SB 482.A5a ""'""'"'■'"'"■''"■"■>' A"""al convention. Aug. 19th, 21st, 22nd 3 1924 002 893 745 ™. PROCEEDINGS OF THE Twenty-third Annual Convention [Of the Organization] 1 % 4,> ;^^gE^^ American Institute of Park Executives AND American Park Society MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA AUGUST 19-23, 1922 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002893745 OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS Annual Convention of American Institute of Park Executives and American Park Society Held at Curtis Hotel, Minneapolis, Minn. August 19th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 1922 Compiled from the Shorthand Report of the Proceedings by Richard A. Mabby, Official Shorthand Reporter Minneapolis, Minn. Percil E. Nicholas, Assistant And from the Oflficial Records by Emmett p. Griffin, Secretary-Treasurer East St. Louis, Illinois Leslie E. Chambers, Secretary Editorial Board Minot, North Dakota Published by Parks & Recreation Minot, North Dakota Officers Elected for 1922-23 'Theodore Wibth - . . President Superintendent of Parks, Minneapolis, Minnesota 'C. H. Meeds ~ - - Vice President Engineer and Executive Officer, City Park Dept., Cincinnati, Ohio Will O. Doolittle .... Secretary-Treasurer Minot, North Dakota C. E. Chambers Director for three years Commissioner of Parks, City Hall, Toronto, Canada L. M. DeSaussure Director for three years General Superintendent of Recreation, Memphis, Tennessee Officers Holding Over W. H. Dunn Director Superintendent of Parks, Kansas City, Missouri John Meisenbacher Director Superintendent of Parks, Tulsa,, Oklahoma L. P. Jensen Director Aboriculturist Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri G. A. Parker - Director Superintendent of Parks, Hartford, Connecticut A. A. FiSK - . jTieM Secretary Executive Secretary Wisconsin Lakes and Parks Association, 373 Broadway, New Insurance Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. Will O. Doolittle - Managing Editor, Parks & Recreation Minot, North Dakota A. A. FiSK - Associate Editor, Parks & Recreation Milwaukee, Wisconsin L. P. Jensen Associate Editor, Parks. & Recreation St. Louis, Missouri OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING A meeting of the Editorial Board of the American Institute of Park Executives was held at the Curtis Hotel, Minneapolis, On Augtist 19, 1922. Present: Chairman WillO. Doolittle, 'and A. A. Fisk. Absent: L. P. Jensen. On motion of Mr. Fisk, Leslie E. Chambers was selected as secretary for the meeting. An annual report of the Board from Sep'tember 1, 1921, to August 15, 1922, was drawn up and after discussion was signed and submitted to the Executive Committee. Matters pertaining to various departments of the magazine were discussed but no action taken. There being no further business the meeting was adjourned. Signed, Leslie E. Chambers, Secretary. Approved, Will O. Doolittle, CHairmdn. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING (Condensed Report) The Executive Committee was called to order on Saturday morning, August 19th, 1922, at 10 o'clock by President HoUister, Hartford, Conn., and there being no quorum present the meeting was adjourned until 1:30 in the afternoon. Afternoon Session At 1:30 o'clock the Executive Committee was called to order by the president. The following members were present: President HoUister, Hartford, Conn.; Vice President C. A. Bossen, Minneapolis; Secretary E. P. Griffin, East St. Louis, 111. Directors: — C. A. Parker, Hartford, Conn.; Theodore Wirth, Min- neapolis; J. Meisenbacher, Tulsa, Okla.; H. W. Busch, Detroit, Mich.; W. H. Dunn, Kansas City, Mo. President H0LLiSTER:^0ur first work to be taken up is the pass- ing on the applications for membership and for affiliation. We have had one or two applications for senior membership by juniors who have been in the work five or six years. Here is the name of M. B. Kan- nowski. He has been a member of the association for five years. Mr. Bossen : — I move he be accepted as a senior fellow. Mr. Dunn: — I second the motion. The motion was carried. The secretary read a letter from Mr. Wm. C. Grassau. — 3 — Mb. Wirth: — ^I move he be advanced to senior membership. Mr. Meisenbacher: — ^I second the motion. The mptipn yas carried. ' : : . ' ' The secretary then read a letter f rom Rodowe Abeken applying for senior membership. Mr. Busch : — I move that he be accepted. Mr. Parker: — ^Let us vote on all ot them at once and get through with them. The Secretary: — I will read them all at once. The secretary reads the list: — Rodowe H. Abeken, St. Louis, Mo.; J. R. Batchelor, Duluth, Minn.; Emile Bemadet, Montreal, Que.; Louis Boeglin, Minneapolis; Clarence E. Brewer, Detroit, Mich.; Humphrey Calder, Richmond, Va.; A. E. CanniBg, St. Johns, N. F.; Harry B. Frase, Akron, Ohio; John R. Johnson, Passaic, N. J.; Arthur Leland, Newport, R. L; Alfred MacDonald, Wichita, Kans.; Louis MeCarty, Ft. Dodge, Iowa; John J. Murphy, Boston, Mass.; C. D. Tearse, Winona, Minn.; Christian Van der Voet, Jamaica Plain, Mass.; Wm. A. Welch, New York City; Jeremiah J. Triggs, Providence, R. L The Secretary: — This is all of the seniors. Mr. Bossen : — I move they be accepted. Mr. Dunn: — Seconded. The President: — ^All in favor signify by saying aye. Contra- minded no. The motion was carried. The Secrbtary: — Now these are applications for junior member- ship: Agnes Brennan, Minneapolis; Martin Frissel, Muskegon, Mich.; Campbell H. Oliver, Hibbing, Minn.; Frank Reimer, Great Falls, Mont.; Walter J. Salinger, Hibbing, Minn.; Walter F. Sunderman, Clarendon, Va.; James H. Dillon, Hartford, Conn. The Secretary: — That is all of the juniors, Mr. President. Mr. Busch: — ^I move they be accepted. Mr. Bossen: — I second the motion. The motion was carried. The Secretary: — The next on the program is sustaining member- ship in the Institute. Custer State Park Board, Lead, S. D.; New York Zoological Society, New York City; Park Board, Sioux Falls, S. D. Mr. Dunn: — I move they be accepted. The President: — Motion is made that the applications as read be passed upon for sustaining membership in the Institute. All those in favor say aye. Opposed no. The motion was carried. The Secretary: — I have here application from J. Oliver Johnson, city merchant, 1308 Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, applying for sustaining membership in the Society. Mr. Busch : — I move that he be accepted. The motion was duly seconded and carried. The Secretary : — ^Now we come to the Park Society members. — 4 — (The list of American Park Society members is published elsewhere in this record.) Mr. Busch :- — I move they be accepted. Mr. B03SEN: — I second the motion. The motion was carried. The matter of honorary memberships was then discussed and recom- mendations made to the convention. The matter of various resolutions was then discussed and recom- mendations made to the convention. Will 0. Doolittle, managing editor of Parks & Recreation, then appeared before the committee and presented the annual report of the Editorial Board. The same was discussed. It appears elsewhere in this Report. Mb. Wirth: — When do you feer like reporting further to this com- mittee? Mr. Doolittle: — I will be ready at amy time. H-as the committee considered Field Secretary Fisk's report yet? Mr. Wirth: — No. Mr. Doolittle: — It seems to me we can't talk intelligently on what we are going to do unless we take them up together-. It would be well to have Mr. Fisk's report and have us both appear before you a little later, and in the meantime have everything a little more definite. Mr. Bossen: — How would it be to let Mr. Fisk and Mr. Doolittle have the evening session today and consider, them this evening? Mr. Parker: — Can't we give up the evening to Mr. Fisk's and Mr. Doolittle's reports? ^ , Mr. Bossen: — It seems to me we ought to meet again, not later than 7 o'clock tonight. Adjourn at 5 and meet again at 7 and jStick it out. In the meantime, between now and 5 o'clock we ought -to clean everything else out of the way that needs taking care of. Mr. Parker: — Is that a motion? I will second that motion. Mr. Bossen : — I will make it a motion, yes. The motion was carried. Mr. Bossen : — It. seems to me it is up to this committee to say who the nominating committee will be to report back to the convention. Mr. Dunn : — I want to make a motion in that connection if it is in order. We have covered the country pretty well for that nominating committee. I propose John W. Duncan, of Spokane; C. L. Brock, of Houston, Texas; Hermann W. Merkel, of New York; Harold J. Neale, of New Orleans, and M. B. Kannowski, of Grand Forks, North Dakota, as the five persons to serve as a nominating committee. We have heard from them that they will be here. The President: — It is moved and seconded that these five persons be appointed to serve as a nominating committee and report at the con- vention. Any remarks? Mr. Parker : — I would like to say that, if there is any vacancy, the president shall be allowed to fill the vacancy if anyone doesn't come. Mr. Dunn: — I will accept that amendment. — 5 — The President: — Any further remarks? There being none, the motion was put and carried. The President: — There will be no further business to come before the committee at this time unless the members have something to bring up. Mb. Dunn :^Adjourn to 7 o'clock. Have you anything more, Mr. Wirth? Mr. Wirth : — I have nothing more. The committee thereupon adjourned. Saturday, Evening Session In addition to. the members of the committee there were present Field Secretary Fisk and Managing Editor Doolittle. The President: — Is the field secretary ready to report? Mr. Fisk then addressed the committee and read his annual report. The same was discussed as also the report of the Editorial Board. The secretary-treasurer,. field secretary and managing editor were instructed to make a joint report on budget for the ensuing year and present at the next meeting of the committee. The President: — The mqtioo-to adjqura is in order. Mr. IJunn: — I move we adjourn until 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. Mr. Busch : — I second the niotion. The moition was carried. Sunday Afternoon Session August 20 i 1922 The meeting was called to order at 2:00 o'clock by President Hollister. The President : — We have two more membership applications to act upon which the secretary will read. The Secretary: — We have got three: Fred R. Thomason, Super- intendent of Works, Chicago, 111.; Frank E. Wirebaugh, applying for senior membership, he is from Toledo, Ohio, and the application of Francis A. Bartlett, applying for membership in the Society. Mr. Dunn :■ — I move the applications be accepted. Mr. Busch : — I second the motion. The motion was carried. The President:— Mr. Gustaf A. Lindberg, Oak Park, wishes t<> change his membership from junior to senior membership. In some way last year his application was mixed up. He has been superintendent at Oak Park for the last nine years, and for two years secretary of the board also. He came in as secretary last year instead of superintendent and secretary, which would have made him a senior. Mb. Wirth :— I move that the transfer be allowed. Mr. Dunn: — I second the motion. The motion was carried. The President:— Gentlemen, we will have to call this an executive session and only the Executive Committee will take part here and all the spectators present who are not on that committee will wait on the outside. — 6 — Mr. President: — The sub-committee, Mr. Fisk, Mr. Doolittle and Mr. Griffin, are ready to report. We will listen to that report. Mr. Doolittle: — Mr. President, we have to submit a separate re- port here for Parks & Recreation and the field secretary has his report covering the entire three departments. We have made copies which we will pass around to the members of the committee and that will enable you to follow us. The budgets were then discussed and on motion were referred to the incoming Executive Committee. (These budgets are published else- where, under the report of the new Executive Committee.) On motion the Executive Committee then adjourned. CONVENTION OPENS The annual convention of the American Institute of Park Execu- tives and the American Park Society was opened at the Curtis Hotel, Minneapolis, Minn., at 10 a. m., Monday, August 21st, 1922, Theodore Wirth, superintendent of parks of Minneapolis, presiding. Mr. Wirth made the following opening remarks: Ladies and Gentlemen: Greetings! Considering the railroad situation of late, it is most gratifying to see so many of you present and to have so many sections of the country represented. Fourteen years ago, August 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 1908, the American Association of Park Superintendents held its tenth annual convention in the Twin Cities. Professor John F. Cowell, director of the Botanical Garden of Buffalo, New York, was president of the As- sociation, and the convention was welcomed by the Honorable James C. Haynes, mayor of our city; the Honorable Jesse E. Northrup, president of the Board of Park Commissioners; and the Honorable C. M. Loring, the father of our park system. It so happens that not one of these four leaders, friends and noble men are with us today, because they have gone to their reward, the far beyond, from which no man returns. There are many others whom we miss and who, while with us, were our wise counselors, helpful co- workers and trusted friends. They are John A. Pettigrew, our first president, Boston, Mass.; Thomas V. Welch, Niagara Falls, New York; John C. Olmsted, Brookline, Mass.; Charles E. Keith, Bridgeport, Conn.; Jackson Dawson, Jamaica Plains, Mass.; Fred Green, Providence, Rhode Island; Walter Hubbard, Meriden, Conn.; William Rober Smith, Washington, D. C; Roland Cotterill, Seattle, Washington; James Draper, Worcester, Mass.; John Berry, Denver, Colo.; and a number of other good fellow members. It is only a few months since that noble citizen of our city and venerable honorary member of our Association, the Honorable C. M. Loring, passed away. A year ago, at the ripe age of 88 years, he was still busy about our parks and his fervent wish was that he might live long enough to be with us today. Let us all rise, my friends, and stand for one minute in silent prayer and as a token of our respect and reverence for our departed friends. (The entire membership rose and stood in silence for one minute.) — 7 — At our annual meetings, we meet old friends and make "new ones. As my good -departed friend, Charley Keith of Bridgeport, said, I went to Boston without a friend and returned with seventeen"- For us who attended that meeting, this modest beginning was a great achievement. Some of us have met nearly every year' since then. Today we meet 150 strong, and we will all be friends. Let that acquaintance and friendship grow steady and strong, so that we may be willing, anxious and able to help each other in our work and our task. It seems to me that our conventions in themselves are a success as a rule, but that we have not accomplished at any time so far what on these occasions we have set out to do during the year. We must not let our aspirations cool off after we leave the convention city. We must keep at the task we have set for ourselves at these gatherings, and we must be able to deliver our goods in full measure at the next meeting. We cannot expect to grow grain unless we do the seeding, nor can we expect a good harvest, unless we cultivate. We, who have been entrusted with the privilege of arranging for this convention, are -most anxious that the second. gathering of our As- sociation in our city may be as fruitful in its results, as it is possible for such an undertaking to be. We are wishing and praying that this first convention of the American Institute of Park Executives and the American Park Society may mean the sucessful launching of our ideals for enlarged, useful public service, true to our motto — "To Make More •Abundant Facilities for a More Expressive lAfe for All." Before introducing to you the .speakers of this session, I wish to make a few explanations in regard to our park, boulevard and play- ground system, over which we expect to have the pleasure of guiding you tomprrow. There are a few outstanding features, which I consider worthy of special attention and consideration: 1. The Park System is the result of the labors of a Commission of fifteen members, over a jJeriod of 39 years (1883-1922). The Commis- sioners are elected by the people for six years, and serve without salary. Politics are an unknown quantity in the affairs of the Board. Many commissioners serve three terms, or 18 years. The Board has had but two superintendents during its existence: Mr. William Berry, my pre- decessor — 21 years; and myself — 17 years. Our secretary, Mr. J. A. Ridgway, has been in office 25 years and was commissioner for 8 years before. Our attorneys have likewise served for long terms. 2. The Park System today consists of 4,020 acres, represented in 120 different parcels of land, ranging in size from 0.03 of an acre to 681 acres. The park area comprises 1,211 acres in water area and 2 809 in land. There are 56 miles of driveways. Out of every nine acres of city area, one acre is parkland, and we have one acre of park for every 100 inhabitants. The cost of the entire system to date, in round fienres. is only $10,000,000. The value is not less than four times that amount! * 4. Our park possessions in the main, include all the natural scenic features with which God blessed our city. By the wisdom, foresight, energy and courage of our commissioners, all these features were pro- cured and preserved for the use of our people and the benefit of the city. 4. This long and persistent period of acquisition has retarded the necessary improvements, because the Board's means and powers were employed m the acquisition of properties, while they were unspoiled and within reach of limited means. '=P""ea anu 5. We just now enter a distinct period of betterment of these properties, and the Board has laid plans under which ft now seemi possible to improve at the rate of not less than $1,000,000 per ylar Ind to continue to do so until all main projects at least are completed benefit. You will find mafy miles If 1^1^^^ roadX^U poS condition. We offer no apologies for this delinquency, because we main- tain these properties within our available means, vyhich we admit are inadequate. It is one of the standing rules of the Department to keep within available appropriations, and it is many years since our books have not shown a balance at the close of the fiscal year. It now becomes my pleasant duty to introduce to you the gentlemen and -officials who have, so kindly consented to leave their own busy places of occupation, to be with us, and to bid you welcome to our city. The first speaker is a man who is as ambitious and painstaking for the welfare, advancement, rights and good name of our city, as he was for the victorious efficiency and the welfare of his famous Regiment, the 151st Field Artillery, on the Battlegrounds of far-off France. I feel greatly honored in being permitted to introduce to you our highly esteemed and honorable Mayor, Colonel George E. Leach. ADDRESS OF WELCOME By Hon. George E. Leach, Mayor of the City of Minneapolis Ladies and gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure to come here this morning ^nd welcome you to the City, of Minneapolis. I won't go into details as to the park system. You will hear that, of course, from Mr. Wirth and the other officials, but I want to say a few words about what has been accomplished in Minneapolis.. When my mother came to Min- neapolis there were only three or four houses on the other side of the river. She is still living and not a very old woman yet and this town has been built in this one generation and I challenge the world to pro- duce a similar achievement. It is a wonderful city that has grown up in one generation and these parks were the vision of some of these men, some of them still living and some. of them gone only a few years. They conceived this park system in the beginning and we owe them a great deal of credit. This is a very new country and I would like to call your attention to another incident about my mother.. The house that she was born in, it is not an old house, could not be considered an old house in any coun- try outside of Minnesota, it is Fort Snelling, where the Minnesota flows into the Mississippi. When it was built as you stood on the porch and looked across the Minnesota river all the lands you saw belonged to Louisiana and all the land across the Mississippi you saw belonged to Ohio. I mention these. things because you are apt to compare this city with much larger cities where they have had much more time to accom- plish what we have accomplished. We have sometimes radical influences in Minneapolis that we have to combat, and it is sometimes difficult and sometimes professional poli- ticians like myself have to step aside and take sides with them. There is one case where it gives me great pleasure to stand right out in front and that is when they call our attention to our superintendent of parks, who is our highest salaried official, and he should be, and I certainly congratulate Minneapolis on having the foresight to pay him more than the mayor or the other officials, because he is of infinitely greater value to the city. (Applause). They accuse him of being a czar and living in a castle at the expense of the taxpayers ; that he has a house five stories high back in the rear, (laughter) built in one of our most beautiful parks, and he certainly is a czar because these are his parks and he runs them. If you don't think so you ought to be mayor and take issue with him. (Laughter). I hope you will accomplish everything you have in your hearts to accomplish at this session. The people of Minneapolis are deeply honored that you come here and I hope your stay will be unusually pleasant, and I thank you for the personal privilege this morning to come here and greet you. (Applause). — 9 — Mr. Wirth: — ^Whfle the kind words of welcome to our city by his honor, the mayor, will leave no room for doubt in your hearts as to o^ happiness in having yon witii ns in onr city, we want yon to nnderstaad, of course, that the parks, bonlevards and playgrounds, have the first claim on your attention and observation. From the information givai you in articles in Parks & Recreation, and my explanatory remarks a little while ago, you must be aware of the fact that the people of our city and the employes of the department have a deservedly high opinion and admiration for the Board of Park Ckwnmissionars and its personneL The success of the Board of Park Commissioners is mostly due to tiie fact that there have always been leading business men in our city, ■who have given freely of their time and efforts in the service to the city. All these men have demonstrated that public work can be conducted without individual gain, and that men can be found to give valuable time and thought for public service, apart from political combinations and pre- ferments. It is now my highly esteemed privil^e and pleasure to be permitted to introduce to you the president of our Board of Park Commissioners, Mr. William H. Bovey. As the head of the principal milling firm whidi industry has made our city famods all over the world, as president of the trustees of the Dunwoody Industrial Institate, and as a leader in many other noteworthy undertakings, Mr. Bovey's time is very much in demand. He has never attempted to avoid any one of the numerous calls into the park service, and, as usual, he is on hand this morning to respond to the duties of the office which he so well represents. Mr. William H. Bovey. ADDRESS OF WELCOME By Hon. William H. Bovey, President of the Board of Park Commissioners of Minneapolis Ladies and gentlemen of the convention, I know that yon are very anxious to get at the real business of the convention so I will take just a moment. I am very glad, however, of this opportunity to be here and on behalf of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City to welcome you to our parks and park organization. I want to take this occasion to congratulate you on the work that you are engaged in. I think that the work of a park executive is not only very interesting, but in my opinion it is one of the most important in a modem city government. To take Nature as you find it in the cities and shape it to the best in- terest of the community is certainly a very important work. It may be an old weed-covered lot that you have transformed as Mr. Wirth has to a beautiful rose garden where the homebuilders get their inspirations for their homes, or it may be that you can take, as has been done, "Skinny's Old Swimming Hole" and transform it into a fine beach where the young and old can enjoy healthful bathing and find relief from the summer heat. I am sure that Minneapolis will do every- thmg m its power to make your stay a very enjoyable one, but I am equaUy certam that you will not judge of the success of this convention by such a standard, but rather by what you can take away with you frcm the intercourse with one another and the exchange of ideas- how much you can take home to better serve the community in which von reside. I smcerely hope that this convention will be a verv enjovable and profitable one. (.\pplanse). "c a %ery enjoyaoie Mr. Wirth:— When one day in March, 190S, my good friend Georee Amos Parker, then superintendent of Kenev Park. Hartford Connecti- cut, came to my office and asked me how many park superintendents there were m the country and how many of them I knewfl waffe^ position to give a satisfactory answer. I admitted, I believe tSt I knew only two: Samuel Parson of New York and George Par^r of Hartford. Brother Parker made a trip around the New England States and asked the same question of every park superintendent he came across. At his request and on his initiative, several of the New England officials met on April 6th, 1898, at the Hotel Brunswick in Boston and founded the New England Association of Park Superintendents, the parent of our present organization. No man ever worked harder and more faithfully for the welfare and the advancement of a young organiz- ation than did Mr. Parker, who served for many years as its first secre- tary and one year as its president. After six years of existence, the Association became known as the American Association of Park Super- intendents. Last year, at Detroit, the grandchild was born and christened "The American Institute of Park Executives and the Am- erican Park Society". It seems eminently fitting and proper that we should call on the father of the parent association at this time, to give his blessing to the grandchild who . has now undertaken to enter a still larger field of activity, Mr. Parker, on account of impaired health, has not been able to attend our annual meetings of late years, but his old love for the Association brought him to Detroit last year, where he again took an active part in our councils, and accepted his election to the board of directors. We are both fortunate and happy to have him with us today, and I ask him now to act as spokesman for our Associa- tion, in response to the messages of welcome delivered to us by their honors, the mayor and the president of the Park Board of our conven- tion city. Permit me to introduce to you our own George Amos Parker of Hartford, Connecticut. RESPONSE IN BEHALF OP THE INSTITUTE AND SOCIETY By Mr. G£X)RGe; Amos Parker, Superintendent of Parks of Hartford, Conn. I don't, know — you know I don't know how to talk and yet you try to get me up here to say something. I want to respond to this welcome which we have had from the mayor and from the president of the Park Board, not for myself but for you all. AU of us are glad for those who have heard the welcome and I am glad for what the mayor said. He says that Minneapolis is a new city. It is only about one generation old. Well, we are just about one generation old, not much over that, and he says you can do things by simply doing them. Now, what we are trying to do is to do things by doing them. I don't know what Mr. Wirth meant. I didn't realize he was talking about me. If he had not men- tioned my name I would not have recognized myself at all, and to be called the father and grandfather of all these people it certainly is a wonderful thing. Now I don't know why they say these are my children and grandchildren. They are a motley crew, I admit, but I sometimes wonder who the motherS^ are. They must take after the mothers, I know they do. (Laughter). They don't take after me, I am sure of that. (Laughter). Now I will not try to say any more. I wish I could. There are lots of things I could say to you if I had you opposite me in a chair. I might talk to you for half an hour — I might worry you to death and another thing which puzzles me now is, I was cau- tioned when I came here that I was appointed to this position, which I did not want, simply because I could not say anything and would leave the meeting free for you to say what you wanted to. (Applause) . Mr. Wirth: Before introducing the gentleman, who doesn't need to be introduced because everybody knows him and before turning over the meeting to the president, I want to call on one gentleman of our association, I mean our Board of Park Commissioners, who has been the longest in the service of the board. He just came in and I would like to introduce to you the gentleman who has been our secretary for — 11 — twenty-five years and. a commissioner for. eight years pre-wious, .a man who has been with our park system for thirtyr-three years, Mr. Ridgway. (Applause). ' / Mb. J. A. EidgWay, Minneapolis :— Ladies and gentlemen, as the girl said when she was spoken to about a little joint relationship, this is so sudden. (Laughter). I came in here on the side and I haven t prepared a word -to say. I will only say I^ am glad to see you all and we will try and show; you a good time while you are here. That is all. (Applause). , ,, , ^ j Mr. Wirth: — You will notice that while we have carefully denned and apportioned the time to be allowed each speaker on the program, we have set no limit on our own requirements, and have permitted our- selves to take all the time we wanted for our own purposes. In spite of the liberties so taken by us, we hope^that we have not unduly en- croached on your patience and good will! The time has now come to begin with the real business of the convention, and for that purpose I will now turn the meeting over to our esteemed president, Mr. G. H. Hollister, assistant superintendent of parks, Hartford, Connecticut. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS Fellows of The American Institute of Park Executive^ and Members of The American Park Society: This convention marks the end of the first year of our new organiz- ation. Although we have not yet accomplished as much as we desired, it has been a year of progress. We are a growing organization. Last year our active membership was nearly two hundred. This year there has already beeii received over one hundred new applications, and these secured by comparatively few members. Consider what the results would have been had we all gotten busy in our several sections of the country. Certainly, the appointment of an editorial board was a step in the right direction as admirable work has been done in getting out our of- ficial organ. Parks & Recreation. During the past year this was pub- lished bi-monthly instead of quarterly, as in former years, and is a magazine of which any organization might feel proud. It should, how- ever, become self-supporting as soon as possible. This will be sooner realized if a concentrated effort is put forth by every member to secure new subscribers. We should also furnish articles for publication and where necessary, the half-tone cuts, supplementing the articles. In cooperation only can we best serve the community, therefore it seems only fitting that our great branches of public work: parks, play- grounds and recreation centers, should be closely affiliated in order that their work shall not be duplicated. There are still in this country a great many cities and large towns where little, if any, attempt has been made to acquire parks and play- grounds or look after the leisure time of the people living in those com- munities. It IS the solemn duty of this organization to see that this condition IS remedied. It can perhaps best be accomplished by con- tinuing the work which our field secretary has been trying to do the past year, namely, the organizing of state committees which mav ulti- mately develop into branch societies of this organization There is a demand by cities and different organizations throughout the country for statistics about parks and playgrounds. It seems de- sirable we should have a Committee on Park Statistics whose duties would be to secure data and statistics from whom anyone could secure the information either thilough the magazine or by writing, to this com- mittee. - I take this opportunity to thank the several committees for the work they have done during the year, and especially the Convention Committee and its chairman, Mr. Wirth, for the excellent program which they have prepared for our profit and pleasure. George H. Hollister, President. President Hollister: — We will now listen to the roll call of the officers by the secretary. The following officers were present and responded to their names: G. H. Hollister, assistant superintendent of parks, Hartford, Conn., president; C. A. Bossen, assistant superintendent of parks, Minneapolis, vice president; Emmett P. Griffin, superintendent of parks. East St. Louis, 111., secretary-treasurer; Theodore Wirth, superintendent of parks, Minneapolis, Minn., director; Henry W. Busch, superintendent of parks, Detroit, Michigan, director; W. H. Dunn, superintendent of parks, Kansas City, Mo., director; John Meisenbacher, superintendent of parks, Tulsa, Okla., director; G. A. Parker, superintendent of parks, Hartford, Conn., director; A. A. Pisk, Chicago, 111., field secretary. L. P. Jensen, St. Louis, Mo., was absent. Secretary Griffin: — Mr. President, I hereby present certified copies of the minutes of the convention held in Detroit, Mich., and desire that they be approved. Mr. Wirth, (Minneapolis) : — I move that they be approved. Mr. Dunn, (Kansas City) : — I second the motion. The motion was carried. The Secretary: — I also hereby submit the applications for mem- bership as passed upon and recommended to this meeting by the Execu- tive Committee. I recommend that they be admitted to membership as recommended by the Executive Committee. Mr. Neale, (New Orleans) : — I move that the applications be re- ceived and the applicants.be unanimously elected and the Secretary cast one ballot. The motion was seconded and carried. ' The Secretary: — I hereby cast the unanimous ballot of the Con- vention for the applicants whose names have been read and approved. The President: — I want to take the opportunity of naming certain committees that must function during this convention. For a nominat- ing committee which has been named by the Executive Committee, I will announce John W. Duncan, chairman; Hermann W. Merkel, H. J. Neale, C. L. Brock and M. B. Kannowski. For a resolutions committee, I appoint H. W. Busch, chairman; C. H. Meeds, J. V. Burgevin. As an auditing committee, Geo. E. McKinley, W. L. Skoglund and R. L. Parker. We will now listen to the report of the secretary. 