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 Regius Profeffor of Hiftory in the 
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 LONDON: PARKER, SON, AND BOURN, WEST STRAND. 
 
REGULATIONS 
 
 rOK COKDtlCTING THE 
 
 MUSKETRY INSTRUCTION 
 OF THE ARMY. 
 
 ADJUTANT-GENERArS OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS, 
 1st February 1859. 
 
 33n 'Muttyaxitn. 
 
 LONDON : 
 PRINTED BY GEOEGE E. EYEE AND V/ILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, 
 
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 AXD 
 
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4 ^6 
 
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GENERAL ORDER. 
 
 Horse Guards, 1st Fehruary 1859. 
 
 The experience gained since the present system of rifle 
 instruction was introduced by order of the late Field 
 Marshal Viscount Hardinge having enabled the General 
 Commanding-in-chief to authorize a modification of the 
 existing code, by which the training of the soldier will 
 be expedited without in any way interfering with the 
 efficient instruction of the troops in the use of the rifle, 
 His Roya;l Highness has directed the annexed revision of 
 the " Instruction of Musketry," and of the appendix 
 thereto, (dated respectively 1st January 1856, and 1st 
 January 1857,) to be circulated for general use in the 
 army. 
 
 All the orders issued on the subject since the last 
 edition Avas published have been embodied in the present 
 regulations ; the returns have been simplified and reduced 
 in number ; the diagrams, except for the platoon and skir- 
 mishing practices, have been dispensed with ; and by the 
 modification now sanctioned, the training of the infantry 
 recruit in this branch of his duty, which at present re- 
 quires twenty-four days, will be completed in sixteen, and 
 the annual com-se for each company, at present occupying 
 eighteen, will be performed in twelve days. 
 
 His Royal Highness will accordingly henceforth admit 
 of no excuse for any deviation from the musketry regula- 
 tions, which form part of the standing orders of the 
 army, and wiU look to General officers to make such a dis- 
 position of the forces under their orders as shall ensm-e 
 the prescribed annual course of instruction being carried 
 on without interruption 
 
 1598. A 2 
 
With a view to compensate for the short time devoted 
 to the execution of the preliminary drill as a part of the 
 yearly course, the General Commanding-in-chief desires 
 that the position drill, particularly the first and tliird 
 practiceSj may be frequently performed under close super- 
 vision, in order, by strengthening the left arm, to give the 
 soldier a perfect command of the rifle with his left hand, 
 and to establish that union between hand and eye, which 
 is indispensable for good rifle shooting, but which can 
 only be attained by constant practice. 
 
 By command of His Royal Highness the 
 General Commanding-in-chief, 
 G. A. Wetheeaxl, 
 
 Adjutant General. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 - 10 
 U 
 
 Pam I. — Duties, Iksteuctoks, &c. - - . 
 
 „ 11. — General ConiiSE or Instkuction 
 „ III. — Preliminaet Drill 
 
 1. Cleaning arms, in eight lessons - - . - 11 
 
 2. Theoretical principles, in eight lessons - . - 21 
 
 3. Aiming di-ill - ... 34 
 
 4. Position drill, in three practices - . . .37 
 
 5. Snapping caps . 43 
 
 6. Blank firing . - 43 
 
 7. Judging distance driU - . - 45 
 
 8. Manufacture of cartridges - . . - 49 
 „ IV. — Practice . . . - 51 
 
 Targets, ranges, butts, signals, &e. . - - 51 
 
 1. Individual firing - . . - 59 
 
 2. Pile firing - - . . - 61 
 
 3. Volley firing - . .61 
 
 4. Skirmishing practice . - 62 
 Practices determining the " figui-e of merit " - - 63 
 Drills and practices in wMch third class shots at final 
 
 classification are to be exercised - - 63 
 Practices to be performed when the range is limited in 
 
 extent . - 64 
 
 5. Judging distance practice . 65 
 
 Do. on occasions of route marching, &o. . 69 
 Table showing the number of drills and lessons to be per- 
 formed - - - - 70 
 
 6. Firing without using back sight . 71 
 
 „ V. — Prizes for Good Shooting - . - 72 
 
 „ VI. — Returns, with Instructions for their preparation 78 
 
 Appendix, detailing the method of conducting the annual course, &c. - 87 
 
 „ List of musketry articles authorized, and price of each . 97 
 
 „ Instructions for Inspectors of Musketry - . - 99 
 
 Forms and Plates ...... . 103 
 
INSTRUCTION OF MUSKETRY 
 
 PART I. 
 
 Duties, Instructors, &c, 
 
 1. In every battalion the rifle training, like i'.ll other Command- 
 exercises, is placed nnder the responsibility of the '"s'^ffic*^''- 
 commanding officer, who is to make himself acquainted 
 
 with this most important part of a soldier's duly, by 
 careful study of the following regulations, by giving 
 his personal superintendence to the drill and practice of 
 the companies under instruction, and by availing himself 
 of the assistance and information to be derived on the 
 subject from inspectors of musketry, at thtir periodical 
 visits. 
 
 2. All correspondence is to be conducted by com- 
 manding officers, who are accountable for the ac uracy 
 of all returns, &c., and are to afford every information 
 and explanation on the subject which may be required 
 of tliem by the Inspector-general of Musketry. 
 
 3. The field officers are also to render themselves ac- Kcid Offl- 
 quainted with the theory and practice of musketry; and captaii^. 
 captains and subalterns are to attend the rifle drill and 
 practice with their companies, to make themselves 
 equally conversant with the " instruction of musketry" 
 
 as with the battalion and company drill, of which indeed 
 it is a component part ; as also with the proficiency 
 of every man of their company in shooting, and judging 
 distance. 
 
 4. In every battalion armed with the rifle or rifle- Officer-in- 
 carbine, there is to be an " officer-instructor of musketry" stnictors. 
 
8 
 
 charged witli the entire musketry training of the young 
 officers and recruits, as well as with the theoretical and 
 preliminary instruction of the other officers and soldiers 
 of the battalion annually. He is also to be responsible 
 that the target and judging distance practices are con- 
 ducted with uniformity by the several companies, and 
 strictly according to these regulations. He must have 
 received a Jirst-class certificate from the head-quarter 
 establishment at Hythe ; — is to be exempted from all 
 regimental and garrison duties ; — and to be considered 
 as one of the regimental staff. In depot battalions, 
 the officers holding the permanent appointment of in- 
 structors of musketry are to be allowed an overslaugh 
 on the roster for duty with the service companies, which 
 they are not to be required to join without special 
 orders from the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 ABSiafiatit 
 
 Olflcer-Iu- 
 
 structor. 
 
 5. In every battalion a subaltern is to be appointed 
 to act as " assistant officer-instructor," who is to be 
 exempt from all regimental and garrison duties while 
 the annual course of rifle instruction is proceeding. 
 An officer who has received a certificate of qualification 
 from Hythe should, when available, be selected for this 
 office. Whenever the officer-instructor is absent for 
 upwards of fourteen days, the allowance for the whole 
 period of such absence is to be issued to the assistant 
 instructor. Commanding officers, when forwarding an 
 application for leave in favor of an instructor, are to 
 specify the name of the officer to do the duty during 
 his absence. 
 
 Sevjeant 
 Instructor. 
 
 6. The words " gazetted instructor," " provisional 
 instructor," or " assistant instructor of musketry," are 
 to be inserted in the regimental and dep6t battalion 
 returns against the names of the officers employed in 
 the above capacities. 
 
 7. One or more Serjeants wiU be apjjointed to every 
 battalion from the corps of permanent instructors of 
 musketry. These Serjeants, — ^who are to be employed 
 exclusively in the rifle instruction of the battalion under 
 the officer instructor, assisting him in all his duties, 
 attending all target drills and practices, and superin- 
 tending the company instructors, — are to be exempt 
 
Instniotor 
 
 from all regimental, garrison, and barrack duties ; and 
 are not to be subject to the orders of any non-com- 
 missioned officer, except as regards discipline. Second- 
 class Serjeant instructors take rank next to tlie quarter- 
 master-serjeant (in the Guards, with the drill Serjeants, 
 according to seniority) ; third-class serjeant instructors 
 next to the colour-serjeants. 
 
 8. In every troop or company of a battalion, the colour- f °™P™y 
 Serjeant, or company serjeant-major, or in his absence 
 the next senior serjeant, is to be appointed company 
 instructor. He is to attend with his company when at 
 target and judging distance drills, to assist the officer 
 and serjeant instructors in their duties, and is also to be 
 charged, under the orders of his captain and of the 
 officer and battalion serjeant instructors, with the 
 instruction of the men in the cleaning and management 
 of their arms, and in the target and judging distance 
 practices. 
 
 A 5 
 
10 
 
 PART II. 
 
 General Course of Instruction. 
 
 1. When the recruit has attained a knowledge of the 
 " platoon " exercise, which is to be taught by the 
 adjutant and serjeant-major, his course of musketry drill 
 and practice is to.be proceeded with according to the 
 following system. 
 
 2. To this great object too much care and attention 
 cannot be devoted. The rifle is placed in the soldier's 
 hands for the destruction of his enemy ; his own safety 
 depends ujion his efficient use of it ; it cannot, there- 
 fore, be too strongly inculcated, that every man who 
 has no defect in his eyes, may be made a good shot ; 
 and that no degree of perfection he may have attained 
 in the other parts of his drill, can upon service remedy 
 any want of proficiency in this ; in fact, all his other 
 instructions in marching and manoeuvring can do no 
 more than place him in the best possible situation for 
 using his weapon with eifect. A soldier who cannot 
 shoot is useless, and an incumbrance to the battalion. 
 
 3. The Instruction in Musketry is divided into two 
 parts ; viz., Peelisiinaey Drill, and Practice. 
 
 4. Under the head of "Preliminary Drill" are com- 
 prised the following subjects : 
 
 1. Cleaning arms. 
 
 2. Theoretical principiles. 
 
 3. Aiming drill. 
 
 4. Position drill. 
 
 5. Snapping caps. 
 
 6. Blank firing. 
 
 7. Judging distance drill. 
 
 8. Manufacture of cartridges. 
 
 5. The " Practice " consists of — 
 
 1. Firing singly. 
 
 2. Firing by files. 
 
 3. Firing in volleys. 
 
 4. Firing in skirmishing order. 
 
 5. Judging distance practice. 
 
 6. Firing without using the back-sight. 
 
11 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Preliminary Drill. 
 
 1. CLEANING- ARMS. 
 
 Every soldier is to be taught the names of the different 
 parts of the lock and rifle, and the rules for cleaning and 
 keeping them in proper order. Too much pains cannot 
 be taken to impress upon the minds of the men the 
 necessity of preserving theii- rifles at all times in the 
 highest condition, and the impossibility of producing 
 accurate shooting with them when dirty. This is the 
 first exercise in which the soldier is to be instructed, 
 and the order in which it is to be communicated is as 
 follows : — 
 
 FiEST Lesson. 
 Name the limbs of the lock, and the other principal 
 parts of the rifle ; as also, explain how to dismount the 
 lock. 
 
 The Lock. 
 
 The limts to be named 
 in the order in which 
 they are removed ; 
 viz. — 
 
 Mainspring. 
 
 Sear-spring. 
 
 Sear. 
 
 Bridle. 
 
 Hammer. 
 
 Tumbler. 
 
 Swivel. 
 
 Lock-plate. 
 
 ,T ., r Tumbler. 
 
 ^^^'^^ J Sear-spring. 
 
 J!^ i Sear. 
 
 P'°=- [Bridle. 
 
 The Rifle. 
 
 Stock. 
 
 Nose-cap. 
 
 r Upper. 
 Bands- -■< Middle. 
 I. Lower. 
 Swell. 
 
 Projections. 
 Lock-side. 
 Head. 
 Small. 
 
 Trigger-guard. 
 Trigger-plate. 
 Trigger. 
 Breech-naiL 
 Side-nails. 
 
 /Toe. 
 
 \ Heel. 
 Heel-plate. 
 
 Butt- 
 
 Barrel. 
 
 Muzzle. 
 
 Front, or fore-sight. 
 'Flanges. 
 
 Back, or 
 elevating -■ 
 Sight. 
 
 Flap. 
 Slider. 
 Spring. 
 LBed. 
 
 Nipple 
 
 Nipple-lump. 
 
 fCone. 
 Square. 
 Shoulder. 
 Touch-hole. 
 Breech. 
 
 {Face. 
 Tang. 
 Breech nail- 
 hole. 
 
12 
 
 Dismount the Lock. 
 
 1st. Unscrew and remove tumbler pin. 
 
 2d. Put the lock at full cock, then place the cramp 
 on the mainsjpring, and, after letting the 
 hammer down, remove it, 
 
 3d. Partly unscrew the sear-spring pin, then place 
 the edge of the turnscrew between the bend 
 of the sear-spring and lock-plate, to raise the 
 former from the latter, after which unscrew the 
 sear-spring pin, and remove the sear-sjDring. 
 
 4th. Unscrew the sear-pin, and remove sear. 
 
 5th. Unscrew the bridle-pin, and remove bridle. 
 
 6th. Remove the liammer (which is to rest in the 
 hollow of the hand) by a few smart taps, — as 
 near the lock-plate as possible, — with some- 
 thing softer than itself. 
 
 7th. Remove the tumbler. 
 
 8th. Remove the swivel from the tumbler. 
 
 Second Lesson. 
 Names of the various parts of the limbs of the lock. 
 
 1st. Mainspring. 
 
 I ^ 
 
 1. Catch. 2. Keturn. 3. Stud. 
 4. Bend. 5. Spring. 6. Claws. 
 
 2d. Sear-spring. 
 
 I ' ^ 
 
 1. Eye. 2. Return. 3. Stud. 
 4. Bend. 5. Spring. 6. Toe. 
 
 3d. Sear. 
 
 1. Al-m. 2. Body. 3. Eye. 
 4. Neck. 5. Nose. 
 
 4th. Bridle. 
 
 1. Stud, 
 hole. 4. J. luiiui 
 5. Sear-pin hole, 
 
 2. Eoot. 3. Bridle-pin 
 Tumbler pivot hole. 
 
 5th. Hammer. 
 
 1. Mouth. 2. Head. 3. Comh. 
 4. Neck. 5. Body. 6. Hole 
 for square of tumhler. 
 
 6th. Tumbler. 
 
 , ^ , 
 
 I. Pivot. 2. Bearer. 3. Shaft. 
 
 4. Swivel pivot-holes. 5. Half 
 
 hent 6. Full bent. 7. Axle. 
 
 8. Squares. 9. Tumbler-pin 
 
 hole. 
 
 Lock-plate. 
 
 7th. Sioivel. 
 , ^ • — ) 
 
 1. Body. 2. Pivots. 
 
 1. Front side nail hole. 2. Mainspring-stud hole. 3. Eore stud. 
 4. Bridle-stud hole. 5. Bridle-pin hole. 6. Hind stud. 7. Hind 
 side nail hole. 8. Sear -spring pin hole. 9. Sear-spring stud hole. 
 10. Sear-pin hole. 11. Tumbler axle hole. 
 
13 
 
 Thied Lesson. 
 
 Instructions to clean tlie lock and ritle, and to keep 
 them in proper order : — 
 
 1. When tlie lock is dismounted, wipe the several 
 limbs, first with an oiled rag, and afterwards with a rag 
 quite dry. 
 
 2. If any specks of rust are seen, either on the lock 
 (more particularly the tumbler axle hole) or any of the 
 limbs, they are to be removed with an oiled rag. No 
 brick-dust, or powder of any kind, is to be used for this 
 purpose, as such would have the effect of removing the 
 case hardening from those parts that are not steel, and 
 thus render them much more liable to rust. 
 
 3. In remounting the lock the threads of the several 
 pins, as also the pivot and axle of tumbler, and pivots of 
 swivel, should be oiled before putting them in their 
 respective places, in order that they may work easily. 
 
 4. The other frictional parts of the lock to which it 
 is essential to apply oil (which should be animal and not 
 vegetable) are the nose of the sear, and between the 
 sear and sear-spring. Only a very small quantity 
 of oil should be used, and applied either Avith a feather, 
 or the point of the pricker, as too much is likely to 
 clog the parts. 
 
 Rifle. 
 
 5. Place the rifle at full cock and draw the ramrod. 
 
 6. Put a piece of rag, woollen if possible, or tow, 
 into the jag, and twist it round so as to cover it. 
 
 7. Hold the rifle in the left hand, at the full extent 
 of the arm, barrel downwards, with the forefinger and 
 thumb in line with, and round the muzzle, heel of the 
 butt resting on the ground to the rear. 
 
 8. Pour about a quarter of a pint of water into the 
 barrel with care, so as to prevent any of it getting 
 between stock and barrel, or into the lock through the 
 
14 
 
 tumbler axle hole; immediately afterwards put the ram- 
 rod into the barrel, and sijonge or rub it carefully up 
 and down to remove the dirt or fouling, forcing the 
 water through the nipple to clear the touch-hole. Repeat 
 this process until the barrel is quite clean. 
 
 9. Wipe the barrel well out with rag or tow until it 
 is perfectly dry, and afterwards with an oiled rag; then 
 put the muzzle stopper in the barrel, and the snap cap on 
 the nipple. Care should be taken to keep the snap cap 
 dry when washing out the barrel, and to wipe the mouth 
 of the hammer before letting it down on the snap cap. 
 
 10. On the following morning, and on every occa- 
 sion before using the rifle, wipe the barrel out jDerfectly 
 clean and dry. 
 
 11. The fouling which settles on the stock near the 
 nipple lump when firing should, if possible, be removed 
 without using water or a damp rag. On no account is 
 a knife or sharp instrument of any description to be 
 used to remove the dirt near the nipple lumjD or trigger 
 plate. 
 
 12. By the foregoing mode of cleaning, the liability of 
 the barrel to become rusty will be very much reduced, 
 and the frequent necessity for removing it from the 
 stock, which is always objectionable, be obviated. 
 
 13. In order to prevent water soaking into the 
 stock, and at the same time to give it a smooth and 
 polished appearance, rub it over well with oil, and apply 
 a little bees-wax between it and the barrel, and between 
 the lock plate and stock, to prevent water getting under 
 the barrel or into the lock. 
 
 Fourth Lesson. 
 
 Remount the lock. 
 
 1. Attach the swivel to the tumbler. 
 
 2. Place the tumbler in the axle hole of lock-plate 
 with its bearer as^ainst the hind stud. 
 
15 
 
 3. Fix the bridle on the pivot of tumbler, aud its 
 stud in the lock -plate ; then screw home the bridle-pin. 
 which differs from the other pins (which are rounded 
 off) hj being flat at the end. 
 
 4. Place the sear between the bridle and the lock- 
 plate, with its nose against the tumbler, aud screw home 
 the sear-pin. 
 
 5. Partly screw the sear-spring to the lock-plate, 
 then with the thumb of the left hand press the spring 
 against the body of the sear until the stud enters the 
 stud-hole, and screw home the sear-spring pin. 
 
 6. Fix the hammer on the squares of the tumbler in 
 a position as if on the nipple, aud screw home the 
 tumbler-pin. 
 
 7. Attach the swivel by its pivots to the claws of the 
 mainspring, then put on the mainspring, by placing the 
 stud in the lock-plate, and its catch against the fore stud; 
 after which place the lock at full-cock to remove the 
 cramp; this being done, ease the lock to half-cock. 
 
 Fifth Lesson. 
 
 Explain the uses of the different parts of the lock, 
 in two lessons. 
 
 1. Mainspri7ig. — This spring acts upon the tumbler 
 to draw the hammer down upon the nipple. The stud 
 which is attached to the return is required to keep the 
 spring in its place, and, together with the fore stud that 
 secures the catch to the lock-plate, offers such a resistance 
 as ensures the action of the mainspring. 
 
 2. Sear-spring. — This spring acts upon the sear; the 
 toe of the spring bears against the body of the sear, and 
 presses it outwards whenever the tumbler is revolved, 
 by drawing the hammer backwards, thereby causing 
 the nose of the sear to enter the half and fuU bents. 
 The stud which is attached to the return is necessary to 
 keep the sear-spring in its place, and, together with the 
 
16 
 
 sear-spring jDin, secures it to the lock-plate, and offers 
 sucli a resistance as ensures the action of the spring. 
 
 3. Sear. — The sear acts as a stop on the movement of 
 the tumbler, into the half and full bents of which the 
 sear-nose enters to keej) the lock at half and full cock; 
 the nose of the sear should be so constructed as to fit 
 the bents exactly. The arm of the sear is that part on 
 ■which the trigger acts to raise the sear-nose out of the 
 full bent of tumbler, thereby releasing it to the action of 
 the mainspring. 
 
 Sixth Lesson. 
 
 4. Bridle. — The bridle secures the tumbler and sear 
 in their proper places on the lock-plate; the bridle stud, 
 which fits into the lock-plate, together with the sear and 
 bridle-pins, keeps the bridle in its place. 
 
 5. Hammer. — The hammer is fixed to the tumbler to 
 explode the cap. 
 
 6. Tumbler. — This is a most important part of the 
 lock; it holds the hammer and revolves in the lock- 
 plate and bridle; and is made very strong to sustain 
 the force of the mainspring. The notches in its side, 
 termed " bents," are to retain the hammer in a position 
 to place the cap on the nipple and to explode it. The 
 half bent in its construction has two angles, one acute, 
 the other obtuse; such a formation is essential to prevent 
 the possibility of the sear-nose being released by the 
 action of the trigger, — for whatever amount of pressure 
 is applied thereto could only have the effect of breaking 
 away either the half bent or sear-nose ; the full bent is 
 so formed as to allow the sear-nose to be withdrawn, 
 from it with the least resistance, — these parts, con- 
 sequently, must coincide. The edges of the full and 
 half bents should be in the same arc of a circle, to ensure 
 the proper action of the tumbler; if the edge of the 
 latter protrudes, the sear-nose when released from the 
 full bent to allow the hammer to fall will catch in the 
 half bent; and if it is cut away the position of half-cock 
 is not secure. The shaft is for the purpose of con- 
 necting the mainspring with the tumbler by means of 
 the swivel. 
 
17 
 
 7. Loch-plate. — This is the foundation of the lock, on 
 which the several jDarts are fixed; the fore stud, as 
 before stated, is to secure the catch of the mainspring 
 and to offer a resistance to ensure its action; the hind 
 stud acts as a break to prevent the tumbler revolvino- 
 beyond what is necessary when put in motion by the 
 mainspring, whose action is also thereby stopped. 
 
 vSeventh Lesson. 
 
 Explain how the rifle and ammunition may get out of order, 
 and how this may be prevented, in two lessons. 
 
 1. In order to ensure a true and easy action of the 
 lock the several pins, pivots, &c. should be perpendicular 
 (or upright) to the lock-plate, which is, or should be, a 
 perfect plane. 
 
 2. Pull ojf.—l.t is erroneous to suppose that by 
 loosening the sear or any other pin an easier or lightei- 
 pull off is obtained; such a measure is only calculated to 
 impair the lock, by causing an increased wear and tear 
 of the jJarts, which are thereby thrown out of truth. 
 When the pull off is too great, either the full bent and 
 sear-nose are not; Avell adapted to each other, or the 
 sear-spring is too strong; these defects, which cause an 
 alteration of the aim when firing, are easily rectified by 
 the armourer when necessary, but must never be 
 attempted by the soldier. 
 
 3. Wood-huimd. — The lock is said to be wood-bound 
 when the parts are embedded in the wood work of the 
 stock, and are thereby prevented from exercising their 
 proper functions. This defect, while it may arise from 
 the swelling of the wood in damp weather, or if exposed 
 to wet, is often occasioned by screwing the lock too 
 tightly to the stock. The side nails, as also the pins of 
 the lock when screwed home, should not protrude beyond 
 the outer side of the lock-plate. The ends of said nails 
 and pins (except the bridle-pin, which, being flat, should 
 be flush) are rounded off to the lock-plate, and present 
 no edsies. 
 
18 
 
 4. 3Iiss-Jires. — The non-explosion of the percussion 
 cap is often attributed to the weakness of the main- 
 spring; this may sometimes be the case. In the majority 
 of instances, however, the defect may be traced to the 
 dirty or rusty state of the tumbler axle hole, and axle 
 of tumbler, which necessarily impedes the fall of the 
 hammer, and consequently reduces the force of the blow 
 that is essential to explode the cap; — and frequently from 
 the cap not being pressed firmly home on the nipple 
 which prevents the hammer acting with full effect. 
 
 5. Tlie non-ignition of the charge by the cap, very 
 often arises from an accumulation of dirt at the base of 
 the touch-bole. 
 
 6. Tliese causes of miss-fire point to the necessity of 
 great care being taken in cleaning the rifle, to prevent 
 dirt remaining in the touch -hole, or water entering the 
 lock by the axle hole; and of attention being paid to the 
 instructions in the fifth motion for capping. 
 
