MEMORIAL POULTRY LIBRARY •f/fE Gljf Of JMSS 1, HIC2 lfbY»yyvvvwY»wmvv»YWv»VW»vT ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Home Economics AT Cornell University Cornell University Library SF 485.A5 1903 The American standard of perfection 3 1924 003 039 280 The original of tliis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/detail5/cu31924003039280 TH^ AMERICAN Standard of Perfection AS ADOPTED BY THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION, AT ITS TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING, AT BOSTON, MASS., 1898, WITH THE ADDITIONS MADE AT CHICAGO, ILL, 1901, AND AT CHARLESTON, S. C, AND HAGERSTOWN, MD., IN 1902. CONTAIKINO A Complete Description of All the Recognized Varieties of J'owls. EDITED BY J. H. drevenstedt:! (- 1 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION, }903, 4^5 A5 190 3 E 81.43 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : The publishing of any portion of this Standard by any Newspaper, Periodica], Magazine, Circular, Book, or any other publication whatsoever, will be an infringement on the copyright, and will be prosecuted to the extent of the Copyright, 1903, BY THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION. Chahles McClave, President. T. E. Orr, Beaver, Pa. Secretary. J. H. Drevenstbdt, Johnstown, N. Y. Standard Editor. ^RESS OP N1T8CHKE BROS., POLUMBUS, O. CONTENTS. Hi. CONTENTS. A. Anconas, Shape 61 Color ..., 72 Andalusians 73 B. Bantams, Booted White 169 " Cochin, Buff, Black .' 174 ' ' Partridge and White : 174 ' ' Brahma, Light and Dark 172 " Game 143 Golden Sebright 163 ' ' Japanese, Black Tailed '. 178 Japanese, Black 181 " Japanese, White 180 " Rose-combed Black 168 " Rose-combed White '. . •. 167 Silver Sebright . . . ' 164 Buff Laced 186 " White Crested White Polish 185 Brahmas, Dark 43 " Light 40 " Shape 38 c. Cutting for defects : . ; . . 5 Cochins, Shape 46 IV. CONTENTS. PAOB. Cochins, Black 56 Buff 50 Partridge ' 52 White 55 Crevecoeurs 112 Constitution and Bj'-Laws 247 D, Dominiques, American 35 Dorkings, Colored 124 " Silver Gray 122 " White 121 Shape 118 Ducks, Aylesbury 212 Black East Indian 223 Call, Gray 220 Call, White 220 Cayuga 217 Colored Muscovy 227 Crested White 224 Pekin 211 Rouen 214 White Muscovy 228 India Rijnner 229 F. Frizzles 193 G. General Disqualifications 4 Games, Shape 126 " Bantams 143 " Birchen 141 " Black 140 CONTENTS. V. PAOE. Games, Black-breasted Red 130 " Brown Red 132 ' ' ' Golden Duckwing .. ., 134 Red Pyle .^ 138 " Silver Duckwing . .' 136 " White ; 140 Geese, African 236 " Brown Chinese 238 " Egyptian 244 " Embden 234 " Toulouse 232 " White Chinese 240 Wild or Canada 242 Glossary 6 H. Hamburgs, Black 103 " Golden Penciled 98 " Golden Spangled 93 " Silver Penciled ., 100 ' ' Shape 91 " Silver Spangled 96 " White 102 Houdans 109 I. Instructions to Judges 1 Indian Games, Shape 144 " " Cornish 148 " " White 150 J. Javas, Shape 31 " Black 33 " Mottled 34 VI. CONTENTS. L. FJL.aTS. La Fleche 115 Langshans, Black 59 " White 60 " Shape '. 57 Leghorns, Black 67 " Brown 64 .Buff 68 Duckwing, Silver 70 White 66 " Shape 61 M. Malays, Black -breasted Red 151 " " Bantams 155 Minorcas, Black 78 " White 79 " Shape 76 O. Orpingtons, Buff 36a P. Plymouth Rocks, Shape 15 Barred 18 White : 19 " " Buff 20 Polish, Bearded Golden 87 Bearded Silver 89 Bearded White 89 Buff-laced 90 Golden 90 Silver 90 White 90 White-crested Black 86 Shape 83 CONTENTS. Vll. R. PAGE, Redcaps 104 Rutnpless '. . . 194 s. Silkies . . .". 187 Spanish, White-faced Black 80 Sultans 190 Sumatra, Black 156 Turkeys, Black 208 Bronze 196 Buff 202 Narragansett 199 Slate 204 White Holland 206 W. Wyandottes, Shape 22 Black 30- " Buff. 29 ,. Golden 27 Silver 24 White 28 ' Partridge 30a *f Silver Pencilled 3Qc INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES. Percentage. — The merits of all specimens shall be determined by a careful examinationof all the points named, commencing with " Typical Carriage " and following the schedule through in the order named in the " Scale of Points," deducting such per centum for defects as may be apparent from the full value of a perfect bird. Weight. — All specimens shall be judged according to their Standard weights; provided, however, that the disqualifying weights for chickens shall not apply until December first. In all breeds of fowls having weight clauses, except Bantams, deduct two points per pound for any deficit from the Standard weights, or in that propprtion for any fractional part of a pound. In all varieties of Bantams deduct one-half point per ounce for any excess over Standard weights. In all varieties of Turkeys, Geese and Ducks, having weight clauses, deduct three points per pound for any deficit from Standard weights, or in that pro- portion for any fractional part of a pound. In all varieties of fowls except Bantams, all varieties of Turkeys and Geese, and all varieties of Ducks, except those prized for their smallness, when adult specimens are equal in their scores, the heavier one shall be awarded the prize; in all chicks or immature specimens, except Bantams, the one of less weight, if discounted for weights having an equal score, shall be awarded the prize, but when each of such specimens are of Standard weight, the heaviest one shall win. In all varieties of Bantams, other things equal, the smallest bird shall win over the others. The Mediterranean varieties, especially Minorcas, must not be stilty, but must stand sufficiently high to avoid the appearance of clumsiness. All [I] 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES. Other requirements being equal, the largest bird musj; be given the preference. The weight clause must not be understood to mean that a small but over-fat bird is within the spirit of the standard, — the size must be proportionate to the weight, pre- serving the present style of a standard bird. Size. — Size shall be determined by comparison. In all varie- ties, except Call and East Indian Ducks, having a section denoted " Size," and not being subject to weight clauses, the largest bird, other things equal, shall win; in Call and East Indian Ducks this rule shall be reversed. Under-Color. — Where under-color is mentioned in the descrip- tion of any variety it applies to the downy part of each feather below the web. Cochin Feathering. — A great abundance of feathering being a characteristic of the Cochins, judges are instructed to give the fuller feathered specimens preference over those more scantily feathered. Sweepstake and Special Prizes. — In all sweepstake and spe- cial prizes, when specimens with weight clauses compete with those without weight clauses, one and one-half points shall be deducted from the scores of all specimens not subject to Stand- ard weights, and when solid-colored specimens compete with parti-colored specimens they shall be handicapped one and one- half points to each, and, after such deduction, the specimen then having the highest score shall be declared the winner. Scores Entitling Specimens to Prizes. — Specimens scoring less than eighty-five points should not receive a prize. Birds scor ing less than ninety points should not be entitled to a first prize. In exhibition pens no prize should be awarded if any bird in the pen scores less than eighty-five points, and no first prize should be given if the male scores less than eighty-eight points, and the pen less than one hundred and seventy-five points. Score of Exhibition Pen. — In ascertaining the score of an exhibition pen, add the scores of the females together and divide she sum by the number of females in the pen; to the quotient INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES. 3 thus obtained add the score of the male and this sum shall be the score of the exhibition pen. To the Various Poultry Associations. — It is recommended that a bird to win a first prize should score ninety or more points; to win a second prize eighty-eight or more points; and that no prize shall be awarded to any specimen scoring less than eighty-five points; also, that prizes be awarded on single speci- mens and on exhibition pens only^ It is further recommended-that a pen to win a first prize shall not£Core less than iSo points with no specimen in the pen scor- ing less than 88; to win a second prize, the pen shall not score less than 178 points with no specimen in the pen scoring less than 87; to win a third prize the pen shall not score less than 175 points with no specimen in the pen scoring less than 86. It is further recommended that this Standard be made the rule by which all awards shall be made at exhibitions, but the method of applying the same is left to the discretion of each society holding an exhibition. GENERAL DISQUALIFICATIONS. Judges finding any of the disqualifications enumerated below on any specimen, applying a Standard score, shall disqualify the same, and they shall state on the score-card the nature or name of the disqualification so found. In the Asiatic breeds, except La'ngshans, and in Cochin Ban- tams and Booted White Bantams, shanks not feathered down the outer sides; outer toes not feathered to the last joint. In Langshans, shanks not feathered down the outer sides, feathers not growing beyond the middle joint of the outer toes. In Silkies and Sultans, shanks not feathered down the outer sides. In all other breeds required to have unfeathered shanks, any feather or feathers, or down on shanks or feet or unmistakable indications of feathers having been plucked from same. Lopped combs; decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; plucked hocks; deformed beaks; absence of spike in all rose-comb breeds except Silkies; decided or pronounced squirrel tails in all breeds except Japanese Bantams. The comb on a specimen which merely turns over a trifle from the natural upright position is not to disqualify; for under all the disqualifying clauses the specimen shall have the benefit of the doubt. In all four-toed breeds, more than four toes upon both feet or on one foot. In all five-toed breeds absence of one or more toes. In' all white varieties any feather on a specimen having posi- tive black or red in any part of the plumage. Entire absence of main tail feathers. White in the face of all Leghorn cockerels and pullets, except- ing Buff Leghorns. Black in the bean of all white ducks. [4] CUTTING FOR DEFECTS. Judges are asked in making Standard scores to value the defects in fowls as mentioned below, viz.: Too many or too few serrations on a comb, each ^ point Side sprigs on comb, each i Thumb marks in comb, not less than I Rear of comb turning around, decidedly C. . I Coarseness of texture in comb J Coarseness of texture in wattles . . ^ A wing showing clipped flights or secondaries or both. . 2 points If both wings are clipped, dej)ar the specimen from competi- tion. Absence of sickles in males, for each sickle I point Bare middle toe on Brahmas, each I " Purple barring in black plumage in each section where it may appear • J to i Eyes too light or too dark in color, both eyes i Eyes not alike in color i If an eye shows permanent injury, but retains its form. ^ If an eye is destroyed, leaving only the socket I Ear-lobes in all varieties of Wyandottes showing more than one-half the surface white 2 Frosty edging in any laced section on either male or female in Silver and Golden Wyandottes ^in each sec- tion where it appears, not less than J to I [5] GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TEBMS. Barring. — Marks or stripes across the feather at right angles or nearly so to its length. Beard. — A bunch of feathers under the throat of some breeds of fowls, such as Houdans and Polish. Breed. — Any j;ace of fowls having distinctive characteristics in common. Breed is a broader term than variety and may include several varieties, as the Plymouth Rock has Barred and White varieties of that breed. Brood. — The family of chicks belonging to a single mother. Cape. — The feathers under and at the base of the hackle shaped like a cape. Carriage. — The attitude or style of a bird. Caruncles. — Small, fleshy protuberances or corrugations as on the head and neck of a turkey cock. Carunculated. — Having caruncles. Chick. — A newly hatched fowl. Clliclcen. — A term indefinitely applied to fowls under one year of age. Clutch. — A term applied both to the batch of eggs sat upon by a fowl and to the brood of chicks hatched therefrom. Cock. — A male fowl one year old or over. Cockerel. — A male under one year old. -Comb. — The fleshy protuberance growing on the top of the fowl's head. The chief varieties of comb are single, rose, pea, and leaf; all others being modifications of and properly classed with them. Condition. — The state of a fowl as regards health, cleanliness and beauty of plumage. [6] GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 7 Crest. — A tuft of feathers on the head, of the same signifi- cance as the top-knot. Crop. — The receptacle in which a fowl's food is received before passing into the gizzard. Cushion. — The mass of feathers over the rump of a hen covering the tail, chiefly developed in Cochins. Dubbing. ^ Cutting off tlie comb, wattles and ear-lobes so as to leave the head smooth and clean. Ducll-foot. — The carrying of the hinder toe forward. Ear-lob^S. — The folds of bare skin hanging just below the ears, by many called deaf-ears. They vary in color, being red," white, blue and cream-colored. Face. — The bare skin around the eyes. Flights. — The primary feathers of the wing used in flying, but tucked under the wings out of sight, when at rest. Fluff. — Soft, downy feathers about the thighs and covering the posterior part of the bird, — chiefly developed in Asiatics. Furnished. — When a cockerel has obtained his full tail, comb, hackles, etc., he is said to be furnished. Gills. — The same as wattles, which see. - Gypsy-color. — Dark purple approaching black. Hackle. — 'The neck plumage of both sexes. Hackles. — The peculiar, long narrow feathers on the neck of fowls. Henny or Hen-feathered. — The plumage of a cock resembling that of a hen from the absence of the pointed hackle and sickle- feathers, and in plumage generally. Hock. — The joint between the thigh and shank. Knock-kneed. — A term used to express an inward turning of the hocks by which they are brought nearly together while the Tegs extend outward and are spread at the feet. Leaf-comb. — The two-pronged, V-shaped comb, such as is seen in crested breeds, so called from a fancy resemblance to the open leaves of a book. Leg. — This includes the thigh and shank. 8 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. Leg-feathers. — Feathers growing upon the outer sides of the shank, as in Asiatics. Lop-comb. — A coml) falling over to one side; in the Rose oi Pea-comb it must come in contact with the crown of the head on one side; in a Single comb some portion must fall below the horizontal plane where the Comb begins to lop. Mossy. — Confused or indistinct markings in the plumage. Obtuse Angle. — An angle containing over ninety degrees, i. e., a wider opening than made by a perpendicular meeting a horizontal line. . Parti-color. — Feathers having two or more colors.^ Pea-comb. — A triple comb, resembling three straight single combs joined together at the base and rear, lower and narrower In front and rear than center, and distinctly divided, the largest and highest in the middle, each part slightly and evenly ser- rated, as may be seen in the illustralion above. Penciling. — Small markings or stripes upon a feather. These may run straight across, when they are frequently called bars, or follow the outline of the feather, taking a crescented form. Plumage. — The feathers of a fowl. Poult. — A young turkey. Primaries. — The flight feathers of the wings, hidden when GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 9 the wing is closed, being lucked under the visible wing, com- posed of the secondary feathers. Usually the primaries contain the deepest color belonging to the fowl except the tail, and great importance is attached to their color by breeders. Profile. — A direct side view or illustration of a fowl. Pullet. — A female fowl under one year old. Rose-comb. — Alow, thick, solid comb, the upper surface of which is usually corrugated or covered with small points. It usually terminates in a well-developed spike, which may turn upward as in Ham burgs, remain nearly level as in the Rose- ■comb Leghorns, or turned downward as in the Wyandottes. In some varieties the spike is wholly wanting or but slightly developed. Rooster. — ■ A term for cock or cockerel. Saddle. — The posterior part of the back reaching to the tail in a cock and answering to the cushion in a hen. Secondaries. — The quill-feathers of the wings which are visible when the wing is folded. Self-color. — A uniform tint over the feather, or uniform hue to the plumage, in the latter sense being applied to all solid colored varieties, such as. white, black and buff. Shaft. — The stem or quill part of a feather. Shank. — The lower and scaly joint of the leg. Sickles. — The long curved feathers of the cock's tail, prop. erly applied only to the top pair, but sometimes used for one or two pairs besides. Single Comb. — -An upright comb, varying in size and depth of serration, rising from the beak and generally extending back of the head for some distance, consisting of a single, thin, fleshy mass and serrated. Spangling. — The marking produced by a large spot or splasl on each feather, differing from that of the ground color. Spur. — The sharp defensive weapon growing from the inner side of the shank of a male or female fowl. Squirrel-tail. — The tail projecting over and nearly touching the back or neck. 10 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. Stag. — A term used for a young male, chiefly employed by game fanciers. Station. — -An ideal standard, embodied in style and symme- try, usually applied to Games. Strain. — A race of fowls that has been carefully bred by one breeder, or his successor, for a number of years, and has acquired an individual character. Surface-color. — The color of the plumage, limited to .the webbed part of the feathers. Symmetry. — Perfection of proportion; harmony of all the parts of a fowl, taken as a whole, and must be typical of the variety it represents. Tail-coverts. — The soft, glossy, curved feathers at the sides of the lower part of the tail, usually of the same color as the tail itself. Tail-feathers. — The straight and stiff feathers of the tail only, the top pair are sometimes slightly curved, but they are, gener- ally, nearly if not quite straight, and are contained inside the sickles and tail-coverts. Thighs. — That part of the legs next above the shanks. Top-knot. — The same as a crest. Trio. — One male and two females. Twisted-comb. — A comb having two positive curves, ca opposite sides, similar to the letter S when viewed from the top. For example: Typical Carriage. — The carriage of a fowl, not only as a whole, but also of the separate sections in conformity with the characteristics of the breed to which it is applied. Under-color. — The color of the plumage, usually limited to the downy part of the feathers. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. II Variety. — A term used to demonstrate fowls possessing cont. mon characteristics, less wide in its application than breed, which see. Vulture-hock. — Stiff quill-fei 1 s g ing on the thighs, extending out nearly straight and in rear of hoclc. To dis- qualify they must be without a sufficient quantity of fluffy feathers to relieve the stiff appearance and fill up the sharp angles, as would be shown by a profile view. See illustration above. Wattles. — The red, depending structures at the sides of the base of the beak. Web. — The web of the feather is the flat or plume portion; of the feet, the flat skin between the toes; of the wings, the tri- angular skin seen when the wings are extended. Wing-bar. — A line of dark color across the middle of the wing caused by the color or marking of the feathers known as the lower wing-coverts. Wing-bay. — The triangular section of the wing, below the wing-bar, formed by the exposed portion of the secondaries when the wing is folded. Used chiefly in reference to Games. 12 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. WIng-bCW. — The upper or shoulder part of the wing. Wing-butts. — The end of the primaries; also called wing- points. Wing-coverts. — The broad feathers covering the roots of the ■secondary quills. Wing-fronts. — The front edge of the wing at the shoulder. This section of the wing is sometimes erroneously called wing- butts, but the latter term should be applied only to the ends oi lumage. Under- color a li§:hter shade, as free as possible from all Toreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest undercolor shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in the wines or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of Duff in neck, back, wings or breast, or in two or more of these sections shall be con- sidered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sec tions is most desirable. ASIATIC CLASS. 37" CIvA-SS II. ASIATIC. Breeds. Varieties, ^----- ■'■■■&: rsuff. c-«- ^ \^^'^ [ Black. i-^^O^HAi, \^^^^_ SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE ASIATIC CLASS. Typical Carriage, .... ... & Weight, 6- Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Comb, 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes, 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6 lo- Back — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Breast, —Shape 5, Color 5 lo Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Colors 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Legs and Toes 8- • 100- 38 BRAHMAS. BRAHMAS. SHAPE OF THE MAL.K. Head. — Of medium length, broad, the crown projecting over the eyes. Beak. — Stout and well curved. Comb. — Pea, small, firm and even upon the head, lower and ■narrower at front and rear than center and d'.Etinctly divided, having the appearance of three small single combs joining to- gether at the base and rear, the largest and highest in the middle, each part slightly and evenly serrated; the serrations of the front and rear smaller than those of the center. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium size and well rounded. Ear-lobes, large, pendent, the lower edges on a level with or slightly below the edges of the wattles. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched. Hackle, abundant, flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Cape broad and flat across the small of the back, which with rear portion of back proper makes a gentle incline -to hips, where the saddle takes a concave sweep to high upon tail coverts. Breast. — Broad, deep, lound and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep and well rounded at the sides. Fluff, abundant, giving the bird a broad appearance. Wings. — Small, carried rather high and horizontal, sides well rounded. Primaries, closely folded under the secondaries. Tail. — Medium in size, full, well spread, carried tolerably upright, filled underneath with curling feathers. Sickles, short, spreading laterally. Coverts, plentiful but not so long as to cover the entire length of lower main tail feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, stout and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout in bone, well apart, well feathered on outside. Toes, straight, stout, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. BRAHMAS. 