13 — ANNUAL REPORT OF SECRETARY-TREASURER, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PARK EXECUTIVES AND AMERICAN PARK SOCIETY, FOR THE YEAR 1921-1922 East St. Louis, Illinois, August 16, 1922. To the Officers and Members of The American Institute of Park Execu- tives and American Park Society, Twenty-Third Annual Session, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 19th to 26th, 1922. Gentlemen : I beg leave to submit herewith my Annual Report as Secretary- Treasurer for the fiscal year ending August 16th, 1922. Membership As per last report at Detroit convention we had a total membership of 182 to which was added at that session 26 new 'memberships. During the year we have lost three members by death: Henry T. Blake, presi- dent, board of park commissioners. New Haven, Conn.; John K. Farqu- har, landscape architect, 6 So. Market St., Boston, Mass.; and C. M. Loring, 100 Clifton Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.; 4 lapses on account of non-payment of dues; and 8 by resignation, thus leaving our net mem- bership up to this report 177, classified as follows: Senior, 126; Junior, 34; Institute Sustaining, 14; Society Sustaining, 3. In addition we have the following 7 honorary members living: John Dunbar, Rochester, N. Y. Miss Una Keith, Bridgeport, Conn. Henry F. English, New Haven, Conn. J. H. McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa. Geo. A. Parker, Hartford, Conn. Mrs. J. A. Pettigrew, Boston, Mass. Richard Power, Halifax, Nova Scotia. New Members Under this heading, I cannot help but recall our Detroit meeting, when we adopted our present Constitution and By-Laws, how every member solemnly promised to do his pro rata share in building up the organization by adding the names of new members in the various classifications as provided. With this spirit permeating the atmosphere of the Convention Hall on that day I could not help but believe we would add at least 500 new members for the Minneapolis convention. This number would indeed be small if our solemn promise had been ful- filled, as the committee of the state where we are now assembled has proven that organized help with each individual doing his pro rata part has- brought success. Success which this organization can use as a guiding star for the various other states more ably represented in numerical strength. If our membership as a whole would only put into practice some of the convention promises they would lighten the burdens of our officers and make their labors more of a pleasure intead of a disappointment. Finances At this time I want to call your attention to the detailed list of ex- penditures in this report, so that you can readily see how necessary it is to pay your dues in advance. Our By-Laws provide for this, but still — 14 — I have had to send from four to six notices to delinquent members before receiving their dues and even sarcastic replies. The present method of handling our finances is not very efficient, as it delegates the responsibilities to only a few members and at times is very trying, especially when you have obligations to meet and no funds available. It would be well to give this department considerable and serious attention at this time as in my judgment it is the most vital point to be covered in our road to success. The solution should be worked out in the most modern business method, so that our financial worries would be proportioned fairly to all. Following is a statement of our finances: Detailed List op Expenditures Emmett P, Griflfin, Secretary Expenses attending Detroit Convention $ 76.45 Emmett P. Griffin, Secretary Money paid out for Steno- graphic services during Detroit Convention 44.25 Ward County Independent Part Payment for printing Vol. 4, No. 4, July issue Parks & Recreation 578.50 A. J. Burke Cut for Letter Heads, etc., American Institute of Park Executives 5.00 Haeffner & Huegle ^ Printing 1,000 Bill Heads for Dues 6.75 The East St. Louis Daily Journal- Printing Stationery and En- velopes 20.95 The Ward County Independent Final Payment in full for Bill incurred by P. E. 1921 452.50 Will O. Doolittle Postage, P. & R. 15.27 S. G. Adams & Co. Pocket Stamp and Cut 3.50 Haeffner & Huegle Printing Membership Appli- cations 14.50 Parks & Recreation 50% Payment of dues re- ceived up to Nov. 16 in- clusive 345.00 Emmett P. Griffin, Secretary Postage and Express 20.00 Haeffner & Huegle Printing 500 copies 1922 Year Book and Roster 106.50 Clementine Wies Stenographic Services, Sept., Oct. and Nov. 25.00 Parks & Recreation 50% Payment of dues re- ceived up to Jan. 20th, 1922, inclusive 227.50 The Ward County Independent Stationery, Envelopes, for Field Secretary, A. A. Fisk 19.00 Haeffner & Huegle Printing 2,000 application blanks 28.50 Parks & Recreation 50% payment of dues re- ceived up to March 2nd, 1922, inclusive 115.00 Haeffner & Huegle Printing 1,000 Envelopes.— 7.50 Harlan P. Kelsey, Secretary Contribution to Joint Com- mittee on Horticultural Nomenclature 100.00 Parks & Recreation 50% payment of dues re- ceived up to April 5th, 1922, inclusive 100.00 — 15 — Theodore Wirth Return of dues advanced on duplicate application ot _ E. J. Phelps »•'"' Parks & Recreation —. 50fe payment o*,d«es re- ceived up to May lotn, 1922, inclusive 97.50 Parks & Recreation Amount received for Soutii Dakota's Library of Horti- . culture Sub. 1.75 Emmett P. Griffin, Secretary Salary as Secretary-Treas- urer % year, 1921-1922 12o.p0 The American City 1922 Subscription to The American City Magazine- 4.00 The Architectural Record 1922 Subscription to The Ar- chitectural Record Maga- zine 3.00 Parks & Recreation 50 Tf payment of dues re- ceived up to June 1st, 1922, inclusive 60.00 Parks & Recreation 5Q7c payment of dues re- ceived lip to June 29, 1922 65.00 Emmett P. Griffin, Secretary Postage Stamps 10.00 Parks & Recreation 509mmittee on Zoology. What is your pleasure? It was moved and seconded that the report be accepted and the mo- tion was carried. The Prjkident: — ^The chairman of the Committee on Playgrounds and Recreation is now in the room and I will ask Mr. Raymond to give his report. Mr. Raymond: — Gentlemen of The American Institute of Park Executives: — I wish to submit the following report of the work accomplished during the past year by the Playground and Recreation Committee, of the American Institute of Park Executives. This being our first year, as members of the association, and because of this fact, having a very small repre- sentation of the recreation men in our association, the committee felt that its principal function durmg the year should be to secure as large a membership as x>ossible, of the recreation executives throughout the country. With this in mind, the committee went ahead and wrote letters to every recreation executive in the United States and Canada, inviting them to become members of our association. In this letter was outlined the benefits the members and the cities represented would receive by becoming members, also the benefits the recreation movement as a whole would receive by getting into this big movement. In sending out this invitation we did not limit it to park recreation men alone. We felt that by including all of the recreation workers, whether under park control, city government or school board, we would get a larger mem- bership list, as our ideals and problems are practically the same. Mr. Fisk, field secretary of our association, has put in a great deal of time in personal mterview with these men throughout the country, and has been very successful in securing memberships. On a whole, I feel that we have been quite successful in securing memberships, as' we are a young association and have yet to prove to recreation men as a whole, the benefits they will derive by becoming part of our organization. Some work has been done by the committee in helping the Editorial De- — 20 — partment of Parks & Recreation in securing articles for the Recreation Department, and we were responsible for outlining the recreation pro- gram to be presented at this convention. In conclusion let me say that, considering the work that has been done this year, we have had a comparatively successful season, and my advice to you and your committee is that you keep everlastingly after the work of securing new members among the recreation workers. We are never going to be a worth-while organization and be able to put things across in a worth-while way, until we secure a representative membership. TjpE President: — What is your pleasure? The Secretary: — I move that the report be accepted and made a part of these minutes. The motion was seconded and carried. Mr. Wirth: — I have been requested by the local committee to an- nounce that all visiting ladies are invited to meet at 12 o'clock in the sun parlor. The ladies are anxious to give them a little outing this afternoon. We also want to announce at this time because it may be better to do so now than at the last meeting tonight, that for our outing tomorrow we have made all necessary arrangements for automobiles which will be parked on the Third Avenue side of the hotel at 8:30 A. M. and at 9:00 o'clock these cars begin to start and are going to move and we want you to be in those cars before they start to move. We expect to be able to show you our park system and take our time, and not have to drive very fast and be able to make some stops, but in order to do that we will have to make an early start, so I will now give you notice and ask you if you will kindly be ready and in the cars at 8:45. We have all kinds of cars and those who get out first most likely will get the best cars. If any of you have special friends you would like to take to sit with you, you will be able to get next to that friend if you are there in time, because especially if it is a lady there might be another gentle- man who wants to sit next to that lady and you will be left, and there will be some local ladies there that will have no gentlemen with them so there is a chance for the others. (Applause). I simply want to em- phasize. Don't think it is 9:05, but it is 9 o'clock. Mr. Ridgway: — I wish to make this announcement that if the speakers for this afternoon and tomorrow will be kind enough to give me copies of what they are going to say our papers are hungry for in- formation along that line and they will use it to good advantage. You people have had lots of experience with reporters — you cannot blame the reporters. It is almost impossible to convey just the right idea ex- temporaneously for a reporter that is taking down notes. Now if you will give us a copy of your speeches in advance, we can get a good deal better publicity. If you haven't it typewritten but have it in manuscript we will try and have it copied before or immediately after you deliver it. Be kind enough to pass those on to the desk and I will see that they are put in the proper place. The President: — The Executive Committee wishes more time before they make a report. There is a committee which I wish to appoint at — 21 — this time. Minneapolis a few months ago lost one of its greatest citizens, Mr. Loring, and it was recommended by the Executive Committee that a committee be appointed to call on Mrs. Loring and place a wreath on the grave of Mr. Loring. That committee will consist of Mr. Parker, the president and the secretary. The secretary has a resolution that he wishes to present. A MEMORIAL TO CHARLES M. LORIXG By George A. Parker A Lover of Flowers, a Lover of Trees, a Lover of Men, a Lover of aU that is good and noble, a faithful Worker in His Vineyard, Charles M. Loring ' Those whom he called Friends loved him. All who knew him re- spected hinj and those who worked with him honored him. We all bow our heads as he passes over the Great Divide, silent with grief, and yet something must be said by those who were associated with him, that our children and our children's children may honor that noble man who was a formative part of their fathers' lives. Every park man owes much to him, who as a Pioneer, blazed the trail through dense forests of iE:norance, indifference and irresponsiveness to our beautiful formative parks, guided only by the Star of Faith and Love for his FeUow Men. As a member of our Association of Park Executives of America, as a member and officer of that earlier organization, the "Outdoor Park and Art Association", as a leader of that smaller group of men who believed in parks and outdoor recreation, as a man who stood alone and plunged into that forest of unbelief, knowing the beauty of the great outdoors to the common people, as a man who stood alone touching God's Hand, we remember him, and that memory can never leave us. If s brightness wUl never grow less and will be helpful to many a man following the path he trod. We would place a Memorial Wreath of Immortelles at the foot of his Monument, the foundation of which he helped to lay, — THE PARKS OF AMERICA. The Secretary: — Mr. President I wish to make a motion that this matter be referred to the Resolutions Committee and that they report on it before the session of today is over. The President: — You have heard the reading of this resolution and the motion. Is that seconded? Mr. Duncan: I will second it. The President: — ^Motion is made and seconded that this be left to the Resolutions Committee and that they report before the close of the day. All those in favor say aye. Contra-minded no. So voted. The Secretary:— At this time I desire to call the attention of the membership to the fact that I shall be here at the old stand taking up dues after the meeting adjourns. The President:— This completes the business on hand for this ses- sion. We will meet again at 2 o'clock this afternoon. There is an op- — 22 — portunity now for some of the committees to get together if they desire. The convention at this time adjourned. Monday Afternoon August 21, 1922, 2:00 o' Clock This meeting was conducted under the auspices of the Institute. The President: — The first speaker this afternoon came prepared to exhibit 'films and the machine that we have here only handles slides, therefore, the pictures will not be shown unless we are able to get hold of a film machine. However, Major W. A. Welch of Palisades Inter- state Park will now give his talk on State and National Parks. (Applause). Major Welch then spoke on "National and State Parks" His ad- dress will appear in the September-October issue of Parks & Recrea- tion. The President: — Gentlemen, I think we have received one of the best messages that ever came before this body — the message that Major Welch has just brought. The next speaker, Mr. Turner, will open the discussion on this subject. Mr. A. M. TuBiSTEit, Secretary, Connecticut Commission of State Parks, Northfleld, Conn. : — It's always a pleasure to follow Major Welch — he leaves so little to be said. And unlike as we are, we still have one thing in common — we are both reformed civil engineers, that is, I am reformed, and the Major is partly reformed. A civil engineer usually defines himself as a man who can do for one dollar what any blame fool can do for two-^but that is frequently based on his preliminary estimate. A civil engineer, however, always does something — until he reforms — then he only dreams and talks about doing something. But if he was born a Yank he still dreams of doing something better for less money. Now when a dreamer tries to tell practical men about his dreams he has to proceed with some caution — the waves on the sea of reality are so hard and bumpy. There are many ideas about parks — are there any we can all agree on? Perhaps we may agree: That parks are not an end in themselves. That they exist only for a purpose. That the purpose has something to do with what we call recreation, and That recreation, whatever it is, always involves a change of occu- pation, a contrast of some sort. That our boasted civilization grows daily more complex and bewil- dering, we have daily testimony, and if action and reacti'on remain al- ways equal and opposite then the need for recreation must be corre- spondingly increasing. The contrast must lie between complexity and simplicity or since Nature remains about the same, we may say between the artificial and natural. If we can agree on these fundamentals, should we not give more thought to larger areas for parks? More land and less development? Should we not have more public forests and cross country trails? Should we not own our highways and make them all parkways, instead of rights of way through rubbish heaps? Should we not, give Nature a fighting chance on the roadside? And could we not in this way get more for a dollar than we have been getting? It's a far cry from Horace Bushnell to Henry Ford, though I reckon — 23 — them both good park men— but would Horace today, building on the foundation that Henry has laid, confine himself to thirty acres? Wouldn't his map cover at least a day's run? Shall we ever learn to plan cities until we do a little planning for the country? And if we divide on any of these questions, on which side are the dreamers? . i.- i. The President: — There is an opportunity now to discuss this sub- ject if anybody wants to ask questions or has anything to offfer. Dr. a. J. Chesley: — ^As the state health officer of Minnesota, I want to say you have opened up a subject here which is of greatest in- terest to all health workers. The vision that Major Welch presented educationally by his talks on the parks is absolutely wonderful. When people are surrounded by a park that is pleasing, and is different to what they have been accustomed to, they forget there are limitations and their minds wander and they get a little bit of the point of view of the engineer,' wha -was a dreamer. It is absolutely essential that there should be a certain amount of comfort connected with the camps and the parks. 'Now, Mr. Turner, speaking about Connecticut, evidently doesn't know much about Minnesota. He spoke about the highways being rubbish ;heaps, and so on. I am sorry to say that we are so young in this outdoor business that our state hasn't in any way developed its wonderful resources, — in fact we are just beginning to suspect what we have. As you go through Minnesota you will see the most wonderful vifews — long streams and lakes — ^where the ■ house faces the road and where the view is entirely in the back yard — the people did not appre- ciate what they had before them when they built. Now we have thou- sands and thousands of tourists coming into this state. They are seeing things which have been- natural to our eyes and which we did not appre- ciate before. We are becoming educated to what we have. For the benefit of the people in Minnesota the education is' a good thing in a health way. We have certain cities that take their, water supply from streams and lakes that are open to pollution and there is no authority in the state to compel the cities to protect them. When our citizens find that your travelers from other stat^ notice these things they are going to educate the people, I believe, to better sanitary standards. Now I have prepared here some very short notes, not for your benefit but for the benefit of Minnesota people, outlining a few things which every health organization has to oppose. They are the very fundamental things from a sanitary point of view, because in your development of the playgrounds and parks they are not problems to you but are great problems in Minnesota. We hope that the next legislature, excited by the wonderful tourist traffic this year, urged on by the "Ten Thousand Lakes Association," will give the State Board of Health an appropria- tion so that we will be able to protect every single tourist camp and park in the State of Minnesota in a sanitary way and make it the equal of even the Palisades Park as far as health and safety is concerned. This is one of the fundamental things that your organization can bring home to the Health Commissioners, who are passing up splendid op- portunities by having the rubbish heaps along the roadways removed — 24 — and in beautifying the natural advantages, and to take every sanitary precaution to protect the travelers. It is a great privilege to see a gathering like this and I hope you virill have a chance to see more of our state and give us ideas about what we are neglecting here along the line of your endeavors. (Great applause). Me. Merkel: — To all of you who heard Major Welch's wonderful speech I would like to say two things: I am well acquainted with Major Welch. The work done by the Palisades Interstate Park by Major Welch, the mainspring behind the work, is the most wonderful that I know of. He has brought the children out of the slums — children who were dying of rickets and tuberculosis — and has made possible girls and boys who will grow up to be better men and women. The other subject he mentioned was the accusations that have been brought against the National Parks of fostering monopolies. Some months ago our magazine published some of the charges that have beeii brought by various papers. I had always thought that someone would answer those charges who was better qualified than I. However, I wrote to various people, who, I knew, would know about them, and received a statement from the Chamber of Commerce, which had been appointed to investigate, and from one of our members, Mr. Kelsey, who was a mem- ber of the Lincoln Cub. Many of us wrote to the people engaged in these monopolies and I want to put myself on record, and I believe this con- vention ought to put itself on record, though it may be out of order, that the National Park Service at Washington, and especially the director, Mr. Mather, deserves our confidence. He deserves our support. The President: — Is there any further discussion on this subject? Mr. S. W. Rubeb, Marshalltown, Iowa: — Mr. President, is this in- formal discussion to be printed in our next issue of the Journal? It is very hard for us to get everything which is said as we would like to, and for that reason I make the inquiry if these discussions are to be pub- lished in our next Journal. The President: — I think they should be. Mr. Rubee: — I believe they ought to be. The President: — We will proceed to the next subject and speaker, "The Landscape Architect and The Park Executive," Mr. Percival Gallagher of Olmsted Brothers, Landscape Architects, Brookline, Mass. (Mr. Gallagher then addressed the convention. His address will appear in full in the September-October issue of Parks & Recreation). The President: — Mr. J. V. Burgevin, Landscape Architect of the Department of Parks of New York, N. Y., will open the discussion on this subject. (Applause). Mr. Burgevin, New York: — Ladies and gentlemen, you have heard the paper which was read by Mr. Gallagher of the Olmsted Bros., whose father was the designer of Central Park, and v/hich stands out, I dare say, throughout the monument to the Olmsted folks, the designers of You have heard news of the discussion where bodies of the City of New York wished to erect a — 25 — a park today world as a Central Park. various civic memorial arch and gardens which would contain perhaps the statues of different sculptors. Now the original design of Central Park, or the manner m which it was designed rather, was to bring the city business man to the country by a short drive. The park was not intended to be used for field sports— basebai;, football and other things. It is very unfortunate for us in the Borough of Manhattan to have it said that these encroach- ments are continually creeping in on us, but I am thankful to state that the City Charter gives me power to appoint the landscape architect for any such project. Central Park was not designed for a ballground, and the smaller parks that we have, such as Union Square, Washington Square and many others, were simply little breathing places set aside, and can't be used as playgrounds. But we have so far a few of the parks that we have had to turn into ballgrounds and playgrounds, such as the DeWitt Clinton and Thomas Jefferson, which are small breathing places as I have mentioned before. But in doing this we find that we are un- able to procure any more land in the Borough of Manhattan without enormous cost to furnish playgrounds, so consequently, we have to carry the people of the Bronx to Brooklyn, to Queens and to the Borough of Richmond. In the Borough of Manhattan we have to take care of seventeen hundred people per acre for playground facilities. I have been before the Board of Education. I have worked with the Board of Education to instruct the teachers and to give a few moments' talk to protect the parks in the Borough of Manhattan and every borough where we have to provide playgrounds. It is really lamentable that we haven't sufficient playgrounds in the City of New York, the largest city, perhaps, in the world. It is unfortunate, but those are the conditions that exist at the present time. Now, the other remarks that I wish to make are in connection with the Bronx River Parkway. You, of course, all heard and enjoyed Major Welch's talk, which was immense. Every one of you ought to let it sink into your hearts and minds and everyone ought to go to those places. He made one mistake. He said there was no hand that could re- produce the colors that he saw in those places. Now he must have been looking in another direction because that can be done. You cannot pro- duce some of the things that are there, but you can the color scheme and the plantation, even Nature does that for us. Coming along from New York to Chicago the other day I noticed, going through Ohio and Indiana, I believe, I could not tell just what exact place it was, but I noticed where the cows were grazing. They trimmed the shrubs better than the hand of a gardener could do it. It was like Nature had done all that just as he illustrated it to you, but at the same time it can be reproduced as other things can be reproduced. Now we have with us today Mr. Merkel, who was the landscape architect and designer of what is known as the Bronx River Parkway, a strip of land adjoining the Botanical Gardens and ending at the dam or reservoir. It is a piece of land that will vary in width from probably twenty feet to sixty feet and one of the most beautiful spots that you will find anywhere around New York State. This was formerly a river — 26 — known as the Bronx River and the sewage from Mount Vernon and from every other place along the river was flowing into it. They have cleaned that all up and built a beautiful park with beautiful walks — cleaned up the stream and the various parts which they are working on now are, I believe, nearly complete, oi^ will be in a short time. Now had it not been for Mr. Merkel, as a landscape architect, or this work had been done without a man who possesses that qualification of a landscape architect, this place might have been just cleaned up. Iron bridges would have been built across the stream and across the railroad which runs parallel with the Bronx River, but the bridges were re-designed by Mr. Merkel and carried out to such an extent that it is a pleasure to drive through there. So you see it is absolutely necessary for a park board to have at all times in its consultation the services of a thorough landscape architect. That landscape architect must possess the theory of design, otherwise he would be useless to a park board or to any other civic body. There is one more thing I wish to speak of and that is the wonder- ful creation of parks and playgrounds. A playground has no business to be in a park, not if you expect to keep the park as it was originally designed or intended to be, otherwise you cannot keep it. I notice here today — it is here for your vision, anyone can see it — a design I believe that was put up by Mr. Wirth I think for a playground, which is an ideal playground — a playground that is worth while, but you can't have that in Central Park or in any other park that is designed for pleasure. Those two things don't fit. It is utterly impossible to take a park that has been designed for pleasure uses and recreations, for driving through or walking through, and put a playground in there. It cannot be done without spoiling the park. (Great Applause). The President : — There is an opportunity for any one who wishes to ask questions or to comment on the talks just given. It seems to me we have got to a very interesting situation and there ought to be a good many expressions of opinion. Mr. Whitnall of Milwaukee : — Mr. Chairman, there was one point touched on which I think is very interesting and important, and which I would like to have discussed by somebody who is able. In this paper on the landscape work it referred to a fundamental idea of a park as being something beautiful. Of course, there is no question about that, but there is a question that arises — What is beautiful? — and it occurred to me a long time ago that our sense of beauty is simply an intuitive sense of those things which are good to us, which are necessary to our inborn emotions. A pond of water is beautiful to a duck and you don't have to teach the duck that that water is good for it — ^he takes to it naturally — ^his whole organization requires that water to swim in, and to that duck that pond is beautiful, and I feel that by analyzing the park if it is beautiful we will find that it is, because it contributes to our well being, and largely through physical influence. It seems to me that our whole work is the building up of environmental influences. They have their effect on us day and night. The thing that is ugly is — 27 — surely bad for us and for Nature. We are following Nature when we are building a park. If we feel that it is beautiful it is, because it is filling some want and that want is most always a physical one. A well balanced park surely has influence on the atmosphere, and I think the atmosphere that we produce is sometimes more important than the food we take into our stomachs, and I would like, Mr. Chairman, if there is someone more capable of discussing this feature of it to get up and speak. I am hungry for him. Major Welch: — We all speak of parks as beautiful gardens, existing for our satisfaction, for our driveways, for our walks, for our breathing places in great centers of population. We also speak of them as our playground for our children, the setting for our athletic doings, and we also speak of them as our great national reservations, and the beauty spots of the world. Now why shouldn't we find — somebody ought to have a brain large enough, sharp enough, to find a new word for the greater meaning of our parks. We have taken a word from Europe — the parks that were built by the monarchs of Europe, the people who had the money to spend on such things. In a democracy we cannot do those things because the democracy would not let us build monumental build- ings and great museums. They won't allow us to maintain our great music institutes throughout the country. They won't allow us to main- tain our great national art and history museums. They are maintained by the great fortunes that have been built up by individuals in this country. In Europe they were all done by the monarchs. Why can't somebody devise another name for the things that are not like Central Park, or Forest Park, or any of the other great city parks of this coun- try. They are the breathing places and beauty spots — ^the places to which men and women go when they have to for means of recreation — they want to get a glimpse of the things God made and they go to those things, they go close to them and they don't want to see anything but beautiful things, and the landscape engineer is the man who has to reproduce those beautiful things in Nature and put them into that place, and we call them parks. Now, what are we going to call the big things God made for us? Can't somebody find a name for them? (Great applause). Mr. a. a. Fisk, Chicago: — Mr. President, I have been listening with unusual interest to the description of national parks, and it seemed to me that it was a great problem which you were discussing. And it seemed to me, as I tried to visualize it, I could find a vastly different .problem in New York City. The Borough of Manhattan now is so crowded that if you acquired property it could only be acquired at a tremendous price which, for us, makes it impossible, and I imagine there is as much sincerity on the part of those people who are trying to encroach upon Central Park and to put in those recreation facilities we can give them credit for as much sincerity — as those who are trying to preserve Central Park as that great breathing spot in the center of our largest city. I rather believe that it is an obligation which devolves very naturally upon a group of men like this, that we can perhaps de- — 28 — fine in a very definite way and give very logical reasons why the condi- tion which confronts the City of New York is a condition which must be treated, not as a general problem, but as a specific problem as it relates to New York City. I think it would be a case of unpardonable van- dalism to take Central Park and divide it up into playgrounds, tennis courts, and things of that sort. On the other hand I am just as firmly convinced in my own mind, and I give it to you as my own judgment as I have studied the question, that devolving upon that park board is an equal responsibility to solve that problem. And if it means acquiring