 7. Miss-fires may be occasioned by the communication 
 hole (that is, the hole by which the detonating spark is 
 conveyed to the charge,) not being of sufiicient size; — or 
 by the nipple screw being too long, the consequence of 
 which would be that, when screwed down, it would shut 
 up a part of the communication hole, and prevent the 
 powder from getting into the chamber; — or from the 
 nipple being too large for the cap. Tliese defects should 
 be remedied by the armourer. 
 
 8. The soldier should be careful to see that his nipple 
 is in good order, as the instructor will naturally attribute 
 " miss-fires " to a dirty rifle, which marks the inattentive 
 soldier, and exposes him to punishment. 
 
 Eighth Lesson. 
 
 9. The barrel. — The soldier cannot be too careful of 
 the barrel of his rifle to prevent its being bent or 
 dented, either of which defects are very serious as 
 regards accurate shooting, and seldom occur except from 
 carelessness ; if he suspects that his barrel is either 
 bent or dented he should report the circumstance 
 immediately. 
 
19 
 
 10. The soldier is on no account whatever to use his 
 rifle for carrying any weight, or for any purpose for 
 which It is not intended, as the barrel is bent very 
 easily. •' 
 
 1 1 . Placing arms forcibly in a rack, or piling them 
 ca,relessly, in consequence of which they often fall down, 
 will frequently set or crook the barrel, more particularly 
 at the muzzle, where it is the thinnest ; and this being 
 the point of delivery, the arm becomes irreparably 
 damaged. 
 
 12. Care should be taken to protect the fore-sight 
 from being bent, blunted, or injured in any way. 
 
 13. If the interior of the barrel be allowed to become 
 rusty, the increased resistance to the passage of the 
 bullet will probably cause the latter to " strip " (or pass 
 out of the grooving) or else the wood plug may be 
 driven through the bullet, and the arm for the time 
 rendered useless. Rust in tlie barrel will also prevent 
 the proper expansion of the bullet, and impair its ro- 
 tation, which is essential to produce accurate shooting; 
 it will likewise render the rifle difficult to load. If a 
 soldier cannot prevent this, by keeping his barrel clean, 
 he is not fit to be intrusted with a rifle. Rust is 
 caused by the joint efiects of moisture and air, the surest 
 way, therefore, of preventing rust in the barrel is to 
 keep the bore perfectly dry, and invariably to have the 
 muzzle stopjser in it, and the snap cap on tlie nipple, so as 
 to exclude all air. 
 
 14. The soldier should be enjoined to be careful, when 
 skirmishing, not to run the muzzle of the barrel into the 
 ground ; should he accidentally do so, he is to ask per- 
 mission to fall out to remove the dirt, for, if the rifle be 
 fired, the obstruction in the muzzle is liable to burst the 
 barrel : If not loaded, the dirt should be carefully removed 
 and the barrel wiped out, for if rammed down with a 
 charge, it would tear the barrel and destroy the surface 
 of the bore. 
 
 15. Ammunition. — The greatest attention must be paid 
 to the cleanliness of the inside of the pouches, so that 
 no dirt or dvist may adhere to the greased part of the 
 cartridge. 
 
20 
 
 16. Whenever there are any loose cartridges in the 
 pouch, they should be folded in paper, in order that 
 they may not shake about and become damaged. To 
 preserve the ammunition in an efficient condition, the 
 pouch should always be well packed, and no vacant space 
 allowed to remain in it. 
 
 17. As powder when damp will not send a bullet so far 
 as when perfectly dry, and as it is also more diificult to 
 ignite by the detonating spark from the percussion cap, 
 the cartridges and percussion caps are always to be kept 
 as dry as possible. 
 
 18. When on pioquet, or whenever the rifle is likely to 
 be exposed to rain when loaded (which should never be 
 allowed, if it can be avoided,) the soldier should remove 
 the percussion cap and place the snap cap on the nipple 
 instead. In the absence of the snap cap, stop up the 
 nipple with grease, easing the spring in either case ; if 
 there be no grease at hand, drive a peg of soft wood into 
 the nipple and put the cap on. Neither the grease nor 
 the peg will in any way impede the action of the per- 
 cussion cap if properly pressed home on the nipple, as 
 both will disappear on the explosion. 
 
 19. No non-commissioned officer or private is on any 
 account whatever to be allowed to remove his lock from 
 the stock, and take it to pieces, until he is thoroughly 
 acquainted with the foregoing instructions in detail, and 
 has been officially certified by the officer-instructor to be 
 capable of doing so accurately and efficiently. As the 
 barrel seldom needs removing from the stock, this ser- 
 vice, -which requires great care in its execution to prevent 
 the head of the riile from being broken, is invariably 
 to be performed by the regimental armourer or his 
 assistant, more particularly as the ordinary turnscrew is 
 not adapted either to remove the breech pin, or to screw 
 it home again. 
 
 _ 20. The armourer-serjeant will assist in the instruc- 
 tion of the soldier in the mechanism and construction of 
 his rifle. 
 
21 
 
 2. THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES. 
 
 1. This branch of the insta-uction is specially confided 
 to the officer-insti-uctor, who is to explain the principles 
 thereof in the following order, in a clear and concise 
 manner, ^ and in language snited to the capacity of the 
 men, as it is most important they should well understand 
 the reasons for all those rules which have to be attended 
 to in practice. 
 
 2. A black-board and a piece of chalk are made use 
 of to describe the fissures. 
 
 FiEST Lesson. 
 
 1. The instructor is first to explain the construction Construe- 
 of the barrel as far as is necessary to show that the bark"/ *'^^ 
 upper surface does not lie in the same direction as the 
 
 inside or bore, with a view hereafter to show that the 
 barrel thus constituted gives elevation in itself. 
 
 2. That the " axis of the piece " is an imaginary line Axis of the 
 along the centre of the barrel, which denotes the course ''''^'^''" 
 taken by the centre of the bullet whilst under the 
 influence of the exploded powder, and the distance and 
 direction in which it is guided in its flight. Having 
 drawn upon the hoard a section of the rijle^'' describe 
 
 the axis laid horizontally. A B.fig. 1, plate 1. 
 
 3. That the " line of fire " is the direction in Avhich the Line of Are. 
 bullet would fly, and with uniform velocity, were it not 
 impeded by the resistance of the atmospheie, and drawn Laws in- 
 from it by the force of gravity. Here describe the line the courle 
 of fire, BC, fig. 1, in continuation of the axis. indlet 
 
 * N.B. The section of the rifle may be cut in card, tin, or zinc, 
 and fastened to the board by a pivot at the breech, on which it can 
 easily be turned in any required direction. 
 
22 
 
 Resistance 
 of the air. 
 
 Force of 
 gravity. 
 
 Trajectory. 
 
 Second Lesson. 
 
 4. The instructor will now proceed to explain that 
 the atmosphere is an elastic fluid, consisting of a multi- 
 tude of small particles which cannot be moved or set 
 aside by the bullet, without imparting to it some degree 
 of reactionary force, and thereby reducing at every 
 moment the velocity of its flight; and that the greater 
 the velocity with which the bullet is proceeding, the 
 greater is the resistance it meets. 
 
 5. That the " force of gravity," — a power which draws 
 .nil unsupported bodies to the earth, — commencing to act 
 upon the bullet as soon as it quits the muzzle, draws it 
 towards the ground with greater velocity in proj)ortion 
 to the time it is exposed to its influence. 
 
 6. That these two distinct motions, — ilie one increasing 
 as the other diminishes, — cause the bullet to move in a 
 curved line called the " trajectory ;" that for a short dis- 
 tance, in consequence of the great velocity of the bullet 
 iu its forward motion, and the comparatively short time 
 that gravity has had to act, the course of the bullet 
 scarcely deviates from the line of fire; and that the 
 curve increases more and more in proportion as the 
 bullet becomes more distant from the muzzle. Here 
 describe the " trajectori/." JBD,Jig. 1. 
 
 Thied Lesson. 
 
 Initial di- 7. The instructor will next proceed to show how a 
 bfgi^en to knowledge of the laws referred to in the last lesson can 
 a bullet to be applied in practice. He Avill first cause the men to 
 hit'a m*ark. observe that if the " axis of the piece " is directed upon an 
 object the bullet will never hit it, but, for the reasons 
 before explained, will always pass below it. As there- 
 fore it has been found by experiment that in the first 
 100 yards the bullet falls about 1 foot 5 inches it will 
 be necessary that the line of fire should be dire'cted to 
 a point 1 foot 5 inches above the mark it is desired to 
 hit; in which case the " trajectory," conforming to the 
 movement of the line of fire, will also be raise°d 1 foot 
 5 inches, and the bullet will strike the mark. Jlere 
 
23 
 
 change the db'ection of the axis, and draiv the 7ieiu line 
 
 of fire A F, and the new trajectory passing through C, 
 fig. 1, contimnng it to any distance that may he deemed 
 
 necessary; and in order that the men may not he con- 
 fused hy too inany lines, rich out the old liiie of fire and 
 
 trajectory marked in dotted lines in fig. 1. 
 
 8. In the second place, clearly explain tliat to fire "Y?,? °'^ 
 with accuracy it is necessary the sights should be care- arrange" 
 fully aligned between the eye and the mark; that if, J^S't fj,, 
 however, the sights on the upper surface of the barrel ido yards, 
 were so constructed as to be in the same direction, or 
 
 in other words, parallel to the axis, or if the barrel were 
 as thick at the muzzle as at the breech, it would then 
 be necessary, at 100 yards, to aim 1 foot 5 inches above 
 the maxk; but that by doing so, the ilrer would lose 
 sight of said mark, and consequently be uncertain of his 
 correct elevation. That, to obviate this difficulty and 
 drawback to accurate shooting, the height of the lowest 
 back-sight of the rifle is so arranged, that (together with 
 the difference in thickness of metal of barrel between 
 the breech and muzzle) when aim is taken straight upon 
 an object at 100 yards the " axis of the piece " receives 
 the necessary degree of elevation. Here draw the line 
 of sight, CGH,fig. \,from the mark C to the top of the 
 fore-sight, and continue it through the hottom of the 
 notch of the hack-sight, the height of lohich is to he 
 arranged accordingly. 
 
 9. Proceed to show that if the 100 yards sight were ^™°j?- 
 used to fire at a mark 200 yards oflF (aim being taken s?|i,\ for 
 straight on the object) the bullet would pass below it,— f^l^^^^^ 
 with^a view to prove that the 100 yards sight does not 
 
 o-ive a sufficient elevation for the increased distance. 
 Xllere continue the line of sight to K,fig. 1, and assign 
 to it a dista>ice of 200 yards.) Then explain that as at 
 the distance of 100 yards, so at all other greater distances, 
 the " line of fire " must be directed as much above the 
 object as the bullet passes below the said line ivhen laid 
 horizontally at those distances ; and that in order to 
 enable the firer to aim straight at the mark at all dis- 
 tances, the back-sight is made capable of adjustment by 
 means of a flap and sliding bar, and thus becomes 
 available for all ranges from 100 to 900 yards; so that 
 
24 
 
 if the iirer is certain of his distance, and adjusts his 
 sight accoi-diugly, he need not trouble himself about the 
 elevation, which is arranged for him in the construction 
 of the sights. Explain further that, for distances beyond 
 900 yards, the fii'er must determine the elevation by 
 raising his eye as much above the back-sight as he may 
 think necessary, always keeping the fore-sight in line 
 with the object; and if under 100 yards (vide M,fig. 1), 
 that allowance must be made for the slight rise of the 
 "trajectory" above the "line of sight," by aiming a few 
 inches under the mark ; viz., about 8 inches will be suffi- 
 cient at 50 yards, and about 4 inches at 30 yards. 
 
 muTtr"! ^^' ^ simple method of practically illustrating the 
 
 thepriu- principles which regulate the adjustment and position 
 which the °^ *^® sights is by means of a model gun, having 
 back-sight is a smaU spring in the barrel to project a dart, or pointed 
 adjusted. wooden bullet, with sufficient force to penetrate a target 
 at a short distance, and a folding back-sight with sliding 
 bar on the barrel, to affiDrd three " lines of sight ;" viz. 
 one on the surface of the barrel parallel to the axis, 
 one for the distance of about four feet, and one for about 
 eight feet. Put a stopper in the muzzle, with a string 
 tied to the centre to represent the " line of fire," and have 
 another string to show the "line of sight ;" first place the 
 gun at the distance of about four feet from the target 
 and direct the " line of fire " upon a bull's-eye marked' on 
 the target, on the same level as the axis of the n-un or 
 muzzle ; this being done, remove the muzzle stopper 
 and fire the gun, when it will be seen that the bullet or 
 dart will strike the tai'get below the mark ; then measure 
 the fall of the bullet, and place a spot upon the taro-et 
 as much above the bull's-eye to be struck as the buflet 
 has fallen below it, and direct the " line of fire '' upon 
 said spot ; again fire the gun, when the bull's-eye will 
 be struck. Here make the soldier look alono- the sio-ht 
 which is parallel to the axis, and he will observe that 
 the muzzle hides the bull's-eye from view ; thus he will 
 see that by directing the " line of fire " on a spot as much 
 above the object to be hit as the bullet falls below it 
 he has no security that the sight is properly directed' 
 nor has he any guide to the elevation, except the 
 previous measurement, which would of course be im- 
 practicable when firing with a musket. After this 
 
25 
 
 raise the folding sight and the eye, -n-ithout altering the 
 position of the gun, until the fore-sight is in a line with 
 the bull's-eye ; then raise the sliding bar to the height 
 of the eye, and make a mark on the flap to show the 
 elevation due to the distance of four feet, so that when 
 it is again intended to fire at this distance, the firer has 
 only to raise the sliding bar to the mark on the flap, and 
 aim straight at the object. Let the gun now be removed 
 to a distance of about eight feet, an"d make use of the 
 same sight that has been previously adjusted for four 
 feet, when it will be seen that the bullet or dart will 
 strike low, thereby showing the necessity of usino- a 
 higher back-sight for this distance, and the importance 
 of knowing correctly the distance from the mark, in 
 order to regulate the sight accordingly. The stand on 
 which the gun is fixed (vide fg. fo. plate 2.) should 
 have a hinge at A, to enable the instructor to demon- 
 strate the effect of inclining the sights to one side ; to 
 be treated of in the following lesson. 
 
 FouiiTH Lesson. 
 
 11. In order to explain the foregoing sections on the Sh&wre- 
 
 " line of sight" more thoroughly, the instructor will cause lionor°iine 
 the breech-pin to be taken out of a barrel, and a pluo- of offlie"and 
 wood, with a hole bored in the centre, substituted in Us sighif'°by 
 place, and put on the muzzle a cap or rine; fitted with removing 
 ci'oss wires ; he will then place a barrel on a traversing pin. 
 rest, and cause the men to aim with the 900 yards sight 
 at a spot on the wall or black-board, and afterwards to 
 look through the barrel, with a ^iew to observe the 
 angle formed by the "line of fire" and "line of sight." 
 
 12. Whilst the barrel is still upon the traversing rest. Necessity of 
 the instructor will explain to the men the importance of sigiits up- * 
 holding the sights upright ; that the VjuUet, instead of "E*'*- 
 hitting the mark aimed at, will invariably strike on that 
 
 side to which the sight is inclined, and that the greater 
 the distance the greater will be the error due to any 
 inattention in this particular. To make this subject clear, 
 let a vertical line be drawn on the black-board and a 
 spot made thereon to aim at, and cause the men to aim 
 at said spot with the 900 yards sight, which must be 
 
 B 
 
26 
 
 Error of 
 direction. 
 
 Error of 
 elovation. 
 
 Ho'iT the 
 error of di- 
 rection and 
 elevation, 
 caused by 
 the inclina- 
 tion of baclt 
 si^lit, may 
 be slrown. 
 
 pei'fecfclj- upright, and afterwards to look tlirougli tlie 
 barrel, directing their attention to the fact of the cross 
 wires catting the vertical line above the mark aimed at ; 
 then cause them to aim at the same spot with the same 
 sight, but inclined to one side, and to look through the 
 barrel again, when they will see that the " line of fire," 
 instead of being directed upon the same vertical- line as 
 before, is directed to that side to vvrhich the sight is 
 iucliued ; and, as the "trajectory" always conforms to 
 the " line of fire," the bullet, instead of hitting the 
 mark, would strike on that side. Vide fig. 3. ^jZaie 1. 
 
 13. Farther explain that not only is the direction 
 affected by the inclination of the sight, but the elevation 
 also, which is thereby lessened. This \n\l be made 
 very clear by placing a card, witli lines drawn upon it 
 {vide fig. 4.), to represent the proper height of the back- 
 sight, at each distance, vertically at the back of the sight, 
 when the men will observe wiiat amount of elevation 
 is lost by any degree of inclination of the back- 
 sight. 
 
 14. Both the error of direction and elevation caused 
 by the inclination of back-sight may also be shown by a 
 small model gun {fig. 5.) v/ith wires affixed to it to 
 represent the "line of fire," the "line of sight," and 
 "trajectory;" the "trajectory" is made to hinge upon 
 the "line of fire" to show the exact course the bullet 
 will pursue at any degree of inclination of back-sight ; 
 as also that the " trajectory" always preserves the same 
 relative position below the " line of fire." The model 
 gun described in paragraph 10 loill likewise illustrate 
 the defects herein referred to, in a very forcible manner. 
 
 Fifth Lesson. 
 
 Heigiitof 15. Here explain the height of the trajectory at the 
 
 tSseleraf' several ranges, and the distance at which cavahy and 
 
 ranges. infantry are under the power of the rifle when fired 
 
 with the several elevations marked on the back-sio-ht 
 
 in order to impress upon the men the great importance 
 
 of training themselves to judge distance. It has already 
 
27 
 
 been shown how necessary it is that the back-sio-ht of 
 the rifle should be adjusted to the correct distance ; but 
 the soldier cannot do this if he is not thoroughly trained 
 to judge distance by the eye. It is of no use his being a 
 good shot at a fixed mark if he cannot hit the enemy in 
 the field ; this is the object of all his training. 
 
 16. It has been ascertained by experiment that if the 
 rifled musket, pattern 1853, be fired with the elevation 
 due to 600 yards at an object 570 yards off, the bullet 
 will strike 2*38 feet above the mark ; if the rifle be 
 fired with the same elevation at the distance of 630 yards, 
 the bullet will strike 2 • 54 feet below the mark, showing 
 that any error of 30 yards in the appreciation of distance 
 would, at this range, cause the soldier to strike the 
 figure of a man either in the head or feet, according as 
 the error of appreciation was under or over the coi-rect 
 distance {fig. 11. plate 3.) When firing with the 300 
 yards' sight, the bullet will, in passing over a distance of 
 about 70 yards, fall half the height of a man, owing to 
 the trajectory of 300 j^irds being less incurvated than 
 that of 600 yards. At 800 and 900 yards, the curve being 
 greater than at either of the above-mentioned distances, 
 the same fall would take place in passing over a much 
 shorter distance; consecjiuently the greater the distance 
 the greater the necessity of knowing it accurately. It is 
 for this reason that none but well-ti'ained soldiers should 
 ever be allowed to fire at such distances as 800, 900, and 
 1,000 yards, at smaller objects than columns of troops, 
 whose depth would make up, in some degree, for the 
 malappre elation of distance. Thus, in firing at a column 
 {Jig. 12.) whose depth is 100 yards, if the soldier over 
 estimates the distance of the front rank by 100 yards, 
 (although such an error would cause him to miss the 
 front rank,) he would, if the ground were level, strike 
 the column in its rear. As the soldier, however well 
 trained, cannot always be certain of his distance, it is 
 preferable when in the field, to give the first shot an 
 elevation rather under than over the correct one ; the 
 shot will then strike the ground before reaching the 
 object, and may possibly hit in its bound, or ricochet, as 
 it is called. He should be taught to watch the effect 
 of his shot, which may generally be ascertained by 
 observing the dust thrown up when the bullet strikes 
 
 B 2 
 
28 
 
 the ground ; lie can then adjust his sliding bar according 
 as his first shot strikes before or beyond the object. 
 
 "Wind. 
 
 Sun. 
 
 Defect of 
 sighting. 
 
 Sixth Lesson. 
 
 17. The instructor will now proceed to explain the 
 effect of the wind, sun, &c. when firing. 
 
 18. Wind, being air in motion, when blowing from the 
 right will carry the bullet towards the left of the mark, 
 and vice versa ; when from the front it will slightly 
 reduce the speed of the bullet, and when from the rear 
 increase it — -causing in the former instance a reduction, 
 and in the latter an increase, in the range in proportion 
 to its force and the distance of the object fired at. The 
 soldier is to be informed that a wind from the front or 
 rear does not produce so much effect as a side wind ; and 
 that he must be guided entirely by experience in making 
 an allowance for wind, as no fixed rules can be laid 
 down for his guidance, further than that if the wind, 
 for instance, is blowing from the left he must aim a little 
 to the left of the mark ; if he finds that the bullet still 
 strikes to the right, he must make a little more allowance 
 in firing the next shot. 
 
 19. When the sun is shining from the left it lightens 
 up the left side of the fore-sight and the right side of the 
 notch of the back-sight, ; the firer, in taking aim, is apt 
 to be guided by those brilliant spots instead of the real 
 centres of the notches, and the result is that the axis is 
 directed to the right ; when, on the other hand, the sun 
 is on the right, he will be liable to aim too much to the 
 left. 
 
 20. It may sometimes occur that the rifle is not 
 accurately sighted as to elevation, and consequently may 
 carry a little high or low. As the marks on the flap, 
 denoting the height to which the sliding bar should be 
 raised for different distances, are not always exactly in the 
 right place, (the sights being all made in the manufactory 
 to one pattern,) the soldier should be cautioned to pay 
 attention to each shot, having only a few to fire at a 
 distance ; if it goes low, he must raise his sliding bar a 
 little ; if high, the reverse. The sights are not always 
 
29 
 
 in the proper line. If the back-sight is to the right the 
 rifle will carry to the right; if the fore-sight is to the right, 
 it will carry to the left, and vice versa; this defect should 
 be remedied by aiming in the contrary direction. 
 
 21. If an object fired at be moving, whether it be a Firing at a 
 man walking or a horse at a gallop, it is obvious that it ^^^t*^ 
 will pass over a certain distance between the moment of 
 discharge and the time that the bullet reaches it ; if the 
 
 body is moving across from left to right, or from right to 
 left, the soldier must aim a little to the front of it ; but 
 how much, must depend, first, on the pace it is going, and 
 secondly, on the distance of the object from the firer and 
 the consequent time the bullet will have to travel. The 
 firer must exercise his own judgment in this matter, as 
 no fixed rule can be laid down for his guidance. 
 
 22. If, in loading, the soldier observes that there Inexact 
 is not sufficient powder in the cartridge, or should mentof ' 
 he accidentally spill a portion of it, he must in firing, aim charge, 
 a little high, otherwise the bullet will fall short of the 
 mark. 
 
 23. The necessity of always loading standing, when Pouring in 
 practicable, and of keeping the barrel perfectly upright, *''^ charge, 
 should also be inculcated ; for when the barrel is inclined, 
 
 as in loading on the knee, a great portion of the powder 
 sticks in the fouling on the sides of the barrel, and may 
 cause difficulty in loading. 
 
 24. Whenever the lubricating malei-ial round the Lubricating 
 bullet appears to be melted away, or otherwise removed "^t^r^- 
 from the cartridge, the soldier is to be instructed that 
 
 the sides of the bullet should be wetted in the mouth 
 before putting it into the barrel, as the saliva will serve 
 the purpose of grease for the time being. 
 
 25. The rifle may not have a proper bore ; if the Imperfect 
 soldier finds that his cartridge invariably rams down °''®" 
 hard, or is very loose in the barrel, he should not fail to 
 report the circumstance immediately. 
 
30 
 
 Seventh Lesson. 
 
 26. In this lesson the instructor will explain the 
 advantages of a rifled barrel, by pointing out the causes 
 of uncertain fire in the smooth-bore musket and the 
 means by which they have been obviated. 
 
 Causes of 27. The chief cause of error in the smooth-bore 
 
 Are iu the musket was the excess of windage, which is the difference 
 smooth-bore of size between the bore and the bullet. Here the 191- 
 mus -et. structor luill draio a section of the barrel, with the round 
 bullet resting on its lower surface in contact with the 
 -poxoder {vide fig. Q. plate 2.^ A great amount of wind- 
 age was necessary with the old musket, otherwise, when 
 the barrel became foul after firing, the bullet would not 
 Excess of enter. When the musket is held up to the " present " 
 win age. ^-j^g -^^ ^jjj ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ lower surface of the barrel, 
 
 consequently the whole of the windage will be above. 
 During the explosion of the powder a portion of the gas 
 will escape by the windage, and force the ball down on 
 the lower surface of the barrel at the same time that it 
 forces it out of it. The ball, bounding from the lower 
 surface of the barrel, will strike against the top, and so 
 continue to rebound from the ixpper surface to the lower, 
 or from side to side, in a zigzag direction, instead of 
 passing evenly along the barrel, the I'esult of which is 
 that on whatever side the ball last strikes the barrel it 
 will receive a reactionary force tending to send it in an 
 opposite direction, and so divert it from the course it is 
 intended to pursue. 
 
