
 
 Miss A. E. Burk, Miss S. A. Buek. 
 
 It may be as well for the remainder of this book 
 to blend a cheerful air with my account of events, 
 for there are some matters to bo mentioned that 
 will give better satisfaction to those concerned, if 
 they are garnished with a spray of levity, rather 
 than sober fact. 
 
 Occasionally we would receive a letter, of whic-n 
 the following is a fair sample. The writer was a 
 newly fledged Deputy, but now a prominent mem- 
 ber in a Western State : 
 
 "I haye seen no 'Patron' from any other section; have 
 corresponded with none ; don't know who to write to, and have 
 but little information, except what I received from you. T)ie 
 fanners in this section nearly all agree that an organization of 
 
Success Finally Assured. joy 
 
 farmers is necessary, yet many are afraid this Order is a humbug. 
 " I have made but little effort to organize Granges, because 
 others seemed to be doing nothing, and I don't want to organize 
 a few Granges here, and then have the Order fall to pieces. I 
 have most implicit faith in the Order, and believe that if the right 
 kind of men are at the head, it can be made a grand success. 
 But the leaders in the Order are entire strangers to me, and I do 
 not know if it is in good or bad hands. I am much in need 
 of more light." 
 
 I could readily coincide with his sentiments ; but 
 there was no other way to do than to keep him 
 cheerful, and at work in his locality, until the 
 right men could be found to put at the head. 
 
 We had arranged our home matters, and fitted 
 up an office in a front room of our dwelling. We 
 notified the resident members to attend a meeting, 
 the following being a copy of the notice sent to 
 Doctor Trimble : 
 
 Washington, D. C, January 23d, 1871. 
 Brother Trimble: 
 
 An adjourned meeting of the National Grange will be 
 held at my house, on North Sixth, between O and P, fourth 
 door from P, new block, on Wednesday P. M., January 2jth, 
 at C o'clock, sharp. Yours fraternally, O. H. Kkllet. 
 
 Private. — Be sure and come, for I count on your advice about 
 tisiug up salary, and payments of money to Treasurer. 
 
 We now come to a meeting in the history that, 
 at the time it took place, left an unpleasant feeling. 
 
joS Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 but the results were magnificent, as will be seen in 
 our after progress. This was called to complete the 
 business of the first meeting in the month. 
 
 Special Meeting of the National Grange, 
 January 25th, 1871. 
 
 Present, Brothers Saunders, Trimble, Ireland and 
 Kelley. 
 
 The meeting was about being called to order, 
 when Brother Ireland said he had a previous 
 engagement and could not remain, but would leave 
 a communication for Brother Trimble to present, 
 and he retired. It proved to be his resignation as 
 Treasurer, which "was laid on the table." 
 
 "We then took up my proposition to organize 
 Subordinate Granges bj' letter. Dr. Trimble was 
 in excellent talking humor, and wrapped the " wet 
 blankets" about Brother Saunders and myself, 
 regardless of efliect, and if there was any vim for 
 the cause in Brother Saunders when he came, I 
 think Brother Trimble had well "squelched" it 
 by the time he left. 
 
 Our meeting lasted one hour only. I had counted 
 on the Doctor as one who would advocate my views, 
 but when he left, I concluded his sentiments were 
 peculiar to himself, and he had spent the evening 
 trying to see how big a scare he could give us. 
 
Success Finally Assured. jog 
 
 Miss Iliill and myself had left Minnesota with a 
 well studied plan of work, believing we could build 
 up our Order on that, and in no other way so 
 readily. We had entered upon this wild venture 
 Avith feelings of warranted success, and to have all 
 our fond hopes blasted by the desertion of three 
 associates in one evening, so soon after our arrival 
 in a land of strangers, and without any surplus of 
 funds, was rather discouraging. After the depart- 
 ure (for there w^as no formal adjournment of this 
 meeting, to which Doctor Trimble will cheerfully 
 certify, — we have had many a hearty laugh over it 
 since,) — I reported to my wife and niece the de- 
 moralized condition of matters. After moderate 
 counsel, they advised me to take a good sleep over 
 it, and in the morning everything would look 
 clearer. 
 
 The morning's resolution proved a good one. 
 "We decided to pay no attention to counsel from any 
 one, but keep our own, drive ahead as we had 
 planned, and stick to it until success crowned our 
 labors. 
 
 For January we recorded four new Granges. 
 
 I had arranged with the printers, Cunningham & 
 Mcintosh, to get out a Third Edition of the Manual, 
 in the present pocket form. To secure this edition 
 was essential, and it was the last mountain to be 
 
jio Patj-oiis of Husbandly. 
 
 removed. We were so nearly out of the old edi- 
 tion, that any sudden increase of applications for 
 new Granges would necessitate delay in supplying 
 them. The printers worked very slow, as they 
 were not sure of a deluge of funds. Money they 
 must have before the "forms" would go to press, 
 and that money I had to raise ; where and how, put 
 my wits at work. 
 
 We were having an active month, our very best 
 thus far; adding new Granges from Wisconsin, 
 Iowa, Ohio and Pennsylvania. Letters of inquiry 
 Avere increasing, while the communications from 
 old correspondents were assuming a more business- 
 like and encouraging character. 
 
 From Brother Jacques : 
 
 CnAELEBTON, S. C, February Wi, 1871. 
 O. 11. Kellbt, — 
 
 Deab Sir and Brother : 
 
 Your favor of the 30th ultimo came duly to hand. 
 
 So far as my limited time has permitted me to communicate 
 
 with persons whom it is desirable to enlist in our work, a good 
 
 degree of interest is manifested, and there is a demand for 
 
 further and more specific information than that afforded by the 
 
 circular. I will gladly distribute whatever the National Grange 
 
 may furnish me for that purpose. Probably the Constitution of 
 
 the Grange would answer many inquiries in regard to the 
 
 organization. 
 
 I purpose to publish the general circular in the next number 
 
 of the Rural Carolinian, which will bring it before manv thou- 
 
Success Finally Assured. jii 
 
 sands of readers in all parts of the Boutli. Please send me more 
 copies of it. Fraternally yours, B. II. Jacques. 
 
 From Dr. Enos : 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa, February IWi, 1871. 
 
 * * * I have the plans set for six Granges in 
 Benton County, and shall bring them all in time. That will 
 count, with what others are doing. t * * Send the 
 new Manuals as soon as possible. Jas. L. Ends. 
 
 General Wilson, Secretary of the State Grange 
 of Iowa, had enlisted in good earnest, and with his 
 newspaper, \he Homestead., and visiting different por- 
 tions of the State organizino; Subordinate Granges, 
 was creating quite an excitement. The General 
 and mA'self, at this time, enjoyed a furious corres- 
 pondence on certain matters relative to the Order. 
 Our active experience Avas proving of great value. 
 
 To secure funds to cover exjtenscs, I had been in 
 the habit of collecting a fee from Deputies for their 
 outfit. At the General's suggestion, this was soon 
 after discontinued, as the increase of Granges would 
 warrant it. Some good men were being enlisted, 
 and by their letters it was plain to be seen -we were 
 laving the foundation for a revolution in public sen- 
 timent. This Order was to bring out men who had 
 never before taken an active part in any societies, 
 and place them in the front rank. 
 
U2 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 On the 20tli, I had addressed a letter to Mr. 
 Bryan, telling him the exaet condition of our 
 affairs, and the actual need of a little more assist- 
 ance to carrj- me through the arrangement with the 
 printer, satisfied, if I could secure this loan, no 
 further pecuniary aid would be needed. 
 
 From Mr. Bryan : 
 
 Highland Place, ) 
 "Washikgton, D. C, Feb. 22d, 1871. ) 
 
 O. H. Kellet,— Deak Sik : 
 
 I am in receipt of yours of the 20tli, delivered tliis 
 morning. You desire $184.00 to aid in printing for the Patrons 
 of Husbandry, and propose paying me interest for the use of it 
 for six months. I am ■willing to nialie the loan, but not -willing 
 to receive any profit. If I accept, as I suppose I must, some 
 representative position in the Order, as you have frequently pro- 
 posed, it will be on the same terms as those stipulated by me in 
 taking prominent positions in other associations — to be entirely 
 free from any pecuniary return or compensation, directly or 
 indirectly. 
 
 I have the interests of the fraternity and of the farmers 
 warmly at heart, and am glad to be able to advance them. I 
 accept your proposition ■without any profit, and ■would be glad 
 to meet "with you and j-our Executive Committee. 
 
 It is best, perhaps, that past loans be considered donations, 
 and I so declare them, and this advance will be returned by you. 
 Yours respectfully, Tuos. B. Bryan. 
 
 This draft came in good time, and led to several 
 changes in business arrangements ; among others, a 
 change in our printers, for with this amount and 
 
Success Finally Assured. jij 
 
 sixteen new Granges for February, the Secretary's 
 office was enabled to be in a degree independent. 
 The press ran lively for a few days, and the new 
 Manuals were soon being received from the binder. 
 From Luke Eger: 
 
 Montgomery Station, ) 
 Ltcomikg County, Pa., Feb. 22d, 1871. ) 
 
 O. H. Kelley, — Dear Sir : 
 
 I have at last succeeded in raising and organizing a club 
 
 here, and I think there will be but little trouble after this in 
 
 establishing clubs in this County. 
 
 I enclose fee for Dispensation, etc. As our club room for the 
 
 present is some distance from Montgomery Station, I would be 
 
 pleased to be notified some days before the arrival of the Deputy, 
 
 so as to meet him there with conveyance, as the roads are 
 
 getting in bad condition ; and also to be able to notify the 
 
 members. Your obedient servant, Luke Eger. 
 
 This being the first genuine working Grange in 
 Pennsylvania, I give the names of the Charter 
 members : 
 
 Eagle Grange, j^o. 1, Clinton, Lycoming County, Pa. 
 
 Luke Eger, Jos. Heilman, 
 
 John Page, Benj. IIarjian, 
 
 J. G. Tyson, Daniel Fritz, 
 
 J. II. Walter, C. A. Shaffer, 
 
 Henry Decker, Wm. F. Getz, 
 
 Abkaiiaji Page, J. II. Fritz, 
 
 ^V. H. Hoffman, T. J. Smith, 
 
 S. r. Shaffer, Michael Siciiter, 
 
j/^ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Frank Poetee, Mes. Samuel Eger, 
 
 JoHK Webb, An^t Griggs, 
 
 D. C. Griggs, Miss Rachel Porter, 
 
 Chas. Berger, Miss Sarah Barda, 
 
 J. C. Maetian, Mrs. Cheistiana Page, 
 
 H. H. Berger. Mrs. ISIary Decker, 
 
 Eli Harjian, Mrs. A. Harsiajst, 
 
 Samuel McLees, Mrs. Susan IIoffman, 
 
 CoENELius Shaffer, Mrs. E. A. Walter, 
 
 Mes. L. Porter. 
 
 Witli the documents sent Granges, we then en- 
 closed a paper sample of Eegalia, giving instruc- 
 tions how to be made. This proved unsatisfactory, 
 and at General Wilson's suggestion, we soon com- 
 menced sending a Gent's Hegalia, and paper pattern 
 of Ladies'. 
 
 On the 28th February, the General wrote : 
 
 "My trip of two weeks has resulted in the formation of h.ilf 
 a dozen Granges, and laying the foundation for three times as 
 many, I think. Do tell me what thcj' are doing in other States 
 and whether agents for the Order are being established in Chi- 
 cago, New York, etc. I have promised, there will be before fall, 
 anyhow." 
 
 W. G. P. Brinckloe, of Philadelphia, wrote me: 
 
 February 28t!i, 1871. 
 Yours of 14th duly to hand, but I have had such a press of 
 business as to prevent my giving it due attention. I approve of 
 your Order, and shall do all in my power to extend it. * * 
 I intend to have a Grange department hereafter in the National 
 JFarmer, to which I trust you will send all news you can collect. 
 
S71CCCSS Finally Assrtrcd. jTj 
 
 This seemed an excellent opportunity, and it Avas 
 not many weeks before I had the paper overflowing 
 with matter about the Order. It was issued as an 
 advertising sheet, but between the P. 0. Depart- 
 ment and my heavy contributions, it disappeared a 
 few months after. 
 
 My plan for organizing by letter was answering 
 tlu' purpose of letting clubs get underway, and satis- 
 fying applicants for Granges until it would pay for 
 Do^^uties to reach their neighborhoods, while at the 
 same time they had no superfluous knowledge of 
 the secret work. 
 
 Gen. Wilson wrote : 
 
 Des Moines, February 28ih, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellbt, — Deak Brother . 
 
 I cannot get to Plymouth Grange at present. Can you not 
 send them the work by letter, so they can open it "svithout any 
 other aid? Do so at once, as their petition has been here about 
 ten days. * * * As ever, yours, 
 
 "Wm. Duane Wilson. 
 
 About these days Rufus Hatch was publishing in 
 the Neiv York Independent, some wide-awake articles 
 upon railroads watering their stock, etc., and hav- 
 ing received several copies, I sent them West. 
 Tliey were soon called for in quantities for general 
 circulation, and I wrote Mr. Bowen for instructions 
 as to where they could be obtained, and received the 
 following : 
 
J/6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 New Yoek, February 21th, 1871. 
 0. H. Kkllet,— Dear Sir : 
 
 Mr. Bowen, of the JV. Y. Independent, has handed me 
 j'our letter to him of 24th instant, and I take jjleasure in forward- 
 ing you my series of circulars (Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4,) and have en- 
 tered your name to send the others as they are printed. I ;ilsi) 
 enclose eighteen sets for your general Deputies. 
 
 Your truly, Rupus Hatcu, i)er L. 
 
 Our correspondence in Missouri was one of inter- 
 est. Brotlicrs IVIuir and Allen were not idle witli 
 their pens, but it was a serious qiiestion with them, 
 as with most of our friends, whether it would pay 
 lo start out and Ijuild up Granges in person. 
 
 The following from Brother Allen : 
 
 Allektown, Mo., February 2oih, 1871. 
 Brother O. H. Kelley . 
 
 Received a note from you through the hands of Brother 
 Muir, in regard to sending Deputies into Missouri, to try to organ- 
 ize Granges. This would be very gratifying to me if it could be 
 successfully done. But I fear, at present, it would not be a suc- 
 cess. Brother Muir and I have been trj'ing pretty hard to niaUe 
 it go, and though there is not much apparent success, I think we 
 shall yet succeed. Brother Muir has spent considerable time and 
 money by traveling and otherwise, and lectured a number of 
 times. I have traveled some, and wrote a number of articles — 
 sticking in something about the Patrons whenever I can — and 
 done considerable talking privatelj'', and some little publicly. 
 The field is being cleared. I think our labor is not lost. Brother 
 Muir and I hold ourselves in readiness to go and organize a 
 Grange in any part of the State when thej' are readj' for it. Rut 
 
Sncircss Finally Assured. jiy 
 
 Via tliink it better not to appear too anxious on tlie suljject, but 
 ratlier to elicit (somewliatinclirect]3') inquiry, to awaken tliouglit, 
 etc. Our people here in Missouri are somewhat pecKliar. They 
 have a good deal of the old prejudice against new things, espe- 
 cially if it comes from the East — a relict of Pro-Slavery barbarism. 
 We have to feel our way along among them, and when a favora- 
 ble opportunit}' presents itself, be ready to strike. 
 
 Brother Muir delivered a most splendid lecture at our installa- 
 tion ; the best I ever heard of him or of anj'body else on that 
 subject. We intend to publish it, but not until May, as we want to 
 have him repeat it before our Ilorticultural Society in that month. 
 The weather was unfavorable on the occasion, and not many out. 
 Mine on the same occasion will probably be out in the Itural be- 
 fore that time. I enclose you an article cut from the Rural, as a 
 sample of how we work in when opportunity offers. 
 
 If you think best to send us help, we shall certainly interpose 
 no objection. I have given you my views. I think we shall 
 succeed, but it will take time, and that it is better to hasten slow- 
 ly at present. 
 
 Shall be glad to hear from you as frequently as convenient. 
 Hoping for your health and prosperity, and the success of the 
 Patrons, I am fraternally yours, T. R. Allen. 
 
 The State Grange of Minnesota closed its Annual 
 Session on the 24th of Fcbi-uan', having elected 
 Brother T. A. Thompson, Master. This brought 
 us another active member into the Xational Grange. 
 In reply to his several suggestions relative to im- 
 proving the unwritten vs^ork, I requested him to 
 send me, for the Executive Committee, a full 
 description of it, and if it proved of real value, 
 very likely it Avould be adopted. 
 
ji8 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 One of our earliest letters from Mississippi was 
 dated : 
 
 BooHviLLE, Miss., Marched, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Deak Sik : 
 
 I have just read in the Rural Carolinian, published in 
 Charleston, S. C, a notice of the new Order, known as the 
 " Grange," and am desirous of further knowledge on the 
 subject. Will you be so kind as to post me further, and oblige 
 the editor of a little paper in this place. 
 
 Truly, J. M. Nokment. 
 
 From J. C. Abbott : 
 
 Clakksville, Iowa, March 2d, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet, — My Dear Sir : 
 
 Yesterday I received from you the Dispensation for our 
 Grange (No. 21), together with the Manuals, circulars, etc. I 
 enclose herewith money for sample of Gents' Regalia. 
 
 We think we shall soon gather in a large and influential 
 Grange. Yours truly, J. C. Abbott. 
 
 General "Wilson wrote on 8th of March, ""Wltat 
 is the Lecturer of the N'ational Grance doiu"-' 
 Has he prepared anj-thing for the instruction of 
 Granges? Your Grand Officers will have to work 
 if they want to retain their places. "Work is the 
 word." 
 
 On March 13th I received a long and interesting 
 letter from Brother Adams, Master of State Grange 
 of Iowa, in which he strongly advocated a reduction 
 of Deputy's fees, and the State Grange retaining 
 
J. C. ABBOTT, 
 
MRS. J. 0. ABBOTT. 
 
Success Filially Assured. jiq 
 
 the degree dues, then claimed by the Constitution 
 for the K"ational Grange. lie reviewed the corres- 
 pondence from members of the Order in his State, 
 and gave me much valuable information and advice, 
 some of which was afterwards enscrafted in our laws. 
 
 Our work in the office required me to call occa- 
 sionally upon Brothers Saunders and J. IL Thomp- 
 son, while I did not wholly ignore our "wot 
 blanket," the Doctor, who took delight in saying 
 ho had dispersed the National Grange as efi'uctually 
 as Cromwell did the Parliament, or as a stone 
 thrown among a squad of frogs. Brother Ireland 
 had most decidedly withdrawn himself, because I 
 had not complied with his plans relative to the 
 financial part of the work. His vic^\'s were theo- 
 retically correct; but, though somewhat homespun, 
 mine, practically, answered the purpose until the 
 National Grange was permanently organized and 
 incorporated. 
 
 Oscar Dinwiddle put in an appearance in the 
 Order, by a letter dated 
 
 Orchard Grove, Ind., MarchZOth, IRTl. 
 O. II. KelTjET, — Dear Sir : 
 
 The farmers in this neighborhood have organized, and in 
 successful operation, a Farmers' Clufc, but some of us think va 
 would like to organize a Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 Please tell me how to proceed, as none of us know anything 
 about it. Yours respectfully, OscAii Dinwiddie. 
 
^30 Palrous of Husbandry. 
 
 On Mfircli 22cl, Brotlicr Jacques wrote from 
 
 Cliarlestoii : 
 
 I am sowing tlie good seed througliout this State and tlie 
 Soutli. I trust some of it falls on good and properly prepared 
 ground. No opposition in any active form has developed itself 
 as yet, but there exists at present a degree ot apathy, which is 
 worse. « * * There is need of a Special Deputy 
 
 here in Charleston to undertake the organization of a Grange or 
 Granges in Charleston Count}'. As other duties prevent me 
 from the out-door worlc required to get up a Club, I recommend 
 for that position, "William E. Simmons, Jr., of this city. * * * 
 Very truly and fraternally, D. II. Jacques. 
 
 Our first communication from Alabama was from 
 a reader of the Rural Carolinian, — J. IT. Larger, of 
 Eutaw. .* 
 
 Early in March, calls for Hatch's circulars were 
 loud, and I found it advisable to solicit another 
 supply, and obtained from Air. Hatch eight hun- 
 dred more. They proved excellent " fuel " for 
 Deputies to circulate. One wrote: "Send them 
 by the hundred; flood the country with them." 
 Another wrote: "The matter contained in them 
 is most astounding, and yet I predicted the same 
 thing thirty years ago," etc. 
 
 I wrote Brother Allen : 
 
 Marcli 15«7i, 1871. 
 Br.oTHER Allen : 
 
 Who shall be appointed in St. Louis as the Agent of the 
 
 Order, to buy and sell for the Granges in Iowa and Jlinnesota ? 
 
Success Finally Assured. ^21 
 
 Be cautious in malcing the selection ; lie must bo a maa that is 
 above reproach, and who will deal honorably with the members. 
 In time it will undoubtedly be a large business. * * * 
 
 Do not be discouraged because the work goes slow in your 
 State ; it will come out all right b}' and by. Wo ought to have 
 a •vigorous membership near headciuartcrs. * * * 
 
 Yours fraternally, O. 11. K. 
 
 Colonel D. S. Curtiss received a commission as 
 General Deputy, in December, 1870, and left for 
 Ohio, thence into Pennsylvania. ;- As an earnest, 
 hard worker, he had few equals; but not corrcn- 
 ponding success. He gave the first instructions to 
 Plain Grange, in Stark County, Ohio, of which 
 Brother Henry McDowell was Master, and I think 
 the oldest living Grange in the State. He also 
 gave instructions to the Grange at Montgomery- 
 Station, in Penns^dvania. In most of the toAvns he 
 visited, the Order had Jiot been heard of, and the 
 people were not then ready for the organization. 
 Since then, however, these places have taken much 
 interest, and now have Granges. Probably no Dep- 
 uty ever traveled more miles on foot, or met with 
 more discouragements. His letters were frequent, 
 and always cheerful. He said in one: "I sliall 
 keep working; there is some fun in the eftbrt r.nd 
 motive, if nothing else." 
 
 March closed, giving us thirteen new Granges. 
 
222 Patrons of Htisbandry. 
 
 April. 
 
 The great bulk of our letters gave us new ideas, 
 and every possible way to bring the Order into 
 notice, was adopted. "Co-operation" and "down 
 with monopolies," were proving popular watch- 
 words. About this time, I changed the form of 
 our circular into that of the Tracts, giving them 
 numbers, and thus commenced what I had long 
 advocated — this form of disseminating information 
 among the people — a convenient form for mailing, 
 reading, and binding. Free tracts for the million ! 
 
 The opponents of the Order were beginning to 
 show quite an interest in our financial matters. 
 The " larc/e amount of money " that was then 
 " being paid to the Secretary," gave them a great 
 deal of anxiety, and hardly a mail came but we 
 received at least one letter asking, "what becomes 
 of all the money sent to the National Grange?" 
 and I doubt if a day has passed since, but one 
 or more letters asking the same question, and 
 another prophesying the rapid downfall of the In- 
 stitution. But still it lives! It is founded on 
 truth and justice, and must prevail. 
 
 However, in my ofiice our special work was to 
 establish the Order — spread the organization into 
 every State, and then into every county and town. 
 To have an association with one million members, 
 
Success Finally Assured. J2j 
 
 Avas our aim. What the Order might accomplish, 
 depended upon the men and women who should be 
 leaders in the Subordinate Granges. Get these 
 first, then State organizations, and then perma- 
 nently organize the National Grange. Mj' corres- 
 pondence at this time, with leaders in the several 
 States, brought me in return many encouraging 
 words such as these : 
 
 From Missouri : 
 
 "I am glad your faith is still so strong, and your heart so 
 brave. Our cause is a noble one, and with such courage and 
 energy, even in a few brave souls, must succeed. In the pros- 
 perity of the farmers is involved the prosperity and happiness of 
 the world. T. R. Allen." 
 
 From Mississippi : 
 
 " I think, from what I know of the wants of our citizens, the 
 time is ripe for the organization, and sincerely believe our 
 people would heartily co-operate in perfecting its success ; and 
 in an organization eschewing 'poUiics,' it strikes a sympathetic 
 chord with the wishes of the people. R. Fowler, M.D.'' 
 
 To Brother Allen I wrote : 
 
 "Since I was in St. Louis, Iowa has organized thirty-five 
 Subordinate Granges, and they are trying to lead all other 
 Ftates, but do not be discouraged ; I feel confident Missouri will 
 come up with full ranks in good time. Mississippi and Alabama 
 are in correspondence, and I look for a large membership in the 
 South. O. H. K." 
 
^24- Patrons of Hiisbaiidiy. 
 
 The first letter from Kentucky was from R. S. 
 Reeves, of Allensville. lie wrote to Brinekloe k 
 ]\Iarot, at Pliiladelphia : 
 
 April ISth, 1871. 
 Gents : 
 
 For a few weeks 1 have been receiving your paper, The 
 National Farmer. Among other valuable things, I find something 
 about Patrons of Husbandry, Granges, etc. Our Farmers' Club 
 appointed a man to correspond with some persons, and learn 
 more upon the subject. If you can do so, I would like to have 
 you give me an account of its origin, objects, progress, etc. If 
 there is any good, we want to have it. 
 
 Yours, etc., E. S. Reeves. 
 
 April proved a busy montli for ofiice work, but 
 light in Dispensations ; we issued but six. On the 
 30th, I wrote to Brother Allen : 
 
 " We must keep the Order continually before the public ; it 
 will not answer to be modest, if we want to meet with success. 
 I don't believe in hiding our light under bushels, or anything 
 else. I only wish somebody could say or do something that 
 would make the Order known all over the land in forty -eight 
 hours. * « * There is not excitement enough ; we 
 want to be so fixed in popular favor, that applications will como 
 in for Charters at the rate of three or four a day, instead of that 
 number in a week.* We lack the capital, and must win credit 
 
 •It has been my pleasure, since then, to see opened In my office in 
 one day, one hundkkd and sixty-five applications, accompanied 
 by the fee of Fifteen Dollars each— aggregating two thousand four 
 hundred and seventy-flve dollars. 
 
Success Finally Assured. j2j 
 
 from our own efforts, and show wliat a few determined men 
 and women can do. Keep pcgg;ing away, and your State will 
 yet come to the front. O. H. K." 
 
 Notwithstanding the vote on the 4th of January, 
 that the Executive Committee meet once a month, 
 the Doctor's "wet blanket" seemed to keep the 
 spirits of our resident members very quiet, and an 
 occasional call from Erother Saunders, to sign Dis- 
 pensations, sufficed for all practical purposes. 
 
 May, 1871, 
 Opened with a letter from Joseph Seymour & Son, 
 urging me to "stir up the Granges to send for 
 Jewels, as the dies cost quite a sum, and have 
 not paid interest on the outlay." For my part, I 
 was more anxious just then to see new Granges 
 organize than to interest myself much in decorating 
 the officers. 
 
 Anxious to get a foothold in Vermont, I asked 
 Brother J. R. Thompson to reply to a letter 
 received from Jonathan Lawrence, to which he 
 rejoined, that the letter satisfied him the Order 
 was "a good thing for the farming community, but 
 the trouble is to make them believe it." Brother 
 Lawrence worked faithfully, and is recorded as the 
 Father of the Order in Vermont. 
 
 Mr. Brinckloe wrote, in reply to an order of 
 mine for two thousand copies of The National 
 Fanner : 
 
J26 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Philadelphia, May 9</i, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet, Esq., — 
 
 Deae Sib and Bkother : 
 
 I send you by to-day's express, one thousand of 
 
 Farmer. It is stirring up quite an interest in the cause. We 
 
 are, however, hurting ourselves among many of our subscribers, 
 
 who, so far, believe it to be a political institution. 
 
 The Order is not doing much of anything for us, and yet it is 
 
 through such an organ you are to reach the public cheaply and 
 
 effectually. * * * \ senOi you several letters of inquiry. 
 
 Will publish another instalment this week. 
 
 Fraternally, W. G. P. Bkinckloe. 
 
 From Dudley W. Adams : 
 
 Waukon, Iov^a, May Wth, 1871. 
 O. H. Kelley, — Dear Brotheh : 
 
 May 15th I organized at Cresco, Howard County Grange, 
 "with the following members : « » « Master — A. B. 
 Smedley. I also send names and fee for a Grange organized at 
 Twin Springs, May 16th. « « * ^m going to 
 
 Frankville Grange to-morrow to lecture. 
 
 Yours, D. W. Adams. 
 
 Now, that our Order ia a success, one may enter 
 tlie confessional with propriety, and not be censured 
 if he acknowledges some things were rather mythi- 
 cal in those days, when every anxious inquirer ex- 
 pected the most favorable answers. To have said 
 "K"©," when his whole happiness depended upon 
 "Yes," would have blasted our chances, by dis- 
 couraging all those we were trying to enlist in the 
 cause. I am reminded of this by several earnest 
 
Success Finally Assured. J27 
 
 letters of those days from Brother T. A. Thompson, 
 lie Avas particularly desirous to add to our Eitual a 
 more systematic "unwritten" w-ork, and, to en- 
 courage him, I replied that he might send an out- 
 line, and I would suhmit it to the Executive Com- 
 mittee. He did so, but I could not at first compre- 
 hend the explanation of the MSS., and called for :i 
 more minute description. As he and myself have 
 had considerable amusement, recalling the imagi- 
 nary scene of that "Executive Committee" examin- 
 ing that composition, it will suffice to say that the 
 last time I wrote him, in May, I told him the matter 
 would be thoroughly examined at the next meeting 
 of the Committee, and I laid it in the pigeon holes 
 for future reference, while he was introducing it to 
 some of the Minnesota Granges, receiving their 
 hearty endorsement. 
 
 This month brought Mississippi into our ranks. 
 Brother W. L. Williams wrote : 
 
 RiENZi, Miss., May'Udth, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Sir: 
 
 I have succeeded in getting up a Subordinate Grange in 
 this place, and desire to know if we can send you the requisite 
 fees for Charter, etc., and commence work without sending for 
 Deputy. If this can he done, it will save the Grange the 
 expense of from foO to $100, which will be a considerable itei.-i 
 to us. Everybody is pleased with the Order, as far as they cau 
 know of it. I was elected Master of this Grange, and we only 
 want to know how to lead off. Yours respectfully, 
 
 W. L. Williams. 
 
J) 
 
 2S Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 My reply enabled him to organize his Grange '■'■hy 
 Idler'' as desired. His temporary organization made 
 Eienzi really the oldest in the South, being on the 
 20tli of May, while Ashley Grange, of Charleston, 
 South Carolina, was reported as organized on Maj' 
 24th; but the application for Eienzi, of Mississippi, 
 is dated June 3d. 
 
 Under the same date, I received the information 
 from Oscar Dinwiddle, of Orchard Grove, Indiana : 
 
 " We organized to-day with thirty members, but they think 
 best to wait a few days before they send for a Dispensation, to 
 allow a few who could not attend, to come into the Grange as 
 Charter members." 
 
 May 23d brought me the information from Mr. 
 Brincldoe, that ho had been obliged to suspend The 
 National Farmer. Ho had been issuing it as an 
 advertising sheet, and the Post Office Department 
 claimed he was sending it out contrary to law. 
 Suffice it to say, the Order gained some notoriety, 
 but our tracts answered an equal purpose, and I 
 have not taken nauch stock in a National organ 
 since. 
 
 Our next good news was dated: 
 
 CnABLESTON, S. C, May 25ih, 1871. 
 BKOTiiEii Kelley : 
 
 I hare the pleasure of enclosing herewith the Roll signed 
 
 by Charter members, application for Dispensation, and a Post 
 

 m^^f f 
 
 OSCAR DINWIDDii;. 
 