whole playgrounds at tremendous cost, well and good. But beyond all our citizenship is more important than just these physical things, beautiful as they may be, and they must contribute to making life a more abundant thing. To me happiness and contentment is a great thing to have among all men and women, and any park board that does not get this vision is living in the antediluvian ages in my judgment. (Applause) . I would say that a city — for instance the City of Minneapolis — I have been going back over the city for fifteen years I expect. I have been seven or eight times in the City of Minneapolis and I have gone' about the park system with Mr. Wirth. I was here when they joined those two lakes — Lake of the Isles and Lake Calhoun. And at that celebration here, I went down to Lake Harriet and went all about. I was impressed with two things — ^the desire to retain all that was ornate and at the same time giving these areas a recreative interpretation. And the ornate was not lost in the least. And I will say as my concept tion of that art that if it does not contribute in some way to man and to the possibilities of human life, and make life a bigger thing because it demonstrates some purpose within the cosmic being of that man it is not true art and is not true worth. Now, I know there are men here from smaller cities, maybe twenty-five thousand or ten thousand, and their problems are not the problems of Chicago,, New York or Phila- delphia, or those large cities. And I believe, too, that any discussion, or any policy or plan which might emanate from this body as a general conception of what parks are, their function and relation to the people as they should be, must be taken into consideration and discussed from the standpoint of the small towns, with the larger cities, and then going on up to the larger cosmopolitan cities, and one answer will not answer all of those questions. (Great applause). Mr. Adolph Jaenicke, Fort Wayne, Ind. : — Mr. President, in Indiana we tried for three years to buy around all of the golf clubs. Our city consists mostly of the poorer classes. There is no sentiment to be gotten out of them, in fact the greatest enemy for buying park property is the citizen himself, but I have here my experience of six years in Fort Wayne, when park property is to be acquired they stick to it like a bull dog and they won't let it go. Now, as to the playgrounds in the parks. When I came there six years ago they had two hundred and fifty acres of parks and twenty- one parks. Today we have five hundred and fifty acres in twenty-eight — 29 — parks. Now what is the general request from the citizen for play- grounds? "We want playgrounds in the parks." We had six baseball diamonds in our parks six years ago. Today we have fourteen. They demanded it. They asked: "What are the parks here for? They are not for the rich people to travel through with automobiles — the parks are our playgrounds" — is what they tell us. "We want baseball diamonds. We want tennis courts. We want all the athletic fields we can possibly have, and if you don't do that there won't be a cent spent outside of that. We will have parks, but we will have parks to build playgrounds or else we won't give you the money to build the parks." That is the idea of the smaller cities. And strange as you might think it, you can't get money out of the people without promising them that they will get playgrounds in the parks. I am a landscape architect myself. I am a son of one of the best known architects in Berlin, Germany, and I know what it means to have parks, but iij the smaller "ities it is less a question of having beautiful parks than — ^what can the working people do with the parks? (Applause). Mr. a. M. Turner, Northfield: — Mr. President, I am not a land- scape architect as you well know. It ill becomes me to say anything about the correct theory of design, but in listening to what has been said I feel called upon to remind you of a quotation from a real land- scape architect, Charles Elliot. It is hardly fair to quote a man who is not here, but he said one thing which I have remembered and I want to repeat it now. I am afraid nobody else is going to say it and I have got to. He said: "That which would be fair must be fit." Mr. Merkel: — That brings out the argument I wanted to make. One reason we have this trouble with our parks and playgrounds is that we call every, fool thing a park. We call our formal designs a park, when they should be called gardens. We call our recreation grounds parks when they should be called playgrounds. Now, a baseball park doesn't look any more like a park than I do like a cow. Mr. Fisk is mistaken. We fought that out in New Orleans and we have been fight- ing ever since. And his statement that a thing of beauty should be of utilitarian purposes is wrong. Any of us likes a beautiful oil painting but we wouldn't take it to mend a road with although it would answer the purpose, nor, as was once said before this association, we would not cut a hole in it for a stove pipe because it happened to be hanging where we wanted the stove pipe to be. That is what you are doing when you are putting a baseball park or tennis court, or playgrounds, with the ugly apparatus into a beautiful park scenery. Call it a playground if you want to, but you wouldn't, as I say, cut a hole in a beautiful oil painting because you wanted to put a stovepipe through it. You would move the paintings and in this case you must move the playground. They must either be playgrounds or beautiful parks. They must be natural parks or artifi- cial parks of stone and concrete which might wreck the design. They cannot be both because one will spoil the other. Now these great state parks, for instance the Interstate Park, are — 30 — large enough to cover all these things. You could put one hundred en- closures and automatic designs in there and not spoil the park, because you could go to the top of some hill and enjoy the pleasures of the trees and the birds and all the other things. A while ago I was looking out of my window in my cabin in tjiat park and I noticed among the black- berry bushes there were two hundred partridges wandering around the bushes to get at the berries, which they cannot refrain from picking. You can see it in many parks, but you would cease to see it very fully if you filled that park so full of playgrounds and recreation centers, and so on, fill it full of wood and vast gymnastic apparatus that there wouldn't be any room for wild scenery. You must have natural beauty in a real park. You must have some radical design in your gardens and your playgrounds must net consist of grass because as soon as those playgrounds come to be used as they ought to be used, practically day and evening, your grass will be tramped out. And the best possible pavement for your playground is not grass, because half the time it is muddy and, if it is used as it ought to be used, it will become dust and there will be no grass. The whole solution of the thing is the special selection of certain places: One for beauty, one for show and one for pleasure, and all this great talk about these smaller cities by Mr. Fisk is mostly wrong, be- cause most of them expect to grow up and a good many of them will, and the time will come when those small playgrounds will be so inade- quate that they will do away with the whole park if you will let them and you will have a playground instead of a park. Even a tree is a nuisance in a playground because the balls catch in them. You must build a playground for a playground. You can supply shade trees if you keep them away from the tennis courts, etc., but you can't have them both. And my advice to the small cities is when the land is cheap and can be bought you should buy certain places for playgrounds and have them comparatively small and well scattered throughout the areas so the citizens will not have to spend hours of walking or five cents in money, that sometimes cannot be spared, to reach them. A park should be large enough for the full enjoyment and display of Nature's beauties and that cannot be done and reach at the same time a great portion of the population because it is too expensive to build and maintain. Specialize in your parks, specialize in your playgrounds, or specialize in your gardens, well and good. Use every advantage that your park may contain there and in a small park you may be able to make a good playground that will not spoil the general design. In the Bronx Parkway I was able to find five or six places — one be- tween the hill and the railroad — one on the side of a little ravine — and another on the top of a great ash hill beside the lake — that did not in- terfere with the general design and beauty of the valley and made good playgrounds. But as a rule I believe playgrounds in parks are impossi- ble. The greatest test to my mind, and I believe most of the best men agree with me, is that the success of park design is its closeness to natural beauty, and the fence around a tennis court, and the slides and — 3:1 — whatnot, and the backstop of the diamond and grandstand are not natural beauty spots by a long shot. (Applause). Mr. C. H. Meeds, Cincinnati:^ — Mr. President, I think there is a happy medium that we can reach in connection with the parks and the playgrounds. I am luUy convinced, after a good many years of ex- perience, that there are certain parks where you can place playgrounds and some where you cannot. I have no doubt that Central Park in New York is no place for playgrounds. Neither does it require a very large park in order to have a playground in that park and not destroy the beautiful elements of the park. I call to mind that we have Beacon Park, which I suppose some of you have seen, about 190 acres. In that 190 acres there is not a single place where a playground could be located to advantage. We have another of 20 acres in which there is a play- ground which does not detract from the beauty of the park itself. So I think we can find a happy medium where we can put playgrounds in some and keep them out of some others. The gfreat thing about a play- ground is that it is not really a park proposition, but many of the cities have to use a portion of their parks and it can be done so as not to in- terfere with the rest of it. A playground should be a separate institution. It should be under the same management but in a separate location. We have found that anything less than an acre would not make a successful playground and we prefer two. And you will find that when you take one or two acres out of the center of the city you will find it is so expensive you cannot get the backing to do anything of that kind. But I am quite sure after all this discussion, and by my own experience that we can reach a happy medium where the parks and playgrounds can be united. There are parks that I know of, lots of them, where you could not put a play- ground without detracting from the beauty of the park, but there are others where you can use a small park, enclose a playg:round in it, and not mar the beauty of that park. You can get it out to one side, and I am sure that can be done. One gentleman spoke of using the parks for statues. I am unalter- ably opposed to anything of that kind. (Applause). I think it is an absolute crime for any board of park commissioners to allow any park to be used as a place to erect monuments to any man, I don't care who it is. People don't want to go to see monuments — they go for the opposite effect — and I believe that is proper and we in Cincinnati see that right along. If you want to erect memorials it should be done in one location. I don't know how other cities are doing, but I know that we are slipping away a lot of money on a lot of memorials. Every community has an idea they want a memorial for that community. We are fighting that in the parks and keeping them out as far as possible. I have an idea of what a memorial should be, but that is out of this question. I believe we can all unite on this question of placing playgrounds in parks and excluding them from other parks. I believe that the landscape archi- tects and engineers can work out those things and make them a success for us. (Applause). — 32 — Mr. Wirth: — I believe that the last speakers, Mr. Meeds and Mr. Merkel, mean the same thing, only they say it in two different ways, and I want to say that in Minneapolis we have a happy medium, for in seventy-five per cent of our smaller parks — we call them neighborhood parks — we have playgrounds. If you have ten acres of ground you can make a playground, and give it enough ornamentation so it is entitled to the name of a neighborhood or community park. The proper way tc solve the problem for a large city is to have enough of them so that no child will have to go more than half a mile. That is our aim. We expect to have one neighborhood park for every square mile of city territory and I believe we are going to bring it about. Most of these parks are from eight to ten acres. Some of them twenty. We can show you what is a very happy medium, where we have rest, recreation, and playground activities. (Applause). Mr. V. Grant Forrer, Harrisburg, Pa.: — In regard to the parks and playgrounds in the small towns I don't like to take issue with my old friend, Mr. Merkel, but we have in Harrisburg, where we have 78,000 people, and 1,100 acres of park, one park and one reservoir. In 1910 the state superintendents were there and said it was one of the best they ever saw. First of all you go into a very broad entrance and pass six finely kept up tennis courts, well kept shrubbery around them and the back space in fine shape. You turn a corner and see a reservoir of 20,000,000 gallon capacity, well fixed up with shrubbery. Before you" make the next turn you look down over a terrace where next Thursday I have arranged for 5,000 children to have a feed on this terrace. You go by there to a very beautiful fountain which cost $30,000. You pass another turn of the road where you see a nine hole golf course. You pass over the whole and come around to the other side where you will find an outdoor amphitheatre for open air concerts and where we have pageantry. From there we pass out of the park. If there is a more beautiful picture than this with the pageantry and feeding of 5,000 chil- dren, and there are no "Keep off of the grass" signs, I would like to know where you can make it in landscape gardening. (Applause). Mr. Merkel: — Of course, it is a beautiful sight to see children on the lawns and see them being fed, and nothing would please me more than to make it possible in my little enclosure of three hundred odd acres where we have over three hundred million people a year to keep off the grass. The trouble is there wouldn't be any grass to keep off in a few weeks if we did not have "Keep Off the Grass" signs. Now, is it better to have dust and mud, or is it better to have grass and keep them off it? Alongside of my residence I have a field of seven acres that they can do what they please with as long as they keep within the bounds of decency. They do not always keep there. The grass is still there be- cause it is being used only one day a week. Then we have a picnic ground which is being used by about two and a half million people, mostly children, but that is being used only a few hours a day. By continuous mowing and hoeing they are able to keep the grass on that picnic grownd {|90 a great many of the charitable or- ^— TOO ganizations of the city send their children there for a few hours a day and on regular days the sod gets a rest, and by fertilizing and continuous mowing they are able to keep it there, but to allow those children to use that park every day is a fallaey, they couldn't because they wouldn't have any lawn, and without that you wouldn't have any groundwork for your park. (Applause). The President: — We have a long program here and we will have to go on. The next speaker, Mr. Robert Pyle, president of the American Rose Society of West Grove, Pa., will speak on the subject of "Municipal Rose Gardens". (Applause). Mr. Pyle : — ^Ladies and gentlemen, I have been very much interested in this discussion, not that I have the ability to take part in it myself, nevertheless I cannot help feeling in connection with it, that I have in my hand a paper that I would much rather throw behind me and talk to you, but for the sake of accuracy there are some things that I would like to read. I would like very much to talk of playgrounds and parks so far as my ability goes, but I am afraid I could not stand it to mix up talking and reading at the same time, so I will ask you to forgive me if I read part of it. First of all I want to tell you what a privilege I consider it to speak for the rest of the society and to be able to talk to you on this subject, knowing some of you members as I do and knowing what you have done, and I feel as though the contact between our organization and yours should be closer than it has been in the past. After, a few minutes of this paper I am going to show you some slides of roses showing the different types of roses and some of the municipal gardens that have been established in this country, and some I have had the opportunity of seeing on the other side of the water. Doubtless you have all read Albert Russell's little book called "The Message to Garcia", relating a story of the Spanish-American War when President McKinley wished to secure the cooperation on a certain thing and had to send a message to General Garcia, who was somewhere back of the enemy's lines in Cuba. The message must get past diffi- culties unnumbered and unknown. President McKinley picked out the man Rouen and Garcia got the message. Now, just as President Mc- Kinley for the effectiveness of his campaign required the cooperation of General Garcia, so does the American Rose Society for the effectiveness of its campaign require the cooperation of you men behind the big guns in the American parks. (Applause). Mr. Pyle then read his paper on "Municipal Rose Gardens". This and the attending discussion by John W. Duncan of Spokane will appear in the September-October issue of Parks & Recreation. The President: — Gentlemen, the next subject is "Engineering in Park Development" by Mr. A. C. Godward of Minneapolis, Park and City Planning Engineer. (Applause). Mr. Godward: — Mr. President and ladies and gentlemen, after this trip to the wonderful land of flowers it seems too bad to take up a sub- ject like park development, yet they were constructed undoubtedly by engmeers, and maybe that engineer was able to make one dollar do the work of two. In speaking of engineers I want it to be understood that in Minnesota we take the broadest conception of the meaning of the word. We have affiliated all societies — landscape, architect, civil en- gineers, electric engineers, locomotive engineers, and all the many varieties in one federation and call them all just engineers. If the in- dividual wants to be known by some other profession that is his — 34 — privilege but they are nevertheless engineers and in treating this sub- ject we consider it in that way. Mr. Godward then gave his paper on "Engineering in Park De- velopment" which will appear in full in the September-October issue of Parks & Rbkreation. The President: — Mr. M. B. Kannowski, superintendent of parks at Grand Forks, N. D., will lead the discussion on this subject. (Applause). Mr. Kannowski: — Ladies and gentlemen, I know, it has been a long hot afternoon and I won't detain you in the discussion of this sub- ject. We see from what Mr. Godward has told us about engineering how important it has become in park development. I believe if the secretary were to take a survey of the men engaged in park work he would find that most of them have been trained in forestry and horti- culture and landscaping. Lately, however, we find men coming in with engineering training and that is becoming a feature that we will have to take into consideration. Men who study park work, and especially young men, will have to know something of engineering, and not only will they have to train themselves in gardening and the care of trees, shrubs, flowers and vines and those natural features, but they will have to have a fundamental training along engineering lines as Mr. Godward has so ably shown to you. (Great applause). Mr. a. S. Wootton, Vancouver, B. C: — Mr. President, I should like to say how much I have enjoyed the paper given by Mr. Godward. He enumerated certain classes of engineering, one I am glad to say he did not name, but if I name it I hope you won't apply it to us and that is hot air engineering. I don't know whether this hot day is due to the attendance of park men, I think otherwise because park men as a rule are not given to hot air. Previous to being engaged in park work I spent eleven years in electrical work in Esrope and Canada and while municipal work is split up into various sections it never becomes dull. If one sticks particularly to one branch, such as piping water, or sewer work, bridge or road work, it becomes monotonous. Besides the long list given by Mr. Godward I can enumerate two or three others. I came from the coast where we have tremendous timber. I visited Mr. Champion at Winnipeg and foynd that he had lots of playgrounds and no trouble at all. One of his troubles is to grow trees. One of the things that worries us is the protection of shore lines, that is a big problem with us. We have, in one of our parks a thousand acres surrounded almost by water, almost ten miles of shore line and some of it pretty rough water. Then we have the question of the sound after high water, nobody can give me much assistance on that. I mention this to show the problems we have to tackle. We are building cages for animals, dens, comfort stations, refectories, pavilions and one hundred and one things for the public. (Applause). Mr. C. a. Bossen, Minneapolis: — I want to tell you something pleasant: Thursday we are going to a cold climate, up to Hibbing, but you haven't all made your reservations of Mr. Michael, who is right — 35 — across the lobby, and I ask you to make your reservations now before you leave the hotel as we want everyone to go and I assure you you will not be bothered by the heat on the trip to Hibbing or Duluth. Mr. H. W. Busch, Detroit : — Mr. President, the committee on resolu- tions is now organized and if you have anything to presen,t I wish you would reduce it to writing and see me or see a member of the Commit- tee, just as you see fit, but not later than tomorrow morning. Any reso- lutions pertaining to any matter in which you are interested. The President: — We shall adjourn now until 7:30 o'clock this evening. MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 21, 1922 This meeting was conducted under the auspices of the Park Society. The Chairman: — The first subject on the program this evening is "The Parks and the Public. What is their Relationship?" The speaker, Mr. J. Horace McFarland, president of the American Civic Association of Harrisburg, Pa., is unable to be present. Mr. V. Grant Forrer of Harrisburg, will read the paper which he prepared. Mr. Forrer:- — -It gives a lot of pleasure to me to read this for Mr. McFarland. I had the honor to serve under him as a member of the park board for a number of years. I might say that he is the father of the Harrisburg park system, a man who has made more speeches on parks, I think, than any other person. Mr. Forrer then read Mr. McParland's paper which will appear in full in the September-October issue of Parks & Recreation. The. President: — The next speaker to lead the discussion is Mr. A. A. Pisk, field secretary of the American Institute of Park Executives. (Applause). Mr. Fisk: — Gentlemen of the convention, I think we have listened to a very able paper and I think each one of us can know that Mr. Mc- Farland has given much study to the subject and I believe, too, that he has tried to visualize exactly what this relationship which I am going to discuss between our public parks and the public really is. I am not going to take very much time. It is hot, so I want to make a few sug- gestions that I may leave with this association and that possibly we can come to a rather definite and static conclusion. This subject was discussed a little this afternoon. I think perhaps in the minds of us all there is a misconception because the proposition has been mis-stated. I believe that the relationship existing between one park and the people is not the same relationship that exists between another park even in the same city and the same people. It depends entirely on the park, its character and its size. It would be an im- possibility to lay down any general rule stating the case that this is the relationship which exists between the parks and the people. I think that is basic. It seems to me that you all have to accept that. As I go about the country I find that you are making a certain use of this park, and in a park on the outside you are making an entirely diflferent use of that park. Now if you have a large area, very mountainous and hilly, full of rustic scenery, why the topography of that park will lend itself to a certain use. Nature decrees that. Therefore, I think we will be allowed to adapt the use of the park in such a way that it might render Its maximum service in keeping with its character to the people I think we have gone astray a bit. This afternoon we tried to de- fine the term park. I feel that park is a term that is used verv care- lessly. I believe it is a misnomer. Also I believe that the same con- — 36 — fusion exists concerning the term recreation. I hold that viewing some beautiful landscape, reading a book, sitting beside some sylvan lake, is recreation, but I think that the relationship between parks is the prob- lem which comes to us, because today seventy per cent of our people are living in cities vastly greater and more congested than thirty to fifty years ago when those percentages were just reversed. We then had about seventy per cent of rural population and today we have about seventy per cent of city and urban population. The whole social scheme has changed and in the administration and construction of parks we have been compelled to meet these social conditions. We cannot prevent them. And those social changes which have come are going to continue to come. So it seems to me that this relationship which exists between parks, those normal relationships which exist today, will change and tomorrow those relationships will be different. So I say it is very diffi- cult to lay down any fast rule. I believe, however, that in the main the relationship which exists between the park system — I will not speak of any one definite park but the system — is that if you use that park so as to make that community a happier one it is one of those instruments in our hands assisted by Nature, assisted by the landscape architect, assisted by the engineer, assisted by the recreation superintendent, as- sisted by all those who are promoting those various activities of which we are a part, whether it be in music, in drama, in painting so to speak, growing trees and shrubs and flowers, painting great natural pictures, (they all mix into the natural desires and wishes of mankind) that stimulates within us that sort of dominant thing, too frequently lying there latent, but which from under stimulation and for the lack of that force we are prone to go in a wrong direction. I think many of the malconditions we find in the city today is but the evidence that that boy or girl or woman is prone to accept only those present opportunities for pleasure — some of them not wholesome. And I am convinced we are the product of our association and environment, and even with our recreation parks I am compelled to use the word and even as we play. I believe if we can throw around those grounds a touch of landscape and art that as we play under those environments it will have a very ameliorating influence on character building. I have endeavored to look on this question from every angle and I think it is a piece of vandalism to destroy the handiwork of Nature. I believe our cities have ruthlessly destroyed Nature and have received very little in return, putting it in a commercial way. More and more I saw it as I went along your city. You are laying out a country club district. You are trying to bring the country to the city and I am sure there is no greater endeavor or service needed than that. So I say, isn't it true that that relationship between our public parks and the people is a sort of composite problem and a composite question, and therefore, the answer must be a com- posite answer? It depends on the city itself, its size, its conditions, and its interests, and the problems it has to solve. And the troubles of all these institutions should be made secondary to the building of men and women. And I believe that was the great intention of the Master Architect and the Master Builder. And He put trees and flowers and shrubs here that we might use them as we became more cunning and clever and studied the various processes under which we might use them that we might minister unto ourselves. And I believe that that is the building of democracy and the final relationship between the public parks and the people. (Applause). The President: — The subject is now open for discussion or you may ask questions here. Are there any questions? As there are no questions we will go to the next subject which is "The Training of Park Executives" by Mr. Henry R. Francis, executive secretary of the Al- legany State Park Commission of New York. (Great applause). — 37 — Prof. Francis: — Mr. President, when I was asked to present the subject which has just been announced by your chairman it was my first impulse to prepare a paper. As I thought about the subject I concluded that it would be much more valuable to you if I should pre- sent a few thoughts as I stood before you and after arriving here and hearing some of the other papers and discussions which have preceded this part of your program I put down a few notes and with those- notes I am going to give you just a very informal talk. The first question that came up in my mind was — What is a park executive? Being a park executive myself and being interested in edu- cational work in addition, where we are training men to handle the problems really involved in the use of areas for recreation purposes, I could not make up my mind to satisfy myself just exactly what a park executive is. During the course of time as I thought this matter over I happened to read on the editorial page of our daily newspaper a very interesting little definition, the definition of an executive, and it ran something like this: "An executive is a man who can read the morning newspaper while the other fellows are at work." Right away I thought that was not appropriate for a park executive because a park executive who has made a success of the administration of a park is not the kind of fellow who has time to read the morning paper while the other fellow is out at work. So I could not get any help from this paper and I shall have to leave it to you what a park executive is, because if I attempted to define it I think I should have to define what a park is, and no one seemed to be able to do that as you were discussing things this afternoon. There are three things I would like to present to you, for discussion more than any other purpose. One is the working conditions under which a park executive must perform his duties. The second is some of the things that a park executive ought to be qualified to do. And third I want to tell you a little bit about the sort of work which we are doing at the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse, which institu- tion I represent in addition to representing the Allegany State Park Association. In order to put before you the first part of those three features I am going to present to you a few of the working conditions, and I am taking this from a list of working conditions which has been prepared by our department of business management in the University at Syra- cuse. And this list was made up in order to lay before the young men the general fundamental working conditions under which any sort of function is carried on. In the first place must a man deal with people or must he deal with thmgs? Of course, he must deal with people, and if a person is going into training for park executive work and follow up that work he must be the sort of man who loves to deal with people rather than with things. In the second place does the work involve thoughtful hand work or thoughtful head work? It has been my experience that executive work requires the latter. Third. Does the person work by himself or does he work with others? If a person finds pleasure, contentment and satisfaction in working alone he is not the sort of fellow who ought to train for a nark executive because he must work with others. Fourth Is it necessary for a man to like to direct others, or to follow the directions of some other person? A park executive mukt take the leadership and direct the activities of others. +v„-^if '**^'i, ^°®^ '* require rough planning or attention to detail? I s Tt'jizi SeSs i'&.r " «"" " ""' ^'«'"=«» ■ — oo — made? I think that is already answered, by some of the papers that were presented this afternoon, especially by Mr. Godward, in the paper taking up the work of park engineers. Does it require originality or imitative knack. The fact is that we are meeting problems that are entirely new. We haven't the background of a work of a similar character that has been done in any other country. Parks are fundamentally an American institution and require in- ventiveness on the part of the man training for park executive work. Is the question of doing the work an outdoor occupation or wholly an in- door occupation? In one he must direct the work of others in carrying en the work necessary, of course, and it is an outdoor occupation. Does it involve little responsibility or does it put on a man mighty responsibilities? I take it that any of you who are in park administra- tion work know it puts upon a man a great responsibility and if a man dees not find joy, contentment, and satisfaction in having placed upon him large responsibilities he ought not to train himself for park execu- tive work. Does it require slow or rapid movement from the standpoint of the characteristics of an individual? I think