 Error due to 28. The bullet now used with the rifle musket, besides 
 
 windagf being elongated, and therefore better shaped for passing 
 
 rectified by through the air, is so contrived that in its passage 
 
 inlbaS?" ' out of the barrel aU windage is done away with. This 
 
 bullet enters the barrel easily, but on the explosion of 
 
 the powder taking place, the pressure of the air in front, 
 
 and the force of the explosion behind, have the effect 
 
 of dilating or enlarging its cylindrical portion so as to 
 
 make it fit the barrel tightly, precisely in the same way 
 
 that compressing an orange or an india-rubber ball at 
 
 its opposite ends would widen its other diameter, and 
 
 so enlarge its lateral circumference. Thus windage 
 
 is completely done away with, and the whole force of 
 
31 
 
 tlie_ explosion acts upon tlie bullet in the same direction, 
 giving it increased velocity, and obviating those ir- 
 regularities v/hich have been described as taking place 
 during the passage of the spherical ball through the 
 smooth-bore barrel. 
 
 29. Eut, besides the irregularities above described. Error due 
 which tend to give the spherical ball a ivrong direction, f°vefi''CT'i? 
 there is also another cause calculated to influence it 
 during its flight : Suppose a ball {fig 8.) to be passing 
 through the air in the direction of the arrow A, and that 
 by some accident it had a hollow or unevenness on one 
 side, at B, this will receive the pressure of the atmo- 
 sphere in the direction of the arrov.' C, which v.'ould 
 tend to divert the ball from its true course and tend it in 
 the direction of the arrow D. The elongated bullet 
 would be equally, if not more, affected by any such 
 unevenness of its surface if fired out of a smooth 
 barrel ; the error, however, arising from this cause is 
 corrected by the barrel being rifled in the manner 
 described in the next section. 
 
 Eighth Lesson. 
 
 30. A barrel that has any number of grooves cut down The I'ifltd 
 the inside of it, is said to be rifled. These grooves are ^^"'^■'''^'• 
 cut in a spiral direction with a view to cause the bullet 
 
 to turn or spin on its longer axis. Here cause the men 
 to look through the rifle barrel, to see the grooves and 
 the degree of turn or twist given to them, and direct 
 their attention to the fact that, when the grooves make 
 half a turn in the length of the bai-rel, the groove v/hich 
 is at the one side at the breech turns, and appenrs on 
 the opposite side at the muzzle, pnsr.ing over like a 
 female screw from left to right. 
 
 31. When the bullet is expanded by the explosion of -Error dueto 
 the powder, &c. as before described, it is not only made flgOTer'e^cti- 
 to fit the barrel tightly, but its cylindrical surface isfiecibythe 
 moulded into the grooves in such a way that during its '^' ^'' ™^'^ ' 
 passage through the barrel it is constrained to turn with 
 
 the grooves, and thus it receives a spinning movement 
 around its longer axis, which continues durinjr the 
 
32 
 
 rcmaiuder of its flight ; tliis not only prevents a rota- 
 tion in any other direction, but is in itself a rotation 
 calculated to ensure accuracy of flight, by constantly 
 presenting any imperfection of surface to the air in 
 opposite directions. The object, therefore, of spiral 
 grooves is to correct by the means ivhich have been 
 detailed, the flight of the bullet, and to cause it to spin 
 or rotate in a direction coincident with its flight, thus 
 keeping its point foremost. 
 
 D.;scribiiis 32. Tlie best way of describing the motions of a rifle 
 otlrifle^bii!- projectile in its passage through the air is ]>j means of 
 let thrcuaii a bciit arrow, j^ff. 9. Suppose the arrow was shot from 
 the point A, with a view to hit the mark C, and no 
 spinning motion was given to it, if the bent point of the 
 arrow were placed upwards, the greater pressure of the 
 air being on its convex side would tend to carry it in 
 th'j direction D ; but if it had previously received a 
 spliinliig motion, then, by the time it reached E the 
 point would have turned in an opposite direction and 
 have proceeded downwards, descending as far beneath 
 the true " trajectory " in so doing, as it had at first risen 
 above it ; thus the arrow would continue throughout 
 its course to move in a spiral direction round the true 
 "trajectory," constantly correcting the error due to its im- 
 perfect figure, and ultimately it would strike much nearer 
 the mark than if it had received no spinning motion. 
 
 the air. 
 
 louUet. 
 
 tfoninth ^^' -^^^*'®'' describing the bad effect that any uneven- 
 
 form of ness on the surface of the bullet would produce, point 
 out to the men, that nothing is more likely to cause this 
 than hard ramming in loading, vrhich, besides indenting 
 the bullet, injures the powder, and should consequently 
 be avoided as much as possible. 
 
 Necessity of 34. In the foregoing part of the theoretical iustruc- 
 rme amiam- ^ion, the soldier will have formed some idea of the laws 
 muuition in which regulate the flinrht of the bullet in the air, and he 
 will also have been rendered thoroughly conversant with 
 the arrangement of the sights and of the barrel, and 
 complete master of all the rules which have been laid 
 down for his guidance at the moment of firing. The 
 instructor must now impress upon his mind that the 
 accuracy of shooting is not dependent on these causes 
 
alone, but also on the attention that he jiays to the 
 preservation of liis rifle and ammunition, as inculcated in 
 his instruction in cleanins; arms. 
 
 35. The commanding officer is to assemLle the officers of 
 the hattalion at least once in each half year, and to cause 
 the non-commissioned officers and men to be assembled 
 occasionally by squads or companies, at other times than 
 when the annual course is proceeding, when the officer 
 instructor, having previously explained the theoretical 
 principles detailed in the foregoing lessons, will be at 
 liberty to advance deeper into the subject, developing, to 
 a degree propcirtionate to the rank and intelligence of 
 his auditors, the whole history of' small arms, from the 
 first invcntioJi of gunpowder, and the successive steps 
 by which the rifle-musket has attained its present 
 efficiency ; in order that the officers and soldiers, by 
 acquiring a thorough knowledge of the subject theo- 
 retically, may take greater interest in the practical 
 part of this most important branch of their duty. 
 
 36. In the event of there being no room set apart as a 
 "Musketry lecture room," school rooms, not used for 
 the purpose of Divine service, may be appropriated for 
 the purpose of theoretical instruction in rifle practice for 
 two hours a day ; provided the time required for the 
 instruction of children and adults, the primary object of 
 such buildings, — viz., from four to six hours daily — is not 
 encroached upon ; a clear quarter of an hour being 
 allowed to intervene between the periods of the occupa- 
 tion of the room for school and rifle instruction. The 
 precise time of the day at which the school room should 
 be allotted respectively for scholastic and musketry pur- 
 poses, is to be fixed by the commanding officers of 
 battalions ; who, together with the general officers of 
 divisions and stations, are strictly responsible that the 
 requirements of the troops under each head of service 
 are in all cases duly provided for. 
 
 B 5 
 
34 
 
 3. AIMING DRILL. 
 
 1. In this exercise tlie recruit is to be instructed how 
 to aim, and to adjust the back-sight of his rifle ; and his 
 progress is to Ije tested by making him aim at the 
 diflerent distances by means of a rest. If traversing 
 rests are not available, a tripod formed of three stakes 
 tied or looped near the top, or piled arms v\rith bayonets 
 fixed (sheathed), supporting a bag of sand about 4^ feet 
 from the ground, -will answer the purpose. 
 
 2. The squads, which should never exceed ten men 
 each, are to be formed in single rank at each rest, every 
 man having his own rifle ; and the insti-uctor is first to 
 explain the principles of aligning the sights of the riflo 
 on an object, confining the attention of the recruit to the 
 following simple rules : — 
 
 1st. That the sia'hts should not incline to the right or 
 left. 
 
 2d. That the line of sight should be taken along the 
 centre of the notch of the back-sight and the top 
 of the fore-sight, which should cover the middle 
 of the mark aimed at. 
 
 3d. That the cj-e should be fixed steadfastly on the 
 mark aimed at, and not on the barrel or foresight, 
 "which latter will be easily brought into the align- 
 ment if the ej'e is fixed as directed. Particular 
 attention is to be paid to this rule, for beginners 
 are apt to fix the eye on the fore-sight instead of 
 the mark, in which case the latter can never be 
 distinctly seen, and the difficulty of aiming is 
 greatly increased. 
 
 4th. That in aiming the left eye should be closed. If 
 a recruit is not able to do this at the outset, he 
 will soon succeed by tying a handkerchief over 
 the left eye. 
 
 3. The instructor will also explain the diflference 
 betv^een fine, full, and half-sight in aiming, as follows, 
 viz. : — 
 
 1st. Fine-sight is 'when the line of sight is taken along 
 ^^A^™»tlie bottom of the notch of the back- 
 ^^3' ^ ^otI^3^^^ sight, the fine point of the fore-sight 
 n being only seen in the alignment j as 
 A, Jig. 1. 
 
35 
 
 2d. Full-sight is when the point of the fore-sight is 
 B taken in alignment with the shoulder 
 
 SkAiS of the notch of the back-sight : as B 
 ^fig.2. 
 
 3d. Half-sight is when the point of the fore-sight is 
 
 C aligned midway between the shoulder 
 
 TTin q 1^ /N J^ ^"^^ bottom of back-sight ; as C, 
 
 4. As the two methods of aiming first named cause a 
 slight diflevence in the angle of elevation, it is necessary 
 the recruit should understand that the ordinary rules 
 for aiming are intended to apply to the half-sight, and 
 that as some of the lifles may carry high and others low, 
 allowance must be made for such defects, by aiming 
 with fine-sight Avhen the rifle carries high, and with 
 full-sight when it carries low. 
 
 5. After the foregoing rules have been clearly 
 explained, the instructor is to cause each man to align 
 his rifle with the sight for 100 yards, on a mark that 
 distance from him ; having done so, he will leave his 
 rifle on the rest and step aside, in order that the 
 instructor may take his place to see if the aim is 
 correctly laid ; and should he discover any error, he is 
 to call another recruit, who is to look along the sights, 
 and to state the -defects ; on which the instructor will 
 offer some remark as to what the consequence would be 
 if actually firing at an object, and cause the recruit to 
 aim again. This method has the effect of sharpening 
 the attention of the recruit, and of inducing him to 
 avoid, when aiming himself, the errors he may have 
 witnessed in his comrade's aim. 
 
 6. The foregoing proceeding is to be carried out, at 
 every distance of 50 yards, from 100 to 900 yards, 
 (according to the sighting of the rifle) at " bulls- 
 eyes " of the following dimensions, viz. ; from 100 
 to 300 yards, eight inches in diameter ; from 350 
 to 900 yards, two feet in diameter ; in order that 
 the recruit may acquire a knowledge of his sights, 
 
36 
 
 and become perfect in aiming ; for it must be borne 
 in mind that the difficulty of aligning the fore-sight 
 accurately increases as the distance increases. The 
 instructor is thus enabled to ascertain the progress 
 the recruit is making, and if he has any defect in his 
 eyesight. 
 
 7. This exercise is well calculated to strengthen the 
 vision ; and it cannot be too strongly impressed on the 
 mind of the soldier tliat, to shoot well at long ranges, 
 he must train, and strengthen his eye by looking at 
 small objects at distances beyond those at which he will 
 have to fire in practice. 
 
4. POSITION DRILL. 
 
 1. In this exercise the recruit, as well as the drilled 
 soldier, is to be put through all the motions of firing 
 standing and kneeling, with the same accuracy as if 
 actually firing ball, close attention being paid to each 
 movement. 
 
 2. With the view of habituating him to the correct 
 position, and to the natural connexion that should exist 
 between the hand and the eye, — the eye being the 
 regulator of every action of the hand, — constant practice 
 is required to enable them so to act together that the 
 hand will readily raise the rifle to any object the eye is 
 fixed upon, and that the forefinger may act upon the 
 trigger at the proper moment. 
 
 3. The "position drill" differs from the platoon 
 exercise; the latter comjDrehendiug the positions of 
 loading and firing in the ranks, in which the soldier is 
 to be instructed by the adjutant and serjeant-major ; 
 the former, the essentials of good independent firing, 
 to which the instructor of musketry is exclusively to 
 confine his attention. 
 
 4. This exercise is always to be executed in march- 
 ing order, and with fixed bayonets,* when standing, and 
 unfixed bayonets when kneeling. The squads, which 
 are not to consist of more than ten men to each in- 
 structor, are to be formed in single rank, the men at 
 one pace apart, and j)laced at any convenient distance 
 from the target or mark. 
 
 5. Before commencing this important drill, of which 
 there cannot be too much if well executed, the instructor 
 is to point out to each man an object to aim at; for this 
 purpose small " bulls-eyes " are to be marked on the 
 barrack walls, the painting of which is to be done by 
 the troops, who will be furnished, on requisition to the 
 
 * In corps armed -with short rifles, it is only the recruits -who go 
 through the position drill -with fixed swords. 
 
38 
 
 barrack-master, with the necessary tools and prepared 
 black and white paint. The bulls- eyes are to be white,^ 
 of the size of a crown piece, and having a black centre of 
 the size of a shilling. They are to be placed two feet 
 and four feet from the ground, one above the other, and 
 at lateral distances of three feet. 
 
 Worcls of Coramana. 
 
 Position Drill, First 
 Practice, a ! a front 
 or rear rank stand' 
 ing or hnedimj, as 
 may be ordered ■ 
 
 At yards, 
 
 Beady. 
 
 Explanations. 
 
 FiKST Peactice. 
 
 A caution. 
 
 As per regulation from shouldered 
 arms. 
 
 The instructor is to be most 
 particular in this and the follow- 
 ing practices, to see that every man 
 holds his rifle firmly with the left 
 hand, at the place where it is to be 
 held when at the " present," but in 
 every case behind the lower band, 
 and not nearer the nipple than the 
 projection in front of the lock-plate; 
 that the fingers of the right hand 
 are behind the trigger guard ; that 
 the body is erect, the left side being 
 perpendicular, with the left breast 
 over the left foot ; that the shoulders 
 are at the half face, and the feet at 
 right angles ; and that the eyes are 
 fixed on the mark, or object in 
 front, with the head in the same 
 direction, and erect. When kneeling, 
 the right foot and knee are to be in 
 the proper position, and the body is 
 to rest firmly on the right heel. 
 
39 
 
 Present. Without moving the body, head, 
 
 eye, or hand in the slightest degree, 
 throw the rifle smartly to the front of 
 the right shoulder to the full extent of 
 the left arm (the arms moving close 
 in to the body), raising the rifle in so 
 doing, Avith the muzzle a little low 
 and keeping the sight upright ; the 
 top part of the heel plate to be in a 
 line with the top part of the shoulder, 
 the muzzle to be a few inches below 
 the mark the eyes are fixed upon, the 
 forefinger to be extended along the 
 outside of the trigger guard, and both 
 elbows to be inclined downwarde. 
 
 Two. Bring the rifle smartly into the 
 
 hoUov.' of right shoulder, pressing it 
 thereto with the left hand, and at the 
 same instant bring the left elbow well 
 under the rifle and the right elbow 
 nearly square with the right shoulder 
 and to the front of it, so as to form a 
 bed for the butt, but without moving 
 the body, head, hand, or eye, still 
 keeping the forefinger outside the 
 trigger guard. When kneeling, place 
 the left elbow over the left knee. 
 
 Three. Bring the I'ifle down smartly to the 
 
 capping position close in to the body, 
 without altering the position of the 
 body, head, hand, or eye, placing the 
 forefinger at the same time behind 
 the trigger guard. 
 
 Ease springs. 
 Order arms. 
 Stand at ease. 
 
 As per regulation. 
 
 When the men of the squad are established in the 
 positions enjoined by the foregoing instructions, they are 
 to be exercised in the first practice, judging their own 
 
40 
 
 lime, after coming to the " ready ;" the commands 
 being, — 
 
 First 2^ractice, 
 
 judging your own 
 
 time. 
 
 Present. 
 
 Steady. 
 
 Ease springs. 
 
 Order arms. 
 
 Stand at ease. 
 
 A caution. 
 
 Proceed with the motions consecu- 
 tively, observing a pause of slow time 
 between each. 
 
 At this command the squad, when 
 it returns to the capping position, will 
 cease the practice. 
 
 As per regulation. 
 
 N.B. — The foregoing practice is intended to accustom 
 the recruit to handle his rifle expertly, and by strengthen- 
 ing the left arm, to give him a perfect command of it 
 with his left hand; also to habituate him to raise it to 
 the shoulder horizontally without moving his body. It 
 is therefore to be continued until these points are accom- 
 plished. No defect, however trivial, is to be overlooked, 
 and the instructor should explain the errors and their 
 bad effects, when the squad is standing at case. 
 
 Position Drill, Se-'' 
 cond Practice, as a 
 front or rear rank 
 
 standing or kneeling, 
 as may he ordered. 
 
 At yards, 
 
 Beady. 
 
 Present. 
 
 Second Practice. 
 
 A caution. 
 
 As per regulation from shouldered 
 arms. 
 
 The instructor is to direct his atten- 
 tion to the points alluded to under this 
 head in the first practice. 
 
 Combine 1st and 2d motions of the 
 first practice (and as per platoon ex- 
 ercise), and look at the object through 
 the bottom of the notch of the back- 
 sight. 
 
41 
 
 Two. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Five. 
 
 Ease springs. 
 Order arms. 
 Stand at ease. 
 
 Place the forefmg&i' round the 
 trigger like a hook, that part of it 
 between the 1st and 2d joints resting 
 flat on the trigger, and restrain the 
 breathing. 
 
 Eaise the muzzle until the top of the 
 fore-sight is brought in a line with 
 the object thi'ough the bottom of the 
 notch of the back-sight. 
 
 Press the trigger, without the least 
 jerk or motion of the hand, eye, or 
 arm, until the hammer falls upon the 
 snap-cap, which is alwaj^s to be on 
 the nipple, still lieeping the eye stead- 
 fastly fixed iipon the object. 
 
 Bring the rifle to the capping posi- 
 tion and "full cock;" repeating the 
 practice several times. 
 
 As per regulation. 
 
 PositionDrill, Third "] 
 
 Fractiee,asafront I 
 
 or rear rank stand- | 
 
 iyig - - J 
 
 Load. 
 
 At 
 
 yards.' 
 Beady, or as a 
 front or rear rank 
 kneeling, at 
 yards. Heady. 
 
 ThiED PnACTICE. 
 
 A caution. 
 
 Proceed with the loading (standing 
 in all cases) in quick time, as per re- 
 gulation, from shouldered, advanced, 
 or ordered arms. After returning the 
 rami'od, count a jiause of the slow 
 time, and, taking the time from the 
 right, come to the capping position 
 together, and proceed at once to cap. 
 The instructor to see that every man 
 is in a j)roper position before he pro- 
 ceeds any further. 
 
 After getting into position, adjust 
 the sight, full cock the rifle, and fix 
 the eye on an object in front, as per 
 regulation. When kneeling, the in- 
 structor is to see that the position of 
 each man is correct. 
 
42 
 
 Independent 
 
 practice from both 
 
 flanks. 
 
 Commence. 
 
 Ceufe firing. 
 
 A caution. 
 
 Each man will come to the "pre- 
 sent " in the order of file firing for the 
 first time, and perform the motions 
 regularly (without hurry) in his own 
 time; afterwards, independently of his 
 right or left hand man ; — immediately 
 the Lntt touches the shoulder the fore- 
 finger is to be placed round the 
 trigger, and, after snapping in each 
 instance, come to the position of " pre- 
 pare to load" from the capping posi- 
 tion, and proceed to load standing. 
 
 After each naan has completed his 
 loading, he will " order arms." 
 
 The squad having heen well grounded in the fore- 
 going practices standing, will afterwards be similarly 
 exercised on the knee. 
 
 N.B. — The most luiuute attention is to be given to 
 each man's position when at " the present," more espe- 
 cially to see that the sights are upright, — that the rifle 
 
 is pressed firmly to the shoulder with the left hand, 
 
 and that the trigger is pressed steadily without the 
 slightest motion of the hand or arm until the hammer 
 falls upon the nipple; as also that the eye is fixed ujaon 
 the mark during and after snapping. The instructor is 
 to scrutinize each man of his squad in succession, all the 
 time it is practising, pointing out and correctino- the 
 errors he may discover in any man's position; and he 
 is also occasionally to place himself in front of each man 
 and cause liim to aim at his eye, with a view to ascer- 
 tain that he obtains the alignment quickly and readily 
 and that his aim is not lost by pulling the trio-o-er. 
 Whenever the instructor discovers a fault in a man's 
 position when the rifle is at the shoulder, he is to cause 
 him to come to the " present " three or four times in 
 succession, without loading, to correct the defect noticed. 
 
43 
 
 5. SNAPPING CAPS. 
 
 1. This exercise is to accustom tlie recruit to the 
 report caused by the explosion of the percussion cap, 
 and to give him steadiness. Tlie instructor is to -watcli 
 the recruit minutely in this practice, which must be 
 continued until the tendency to wink is overcome, and 
 he becomes so perfectly indifferent to the report, that 
 the composure of the countenance is not in the slightest 
 degrree disturbed. 
 
 5 caps to be fired singly, 1 
 
 2 by files, and ^ 
 
 3 in volleys. J 
 
 Ssingly andjj^^^g^jj _ 
 5 m volleys. J ° 
 
 2. Should the instructor meet with difficulty in teach- 
 ing any of the recruits to aim correctly, or should 
 he find any of them snapping in a naanner to destroy 
 their aim, he is to cause them to snap caps, aiming at 
 the wick of a lighted candle, placed about a yard from 
 the muzzle of the rifle ; when, if the aim is perfectly 
 directed, the candle v.dll be blown out. 
 
 6. BLANK FIEING. 
 
 1. Before the recruit is permitted to fire with ball, he 
 is, after the preceding exercise, to be practised to fire 
 blank cartridge, with a view to further the object for 
 which he is exercised to snap caps, and to accustom 
 him to the recoil which takes place on the explosion of 
 the powder. 
 
 5 rounds to be fired singly'^ 
 
 2 „ by files, and > Standing. 
 
 3 ,, in volleys. J 
 
 5 „ singly, and j Tvneeling. 
 
 5 „ in volleys. J 
 
 2. The position of the body, arms, and hands, and 
 the manner of pressing the trigger, as also the position 
 
44 
 
 of the head when taking aim, are to La duly watched 
 both in tliis and the former exercise, in order to discovei' 
 and correct tliose errors which are fatal to good shooting, 
 and which cannot be so successfully corrected when 
 firing ball. 
 
 3. The instructor is here to explain to the recruit that 
 the explosion of the powder, at the same time that it 
 sends the bullet out of the barrel, communicates a force 
 backwards, which is called '•' recoil," and that by pressing 
 the butt firmly into the hollow of the shoulder, he may 
 control the consequent " kick " of the rifle, which will 
 otherwise take place. This is of great importance, as 
 the more confidently a man stands up to his rifle, the less 
 likelihood there is of random shooting, and the better 
 will be the results of platoon firing. 
 
 4. With a view to make the recruit understand the 
 reason for his being taught " to press the centre of the 
 heel plate to the hollow of the shoulder," and not the 
 " toe " of the butt, when at the " present," the instructor 
 is to remind him, that the bullet quits the barrel in the 
 direction of the " line of fire " (as already explained), 
 and, that the recoil takes place in the opposite direction; 
 and explain that the stock is bent downwards, in order 
 to enable the firer to look along the barrel, and conse- 
 quently, that the point of resistance, viz., the shoulder 
 of the firer, is beneath the line of recoil ; the result of 
 which is, that the explosion of the charge has a tendency 
 to throw the muzzle up, and thereby send the bullet 
 high. The soldier has only to take his rifle, and imagine 
 the " line of fire " or " axis of the piece " jDroduced 
 backwards, when he will observe that it will pass far 
 above the heel of the butt. 
 
45 
 
 7. JUDGING DISTANCE DEILL. 
 
 1. In this drill the recruit is to be instructed to take 
 note of the size and appearance of men and objects at 
 ditferent distances. 
 
 2. In firing for instruction, the target is generally 
 placed at known and measured distances, but before an 
 enemy the distance is unknown ; it is therefore neces- 
 sary, in order to apply the rules laid doAvn for shooting, 
 that he should know how to judge quickly, and with 
 tolerable accurac}', the distance which separates him 
 from the object he is firing at, so as to resulate the 
 elevation of the rifle. 
 
 3. In order to teach the recruit, as well as the drilled 
 soldier, to estimate distances by the eye, he is to be 
 instructed in the following manner before he is allowed 
 to engage in the judging distance practices. 
 
 4. Men are to be placed as " points for observation " 
 at the distances of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 yards, 
 facing the squad or party, standing at ease, looking to 
 their- front, and remaining in an erect position, unless 
 ordered to the contrary. 
 