 A. A. BAYLEY. 
 
 D. S. CURTISS. 
 
 329 
 
 W. L. WILLIAMS. 
 
Success Finally Assured. J2g 
 
 Office money order for fifteen dollars. In so doing, I have pur- 
 sued what I take to he the right course. If I have made any 
 mistake, please inform me for future reference. * * * 
 
 Fraternally yours, Wm. E. Simmons. 
 
 Ashley Grange, No. 1, Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
 CHARTEB MGMBEKS. 
 
 A. B. EosE, J. C. Cammer, 
 
 E. L. EocHE, H. W. Kinsman, 
 
 Jas. H. Deveraux, E. E. Brown, 
 
 C I. "Walker, D. H. Jacques, 
 
 J. C. II. Claussen, Wm. E. Simmons, Jr., 
 
 Wm. Ufferhardt, Mrs. Emma E. feosE, 
 
 E. W. DisHER, Mrs. Jane J. Eoche, 
 
 J. A. Atkinson, Mrs. Maria L. Bacot, 
 
 J. L. Bacot, Mrs. Elizabeth Geiger, 
 
 H. Williams, Mrs. Maria E. Jacques, 
 
 David Geiger, Mrs. Mart E. Atkinson, 
 
 Jos. T. Dill, Miss Emma J. Simmons. 
 
 In hopes of obtaining some valuable information 
 to send our Granges, during [Maj^ I was searching for 
 knowledge, and addressed to Hon. Horace Capron, 
 Commissioner of Agriculture, in Washington, a 
 letter asking what practical information he could 
 give me relative to the destruction of Pocket 
 Gophers, and how to get rid of Cut Worms, both 
 of which were so destructive to our crops in the 
 AVest. I append the reply, signed by the Commis- 
 
J JO Patrons of Htisbandry. 
 
 sioner. It shows the Department, under Capron, 
 Avas a poor place to apply for reliable practical infor- 
 mation in the worm line. The italics are mine : 
 
 DePAETMENT op AoRICULTtTRE, ) 
 
 ■Washington, D. C, June 2Ui, 1871. ) 
 O. H. Kellkt, Esq., Washington, D. C: 
 Dear Sik : 
 
 In the American Agriculturist for 1864, p. 77, 
 strychnine is recommended to be used to poison the gophers, and 
 in the same Journal for 1866, volume 25, p. 139, you will find u. 
 drawing and description of a trap which is said to be very 
 effectual. In the Report of this Department for 1864, p. 553, 
 you will also find an article treating on the various remedies 
 which have been proposed, to destroy the Cut Worm. Fall 
 plowing is said to be useful, by turning up the worms and 
 exposing them to the attacks of birds, and the winter's frost and 
 inclemency of the weather. Salt has also been spoken highly of, 
 but the only danger is, that if used in sufficient quantities to kill 
 the Cut "Worms, vegetation might also be injured. 
 
 I am, respectfully, Horace Capron, Commissioner. 
 
 One of our most earnest friends to the Order, 
 was Col. E. D. Powell, of Columbus, Mississippi. 
 He commenced correspondence early in April, and 
 proved an indefatigable worker, though far ad- 
 vanced in years. Our success in his part of the 
 State, and in "Western Alabama, is largely due to 
 him. Brother Williams, the Secretary of the State 
 Grange, early made himself a leader in the AVork. 
 He wrote: 
 
Success Finally Assured. jji 
 
 RiENZi, June 5</t, 1871. 
 Mr. O. H. Kbllby, — Deak Sir : 
 
 I have sent you by express to-day, a list of members who 
 have paid fees, and application for Charter and other necessary 
 documents for organization of a Grange here; also enclose $\~> 
 to pay for same. I send it by express, believing it to be the 
 safest way. We have eight or ten more members not men- 
 tioned, who were not present, and have not paid fees. "Will 
 forward their names soon. There are several more Granges pre- 
 paring for organization. I would be glad if you would author- 
 ize nie to organize them, and send me ten or fifteen blanks each, 
 in order that I maj' supply them when needed. I would be 
 glad to be informed when enough Granges are organized to 
 organize a State Grange. Please give me all instructions. This 
 thing needs only to be understood in this country. Wo have 
 wanted general organization among the farming class, but have 
 not so far succeeded. I think this will be the thing. We will 
 have a very large Grange here ; plenty of ladies desire to join ; 
 going to have a nice thing of it. 
 
 Yours fraternally, W. L. Williams. 
 
 This was the First Grange in Mississippi, and 
 the following are the names of Charter members : 
 
 EiENZi Gkange, No. 1, organized June Sd, 1871. 
 
 W. L. WiLLIASIS, C. B. CUKLEE, 
 
 W. A. Parish, W. M. Eoss, 
 
 Ben J. PooK, II. H. Ikvin, 
 
 R. L. Boone, B. C. Stanly, 
 
 S. M. White, W. II. Boone, 
 
 J. C. Nichols, B. Burnett, 
 
 C. W. Williams, T. C. Johnson, 
 
 O. T. DOUGIITRY, B. F. WiLLiAsrs, 
 L. B. Mitchell. 
 
JJ2 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 On the 17th of June, Brother Powell followed in 
 Mississippi, with Columbus Grange, No. 2. 
 
 It had been sugErested to Mr. Saunders and 
 myself, by one connected with the Chronide, in 
 Washington, that the editor Mas desirous of devot- 
 ing some portion of his weekly issue to the inter- 
 ests of the Order; hence, with that object, we had 
 an interview with him, and partial arrangements 
 Avere made that we should furnish a certain quan- 
 tity of matter, and do what we could to add to the 
 circulation, as an off-set. But the arrangement fell 
 through, from lack of time, on my part, to attend 
 to the matter. Miss Hall and myself were usually 
 at our desks as early as six in the morning, and as 
 late as nine and ten in the evening, attending to 
 correspondence, and preparing and sending off our 
 packages, hence had no time for writing editorials. 
 
 I had been writing to Mr. Geo. Noyes, editor of 
 the Ifassachusetts Ploughvian, for some time, under 
 the impression that if his paper would advocate our 
 cause, we should be made in 'Eqw England. 
 
 He wrote me : 
 
 Boston, June Ith, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellby, — Dear Sru: 
 
 We sball come out strong this week editorially for 
 
 "Patrons of Husbandry," being fully convinced onrseliies 
 
 first, that everything is all right in the system and working, 
 
 tests and restrictions of the Order. You will now, therefore, 
 
Success Finally Assured. jjj 
 
 find the PlougJiman a co-operative and sympathetic friend all 
 the way through. We have taken pains to issue a good number 
 this week, and shall send specimen copies to such names as you 
 have forwarded, and also the fifty copies to your address. You 
 must have observed that we have been careful that this was 
 right before entering into it fully. Therefore, if you can do 
 anything to extend our circulation, we should be happy to 
 receive it. We are, most truly yours, Gbo. Notes. 
 
 June 7th, Brother Jacques wrote : "I think I have 
 set the ball in motion in Alabama, as well as Mis- 
 sissippi." His letters to us were frequent, and I 
 soon found he was using his pen privately to ad- 
 vance our interests, in several of the Southern 
 States. 
 
 The Deputies in Iowa were now doing such good 
 work, I was anxious to get some of them into 
 adjoining States, and hence wrote letters to several 
 successful ones with that view. J. "Wilkinson visited 
 Illinois, and made the trial in "Whitesides County. 
 He found poor encouragement at first, but the 
 results of the few Granges he started, were evident 
 a few months later. 
 
 The man who set the ball in motion in Northern 
 
 Indiana wrote : 
 
 Orchard Grove, Lake CotJNTT, Ikd. 
 O. H. 'K.'E.iAJKY, Secretary of the National Qrange : 
 Dear Sib: 
 
 I send you by Post Office money order, tlie 
 fee of fifteen dollars for Dispensation and all necessary docu- 
 
jj^ Patrons of Husbajidty. 
 
 ments to enable us to work in a Subordinate Grange. If you 
 desire me to act as Special Deputy, I think I could organize 
 some more Granges in this section. The farmers are inquiring 
 into the workings of the Order. If you wish me to act, please 
 send full instructions and necessary blanks. Some men in the 
 South-west part of our county, and some in the county adjoin- 
 ing, are anxious to organize in their respective sections. Please 
 send Dispensation at your earliest convenience. 
 
 Yours truly, Oscae Dinwiddie. 
 
 June 24th, General "Wilson wrote: 
 
 " Six Granges unite together in Dallas County, on the 4th of 
 July, near Dallas Centre, to celebrate it by a basket pic-nic ; am 
 invited to address them ; expect a good time ; wish you could be 
 with us. Enclosed please find Post Office order for fifteen 
 dollars for Ottumwa Grange. I expect to open two or three 
 Granges in Nebraska, when I can find time to go there." 
 
 From December until the last of this present 
 month, Dr. W. II. Burnham had been organi;5ing 
 as General Deputy in Wisconsin. lie had proved 
 our most voluminous correspondent, and in this 
 respect, a success, — his letters containing from six 
 to thirt}' pages cap pajjer, closely written in a clear 
 business hand, and perfectly free from errors in 
 spelling or erasures, and really singular specimens 
 of composition. He organized twenty Subordinate 
 Granges; nearly every member of them Avas de- 
 scribed in glowing colors at length in his letters. 
 In organizing the State Grange, he favored me 
 
Success Fi7ially Assured. JJJ 
 
 witla nearl}' sixty jia^es'descriptivc thereof. All of 
 this matter I now have, and it wU], perhaps, souie 
 day answer for a history of the Order in that State 
 in those early days. 
 
 June 12th was the day set for the State organiza- 
 tion. Brother T. A. Thompson, member of State 
 Grange of Minnesota, had been invited to attend 
 and assist the Doctor, but by some misunderstand- 
 ing, could not reach Plainfield in season. S. "W". 
 Pierce was elected Master, and G. W. Sheardown, 
 Secreta^3^ From the numerous accounts received 
 of this meeting, and the expressive resolutions 
 afterwards passed, it was evident the most perfect 
 harmony did not exist in the organization, and for 
 the present we will pass it by. 
 
 In the progress of the work in Iowa, I received this 
 suggestion from Brother J. C. Abbott: " "Would it 
 not be well for you to issue a circular addressed to 
 various manufacturers, informing them, in general 
 terms, of the aims of our Order, espcciallj^ as to the 
 purchase of machinery, and ask those who want our 
 patronage, to send their wholesale price list to you, 
 and you can then give them a list of Subordinate 
 Granges?" 
 
 For May and June we counted thirty-three new 
 Granges. 
 
 July commenced with onr friends in town being 
 
2^6 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 pretty well satisfied the plans laid down by Miss 
 Hall and myself would prove successful. !• sug- 
 gested that, as the Executive Committee had failed 
 to put in an appearance, as a body, since August, 
 it would be advisable to come together, as I had 
 quite a number of communications needing consid- 
 eration by those better versed in Masonic rulings 
 than myself. Brother Saunders coincided with 
 this, and suggested that the finances of the ITa- 
 tional Grange should be looked after. We should, 
 by and by, be called upon to make a statement of 
 our receipts and expenditures, and ho wanted to see 
 that everything was all right. There was work 
 enough to do, and I issued notices calling a meet- 
 ing for July 13th. In that to Dr. Trimble I said: 
 
 "Doctor, what are any of you really doing to help build up 
 tlie Order ? Simply nothing. By and by, when it shall be a 
 power in the land, then you will all come forward with a 
 flourish of trumpets, claiming honors which not one will justly 
 be entitled to. Let me assure you that I have been fortunate in 
 enlisting men West and South in the Order, who are working 
 like ' trojans,' and they will sooner or later find out how little 
 we are entitled to." 
 
 The ^Hitlle country papers" in those towns Avhere 
 Subordinate Granges had been organized, were 
 doing a great work in building up the Order. 
 Some of them were opposed to us, to be sure, but 
 
Success Finally Assured. jjy 
 
 all Avere advertising tlie Order. Where those papers 
 found readers, the people were learning of our 
 existence as an organization. Some of the editors 
 of agricultural papers were now writing us to 
 learn more about the Order. Probably the great 
 majority never exercised so much caution about 
 taking hold of any movement, as they did this, and 
 their reasons were all of the same character. When 
 we opened our Washington office, the correspond- 
 ents of metropolitan papers inquired, "How did 
 you build up so large an organization, and this 
 being the first we have heard of it V Simply by 
 commencing among the people. 
 
 On July 4th, the First Gkange in Vermont was 
 organized by Jonathan Lawrence, with the follow- 
 inff-named Charter members: 
 
 Geeen Mountain Grange, oSTo. 1. 
 
 Jonathan Lawrence, J. P. Lorton, 
 
 E. L. HovEY, F. T. PoAVKRS, 
 L. C. Farnhaji, C. Sargant, 
 
 F. E. KiCHARDSON, Joseph Don, 
 II. Paddoch, E. E. IIoa'ey, 
 
 E. II. HovEY, A. F. Lawrexce, 
 
 Lydia J. Don, P. B. Powers, 
 
 Laura Lawrence. 
 
 It was very agreeable to read the following from 
 Oregon : 
 
jjS Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 East Portland, Oregon, July 2(i, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet, Washington, D. C: 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 Having seen numerous notices in the newspapers, rel- 
 ative to the new Agricultural Order, and having long entertained 
 a favorable opinion of a move of that kind, I address you for 
 further information, with a view of organizing a society here. 
 Yours, etc., a farmer, "VV. J. Campbell. 
 
 A glorious Fourth of July gave an impetus to 
 the work in Iowa. 
 
 Troni General "Wilson: 
 
 July 5t7i, 1871. 
 Dear Kellet : 
 
 I feel so good over the Fourth of July demonstration of 
 
 the Patrons (yesterday) in Dallas Count}', I hardly know what 
 
 to write you. There were three other points in that county 
 
 where there were celebrations, but I am satisfied ours was the 
 
 best and largest number in attendance. We had by count over 
 
 3,200, but, of course, not all Patrons. Everything went off 
 
 well, and the day will long be remembered. 
 
 Yours, "W. D. "W. 
 
 From "William II. Baxter : 
 
 San Francisco, Cal., July lih, 1871. 
 0. H. Kellet, — Dear Sir : 
 
 In the Odd Fellows' organ of the State of California, the 
 '^ New Age," of May 20th, 1871, I saw an article copied, or 
 extracts taken from the Ottawa (111. ) Press, entitled Patrons of 
 Husbandry, which is just the thing. I had been studying and 
 talking over it a long time, being interested as a farmer. The 
 article alluded to, gives your address as the proper person to 
 apply to for all needful information on the subject, and if not 
 
W. H. BAXTER. 
 
Success Finally Assmvd. jjp 
 
 asking too much, will you have the kindness to give mc "what 
 information you can, and, if you have any, a printed copy of 
 your Constitution and By-Laws, which will enable me to under- 
 stand more clearly and completely the manner of instituting au 
 association of this kind, with its worlt, etc.? I had so far 
 matured my plans as to have drawn up the preliminary papers, 
 embodying my ovrn ideas in regard to the matter, setting forth 
 the objects and ends to be attained by the formation of such a 
 society, when I saw this notice, and now address you for the 
 purpose as before stated. Hoping to hear from you soon, I 
 remain your obedient servant, W. H. Baxter. 
 
 From I. II. Painter: 
 
 Alma, Harlan Co., Neb., Juli/ lih, 1871. 
 O. H. Kbllet, — Dear Sir : 
 
 * * * I most respectfully desire information in 
 relation to the National Orange. Our citizens are anxious to 
 unite with anything almost that will encourage Agriculture. 
 Settlers from all parts of the United States, and many from 
 Europe, are coming into our settlement. * * * 
 
 Yours, etc., I. II. Painter. 
 
 Illinois takes tlie field again: 
 
 Sterling, III., July lltt, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear BROTnEii: 
 
 Please find enclosed a P. O. Order for thirty dollars, less 
 exchange. The fees are for Guilford Hope Grange, Winnebago, 
 County, (P. O., Rockford) ; and for Rock River Grange, White- 
 sides County, (P. O., Rock Falls). It is very difficulty to organ- 
 ize just at this time, on account of the hurry in farm labors. I 
 organized in both cases with less than the regular number, but 
 thought it better to do that than not to organize at all. I have 
 
j^o Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 not thus far covered expenses. I -will try it a -while longer in 
 hope that I will get enough Granges in the State to enable them 
 to organize a State Grange. J. Wilkinson. 
 
 From the Record I copy as follows : 
 
 Regular Meeting of Executive Committee, Thurs- 
 day Evening, July 13th, 1871. 
 
 Present at Secretary's office, Brothers Saunders, 
 J. R. Thompson, Grosh, and Kelley. 
 
 The improved secret work of the Order, submitted 
 by Brother T. A. Thompson, Master of the State 
 Grange of Miimesota, was read and approved. It 
 was agreed that the Committee will strongly recom- 
 mend the National Grange to adopt the same, and 
 in the meantime we desire Subordinate Granges 
 working under State Charters, to thoroughly test 
 the work. 
 
 The following resolutions were adopted: 
 
 1. The Secretary of the Kational Grange is hereby authorized 
 to provide and furnish a room for the use of the National Grange, 
 the same to be used by him as an office for the general business 
 of the Order, the reception of visitors, and the meetings of 
 the Executive Committee, and he shall be allowed twenty-five 
 dollars per month to pay rent for the same. 
 
 2. The business of the Order demanding, the Executive Com- 
 mittee shall meet at its room on the second Thursday of each 
 month, commencing with the 13th of July, (this meeting), and 
 complete records of its meetings shall be kept by the Secretary. 
 
 3. The Secretary shall preserve extracts from all transient 
 papers received relative to the Order, and keep on file regular 
 papers as part of the library of the National Grange. The papers 
 and room to be accessible to members of the Order at all times. 
 
Success Finally Assured. j^i 
 
 After discussing certain matters which were order- 
 ed not to be recorded, the Committee adjourned. 
 
 O. II. Iv., Secretary. 
 
 The next day I communicated to Brother T. A. 
 Thompson the information relative to the secret 
 Avork, and suggested that he go to the September 
 meeting of Iowa State Grange, and there exemplify 
 the work. 
 
 On the 14th of September the State Grange of 
 Iowa held a meeting at Cedar Eapids. Brother T. 
 A. Thompson, Master of State Grange of Minnesota, 
 visited them at my suggestion, and this, by the way, 
 is the first State Master's visit on record. I had 
 sugsrested this to enable the Subordinate Masters to 
 attain the new secret work. He wrote in full rela- 
 tive to this meeting, and closed by saying: 
 
 "Not a ■word of fault, or jar occurred. They have good men. 
 The Order is in good hands ; many new Granges will be organ- 
 ized this fall in Iowa. The}' paid all ray expenses, and I am sat- 
 isfied abundantly, and they said all and more than I could have 
 asked in passing resolutions." 
 
 That session started the Order in Iowa on a good 
 basis, and the results were soon after visible in my 
 ofiice. 
 
 Brother J. R. Thompson left the city for a few 
 weeks' sojourn among "ye Granges" of Vermont, 
 and I ventured to anticipate several new Granges 
 
2^2 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 through his influence in that State, but was disap- 
 pointed. "With the exception of Bro. Curtiss, none 
 of my associates here ever organized a Grange. 
 
 Brother Lawrence wrote me from St. Johnsbury, 
 Vermont, September 25th, 1871 : 
 
 II * # « -yye expected instruction from Brother Thomp- 
 son in reference to the Ritual, but he said you could and would 
 give us more information than he could, when you came.'' 
 
 The following was from I. H. Painter 
 
 TY, Harlan Coun 
 September 2oth, 1871, 
 
 Alma City, Harlan County, Neb., ) 
 
 O. H. Kblley, — Dear Sir : 
 
 Upon a thorough examination of the papers you sent me, 
 I am fully of the opinion the project is just such an one as I have 
 often desired should exist. A little incident occurred some time 
 ago that illustrated the importance of an organization of Husband- 
 men, and put me to thinking over the subject with some serious- 
 ness. I was sitting in an office of a man of wealth and influence, 
 and a large land holder. Several farmers were present conversing 
 with him. My attention was called to the conversation by one of 
 the farmers asking him if he was not going to build a fine house 
 on a certain farm he named, and he replied : ' ' No, I shall locate 
 my family in some city, where they can have the beneflt of some 
 society." His family has been residing in France for some time, 
 and well educated. * « * j said : "Look at what 
 an amount of good you can accomplish by erecting a suitable 
 mansion, supplying it with a library and all useful appliances, for 
 the improvement of the mind. • « * What an im- 
 petus could be given to the whole neighborhood for improvement 
 menUilly, morally and physically. Your wife and daughter 
 
Success Finally Assured. 34.^ 
 
 would elevate in tone and character all their associates, and soon 
 ■would have refined society. The satisfaction it would afford in 
 being instrumental in accomplishing this good work would be 
 ample compensation." This little conversation gave rae many- 
 hours reflection. Whois to commence this good work? On seeing 
 your prospectus in a Virginia paper, I immediately wrote you for 
 information, and I hope to see great and glorious results arise. * 
 * * Yours, etc., I. H. Painter. 
 
 "With October Miss Hall had sent out to each Sub- 
 ordinate Grange for some information relative to 
 crops, machines, etc., and the replies received gave 
 us much useful information and very many valuable 
 suggestions. 
 
 The reducing of fees for Deputies, as well as mem- 
 bership fees and dues to the Iv'ational and State 
 Granges, was receiving considerable attention in let- 
 ters from our regular correspondents. "\Ve sent 
 word to all General Deputies and Masters of State 
 Granges that amendments to the Constitution would 
 be proposed in January. 
 
 Brother Corbett wrote me October 6th, relative 
 to the establishment of a general Grange Agency in 
 Chicago, and this feature was beginning, with plans 
 for co-operative stores, to attract much attention. 
 j\Iy experience up to this present time of writing, 
 prompts me to wish I never had been intimate!}- ac- 
 quainted with one concern in that peculiar "arm 
 of the Order," and if those who have been losers 
 
j^/ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 through my endorsement will forgive my exuber- 
 ance of- confidence, knowing mj' own personal posi- 
 tion, they never will be misled by me in that respect 
 again. I have been by far the largest loser. 
 
 Several gentlemen were taking quite an active in- 
 terest in the Order, in different parts of Mississippi. 
 Col. R. D. Powell, Capt. W. L. Williams, and Dr. 
 U. Fowler, were very regular correspondents. Octo- 
 ber 7th, Brother Williams wrote : 
 
 "I am receiving a great many letters of inquiry, and think a 
 good many Granges will be organized this fall. I have every- 
 thing published concerning the institution that I can get hold of. 
 AVe had a jolly time at our last meeting (festival) ; nearly all our 
 members who were present exhibited something from their 
 farms." 
 
 To turn in another direction, here is a letter from 
 
 BuooKS, Maine, October 15JA, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Sir : 
 
 * * * You will confer a favor by sending me 
 full information regarding manner of organizing Granges. I 
 have an idea that the thing will take well here, and doubtless do 
 much good. * * # Allow me to wish you the broad- 
 est success in your noble endeavors. 
 
 Respectfully yours, J. W. Lang. 
 
 The same date I received a letter from Brother 
 A. B. Smedley, of Cresco, Iowa: "I enclose 
 papers and money for Charter and books for Lime 
 Springs." He also gave a glowing account of his 
 
Success Finally Assured. j^5 
 
 own Grange. TVe were not favored with many 
 fault-finding letters; hence, with the tide of pros- 
 perity now turned in our favor, we, at least, were 
 in very good humor. 
 
 ISText came a letter from the present Master of 
 Louisiana State Grange, H. W. L. Lewis, dated 
 
 OsYKA, Miss., July \Qth, 1871. 
 O. n. Kellet,— Dear Sir : 
 
 I see frequent mention of the "Patrons of Husbandry," 
 as an organization of farmers for mutual benefit, etc. I wish to 
 know the advantages of the Order, if any, and if satisfactory, to 
 introduce it in my section. I refer you to * * * I ap- 
 ply for such information as you may think proper to communicate, 
 my sole object being to benefit my farming friends. I can give 
 your further reference, if desired, 
 
 I am very respectfully yours, 11. W. L. Lewis. 
 
 From Brother Baxter : 
 
 San FeA-NCisco, Cal., July 25<7j, 1871. 
 0. H. Kellet, — Dear Sir : 
 
 On the 22d I received from you two papers— the Monthly 
 Report of the Department of Agriculture and circulars enclosed, 
 —on which I discovered the name of A. A. Bayley, of Pilot Hill, 
 Cahfornia, as one of the General Deputies, to whom I immedi- 
 ately addressed a communication for further Information. * 
 
 * * This morning I received two packages of papers and 
 circulars, and your communication, with blanks, etc., for which 
 accept my sincere thanks. I am exceedingly glad to know that 
 such an organization is existing, and has made such progress. * 
 
 * * I am an Odd Fellow, and familiar with its work ; 
 have been one for twenty-five years, and anticipate no trouble 
 
24^6 Patrons of Hiisbandry. 
 
 there ; and if I can be constituted a Deputy, I shall be glad to 
 assume the responsibilit}', and will go to work with a will. I 
 have extended my letter to an unusual length for a business com- 
 niunicalion, but in accordance with your request to write fully 
 and fretly, (the object of which is, no doubt, to get my views, 
 that I take pleasure in giving, as well as I can, at this time). I 
 shall immediately read up the material sent me, and take the 
 necessary steps to go to work as soon as I am clothed with proper 
 authority for so doing. * * * 
 
 Your obedient servant, W. H. Baxter. 
 
 Jul}' gave us but six new Granges, in five differ- 
 ent States, and the new correspondents foretold 
 plainly that more prosperous days were coming. 
 
 August, 1871, was the last dull month in our early 
 history. During these four weeks, Ave once more 
 touched hard pan. "We organized but five new 
 Granges. 
 
 Here is a good place to stop and take a square 
 look at the surroundings. In the several States 
 where the Order was fairlj- started, there were men 
 in constant correspondence with me, whose letters 
 indicated that they had taken hold of the work in 
 real earnest. The time had come with their people 
 ■\\-hen organization and action was their salvation. 
 Among the many letters I am now perusing, written 
 in those days, I find the names of those worthy of 
 record as the men who were laying (he fouvdad'on ot 
 this mighty As.sociation. When I call to mind tlio 
 
Success Finally Assured. j^/ 
 
 tlirec or four who occasionally met at my office for 
 a couple of lioui'S in an evening, to consider the 
 questions submitted to us as an " Executive Com- 
 mittee," I confess I cannot help laughing. Of 
 course, comparisons are odious, and truths are some- 
 times unpleasant. Under the circumstances, I will 
 continue extracts from letters, and find an appropri- 
 ate place for the names of the real workers at the 
 close of the book. I had already commenced writ- 
 ing to some of the leading ones relative to our An- 
 nual Meeting in January. 
 
 T. A. Thompson wrote in reply : 
 
 Plainvie-w, Minn., August tth, 1871. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 * * * I think you liad better give up the idea of 
 
 my going to Washington next January. I don't want a dollar 
 
 to come out of the fund, -which I know is all needed to defray 
 
 present expenses. You will not be overburdened with funds for 
 
 some time yet. Our State can't send me, and I can't go at my 
 
 own expense ; so I think we had not better contemplate my 
 
 attendance. The Order will grow and extend before another 
 
 January, and then it will be all right. T. A. T. 
 
 Kentucky next unfurls the banner, and I record 
 Pioneer Grange, jSTo. 1, organized by E. S. Reeves, 
 August 10th, 1871, with the following: 
 W. W. Gill, R. W. Grimes, 
 
 J. R. "WixsTOK, R. Bro^\'der, 
 
 T. E. Browder, D. G. V.'iston, 
 
j^5 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 B. Winston, W. B. Browder, 
 
 D. B. HucKiNGS, liliss Agnes Wiston, 
 
 E. Reeves, Mrs. E. A. Wiston, 
 W. S. Gill, Miss L. T. Wiston, 
 W. B. Hughes, Mrs. II. O. Wiston, 
 J. r. Gill, Miss. J. B. Hughes, 
 N. L. Turner, Miss M. G. Hughes, 
 J. J. ViCK, Miss M. B. Hughes, 
 J. P. Vicic, Mrs. E. F. Turner, 
 G. K. Gill, Mrs. J. E. Beeves, 
 
 E. W. Hughes, Miss Helen Browder. 
 
 Executive Committee Meeting, August 10th, 1871. 
 
 Present, Brothers Saunders, Thompson and Kel- 
 ley. Brother Grosh absent on account of severe 
 trouble with his ej'es. 
 
 Tlie matter of the appointment of Deputies was 
 brouglit up and considered, but no change agreed 
 upon. 
 
 A form for Dimit and Traveling Cards was sug- 
 gested by a letter from Brother T. A. Thompson, 
 also in one from General Wilson, and Brother J. E.. 
 Thompson was appointed to provide a form for the 
 same. 
 
 It was suggested by Brother Saunders, that at our 
 next meeting we would examine the financial state- 
 ment. 
 
 Several communications from Deputies and Sub- 
 ordinate Granges were presented, but, for want of 
 time, were laid over until the next mectintr. 
 
 0. II. K., Secretary. 
 
Success Finally Asszired. 249 
 
 "We "founders" may as well take a quiet smile right 
 here, for I record a good joke on our heavy resolu- 
 tions, by saying that the next regular meeting of 
 this "Executive Committee" was held _;'^^s< one year 
 after, on the 9th of August, 1872! 
 
 October 12th, we sent W. L. Williams his com- 
 mission as a General Deputy for Mississippi. In 
 his reply he wrote: "We would be delighted to see 
 you among us, to give us more light on the subject; 
 nothing else is needed in the South." 
 
 Another letter from Ohio, October 21st: "We 
 have learned, through the Oldo Farmer, that there 
 is a l^ational Association of Farmers, called Granges. 
 I think it just the thing needed." Thus they came — 
 ten, twenty, thirty, forty, sometimes fifty letters a 
 day. Occasionally, a humorous one like the follow- 
 
 PiLOT Hill, Cal., OctoUr 22d, 1871. 
 O. H. Kellet : 
 
 Dear Sir and Brother : 
 
 It is painfully evident to my mind, that so long as 
 
 the Patrons of Husbandry remain under my administration, 
 
 success will never be attained. " The prayers of the wicked 
 
 availeth not," is very applicable to my efforts. " Discouraged " 
 
 would hardly convey my real feelings. Had I that unblushing 
 
 modesty, often found in men who wander from place to place in 
 
 the interest of some concern, determined to accomplish their 
 
 most sanguine hopes, then I might reasonably expect to be 
 
 awarded the merit deserved ; but not being so favored, I can 
 
j^o Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 only make known my inabilit)'. * » # jt requires 
 
 someone to go ahead with the "sinli or swim" ever before 
 him, and say to every farmer, •' You must, you sliall, you can't 
 back out," and hang to him till he says "yes." It requires 
 one combined of all the traits of angel, man and devil, and then 
 possibly a few more Granges might have been added to the 
 Order in California before this. * ♦ * 
 
 Kow, Brother Kelley, you see my case is p, deplorable one. I 
 am sure you possess that magnanimous spirit to come to my 
 rescue, and relieve me of the title. I have done nothing. Com- 
 mission some one else who will make California respond to the 
 call of a hundred Granges. * * » 
 
 By the enclosed letter, you will see Mr. Baxter, of San Fran- 
 cisco, is anxious to enlist. Any one you appoint, I will cheer- 
 fully assist. I remain yours, A. A. Baylkt. 
 