most of the work involved in park administration is rather of the latter type. There are times when it is rather beneficial to the individual to move a little bit slow, but on the whole movement must be rapid. Does it require regular hours of work or irregular hours of work? I think on the whole it requires regular hours of work. It is a business that ought to be done systematically and when it is done successfully it is done with regular hours of work. Does it take up a great or a little variety of work? I think that you will all agree that it takes up a large variety of work as we have already heard from someone in British Columbia. In addition to that long list of fourteen or more points that Mr. Godward presented to us there are several more of the great varieties of work and if a person likes more he is better qualified for park execu- tive work. Is there a chance for small immediate success or for large future success? I think it is rather the former. I don't know of any park, executive who has ever died disgracefully rich in confining his efforts to success in park executive work. Does it require methodical work or is it a meeting of new condi- tions? I think it requires both. Does the work require enthusiastic work? I think it does. It cer- tainly requires enthusiasm to push it through. Is it always in the same locality or does it require the individual to- move about frequently? In the case of our city parks or in any other case the territory in which one works is confined rather to a limited area. Is a strong body important or unimportant? I think for any sort of work a strong body is important. Must a person expect large pay or on the other hand is he liable to receive less but with a saving of time and effort? I think we can de- cide for the latter. If you have any young men who are desirous of going into park executive work you can find out from those young men if they possess those qualifications and desire to work under those con- ditions, and if so they are fit subjects to train for park executive work. What are some of the things that a park executive must do and must know? I think first of all he must know human nature. In work- ing with people it is absolutely essential to know the motives that cause people to do certain things. And in (»rrying on a public work of this nature certainly a person who is going to train himself for it should understand human nature. I don't suppose there is any other way of becoming acquainted with human nature than by studying the subject- — 39 — of psychology whether or not we take it up at college or in any other way as a direct study, and we certainly have to learn human nature in all of our work. Every public work requires a greater knowledge of human nature. The next point I would present is that a man should know how to build up an efficient organization. There is no park work that has ever amounted to anything in this country, or in any other, where it has been a one man job. There has been one man usually at the head of it to work out the schemes and solve the problems but he has had to sup- port him an efficient organization. And in working up an efficient organization he must have skilled, loyal assistants and I think if we train men for park executiveship that a person should understand the social value in promoting health and recreation. I think a person that is going into park executive work ought to know what is most beneficial to individuals who enjoy the facilities that are provided in the park system. I think that the social value of parks is one of the greatest things that any park executive should understand well. Along with the idea of the social value or social importance of parks comes the eco- nomic conditions which govern the park privileges and park uses. A person who makes a study of park development in a scientific way ought to know whether a certain class has a certain amount of leisure time which they can use in the park and he can provide facilities that those individuals can use. And wherever we have an efficient park system those conditions are understood by the park executive and great use made of that knowledge. I think that not only is engineering one of the technical problems involved in park administration work but I think there ought to be a certain amount of research. We don't know at the present time whether we ought to have an exact number of acres or exact number of people per acre in the city. We don't know in New York State just how many acres of state parks we ought to have. We are working on the theory at the present time that we are going to get all we can get and put it "into use in our city park system. Down at the Palisade Interstate Park where a large number of enthusiasts in state park work were gathered an attempt was made to work out a unit of how many people to one acre, or a certain number of acres, could be accommodated and nobody came very near to it from the standpoint of getting a uniform standard. Some thought it ought to be a hundred acres and some people thought it ought to be ten times that. So a large amount of research work must be done and I think that all of you men engaged in park work tonight, if you could have at your command certain facts ©f the work involved in park administration and development it would have been a great help to you in solving your problems. So a person must have certain technical knowledge in making in- vestigations cf the conditions under which parks must develop in pro- viding facilities for the people, and he ought to know something about design. He ought to know the importance of designing from the stand- point of park development. He ought to know enough about landscape designing to make use of a landscape architect's services Lots of people pose as landscape architects who are better qualified for plumbers and a park executive ought to know whether a certain individual he is going to recommend is going to do the work, consequently he must know about landscape design in order to engage those services with satisfactory results. The engineering problems have been favorably presented to you by Mr. Godward and I think that the park work in the s^^dL^r\!lTfor°yJu ''''''''' '^"^'^^'^ ''^ *« °"«-« ^' ^- --'^"^ "P for park executive work an indmdual^man or woman certatalySt to know something about the fundamental principles of finance. The next thing I think that is involved in a technical way is the laws that govern park work — whether or not it is possible to do certain things. A park executive is called upon all the time to determine whether or not a city can do a certain thing. All cities do not have an attorney at hand to decide those problems for them. I have briefly outlined to you some of the qualifications and some of the various features that are involved in the training of a park execu- tive and I think if a man is going to make it his life work that nothing short of a college course should be undertaken. I believe the thing to do would be to take a college course in the academic college and specialize for two or three years, devoting, say seven years of academic training to the problems that are involved in the fundamental background before he gets out into the field and then serve his apprenticeship. I don't suppose the recompense for park executive work in the near future would warrant such an intensive and elaborate training but certainly the big problem which is bound up every minute as time goes on will be more closely associated with park development and would warrant the paying of enough money to a man to devote sufficient time to training himself for the problem. If a railroad executive can command a salary of twenty to fifty thousand dollars I think the park executive could command fifteen thousand dollars. You men have it in your power to work the recompense of a park executive up to that point. If we can educate the public to understand it is a real job and requires talent enough to pay fifteen thousand dollars a year we are going to attract men to train themselves properly for this problem. The third thing which I want to speak about is just a brief outline of the work we are doing at the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Nine or ten years ago there was established at the Syracuse University the state institution for the training of men for the forestry extension. As time went on we found that forestry extension involved much more than the caring for trees as timber — -it involved a certain amount of training in the handling of those lands and a home for fish and game — it involved the recreative uses to which our public forests are being put in after years to a great extent — and many other questions. So in working the problem of educational work for the extension of forestry we found it advisable to establish a depart- ment of forest recreation, devoting the time of this department to the question of establishing big forest, areas in order to secure for the public recreation uses. Our forests are probably the greatest play- grounds when we come to consider the real recreation results that are secured. We get closer to Nature and closer to primitive conditions under which we came up from the lower species and we people go by the millions into our forests to secure that type of recreation. So in working up our department of forest recreation we had to find the work which had been carried on by our city parks and attempt to find the fundamental principles that have underlaid the solution of problems in the city parks, county parks, state parks and national parks. So we have built up these courses and attempted to train men for the oppor- tunity of forestry that has to do with recreation and if you have no better institution to direct men who wish to study for park executives I believe you can make a beginning through this department which we have already organized for park work in the forests. (Great applause). The President : — In the absence of Mr. Jensen, Mr. Harold J. Neale of New Orleans will lead the discussion on this subject. Mr. Neale: — Mr. President, I believe we will get a new idea of what the training of a park executive requires from Mr. Francis' talk and I agree with him on all but one statement that he made. He said — 41 — the park executives had regular hours rather than irregular. I don't believe he has been a park executive long enough to learn that part of the game, but I think the matter of education— this is an age of educa- tion and the arts and sciences are driving all the younger men out, or a good many of them, and I believe that this Institute could do no better than to appoint a committee to investigate the courses that would be required and present them to the different colleges for the training of park executives. I don't know as I agree with the speaker that it would take seven years. I believe that a four year course and three years in the field would fit a man so that he would get along much better. I don't believe that there is a man in the room but what at some time or other, whether he had a college training or worked up in the field, but what wished he had some smattering of some sort of the sciences or languages what- ever make it might be. The other day a man said he missed engineering and wished he had taken a course in engineering vsrith the subject of training the park executives. It might be that for a while we would not be able to get the younger men to go to college. I think there is some training we can do ourselves. Our magazine "Pakks & Recrea- tion" is a wonderful medium and if the young men who are interested in park work will read the. magazine there might be a suggestion in some of the larger departments for them, and if you would get the employes together and discuss the articles in "Parks & Recreation" it might induce them to do more studying, and Mr. Godward's suggestion that he was preparing a book, if he can get that prepared that will be another medium we can work on to train our own men. I don't know whether the field of the correspondence school would help or not, but at any rate we need to educate the public and we need to get the younger generation interested in park work and get them to take a course of training. They cannot expect to have it all at once, but if they know how to put their hands on the information that they want on certain lines whether landscape engineering, or horticulture, or agriculture, or what not, if they know where to place their hands on literature pertain- ing to that subject, that is what the park executive really has to do. He has to know whether the engineer is doing his work or not. If he en- gages a plumber he has to know whether he is doing his work or not. We don't specialize in any one field. I don't know of any work in any of the vocations that is broader than park work. This is not the time for a resolution, but I am going to propose a resolution that a committee be appointed to investigate the matter thoroughly and I believe if we all put our shoulders to the wheel and help on it we will start some kind of program that will induce boys to get into park executive work. (Applause) . Mr. Wootton: — I should like to second that resolution. That is a matter in which I am very deeply interested. In considering the train- ing of young men in park work I think we should first inquire what abilities we require in a park executive. First, he should be a good organizer. Second, he should know thoroughly one section of park work. I don't think we could expect a man to know all. There seems — 42 — to be three main divisions of park work. First, horticulture and forestry. Second, engineering. He must know thoroughly one of the first two, either horticulture and forestry or engineering. The third he can pick up as he goes along. I should like to hear this subject thoroughly thrashed out because I have strongly considered starting in a boy of my own and I have thought of putting him into the university and during the summer vacation taking him with me and afterwards work- ing on to the other sections as well as possible, but I could not hope to make him a first class man in agriculture in addition. Mr. Wirth : — When I asked Mr. Francis to speak on that subject T was in hopes it would bring out such a discussion. I am heartily in favor of what Mr. Neale has said. A good many universities now have those courses. I think those professors can tell better than we can what kind of courses they ought to have to produce park executives. One is sure Mr. Francis said the right thing in stating that a park executive is not a man who reads his paper while the other people work. He has got to earn his money while the other people sleep. (Applause). Mr. Ridgway: — I was greatly interested in this paper and I am delighted that I came here tonight to hear Mr. Francis' talk. There is one feature of it that I think he has overlooked a little bit. His talk runs along the line entirely of outside executives. A good many park commissions, especially in Minneapolis, have an executive secretary, I happen to be that executive secretary and I have had the fortune or misfortune to fill that office for twenty-five years or more. I have had a good deal of experience and I want to speak of that experience a little bit. To be a secretary one has got to be a diplomat. He has got to meet the commissioners and he has got to meet the people. The people con- stantly come to my office and they raise the very roof with their pro- tests against taxation, and we have to train ourselves to meet those people and make them feel it is all right. If the taxes are beyond their ability to pay we tell them they will be higher next year so they will feel good to think they are not so high this year. Now I did not train myself for a park secretary. I have been trained. (Laughter). I think we ought to add to that feature that has been talked about, a feature of finance so the man can meet the people. I believe the people of this city have been taxed to the limit and they are wilRng to pay the taxes and some more. They are an awful good bunch when you get next to them, if they see they are getting their money's worth and they will come across every time. Now, I want to say a word about commissioners. During my ad- ministration I have had a hundred and. fourteen different commissioners to work for and it is some job I tell you. (Laughter). When you come to train your young men, and I have got a man coming to take my place as old as some of you men here, Mr. Parker, he looks older than I am but he is not any older. He is going to take my place. Now he has been trained up to fill that position and I think it is important — ^not im- portant, I won't say that, but the executive on the outside has got to be a man who can keep his eyes on the workmen and see that everything — 43 — goes on all right. He has got to have support from the office and have things running smooth there. And that feature of the thing ought to be included in your education of park executives. The ordinary sug- gestion to have bookkeepers doesn't fill the bill. He has got to be more than that. (Applause). Mr. C. p. Connell, Nashville: — I would like to ask the men who are park society men what the general impression is of men who come to them who have had a thorough training in civil engineering work, or mechanical engineering or things of that sort? A man who has gone through an engineering college and has sound fundamental training and has been taught economy and conservation of natural resources and other things. Mr. Merkel: — In my opinion a civil engineer in a public park is — well let's call it a necessary evil — I was going to use a stronger word. You have got to have them to tell how grades have to be constructed to carry a certain number of pounds. You have got to have them to tell us hsw large water pipes have to be to deliver so many gallons and so many pounds pressure at a certain point, but when the average civil engineer enters the field of park designing he invariably makes a botch of it. For five years I have been fighting civil engineers in a certain park because it is impossible for them to see any curves except circular, spirals or over- heads. He has got to be able to figure them on a piece of paper or else they are not good curves. Now the thing to keep out of the public parks is a regular curve, and those folks can't see it. The civil engineer forgets all about the design of the park and concentrates on the curves which he simply regards as an accessory to the principal part of the landscape. Isn't that true? (Laughter and applause) We must have civil engineers in public parks but notwithstanding that fact they are obnoxious. (Laughter and applause). Mr. Griffin : — I come from the engineers' ranks myself and I have to take issue with some of the remarks. I have been superintendent of parks in East St. Louis for ten years. I have taken the place of George Keller, who has been landscape architect for various cities. I have been doing all the designing for the city improvements since I have been working there and the remarks of Mr. Merkel, that they are a nuisance, I have to admit I have to disagree with because you have got to figure it that your park superintendents are going to come from the engineer- ing ranks and the time is not very far away. (Applause). Mr. Jaenicke: — Are the forestry students requested to specialize? Mr. Francis: — In our course in forestry the first two years each man takes the work which is laid out for him. At the beginning of the third year he is given an opportunity to specialize and he can specialize in various phases of forestry — in engineering for instance where he will specialize in laying out railroads and wagon roads and building dams, and those other engineering problems involved in getting out the timber from the forests. As I understand forestry, in general terms he is not a supervisor. He would become a technical man and specialize and work under a man with a forestry education. He will understand how to control the engineer. — 44 — Mr. Jaenicke: — All right. Now my son is in the forestry depart- ment on the western coast. He went four years to the Pennsylvania State College and after he was through, during the last year I was told and warned he had better specialize on entomology. He is specializing on that. I ask this question on account of what a park superintendent is going to need to be efficient. I believe in a college education, other- wise I wouldn't have a son going there, but I do not believe that a man has to go seven years to college to become a proper park superintendent. I think if he goes four years to college he has been taught to think and get the fundamentals of park supervision and park building. After- wards it is up to him. That is what I have found out. It is up to him to work himself into this job. If he isn't able to do it himself I don't think he will ever amount to anything at all. Mr. Francis: — I agree with you thoroughly. Mr. Miller: — I have been with the park department of Greater New York for forty-eight yea:f s. The last twenty-five years of that time I was the chief engineer of that department. When a man says a civil engineer is debris— well, I won't say. But an engineer in the position cf chief engineer of the park department has to cope with all kinds of work, it doesn't make any difference whether it is a bridge, tunnel, or water supply, whether it is sewerage or drainage, whether it is natural water works or reinforced concrete bulkheads or building, suitability of structure, or anything that may come into line. The landscape archi- tect in the park department in former days — I don't know what has been done in the past two or three years because I have retired after forty-eight years of service — used to prepare the designs, hand them over to the Board. The Board would send it to the engineer and say "Figure out how much it will cost and we will get the money for it." He did figure it out, prepared the drawings, the plans and specifications covering the entire work, and then the engineer assumed all responsi- bility for the further execution of the work. Now, if anything goes wrong with that work it is not up to anybody but the engineer. If it is right somebody else gets the credit. (Laughter). I want to say this in conclusion: We are a society here, as I understand it, for mutual advancement and I, using the personal pronoun, have been an engineer with a college education, with forty-eight years of experience. If there ?s anyone here that knows anything about this work, what should be done and figured, I will be very thankful to him if he will tell me how much his private lessons will be. (Applause). Mr. Francis : — I want to clear up what seems to be a misconception. I don't think it is necessary at all for a man to devote seven years to college work. I think four would be ample. I said seven years and followed it up by saying I didn't think it would be possible to attract men to give that amount of time. I think it would be admirable if he could, but I do think four years would make a fine beginning and follow it up by apprenticeship before he would be qualified to be a park execu- tive. I think a park executive has to be a bigger man than a landscape architect or a civil engineer or any one of the other things which come from the work that the park executive has to be responsible for. — 45 — Mr. W. a. Stinchcomb, Cleveland : — I suppose I ought to apologize to some of you members for being a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. (Applause and laughter). I hold no brief for the engineers. I think if there are some park executives who have come to .heir position by another route, and by reason of the experience have a feeling of disgust or disquietness or disagreement because of the con- tact they have had with a particular engineer, it is not the fault of engineers. There are a lot of square boxes in round holes in engineer- ing just as there are in park superintendents. We have listened to a discussion of the qualifications of park executives. We have heard it spoken that it is advisable he should have many years of college train- ing. There are but a handful of men here, compared with the great number in this country engaged in park work, and I wonder why there are not more, and I think that it is probably because the few who are here are in somewhat happy relationship with reference to their com- missioners and their tenure of office. If we are going to attract into the profession of park executives, and believe me the job of park execu- ve is juat as big a job as the man can make it. It is not the job that fixes the height of a man that he should be, it is the man himself. No man is too big for the job of park executive and I know that after some years of experience he has to be the diplomat that the secretary spoke about. He has to know how to meet the public. He has to interpret their interests. He has to be an engineer. He has to be an artist. He has to know how to turn all the resources that his domain possesses, for they can be botched by the least possible mistake. And that is as big a man as God makes. But if we are going to train men for that posi- tion and have them work up step by step — I have also found that it is not any regular hour job. I believe that some of the hardest work I have done in park and engineering work has been done while other people slept — if you are going to attract to that line of work men who are worth while, you have got to have back of them a better background than we have today or you will not get them there. We are not all fortunate in having had commissions like they have had in Minneapolis, who have stood back of their men, and when by reason of death they have lost their faithful servants they have gone out and got the best where they could find them and kept them here and stood back of them. In many places parks have become the football of political activities and I must apologize again, I am a member of one of the executive commit- tees of one of the prominent political parties of my city, and politicians like to get their _handa on the -paik^department. I can tell you of cities where it is the common thing for the park superintendent to change every time the mayor changes. With that situation you cannot expect to attract to the office men who should naturally go there in order to do the great work which can be done by parks. It is all very fine to train men for this work, but you have got to have back of them the feeling that the parks must not be molested by parties and politics. While it may be necessary to change the policy, those who are working out those policies must be trained executives who can be kept on the job. Other- wise you will not attract to that profession the men whom you want to — 46 — go into it. Those trained solely as landscape architects can sell their services to those who will buy them, but a man trained as a park execu- tive, and who knows the business from the letting out of the original scheme to the satisfaction of the recreation centers in his community, is not a man who can sell his services to the best advantage except to the public. And the public must be taught to appreciate them, and to say to those who would lay their hands upon it, "Hands Off". That is what I believe about the trained executive. (Great applause). Mr. Wirth: — I want to say one word. I believe in everything the last speaker has said. In Minneapolis we have absolutely no political influence or interference whatsoever. We have had a park commission since 1883 — forty years old this coming year. We are speaking about changing our charter, and I hope it will not come about, because the Minneapolis parks will never be better governed than they are under the fifteen commissioners, and I fear no contradiction to that. But let's go back to the engineers. I have had considerable ex- perience with engineers and I have had some engineers along the line of which Mr. Merkel spoke. You must not take him seriously. Mr. Merkel and Mr. Miller have been quarreling all the way coming here and they will quarrel all the way going home. I have had some engineers who did quite indifferent work. We all understand that a park en- gineer's work is different from other engineering work. I haven't had difficulty to get engineers fDr our needs. If I had I would not have been obliged to keep them. Now, Mr. Godward presented his excellent paper here today which speaks for itself. In my opinion he is one of the best park engineers we have in the country. And why is he such a good park engineer? Because he is a good civil engineer. He came right from the university, was connected with us while he was still at the university. With his ability, talent and ambition he could not help but become the efficient park engineer he is. A park executive must know enough to surround himself with able men at the head of the different branches of the service. You want able and loyal men and give them as much responsibility as you can lay on their shoulders and give them authority that corresponds with that responsibility. The President: — The next speaker is Mr. Riis who will speak on the subject of "The Preservation of Wild Life"- Mr. Uiis: — I am afraid I am not going to be very interesting after the discussion you have had here but I am gsing through with my part of it anyway. Mr. Riis then gave his paper which will appear in full in the Sep- tember-October issue of Parks & Recreation. The President: — Mr. Doolittle will continue the discussion of this subject. Mr. Doolittle: — The evening is quite late and there is nothing I can say which would add to what has been said. There are many here tonight who have come especially to hear the next speaker and I will ask to be excused. The President: — The next subject is "Zoological Gardens" by — 47 — Mr. Ed. H. Bean, Director of the Washington Park Zoo of Milwaukee, Wis. (Great applause). Mr. Bean then read his paper on "Zoological Gardens". This and the attending discussion will appear in full in the September-October issue of Parks & Receeation. On motion the meeting adjourned. Wednesday Morning Session August 2S, 1922 Wednesday morning, August 23rd, the convention was called to order by President Hollister, who announced as the first speaker Mr. F. C. Berry, of Minneapolis, former supervisor of recreation of the Board of Park Commissioners of Minneapolis. It being necessary for President Hollister to attend with the other members of the committee appointed to place a wreath upon the grave of the late C. M. Loring, of Minneapolis, Mr. K. B. Raymond of Minne- apolis acted as president pro tempore. Mr. Berry then addressed the convention on "The Trend of the Recreation Movement"- This will appear in the September-October issue of Parks & Recreation. Mr. Raymond, Chairman pro tern: — The next subject is, "The Merits of Social Dancing in a Recreation System," by Mr. E. W. John- son, superintendent of recreation, St. Paul, Minn. (Applause). Mr. Johnson: — Mr. Presideijt, this is a subject that I have heard discussed at conventions in the past few years as the dance problem. Many I have heard were against promoting municipal dances in con- nection with the reireaticn system. Others were heartily in favor of it. The chief difficulty seemed to be in the supervision of social dances. I have prepared here a very brief paper which I will read to you, after which I hope that we may have a good free and open discussion of the dance question, what it means to the public, ,what it means to the young and growing people particularly. It seems as though people are bound to dance. It is a form of amusement and recreation that is very neces- sary to their being, and not only to young people but to the older ones as well. Mr. -Johnson then gave his paper on "The Merits of Social Dancing in a Recreation System". This will appear in the Recreation Depart- ment of the September-October issue of Parks & Recreation. Mr. Raymond, Chairman pro tern: — The matter is open now for discussion if there is anybody who has ever had any experience. I would like to say a word about an experience we are having this summer in this city. Some ways I am like Mr. Merkel at the meeting the other day when he spoke of civil engineers. I can't say that I agreed with him on that, but I think that dancing is a necessary evil in our recreation. I think our peace of mind would be a little brighter and smoother possibly if we passed the goat on and didn't have munici- pal dancing, but if you are going to take care of it at all you have got to come across and give the people jazz dance and the right supervision. We have our municipal band concerts in different precincts. At River- side Park, one of our larger parks, we have two concrete tennis courts and at one of the concerts a bunch of young women and men started to — 48 — dance. They were stopped by the policeman. He had no instructions that they should be allowed to dance. Mr. Kingsley, park commissioner, was there and took it on his hands to let them try it out so the officer let them dance. Well, the outgrowth of that was that a group of the boys, I suppose from this end of town up here they would say "a bunch of roughnecks", why, they supervised the dance and kept the crowd off the tennis courts. The Board authorized them to do this. The first night they had about seven hundred. They tried a phonograph but it wouldn't work. It made too much noise on the concrete courts, so they got some boys to conduct some drums and instruments and got a kind of an orchestra together. Well, the next week they had a real orchestra with a piano and had a real good time, with about twenty-five hundred people. I have never seen a better run dance in all my life. The boys are the sponsors for the behavior of the attending crowd. The officers are not to do anything unless they cannot handle it themselves. The officers kept the crowd not dancing off the tennis courts. The fellows themselves supervised the dancing. There has been no objectionable thing yet. We have had calls from, the Women's Clubs, who would be the first to criticize it, I think, because it is their children who are dancing and it would be their idea to be conservative. They have called us up and congratulated us. One lady called up and said, "I want to dance, I have two children, I don't want to go to the common dance halls and I can't go to the better places, but that music was terrible. I think the Park Board ought to procure better music." So we have taken care