 5. These " fixed points " are to be thrown out in the 
 following manner. The instructor is first to select a tree, 
 house, or any other conspicuous object in the distance 
 and align two men thereon, twenty yards apart and facing 
 each other, and place ten paces to the riglit or left (as 
 he may think proper) of the nearest man and in the same 
 line, another man as a point for covering ; after which he 
 is to march a squad of six men, formed two deep, on 
 the alignment chosen, and halt it at 50 yards distance 
 when No. 3 of the rear rank will face about and cover 
 the two men already aligned ; the man 20 3'ards off will 
 now be removed. The squad is then to make a half 
 face to the right or left, and march in an oblique direction 
 for a distance of 50|- yards or 61 paces, when it is again 
 to halt and No. 3. of the front rank face aljout three 
 quarters either to the riglit or left, and cover diagonally, 
 moving to the right or left by the side step, as may 
 be required, preserving his shoulders square to his jDre- 
 sent front. The squad is to continue so to march in an 
 oblique direction, leaving a man at every distance of 
 61 paces or 50|- yards, who is to act as before detailed, 
 
46 
 
 until every man is placed. When tlie " points of obser- 
 vation " are aligned diagonally, the covering point is uo 
 longer required. Vide plate 4. 
 
 6. It vsrill be observed that each man in the above 
 formation is placed at a greater distance from the line 
 first marched upon, in proportion as he is distant from 
 the point where the squad commences its instruction, in 
 order that each soldier may serve, in turn, as a distance 
 point for the men of the squad to make observations 
 on. 
 
 7. An ofKcer or non-commissioned officer, as assistant 
 or squad instructor, (if there is a sufficient number,) is to 
 be placed opposite the several " points for observation," 
 and the squad or party formed to the left of the squad 
 instructor placed opposite the point 50 yar-ds off. 
 
 8. The instructor should direct the men to notice the 
 position of the sun, the state of the atmosjjhere, and the 
 background at the time they are making their observa- 
 tions, in order that they may be accustomed to the 
 changes made in the appearance of the several objects 
 under their altered condition. 
 
 9. The squad instructor opposite the 50 yards point 
 is then to proceed to indicate to each man in succession 
 the difierent parts of the figure, arms, accoutrements, 
 and dress, which can still be distinctly perceived on the 
 soldier before him, as also those parts that cau no longer 
 be perceived clearly at 50 yards ; after which lie will 
 question him on the observations made on what he can 
 see, and enjoin him to try and impress upon his mind 
 the appearance of a man at this distance, and pass him 
 on to the next station. 
 
 10. The squad instructor opposite the 100 yards 
 point, is to proceed in the same manner, and cause each 
 man to make observations of the same kind as he did on 
 the man at 50 yards, and desire him to make comparisons 
 between the two men placed at this and the former dis- 
 tance, and then pass him on to the next squad instructor 
 and so continue until every man has made his observations 
 on all the points. 
 
 11. The squad instructor opposite the point 300 yards 
 off should endeavour, above all, to point out to each man 
 according to the observations he may make, the differ- 
 ences that exist between the men placed at the six 
 
47 
 
 distances comprised in tlio sub-divisions of 300 yards, 
 as also what parts of the figure, dress, and eqiiipmeuts 
 are distinctly perceptible, those that are seen less clearly, 
 and those that are no longer visible, at each distance. 
 
 12. The instructor must not expect that the answers 
 and observations should be the same from every man, 
 since the eyesight is not the same in all. 
 
 13. The men who are placed as "points" arc to be 
 relieved by others who have made their observations at 
 tlie several distances, for which purpose the squad is to 
 consist of at least double the number of men eniislcyed 
 as " points." 
 
 14. Should the party be very large, points may be 
 thrown out right and left ; and in order to afford a 
 view of the men at the se-^'eral distances in two asjjects, 
 points may be thrown out in the opposite directions. 
 Vide jjlaie 4. 
 
 15. ¥/'hen all the men of t]ie squad, or party, have 
 made their observations on the dificrent points, they 
 will proceed to estimate the distances of men within 
 the limits of 300 yards in the following manner : — 
 After having marched the squad on to a difiereut 
 ground from that on which the appi-eciation of distances 
 has before taken place, the instructor is to place a man 
 at any unknown distance, unobserved if possible, by the 
 squad, formed opposite faid man, vrho is to stand at 
 easo. He is then to order the men to observe the 
 soldier facing them, and to estimate the distance, caution- 
 ing them at tlio same time to recollect the appearance of 
 the men just seen at known distances. 
 
 16. The squad instructors having formed three paces 
 to the front of the right of their squads, are to call each 
 man separately to the front and question him, noting 
 down in a register his answer, which must be given in 
 a low tone of voice, in order that those following him 
 may not be influenced by his opinion. No talking is to 
 be allowed while the answers are being given. Every 
 man will adjust the sight of his rifle for the distance he 
 judged. 
 
 17. When all the men have given their answers, whicli 
 are to be read over to them by the squad instructor, in 
 order to ascertain if they are correctly recorded, the 
 squad will proceed to pace the distance, by marching 
 
48 
 
 towards the man judged from ; the insti'uctor placing 
 himself in the centre, and counting the number of paces 
 aloud, the men only counting them to themselves. 
 
 18. The men should be taught to record the distance 
 as follows : — At every 120 paces they will double up 
 one finger of the right hand, to mark 100 yards ; com- 
 mencing again 1, 2, 3, and so on. When at the end of 
 any division of 100 yards the remaining distance appears 
 to be within 100 yards, they will commence to count by 
 tens of yards, by doubling up a finger at every 12 paces. 
 The correct distance, which is to be promulgated will, 
 in every instance, however, be ascerttdned by actual 
 measurement with a cord, chain, or pace-stick, by men 
 following immediately in rear of the squad. 
 
 19. The recruits, after they have been drilled four 
 different days to 300 yards, in the manner before 
 detailed, are to be exercised for four days more up to 
 600 yards, first at known distances, in every respect as 
 laid down for exercising to 300 yards, the " points for 
 observation " being two or more men, placed at every 50 
 yards from 350 to 600 yards inclusive, after first 
 measuring 300 yards on the alignment chosen. 
 
 20. When estimating unknown distances beyond 300 
 yards, the party, with a view to save time and walking, 
 is to be separated into two equal portions, moved in 
 difierent directions, and when halted, facing each other, 
 with a file thrown out on the flanks a few paces off. 
 After every man has judged the distance which separates 
 the parties, and the answers have been recorded, they 
 are to advance towards each other, counting the paces 
 as before ; each party measuring half the distance, and 
 the two added together will give the correct distance. 
 
 21. The instructor, in repeating these exercises, is to 
 take care that they are conducted, as much as possible, 
 in different directions, and under different states of the 
 atmosphere, in order that the soldier may become 
 habituated to the diversity of circumstances in which 
 he may have to act. 
 
 22. It is to be observed that every judging distance 
 drill is to consist of making observations on men placed 
 at known distances, and of giving three answers on men 
 placed at unknown distances in different situations im- 
 mediately afterwards. 
 
49 
 
 8. MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES. 
 
 1. Every recruit is to be instructed in tlie method of 
 manufacturiug cartridges for his rifle in tlie following 
 manner : — 
 
 2. Having cut the paper according to the size and 
 patterns shown in plate 5, for cartridges for the rifle- 
 musket or carbine, — 
 
 1. Form the poivder case. Roll the stiff paper, 
 
 pattern No. 1, tightly about 21 times round 
 the " mandrel," which is to be laid on the side 
 opposite the acute angle, or AB, with its base 
 coincident with the broader side, or AD ; then 
 place the "inner envelope" paper, pattern No. 2, 
 on the top of the stiff paper, with the side 
 opposite the acute angle, or AB, of the former 
 .iljout ^ of an inch from the acute angle, or 
 CD of the latter, and roll said envelope tightly 
 on the stiff paper and mandrel ; after which 
 slightly twist the end that overlaps about i of 
 an inch, or AC, and fold it into the hollow at 
 the base of the mandrel, making use of the 
 point of the " former," to close the folds and 
 adapt the paper to the cavitj^, which is to 
 receive the point of the bullet, being careful 
 to secure the bottom of powder-case, so that no 
 powder can escape therefrom. 
 
 2. U7iite the bullet ivith the powder-case. Put the 
 
 point of the bullet well into the cavity of the 
 powder-case, and place both so fixed on the 
 side of " outer envelope " paper, pattern No. 3, 
 opposite the acute angle, or AB, and about i 
 an inch from the broader side, or AC ; 
 roll the '■' outer envelope " tightly round bullet 
 and powder-case, with the mandrel still in it, 
 then twist or fold the paper that overlaps, and 
 tie it as close as possible to the base of the 
 bullet; after which place the base of the cart- 
 ridge on the table, and withdraw the mandrel 
 with care, by pressing the powder-case with 
 one hand while raising the mandrel with the 
 
 c 
 
50 
 
 other, so as not to separate the powder-case 
 from the bullet, both of which must be kept as 
 close as possible to prevent any play at the 
 juncture, which would soon render the cartridge 
 unserviceable. 
 
 3. Charge the powder-case. — ^Place a funnel into 
 
 the mouth of the powder-case and pour 2\ 
 drams of powder (represented by sand) or a 
 less quantity, according to the arm used, into 
 it; remove the funnel, being careful that none 
 of the powder or sand escapes between the 
 inner and outer envelopes ; and secure the 
 charge by squeezing the tops of the two 
 envelopes close to the stiff paper of powder- 
 case, and giving them a slight twist with a 
 pressure inwards, laying the ends on the side 
 of the cartridge. 
 
 The slits in the outer envelope are made to 
 facilitate its detachment from the bullet when 
 &ed. 
 
 4. Lubricate the cartridge. — The cartridge being 
 
 completed, dip the base up to the shoulder of 
 the bullet, in a mixture composed of 5 parts 
 of bees-wax and 1 part of tallow, 
 
 3. The articles necessary for the instruction of soldiers 
 ill the manufacture of cartridges, as per Schedule, pao-e 
 97, will be supplied to battalions on application to the 
 barrack-master. 
 
 4. Twelve ruen per company, at least, are to be 
 practised annually in making cartridges. 
 
51 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 Practice. 
 
 Target Practice. 
 
 1. Target practice affords proof of the attention be- 
 stowed on the preliminary drills ; the more carefully the 
 latter have been performed, the better will be the result 
 of the ball firing. 
 
 2. The targets are to be six feet in height and two in 
 breadth, constructed of iron of sufficient thickness to be 
 rifle-buUet proof, having squares of six inches cut on 
 the face to facilitate the marking off of the hits in the 
 diagrams provided for the purpose, as also cu'cular rings 
 of eight inches and two feet in the centre, to serve as 
 guides in painting the " bull's-eye " and " centre." Vide 
 plate 6. 
 
 3. The targets are to be coloured white with a 
 mixture of whiting, water, and size; and the "bull's- 
 eye," and circle describing the " centre," black with 
 lamp-black, water, and size. Pots of these mixtures 
 should be kept in rear of the targets. 
 
 4. The targets are to be rested on a stone or wooden 
 platform, twenty feet by nine inches, which is to be laid 
 at right angles to the line of pegs denoting the several 
 distances, and when in use they are to be as perpen- 
 dicular as possible. 
 
 5. The greatest care is to be taken when lowering or 
 raising the targets, to prevent their being damaged; 
 they are on no account to be allowed to fall by removing 
 the props, but are, in every instance, to be carefully let 
 down on the ground, 
 
 6. When the targets are laid ou the ground they should 
 be placed at an incline to prevent the rain lodging on tliem ; 
 and, with a view to preserve them from the effects of 
 exposure, they should be painted periodically. 
 
 c 2 
 
7. When a target becomes unserviceable, a board of 
 ofRcers, of wliicli the barrack-master is to be a membei', 
 is to be assembled to inquire into the cause of damage ; 
 and -should it appear that the target has been broken 
 through carelessness and rough usage, more especially 
 when lowering it, the cost will be charged against the 
 troops. The proceedings of the board are to be sent to 
 the barrack -master. 
 
 8. In all cases, where the nature of the ground admits 
 of it, a trench is to be dug for the " markers," of the 
 dimensions given in plate 7, about fifteen yards to the 
 front, and to one side of the targets, and in such a 
 position that the markers may easily see the face of the 
 target from it; the earth excavated should be thrown up 
 on the side of the firing ; there should also be two 
 epaulmsnts, so as to screen the men, not only from the 
 shots themselves, but from any stones that may be 
 thrown up by them. The only fitment required for the 
 marker's butt is a seat. About eighty yards in rear of 
 the mai-ker's butt, a smaller butt, capable of holding two 
 men, is to be made on every practice range, for the 
 purpose of signalling ricochets that may hit the target. 
 Should the ground be such as to render it impossible, 
 except at a considerable expense, to erect marker's and 
 ricochet butts, iron niantlets or screens will be supplied 
 on application to the barrack-master. 
 
 9. All work in the formation of practice ranges, &c., 
 such as the throwing up of butts for the targets to rest 
 against, and levelling irregularities in the ground, is to 
 be executed by fatigue labour of the troops, whenever 
 the soil is such that it can be turned and moved with 
 the ordinary entrenching tools furnished by the engineer 
 department. 
 
 10. The butts, ranges, &c. are also to be maintained 
 and kept in repair by fatigue parties; and regiments and 
 battalions on quitting a station are to leave the same 
 in a complete condition ; — all damages arising from 
 carelessness and neglect are chargeable against the 
 troops. 
 
 11. Every range is to be carefully and accurately 
 measured by an officer of the engineer department, and 
 the distances defined, at intervals of fiftj- yards, com- 
 
53 
 
 mencing at 100 yards from tlie target and continuiug 
 to 900 yards, or the extremity of the range, if under tliat 
 distance. 
 
 12. A fatigue partj"^ of at least six men (one of wliom 
 is to be a pioneer) in charge of a non-commissioned 
 officer, is to be detailed daily for duties on tlie practice- 
 ground, and placed under tlie orders of tlie instructor of 
 musketry for the purpose of fixing and cleaning the 
 targets, assisting to signal shots, and as look-out men to 
 warn persons from crossing the range while firing is 
 going on, &c. &c. as may be required. Watch cloaks or 
 coats will be provided at all stations for the use of the 
 fatigue men employed for tlie assistance of instructors 
 during the tvinter. 
 
 13. The shots that strike the target are to bo denoted 
 by flags of different colours raised abo'^'e the butt. 
 These flags, together witli the number of points fixed as 
 the value of the shots, are as follows : — 
 
 Shots. Hags. A'aliie in points. 
 
 "Outer - White or yellow - 1 
 
 Centre - Dark blue - - 2 
 
 BuU's-eye - Red and white - 3 
 
 Eicochet - Eed flag waved in "I jj 
 
 front of the butt J 
 
 Miss - - - - 
 
 » o Outer - White or yellow 1 
 
 ■fl § ,, Centre - Dark blue - 2 
 
 g.1 -g ■2 <f Ricochet - Eed flag waved in"! ^ 
 
 « --i ?. ^ I front of the butt 
 
 Miss - - - - 
 
 >— ( 1 
 
 14. Eicochets, or shots which strike the ground before 
 hitting the target, are to be signalled by waving the red 
 flag twice, to and fro, in front of the target, and are to 
 be counted as misses in individual firing, but noted in 
 the register by the letter R. The men in the ricochet 
 butt are to keep a sharp look out, and to call out to the 
 non-commissioned officer in the marker's butt "ricochet" 
 when sucli is the case. 
 
 15. The signal for "danger," or "cease firing," is in 
 all cases to be a red flag. Tliis will be hoisted when- 
 
54 
 
 ever it is necessarj to cease firing to re-colour the 
 targets, or for any other purpose. No man is on any 
 account to leave the marker's butt until the " cease fire " 
 has been sounded, or the danger flag raised at the firing 
 point in answer to the danger signal. The red flag is 
 always to be kept up as long as the markers are out 
 of the butt, or any person is in the line of range. 
 Whenever the "cease fire" is sounded from the firing 
 point, it is to be immediately answered from the 
 marker's butt by raising the danger flag; and in like 
 manner the " commence flring " is to be answered by 
 lowering it. 
 
 16. Whenever a shot strikes to the right, the flag 
 denoting its value is to be inclined to the right, and 
 vice versa. When the shot strikes high, the flag is to 
 he raised as high as possible, and when low, it is only 
 to be raised high enough to be easily visible above the 
 butt. 
 
 17. The bullet will be found to make a very distinct 
 mark on striking the face of the target, so that the 
 correct position of each shot is easily seen at a short 
 distance. Whenever a bullet strikes the target, so that 
 the circumference of the mark made by it cuts within 
 the outer edge of the bull's-eye or centre, such shot is 
 to be counted, in all practices, as hitting the bull's-eye 
 or centre, as the case may be. No shot is to be counted 
 in any practice where the mark of the bullet, part or 
 whole, is not seen on the face of the target. 
 
 18. The marker in the butt, as also one of the men 
 in the ricochet butt, is invariably to be a non-commis- 
 sioned officer of a different company from that engao-ed 
 in firing ; the former is to be responsible for the correct 
 signals being given to the several shots which strike the 
 target, and is also to keep a memorandum of each shot 
 fired, under the head of bull's-eyes, centres, outers, 
 ricochets, and misses. This will facilitate the marking 
 and ensure each man's shot receiving the correct signal. 
 
 19. The recruits, as also the drilled soldiers of the 
 company, are to be marched to the practice ground by 
 squads or sections of not more than twenty men each, 
 
55 
 
 and not in a greater number at a time than one section 
 or squad for each range available ; such detailed arrange- 
 ment being made as will ensure the relieving squads, or 
 sections, arriving on the practice ground by the time the 
 parties firing have finished their practice, and thus 
 prevent delay. When exercising by classes, if there is 
 a choice of time for practice, the senior class is always to 
 have the advantage. 
 
 20. The men's names are to be entered in a register 
 of the form marked C, before the party goes out to the 
 practice ground for individual firing, in the same order 
 as they appear in the "Musketry Drill and Practice 
 Return," and according to which they will stand in the 
 ranks for firing. One register will answer for each 
 section or squad, and suffice to record the performances 
 at two distances. 
 
 21. The company instructor, or non-commissioned 
 ofiScer acting in his stead, is to keep the register of 
 practice, and note therein opposite each man's name 
 the value or number of points he has obtained by 
 each shot fired, whether 1, 2, 3, R, or 0. 
 
 22. All entries are invariably to be made hi ink on 
 the practice ground ; should any alteration become 
 necessary, a fine line is to be drawn through the figure 
 or letter, and the correction made, the initials of the 
 officer of the company being immediately attached to it 
 (thus : 3. 1 : A.L.) to verify the circumstance. Inatten- 
 tion to this regulation, or an erasure (which is pro- 
 hibited), wiU invalidate the register. 
 
 23. The section or squad is always to load by word 
 of command. When everything is ready to commence, 
 the bugler, who is to be placed on the right of the firing 
 point, is to sound the "commence firing," and as soon as 
 the danger flag is lowered the officer is to order the 
 practice to go on. The right-hand man of the front 
 rank will then take a pace to his front, come to the 
 capping position, and fire ; after which he will come to 
 the shoulder from the capping position, and form three 
 paces to the rear of the point he previously occupied ; 
 the next man of the front rank will then move to the 
 
56 
 
 front and fire (not, however, until the preceding man's 
 shot, if a hit, has been signalled), when he will fall to 
 the rear, and form on the left of his right-hand man. 
 In like manner every man of the front rank will fire in 
 succession ; after which the rear rank will commence 
 from the right, and after firing they will form in rear of 
 the front rank ; so that by the time the whole section 
 has fired one round, it will have re-formed three paces in 
 rear of its original j)osition, to which it is to be moved, 
 by the non-commissioned officer of the section, to load, 
 
 24. The instructor is to be cautious not to check a 
 man for any error he may observe at the time he is 
 firing, as it would have the effect of distracting his 
 attention from the object he is aiming at ; but is to 
 watch attentively the position of each soldier, and 
 correct him, if necessary, after he has fired. 
 
 25. Whenever the hits on the target become too 
 numerous to distinguish quite easily the new ones as 
 they strike, the target is to be coloured afresh ; before 
 which, however, the captain, or ofiicer of the section, 
 company instructor, and " marker " are carefully to com- 
 pare the register with the target to see that they agree, 
 and the officer is to satisfy himself that the target is 
 properly cleaned, and the old shots all obliterated, before 
 the practice is resumed. 
 
 26. At the conclusion of the practice at each distance 
 the bugler is to sound the " cease fire " and " advance," 
 when the captain, or officer of the section, and the 
 company instructor are to proceed to the target, and 
 with the "marker," compare the register therewith, 
 adding or deducting from the " total points " any dif- 
 ference that may be discovered, and afterwards dividing 
 the result by the number of men who have fired, 
 carrying the quotient to t^^'o places of decimals to 
 determine the average or merit of the shooting of the 
 practice. 
 
 27. The register is then to be signed by the " marker " 
 and company instructor, or non-commissioned ofiicer who 
 kept the register in his stead, and countersigned by the 
 captain or oflJcer of the company ; after which the 
 
57 
 
 " duplicate total points," wlien initialed by the ofScer- 
 instructoi- or his assistant, to vei'ify its agreement with 
 the column df " total points," is to be torn ofFand handed 
 to the battalion sergeant instructor on the practice 
 ground. The officer-instructor is responsible that this 
 order is regularly attended to in all cases. 
 
 28. In the practice of recruits the registers are to be 
 signed by the battalion or squad instructor and "marker," 
 and countersigned by the officer-instructor, or his 
 assistant, one or other of whom is invariably to superin- 
 tend the firing. The " duplicate total points," in this 
 case, are not to be torn off. 
 
 29. If there are any men, whose names are in the 
 register, that have not practised, the cause of absence 
 is to be briefly stated in the columns " total points " and 
 " duplicate total points." 
 
 30. The company instructor, immediately on his return 
 to barracks after every practice, is to enter the total 
 points obtained by each man, per register, opposite his 
 name in the proper column of the company " Musketry 
 Drill and Practice Return." The total points obtained by 
 recruits to be entered in like manner by the battalion 
 sergeant instructor. 
 
 31. The section or squad is never to fire at more than 
 two distances in one day. 
 
 32. If a man fires one or more distances in a " period," 
 and is unable to finish it with his party or company, he 
 is to be considered as having finished such period, and 
 to be classified according to the number of points he may 
 have obtained, which are to be included in the total 
 points of the company, the man being also counted among 
 the number by which the total points are divided to 
 determine the merit of the shooting in the " period " in 
 question. 
 
 33. Should a man, after having fired one or more 
 rounds at a distance, be unable to finish the practice on 
 account of sudden illness, he is to be considered as not 
 having fired at the said distance. 
 
 C 5 
 
58 
 
 34. The officer-iustructor is to examine the " Mus- 
 ketry Drill and Practice Return," and compare the entries 
 therein with the " duplicate total points " at the con- 
 clusion of every " period," and to satisfy himself that 
 the classification is correct. 
 
 35. All persons who desire to watch the practice are 
 to stand to the right of the firing point. They are to be 
 kej)t clear of the section that is firing ; and on no 
 account is any noise, or talking with the men, to be 
 allowed. 
 
 36. Every recruit is to expend in his training, and 
 every drilled soldier in his annual course of practice, 
 (except in the cases herein-after specified), 90 rounds of 
 ball ammunition, in the following manner ; viz. — 
 
 60 in individual firing, 
 
 10 by iiles, 
 
 10 in volleys, and 
 
 10 in skirmishing order. 
 
 37. The number of rounds to be expended at each 
 distance, the distances and number of targets to be fired 
 at by the several classes in individual firing, and the 
 size of the bull's-eye and centre for each class, are as 
 follows : — 
 
 Yards. Hounds. 
 
 'having a buU's-ey-e 
 
 eight inches in dia- 
 
 3d class ■^ "^^ ^ ^ ^ Sj<^ meter, and a black 
 
 circle two feet in 
 diameter. 
 
 {500 - 5 I '^ f J li'iviug ablack centre 
 600 - s I -S I meter. 
 
 I 700 5 I ^1 ^'^ving ablack centre 
 
 1st class < gQQ _ ^K}itj^-> three feet in dia- 
 
 1^900 
 
 meter. 
 
 38. Target practice is invariably to take place in 
 marching order ; and all practices up to 300 yards 
 
are to be performed stiinding ; beyond tbat distauoe 
 kneelius;. ' 
 
 39. The practice of individual firing for recruits 
 comprises " preliminary ball practice " and " first" and 
 " second periods ;" and for the drilled soldier, as his 
 annual course, " first," " second," and " third periods," 
 in each of which twenty rounds are to be fired. 
 
 40. Young ofBcers and recruits are on no account 
 to be permitted to fire ball until they have been 
 exercised in all the subjects embraced under the head 
 of " preliminary drill ;" and the drilled soldiers of the 
 battalion are not to be allowed to fire their annual 
 allowance of practice ammunition vmtil they have been 
 first similarly exercised. 
 