 I had determined to do some active work this 
 winter, and on the 30th visited ISTew Jersey, and 
 met Brother G. W. Thompson; thence to Con- 
 necticut and Boston. I met Brother Noj'es, hut 
 did not succeed in enlisting enough to make up a 
 Grange. I next went up to Vermont and spent 
 tliree weeks, and back to Boston, where I again 
 spent a few days, meeting with Brothers Noyes and 
 K'eedliam. I returned to "Washington on the 15th 
 of December. 
 
 "We then sent out notices relative to the Annual 
 Meeting, urging all those entitled to membership by 
 election or appointment, to be present, on January 
 3d; if not possible, then each one to give views 
 
Success FinaUy Assured. j§i 
 
 upon the subjects enclosed, and let me represent 
 tLem as proxy. 
 
 During my absence, Miss Hall had received and 
 answered the letters, filled all orders, and done up 
 and sent twenty Dispensations and Grange pack- 
 ages. Our Dispensations then had the Charter 
 members' names written in full, requiring much 
 more time than by Dispensations now used. Our 
 facilities for doing the work were far inferior to 
 what they were a year after, and inconvenience 
 added to the labor. 
 
 Among the letters this month, was one from our 
 Oregon correspondent, in which he said: "Though 
 I have not made much progress in getting up a 
 Grange, I have not given up." 
 
 General Wilson wrote : 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, November 25i7t, 1871. 
 My Dear Kellby : 
 
 You are doing a good work in New England, and the 
 publication of your letters in the West is doing good. I am 
 receiving letters from manufacturers of Agricultural machinery, 
 offering implements from twenty to fifty per cent, below the 
 retail price. We can save by co-operation, from three to five 
 per cent, on wheat sales, and half a cent per pound on pork. 
 Can we not make a contract to sell smoked and barrelled meats 
 to the Granges in the East ? I will at once see the Superintend- 
 ent of one of our roads about shipments of corn and flour direct, 
 and advise any one whose address you give me in regard to the 
 matter. * * * Wm. Duane Wilson. 
 
S5^ Pati-ons of Husbandly. 
 
 The following from the Master of the State 
 Grange of Iowa, Dudley W. Adams, was in some 
 respects one of the best letters that ever came to our 
 office. In my own family, we considered the Order 
 as fairly in motion, and looked forward with much 
 pleasure to the time of his arrival. 
 
 Waukon, Iowa, Novemher Tlili, 1871. 
 Brothek Kellet : 
 
 * * * I would like to have the meeting of the 
 National Grange come on the first week in January, as at that 
 time I shall be able to be there ; but the next two weeks after- 
 wards it will be necessary for me to be in my own State. 
 
 It is absolute that there should be a regular meeting of the 
 National Grange, and that there should be some attendance of 
 members, for there is getting to be a feeling, rapidly growing 
 stronger, that that institution is a myth, and there must be a 
 meeting, and a full and fair exhibit of the work of the last year. 
 * * * No report has ever been made public, and there 
 is no means of knowing what is ever done with the money sent 
 so freely to the National Grange. As a brother who has the 
 organization at heart, I urge the absolute necessity of this 
 course, as no other can maintain the confidence of the people, 
 and no other should. 
 
 My State Grange instructed me to go to Washington, to 
 attend the next meeting, and I agreed to do so. * * * 
 Yours fraternally, D. W. Adams. 
 
 There was one objection to publishmg any official 
 statement, which was this : We had published the 
 Order so long as a great and growing institution, 
 the new members supposed we had an "immense 
 
Success Finally Assjtjrd. jjj 
 
 amount of money," as well as a large paying mem- 
 bership; at this time, to expose our weakness, 
 would have been the height of folly. But now, 
 that we have succeeded, we can take a degree of 
 pride in showing on what a small capital we were 
 at that time running. The whole support of the 
 National branch depended upon our daily receipts, 
 as will be shown in my statement in this book. 
 
 Every one who wrote us expected a cheering 
 answer; every application for a new Grange was 
 supposed to be a companion to twenty others, and 
 there could be nothing more discouraging than to 
 write a Deputy he had sent the only application 
 received for the past week. T. A. Thompson wrote 
 me in one of his letters, that he noticed the last 
 Grange he organized was the number following his 
 previous one, and said: "I am surprised at this, 
 for I thought there were more Deputies at work, 
 and more Granges being organized." It discour- 
 aged him. In regard to a full attendance at our 
 Annual Meeting, none desired it more than my- 
 self, with the exception of my own family. No one 
 else here was at all anxious to have any come in 
 those days, but the fact that I sent invitations each 
 time, is shown by the answers received. I was 
 working to make the National Grange a reality, 
 and accomplished that object a year later. 
 23 
 
j5^ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 December. 
 From TV. L. 'Williams: 
 
 EiENZi, Miss., December itJi, 1871. 
 Brother KELiiET: 
 
 I am doing now everything I can to wake up the South- 
 em people to their interest. Am just informed by a friend 
 at Jaclison that some Agricultural journal in Tennessee had 
 published an article to the effect that money had been sent to 
 Washington, and had never been heard from. I have sent for 
 a copy of the number containing the article, which 1 will answer 
 as soon as I can hear from you. 
 
 Our people are dreadfully afraid of humbugs, and such arti- 
 cles as mentioned above, make them very suspicious. We need 
 light here on the subject, and I, being a new member, am not 
 sufficiently posted. I asked Brother Saunders to give me a lec- 
 ture on the subject, setting forth explicitly and at length the 
 objects and main features of the Order, but he does not reply. 
 If I had such, I know I could lay the matter before the people 
 in a better light. Can you not succeed in getting it for me ? * 
 * * * Yours respectfully, W. L. Williams. 
 
 Ellis Sergeant, of Carthage, Jasper County, Mis- 
 souri, wrote December 5tli, that he had received 
 Constitutions and circulars, and was anxious to 
 establish the Order in his county. 
 
 Colonel Powell, of Columbus, Mississippi, re- 
 ported Aberdeen Grange as organized on the 15th, 
 and Colonel Jacques wrote me from 
 
 Charleston, December 21si, 1871. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 I desire to nominate for a Special Deputy, with authority 
 
 to work in any part of South Carolina, Colonel D. Wyatt Aiken, 
 
Success Finally Assured. jjj 
 
 of Cokesbury, Abbeville County. Colonel Aiken is a good 
 writer and speaker, as well as an excellent practical planter, and 
 stands at the head of the progressive new school Agriculturisls 
 of the State. He is Secretary and Treasurer of the State Agri- 
 cultural Society, and no man among us exercises a greater influ- 
 ence. He is a good man and true, and has expressed to me a 
 willingness to work for the Order, as opportunity may permit. * 
 * * * Fraternally yours, D. H. Jacques. 
 
 Colonel Powell wrote : 
 
 Columbus, Miss., December 21th, 1871. 
 * * * I am fully satisfied in my mind that this 
 movement is the only thing to save the South, and bring us 
 together in friendship and love. May God help us on in this 
 good work ! I am about seventy -five years old, and can do but 
 little, but am a " Patron of Husbandry " while life lasts. 
 
 Yours fraternally, R. D. Powell. 
 
 December 26th, we issued the First Dispensation 
 FOR Neav Jersey, being for Homestead Grange, 
 organized by myself with the fcllowing-naiued 
 members : 
 
 G. "W. Thompson, Ellinor Pennyea, 
 
 Sakah Thompson, Eev. C. Wilson, 
 
 Edward Thompson, Mrs. E. Wilson, 
 
 Cath'e W. Thompson, Zenal Henderson, 
 
 Samuel R. Thompson, H. A. Kelsay, 
 
 Mortimer Whitehead, El. Gite, 
 
 Mary Whitehead, Dr. Geo. R. Drew, 
 
 J. II. Pennyea, Wm. Russlow, 
 
 Sarah Thompson, F. Bekoit. 
 
j^6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 In correspondence with parties, it was our custom 
 to solicit the Post Office address of any persons 
 they desired us to send circulars to, and in this way 
 we were enabled to scatter our tracts and other 
 printed matter to advantage. I then and now be- 
 lieve in advertising. 
 
 The year closed with the following from Brother 
 
 Allen: 
 
 Allenton, Mo., December 23d, 1871. 
 Dear Brother Kelley : 
 
 Your welcome favor of 15th instant received. It will not 
 be possible for me to get to Washington to the National Grange. 
 Of course you have authority to represent us, and many thanks 
 for so doing. So far, it has seemed up hill business to get the 
 Order started in our State. You may think -we have not tried 
 much. Well, this is too true in some respects ; but I think 
 Brother Muir and myself have done about all we could under 
 the circumstances, and we still hope the fruit will yet appear. * 
 * * * Yours fraternally, T. K. Allen. 
 
 Taking all things into consideration, the close of 
 this year was rather cheerful. "We counted one 
 hundred and twenty-three new Granges paid for, 
 against thirty-eight for the year previous, and a 
 much improved force of Deputies at work. The 
 following is the amount of monies received for the 
 year: 
 
3oU 
 
 T. R. ALLEN. 
 
Success Finally Asstired. J^J 
 
 Eeceipts of 1871. 
 
 January Fees for five Dispensations ® $1.3 00 $ "5 00 
 
 *Cash advanced by O. H. K Ki 0,5 
 
 February Fees for fifteen Bispensations 225 00 
 
 " one " 10 00 
 
 Deputy's documents (sold to Deputy) 4 20 
 
 Cash borrowed of Thomas B. Bryan 184 00 
 
 March Fees for thirteen Dispensations vjj 00 
 
 Balance for one in February 5 00 
 
 Deputy's documents 5 00 
 
 State dues from Stockton, Tennessee 1 25 
 
 Manuals sold 3 25 
 
 April Fees for six Dispensations 90 00 
 
 Manuals sold 7 20 
 
 May Fees for sixteen Dispensations 240 00 
 
 Manuals and songs 12 40 
 
 Deputy's documents 5 00 
 
 June Fees for twelve Dispensations ISO 00 
 
 Manuals sold 60 
 
 July Fees for six Dispensations 90 00 
 
 Manuals sold 2 50 
 
 August Fees for five Dispensations 75 00 
 
 Deputy's documents 5 00 
 
 September.-.Fees for five Dispensations 75 00 
 
 " two " @ $14 90 29 80 
 
 D. S. Curtiss— cash returned 10 00 
 
 October Fees for ten Dispensations 150 00 
 
 From W. Saunders (Fee of Stockton Grange, Tenn.) 15 00 
 
 November.. .Fees for fourteen Dispensations 210 00 
 
 December.... Fees for eleven Dispensations 165 00 
 
 " one " 14 75 
 
 " one " 13 00 
 
 Manuals sold 3 00 
 
 Deputy's fees received by O. H. K., while organiz- 
 ing In New England 51 50 
 
 * I was under the necessity of obtaining a loan of $150 this mouth, 
 on private account. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 VICTORY THROUGH PERSEVERANCE. 
 
 (^*'EW-YEAR of 1872 opened gloriously with a 
 iN bright sun, and on the second day Brother 
 Dudley "W. Adams arrived to attend the Annual 
 Session, which was to convene on the third. 
 
 Answers to the letters of invitation had been re- 
 ceived from T. A. Thompson, Minnesota; W. "W. 
 Corbett, Illinois; T. E. Allen, Missouri; D. II. 
 Jacques, South Carolina; J. Brinton Smith, !N"orth 
 Carolina; Wm. Muir, Missouri; Sam. E. Adams, 
 Colonel D. A. Kobertson and Wm. Paist, Minne- 
 sota; E. D. Powell and "Wm. L. Williams, Missis- 
 sippi; I. J. Hoile, Wisconsin; H. D. Scott, Indiana; 
 Geo. D. Hinckley, New York, and Wm. Duane 
 Wilson, Iowa: regretting their inability to attend, 
 but giving suggestions for consideration. Brother 
 D. W. Adams spent his first day with us looking over 
 the records, and making himself familiar with our 
 office work. The next day we called upon Brother 
 Saunders, and in the afternoon commenced 
 
 353 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. jjji 
 
 The Annual Session of the ISTational Grange, 
 Washington, D. C, January 3d, 1872. 
 
 Present, Wm. Saunders, D. W. Adams, J. K. 
 Thompson, D. S. Curtiss, and 0. II. Kclley. 
 The Secretary presented the following report: 
 
 Woutht Mastek and Pateons : 
 
 Another year has gone, and again we meet to counsel for 
 the present and future. It is not wortli while to give a slietch of 
 Wv. many and great obstacles and hard labor tliat have thus far at- 
 tended the introduction of this Order, but a few items may be 
 acceptable. 
 
 In February, 1868, there was but one Subordinate Grange in 
 tile United States ; this I left in good working order in April of 
 thrtt year. On my return the following year, I reported ten Sub- 
 ordinates and one State Grange for the 3'ear's worli. In 1869, 
 there were organized thirty-nine Subordinates and one State 
 Grange. In 1870, there were organized thirty-eiglit Subordinates 
 anil one State Grange ; and in 1871, there have been one hundred 
 an I thirty Subordinates organized, though not all paid for. 
 
 "With this ratio of increase we may look for good results the 
 present j-ear. But this all requires work. To satisfy any person 
 of tlie amount of labor necessary to introduce such an organiza- 
 tion, let him start out before the public, a stranger, without means 
 or reputation, and with a plan of an organization never before 
 heard of, and try to get the people to rally to his standard. A 
 few months will be sufficient to convince you that begging the 
 encouragement of others, and even begging one's most intimate 
 associates to attend special meetings, is an up-hill business. But 
 ili^ Order is sure to succeed ! We already have Granges in thirteen 
 States, and clubs ready for Dispensations to be forwarded in four 
 others. The State Grange of Indiana will probably be organized 
 about the 20th of the present month, and about the same time the 
 State Grange of Illinois will be reorganized. By the first of Febru- 
 arj", the State Grange of Mississippi will be ready for organiza- 
 tion, and it is my intention of visiting all, and set them in 
 operation. We also have at this time a Deputy working in 
 Canada, where he anticipates success. 
 
j6o Patrons cf Husbandry. 
 
 I desire to offer a few suggestions relative to laws, viz : Where 
 Subordinate Granges fail to make quarterly reports, and paj'S dues 
 to cither State or National Granges within tliirty days after tlie 
 close of a quarter, and where State Granges are also delinquent, 
 they shall be cut off from all communication with the National 
 Grange, and be deprived of all benefits that may accrue, until 
 arrearages are paid. It may be well to withhold their Charters. 
 All the fees from Dispensations, as yet, have not been sufficient to 
 defray the expenses of introducing the Order, and as it grows the 
 expenses will increase ; hence, we must collect the dues, that we 
 may lay by something for a reserved fund. It is necessary that 
 we compile a code of laws for the National Grange. Several 
 propositions for amendments to the Constitution have been made, 
 and I have corresponded with all those who, as General Deputies 
 and Masters of State Granges, are entitled to voice and vote in 
 this body, but the general opinion is that the Constitution should 
 not be tampered with. Make few alterations, and rely on consti- 
 tutional law to meet cases continually arising, until the Order 
 gets some stability. 
 
 In examining the work that has been done by Subordinate 
 Granges, we find that many of them have reaped large benefits in 
 their dealings ; in many cases the members receiving discounts 
 in a single season, amounting to ten or even twenty times the cost 
 of membership, while equally as large benefits are attiiinable in 
 the future. This pecuniary benefit is a consideration in joining 
 the Order, and should be one inducement to promptness in the 
 payment of dues. 
 
 Until the present time, the growth of the Order has been slow, 
 for the want of funds and plenty of good Deputies. Some of the 
 oldest Granges have become dormant, because the members had 
 tired of waiting to derive the promised advantages, but they will 
 revive, now that the Order is increasing in other States, and they 
 see an opportunity to co-operate. 
 
 A system of semi-monthlj' reports, relative to crops, stock, and 
 prices, should be established, which can be made of great value 
 to lach Granrre as soon as they all become prompt in making 
 reports ; but I re.; ret to say, there has been such a lack of atten- 
 ( ion to circulars already sent out, I have had no inducement to 
 encourage tins work. 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. j6j 
 
 The educational and social features of our Order offer induce- 
 ment to some to join, but the majority desire pecuniar}' bencfils 
 — advantages in purchase of machinery, and sales of produce. 
 To bring all the Granges into direct communication, and to 
 devise a ej'Stem of co-operation, devolves upon the National 
 Grange. But until its membership is mucli increased, we must 
 ■wait patiently the appearance of our new Moses, who is to pre- 
 sent the coveted plan. 
 
 There is one important matter in which Deputies are interested, 
 viz : Shall the Secretary of the Kalional Grange furnish Depu- 
 ties with Rituals and material free of cost? In the State of Iowa, 
 Deputies receive their traveling expenses and five dollars for ser- 
 vices. The pay is hardly an inducement for any man to give his 
 attention to the work, and it seems to be out of place to require 
 them to buy their books. They have the advantage, however, of 
 the rapid growth of the Order in that State, and its popularity to 
 assist them ; while General and Special Deputies of the National 
 Grange are required to go into localities where the Order is un- 
 known, and commence to build at the foundation. I suggest to 
 you that all Deputies be supplied with Rituals as well as blanks, at 
 the expense of the National Grange, but only those Deputies who 
 will agree to work shall receive them. Regalia and jewels they 
 will of course provide at their own expense. 
 
 In regard to Rituals and Song books, and in fact all blanks 
 needed by the National Grange, I wish to say, I can make 
 arrangements to furnish these to the National Grange as they may 
 be wanted hereafter, so that this branch of the Order will not 
 assume any responsibility for the publication. 
 
 This arrangement will prevent our incurring debts for printing 
 in that quarter, while we are young. It has been my aim not 
 to order at any time more copies of blanks or other matter, than 
 actual circumstances required, and it is a satisfaction for me to 
 say we have no waste material on hand. Nothing as yet has 
 "one into the waste basket, even of the first edition of our 
 Jlanual, which was as shabby as anything could be. The 
 edition of one thousand copies was all used. Of the second 
 edition but three copies remain, and of the third, every copy 
 will be disposed of before the fourth, will be received from the, 
 binder. 
 
J 62 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 As the office of Treasurer was made vacant by the resignation 
 of Brother Ireland, at our last session, I suggest the vacancy be 
 filled at this meeting, and to facilitate business, it is adAisable he 
 be a resident of this citj', so that our accounts may be squared at 
 least once a month, and it would be still better if this were done 
 weekly, and at the office of the Grange. 
 
 Semi-monthly meetings of the Executive Committee should 
 be held regularly, as the increase of business renders this neces- 
 sary. It may be advisable to allow them per diem for their 
 services. 
 
 At this s^sion we welcome the first new member of the 
 National Grange here by virtue of his office, as the Master of a 
 State Grange, Brother D. W. Adams, of Iowa. At our nest 
 session, let us hope at least half the States in our Union may 
 be represented. 
 
 In conclusion, we see what the Order is to-day. Its future 
 depends upon our action. Though we are few in numbers, we 
 can exert our influence. For my own part, having been left" by 
 you to labor as I have thought best, I might almost say "solitary 
 and alone," yet all will acknowledge my faith in the ultimate 
 success of the Order. If I have made mistakes at times, none of 
 them have been serious or irreparable. 
 
 O. H. Kellet, Secretary. 
 
 The Grange, after a general interchange of A'ieAvs, 
 commenced "\^'ork, and made the following laws: 
 
 Secret "WonK.— After a State Grange has chosen its perma- 
 nent officers, the Masters shaH be furnished with a copy of the 
 work, as it is in the ofRce of the National Grange. 
 
 Charters. — No Charters shall be issued to any Grange until 
 all arrears are paid. 
 
 Books to Deputies. — Where Deputies appointed by Masters 
 of State Granges are working, they may receive all necessary 
 documents from the National Grange at cost price. 
 
 Dues to the National Grange shall commence as soon as a 
 Gr.ango is organized, and dues to the State Grange as soon as the 
 State Grange is organized, and no Charter shall issue until such 
 dues arc paid. 
 
Victory Tlirov.gJi. Perseverance. j6j 
 
 QuARTEKS shall commence willi January, April, July and 
 C.'ctobcr of each year. 
 
 Amendment to the Constitution. — Due notice of si.K 
 months having been given, as required, and all entitled to 
 votes in the National Grange, not in attendance, having ex- 
 pressed their views relative to the proposed amendments, it was, 
 after some discussion, unanimously agreed to amend Section V, 
 Article 7, by striking out the following words : " Ten cents for 
 each degree conferred on males, five cents on each female, 
 during the quarter, and," so that the section shall read: The 
 Treasurer of each State Grange shall pay to the Treasurer of the 
 l\ational Grange, in quarterly instalments, the annual dues of 
 ten cents for each member in his State. 
 
 Organization of State Granges. — The first organization of 
 a State Grange shall be temporary. Not sooner than six months, 
 nor later than twelve months, they shall make a code of by-laws, 
 not in conflict with, the Constitution of the Order, on the adop- 
 tion of which, the organization shall become permanent, and 
 pLrmanent officers be elected. 
 
 The Treasurer, Brother Ireland, at the last session 
 of the Xational Gransre, havinir tendered his resiir- 
 nation, the office was declared vacant, and Brother 
 J. B. Thompson elected to fill it for the unexpired 
 term. This made a vacancy in the office of Lec- 
 turer, and Brother D. W. Adams was thereupon 
 elected Lecturer. 
 
 It was decided that it shall be the duty of the 
 Treasurer and Secretary to examine their accounts at 
 the office of the ITational Grange once each month, 
 and balance the same, so that the financial affiiirs 
 may be known at any time, and their books shall 
 be accessible to members of the National Grange. 
 
 At 10.30 P. AL, closed until 1 P. M., January 
 4thj at Brother Saunders' office. 
 
J (5^ Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 January 4th, 1872. 
 The National Grange opened with the following 
 persons present: Saunders, Adams, J. E. Thomp- 
 son, Grosh, and Kelley. The following resolution 
 was adopted: 
 
 By-Laws for Subordinate Granges. — Resolved, That the 
 Executive Committee prepare a simple form of By-Laws for the 
 use of Subordinate Granges, as a guide, and the same to he fur- 
 nished them when organized. 
 
 The Grange next passed the following laws : 
 
 General Deputies. — One General Deputy for each State may 
 be appointed by the Master of the National Grange. Such Dep- 
 uties to be admitted as members of the Council. 
 
 Delinquents. — Any Grange working under a Charter, that 
 shall fail to pay its dues to a State Grange for two quarters, and 
 within ten days after the same shall be due, shall be considered 
 suspended and debarred of communication with the State Grange, 
 and so reported to the National Grange, and if three quarters 
 without payment, its Charter shall be forfeited and that Grange 
 be struck from the books of both National and State Granges. 
 
 Limit of Time after Black-balling. — Any person who 
 may be black balled, may apply again at any subsequent meeting, 
 and be disposed of as an original applicant. 
 
 The following laws, introduced by Brother D. 
 "W. Adams, elicited considerable discussion, and 
 were passed: 
 
 Mileage. — Each State and Territorial Grange shall be entitled 
 to send one representative, who shall be a Master or Past Master 
 thereof, to all the meetings of the National Grange, and he shall 
 receive mileage at the rate of four cents per mile, both ways, 
 computed by the nearest practical route, to be paid as follows : 
 The Master and Secretary of the National Grange shall give such 
 representative an order for the amount on the Treasurer of the 
 State Grange which he represents, and this order shall be re- 
 
Victoiy Throiigli Perseverance. jSj 
 
 ceived by the National Grange in payment of dues ; Provided, 
 Tliat in no case shall such order be given for a sum greater than 
 the entire dues of the quarter during which said annual meeting 
 is held. This article shall not prohibit the attendance of addi- 
 tional members, without expense to the National Grange. This 
 law to go into effect at the next Annual Meeting of the National 
 Grange, in 1873. 
 
 The following decisions were then approved: 
 
 Officers of State Granges, at the first installation, must bo duly 
 installed by a General Deputy of the National Grange, before 
 they can enter upon their respective duties. 
 
 Dispensations granted to Subordinate Granges, on their organ- 
 ization, are considered as preliminary Charters. Granges work 
 under these until familiar with the Ritual, when they arc to 
 choose permanent officers by ballot. These must be installed 
 either by a Deputy, or a member of the State Grange. 
 
 Masters of Subordinate Granges, who may be temporarily 
 chosen at the organization, are, by courtesy, admitted to the 
 rank of Past-Masters when permanent officers are chosen ; after 
 which a Master must serve a full term to become a Past Master. 
 
 The Jewels for Subordinate Granges having been adopted, 
 each Master of a Subordinate Grange must wear the emblem of 
 his rank, when in attendance at a State Grange. 
 
 General Deputies at Large have authority to organize Subor- 
 dinate Granges, whenever the interests of the Order require it, 
 but in States having State Granges, they shall first obtain the 
 consent of the Master of the same. 
 
 Deputies appointed by the National Grange to organize Subor- 
 dinate Granges where no State Grange exists, shall be entitled to 
 membership in the State Grange when organized. 
 
 Masters of State Granges, as soon as the same shall be organ- 
 ized, shall immediately district the same, appointing a suitable 
 person as District Deputy in each district or county, for the 
 purpose of extending the Order and supervise the work of the 
 same. 
 
j66 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 Masters of State and Subordinate Granges may, with the con- 
 sent of their Granges, authorize Masters of the same grade, or 
 General Deputies, to represent them in National or State Granges, 
 ■when it is not possible for them to attend, and such proxies shall 
 vote for such Granges they represent. 
 
 Our session adjourned on the afternoon of the 4tli. 
 
 Brother Adams assured us the changes made in 
 our laws, at his suggestion, would double our mem- 
 bership in his State. I gave him a statement of the 
 finances, copied from my books, that he might show 
 it to interested parties, but not for publication. 
 The fact of no more members being present did not 
 discourage him. The communications from absen- 
 tees were satisfactory. There was no probability of 
 man}"- ever coming, if they had to travel at their 
 own expense. Either the State or National Grange 
 nmst pay the bills of those elected to look after 
 the interests of the Order, and this mileage law 
 would secure that. It was to me a groat satisfac- 
 tion to have Brother Adams see the work just as it 
 was, and the many obstacles Ave were struggling 
 with. 
 
 Our correspondents in Nebraska reported several 
 clubs ready for organization. As far back as 
 August 11th, a letter from E. H. Noxon, reported, 
 "We have eftected an organization, the first, I 
 think, in the State." But the first regular applica^ 
 tion, accompanied by the fee, was as follows: 
 
Victoiy Through Perscvcraitce. j6j 
 
 IIaklait County Grakge, No. 1, Nebraska — Organiztd 
 January 1st, 1872, hy I. H. Painter. 
 M. R. Miller, I. H. Painter, 
 
 A. C. RcBBiNS, Peter Lottderville, 
 
 George Gehlet, Mary Gould, 
 
 Thos. Sheffrey, Mrs. H. K. Painter, 
 
 James Richmond, Mrs. James Richmond, 
 
 Warren Fletcher, Wm. Gaslin, Jr., 
 Squire Gullett. 
 
 The second is recorded as Groveland, Number 2, 
 organized February 9th, by General Wilson ; E. II. 
 JSToxon, Master. 
 
 The honors of the first work in jSTebraska belong 
 to Brothers Painter and E. II. Noxon. During 
 February, General "Wilson visited that State, and 
 gave the members much encouragement. Among 
 my letters, I find one from a friend, who wrote 
 January 4th: 
 
 " The greatest danger I see now for the Patrons, is the putting 
 forward of a spirit to ignore experience, and run everything 
 without cost. This will prove a costly mistake. You must 
 have some experienced business men in every county for advi- 
 sers ; and you cannot keep up a secret society with cheap para- 
 phernalia ; don't attempt it. Have halls fitted up like parlors, 
 where our wives and daughters will enjoy a meeting. Spend 
 some money to excite curiosity, and thus increase your treasury." 
 
 E. Y. Sykes, of Aberdeen Grange, Mississippi, 
 wrote me, under date of January 4th, 1872- 
 
^68 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 I send you list of officers, as requested by Col. R. D. Powell, 
 Tvho lately organized us. * * * 1 think the " Patrons 
 of Husbandry " is the organization to build up the country, and 
 again make the desolate and waste places bloom and blossom as 
 before the dreadful scourge of war and desolation swept over 
 God's bright and sunny land. 
 
 From Corbett: 
 
 Chicago, January 8«A, 1878. 
 Deab Kellbt : 
 
 Yours of January 4th just here. You will see by last 
 
 week's Prairie Farmer, that the work for the Patrons has been 
 
 commenced. I will try and go to Dixon with you. 
 
 Yours in haste, W. W. Corbett. 
 
 Noticing a very good article, written by Brother 
 
 "W. E. Simmons, Jr., of Charleston, South Carolina, 
 
 I adopted it at once as Tract No. 2, and wrote him 
 
 accordingly, to which he replied : 
 
 Charleston, S. C, January lOth, 1873. 
 Dear Brother Kellet : 
 
 Yours of 7th instant is at band, and contents noted. Tou 
 can publish the article alluded to in any form you desire. I 
 shall feel more than repaid if my article advances the interests 
 of the Order. Yours fraternally, W. E. Simmons, Jr. 
 
 The First Subordinate Grange in Michigan 
 was organized by E. M. Jones, a Special Deputy, 
 January 10th, 1872, and known as 
 
 BuENSiDE Grange, No. 1. 
 
 Andrem' Brown, Nicholas Vandewalkee, 
 
 Robert Hillis, Chas. Cole, 
 
 David IIillis, N. A. Vandewalkee, 
 
Victory Tliroiigh Pcrscveratice. j(5p 
 
 P. Vandewalkek, Horace "Westovek, 
 
 Edward Best, Almon Hunson, 
 
 Jas. Anderson, "VV. H. Merrian, 
 
 John Mbrrian, John McIntosh, 
 
 Henry Turner, John Scott, 
 
 Wm. Houghton, Eeeecca Vandewalker, 
 
 Jackson McNara, Meranda McNara, 
 
 LoRiNA Hallis, Robt. Hillis, Sr., 
 
 Eunice Vandewalker, Norman Smith, 
 Mrs. a. Cole, Mrs. A. Brown, 
 
 Thomas Bradley, Henry Turner, 
 
 Mrs. M. Turner. 
 
 At Haydenville, Ohio, a correspondence resulted 
 in a Subordinate Grange. Two active men did a 
 good work in that vicinity, — Brothers W. Stiers 
 and V. C. Stiers. At this time, Robert McCaull, 
 E. J. Ohr, J. Wilkinson, J. C. Abbott, and several 
 others, were beginning to make their mark as effi- 
 cient Deputies in Iowa, and an unlooked-for interest 
 evinced itself in the vicinity of Carthage, Missouri, 
 where Ellis Sergeant and several others were taking 
 active interest. 
 
 Brother Williams, who had been appointed a 
 General Deputy at Rienzi, Mississippi, wrote Janu- 
 ary 16th: 
 
 " I am now appointing a Special Deputy in each county, 
 where I can find a suitable man. I send you an application 
 to-day from the extreme southern part of the State. Give me 
 2-4 
 
2^0 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 instructions relative to organizing State Grange. I send you a 
 copy of the Meld and Factory, edited by Major E. G. "Wall, a 
 member of our Grange." 
 
 Thus the fire was spreading in various directions, 
 not omitting Yermont, where Deputy Eben Thomp- 
 son was at work. 
 
 On the 29th of January, I issued Tract No. 3, 
 written by D, S. Curtiss. 
 