of it. I think if we can run an open air dance with that crowd and make the individuals feel that they are responsible, that if they cannot supervise it right the permit will be taken away, we are doing a good thing. Next year we will have four or five of those wherever there is floor space for them. And it certainly has been a success. We have had no criticisms from the churches except a little casual talk from some individual who is not in sympathy with dancing of any sort. I don't think the dancing today is so serious as many of our people would like to have us think. I think the type of dancing we are having at the present time, the type of poise, "catch as catch can", I have heard it called, doesn't do anything but express the trend of the people at the present time. Everything is letting down. We are becoming more in- formal. We are thinking less and less of the old style of prudishness and modesty. I think they are overdoing it but I don't think it is anything to worry about. It is expressing the feeling of the people at the present time, and I think we have reached the peak of that and we are starting to go back to conservatism. I don't think the people are any worse than they ever have been. I think they are getting better. They keep dropping off a little of the old fashioned idea of what is the proper behavior. I would like to hear from any other men who have had similar experiences. I suggest that we go on with the program and then have the dis- cussion. Mr. Raymond, Chairman pro tern: — The next subject will be "Public Recreation, a Responsibility of Municipal Government," by Mr. — 49 — J. R. Batchelor, field secretary of the Playground and Recreation As- sociation of America. (Applause). Mr. J. R. Batchelor, New York: — IVfr. Chairman and gentlemen, I want to say a word regarding my official duties, which I have just taken up. I represent the Playground and Recreation Association of America as secretary, going into all the cities, meeting all the park and recreation men and telling them the things other cities are doing, not only from the standpoint of parks but other agencies carrying on muni- cipal recreation. I am very glad Mr. Berry came ahead of me because he led the van for what I want to say to you. With regard to the his- tory of this movement we are all agreed it is one of the greatest move- ments that has ever come to our country, especially on account of its wonderful growth, and I want to consider it this morning from the conditions as we find them in our cities today. The trend of the living in our cities today and the fact that the recreation movement and the work of the recreation department is the solution for the conditions we find today shows that we are living at a tremendous pace these days. I often wonder what would happen if our great grandfathers should wake up from their sleep of fifty years ago and see the way we live. The speed with which we do things. The strenuous life that Roosevelt spoke of. Flying through the air. Sailing under the sea, and the speed with which we carry on activities. It shows us we are called on to do thousands of things which we did not do in the years gone by, and in spite of the lesser hours of labor and the leisure time we are living that strenuous life. We are concentrating on business and on work that we have to do, which makes it all the more necessary for the kind of program that I want to suggest to you. This strenuous life shows two things: First of all that we have no more hours of time in which to do the things than we had fifty years ago. We have not lengthened our days and we are called upon to do these thousands of things with no more time to do them. Secondly, we have no more physical ability to carry them on than we had fifty years ago. In spite of what the Chairman said we are actually getting less. As a matter of fact medical authorities tell us it is almost impossible today to find a perfectly well man over forty-five years of age, a»d the statistics of the last draft are not very encouraging to us. I heard General Wood one day in Chicago make this statement that when the United States was called upon to do something no other nation had ever been called on to do and after the first draft when they saw the condi- tions existing in the young men they realized they had to lower the re- quirements for admission into the army for the second draft and in spite of those lowered conditions the men going into the army, thirty- five per cent of them, were turned back into our communities, not count- ing the blind, lame and the halt. That shows you the physical condition as we have it in our cities today, and that is perfectly natural from the life we are living. I am not talking to yqu in a pessimistic tone of voice, rather the opposite. I am optimistic, but it is the thing for us today to take the conditions as we find them. And we find that more and more we are getting nervous breakdowns among business men, working men and school men. There is hardly one of you who lives in any community but who can turn to some person in that community that from the stress of living has gone to pieces nervously. And they are building asylums and sanitariums, and using medical journal advertisements to warn us because of the fast life we are living. We all realize in spite of the fine conditions in our homes that life these days is a strenuous thing and it is becoming more so for the people working in factories, shops and so on. Now, with regard to the great fact of recreation. There are a great many mistaken notions about this play thing and Mr Berrv touched — 50-^ on it very nicely. There is one thing that I want to emphasize and that is that recreation is with us always. It isn't something that comes out in the summer with the sunshine and goes to sleep like the bear in the f sill, it is with us all the year around and any system of recreation should meet that all the year around leisure time program. Now our cities are growing very fast. In the very little city where I used to live, around my home there were half a dozen or more vacant places where the boys used to gather to play. Today they are gone, they are built upon, and more and more the boys have to be pushed out further and further to play. Life in the cities is drudgery. The other day I stopped in a factory in Michigan and watched a young lady who had been working at that one machine for ten years and her only purpose was to feed a piece of cardboard through a machine which bent it, creased it and put it to- gether in the shape of soda boxes. And there she was standing there like this. She put hundreds and hundreds through that machine. What was there in that work that was interesting? A few years ago I stood in the McCormick Harvester Machinery Company works where I watched one man, who they told me for twenty- five years had been doing one operation which was to take those three cornered pieces of steel which go into the grass cutter, and he pushed them through an opening to one side about half an inch and stamped them, and he did that for twenty-five years. The result was he had dis- abled himself entirely. The other day a friend of mine stood in a factory in Ohio where a girl stood at a machine and as the glasses went by she filled them with peanut butter at the rate of six thousand a day, and my friends said, "What do you think about when you are doing that?" and laughingly she said, "In the morning I marry a prince, in the afternoon we go on our honeymoon." Her imagination was all that was left of that girl, and what happens when those boys and girls get home? The thing which happens is this: The young lady goes home to supper. There is a small home with a few rooms and the father sitting there in his shirt sleeves, with his feet on the stove, smoking his pipe. The children are there. The mother is irritable and there is a noise and clutter the same as she has heard all day long and as she comes into that home there is nothing there for her to do and the only thing is to get out somewhere to some of the commercial recreation propositions to get relief from the strain of living. The best of us that are living in cities lead a dragging existence and there is more and more of the breaking down of the moral standards. Some are inclined to think we are getting better and I don't doubt it a bit. I was the other day in Cleveland while they were having a con- vention of the Social Agencies. Another thing that has come from the strenuous living and the increased growth of our cities, and the living together of thousands and thousands of people in small areas, has been the need for those social neighborhood centers. And what was the thing we found particularly in looking over the printed matter of those people? I think there is something like eight hundred in Cleveland. One hundred and eighteen alone were carrying on recreative commiini- ties. We found from seventy-five to eighty-five per cent were false because of this thing we are talking about, the wrong kind of leisure time activities. I walked through the City Hall in the city of Minneapolis and went into a lady's office and she showed her records to me, and there were com- ing in young girls at the rate of about fifty a month from all over the country. Coming to the city to get work and have a good time and see life which they thought was the great thing to be gotten here, and after finding every door shut against them, and after finding no opportuni- t-"es to enjoy life, no opportunities to meet nice people, why they per- fectly naturally took to commercial recreations and before long they — 51 — were turned back to the city and investigated and sent out to their homes. I drove through this city the other day with a recreation superin- tendent and a little boy ran across the street to get into the automobile, and not seeing another one that was coming he was hit in the h^ad and he died in a few moments with the whole of his scalp bare. And we find those things everywhere. I talked with the head of a great hospital not long ago and he showed me his statistics, I haven't them with me, but there are cities where boys andi girls have no place to go but to go right out and are easy prey. And today we see more and more the need for places for these boys and girls to be gathered together to play. A year ago last May I was called out to the St. Cloud Reformatory, in this state, a wonderful institution, beautiful walls, beautiful build- ings, complete granite, a guest of Mr. Vaseley, superintendent. And in the afternoon he called the men off early and I had an hour's play with them. In the meantime we had a community sing, and the guards were sitting in chairs with guns across their knees. We sang songs about the superintendent and there was a happy, good feeling, but when Mr. Vaseley told me there were five hundred and eighty-five young men there, a good deal younger than I am and seventy-three of them soldiers of this last war, in there from five to forty years, I said, "Tell me how many of these young men are in here because of something they did during their leisure time?" "Why," he said, "Mr. Batchelor, every single one of them. They have forged checks to meet a gambling debt. They held somebody up and robbed them to pay for games they were engaged in." And all because in our cities there was not a natural wholesome outlet for that leisure time that we ought to have in our cities. I was through our reformatory at Red Wing and I made the state- ment to Dr. Fulton. He said our records show about seventy-eight per cent of delinquency happens during the leisure time. He said practi- cally every one of the boys in that institution were in there because of things they did during their leisure time. Now there are our schools. Did you ever stop to think that our schools are closed more of the wak- ing hours of the boys and girls than they are open? They are open four to five hours a day, and boys sleep nine hours a day, and there is that other time when they are left to run alone. I have great respect for the school system. My children go to those schools and it is marve- lous the things they are teaching them. In spite of the criticism that has been heaped on the school system they are still opening up the minds of the children in a marvelous way and teaching many wonderful things, but I think you will agree with me that after a boy or girl gets out of school, hunting after their own amusements they can get into more mischief, which will damn their characters, than all the things they get in school will do them good. I was very much interested at one time in figuring out the amount of leisure time that our average people have. A lady came to our school system and spoke of the number of hours in which boys went to school, figuring that a boy is still a boy until he is twenty-one. If the boy goes through the grade and high school he has spent seventy-one days of twenty-four hours going to school. And if he goes to a preparatory school and to the university he spends one more year in school work. In other words, from the time he is a boy until he is twenty-five he will spend about two years of twenty-four hour days. And I started to figure up the number of hours in that period and took out nine hours a day for sleep, figured that they had so many hours they ought to spend at meals, and I gave them half an hour for each meal, most of us get through with it in fifteen to twenty minutes. -And I figured on the hours he ought to spend in church, figuring that most boys and girls did go to church. I figured that he spent an hour Sunday morning and an hour Sunday night and an hour to the Wednesday evening prayer meeting. After I had got all of these hours, which we would count con- structive hours in the life of the boy, I found I still had eleven hours out of the twenty-one left. When you figure that a cat is only a kitten for one-half of its life, that a dog is only a puppy for one-tenth, and a horse is only a colt for one-seventh, and compare that with the highest creation of God we find that one-third of this life of ours is absolutely allowed for the training period, for the time in which we shall learn to live, and at the end of the training period go out and grive to society the things which we have wrought into our life. In other words, to invest our character for the benefit of society. So I say there is a great pur- pose behind all of that. The greatest lessons in life are taught during this period, as Mr. Berry has said, the lesson of selfishness or unselfish- ness. The lessons of honesty and truth. And the facilities which are surrounding these boys and girls during this period of life are going to determine what that boy or girl is going to do. And I will say to you that the boy or girl who will cheat in an athletic game if they keep on doing it will cheat in the grocery business when they get into it. And those are some of the conditions which we are facing in our communi- ties these days. Now, we have our country clubs and golf clubs and training clubs. Of course those are all good and the millionaire has the greatest time in the world these days because he has them at his door. But what boy and girl can afford them? What young man and woman? They cannot g:et those things. Are we of the better class free to enjoy this leisure time and say .to the others, we have no interest in you? And I say that is just exactly where our social structure is going to be. And where it ought to be is for the boys and girls before they come to where they can enjoy their own. Years ago it was the mother's privilege to teach reading, writing and arithmetic. In those days mother play was the greatest thing in history. She taught the children- the games. But men are so busy making a living. I was talking to Mayor Prince at one time. I said, "In our communities the fathers haven't time to play with their boys." And he says, "I agree with you absolutely." He said, "I can point down this main street and show you every single establishment on this main street who today don't know where they are going to be tomorrow be- cause of the great stress of business which they are engaged in." And that is true of the lives of inen and women. I would point out to you this: That this life program is one of the most important factors of life, and it is our business, as officers of that movement to see that the people enjoy every individual proper facility and have the right kind of leadership — I don't like that word supervision. Roosevelt said once to a national organization when he was asked to take the presidency of it, "Surely I am glad to do that, but don't make the mistake of putting somebody over the children when they are playing." That is not the point at all. The point is that boys and girls do not know how to play. While they have this instinct for play they don't have the ability to organize their own play. I watched at one of our school buildings the children at recess. One or two boys started to play tag and the other six hundred children stood around the fences waiting for the bell to ring to go back to school. And I thought that was peculiar to that school, but I went to another school, and what was the result? One boy tripped over another boy and they started to chase around the grounds, and they trotted up the sidewalk waiting for the bell to ring. And I made that teacher get those boys and girls to choose their own games. And what was the result? Every boy and girl had ten minutes of vigorous play without anybody stepping on his feet because of the leadership that was put into it. One of the presidents of the richest railroad in America said to me one day. "Last night as I walked across the street I passed a little — 53 — grocery store. There was a gang of twenty-five individuals and all they were doing was cursing and swearing and telling rotten stories. You have got to do something." No, what was needed was simply leader- ship to draw out the best that was in the boys, and our system must give boys and girls so many constructive things to do they won't have time to do the wrong things, nor the desire. One man said, when we opened up a playground, to a group of business men at a distance, "You men have been talkinig about the value of this recreation work. None of you has mentioned the great result yet." He said, "When that playground was opened up — Harrison Park — in one year the prices on electric light had dropped 56 per cent be- cause it was a constructive program." Let me tell you this little incident. One of our commissioners in our eity, when I was discussing moving pictures said, "I will tell you of an instance. I have a little grandson four and a half years old. The other day he did something wrong and his mother locked him in his bed room. She turned the key and left the key in there. In a few minutes that boy was down in the kitchen with her, and she threw up her hands in holy horror. She said, 'How did you get out of that room?' 'Why,' he said, 'I took a newspaper and pushed it under the crack of the door and took one of yciur hair pins and straightened the key and pushed it out on the newspaper and got out.' She said, 'Where did you hear of that kind of thing?' He said, 'In the movies'." I want to say to you that the youngest boy in the state of Minnesota that was sent to Red Wing was only seven years of age and he was sent because nobody un- derstood him and because he was in the movies every day, and began strutting down the stteet with a revolver under each arm because he had seen that done in the movies. So I say to you that there is no more valuable thing in your municipality than the right kind of constructive program for, the leisure time of all the people all the time, the year around. (Great applause). The Chairman pro tern: — The next subject is "Municipal Ath- letics," by Mr. Raymond. I think that municipal athletics probably is the newest thing in the recreation movement, that is, in the physical end of it. We mean the conducting, not through our playgrounds organiza- tion and play, but a city wide program like baseball, football, kittenball, which is an apparatus for indoor baseball, hockey, tennis, skating, golf, and that kind of sport. I say I think it is the newest form of sport. So far our city in all the baseball played, except possibly a little played informally — the playground was a hit or miss proposition — this bunch of fellows had a nine or ten on their team and made a team and called themselves "Rough and Ready", another group called themselves the "South End", another bunch had a team and called themselves the "North End". The result was it was a conglomeration of people. There was no systematic schedule worked out. They scheduled their own games. They appointed their own umpire. They did not get proper supervision. They won a game any way that they could win a game. A game won was won whether they cheated or played on the square. That was the general trend of municipal athletics in the city. Athletics as conducted by the individuals themselves under their own control is a detriment to any city and I don't care what you say, except possibly the physical benefit they might get from playing the game itself. I think I can truthfully say that unorganized municipal athletics, not under the supervision of some responsible organization or group, are a detriment physically to the boys and to the play. I do not wish'to use the personal pronoun, but I would like to say something of our own city. I feel we can more or less talk without giving the impression that I am braggmg up our city here. I spoke of it in 1920 and Mr. Berry is re- sponsible largely for the type we have at the present time and I think it is very unique. — 54 — Minneapolis has about twenty-three hundred acres of parks and we have about twenty-five baseball teams, about ninety-five tennis courts, about twenty football fields and about one hundred kittenball fields. And we have a wonderful outdoor system, but Minneapolis has, up to the present time, only one all year recreation center and that is Logan Park. We have only one building in our city that we can conduct as a year 'round indoor program. Consequently, if we are going to do a worth while work in this city, it means that we have to put on an out- door program. We have a climate in this city that allows us to carry out every form of activity that is possible to run anywhere. Winters with lots of ice and snow, good sliding and skating and sledding. We have a summer for good swimming. We have a long baseball season and football season, and a long skating season. Our department has taken charge of that and organized every form of athletics or sport it is possible to organize from croquet up. I think at the present time I can safely say that we are carrying on here the most varied form of municipal athletics of any city in the United States. It has been a necessity with us. If we want to do a worth while work for the people we have got to go outdoors, so we are taking it outdoors. Now, our activities as organized here I feel are of the greatest benefit to the city. For one thing we have between twenty and thirty thousand people. When you figure that number of people, that means the individual from fourteen to about thirty-five or forty-five years old actually engaged in these improvements and in some support with them. They are engaged in that three to four times a week and sometimes once a week. It is benefiting the people. It is taking care of their activities, teaching them how to play and get along with their friends and neigh- bors. Teaching them to be good fellows, to take the knocks and grief in good part. Mr. Batchelor was absolutely right when he said, "If you get a young man that doesn't play square in his baseball, football, golf or tennis, it is awfully easy for him not to play square in other ways." I want to bring out these three main points why I think municipal athletics are a benefit to the community. First: It is the physical benefit that you are increasing and helping in the group you are work- ing with, large or small. Next is the moral standpoint. I don't know of any better place for the right moral training. And another thing we have to recognize in this movement is the publicity. I don't care where you get it so it is the right kind. It ig one of the most important phases of the recreation movement at the present time. Nine out of ten business men see that is a fine thing, but they don't know how good it is. They are too busy to see how good it is. We have twenty-three playgrounds in our department. There are several hundred youngsters in that department and we give a little bit of activity, but the people generally don't know or care. But I can give you some more of what you want. It is the munici- pal athletics and big pageants that we put on where you get your start to put across your program and get the good will of the people with you. You saw our baseball game yesterday. That is running three seasons of the year. Every single summer and fall you will see that place literally lousey with players and people who pass by back and forth in front of the parade ground, see the activity and they cannot help but get the right impression of what we are doing and what it means. We scheduled a baseball game for the "Twilight League". There is always a big group watching these. Always something for the neighborhood to go to. Now that doesn't have to go on very long before the people are all interested in what your department is putting out. I don't want to be egotistical but I feel safe in saying this, that nine- tenths of the good will that a board of park commissioners, or city council, or public utilities, get, nine-tenths of your good will will come from the personal contact which you are making with the group, and if you have an active, live, recreation committee that is making the proper — 55 — contact and doing the active things for the people, you can get hold of them and they will see you have solved your proposition. You have put a program across. You can work on beautiful parks and improve- ments — I am absolutely for them and I don't believe in putting a base- ball diamond in a park, I don't believe in disturbing the scenic effect, but you are not working with the individual personally, you are work- ing indirectly with him. He doesn't understand why you cannot allow him on the grass at this season of the year. It is through the personal contact of our refectory service and our playgrounds department that you receive the good will that this city has for the park board. I am going to ask Mr. Fox to speak to you. He is with the de- partment and is a big league baseball player. He knows baseball all the way. He has charge of our baseball, football and hockey. Those are his three big jobs and they are big enough to keep him on the job all the time. I will ask him to tell you how he handles those three sports to make them self-supporting and worth while in the community. (Applause). / Mr. Fox, Minneapolis: — I want to express my appreciation in al- lowing me a voice in regard to the development of municipal athletics. You are here primarily, of course, for passive and active recreation. You are all interested in floriculture and the development of the park system, the trees, etc. You are also interested in the question of recre- ation. We must prepare a place for the children in order that their usefulness may be enhanced and that they may grow up to be sound men and women. There is nothing, in my humble estimation, to advance that activity so well as our athletic program. We have been fortunate in having a man of Mr. Wirth's calibre and a board of park commis- sioners to help us in our work and to enable us to promote our own activities according to our own ideas. But it has for a subject the de- velopment of the youngest adolescent, the boy and girl adolescent. My work, of course, has to do with organized work. Mr. Batchelor and Mr. Berry outlined the civic and moral value of that recreation. What they say is absolutely true. Our penitentiaries and houses of correction are filled with boys who did not play right or correctly, did not have the right leadership, or they would not have been there. My object in my work is to try to control those boys into channels of right living and right playing. Create the boy who can step out into God's sunlight and play in a wholesome way, in a clean way. Now it is up to us to organize these groups in such a way that we will teach those boys the virtues of organization. In the spring my Work is largely directed to calling at these boys' houses to enlist their cooperation in an active way and to show them the moral value of Hav- ing these boys do something other than work day by day. Now if we can take those groups Saturday or Sunday afternoon and put all these athletic elements into team strength and let them play with the other fellows under proper direction and supervision that boy is bound natur- ally to grow up and make a better man. That has been my experience in the last three years. I have been a keen observer of the value of good sportsmanship to the community at large, and value to the insti- tution or the team that makes up these various groups, and the civic value, because the civic value comes out of the whole scheme. There- fore, I try to show the great commercial houses what this value is and pomt out to them in a sympathetic way what we are attempting to do. We organized about March 1st, supervised meetings outside of the city. 1 tried to put a policy over and to outline what the policy might be. We organized a commercial league. The boys know what the re- sult IS going to be. We have rules and regulations regarding the eligi- bility of players etc., and they know right well what the motive and object IS Each boy signs on a pledge card his name, address, telephone number, his business number, the firm he represents, the sport he is in- — 56 — terested in, and the manager's signature. That is a pledge card and pledges loyalty to the scheme we are about to put over. It impresses the boy at once that he is part and parcel of this great organization we are about to set in motion. This year we had twenty teams, twenty large commercial organizations from industrial and commercial houses. That is where I come in in a way with my long athletic experience, to put those teams together and put them so they will spend their energy and enthusiasm throughout the season's play. That is a tremendous moral force we have in those twenty teams alone. We go a little further than that and try to enlist other groups. We take organizations like the K. of C, Oddfellows, Eagles, and other fraternal organizations and go through the same method. The paramount motive is to show these big organizations that instead of fighting and criticizing each other as they do sometimes we can put them in on this athletic organization and get some good out of each organization. So we have this great big organization representing these teams and they are getting along fine and dandy. And the settlement houses. We have enlisted their co- operation in this movement. We have had play Saturday afternoons, I found they didn't want to play Sundays, so suggested they play Satur- day afternoons. In addition to that we have the U. S. Veteran Service work with eight big teams playing Wednesday afternoon, giving those soldiers and valued heroes an opportunity to recuperate in our public park system. There are about thirty-five teams working and I would like you to see what a splendid moral force we have throughout the city. On Sunday we go a step further and take community interest, so- cial service groups that are not self-sustaining. I might say that the commercial league is conducted on an entirely self-sustaining basis. The .umpires are appointed by myself. We have about fifty scorers and they are paid for out of funds provided by each team. Any balance that is left at the end of the season, if there is any, is returned to the owners. This year we played sixteen teams, and the teams playing Sunday afternoons are also playing Saturday afternoons to a certain extent. The Board of Recreation pays half of the expenses and the teams them- selves contribute the balance. Then in addition to that we added to the element of playing strength boys from fifteen to twenty-one years, about sixty groups of teams in there, forty-five teams in all. Giving us a total team strength in baseball of a hundred and fourteen teams covering the city like a blanket, all operating under a schedule prepared by my- self. With a sympathetic leader put in each team and with their en- thusiasm we put this thing over. You cannot get anywhere unless you have cooperation. Unless you give the small boy the same chance as the big boy. Boys come to my office with complaints and I greet them with a smile, give them a pat on the back and iron out their difficulty if they have one and adjust it if it is a meritorious one. Then we take these various groups of one hundred and fourteen teams working under this schedule twice around the schedule. We play one division against the other and finally have one team. We play that team against the win- ners of the fraternal group and have the Saturday afternoon activity established. Last year we played the Washburn-Crosby team against the league and no World Series could bring out the enthusiasm and the fun that those big organizations playing the other teams did. It was tremendous. It was a great inspiration. It was a great expression of what we are trying to do, and it was especially interesting to me. We also offer trophies. I don't believe so much in that. Personally, I don't believe in that at all. I believe the best trophy he can get is the individual trophy he gets by playing clean and wholesome under all con- ditions, even if he loses and doesn't win a game, if the team strength was always below par and he had no black mark against him, if he has been sportsmanlike in his actions he has won a championship that no team can tear down. But we do give trophies, baseballs and clubs and all that. We also hold out a trip to Winnipeg. We have been up there — 57 — four consecutive years. When we went up there we played five teams up there. We naturally have a better standard for baseball here than they have in Winnipeg. When .we went out on the ball field I said to the boys, "You are not representing yourselves as individuals, you are rep- resenting the board of park commissioners of the city of Minneapolis, whether you win or lose is immaterial if you play a wholesome game we will be delighted, but play it clean, don't criticize the umpire or mar the splendid standard that you have built up in Minneapolis." And they were only too glad to do it. And from that Minneapolis is welcome to come to Winnipeg each year and we beat them each year. This year we beat them four times out of five. They were delighted with the sports- manship that we built up. That about closes our activities. We are now engaged with our activities for the coming year. The press reports have always advertised our activities. They have given our scores, our pictures, and given our team strength. As soon as we are through with our program here, which will be about the middle of September, we will start football. That in the past has been a troublesome organization. The physical conduct of football with its routine type built up in the club house. Regardless of team strength, regardless of cooperation of anyone, regardless of how you do it, put it over if you have to stand on a fellow's face to do it, has been the football in the past. That made fights and quarrels and incurred the enmity of the community. They meant all right but they were wrongly led, they had not the right super- vision and it was a bold stroke to take that unruly, that murderous sort of plaything and bring it into park development and put it in the parks the way that the boys and girls are going to see that game played, but we did it year after year and it has been going on since 1916. Mr. Berry was instrumental in organizing these baseball groups from the • parks. He put football on the map possibly twenty-five years ago and year by year we trimmed down little unruly spots and placed supervision where it should be until last year we had four teams conducted under municipal supervision in public parks, and not one boy representing eighteen hundred players was ejected from the game for foul talk or actions not according to the code of good sportsmanship. I think that is a tremendous thing to accomplish in four to five years. And it came from teaching the boys the principles of good sportsmanship. And football is gradually absorbing the same qualities of good sportsmanship. The boys are assembled by means of weight. I conceived the idea that if we could do these things as long as we did and so well in base- ball, why can't we do it in football? I said, "Boys, we are going to give you eighteen cards. You are going to designate the group you want to get m. If you want to get in the one hundred and thirty-five pound, sign the one hundred and thirty-five pound group. There won't be any weighing in. I want to put you on vour merits. I want to select a good, clean-cut honest fellow that will treat you sympathetically an'S in a wholesome way give me an average of your activities. Take these eighteen cards and go out. If you get in the one hundred and thirty-five pound group you can't weigh up a man to weigh over one hundred and h±ty anti you can t have over four men weighing over a hundred and j'l-i.