 41. Should a young officer, recruit, or drilled soldier 
 become a casual when proceeding with the preliminary 
 drills, he is to be considered as not having been exercised 
 therein. 
 
 1. FiniNG SUvGLY. 
 
 42. In this practice the young officer and recruit are Preliminary 
 to fire five rounds at 100, 150, 200, and 250 yards at Jf^'^ I'™'^- 
 two targets, standing, with fixed bayonets; one round 
 
 at each distance to be fired ofF a stand or rest. 
 
 43. The result of each shot is to be recorded in a 
 register, and the total points obtained at each distance, 
 per recruit, are to be entered opposite his name in the 
 recruits' " Musketry Drill and Practice Eeturn," /brOT A. 
 
 44. In this branch of individual firing every man, First 
 recruit or otherivise, is to practice at every fifty yards P™°''' 
 from 150 to 300 yards inclusive. 
 
 45. When the party or company has performed this 
 " period," the points obtained individually at the several 
 distances are to be added together, and the sum entered 
 in the column " total points " of the period in the 
 " Musketry Drill and Practice Eeturn," to show the 
 
60 
 
 value of the performances of each man, from which 
 column a classification is to be made ; — all those men 
 who have obtained fifteen points and upwards passing 
 into the second class, and those who have not obtained 
 this number being formed into a third class. 
 
 46. The names of men who have passed into the 
 second class, and the number of points they have each 
 obtained, are to be read over by the captain, or officer 
 commanding, to the company on parade, before com- 
 mencing the " second period." 
 
 Sefond 47. In the second period of individual firing the party 
 
 Fonod. ^^ company is to practice in two classes, viz., second 
 and third. 
 
 48. In the practice of the second class the centre is 
 to be painted black, and the points allowed to reckon 
 for a bull's-eye are to be discontinued. 
 
 49. At the conclusion of the practices in this period, 
 the points obtained by each man at the several distances 
 are to be added together, and the sum entered in the 
 columns " total points," from which a second classifica- 
 tion is to be made, when all men of the second class 
 who have obtained twelve points and upwards are to 
 pass into the first class; and all men of the third class 
 who have obtained fifteen points and upwards into the 
 second class. Those men who have not obtained the 
 number of points specified will remain in the second and 
 third classes respectively. 
 
 50. In the case of troops armed with rifles or car- 
 bines sighted only to three hundred yards, the second 
 class, in this period, is to repeat the practice of the third 
 class, firing however at a single tai-get, six feet by two 
 feet, at every distance, and those men who obtain 
 fourteen points and upwards will pass into the first 
 class. 
 
 Tliird 
 
 51. In the third period of individual firing the party 
 or company is to practice in three classes, viz., first 
 second and third. ' 
 
61 
 
 52. In the practice of the first class the centre is to 
 be increased to three feet in diameter, and coloured 
 black; aU shots hitting it being counted two. 
 
 53. At the conclusion of the practices in this period 
 the points obtained by each man are to be added 
 together, and the sum entered in the columns " total 
 points," from which a final classification is to be made. 
 
 54. The company instructor is then to make out a 
 final classification in which the men are to be entered in 
 order as to merit, having affixed to their names the 
 number of points obtained in each period of individual 
 firing, as per Form L, which list is to be posted ujd in 
 a conspicuous part of the company's barrack rooms. 
 
 55. All men who have obtained seven points and 
 upwards, in the first class, are to be exempted from 
 aiming drill at distances under six hundred yards in the 
 succeeding annual course of musketry instruction. 
 
 2. File Firing. 
 
 56. In this practice ten rounds of ball ammunition 
 are to be expended by the recruit, and by the drilled 
 soldiers of every company annually, at three hundred 
 yards, in the order of file firing detailed in the " Infantry 
 Manual." 
 
 57. The mark for this practice, and also for volley 
 firing, is to consist of eight targets placed close together, 
 each having a separate bull's-eye and centre of the 
 dimensions detailed for the third class. 
 
 58. The bullets striking the target in this practice 
 will have the same value in points as in the third class. 
 
 59. The strength of the squad or section firing in 
 this and the following exercise is not on any account to 
 exceed ten files, 
 
 3. Volley Firing. 
 
 60. In this practice ten rounds of ball ammunition 
 are to be expended by the recruit, as also by the drilled 
 
62 
 
 soldiers of every company annually, at four hundred 
 yards, both ranks kneeling. The hits are to be counted 
 as in the second class, bull's-eyes being reckoned only 
 as centres; and in this, and the skirmishing practice, 
 care is to be taken that the men of the thu-d class, who 
 have not fired beyond three hundi'ed yards, adjust their 
 sights to the proper elevation. 
 
 61. This and the following exercise are to be omitted 
 in the training of the recruits of the Royal Artillery, as 
 also in the yearly course of practice, their carbines being 
 only sighted to three hundred yards. 
 
 4. Skiemishing. 
 
 62. Ten rounds of ball ammunition are to be expended 
 by the recruit, and also by the drilled soldiers of every 
 company annually, in skirmishing order, as per " Infantry 
 Manual," advancing and retiring between four hundi'ed 
 and two hundred yards, each man judging his own 
 distance, and arranging his sight accordingly. 
 
 63. Eight targets, each having its bull's-eye and 
 centre of the dimensions detailed for the third class, are 
 to be placed with intervals of six paces between them. 
 Every file is to have its own target, and the hits are to 
 be counted as in volley firing; bull's-eyes being only 
 valued as centres. 
 
 64. In firing advancing, the men may fire kneeling, — 
 rising to load, — which may be executed at the halt, 
 running up to the file leaders after returning their 
 ramrods, and capping after giving the word " ready." 
 
 65. A sentry (one of the fatigue party) is to be placed 
 on each flank of the extended targets, about forty or 
 fifty yards off, to prevent any person approachinof within 
 said distance, 
 
 66. At the conclusion of the firing of each squad or 
 section in this practice, as well as by files and in volle3^s 
 the company instructor, and a non-commissioned officer 
 of another company, are to go up to the targets and 
 mark off the hits in a diagram {Form E.) to which they 
 
63 
 
 are to affix their names as soon as it is completed, 
 in proof of its correctness, which is also to be confirmed 
 by the signature of the captain or officer of the company, 
 who is to witness botli the practice and the examination 
 of the targets. 
 
 67. The diagrams of the performances of each squad 
 or section are, as soon as completed, to be handed over 
 to the officer-instructor, or battalion sergeant instructor, 
 the company instructor taking a memorandum of the 
 points obtained by each section, to be inserted in the 
 columns set apart for the purpose in the " Musketry 
 Drill and Practice Return." 
 
 68. All men who remain in the third class at the 
 final classification are to be exercised, after the yearly 
 course of practice is concluded, through a course of 
 aiming and position drills, snapping-caps, and blank 
 firing, in every respect as recruits; and afterwards to 
 fire through the " first period." Those men who obtain 
 fifteen points are not to be further exercised ; those, 
 however, who do not, are to be again put through the 
 course of drill detailed iu this paragraph. The perfor- 
 mances of such men to be entered in a recruit's practice 
 return, set apart for the purpose, and headed " 3d class 
 shots at final classification." 
 
 69. The average points obtained in the " skirmishing 
 practice," added to the averages obtained in the " first 
 period," and in the practices of " file and volley firing " 
 will denote the ''merit" of the shooting of the squad, 
 company, or battalion. 
 
 70. No man, recruit, or otherwise, is to be exercised 
 in the practices by files, volleys, or skirmishing, wlio 
 has not completed a period of individual firing; nor is 
 a man to be allowed to practise in the "third period" 
 until he has been exercised in the "first and second 
 periods " respectively. 
 
 71. The following table details the practices that are 
 to be performed when the ranges available do not extend 
 to nine hundred yards. 
 
64 
 
 When the 
 
 ranges 
 
 only 
 
 extend to 
 
 Practices to be 
 performed. 
 
 H 
 
 as 
 
 Eemaem. 
 
 ■a 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 •a 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 
 
 s 
 1 
 
 300 yards 
 
 ■100 
 450 
 
 500 
 
 550 
 
 600, and 
 under 900 
 yards. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ♦ 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ro 
 
 70 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 •70 
 
 SO 
 
 The second class to repeat the 
 practice of the third class ; 
 firing at a single target. Volleys 
 to be fired at 300 yards stand- 
 ing, and skirniisliing between 
 300 and 200 yards. 
 
 The second class toflre ten rounds 
 at 350 and ten at 400 yards,— 
 one distance a day. 
 
 The second class to fl re n ve rounds 
 at 350, five at 400, and ten at 
 450 yards ; but not more than 
 ten rounds a day. 
 
 The second class to fire five rounds 
 at 400, five at 450, and ten at 
 600 yards ; but not more than 
 ten rounds a day. 
 
 The second class to fire five rounds 
 at 400, five at 600, and ten at 650 
 yards; but not more than ten 
 rounds a day. 
 * Should a range of tlie full 
 extent become available 
 the third period to be exe- 
 cuted in this instance only, 
 and 90 rounds expended. 
 
 The first-class men are not to fire 
 at any distance until an oppor- 
 tunity of a range to 900 yards 
 offers. 
 
 72. Troops armed with rifles or carbines sighted, ouly 
 to six hundred yards are to omit the third period, and 
 expend ninety rounds in the training of recruits, but 
 only seventy in the yearly course of practice. 
 
 73. When the practice range does not extend to 
 three hundred yards no ammunition is to be demanded 
 for the annual course oi practice; the course oi musketrij 
 drill is, liowever, to be executed. 
 
65 
 
 5. Judging Distance Practice. 
 
 1. The following course of judging distance practice 
 IS to be gone through by each recruit, and by every 
 drilled soldier of the battalion annually, with a view 
 to test the proficiency of the several companies of the 
 battalion in this imi^ortant and essential exercise. 
 
 2. In the absence of an instrument, a cord or chain 
 of the length" required for the practice, divided into 
 parts of five yards each, with the distance of each 
 division from the end so marked as to be distinguished 
 only on close inspection, is to be stretched in any 
 direction that may be found convenient, care being 
 taken to vary the ground as much as possible for the 
 several practices. 
 
 3. One or more men, when judging to 300 yards 
 only, but beyond that distance a section of not less than 
 eight or ten file, are to be stationed at the end, or any 
 other part of the chain that may be directed, to serve as 
 objects to estimate from. 
 
 4. The answers of each man are to be recorded in a 
 register, Foi'm D, which is to be invariably kept by a Ser- 
 jeant or corporal, under the superintendence of an officer. 
 The strictest silence is to be observed throughout the 
 practice ; the men are to be prevented from consulting 
 together in judging their distance ; and the answers are 
 to be given in a low tone of voice, so as not to influence 
 in any way the judgment of each other. 
 
 5. The commander is to select a division of five yards 
 at which to halt the party or class, and caution the 
 men to complete a division of five yards in giving their 
 answers. 
 
 6. When judging distance with two or more classes, 
 and when the ground is sufficiently level to lay down 
 a cord or chain, much time may be saved, — the practice 
 made more effective, by precluding the possibility of 
 obtaining a clue to the correct distance, — and a greater 
 number of men exercised at a time, — by the following 
 simple arrangement : — 
 
66 
 
 7. The instructor is to send forward a party of one 
 of the classes (say the 3d class), with a non-commis- 
 sioned officer-instructor, as " points " from which the 
 said class, as well as the others, are to judge their 
 distance ; the men of the party sent forward as points 
 at the same time estimating their distance from the 
 class to which they belong. The non-commissioned 
 officer-instructor in charge of the " points " and the 
 commander of each class are to be furnished, by the 
 officer-instructor on the practice ground, with a memo- 
 randum specifying the distance at which the points are 
 to stand from the end of the chain for each judgment, 
 in order that they may each determine the correct 
 distance, which is ascertained by deducting the distance 
 at which the "points" are stationed from that at which 
 the class is standing from the end of the chain. Care 
 must be taken that the several classes are so situated as 
 not to prevent those in rear of them from seeing the 
 " points." 
 
 8. When the ground is so irregular or hilly as to 
 prevent a chain or cord being laid down, the correct 
 distance, n the absence of an instrument, is to be 
 ascertained by triangulation. 
 
 9. The commander having marched his party or class 
 to the place that he intends to judge from, is to halt it 
 about ten paces to the right of the chain or cord facing 
 the object or points, and arrange the non-commissioned 
 officers who are to keep the registers three paces in front 
 of the right of the several sections, to prevent the 
 answers, when given, being heard by those in rear. 
 These non-commissioned officers, after recording their 
 own answers, will call each man of their respective 
 sections to the front to give his answer in yards as 
 to the distance that separates him from the " points," 
 which is to be immediately noted down in the register. 
 
 10. When the answers of every man of the section or 
 class have been taken down, they are to be read over to 
 the men, so that any error as regards entry which may 
 be discovered, may at once be corrected. After this has 
 been done, the commander is to state aloud to the men 
 the correct distance, which is to be noted at once at the 
 
67 
 
 top of the column, and the number of points obtained by 
 each man registered at the side of his answer, and made 
 known to him. 
 
 11. In each practice the nieu are to be exercised at 
 six different stations. When the party or class has 
 exercised at one station, it is to be moved to another, 
 so as to prevent any clue to the actual distance being 
 gained. 
 
 12. At the conclusion of a practice, the number of 
 points obtained by each man is to be read over to the 
 class or party, and inserted in the column " total 
 points," which, being added together, and the sum 
 divided by the number of men exercising, will deter- 
 mine the merit of the practice ; the register is then to be 
 signed by the non-commissioned officer who kept it, and 
 countersigned by the officer who superintended the 
 exercise, to verify its correctness. The register being 
 thus completed, which is always to be done on the 
 practice ground, the officer-instructor is to initial the 
 " duplicate total points," and tear this column from the 
 register, and keep it to check the entries made in the 
 "Musketry Drill and Practice Return" from the regis- 
 ters, the " total points " of which are to be transcribed 
 into the return mentioned, by the company-instructor 
 immediately on his return to barracks after each practice. 
 
 13. The register, in the case of recruits, is to be 
 signed by the squad instructor, and cou.ntersigned by 
 the officer-instructor or his assistant, the column 
 " duplicate points " of which is not to be torn off. 
 
 14. No erasure is to be made in the registers of 
 judging distance practice ; and all corrections necessary 
 are to be initialed by the officer superintending the 
 practice. A neglect of this order will invalidate the 
 register. 
 
 15. The "judging distance," like the " target practice," 
 is to be divided into three pei-iods, each consisting of two 
 practices or twelve answers. 
 
68 
 
 16. The 3d class is to practise as far as 300 j^ards, 
 the 2d class to 600 yards, and the 1st class as far as 900 
 yards. 
 
 17. The A-alue of the men's answers, by points, in the 
 several classes, are as follows : — 
 
 *^ i ■ , • J • T AYithin 5 yards - 3 points. 
 Or when judging dis- I ,^ •' c, 
 
 tance between 100 f " Vi " 7 " 
 
 and 300 yards -J » ^^ " ^ " 
 2d class : "| 
 
 Or -when judging dis- I Within 20 yai'ds - 2 points, 
 
 tance between 300 ( „ 30 „ 1 „ 
 
 ;J 
 
 and 600 yards 
 1st class: "j 
 
 Or -when judging dis- I "Within 30 yards - 2 points, 
 tance between 600 7 „ 40 „ 1 „ 
 
 and 900 yards -J 
 
 18. When the first or second class is brought to 
 judge within the distance of an inferior class (which, in 
 order to test the proficiency of the men, ought to be 
 occasionally done,) the answers are to be valued as 
 detailed for the inferior class in the preceding para- 
 graph. 
 
 ^i''?' 19. In this period every man, recruit or othei-wise, 
 
 is to be exercised in judging distance between 100 and 
 300 yards. 
 
 20. At the conclusion of the period, the points 
 obtained are to be added together, and the sum entered 
 in the column " total points " of the " Musketry Drill 
 and Practice Return," from -which a classification is to be 
 made, "when aU those men -who have obtained fourteen 
 points and upwards will pass into the second class, and 
 those men who have not obtained this number will be 
 formed into a third class. 
 
 Second 21. In this period the recruits, or company, are to 
 
 practice in two classes, viz., second and third. 
 
 22. At the conclusion of the period, the points ob- 
 tained therein being added together, and the sum 
 entered opposite each man's name in the column " total 
 
C9 
 
 points" of the prescribed return, a second classification is 
 to be made, when all those men of the second class who, 
 having exercised as such, have obtained fourteen points 
 and upwards, will pass into the first class ; and all those 
 men of the third class who have obtained fourteen points 
 and upwards will pass into the second class. Those who 
 have not obtained the number of points herein specified 
 will remain in the second and third classes respec- 
 tively. 
 
 23. In the third period the recruits, or company, are Third 
 to be exercised in three classes, viz., first, second, and ""° ' 
 third. 
 
 24. At the conclusion of this period the points 
 obtained are to be added, and the sum entered opposite 
 each man's name, in the columns " total points " of the 
 respective classes, from which a final classification is to 
 be made. The man who, in the practice of the first 
 class, obtains the greatest number of points will be the 
 " best judge of distance" of the battalion. 
 
 25. Should two or more men obtain the same number 
 of points in the first class, then the best judge of distance 
 will be that man who obtained the greatest numlier of 
 points in the three periods of practice. 
 
 26. In addition to the three periods of judging dis- 
 tance practice before detailed, wliich are to be executed 
 concurrently with the corresponding periods of target 
 practice, the men are to be taken into the country by 
 companies, under their respective captains, at least once 
 a month after the annual course of musketry instruc- 
 tion has terminated, to be exercised in judging distance, 
 with a view to develope their powers in this essential 
 particular. They will also be exercised in this practice 
 on marching-out days, for which purpose the halts may 
 be prolonged if necessary. The names of the best judges 
 of distance are to be taken down, and delivered to the 
 adjutant on the return to the barracks, and such of 
 them as may deserve it may be permitted to be absent 
 from afternoon parade, or receive some other trifling 
 indulo-ence. When those extra practices take place 
 (which are to be recorded in a register) the same is to 
 be notified in the monthly progress return. 
 
70 
 
 1. The following table specifies the number of drills, 
 lessons, and practices to be gone through by every non- 
 commissioned officer and soldier of the battalion annually, 
 — by every young officer before he is dismissed from driU ; 
 and by every recruit before he is aUowed to join in the 
 practices of his company, with the exceptions before 
 detailed. 
 
 Peeliminakt Deuls. 
 
 Toung 
 
 OCBcers and 
 
 Recruits. 
 
 Drilled 
 Soldiers' 
 Annual 
 Course. 
 
 BEMLAEKS. 
 
 MS 
 
 1" 
 
 4 
 
 "3 
 
 a 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 Pi 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Cleaning arms - - - 
 Theoretical principles 
 Aiming drills 
 Position drills - 
 
 Snapping caps 
 
 Blank firing 
 
 Judging distance driU - 
 Manufacture of cartridges 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 caps 
 
 20 
 rounds 
 
 4, 
 4, 
 4 
 8 
 
 1- 
 
 }- 
 
 4 
 
 - 
 
 
 Practices. 
 Preliminary ball-firing - 
 
 1st Period 
 
 2d Period 
 
 3d Period - - 
 Pile-firing 
 VoUey-finng 
 Skirmishing - 
 Judging fist Period 
 Distance •< 2d Period 
 Practice. Csd Period 
 
 Total 
 
 4 
 i 
 i 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 ID 
 10 
 10 
 
 Corps armed with' 
 rifles sighted only 
 to 600 yards omit 
 the 3d Period of 
 target practice : 
 and the Eoyal Ar- 
 tillery are not to 
 execute the volley 
 and skirmishing 
 practices. 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 2. The above table only specifies the minimum 
 number of di'Uls through which the recruit is to be 
 exercised before he is allowed to fire ball ammunition. 
 Should any recruit, after having been exercised through 
 the number stated, be found unlit to proceed to practice 
 
71 
 
 he is to be put back to another squad to commence 
 again. 
 
 3. Men who conclude practice as recruits after the 
 target practice of their company has commenced, are not 
 to fire in the prescribed annual course until the ensuing 
 year. 
 
 6. Firing "without using the back-sight. 
 
 1 . After the annual course of target practice has been 
 gone through, the first and second class men (if there is 
 any spare ammunition), should be trained to fire at 300 
 and 400 yards with the flap of back-sight down, judging 
 for themselves the proper elevation of their rifles. 
 
72 
 
 PART V. 
 
 Prizes for Good Shooting. 
 
 1. With a view to stimulate individual exertion, and 
 to reward the proficiency of soldiers in the use and 
 management of the rifle-musket, a system of prizes has 
 been adopted, and the following rules for the award 
 thereof are to be strictly observed : — 
 
 2. The regimental prizes for good shooting ai'e to 
 be three; viz. : 
 
 1st Prize. — To the best shot of a battalion con- 
 sisting of not less than four com- 
 panies (all of which must have been 
 exercised through the yearly course 
 of musketry drill and practice) a badge 
 of cross muskets and crown worked 
 in gold, and entitling the wearer to 
 extra pay at the rate of two-pence 
 per day. This prize not issued to 
 depot battalions. 
 
 2d Prize. — To the best shot of each company, in 
 which forty rank and file at least 
 (not including recruits in a musketry 
 sense) have practised through tlie 
 yearly course of instruction, a badge 
 of cross muskets worked in gold, and 
 
 j^ carrying with it extra pay, at tlie 
 
 rate of one penny per day. 
 
 3d Prize. — To certain of the first-class shots to be 
 styled " marksmen," at the rate of ten 
 per cent, of the number of men 
 exercised through the yearly course 
 but not to exceed 100 per battalion, 
 a badge of cross muskets worked in 
 worsted, with one penny per day 
 additional pay to each wearer. The 
 badges referred to under the head of 
 1st, 2d, and 3d prize are to be worn on 
 the left arm immediately above the 
 slashed flap of the sleeve. 
 
73 
 
 3. The "best shot of the battalion," and "the best shot 
 of the company," are to be allowed, in addition to the 
 reward as such, the extra pay as "marksman," when 
 eligible for the position ; but no soldier is entitled to 
 a reward for shooting who is not in the first class in 
 the final classification of the judging distance practice. 
 It is to be clearly understood that the maximum reward 
 for the best shot of the battalion is three-pence per 
 diem. 
 
 4. In order to ensure, on the one hand, a high rate 
 of elRcicncy, and, on the other, to guard against the 
 public being called upon to pay for a lower standard of 
 merit than is necessary, as well as to secure the utmost 
 impartiality in the distribution of the rewards, the prac- 
 tice registers and returns are to be the data upon which 
 the proficiency of the men's shooting is to be estimated. 
 
 5. Accordingly, the best shot of the battalion will be 
 that soldier who, in the practice of the first class, firing 
 between 600 and 900 yards, obtains the greatest number 
 of points over seven. 
 
 6. The best shot of the company will be that soldier 
 who, in the practice of the first class of his company, 
 firing between 600 and 900 yards, obtains the greatest 
 number of points over seven. 
 
 7. To qualify a soldier for the position of marksman, 
 and the rewards attaching thereto, he must, in the 
 yearly course of practice, have obtained at least seven 
 points in the first class, firing between 600 and 900 
 yards, — must have displayed the requisite skill in judging 
 distances, being at least in the first class at the final classi- 
 fication of the judging distance practice, — and possess 
 a competent knoAvledge of the laws aflfecting the fiight of 
 the bullet, and the rules to be attended to in maintaining 
 the eflSciency of the rifle under all circumstances and 
 conditions ; which is to be ascertained by examination, 
 conducted, in the presence of the commanding uiRcer, 
 by an Inspector of Musketry, when his services can be 
 obtained, and if not, by the ofacer-instructor of the 
 battalion. 
 
74 
 
 8. If more than 100 men in the battalion (in- 
 cluding the best battalion shot, and the best shot of 
 each company, if eligible) come under the conditions 
 speciiied in paragraph 7, then those men who have 
 obtained the greatest number of points are to be first 
 selected for the reward and distinction. Should two or 
 more men have obtained the same number of points 
 (not less than seven) in the first class, and be other- 
 wise eligible for the reward, reference is to be made 
 to their respective performances in the first and second 
 periods of individual shooting, and those selected who 
 have obtained the greatest number of points therein. 
 Should there still be a tie, reference is then to be made 
 to their performances in the judging distance practice, 
 and the preference given to those who are the best judges 
 of distances. 
 
 9. All men who may undergo a course of instruction at 
 the School of Musketry, Hythe, are, if qualified, eligible 
 for the rewards for good shooting in their respective 
 battalions, provided they have not been exercised in the 
 yearly course of practice before joining the said estab- 
 lishment, which is to be duly notified. Practice returns 
 of men instructed at Hythe will be sent to the officers 
 commanding battalions. 
 
 10. If the number of paid marksmen in a battalion be 
 reduced by casualties during the year, the number may 
 be completed from those men eligible for the reward 
 (if there are any), under the conditions prescribed in 
 paragraph six. 
 