 The month of January closed with Jifiy-four new 
 Granges, and February commenced vigorously. 
 "We had now adopted the plan of putting the docu- 
 ments in tin cases, and it began to require some 
 labor to fill them and do up the packages, as well 
 as to attend to correspondence. My daughters 
 made themselves useful, when out of school, and 
 the whole family worked early and late. Up to 
 about this time we had carried our packages per- 
 sonally to the Express office, but this was becomirg 
 quite a task, being a distance of full two miles. 
 The Express wagon then commenced calling for 
 them twice a week; soon after, every other day, 
 until we moved our office to Georgetown, when it 
 made daily visits, and has continued so to do up to 
 the present time. During the past two years, it has 
 been no uncommon thing to have four Adams' 
 Express wagons at our office door at one time, day 
 after day. Our outgoing package business has 
 
:!7I 
 
 0. WYATT AIKEN. 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. jyi 
 
 been mucli larger than any other house in the city. 
 About the 10th of February, Colonel D. Wyatt 
 Aiken came to Washington, as a delegate from 
 South Carolina, to the Agricultural Convention, 
 called by invitation of Commissioner "Watts, of the 
 Department of Agriculture. From the fact of his 
 also having received the appointment as a Deputy 
 in our Order, he naturally wished to know some- 
 thing of the organization he was to represent in the 
 South. He first called upon Brother Saunders, but 
 failed to elicit much encouragement, and after a 
 two days' search, found our ofiice, not over san- 
 guine as to the popularity of our Order. Our first 
 interview, however, satisfied him that we were 
 establishing an organization to wield an immense 
 power, or else the Secretary was a fanatic on the 
 subject. He examined our books, looked over 
 some of our correspondence, and made himself 
 generally familiar with the work of a General 
 Deputy. He then attended Mr. "Watts' Conven- 
 tion, and finding that was to prove a failure, as far 
 as it was proposed to benefit the farmers, he made 
 a short emphatic speech, in which the Chairman 
 called him to order, as expressing himself in a 
 political vein. Brother Aiken, however, held the 
 floor until he had finished, closing with language 
 somewhat like this : 
 
J 7^ Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Mb. Chaiuman : — This is ostensibly an Agricultural Conven- 
 tion, but I have not heard the word Agriculture spoken since it 
 convened. We seem to be gathered here in the interest of Edu- 
 cation. The wants of the farmer appear to be ignored entirely. 
 THi will not be the case always, however, for there is kow 
 
 BPMNGING UP AMONGST THE FABMERB OP OUR COUNTRY AN 
 
 Organization that will teach them theik rights, and 
 KNOWING THEM THEY WILL DARE MAINTAIN THEM. 
 I mean the organization known as the Order of the Patrons of 
 Husbandry. 
 
 This was a prophecy. The entire speech was left 
 out of the published proceedings. Brothers Shank- 
 laud, and H. D. Emery (then of the Prairie Farmer,) 
 and J. R. Dodge, of the Department, were sitting 
 close by me. Mr. Dodge remarked, "Kelley, that's 
 a big advertisement for your Order." Those who 
 have heard the Colonel when he speaks in earnest, 
 must rest assured the little Convention heard what 
 he said! That afternoon, Brothers Aiken and 
 Shankland took dinner at our house. 
 
 Virginia came in with the First Grange at 
 Petersburg. This was made up by Israel Lippin- 
 cott, and organized by Brother D. S. Curtiss, on 
 February 16th. The Charter members were 
 
 Wm. B. Eaglet, G. W. Coxgdon, 
 
 E. O. C. Lynch, F. P. Cummtns, 
 
 J. E. Banks, F. St. J. Barrett, 
 
 Wm. B. Westbeook, J. C. Brown, 
 
 Thos. Banks, W. B, Etichie, 
 
Victory Throiigli Perseverance. 
 
 373 
 
 A. "W. Hawks, 
 E. L. Cummins, 
 Geo. E. LuNDrE, 
 
 J. LlPPINCOTT, 
 
 r. C. LippmcoTT, 
 A. Whitehead, 
 
 HlLAND BUSHMOEB, 
 
 Samuel Wood, 
 Samuel Jones, 
 E. Steeke, 
 
 M. LiPPINCOTT, 
 
 J. L. Boyd, 
 
 Mary E. Congdon,^ 
 
 J. C. Smith. 
 
 On the 21st of Tebruary, Brother E. P. Colton 
 
 wrote me from Irasburgh, Vermont: 
 
 It seems to me that we are left by the Deputy without a suffi- 
 cient knowledge of the Order to enable us to confer the cere- 
 mony upon others in an impressive and proper manner. Can 
 we have a key, or must we " go it blind ?" E. P. Colton. 
 
 We received, on the sixth of January', the applica- 
 tion for the First Subordinate Grange in Oregon, 
 with the following-named Charter members: 
 
 Marshpield Grange, No. 1, Oregon. 
 
 Daniel Talbert, 
 Egbert DeShafer, 
 Wm. W. Davis, 
 TV. J. Campbell, 
 J. O. T. Willis, 
 Charles Wade, 
 J. T. Chitwood, 
 Reuben Dannalls, Jr., 
 P. F. Davis, 
 E. D. Jones, 
 O. Ketcherside, 
 
 Philip Poster, 
 T. E. Batlin, ' 
 J. A. Talbert, 
 James Eoots, 
 J. B. Day, 
 P. L. Talbert, 
 James Bennett, 
 T. J. Matlock, 
 Jacob Mark, 
 R. P. Davis, 
 W. T. Linn, 
 
^^4- Patrons of Hiisbaitdiy. 
 
 Ueiah Dannalls, Willis McMahon, 
 
 Wm. Willmot, Wm. Parsons, 
 
 M. McMahon, H. E. Chambeelain, 
 
 Wm. W. Cook, "Wm. G. Welch. 
 
 We were receiving sufficient encouragement now, 
 and notices of the Order were being published in 
 all directions. It was the impression in my office, 
 and well sustained, that the ball was fairly in mo- 
 tion, and we did all in our power to keep it going. 
 
 February 20th, the State Grange of "Wisconsin 
 was to meet, but having arranged to organize three 
 State Granges, I could not reach them. 
 
 On the first of March, the State Grange of 
 Indiana was organized with John Weir, Master, 
 and T. Keene, Secretary. 
 
 I next went to Dixon, where, on the fifth day of 
 March, we reorganized the State Grange of Illinois. 
 The first organization had been declared null, owing 
 to the length of time that had expired, and nothing 
 done by the officers to advance the interests of the 
 Order in that State. Alonzo Golder was elected 
 Master, and 0. E. Fanning, Secretary. 
 
 In all of these State organizations we recognized 
 a Master of a Subordinate Grange entitled to full 
 membership of the State as soon as elected, even if 
 his Grange had not been organized twenty-four 
 hours. 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. J/J 
 
 At Dixon, I first met with J. C. Abbott, and 
 finding him an earnest advocate of the cause, and a 
 good speaker, suggested to him to travel on a salary 
 in the interests of the Order. I was anxious to 
 learn the best way to employ Deputies, so that at 
 our permanent organization, the National Grange 
 might have the benefit of my experience. It was 
 at Dixon that Brother Abbott made the first genu- 
 ine Grange speech I ever had the pleasure of listen- 
 ing to. 
 
 From Dixon I went to Rienzi, Mississippi, and 
 on the fifteenth of March had the pleasure of organ- 
 izing that State Grange, with Gen. A. J. Vaughan, 
 jNIaster, and "W. L. "Williams, Secretary. It rained 
 that night — a fearful rain — so that we did not ven- 
 ture to go to the hotel. I make a note of it for the 
 benefit of those who had friends at that meeting. 
 
 On March 15th, 1872, Dr. D. L. Phares organized 
 the First Subordinate Grange in Louisiana, with 
 these Charter members : 
 
 J. G. GAYDEN, J. H. PUAEES, 
 
 J. R. Jackson, I. M. Young, 
 
 J. I. Covert, B. J. Wedge, 
 
 W. T. Keenan, S. a. Hayden, 
 
 O. P. Laitgworthy, J. P. Monahan, 
 
 T. J. KoGERS, Miss Kate Merkick, 
 
 Mrs. Lula Jackson, Mrs. M. Hayden, 
 Mrs. M. F. Langwoethy. 
 
jy6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 The organizing of Subordinate Granges at pro- 
 miscuous meetings was becoming quite popular, 
 and it was no uncommon thing for a Deputy to 
 report fifty Charter members. I wrote one Deputy 
 as follows : " It is poor policy, and will be the death 
 of one-half the Granges, to make them as at pre- 
 sent, taking a promiscuous crowd at a public meet- 
 ing. It should be done by quietly making up the 
 requisite number. It may take longer, but if Dep- 
 uties are well paid for their services, there will be 
 no trouble." 
 
 February closed with eighty-two new Granges. 
 Those Avho were personally intimate with us at that 
 time, know this success was very refreshing. 
 
 During my absence on this trip, a circumstance 
 laappened that made a material change in some of 
 our arrangements. On leaving home, I owed our 
 printers about $490, on a bill -of $900. They had 
 mentioned the matter to Brother Saunders, and he, 
 evidently surprised that I was pushing business, 
 told them not to trust me any more, and informed 
 Miss Hall what he had said to the printers. This 
 was decidedly provoking, as our books show she 
 was paying the printers at the rate of $150 per 
 Avcek at that time. On my return home, March 
 IGth, there was but a balance of $89.51 due them, 
 and I closed the account at once without cercmouy. 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. J77 
 
 Miss Hall, on her own responsibility, had, in the 
 meantime, opened negotiations, at far more reason- 
 able prices, with J. A. Wagenseller, of Philadel- 
 phia, who has since done the great bulk of our 
 work. The change brought us in contact with 
 other parties, to our material benefit. 
 
 March was quite an improvement upon that 
 month a year previous. The letters from Kansas 
 and Nebraska predominated, and Joshua Ball ap- 
 peared to be the coming man in Kansas. The call 
 for tracts, or any reading matter that would dissem- 
 inate information regarding the Order, was loud 
 from all the States, and they were distributed 
 liberally. 
 
 My report of success. West and South, as well as 
 the increase of Granges, gave Brothers Trimble, 
 Saunders and J. R. Thompson much satisfaction. 
 The funds were getting plenty, which was a decided 
 relief to my mind. Of course, there was no trouble 
 now in getting any accommodation I might ask. 
 My landlord, who had been on the anxious seat a 
 few months previous, kindly reduced our house 
 rent when I suggested procuring more convenient 
 quarters. Several opportunities were presented 
 wherein I could invest any surplus on hand. But I 
 did not even nibble at any tempting bait. "We 
 could now adopt the cash system in all our dealings, 
 
jjS Patrons of Husbandry, 
 
 and carry out one of the great principles of our 
 Order. 
 
 It was interesting to notice the sentiments ex- 
 pressed by our numerous correspondents relative to 
 the work of our Order, and I copy from two let- 
 ters, as an example; the first is from General A. J. 
 Vaughan : 
 
 Early Grove, Miss., March 22d, 1872. 
 O. H. Kellet, — Dear Brother : 
 
 * * * It is my opinion this Order is the very 
 best plan that has been suggested since the war to bring about 
 that friendship which should exist in all parts of the United 
 States, and I can conceive of nothing which would so soon eradi- 
 cate sectional prejudices. I but reflect the feelings and senti- 
 ments of every true man in the South, when I state that it is our 
 wish and most earnest desire to meet in friendly relation the true 
 men from every State in the Union, and so soon as a like feeling 
 and sentiment is manifested all over the country, peace, friend- 
 ship and harmony will prevail. * « # 
 
 Tours truly, A. J. Vaughan. 
 
 The second is from Brother Robert McCaull : 
 
 Garden Grove, Iowa, March %5th, 1872. 
 Dear Brother: 
 
 * * * The farmers of this county are beginning 
 to wake up at last. Two other townships have asked for infor- 
 mation in regard to organizing Granges. Our own is increasing in 
 numbers and efficiency, and realizing some of the advantages of 
 the Order. We have already received our groceries from a whole- 
 sale house in Burlington at 30 per cent, less than we had to pay 
 our local merchants here. Arrangements have been made for 
 
Victory Tlu'ougli Perseverance. j'/g 
 
 getting our plows and cultivators at a discount of 35 per cent, for 
 c:isli. When we can ship our produce direct to Eastern consu- 
 mers, either in Eastern States or to Europe, tlien we will get rid of 
 the horde of middlemen who suck the life-blood out of the farm- 
 ers. I remain yours truly, Egbert McCaoll. 
 
 At the present time the sentiments of both writers 
 are equally blended, and give an illustration of an 
 association working with a stimulus of fraternity 
 and dollars, a motive power not to be surpassed. 
 
 Our first female correspondent in Mississippi was 
 Mrs. Fannie Q. "Willis, of Hamilton, Monroe County. 
 She wrote me March 28th : 
 
 "Through the circulars you sent me some time since and 
 former labors on my part in behalf of the Order of Patrons of 
 Husbandry, we have succeeded in arousing an interest in the 
 cause that promises wonderful results to its good in the future. 
 We have now a Grange in my nearest town." * » * 
 
 During the month we received ninety-six applica- 
 tions for new Granges. 
 
 With the close of March I had an oi^portunity of 
 exemplifying a scriptural injunction, " Cast thy 
 bread upon the waters and thou shalt gather it after 
 mavy days." Brother Saunders was unexpectedly 
 "short," and I had the pleasure of returning him in 
 a lump the sum total of his advances to the Order 
 from the commencement. I handed him the amount 
 on the morning of April 1st, and received this 
 voucher: 
 
jSo 
 
 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 National Gkangk, Patroks of Htjsbandkt, ) 
 $104.90 Washington, D. C. ) 
 
 Received of O. H. Kelley, Secretary of the National 
 Grange, one hundred and four doll3,rs and ninety cents, for 
 money adyanced at yarious times for use of the Order. 
 April \it, 1872. William Saundeks. 
 
 On the second day of April we received the appli- 
 cation for the 
 
 First Subordinate Grange in Kansas. 
 
 The Charter Members of Hiawatha Grange, No. 1, 
 Organized by Joshua Ball, March 2Sth, 1872. 
 
 Jos. F. Babbitt, 
 Jacob Scouten, 
 John Walters, 
 Jos. Kittinger, 
 Samuel A. Burns, 
 John M. Hillman, 
 Wm. S. Dillingham, 
 William Eadford, 
 E. T. Chamberlain, 
 J. N. Seeman, 
 P. J. Heimlich, 
 W. Johannes, 
 John Barnum, 
 Thurston Case, 
 Mrs. Hattie Rife, 
 Mrs. S. T. Hall, 
 Mrs. E. E. Watkins, 
 
 Thos. Ellis, 
 William D. Rife, 
 William S. Hall, 
 Benj. J. Watkins, 
 A. S. Ellis, 
 Joseph Cracraft, 
 A. Austin, 
 J. W. Babbit, 
 Simeon Baker, 
 E. Bierer, 
 Harvey Seburn, 
 Daniel Hazen, 
 J. G. Hannah, 
 Mrs. p. a. Babbit, 
 Mrs. E. a. Walters, 
 Mrs. M. J. Kittinger, 
 Mrs. Mary Ellis, 
 
Victojy Through Perseverance. j8i 
 
 Mrs. H. E. Hillman, Mas. L. CEACRArT, 
 
 Mrs. R. p. Dillingham, Mrs. E. Austin, 
 
 Mrs. E. Radford, Mrs. E. Bierkr, 
 
 Mrs. M. Seburn, Mrs. Louisa Barnum, 
 
 Mrs. H. M. Hannah, Mrs. O. T. Case. 
 
 On April 4th, if lightning had come into our 
 office, we would not have been more surprised than 
 we were to receive two applications, (his first work) 
 sent in by Col. D. Wyatt Aiken, from South Caro- 
 lina. The same day, as companions, we received 
 nine applications from Iowa. 
 
 I had added another Tract to our "Bryan Fund" 
 collection, — that of Capt. E. L. Hovey, of Vermont, 
 and was scattering these documents in reply to the 
 many letters of inquiry, as to the aims and objects 
 of the Order. During this month, our members in 
 Vermont commenced agitating the matter of a 
 Patrons' Fourth of July Celebration, which result- 
 ed in the determination to organize their State 
 Grange on that occasion, — a very appropriate way 
 and day to celebrate the introduction of our Order 
 in the New England States. 
 
 I find in a letter from J. H. Williams, dated 
 April 12th, at Farm Hill, Minnesota, this sugges- 
 tion : " The Fifth Degree should be conferred in the 
 County Grange, the Sixth in the State Grange, and 
 the Seventh in the National." This called to mind 
 
j82 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 the plan proposed to Bartlett, in the commence- 
 ment, to add other degrees as they might be called 
 for. By the late amendment to the Constitution, 
 the County Granges now have the Fifth Degree. 
 Will the States have the Sixth, and the National 
 work exclusively in the Seventh ? 
 
 Brother J. G. H. Little, of Muscatine, Iowa, 
 also wrote: " Cannot there be some means whereby, 
 by payment of certain amounts, members can ad- 
 vance as far as those who may be so fortunate as to 
 be Masters by election ?" 
 
 I come now to another matter. After the organ- 
 ization of the State Grange in Wisconsin, in 1871, 
 letters, both of approval and complaint, relative to 
 Deputy Burnham, were plenty, and the correspond- 
 ence which passed between the parties, the Doctor 
 and myself, left the impression that while there was 
 some foundation for complaint, it was aggravated 
 in a degree by prejudice, and I suggested to the 
 Doctor to labor in some other field. He was con- 
 sidered, in our office, a successful organizer at the 
 time, and such were in demand. I coincided with 
 him in a plan for a trip through the States east- 
 ward, and about three months afterward, giving us a 
 full account of his arrangements for leaving "Wis- 
 consin, he wrote from Waterloo, Jefierson County, 
 March 4th, 1872, as "improved in health, and ready 
 for immediate duty." 
 
Victoiy Through Perseverance. jSj 
 
 There Avas received, during my absence ATcst and 
 South, a scries of resolutions passed by the State 
 Grange of Wisconsin, requesting his immediate 
 removal from the office of Deputy, and closing with 
 these words: "And it is our deliberate opinion that 
 he ought not to be allowed to operate in other 
 States unless, at least, as subject to the restraint 
 and influence of an experienced and reputable 
 General Deputy, or other officer of the N"ational 
 Grange." Upon this he was requested to stop 
 organizing in "Wisconsin, and the next letter from 
 him was dated Nunda, Illinois, March 30th, 1872, 
 in which he stated he had been there over a week 
 lecturing and reorganizing the ISTunda Grange, con- 
 sidering such work as trespassing. 
 
 I determined to know all about him and his work 
 from a disinterested party, and on the suggestion of 
 the Wisconsin resolutions, I immediately telegraphed 
 Brother J. C. Abbott, at Clarksville, Iowa: ^^ Hold 
 yourself in readiness to start for JVunda, III., on receipt 
 of a registered letter mailed to-day." In the letter I en- 
 closed him the entire correspondence and sufficient 
 funds for ticket and road expenses, and requested 
 him to interview the Doctor to his satisfaction, 
 examine into what he had done and was doing, and 
 report to me as soon as expedient, if ho found 
 him, in his opinion worthy, to impart the new 
 
j34- Patrons of Htisbandiy. 
 
 secret work, not otherwise. It is sufficient to say 
 that a letter from Dr. Burnham, dated at l^unda, 
 April 15th, 1872, contained the Doctor's resigna- 
 tion. It is due to give this much information to 
 the early members of our Order in "Wisconsin, and 
 could they go through the voluminous correspond- 
 ence relative to the work in that State, for the year 
 1871, they would excuse me (being a stranger to 
 all parties) for apparent slow movements, though 
 effectual and in compliance with their requests in 
 the end. 
 
 Brother Abbott performed the unpleasant duty 
 assigned him in a very creditable manner. This 
 will also explain to some of those in "Western 
 Illinois, who were so anxious to know at the time 
 why Brother Abbott was working in and about 
 ISTunda, and by whose authority. 
 
 The month closed with eight more applications 
 for South Carolina, from Colonel Aiken, and a 
 flood of letters and newspapers from the South, 
 Avhile Iowa was leading off in grand style. AVe 
 numbered ninety- eight new Granges for April. 
 
 May opened with another application from South 
 Carolina, and during the month we received appli- 
 cations from ten different States, though our num- 
 bers increased but sixty-five for May, of which 
 fourteen were from South Carolina. General A. 
 
Missing Page 
 
^86 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 orders from Granges in the same State or vicinity, and special 
 terms for freight, etc. , arranged with transportation lines, thereby 
 effecting another large saving to the purchaser. 
 
 Manufacturers of all articles used by farmers, who desire to 
 avail themselves of this means of disposing of their products 
 directly to the consumer for cash, thereby avoiding the losses 
 incident to the credit system, or the storing of goods in tlie 
 hands of commission merchants and agents, are invited to send 
 their catalogues and wholesale price lists to, and to correspond 
 with, O. H. Kellet, 
 
 Secretary of the National Orange. 
 
 About this date I issued Tract No. 3, written by 
 J. C. Abbott. 
 
 After rendering valuable assistance to the Order, 
 by lecturing in Illinois, I advised Brother Abbott 
 to turn his attention to reviving the work in "Wis- 
 consin, where, through the cause before mentioned, 
 the Order was in bad repute. In accepting my 
 proposition, he wrote, under date of May 10th : "I 
 liave had an application from a man who has been 
 Editor, Preacher, Lawyer and Doctor, and is now a 
 farmer and Secretary of a Grange, to go with me 
 to Wisconsin, where, he says, he is acquainted, and 
 help organize. I promised to ask you if you wanted 
 him. He is about forty-five, and can talk well; I 
 think he might be useful." In reply, I told him 
 there would be no objection to his friend receiving 
 a sub-commission, if he desired it, but that he must 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. j8j 
 
 go on the same terms as those in Iowa. I would 
 not agree to guarantee any salary or expenses. 
 
 At this time, in reckoning the cost of Granges, 
 we found the materials sent to each Subordinate 
 Grange cost seven dollars and fifty cents. Deputies 
 were furnished their supplies free, and upon adding 
 to these amounts postage, expressage, and the office 
 expenses, the total cost of each Grange being organ- 
 ized amounted to about $11.50. 
 
 Brother Goldcr, in a letter asking for a financial 
 statement of receipts and expenditures, wrote: "I 
 am pressed by Masters to get this information. I 
 have no fears about the money. It is rather a 
 mystery to me to know how j-ou have run the insti- 
 tution four years on the amount received." There 
 were many others who, up to this time, have never 
 had the mystery solved. 
 
 During this month we found it absolutely neces- 
 sary to employ extra clerical force, as the work was 
 crowding us rather close, Avhile we were laboring 
 under inconvenience for want of suitable office room. 
 
 On the 7th of June, Brother Ireland addressed 
 
 me a note as follows : 
 
 In looking over some papers tliat I had packed away, I found 
 quite a number of documents,— the property of the National 
 Grange, — such as some of its early records. As tliese raaj- be of 
 some value to you, please call at my office and receive them. 
 
 Yours truly, W. M. Iukland. 
 
^88 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Oscar Dinwiddle, assisted by some of his immedi- 
 ate associates — Graham, Keene, and " Uncle Char- 
 ley" — were doing a good business in Indiana, and 
 through their direct work the ball was set well in 
 motion in their State. 
 
 J. C. Abbott, at my request, left Illinois on the 
 13th, to take the field in Wisconsin, from whence 
 he wrote as follows : 
 
 ScN ruAiKiB, Wis., June 2ith, 1873. 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 That you may be informed of the situation of things, and 
 also have some appreciation of my labors and discouragements 
 here, I copy a letter just received from G. W. Sheardown, of 
 Plainfield, as follows : 
 
 "I have just received a line from Hon. S. W. Pierce, Master 
 of our State Grange, and he informs me he is making no arrange- 
 ments for the session to come off on the 2d of July ; has lost all 
 confidence and whatever zeal he might have had in the cause in 
 this State. Wish it were otherwise, but I guess it is a ' dead 
 duck.' Hardly think there will be one representative from any 
 of the Granges about here, for they have all failed to work 
 except Experiment Grange, of which E. Abbott is Master, and 
 John D. Beggs Secretary." 
 
 But I am not easily discouraged, nor to be bluffed by those 
 who wish no good to our Order. If the meeting should be too 
 small, perhaps it would be best to defer an election for a few 
 weeks, till I can open a few new Granges in this part of the 
 State, and then call a State meeting at some Railroad centre. In 
 any event, you can rely upon my doing what I consider for the 
 best good of our glorious cause. Yours, J. C. Abbott. 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. ^^g 
 
 The First Letter from Arkansas was from 
 
 Judge John T. Jones : 
 
 Helena, AnK., June 15th, 1873. 
 O. H. Kellet,— Dear Sib : 
 
 Be good eoough to furnish me with a copy of the Consti- 
 tution of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, with such infor- 
 mation as may enable me to move in the establishment of State 
 and Subordinate Granges here, should it be found to meet the 
 wants of our husbandmen. 
 
 I have been a citizen of this county for thirty-seven years ; 
 was President of the first Agricultural Society established in the 
 county, and United States Senator-eZeci from this State in 1866. 
 I refer you to Hon. James M. Hawks, M. C, or should he have 
 left Washington before this reaches you, to Messrs. Pike and 
 Johnson, Attorneys-at-Law, in your city. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, John T. Jones. 
 
 His request for documents was complied with. 
 
 About this time I perpetrated a joke in Iowa, 
 "but not intentional. In January, Brother Adams 
 had given me the "cipher" in which the annual 
 password was to be communicated in his State. I 
 had been receiving information relative to prospects 
 of crops and amount of grain on hand, and com- 
 piled a paragraph in this "cipher," as I understood 
 it, for the benefit of Patrons in Iowa. Judge my 
 amusement on receiving this from Brother Adams : 
 
 "That probabilities of crops which you publish in the Home- 
 stead, in demoralized capitals, what is it ? I confess to igno- 
 rance, unless it be to blind and bother such good friends as the 
 
jpo Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Western Farmer, and make them howl, in which it has proved a 
 magnificent success. Please keep me posted in these matteis, 
 whether business or fun, as I am expected to untie all the knots 
 for this State and many in others." 
 
 The approaching celebration in Vermont, and 
 proposed organization of that State Grange, in- 
 duced me to take a short vacation in the Green 
 Mountains. J. R. Thompson had been invited to 
 deliver the oration at St. Johnsbury on the Fourth 
 of July, and called upon me for some items. I 
 gave him several letters, telling of the interest in 
 the Order "Westward, and in the South, and a 
 number of newspapers. After looking them over, 
 as he was about to leave, he said he had learned 
 more about the Order in one hour than he had 
 ever known before. I take that, even now, as a 
 compliment for the facility with which I could 
 impart information. 
 
 We closed up June with eighty-six Dispensations. 
 
 July 3d I had the pleasure of calling the meeting 
 to order, at which we organized the State Grange 
 OF Vermont, with the following as officers : 
 
 Master, ----- E. P. CoLTON. 
 
 Lecturer, .... H. 0. Woodward. 
 
 Overseer, . . - - W. G. BAKTI.KTT. 
 
 Steward, - - - - - G. H. Cark. 
 
 Assistant Steward, - - - J. Dow. 
 
 Secretary, • -, - - E. L. HovET. 
 
 Treasurer, ----- C. J. Beli,. 
 
 Chaplain, - - - - - S. H. Rowell. 
 
 Gate-Keeper, - - - J. Lawrence. 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. jp/ 
 
 The 4tli found the Order well represented, and the 
 forenoon was passed listening to several speeches 
 in the Court-IIouse. In Bro. Thompson's address 
 I find the following; 
 
 I will, therefore, briefly relate to you, for tlie first time, the 
 simple and uneventful story of its origin. 
 
 On a rainy afternoon in the fall of 186G, two gentlemen were 
 introduced to each other by a mutual friend, in one of the com- 
 mittee rooms of the National Capitol. 
 
 The one was from the frontier of the new State of Minnesota, 
 and was a fair type of the active, energetic, enterprising and 
 go-ahead Western farmer, who had just returned from a tour of 
 the South, whither he had been sent by order of the President 
 of the United States, to investigate and report to the Agricultural 
 Department the condition and prospects of the Agricultural 
 resources of the South. 
 
 The other was a Vermonter, so recently from the green hill- 
 sides of Yankeedom, that the habit of asking questions when- 
 ever desirable information was to be obtained, was still strong 
 upon him. 
 
 This chance meeting, so casual in its character, and so like, in 
 
 its persons and its incidents, the thousands of accidental meetings 
 
 of strangers that occur every day, strikingly illustrates the truth 
 
 that 
 
 " God moves in a mysterious way, 
 His wonders to perform," 
 
 for from it sprang one of the grandest and most beneficent, 
 
 moral, industrial, social and educational reforms of the Centurj', 
 
 if not of all time. 
 
 The Vermonter at once marked his new AVestem acquaintance 
 
 as legitimate prey. He had just returned, not only with his 
 
 note-book filled with notes upon the agriculttiral condition and 
 
jg2 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 resources of the South, but with his head crammed with infor- 
 mation and impressions, as to the political feelings and the social 
 status of its people, gleaned by personal contact with and obser- 
 vation among them. 
 
 All this information and all these impressions the other desired 
 to know, and enforced his demands with such pointed and per- 
 sistent questions, that the afternoon was consumed in uninter- 
 rupted conversation and discussion. 
 
 Dinner was forgotten, daylight faded, twilight deepened into 
 darkness, the gas was lighted and the conversation still ran on. 
 The evening liours had recorded themselves upon the dial and 
 fled before the new friends separated, each having received ideas 
 which neither had before entertained. 
 
 As this was told from memory, five years and a 
 half after the meeting referred to, any error in dates 
 is pardonable, but Brother J. E. "will not object to 
 my placing both of us right on the record. I met 
 him for the first time the evening I reached Wash- 
 ington in November, 1866, neai-ly seven months 
 after my return from the South, but I have no recol- 
 lection of ever having so long a conversation ^\lih. 
 him or any other man by which I euchered myself 
 out of a, dinner and supper both. If so, it was 
 another of those "mysterious moves," in Avhich I 
 have not yet proved a success. 
 
 However, the day was delightful ; everything was 
 harmonious; the band played splendidly; the dinner 
 was capital; the installation of officers of Green 
 ?dountain Grange in the afternoon was interesting; 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. jpj 
 
 and all seemed pleased witli tlie first Patron's Cele- 
 l.iratiou in iSew England. 
 
 In the "Western States, the day was equally hon- 
 ored by our Order. Processions, miles in length, 
 and gatherings of thousands, and in one instance 
 ten thousand people were reported in one assem- 
 blage under the niarshalship of our Granges. All 
 this was enough to encourage us to still work on 
 and strive the harder to add more happy days to 
 each farmer's familj-, for it is in these social gather- 
 ings they, and particularly their wives and daughters, 
 find some relief from the dull routine of their daily 
 labors. The trip to Vermont occupied three weeks, 
 and I returned much improved in health. 
 
 I cannot well omit one item that may encourage 
 some others. I had for years been an inveterate 
 smoker of tobacco, l^o one ever enjoyed a good 
 cigar or pipe more than myself, though I never in- 
 dulged in chewing; yet smoked to such excess 
 that it gave me much anxiety. The morning we left 
 home for Vermont, my throat troubled me considera- 
 ble while smoking. I decided it might be caused 
 by that, and threw the cigar away. I never have 
 used tobacco since, and, singular to relate, felt no 
 unpleasant effects from stopping. Perhaps the few 
 days of severe trouble with my throat assisted me to 
 overcome any desire to smoke. 
 
jp^ Patrons cf Hitsbmidry. 
 
 On the 2cl of July the State Grange of jNIississippi 
 held its meeting, and passed, among others, tliis res- 
 olution: 
 
 "That the State Grange of Mississippi desires to have the 
 Tiflh Degree of the Order abolished, except the obligation." 
 