- 5*"^® ^^^ ^}'^ medium that we established in the one hundred and thirty-five pound group. They were all there and the same weight and you couldn t get away from it. There was the pledge card and thire was his weight. If Tom Jones' pledge card calls for one hundred and forty-six pounds and we find him weighing a hundred and sixty pounds we know he is lymg so we don't have any trouble of that sort. When he gets out m the field we have certain cards for him to sign out there. His weight and name are used right on this card that thi ofl'icial will turn back to me the next day after the game is over and I match it up with this man's card and find if there is any irregularity These bovs like to be a part and parcel of this organization. Last year I put over — 58 — the best football game we ever had. We played one game on the parade and eight thousand people saw the game, one of the best games they put over in Minneapolis. One factor that goes with this organization is park police super- vision. I am strong for that. After eight thousand people have arrived there it is the duty of the officers to see that that game is conducted in a dignified way, consequently the board of park commissioners or Mr. Wirth has seen to it that we have had proper police supervision at our public parks in our athletic games. They dignify the whole procedure and we get along immensely. The same elimination process takes place in our football league. It took us two years to establish the supremacy between two one hundred and thirty-five pound group teams. As soon as we are through with football, which takes about six or seven weeks, we are back into our winter sports. It is my good fortune to take charge of the hockey which is a very good gatne. You can't play hockey with a stick in your hand and sharp skates. I tried that once, you will have trouble. You must be grounded in the rules of good sportsmanship because you are going directly against the opposition and he is liable to get you and bang you with his stick, and he has got it in his hand. It is a rough, tough game unless the rules of good sportsmanship are observed. And it has been our good fortune to conduct them in that way and we have had splendid success. Hockey is self-sustaining. The teams pay for their activity. Baseball pays for its activity fifty per cent. Next year I will try to make it seventy-five or one hundred per cent. Football I hope to make this year one hundred per cent self-sustaining. These are playing on every field iii the city, covering every ward in the city. To give you a concrete expression of the value of that and the al- legiance and loyalty attached to each group I will say that we tried this year to put over professional football. Putting up places we have in the city and bringing in outside teams of splendid calibre. We put them up at Nicollet Park with the hope of making a killing, and it failed. On every game they put up they practically lost money. As another expression of concrete results I will say Mr. Wirth came to us last year in the winter and suggested, could we get some form of municipal entertainment and suggested a municipal dance, which, like supervised football, is a dangerous proposition. I said, "Let's try it." He is always sympathetic with us in the extreme, guiding us and direct- ing us himself, and giving us the incentive to do the things he wants us to do. We thought, of course, we will put it over, municipal dancing has got to go over. And we put over this municipal dance at the Armory on the parade and had eight hundred coiiples, led by the mayor and city officials. It was intensely gratifying. It showed what can be done, what can be accomplished through cooperation and adherence to the rules of good sportsmanship. (Great applause). Mr. Raymond (Chairman pro tern): — I would like Mr. Leighton to say what he is doing with his horse shoe organization. Mr. Leighton, Minneapolis: — I just want to pass on one idea that was given to me in regard to munici'pal athletics which has worked suc- cessfully in Minneapolis. The idea is this: We try to get the leaders in the sports together and organize a municipal ski party or whatever it may be. These people elect four of the officers and with the Board of Directors of three and the Recreational Committee and Supervisors, elect a secretary of that club. The secretary of course takes care of the details for the club. In this particular plan the reason it has been suc- cessful is instead of one person sending off a horse shoe we have seven officers sending off a horse shoe and they have asked for committees to send off horse shoes. That has been worked out very successfully in Minneapolis and to such an extent that last winter the members of the skiing club conducted the entire season's tournament. (Applause). — 59 — Mr. Raymond (President pro tern): — Mr. Johnson will you say something on basketball that we are running here? Mr. Johnson, Minneapolis: — One of the branches of municipal athletics I am especially interested in, being a new thing to all of those present except E. W. Johnson, whom they try to wipe off the map every fall, is kitten ball. That was organized in Minneapolis about five years ago for the reason that baseball didn't fulfill the demand and did not give all the people the proper amount of activity that was desired. Baseball requires a good deal of study to play the game, a great deal of paraphernalia and a large amount of expense, and many of the boys ■ concerned felt that they could not take up baseball. Then we decided on a plan to take care of these people and tried out kitten ball. Twelve teams were organized, embracing about six commercial concerns. In the five years we have gone through it has increased until this jsear we have two hundred and nineteen teams, embracing practically four thousand actual participants, and these leagues constitute the big fight to the employes of commercial concerns. They represent fraternal organiza- tions, settlement houses, and represent the American Legion, and so on. This game consists of ten men and it is somewhat on the same order as indoor baseball, only played outdoors. Every year we spend about a month revising the rules and make them up to the standard as much as possible. Every year we go over them the same as baseball. They need new rules and we need new rules and we are growing. That game has proved very popular here and all over the country. Lots of people go into basketball. That is kind of difficult to exist as far as Minneapolis is concerned, due to the fact that we have no floors. That means we do not have direct responsibility or direct super- vision over these boys. In the fall wq get together with the settlement houses at restaurants and discuss plans and draw up rules and regula- tions, draw up the schedule and Start our games the first week of Janu- ary. The park board works in conjunction with the various settlement houses and boys' clubs in the city, but the game is put under our direct supervision. In the year just completed we had sixty-four teams in our league and this year we will have more provided we get the floors. We had so many applications to the basketball league that we cannot ac- commodate only about one-third of them, and this year we got permis- sion from the Board of Education to use Central High two nights a week. There we run two games simultaneously. We start the first at six-thirty, the second at seven-thirty and the third at eight-thirty. On one floor one evening we play six games and twelve teams contribute in one evening, and we use it two nights a week. The rest of the games are played on the various settlement house floors and we will have to get more floors. It is unfortunate the Board of Education doesn't seem to think they are able to provide the floors on account of our having to go through the building to get to the gymnasium and some of the men seem to think the boys who play basketball mutilate everything that they come in contact with. The first time we had the Central High floor we had opportunity to use it one night a week. The principal of the Central High School said: "We will give you the use of the floor one night but don't be surprised if the next morning you get a letter from me stating you cannot use the floor any more." Well, we used the floor all year. The next year we came to the same man and asked for an extra night. He said : "On what you did last year I will grant you as many nights as you want." We took two nights and proved to the Board of Education that we are constructive and not destructive (Applause). Mr. DeSaussure:— Mr. Chairman, it happened in Memphis there was a flying field left from the war. There were a number of hangars there. The government was disposing of them and we home peliple — 60 — bought two of them, and we have a building four hundred feet long by seventy-two feet wide. We have a good thing there and we have three splendid basketball floors that we use in the winter time. I mention that as some of you gentlemen may be able to buy a couple of these buildings and provide yourselves with those facilities. (Applause). Upon motion, duly seconded, the meeting adjourned until the after- noon at 2 o'clock. Wednesday Afternoon August 23, 1922 The meeting, conducted under the auspices of the Institute, was called to order at 2 o'clock in the afternoon by President Hollister. The President: — Mr. A. Williams has an announcement he wishes to make at this time. Mr. Williams, New York : — We have heard a great deal about park doings at Atlantic City. There will be a recreation congress there. There are about 500 cities in the country that are carrying on prepara- tions for another year totaling eleven million dollars a year, not in- cluding bond issues and expenditures for new lands. There are already over six hundred different registrations of recreation works. Anyone that wants any further information can vyrite to the Playground and Recreation Association directly and receive it. (Applause). The President: — You will now listen to the report of the nominat- ing committee. John W. Duncan, Spokane, Wash.: — Mr. Chairman, the committee appointed report as follows : Now, the by-laws and constitution, as you understand, calls for us to indicate two men in each office to be filled and the committee appointed beg respectfully to report as follows: For president, Theodore Wirth, of Minneapolis, (great applause) and H. S. Richards, of Chicago. For vice-president, C. H. Meeds, of Cincinnati, and George Champion of Winnipeg. For secretary-treasurer, E. P. Griffin, of East St. Louis,and Will O. Doolittle, of Mlnot. For directors, M. L. Moore, of Toledo, and V. Grant Forrer, of Harrisburgh; Louis M. DeSaussure, of Memphis, and Charles E. Chambers, of Toronto. The President: — If there is no objection we will ballot on the nominations as read by the nominating committee the latter part of the meeting. You will now listen to the report of the auditing committee. Is Mr. McKinley here? He is not here, so we will listen to the report of the Committee on Resolutions. Mr. Busch: — Your committee on resolutions has had a number presented for consideration, and submits the same herewith : Endorse National Park Service "Resolved, that this convention endorses the administra- tion of national parks being at present conducted by the Na- tional Park Service under the able direction of Mr. Stephen T. Mather." The committee recommends its adoption. One at a time shall it be? — 61 — Mb. a. nIVI. Turner, Northfleld, Conn. :— Mr. President, I move that the resolution be adopted. The President: — Gentlemen, you have beard this resolution read. What is your pleasure? All in favor say aye. Contra-minded no. It is a vote. Sanitary Camp Conditions "Resolved, that the health authorities generally, and state legislatures in particular, be urged to assist in safeguarding the health of tourists visiting tourists' camps in the various states by providing the necessary authority so that perfect sani- tary conditions may prevail and the pollution of lakes and streams be discontinued." Mr. Busch: — This resolution was proposed by Mr. C. H. Meeds. Mr. Turner : — I move that the resolution be adopted. Mr. Nbale: — I second the motion. Mb. Duncan : — Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask for information. I don't know how it is in most states, but I know in our state that the state legislature and the state board of health has already taken care of that matter. If there are other states where it has not been taken care of, why I think it is a good thing, and I am sure in favor of it. Mr. Wirth: — I wish to say in reply to Mr. Duncan that at a re- cent session a member of the State Board of Health of the State of Minnesota stated some of the deplorable conditions existing in some of the tourists' camps in our state, and it is absolutely necessary that some laws be passed in our state. I don't speak for other states, but I hope that we will pass this resolution. The President : — If there are no further remarks, all in favor will say aye. Contra-minded, no. So voted. Educational Committee "Resolved, that the incoming officers consider the advis- ability of creating an educational committee with the idea in mind of spreading our message through the colleges and schools of learning." Mr. Busch: — The committee submits this without recommendation. Mr. Wirth : — I move the. adoption of the resolution. Mb. Merkel: — I second the motion. The President: — All in favor say aye. Contra-minded no. It is carried. Municipal Rose Gardens "Whereas, experience with municipal rose gardens has proved their possibility and popularity far in excess of propor- tionate cost, therefore be it resolved that we recommend that every park board in affiliation with us which has not already adopted this standard shall give earnest consideration to the development of a rose garden as a unit of recognized import- ance in their system." Mb. L. M. DeSaussure, Memphis:— Mr. Chairman, I move you that the resolution be adopted as read. — 62 — Mr. C. N. Ruedlinger: — I second the motion. The motion was put and carried. Barberry Bush Eradication "Whereas, government statistics show that 150,000,000 bushels of grain, valued at more than $2,000,000, were de- stroyed in six states of the north central group in the three year period 1919-1921, and whereas we recognize the tremen- dous menace of the common barberry bush as the spreader of black stem rust to grain crops and are earnestly desirous of assisting in every possible manner to prevent future losses to the farmers, now, therefore. Be it resolved, by the American Institute of Park Execu- tives in convention assembled, that' we declare our hearty sym- pathy with the barberry eradication campaign and pledge our fullest cooperation to the agencies actively identified with this helpful movement, and Be it further resolved that we use our best efforts to seek out and destroy any commcn barberry bushes that may be growing on property over which we have authority; lend the influence of our official positions to the movement for barberry eradication which is now being intensively prosecuted by the United States Department of Agriculture and the governments of the several states; prescribe studies for employes of our de- partments which will enable them to identify the common bar- berry bush which is an outlaw plant in most states and the Japanese barberry which is harmless and should not be de- stroyed; advise and encourage the general public to search yards and lawns for the common barberry bush and dig it up without delay." Mr. Busch: — The committee recommends the adoption. Mr. Neale: — I move the adoption. Mr. Merkel: — I would like to ask for information on this resolu- tion. Does it include the eastern states that do not grow wheat? In this resolution, I would like to ask the sponsor of the bill, does that include the eastern states where grain is not grown? Mr. Busch: — My understanding is that it was intended to protect the wheat growing states. Mr. Merkel: — I think it should be so stated in the resolution. A lot of the southern states do not grow wheat. Mr. Duncan: — Mr. Chairman, I come from one of the greatest wheat growing states in the country and I do not believe in banishing the barberry. I think this matter has gone a little too far, and I am not in favor of this Institute favoring some of the things that the De- partment of Agriculture has advocated, in destroying some of our plants of the barberry family. Now, they have sent out circulars telling you to destroy the bar- berry vulgaris, and the barberry praecoxia, and a whole lot of other berries, I can't remember the names of them all at the present time. One of them, however, is the barberry chrophobias, known as the Ma- honia Acqueventur. My state grows more wheat to the bushel than any other state in the Union. (Laughter). More to the acre, I mean. I am not sure but what there is more barberry chrophobia bushes grow- — 63 — ing in Washington than there is in all the other states put together. There are hundreds and thousands of acres of them, and they are going to destroy the bushes to protect the white pine brush! Now, there are millions of black currant bushes growing in the State of Washing- ton. You will find dozens of varieties of black currants growing there, and I am opposed to any action because they are going too far. They are going so far as to destroy a lot of our best plants for the beautiflca- tion of our parks. I am glad that we had such an able paper from Mr. Riis, and those plants in our state we want to stay there, I asked one o.f the men connected with the Department of Agriculture if the white rust would carry into the wheat and he said by no means. He said the white rust, if it is in the barberry, will not carry so far into the v/heat country. Now, why should we go to work and advocate destroy- ing such a pretty plant as the barberry plant? I am absolutely op- posed to this resolution, for I don't think we should do it. Mr. Merkel: — Mr. Chairman, I had the pleasure yesterday of rid- ing in the same car with a gentleman who is connected with the Wash- burn-Crosby Company and who is vitally interested in the preservation of wheat. His statement to me was that it was only the barberry vul- garis — I am not familiar with it so I am taking his word for it — ^this species that was imported from Europe. I believe that species we can spare and substitute some other for it. As far as the currant question is concerned, it is a well known fact that thistles cannot travel over four or five hundred feet from the pine, or vice versa, and we have just found that up to within four or five hundred feet the spore perishes. Me. Meeds: — Gentlemen, I am a little bit inclined to think that the damage from barberry is over-estimated. It seems to me that to banish every barberry plant would be a serious mistake. It is very ornamental. It is very useful in wild life for feeding the birds and such things and it certainly cannot affect in any way the wheat. I wouldn't for a mo- ment advocate any plant that would be detrimental to wheat because that is of more importance than any single plant. At the same time I think we should have more information on the subject than we have at present before we sanction the banishment of the barberry. (Applause). Mr. Champion:- — Mr. Chairman, about seven years ago the au- thorities of the Province of Manitoba in which I live ordered the destruc- tion of all the barberry bushes, barberry praecoxia and barberry vul- garis, throughout the province, and we had to root up from our parks some thousands of them. They were good for the wild birds, but we were forced to root them all up and burn them. Since then the agri- cultural authorities of the province have kept its cultivation under close observation on their own grounds. They have kept a large num- ber of these bushes and they tell me that today they cannot be sure that the barberry is the cause of any widespread trouble. That undoubtedly it is the cause of wheat rust, but as a serious menace they are not yet convinced, and I am of the opinion, as Mr. Duncan is, that the resolution should not be put through. (Applause). Mr. Wirth: — My understanding is that this refers to nothing but — 64 — the common barberry vulgaris. It doesn't seem to me that these people would come before us if they didn't know what they are talking about. It simply refers to the common barberry. Now, before we turn that down, or discuss it any further, I think we ought to give those people another chance to appear and state the matter to us the way that they did at a previous meeting. It says down here somewhere, if you will read this circular, en- titled "Banish the Barberry," that this has been adopted by the agri- cultural departments of thirteen states. Now, if thirteen states say that it is advisable to abolish the common barberry, I believe there must be something in it, and I believe it is much better for us to protect the wheat than to protect the shrubs. We are not dependent upon the common barberry for our park decoration or for the feeding of the birds. I don't believe in all the statistical statements that are made. Statistics can be produced for most any purpose, but we don't want to say — you can't make me believe that the agricultural departments of thirteen of our wheat growing states would ask us (to take out this bar- berry if there wasn't some good reason for it. (Applause) . Dr. Pammel: — Mr. President, I am not a ihember of your council. I represent the State Board of Iowa. I have been more or less interest- ed in this barberry action before. I was responsible for it being passed in Iowa. I don't say that you can have rust from the barberry, but it has been absolutely proved that where you have barberry you will have rust. Now, during the war and afterwards, I made some investigation on the matter, and I became convinced that wherever the barberry prae- coxia and the barberry vulgaris grows you are liable to have a great deal of rust, and I have seen fields absolutely ruined that were next to barberry bushes. Now, if you didn't have other plants to set out for ornamental purposes, I would raise no objection. The Japanese barberry has to take the place, and that is just as ornamental as the common barberry. You can pass this resolution, of course, or not, but I am here to state that the different states of the Northwest will demand that the barberry remain an outlaw. I am satisfied that Iowa will not rescind the law, and the state of Minnesota will not rescind the law, and I am satisfied that neither the states of Wisconsin or Illinois will rescind the law. The government is making an experiment in a large way to see about the whole question, and two hundred million dollars is not a thing to be sneezed at, as your resolution states. Now, I hope, if you don't care to pass it, I don't suppose it will make very much difference so far as the law in the different states is concerned, but I am satisfied to tell you that the barberry is responsible for a great deal of the bar- berry rust. Mr. Wirth: — It seems to me to be perfectly ridiculous that an as- sociation like ours should stand out against the proper authorities and the experts from thirteen different states. It is absolutely true that no good will come from it, and just because we want to have some bar- berries in cur parks to feed our birds when we have so much else we — 65 — can use as against the menace in loss in wheat, it seems to me it is perfectly ridiculous. Mr. Duncan: — I would like to know if anyone knows this. Where they have no barberry have they no wheat rust? Now, I think that is one of the niost important things. Mr. Champion: — Out in the western provinces we have hundreds of square miles of wheat lands on which not a barberry bush grows, but there is rust there, and lots of it. I don't know where it comes from, but they have to trace it to something else because the barberry bushes cannot exist there because of the rigorous climate. The President: — If there are no further remarks, all in favor of the resolution will say aye. Contra-minded no. I am undecided. All in favor of the resolution will hold up their hands. Those opposed hold up their hands. Well, a^ near as I can make out you have a tie! (Laughter and applause). Mr. Connell: — Mr. President, there are a lot of persons here who do not vote either wa^. Perhaps, if they did, that would take the tie off. The President: — All in favor will hold up their hands. Now those in the negative will hold up their hands. The ayes have it. (Applause). ■ International City Union "Whereas, the International City Union is being formed in Belgium as a medium for assembling and distributing data in the form of municipal reports and other information in re- sponse to inquiry, and. Whereas, this is being officially endorsed and promoted by Belgium cities and through responsible Americans is vouched for as a desirable means of instituting and benefiting a clearing house headquarters of municipal activities, both here and abroad, and as such will serve as a source of informa- tion that will supply first hand, authoritative data on city building, city planning, parks, playgrounds and recreational areas, and. Whereas, in the performance of this function it will have great value to our members and cities with which they are connected. Now, Therefore, be it resolved that fifty dollars from our funds be appropriated and made payable to the proper officer in payment of our assessment toward this movement; that a committee of three be appointed by the president to keep in communication with the organization and report to the next convention." Mr. Busch: — Your committee recommends that this be not adopted for the reason we feel that we are not financially able to go into any outside activity, believing that any money we have to spend should be expended by this organization direct. The President: — You have heard the reading of this resolution. What is your pleasure? Mr. Connell: — I move that the recommendation of the committee be accepted. Mr. Brock:— And that the resolution be tabled. Mr. Rubber — I second Mr. Connell's motion, Mr. President. — 66 — The President: — You have heard the motion made and seconded that the recommendation of the committee be accepted. All in favor say aye. Contra-minded no. The motion is carried. The C. M. Loring memorial on Page 22 was then presented. Mr. Busch: — The committee recommends the adoption. Mr. Griffin:— Mr. President, I move that the same be adopted, that it be spread upon our minutes, and that a copy of this resolution be sent to the widow, Mrs. Loring. Mr. Dunn: — I second that motion, and move that it be a rising vote. The President: — All those in favor of the resolution will please stand. It is adopted unanimously. Henry T. Blake "Twenty-four years ago I climbed the steep cliffs of the West Peak of Meriden with a tall, gaunt, angular man, some- what similar in stature and character to Abraham Lincoln, who, like him, did a great work in a simple, unobtrusive way, but in a way that marked the path of genius. A work so im- portant, so far reaching, for it is daily building our roads, erecting our buildings and constructing our dams and becom- ing a part of our every day life, and that man who climbed the cliff with me was Henry T. Blake. My memory takes me back to that day of climbing the rocks with him, for at that time he told me how the park system of New Haven was established, when the establishing outfering parks in any city was new. He told me of gifts of money and the results of those gifts as known by the name of the giver. But he gave more than all others, for he gave himself, for day in and day out, year in and year out, without money and with- out price, he worked for the people of New Haven. Not only for New Haven, but for other cities, for he was building the foundation on which all parks are being built. This man, great in stature, great in mind, great in heart, was kept by circumstances from attending our first Boston meeting, but has been associated with us from the beginning, always with heartfelt kindliness even though infirmities pre- vented his presence. What does this Association owe him? Much more than ever it can repay — pay which he never wanted — never cared for. But we will keep his memory green in the annals of this Association, and give a thought to him as we travel the roads which he never knew, but which his brains helped to build, and work in the parks which he never dreamed of, but which owe so much to him. We bow our heads as he passes over the Great Divide." — George A. Parker. Mr. Dunn: — I move the adoption of the tribute as the action of the convention. The motion was seconded and unanimously carried. John K. L. Farquhar "Whereas, the death of Mr. John Farquhar has removed from our midst an esteemed leader in Horticulture and Arbori- culture and a beloved friend — Whereas, our Association has lost a valued member, which — 67 — is a great loss to not only our organization but to the country at large, as he was one of the pioneers in his line — Therefore, be it resolved, that the American Institute of Park Executives in convention assembled, expresses its deepest sorrow and regret in the loss of so faithful and valu- able a member, and that it extends its deepest sympathy, at this late date, to his immediate family and co-partners. Resolved further that the resolution be spread upon the records and further resolved that a copy of this resolution be sent to Mrs. Farquhar." On motion the resolution was adopted. Thanks to Minneapolis "Resolved, that the thanks of this convention be tendered to the officials and people of Minneapolis, and particularly to the Board of Park Commissioners and its able organization for the many kindnesses and hospitality extended us during our stay." Mr. Neale: — I move its adoption. Mr. Long : — I second that motion. The President: — All those in favor of this resolution will stand. We have a full house. (Applause). Mr. Busch: — That comprises all the resolutions that have been submitted to the committee, but one has just been handed to me which I submit. "Whereas, the prairies of the great Northwest are rapid- ly disappearing, and unless some such areas ,are set aside for park purposes the wild plants will be exterminated, therefore be it resolved that we urge state authorities to set areas aside for state park purposes." I will recommend the adoption of this resolution, Mr. President. It was moved and seconded that the resolution be adopted, and the motion was carried. Mr. Busch: — Here is another resolution which the committee con- sidered and which I will read. "Whereas, the present holding of public lands in our various states are utterly inadequate for the increased need of the American people, Therefore be it resolved that this Institute hereby endorses the activities of the National Conference on State Parks and urges the acquisition of lands for this purpose." The committee recommends the adoption of this resolution. Mr. Neale: — I move the adoption of the resolution. Mr. Duncan: — I second that motion. The President: — You have heard this resolution read by Mr. Busch of the resolutions committee. All in favor of its adoption say aye. Contra-minded no. The motion is carried. Mr. Rubee: — Mr. President, may we turn back to the subject of conservation for just a few moments? We have with us today Dr. — 68 — Pammel of the Iowa conservation department. I should like to hear from Dr. Pammel. The