 11. As a further inducement to all ranks to vie with 
 each other in this essential part of the soldier's instruc- 
 tion, and in order that every man may feel that though 
 he may not himself succeed in obtaining a prize, he can 
 assist in obtaining one for his company, a Supplementary 
 Prize of cross muskets and crown luorked in gold but 
 unaccompanied hy any pecuniary allowance, will be worn 
 on the right arm by the Serjeants of the best shooting 
 company of every battalion. When a serjeant who is 
 the holder of this supplementary prize leaves his com- 
 pany, he is to resign it. 
 
 12. Should a serjeant of the best shooting company 
 be either « the best shot of the battalion," the "best 
 
75 
 
 shot of his company," or a " marksman," he is to wear 
 the distinguishing badge of that position in addition to 
 the badge sanctioned in the foregoing paragraph. 
 
 13. With a view to ensure strict impartiality, the 
 several companies of a battalion are to be kept as much 
 intact as possible; they are, therefore, to be equalized 
 before the annual course of drill and practice commences, 
 and no transfers be made, except such as are indispen- 
 sable, until the period for commencing the practice in 
 the following year. 
 
 14. Although the best shooting company can be 
 established, and the company badge be issued accord- 
 ingly, wherever a range of 300 yards can be obtained, 
 no rewards are to be granted to battalions unless tliey 
 have been practised in the three pei-iods of individual 
 firing; and under no circumstances is the limit of one 
 best shot per battalion, one for each company, and one 
 hundred "marksmen," including the two former, ever to 
 be exceeded. Further, both the badges and their attendant 
 allowance will invariably have to be surrendered by all 
 who fail, in the next annual course, to fulfil the con- 
 ditions and maintain the superiority by which these 
 rewards were earned; and should the shooting of any 
 battalion fall below the average, the prizes will be 
 wholly withdrawn, and the issue of the additional pay 
 suspended. 
 
 15. Should it be ascertained, either through the reports 
 received from the Inspector of Musketry, or through any 
 other source, that any undue advantage has been taken 
 by a battalion in the execution of the several exercises 
 in target and judging distance practices, — sucli, for 
 instance, as counting ricochets — placing marks to aim 
 at, to denote the allowance to be made for wind, &c., 
 whereby the attainment of practical skill by the soldier 
 would be defeated — firing at distances shorter than those 
 enjoined by the regulations — or at a greater number of 
 targets than are prescribed for the several distances, — 
 departing in any way from the rules clearly defined for 
 conducting the platoon and skirmishing practices, — or 
 otherwise deviating from the spirit of the regulations 
 published to ensure a uniformity of procedure in this 
 
 D 2 
 
76 
 
 particular throughout the army, aud by which alone a 
 fair comparative merit can be arrived at, — such battalion 
 •vvill not be eligible for the rewards granted by these 
 regulations. 
 
 16. As it is of the utmost importance, in order to 
 ensure a faithful record of the soldier's performances, and 
 to protect the public from paying for merit undeserved, 
 that the registers and company practice returns should 
 be correctly kept, and be always forthcoming until 
 authority has been received to dispose of them — if any 
 irregularity should come under the notice of the Inspec- 
 tor of Musketry, whereby the integrity of the returns 
 may be questioned, — such as erasures, corrections not 
 initialed by an officer, absence of the signature either 
 of the marker, or company-instructor, or Serjeant act- 
 ing in his stead, or loss of documents, — ^he battalion 
 will be subject to forfeit the rewards herein pre- 
 scribed. 
 
 17. Each portion of a regiment is allowed its proper 
 proportion of company prizes, and the hundred prize- 
 holding " marksmen " are to be distributed between 
 service and depot companies in the following manner ; 
 viz. : 
 
 10 service companies - 90\i(-)r) 
 2 depot companies - 10 J 
 
 18. The extra pay is to be drawn, and the distin- 
 guishing badges are to be worn, for one year, commencincr 
 on the first day of the quarter succeeding that in which 
 the annual report of practice is required to be made up, 
 or as soon as the necessary authority is received. 
 
 19. When a battalion is on active service in the 
 field, or at a station where no range is available the 
 rewards are to be continued to those men in posses- 
 sion of them, until an ojjportunity occurs of their beino- 
 challenged by another yearly course of instruction. A 
 certificate from the commanding officer, verified by the 
 p-oneral officer under whose command the battalion is 
 serving, to the effect that under the circumstances above 
 dc. (ailed (for under no other is the allowance to be con- 
 tinued beyond one year), the battalion has been prevented 
 
77 
 
 undergoing the prescribed annual course of rifle instruc- 
 tion for the year 18 , is to be forwarded to the Inspector- 
 General of Musketry, for transmission to the Adjutant- 
 General of the Forces, for the information of the General 
 Commanding-iu-Chief. 
 
 20. Recommendations for prizes are to be transmitted 
 in triplicate according to the prescribed form with the 
 annual musketry practice return sent to the Inspector- 
 General of Musketry, by whom, after due examination, 
 they will be forwarded, with his recommendation, to 
 the Adjutant-General to the Forces. When a notifica- 
 tion of the General Commanding-in-Chief's approval is 
 received the prizes are to be presented on parade, and 
 the names of the prize-holders are to be published 
 in regimental orders, and inserted in the " Final Classi- 
 fication Eeturns" (Form L.) kept in the companies' 
 barrack-rooms. 
 
 21. In the event of a soldier who is in possession of 
 the prize either as the " best shot of the battalion," or 
 the " best shot of the company," becoming non-effective, 
 the said prize is not to be awarded to another soldier. 
 
 22. The additional pay attaching to the j)rizes for 
 good shooting is not to be drawn for a soldier when in 
 confinement ; but forfeitures under Clauses 28 and 29 
 of the Mutiny Act are not to deprive a man of the 
 advantages attending a prize which he may gain in a 
 subsequent year's course of instruction. 
 
 23. Badges of distinction, which are to be worked on 
 cloth the colour of the facings of the battalion, will be 
 supplied on application in the usual annual requisition 
 for clothing. They are not to be issued from the 
 quartermaster's store until authority is received for the 
 award of the prizes. 
 
78 
 
 PART VI. 
 
 Returns. 
 
 1. The following forms are to be made use of in the 
 different branches of instruction; and will be issued on 
 application to the War Department, except Forms L. and 
 M. which are to be prepared in manuscript. 
 
 Poem A. 
 
 Musketry 
 Drill and 
 Practice 
 Return of 
 Becruits. 
 
 Foe Eecruits. 
 
 2. This return is to contain the names of young 
 officers and recruits, in order as they join. 
 
 3. In depot battalions there will be a separate return 
 for the recruits of each depot forming the battalion. 
 
 4. When men cease to belong to the battalion, a fine 
 line is to be ruled through their names and performances, 
 and the date and cause, whether by death, desertion, 
 discharge, or joining service companies, &c., specified in 
 the remarks. 
 
 5. This return is to be kept by the ofiicer-instructor, 
 assisted by the battalion serjeant instructor, and is to 
 show the day and month when the several preliminary 
 drills were executed — thus, ^-J — and to contain a correct 
 entry of the points obtained in the several practices by 
 every recruit during the year. 
 
 6. It is to be closed to the 31st March in each year, 
 showing the distribution of the recruits, and the "figure 
 of merit," and explaining in the remarks, in a clear and 
 concise manner, the cause which prevented the training 
 of any man named therein who appears not to have 
 been exercised, and immediately afterwards transmitted 
 to the Inspector-General of Musketry; the names of 
 the men who have not completed the course on that 
 date being transcribed into a new return, 
 
79 
 
 Company Returns. 
 
 7. This return is to contain the name of everj'- man Foem B 
 borne on the streneith of the company, without reference -.r r~r 
 to ■where he is, or how employed, except the regimental Drill and 
 staff Serjeants, and drummers, — and recruits in a mus- Reiurn^o 
 ketry sense. They are to be entered by squads or Uie Com- 
 sections, the non-commissioned officers being inserted at ''^°^' 
 the head of their respective squads or sections. 
 
 8. It is to show the day and month on which each 
 man performed his preliminary drills — thus, ?/ — and to 
 contain a correct entry of the points obtained at the 
 several distances. 
 
 9. When men cease to be borne on tlic strength of 
 the company, a fine line is to be ruled through their 
 names and performances, and the date and cause spe- 
 cified opposite each in the remarks. 
 
 10. As the individual performances in file, voUej^, and 
 skirmishing practices cannot be represented otherwise 
 than by a "mean average of points," this mean, multi- 
 plied by the number of non-effective men who have per- 
 formed these exercises, will determine the number of 
 points to be deducted on their account in the recapitula- 
 tion table, and leave unaltered the figure of merit of the 
 practice in question. 
 
 11. The totals at the foot of the return, and in the 
 recapitulation table, are not to be inserted in ink until 
 the annual practice returns are to be prepared, when 
 the information there given will apply to the effectives 
 on that date. 
 
 12. The captain of the company is held responsible 
 that this return is correctly kept, as it is 1he record 
 showing the progress and efficiency of every soldier of 
 the company, and is liable to be called for at any 
 moment. 
 
 13. When men are transferred from one company to 
 another, — which, except in the removal of men between 
 the depot and service companies, is to be avoided as 
 
FOKM C. 
 
 Target 
 
 Practice 
 
 Register, 
 
 80 
 
 much as possible Avliile the annual course is proceeding, 
 — a memorandum, signed by the captain of the company, 
 detailing their performances, is to accompany them, to 
 be inserted in the practice return of their new company 
 at the foot of the squad to which posted. This rule is 
 to apply in the case of all men (not musketry recruits) 
 joining a company after the course has commenced. 
 
 14. In closing this, and the Recruits', Practice Return 
 it is to be observed that, when a man does not practise, 
 the several columns opposite his name are to be dotted 
 through ; when he has practised and has not obtained 
 any points, a cypher is to be entered. The class in which 
 a man is not to practise in the second and third periods 
 is invariably to be ruled through. 
 
 15. One of these forms to be used to record the result 
 of each shot fired by every man of a squad or section, at 
 two distances. 
 
 16. The men's names are to be entered successively as 
 they appear in the " Musketry Drill and Practice Return," 
 having prefixed to each the succession number of said 
 return, and the same rule is to be observed in the 
 register for casuals. 
 
 17. This register is to bear the signatures of the 
 " marker," the company instructor, or non-commissioned 
 officer acting in his stead, and the captain or oflicer of 
 the company, who is to certify that the practices were 
 conducted according to regulation, and that the points 
 recorded were obtained by the men opposite whose 
 names they appear. 
 
 18. The cause of absence of those men of the squad 
 who have not practised is to be specified as briefly as 
 possible in the columns " Total Points " and " Duplicate 
 Total Points/' and when the practice of the day is per- 
 formed, the register is to be endorsed and filed. 
 
 19. The captain of the company is responsible for the 
 safe keeping of the practice registers, which are not to 
 be made away with without reference to the Inspector- 
 General of Musketry. 
 
81 
 
 20. The columns " duplicate total points " attacliecl to 
 this register are to be initialed by the officer-instructor, 
 or his assistant, on the practice-ground, to verify their 
 correctness, and afterwards to be torn off and retained 
 in his possession, to check the entries made in the 
 " Musketry Drill and Practice Return," until examined 
 by an Inspector of Musketiy. 
 
 21. One of these forms is to be used for each section FouhD 
 or squad for a " period " of practice. Eesrilter of 
 
 Judging 
 DistRiice 
 
 22. This return is to be signed by the non-commis- Practice. 
 sioned officers who keep it, and by the captain or officer 
 
 of the company attending the exercise, who is to certify 
 that he was present during the practice, and that the 
 answers recorded were those given by the men. 
 
 23. The instructions respecting names, causes of 
 absence, safe keeping, &c. &c. laid down for the target 
 nractice register will apply to this form also. 
 
 24. The foregoing documents are to be sent to the 
 ifficer-instructor whenever required, and are to be pro- 
 duced with the following diagrams for the examination 
 flf the Inspector of Musketry at his periodical visits. 
 Any carelessness or irregularity observed in them is to 
 be brought to the notice of the commanding officer. 
 
 25. This diagram is to record the results of the per- Poem e. 
 formances of squads or sections in the file, volley, and m^j^s 
 skirmishing practices. The names of men exercising for i.iatoon 
 are to be entered on the back of each form, except in SJ^ishiu^' 
 the skirmishing practice, when they are to be entered at prnciices. 
 the foot of the target of diagram recording their respec- 
 tive performances. 
 
 26. The diagrams are, at the conclusion of the prac- 
 tice of each section, and when completed, to be signed 
 by the company instructor, a non-commissioned officer 
 of another company, and by the captain or officer 
 of the company, who is to certify that he was present 
 at the practice and saw the hits taken off on to the 
 diagrams ; which are to be handed over to the officer- 
 
 D 5 
 
82 
 
 instructor or battalion Serjeant instructor on the practice 
 ground (the company instructor first making a memo- 
 randum of the number of men firing, and points obtained 
 by them, for entry in the " Musketry Drill and Practice 
 Return "), to be retained until the annual musketry 
 practice returns are rendered, when, instructions will be 
 given for their disposal. ' 
 
 FoBji L. 
 in manu- 
 script. 
 
 Final Classi- 
 fication. 
 
 27. This return is to contain the name of every man 
 of the company under five difierent headings; viz.. Fired 
 in the 1st class: — Passed into the 1st class, 3d period: — 
 Eemaining in the 2d class, 3d period : — Passed into the 
 2d class, 3d period: — Eemaining in the 3d class, 3d 
 period; entered in order as to merit at the conclusion of 
 3d period, and to show the " total points " obtained by 
 each man in the several " periods " of individual firino-. 
 It is to he prepared in manuscript by the company 
 instructoi, signed by the captain of company, and 
 hung up in a conspicuous part of the company's barrack 
 rooms. 
 
 Battaliox Retuens. 
 
 f OEM p. 
 
 Monthly 
 ProRress 
 JReturn. 
 
 28. This return is to be prepared by the oiBcer- 
 instructor, assisted by the Serjeant instructor, and, after 
 being signed by the commanding officer and himself, is 
 to be transmitted in duplicate to the Inspector- Greneral 
 of Musketry, through the Inspector of Musketry, on or 
 before the fourth day of every month. The duplicate 
 will be returned to the officer commanding the battalion 
 with the remarks of the Inspector-General of Mus- 
 ketry, to be retained and inserted in the return book 
 of the battalion for future guidance and reference. 
 The progress return is merely a recapitulation of the 
 recruits' and companies' " Musketry Drill and Practice 
 Returns," and is to be made out strictly in accordance 
 with the following rules: — 
 
 1st. Strength, ^-c. — Under this head are to be shown 
 the effectives of each company, — that is, every man of 
 the company, whether present or absent, on the last 
 day of the month, minus regimental staff-serjeants 
 drummers, and recruits in a musketry sense, as here- 
 after explained. 
 
S3 
 
 2d. Number of Recruits in the Battalion. — Under 
 this head is to be shown the number of men etiective 
 on the last day of the mouth who, on the date when 
 their company commenced the annual course, had not 
 concluded the prescribed drills and practices, as also 
 all men who have joined the battalion, as recruits, after 
 that date ; such men, however, being considered recruits 
 only with reference to their musketry training. When 
 a battalion commences its first course of instruction, 
 the recruits, in a musketry sense, are all effective men, 
 who, on the date when the instruction of the company 
 to which they belong commenced, had not joined the 
 battalion one month, and all such as may join after that 
 date. 
 
 3d. Number under Instruction. — Three lines are cir- 
 cumflexed for each company, and four for recruits. 
 Here is to be shown the number of the cfl'ective men 
 of the companies, and recruits who have been under 
 instruction since the annual course commenced (whether 
 instructed with the battalion or elsewhere), specifying, 
 opposite, the practices in which exercised. When a 
 company or squad of recruits, &c. has not concluded 
 the " preliminary drills," " period," or " practice," in 
 which it is exercising on the last day of the month, 
 the words " in progress " are to be inserted under said 
 exercise, opposite the company or squad, to intimate 
 the practice in which it is engaged, showing on the 
 uppermost line, in all cases, those furthest advanced in their 
 training. When two or more men of a company, or 
 squad of recruits, have exercised in tlie same practice at 
 different times, the mean average points obtained by the 
 whole of the company, or recruits, in such practice (and 
 not the separate average of an individual, section, or 
 squad) are to be shown in the proper column. 
 
 4th. Absentees. — In the first column are to be shown 
 the number of men in hospital and in prison, — the 
 pioneers, lads incapable of bearing arms, and trained 
 bandsmen, (not to exceed the authorized number,) as 
 well as all on detachment, command, or otherwise absent 
 from head-quarters, by companies, and recruits on tho 
 last day of each month, whether exercised or not ; and 
 in the adjoining column the number of such men as 
 have not been under instruction during the progress 
 of the yearly course. The totals of columns absentees 
 
84 
 
 by companies, and recruits, and the total of the table 
 in explanation of said columns, are to agree. The sta- 
 tions of companies detached are to be specified in the 
 column of remarks. 
 
 5th. " Number in each class." — In this table is to be 
 shown the classification of the effective men of the 
 companies, and recruits who have concluded any of the 
 periods of practice. The number of men classified 
 should agree with the number shown in the body of the 
 return to have been exercised in the " periods " to which 
 such classification refers ; if they do not, the cause of 
 the discrepancy is to be explained in as brief a manner 
 as possible in the column of remarks of the table. 
 
 6th. " Remarks." — When men proceed from the depot 
 to the service companies, or vice versa, or are transferred 
 from one battalion to another, or become non-effective, 
 their number, and the extent to which exercised in the 
 current year's course of instruction, are to be briefly 
 stated in this column, in which are also to be inserted 
 such observations as may be deemed necessary to eluci- 
 date any of the statements contained in the body of the 
 return. 
 
 7th. Diary of Progress. — In this column is to be 
 stated the company or squad employed each day at drill, 
 and practice, and the cause of suspension of the instruc- 
 tion when such is the case. 
 
 8th. Names of Battalion and Company Non-com- 
 missioned Officer-Instructors. — When a Serjeant is 
 appointed to the office of company instructor, the cause 
 of absence of the colour-serjeant or company serjeant- 
 major, is to be specified ; and when a Serjeant, who does 
 not belong to the corps of instructors of musketry, is 
 acting as battalion non-commissioned officer-instructor, it 
 is to be stated whether he has been trained 'at Hythe 
 or not. 
 
 29. When the annual Musketry Practice Return has 
 been rendered, the number instructed in the annual 
 course, and their performances, may be omitted in sub- 
 sequent progress returns, which are then only to record 
 the strength, and absentees of the several companies 
 and the number of casuals and third class shots (with 
 their peiformances) who have been exercised since the' 
 
85- 
 
 annual course terminated. Tlie information respecting 
 recruits is to continue to be furnished without alteration 
 until their practice returns are closed for the year. 
 
 30. This return is to be prepared in duplicate by the Fouh G. 
 officer-instructor, assisted by the battalion serjeant ahh^ 
 instructor, from the company's " Musketry Drill and Musketry 
 Practice Returns," and is to refer only to those men Eetum? 
 who are effective on the date it is made out. Besides 
 showing the numbers exercised in the several periods, 
 
 &c. of target and judging distance practices, and 
 detailing the merit of the performances therein, it 
 is to contain the names of all men who have obtained 
 seven points and upwards, firing in the first class, spe- 
 cifying the number of points obtained in each "period" 
 of target and judging distance practice, and the causes 
 which may render any soldier named therein ineligible 
 for the reward as " marksman," — as also a nominal roll 
 of the non-exercised men, with the reasons which pre- 
 vented their instruction. In the cases of men returned 
 as recruiting, in hospital, prison, &c., the period of their 
 
 absence (from to ) is to be specified. 
 
 One copy of this return is to be given to the general 
 officer making the half-yearly inspection, which is 
 to accompany his confidential report, and the other is 
 to be transmitted, through the Inspector of Musketry, 
 where there is one, to the Inspector-General of Mus- 
 ketry, as soon as the inspection is made, or in the case Foitm H. 
 of battalions abroad, on the 1st of April, together with Return of 
 a separate nominal return of " marksmen " in triplicate m™ ^"0!^'° 
 (as per Form H.), merely specifying the company, re- °''i'™"- 
 gimental number, rank, and name of each man, and 
 leaving a space for remarks. 
 
 31. The annual practice return transmitted to the 
 Inspector-General of Musketry is to be accompanied 
 with a certificate from the Inspector of Musketry, or 
 in his absence from the commanding officer, to the effect 
 that the registers have been carefully compared with 
 the practice returns, and that the entries in the latter 
 ao-ree with those in the former, when instructions will 
 
 be o-iven for the disposal of the registers. Form M. . 
 
 ^ ill maim- 
 
 32. When men leave a depot battalion to join the scnirt^ 
 service companies, or vice versa, a return of this form gj^M™ ^ 
 
86 
 
 Men leaving 
 the Bat- 
 talion, 
 
 FoEM J. 
 
 Inspector of 
 Musk3try's 
 monthly 
 Hetum and 
 llepoi't for 
 Home Sta- 
 tions. 
 
 FOEM K. 
 
 Inspector of 
 
 Musketry's 
 
 monthly 
 
 Return and . 
 
 Kcport for 
 
 Stations 
 
 abroad. 
 
 is to be prepared by the officer-instructor, and signed by 
 the commanding officer, sliowing the performances of 
 each man in the current year's course of drill and 
 practice; and transmitted to the commanding officer, iu 
 order that the men named therein may receive credit 
 in the practice return of their new company, for the 
 " points " they have severally obtained, aud their in- 
 struction may be resumed, if not completed. 
 
 33. To be transmitted to the Inspector-General of 
 Musketry on or before the tenth of each month, accom- 
 panied with the battalion "Progress returns "in dupli- 
 cate. 
 
 34. To be transmitted to the Inspector-General of 
 Musketry by the first conveyance after the tenth of 
 each month. 
 
 35. The following number of Musketry Forms being 
 considered ample for the rifle training of a battalion 
 annually, commanding officers will be guided accord 
 ingly in making requisition for the said forms : 
 
 For each battalion, or'i „ , ^ , .,, , 
 
 2 musketry drill and practice 
 
 returns for recruits. {Form A.) 
 
 f2 musketry drill and practice 
 returns. {Form B.) 
 60 target practice registers. 
 
 {Form C.) 
 50 judging distance practice 
 
 registers. {Form D.) 
 ^30 diagrams. {Form E.) 
 f 36 progress returns. {Form F.) 
 I 4 annual musketry practice 
 I returns. {Form G.) 
 ^ 4 returns of marksmen.(Fo7-»j H.) 
 
 depot of a depot 
 battalion. 
 
 For a company of 
 
 100 men, or for 
 
 every 100 
 
 recruits. 
 
 For each battalion. 
 
87 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 1. To establish uniformity in the mode of proceeding 
 "with the musketry training, and to ensure the instruc- 
 tion being carried out in the shortest time, the following 
 regulations are to be strictly observed. The annual 
 course of instruction is always to be commenced in the 
 companies at home, and other temperate climates, on the 
 1st April; and in tropical climates on the 1st October, 
 or at the hegvaning of the cold season; and in order that 
 the same may be got through in the prescribed period, 
 and the annual practice return rendered at the appointed 
 time, general oificers are to take care that it is pro- 
 ceeded with regularly by companies, without interrup- 
 tion, until completed. 
 
 2. Previously to the commenccmeut of every annual 
 course of instruction of a battalion, the commanding 
 officer is to hand over to the instructor the full non- 
 commissioned officers by one fourth at a time, to be 
 exercised through a course of preliminary drills, and 
 practised to drill one another. While under instruction 
 they are to be struck off all duty. Should it be im- 
 possible, on account of the severity of the duties, to 
 strike one fourth of the non-commissioned officers off 
 duty, then one eighth of their number is to be handed 
 over; but in such case arrangements are to be made 
 by the commanding officer to prevent the commence- 
 ment of the instruction of the companies being delayed 
 beyond the date specified in the preceding paragraph. 
 
 3. When all the Serjeants and 'corporals have been 
 exercised through the preliminary drills (which can be 
 •well effected in four days per squad, and which is never 
 under any circumstances to be dispensed with,) they are 
 
to be employed to assist in the instruction of their 
 respective companies, which is to be proceeded with in 
 the following manner : — 
 
 4. A company with its officers and non-commissioned 
 ofScers, is to be struck oiF all duty and handed over to 
 the ofRcer-instructor, who will first exercise it in the 
 preliminary drills, which can be executed in four days; 
 the men performing the exercises daily, as specified in 
 the subjoined table : — 
 
 — 
 
 Cleaning 
 
 Arms. 
 
 Tlie<iretk-al 
 I'nneiples. 
 
 Aiming Drill. 
 
 Position 
 Drill. 
 
 Judging Distance 
 Drill. 
 
 1 
 
 el 
 
 "1 
 
 ■11 
 
 
 
 I* 
 3 ° 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 d 
 
 .1.2 
 r- & 
 v Z 
 
 II 
 
 P 
 
 o 
 d 
 1^ 
 
 f A.M. 
 1st Day 1 
 
 2nd Day J ^•«- 
 ' P.M. 
 