 About these days we Avere receiving many letters 
 desiring changes in both the Hitual and Constitu- 
 tion ; in fact, if we had given any heed whatever to 
 such requests there would not have been a line left 
 of anything connected with the Order. We made it 
 a point to furnish every one, asking, with a copy of 
 tlio Constitution and Tracts, so they could join 
 advisedly. If they then became members, fault 
 finding with any of the Avork came with bad grace. 
 If there Avas any "tomfoolery" not agreeable, thcA' 
 had the same privileges as in other orders. Proba- 
 bly if Ave had several skeletons of unlcnoAvn indi^-id- 
 uals scattered promiscuously about the halls, the 
 ceremonies might be more agreeable. 
 
 During July General Vaughan opened another 
 Grange in Tennessee. 
 
 G. "W. Smith- Vaniz, of Canton, Mississippi, wrote 
 me under date of July 4th, asking information as 
 to organizing a Subordinate Grange. About one 
 year after, he sent me, as a present to the ISTational 
 Office, the Fikst Grange Banner that cve"r Avas 
 carried south of Mason and Dixon's line. 
 
Victoiy Tliroiigli Perseverance. jpj" 
 
 R. D. Powell, Special Deputy, organized July 
 15tli, 1872, the FiKST Subordinate Grange in 
 Alabama, known as Yorkville, Xo. 1. Tlie Charter 
 members were: 
 
 J. T. Han-cock, E. Browx, 
 
 I. M. QuiNN, I. II. Archer, 
 
 E. I. IIUGHES, ^Y. GOBE, 
 
 "W. L. Duncan, Miss Sallie Bro-wx, 
 
 Miss Georgie Brown. 
 
 July was one of the hottest months ever experi- 
 enced in Washington; the work in our office ex- 
 ceeded any previous month, hut Miss Hall proved 
 herself competent for the task, recording one hun- 
 dred and fifteen Dispensations. 
 
 South Carolina made rapid strides during the 
 month. 
 
 August 2d gave us the State Grange of Ne- 
 braska, organized by Gen. '^Ym. Duane "Wilson, 
 with the following officers : 
 
 Master, Wm. B. Porter. 
 
 Lecturer, - - - S. P. Mobley. 
 
 Overseer, - - J. W. Cox. 
 
 Steward, - A. J. Price. 
 
 Assistant Steward, ■ E. H. NoxoN. 
 
 Chaplain - • Timothy Claek. 
 
 Secretary, Wm. McCaig. 
 
 Gaie-Keeper, - W3t. C. Brown. 
 
 Ceres, Mrs. AVjt. B. Porter. 
 
 Fomona. - Mr.s. Wm. C. BRO-n'N. 
 
 Flora, Mrs. Timothy Clark. 
 
 Lady Assistant Steward, Mrs. S. P. Moeley. 
 
jp6 Patrons of Hiisbandiy. 
 
 Gen. "Wilson communicated by letter: 
 
 "There were sixteen Granges represented at the organization, 
 and we all worked hard most of the time, for two days and three 
 nights, from 7.30 A. M. to 12 P. M. I doubt if any State 
 Grange has ever been opened more thoroughly, and in which 
 lliere was a more earnest desire to carry out fully the whole 
 design of the Order." 
 
 August 3cl, we received the First Application 
 FKOM Arkansas. The Grange Avas organized at 
 Phillip's Academy, by Hon. John T. Jones. The 
 following were the members' names; 
 
 John T. Jones, J. W. Keesee, 
 
 A. G. JoRMAN, E. J. Polk, 
 
 C. Polk, B. A. Blotjnt, 
 
 T. L. Jones, Mrs. J. T. Jones, 
 
 Miss A. Jones, Mrs. J. "W. Keesee, 
 
 J. Cook, Mrs. C. Polk, 
 
 Mrs. T. L. Jones, Petek R. Ford. 
 
 From Texas came the following letter, from one 
 who was among the first of those who became prom- 
 inent in the Order there : 
 
 Salaba, Bell Cottntt, Texas, ) 
 Aurjust Isi, 1872. / 
 
 O. II. Kellet, 
 
 Secretary National Grange, Washington, D. C: 
 
 Deab Sik : 
 
 Wishing to see the Order of the " Patrons of 
 
 Ilusbandrj'" introduced into our State, believing that it would 
 
 accomplish great good, at the suggestion of Colonel D. "Wyatt 
 
 Aiken, of South Carolina, I will say to you, that if you see 
 
JOHN T. JONES. 
 
 THOMAS TAYLOR. 
 
 WM. B. PORTER. 
 
 D. POWELL. 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. jgy 
 
 proper to appoint me Deputy for this State, I will labor diligently 
 to introduce the Order into every county in our great State. Of 
 course I would want a complete outfit. 
 
 Very respectfully, H. II. Pakkek. 
 
 The next valuable information for record, is the 
 resumption of the meetings of our Executive Com- 
 mittee, which, I am pleased to say, were prompted 
 by a laudable desire to know something about the 
 receipts and expenditures of my office. 
 
 Special Meeting of the Executive Committee, 
 Friday Ecening, August 9th, 1872. 
 
 A special meeting of the Executive Committee 
 was called by the Master of the I^ational Grange. 
 
 Present, Brothers Saunders, Grosh, J. K. Thomp- 
 son, and Kelley. 
 
 It being the first meeting of the Committee for 
 one year, a large number of letters were waiting 
 the Committee's action, 
 
 A portion of them were rea,d, and several Avere 
 placed in the hands of Brother Thompson, who 
 agreed to put the decisions in writing, and return 
 to the Secretary on Monday, the 11th, 
 
 Adjourned until Thursday evening, 15th instant. 
 
 0,H, K, Sec'y. 
 
 August Uth, 1872. 
 Friend Kellet : 
 
 Enclosed please find the decisions which I think are in 
 
 accordance with the views of the Executive Committee. I will 
 
 endeavor to spend an hour or two with you some afternoon or 
 
 evening this week. Yours fraternally, J. R. T. 
 
jg8 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Adjourned Meeting of the Executive Committee, 
 Thursday Eoening, August loth, 1872. 
 Owing to a previous engagement of the Master 
 of the National Grange, which was overlooked at 
 the adjournment of the last meeting, .the session for 
 this evening was, by agreement, postponed without 
 date. 0. II. K, Sec'y. 
 
 A few days after. Brother J. R. called, and I 
 gave him mj- cash book to examine, preparatory- to 
 making a settlement with my office, as required by 
 our vote in January. 
 
 The news from Brother Abbott, in Wisconsin, 
 began to assume a more cheerful appearance, M'hile 
 South Carolina, Iowa and Mississippi, were keeping 
 matters lively. The work in those States being 
 heralded all over the country, even Canada jDut in 
 appearance with its First Grange, organized by 
 Eben Thompson, August 16th, of which the follow- 
 inof is the list of Charter members: 
 
 a 
 
 Albert P. Ball, W. S. Hunter, 
 
 George Bacheldee, George Russell, 
 
 D. A. Mansur, L. R. Robinson, 
 
 M. A. Notes, J. G. Field, 
 
 Albert Clark, Mrs. Mary L. Ball, 
 
 Mrs. G. L. Russell, Mrs. W. S. Hunter, 
 
 Mrs. D. a. Mansur, Mrs. E. A. Bachelder, 
 
 Mrs. L. R. Robinson, Miss Mary A. Field, 
 
 Miss L. Clark. 
 
Victor}' Through Persevci'ancc. jpp 
 
 Brother Adams wrote me from Waukon, Iowa, 
 August 14th : 
 
 Concerning the initiation fee mentioned in tliat old letter, I 
 have to say $o and $3 is little enough, and we, even in this State, 
 get all the members we want at that rate, and we do not want a 
 member who docs not take five dollars interest in the institution. 
 He would be a source of weakness rather than strength. * * * 
 I fully agree with what you say about the election of officers, 
 viz. : That they should not be government officials, but should 
 be farmers ; even if the first should be as efficient, the moral 
 effect is very bad, and I am often called upon to explain why the 
 present state of affairs exists." * * * 
 
 The following, from Brother D. R. Curtiss, shows 
 he was again at work in Ohio : 
 
 Logan, Hocking County, Ohio, ) 
 August 22d, 1873. ) 
 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 Enclosed find money order for $15, as fee for Dispensation 
 
 for "Starr Grange," organized by me last night. I had a 
 
 pleasant, smooth time in the initiation and organization, though 
 
 I had hard work in getting it up, having made addresses to 
 
 them, at three different meetings, in school houses. I have spoken 
 
 almost every night since coming here, in some township, and 
 
 sometimes twice a day. There are some efforts making, and 
 
 some prospect of more Granges in this county ; also in the 
 
 adjoining counties of Athens, and Vinton, and Perry, but not 
 
 sure : shall do my best. Had large meeting here in the Court 
 
 House last Saturday, and made my best speech— best I could 
 
 do. Brother W. Stiers, of "Logan Grange," is an excellent, 
 
 earnest Patron, and has worked hard and helped me very much. 
 
 He has a large farm, and is a man of considerable influence. * * 
 
4-00 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 I shall probably go to McArthur, county seat of Vinton, on 
 Saturday next ; they want a meeting, and say they •will carry 
 mo over on that day, but we shall see. Write me at this place, 
 Logan, Hocking County, Ohio. 
 
 Fraternally yours, D. S. Curtiss. 
 
 Executive Committee Meeting, 
 
 Thursday Evening, August 29(h, 1872. 
 Present, Brothers Saunders, J. E. Thompson, and 
 Kelley. We adopted a form for the revocation of 
 Charters, and considered suggestions made in seve- 
 ral letters submitted. Ifo business of vital import- 
 ance transacted. 
 
 Adjourned to meet Thursday evening, Septem- 
 ber 5th. 0. H. K., Sec'y. 
 
 About this time my family had decided to change 
 our quarters for more genial accommodations, and 
 I leased a house in Georgetown, D. C, to which we 
 moved on the first of September. 
 
 "We closed August with seventy-nine new Granges. 
 
 I find recorded 
 
 Executive Committee, 
 
 September 5ih. 
 Brother J. E. Thompson having other engage- 
 ments, could not be present, and upon notifying 
 Brother Saunders, the meeting for this evening 
 was indefinitely postponed. 0. H. K., Sec'y. 
 
 There was but little of particular interest trans- 
 pii-ed during September. Our change of residence 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. ^oi 
 
 was a decided improvement, and was not made a 
 day too early, as the increase of work soon evinced. 
 During the month we added seventy-nine Granges, 
 and materially increased our working force in the 
 different States. 
 
 Brother J. T. Miller, who had done good work 
 in Iowa, asked for and received a commission from 
 me to organize a few Granges in Ohio, where he 
 intended to make a visit. The result was a grand 
 success, as he orcranized two Granares and enlisted 
 Brother S. II. Ellis, who, within a few months 
 after, had organized fifty-four Subordinate Granges, 
 and been himself elected Master of the State Grange 
 
 of Ohio. 
 
 Executive Committee. 
 
 Called meeting at Brother Saunders' office, Tues- 
 day P. M., 2.30, October 1st. 
 
 Present, Brothers Saunders, Thompson, Grosh 
 and Kelley. The location of the Secretary's office 
 was brought up by Brother Saunders. He was of 
 the opinion that it should be "located," and not 
 (allowed to "travel around the country." I looked 
 into the Constitution for something to anchor to, 
 and came to the conclusion that as I took it to 
 Minnesota and brought it, of my own accord, to the 
 District, I would keep it where it was most con^■e- 
 nient to me until the National Grange was pernju- 
 nently organized, and the business would warrant 
 the expense of a separate building; buttoaccommo- 
 26 
 
4^02 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 date the others I would meet with them regularly 
 at his office. It was agreed that we meet every 
 alternate Tuesday afternoon, at 2 o'clock. As re- 
 quested, I brought over my cash book and vouchers 
 for examination. They were too numerous to exam- 
 ine at that meeting, and at my suggestion, it was 
 
 Resolved, That the Treasurer, Brother J. R. Thompson, should, 
 without unnecessary delay, examine all the accounts of the Sec- 
 retary with him at his office, and make a full and complete state- 
 ment of the same in writing. 
 
 It was further 
 
 Resolved, That the Treasurer should receive sufficient remu- 
 neration for this particular service. 
 
 We adjourned at 4 P. M. to meet on the 14th, at 
 
 same hour and place. 0. H. K., Sec'y. 
 
 As a Committee, we never met again. 
 
 The First Grange in Georgia, Valdosta, No. 1, 
 was organized by Mitchell Jones. The application 
 was received October 2d, with the following names : 
 
 Mitchell, Jones, Joseph Perry, 
 
 H. M. Coachman, R. Y. Lane, 
 
 J. C. Jones, "Wm. Zeiglee, 
 
 Geo. R. McRee, r. Young, 
 
 J. W. StATEN, J. C. WiSENBAKEK. 
 
 I issued notices, as requested by Colonels Aiken 
 and Jacques, summoning the Masters of Subordi- 
 nate Granges in South Carolina to meet at Columbia 
 on the 9th instant, to organize the State Grange, 
 vyhich meeting was a magnificent success, there be- 
 
Victory TlirougJi Perseverance. ^oj 
 
 ing seventj'-two Subordinate Granges represented. 
 Tlionias Taylor Avas elected Master, and D. Wyatt 
 Aiken, Secretary. 
 
 From Columbia I went with my daughter to 
 Charleston, making a short stay, and hastened back 
 to be at the Executive Committee meeting to be 
 held on the 14th. 
 
 I was prompt to the minute at Brother Saunders' 
 office, but the door was locked. I inquired of the 
 foreman of the garden, and he informed me where 
 the Chairman was, \ei Brothers Grosh and Thomp- 
 son were not about. They told me afterwards they 
 had forgotten the appointment. I waited for nearly 
 an hour, but no one put in an appearance. I began 
 to review the condition of affairs with much seri- 
 ousness as to my position. In our letters to corres- 
 pondents we had said much about "Our Executive 
 Committee," and yet it was impossible to get a 
 meeting without sending special invitations. As to 
 the work we were doing in our office, tlicy did not 
 take interest enough in it to even call i;pon us vol- 
 untarily. 
 
 I did not have very much time to spare in be- 
 wailing the situation. I looked upon the army of 
 active Deputies at work — the hundreds of Subor- 
 dinate Granges being organized — the eight State 
 Granges in existence — and the thousands of noble 
 
^o^ Patrons of Hiisbandiy. 
 
 men and women already memljers of the Order, and 
 daily increasing; and of these, hundreds of whom I 
 had met personally, "the Executive Committee" 
 had no knowledge whatever. It was for the inter- 
 est of the living members I was laboring and striv- 
 ing so earnestly, and to them I should hereafter 
 entirely look. 
 
 It was a little singular, after five years' hard labor, 
 and just as these were being crowned with such a 
 magnificent success, that my early associates in the 
 work should drop off" and leave me alone in my 
 glory! 
 
 Ireland had resigned ; I had not heard from Bart- 
 lett for a year; McDowell had been silent for 
 months; I had not seen Trimble for nearly a year; 
 Grosh had made but few calls, and Brother Saun- 
 ders had expressed a determination to drop the 
 Order completely. That day settled matters so far 
 as I was concerned. 
 
 The time spent reviewing things was not lost, 
 for I left with a resolution to run until the annual 
 meeting, free and independent, and instead of issuing 
 Dispensations, signed by the Master, stopped at the 
 printers on my way home, and left the following 
 foi'm, which was used by us until the new Master 
 was elected : 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. ^oj 
 
 National Grange 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 
 
 Washington, D. C 187 
 
 Master of Grange, No 
 
 Tour applicatioa for a Dispensation has been received, 
 and the same -will be sent yon by mail in due time. 
 
 I licri'witli send you all necessary documents for work in your 
 Grange, and 3-ou 'will proceed with the same without waiting for 
 your Dispensation. 0. H. Kellet, 
 
 Secretary of the National Orange. 
 
 Ear]}- ill October, Miss Hall introduced her song 
 book, %vith words set to music, which, tliough a 
 small beginning, was soon after increased to its 
 present size. 
 
 The labors of Brother J. C. Abl)ott in "Wisconsin 
 resulted in building up a goodly number of Subor- 
 dinate Granges, and reorganizing the State Grange 
 on the 22d instant. His letter says : 
 
 Poutage City, Wisconsin, ) 
 October 2ith, 187a. j 
 Brother Kellet : 
 
 The meeting of the Wisconsin State Grange has been a 
 
 grand success, eclipsing all our most sanguine expectations. 
 
 The weather delightful, attendance large, enthusiasm great, and 
 
 results perfectly satisfactory. Every one of my new Granges 
 
^o6 Patj'ons of Husbandry. 
 
 was represented, and seven of the old ones — forty -five delegates 
 in all. 
 
 Several of the old State officers attended, and very gracefully 
 accepted the situation, by tendering their resignations. I felt 
 anxious to obtain this result, that all might pass off harmoni- 
 ously. » » * The laws of the State Grange of 
 Mississippi were adopted almost entire. Colonel John Cochrane, 
 of Dodge County, is Master. lie is a noble man, about fifty 
 years old ; intelligent, modest, and wealthy : a practical farmer, 
 and stands high at home. He will meet with us in Washington. 
 * * * J. C. Abbott. 
 
 Pleased with the success of all the work he had 
 thus far undertaken, I advised Brother Abbott to 
 enter Michigan, and work until our Annual Meeting. 
 
 Erom all quarters we were receiving encouraging 
 letters; some of them amusing, as, for instance, the 
 following from Brother "Wni. Paist, Secretary of 
 the State Grange of Miimesota: 
 
 St. Patjl, OctoUr 22(i, 1872. 
 Dear Kellet ■ 
 
 * * * I will attend if I can. Brother T. A. 
 will be with you anyhow, and help you get the National Grange 
 started right. You do not know what your efforts will accom- 
 plish in the next ten years. Judge Underwood said, in a speech 
 before North Star Grange, a few days since, " Your name would 
 be handed down to generations to come, as the founder of the 
 greatest Secret Order on this earth ;" and, Brother Kelley, while 
 we award to you the originality of the thought and labor of per- 
 fecting and introducing it, tec— North Star Grange— claim to 
 be the first among your friends to adopt it as our rule and guide 
 
Victory Through Perseverance. ^oj 
 
 through life, and I now say, that as a Grange, we are a success. 
 Since you organized us, we have never missed a meeting, or 
 failed to banquet once a month, and last Saturday paid our last 
 dollar of indebtedness of the one thousand dollars for fitting up 
 our hall. * * « Fraternally yours, Wm. Paist. 
 
 Ninety-one new Granges closed our work for the 
 mouth of October. 
 
 JSTOVEMBER. 
 
 To be sure of securing a full attendance at the 
 Annual Meeting in January, I commenced early in 
 the month writing to the State Masters, and those 
 holding commissions as General Deputies. I was 
 determined to see the ISTational branch permanently 
 organized. I knew personally the majority of those 
 I wrote to, and soon after their replies informed me 
 how many would be present, I made arrangements 
 for their accommodation at the Union Hotel in 
 Georgetown. 
 
 The invitations were as follows: 
 
 Col. D. a. Robertson, St. Paul, Minnesota: 
 Dear Sir akd Brother : 
 
 The Annual Meeting of the National Grange 
 ■will be held in this city, Wednesday, January 8th, 1873. As 
 there will be very important business, as well as a full election 
 of officers, you are urgently requested to be present. 
 
 Please notify me if you will attend, that arrangements can be 
 made for hotel accommodations. I suggest that prior to your 
 leaving home, you make up a box of samples of tliis year's 
 
^o8 Patrons of Hiisbandiy. 
 
 staple articles, grown in your State ; let them be good, but not 
 the extreme of growth. Have the box not to exceed seventy- 
 five pounds, aud forward to me by Express paid here. A show- 
 ing of this kind at a meeting of the National Grange, will be 
 interesting and valuable. Yours fraternally, O. H. Kelley. 
 
 Learning by the papers that Mr. Bryan had 
 returned to the city for the winter, my wife re- 
 minded me that the treasury would now warrant 
 the payment of the loan received in February, 1871. 
 I immediately dropped him a note, in which I told 
 him of our splendid sitccess, and my desire to refund 
 the sum of $184 he so kindly loaned us, and re- 
 quested him to state if I should deposit it to his 
 order at the banking house of Eiggs & Co., or pay 
 him in person. His reply on the 13th of November 
 stated that he had determined, under no considera- 
 tion whatever to ask me for it, but as I had offered 
 to repay it, he would receive it either at bank or in 
 person. An hour after receiving the letter, I rang 
 his door bell, and had the pleasure of meeting with 
 ]\[r. and Mrs. Bryan, and paid the money. I gave 
 them some information in regard to the rapid gro\rth 
 of the Order, and our anticipated meeting on Janu- 
 itry 8th. When about to leave, they expressed an 
 earnest desire to entertain the members of the Na- 
 tional Grange one evening during the session, and 
 I promised to give them timely notice. 
 
Victory Through Pci'scvcrancc. i^og 
 
 Judge Jones, of Arkansas, wrote November 9tli, 
 1872: 
 
 " We have jnst closed our Agricultural Fair here, which 
 afforded me an opportunity of presenting the claims of our 
 Order to the most prominent citizens of this and adjoining 
 counties. I am greatly encouraged by the -warm favor which it 
 meets, and the desire to have Granges established in many 
 neighborhoods. My heart is in this work, and with health and 
 strength vouchsafed to me, I intend to labor for its advance- 
 ment." 
 
 General "Wilson, of Iowa, wrote November 13th : 
 
 Mt Dear Kellet : 
 
 I have just received your commissions and instructions to 
 open State Granges in Missouri and Kansas. Brother Allen, of 
 Missouri, urges delay. I shall open Kansas State Grange about 
 the 4th of December, but prefer the 28th of November. The 
 Deputies there are to select the place and write me at Lawrence. 
 I have just accepted an invitation from the State Grange of 
 Wisconsin, to address a mass meeting at Ripou." 
 
 General Vauglian, of Mississippi, wrote: 
 
 " I will use my utmost endeavor to attend the meeting of the 
 National Grange in January. Will try to come on several days 
 before our meeting, so as to confer with you on matters and 
 things pertaining to the Order. When we meet, we can talk 
 over our matter fully." 
 
 In Iowa, J. D. "Whitman, who had charge of the 
 State business agency, was using his utmost endea^ 
 Tors to bring that feature of the Order to a success, 
 
^/o Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 and all other movements in Iowa were being closely 
 scrutinized by both friend and foe. 
 
 Brother E. R. Shankland, the Chairman of the 
 State Executive Committee, was also making him- 
 self popular as a leader in the Order. 
 
 Brother Colton, Master of State Grange of Ver- 
 mont, wrote me, ITovember 18th: 
 
 "Shall call a meeting of State Grange next month, after which 
 will inform you in relation to attending. "We must contrive 
 some way to be represented at the session, of the National 
 Grange." 
 
 Brother "W. "W. Corbett wrote ITovember 23d : 
 
 "It does not now look as if it would be possible for me to 
 attend. * * * Glad to hear of the continued success 
 of the Order. It does truly look encouraging, and must espe- 
 cially look so to you, who have been waiting so long for the 
 flood -tide." 
 
 FromR D. Powell: 
 
 CoLOMBUS, Miss., October 28th, 1873. 
 Dear Bkotheb Kellby : 
 
 I received your favor yesterday, and thank you for the 
 
 honor conferred in making me the first General Deputy of 
 
 Alabama, which makes me a member of the National Grange. 
 
 God willing, I will try and be with you in January. * * » 
 
 Yours fraternally, E. D. Powell. 
 
 ITovember proved a good month for Granges. 
 Wc issued one hundred and nine Dispensations, 
 
-.-yrr^i^ 
 
 411 
 
 E. R. SHANKLAND. 
 
Victoij Through Perseverance. jf.ii 
 
 and received about $350 for State Grange dues. 
 We had good cause to be somewhat eUited, feeling 
 the necessity of having some show of an organiza- 
 tion to greet the new members. 
 
 T made a short visit to New York cit}', and inter- 
 viewed several wholesale dealers in dry goods and 
 groceries; also two Presidents of Sewing Machine 
 Companies, to learn what could be done in the way 
 of direct trade with our Granges. This and much 
 other valuable information, I proposed to make 
 known at the January meeting. 
 
 The following from Colonel Robertson increased 
 my stature considerabl}', (figuratively speaking) : 
 
 St. Paul, Minn., December 5th, 1872. 
 My Deak Kellet : 
 
 With heartfelt delight, 1 congratulate you upon the won- 
 derful success which has rewarded your sacrifices and labors, to 
 organize and establish throughout the United States the Order of 
 the Patrons of Husbandry, which, I believe, is destined to 
 become the most beneficent and useful secular institution in our 
 country. I do not believe that you can estimate the value of 
 your labors, for you are the actual Founder of this Institution. 
 Had you not worked for its success as you did, under every dis- 
 couragement, the Order would not exist. I must say that I 
 consider it a great honor, of which my children will have cause 
 to be proud, when I am no longer with them, that I was one of 
 the pioneer members of the Patrons of Husbandry, and for this 
 I am solely indebted to you. * « * * 
 
 Yours fraternally, D. A. Robertson. 
 
^12 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 From D. W. Arlams : 
 
 Waukon, December 9<A, 1872. 
 Brotheb Kellet ; 
 
 * * * Will you bo able to meet our State Grange 
 
 in Des Moines on the fourth Tuesday in January ? If so, I will 
 
 undertake to show you the biggest collection of your " children " 
 
 3'ou ever saw together ; in short, it will be such a gathering of 
 
 the picked Agriculturists of the West as was never before seen 
 
 together. I tremble for my ability to preside over such a body, 
 
 for it will be the most unwieldy legislative body of men ever 
 
 convened for legislative purposes. Only think of five hundred 
 
 to seven hundred farmers, wholly unused to parliamentary law, 
 
 convened under one roof, and expected to do more work in one 
 
 week than a State Legislature would attempt in three months ! 
 
 Yours truly, Dudley W. Adams. 
 
 On the 9tli, we received report from General 
 "Wilson of the organization of the State Grange 
 OF Kansas, M'ith F. II. Dunibauld, Master, and G. 
 W. Spurgeon, Secretary. Bj- vote of the Grange, 
 General Wilson was elected to represent the State 
 at the coming session. 
 
 Brother Allen wrote December 27th: 
 
 " The farmers are now ripe for organization, — the iron is red 
 hot. * » * The manner in which I was received in 
 Central Missouri was indeed flattering and cheering. I went 
 there with fear and trembling ; I came away feeling that I was 
 appreciated, and that success was not only possible, but with 
 proper effort, assured. # * « j fi„f| yg^ a,.g correct. 
 ' h(! way to organize Granges is to go right among the farmers 
 and talk to them, answer their questions, meet and remove their 
 
Victoiy Through Perseverance. ^ij 
 
 objections, and show them how they can be benefited. You 
 may sit at home, answer letters, send documents and blanks, and 
 tell them you will come and organize them when they are ready, 
 but in nine cases out of ten they will never get ready. But go 
 among them, make them a plain earnest speech, and they will 
 not let you go away without organization." 
 
 "We closed December with one hundred and 
 twenty new Granges, making one thousand and 
 seventy-four which had paid for Dispensations, and 
 a total for the year of one thousand one hundred 
 and five. We had been so anxious to extend the 
 Order, a degree of liberality A\as shown if the 
 money did not always accompany the application. 
 
 It may be presumed the close of the year found 
 all of my family in fine spirits. Our united efforts 
 for five years, the hard labor, and the many privar 
 tions, were being rewarded by success. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 PERMANENT ORGANIZATION. 
 
 RRAISTGEMENTS at our home and the hotel 
 ^^ were completed for the entertainment of the 
 members expected to take part in the permanent 
 organization of the JSTational Grange. Letters re- 
 ceived promised an attendance of about thirty per- 
 sons. These comprised actual Masters of State 
 Granges and General Deputies, my old Associates, 
 and a few others who had taken active part in 
 building up the Order. As early as the fourth, 
 some arrived, and by Monday evening seventeen 
 were registered, representing eleven States. 
 
 It will be remembered that the last friend spoKcn 
 to on leaving "Washington the 3d day of April, 
 1868, was Dr. Trimble, who, on parting, remarked; 
 "Kelley, from my heart I wish you success, and I 
 firmly believe you will have it." It is a singular 
 coincidence that the very last reply from any of 
 those to whom I had sent invitations to be at this 
 
 414 
 
Pcnnaiicnt Organization. /f.i§ 
 
 meeting, should also Lc from the Doctor. lie 
 "vvrote me as follows: 
 
 Brother Kkllhy : 
 
 Yours of the 4th instant, notifying me of the Annual 
 Meeting of the National Grange, is received. 
 
 Familiar as you know I was with the history of the Institution 
 in its days of small things, when you struggled almost solitary 
 and alone, in your unselfish efforts to elevate Husbandry, and to 
 promote the social and mental interests of the farmer ; after- 
 wards familiar, by public report, with the rapid growth and 
 success of the Order (I regret to say I was merely a loolier-on, 
 and considerably skeptic), your statement that "a full repre- 
 sentation from fifteen States will be present," while it is most 
 agreeable, yet I confess it is a very great surprise to me. 
 
 That the Order deserved jjublic confidence and success, I never 
 doubted ; but in the countless organizations yearly springing into 
 existence, and in the culpable but deep-seated indifference of the 
 people to the interests of the farmer, I thought the difficulties 
 too great. 
 
 You, personally, Mr. Secretary, deserve high praise, and this 
 letter is due to you from once a doubter, but now a believer, in 
 the success of the Patrons of Husbandry. It will afford me 
 pleasure to be present at the meeting. 
 
 Yours fraternally, John Trimble, Jr. 
 
 With this meeting the work of my assistant and 
 myself virtually closed. AVe passed the temporary 
 organization over to the incorporated body, and iu 
 so doing had the satisfaction of knowing it Avas 
 free of debt, except what was owing to ourselves, 
 
^i6 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 and cash enough on hand to defray the general 
 expenses of the session. To us it was a source of 
 great satisfaction to be able to do this, and to have 
 the pleasure and honor of bringing together those 
 composing this National Grange. They all labored 
 faithfully during the four days' session. The prin- 
 cipal work done, however, was to cut up the old 
 Constitution and adopt a new. 
 
 "While perfecting our programme for the session 
 with Brother Adams, Brother J. R. Thompson 
 called, and on ascertaining that Brother Saunders 
 had declined to attend, it would leave us without a 
 presiding officer, he insisted that it was due to the 
 new members he should be present, and took it 
 upon himself to call upon Brother Saunders. Had 
 Brother Thompson omitted to do this, we should 
 have been deprived of valuable counsel on this 
 memorable occasion, and lost the fine opening ad- 
 dress delivered by Past-Master Saunders, which I 
 copy verbatim: 
 
 Bbothek William Saundeus' Address at Georgetown 
 ON Opening the Sixth Annual Session. 
 
 It is altogether unnecessary for me to enter into any detailed 
 explanation of tlie objects and aims of the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry ; these you are familiar with ; but I believe that you arc 
 not so familiar with the history of the National Grange — its 
 
Permanent Organization. /j-iy 
 
 tribulations, its embarraaaments, its shortcomings, and its prcaent 
 position. 
 
 It is a little over five years since the idea of this Organization 
 ■was conceived. At first its inception was crude, and seemed 
 vague and visionary ; something that ive fondly wished, but 
 scarcely hoped to see ; but as suggestions crowded, the idea 
 expanded, doubtful points vanished, and apparent obstacles 
 melted into obscurity. After things looked clear and the course 
 unobstructed to those who had been cogitating on the subject, it 
 was resolved to invite opinions from friends in whose judgment 
 confidence could be placed. A short address was printed and 
 circulated, which brought rejoinders in the main encouraging. 
 