39" SHAPE OF THE FEiaCALE. Head. — Of medium length, broad, the crown projecting over the eyes. Bealc, stout, well curved. Comb. — Pea, very small and low, firm and even upon the head, with slight but distinctly defined serrations. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, exceedingly small. Ear- lobes, well developed. Neck. — Of medium length and well arched. Back. — Cape broad and flat across the small of the back, which with rear portion of back proper makes a gentle incline to hips, where the saddle takes a concave sweep to high upon tail coverts. Breast. — Broad, deep, round and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep and well rounded at the side&„ Fluff, abundant, giving the bird a broad appearance. Wings. — Small, carried rather high and horizontal, the sides well rounded. Bows, fronts of which should be covered by the breast feathers. Primaries, closely folded under secondaries. Tait — Rather small, well spread, carried high enough to con- tinue the concave sweep of the back. Tail coverts, one or more rows distinctly covering a part of both sides of the main tail, — two preferable. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, stout and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout in bone, well apart, and well feathered on the outside. Toes, straight, stout, the outer and middle toes bei^ig well feathered. 40 LIGHT BRAHMAS. LIGHT BRAHMAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks of any color other than yellow or reddish-yellow; solid black feathers in the back; positive black spots prevalent dn the web of the feathers of the back (except slight dark or black stripes in the saddle of males near the tail, or in the cape of either sex). Cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and one-half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and one-half pounds; pullets not weighing six pounds; vulture hocks. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 12 lbs. Hen gj lbs. Cockerel lo lbs. Pullet 8 lbs. COL,OR OF THX; WLAI^E. Beak. — Yellow with a dark stripe down the upper mandible. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — Plumage, white. Neck. — Plumage, other than hackle, white; color of hackle, -web white with a solid, glossy black stripe down each feather, one-half or more of its length, running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather, and tapering to a point near its extremity. Back. — Surface color of saddle white, except where the sad- dle hangers being the extreme rear portion of the saddle plum- age takes on the character of the tail coverts, being in web LIGHT BRAHMAS. 41 black laced with white, shall not be considered a defect. Under-color either white, bluish-white or slate. Cape, formed by the feathers at the base of the hackle and the top of the wing black and white. Breast. — Surface color,- white; under-color, at juncture with the body, white, bluish-white or slate. Body and Fluff. — Plumage, surface color white, except under the wings, where it may be white, bluish- white or slate; under- color, white or bluish-white. Fluff, surface color white; under- color, white or bluish-white. Wings. — Bows, white, except their front, which may be partly black. Primaries, black or nearly black with a white edging on the lower edge of the lower web. Secondaries, lower portion of lower web white, sufficient to secure a while wing bay, the white extending around the points and lacing the upper portion of the upper web; this white growing wider as the secondaries comb upwards, balance of secondaries black; the five feathers between secondaries proper and back becom- ing white in their surface colorJ Tail; — Black, the curling feathers underneath, white or black. Sickles, glossy greenish-black. Coverts, glossy greenish-black. Lesser coverts, glossy greenish-black edged with white. Thighs. — Surface color, white; under-color, white, or bluish- white. Shank feathers, white, more or less mottled with black. Toe feathering, while or white mottled with black. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. COIiOR OF THE FEiriALE:. Beak. — Yello-v or with a dark stripe down the upper mandible. Eyes.-- Bay. Face. — Bright red. . Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — White. 42 LIGHT BRAHMAS Neck. — Neck hackle, beginning at juncture of head with the neck, rich black edged with white, the black running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather. Back. — Surface color white; under-color, white or bluish- white. Cape, formed by the feathers at base of the hackle and the lop of the wing, white or black and white. Breast. — Surface color white; under-color, at juncture with the body, white or bluish-white. Body and Fluff. — Body, surface color white, except under wing, where it may be white or bluish- white; under-color, white or bluish-white. Fluff, white. Wings. — Bows, white. Primaries, black and white, the black to predominate, with a white edging on the lower edge of the lower web. Secondaries, lower portion of lower web white, sufficient to secure a white wing bay, the white extending around the points and lacing the upper portion of the upper web; the white growing wider as the secondaries black; the five feathers between secondaries proper and back becoming white in their surface. Tail. — Black, except the two highest main tail feathers, which may be edged with white. Tail coverts, black, edged with white. Thighs. — White. Shank feathers, white or white slightly mottled with black. Toe feathering, white or white mottled with black. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. DARK BflAHMAS. 43 DARK BRAHMAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds, cockerels not weighing seven and one-half pounds; pullets not weighing five and one-half pounds; vulture hocks. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cocks II lbs. Hens 8|^ lbs. Cockerels 9 lbs. Pullets 7 lbs. COI^OR OF the: iTIAIiE. Beak. — Yellow upon sides and horn upon the top. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — Silvery white. Neck. — Other than hackle, black. Hackle, silvery white, with a distinct black stripe down the center of each feather, tapering to a point near the end of the feather, and free from white shaft. Under color, black or dark slate. Back. — Surface color, silvery white, free from bcown. Sad- dles, silvery white, with a black stripe down the center of each feather, the same as in the hackle. Under color, black or slate. Breast. — Black. Body. — Black or black slightly frosted with white. Fluff, black or black slightly frosted with white. Under color, black or slate. Wings. — Bows, silvery white. Primaries, black excepting a 44 DARK BRAHMAS. narrow edging of white on the lower edge of the lower web. Secondaries, black except the lower half of the lower web which should be white till near the end of the feather, at which point the white terminates abruptly, leaving the end of the feather black. Shoulder coverts, black. Wing coverts, glossy green- ish-black, forming a well-defined bar of that color across the wing when folded. Tail. — Black. Sickles, glossy greenish-black. Coverts, glossy greenish-black. Lesser coverts, glossy greenish-black or this color edged with white. Toe Feathering. — Black. Shanl< Featliering. — Black or black mixed with white, — the former preferred. SItanlcs and Toes. — Orange Yellow. COI/OR OF THK FEMAIiE, Beal(. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattlas and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — Silvery gray. Neck. — Black, edged with silvery white; the black running to a point near the end of the feather, conforming to the shape of the feather and free from white shaft; the center of feathers in hens may show penciling. Under color, black or slate. Back. — Gray with distinct dark penciling, the outlines of which conform to the shape of the feather; the feathers free from white shaft. Breast. — Same color as that of the back, the penciling reach- ing well up on the throat. Body. — The same as that of the back, the penciling reaching well down upon the thighs. Fluff, the same shade of gray as that of the body, and penciling very desirable. DARK BRAHMAS. 45 Wings. — Primaries, black with a narrow edge of gray peij- diing on the lower web. Secondaries, th'e upper web dull black, the lower web gray, with distinct dark penciling. Shovilder and wing coverts, the same as the breast and body, and well and distinctly penciled. Tail. — Black, except the two highest main tail leathers, which are penciled on the upper edge. Tail coverts, well pen- ciled the same as breast and body. Thighs. — The same shade of gray as the body, and penciling desirable. Shank Feathering. — The same as that of the thighs. Toe Feathering. — Same color as those of the shanks. Shanks and Toes. — Orange yellow. 46 COCHINS. COCHINS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. For Buff, Partridge and White Cochins. Cock II lbs. Hen 8^ lbs Cockerel gibs. Pullet, 7 lbs. STANDARD WEIGHTS. For Black Cochins. Cock loj lbs. Hen. 8^ lbs. Cockerel .'. gibs. Pullet 7 lbs. shape; of THE cocmpr male. General Outline. — The Cochin Male should be a very deep, massive bird; showing great constitution; with a dignified car- riage and a tendency to lean forward; the keeV carried low and the saddle, or cushion, well up. The outline of every section should be well rounded and free from any flat or concave surface. The great profusion of long loose plumage, with the great abundance of downy fibre in the under fluff, gives a large and bulky appearance, conveying the idea of even greater weight than in reality. Hard, or close plumage is a. very serious fault. The Head. — Rather short, broad and deep; prominent over the eyes; the juncture with the neck well defined. The Beak. — Short, stout at the base and gently curved to the point. The Eyes. — Of medium size and mild in expression. The Face. — Of fine texture. The Comb. — Single, of medium size, low in front, beautifully rounded to the rear and divided into five regular points; the centre one being the highest. The notches moderately deep. Comb firm, of fine texture; stout at the base, perfectly erect COCHINS. 47 and straight from front to rear and free from any wrinkles or side sprigs. The Wattles. — Pendent, rather long and well rounded; in texture fine, smooth and thin. The Ear-lobes. — Well defined, hanging about two-thirds as iow as the wattle j; of very fine texture; free from any discolo, ration, which is very objectionable, > The Neck. — Short, full and well proportioned; handsomely arched from rear of the head to the back. The hackle plumage very long and abundant, flowing well over the shoulder and cape. The Back. — Apparently short. Very broad and well rounded. The Saddle or Cushion. — Rising from the back at base of hackle or cape; very broad and round; convexed from side to side; the plumage very profuse and long; the saddle feathers flowing over the tips of the wings and mingling with the fluff and under plumage of the tail. The Tail. — Main tail, short and spread at the base; well filled underneath with a profusion of soft feathers and enveloped in the coverts and lesser sickles, showing as little stiff feathers as possible; giving the saddle and tail as a whole a soft, round, bulky appearance. The Shoulders. — Very broad and flat across under the hackle. The Breast. — Carried forward; very full and well roundefr; of great breadlh and depth. The Body. — From point of breast to abdomen, broad, deep and well rounded, medium in length; the abdomen well let down between the legs; broad and well rounded up from breast bone to tail, depending more for its fulness on the length of feathers than upon. muscular development. The Wings. — Carried well up; small and completely folded; the fronts embedded in the plumage of the breast and the tips nicely tucked under the saddle plumage; wing bows smooth and exceedingly well cupped or rounded; loose or hanging flights very objectionable. The Legs. — Very strong and large; straight, and set well apart. 4S oecHiNS. The Thighs. — Moderatejy long; the more long, soft outstand- ing plumage extending ^veH down the shanks and covering the hock joints the better, giving them the appearance of two great globes of feathers concealing the legs from view. The Hocks. — Covered with flexible feathers, curving inward about the joints and free from vulture hocks. The Shanks. — Short, stout in bone, plumage long, beginning just under the hock joint and covering the front and outer sides of the shanks, from which it should be outstanding, the upper part growing out from under the thigh plumage and continuing into the foot feathering. There should be no marked break in the outlines between the plumage of these sections and each should merge naturally into the other and blend together. The Toes. — Straight, stout and well spread; the middle and cuter toes being completely feathered, to their tips. SHAPE OF THE COCHIN FEltl.lIiE. Gener-al Outline. — The Cochin Female should correspond, in a feminine way' with the male; but should be shorter and rounder, with a more plump appearance. The back seems' longer on account of the difference in the character of the neck and cushion plumage. The cushion more pronounced, being very large and full, rising from the base of hackle or cape and very nearly covering the tail. The abdomen more fully devel- oped. The head, comb, wattles and ear-lobes much smaller than in the male and of the finest texture. The Head. — Neat looking; fairly full in the skull; fashioned after that of the male only finer in form. The Beak. — Short, stout at the base and gently curved to the point. The Eyes. ~ Of medium size and mild in expression. 'The Comb. — Single, small, perfectly straight and upright; divided into five points and nicely rounded to conform to the shape of the head; free from side sprigs or imperfections of any kind. COCHINS. 49 The Wattles. — Small, nicely rounded and of fine texture. The Ear-lobes. — Fairly well-defined; fine in texture; free from any discoloraLion, which is very objectionable. The Neck. — Short and nicely arched; the hackle plumage very full and flowing well over the shoulders and cape. The Back. — Apparently short; very broad and well rounded. The Cushion. — Rising very full from the back at base of hackle or Cape; very large and round in form, the profuse plumage flowing over the tips of the wings and well into the thigh fluff, almost covering the tail feathers. The Tall. — Short and broad at base; well filled underneath with a profusion of soft feathers and nearly enveloped in the tail eoverts, which help form the cushion. The Shoulders. — Broad and flat across under the hackle. The Breast. — Carried low in front; full and well rounded; with great breadth and depth. The Body. — From point of breast to abdomen, broad, deep, full and well rounded; medium in length; the abdomen very full and round from breast bone to tail; with great length and fulness of feather; well let down between the legs. The Wings. — Small and completely folded; the fronts embedded in the plumage of the breast;- the tips concealed between the cushion and thigh plumage; the wing bows smooth and exceedingly well cupped or rounded; loose or hang- ing flights very objectionable. The Legs. — Medium in size ; straight, strong and set well apart. The Thighs. — Moderately long, with great profusion of long, soft outstanding fluff plumage, completely hiding the hocks and covering the shanks almost to the feet. The Hocks. — Covered with a profusion of soft, flexible feathers, curving inward about the joints and free from vulture hocks. The Shanks. — Short and stout in bone; the plumage long and very profuse. The Toes. ^ Straight and well spread; the middle and outer toes being completely feathered to their tips. , 4 CO BUFF COCHINS. BUFF COCHINS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Shanks other than yellow in color; vulture hocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general dis- qualifications.) COLOR OF THE JIA1.E. Beak. — Rich yellow. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Rich yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout, one even shade of rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bows, and saddle richly glossed with a metallic lustre; under-color, a lighter shade, as free as possi- ble from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference, Black or white showing in wings or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings, or breast or in two or more of those sections shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of tuff in all sections is most desirable. BUFF COCHINS. 51 COIiOR OF XHE Fli:jHALiIi:. Beak. — Rich yellow. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Rich yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout one even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head and neck plumage showing a metallic lustre of the same shade as the. rest of the plumage; under-color, a lighter shade, as free as possible from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wings or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings or breast or in two or more of those sections shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. 52 PARTRIDGE COCHINS. PARTRIDGE COCHINS. DISQUALIFIC ATXOHS . Shanks other than yellow or dusky yellow in color; positive •white extending into web of tail feathers of cockerels; vulture liocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifications.) COliOtt OF THE jnALiX:. Beak. — Yellow or horn. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Head. — Bright red. Neck. — Bright red or dark orange with a distinct black stripe extending down each feather, running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather and tapering to a point near its extremity; the red or dark golden edge of feather to be free from black. Back. —Dark reddish brown. Saddle, bright red or dark orange red, with a black stripe down the center of each feather, the same as in the hackle; the red or dark golden edge of the feather to be free from black. Under-color, dark slate. Breast. — Rich, deep black. Body and Fluff. — ■ Body, rich, deep black. Fluff, black. . Wings. — Bows, red; the fronts black; primaries, black on the inside web with a bay edging on the outside web. Secondaries, black on the inside web, rich bay on the outside web, terminat- ing with greenish-black at the end of each feather. Wing cov- PARTRIDGE COCHINS. 55 erts, greenish-biack forming a well defined bar of that color across the wiog when folded. Tail. — Black. Sickles and covtrts, glossy greenish-blacki Lesser coverts, glossy greenish-black, or glossy black edged with red or dark orange red. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shank plumage, black or brownish-black. Toe plumage, black or brownigh-black. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. coIjOU. of the: vethaiaTE. Beak. — Yellow or horn. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. — Bright red. •Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Head. — Rich brown. Neck.' — Bright red or dark orange red with a distinct black stripe extending down each feather, running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather and tapering to a point near its extremity; the black stripe may be slightly penciled, the red or dark golden edge of feather to be free from black. Back. — Mahogany red distinctly penciled with brown or black, the outlines of the penciling conforming to the shape of the feather. Under-color, dark slate. Breast. — Mahogany red 'distinctly penciled with brown or black, the penciling being of the same character as that of the back and reaching well up to the throat. Body and Fluff. — Mahogany, red distinctly penciled with brown or black. Wings. — Bows, mahogany red, distinctly penciled with brown or black; primaries, a very dark brown or blackish- brown; secondaries, the inner web a blackish-brown the outer web. a blackish brown penciled with lighter brown. Coverts, 54 PARTRIDGE COCHINS. mahogany red, penciled with brown or blaclc, penciling to con- form to shape of feather. Tail. — Black, except the two highest main tail feathers which are penciled. Coverts, well penciled, the same as breast and body. Legs and Toes. — Thigh plumage, the same shade of color as body plumage and distinctly penciled. Shank plumage, same as that of the thighs and distinctly penciled. Toe plumage same as that of the shank. Shanks and feet, yellow or duskr yellow. WHUE COCHINS. 55 WHITE COCHINS. BISQU AERIFICATIONS . Shanks other than yellow in color; vulture hocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general dis- qualifications.) COEiOB OF 1TIAL.E: AND FEMAIiE. Beak. — Bright yellow. Eyes. — Red or bay. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Tees. — Bright yellow. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. S6 BLACK COCHINS. BLACK COCHINS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Shanks other than black or yellow, or black gradually shad- ing into yellow; bottom of feet other than yellow in color; vul- ture hocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; feathers other than black in any part of plumage, except in foot or toe feather- ing, also in under-color of neck of bantam males; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cock- erels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF ]TIAL,E AND FEmALE. Beak. — Black, or black with yellow edge. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Black or yellow, black gradually shading into yellow preferred. Bottoms of feet yellow. Plumage. — One uniform, lustrous, beetle-green shade of black on surface, and sound under-color to skin. Purplish or brown- ish shades of black objectionable, white very objectionable. LANGSHANS. C f LANGSHANS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock lo lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6 lbs. SHAPE OF XHE 1TIAL.E. Head. — Of medium size and rather broad. Beak. — Stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Single, rather large, perfectly straight and upright, evenly serrated, having five points, fine in texture. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium length, weli rounded, fine in texture. Ear-lobes, well developed, pendent, fine in texture. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length, broad, flat at the shoulders, with a. decided rise from the middle thereof to the tail, and with abundant saddle feathers flowing well over the sides. Breast. — Broad, round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep and thick in front of the thighs; skin, white. Fluff, fairly developed, but not so abundant as to hide the profile of the hock joints. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded and carried close to the body; Tall. — Large, full, well spread at the base and carried well up but not too close to a perpendicular line at the junction of the tail and back. Sickles, long, and extending decidedly beyond the tail. Coverts, long; the longer they are the better. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, strong and well covered with soft 58 LANGSHANS. feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout in bone, standing well apart, and feathered down the outer sides. Toes, long, straight, slender, the outer toes feathered to their extremities. SHAPE OF THE FEMALiE. Head. — Smaller than in male and less broad. Beak. — Stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Single, smaller than in the male, perfectly straight and upright, evenly serrated, with fi-ve points, fine in texture. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, fairly developed, well Tounded, fine in texture. Ear-lobes, fairly developed, fine in texture. Neck. — Of medium length, with full hackle. Back. — Of medium length, broad, flat at the shoulders, full in the cushion, which rises in a straight line well on to the tail. Breast. — Broad, round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep, thick, well balanced. Fluff, abundant, much heavier than in the male. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded and carried close to the body. Tall. — Well spread at the base, carried not so high as in the male, but well above and beyond the cushion, and furnished with long coverts. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, strong, and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, small-boned, standing well apart, and feathered down the outer sides. Toes, long, ■straight, slender, the outer toes feathered to their extremities, middle toes, bare, BLACK LANGSHANS. Jfj BLACK LANGSHANS. DISQUALIFICATIOKS. Yellow skin; bottom of the feet yellow in any part; combs- other than single; ^ inch white in any part of the plumage: except the foot or toe feathering; coclcs not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing six pounds; cockerels not weighing, seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general, disqualifications.) COI^OK OF XHE raAL,E AND FX:iTIAI.E. Beak. — Dark horn shading to a pinkish color near the lower edge. Eyes. — Dark brown or hazel. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Skin on Bedy. — Pinkish-white or flesh color. Shanks and Toes. — Bluish-black, showing pink between the Kales. Web and Bottom of Feet. — Pinkish-white, Plumage. — Neck, back, saddle, sickles, coverts, glossy metallic black, with greenish sheen; breast, primaries, secon- daries, tail, fluff, shank and toe feathers, black; undercolor, black or dark slate. Purple bars and tinge a serious defect. 6o WHITE LANGSHANS. WHITE LANGSHANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Yellow skin; bottom of the feet yellow in any part; combs other than single; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing six pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifica- tions.) COI.OR OF THE mAIiE AND FEMALE. Eyes. — Dark brown, or hazel. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Slaty blue showing pink between the scales. Plumage. — White throughout. MEDITERRANEAN CLASS. 6l CLASS III. MEDITERRANEAN. Leghorn . Breeds. Varieties. 'Brown. Rose-comb Brown. White. Rose-comb White. Black. Buff. I, Silver Duckwing. Ancona Mottled. ^^o^^.::.... j^^?^ Andalusian Blue. Spanish -.. . Black. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, 8 Size, lo Condition, 5 Head — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Comb, . lo Wattles and Ear-lobes — Wattles 4, Ear-lobes 6, total. . lo Neck — Shape 3, Color 4, total . . . . . . 7 . Back — Shape 3, Color 4, total . ' . . . 7 Breast— Shape 6, Color 4, total ... . , • . '" Body and Fluff— Shape 3, Cblor 3, total . . . . ^.J> Wings — Shape 4, Colpr 4, total . . . . . '8 Tail — Shape, 4, Color 4, total 8 Legs and Toes, 7 62 LEGHORNS. LEGHORNS. SHAPE OF THE mAI Shanks and Toes. — Wh'te or pinkish-white. Plumage. — Pure white. 8o BLACK SPANISH. BLACK SPANISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or dark leaden-blue in color except the natural fading with age; decided red in the face or above the eyes; face so puffy as to obstruct the sight; false color in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 6J lbs. Cockerel , 6A lbs. Pullet 5i lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Long, broad and deep. Beak. — Rather long, stout. Face. — Long, deep, smooth, free from wrinkles, vising well over the eyes, in an arched form, extending towards the back of the head and to the base of the beak, covering the cheeks and joining the wattles and ear-lobes, the greater the depth of the surface the better. Comb. — Single, medium, perfectly straight and upright, firm and even upon the head, deeply and evenly serrated, having five points, not too thick at the edge, rising from the base of beak, and extending in an arched form over the back of the head. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, smooth, very long, thin, ribbon like, pendulous. Ear-lobes, very large, smooth, free from folds or wrinkles, extending well on to each side of the neck, hanging down very low, regularly rounded on their lower edge, meeting in front behind the wattles. BLACK SPANISH. , 8 1 Neck. — Long, arched, with abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Medium in length and breadth, slanting evenly to the tail. Breast. — Full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, rather long, of medium width in front and tapering to the rear. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, expanded, carried to form an obtuse angle with the line of the back. Sickles, large, long and well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rather long, and of good size. Shanks, long, of medium size. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF XHX: FlEJTIAIiE. Head. — Similar to that of the male, but smaller. Beak. — Rather long, stout. Face. — Smooth, free from wrinkles, rising well over the ej . in an arched form, extending towards the back of the head aiwi to the beak, covering the cheeks and joining the wattles an4 ear-lobes, the greater the breadth of the surface the better. Comb. — Single, large, drooping to one side, evenly serrated, with five points. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, smooth, small, well rounded. Ear-lobes, large, smooth, rather thin, free from folds or wrinkles, well expanded, regularly rounded on their lower edge, pendent. Neck. — Long and arched. Back. — Medium in length and breadth, slanting evenly to the tail. Breast. — Full and prominent Body and Fluff. — Body, rather long and of medium width. Fluff, short. 6 82 ' BLACK SPANISH. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, carried similar to that of the male, ;he upper two main tail-feathers being slightly curved, especially in pullets. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rather long, medium in size. Shanks, long, of medium size. Toes, straight. COI.OB OF THE MA1.E AND FEMAIiB. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Pure white. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red, except the Inside of the upper part, which is white. In females, bright red. Ear-lobes, pure white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, blue or dark leaden-blue. Toes, blue or dark leaden-blue. Plumage. — Greenish-black, free from purple bars. POLISH CLASS. 83. CLASS IV. POLISH. Breed. POUSH . Varieties. White Crested Black. Golden. Silver^ White. Bearded Golden. Bearded Silver. Bearded White. Bu£f Laced. SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE POUSH CLASS. Typical Carriage, Size, . ■ Condition, Head — Shape-3, Color 3, Comb and Crest — Comb 5, Crest 10, Wattles and Ear-lobes 4, Beard* 4, Neck — Sh.ape 3, Color 3, . Back — Shape 4, Color 4, Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 5, Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, Tail -^ Shape 4, Color 4, Legs and Toes, * 8 6 6 6 15 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 5 * Omit ** Beard " in the unbearded varieties, and give the whole 8 point! toi "Wattles and Ear-lobee." 34 POLISH. SHAPE OF THE Tn.A.l.E. Head. — Large, with a considerable protuberance -on the top of skull. Beak. — Medium length and straight. Nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the ordinary curved line of the beak. Crest and Comb. — Comb, leaf, like the letter V in shape, of ■small size, the smaller the better, retreating into the crest. natural absence of the same preferable. Crest, very large, thick, flowing, well fitted upon the crown of the head, rising well in front so as not to obstruct the sight and falling over ■upon both sides and behind in a regular even mass, composed D FE!fIAL.E. Comb. — Red. Crest. ^ White, with a narrow band of black feathers at base of feathers in front, ihe fewer {h<: better. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Shanks and Toes. — IV-ue or dark leaden blue. Plumage Excapt Crest. — BUck with a metallic greenish lus- tre to surface color, free from purple bars. BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. 87 BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except the natural fad- ing with age. (See general disqualifications.) ■* coiiOB •!' xhe: mAiiE. Beak. — Dark horn. Comb. — Red. Face. — Red. Crest. — Rich bay laced with black; in adult birds white feathers may appear, but the fewer the better. Beard, golden bay laced with black. ■ Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, imperceptible. Ear-lobes, immaterial. Neck. — Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Back. — Plumage, golden bay, each feather ending with black approaching the letter V in shape. Saddle feathers, abu.ndant, each feather laced with black, the texture of the feather giving a rayed appearance. Breast. — Golden bay, free from mossing, each feather laced with black, lacings being proportioned to the size of the feathers. Body and FInff. — Body, golden -bay, each feather laced with biack. Fluff, bay, powdered with black. Wings. — Primaries, bay ending with black, the black taper- ing to a point on the lower edge. Secondaries, golden bay with well-defined black lacing. Coverts, golden bay, each feather laceH with black, widest at the end. Tail. — Golden bay, each feather ending with black. Sickles and coverts, golden bay, each feather ending with black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, bay, prominently marked with black. Shanks and toes, blue or slaty-blue. Under-color. — Black or dark slate. 88 BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. COE.OR OF TBE FEITEAI^E. Beak. — Dark born. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Red. Crest. — In pullets, black laced with bay, which, after first moult, should be golden bay laced with black. Wattles and Ear-Lobes. — Wattles, imoerceptible. Ear-lobes, white. Beard. — Black with small goldfn bay centers. Neck. — Golden bay laced with black. Back. — Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Breast. — Golden bay, free from mossing, each feather laced with black. Body and Fluff. — Body, golden bay. each feather laced with black. Fluff, of a lighter shade of bay. Wings. — Primaries, golden bay, each feather ending with black, the black tapering to a point on the lower edge. Second- aries, golden bay, with well-defined black lacing. Bows, golden bay, each feather laced with black. Coverts, golden bay, each feather laced with black, the black growing' wider at the extrem- ity, forming two distinct bars across the wings. Tall. — Golden bay, each feather laced with black, the black wider at the extremity. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, bay, each feather laced wiih black. Shanks and toes, blue or slaty-blue. Under-color. — Black or dark slate. BEARDED SILVER POLISH AND BEARDED WHITE POLISH. 89- BEARDED SILVER POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except natural fading- with age. (See general disqualifications.) COL.OR OF the: MAIiE AND FEniALE. Same as in Bearded Golden, substituting white for bay or golden bay in plumage. BEARDED WHITE POLISH. BISQUALIFIC ATIOnS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except the natural fad- ing with age. (See general-disqualifications.) COI^OR OF THE IHAIiS: AND FEIIIAIiE. Color, same as in Bearded Golden Polish, except plumage, which must be pure white. ■go WHITE POLISH AND BUFF LACED POLISH. SILVER, GOLDEN AND WHITE POLISH. The same as the bearded varieties in every respect including disqualifications and descriptien of shape and color with the •exception of beard. (See general disqualifications.) BUFF LACED POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except with natural fad- ing with age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THK IUAIiE: AND FEMALE. Same as in Bearded Golden, except plumage, which should be a rich buff with a narrow pale lacing, except in beard and body, ■which may be of a paler shade. HAMBURG CLASS. 9» CLASS V. HAMBURG. Hamburg. Redcaps. Varieties. ' Golden Spanglecfi. Silver Spangled. Golden Penciled, Silver Penciled.. White. Black. SCALE OF POIBTS FOR TEE HAMBURG CLASS. Typical Carriage Condition, Head — Shape 3, Color 3, . Comb Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck — Shape 3, Color 5, Back — Shape 4, Color 4, . Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, . Body and Fluff — Shape 4, Color 4, Wings — Shape 4, Color 6, Tail — Shape 4, Color 6, Legs and Toes, .... S 6 6 10 10 » & 10 8 10 10 6 SHAPE OF THE IIIA1.E. Head. — Short and small. Beak. — Of medium size. Comb. — Rose, not so large as to overhang the eyes or beak, square in front, free from hollow in the center, uniform on each 92 HAMBURG CLASS. side, firm and even upon the head without inclining to one side, the top covered with small points or corrugations, terminating at the rear in a spike which very slightly inclines upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, broad, thin, well rounded, free from wrinkles. Ear-lobes, of medium size, fiat, round, smooth, and even, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Tapering with full hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body round and symmetrical. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large, and carried rather low. Tail. — Full, well expanded, carried moderately upright, but not erect. Sickles, well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium size. Shanks, medium iength. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEITIAL,E. Mead. — Short and small. Beak. — Of medium size. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of male but smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, small, flat, round or almond-shaped, smooth, even, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Tapering, with full hackle. Back. — Of medium length with a short sweep to tail. Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, round and symmetrical. Fluff rather short. Wings. — Large and carried rather low. , Tail. — Full, somewhat expanded, carried moderately upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium size and well developed. Shanks, rather short and slender. Toes straight. GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. 93 GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Red in ear-lobes, covering more than one-third their surface; combs other than rose or falling over to one side, or so large as to obstruct the sight; absence of distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescentic; hen-feathered male; shanks other than blue or leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifica- tions.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Rich deep bay. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Plumage, rich deep bay with a glossy, greenish-black stripe extending down the center of each feather, terminating in a point near the extremity. Back. — Plumage, rich, glossy reddish-bay, spangled with greenish-black, the texture of the feather giving the spangles a rayed appearance. Saddle feathers, deep reddish-bay with a. glossy greenish-black stripe down the center of each feather, the same as in the hackle. Breast. — Reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large glossy greenish spangle, the spangles being proportioned to the size of the feather. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and markings to that of the breast. 94 GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. Wings. — Bows, deep reddish-bay distinctly spangled with glossy greenish-black. Primaries, upper web black, lower web bay. Secondaries, rich reddish-bay, each feather ending with a glossy greenish-black crescent. Coverts, clear reddish-bay free from lacing, each feather ending with a large greenish- black spangle, forming two distinct parallel greenish-black bars across the wing. Tail. — Glossy greenish-black. Sickles, glossy greenish- black. Coverts, glossy greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, reddish-bay, each feather ending with a greenish-black spangle. Shanks, blue or leaden-blue. Toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-color. — Elaok or dark slate. COLOR OF THB FEITIALB. Head. — Deep reddish-bay. Betk. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Deep reddish-bay, with a glossy greenish-black stripe extending down the center of each feather, terminating in a point near the extremity. Back. — Clear reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large greenish-black spangle, the spangles being proportioned to the size of the feather. Breast. — Deep reddish-bay, free from mossing or la.cing, each feather ending with a large greenish-black spangle, the spangles being proportioned to the size of the feather. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and markings to that of the breast. Wings. — Bows, clear reddish-bay distinctly spangled with glossy greenish-black. Primaries, upper web black, lower web, GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. 95 bay. Secondaries, rich reddish-bay, each ending with a glossy greenish-black crescent or half moon. Coverts, clear, reddish- bay, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large green- ish-black spangle forming two distinct parallel greenish-black bars across the wings. Tail. — Greenish-black. Coverts, reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a glossy greenish- black spangle. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, reddish-bay, each feather ending with a greenish-black spangle. Shanks and toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-COlar. — Black or dark slate. Note. — In all sections where the word " spangle " appears, read upper portion of spangle following the web of feather to the shaft. g6 SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS. SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Red in ear-lobes covering more than one-third of surface; combs other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in front; the absence of distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescentic; hen-feathered males; shanks other than blue or leaden-blue m color. (See general disqualifications.) COIiOR OF THE mAliE. Head. — White. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Clear white, the longer feathers ending with a. small black spangle, presenting a rayed appearance. Back. — Clear silvery white, spangled with black, the texture of the feather giving the spangles a rayed appearance. Saddle, clear silvery white, ending with a small black spangle. Breast. — Clear silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each ending with a large black spangle, the upper portion of the spangle following the web of feather to the shaft, the spangle being proportioned to the size of the feather. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and markings to that of the breast. Wings. — Bows, silvery white distinctly spangled with black. Primaries, white, each feather edged with black at the end. Secondaries, clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a large black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Coverts, silvery white, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large black spangle, forming two distinct parallel bars across the wings. SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS. 97 Tail. — White on the outside, each feather ending with a large black spangle. Sickles, pure white, ending with a black spangle shaped like those upon the breast. Coverts, pure white ending with black spangles. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, silvery white, each feather ending; with a black spangle. Shanks and toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-color. — Black or dark slate. coiiOR OF THE female:. Head. — White. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark bay. Face. — Red. Comb. - Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — White, each feather ending with a small black spangle; Back. — Silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large black spangle. Breast. — Clear silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a black spangle, the spangle being proportioned to the size of the feathers. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and marking to that of the breast. Wings. — Bows, silvery white distinctly spangled with black. Primaries, white, each feather ending with a black spangle. Secondaries, clear silvery white, each feather ending with a, large black spangle shaped like a half moon. Coverts, silvery white, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large black- spangle forming two distinct parallel black bars across the wings. Tail. — White on the outside, each feather ending with a large black spangle. Coverts, white on the outside, each feather ending with a blacl? spangle. Legs and Toes. -^ Thighs, silvery white, each feather ending; with a black spangle. Shanks and toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-color. — Black or dark slate. Note. — In all sections where the word " spangled " appears, read upper portion of the spangle following the web of feather to the shaft. 