President: — The convention will be glad to hear from Dr. Pammel, I am sure. (Applause). Dr. Pammel: — Mr. Chairman, and gentlemen of the convention: This is the first time that I have had the pleasure of meeting with this association,_ about which I have heard a great deal. I certainly always have been interested in your work. I remember that my friend. Dr. McBride, used to mention the grandfather of this association, Mr. Parker, and it so happened that I was up north of here on one* of the lakes and saw a notice of your meeting and I could not resist the temptation to come down here and visit with you and get what inspira- tion I could on park work. Now, we are trying to do something for rural Iowa. Iowa is a great rural state. So is the State of Minnesota and the states border- ing on the same. The problems are very different to what they are in the congested districts of the east. I think that in states like Minne- sota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois that we owe something to the rural - population, and for that reason I believe that our park work in this northern Mississippi Valley should always articulate itself closely with the agricultural problem. You have in the State of Minnesota what we do not have in Iowa. We have some glaciers, but the broad dominions of the landscape is entirely due to the glaciers that swept over this country, and I am proud of the fact that' you have preserved a great many of the ten thousand lakes that you have in Minnesota for park purposes. Nature has done what art can never do, lifted up these great moraines, and in between them you have these beautiful lakes dotted all over the State of Minnesota. Now, we have some glacial lakes. We have some seventy lakes in the state. You have ten thousand. There is no comparison, except we do think that Lake Okoboji is one of the best in the Mississippi Valley. It is a deep lake. You have a few lakes in the State of Min- nesota that equal that, all due to the works of the glacier. Now, the last session of the legislature turned over to our body the conservation of all the meandered lakes and streams in Iowa not otherwise converted by law. That means that we can use all those lakes for recreation purposes. The great trouble has been that the lakes and streams have never come under any one direct jurisdiction and therefore the rights of the people have been taken away from them by decisions of various kinds. Fortunately, however, there are a few decisions that have been rendered on lake propositions that I think will be advantageous, not only to the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa but to the other states where these lakes occur. The supreme court of the State of Iowa has decided that the meandering line runs to what we call the high water mark of the lake. As a matter of fact, those of you who are familiar with meander lines know that it is an irregular line around the lake, and unless the state takes it under its protection the average man will not have access to these lakes. There- fore the few decisions that have been rendered become important. One that I have in mind was a decision rendered regarding the city of Council Bluffs. The government donated to the city of Council Bluffs a meandered lake; one of those old lakes that was cut off from the channel of the Missouri River, and the meander line ran up on top of a hill of atout twenty-five acres. Now, the court decided that as that was the original survey of the land it was the property of the city of Council Bluffs, and that is one of the finest decisions that I know of on the subject of lakes. Recently decisions have also been favorable in the State of Indiana, and the attorney general of this state has decided — 69 — that the old meander line marks the boundary of the property of the city. Therefore, I think it is not too late that the meander lines in these states should be preserved for state park purposes. And I think that your attorney general has decided quite favorably in regard to meander lines. Now, what are we trying to do in the way of park work? First of all, we believe that our law should be carried out to the letter. That is to say, that our parks should be created for scientific, historic and recreational purposes because of the serious and rapidly passing away of the old landmarks. The old landmarks are rapidly disappearing, so we believe that in state parks we ought to preserve the old historic melnories. And we believe that the rare plants should be preserved. We have tried to pick out the park sites in Iowa that have a unique and scientific aspect. For instance, if you know anything about the distribution of plants you know that there occurs sometimes what we call islands. There are a dozen places in the State of Iowa right on an island where we have the native white pine, some of them 350 years old. We believe that those pines should be preserved for posterity, and while you haven't many of the original white pine left in the State of Minnesota, what you do have should be preserved, and the United States government has preserved them for you by creating a national forest. It includes a lake region on every island. The trees can never be cut. . Now, in all of the states there are landmarks in the way of giant trees that should be preserved. We have in Iowa a few of the elms that are 12 feet in diameter, and a few sycamores that are 12 feet in diameter. It is our purpose that some of them should be preserved for posterity, and I handed that resolution to Mr. Busch for the reason I am anxious that the state shall preserve the wild flora of the prairie. You have all read some of the stories written about the prairies, and there was nothing more unique in this country than the prairies. The prairie made these states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois, and therefore, unless we preserve these unique prairies, the plants will be gone forever. To me there is nothing more beautiful than the Blazing Star, the Moccasin Flower, the Sweet William, and the other plants that grow here, and I hope we can preserve these in our city parks. — just set aside a few of these plants ! And, by the way, we have the finest of all thistles. It is the Iowa thistle. It is not a, noxious weed, not at all. You have plenty of the Canada thistle here, but grow the Iowa thistle. It is the finest of all the tribes of thistle. It is a neighbor to the prairies of Minnesota and Northern Iowa. Now, we want to preserve some of those prairie plants, and I hope that our state park authorities will use their best efforts to save the prairie. In Iowa the only places that we see the prairies are along the much despised highways. We want to keep for posterity what. agricul- ture has destroyed. I love to go out and botanize and collect plants, and I find wherever I go this great sentiment for the out-of-doors, and I have studied this in connection with our park work. There are four fundamental things in our civilization. The first of all is the building of a home. The second, the public school. The third the church, and the fourth the park movement, and you ought to be congratulated that you are in this park work. (Applause) . Mr. Busch: — I will ask whether the committee on city planning has submitted its report? The President:— No, not yet. I will ask if the auditing commit- tee is ready to report? Mr. McKinley:— The original is not here, Mr. President. I left — 70 — that with Mr. Doolittle, but I will read a copy and the original can be given into the hands of the secretary later on. Report of Auditing Committee August 21, 1922. To the Officers and Members of the American Institute of Park Execu- tives and American Park Society. Gentlemen : Your Auditing Committee begs to report that a careful examina- tion of the books, vouchers, checks and other data relative to the re- ceipts and disbursements of the Secretary-Treasurer of the American Institute of Park Executives and American Park Society during the year of 1921 and 1922 has been carefully made and found to be in every way correct and kept in creditable manner, and hereby recommend that the Secretary- Treasurer's report be accepted as submitted. We feel that our Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Griffin, deserves the sincere vote of thanks of this entire body in the truly creditable manner in which his work has been done. ~ Respectfully submitted, Geo. E. McKinley, Chairman Walter L. Skoglund Robert. L. Parker Mr. Dunn : — Mr. President, I move that the report be accepted. Mr. Neale: — I second the motion, Mr. President. The motion was put and carried. The President: — ^We will now listen to the report of the commit- tee on city planning, Mr. Neale. I want to apologize for not having this ready at the opening of the session, but I wanted to consult with the other members of the com- mittee first. REPORT OF STANDING COMMITTEE ON CITY PLANNING IN RELATION TO PARKS AND BOULEVARDS In addition to the report submitted by this committee at the last annual convention, the committee makes the following recommendations : (1) That the American Institute of Park Executives should urge the National Conference on City Planning to appoint a special com- mittee to confer with the Committee on City Planning in Relation to Parks and Boulevards of the American Institute of Park Executives, in order that a complete park system be included in every comprehensive city plan, and that this Institute, in conference duly assembled, endorse this recommendation and tender its services to this end. (2) We deplore the apparent lack of consideration, by many cities, of the territory immediately surrounding the areas devoted to parks and boulevards. We believe that when a city expends large sums of money for improvements, that such territory should be protected from encroachments by commercial or other undesirable enterprises. To this end, we believe that where it is impossible to secure voluntary restric- tions, laws should be enacted to provide for excess condemnation. We also believe that every city should set a goal of at least one acre of park for every one hundred inhabitants — such parks to be distributed as to be available for use by all the people, and to be considered as part of the complete park system of the city. — 71 — (3) We also recommend that wherever possible, the shores of our lakes and rivers should be reserved to the use of all of the people, and that our state authorities should be encouraged in all efforts to attain chis end. H. J. Neale, Chairman. Mb. Busch: — I move that the recommendations of the committee be concurred in. The motion was seconded and carried. The President: — We have a recommendation from the Executive Committee in regard to the election of honorary members. I will call on Mr. Dunn to explain it. Mr. Dunn: — The Executive Committee recommends this resolution. Honorary Fellowship Resolution "Whereas, our constitution makes provisions for the be- stowal of Honorary Fellowship on individuals who contribute to the objects to which we are dedicated; and, Whereas, we recognize that a person who serves in the capacity of a Park Executive for thirty years or more endur- ing the various hardships and evil influences connected has acted with the people in making more abundant facilities for a more expressive life for all, now, therefore. Be it resolved by the unanimous vote of your Executive Committee who recommend that Honorary Fellowships be con- ferred on the following: William R. Adams, 31 years superin- tendent parks, Omaha, Neb.; John McLaren, 40 years superin- tendent parks, San Francisco, CaL; Edward Miller, 48 years superintendent parks, chief engineer, New York City, N. Y.; Fred Nussbaumer, 31 years superintendent parks, St. Paul, Minn.; and. Be it further resolved, that we, the American Institute of Park Executives and American Park Society, in convention assembled declare our hearty approval of the action of the Executive Committee by pledging our fullest cooperation in conferring honors on our members who have served so faith- fully and well." Now, there is just this explanation. The constitution has a pro- vision that recommendations for honorary membership should reach the Executive Committee 90 days in advance of the convention. This may need action on the floor of the convention to approve this action of your Executive Committee by a motion to suspend the rules in that particular in favoring the approval of these recommendations. Mr. Wirth : — Mr. President, I will ask for the privilege of making a motion, that at this time we suspend that rule of which Mr. Dunn has just spoken. It seems to me it is eminently fitting that our association honor such men who have been so long in public service and have ren- dered such great service as the four gentlemen whose names are before us. All cities do not do it. Some do and some don't. We all know about that. But there is every reason why our association should honor these men. I now move you that the by-laws be suspended and that the secre- tary be instructed to cast four ballots, one for each of the gentlemen — 75! — named, in the aflFirmative as honorary members of the American Insti- tute of Park Executives. (Applause). Mr. S. W. Rubee: — I wUl beg the privilege of seconding that motion. The President: — All in favor say aye. Contra-minded no. So voted. The secretary will cast The Secretary: — Mr. President, as a point of information I will state that the constitution and by-laws provide that all honorary mem- bers must be elected unanimously. Therefore I think it will be neces- sary that we take a rising vote on that so we can tell whether it is unanimous or not. The President: — All in favor of electing these men please rise. (All the delegates rose — applause). The Secretary: — I, Emmett P. Griflfin, secretary and treasurer of the American Institute of Park Executives do hereby cast the unanimous vote of the convention assembled for William R. Adams. I, Emmett P. Griffin, secretary and treasurer of the American Institute of Park Executives do hereby cast the unanimous vote of the convention assembled for John McLaren. I, Emmett P. Griffin, secretary and treasurer of the American Institute of Park Executives do hereby cast the unanimous vote of the convention assembled for Edward Miller. I, Emmett P. Griffin, secretary and treasurer of the American Institute of Park Executives do hereby cast the unanimous vote of the convention assembled for Fred Nussbaumer. (Applause). Mr. Miller: — Mr. Chairman. It isn't very often I have my feet knocked from under me but this is one of the occasions. After forty- eight years of service this is really to me a fitting climax to my long career, coming from an association made of park men who have the interest of park work at heart and whose only idea is to do good for their fellow men by improving waste lands and in other ways benefiting the public. I thank you gentlemen from the bottom of my heart for your kind action and I assure you that I stand ready at any time and in any way that I may be of any assistance or service to this society to come forward and do my little part. (Applause). Mr. Nussbaumer: — Mr. Chairman, I also want to express my thanks for the great honor which you have conferred on me. Of course I would sooner have liked to stay in the harness and work for quite a while longer before being made an honorary member but I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart for the honor conferred on me. (Applause). Mr. Adams: — Mr. President, I want to also thank the association for the honor conferred upon me. I do consider it a great honor to be- long to this association. (Applause). Mr. Wirth: — Mr. President, I move you that the secretary be in- structed to send a wire to John McLaren informing him of the action taken this afternoon. Mr. Dunn: — I will second the motion. The motion was carried unanimously. — 73 — The President: — You will now listen to the reading of the report of the Editorial Board. Mr. Doolittle: — Mr. President, this is a report of the Editorial Board which was presented to the Executive Committee and which the constitution requires be read before the convention. REPORT OF EDITORIAL BOARD PARKS & RECREATION Members of the Executive Committee, American Institute of Park Executives. Gentlemen : Herewith is submitted the report of the Editorial Board of Parks &. Recreation for the period from September 1st, 1921 to August 15th, 1922. Department Heads Appointed Acting under authority vested in us by the resolution adopted by your committee on August 24th, 1921, and in compliance with the new by-laws, the undersigned assumed their duties on the first day of Sep- tember, 1921, and began the publication of Parks & Recreation as a bi-monthly magazine. The Board held a meeting on August 25th and made provisions for the year's work. The following members were ap- pointed to take charge of the various departments. E. T. Mische, Land- scape and Art; V. K. Brown, Recreation; Hermann W. Merkel, Zoologry; S. R. DeBoer, Horticulture; James H. Lovirry, Engineering and Construc- tion; Albert M. Turner, National, State and Provincial Parks. These members have continued their work throughout the past year with the exception of Mr. Lowry who was compelled to retire on December 1st, 1921, and A. C. Godward was appointed to fill the vacancy. The Edi- torial Board desires, at this time, to extend its thanks to these gentlemen for their painstaking labors in behalf of the magazine. They have, at all times been faithful in working for the interests of our publication and have maintained their departments, at considerable sacrifice, at a high standard. We also feel that special mention should be made of the excellent reports that have been furnished regularly by the Com- mittees on Convention Program and Preservation of Wild Life through their respective chairmen, Theodore Wirth and Paul B. Riis. Subscription List The financial report of the managing editor is submitted as a separate paper and covers the period from September 1st, 1921, to August 15th, 1922. In order to improve the standard of our publication and to give it needed publicity throughout the country, some unusually large expenditures have been made. An indebtedness has been incurred which is discussed in the financial report. It may be said here, how- ever, that much of this expenditure is now bearing fruit in increased advertising and an enlarged subscription list. Special Copies In addition to our regular subscription list we have, during the past year, been sending out from 100 to 300 additional copies every issue — 74 — supplementing the publicity work of the field secretary and also that of some of our heads of departments and the National Conference on State Parks. These additional copies have incurred considerable expense but T/ere deemed necessary in order to place both the work of the Institute and the magazine before readers whom it seemed desirable to interest. The Editorial Board also adopted a reduced subscription rate of $1.75 a year to all public libraries, school, college and university libraries. The response to this special price has been very encouraging and we believe that it should be continued during the coming year and that every effort should be. made to place the magazine in our public and school libraries. To this end the assistance of every member of both Institute and Society is requested and we would recommend that the various State Commit- tees make this one of their principal efforts in publicity work. Rates The Board adopted, at the beginning of the year, the following rates which have been in effect throughout the year with the exception of those advertisers who have been with us for a number of years and who have been continued at the same price as formerly. Advertising Rates One page, each insertion $50.00 One-half page, each insertion 25.00 One-quarter page, each insertion 15.00 No advertisements taken for less than one-quarter page. Twenty per cent discount on above rates given on yearly Contract. No other discounts given and no special positions guaranteed. Subscription Rates One year $3.00 The copy .50 Discount of ten per cent to authorized agencies allowed on yearly subscriptions. Reprints Furnished At the special request of E. T. Mische, conductor of the Department of Landscape and Art, we have printed 500 reprints of the series of articles on "Railroad Grounds" by Prof. James Sturgis Pray of Har- vard University. These were furnished at our own expense in return for Prof. Pray's services to the magazine in various ways. We have also printed 500 reprints of articles for A. C. Godward, conductor of the Department of Engineering and Construction. The expense for. these, however, was taken care of by him. It would seem entirely feasible and probably desirable for the magazine to publish a number of such reprints as well as special documents, the same to serve as a sort of service department for small communities desiring the construction of parks and recreational grounds as well as in regard to their main- tenance. We believe that ultimately these pamphlets could be printed at a profit rather than as an expense to the publication and we have been corresponding with several heads of departments and other in- terested parties looking toward the installation of such a service. This is a matter that more properly comes under the department of our field secretary and is mentioned here as an expression of the Editorial Board — 75 — to cooperate with the Executive Committee and the field secretary in such work as they may decide upon along this line. Illustrations Problem The matter of making illustrations has been a serious problem ever since the publication of our first number five years ago and it still re- mains a problem. It is impossible to maintain a magazine of a really high standard without the generous use of well made cuts and well printed illustrations. We have used every endeavor to enlist the support of our contributors in that we might be absolved from this expense but it has not always been possible to do so and many times it would seem inadvisable to print many of our contributions without ourselves taking the expense of having these cuts made. This especially applies to the Department of Landscape and Art. Mr. Mische has given a great deal of time and has gone to considerable expense himself to furnish our magazine with illustrations of the very best standard. He also solicited contributions of the highest type but in order to secure these has been obliged to request that Parks & Recreation pay for the illustrations. We feel that it is impossible to draw a hard fast rule applying to this feature but we are endeavoring to solve the problem in a way that will not make it necessary for us to lower the standard of the magazine but may yet enable us to meet the expenses of this work. In large measure, this particular item has created our indebtedness and it is a matter which has caused the managing editor considerable concern inasmuch as these matters must largely be solved by him at the time and without consultation with other members of the Board or with the Executive Committee. It would, no doubt, have been possible within the past year to have published our magazine as a bi-monthly and have kept the ex- penditures within our resources but it would have meant the lowering of the general tone and the absolute doing away with any of the pub- licity work which has seemed so essential. Objectives in Mind The Editorial Board of Parks & Recreation in formulating its policies at the beginning of the year did not undertake its work without having some definite objectives in mind. In large measure, we feel that we have made some progress toward the goal we have set. One of these particular objectives was through the agency of our Department of , National, State and Provincial Parks to enlist the interest of all state park authorities to assemble information concerning the establishment of these parks and to publish same in concrete, readable form. It can be fairly said that the magazine has been helpful to the state park people and we believe that if the proper committee of the Institute had followed the lead of the magazine and had taken some definite action to impress on the National Conference on State Parks the great extent to which our organization could go in furthering the interests both as to the establishment and maintenance of such public grounds that we would have gone a long ways toward the obtaining of this objective. It has long been the thought of this Board that the state park work should be fathered by the American Institute of Park Executives and that Parks & Recreation should be officially recognized as the organ of an — 76 — auxiliary to the Institute dealing entirely with the National, State and Provincial Parks problems. Fortunately, the magazine secured as a leader in this work a man who, not only had the energy and enthusiasm to carry on, but also seems to have had a clear vision of what is most needed for the establishment of public recreational grounds under the jurisdiction of our states and the provinces of Canada. This is hardly a matter to be deeply discussed in our Editorial report but the above will call your attention to the fact that this is one matter wherein the magazine has striven to make itself of real service. Recreation Department Aid Our Recreation Department has naturally been considered as of utmost importance and through the illuminating articles by V. K. Brown dealing especially with handicraft work and the publication of a calen- dar of suggested events for recreational programs, there has come to the magazine an ever increasing indication of great interest in this depart- ment. Mr. Brown's handling of this particular feature of the work has to our minds been masterly and it would indeed be pnfortunate if for any reason it would have to be curtailed or discontinued. It has been our special endeavor to arouse, through this department, the interest of leaders of community work in the establishment and maintenance of better recreational facilities. Editorial Plans The Editorial Board also has had in mind working out of further objectives through the agency of our departments. The zoological de- partment hopes to be able to assist zoological directors in the establish- ment of a clearing house whereby features of their exhibits may be mcTre readily obtained and their people served in a better way. Through our landscape and art department we have in mind through the reprint of articles the producing of a service department in giving the people all possible aid in design and construction. Many of these plans are for future development but they are being seriously considered and some actually negotiated. Of much more importance than the foregoing has been the vision of a real service to the American people for the making of more facili- ties along park and recreational lines and to produce a publication that will be instrumental in creating an actual craving for these instrumen- talities that make the leisure hours more pleasant and beneficial, and in stimulating every laudable ambition to work with these problems in effective manner. We realize how we must fall short of this high goal unless some adequate provision is made for carrying on the work without financial embarrassment to the Institute or to individuals. The Editorial Board regrets to report the assumption of an indebtedness but it would feel deeper regret if it should feel that our undertakings of the past year have created any depression or thought that we have gone beyond reasonable limits. We recommend to your committee the most careful consideration of a proposal to render both our field and magazine ser- vice effective by some adequate provision for financing the work. It must be absolutely clear that in order to fulfill our vows of service that — 77 — we must supplement the magazine work with the field work and that your committee must combine these two departments in any deliberation tending toward the development of either. Consideration must be given to our present obligations and to our future needs. These being once established a definite budget would seem to be necessary. We would suggest that your committee appoint a special committee on finance to take up with the Field Secretary and the Editorial Board the require- ments and that this committee should be given some power to solicit funds to relieve the financial stress of the present and to take care of the future. The members of the Editorial Board request the privilege of frank and open discussion with the members of your committee so that all features of the situation may be gone over and the thoughts of the members of your committee more definitely learned by the undersigned. We realize that the situation calls for courage and faith in the work we have set out to do. It is our own belief that a backward step at the present time will jnean the final disintegration of what we have so far builded so while we are not unmindful of the fact that we are asking the doing of large things by this organization and the assump- tion of no small risks yet it is our recommendation that your committee lend us every assistance within your power to help us into a position whereby the field and publicity service of this Institute may measure up to the requirements and be unhampered by lack of funds or personnel. Respectfully submitted, Will O. Doolittle, A. A. FiSK, L. P. Jensen, Editorial Board. Statement of Account The total amount of the Ward County Independent's account for printing the magazine for the six issues including the making of cuts was $4,895.28. On this there has been paid as per the above statement the sum of $2,175.00. Leaving a balance of $2,720.28. There is also due the Ward County Independent $84.00 for printing letter heads, magazine envelopes, subscription blanks and other stationery. Making a total amount now due of $2,804.48. To meet this obligation we have the following amounts to apply on same: Cash on hand 1 $356.33 Balance due on July-August advertising 391.00 Advertising in arrears 68.00 City of St. Paul, making cuts 89.24 Total $854.57 This leaves a balance of $1,949.71 as our present indebtedness, as all accounts have been paid excepting that of the Ward County Inde- pendent. The Editorial Board has not, however, drawn any of the salaries that have been apportioned to them. Of the $900.00 which was allowed the managing editor there has been paid for stenographic work the sum of $337.50. We also have as additional resources about $100.00 unpaid subscriptions and also about $600.00 worth of cuts which it is probable we Will be able to dispose of in time but as this can not be put down as immediate revenue we have not included it in our above statement. — 78 — Condensed Financial Statement (For Pei'iod Covered in Above Report) Receipts $3,333.29 Expenditures 2,976.96 Cash on hand August 15, 1922 $ 356.33 Mr. Wootton : — I move that the report be accepted, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Neale: — I believe there is a recommendation about financing. The President: — There has been a recommendation prepared by Mr. Doolittle. It might be well to bring that statement in. You have heard the report of the managing editor. A motion has been made that the report be accepted and the recommendation also. Are there any remarks? Mr. Williams: — One of the requests is to go ahead and raise money. How much money will be necessary to meet that deficit? The President: — There has been a budget prepared. Mr. Merkel: — Mr. President, what you want now — there are sev- eral inquiries around me asking just what the deficit is now, the debts that the Society and Institute owe. Mr. Miller: — The actual deficit on both funds. The President: — That is about $2,000 exclusive of the salaries and the salaries have been waived. Mr. Merkel: — And the salaries amount to The President: — Considerably more. Mr. Merkel: — Considerably more than $2,000? The President: — No, nqt more than $2,000. The salaries will bring it up to around $3,500 or $3,700. Mr. Merkel: — Mr. Chairman, I am well aware of the fact that I usually put my foot in it. I am going to try it once more. I am going to present a motion that either by voluntary subscription Or by a levy upon the members of this Institute this indebtedness be wiped off im- mediately, so that we will start with a clear slate. Mr. Wirth : — In answer to Mr. Merkel I think it is well to make a statement at this time that the Executive Committee has considered the financial situation very thoroughly. The Executive Committee, has some plans in hand which we hope will result in means to make our work easier in the future. I don't believe the Executive Committee wants at this time to disclose those plans, but they will make recom- mendations to the incoming Executive Board. They do feel the $2,000 deficit ought to be wiped out and we ought to start out with a clean slate. The officers to whom salaries are due have stated that under the financial conditions as they exist today they shall not want to draw their salaries but shall be very glad to receive them when the Institute is in condition to pay. I think that is a very fine stand for those men to take and the members of the Executive Com- mittee have made a start by each one of them contributing $25 toward wiping out that deficit in anticipation that most of the members here present will help along that line. It ought to be possible among an or- ganization like ours to get $2,000 together without any difficulty. That is the situation as it stands today. The Committee has raised $200 — 79 — among themselTes and I believe the Chair would be very willing to hear from contributions from the floor at this time. Mr. MEiKEL: — If my motion is out of order, we can fix it anyway with any plan of the Executive Committee. If it is out of order, of course I wish to withdraw it On the other hand I would be perfectly glad enough that I would be the first man to subscribe f25 toward the wiping out of this debt. I would be proud to be that man. Mb, Connell: — I want to start a dub of 150 and put up a sub- scription of §25 right now. Mr. Fisk: — I want to make this statement. It seems to me it is a statement that should be made at this time; that is, with reference to the salaries that were created a year ago. I discussed the matter with Mr. Doolittle thoroughly. Now, we have this feeling, that we would like to have this Association forget everything about salaries and