 Some further action had to be taken, — a practical beginning 
 had to be made. A scheme of organization was devised, a form 
 of Constitution was carefully drawn up ; then a form of Ritual 
 had to be prepared. This involved a vast amount of writing, 
 much correspondence. Many, verj' many, rejected addresses 
 were thrown aside, as too long, too prosy, too flowery, or other- 
 wise unsuitable. The committee in charge had their construc- 
 tive and literary qualifications severely taxed. "When I look 
 back to that period in our history, I am convinced that we bored 
 each other most unmercifully. I think I may safely venture the 
 remark, that the greater portion of the Ilitual, and nearly all 
 the circular addresses, were prepared in fits of desperation to 
 get rid of each other for the time being, for all of those engaged 
 had pressing dail}' duties to perform, which afforded but little 
 time for other labors. 
 
 It was, liowever, in course of time, brought to a finish, anch 
 ns it was ; and in accordance with the plan of organization, 
 officers were selected from those who had given hearty encour- 
 agement and tangible assistance in the work ; and in order to 
 give intimation of a wide scope to the institution, these were 
 -1 
 
4-18 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 selected from different States. It was desired from the start 
 tliat its extension should be as wide as the Continent. Whatever 
 other institutions miglit be, iu this, at least, there should be uo 
 K'ortli, no South, no East, no West, but its benefits and privi- 
 leges sliould reach all who desired to profit by them. This was 
 a principal fundamental feature. 
 
 The next question was its introduction to the public, and here 
 real trouble began. We had no money. Like boys who hoard 
 up their pennies for a holiday disbursement, we had saved our 
 spare cash to pay the printer, and to purchase postage stamps. 
 Thousands of circulars liad been mailed, an edition of the Ritual 
 printed, forms of application. Deputies' circulars, etc., had been 
 prepared and paid for as best we could ; but now the crushing 
 effect of poverty was vividly apparent. 
 
 After much cogitating, the Secretary, (whose faith in the 
 ultimate success of the Order has fortunately never failed) 
 resolved to throw aside all other business, and devote his time 
 exclusively to its interest and extension. This was a bold step, 
 and one that required the possession of such faith as removes 
 mountains. He started on his mission, and his progress was 
 watched as one would watch the execution of a feat of improba- 
 ble accomplishment. He was soon lieard from, hciwever. 
 Granges were being organized, and almost immediately falling 
 into a dormant condition. Little assistance could be given by 
 the National Grange. He worked almost alone, as far as wo 
 were concerned ; in any event, we could do but little, and we 
 did it. Suflico it to saj-, that at the following meeting of the 
 Kational Grange lie was promptly on hand with his report, 
 whicli proved to be but faintly encouraging. 
 
 Like all progressive movements, this met with many rebuffs, 
 and soraetimi s from sources least cx])ccted, and without the 
 slightest knowledge of what the Order meant, what its aims 
 
Permanent Organi::ation. ^ig 
 
 were, or the proposed methods by which they were to be 
 realized. But we knew the solidity of our foundation, and the 
 principles underlying our motives ; these we knew could not 
 successfully be impugned. Doubters who would not be enlight- 
 ened, enjoyed their opinions, and the good work went slowly on. 
 
 As months wore round, the dawn of brighter results became 
 apparent ; but at every point our progress was retarded for want 
 of funds. The demand for printed documents concerning the 
 Order was constantly increasing, and it was important that it 
 should be met. Again, opportunities for organizing Granges in 
 distant localities were lost, owing to the inability of the National 
 Grange to defray necessary expenses. This also had its influ- 
 ence in retarding the spread of the Order. 
 
 During the year 1871, the Order made rapid progress. The 
 necessities of the times seemed to require just such an organiza- 
 tion, and able and energetic men and women entered into the 
 work with vigor. At the last meeting of the National Grange, 
 our worthy brother, the Master of the State Grange of Iowa, 
 cheered us by his presence, and helped us greatly with his 
 counsel. This is noteworthy, as being, up to that time, the only 
 accession to the members of the National Grange. 
 
 I will not at present detain you with the history of the Order 
 during the past year. That it has flourished and increased, such 
 as no similar institution, at least of modern times, can afford a 
 parallel, is fully proven by your presence here to-day. 
 
 It also proves the wisdom that fi.xed the term of service of the 
 Officers of the National Grange, for it is only now, at the expi- 
 ration of their term of service, that the Grange, for the first 
 time, has the means to make a change of its officers. 
 
 I will now allude, for a moment, to some of the duties of the 
 National Grange. I conceive that its main duties are : 1st. To 
 collect information : and 2d. To ditseminate it. Thus, it is 
 simply an agency. And yet it is more ; communicating, as it 
 
^20 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 does, with the whole Order, it is enabled to judge the value of 
 measures calculated to be to the best interest of the whole ; and 
 thus it should be creative as well as administrative. Above all 
 things, it must avoid responsibilities that legitimately belong to 
 State or Subordinate Granges. It should endeavor to inculcate 
 principles of action that are generally applicable, rather than 
 enter into executive details, which must, of necessity, vary 
 according to special circumstances. 
 
 To facilitate prompt and timely action, a duly authorized 
 Executive Board should be appointed, whose duties should be 
 clearly indicated, and to whom all matters of current business 
 should be referred. 
 
 A properly located ofBco should also be secured, and as the 
 business of the Order is so rapidly increasing, both in extent and 
 importance, it must be guided by business talents of no inferior 
 kind, so that its duties and exactments may be promptly and 
 thoroughly performed. 
 
 The Address ended here, with a few extempore 
 words of welcome. 
 
 The selection of officers, which was done with- 
 out nomination, each voting as judgment dictated, 
 sliowed an earnest desire to give the Order a 
 I^ational character, and in this the views which 
 first prompted the organization, were admirably 
 sustained, — Iowa having the Master, and South 
 Carolina the Overseer. 
 
 The following is a list of those who were chosen 
 to fill the various offices, and whose election gave 
 great satisfaction : 
 
Permanent Organization. /f2i 
 
 ^'^^^ii; Dudley W. Adams, Waukon, Iowa. 
 
 Overseer, - Thomas Taylor, Columbia, S. C. 
 
 Lecturer, T. A. Thompson, Plainview, Minn. 
 
 Steward, A. J. Vaughan, Early Grove, Miss. 
 
 Assistant Steward, G. W. Thompson, N. Brunswick, N.J. 
 
 Chaplain, A. B. Grosh, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Treasurer, . . . F. M. McDowell, Wayne, N. Y. 
 
 Secretary, . Q. H. Kelley, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Gate Keeper, - O. Dinwiddie, Orchard Grove, Ind. 
 
 G^^es, . Mrs. D. W. Adams, Waukon, Iowa. 
 
 Pomona, •• O.H.Kelley, Washington, D.C. 
 
 Fl'Ora, " J. c. Abbott, Clarksville, Iowa. 
 
 Lady Assistant Steward, Miss C. A. Hall, Washington, D. C. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Wm. Saunders, Washington, D. C. 
 
 D. Wyatt Aiken, Cokesbury, S. C. 
 
 E. R. Shankland, Dubuque, Iowa. 
 
 As an incorporated Association, with the new 
 Constitution and the new officers, we became in fact 
 a new Order. The business of 1872 was all that 
 was recognized as belonging directly to the Na- 
 tional Grange, — and what I have here published 
 furnishes the connecting link with the heretofore 
 published proceedings, commencing with 1873. 
 
 Our membership now rapidlj^ increased, and the 
 following table shows its growth by months duriiio- 
 the years 1873 and 1874. "We organized Subordi- 
 nate Granges as follows: 
 
422 
 
 Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 1 S 7 3... 
 
 Jaa. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar 
 
 Apr 
 
 May 
 
 Jun 
 
 Jul. 
 
 Aug 
 
 Sep. 
 
 Oc(. 
 
 Nov 
 
 158 
 
 338 
 
 6G6 
 
 571 
 
 696 
 
 623 
 
 611 
 
 829 
 
 917 
 
 1050 
 
 974 
 
 2119 
 
 2239 
 
 2024 
 
 1187 
 
 937 
 
 752 
 
 419 
 
 396 
 
 412 
 
 410 
 
 303 
 
 Dec. 
 1235 
 383 
 
 Up to this time we have issued upwards of 23,000 
 Dispensations. Such an increase in any Association 
 is without parallel, and notwithstanding we have 
 spread over the country so extensively, our increase 
 for the past six months has averaged three hundred 
 and fifty Granges per month. 
 
 During 1873 the following States organized their 
 State Granges: Alabama, Arkansas, California, 
 Dakota, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, 
 Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hamp- 
 shire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, 
 Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, 
 Virginia, and "West Virginia. 
 
 During 1874 we added Colorado, Maine, Mary- 
 land, and Montana. 
 
 The present year, 1875, we have already enrolled 
 the State Granges of Delaware and Connecticut, 
 and if we can find room within her boundaries for 
 anything more, we may, perhaps, have a State 
 Grange in Ehode Island. At present it is doubtful. 
 
 To return to Georgetown, and January 11th, 
 1873, on this day we closed our work, and the 
 National Grange was at last a reality. The increase 
 
Pamancnt Orc;anization. 
 
 ^' 
 
 of business soon warranted the renting of a sepa- 
 rate Ijuilding for an ofiice, and in August, (six years 
 after drafting an outline of our Ordei') we opened 
 'the Secretary's ofiice in Washington, employing at 
 the time seven clei'ks. 
 
 The progress in the several States, from January, 
 1873, can better be sketched by those more familiar 
 with their local matters. 
 
 In the preceding pages, but little is said relative 
 to the "female element," from the fact that very 
 few of the women — whose presence in our ranks 
 more than doubles the iniiuential strength of our 
 Order — have made themselves conspicuous; but 
 rather have proved their real value in a quiet, mo- 
 dest way, that invariably adds a charm and influ- 
 ence to whatever they give their support. !My per- 
 sonal experience and observation thus far, prompt 
 me to say, the women are as efficient as the men in 
 the general Avork of the Order, and many of them 
 have proved themselves as competent in attending to 
 business. 
 
 Had it not been for the influence of woman, 
 the Order would probably never have l:)een known. 
 Without woman's co-operation, it could not have 
 made its wonderful progress, and onl}' while their 
 membership is retained can we expect to cuntlnuc 
 it successfully. 
 
jj.24- Patrons of Ihisbandry. 
 
 Trusting what I luive given of our early work 
 will be received Avitli tlie fraternal spirit it is 
 oiFered, I invoke tke benediction of Ilim A^■bo has 
 adorned this earth with endless beauties. May lie 
 bless your labors and crown them with abundant 
 harvests. 
 
 ■Washington, D. C, April 14tt, 1875. 
 
MRS. O. H KELLEY. 
 
Roll of Honor. 
 
 4-^5 
 
 liOLL OF IIOXOR. 
 
 TnE following list comprises the names on our books — blasters 
 aud Past-Masters of Subordinate Granges, General Deputies and 
 Associates, ■who were recognized in December, 1872, as entitled 
 to seats aud votes in the National Grange. Invitations were 
 sent requesting their attendance at the January meeting of 1873. 
 
 f.l. C. ABnoTx, 
 ■"Dudley W. Adams, 
 f D. "Wyatt Aiken, 
 XX. R. Allen, 
 tSam. E. Adams, 
 •fBen. Allston, 
 ^Auson Bartlett, 
 t\V. H. Baxter, 
 JThomas B. Bryan, 
 *JoHN Cochrane, 
 *E. P. Colton, 
 tW. W. Corbctt, 
 
 tD. S. CUKTISS, 
 tOSCAR DiNWIDDIE, 
 
 *F. H. Dumbauld, 
 til. D. Emery, 
 gEd. P. Farris, 
 
 *A. GOLDER, 
 
 gA. B. Grosh, 
 •fOeorge D. Hinckley, 
 jwm. M. Ireland, 
 fD. H. Jacques, 
 
 JO. H. IvEIiLEY, 
 
 -{■Jonathan Lawrence, 
 F. M. McDo^WELL, 
 to. "W. McDowell, 
 JWm. Muir, 
 gA. S. Moss, 
 tWilliara Palst, 
 tn. D. Powell, 
 *\Vm. B. Porter, 
 
 fD. A. ROBERT,SON, 
 
 2"VVm. Saundkrs, 
 
 JE. R. SlIANKLAND, 
 
 tW. E. .Simmons, Jr., 
 tW. A. Simpson, 
 fH. D. Scott, 
 fJoSEPH Seymour, 
 [T. M. Smith, 
 *Thomas Taylor, 
 •fEben Thompson, 
 JG. W. Thompson, 
 2J. R. Thompson, 
 *T. A. Thompson, 
 gJoHN Trimble, Jr., 
 fEugene Underwood, 
 *A. J. Vaughan, 
 
 *John ■Wier, 
 fWm. Duane Wilson, 
 fW. L. Williams, 
 IE. G. Wall, 
 [D. Worthington, 
 Mrs. J. C. AEr.o'rr, 
 " D. W. Adams, 
 " T.R. Allen, 
 " Anson Bartlett, 
 •' J. Cochrane, 
 " E. P. Colton, 
 " A. B. Grosh, 
 Miss C. A. II.vll, 
 Mrs. O. H. Kelley, 
 " Wm. Jluir, 
 " W. B. Porter, 
 " Wm. Saunders, 
 " Thomas Taylor, 
 ** J. R. Thompson, 
 " T. A. Thompson, 
 " J. Trimble, Jr., 
 *' John Wier, 
 '* A. J. ■Vaughan. 
 
 Those in small capitals were present. Of the whole num- 
 ber all but six of tlie men did active work, and I count twenty- 
 seven names whose honors arc nearly equal as Founders of our 
 Order. Had all the above been present at tlie Georgetown meet- 
 ing, every one would have been recognized as entitled to full 
 membership. 
 
 * Masters of State tirauges 
 X U. and Jiaster. 
 
 II Past Masters of State GruDges. 
 
 t GeDer;il Deputies, 
 § Associates. 
 
THE EXPEFDITUEES. 
 
 As there has been a great deal said, and much written, by 
 both friend and foe, in regard to the large amounts of money 
 sent to the Secretar}' during the years covered by this history, 
 and that the reader may not be misled as regards tlie total amount, 
 I give this statement of expenditures. The receipts will be found 
 at the close of each chapter. The accounts for 1873 were pub- 
 lished with the proceedings of the National Session. 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 leee. 
 
 January Circulars i 6 00 
 
 to P. O. starap.s 2 50 
 
 May. Linen for Regalia 50 
 
 Chamois' sliin for Regalia 1 50 
 
 Rent of Plall 2 50 
 
 Blank applications 6 50 
 
 Rent of llall 1 50 
 
 St.ationerj' 3 75 
 
 Stamps 1 00 
 
 Sheet music 3 00 
 
 Constitutions 10 0) 
 
 Rent of Hall 10 00 
 
 Rent of Uall 10 00 
 
 Supper (Harvest Feast) for Grange 10 CO 
 
 National Grange Seal 8 00 
 
 Expenses from Washington to Itasca, one month 
 
 enroute 120 30 
 
 P. O. Stamps 10 il 
 
 a.ee s. 
 
 January Manuals by Express 17 00 
 
 Seal for Secretary 8 00 
 
 February Manuals bj' Express 22 CO 
 
 Postage and Stationery 75 00 
 
 Pioneer Pi-lntlng Company 14 00 
 
 Donation to State Grange of Minnesota 25 00 
 
 42S 
 
TJic Expenditures. /1.2'j 
 
 ExPENDiTXTBKS— ConiimMed. 
 
 April Traveling expenses organizing in Minnesota 130 00 
 
 May Expenses lo and from Washington 130 00 
 
 Postage 10 9.J 
 
 Stationery 1 3j 
 
 C. A. Hall, salary l.j 03 
 
 June 100 copies of Pioneer 3 00 
 
 100 copies of Press. 5 09 
 
 Postage 10 70 
 
 Traveling expenses to State Grange SCO 
 
 Jul}- Letter-heads and Envelopes 6 ;0 
 
 Expenses to Kalniar Grange and back H 00 
 
 Cunningham k Mcintosh— Manuals 17 2.j 
 
 Traveling expenses to riowman Grange 3 30 
 
 4 copies of J\'. "ir. Chronicle ;;0 
 
 Postage 5 12 
 
 Expenses to MontlccUo 2 20 
 
 August Stationery G uO 
 
 Postage 7 T.j 
 
 September,. .Expenses to Freemont 21 '>} 
 
 Letter-heads and Envelopes 10 00 
 
 Traveling Expenses 21 So 
 
 Postage 7 uO 
 
 October Map of Iowa 1 00 
 
 Postage 4 O.J 
 
 New Manuals and office printing _ 15 00 
 
 O.H. Kelley on salary 41 50 
 
 Traveling expenses to Postville, Iowa, and interme- 
 diate points, 21 days C3 20 
 
 November. ..Stationery 2 70 
 
 Postage 8 13 
 
 Salary ;;for O. II. Kelley 50 50 
 
 December.. ..Manuals 7 5) 
 
 Traveling expenses St. Paul and Stillwater 10 00 
 
 Postage 2 61 
 
 O. H. Kelley on salary 27 39 
 
 Expenses in organizing — Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois 
 
 and Indiana 204 30 
 
 ■3.S7 O. 
 
 January Postage 1 50 
 
 Salary O. H. Kelley 28 50 
 
 Cunningham & Mcintosh, printers 15 CO 
 
 Hall Rent, Washington, D. C 2J 5J 
 
 Manuals, C. O. D 10 50 
 
 Supper for Deputies' Grange 10 CO 
 
 Traveling expenses— Indianapolis to Washington.... 40 20 
 
/f_28 Patrons of Iliisdandry. 
 
 EXPENDITUKES— Conimucd. 
 
 February Manuals- U 50 
 
 Salary O. H. Kelley 40 40 
 
 Postage 4 60 
 
 Manuals 13 95 
 
 Expenses 'Washington to Fredonla, New York, and 
 
 North Madison 37 50 
 
 Expenses North Madison, Cleveland and Chicago 67 00 
 
 March Manuals 5 00 
 
 Expenses from Chicago to Itasca 28 00 
 
 Postage 4 20 
 
 April Expenses to Hastings, Northfleld, and Owatonna 10 OO 
 
 Constitutions 11 50 
 
 Expenses to Dassell and Rockford 7 50 
 
 Postage stamps 14 10 
 
 May Expenses to Minneapolis 2 CO 
 
 " Monticello and Clearwater 6 00 
 
 Postage 3 61 
 
 June Manuals 20 GO 
 
 Record Book 1 1'> 
 
 Account Book 85 
 
 Half-ream cap paper 1 25 
 
 Ink, paper fasteners, mucilage 2 10 
 
 Manuals 12 00 
 
 Postage 3 30 
 
 OfBce table and drayage 10 00 
 
 July Postage stamps 1 50 
 
 Manuals 3 50 
 
 Expenses to Chicago, with State Grange, and return 
 
 trip, three weeks 116 00 
 
 Wm. Saunders (Stockton, Tennessee, fee) 15 00 
 
 Expenses State Grange of Minnesota 10 80 
 
 Stationery 5 0) 
 
 Postage 2 23 
 
 August Manuals and Song Books 2 00 
 
 Postage 6 41 
 
 September...Song Books 50 
 
 Circulars 3 00 
 
 Expressage 25 
 
 Postage 3 30 
 
 Expense of trip to St. Louis, DesMoines, Chicago, 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Waukon, etc., seven weeks 206 50 
 
 John X. Davidson, printing 102 75 
 
 October Expressage 2 75 
 
 Song Books 5 00 
 
 Registered letter to Washington 81 
 
 McKinstry & Son, printing 12 25 
 
 Postage. 5 CO 
 
Tlic Expenditures. /}.2g 
 
 ExPENDiTUKES— Coji^inued. 
 
 Novembor... Blanks 23 50 
 
 Piistage 6 02 
 
 December.. ..Miinualsaud Song Books.....*. 03 
 
 Postage 7 Vt 
 
 Blanks 3 CO 
 
 Envelopes 1 7") 
 
 riiiUlng 10 03 
 
 O. H. Kelley on salary (moving from Itasca to Wash- 
 ington) 240 00 
 
 O. II. Kcl ley, traveling expenses Of) 00 
 
 "W. W. Corbett 15 00 
 
 The above shows the items as recorded on the Cash Book; the bal- 
 ance wo will condense, to save room. 
 
 January Postage 10 00 
 
 Printing CO U 
 
 Stationery W 00 
 
 O. I-I. Kelley, salary 9 00 
 
 February Postage U 00 
 
 Stationery 13 00 
 
 Deputy 7 00 
 
 E.xpressage 3 00 
 
 O. n. Kelley 90 15 
 
 Printing HO .W 
 
 March O. H. Kelley, salary Vl'> 00 
 
 D. S. Curtiss, Deputy 12 00 
 
 Binding 10 CO 
 
 Eegalia 4 7"i 
 
 Printing 100 ."', 
 
 E.xpressage 5 Cj 
 
 Postage "1 oO 
 
 Stationery 10 2') 
 
 April O. H. Kelley, salary 100 CO 
 
 Printing 5.i .jO 
 
 Stationery 3 CO 
 
 Postage 10 ru 
 
 May Binding IS /; ) 
 
 Printing S.l ( 1 
 
 Regalia 4 2> 
 
 Expressage 1 ; j 
 
 Stationery II .:1 
 
 June Postage 20 .'3 
 
 Stationery 3 2) 
 
 Printing 33 20 
 
 O. H. Kelley, salary GIJ C3 
 
 Binding 20 CO 
 
4-30 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 EXPENDITUHES— CoTrfinued. 
 
 June Regalia 4 70 
 
 Returned fees to Capital Grange, Iowa 15 00 
 
 Express 60 
 
 July Postage 6 87 
 
 Stationery 1 OS 
 
 Songs 5 76 
 
 Printing 27 oO 
 
 Expressage 70 
 
 Rents for seven mouths 175 00 
 
 August.- Expressage 5 00 
 
 Printing 6 00 
 
 Stationery 1 00 
 
 Postage 6 65 
 
 September., Stationery 1 45 
 
 Postage 15 00 
 
 Binding 5 00 
 
 Printing 30 OT 
 
 October Stationery 1 15 
 
 Printing 3 50 
 
 Binding 6 00 
 
 Express V> 75 
 
 Postage 9 96 
 
 November.-.Blnding 6 00 
 
 Postage 6 82 
 
 Rent for four months 100 00 
 
 O II. Kelley, salary 97 IS 
 
 December... Stationery 1 95 
 
 Express 1 75 
 
 Binding 12 00 
 
 Traveling expenses in New England States, O. U.K. .170 00 
 
 Postage 14 :)9 
 
 200 copies Rural Carolinian .W 00 
 
 O. H. Kelley, raonej' advanced 198 SO 
 
 RECEIPTS 
 From 1868 to 1871 Inclusive $1941 75 
 
 EXPENDITURES 
 From 1868 to 1871 Inclusive $4914 75 
 
 Ammmt^ advanced hy Individuals. 
 
 O. H. Kelley - $198 SO 
 
 Wm. Saunders 104 90 
 
 Wm. M. Ireland 26 5.5 
 
 Doctor J. R. Trimble 5 OO 
 
 F. M. McDowell 60 00 
 
 Thomas B. Ilryan 659 00 
 
 George II. Illnclcley 30 00 
 
 Sam. E. A la:iis 40 00 
 
 *114,5 25 
 
LIST OF DEPUTIES. 
 
 The following is a List of Doputips who have served in their 
 respective States, and the number of Granges each one organized 
 up to the time this list was made out — January, 187o. In some 
 of llie States, Masters of Subordinate Granges have had anlhori- 
 ty to organize. Tliese are the men who have done the mission- 
 ary worlv and whose labors have built most of the Order. There 
 are many, no doubt, who have done good service, and whose 
 names have not yet been recorded in as bright colors as they are 
 entitled. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 N\ ATTT ^o- of Granges 
 jijlt. Orgauiiiil. 
 
 A. n. Brassel IJ 
 
 W. .7 Burden 4 
 
 V. \^ Bates 1 
 
 F. J. Cook 5 
 
 M. F. Cook 1 
 
 F. R Fret^man 1 
 
 \V. .S. Gordon 06 
 
 B. A. Hudgins 11 
 
 A. K. Hamilton ^ 
 
 A. L. Harrington... 7 
 
 S. I. Harrington is 
 
 W. B. Jone.s lul 
 
 Goo. D. Jolinston... fi3 
 
 W. C. Menefee 63 
 
 W. B. Martin 4 
 
 J. C. Moore 3 
 
 R. 1). Powell 9 
 
 B. P Pootls 1 I 
 
 John Pratt 3 ■ 
 
 J. J. Koacli ei i 
 
 J. R. Rogers 2 , 
 
 E. M. Law 78 i 
 
 R. A. Smith 12 
 
 H. A. Swasey 3 i 
 
 T. T. Smith 1 
 
 S. S. Scott 4 
 
 A. G. Simpson 1 
 
 M.B.Taylor 12 
 
 W. B. Tenney 1 j 
 
 J. A. Jones 1 
 
 S. P. MeClellan 1 i 
 
 J. B. MeLanrin 2 \ 
 
 Rufus Wallace 1 
 
 W. C. Zimmerjuan 19 i 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 WAAfP No. ofOrmgcg 
 l^AMr.. Organ licd. 
 
 AV. F. Avery 7 
 
 T. P. Boone 1 
 
 .1. E. Borden 12 
 
 J. B. Bezzo 7 
 
 K. IJ. Boyd 42 
 
 .S. Home H 
 
 S. P. nugiie.s 3 
 
 E. L. Beard 3 
 
 J. M. Brown 3 
 
 P. H. Benton 5 
 
 J. t>. Browning 12 
 
 J. A. C. Bingliam... 1 
 
 ,1. N. .Vnnis 1 
 
 W.R. Carter 6 
 
 G. U. Clerr.ent.s 1 
 
 G. G. Curlin 1 
 
 M. S. Douglas 15 
 
 G. W. D.iniels 5 
 
 J. S. Gray 18 
 
 R. S. Hvnes 31 
 
 B.J. Hogg is 
 
 VV. T. Hays 10 
 
 J. ¥.. Hargrove 1 
 
 H. T. Hawkins 1 
 
 T. J. Julian 4 
 
 H. M. Jacoway 3 
 
 Jno. T. Jones 10 
 
 M L Locke 19 
 
 B. H. Malone 3 
 
 W. I... Moore 10 
 
 A.D. Mattiiews 4 
 
 A \V. McPherson.. 10 
 
 h. B. Mitchell 1 
 
 Alfred Moss 8 
 
 NAME. 
 
 No. or Granges 
 OryaoizeJ 
 
 G. L. Massey t> 
 
 (i. W McCaulej- 1 
 
 M. .M. Norris 6 
 
 E.H.Owens 7 
 
 J. IVI. Parrot 2 
 
 N. B. Pearce 3-; 
 
 J. H. l*almer 3 
 
 W. H. C. Reid 1 
 
 H. B. Rawles 3 
 
 H H. Ruiiel 2 
 
 J. P. Saughter 2 
 
 J. B. Saunders 2(1 
 
 .M. A. Townsend 1 
 
 G. F. Thompson 3 
 
 C. E ToDey '■> 
 
 N. n. Thewitt 2 
 
 J. M. Steel 1") 
 
 E. It. Sliipman 7 
 
 T. H. Turner 2 
 
 I. H. Hunter 7 
 
 J. M. Richard 3 
 
 A. J. Vauglian 17 
 
 M. W. Vance 2.5 
 
 .]. W. Williams 1 
 
 H. F. Wickcrsham 12 
 
 J. F. Wilson 7 
 
 T. S. Young 1 
 
 B.D.Johnson (> 
 
 H. Wilson 1 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 O.L.Abbott 1 
 
 W. S. Babcoek I 
 
 W. H. Baxter -".2 
 
 Jas. A. Clark 1 
 
 4:11 
 
Patrons of Husbandly. 
 
 CALIFORNIA— Cont'd. 
 
 G. W. Ccilbv 2 
 
 (j. \V. Ij.ivis 3 
 
 E. G. ])-an 3 
 
 J. 1) Foulur 3 
 
 N. \V. Gunetson 4 
 
 J. J. Hicock 32 
 
 G. W. Huiinmi^y o 
 
 J. \[. llaiiiilton -J 
 
 J. H. H.'Ljler 5 
 
 11. C. Haile 3 
 
 T. A. G.a-ey If) 
 
 W. M. Jiicksoii 7 
 
 H.B. Jolly J 
 
 T. H. Muriy Ki 
 
 A. J. MotUersead... 2 
 
 A.D. NelliPi- 1 
 
 .J. U. SpcQcer 4 
 
 \\. S. Maiilove lU 
 
 W. M. Thorp 5 
 
 T. H. Wvatt 1 
 
 J. W A WngUt 40 
 
 M. Wilson 4 
 
 K. B. Stiles 5 
 
 B. V. Wt-eks 3 
 
 Andrew Worth 1 
 
 J. D. Speueer 1 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 G. H. Newton 3 
 
 :. L. Back 1 
 
 CANADA. 
 Eben Thompson 9 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 \V. H. Walker G 
 
 ,1. JI. Barr 1 
 
 J. M. Hamilton 7 
 
 John Cochran 1 
 
 ISaiuuel Robbius 1 
 
 DAKOTA TERRITORY. 
 