 .3rd Dny ■ 
 
 ( P.M. 
 
 4th Day } ^•*'- 
 
 ' P.M. 
 
 Total number ^ 
 of drills and ( 
 lessons in I 
 each subject ) 
 
 « 
 
 h lioui- 
 i hour 
 
 J hour 
 J hour 
 
 1st it 2d 
 3d a 4th 
 
 .5th Si Cth 
 7th k 8th 
 
 ihour 
 
 J hour 
 ihour 
 
 ihour 
 
 lata 2d 
 
 3d S: 4th 
 5th & Gth 
 
 rth k 8th 
 
 1 J hours j 
 
 H hours } 
 1 J hours I 
 
 U hours 1 
 
 .vards. 
 1.5ri,20r1,) 
 2.50, uOU ; 
 
 3.50,4no, 1 
 t.50, 501) / 
 550, Olio, I 
 650, 700 1 
 
 r5»,800, 1 
 8.50, 000 ! 
 
 J hour 
 
 ihour 
 
 ihour 
 } hour 
 
 ihour 
 
 1 hour 
 
 ihour 
 i hour 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 11 hours \ 
 ]i hours 
 
 1 i hours < 
 li hours 
 
 Known and 
 unknown 
 di-tJinces to 
 SOOyftida. 
 do. 
 
 Known nnd 
 unkninvn 
 di.stances to 
 Gnu yards, 
 do. 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 
 .4 
 
 - 
 
 i 
 
 -- 
 
 8 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 ItEMAEKS.— When at Ainiin? Drill, those men not actually engaged in aiming are to he exercised in " Tositioa 
 Drill," with the siyht lor the actual distance, so as to employ the time protitably. 
 JMcn of lloyal Artillery to aim at one distance daily. 
 
 » In addition to the time here specified, wet days are to he taken advantage of, to ascertain the proficiency 
 of the men in those euhjecta. 
 
 5. After the company has gone through the pre- 
 liminary drills, it is to proceed immediately to target and 
 judging distance practice, when, in six days more it is 
 to be exercised in the first, second, and third periods of 
 individual firing (each man expending sixty rounds of 
 ball ammunition), and to the end of the third period 
 of the judging distance practice, and then be returned to 
 duty. Every man is to fire at two distances daily 
 
89 
 
 (except when the range is limited m extent as provided 
 forin paragraph 71 page 63), and to perform one practice 
 in judging distance, alternately morning and evening. 
 
 6. Two days after the company proceeds to target 
 practice, &c., another company, with its officers and 
 non-commissioned officers, is to be struck off duty and 
 exercised in the preliminary drills, as per table, so as to 
 be prepared to take the place of the company at practice, 
 by the time it has completed the third period; the 
 instruction is to be continued in like manner by com- 
 panies until the whole battalion has been similarly 
 exercised, which, in moderate weather, can be accom- 
 plished in eleven weeks, as shown in the following 
 statement, by which it will be seen that a company is 
 only kept ofi' duty for eleven days, weather permitting. 
 
 
 
 Target and Judging 
 
 
 Preliminary Drills. 
 
 Distance Practices to the 
 
 
 
 end of 3d Period. 
 
 From 
 
 To 
 
 Prom 
 
 To 
 
 A Company - 
 
 1st April - 
 
 4th April - 
 
 6th April - 
 
 11th April. 
 
 ^, 
 
 8th „ 
 
 11th „ 
 
 13th „ 
 
 18th „ 
 
 
 . 
 
 15th „ 
 
 18th „ 
 
 20th „ 
 
 25th „ 
 
 
 
 22nd „ 
 
 25th „ 
 
 27th „ - 
 
 2nd May. 
 
 
 
 29th „ 
 
 2nd May - 
 
 4th May - 
 
 9th „ 
 
 
 
 6th May - 
 
 9th „ - 
 
 11th „ - 
 
 leth „ 
 
 
 
 13th „ 
 
 16th „ 
 
 18th „ 
 
 2:jrd „ 
 
 
 
 20th „ 
 
 23rd „ 
 
 23th „ 
 
 30th „ 
 
 
 
 27th „ - 
 
 30th „ 
 
 1st June 
 
 6th June. 
 
 
 
 3rd June - 
 
 6th June - 
 
 Sth „ 
 
 13th „ 
 
 7. When every company of the battalion has been 
 exercised to the end of the third period of target and 
 judging distance practices, two companies with their 
 officers and -non-commissioned officers, are again to be 
 struck off duty to be exercised in the file and volley 
 firing in one dnj, and the skirmishing practice in 
 another, so that in ten more days the battalion will have 
 concluded. 
 
 8. By the foregoing arrangement a battalion of ten 
 companies should complete in an efficient manner its 
 annual course of musketry drill and practice, as pre- 
 scribed in the " Musketry Eegulations," in about twelve 
 
90 
 
 ■weeks, each man firing ninety rounds of ammunition 
 
 systematically.* 
 
 9. There are few stations at which the foregoing 
 directions cannot be carried into effect. When the men 
 have only three nights in bed, (which, however, can 
 seldom happen if all are included in the duty-states who 
 are not exempted from guard-mounting by the regula- 
 tions of the service), then only one company is to be 
 struck off duty for instruction. Until every company at 
 head-quarters has been exercised to the end of the third 
 period, no further advance is to be made in the yearly 
 course of instruction. 
 
 10. Depot battalions composed of more than five 
 depots are to proceed with the annual course of mus- 
 ketry instruction in the same manner as detailed for a 
 battalion, except that two companies are to be engaged 
 at preliminary drills, and two at practice at the same 
 time, instead of one as before detailed. 
 
 11. Depot battalions composed of five or a less 
 number of depots are, after the non-commissioned 
 ofiicers have been exercised as detailed in paragraph 2, 
 to have two companies engaged at a time at preliminary 
 drills, and afterwards exercised to the end of the third 
 period, when they are to return to duty; two more 
 companies are to replace them, and so continue until all 
 the companies of the battalion are similarly exercised, 
 after which the file and volley firing and skirmishing 
 practices are to be 'executed, two companies being 
 handed over at. a time for that purpose. 
 
 12. In depot battalions, only one company of each 
 depot is to be under rifle instruction at a time. 
 
 13. When companies are detached from head-quarters 
 to stations where there are no ranges, they are to be 
 regularly relieved, for the purpose of instruction, by 
 companies that have previously gone through the year's 
 
 * All these calculations have reference to •working days, no 
 deduction being made for the susyiension of instruction on Wednes- 
 days, as sanctioned for the assembly of corps entire for battalion and 
 brigade drill, &c. It is to be clearly understood, that should the 
 weather on Wednesdays not prove fine, the rifle instruction is not to 
 be suspended on any other day instead. 
 
91 
 
 practice. If a range, however, is available, tlie officer- 
 instructor is to be sent to instruct the detached com- 
 panies after those at head-quarters have completed their 
 course of drill and practice. When companies are de- 
 tached for the express purpose of rifle practice, and ex- 
 pense is incurred in their movement to and fro, they 
 are, under such circumstances (and no other) to complete 
 the course of drill and practice before returning to duty, 
 v^hich can be accomplished in twelve working days. 
 
 14. Every company is to be as complete as possible 
 when handed over for musketry instruction, to prevent 
 the delay and inconvenience arising from casuals; and 
 no man is to be withheld or withdrawn from this 
 important branch of his duty. Those men who, from 
 being in hospital, in prison, on command, or for any 
 valid cause of absence, are unable to attend for rifle in- 
 struction with their company, are, so soon as available, 
 to be exercised with the company next furnished for 
 instruction. Their performances, however, are to be 
 recorded in separate registers. 
 
 15. When every company of the battalion has been 
 exercised to the end of the third period, those men who 
 may not until then become available are, if exceeding 
 five, to be taken through a course of preliminary drills, 
 in a squad by themselves, and practised to the end of 
 the third period. Those men who have exercised to the 
 end of the third period, and are not present with their 
 company when it is performing the file, volley, and skir- 
 mishing practices, are, as soon as available, to be exer- 
 cised with the next company engaged in said practices, 
 — or as a squad by themselves, should every company of 
 the battalion present have concluded. 
 
 16. In the case of men who practice in file and 
 volleys in a squad formed of men of different companies, 
 their performances in these exercises (which are to be 
 executed apart from the company to which attached for 
 training) are to be recorded in separate diagrams, and 
 each man credited in the company " Musketry Drill and 
 Practice Return," with the "average points" obtained 
 by the squad in each practice. 
 
 17. In skirmishing, although one diagram may do for 
 the squad, the men of different companies are to fire at 
 
92 
 
 separate targets, in order that the " points " they obtain 
 may be secured for the company to which they belong. 
 
 18. By attending to the foregoing proceeding the 
 non-exercised men need be very few indeed. The rule 
 is, that every soldier for whom a rifle is issued shall go 
 through a course of musketry instruction annually. No 
 excuse will be admitted either as regards servants, bat- 
 men, mess-waiters, hospital orderlies, assistants in the 
 orderly-room, paymaster's office, or school, tailors, shoe- 
 makers, barrack or regimental police, or any other class 
 of men not in the ranks, most of whom should be 
 periodically changed in the same manner as the dis- 
 mounted men in the cavalry; and the only exception 
 allowed wiU be in favour of men who, being unfit for 
 the service, are to be brought forward for discharge at 
 the ensuing inspection. 
 
 19. The practice of exempting soldiers who are effec- 
 tive, and doing duty in the ranks, from rifle instruction 
 on pleas which, if really valid, would tend to prove 
 the men unfit for the service, is strictly forbidden, as 
 calculated to lead to malingering, and other evils detri- 
 mental to the efficiency of the troops. 
 
 20. Bandsmen, when once fully trained to the use of 
 the rifle, may be exempted from exercising in the pre- 
 scribed annual course of drill and practice. 
 
 21. Should, however, any men not be available for 
 rifle instruction until after the annual practice return is 
 rendered, and consequently appear therein as " not exer- 
 cised," they, as well as the third-class shots, are to be 
 exercised during the winter mouths ; in tropical countries 
 early in the morning, and late in the afternoon during 
 the hot seasons ; the former are to be struck off" duty for 
 instruction, the latter are not, but are to be exercised 
 whenever they are not on duty. The performances of 
 casuals are to be recorded in a company's practice 
 return set apart for the purpose, and headed " Casuals 
 after the termination of annual course." 
 
 22. The regulations detailing the proceedings to be 
 pursued in the training of battalions of infantry will 
 also apply to regiments of cavalry armed with the rifle- 
 carbine, except that the instruction in this case is to be 
 conducted by half troops, two being engaged at drill, 
 
93 
 
 and two at practice, thus leaving half of each tioop 
 available to attend on the sick and untrained horses. 
 
 23. At the several head-quarter stations of the Royal 
 Artillery, and at places -where detachments of 500 men 
 and upwards are quartered, there is to be a duly qualified 
 officer-instructor ; and two half batteries are to be struck 
 off duty at a time to be exercised in the prescribed 
 annual course of rifle instruction, which can be accom- 
 plished efficiently in nine working days. The recruits 
 are to be handed over for rifle-carbine training (which 
 will only occupy fifteen working days) as soon as possible 
 after they have learned their elementary marching and 
 carbine drill ; viz., about six weeks after joining the head- 
 quarters of the regiment. The number to be handed over 
 must be regulated according to circumstances ; the party, 
 however, is never to exceed two hundred and forty, and 
 not to be less than twenty, half being employed at drill, 
 and half at practice. 
 
 24. At the head-quarters of the Royal Engineers one 
 company is to be engaged at a time at rifle instruction ; 
 and such arrangements are to be made as will ensure all 
 the duty-men being exercised in the yearly course before 
 proceeding on detachment. 
 
 25. The annual course of rifle practice of batteries of 
 Royal Artillery and Companies of Royal Engineers 
 detached from their respective head-quarters, is to be 
 conducted by the non-commissioned officers thereof, 
 under the superintendence of the captains and officers of 
 said companies if a qualified instructor is not available, 
 or they are to be relieved in the manner prescribed in 
 paragraph 13. Not less than one fourth, and not more 
 than one half, of the entire strength is to be under in- 
 struction at a time. 
 
 26. Squads of recruits are to be handed over entirely 
 to the officer-instructor for about three weeks ; in which 
 time, weather permitting, every man with few excep- 
 tions, ought to be well grounded in the preliminary- 
 drills and to have completed the course of practice, 
 which they are to do before being returned to the 
 battalion ; they are to be employed daily, as follows : 
 
94 
 
 PKELIMINAEY DRILLS. | 
 
 
 Id. 
 
 ■ -S 
 
 = £ 
 
 Aiming Drill. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ti) 
 
 Judging 
 Distance Dnlls. 
 
 "3 
 £ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Days. ■ 
 
 ij 
 
 
 Distances 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 to 
 
 
 _B 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 Hemarks. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 to be aimed at 
 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 Description. 
 
 i 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 I s 
 
 
 each Drill. 
 
 g 
 
 'S, 
 p. 
 
 
 
 
 
 iS 
 
 
 ic 
 
 5 S 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 a 
 
 
 M 
 
 P3 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
 : 
 
 
 
 
 
 Explain ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Each lesson on clean- 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 siglits anil ( 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ing arms.theoretical 
 
 (A.M. 
 
 - 1 
 
 aim at 100 ( 
 
 
 "^ 
 
 
 ~" 
 
 " 
 
 — ~ 
 
 ~~ 
 
 
 principles and manu- 
 facture of cartridges, 
 
 1st < 
 
 
 ( 
 
 anil 150 yds. ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Known and 
 
 
 
 L„ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 } unknown dis- 
 
 
 
 and each position 
 
 IP.JI. , 
 
 - 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ) tancea to 300 
 
 ~~ 
 
 
 drill, to occupy half 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( yards - 
 
 
 
 an hour. 
 
 A.M. 
 
 - 1 
 
 
 - _ _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 do. do. 
 
 
 
 
 2'! v^, 
 
 - 
 
 i| 
 
 200, 250, and j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 When at aiming drill, 
 
 P.M. 
 
 000 yards t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 those not actually 
 
 A.M. 
 3d < 
 
 - 1 
 
 M 
 
 350, 400, and 1 
 450 yards - / 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 ( Known and 
 
 
 
 engaged in aiming 
 to be exercised in 
 
 P.M. 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 ) unknown dis- 
 ) tances to 300 
 ( yards - 
 do. do. 
 
 
 
 position drill, with 
 their sights adjusted 
 to tlie actual dis- 
 
 ( A.M. 
 
 - 1 
 
 
 _ _ _ 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 tance irom the tar- 
 
 "■^ 1 P.M. 
 
 - 
 
 ;| 
 
 sno, 550, and 1 
 (iOO yards - / 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 gets. 
 
 ' 
 
 . 1 
 
 em, 700, and ( 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The recruits of Royal 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 760 yards -| 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Artillery to aim at 
 
 Olh] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f Known and 
 
 
 
 one distance a day, 
 
 / P.M. 
 
 - 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 ] unknown dis- 
 
 
 repeating the same 
 
 >. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ) taneea to GOO 
 
 f - 
 
 
 at 300 yards on tiic 
 
 A.M 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 - _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [ yards - 
 do. do. 
 
 J 
 
 
 sixth day. 
 
 '"^ P.M. 
 /"A.M. 
 
 L - 
 - 1 
 
 ^1 
 
 800, 850, andl 
 90O yards -J 
 
 
 10 caps 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 1 
 
 Cavalry recruits to 
 aim to the extent to 
 Which thejr carbines 
 
 rih ] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Known and 
 unknown dis- 
 
 ) 
 
 
 are sighted, so regu- 
 lating the distarjces 
 
 .^P.M. 
 
 I - 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 — 
 
 10 rounas 
 
 
 tances to (iOO 
 
 \ - 
 
 
 to be aimed aid^iily, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C yards - 
 
 ) 
 
 
 as toextjeutethemin 
 
 A.M. 
 
 - 1 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 LO cups 
 
 
 
 
 
 do. do. 
 
 
 
 six days. 
 
 8th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P.M. 
 Total of. 
 
 1 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 10 rounds 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 Lessons 
 & Drills > 
 
 8 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 16 
 
 2U caps 
 
 2(J rounds 
 
 
 
 or more.it 
 necessary. 
 
 
 
 PRACTICES. 1 
 
 
 Target Practices. 
 
 Judging Distance 
 Practice. 
 
 
 Preliminjiry 
 ball flriiic.. 
 
 1st Period. 
 
 2d Period. 
 
 4 
 
 H 
 
 t.4 
 
 a c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _c 3 
 
 •c = 
 
 io 
 
 'i 
 
 ri 
 
 ■Td 
 
 Kemabks. 
 
 
 
 
 
 9th 
 
 1 
 
 Q 
 
 =1 
 
 S 
 
 = 1 
 
 1 
 
 'o-a 
 c 3 
 ^5 
 
 
 so 
 o . 
 
 ^1 
 
 Co 
 
 ^1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 •c 
 
 
 2 
 
 m 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 _. 
 
 _ 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 10th 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 nth 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 
 12th 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 13th 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 14th 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 16th 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 — . 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 16th 
 
 ~ 
 
 " 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 " 
 
 
95 
 
 27. As it is important that the recruit should be able 
 to handle his arms with freedom before he is handed 
 over to the officer-instructor, he is to be under the 
 instruction of the adjutant for a month or six weeks 
 after he joins the battalion, in which time he is to be 
 instructed in all the motions of loading, standing and 
 kneeling. 
 
 28. To expedite the musketry training of recruits, one 
 party is to be at preliminary drill and another at practice 
 at the same time, in addition to the companies exercising. 
 When the number of recruits in a battalion exceeds 
 sixty, the party is to consist of not less than twenty ; if 
 under sixty, the squad is to consist of ten. 
 
 29. The three preceding paragraphs, having reference 
 to the training of recruits, will also apply to the corps 
 of Eoyal Engineers. 
 
 30. No recruit is to leave a dei^ot battalion to join 
 the service companies until he has completed a course of 
 rifle training. 
 
 31. When battalions proceed on foreign service, com- 
 manding officers are to transmit to the Inspector-General 
 of Musketry the annual Musketry Practice Return com- 
 pleted to the date on which the instruction ceased; which, 
 however, should not be until within a few days of embai'k- 
 ation. The instruction of the battalion is to be resumed 
 immediately on arrival at its new quarters. 
 
 32. As a means of profitable occupation of the time 
 of both officers and men while at sea, lecture-room models, 
 &c. are furnished for the use of the instructor of 
 musketry actually embarked with a regiment proceeding 
 on or returning from foreign service, or removing from 
 one foreign station to another. Commanding officers are 
 accordingly to make requisition for those articles in time 
 to admit of their being put on board ship ; they are held 
 responsible for then- care and preservation, and that they 
 are handed over, on arrival at the port of disembarkation, 
 to the proper authority, for the purpose of being issued 
 to other regiments by which they may be relieved or 
 replaced both at home and abroad. 
 
96 
 
 33. When a regiment embarks in more vessels than 
 one, and lias a qualified assistant instructor of musketry, 
 a second set of models is to be provided for that officer, 
 in addition to those furnished for the regimental in- 
 structor, who is always to embark in the head-quarter 
 ship. General and other officers at the port of embark- 
 ation are to take care that this service is duly provided 
 for. 
 
 34. General officers are expected to bring to notice 
 any instance which they may observe of continued 
 neglect in the musketry instruction of troops in their 
 division or command, to which they will be pleased to 
 give their special attention. They are to require the 
 inspectors of musketry to accompany them, when prac- 
 ticable, in their tours of inspection, for the purpose of 
 catechising officers of companies, indiscriminately taken, 
 with a view of ascertaining that they are acquainted 
 with the theory and practice of musketrj', and the system 
 of rifle training as laid down in this book ; and to furnish 
 any information on this subject they may wish for, to 
 enable them to reply to the several questions, in their 
 confidential reports, in regard to the " instruction of 
 officers and men," and the " exercise of arms." 
 
 35. Whenever the annual course of instruction is on 
 any account suspended, the circumstance, and the cause 
 of it, are to be specially reported to the Adjutant-General, 
 for the information and orders of the Commander-in- 
 Chief. When the suspension is owing to the troops 
 having less than three nights in bed, correct duty-states, 
 specifying the posts of sentries, and the numbers fur- 
 nished for guard, are to accompany the report. 
 
 36. The Inspector-General of Musketry, being held 
 responsible that the rifle training is conducted efficiently 
 and according to regulation, is to report any and every 
 deviation therefrom which may come under his notice 
 for the information of the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 By command, 
 
 G. A. Wetheeall, 
 
 Adj utant-General. 
 
97 
 
 ScuKDrLE of Articles authorized for tlie Musketry Instruction of a Battalion, 
 ■which are to he ohtained, on application to the Barrack -master at the several 
 Stations, and the amount to be charged for any of the said articles lost, 
 ilamaged, or destroyed through wilfulness or neglect on the part of the Troops. 
 
 AHTIOLES EEQniKED. 
 
 Iron tarp;ets 6 ft. x 2 ft. complete 
 
 - feet square 
 24 
 2i 
 24 
 2i 
 
 Red 
 
 I Red - - 
 
 Flags < Red and White 
 
 Dark blue 
 
 LWhite 
 
 Poles, lance 10 feet long 
 
 900 yards length of Guiitcv's cliain or cord") 
 
 labelled every 5 yards, and numbered > 
 
 from 1 to 900, divided into 18 equal parts^ 
 
 Pins of stout wire, 12 inches long 
 
 Tripod rests with rings . - * 
 
 Sand bags (bushel) - . - - 
 
 Large brushes for colouring targets (1 lb. "> 
 
 brushes) - - - -j 
 
 Small „ „ „ («ash tools) 
 
 ■WTiiting .... cwt.S 
 
 Lamp black ... „ ^ 
 
 ^Glue to make size - • • „ ) 
 
 fBlack -board ft. x 4 ft. and easels 
 
 Cap with cross wires to fit muzzle of rifle \ 
 
 musket, pattern 1851^ . - - J 
 
 Wooden plug with hole through the cen-~i 
 
 tre,to nt into breech end of rifle musket, > 
 
 pattern 1853 - - • •) 
 
 Wooden model with suspended wires to") 
 
 illustrate the necessity of holding the > 
 
 sights upright when taking aim . ■) 
 
 Common ilat niler - - 3 feet long 
 
 Rifle musket barrel, pattern 1853 
 
 Waster locks with cocks complete, swivel ) 
 
 pattern . - - - -J 
 
 Improved turnkey with cramp, worm, &c. \ 
 
 attached ... . i 
 
 Implements for making cartridges - set 
 
 ^et to consist of— 
 
 5 tin measures, containing each 24 drams 
 
 5 tin funnels with long narrow spouts . 
 
 12 formers of hard wood for (ar-] 
 
 tridges for rifle musket, pattern 1S53 i 
 
 12 forming plugs „ for „ do. do. 
 
 1 set of tin patterns showing shape of) 
 
 paper for cartridges • - -i 
 
 1 iron straight edge ... 
 
 llarge knife - .- • 
 
 20 quires of white paper for mner andl 
 
 outerenvelope of cartridge - - - 
 
 6 quires of cartridge paper for cylmdcr of > 
 
 cartridge 
 i bushel of fine sand - - - -J 
 
 50 bullets for rifle musket 1853 
 12 files to retain documents (common) 
 Sponge - - ■ ' IV," 
 
 Chalk, common - , - ^ . ;,,"'• 
 
 Compasses with holder to contam chalk - 
 .Boxes, wooden, for models 
 
 No. of 
 
 each 
 
 required. 
 
 10 
 1 
 4 
 
 18 
 12 
 12 
 
 Cost of 
 
 each 
 
 Article. 
 
 
 2oz. 
 1 
 1 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 RE1I.IEKS. 
 
 t> . ^ ('Target, 1!.17j!.4(/. 
 **•"•) staves for do. 
 
 3 3 
 
 22 10 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 6i 
 
 1 5.!. 7rf.i bolts and 
 (. nuts, 2s. l!?. 
 
 Cord. 
 Chain. 
 
 •Sufficient for the 
 annual suijply of 
 a battalion 1,000 or 
 1,200 strong, to be 
 demanded from 
 thebarrack-raaster 
 in small quantities. 
 
 i Black-board, 
 IBs. dd. ; easels, 
 11. 2s. 3d. 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 14, 6 
 
 2 4 
 
 2 9 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 19 pvithout cocks, 
 
 8 e \< 7s. Od. i cocks for 
 
 (, locks, Is. 6(7. 
 
 f Without cramp, 
 
 I tccllid. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 ft 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 6 
 
 9 
 
 The set. 
 
 Each. 
 
 The set. 
 
 Per ream. 
 
 Per quire. 
 Per bushel. 
 Per 100. 
 Each. 
 
 Per cwt. 
 