7 igS GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURGS. GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of surface; combs other than rose or falling; over to one side or so large as to obstruct 'the sight in front; breast of hen not penciled; shanks other than t)lue or leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THG IHAI.E. "Head. — Plumage, rich, bright bay. Beak. — Blue or horn. £yes. — Bright red. face. — Bright red. Beak. — Blue or horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Other ■ than hackle, clear, silvery-white, free froro mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled across witb parallel bars of greenish-black; hackle, ifhite in color. Back. — Clear silvery-white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled acoss with parallel bars of greenish-black. Breast. — Plumage, clear silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black. Body and Fluff. — Body, silvery-white, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black, the bars -forming, as nearly as possible, parallel lines across the bird_ ■Fluff, white, penciled with black. Wings. — Bows, clear siJvery-white, distinctly penciled wittu greenish-black. Primaries, silvery-white. Secondaries, sil- very-white, penciled across with greenish-black. Coverts, silvery-white, penciled across with greenish-black. Tall. — Silvery-white penciled across with greenish black. Coverts, silvery-white, free from mossing or lacing, penciled across with greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, silvery-white, penciled across with greenish-black. Shanks, blue or leaden-blue. Toes, same-as^ the shanks. Under-CO!or. — Bluish gray. WHITE HAMBURGS. WHITE HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of surface; comb other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in front; hen-feathered males; shanks other than blue «r leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF XHB MALiE: ANB FElTIAIiE:. Face. — Red. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Blue or leaden-blue. Plumage. — White throughout, quills also. BLACK HAMBURGS. lOJ BLACK HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of the surface; cotntx other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in front; white in the face of cockerels or pullets; shanks other than leaden-blue or black in color. (See: "general disqualifications.) COL.OR OF MALE AND FE9IA1.E. Face. — Red. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Leaden-blue or black. Plumage. — Greenish-black throughout. I04 REDCAPS. REDCAPS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Solid white ear-lobes; combs other than rose; foreign-colored leathers indicating impurity, except white in the tail and primaries; mottled breast upon the male; shanks other than «latp or leaden-blue in color, except the natural fading with age. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7i lbs. Hen 6i lbs. Cockerel 6 lbs. Pullet 5 ">s. The scale of points for Redcaps the same as for Class l. See page 15. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Short and deep. Beak. — Rather long, stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Rose, large, the larger the better, not overhanging the eyes, square in front, free from hollow in the center, uniform on each side, firm and even upon the head, without inclining to one side, the top covered with small points or corrugations, ter minating at the rear in a well-developed and straight spike. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium size. Ear-lobes, ■of medium size. Neck. — Rather long, with full hackle flowing well over the -shoulders. Back. — Of medium length and sloping to the tail. Saddle leathers, long and sweeping. REDCAPS. 105 Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, round, broadest in front and tapering to the rear. Fluff, rather short. • Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Full, well expanded, carried moderately upright, but not erect. Sickles, long, well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and well devel- oped. Shanks, rather long. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEmALE. Head. — Short and deep. Bealt. — Rather long, stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of the male, but smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium size. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck. — Rather long, with full hackle. Back. — Long. Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and. Fluff. — Body, long and deep. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Long.'fuU, well expanded, carried moderately upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and well devel- oped. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight;. COI.OR OF THE mAliE. Head. — Plumage, rich dark red. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Io6 REDCAPS. Neck. — Plumage, blue-black, each feather edged with red, the entire hackle shading off to black at the base. Back. — Plurtlage, rich red and black. Saddle feathers, rich, dark red, with a bluish-black stripe down the center of each feather. Breast. — Plumage, rich purplish-black. Body and Fluff. — Body, plumage, black. Fluff, black. Wings. — Bows, rich, deep mahogany red. Primaries, dull black. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web, black with a broad edging of brown. Coverts, rich, deep nut-brown, each feather ending with a black spangle, shaped like a half moon, forming a black bar across the wings. Tail. — Greenish-black. Sickles, greenish-black. Coverts, greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shanks, slate or leaden- blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. COLOR OF THE FEiTIAliE. Head. — Plumage, brown. Beak. — Light horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, and ear-lobes, bright red. Neck. — Plumage, black, each feather laced with golden-red. Back. — Plumage, rich nut-brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Breast. — Plumage, rich nut-brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Body and Fluff. ^ Body, plumage, similar to that of the breast, but shading off lighter on the under parts. Fluff, black powdered with brown. Wings. — Bows, rich nut-brown, each feather ending with a REDCAPS. 107 bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Primaries, dull black, with a narrow edging of brown on the lower web. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web black with a broad edging of brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Coverts, similar in color and markings to the bows. Tail. — Dull black, coverts, brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, plumage, light brown. Shanks, elate or leaden-blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. I08 FRENCH CLASS. CLASS VI. FRENCH. Breeds. Varieties, HouDAN Mottled. Crevecceur Black. La Fleche Black. SCALB OF POINTS FOR THB FRBHCH CLASS. Bxcept La Fleche, Which are Subject to the Scale of Paints for the American Class. Typical Carriage, .... ... 8 Weight 6 Condition, . ........ 6 Head — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Comb and Crest — Comb 4, Crest 8, 12 Wattles, Ear-lobes and Beard, (Wattles and Ear-lobes 2, Beard 4) 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, ..... 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3, .... 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Legs and Toes, 8 100 HOUDANS. 109 HOUDANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Absence of crest or beard ; feathers other than black or white, fal any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7 lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 6 lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. SHAPE OF XHK MAliE. Head. ^Of medium size and carried well up. Beak. — Of moderate length, well curved. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large. Comb and Crest. — Comb, leaf, like the letter V in shape, of small size, resting agjainst the front of the crest. Crest, large, well fitted upon the crown oi the head, falling backward upon the neck, and composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle. Beard. — Full, strongly developed, curving around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, of uniform length, well rounded, nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, entirely concealed by the crest and beard. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length, broad, and slightly sloping toward the base of the tail. Saddle feathers, abundant. no IIOUDANS. Breast. — Round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact and well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Moderately large, well folded, the bows concealed by the breast feathers and the points by the saddle feathers. Tail. — Full and expanded. Sickles and coverts, abundant and well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and large. Shanks of medium length. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth, which should be detached from the others and curve upwards. SH.4PE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Of medium size. Beak. — Of moderate length, well curved. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large and full. Comb and Crest. — Comb, leaf, similar to that of the male. Crest, large, compact and regular, inclining backward in an unbroken mass. Beard. — Full, strongly developed, curving around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. Wattles, Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, of uniform length, well rounded, -nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, entirely concealed by the crest and beard. Neck. — Of medium length, and well arched. Back. — Of medium length, broad, and slightly sloping toward the base of the tail. Breast. — Round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact and well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Moderately large and well folded. Tail. — Of medium length, rather compact, and carried moderately upright. HOUDANS. Ill Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and strong. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except tlw fifth, which should be detached from the others and curve upwards. COL.OR OF THU MALiE AND FEinAEiE. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, pinkish-white mottled or shaded with lead color or black. Toes, same as shanks. Plumage. — Black and white intermixed, the black slightly predominating. Wing-bows and secondaries, black. Pri- maries, black and white intermixed. J 12 CREVECCEURS. CREVECCEURS. DISQUALIFICATIOHS. Absence of crest or beard; pure white in any part of the plum- age extending over one-half of an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white; shanks other than black or dark lead color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock S lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet 6 Ibs; SHAPE OF THE MAL,E. Head. — Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull. Beak. — Strong and well curved. Nostrils. — Broad and highly arched. Eyes. — Full, bright, expressive of vigor. Face. — Almost wholly concealed by the crest and beard. Comb. — Leaf, like the letter V in shape, of medium size, rest- ing against the front of the crest. Crest. — Large, well fitted upon the crown of the head, regu- lar, inclining backwards, and composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, sm.all, of uniform length, well rounded, nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, small, nearly concealed by the crest and beard. Beard. — Full, thick, extending around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. CREVECCEURS. - I13 Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Broad and straight. Saddle feathers abundant. Breast. — ; Broad and full, rounding well to the shoulders. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact and well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Of medium size and well folded. Tail. — Full, expanded and carried moderately upright Sickles and coverts, abundant and well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and strong. Shanks, short, fine in bone, standing well apart. Toes, four upon each foot, straight, well spread. SHAPE OF THE FEmAEiE. Head. — Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull. Beak. — ^.Strong and well curved. Nostrils. — Broad and highly arched. Eyes. — Full, bright, expressive of vigor. Face. — Almost wholly concealed by the crest and beard. Comb. — Leaf, like the letter V in shape, small, as nearly con- cealed by the crest as possible. Crest. — Large, compact, even, globular, inclining backward in an unbroken mass. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, of uniform length, well rounded, nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, small, entirely concealed by the crest and beard. Beard. — Full, thick, extending around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. Neck. — Of medium length, thick and well arched. Back. — Broad and straight. Breast. — Broad and full, rounding well to the shoulders. 114 CREVECCEURS. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact, and well proportioned, Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Of medium size and well folded. Tail. — Moderately expanded at the base, converging to the tip, and carried moderately upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and strong. Shanks, short, fine in bone. Toes, four upon each foot, straight, well spread. COLOR OF THE ItlAIiH AND FEIVIAIiE. Beak. — Black, shading into horn at the tip. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, black, or dark lead. Toes, the same color as shanks. Plumage. — Rich glossy black throughout. LA FLECHE. II5 LA FLECHE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Presence of crest; pure white in any part of the plumage- extending over one-half of an inch, or two or more feathers^ tipped or edged with positive white; shanks other than black or leaden-black in color. (See general disqualifications.) stahsard weights. Cock »ilbs. Hen 7i Ibs- Cockerel 7I lbs. Pullet 4 lbs. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, ... 8 Weight 6 Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Comb, 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes, 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6, la Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Breast— Shape 5, Color 5, lo- Body and Flufi — Shape 5, Color 3 8 Wings -~ Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Legs and Toes, ,* lOOi ai6 LA FLECHE. shape; of the nAi^E. Head. — Long and of njedium size. Beak. — Rather long, strong, and well curved. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large. Face. — Rather bare. Comb. — V-shaped, of medium size, branching and anller-like, like two horns pointing upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, long, well rounded, pendu- lous. Ear-lobes, large. Neck. — Long, carried very upright but not backward, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Broa-1, very long, and slanting to the tail. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Broad, full and very prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, large, powerful, tapering to the tail, with close plumage. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Long, powerful and well folded. Tall. — Very long, full, and carried rather low. Sickles, abundant. Coverts, well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and powerful. Shanks, long, ■stout in bone. Toes, straight, large. SH.4PE OF THE FE!tlAl,E. Head. — Long and of medium size. Beak. — Rather long, strong, well curved, black or dark horn in color. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large, bright red. Face. — Rather bare, bright red. Comb. — V-shaped, small, branching and antler-like, like two "horns pointing upward, the branches standing rather erect or slightly inclining forward. LA FLECHE. uy Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, well rounded. Ear. Jobes, small. Neck. — Long, carried very upright but not backward, with iull hackle. Back. — Broadj^ long and slanting to the tail. Breast. — Broad full and prominent. Body and FlufT. — Body, large, deep, and tapering to the tail. Tluff, rather short. Wings. — Long, powerful and well folded. Tail. — Long, well expanded, and carried upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and powerful. Shanks, long, ■stout in bone. Toes, straight, large. COIiOR OF the: male and FEJHAIiE. Beak. — Black or dark horn, with a small knob of bright red fiesh at the juncture of the beak and nostrils. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shrinks, black or leaden-black. Toes, the rsame color as shanks. Plumage. — Rich glossy black throughout. 1 T 8 DORKINGS. CLASS VII. DORKINGS. Breed. Varieties. ( White. Dorking < Silver Gray. ( Colored. SCALE OF FOUTTS FOR THE ENGLISH CLASS. Typical Carriage, . 8 Weight, 6 Condition, 6' Head — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Comb, 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6, 10 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Breast — Sh^pe 5, Color 5, 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3, .... 8 Wings — Shapfi 4, Color 4, . * 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Legs and Toes 8 io« DORKINGS. 119 SHAPE OF THE ITIAIiB. Head. — Rather large. Beak. — Of medium length, stout, well curved. Comb. — In Silver Gray and Colored Dorkings, single, medium in size having five points, evenly serrated, straight and upright. In White Dorkings, rose, square in front, firm and even upon the head, without inclining to one side, the top com- paratively flat and covered with small points or corrugations terminating in a large, straight spike in the rear. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, medium in size, pendent, well rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck. — Of medium length, large, arched, with abundant hackle, flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Broad and long. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Broad, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad, deep. Fluff, moder- ately small. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, full, somewhat expanded, and carried at a moderate elevation. Sickles and coverts, abundant and well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and large. Shanks, of medium length, stout. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth which should be detached from the others and curve slightly upwards. SHAPE OF THE FEIIIAE.E. Head. — Of medium size. Beak. — Of medium length, stout, well curved. Comb. — Similar to that of the male, but smaller. In Silver Gray and Colored Dorkings the forward portion should fall over to one side. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, rather broad, well rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. lao DORKINGS. Ncok. — Of medium length, large, and well arched. Back. — Long and broad. Breast. — Broad, deep, full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad and deep Fluff, moder- ately small. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, the main feathers broad, and carried at a moderate elevation. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length, and well devel- oped. Shanks, of medium length, stout. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth, which should be detached from the others and curve slightly upwards. WHITE DORKINGS. 121 WHITE DORKINGS. DISQUALIFICATIOnS. Absence of fifth toe; shanks other than white or flesh color, (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7j lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 6} lbs. Pullet 5 lbs- COLOR OF THE niAI.E AND FEMALE. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes., bright red. Shanks and Feet. — White or flesh color. Plumage. — Pure white throughout SILVER GRAY DORKINGS. SILVER GRAY DORKINGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Absence of fifth toe; shanks other than white or flesh color. XSee general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. ■Cock 8 lbs. Hen 6i lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet 5i lbs. COLOR OF XH£ mALE. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, red preferred. Neck. — Hackle, silvery-white, a small dark stripe in the cen- ter of each feather of the lower hackle allowable. Back and Saddle. — Silvery white. Cape. — Black. Breast. — Rich, glossy black. Body and Fluff. — Black. Wings. — Bows, silvery-white. Primaries, black on the upper web, white on the lower. Secondaries, black on the upper web, white on the lower. Coverts, glossy greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wing. SILVER GRAY DORKINGS 123; Tail. — Sickles, greenish-black, a little white at the base of tail in cock allowable. Coverts, rich glossy black, the lesser coverts having an edging of white. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, white or flesh color. COI.OR OF XHE FEmAIiB, Head. — Plumage, silvery-white or ashy-gray. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, recr\ preferred. Neck. — Silvery-white with a fine dark stripe in the center of each feather. Back. — Gray formed by silvery-white and ashy-gray finely mixed. Breast. — Salmon red shading oft to gray towards the sides. Body and Fluff. — Body, silvery or slaty-gray, free from dark- bars or marks across the feathers, the shafts of the feathers, may be white; under part of the body, gray. Fluff, gray. Wings. — Bows, silvery-gray, the shafts of the feathers white^ Primaries, upper web, dark brown; lower web, slaty-gray^ Secondaries, upper web, dark brown; lower web, slaty-gray.. Coverts, slaty-gray, free from red. Tail. — Dark mottled gray on the outside, and dark brown on, the inside. Legs and Toes. — Thigh, ashy-gray. Shanks and toes, whitft or flesh color. 124 COLORED DORKINGS. COLORED DORKINGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Absence of fifth toe; shanks other than white or flesh color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9 lbs. Hen ... 7 lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. .Pullet 6 lbs. COLOR OF THE inALx:. Head. — Plumage, ashy-gray. Beak. — Dark horn color. Face. — Bright red. Eyes. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright 'red. Ear-lobes, red preferred. Neck. — Dark straw color with a wide black stripe extending down the center of each feather. Back. — Cape, black. Saddle feathers, straw color, with a wide black stripe extending down the center of each feather. Breast. — Rich glossy black. Body and Fluff. — Black. Fluff, dull black. Wings. — Bows, straw color. Primaries, black or dark brown. Secondaries, black on the upper web, white on the lower. Butts, black. Coverts, glossy, greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wing. COLORED DORKINGS. 125 Tail. — Black, white feathers may appear, but are objection- able. Sickles, greenish-black. Coverts, rich glossy black, or black edged with straw color. ■ Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black, or black and white, black preferred. Shanks and feet, white or flesh color. COI.OR OF XBE F£inAL.F. Head. — Black, or nearly black. Beak. — Dark horn or white. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red. Comb. --Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, bright red preferred. Neck. — Black, with a narrow edging of gray upon the front feathers, the gray extending to the sides. Back. — Dark gray marked with black, the shafts of the feathers light. Breast. — Dark salmon edged with black. Shaft of feathers bright bay. Body and Fluff. — Dark brown or black slightly mixed with gray. Fluff, dull black or dark gray. Wings. — Bows, dark gray mixed with black. Primaries, dark brown. Secondaries, upper web black; lower web, dark gray. Coverts, dark gray mixed with black, the shaft of the feathers black. Tail. — Dark brown or gray on the outside, and black on the inside. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, dark gray or brown. Shanks and feet, white or flesh color. ii6 GAMES. CLASS VIII. GAMES AND GAME BANTAMS. Breeds. Same . Game Bantam. Varieties. Black-Breasted Red. Brown Red. Golden Duckwing. Silver Duckwing. Red Pyle. White. Black. Birchen. Black-Breasted Red. Brown Red. Golden Duckwing. Silver Duckwing. Red Pyle. White. Black. Birchen. GAMES. SCALE OF PODTTS. Typical Carriage — Neck 2, Body z, Tail 2, Wings 2, . .8 Beak, Head and Eyes — Shape 4, Color 4, . . . 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes or Trimming of Same — Shape 4, Color 2, Trimming 2, 8 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 GAMES. 127 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, 3 Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Thighs and Shanks — Shape 4, Color 4, .... 8 Feet — Shape 4, Color 2, 6 Condition and Hardness of Feather -^ Condition 10, Hard- ness of Feather 4, 14 100 DISQUALIFICATIONS . Cocks not dubbed ; any artificial coloring, trimming or pluck- ing foul feathers. (See General Disqualifications.) SHAPJB OF THE iHAI^E. Beak. — Long, tapering and slightly curved. Head. — Long, lean, bony, and neatly set on neck. Eyes. — Large, full, bright, with quick and fearless expression. Face. — Lean and thin, with fine skin. Comb. — Of cock, neatly and smoothly dubbed, leaving the head free from ridges or bunches; of cockerel, if undubbed, small,- straight, thin, erect, and evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Of cock.neatjy and smoothly dubbed; of cockerel, if undubbed, small, thin, round and smooth. • Neck. — Long, very slightly arched, tapering neatly and gradually from body to head, thin and clean at the throat, giv- ing a distinct outline to the head, and carried erect. Hackle, short and close. Back. — Flat, rather short, straight on top from hackle to tail, broad at the shoulders and narrowing to the stern. Breast. — Broad, round at the sides, and projecting forward but slightly beyond the wing-fronts when the bird is standing erect 12 8. GAMES. Body and Stern. — Body, fine and close on the under part; not deep. Stern, well tucked up underneath. Wings. — Large, powerful, the fronts standing out from the body at the shoulders, the feathers folded closely together, the points not extending beyond the body, and carried without drooping or being thrown over the back. Tail. — Rather short, compact and close, folded when the bird is standing at ease, and carried at a slight elevation. Sickle 'feathers, narrow, hard and tapering. Tail coverts, narrow, fine and short. Thighs and ShanllS. — Thighs, long and muscular, standing out from the body, but slightly sloping to the hocks. Shanks, long, clean, bony, standing evenly apart, with fine smooth scales, and free from bunches or ridges. Feet. — Large, clean and flat, the toes long, straight, well spread, with strong nails; the hind toe set on low and extend- ing backward. Plumage. — Short, hard and bright. Body in Hand. — Firm, compact and muscular. Carriage and Style. — Erect, fearless, alert. Size. — Extra large birds are not specially desirable on account of size, as overgrowth tends to coarseness at the expense of quality of form, color, and style of carriage, which are the features that give value to Game fowls. SHAPE OF THE FEMAIiE. Beak. — Long, tapering and slightly curved. Head. — Long, lean, bony, and neatly set on neck. Eyes. — Large, full, bright, with quick and fearless expres- sion. Face. — Lean and thin, with fine skin. Comb. — Small, straight, thin, erect, and evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, thin, and rounding. Ear-lobes small and fitting closely. GAMES. 129 Neck. — Long, very slightly arched, tapering neatly and gradually from body to head, thin and clean at the throat, giv- ing a distinct outline to the head, and carried erect. Hackle, short and close. Back. — Flat, rather short, straight on top from hackle to tail, broad at the shoulders and narrowing to the stern. Breast. — Broad, round at the sides, and projecting forward but slightly beyond the wing-fronts when the bird is standing erect. I Body and Stern. — Body, fine and close on the under part; not deep. Stern, well tucked up underneath. Wings. — Large, powerful, the fronts standing out from the body at the shoulders, the feathers folded closely together, the points not extending beyond the body, and carried without drooping or being thrown over the back. Tail. — Rather short, compact and close, folded when the bird is standing at ease, and carried at a slight elevation. TlligllS and SliankS. — Thighs, long and muscular, standing out from the body, but slightly sloping to the hocks. Shanks, long, clean, bony, standing evenly apart, with fine, smooth scales, and free from bunches or ridges. Feet. — Large, clean and flat, the toes long, straight, well spread, with strong nails; the hind toe set on low and extend- ing backward. Plumage. — Short, hard and bright. Body in Hand, — Firm, compact and muscular. Carriage and Style. — Erect, fearless, alert. Size. — Extra large birds are not specially desirable on account of size, as overgrowth tends to coarseness at the expense of quality of form, color, and style of carriage, which are the features that give value to Game fowls. 130 BLACK- BREASTED RED GAMES. BLACK-BREASTED RED GAMES. COLOR OF THE ]n.\£.E:. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, bright orange. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, light orange, free from black stripes. Back, — Red. Saddle, light orange, free from black stripes. Breast. — Black, up to the throat. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cover- ing space between wing-bovf and back, which should be red. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bow, red. Greater arid lesser wing- coverts, glossy black, forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primaries, black, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which should be bay. Secondaries, part of the outer web, form- ing wing-bay, bay, the remainder of the feathers black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers and tail coverts, lustrous tilack. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, willow. •Feet. — Willow. COliOR OF THK FEOTA1.E. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, golden brown. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. BLACK- BREASTED RED GAMES. ^i^ Neck. — Hackle, light golden, with dull black stripe through the middle of the leathers. Back. — Ground color, golden brown, finely penciled with darker brown. Breast. — Light salmon, shading oiT to ashy brown towards the thighs. Body and Stern. — Ashy brown. Wings. — Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bow, wing-coverts and secondaries, ground color, golden brown, finely penciled with a darker brown. Primaries, dull black or dark brown. Tail. — Dull black or dark brown, except the two top feathers, which should be powdered with light brown. Coverts, ground color, golden brown, evenly penciled with dark brown. TlligllS and Shanks. — Thighs, ashy brown. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow, t32 BKOWN RED GAMES. BROWN RED GAMES, COLOK OV TIIU nALU. Beak. — Black. Head. — Plumage, orange. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face and Jaws. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. Neck. — Hackle, lemon, with a narrow dark stripe through \he middle of the feathers. Back. — Lemon. Saddle, lemon, with a narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Breast. — Ground color black, the feathers evenly laced with, lemon. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cov- ering space between wing-bow and back, which should be lemon. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bow, lemon. Wing- coverts, glossy black. Primaries and secondaries, black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers and tail coverts, glossy black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or nearly black. Feet. — Dark willow or nearly black. COI>OR OF THK FRIHALE. Beak. — Black. Head. — Plumage, golden or lemon. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. BROWN RED GAMBS. 1 3 3: Neck. — Hackle, Irtmon, with narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Black. Breast. — Ground color Uack, the feathers evenly laced with lemon. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Black. Tail. — Black. Thighs and Shanks. —Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or black. Feet. — Dark willow or black. 3 34 GOLDEN DUCKWING GAMES- GOLDEN DUCKWING GAMES coiiOR OF the: jnALE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, straw color. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red Neck. — Hackle, straw color, free from black stripes. Bkck. — Golden. Saddle, straw color, free from black stripes. Breast. — Glossy black Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cover- ing space between the wing-bow and back, which should be .golden. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bow, golden. Greater and lesser wing coverts, glossy black, forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primaries, dull black, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which should be straw white. Secondaries, part of the outer web, forming wing-bay, straw-white, the remainder of the feathers black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers, lastrous black. Tail coverts, lustrous black, with gray at the roots. Lesser tail coverts, -straw. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. COI.OB OF THE FEiTIAIiE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, silver gray. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red GOLDEN DUCKWING GAMES. I35 Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neckr — Hackle, silver gray, with narrow dark stripes throughl. the middle of the feathers. Back. — Slaty gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Breast. — Deep salmon. Body and Stern. — Ashy gray. Wings. — Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bow, wing-coverts and. secondaries, slaty gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Pri- maries, blacTc or dark brown. Tail. — Dull black or dark brown, except the two top feathers- which should be powdered with gray. Thighs and Shanl(S. — Thighs, ashy gray. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. 136 SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. COLOR OF THE IHAIiE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, silvery white, free from black stripes. Back. — Silvery white. Saddle, silvery white, free from 'black stripes. Breast. — Black. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cover- ing space between wing-bow and back, which should be silvery white. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bows, silvery white. Wing, coverts, black, forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primar- ies, black, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which should be silvery white. Secondaries, part of the outer wefc, forming wing-bay, white, the remainder of the feathers black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers, lustrous black. Tail coverts, lustrous black, with gray at the roots. Lesser tail coverts, sil- 'very white. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. COLOR OF THE FEIdAliE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, silvery gray. Eyes.— Red. face. — Red. SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. 137 Cttinb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, silvery gray, with narrow black stripes through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Light gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Breast. — Very light salmon. Body and Stern. — Light ashy gray. Wings. — Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bows, wing-coverts and secondaries, light gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Primaries, dull black or dark brown. Tall. — Dull black or dark brown, except the two top feathers, which should be powdered with light gray. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, light ashy gray. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. 138 RED PYLE GAMES. RED PYLE GAMES. COI.OB OF THE mALE. Beak. — Yellow or willow. Head. — Plumage, bright orange or light red. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, orange or light red, free from dark stripes. Back. — Red or crimson. Saddle, orange' or light red, free from dark stripes. Breast. — White. Body and Stern. — White. Wings. — Shoulders, white, except the shoulder coverts, cov- ering space betwe«n wing. bow and back, which should be red or crimson. Wing-fronts, white. Wing-bow, red or crimson. Wing-coverts, white, forming a- distinct bar across the wing. Primaries, white, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which are bay. Secondaries, part of outer web forming wing- ba)-, red, the remainder of the feathers white. Tall. — White. Sickle and tail coverts, white. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, white. Shanks, yellow or willow; yellow preferred. Feet. — Yellow or willow; yellow preferred. COLOR OF TBE FEIHALK. Beak. — Yellow or willow. Head. — Plumage, golden red. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red. KED PVLE GAMES. 139 Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, white, the feathers edged with (olden. Back. — White. Breast. — Salmon. Body and Stern. — White. Wings. — White. Tall. — White. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, white. Shanks, yellow or wtt- low; yellow preferred. Feet. — Yellow or willow ; yellow preferred. 140 WHITE AND BLACK GAMES. WHITE GAMES. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALK. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Shanks and Feet. — Yellow. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. BLACK GAMES. COLOR OF THE iflALE AND FEmALE. Beak. — Black. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Deep red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Deep red. Shanks and Feet. — Black. Plumage. — Black, with metallic lustre. BIRCHEN GAMES. I41 BIRCHEN GAMES. COLOR OF THE ItlALE. Beak. — Black. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face and Jaws. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. Neck. — Hackle, silvery white, with a narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Silvery white. Saddle, silvery white, with a narrow: black stripe through the middle of the feathers. Breast. — Ground color black, the feathers evenly laced with' silvery white. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the. shoulder-coverts, cover- ing space between wing-bow and back, which should be silvery white. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bowsi'silvery white. Wing- coverts, glossy black. Primaries and secondaries, black. Tall. — .Black. Sickle feathers and tail-coverts, glossy black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or nearly black. Feet. — Dark willow or nearly black. COIiOR OF THF FEMALB. Beak.-— Black. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black: 142 BIRCHEN GAMES. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. Neck. — Hackle, silvery white, with a. narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Black. Breast. — Ground color black, the feathers evenly laced with silvery white. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Black. Tail. — Black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or black. Feet. — Dark willow or black. GAME BANTAMSi. GAME BANTAMS. 145, SCALE OF pomrs. Typical Carriage — Neck 2, Body 2, Tail 2, Wings a, . . & Weight 3, Beak, Head and Eyes — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, or Trimming of same — Shape 4, Color 2, Trimming 2, .... , g, Neck — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, .... . 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4 8- Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8- Thighs and Shanks — Shape 4, Color 4, .... 8' Feet — Shape 4, Color 2 6; Condition and Hardness of Feathers — Condition 7, Hard- ness of Feathers 4, ir ioq; DISQUALIFICATIONS. Cocks not dubbed; any artificial coloring, trimming or pluck- ing foul feathers; cocks weighing over 28 ounces; hens weigh- ing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See General Disqualifications.) STAITDAEU) WEIGSTS. Cock 22 oz. Hen 20 oz^ Cockerel 20 oz. Pullet 18 oa. SHAPE AND COCOR OF THK MAI^E AND FEmAIiB;. The general shape and color of Game Bantams shall be tll& same as in the corresponding varieties of Games. 1144 INDIAN GAMES. CLASS IX. ORIENTAL GAMES AND BANTAMS. Breeds. Varieties. , _ j Cornish, Indian Game -j white. Malay Black-breasted Red. Sumatra BJack. Malay Bantam Black-breasted Red. INDIAN GAMES. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9 lbs. Hen 6J lbs. Cockerel 7i lbs. Pullet Sj lbs. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage — Neck 2, Body 2, Tail a, Wings 2, , .8 Beak — Shape i, Color 2, 3 Head — Shape I, Color 1 2 Eyes — Shape I, Color 2, 3 Comb, ...■.....,, 4 Wattles, 2 Ear-lobes — Shape i, Color 2, 3 Neck — Shape 4, Color 3, ....... 7 INDIAN GAMCo. 145 Back — Shape 4, Color 3, 7 Breast — Shape 6, Color 4, 10 Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Wings — Shape 3, Color 4, 7 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Legs and Feet — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Condition and Hardness of Feather — Condition 6, hard- ness of Feather 4, 10 Weight, lo 100 SHAPE OF THE niAI.E. Beak. — Strong, well curved, stout, giving to the bird a pow- erful appearance. Head. — Of medium length and width, the crown slightly pro- jecting over the eyes. Face. — Smooth and fine in texture. Eyes. — Full, of good size, and with a bold and fearless expression. Comb. — Pea, small, firm and closely set upon the head. Dubbed males, deduct four points, the value of the comb. Wattles. — Very scant, smooth in texture and even. Ear-lobes. — Small and fine in texture. Neck. — Medium in length and slightly arched ; throat, dotted with small feathers. Hackle, moderately short, just nicely covering the base of the neck. Back. — The top line of the back slightly convex, sloping downward from the base of the neck to the tail, and slightly sloping from each side of the back-bone; very broad across the shoulders; well filled at the base of the neck, carrying its width well back to the juncture of the thighs, and then narrowing to the tail. Saddle feathers, rather short. Breast. — Wide, deep, well rounded at the sides, projecting orward slightly beyond the wing-fronts when standing erect. 146 INDIAN GAMES. Body and Stern. — Body well rounded at sides. Stern, well tucked up. Wings. — Medium in length, stout and closely folded, the fronts standing out prominently from the body at the shoulders, and points well rounded when folded, and should be closely tucked at the ends, and held about on a line with tail coverts. Tail. — Rather short, compact, and closely folded when the bird is standing at ease, and carried at a slight elevation. Sickles and coverts, very narrow. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, round, stout, of medium length, and well apart. Shanks, of medium length, notstilty, stout in bone, and smooth scaled. Feet, large, clean, and flat, the toes long, clean, straight and well spread, the hind toes set low and extending backwards, nails strong and well shaped. Plumage. — Short, hard, and very glossy. Body in Hand. — Firm, compact and muscular. Carriage and Style. — Very erect, upright, and commanding, giving an appearance of vigor and activity. Size. — Large, the larger the better, other qualities being equal. SHAPE OF the: FEniAI.E. Beak. — Strong, and well curved, stout, giving the bird a powerful appearance. Head. — Of medium length and width, the crown slightly pro- jecting over the eyes. Face. — Smooth and fine in texture. Eyes. — Full, of good size, and with a bold and fearless expression. Comb. — Pea, very small, firm and closely set upon the head. Wattles. — Very scant, smooth in texture and even. Ear-lobes. — Small, and fine in texture. Neck. — Medium in length and slightly arched; throat dotted with small feathers. Hackle, moderately short. Sack. — The top line of back slightly convex, sloping down- INDIAN GAMES. 147 ward from the base of the neck to the tail, and slightly sloping from each side of back bone; very broad across the shoulders; well filled in at the base of the neck, carrying its width well back to the juncture of the thighs, and then narrowing to the tail. Breast. — Wide, deep, well rounded at the sides and project- ing forward slightly beyond the wing-fronts, when standing erect. Body and Stern. — Body, well rounded at the sides. Stern, well tucked up. Wings. — Medium in length, stout and closely folded, the fronts standing out prominently from the body at the shoulders, and points well rounded, when folded, and should be closely tucked at ends, and held about on a line with lower tail coverts. Tail. — Rather short, compact and closely folded when the bird is standing at ease, carried at a slightly greater elevation than that of the cock, due to the slightly less erect carriage. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, round, stout, of medium length, and well apart. Shanks, of medium length, but not stilty, stout in bone, and smoothly scaled. Feel, large, clean, flat, the toes long, clean, straight and well spread, the hind toes set low and extending backwards, the nails strong, and well shaped. Plumage. — Short, hard and glossy. Body in Hand and Size. — The same as is described for the male. Carriage and Style. — Similar to that of the male, but not quite so erect. j;48 CORNISH INDIAN GAMES. CORNISH INDIAN GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Artificial coloring or trimming of feathers; combs other than pea or irregular pea; solid white, blue or black shanks. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MAIiE. Beak. — Yellow, yellow striped with horn or brown; the first preferred. Head. — Black. Face. — Bright red. Eyes. — Yellow or approaching pearl. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Neck. — Hackle, glossy greenish-black, shafts, brown-crimson. Plumage other than hackle, rich glossy black. Back. — Glossy, greenish-black and dark crimson-red, inter- mixed, the black greatly predominating. Saddle feathers, like the back in color, but with a somewhat larger proportion of dark, crimson-red. Breast. — Rich, glossy black, free from any otiier color Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Fronts, black. Bows, glossy greenish-black and dark crimson-red intermixed, the black greatly predominating. Coverts, forming wiiig-bars, metallic black. "Primaries, black, except a narrow edging of bay on the outside of the lower web. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web about one-third black, next to the shaft of the feather, the remainder being bay. Tall. — Black. Sickles and coverts, glossy greenish-black. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, black. Shanks and feet, rich yellow or orange. Under-color. — Black or a very dark slate. CORNISH INDIAN GAMES. I49 COL.OR OF THE FEITIALE. Beak. — Yellow, yellow striped with horn or brown; the first preferred. Head. — Black, or black penciled with golden bay. Face. — Bright red. Eyes. — Yellow or approaching pearl. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Neck. — Hackle, glossy black, with a bay shaft to each feather, the black greatly predominating. Plumage, other than liackle, ground color, golden bay, each feather penciled with two narrow pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings follow- ing the contour of the web of the feather. Back, Breast, Body, Wing Bows and Coverts, and Tail Coverts. — Ground color golden bay, each feather penciled with two nar- row pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings following the •contour of the web of the feather. Stern. — Black, or black tinged with golden bay. Wings. — Primaries, black, except a narrow edging/of irregu- larly penciled golden bay upon the outer part of the web. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web black next to the shaft of the . feather, with a broad margin of irregularly penciled golden bay. Tall. — Main feathers black, except the two upper or deck feathers which are irregularly penciled; the main feathers may also be irregularly penciled. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, black, more or less penciled with golden bay, but solid black not a serious defect. Shanks and feet a rich yellow or orange. Under-color. — Black or very dark slate. 150 WHITE INDIAN GAMES. WHITE INDIAN GAMES, DISQUALIFICATIONS . Artificial coloring or trimming of feathers; combs" other than pea or irregular pea; solid green, or white shanks. (See Gen. eral Disqualifications COI.OK OF THE ITIALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow. Shanks and Toes. — Rich yellow or orange. Eyes. — Yellow or approaching pearl. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Plumage. — Pure white. BLACK- BREASTED RED MALAYS. 151 BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Shanks or feet other than yellow in color; duck feet; artificial coloririg; trimming or plucking fevers; red eyes; white ear- lobes; single or lopped combs. (See General Disqualificattons.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock gibs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet, 5 lbs. STAITOARD HEIGHTS. Cock 26 in. Hen 18 in. Cockerel 18 in. Pullet 15 in. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, . Weight and Height, ..... Condition Head, Beak and Eyes — Shape 5, Color 6, Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck — Shape 3, Color 3 Back — Shape 2, Color 3, . . . Breast — Shape 3, Color 3, . . . Body and Stern — Shape 2, Color 2, Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, ... Tail — Shape 3, Color 3, ... Thighs and Shanks — Shape 3, Color 3, . Feet, Hardness of Feather — Condition 3, Hardness 3, 10 12 8 ir 10 6 5 6 4 8 6 6 2 152 BLACK- BREASTED RED MALAYS. SHAPE OF THE 1IAI.E. Head. — Broad and long, crown heavy and projecting over the eyes, giving a fierce and cruel expression. Beak. — Thick, short and strong. Eyes. — Large, clear, pearl. Comb. — Rather small, resembling a strawberry or knob in front, well forward. ' Wattles and Ear-lobes. —Very small. Neck. — Long, nearly straight and upright. Hackle, short, scanty. Back. — Long, slanting, rather convex in outline, tapering to the tail, large and broad at shoulders. Saddle, narrow and drooping. Saddle feathers, short, scanty. Breast. — Broad, full, breast-bone deep and prominent. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, broad at inter- section of shoulders, tapering toward the tail. Stern, well tucked up. Wings. — Of medium length, large, strong, bony, very promi- nent at the shoulders, carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle feathers, without drooping or being thrown over the back. Tall. — Of' medium length, drooping, well folded together. Sickle feathers curved but not long. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, long, hard, round, set well apart. Shanks, long. Feet. — Flat and broad. Toes, well apart, long and straight. Hardness of Feather. — Condition, full plumage and clean. Feathers, short, lying close, hard, firm and strong. SHAPE OF THE FElTfALE. Head. — Broad and long, crown heavy and projecting over the eyes, giving a fierce and cruel expression. Beak. — Thick, short and strong, face and throat bare of feathers. BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAYS. 153 Eyes. — Large, clear. Comb. — Rather small, resembling a strawberry or knob ia front, well forward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Very small. • Neck. — Long, nearly straight and upright. Hackle, short. Back. — Long, slanting, rather convex in outline, tapering to- the tail, large and broad at shoulders. Breast. — ■ Broad, full, breast-bone deep and prominent. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, broad at the- intersection of the shoulders, tapering towards the tail. Stern, well tucked up. Wings. — Of medium length, large, strong, bony, very promi- nent at the shoulders, carried compactly against the sides, the- points resting under the saddle feathers, without dropping or being thrown over the back. Tall. — Moderate in length, carried slightly drooping, well, folded. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, long and hard, round, set well, apart. ' Shanks, long, bony, strong, standing evenly apart, smooth scales. Feet. — Flat and broad. Toes, well apart, long and straight.. Hardness of Feather. — Condition, full plumage, and clean.. Feathers short, lying close, hard, firm and strong. COI.OR OF the: 1TIAI.E. Head. — Red or maroon. Face. — Brilliant red or purplish in color. Beak. — Yellow or yellow striped with horn. Eyes. — Pearl yellow or daw in color. Comb. — Rich red or purplish in color. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Rich red or purplish in color. Neck. — Plumage, other than hackle, black. Hackle, darlc red, running into reddish maroon. Back. — Rich, glossy dark red or maroon. Saddle feathers, rich dark red in color. 154 BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAYS. Breast. — Plumage, glossy black in color. Body and Stern. — Body, black in color. Slern, plumage ^hort and black in color. Wings. — Wing-butts, black. Wing-bows, a rich, glossy, dark red. Wing-coverts, glossyj greenish-black, forming a. wide bar across the wings. Primaries, black on inside web, with a rich bay edge on outside. Secondaries, part of outer web forming the wing-bay, rich bay, the remainder of the feathers black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers, with the tail coverts, should be rich, glossy, greenish-black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, yellow in color. Feet. — Toes, yellow. Under-color. — Slate tinged with brown. COL.OR OF THE FEITEALiE. Head. — Dark brown. Beak. — Yellow or yellow and horn color, face and throat brilliant red or purplish in color. Eyes. — Clear, pearl yellow or daw. Comb. — Rich red or purplish in color. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Rich red or purplish in colbr. Neck. — Plumage, other than hackle, cinnamon brown. Hackle, dark brown or brown striped with black. Back. — Dark or cinnamon brown, and not infrequently penciled. Breast. — Cinnamon brown, and not infrequently penciled. Body and Stern. — Body, brown. Stern, short and brown. Wings. — Wing-fronts, wing. bows, coverts and secondaries, brown. Primaries, very dark brown. Tail. — Very dark brown or black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, brown. Shanks, yellow. Feet. — Yellow. Und:r-solor. — Slate tinged with brown. BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAY BUUTTAMS. 15$; BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAY BA"NTAMSi DISQUALIFICATIOUS. Same as large birds; and cocksj weighing over 30 ounces, hens over 28 ounces, cockerels over 28 ounces, pullets over 2& ounces. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 24 oz. Cockerel 24 oz. Pullet 23.oz^ 1 SHAPE AND COI^OK OF XHE mtALB AND PBHIAIiK. The general shape and color of Black-breasted Red Malay- Bantams shall be the same as in the large fowl. 156 BLACK. SUMATRA^. BLACK SUMATRAS. DISQU ALIFIC ATIOMS . White ear-lobes; combs other than pea; feathers other than black in any part of the plumage. (See General Disqualifications.) SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, , Condition lo, Length of Feathers 4, . Beak, Head and Eyes — Sh^pe 4, Color 4, . Comb, Watties and Ear-lobes — Shape 5, Color 3 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, .... Back — Shape 4, Color 4. .... Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, .... Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, . Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, . ... Tail — Shape 7, Color s, ..... Legs and Feet — Shape 4, Color 4, 10 8 12 8 shape: of the mALE:. Beak. — Of medium length, strong, and slightly curved. Head. — Rather short and slightly rounding. Eyes. — Large and bright, with quick and fearless expression. Comb. — Pea, small and low in front. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Very small and closely fitting. Neck. — Ralher long and nicely arched. Hackle, long and flowing. Back. — Of medium length, broad at the shoulders, and slightly narrowing to the tail, with very long, flowing saddle fea'thers. BLACK SUMATRAS. 157 Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, tapering to the tail. Stern, compact. Wings. — Long, large, carried with the fronts slightly raised, the points of the feathers folded closely together, and not droop- ing nor thrown over the back. Tail. — Long and drooping, with abundance of sickle feathers and coverts, which should be long and flowing. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, of medium length, large and strong. Shanks, of medium length, standing evenly apart, clean, strong, and with smooth scales. Feet, broad and fiat, with long, straight, spreading toes, furnished with strong nails. shape: op thk pi!:itial.x:. Beak. — Of medium length, strong and slightly curved. Head. — Rather short, and slightly rounding. Eyes. — Large and bright, with quick and fearkss expression. Comb. — Pea, small and low in front. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Very small and closely fitting. Neck. — Rather long. Hackle, long. Back. — 0\ medium length, broad at the shoulders, and slightly narrowing to the tail. Breast. — Broad, round and^^ull. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, tapering to the tail. Stern, compact. Wings. — Long, large, and carried with points not drooping nor thrown over the back. Tail. — Long and drooping. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, of medium length, large and strong. Shanks, of medium length, standing evenly apart, clean, strong, and with smooth scales. Feet, broad and flat, with long, straight, spreading toes, furnished with strong nails. 158 BLACK SUMATRAS. COIiOR OF THE MA1,B AND FEMAI^E. Beak. — Dark olive or leaden black. Eyes. — Red, dark brown or black in color. Comb. — Dark red or purple. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark red. Legs and Feet. — Shanks, dark olive or leaden black. Feet, dark olive or leaden black. Plumage. — Very rich, greenish black throughout. BANTAMS, OTHER THAN GAME. IS9 CLASS X. BANTAMS, OTHER THAN GAME. Breeds. Varieties.' Sebright \ ^.oWen. j Silver. Rose-combed -j jji i?" Booted White. B«-«-^ jffi; ("Buff. ^— te:'«" L Black. I Black Tailed. Japanese ^ White. ( Black. Polish i White-crested White " J Buff Laced. SCALES OF POINTS FOR SEBRIGHT AHD ROSE- COMBED BAIfTAMS. Typical Carriage, 8 Weight 4 Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Comb, 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes 8 Neck — Shape 3, Color 5, 8 Back — [Shape 4, Color 4, ..'... . 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, 10 l6o BANl'AMS, OTHER THAN GAME. Body and Fluff — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 6, lo Tail — Shape 4, Color 6, 10 Legs and Toes 6 100 SCALE OF POINTS FOR BOOTED WHITE, BRAHMA, ALL COCHm AHD JAPAITESE BANTAMS. Typical Carriage 8 Weigh* 6 Condition ..'.... 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Comb, 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes, . 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6 10 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, . . . , . , .8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Legs and Toes, , . 8 100 SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. l6l SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Combs other than rose; natural absence of spike; shanks other than slaty blue in color; cocks or cockerels having hackle feathers extending over the shoulders; sickle feathers extending: more than an inch and a half beyond the tail proper; cocks weighing over thirty ounces; hens weighing over twenty-six ounces; cockerels weighing over twenty-six ounces; pullets weighing over twenty-four ounces. (See General Disqualifica- tions.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz> SHAPE OF the: mALE. Head. — Small, round in front and carried well back. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Eyes. — Full. Comb. — Rose, square in front, firm and even upon the head, the top covered with small points or corrugations, terminating^ at the rear in a spike which very slightly inclines upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, broad, well rounded. Ear- lobes, fiat. Neck. — Tapering, well arched, hen-feathered, and free from the pointed hackles that are usually found upon the necks of male fowls. Back. — Very short and free from saddle hangers. Breast. —7 Full, round and carried prominently forward. Body and FlafT. — Body, compact, deep and short. Flufi, short. a62 SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. Wings. — Large, carried low, but not so low as to conceal the blocks. Tail. — Full, similar to that of the hen, well expanded, carried very high, free from sickles, the feathers broadest towards ithe ends, and the two upper, which may be slightly curved, -not extending more than an inch and a half beyond the others. ■Coverts, straight, round at the ends and lying close to the sides of the tail. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short and stout. Shanks, -short, rather slender, perfectly free from feathering. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Small. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of the male, but small. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, well rounded. Ear- lobes, fiat, small. Neck. — Tapering and upright. Back. — Short. Breast. — Full, round and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact, deep and short. Fluff, ■short. Wings. — Large, carried low, but not so low as to conceal the locks. Tail. — Full, well expanded, and rather upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short and stout. Shanks, -short, and rather slender, perfectly free from feathering. Toes, straight. j GOLDEN SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. 163 GOLDEN SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. COI.OB OF XH£ MAI.E. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, same as the shanks. Plumage. — Throughout, rich, golden-yellow, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossy black. Under-color, black to dark slate. COLOU OF THE FE9IAI.E. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, slaty-bine. Plumage. — Throughout, rich golden-yellow, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossy black. Under color, black to dark slate. 164 SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. COLOR OF THE jnALIT. Beak, — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, slaty-blue. Plumage. — Throughout, silvery white, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossy black. Under-color, from slate to black. COL,OR OF XHE FEMAliE. Head. — Small. Beak. — Short, slightly curved, and in color dark horn. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright' red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, slaty-blue. Plumage. — Throughout, silvery white, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossv black. Under-color, from slate to black. ROSE-COMBED BANTAMS. 1 65. ROSE-COMBED BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Combs other than rose; natural absence of spike; cocks weigh- ing over 28 ounces; hens weighing over 24 ounces; cockerels weighing over 24 ounces; pullets weighing over 22 ounces. (See General Disqualifications.) STABSAKD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 33 oz.. Cockerel ... 7 22 oz. Pullet ao oz> SHAPE OF THE inAIon OF XHic mALB. Head. — White. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobe», bright red. Neck. — White. Back. — White. Saddle feathers, white. Breast. — White. Body and FiufT. — Body, white. Wings. — Primaries, dark slate or black, edged with white. Secondaries, dark slate, with wide edging of white on the upper web, and lower web white. Coverts, white. The whole wing, when folded, appearing only white. Tail. — Black. Sickles, rich black, edged with white. Cov- erts, colored like the sickles. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, white. Shanks, bright yellow. Toes, the same as the shanks. BLACK -TAILED JAPANESE BANTAMS. 179 COE.OR OF THE FEIHALE. Head. — White. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lohes, bright red Neck. — White. Back. — White. Breast. — White. Body and Fluff. — Body, white. Wings. — Primaries, darlc slate or black, edged with white. Secondaries, dark slate with wide edging of white on the upper web, and lower web white. Coverts, white. The whole wio^, when folded, appearing only white. Tall. — Black. Coverts, white. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, white. Shanks, bright yeUa» Toes, the same as the shanks. l8o WHITE JAPANESE BANTAMS. WHITE JAPANESE BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Combs other than single; shanks other than yellow in color; i lighter gray. Z02 BUFF TURKEYS. BUFF TURKEYS. SISQUAUFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; croikcd backs; cocks weighing less than eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than twelve pounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs, CDckerel 18 lbs. Pullet. 13 lbs. SHAPE OF THE RIAI^E AND PBniAI.B Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward toward the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the center and then descending in a graceful cu|-ve to the tail. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and handsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. BUFF TURKEYS. 203 COLOR or Xllli: IflALE. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Bluish white. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanlcs, bluish-white or flesh-color. Toes. same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure bufl throughout, the wings being of a very light shade. COIiOR OF THE FEMAIiE. The entire plumage is similar to that of the male. 204 SLATE TURKEYS. SLATE TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS Feathers other than slaty or ashy blue (which may be dotted with black), in any part of the plumage; decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; cocks weighing less than eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than twelve pounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. SHAPR OF THE inA£.E AND FEIflALE. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat Wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward toward the taiL Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the cen- ter, and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and handsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. SLATE lURKEYS. 2p5 COLOR OF THE nALE. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Lighrblue, dark blue, or horn. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, light or dark blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Slaty or ashy blue throughout, sometimes dotted with black, but the freer from dotting the better. COLOR OF THE FEITIALE. The entire plumage is similar to that ct the male 206 WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Feathers other than white in any part of the plumage; de- cidedly wry tails; natural crooked backs; cocks weighing less than eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than ten pounds. Color of legs other than white, pinkish or flesh-color. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 lbs. Hen 16 Ibsw Cockerel 16 lbs. Pullet 10 lbs. SHAPE OF THE IflALE AND FEIUALE. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. £ye8. — Bright, clear. Throat Wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long, and curving backward toward the tail. Sack. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the ceiiter, ■and then descending in a graceful curve to the t&il. ' Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and Jiandsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. 207, COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Pinkish or flesh. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, white, pinkish or flesh-color. Toes,. same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout, except the beard, whicb ie- deep black. COLOR OF THE FEKIALB. The entire plumage is similar to that of the male. :2o8 BLACK TURKEYS. BLACK TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIOirS. Feathers other than black in any part of the plumage; de- cidedly wry tails; crooked backs; cocks weighing less thao eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than twelve prounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. SHAPE OF THE .tIAl.E AND FEmAIiB. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. €yes. — Bright, clear. Throat wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward toward the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the center and then descending in a gracefnl curve to the tail. Bftast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and handsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long jind strong. Toes, straight, strong. BLACK TURKEVS. aog COIiOR OF THE ITIAIilj:. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Dark horn or slaty black. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, dark lead or slaty black. Toes same as the shanks. Plumage. — Lustrous black throughout. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. The entire plumage is similar to that of the male. DUCKS. CLASS XIII. DUCKS. Breed. Variety. Pekin White. Aylesbury White. Rouen .' Colored. Cayuga Black. ^^^^ •_• ( White. East Indian Black. Crested White. Indian Runner M— ^ j^^'- SCALB OF POINTS FOR ALL DUCKS EXCEPT CRESTED. Typical Carriage, lo Weight,* 25 Condition, . . lo Head, . . , , , 10 Neck, ...,,,,,,,, 5 Back, 10 Breast, . " 10 Body, 10 Wings, 5 Tail 3 Legs and Toes 2 100 • For weight, read smallness of size in applying the scale to Call and East Indian- Ducks. PEKIN DUCKS. PEKIN DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; bills marked with black ; feathers other than pure white or creamy white in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications. > STANDARD WEIGHTS. AduUDrake 8 ibs. Adult Duck 7 lbs.. Young Drake 7 lbs. Young Duck 6 Ibt SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DTICK. Head. — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Of medium size, slightly convex between thf juncture- of the head and the extremity. Neck. — In the drake, rather long and large; in the duck, of medium length, and in both well arched. Back. — Long and broad, with slightly concave sweep hoar shoulder to tail. Wings. — Short and carried closely and smoothly against tb« sides. Tail. — Rather erect the curled feathers in that of tn* drake- being hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, <'rfort and large. Toes straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Elevated in front, slops'.^ downward toward the rear. COLOR OF THE DOCK AND DRAKB. Eyes. — Deep leaden blue. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, reddish orange. Toes, same color as shanks. AVI-ESBURY DUCKS. AYLESBURY DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails: crooked backs; twisted wings; bills marked with black; feathers other than pure white in any part •of the plumage. (See general disqualitications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Drake.... gibs. Adjlt Duck ... S lbs. Young Drake.' 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. SIIAPK OF THE DR%Kli: AND DITCK. Head. — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Long, broad and when viewed sidewise, the outline ■nearly straight from the top of the head to the tip of the bill. Neck. — Long, slender and slightly curved. Back. — Long and broad and straight on top. Breast. — Prominent and full. Body. — Long and deep. Wings. — Strong, and carried closely and smoothly against the sides. Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed 01 stiff and hard feathers, with hard, curled feathers in that of the drake. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, stout and strong. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. AYLESBURY DUCKS. a 13 COLOR OF THE DHAKE AND DCOK. Bill. — Pale flesh color, oerfectly free from black or dark marks. Eyes. — Deep leaden hue. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, bright, light orange. Toes, same color of shanks. PUimaae. — Pure white throughout. ^ 214 ROUEN DUCKS. ROUEN DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crookea DacKs; twisted wings; bills clear yellow, dark green, blue or lead color; white in primaries or secondaries; any approach to white ring on the neck of the duck. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 9 lbs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake, 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. SHAPE OF THE DRAKE. Head. — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Long, broad, wider at the extremity than at the base, and, when viewed sidewise, the top slightly depressed from the crown of the head to the tip of the bill. Neck. — Long, slender, and neatly arched. Back. — Long and broad. Breast. — Broad and deep. Body. — Long, deep and broad. Wings. — Short, and carried smoothly against the sides. Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers. Curled feathers, hard and well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, short and large. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. ROUEN DUCKS. 215 SHAPE OF THE DUCK. Head. — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Long, broad, and somewhat flat. Neck. — Long, slender and neatly arcjied. Back. — Long. Breast. — Broad and deep. Body. — Long, deep and broad. Wings. — Short, and carried closely and smoothly against the sides. * Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, short and large. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. COLOR OF THE DRAKE. Head. — Rich, lustrous green. Bill. — Greenish yellow, without any other shade except the black bean at the tip. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Neck. — Rich, lustrous green, with a distinct white ring on the lower part, not quite meeting at the back. Back. — Upper part ashy gray, mixed with green, becomihg a rich, lustrous green on the lower part of the rump. Shoulder coverts, gray, finely streaked with waving brown lines. Breast. — The front part a very rich purplish brown,, or claret color, free from other color, the claret color extending well down the breast. Body. — On the under part and on the sides a steel-gray, growing lighter near the vent, and ending in black in solid green black, forming a distinet-jsli-ne- of separation between the two colors. 2l6 ROUEN DUCKS. Wings. — Grayish-brown ■. mixed with green, with a broad, ribbon-like mark of rich purple, with metallic reflections of green and blue, edged with white, the two colors being quite distinct. Primaries, dark, dusky brown. Tail. — Dark ashy brown, the outer web in old birds edged with white. Coverts, black, with a very rich purple reflection; tail well filled in on the under side with solid beetle-green feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, ashy-gray. Shanks, orange, with a brownish tinge. Toes, same color as the shanks. COLOR OF THE DITCK. Head. — Deep brown, with two light tan strips on each side, running from the bill behind the eyes. Bili. — Brownish orange, with a dark blotch on the upper part and a black bean at the tip. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Neck. — Light brown, penciled with a dark, lustrous brown and free from the least appearance of a white ring. Baclc. — Light brown, richly marked with green. Breast. — Dark brown, richly penciled with light brown. Body. — Under part and sides light brown, each feather di» tinctly penciled with rich, dark brown to the point of the tail. Wings. — Light brown mixed with green, with broad ribbon. like bars of rich purple across them, edged with white. Pri. maries, brown. Tall. — Light brown color, with distinct, broad, wavy penciling of dark greenish brown. Coverts, brown, with troad, distinct and beautiful penciling of dark brown or greenish brown. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, dark brown, distinctly penciled. Shanks, orange or orange brown. Toes, same color as shanks. CAYUGA DUCKS. 2 I 7 CAYUGA DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; white in. any part of the plumage. STAITDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 8 lbs. Adult Duck 7 lbs. Young Drake 7 lbs. Young Duck 6 lbs> SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Small, neat and_ slender. Bill. — Rather short, and the top line slightly depressed. Neck. — Of medium length, and slightly arched. Back. — Long and broad. Breast. — Broad, full and prominent. Body. — Long, deep and broad. Wings. — Short, and folded closely and smoothly against the^ sides. Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers,, the curled feathers in the tail of the drake being hard and well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, of mediuny length and size. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. 3l8 CAYUGA DUCKS. COLOR OP THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill. — Black. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, dark slate or black; the latter pre -ferred. Toes, same color as the shanks. Plumage. — Lustrous green black throughout, except the pri- maries of the duck, which are sometimes dark brown. CALL DUCKS. 319 CALL DUCKS. SHAPK OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Full, with high forehead. Bill. — Short and broad. Neck. — Of medium length. Back. — Comparatively short. Breast. — Prominent and full. Body. — Short, compact and small, the smaller the better. Wings. — Long. Tall. — But slightly elevated and composed of hard, stiff feathers; in the drake the curled feathers well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and plump. Shanks, short. Toes, straight, and connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. GRAY CALL DUCKS. GRAY CALL DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; any ap- proach to white ring on the neck of the duck; white primary feathers in either sex. COLOR OF THIi DRAKE. Head. — Rich, lustrous green. Bill. — Greenish yellow. Eyes. — Dark hazel or brown. Neck. — Lustrous green, with a distinct white ring on the lower part, not quite meeting at the back. Back. — Ashy-gray, mixed with green on the upper part, and on the lower part and rump, rich lustrous green. Breast. — Rich, purplish brown or claret color, free from other color, the claret extending well down the breast. Body. — On the under part and on the sides a steel-gray, growing lighter near the vent, and ending in a solid beetle-green black, forming a distinct line of separation between the two colors. Wings. — Grayish brown, mixed with green, with a broad ribbon-like mark of rich purple, wiih metallic reflections of green and blue, edged with white, the two colors quite distinct. Pri- maries, dark, dusky brown. Tall. — Dark ashy-brown color, the outer web in old birds edged with white. Tail coverts, black, with a very rich purple reflection. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, ashy-gray. Shanks and Toes. — Orange, with a brownish tinge. GRAY CALL DUCKS. COLOR OF THE DUCK. Head. — Deep brown, with two light tan stripes on each side, running from the bill/behind the eyes. Bill. — Brownish orange. Eyes. — Dark hazel or brown. Neck. — Light brown, penciled with a dark lustrous brown, and free from the least appearance of a white ring. Back. — Light brown, richly marked with green Breast. — Dark brown, richly penciled with lighter brown. Body. — Under part and sides, light brown, each feather dis- tinctly penciled with rich, dark brown to the point of the tail. Wings. — Light brown, mixed with green, with broad, ribbon- like bars of rich purple across them, edged with white, the two colors distinct. Primaries, brown. Tall. — Light brown, with distinct, broad, wavy penciling of dark greenish brown. Tail coverts, brown, with broad, distinct and beautiful penciling of dark brown or greenish brown. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, dark brown, distinctly penciled. shanks and Toes, orange or orange brown. WHITE CALL DUCKS. WHITE CALL DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; bills marked with black; feathers other than pure white or creamy white in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) C01.0R OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Plumage. — -"Pure white throughout. Bill. — Bright yellow. Eyes. — Gray or blue. Shanks and Toes. — Bright orange. BLACK EAST INDIAN DUCKS. 223 BLACK EAST INDIAN DUCKS. ' DISQDALIFICATIOHS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; white in in any part of the plumage. SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DVCK. Head. — Short and slender. Bill. — Rather short. Neck. — Short and nicely arched. Back. — Rather long and of medium width. Breast. — Plump and full. Body. — Long and comparatively small, the smaller the better. Wings. — Long and well folded. Tail. — Slightly elevated, composed of short, stiff feathers, the curled feathers in that of the drake well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs,' short and plump. Shanks, short. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. COI.OR OF THE DRAKE AND DITCK. Bill. — The drake's, very dark yellowish green; the duck's, nearly black. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, dark. Toes, same as ^anks. Plumage. — Rich black, with a brilliant greenish tint through- out. 324 CRESTED WHITE DUCKS. CRESTED WHITE DUCKS, DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked baclis; twisted wings; feathers other than pure white or creamy white in any part of the plum- age. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 7 lbs. Young Drake 6 lbs. Adult Duck 6 lbs. Young Duck 5 lbs. SCALE OF POINTS Typical Carriage, .... Weight. ...... Condition, Head Crest Neck Back Breast Body Wings Tail Legs and Toes, .... 10 20 10 10 10 5 5 10 10 5 3 s WHITE CRESTED DUCKS. 225 SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Of medium size. Bill. — Of medium size. Eyes. — Large, bright. ' Crest. — Large and well balanced upon the crown ol head. Neck. — Rather long, slightly arched. Back. — Of medium length and width. Breast. — Prominent and full. Body. — Of medium lengfth, and plump. Wings. — Of medium length, and smoothly folded. Tall. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers, the curled feathers in the drake being well curled Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and plump. Shanks, short. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. COIiOR OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill. — Yellow. Eyes. — Deep leaden blue or gray. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, light orange. Toes, same color m shanks Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 3 26 MUSCOVY DUCKS. MUSCOVY DUCKS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake lo lbs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. SHAPK OF THK DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Rather long, and, in the drake, large, the top being covered with long, crest-like feathers, which are readily ele- vated or depressed by the bird when it becomes excited or alarmed; sides of head and face covered with caruncles, the larger the belter. Bill. — Rather short, and of medium width. Neck. — Of medium length, and well arched. Back. — Long, broad, and somewhat fiat. Breast. — Broad and full. Body. — Long and broad. Wings. — Very long and stout. Tail. — Rather long, with an abundance of stiff plumage. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short and large. Shanks, short and large. Toes, straight, connected by the web. COLORED MUSCOVY DUCKS. 22^ COLORED MUSCOVY DUCKS. JJISQUALIFIC AXIOMS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs>; twisted wings. i COLOR OF THE DRAKE AND DrCK. Head. — Glossy black and white. Bill. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Brown. Face. — Caruncles, red. Neck. — Black or black and white, black predominating. Back. — Lustrous blue-black, sometimes broken with white feathers. Breast and Body. — Lustrous blue-black, sometimes broken with white. Wings. — Coverts, rich, lustrous green black. Tail. — In color, either black or whit^, the latter preferred. Thighs. — Black or white, the latter preferred. Shanks and Toes. — Varying in color from yellow to dark lead or black. 228 WHITE MUSCOVY DUCKS. WHITE MUSCOVY DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; smooth heads; feathers other than pure white in any part of plumage. (See general disqualifications.) COI^OB OF DRAKE AIVD DtlCK. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. Beak. — Pinkish fiesh-color. Eyes. — Blue or gray. Face. — Caruncles, red. Shanks and Toes. — Pale orangre or yellow. INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS. 229^ INDIAM RUNNER DUCK. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Blue wing bars; clarei breasts; absence 0/ feathers from the flights or secondary flights; twisted wings; decidedly wry tail, crooked backs. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Drake 4i lbs. Duck 4 Ib^ shape: of the dkake and dcok. Head. — Long, flat, finely formed. Bill. — Strong at base, fairly broad and long, coining as nearly as possible in a straight line down from the skull, having th»- appearance of a long edge. Eyes. — Set high in the head. Neck. — As long and thin as possible. Breast. — Round and full. Back. — Long and narrow. Body. — Long, narrow and racy-looking, erectly carried, somewhat resembling the form of a penguin, without the slight.- est indication of keel. Wings. — Medium length, closely carried. Tail. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers, the curled feathers- in the tail of the drake being hard and well curled. ^30 INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS. COI.OR OF XHE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Light fawn or gray (fawn preferred) and white. The •head should be adorned with a cap and cheek markings of light fawn or gray color, and a narrow white line should divide the tap from the cheek mairkings, and a line of white about one- eighth of an inch should divide the base of the bill from the head markings. Bill. — Yellow, spotted with green when young; green when fully developed, with a black bean. Neck. — Perfectly white from the head to where the breast markings begin, which should be about one and one-half to two inches from the base of the neck. Breast. — Light fawn or gray, evenly cut about half way between the point of the breast-bone and the legs. Back. — A light fawn or gray, even throughout. Body. — Light fawn or gray, even throughout. Wings. — The shoulders, top part of wings and the tail same color as the breast, and should be the shape of a heart pressed flat on the back. Fluff. — White, except an indistinct line of color, which runs from the base of the tail to the thigh. Tail. — Light fawn or gray, which, in the drake, is frequently A trifle darker than the body color. Legs and Toe«. — A deep bright yellcw. BLUE SWEDISH DUCKS 230A BLUE SWEDISH DUCKS. STAin>ARD WEIGHTS. Adult drake 8 lbs Adult duck 7 lbs Youngdrakei 6J lbs Young duck 5J lbs SISQUALIFICATIOnS. Wry tails ; crooked backs ; twisted wings ; entire absence of white in breast ; - feathers of any other than blue covering more than one-fourth of entire plumage ; yellow legs; yellow bills. SHAPE OP DRAKS AMD DVCK. Head. — Long, and finely formed. Bill. — Medium size, the outline nearly straight when viewed sidewise. Neck. — Long, slightly curved. Back. — Long and broad , a slight concave sweep from shoulder to tail. Brtast. — Full and deep. Wings. — Short, and carried closely. Tail. — Slightly elevated, curled feathers in that of the drake.. Ltgs and Toes. — Thighs short and stout. Shanks stout, toe» straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. 230b blue suedish ducks COCOR OF DRAKE AKD DUCK. Head. — In drakes, dark blue, sometimes approaching almost black, and if this, with a. green sheen. In ducks the same as general body color. Bill. — In drakes greenish blue ; in ducks smutty brown with a dark brown blotch, (similar to Rouen duck blotch, only larger.) Eyes. — Dark hazel. Wings. — The two main flight feathers pure white ; balance of wing in uniformity with general plumage. Breast. — The front part covered with pure white feathers called the bib, forming a heart shaped spot, about 3x4 inches, often extending to the lower bill. Legs and Toes. — Reddish brown to grayish black, the first color preferred. Plumage. — Kven steel blue all over, excepting the head of the drake, which may be of a darker shade. GEESE. 231 CLASS XIV GEESE. Breeds. Varieties. Toulouse .... Gray. Embden White. African Gray. c«'-- • jirhhe'!- Wiu> OR Canada Gray. Egyptian Colored. SCALE OF POINTS F0RCLAS8 XI7. Typical Carriage, 10 Weight, 35 Condition, 10 Head 10 Neck, 5 Back, 10 Breast 10 Body, 10 Wings 5 Tail 3 Leg^ and Toes 3 100 232 TOULOUSE GEESE. TOULOUSE GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs. Young Gander 18 lbs. Young Goose 15 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large and short. Bill. — Comparatively short, stout at the base. Neck. — Of medium length and carried rather erect. Dewlap very desirable in aged fowls. Back. -7 Of moderate length, broad, curving slightly from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Broad and deep. Body. — Of medium length, broad, very deep and compact; ;he bellies of fat birds almost touch the ground. Wings. — Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides. Tail. — Comparatively short; the feathers hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, short, litout. Toes, straight, connected by the web. COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSB. Head. — Gray. Bill. — Flesh orange. Eyes. — Dark brown or hazel. TOULOUSE GEESE. 233 Neck. — Dark gray shading to lighter gray as it approaches the back. Back. — Dark gray. Breast. — Light gray. Body. — Light gray, growing lighter until it becomes white upon the belly, the white extending back to and around the tail, and covering all the lower posterior or fluffy parts; from a front view but little of the white is visible. Wings. — Primaries, dark gray or brown. Secondaries, darker than the primaries. Coverts, dark gray. Tail. — Gray and white, the ends being tipped with white. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, light gray. Shanks, deep reddish orange. Toes, same color as the shanks. 234 EMBDEN GEESE. EMBDEN GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; feathers other than pure white in any part of the plumage. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Aduit Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs. Young Gander 18 lbs. Young Goose 16 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large. Bill. — Of medium length and size, stout at the base. Eyes. — Large. Neck. — Rather long and carried quite upright. Back. — Of medium length, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Round, deep and full. Body. — Large, square and very deep, in fat specimens almost touching the ground. Wings. — Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides. Tall. — ^.Comparatively short, the feathers hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, short, stout. Toes, straight, connected by the web. EMBDEN GEESE. 335 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND CMtOSB. Head. — White. Bill. — Orange. Eyes. — Bright blue. Legs and Toes. — Shanks deep orange. ToeS; same color as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 2^6 AFRICAN GEESE. AFRICAN GEESE, DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; beak and k.aoh other than black in color; absence of knob or dewlap. STANDARD "WEIGHTS. .Vlult Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs. Young Gander 16 lbs. Young Goose 14 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDKR AND GOOSE. Head. — Large, with large knob, and heavy dewlap under the rthroat. Bill, — Rather large, stout at the base. Knob. — Large. Neck. — Long and curved. Throat embellished with dewlap. Back. — Broad and flat. Breast. — Round and moderately full. Body. — Large, long, and rather upright. Wings. — Large and strong, and smoothly folded against the ■side. Tail. — Composed of stiff and hard feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, of medium Jength, dusky. Toes, straight, connected by the web. AFRICAN GEESE. 337 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE< Head. — Gray. Bill. — Black. Knob. — Black. Eyes. — Hazel or brown. Neck. — Light gray, with a dark stripe from the head to the body. Back. — Dark gray. Breast. —Gray. Body. — Light gray upon the under parts. Wings. — Dark gray. Tail. — Dark gray. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, light gray. Shanks, dark orange. Toes, same color as the shanks. !38 BROWN CHmKSE GEESE. BROWN CHINESE GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; absence of knob. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 14 lbs. Adult Goose 12 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose 8 lbs. SHAPR OF THE GANDICR AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large and long, with a large knob at the base of the bill. Bill. — Of medium length, stout at the base. Eyes. — Large, bright. Neck. — Long, and gracefully arched. Back. —Of medium length and width, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Round and moderately full. Body. — Round, plump and of medium size. •Wings. — Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides- Tall. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight, connected by the web. BROWN CHINESE GEESE. 239 COIiOR OF THE GANDBB AND OOfMB;. Head. — Brown. Knob, dark brown or black. Bill. — Dark brown or black. Eyes. — Hazel or brown. Neck. — Light brown or grayish brown, with a dark stripe from the head down to the body. Back. — Dark brown. Breast. — Grayish brown. Body. — Grayish brown, lighter In shade on the under parts. Wings. — Brown. Tail. — Brown. Legs and Toes. — Grayish brown. Shanks, dark or dusky orange. Toes, same color as the shanks. 240 WHllE CHINESE GEESE. WHITE CHINESE GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; absence of knob; feathers other than pure white in any part of the plum- age. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 14 lbs. Adult Goose 12 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose 8 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large and long, with a large orange-colored knob at the base of the bill. Bill. — Of medium length, stout at the base. Eyes. — Large, bright. Neck. — Long, and gracefully arched. Back. — Of medium length and width, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail Breast. — Round and moderately full. Body. — Round, plump, and of medium site. Wings. — ■ Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides. Tall. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight, connected by the web. WHITE CHINESE GEESE. 24* COI^OR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSB. Head. — White. Knob, oranged-colored. Bill. — Orange. Eyes. — Deep leaden blue. Legs and Toej. — Shanks, orange. Toes, same color a9 snanks. Plumage. — Pure white ibroughoutt -242 WILD OR CANADA GEESE. WILD OR CANADA GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails, crooked backs; twisted wings; one wing may be dipped to prevent flying. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 14 lbs. Adult Goose 12 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose 8 lbs. SHAPE) OF THE GANDUR AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather small. Bill. — Small, rather sharp at the point. Eyes. — Prominent, sharp. Neck. — Long, slender and snaky in appearance. Back. — Long, rather narrow, and arched from neck to taiL Breast. — Full and deep. Body. — Rather long and somewhat slender. Wings. — Long, large and powerrul. Tail. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rather short. Shanks, rather longi Toes, straight, of medium length, connected by the web. WILD OR CANADA GEESE. 243 COLOR OF THK GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Black, with a white stripe nearly covering the side of the face. Bill. — Black. Eyes. — Black. Neck. — Black. 'Birek. — Dark gray. Breast. — Li?[lit gmy, growing darker as it approaches the legs. Body, — On the under part of the body, -^9111 the legs to the tail, white. Wings. — Dark gray. Primaries, dusky black, showing only a dark-gray color when wing is folded. Secondaries, brown, lighter in shade than the primaries. Tail. — Glossy black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, gray. Shanks, black. Toes, same color as the shanks. 244 EGYPTIAN GEESE. EGYPTIAN GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander lo lbs. Adult Goose 8 lbs. Young Gander 8 lbs. Young Goose 6 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. > Head. — Of medium size and rather long. Bill. — Of medium length and size. Neck. — Of medium length, and rather small. Back. — Rather narrow, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Round but not deep. Body. — Rather long, and somewhat small and slender. Wings. — Large, and on the wing-joints, in lieu of the ordinary hard knobs, there are strong, white, horny spurs, about five- eighths of an inch long. Tail. — Composed of feathers hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and substance. Shanks, rather long. Toes, straight, long, conn'^cted by the web. EGYPTIAN GEESE. 245 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Black and gray, with chestnut-colored patch around the eyes. Bill. — Purple or bluish red. Eyes. — Orange. Neck. — Gray and black. Back. — Gray and black. Breast. — The eenter chestnut, the remainder gray. Body. — Gray and black on the upper parts, and on the under parts a pale buff or yellow, beautifully penciled with black lines. Wings. — The shoulders white, with a narrow black stripe or bar of rich metallic lustre. Primaries and secondaries, glossy black. Tail. — Glossy black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, pale buff. Shanks, reddibh-yellow. Toes, same color as the shanks. CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. AS AMENDED AND ADOPTED AT THE TWENTY- SECOND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION AT CHARLES- TON, SOUTH CAROLINA, JANUARY, 1902. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. The deaignation of this organization shall be "The Amebican EoTjXTBY Association." ARTICLE II. Section 1. The object of this Association shall always be for the perfection of the American Standard of Perfection, which shall be exclusively the property of this Association ; and to consider and discuss all matters of a national character regard- ing the poultry interests at large. No changes shall be made in any part of the Standard, unless written notice specif ying word for word the proposed changes, shall have been filed with the secretary, on or before June 30, preceding the next annual meeting. 247 :248 CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE III. Section 1. A membership in this association may be of either of the six following classes: 1st. Life. The life membership fee shall be ten ($10.00) .dollars, without further dues. This fee shall be payable with the application. 2nd. Annual. This membership fee shall be two ($2.00) .dollars, payable with the application. Each annual member -shall pay one ($1.00) dollar dues each year. These dues must be paid at least ten days in advance of each annual meeting of the Association, subsequent to the meeting at which he becomes a member. 3ed. County Repeesentative. Where there are ten .(10) or more members of this Asoociation residents of the jsame county, they are urged to organize a County Branch of the American Poultry Association. By seeking the co-operation o^ the Agricultural Fair Associations and of the Farmers Institute workers of the several counties, members may do much to pro- mote the interests of pure bred poultry. A County Branch Asso- xjiation shall be entitled to one representative to the meetings of the American Poultry Association for each ten (10) members of the American Poultry Association paid County Branch shall have enrolled. For each of said representatives, the County Branch shall pay to the American Poultry Association a fee of one ($1.00) dollar. These fees, together with the names and creden- tials of said representatives and the names and addresses of all members of the County Branch Association must reach the Secretary and Treasurer of the American Poultry Association at least ten (10) days in advance of the date of the Annual Meeting of the American Poultry Association. 4th. State Representative. When fire or more County Branches are organized in any state, tney are urged to unite in .or organize a State Branch Association of the American Poultry CONSTITUTION. 249 Association. By seeking the co-operation of the State Secreta- ries of Agriculture and the State Directors of Institutes, as to time, place and programs, State Poultry Conventions may be held that will create much enthusiasm in the interest of better poultry. A State Branch Association shall be entitled to one representa- tive to the American Poultry Association meetings for each five County Branches actually represented at the State Convention. For each of the said State Representatives the State Branch shall pay to the American Poultry Association a fee of one ($1.00) dollar. These fees, together with the names and credentials of said representatives and the names of the County Branches rep- resented at the State Convention, must reach the Secretary and Treasurer of the American Poultry Association at least ten (10) days in advance of the date of the Annual Meeting of the American Poultry Association. 5th. Club Bepresentative. Any Specialty Club, organ- ized in the interest of any breed, variety, or family of standard bred poultry, may become a member of the American Poultry Association by the payment of a fee of ten ($10.00) dollars at the time of applying for membership. This shall entitle the club to one representative to the meeting of the American Poul- try Association. Such a specialty club shall also be entitled to one additional representative to the meetings of the American Poultry Association for each ten of its members who are mem- bers of the American Poultry Association, by paying an additional fee of one ($1.00) dollar for each such additional representative. Thesfe fees, together with the names and creden- tials of the representatives and the names and addresses of all American Poultry Association members who are members of said specialty club, must reach the Secretary and Treasurer of the American Poultry Association at least ten (10) days in advance of the annual meeting of the American Poultry Association. 6th. Association Representative. Any Poultry Associ- ation or Society organized for the purpose of giving annual exhi- 250 CONSTITUTION. bitions, and whose rules show that it holds said exhibitions under the show rules of the American Poultry Association, may become a member of the American Poultry Association by paying a, membership fee of ten (510.00) dollars at the time of applying for membership. This shall entitle the Association to one represen- tative to the meetings of thn American Poultry Association, but his name and credentials must reach the Secretary and Treasurer at least ten (10) days in advance of the annual meeting of the American Poultry Association. Section 2. All applications for membership, of whatever class, must be made in writing, must bear the endorsement of two members of the Exective Committee, and receive a majority vote of the Executive Committee. No application shall be ap- proved unless the membership fee is paid. Should the applica- tion fail of approval, the fee will be returned. Section 3. Each Life Member or Annual Member shall be entitled to one vote in the meetings of this Association. It he be also the representative of Classes 3, 4, 5 or 6, he shall have such additional votes as his credentials show that ht is entitlea to as a representative member ; but in no case can a vote be cast on a membership for which the dues are not fully paid at least ten days in advance of the date of the annual meeting of the Association. Section 4. In advance of the annual meeting of the Associ- ation, the Secreta,ry shall drop from the roll all members who are two years in arrears on dues, and these can be restored to mem- bership only by a vote of the Executive Committee atter all arrears have been fully paid. Section 5. Any membership of Class 5 or Class 6 that shall fail for two consecutive years to send a representative to the an- nual meetings of the Association, shall be considered lapsed, and the name shall be stricken from the roll. CON'STITUTION. 25 1 AKTICLE lY. Section 1. The officers of this Association shall consist of a President, fifteen Vice Presidents, no two from the same state, a Secretaiy and Treasurer ; an Executive Committee; an Asso- ciation League Committee; an Advisory Board, and a Finance and Auditing Committee. The Finance and Auditing Committee shall consist of three, selected from members of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President, Vice Presidents, Secretary and Treasurer, and such members as may be chosen upon the following basis of represen- tation, viz.: Every state having five members shall be entitled to one member upon the Executive Committee, and every state having ten members shall be entitled to two members on the com- mittee, and to an additional member for every ten additional members ; the officers ex-officio not to be counted in this appor- tionment. There may also be elected ten members at large. The Association League Committee shall consist of nine members, all of whom shall be delegates from some local organization, under the sixth clause of Section 1, Article III, provided, how- ever, if there are not enough delegates in attendance at any regular annual meeting to compose said committee, then any member of the Executive Committee may be selected. An Advisory Board of five shall be chosen, consisting of the ex-Presidents of the Association and such members as may be chosen to complete the number. The President who has last re- tired from the office shall be chairman of this board. Members of the Advisory Board are ineligible for any other office, but may vote for the place of annual meeting. Sec. 2. All officers of this Association shall be elected by bal- lot, at the regular annual meeting, to hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. A majority of votes shalj constitute an election. Vacancies occurring during the interim shall be filled by the Executive Committee. The President 252 CONSTITUTION. shall not be eligible for re-election for the ensuing term. The term of office of the President and Secretary-Treasurer shall not begin until the 1st of July following his election and shall expire the last day of the following June. ARTICLE V. The annual meetings of this Association shall be holden at such time and place as shall be decided upon by the Executive; Committee, sixty days' notice of the same to be given to each member by the Secretary and Treasurer. ARTICLE YI. The Executive Committee shall have the power to expel or re- store, any member for cause by a vote of three-fourths of the members present. ARTICLE VII. This Constitution, as well as the By-Laws of this Association, having been approved by a two-thirds vote of all the members present at a regular meeting of the organization,, they can only be repealed or amended by a like vote. Such repeal or amend- ment shall be offered in writing and be forwarded by the person proposing the same, to both the President and Secretary and Treasurer, and the Secretary and Treasurer shall cause such re- peal or amendment to be printed and mailed to every individual member of this Association at least sixty days prior to the meet- ing at which said repeal or amendment is to bo considered. ARTICLE VIII. Before any breed or variety can be admitted to the Standard it must comply with the following requirements, to-wit : " It must be able to produce more than fifty per cent, of the specimens true to the type and characteristics of the breed or variety ; the CONSTITUTION. 253 breed or variety must have been exhibited at three, at least, of the exhibitions where tlie American Poultry Association shall hold its annual meetings, and both male and female specimens ot at least two generations must be on exhibition at the time when the breed or variety sliall coiue up for admission to the Standard, in order that the members of the Association may in- spect the same to determine uponthe thoroughbred character of the fowl ; if the fowl applies for admission as a new breed it nmst possess new breed-characteristic*, and if it applies for ad- mission as a new variety it must possess the characteristics of the breed of which it is a variety." A petition, addressed to the American Poultry Association shall be presented. This petition shall contain a brief descrip- tion of the breed or variety ; the facts known concerning its ■origin and breeding, and a prayer for its admission. Affidavits of the breeder and of two or more persons familiar with the breeding of the fowl shall be presented, the said aifidavits to contain statements of the percentage of specimens breeding true to type. A proposed Standard for tJie breed or variety shall be presented, and may or may not be a part of the petition. AH of these papers shall be filed with the Secretary of the Association at least sixty days prior to the meeting of the Association and the Secretary shall give notice to the members, by advertise- ment or otherwise, of the pendency of such petition. If upon an examination of tlie affidavits and an inspection of the fowls the Association is satisfied that the fowl has reached a thoroughbred condition and that all requirements for its ad- mission have been complied with, a majority vote of the mem- bers present and voting by written ballot shall admit the breed\ or variety to the Standard. 254 BY-LAWS. BY-LAWS. ARTICLE I. The President shall preside at all meetings of this Association. He will appoint all special committees, unless otherwise ordered hj the Association. He shall call extra meetings at the request of five or more members of the Executive Committee. He shall also preside at the opening and closing of fairs and on all occa- sions where the Association is oiBcially represented. In case of the absence of the President or his inability to act, the Vice-President in attendance, who is next named on the ticket elected, shall act as presiding officer. ARTICLE IL The Secretary and Treasurer shall conduct the general cor- respondence of the Association and have custody of the same. He shaU read at the meeting of the Association all important letters received, and answers thereto, as copied in a book pro- vided for the purpose. The Secretary and Treasurer shall annually prepare a report of the proceedings of the Association. ARTICLE III. The Secretary and Treasurer shall prepare and distribute all notices of meetings of the Association and of the Executive Committee, He shall keep the mxnutes of such meetings and have charge of all the books and papers appertaining to his office. He will also keep a correct list of all the members of the Association, the date of their election and place of residence. He shall be the custodian of the seal of the Association to be procured by the Executive Committee, which he will use only BT-LAWS. 255 under the direction of the Executive Committee, or by a direct vote of the Association. He will also notify all members of their election, cUect all members' Initiation fees, or any money due the Associati-in, and shall be the custodian of all money be- longing to the As-ociation, from wJiich he shall pay aU bills of the Association, only when such bills have been audited by the Finance and Auditing Comniittee. He shall keep a book in which shall be entered the amounts received and disbursed by him, and shall have his books, papers and accounts always open for the inspection of the Executive Committee, or any of its members. ARTICLE IV. The Secretary and Treasurer shall make general reports of the financial condition of the Association, at the regular meeting of the Association, and he shall give bonds, to be approved by the Finance and Auditing Committee, for the faithful perform- ance of his duties. ARTICLE V. The salary of the Secretary and Treasurer shall be $300 per vear, and the only expenses allowed him will be postage, freight and express paid for the business of the Association, and his actual expenses attending a meeting. Any other expenses must be approved by the Finance and Auditing Committee before they can be charged against the Association. ARTICLE YI. Should the Secretary and Treasurer neglect his duties, to the detriment of the Association, it shall be the duty of the Presi- dent, or any member of the Association, to call attention to the same', and the Executive Committee may call on him to resign or may declare the office vacant and appoint his successor to serve out the year. In case this is done, the retiring officer shall not receive any salary for the year in which he is displaced. 25S BY-LAWS. ARTICLE VII. The Advisory Board shall have jurisdiction over all disputes arising between members. Any member of the Association neglecting or refusing to abide by the decision of this board, after a full hearing of both parties, may be expelled from mem- bership in this Association, in the discretion of the Executive Committee. The Advisory Board shall also be ready to advise the Execu- tive Committee upon matters pertaining to the affairs of the Association, upon application of the Executive Committee. ARTICLE VIIL Section 1. The officers of the Association, except the Advi- sory Board will also be officers of the Executive Committee, which will hold a session during the annual meeting ; also at a call of five or more of its members, seven of whom are a quorum. It will have complete control and supervision of the affairs of this Association except such as properly come before the Advi- sory Board, and will be its official organ at all times and on all occasions. Sec. 2. The Executive Committee and the Advisory Board of the Association shall designate the localities for holding its fairs, provide suitable accommodations for, give publicity to and consummate the same. It shall prepare the premium list, ap- point all judges, receive, supervise and promulgate their reports and decisions. Sec. 3. The Executive Committee will cause to be designed and executed suitable mqdals and diplomas and procure such other awards as it may deem desirable and expedient. It will have entire control of its fairs in all their various details. Sec. 4. The Executive Committee will make reports at each stated meeting of the Association. BY LAWS. 257 Sec. 5. The Association League Committee shall establish rules governing exhibitions, exhibitors, and judges of all exhi- bitions by local Associations, which are members of this Associ- ation and have joined the Association League. It shall have charge and control of all matters pertaining to such exhibitions, which may be delegated to this Association by the Local Associ- ation. It shall have power to make and enforce such regula- tions as it may by be deemed advisable to successfully accom- plish the work of the committee. ARTICLE IX. OEDER OF BUSINESS. 1. Beading minutes of last meeting. 2. Report of Executive Committee which shall include the report of Secretary and Treasurer. 3. Reports of Committees. 4. Election of Officers. 5. Unfinished Business. 6. New Business. 7. Discussions, etc.