 H. L.Terry 22 
 
 X\ H. Fritts 1 
 
 O. T. Jones 21 
 
 J. Sargent 1 
 
 W. Robertson 2 
 
 J. Gabon 2 
 
 K. B. Crew 2 
 
 (,'. Northup 1 
 
 Samuel Partridge... 2 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 D. H. Jacques G 
 
 P. A. McGriff. 2 
 
 Thomas A. Corruth 20 
 
 Wm. H. Wilson 48 
 
 IJ. F. Wardlow 27 
 
 H. W. Long 1 
 
 Robert Bullock 1(1 
 
 M. A. Clouts ."> 
 
 W. McDaniels 1 
 
 GEORGIA. I 
 
 G. W. Adams SS ' 
 
 Rev. C. W. Howard Do [ 
 
 J. S. LiLLVender S 
 
 P. A. .McGriU; ,-) 
 
 C. M Davis 3 
 
 L. J-'. Livingston 7 
 
 T. li. King ti 
 
 [SiiljtiriJirKiio Masii^rs were 
 fnr a liiiiL' aiiLhnn/.oil tn or;?an- 
 izu in thi.-. Statu, and were uot 
 recurded as IJiipuLics.] 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 O. H. Kellev 3 
 
 J. H. Uakwood 2 
 
 J. Wilkinson 4 
 
 A. Golder IS 
 
 E. V. Lapham 9 
 
 A. Woodloid 15 
 
 S. J. Baird 1 
 
 D. N. l-'oster 17 
 
 H. P. Garrison 4 
 
 J. C. Abbott ti 
 
 Austin Morse 1 
 
 C. L. Turnpleton 1 
 
 O. E. Fanning 1 
 
 W. W. Tillon 4 
 
 J. T, Graham 1 
 
 E. Hinze 1 
 
 N. K. Eastman 2 
 
 J. K. Mack « 
 
 D. W. Dane 3 
 
 John Downen 31 
 
 Lot! Robb 1 
 
 George C- Walker.. 3 
 
 Frank Cashing 27 
 
 R. M. Gib.son 2 
 
 G. W. King 19 
 
 E.R. Sutton 1 
 
 E. W. Downer 21 
 
 J. Hinman 1.5 
 
 .lohu Bird 15 
 
 J. S. Hock U 
 
 E. Noble 21 
 
 P. H.Harris .S 
 
 C, W. Sanders 3 
 
 C. Myers 34 
 
 "H. V. Rowe 25 
 
 J. B. Garvin Ki 
 
 E. Whittleton 17 
 
 D.D.Pierce 9 
 
 J. D. Wallis 35 
 
 G. W. Kelthley .5 
 
 A. B. UcKnier 23 
 
 R. A. Langdon 2 
 
 Geo. Hcllierington 15 
 
 A. S. Blakesloe 13 
 
 J.N.Rankin 2 
 
 George Ball iO 
 
 O. P. Myers G 
 
 E. D. Adams 2 
 
 R. D. Paris K 
 
 Jann'S W. Rigg 23 
 
 W. T. Black U 
 
 J. W. Massey 2 
 
 .John Small wood.... J 2 
 
 James H. Lee 4 
 
 Jacob Butz I 
 
 J. C. Fisher 3 
 
 R. M Hood 8 
 
 E. S, Peabody 11 
 
 D. D. Tobey 17 
 
 J. H. Palmer 4 
 
 Boone Barton 7 
 
 E. S. Sale 1 
 
 James M. Morse 19 
 
 C. E. Barney 13 
 
 G. W. Patten 24 
 
 A.B.Apple 8 
 
 F. M. Price 27 
 
 J. C. Swatsley 1 
 
 S.J. Frew 34 
 
 C. H. Bennet 9 
 
 Thomas Ellis 12 
 
 J. M. W. Moore 9 
 
 C. Downing 17 
 
 A. E. Sw.ap 10 
 
 M. B. Porter 19 
 
 M. A. Pratt 3 
 
 Joseph McLain IS 
 
 R.C.Kile 7 
 
 F. C. Hitchings 14 
 
 G. N. Kerr 9 
 
 G. W. Irwin 17 
 
 Ellas Gibbs 6 
 
 John Adams 7 
 
 A. H. Dolton 2 
 
 P. L. Myers 10 
 
 J. R. Herring 1 
 
 V. H.Porter 21 
 
 H. N. Ingersoll 8 
 
 R. G. Rider 13 
 
 Z. Ciok 2 
 
 J. H. Campbell 8 
 
 Wilson Pottinger... 7 
 
 .lolin Swiiney 3 
 
 .Toseph Burdctt 11 
 
 John McConnel 24 
 
 W. H. Laugston.... 7 
 
 J. F Randolph 23 
 
 A.W.Bali 2 
 
 David Neal 1 
 
 W. C. Smoot 12 
 
 J. F. Lafferty 40 
 
 M. H. Bisby... 8 
 
 A. J. Burbank S 
 
 Joseph Brown 14 
 
 W. Barret 1 
 
 A. P. Forsyth 33 
 
 Valentine Hicks G 
 
 W. A. Judd 4 
 
 Sylvester. Scott 13 
 
 J. Brainard 3 
 
 Charles Musson .12 
 
 S. Doteii 11 
 
 G.W.Miller Jil 
 
 M. M. Clothier 2 
 
 L.D. Couch 14 
 
 P.P. Beach (i 
 
List of Deputies. 
 
 433 
 
 ILLINOIS— Continued. 
 
 W. P. Parker 4 
 
 John Cniggs 14 
 
 Wm. Vau Alien 6 
 
 J.ll. Klapp 7 
 
 W. C. Trolt 17 
 
 W.H.Il. Holdrldge 8 
 
 J. M. Abbott 5 
 
 Robeit I aldwell 3 
 
 A. J, Batterton 10 
 
 1 1. C. Hostetler 7 
 
 W. M. Ray 20 
 
 K. C. I'nivert 7 
 
 L. R. Morse 3 
 
 S.R. Holler 2 
 
 .loliii Hawkins 2 
 
 ]J. K. Green 3 
 
 V. P. Richards 7 
 
 J. H. Pollock 6 
 
 G. U. Quigley 2 
 
 B. I. Van Court K 
 
 J. C Kabbs 7 
 
 U. H. Phelps 2 
 
 A. Slmrtliff. 3 
 
 A. B. Minerly 3 
 
 F. O. Caldwell 1 
 
 I'restou Bell 1 
 
 W. H. Joseph (i 
 
 W. K. Sharp 3 
 
 A. ^V. Anderson 1 
 
 A. Van I)alen 5 
 
 C. M. Sargent 6 
 
 J.B. Blakely 2 
 
 J. S. Armstrong.... 3 
 
 K.Kiel 1 
 
 M. K. Hammond... 2 
 
 Daniel Teeter 3 
 
 S P. Tufts 6 
 
 M. K. Busick 7 
 
 Charles Felton 7 
 
 Samuel Tafty 1 
 
 K. iM. Whitzell 6 
 
 Henry Kramer 8 
 
 A. o. Campbell 1 
 
 G. \V Mandevllle.. S 
 I), (i. A. Railsback 3 
 
 S.'itnuel Engant 4 
 
 H. C. Rli.ss 1 
 
 H. Winard 4 
 
 T. W.Buell 1 
 
 A. N. Harris 1 
 
 F. Groff. 1 
 
 A. Barker 1 
 
 Frank Brown 4 
 
 John Edmunds 2 
 
 AV. .1. Suit 3 
 
 Henry Lewis 1 
 
 J. G. Scott 2 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 O. n. Kelley 2 
 
 T. Keene 24 
 
 O. Dinwiddle 7 
 
 J. S. Graham 43 
 
 28 
 
 G. Tj. Lowe 7 
 
 A. Poor JO 
 
 James Yoanian li 
 
 J. H. Wyalt 1 
 
 C. W. Clifton 2.3 
 
 T. W. Harris 1 
 
 O. A. Vorce 1 
 
 A. Lansing K 
 
 L. D. Krwiu 11 
 
 J. N. Uoss 7 
 
 EnoK Willcott 2 
 
 J. J. W. Biliing.slj'.. 49 
 
 C. L. Templeton A 
 
 C. W.Uavis 4 
 
 R. .lohnson 1 
 
 J.G.Kingsbury 411 
 
 J. G. Culp 21 
 
 J. W. Julian 10 
 
 [!. Applewhite 2J 
 
 s. H. Pierce 33 
 
 iM. L.Troul 21 
 
 fl.M. Curry 30 
 
 W. H. Shearer 51 
 
 James Comstock.... 22 
 
 L. J. Hickman 21 
 
 J. W. Hudson 6 
 
 Benjamin Hams... 1 
 
 S. Bragnnier 31 
 
 Henry Gear 3S 
 
 T. W. Reese 2,S 
 
 J. A. Q. Newson 40 
 
 R. Sanders 5 
 
 \V. G. Lewis 07 
 
 A. L. Reichardson 10 
 Thomas Unsworth 2 
 
 James Emerson \.\ 
 
 Henly James 03 
 
 J. W. Ball 20 
 
 B. F. Moore 9 
 
 K. Ferguson 17 
 
 ?:. T. Babb 20 
 
 V, Caillat 17 
 
 H. .1. Shafer 8 
 
 Wm. Collet 21 
 
 F. C. Phillip.s 33 
 
 F. (J. Johnson 42 
 
 J.H. Brown 10 
 
 R. C. Sawdon 20 
 
 O. U.Custer 29 
 
 J. J. Coombs ,31 
 
 R. M. Hazielett 47 
 
 C. C. Post 4 
 
 J.N.Miller 13 
 
 D. Tranbarger 11 
 
 D. Wilkes 18 
 
 Percy Rons 24 
 
 F. Galway 12 
 
 J. Beard 15 
 
 J. D. Fornshell 18 
 
 W. M. A. Kerby 31 
 
 W. S. Rowe 5 
 
 Alvin Crippen 14 
 
 P. Caldwell 21 
 
 J. Tliromburg 9 
 
 E. White 20 
 
 A. W. Cooke 19 
 
 A.Hatlleld 8 
 
 W. M. Moore 27 
 
 J. A. Mount 17 
 
 James staples 11 
 
 W. A. Chappcl 20 
 
 B. F'. Wisler 13 
 
 P.Barber 4 
 
 E. Thompson 21 
 
 .1 O'Brien 10 
 
 T. E. Pa.'.dock i) 
 
 J. F.Collins 17 
 
 L F. Clark 13 
 
 K. A. Oilman .3 
 
 W. VV^ H. Raper.-... 10 
 
 LavKl Loty 10 
 
 .lonas Votaw 17 
 
 W. P. Rees 2; 
 
 S. Davidson 13 
 
 J. P. Kuntz 
 
 Jacob Mutz 12 
 
 U. C. MoKinney 9 
 
 J. W. R.-im.son 1 
 
 D. W Kirkwood 4 
 
 C Walkup 2 
 
 B. F. Hnm 20 
 
 G. W^. Reeve .3 
 
 O. F. Holbrook 8 
 
 E.Brown 1 
 
 M. Waterman 8 
 
 D. K. Ridgway s 
 
 J. C. Clavpool 13 
 
 W. Clark .3 
 
 J.PPankey 8 
 
 A. .r. Pope 8 
 
 T.C.Bailey 2 
 
 P. Weesc G 
 
 J. B. Williams J.J 
 
 Wm. Bray 4 
 
 J King 5 
 
 J. C. Campbell 1 
 
 J. S. Greathonse 10 
 
 T. A.McNaught 7 
 
 J. G. Mayer 9 
 
 N. Craue 9 
 
 N. A. Glass 5 
 
 C. Welch 9 
 
 T. R. Stairs 2 
 
 A. W. Slewarl 11 
 
 S. P. Wnugfiner 8 
 
 G. T. Barney 4 
 
 P. l*erjgo 7 
 
 W.P. Strickl.aud 4 
 
 T. Stockhouse 18 
 
 James H. Cox 7 
 
 G. W. Neiharth 2 
 
 C. B Austin 1 
 
 Samuel 'J'. Wells. ... 5 
 
 W.M. Cochran 9 
 
 J. H J. Seirp 2 
 
 H. P. Slovens 1 
 
 J. H. Tavlor ,S 
 
 W. F. Moore 1 
 
 James Be Mots 
 
 J. M. Bilker 2 
 
4-34- 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 INDIANA— Continued. 
 
 J. L.Lynn 9 
 
 H.Allen 1 
 
 O. D. Crockett 2 
 
 B. P. Rice 2 
 
 \V. Jones 3 
 
 P. Kean 2 
 
 E. Saltmarsh 1 
 
 J. B Nees 2 
 
 II. C. Jackson 2 
 
 M. M. Moody I 
 
 T. B. Monroe 1 
 
 IDAHO TERRITORY. 
 
 George Hunter 2 
 
 Krank Shelton 12 
 
 H. H. Spalding I 
 
 IOWA. 
 O.H. Kelley i 
 
 C. Pauik i 
 
 W. J. Breckon 19 
 
 Z. Cook 2 
 
 W. D. Wilson 38 
 
 James L. Enos 8 
 
 Win. Anderson 1 
 
 J. D. Whitman 19 
 
 J.Bradley 13 
 
 W. F. Knowles 11 
 
 A. M. May 1 
 
 D W. Adams 3 
 
 J. C.Abbott 17 
 
 J. R. Powell 2 
 
 A. A. Davis 1 
 
 A. J. Johnston 3 
 
 W. L. Scott 22 
 
 A. B. Smedley 4 
 
 C. Brolliar 39 
 
 H. A. Durand 1 
 
 U. S. Blair ] 
 
 A. R. Dickey 8 
 
 J. T. Miller 34 
 
 J. Wilkinson 112 
 
 Jesse Pigot 25 
 
 JoelPagln 6 
 
 David High 15 
 
 Levi Hnbbell 6 
 
 D. A. Haywood 13 
 
 C. F. Clarkson 11 
 
 C. D. Beaman 4 
 
 W. R. Reynolds 5 
 
 E. J. Ohr 79 
 
 W. P. MeClnre 18 
 
 Silas Davis 34 
 
 E. «. Miller 15 
 
 Thomas Boot 2 
 
 PhiloLowry 6 
 
 Robert McCauU 75 
 
 J. M. Randel 58 
 
 H.T.Elliott 9 
 
 S. M. Hightower 5 
 
 Samuel De Con 22 
 
 J. W. McConnell... 9 
 E. M. Edwards 2i 
 
 Samuel Simson 37 
 
 E. Van Holen 1 
 
 C. H. Cooper 3.-> 
 
 J. W. Cummins 21 
 
 D. N. Cook 19 
 
 J. H. Milliman 13 
 
 Jesse Pearson 93 
 
 A. McKinney 1 
 
 P. G. Bonewilz 2i 
 
 A. F. Tickenor 2 
 
 H. A. Humphreys.. 7 
 
 I. O. Harris IG 
 
 H. J. Williamson.. 2 
 
 D. W. Randolph 3 
 
 W. Wingate 12 
 
 H. A. Agens 4 
 
 N. W. Garretson... 37 
 
 J. A. T.Bates 11 
 
 Walter Ozler 1 
 
 A. Failor 38 
 
 H. L. Childs 26 
 
 J. P. Cox 2 
 
 J. H. Norton. IG 
 
 J. W. Scott 11 
 
 E. S. Hagamau 4 
 
 C. D. Con well 5 
 
 D. W. Prindle 35 
 
 Jacob Hart 82 
 
 D. E. Sweet 10 
 
 W. W. Tilton 1 
 
 R. Swisher 1 
 
 J. M. Walker 8 
 
 E. Gallup 21 
 
 James Porter 1 
 
 W. P. Carrman 1 
 
 James McDaniels.. 18 
 
 W. B. Butler 7 
 
 Nelson Rogers 14 
 
 James M. Cook 9 
 
 Daniel Pickens 3.i 
 
 J. S. Ackley IG 
 
 E. R. Shankland... 2 
 W. C. Blackstone... 12 
 
 S. G. Sehorn 12 
 
 Wm. Blain LO 
 
 Spencer Day 9 
 
 W. F. Jones 25 
 
 B. R. Baker 1 
 
 Thomas L. McVey.. 1 
 
 W.R.Camp 4 
 
 D. M. Valentine 3 
 
 P. Ellerbrook 2 
 
 Wm. Cory 1 
 
 M. Tuttle 1 
 
 T. J. McPhersey 1 
 
 J. A. Whiting 1 
 
 Allen Andrew 2 
 
 D. W. Weeman I 
 
 .Tames Lemon 2 
 
 F. I. Schanger 1 
 
 ,L E. Fairchlld 8 
 
 J. F. Glover 1 
 
 R. B. Smith 1 
 
 A. R. Beats 2 
 
 II. P. Bell 1 
 
 W. Allen 1 
 
 D. W. Inman 1 
 
 H. Miner 1 
 
 W. B. Brown 1 
 
 We.slev Homan 5 
 
 C. W. Gould IG 
 
 R. R. Harbour 19 
 
 J. C. Spooner 18 
 
 T.J. Garnett 9 
 
 II. Dwire 10 
 
 J. G. H. Little 8 
 
 Wm. Cobb 10 
 
 W. W.Boak 7 
 
 Jnn'a. Thatcher 15 
 
 W.O.Curtis 15 
 
 J. W. Tilden 15 
 
 L. D, Lane G 
 
 J.N. Millen 15 
 
 John M.Fitzgerald 8 
 
 G.H.Jones 5 
 
 Robert S. Wherry.. 
 
 H.A.Pierce 4 
 
 Cyrus Abel 12 
 
 R.R. Paine 5 
 
 S. C. Vance G 
 
 A. S. Rice 1 
 
 Robert Hope 3 
 
 Wm. McLcod 8 
 
 L. D. Hotchkiss 2:1 
 
 K. W. F'lllerton.... 2 
 
 W. L. King 9 
 
 T. J. Beers 4 
 
 James Underwood. 2 
 
 A. J. Beall 5 
 
 L.S. Axtell 6 
 
 Thomas Walker 5 
 
 H. H. Creighton 2 
 
 PL D. Wood 5 
 
 John Fern 7 
 
 T. s. Mapel 1 
 
 E. Tre.icott 10 
 
 T. E. Wrii-ht 4 
 
 Warren White 4 
 
 J. A. Plerson 14 
 
 J.W. Pinckney 1 
 
 C. S. Woodin G 
 
 James Morrison.... 2 
 
 A. C. Barrick 2 
 
 Wm. Asbary 4 
 
 O.H. Qnlnt 1 
 
 James Plielan 1 
 
 F. M. Robinson 3 
 
 J. E. Blackford 7 
 
 Geo. McCaughey.... 3 
 
 D. B. Clark G 
 
 H. T. Ogden I 
 
 S. G. Kendall 2 
 
 C. Christy 3 
 
 J. B. McDermott.... 3 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Joshua Ball 5 
 
 F. H. Dumbauld .34 
 
 J.J. Kipp 41 
 
 C. E. Frear 3 
 
List of Deputies 
 
 435 
 
 KANSAS-Contmued. 
 
 A. Byers 
 
 K. H. Cnx 
 
 H. n. An^'ell 
 
 George Spurgeon... 
 
 J. A. Cramer 
 
 John Nelson 
 
 W. S. Hanna 
 
 T. E. Tuber 
 
 A. Palmer 
 
 It. H. Stone 
 
 Tlios. W. Peacock.. 
 
 S. U. Shirley 
 
 .T. .1. SItton 
 
 Z. Meredith 
 
 I. C. Cuppy 
 
 D. B. Welding 
 
 .1. F. McDowell 
 
 U. A. Johnston 
 
 t.;iiarles \V. Baker. 
 
 K. A. J-Iodge 
 
 J. N. Iii.'iley 
 
 I. J. Frlsbie 
 
 C). M. Milliard 
 
 John G.Otis 
 
 J. W. Brooks 
 
 II. Parinenter 
 
 K. D. .Smith 
 
 J. 1). Wait 
 
 (i. M. Summerville 
 
 W. P. Popenoe 
 
 Ij. II. Pittsbury 
 
 ]•'. C llerron 
 
 \V. S. Mathews 
 
 .1. U. Werden 
 
 J. M. Limbocker... 
 
 Peter Brandon 
 
 Peter Caldwell 
 
 J. L. Zimmerman.. 
 
 E. P. Pomeroy 
 
 J. F. Bieketts 
 
 J. L. Blair 
 
 B. H. Bradshaw 
 
 Eugene DeBurn 
 
 A. J. McKee 
 
 R. F. Kinnerly 
 
 A. Ellis 
 
 A. N. Case 
 
 T. D. Wilson 
 
 A. M. Chase 
 
 N. M. Morgan 
 
 H. C. Babcock 
 
 Thomas Donnell... 
 R. S. Osborne 
 
 B. L. Beebe 
 
 John Boyd 
 
 W. D. Covington... 
 
 J. H. Bradd 
 
 G. F. Card 
 
 G. N. Nichols 
 
 G. S. White 
 
 M. E. Hudson 
 
 W. H. Fletcher 
 
 C. B. Spalding 
 
 H. C. Cook 
 
 I S. B. Monroe 6 
 
 J. G. McClimont... 2 
 
 W. H. Litson 4 
 
 W. \V. Cone 4 
 
 J. C. Pinney 3 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 T. B. Jones 23 
 
 A. J. D. Thurston.. 1.5 
 
 E. W. Downer 88 
 
 S.H.Ellis 1 
 
 Thomas J. Keys 5(i 
 
 "W. W. Langley 4 
 
 S. D. Compton 22 
 
 J. F.Davis 6.J 
 
 G. B. Snyder 24 
 
 H. T. Priest 30 
 
 T. S. Broughton 51 
 
 J. F. Herndon 38 
 
 J. R. Earle 48 
 
 J. W. Wright 39 
 
 M. D. Davis 3 
 
 J. D. Graves 8 
 
 H. W. Sutton 1 
 
 W. U. Lightfoot 32 
 
 J. B. Key 21 
 
 J. L. Henry 53 
 
 W. J. Davie So 
 
 T. J. nicks 15 
 
 M. L. Killebrew 7 
 
 R.J.Hopkins 15 
 
 I. B. Nail 26 
 
 T. M. Jones 9 
 
 W. F. Coppage 15 
 
 W. W. Taylor 2 
 
 R. H. Hord 67 
 
 J. D. Manning 14 
 
 E. F. Craig 8 
 
 E. L. McLain 11 
 
 L. B. Ware 4 
 
 J. P. Shaw 6 
 
 J. C. Spnngfleld 4 
 
 A. Smith „.. 8 
 
 Reed Hughes So 
 
 J. T. House 2 
 
 S. W. Clark 37 
 
 I. N. Sweetman 52 
 
 L. L. Davie 40 
 
 P. B. Sheppard 13 
 
 J. B. Robinson 25 
 
 J. L. Neal 18 
 
 J. F. Locust 1 
 
 A. F. Williams 56 
 
 J. M. Blades 1 
 
 I. M. Rogers 10 
 
 A. Liter l--> 
 
 G. W. Zeager 1 
 
 W. C. Montgomery 9 
 
 J. A. Clark 23 
 
 T. W. Hardy 17 
 
 S. T. Morehead 2 
 
 S. Hodge 13 
 
 R. D. Smith 4 
 
 J. E.Price 44 
 
 J. H. McChesney... 4 
 
 L. A. Downer 11 
 
 Win. Brown 19 
 
 Vance Smitli 14 
 
 J. R. Hogg 2 
 
 E. H. Arnold 2 
 
 Thomas Seward 3 
 
 M. Etnbrey 6 
 
 W. W. Bowling 2 
 
 W.D. Murrah 20 
 
 E. C. Sublett 3 
 
 B. T. Taylor 9 
 
 H. Cockrel 1 
 
 J. G. Carter 8 
 
 J. S. Young 1 
 
 J. S. Collins 4 
 
 W.J. J. Nash 2 
 
 B. Wright 
 
 W. W. Bernard 5 
 
 T. M. Hammock 2 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Dr. D. L. Pliares 7 
 
 E. G. Wall 1 
 
 James D. Wylie.... 1 
 
 W. H. L. Lewis 35 
 
 Joe. H. Jordau 21 
 
 R.E. Ambrose 4 
 
 D. Dennitt 16 
 
 W. G. Stovalo 5 
 
 J. W. Haynes 5 
 
 H. A. Denklns 9 
 
 J. W. Nicliolson 2 
 
 U. Desouge 6 
 
 Allen Barksdale 10 
 
 O. M. Lee 8 
 
 G. T. Ventrlss 9 
 
 J. 8. Gardner 5 
 
 G. P. S. Thompson 1 
 
 J. H. Hyson 8 
 
 S. P. DeBois 2 
 
 A. L. Hundley .. . 22 
 
 George Camble 5 
 
 8. A. Baillio 5 
 
 J. J. Clou 2 
 
 Wm. Akers 2 
 
 M. M. Smith 3 
 
 D. C. Morgan 3 
 
 H. A. Swasey 2 
 
 J. W. Odum 6 
 
 W. H. Harris 3 
 
 G. W. McCormlck.. 1 
 
 H. R. Lott 2 
 
 T. R. Vaughan 2 
 
 W.H. Cunningham 2 
 
 J. P. Payne 5 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 E. M. .Tones 1 
 
 B. W. Swpct 11 
 
 J. C.Abbott 8 
 
 Thomas Buekhout 6 
 
 Perry Curtiss 2-'l 
 
 T. A. Thompson 7 
 
 C. L. King 169 
 
43(> 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 MICHIGAN— Continued. 
 
 S. P. Erown 7 
 
 ('. IJonfocoy 4 
 
 ]j. Dancnu 2 
 
 .loscDli Gilman 11 
 
 Uiiniol Ciiliill 1(1 
 
 «:. L, Wliitncy 108 
 
 C. JI. Wood il 
 
 K. Ireland 10 
 
 .1. T. Coljl) 4 
 
 (iuorgn liiiycc 4 
 
 J. ^. Tiiomns 1 
 
 II. II. Uruetoii 9 
 
 1-. .V.ytronir o 
 
 W. iM. Cooper 5 
 
 J, M. Ncasiiiith 1 
 
 G. W. Wanakcr 4 
 
 K. .1 Iloilijes 5 
 
 A. M. l-'ilch 2 
 
 A. C. Lawrence 1 
 
 L.U.Brown 31 
 
 A. H. Vorliees 2 
 
 J. M. Green « 
 
 J. J. Woodman 2 
 
 .lohn Stnble 2 
 
 H. Moore 8 
 
 .1. R. Johnson 4 
 
 P. W. Adams 3 
 
 .1. II. Alger 1 
 
 1*. Burton 1 
 
 K. Packard 5 
 
 .7. II. Beeby 1 
 
 AVm. Deyo 1 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 T. A. Thompson 3 
 
 r;. .7. Ohr 9 
 
 ,). M. Barr 8 
 
 .losepli T. Moore... 3 
 
 Ed. Hall of B 41 
 
 J. N. Chiswell 10 
 
 Joseph Barlow 7 
 
 Washingt'n Bowie 9 
 
 V. M. Frior 5 
 
 J. W. Knotts 11 
 
 T. Robey 4 
 
 J. H. Bodderston... 1 
 
 A. L Tavean 8 
 
 .1. B. Armstrong..... 3 
 T.ll. Shepherd 1 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 A. K. Walker 12 
 
 O. D. Hinckley 13 
 
 (ieorge Clements... 7 
 
 J. O. Keys 3 
 
 L. B. Dennett 7 
 
 .L S. Robbing 2 
 
 <•. H. CobI) 5 
 
 Xelson Hani 4 
 
 II. Little 1 
 
 P. E. Norton 1 
 
 D.avid Crockett 7 
 
 J. JI. J.iekson 1 
 
 (J. E. GUnian 3 
 
 MONTANA TER. 
 
 II. N. Sutherlm 23 
 
 John Underwood... 1 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Eben Thompson... 1 
 
 J. C. Abbott 21 
 
 George H. Newton. 5 
 George T. Barker.-, ti 
 
 H. C. Hurd 6 
 
 R. Lewis 1 
 
 C. W. B'elt 1 
 
 II. P. Robinson IS 
 
 Thad. Graves 4 
 
 A.J. Sawyer 1 
 
 James Draper 1 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 O. H. Kelley 20 
 
 A. B. Curry 1 
 
 R. D. Farnham 8 
 
 Wm. Paist 3 
 
 Rev. Z. Cook 18 
 
 W. R. Huntley. 1 
 
 C. J. Atwater 1 
 
 T. A. Tliompson 37 
 
 W. J.K.Clark 2 
 
 Robert J.Perry 1 
 
 W. A. Gray 2 
 
 J. H. Williams 2 
 
 J. A. Jackson 4 
 
 A. B. Sniedley 4 
 
 K. Iliggins 4 
 
 F. C. Robinson 1 
 
 A. Grant 5 
 
 F. L. Hewitt 1 
 
 W. IL Lee 20 
 
 J. A. Mather 2 
 
 J. N. Graling 4 
 
 C. P. Nichols 9 
 
 T. C. Adams 1 
 
 D. R. Woodman 3 
 
 J. W. Richardson... 2 
 George McCollnm.. 2 
 
 J. D. Beeman 9 
 
 A. W. Fountain 1 
 
 D. E. .Sweet 2 
 
 R. B. Simmons H 
 
 S. E. Goodrich 3 
 
 A. J. Murphy 28 
 
 M. B. F>lt 2 
 
 Simon Tayior 3 
 
 Isaac Gallaher 2 
 
 W. R. Robinson 2 
 
 P. Smith 1 
 
 Thos. Featberston.. 4 
 
 F. A. Elder H 
 
 T. O. GraOy 2 
 
 George I. Parsons.. SO 
 
 C. H. Thompson 2 
 
 S. F. Wilklow 16 
 
 C. H. Hitchcock 1 
 
 Vhllo. Woodruff..... 10 
 P. McKouna. 1 
 
 E. G. Corastock 3 
 
 O.H.Page 1 
 
 J. \V. Benjamin 3 
 
 J. H. Dunham 10 
 
 J. F. Daniels 7 
 
 ,T. C. SLearns « 5 
 
 G. C. Chamberlin... 7 
 
 M. C. Fuller 5 
 
 A. B. Swain 6 
 
 M. !S. Webb 1 
 
 A. K.Vanderwiikcr 19 
 O. E. Huudull ;! 
 
 B. Abbott 8 
 
 J.T. Turber 3 
 
 Win. Sleight 10 
 
 J. H. Cunningham 2 
 
 J. O. Milne 8 
 
 Daniel T. Aiken 1 
 
 VV. S. Chowen 12 
 
 James C. Edson 4 
 
 H.S.Boyd 8 
 
 F. H. Russell 3 
 
 N. Webster 6 
 
 H. R. Mareyes 3 
 
 S. G. Canfield 2 
 
 Samuel Marsh 3 
 
 J. H. Thomas 2 
 
 E. D. French 5 
 
 S. Partridge 2 
 
 R. G. Murphy 2 
 
 H. W. Young 3 
 
 S.E.Adams 1 
 
 G. Sargent 1 
 
 E. P. Eddy. 2 
 
 L. G. Wood 1 
 
 W. V. King 2 
 
 S. F. Richardson... 1 
 
 E. R. Austin .5 
 
 N. M. Freeman 1 
 
 J.B. Gitchell 3 
 
 J. G. Ryder 2 
 
 E. Mclntire 3 
 
 N. S. Rigby 1 
 
 W. E. Hvatt 3 
 
 E. H. S. Dartt 1 
 
 N. Small i 
 
 O. E. Randall 1 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 W.J.Rhea. U 
 
 W. L. Williams ;;9 
 
 R. D. Powell 13 
 
 R. Powers 1 
 
 D. L. Pharcs. 3 
 
 A. J. Vaughan 22 
 
 E.G. Wall 57 
 
 R. Kirltpatrick 1 
 
 R. J. Lawrence 22 
 
 Perry MuUln 8 
 
 C. L. Ev.ans 23 
 
 J. T. McGoe 37 
 
 .T. A. NieLson 4 
 
 C. L. Alford 1 
 
 J. W. G. Maxey 13 
 
 M. C. Pequcs 10 
 
List of Deputies. 
 