 The foregoing Articles will be in charge of the Officer-Instructor, who will deliver 
 them over to thl Quartermaster, to be returned to the Barrack-master, wheu the regi- 
 ment is about to leave the station, 
 
 E 
 
i)D 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 FOR INSPECTORS OF MUSKETRY, 
 
 Or other Officers charged loith the Supervision of the , 
 Musketry Training of the Troops, 
 
 At Home and Abroad. 
 
 1. The iuspcctors of musketry, or officers cLargcd 
 ■with the supervision of the musketry instruction, ai-e to 
 he subject to, and in communication with, the Inspector- 
 General of llusketry in all matters appertaining to their 
 peculiar duties. 
 
 2. They arc responsible that the authorized sj'stem 
 is rigidly adhered to in all its details, and they are to 
 make every arrangement for the efficient carrying out of 
 the same in the several corps within the circuit of their 
 supervision. 
 
 3. They are to he well acquainted with the facilities 
 afforded at the several militaiy posts in their districts 
 or stations for conducting the instruction. 
 
 4. Any want of ranges is to be immediately brought 
 to the notice of the general officer commanding, in order 
 that the necessary steps may be taken to procure them. 
 No ground is ever to be selected for practice which does 
 not afford a range of at least three hundred yards. 
 Ranges are to be established, when practicable, by pairs, 
 having an interval of forty or fifty yards between them. 
 
 5. When quartered where se'S'eral battalions or depots 
 are assembled, either in camp or garrison, the Inspec- 
 tors are to visit the men of each battalion under instruc- 
 tion, both at drill and practice, daily, to see the manne}' 
 in which these exercises are executed ; and they are to 
 
 E 2 
 
100 
 
 exumiue do.sel3', at least ouce a mouth, the Musketry 
 Drill and Practice Returns, to ascertain that the entries 
 therein agree with the duplicate total points of the 
 registers which record in detail the several target and 
 judging distance practices. 
 
 6. The troops stationed within a reasonable distance 
 of the place where tliey are quartered are to be visited 
 ouce a month, on which occasions they will see the men 
 both at drill and practice, and closely examine the 
 returns to ascertain their correctness. 
 
 7. The troops quartered at long distances from the 
 station where the Inspector resides are to be visited 
 ouce in every three months. 
 
 8. The Inspectors are never to leave their posts 
 without authority from the general officer commanding, 
 to whom they are to affijrd every information on the 
 subject of their special duties, and to render every 
 assistance in giving effect to their orders. They are to 
 signify to him their desire to make their j)rescribed 
 visits to out-stations, and receive his orders to do so. 
 
 9. Should the Inspectors, in their periodical visits, 
 discover any infraction of the orders on the subject of 
 musketry training, they are to report the circumstance 
 at once to the general officer commanding, and notify 
 to the Inspector-General of Musketry having done so, in 
 their next monthly report. 
 
 10. They are at once to report to the general officer 
 anything which may impede or retard the annual course, 
 and they are also to bring to the notice of officers 
 commanding battalions any want of care in keeping the 
 company musketry returns, or neglect on the part of 
 the officer or serjeant instructors, notifying having done 
 so in their next monthly report. 
 
 11. The Inspectors in their visits are to ascertain by 
 a few well-directed questions the proficiency of the men 
 in the theory of musketry, and the knowledge they 
 possess of the method of keeping their rifles in an 
 efficient condition ; on which subjects also they are 
 
a 
 
 101 
 
 to examine, ia tlie presence of llic commanding officer, 
 all men who in the yearly course obtain seven points 
 and upwards in the first class, to ascertain their eligi- 
 bility for the rewards granted to " mai-ksmen." 
 
 12. Inspectors abroad are to avail themselves of any 
 public conveyance which may offer to make their visits 
 to battalions detached from the station where they are 
 quartered. 
 
 13. They are, by the 10th of each month, to render a 
 return and report according to the prescribed Forms J 
 or K, to the general officer commanding the station, dis- 
 trict, or division, to show the progress of the musketry 
 training of the troops under their command, and to the 
 Inspector-General of Musketry. When the circuit to 
 which an Inspector is appointed embraces more than 
 one district, division, or station, the return rendered to 
 the respective general officers is only to refer to the 
 troops under their command. That rendered to the 
 Inspector-General of Musketry is to contain every regi- 
 ment and depot in the circuit of their supervision. 
 
 14. Inspectors at home are to forward the Monthly 
 Progress Returns in duplicate, with their monthly 
 return and report, to the Inspector-General of Musketry, 
 accomjianied by a memorandum detailing any and every 
 error ivhich they may have discovered therein. 
 
 15. Inspectors abroad are not to send the Monthly 
 Progress Returns to the Inspector-General of Musketry; 
 these returns are to be examined by them, and the 
 duplicates returned to the several battalions, with any 
 remarks they may call forth. 
 
 16. In their report, which is to be drawn up under 
 separate headings, viz., instruction, returns, ranges, 
 condition of the arms, &c. &c., they are to detail the 
 corps they have visited during the month for which it is 
 rendered, stating the number they found under instruc- 
 tion, as also the nature of the instruction in which 
 the men were employed, with the figure representing 
 the merit of their target and judging distance practices. 
 They will also remark on the proficiency of the men in 
 
102 
 
 the several musketiy exercises, and nolice any reports 
 they may have made dui'iiig the month. 
 
 17. Inspectors of musketry are, -when practicable, to 
 accompany the general officers of divisions, stations, ov 
 commands in their half-yearly inspections, to examine 
 the officers on the theory and practice of musketry, and 
 the system of conducting the musketry instruction of 
 recruits and drilled soldiers of their rcsjiective com- 
 panies. 
 
 By command, 
 G. A. Wetiieeall, 
 
 Adjutant-General. 
 
FOKMS, &c. 
 
105 
 
 Table showing the performances of the several Sections in Platoon 
 Skirmishing Practices. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Section, Scjuad, 
 
 or Party. 
 
 Filefirinct 
 cit 300 Yards. 
 
 Volley firing 
 at -100 Yards. 
 
 Skirmishing 
 between 400 a 200 Yards. 
 
 No. of 
 Men. 
 
 Total 
 Points 
 
 ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Ave- 
 
 rnse 
 
 Pointa. 
 
 Ko. of 
 Men. 
 
 TotiU 
 Points 
 
 ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Ave- 
 rage 
 Points. 
 
 No. of 
 Men. 
 
 Total 
 Points 
 
 ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Ave- 
 rage 
 Points. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total Men,-i 
 Points, and >■ 
 Avera£;es . . ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Recapitulation shomng the Merit of the Shooting of the Eecruits 
 exercised during the Tear. 
 
 Average Points obtauied in the 1st Period 
 Do., do. in Pile firing . . . . 
 
 Do., do. in ToUeys 
 
 Do., do. in Slcirmishiug. . 
 
 Total or) 
 ' Pigure of Merit " S 
 
 . Officer-Instructor. 
 
106 
 
 Depot 
 
 Musketry Drill and Practice Eeturn of Recruits of the above Corps 
 
 Commenced _ 
 
 PRELIMINAEY DRILLS. 
 
 s 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 K.ames of Eecniits 
 to Ije entered in tlie 
 order tbey join tlie 
 Depot or Battalion, 
 liecruit Officers 
 included. 
 
 Eank and Ifames. 
 
 
 1 II 
 
 6 q& |s Position dHu. ^s^^^^sic^? "aisy:^ 
 
 5 Drill. || 
 
 
 Zcast number of drills or exercises to be performed by each PLecmit before he is to 
 be allowed to proceed to practice ; specifying in the several columns the date 
 
 ■when performed; thus, ^f. 
 
 
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 -W.O 
 
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 i 
 
Eecatitulation of tlie Numtei 
 tered in this Keturn, and thei 
 from to 
 
 of Men en- 
 ■ distribution 
 ...18 . 
 
 Concluded Preli--) 
 minaiy Drills [■ 
 only ) 
 
 Exercised to the") 
 
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 « 
 
 j 
 
 DlSTUIBUTION. 
 
 
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 Columns to agree. 
 
 Commanding Officer. 
 Officer-Instructor. 
 
 Depot of Regiment, 
 
 bslonginij to 
 
 , Depot Battalion. 
 
 MUSKETRY DRILL 
 
 AIJD 
 
 PRACTICE RETURN 
 
 OF 
 
 RECRUITS 
 For tlie Year 
 
 Commenced. 
 Conclucled.. . 
 
 Dated at 
 
 18 
 
109 
 
 Table slio-wing the performances of the several Sections in Platoon and 
 Skinnishiug Practices. 
 
 Section, Squad, 
 or Party. 
 
 File firing. 
 
 Volley Sring. 
 
 Skirmishing. 
 
 No. of 
 Men. 
 
 Total 
 Points 
 
 Ol)- 
 
 tnined. 
 
 Ave- 
 rage 
 Points. 
 
 Total . „ 
 No. of Points ^^^: 
 Men. ^0.-^ pS. 
 
 No. of 
 Ilea. 
 
 Total 
 Points 
 
 Ol)- 
 
 tainL'd. 
 
 Ats- 
 
 r.ige 
 
 Points. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
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 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Total Men,-) 
 Pohits, and [ 
 Averages . . ) 
 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eecapitulation showing the Merit of the Shooting of the effective men of 
 the Company on the , the date to which this Eetuvn 
 
 is closed. 
 
 Average Toints obtained in the 1st Period. 
 
 Do., do. in File firing 
 
 Do., do. in Volleys 
 
 Do., do. in Skirmishing... 
 
 ToTAX or > 
 " Figure of Merit " ) 
 
 Captain No. Company. 
 
 ..Officer-Instructor. 
 
no 
 
 Company 
 
 MusKETEY Drill and Practice Eetum of the: 
 
 Commeiiced 
 
Ill 
 
 Regiment. FormB.— W. 0. No. 
 
 above Company, for the Year 18 
 
 Concluded 
 
 
 JUDGING DISTANCE PRACTICE. 
 
 liEMARKS Bbowing the date 
 and cause of becoming non- 
 eireetive,and explaining the 
 reason for the omiaaion of 
 the training of the non-ex- 
 prri«p(I men. 
 
 
 3d Period. 
 
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 eifl- 
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 Od ClHss. 
 
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 iBt Claas. 
 
 8d 
 
 Class. 
 
 2d 
 
 Class. 
 
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 Class. 
 
 2d 
 
 Class. 
 
 1st 
 
 Class. 
 
 
 Dis- 
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 i 
 
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 end of Ist Period i 
 
 Do., 2d Period... 
 Do., Dd Period... 
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 Do., Skirmishing 
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 DiSTniBUTION. 
 
 Of the numlier in Ibe 
 
 adjoining Column, 
 
 Iflumber 
 
 No.illl 
 
 
 !l ! ! 
 
 CiiToUl: 
 
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 i I 
 
 II Mil 
 
 I I 
 
 i ! 
 
 Totals. 
 
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 1 i 
 
 1 I 1 M M 1 1 
 
 * These Columns to agree. 
 
 No. 
 
 ..TJegiment. 
 Company. 
 
 MUSKETEY DUILL 
 
 Airo 
 
 PRACTICE RETURN 
 
 For the Year 
 
 18 
 
 Instruction for the Year. 
 
 Commenced 
 
 Concluded 
 
 Captain No Company. 
 
113 
 
 
 
 Registek of Target Practice. Regiment, No. Comijany. 
 Squad or Section. Period. Class. 
 
 
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 14 
 
 t, Company Instructor 
 
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 or Ojjicer 0/ Ko. Con 
 
 
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 Progress Return 
 of the 
 
 for IS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P- 
 CD 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Isl 
 
 >- 
 3 
 
121 
 
122 
 
 Regiment 
 
 Keturn of the Men now effective, -who, in the Annual Course of Rifle Practice for 
 the year 18 , obtained 7 points and upwards in shooting in the 1st Class 
 between 600 and 900 yards. 
 
 Sated at 18 . 
 
 B 
 a 
 2; 
 
 § 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 J 
 
 
 Points obtained by 
 
 each man in Target 
 
 practice in the 
 
 Points obtained by 
 
 each man in Judging 
 
 Distance in the 
 
 Remarks 
 specifying 
 who 13 the 
 best shot 
 
 of 
 Battalion, 
 
 and 
 
 best shot 
 
 of each 
 
 ComiJany. 
 
 Itiink am! Kftmes of men 
 
 efFeotive, wh') olitained 7 points 
 
 and upwards in tlie l&t Class, 
 
 to he inserted in the 
 
 order of merit. 
 
 "3 
 
 
 
 o'of 
 E-( 
 
 1st 
 Pe- 
 riod. 
 
 2i 
 Period. 
 
 3d 
 Period 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
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 Vc cevtify that this Return liafi lifien carprully compared with the HeKiste-vs of Practice, and 
 en c, i» ths Theorulical princii)lej, auU Cleaning Arms instruction, and thai they are 
 
 >'.!?.— The Inspector of Musketry, when available, is to examine the men; if not, 
 the o£Hcer-in.structor. 
 
123 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1^ 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 E 
 M 
 
 
 
 Poiatg obtained by Points obtained i^y 
 
 eaclt man in Target each man in Jndt'int.' 
 
 practice in the llistnttee in t!>e 
 
 
 Rank nnd NaHiea. 
 (condnueti.) 
 
 
 3 
 
 li 
 
 -u 
 
 1 
 
 111 
 
 1st 
 
 i;'d p 
 
 2d 
 eriod. t 
 
 M 
 eriod 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 s ° 
 
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 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 that the foregoing statements are correct ; that the men herem named were examined in our 
 eligible for the rewards as " Marksmen, " except as stated in the Remarks. 
 
 Commanding Battalion. 
 
 Insti-iictor of Musketry, 
 
 Inspector of Musketry 
 {when avatlcille). 
 
124 
 
 
 Annual Judgikg Distakc 
 
 Commenced Con 
 
 fimei 
 
 ePk 
 
 Ye 
 
 dndec 
 
 S.1 
 
 it 
 
 iCTiCE I!etuen of the above Corps for the 
 
 ar 18 
 
 I Datcdat 18 . 
 
 
 
 'eiiod. 
 
 C 
 
 2d Period. 
 
 
 'crinil. 
 
 .Numlier 
 
 of 
 
 men in cncLi 
 
 Class at 
 
 the 
 
 conclusion of 
 
 tlie 
 
 practice. 
 
 = 3 
 -?« 
 
 ''^ y^ 
 
 c 2 
 
 II 
 
 So « 
 
 = ■§" 
 « c 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 PLecvuita 
 
 JlEIdARKS. 
 
 p. 
 
 a 
 6 
 
 3d 
 
 21 
 
 Cliiss. 
 
 31 
 
 Class. C 
 
 21 l3t 
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 _ 
 
 
 
 Total St.n-i 
 nnrt Pom. a f 
 ivjiil Mi;<n C 
 AV1.T.15CS - J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pointl. 
 
 Officer Commanding. 
 
 N.ime of the best judge of distfince specifying ) 
 opposite the numliei-ofpniiitd olituiued . . . { 
 
 Officer-Instnietor. 
 
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 ? 
 
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 a 1 
 
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 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 MM 
 
 1 1 
 
 M M 1 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 Company, | 
 
 Names of the Non-Exercised Men, specifyin 
 each man's name the cause which has pre 
 being instructed. 
 
 Dated at 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 p 
 a 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -.MM 
 
 III 
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 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 Company. 
 
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 3 
 
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 3 
 
 
 i 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 pr 
 
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 Causes 
 wliich pre- 
 vented 
 instruction. 
 
 ii\ the 
 case of men 
 
 heinein 
 
 hospital, &c. 
 
 the period 
 
 to be 
 specified. 
 
 00 
 
 ft 
 
 n' (6 
 
125 
 
 !Po accompany in fripticate ilie Annuals 
 Practice Return sent to Inspector-Ge- f 
 iieral of Musketry. ) 
 
 Form JI. iK 0. No. 
 
 Regiment. 
 
 Eetcrn of Men now effective -who, in the annual course of Rifle practice for 
 the year ended 18.... obtained seven points, and upwards, in shooting in the 
 1st Class between 600 and 900 j'ards. 
 
 ]:)ated 18 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 p. 
 
 6 
 
 Regi- 
 mental 
 No. 
 
 
 
 To be filled np by the 
 Inspector-General of Musketry. 
 
 Rank and Names. 
 
 Each 
 Man to 
 receive 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 
 Officer-Instructor 
 
 Commanding Ofr.cer. 
 
 men recommended for rewards for good shooting : viz. at three 
 
 pence '" at two pence, and at one penny per diem; and the Serjeants 
 
 of W Company for the supplementary prize without pay. Submitted for 
 the approval of Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 A,PP"{ 
 
 Horse Guards, 
 18 
 
 Inspector-General of Musketry, 
 
 } 
 
J2G 
 
 a 
 
 above 
 Eewar 
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127 
 
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 >5 
 
 
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 JTunihers 
 
 in Ilospital, 
 
 in Prison, 
 
 Invalided, 
 
 Absent, and 
 
 Detached, bo as 
 
 to prevent 
 
 their being 
 
 exercised with 
 
 their respective 
 
 Companies. 
 
 \J'SJ1 
 
 
 
 
 
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 -laS ■ 
 
 •B.I9D 
 
 -HJO 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 i 
 
 .2 
 Q 
 br, 
 
 To 
 
 t3 
 S 
 "-5 
 
 Classification of the 
 
 men who hiive concluded any 
 
 of the periods ; mid the periods 
 
 in progress by the men under 
 
 Instruction on the hist day 
 
 of the month. 
 
 4 
 
 ■ssnio 
 
 in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 1>6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 -flBUIO 
 
 1 P8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 — .2 
 C4 
 
 ■ss»|0 
 
 •BSIIIO 
 
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 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 1 
 
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 -latl ppnuo.1 0T-''^i'!Ms!tu.i!3iy 
 
 ■po.iH ut;tu 
 .lad ppnno.1 oi-9u!-iH ^^iloA 
 
 ■potH 
 utiin jad ppnno.i OT- 2n (.iii !>ir^q- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S-S 5 a° i -o.S 3 
 
 ■s 11)10 
 
 151 
 
 •SiiilO 
 
 pa 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Classification of the men wh 
 
 concluded any oftlie " pe 
 
 ofpractice"hcredctfliI 
 
 since the commencement of th 
 
 Course ; and the iicriods in ) 
 
 by the men under In,strncti 
 
 the last day of the mon 
 
 
 pn 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2d 
 Period. 
 
 20 rounds 
 per man tired. 
 
 •B. li|0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •BSUlO 
 
 P5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -- 
 
 
 •BBlilO 
 PS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 Si III 
 
 c-i — 
 
 ■BSHIO 
 
 p;; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ssuio 
 PS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 -^ ■ 
 
 Hi 
 
 g|!£i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'i 
 
 1 ; 
 
 Number 
 of men who 
 hare been 
 under In- 
 struction 
 since the 
 Annual 
 Course 
 cnmnienced; 
 Kumberin 
 progress 
 ■with the 
 Practices ; 
 and Num- 
 ber in pro- 
 Kress with 
 the Prelimi- 
 nary DrUls. 
 
 •j=s-a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■Bjuijar 
 -jag 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ■■!1T0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ' ^ '^-^ ' '^^^^ '-^'^ 
 
 
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 •aajlDUJj joj aSuTia.iy itiaji^a' 
 
 •Bpjlj^\ 
 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 •paja^jUKli 
 
 jailAS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 
128 
 
 N.B.— This return 13 to be prepared montlily by Inspectors, or Officers superintending the 
 Musltetry Instruction, and to be transmitted by the 10th of the month following that to which 
 it refers ; viz., one copy to the General Officer commanding each District, Station, or Division, 
 showing the progress of the Musketry Instruction of the several Kegiments under his command j 
 and one copy containing all the Regiments under supervision, to the Inspector-General of 
 Musketry, accompanied with the Regunental Progress Eeturns in Duplicate. 
 
 O 
 
 W t? 
 
 >^ 
 
 l?s3 
 8 S 5 
 
 ■a " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 showing the pr- 
 ion in Musketr 
 3 in 
 
 TO 
 5' 
 
 5i 
 
 
 
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 •^-s 
 
 
 td 
 
 B i 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
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129 
 
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 M o , 
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 s i 
 
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 f d 
 
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 i^c.; 
 
 
 
 4E. 
 
 = Sg 
 
 I I I 
 
 •■ ^ c^ 
 
 •P. £ S 
 
 = E e ^ 
 
 
 •esi7io PS 
 
 
 
 5 I. H p^ £-c S d i: 
 
 S « S S S c c £ =>■? 2:.S 
 
 ■310 
 
 ■BJUB3r.I3g 
 
 
 joj aSutfU jo"^iiaix*a[ 
 
 •BtUOO 
 
 
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 <1 
 
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180 
 
 N.B.— 'fhis return to be prepared monthly by Inspectors or Officers superintending the 
 Musketiy Instruction, and to be transmitted by tlie 10th of the month following that to which 
 it refers ; viz., one copy to the General Olficer commanding each Station or Division, showing 
 the progress of the Jluslcetry Instruction of the troops under his command; and one copy con- 
 taining all the regiments under supervision, to the Inspector-General of Musketry — prepaid. 
 
 The uiontlily Progress Ueturns of regiments abroad are not to be forwarded to Hytlie; but 
 are to be examined by the Inspector, who is to return the duplicate copy to the regiment, 
 with any remarks it calls forth, retaining the original himself. 
 
 W tJ 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 2,s.S 
 
 I Kg" 
 
 " g ^ 
 3' 5' 
 
 O} 
 
 H 
 
 w 
 
 o 
 
 1^ 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 W 
 n 
 
 3 
 El 
 
131 
 
 Form L. 
 
 No. Compiiny. 
 
 Final classification of the Target Practice of the above Company. 
 
 
 
 No. of Points olilained. 
 
 
 
 No. of Points oWained. 
 
 
 Eattk and Names. 
 
 1st 
 Period. 
 
 2(1 
 Period. 
 
 3d 
 Period. 
 
 Bank and Names. 
 
 1st 
 Period. 
 
 2d 
 Period. 
 
 Sd 
 Period 
 
 
 S 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 1 
 
 i 3. 
 
 — o 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 
 Fired in the \st Class. 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Passes I into the 
 id Closi, id Period. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Passed into the 
 1st Class 3d Period. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Remaining in tJie 
 3d Class Sd Period. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 It£inaining in the 
 2d Class 3d Period. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dated at 
 
 Captain, No. Company. 
 
 18 
 
132 
 
 Form M. 
 
 Regiment. 
 
 Rettjen showing the extent to -wliicli the under-named men have been 
 instructed in the current year's course of Musketry Drill and Practice, and 
 ■who proceeded to join the Companies, on 18 - 
 
 Dated at 
 
 18 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 Td 
 
 Rank and Names. 
 
 il 
 
 ll 
 
 Target Practice. 
 
 Judging Distance 
 Prjictice. 
 
 Keiuabes. 
 
 No. of Points obtained in 
 
 No. of Points 
 obtained iu 
 
 
 2(1 
 Period. 
 
 3d 
 Period. 
 
 Eh 
 
 "3 
 > 
 
 .S 
 
 1 
 'XI 
 
 1 
 
 2J 
 Period. 
 
 3J 
 Period. 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
 
 1 
 
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 5 
 
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 s 
 
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 z 
 
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 — 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
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 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
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 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 .« 
 
 
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 „„ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Officer-Instructor. 
 
 Commanding Officer. 
 
g Plate 1. 
 
Plate 2. 
 
Plate 3. 
 
 Fig.l 
 
 „r 600 Y*r.05- 
 
 TRAJ&CTORV 
 
 Fig. 12. 
 
 miHiiii^^iiM^^iiii vkiiMJMUiiMtii^xi 
 
 e 2 
 
300, YDS g, 
 
 I 
 
 y 
 
 / 
 
 ISO.YDS ® «' 
 
 ,VDS <5 « 
 
 A 
 
 so. YDS ® 
 
 / I I I I i 
 
 SQUAD INS.-RUCTOBS 
 
 g> g f © " 
 
 FO.VDS^l I 
 
 lod. 
 
 \. 
 
 I50.YDS ® rf- 
 
 200. YDS ® "o 
 
 \' 
 
 300. YDS ® 
 
 Plate 4. 
 
 4S0,YDS r^ ,«:■ 
 
 SSO.YDS g@ 
 
 i i i i & 
 
 SqUAD INSTRUCTORS 
 
rLATE 0. 
 
 B 
 
 f 
 
 4- INS 
 
 \ 
 
 
 z 
 
 STIFT PAPER 
 PATTERN N?l 
 
 \ 
 
 
 "W- 
 
 
 \ 
 
 A 
 
 
 4-1- rN3 
 
 K-s/lO-i 
 
Plate 6. 
 
Plate 7. 
 
 
 » IS FEET. 
 
 N.B. — This is the smallest description of Butt that ought ever to be made, and the 
 markers must always sit on the upper banquette close to the interior slope. 
 
 Section on fhe line A.E. 
 
LONDON : 
 
 Printed by George E. Etke and William Spottistvooue, 
 
 Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 
 
 Por Her Majesty's Stationery Office.