 437 
 
 MISSISSIPPI— Cont'd. 
 Thomas E. Cannon 22 
 
 H. L. Holland 10 
 
 S. V. Eunis 2 
 
 B. S. Rushing 12 
 
 G. W. Bynum 6 
 
 J. Mallet U 
 
 E. D. Palmer 2G 
 
 J. H. Davenport... 2 
 
 J. H. Sharp 5 
 
 H. C.Dear 12 
 
 R. A. Dean 7 
 
 James Bryan 2 
 
 V. H. Fugate 14 
 
 A. S. Baugh H 
 
 G. VV. Gill 17 
 
 W. T. Robertson... 7 
 
 G. W. Smith 1 
 
 P. L. Dajlis 10 
 
 A. J. Liddell 14 
 
 A. R. Houdre 21 
 
 H. O. Dixon 4 
 
 "W. IIarn]it;[on 1 
 
 G. W. S. Vaniz 4 
 
 H. C. Lamar 1 
 
 J.J. Shaclvleford... 1 
 
 T. R. Gowan 1 
 
 J. G. McArthur 12 
 
 J. N. Parker 5 
 
 T. S. White 4 
 
 J.H.Allen .3 
 
 G. L. Donald 2 
 
 J. R. Galtnev 1 
 
 S. B. Woodruff. 1.3 
 
 C. Alford 4 
 
 M. We.st .3 
 
 J. M. Grafton 3 
 
 John Fuust 1 
 
 Tho.s. J. AUsworth. 1 
 
 J.H.Allen 4 
 
 E. T. Hudnall 11 
 
 W. W. Harvey .5 
 
 R. M. Martin 1 
 
 Thomas J. Aby 1 
 
 S. B. Gilbert 3 
 
 J. A. Galbreath 4 
 
 A. A. Stephens 6 
 
 Thomas E. Bugg... 2 
 
 W. F. Daniels 1 
 
 J. R. McLaurin 1 
 
 S. P. LoSette 5 
 
 0. H. Wix.son 3 
 
 J. G. Murry 1 
 
 J. H. Fiuld 3 
 
 J. L. Bramlitt 1 
 
 W. G. Morgan 5 
 
 J. T. McGinnis 1 
 
 C. Nettleville 3 
 
 D. N. Dunlap 9 
 
 C. McLaurin 2 
 
 W. \V. Tronp 8 
 
 C. H. Frith 2 
 
 J. H. Leigh 2 
 
 1. J. Dupree 3 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 O. H. Kelley 2 
 
 Ellis Sergent 5 
 
 Robert Dunn 2 
 
 E. J. Ohr 24 
 
 D. Wood 17 
 
 T. R. Allen S!J 
 
 C. Couard SI 
 
 J. M. Mitchell 72 
 
 M. Butterlield 51 
 
 J. R. Cordell 3.5 
 
 M. J. F. Leonard... 15 
 
 J. C. Gill 9 
 
 Daniel Pickens 1 
 
 t!;ainuel Paxton 4 
 
 H. B. Coffey 29 
 
 John Hornback 1 
 
 P. M. West 1 
 
 Daniel L. Hall 2« 
 
 J. M. Oldham 46 
 
 VV. M. Gates.. 4.i 
 
 J. M. Clark 42 
 
 O. H. P. Lear 6 
 
 Charles A. Wallace 32 
 
 A. J. Stewart 13 
 
 J. B. Hutton 64 
 
 H. M. Peterson 27 
 
 J. C. Bram 1 
 
 Wm. Muir 3 
 
 W. D. McDonald... 50 
 
 George Slick 13 
 
 James T. Thull 37 
 
 R. H. Willis 15 
 
 A. I. Zeigie 9 
 
 W. W. Braunin 10 
 
 R. Z. Fewell 17 
 
 Lewis Neale 16 
 
 M. B. Page 22 
 
 M. H. Burnett 13 
 
 1). K. Steele 12 
 
 E. Bray ton 40 
 
 Sam'l T. Kennedy.. 10 
 
 S. McWilliams 21 
 
 J. R. Cullers 23 
 
 T. W. Martin 12 
 
 H. Browning 17 
 
 H. W. Rubel S3 
 
 P. E. Gowdy 20 
 
 J. J. Hubbell 32 
 
 H. I. Dolson 6 
 
 .Tames SI. Miller... 11 
 
 A. A. Anderson 31 
 
 SethFarwell 10 
 
 H. H. Haley 13 
 
 Wm. F.Grubb 8 
 
 T.P.Cook 9 
 
 S. C. Mitchell 6 
 
 A. Maitland 22 
 
 T. G. Deathcrage... 22 
 
 G. W. Kinney 12 
 
 James Adkins 16 
 
 Aarou Haynes 12 
 
 D. F. Mitchell 21 
 
 H. F. Caldwell 17 
 
 Frank Adams 23 
 
 J. K. Kidd Jo 
 
 Thomas A. Wasli... lil 
 
 James C. Evans 10 
 
 A. H. Mlsseldine... 19 
 
 W. G. Nelson 29 
 
 M. G. Singleton 2.) 
 
 LB. Redd 11 
 
 G. B. D. Bernardo.. 37 
 
 J. W. Legg 3 
 
 Thomas H. Jones.. 10 
 
 J. W. Eldridge 12 
 
 J. J. Ilathekl 14 
 
 Henry Briuhl 8 
 
 H. G. Poe 10 
 
 John Ewing 7 
 
 M. J. Townley 3 
 
 W. M. (ilaves 10 
 
 T. B. Mui-phy 5 
 
 F.M. Dixon 3 
 
 H. Eshbangh 25 
 
 A. W. McPherson.. 19 
 
 Albert Newman 26 
 
 W. C. Headlee 13 
 
 James E. Payne 5 
 
 Wm.Newland 2 
 
 Wm. T. Hickman.. 11 
 Wm. T. Dale S 
 
 D. W. Robertson... 10 
 Thomas H. Boyd... 2 
 
 J. B. McGahon 2 
 
 T. H.Byrd 5 
 
 Robert Torrill 8 
 
 W. B Wright 9 
 
 A. Reeves 10 
 
 M. G. Stubblefield.. 1 
 
 Amos Riley 3 
 
 V. P. Kelley 11 
 
 J. F. Ramsey 8 
 
 T. B. Myers 6 
 
 James Branch 7 
 
 C. F. Shessard 4 
 
 Wm.Riehl 7 
 
 J. E. Furguson 5 
 
 S. M. Wayman 2 
 
 W. C. Downing 4 
 
 R. C. Newport 1 
 
 V. T. Morse 1 
 
 S. F. Galy 11 
 
 C. W. Fitch 2 
 
 G. M. Ramsora 5 
 
 N. J. Coleman 5 
 
 M. Cunningham... 2 
 
 W. A. Hoggsett 2 
 
 .Tames A. Smith 5 
 
 W. D. Poison 4 
 
 E. W. Gamble 4 
 
 George Frank 4 
 
 P'. Kiekel 7 
 
 P. W. Rudd 4 
 
 Wm. Cochran 2 
 
 W. A. Thornbaugh 5 
 
 W. W. Perkins 6 
 
 J. Q,. Johnson 4 
 
iss 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 MISSOURI— Continued. 
 
 W. R. Slack 2 
 
 Benjamin Bolt 1 
 
 T. B. Turnbaugh... 4 
 
 W. K. Uavenport.... 1 
 
 J. J. Nichols 1 
 
 George Paulding... 4 
 
 J. F. Jackson 2 
 
 E.G. Miller 2 
 
 J. T. Watson 1 
 
 K. W. Courtney 2 
 
 A. Bisplinghofl' 7 
 
 .lames Gillett 1 
 
 I \V. Pennington . 5 
 
 M. O. Tavlor 2 
 
 W. D. Bluys 3 
 
 W. (). Love 1 
 
 ,T. M. Allen 5 
 
 V/. P. Greenlee 1 
 
 O. F. ICirtley 1 
 
 H. .7. Granneman.. 1 
 
 D. P. Bycr 1 
 
 John Cameron 1 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 .T. H. Painter 16 
 
 W. D.Wilson 3 
 
 E. II. Noxun 48 
 
 .Tohn Dcvine 3 
 
 Wm.Mi-Caig 47 
 
 Wni. B. Poiter 21 
 
 W. W. Tilton 6 
 
 P. .1. Hall 1 
 
 T. P. Folsom 7 
 
 J. P. Locler 9 
 
 Joseph il^Clure 8 
 
 Win. C. Brown 9 
 
 S. P. Mobley 27 
 
 J. B. Elliott .<!1 
 
 R. I. Hart 14 
 
 Win. 1). Price 3.5 
 
 Wm. Bobb 12 
 
 J. A. Graves 17 
 
 .TaiTics S. Bobbins.. 2J 
 S. J. Geddes 27 
 
 E. P. Swalu 9 
 
 J. R. Lafler 1 
 
 W. P. Larsh 4 
 
 K. E. Farmer 3 
 
 N. A. Rliaw 25 
 
 D. T. Moore H 
 
 Wm. MeOlure 5 
 
 N. W. Plyinate 1.5 
 
 Thomas Brown 10 
 
 Wm. BInkelev 19 
 
 Wm. «. Randall 10 
 
 H. Marshall 10 
 
 F. M. Timblin 9 
 
 J. A. Beltzpr ,5 
 
 C. B. Sprasne 9 
 
 R. A. Kennedy 1 
 
 A.K.White 6 
 
 Frank Force 4 
 
 Charles Sang 11 
 
 A. D. Rust 2 
 
 Allen Root 4 
 
 B. F. Clay 1 
 
 R. S. Langley 9 
 
 C. E. Hanson 1 
 
 James Bolder 1 
 
 C. P. Dick 4 
 
 W. F. Richardson.. 6 
 
 G. A. Abbott 4 
 
 W. Bridge 3 
 
 S. H. Coats 6 
 
 J. T. Morris 8 
 
 S. G. Schooner 6 
 
 O.F.Brown 2 
 
 W. B. Stone 2 
 
 J. Humphreys 3 
 
 F. F. Warden 5 
 
 E. P. Swan 1 
 
 David McCarty 1 
 
 L. Clark 1 
 
 Wm. H. Berger 3 
 
 W. H. Baliman 2 
 
 Peter Harrison 1 
 
 D. H. Delano 3 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 J. M. Hamilton 4 
 
 A. J. Hatch 4 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 O. H. Kelley 1 
 
 G. W. Thompson... IS 
 
 J. C. Abbott 1 
 
 J. Wilkinson 10 
 
 Wm. Hancock 5 
 
 C. A. Ruion 6 
 
 J. M.Harris 5 
 
 .J.W.Dickinson 7 
 
 J. P. Stewart 2 
 
 A. M. llisdon 8 
 
 S. T. Miller 3 
 
 Charles Woodnut. 3 
 
 M. Whitehead fi 
 
 E. Howland 1 
 
 J. J. Broken 2 
 
 Daniel Wyker 3 
 
 R. W. Pratt 1 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Eben Thompson... 16 
 
 J. C. Abbott 1 
 
 0. C. Shaw 17 
 
 S. Clog.-iton 1 
 
 C. Rochemont 2 
 
 1). T. Chase 4 
 
 J. T. Hays 1 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 (). H. Kelle.T 1 
 
 G. D. Hinckley 1 
 
 C.PaulU 3 
 
 J. T. Corners 3 
 
 C. D. Beemau 5 
 
 L. FaltoR ..._ 9 
 
 J. C. Abbott 1 
 
 J. W. Tamblln 5 
 
 A. H. Hall 10 
 
 Robert Farley, Jr... 1 
 
 T. A. Thompson 2 
 
 A. St. Clair 2 
 
 A. W. Grippen 17 
 
 M. L. Graves 1 
 
 George Sprague 46 
 
 Jesse Lyon 2.5 
 
 Ira Porter 7 
 
 H. O. Butler 2 
 
 James H. Lee 10 
 
 W. G. Hitchcock... 3 
 
 S. R. Pratt 7 
 
 R. Eddie 1 
 
 E. W. Stewart 3 
 
 J. H. Babcock 1 
 
 J. Demmick 1 
 
 S. A. Street 9 
 
 J. W. Strang 2 
 
 S. Terry 9 
 
 L. A. Parmer 6 
 
 Wm. Savage 3 
 
 J. B. Vankirsen .5 
 
 Guy Shaw 3 
 
 Terry Hudson 11 
 
 J. A. Bartlett 5 
 
 A. S. Capcron 1 
 
 B. Weed 2 
 
 A. J. Sandus 6 
 
 P. P. Paddock 1 
 
 R. Willing 3 
 
 C. L. Tndd 2 
 
 Wm. Kinney .5 
 
 E. W. Watson 2 
 
 J. W. Goddcll 2 
 
 E. G. Southwick 2 
 
 M. B. Riggs 2 
 
 S.S.Gregory 14 
 
 BenJ.araln Golder... 1 
 
 Thomas Todd 1 
 
 Milton Rude 1 
 
 G. Bentry 1 
 
 R. K. Stone 3 
 
 W. A. Armstrong... 1 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 D.Wyatt Aiken.... 21 
 
 O. R. Jones U 
 
 E. C. Davidson 42 
 
 J. S. Long 71 
 
 G.W.Lawrence 3 
 
 J. W. Halu 1 
 
 E. W. Pon 2S 
 
 J. F. Askew 1 
 
 Jas. M. Means %\ 
 
 G. Z. French 
 
 W. F. Tliorn id 
 
 B. H. Bardin i 
 
 J. A. Williams 9 
 
 J. B. Smith 31 
 
 J. H, Myroser 3 
 
List of Deputies. 
 
 439 
 
 N. CAROLINA— Cont'd. 
 
 II. "VV. King 5 
 
 .1. C. McMLllen 24 
 
 T. H. Robinson 3(j 
 
 Wm.T. Wliipp 1 
 
 T. A. Thompson 2 
 
 N. A. Ramsey 12 
 
 J. K. Hufihes 
 
 C. T. Kornegay 3 
 
 K. H. L'annady 9 
 
 S. H. RoundLree 2 
 
 il. G. Flartger 7 
 
 A. .). Ellington 2 
 
 II. B. Esius 11 
 
 1>. A. Montgomery 3 
 
 il. Portrum 3 
 
 H. D. Robinson 4 
 
 W. U. Meares 10 
 
 G. W. Mathes 2 
 
 J.M. McKinnen 5 
 
 .7, R. Logan 1 
 
 "W. J. Teague 4 
 
 1). F. Mclver 3 
 
 G. W. I'liompson... 7 
 
 L. P. Erwin 2 
 
 M. .1. Hunt 4 
 
 Will. Merrllt 3 
 
 Pf vton Bi.ssett 1 
 
 I. L,. Williams 2 
 
 A. E. Powe 5 
 
 Jesse A. Cooper 2 
 
 P. C. Carlton 2 
 
 G.W. Newell 6 
 
 M. L, Harris 1 
 
 W. B. Clement 1 
 
 W, M. Kincaid 2 
 
 M. A. Bledsoe 1 
 
 M. T. Whitaker 1 
 
 Jesse S. Smith 1 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 Eben Thompson l.'i 
 
 Samuel J. ICelley... 1 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 O. H. Kelley 1 
 
 D. S. Curtiss 3 
 
 J. T. Miller 2 
 
 W. Stiers 10 
 
 S. H.Ellis 50 
 
 John Hennon 4 
 
 Henry McDowell... 31 
 
 T. A. Thompson 5 
 
 D. M. Stewart 14 
 
 L.H.Whitman 12 
 
 J. M. Stre-ssler 3 
 
 Simeon Moon 19 
 
 W. W. England 6 
 
 J. W. Murphy 2 
 
 Newton Rector 11 
 
 J. W. Oldaker 32 
 
 V. U. Stiers 14 
 
 C. Stev,'art 7 
 
 J. B. Robbins 27 
 
 W. H. Stokes .5 
 
 H. AV. Sutton 2i 
 
 Lewis Mease 15 
 
 G. B. Hunter 1 
 
 S. H. PUipps 17 
 
 A.Eenner 17 
 
 W. A. Byal 24 
 
 Newell Kerr .'j 
 
 W. Williamson 12 
 
 J. J. Tuttle 7 
 
 John Brown 24 
 
 Samuel Lutz 2(i 
 
 Jas. Swinnerton 13 
 
 A. J. Banks I'i 
 
 J. W. Barrack 24 
 
 Thos. P. Shields 20 
 
 S.A.Johnston 13 
 
 H. R. Potter 14 
 
 W. F. Williams 13 
 
 W. T. Buckle 34 
 
 George Russell 19 
 
 J. P. Sheuck 11 
 
 D. L. Day 11) 
 
 M. H. Hayes \o 
 
 W. O. Kinnen 2.') 
 
 John stroap 1 
 
 E. M. Rice 31 
 
 P. W. Gunkle (i 
 
 Z. T. Guthrie 2o 
 
 N. J. McGrew 22 
 
 S. T. Comfort 4 
 
 A. E. Goodrich 13 
 
 Jas. H. Hess 18 
 
 L. D. Cron 10 
 
 O. V. Cramer U 
 
 A. P. Axtell 4 
 
 O. P. Laird 4 
 
 H.F.Cook 3 
 
 J.S. Damorest 9 
 
 M. A. Malster 12 
 
 Win. Russler 18 
 
 Daniel Goiger 10 
 
 N. Nettleton 2 
 
 G. W. Eicher 8 
 
 O. U. Woodward 7 
 
 ParkSiiodgrass 10 
 
 G. L. Garsher 2 
 
 L. A. Welch 7 
 
 J. W. Arnold 5 
 
 W. W. Richardson 17 
 
 W. W. Miller 1 
 
 J. P. Marsh 6 
 
 John Harris 12 
 
 H. R. Beach 2 
 
 E. Elliott 6 
 
 Wm.Lacy 2 
 
 W. P. Critchfleld... 2 
 
 Wm.Funk 14 
 
 J. A. Frost 4 
 
 J. W. Meek l(i 
 
 E. M. Conklin 7 
 
 J. H. Garber 4 
 
 P. M. Dix 4 
 
 D. Pollock 4 
 
 Geo. Putnam C 
 
 W. N. Smith 6 
 
 M. Disher 2 
 
 E. Culbertson 8 
 
 J. A. Pringle 4 
 
 G.W. Rue 3 
 
 J. G. Fitch 4 
 
 U. M. Reed 1 
 
 D. C. Brooks « 
 
 J. B. Violet 8 
 
 Frank Clark 4 
 
 Will. Media 1 
 
 L. Boggs 1 
 
 IL W. Sackett 1 
 
 Daniel Savre 2 
 
 W. C. Sutliff 3 
 
 AmosGriflith 1 
 
 A. S. Piott 1 
 
 Wm. Bunchy 1 
 
 J. A. Winlspear 1 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 W. J. Campbell 3.5 
 
 R. P. Olds 5 
 
 N. W. Garretson.... 1 
 
 W. H. Nash 1 
 
 Edward Forbes 17 
 
 Wm. Cvrus 5 
 
 H. N. Hill 17 
 
 R. M. Gurney 13 
 
 B. A. Wiizel 9 
 
 T. B. Humphreys... 9 
 
 E. E. Fanning 6 
 
 A. Simpson 4 
 
 Jas. Tatom 4 
 
 Jacob Johnson S 
 
 Daniel Clark 12 
 
 A.B.Henry B 
 
 Frank Shelton 13 
 
 J. H. Smith 1 
 
 D. S. K. Busick 
 
 J. Mouie 2 
 
 R. W. Morrison 1 
 
 J. M. Mclntire 1 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 LukeEger 3 
 
 G. W. Thompson... 1 
 J. Wilkinson 19 
 
 E. Z. Griesemer 14 
 
 N. O. Naille 2 
 
 D. B. Mauger 8 
 
 Frank Porter 3.") 
 
 J. I. Carter 12 
 
 R. H.Thomas 18 
 
 Jos. T. Miller 1 
 
 Jas. C. Curry 9 
 
 H. H. Brown 21 
 
 Henry Black 2 
 
 B. C. D.'iwney 7 
 
 F. W. Heckel. 3 
 
 Ira Stetler 3 
 
 S. W. Buck 51 
 
 B. F. Hallowell 1 
 
 W. W. Parker 7 
 
4-4-0 
 
 Patrons of Fliisbandij. 
 
 PENNA.— Continued. 
 
 H. C. Demming 14 
 
 M. H. Brendliuger.. 1 
 
 J.- N.Snyder 1 
 
 K. S. .Marsh 1 
 
 Moses Brinton .S 
 
 W. H. Reinbart 10 
 
 IJ. C. Kennedy 34 
 
 C P. Steinraetz 8 
 
 Asa Battles 19 
 
 G. W. Skinner 1 
 
 D.A.Evans 9 
 
 T. A. Thompson 1 
 
 L. Rhone 11 
 
 J. H. BreckbiU 1 
 
 George Hyde 4 
 
 R. S. Searie 6 
 
 !S. B. Mercer 3 
 
 T. S. Strohecker. . .. f 
 
 R. C. Johnson 5 
 
 C. E. Gladding 4 
 
 Jerome Plummer.. 5 
 
 J. T. Elwood 9 
 
 J. B. Henry 2 
 
 John Day 3 
 
 Robert Lesher 2 
 
 R. F. Messinger 2 
 
 E. J. Gaynor 1 
 
 G. J. Eldred 3 
 
 E. S. Bumpus 1 
 
 John Stevenson 2 
 
 CM. Lesher 1 
 
 J. W. Vanoliet 1 
 
 J. H. MoCoually 1 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 W. E. Simmons 1 
 
 D. Wyatt Aiken 68 
 
 lienj. Allston. ... 1 
 J. A. Barksdale...,209 
 
 W. J.Pringle 1 
 
 D.H.Jacques 3 
 
 W. A. Easterlin 2 
 
 J. S. Richardson 8 
 
 W. F. Barton 3 
 
 G. D. J'eake 3 
 
 E. M.Law 1 
 
 T. W. Woodward... 2 
 
 L. A. Harper 3 
 
 J. L. Shnler 1 
 
 Julius Mills 3 
 
 Frank Moore 1 
 
 E. R. Mclver 2 
 
 C.O.Marshall 1 
 
 D. C. Tompkins 8 
 
 Thomas Taylor 1 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 W. A. Simpson 6 
 
 A. J. Vaughan 13 
 
 A. J. D.Thurston... 25 
 Wm. T. Henderson 1 
 
 W. J. Davidson 9 
 
 J. L. Fly 40 
 
 H.C. Burnett 6 
 
 T. H. Bell 1 
 
 Wm. Maxwell 11.5 
 
 R. G.Kyle 11 
 
 John Lytle 31 
 
 Wm. McMurray 'I't 
 
 G. F. Farrow 2 
 
 Thomas G. Mosely SO 
 
 W. F. Mitchell « 
 
 S. C'armiehael 23 
 
 S. A. Mabanse 13 
 
 I. O. Griffith 72 
 
 Wm. Askew 6 
 
 S. C. Hearu 9 
 
 Jas. DeBon 19 
 
 J. S. Dickerson 20 
 
 C. W. Charlton 100 
 
 J. M. Games 13 
 
 J. K. P. Blackburn 14 
 
 J. M. Head S 
 
 E. A. "Wilson 5 
 
 J. B. Cording 3 
 
 S. R. Brooks 7 
 
 Jacob beat 5 
 
 B. AI. Tillman 33 
 
 C.B.Rogers 8 
 
 J. M. Townes 11 
 
 H. Iv. Bryson ti 
 
 J. Q. Spain 1 
 
 T. J.Eastes 6 
 
 J. M.Bowen 10 
 
 W. H. Stephenson.. 7 
 
 G. H. McMillan 6 
 
 Jacob Hamilton.... 1 
 
 A. H. Gordon 2 
 
 S. S. Hendiburgh... 5 
 
 G. M. Fizer 1 
 
 H. H. Hubh.ird 2 
 
 Robert P. Rhea 7 
 
 E. A.Tavlor 4 
 
 J. C. Hodgers 1 
 
 J. B. Walton 1 
 
 A. M. Johnson. r 4 
 
 W.G.Day 10 
 
 T. M. Hogan 4 
 
 A. R. Potts 7 
 
 L. D. Cade 29 
 
 W. H. Nelson 3 
 
 C. M. Thompson 12 
 
 D. W. Baird 17 
 
 J.H.Biffle 17 
 
 R. A. Kellar 9 
 
 I.E.Shipp 19 
 
 J. J. W. Payne 3 
 
 O. H. Ogden 2 
 
 G. P. Finslcy 2 
 
 J. M. Carmel 1 
 
 G. B. McLeskey 20 
 
 G. W. Morton 10 
 
 R. J. Bomer 8 
 
 W.J. Miller 6 
 
 Wm. Owen 4 
 
 J. E. Dodson .•! 
 
 R. H. Ogburn 2! 
 
 S. M. Reynolds 5 
 
 ■W. E. Sloan 4 
 
 M.L.Clark 3 
 
 A. D. Wheeler 5 
 
 J.A.Jones 6 
 
 J. M. Meek 2 
 
 Henry A. Moss 1 
 
 J. M. Lansden 5 
 
 S. A. McMackin 1 
 
 J. M. Morgan 1 
 
 J. H. Morns 3 
 
 J. P. Scott 1 
 
 Jas. Worthingtou... 1 
 
 W.M. Clack 1 
 
 H. Q,. Walker 1 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 H. H. Parker 4 
 
 C. E. Keller 1 
 
 B. A. Baird 17 
 
 P. T. Caraway 4 
 
 J. W. G. Maxey 1 
 
 E. Hovencamp 2 
 
 J. M. Crockett 2S 
 
 J. B. Johnson 18 
 
 N. L. Norton 30 
 
 R. P. Harrison 8 
 
 J. R. Harwell 1 
 
 J.M.Clark 1 
 
 S. N. Daniels 46 
 
 W. T. C. Lane 17 
 
 J.S. Riley 20 
 
 T. L. Balleu 29 
 
 G. W. Ingram 32 
 
 James Shaw 1 
 
 W. W.Lang 13 
 
 W. B. Tucker 26 
 
 J.M. Foster 20 
 
 J.H.Earle 31 
 
 A. J. Hanson 3:3 
 
 J. T. Ratcliffe 1.5 
 
 J. L. Caldwell 38 
 
 T.V.Baker 44 
 
 N. A. Thompson 3 
 
 A. J. Rose .TO 
 
 J. T. Havnes 2.5 
 
 E. B. Stiff. 10 
 
 W. G. Wood 15 
 
 S. G. Smith 4 
 
 M. S. Wallace 17 
 
 Wm. Warren 37 
 
 Wm. A. Wortham 19 
 
 James Orr 3.S 
 
 J. A. Duncan ■ 7 
 
 J. T. Price 7 
 
 L. E. Gillett 19 
 
 Wm. F. Don 11 
 
 J. L. Ammons 8 
 
 D. A. Dickard 28 
 
 James Moore 8 
 
 J. Hill 33 
 
 Jas. S. Rains 9 
 
 S. S. Johason 10 
 
 R. N. Weislger 
 
 Wm. Cunningliain 6 
 J. M. Robinson 6 
 
List of Deputies. 
 
 4^1 
 
 TEXAS — Continued. 
 Thomas Jackson.... 1 
 
 Wm. Carton 2 
 
 E. M. FJy 3 
 
 .T. JI. Harrison 10 
 
 R. J. Patton 3 
 
 H. B. Prultt 2 
 
 A. M. Watts 1 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 J. Lawrence 8 
 
 O. H. Kelley 1 
 
 Eben Tliorapson... 14 
 
 W. H. Carr 1 
 
 W. G. Bartlett 1 
 
 E. Gile 5 
 
 E. P. Colton 6 
 
 L. S. Grlswold 6 
 
 W. H. McAllister... 10 
 
 E. D. Boyden 71 
 
 T. A. Thompson 1 
 
 J. L. Coburn 1 
 
 Z. E. Jamison 20 
 
 E. Barnum 2 
 
 E. M. Barnard 1 
 
 J. E. Demlng 2 
 
 Joseph Don 1 
 
 T. C. Naramore 4 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 J. Lefflngeot 1 
 
 E. J. Ohr 2 
 
 D. S. Curtiss 1.5 
 
 J. W. Morton 40 
 
 W. B. Westbrook.. 2S 
 M. W. Hazelwood... 2 
 
 T. O.Graves 12 
 
 A. M. Moore 19 
 
 George Konier 32 
 
 F.W. Chiles 21 
 
 Wra. McCorab H 
 
 T. T. Tredway 29 
 
 J. W.White 12 
 
 J. J. Wllkerson .... 31 
 
 T. A. Thompson 2 
 
 J. P. Srhermerhorn 4 
 J, H. Hobson 1.5 
 
 E. D. Philips 7 
 
 E. B. Goode 7 
 
 W. H. Basdam 7 
 
 T. N. Merrill 6 
 
 W. F. Walker 2 
 
 J. O. Chappel 1.5 
 
 J. C. Featuerston... 31 
 
 D.W.Watson 4 
 
 S. A. Wilson 9 
 
 A. Borst 7 
 
 W. M. Ambler 8 
 
 Benjamin Haden... 5 I 
 
 W. F. Smith i 
 
 Isaac Win.ston 7 
 
 J. W.Lowellen .3 
 
 W. F. Thompson... 4 
 
 J. 13. Dunn 8 
 
 J. M. Evans 2 
 
 J. E. Eshridge 4 
 
 P. Hairston 3 
 
 E. G. Caufman 2 
 
 W.C.Bennett 2 
 
 WASHINGTON TER. 
 
 N. W. Garretson 4 
 
 R. P. Olds 1 
 
 George Hunter 8 
 
 Frank Slielton 1 
 
 Daniel Clark 6 
 
 E. L. Smith 13 
 
 W. M. Khelton 5 
 
 H. M. Knapp 9 
 
 J. Horton 7 
 
 Henry Spalding 2 
 
 Rol)ert Mays 1 
 
 M. Z. Goodall 1 
 
 J.S. Bozarlh 1 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 E.J. Ohr 14 
 
 S. G. Monroe 1 
 
 A. P. Thompson 4 
 
 J. M. Oldham 2 
 
 B. M. Kitchen (j 
 
 G. D. Wittshire 1 
 
 G. O. Sperren 1 
 
 W. B. Daniels S 
 
 E. L. Coburn 6 
 
 J. E. Freet 1 
 
 W. B.Wheeler 42 
 
 R. A. Douglas 2 
 
 V. M. Prior 12 
 
 M. W. Morrison 10 
 
 J. E. Hall 13 
 
 W. M. Bird 1 
 
 Major T.Smith 2 
 
 P. F. McCullough... 8 
 
 M. B. Kirtley 6 
 
 A. Workman 2 
 
 J. T. Cunningham 2 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 W. H. Burnham 22 
 
 I. J. Hoile 1 
 
 W. N. Kelley 12 
 
 J. V. Abbott 10 
 
 S. W. King 15 
 
 James Brainerd 28 
 
 George Stevens 1 
 
 J. M. McCoy 2 
 
 James Allen 10 
 
 P. II. Merrill 3 
 
 J. W. Lefflngwell... 14 
 Ed. Reynolds 2 
 
 C. W. Foster 11 
 
 John Bird 2 
 
 D. L. Cornell 5 
 
 C. M. Treat 3 
 
 S. Hungerford 42 
 
 E. Farnham 10 
 
 H. C. Sherwin 11 
 
 Franci.s Ritchie 3 
 
 David Williams 3 
 
 Charles Watson 22 
 
 E. H. Edwards is 
 
 J. M. Kellogg 12 
 
 E. B. Bolens 3 
 
 G. N.Shattuck 2 
 
 T.S.Jordan 1.5 
 
 L. W. Wright (i 
 
 J. G. S. Hayward... 4 
 
 W. O. Fedclerly 1 
 
 G. S. Putnam 2 
 
 C. M. Brainard 9 
 
 C.D.Parker 8 
 
 I-. G. Wood 20 
 
 R. J. Day 2 
 
 A. Sherman 6 
 
 A. C. Tuttle 4 
 
 R. E. Stone ,5 
 
 Will. Hopkins 7 
 
 N. S. Hollister 7 
 
 E. L. Rupnow 
 
 W.C.Williams 4 
 
 J. C.Martin 11 
 
 C. H. Mero (! 
 
 J. H. Hubbard 7 
 
 S. A. Clark 11 
 
 F. W. Hitchings 8 
 
 Wm. Young 3 
 
 A. 8. Bennett C 
 
 H. J. Rohn 4 
 
 J. W. Park 12 
 
 A. C. Nettle 2 
 
 K. Scott 7 
 
 J.Cory 24 
 
 H. E. Huxley 4 
 
 H. Haseltine 4 
 
 W. H. Cook 3 
 
 J. A. Clark 3 
 
 W. H. Kountz 1 
 
 D. S. Watson 1 
 
 S. N. Jones 1 
 
 J. M. Hallock 1 
 
 COLORADO. 
 
 .1. L. Brown 44 
 
 W. H. Hickman 9 
 
 James L. Wilbur.... 5 
 
 R. Q,. Tcnny 3 
 
 A. Pool 2 
 
I ' ll, ll 
 
 ^■i^mmmmi