let it reduce it that much. But on the condition as we feel it that we will all accept our pro rata responsibility and help to clean the slate and that there is no such thing as coming back to salaries yet unpaid as a sort of lien or mark against our future prosperity and progress. Now I expect everybody looks for some opportunity of doing something and giving a little bit of himself to the other fellow. (Applause). I think, too, if we can construe this day, this hour, this moment, as one that can be dedicated to a great purpose, as an opportunity for being a grand thing for us, if we can take that same spirit and spread it broad- cast over this entire country, now, wouldn't that be well worth while? So I want to say at this time that that might be pertinent in these discussions as we are trying to find our light and way through this darkness. (Applause) . Mr. Miller: — Twenty-five. Mr. Jose3>h: — Twenty-five. The SBCRirr.'VRY: — ^Let it be checks so I will know your name. Mr. Bossen : — ^Mr. Merkel asked a question that I don't believe was answered, and I think I voice the sentiment of the Executive Commit- tee when I say that that motion is perfectly in order and may be second- ed and put through and meet with hearty support of every member of the Executive Committee. I thank you if you wfll state your motion again, Mr. Merkel. Mr. Merkel: — My motion as I recall it — ^I rarely say the same thing twice in the same way — ^was that the indebtedness of the Insti- tute be wiped oflF of the slate by either a subscription or a levy on eacn member. I don't believe I said it in that way. I don't know which would be the best way to start, by subscription or by letter. There have been many times when I would not have been able to subscribe S2o and some other member may be in that position at the present time, so that a levy may not be just the equitable thing, and as long as subscrip- tions are coming as readily as they are now I believe it would be besx to go ahead with the subscriptions. A Membhs: — I want to make an amendment. I think it should not be a necessity but a privil^e and honor to every member of this society to pay something towards paying off our debts. I make that amend- — 80 — ment that a list be circulated. A good many here would like to sub- scribe but they are ashamed to go up against subscriptions of $25. I think a list should be sent around and let every member give, either a dollar or five or ten, according to what they are able to subscribe. I think that is due to every member of our society. Mr. Merkel: — I am very glad to accept any amendment to that motion, Mr. President. Mr. Dunn : — The membership fully appreciates what has been done the past year with this magazine and with the particular position that our association is taking in the work. We are absolutely filling a good practical field that has been unfilled. Think of the practical results that would come by all your working superintendents sending you plans and their experiences out over the country. What a benefit and service you are giving. We thought of this question seriously. We thought of assessments and we think that is always a bad policy. That is like drawing a gun and saying "Come across". We felt so well among ourselves we thought we would start the good work by a contribution of $25 each and it was suggested that this proposition should be pre- sented that you might make a subscription for any sum you might want to give towards wiping out this deficit. Once this is gone don't fear but what your new officers and committee have plans in mind that will ride you fine over these financial difficulties. I think we may eliminate that question of assessment and simply call for those present to con- tribute what they feel like and later the Finance Committee will send these letters around so I give my $25. Mr. Miller: — If $2,000 is to be met to pay off this deficit, and we are 180 members strong in the city, a one dollar subscription won't do. Therefore, I think it might be well for those who feel in a position to donate $25, not to say anything in the future as it seems to offend some of the others and let the man who wants to pay $10 pay his $10 and the man who wants to pay $5 pay his $5, and in that way nobody will know what the other has paid. The Secretary: — In order to carry into effect the object of the motion, I think it would be advisable at this time to appoint a commit- tee for this special purpose, |py a committee of three or five, and let them save the membership the trouble of coming forward. Or what- ever you think would be necessary, two or three, or four or five. The President: — You have heard the motion of Mr. Merkel Mr. Jarvis : — First of' all I would like to ask a question and pardon me for the greenness of my question. I would like to know whether or not Indianapolis is paid up as a member of this Park Association. The President: — ^We have no membership from Indianapolis at the present time. Mr. Jarvis: — Then, I will direct your attention to the fact that something or someone must have been lax that Indianapolis did not pay. There was a $75 assessment to the Indiana State Park Board. So I am glad that you have answered my question. The President: — You have heard the motion of Mr. Merkel. Are there any further remarks? If not, all in favor say aye. — 81 — Mr. Meisenbacher: — There was an amendment to that motion. The President: — That was to receive subscriptions. All those op- posed say aye. Carried. Now you heard the motion of the secretary in regard to a Committee being appointed to receive the money. Is that motion seconded? Mr. Neale: — I second it. The motion was put and carried. The President:— I will ask Mr. Neale, Mr. C. W. Davis, and Mr. Robert Parker to serve on that committee. Mr. Champion: — There are a lot of members who by force of cir- cumstances are not able to be present. Wouldn't it be well for the sec- retary to tell them and allow them to make subscriptions? Many of them would willingly come forward with contributions the same as any of us and those who are not able to give largely will be willing to give what they can, I am sure. (Applause). The President: — I think that can be taken care of in the form of pledges for those who are not able to pay anything at this time. ■ Mr. Champion : — I mean those members who are not present at the meeting. The absent members, not those members who are not able to give. The President: — ^Well, that will be taken care of by the incoming Finance Committee. If there are any not able at this time to give and who wish to, they will in place of payment place a pledge with the Committee and send the money when they get home. We will be very glad to receive it in that way. Mr. Champion: — I would like to offer a suggestion in referi?nce to subscriptions to this magazine. It is a beautiful piece of work and it is capable of going much further than the park executives them- selves. At home I found every one of our Board taking it. It is an education to many people who are being elected to park boards and who haven't had the opportunity to pick up that information. Up in Illinois there has been in existence for five years an organization that goes by the name of the "Friends of Native Landscape". They have been in- strumental in having the City of Chicago acquire up to this time 17,000 acres of forest land surrounding the City of Chicago and expect within twelve months to get 12,000 more acres. Among them are able writers and illustrators, people who not only subscribe to the magazine but who help it and furnish material. We have Jately organized a chapter of the same movement in Wisconsin. These chapters make pilgrimages to some place of nature each year, that they think should be preserved — Indian mounds, etc., and for the preservation of flowers in different places. Now, I have no doubt that that will spread and I think if they were approached properly we would get both financial and help other- wise in the circulation and building up of a magazine of this nature. They are the kind of people who get behind Park Boards and help them push. They bring influence to bear over officials of cities that don't know enough and I think our secretary should correspond with them. I know that at our last pilgrimage to Wisconsin we had one lady and gentleman that gave us some information that would be invaluable to — 82 — put in this magazine and I offer that as a suggestion that we can get a lot of help through people that are in sympathy with park work and not necessarily the officials themselves to back up even such a small group. Mr. Fisk: — I think I ought to say in answer to the question that the magazine is going to all officials and park commissioners and we have under advisement at the present time of sending the magazine to every commercial organization like Chambers of Commerce, Com- mercial Associations of all kinds and to each public official, and every department and every official of every public department and also to Boards of Education and we hope as the magazine goes on it will dis- cuss subjects of vital interest to every person. Not only that, but we would like to have this slogan accepted: "On every library table in every home in America" — right alongside with World's Work and The Literary Digest — but we can't do that until we get an engine with suf- hcient horse power to go, but as fast as we can do it with the Lord's help that will be done. We are only waiting until that can be done, but you must be tolerant and lend us your assistance. Mr. Meeds: — I am not quite clear in my own mind as to whether or not the entire membership of the organization will be appealed to. It should be done in that way. The President: — The whole membership will be appealed to. Mr. Brock: — The idea comes to me that there might be another way to help out on finances. That is the idea of issuing once a year a year book showing park progress in America. This is done by some organizations. Every one of us would like to send out a questionnaire giving statistics showing cost and maintenance funds. If this were all published in one book we could get it for a good deal less than cost probably. I would be glad to pay $5 a year for a book of that kind. It could be made to cover the progress of cities, probably small illustra- tions, and there are many able landscape architects and others outside of the organization who would be glad to subscribe for this book. I mean in conjunction with the magazine. The President: — It is suggested that a Committee be appointed to gather park statistics or recreation statistics in order that that in- formation may be disseminated by the magazine. There is a call for such things in a great many places, for instance, somebody wants to know what salary they should pay a superintendent for a city of 40,000 or something like that. You could take the average of cities of that size and there are other things coming up all the time that the people would like to know about. And if we had statistics giving information through the magazine, I think we would be doing a whole lot of good. Mr. Brock: — Such a book might be issued as one issue of the magazine during the year and covering those features. I have another idea that we might raise a little money on. There is a great demand for propaganda work in the parks of the smaller cities, I suggest that the American Institute of Park Executives have slides prepared and send them on circuits desiring to pay for that service or reels of films — 83 — to be used in cities where there is a campaign for parks and a desire for parks. The Peesident: — There will be applications coming in for mem- bership after this convention closes and I will ask permission that the committee be empowered to receive the applications when they come in. Mr. Champion: — I move that the committee be empowered to ac- cept the applications. Mr. Meeds: — I second the motion. The motion was carried. The President: — We will proceed to the election of officers now. I will appoint as tellers, Mr. Long and Mr. Brock. You will cast your ballot for president. The nominating committee have, suggested the names of Mr. Wirth of Minneapolis and Mr. Richards of Chicago. Are there any nominations from the floor? Upon motion duly seconded all further nominations were closed. Mr. Meisenbacher : — Mr. Richards is out in the hall and he said he was not a candidate for this office. Therefore, I move you that this organization go on record and cast a unanimous vote for Mr. Wirth. (Applause) . The motion was. seconded and carried unanimously. Mr. Richards entered the convention room. Mr. Meisenbacher: — I move he be escorted outside the hall — ^he's no candidate. (Laughter). Me. Richards: — I can't accept the nomination. I want this to be unanimous for Mr. Wirth, and if that is done I want to talk to him a little bit. I withdraw in favor of Mr. Wirth. Mr. Dunn: — That fixes the record all right and Mr. Wirth is elected. (Applause) . Mr. Wirth :-— I want to say that I hope you understand that I ap- preciate the honor that is conferred on me just now. It is the second time that the Association — not this Association of course — the second time that I have been elected to that office and I believe there are many members here who will remember what little I did. If more remembered that I doubt very much that you would take this action. I realize one thing fully, that I did not do my full duty and I cannot assure you at this time that I can do my full duty now as I feel it ought to be done. All I can tell you is this that I shall try my very level best to do it. But even then we shall not meet with success unless you all stand behind me which I hope you will. I am aware of the fact more than I ever was that with you all behind me there is almost nothing impossible. I believe there is no obstacle that we cannot overcome. The financial difficulties which we have are of very little consequence because we are going to wipe them out and come back in a year or two with all the money we want to do all the work that we ought to do. (Applause). It is not finances alone that will do the work, not by a long shot. It is the work of every member of the Association and I know you are going to do it. I know you are going to do it because of the way you have been attending to the business at this convention and I know it from the discussions we have held. I know you are all very earnest in what we want to under- — 84 — take and what we want to accomplish, and all I can tell you is this, that as far as I am concerned I am going to do all that is within my power to help you make our work successful. (Great applause). The President: — The next office is that of vice president. The committee recommended Mr. C. H. Meeds of Cincinnati and Mr. George Champion of Winnipeg. Nominations from the floor are now in order. Mr. Champion : — I have already had the honor of filling that posi- tion once and by reason of that fact and by reason of the fact that I live a long ways off and it is difficult to attend the Executive meetings, I would like to resign in favor of Mr. Meeds and make his nomination unanimous and I move to that effect. Mr. Dunn: — I, personally, feel very sorry for Mr. Champion's feelings. He is a good fellow, but since he has expressed himself that way I will second his motion. The motion was carried. Mr. Merkel: — I move that the secretary cast the ballot for the election of Mr. Meeds. The motion was seconded and carried. The Secretary: — I, Emmett P. Griffin, secretary and treasurer of the American Institute of Park Executives,, cast the unanimous ballot of this convention for Mr. C. H. Meeds of Cincinnati, Ohio, for vice president. (Applause) . The President: — You will now prepare your ballots for secretary. The nominating committee has recommended E. P. Griffin and Will 0. Doolittle of Minot, North Dakota. Mr. Griffin : — I deem this an honor, gentlemen. I have served you in the capacity of secretary-treasurer for three terms. It is an honor that I don't think belongs to any one person. I think it should be passed around. And not only that, but it takes considerable time and somebody who has the ability to fulfill it as it should be and I want to advise you at this time that next' year I will not have the time to devote to the duties of the office which will be required. With that in view, I desire at this time to withdraw my name from the nominations and make a motion that the nominations be closed and that the convention go on record with a unanimous vote for Mr. Doolittle for secretary- treasurer. Mr. Brock: — I will second the motion. The motion was carried. The President: — lYou will now cast your ballot for nominations for directors. The following names have been submitted by the com- mittee for directors to serve for three years. Two of them to serve three years. M. L. Moore of Toledo; V. Grant Forrer, Harrisburg; L. M. DeSaussure of Memphis; Charles E. Chambers of Toronto. Are there any nominations from the floor? You will cast your ballot. Two directors are to be elected for a term of three years. Mr. Wootton: — The name of Mr. Chambers of Toronto has been presented. Personally, I should like to see a representative from Canada. It has not a large population at the present time but it has been aptly stated that the 20th Century belongs to Canada and I be- — 85 — lieve that the hundredth Century will see a population there as big as any. Mr. Chambers is a very fine man. He is at the head of a very fine park system and I take pleasure in presenting his name to you. Mr. Meisenbachee:— Will the two highest get the election or how? How will you decide that? The President: — The two highest. They are presented as indi- viduals and the two highest will be elected. The majority will count ballot without two names on it should be thrown out. The motion was seconded, put and carried. The President: — I cannot recognize that motion of Mr. Meeds'. It is out of order according to parliamentary rules. There will be a meeting of the hew officers and the officers now in this election. Mr. Meeds: — I will make a motion that each ballot contain only two names. Any ballot containing any more than two or less than two be thrown out. There should be two names on each ballot and any holding office directly after this mfeetihg in the sun parlor; the new officers and new directors with the old officers and directors. Mr. Wootton: — There was a motion relative to the training of park executives. Has that been done? The PRirsiDfcNt: — That was left to the incoming officers to take care of. You will li'steil now to the report of the tellers. Mr. Long: — Whole number of votes cast, 63. Neciessary to a choice, 32. Ch&ttibefs, 49; DeS&USsure, 36; Moore, 28; and V. Grant Forrer, 9. The President: — Charles E. Chambers and L. M. DeSaussure are elected directors iot three years. (Applause). We will take up the meeting place for the hext convention. The secretary ha^ several com- munications here. Mr. Griffin, Secretary: — I have a cordial invitation from the city of Omaha and a telegram from the mayor personally asking and invit- ing our next cohVehtion to be held there. Also a resolution from the mayor, president of the city council, superintendent of public grounds, suj)erintendent of fire protection and others asking for the convention at this time to be held at Omaha. Also from the Bureau of Publicity and the Chamber 6f Commerce and clippings from the Clipping Bureau. I have here those invitations. I also have here a communication from the mayor of the City of Salt Lake, inviting the convention to Salt Lake City. I have the following from Kansas City: A letter from the Cham- ber of Commerce, one from the Rotary Club, one from the Convention Bureau, a letter from the governor of the State of Missouri, and also one from the mayor of Kansas City, and a letter from the president of the Chamber of Commerce. I have those here. I have a letter from New Orleans from the Association of Com- merce signed by the president, also a letter from the mayor inviting the convention. Mr. Fisk : — Not this year. 1925. The Secretary : — I will put that her? for future reference. I have — 86 — a letter here from the City of Ashville from the mayor, one from the Rotary Club, one from the Board of Trade, one from the Chamber of Commerce of Cincinnati, Ohio, from the Convention of Publicity League of Louisville, Kentucky, and from Santa Barbara, California, and from the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Los Angeles, and a letter from the Atlantic City Publicity Bureau, the Pittsburg Publicity Bureau, and from the Merchants' Association of New York, and from the Con- vention of the Tourists League of San Francisco, California. Mr. Brock: — I would like to know if you got one from Sydney, South Wales? The Secretary: — Not yet. I have an invitation from the Chicago Association of Commerce. That's all. Mr. Dunn: — Mr. Chairman, I have been waiting here since last Saturday to make this speech. I have a very painful recollection of the fact that some years ago at a convention we had in our city and I have always since that time hoped to extend an invitation again and try and control the Weather Bureau. I was not able to attend the convention in my own city at that time but in addition to that I want to say we have a progressive young mayor in Kansas City who is on the park system. He is the most enthusiastic booster we have ever had in our city. It was his intention to come to this convention. At the last minute he was unable to do so. He did, however, as your secretary has read, extend the invitation by letter which has been added to by the civic organizations. I have been delegated personally to invite you and the representative of the Chamber of Commerce which is our main civic organization, has been sent here to extend that invitation. There- fore, I ask you to consider Kansas City as your next convention city and in so far as we are ablewe will have the weather as cool as it has been here and we will have quite an additional program to present to you. I thank you. (Applause). May I ask the privilege of introducing the Chamber of Commerce man from Kansas City to say a word to you, Mr. W. M. Symon? The President: — You may. Mr. Symon : — Mr. President, the Chamber of Commerce of Kansas City has sent me up here to issue this invitation personally. It had a double motive in doing that. First, Kansas City is at the present time embarking on even a broader park system than the one already estab- lished and I know you gentlemen know more about that than I do. . Second, the Convention Bureau of the Kansas City Chamber of Commerce has organized a system to assist these organizations. In the past six years it has seen a remarkable growth throughout the South- west. You men who have not been there for six years cannot realize it until you have seen it. You wouldn't know the old town now. That growth has extended from Kansas City to the southwest, to the Gulf, and to the West. We found out about five years ago that the Na- tional Association of the United States was not represented in that district. This was partly due to the fact that that growth had been so rapid. As a result we are organized for the National Organizations and that is for the benefit of this organization. I think it is admitted that your weakness in membership is in the Southwest. I know that applies to every other organization and so we have built up a service. To the convention which comes to Kansas City, we will seek to de- — 87 — velop that Southwest territory. We will send out letters to build up the attendance and handle the publicity in every portion of that section including over 180 daily and 500 weekly papers. We will send out a letter from your secretary asking that those men belonging to that section join. This service in itself, is worth something. That is the main reason that they have sent me up here. Combining with us is another thriving city, a few miles further up, St. Joe. In addition to that throughout this territory there are many cities which are not members of your association. Gentlemen, when I issue this invitation I want it understood we are issuing it on the basis of service and I thank you. (Great applause). Mr. Adams :^Mr. President, I was sent up here to represent the Key to the West, the City of Omaha. That progressive city requests your convention to meet there next year. Mr. Richards : — I want to withdraw the name of Chicago. Chicago will be pleased to have you but personally I feel it would be better to wait a year or two more, then we will be able to show you some of our great work that is now under construction. I, therefore, withdraw the name of the famous neighbor, Chicago, in behalf of Kansas City. (Great applause). Mk. Skoglund: — I will supplement the name of the City of St. Joseph. They asked us to extend an invitation for one day at least while you are in Kansas City. Mr. Neale: — Mr. President, the secretary read New Orleans, but that is looking to the future like all park executives. They want you to look ahead until 1925. Personally, I would like to see you at Kansas City next year. Mr. Brock : — Houston is known as the Chicago of the South. Some day we want this convention in Houston. The city is mainly commissions and parks and I believe by going to Kansas City we can create an in- terest in the South that will do a wonderful lot of good. In a few years with our fast growing city I think Chicago will be the Houston of the North. /(Laughter). The President: — Are there any more remarks in regard to one city or the other? Will Mr. Brock and Mr. Long distribute the ballots? There will be four cities to vote upon. Cast your ballot for the next meeting place. The names of the cities are: Omaha, Salt Lake City, Kansas City, and Ashville, North Carolina. Mr. Miller: — ^When is this convention to take place. The President : — Next year. Mr. Miller: — If it is as hot as it is now let's go further North. The President: — That is left with the Executive Committee to fix the time. Listen to the report of the ballot. Mr. Long:— Omaha has 52, Kansas City has 4, Ashville 3, and Salt Lake City, 1. (Laughter). Mr. Fisk: — Try that again. Mr. Long: — Omaha has 4 and Kansas City has 52. (Great applause) . The President: — Now, listen to the report of the Committee that was collecting monies. Mr. Neale: — We have subscriptions or pledges today of $230. We — 88 — have collected cash, $680, making $910, and Mr. Fisk's bill of $38 has been cancelled. That makes the total $948 out of the $2,000. Now, if you will get after those outside, I think we can raise this $2,000 before we leave. The President: — If there is no further business the meeting will stand adjourned until tomorrow morning at 9:30. Don't forget that the automobiles will be on the Third avenue side this evening at seven o'clock to take us out to the pageant. The convention thereupon adjourned. NEW EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING A meeting of the Executive Committee of the American Institute of Park Executives and the American Park Society was held in Room 1024 of the Curtis Hotel, Minneapolis, August 24, 1922, at 8 P. M. Present: Theodore Wirth, President; C, H. Meeds, Vice President; Will O. Doolittle, Secretary-Treasurer; W. H. Dunn, John Meisenbacher, L. M. DeSaussure, Directors; A. A. Fisk, Field Secretary. The following budgets from the managing editor of Parks & Recreation and the field secretary were received and discussed: ESTIMATE FOR PARKS & RECREATION For Year Beginning Sept. 1, 19Z2 Required Amount Printing magazine on basis of increase of 100 copies per issue, from 100 to 120 pages $ 4,300.00 Cuts 600.00 Salaries — Editors 3,000.00 Office expense and supplies 1,100.00 9,000.00 Present indebtedness 2,000.00 Total $11,000.00 Assured Revenue Fees from Institute, based on last year ^ $ 1,000.00 Advertising, based on present amount carried 3,000.00 Subscriptions, based on above estimate increase ; 1,800.00 Miscellaneous receipts — sale cuts, reprints, etc. 200.00 $ 6,000.00 Budget $11,000.00 Assured Revenue 6,000.00 Balance to secure $ 5,000.00 Estimate on Securing Above 500 Park Society Members at $2.50 -— $ 1,250.00 Doubling of advertising, last four issues through full time of editor 2,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,250.00 3,250.00 Balance $1,750.00 Would recommend that at least $3,000.00 be raised immediately by — 89 — the Executive Coni.mittee to pay present indebtedness and provide for immediate needs. This to be raised either by negotiation of loan or by solicitation of donations. Respectfully submitted. Will O. Doolittle, Managing Editor. OUTLINE PLAN FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE WORK OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PARK EXECUTIVES AND AMERICAN PARK SOCIETY In compliance with the instruction of the Executive Committee of the American Institute of Park Executives I hereby submit an outline .of a plan for the extension of the work of the American Institute of Park Executives and the American Park Society. It is obvious that any such plan must be largely one of judgment. To date we have done but little field work. We therefore have no data to guide us in making such a plan. Our problem is largely a finance problem. I am therefore going to assume the gross amount of $25,000.00 as our annual budget. I wish to submit the following statement, de- fining ways and means of securing the above amount. In my judgment any plan which will accomplish adequate results presupposes the full time of a competent field worker, at $5,000.00 per year. It would be largely the task and responsibility of this field worker and the managing editor of Parks & Recreation to secure this budget. Notwithstanding that this responsibility is rather specifically placed yet the absolute loyalty, assistance and hearty support of every member must be granted. This budget of $25,000.00 can be raised as a part of the field work, by increasing the circulation of the magazine, selling more ad space and securing public subscriptions. Public subscriptions $ 5,000.00 100 Institute Members 1,000.00 1,000 Society Members 5,000.00 Sale of ad space 5,000.00 3,000 Subscriptions 9,000.00 $25,000.00 ' Disbursement of Budget To Parks & Recreation $15,000.00 To Field Work 8,000.00 Stenographic Oiffice and supplies Travel expense Salaries Work of Institute and Society including ex- pense of committees, expense of Secre- tary-Treasurer 1,500.00 $25,000.00 Respectfully submitted, A. A. PiSK, Field Secretary. On motion of Mr. Meeds the secretary was instructed to notify all members regarding the deficit which had been brought up before the — 90 — convention and to give all opportunity for making donations to meet this deficit. All present voted "Yes". On motion of Mr. Meisenbacher,, the chairman was instructed to appoint a committee of three, not necessarily members of the executive committee, as a special finance committee whose duties shall be to see what can be done toward the raising of $5,000.00 to meet present needs. All present voted "Yes"- Moved by Mr. Dunn and seconded by Mr. Meisenbacher that the budget of PAKK& & Recreation as submitted by the managing editor be amended so that the salary of Will 0. Doolittle, managing editor, shall be not less than $300.00 per month and that beginning October 1, 1922, the managing editor shall devote his full time to the work of the maga- zine and the Institute and that beginning with that date his salary as managing editor shall be $300.00 per month. On roll call Messrs. De- Saussure, Dunn, Meeds, Meisenbacher and Wirth voted "Yes", Mr. Doo- little not voting. Moved by Mr. Meisenbacher and seconded by Mr. Dunn that the plan and budget of Field Secretary Fisk be accepted on condition that the plans of the special finance committee be successful as outlined by the president and providing that it appear that the budget can be raised and that if at the time it appears that these plans will be successful the field secretary be requested to submit a contract to this committee based on full time service. On roll call Messrs. DeSaussure, Doolittle, Dunn, Meeds, Meisenbacher and Wirth voted "Yes". On motion of Mr. Dunn the present salaries of the associate editors and the secretary-treasurer and field secretary were continued. AH present voted "Yes". On motion the committee appointed W. H. Dunn, Kansas City, chair- man, L. M. DeSaussure of Minneapolis and John Meisenbacher of Tulsa, as representatives from the Executive Committee on the Convention Program Committee. On motion the meeting was adjourned. Signed, Will 0. Doolittle, Secretary. Approved : Theodore Wirth, President. Note The above proceedings do not include any of the addresses given on Tuesday, August 22, during the inspection of the Minneapolis Park System or at the banquet in the evening at the Curtis Hotel. The ad- dresses at St. Paul, Hibbing and Duluth also are not included. So far as space is available an account of these meetings with a brief digest of the addresses will be given in the September-October issue of Parks -*i Recreation. ■ 91 — Convention Attendance Roster Adams, Wm. R., Retired Park Superintendent Omaha. Neb. Altherr, Bmile, Supt. National Battlefields Park Quebec, Canada Andresen, H. P Chicago, 111. Armatage, Mrs. A. W., Park Commissioner Minneapolis, Minn. Arp, O. D., Supt. of Parks Council Bluffs, Iowa Bancroft, H. Lee and wife, Supt. of Parks Lansing. Mich. Barnhart, R., Park Foreman Detroit, Mich. Barton, James, Supt. of Parks ISioux City, Iowa Eatchelor, J. R., Field Secretary Playground and Recreation Association of America New York, N. T. Baumann, L. and wife. Landscape Architect St. Louis, Mo. Bean, Eld H. and wife, Director Zoological G-aBdens Milwaukee, Wis. Berg, H. O., Director Recreation Council Cleveland, Ohio Rernadet, Fmile, Supt. of Parks Montreal, Canada Berthe, A. E., Engineer Park Board Minneapolis, Minn. Bieschke, Albert, Supt. of Parks , Noroton, Conn. Boehm, C. O. E., Supt. of Parks Davenport, Iowa Bossen, C. A. and wife, Ass't Supt. of Parks Minneapolis, Minn. Bovey, W. H., Park Commissioner Minneapolis, Minn. Brook, C. L., Supt. of Parks Houston, Texas Burgevin, J. V,, Landscape Architect Park Board New York, N. Y. Busch, H. W. and wife, Gen. Supt. of Parks Detroit, Mich. Cady, Professor LeRoy, Ass't Prof, of Horticulture St. Paul, Minn. Calder, H., Supt. of Parks and Recreation Richmond, Va. Chafnbers, Leslie B., Reporter PARKS & RECREATION Minot, N. D. Champion, G., Supt. of Parks Winnipeg, Canada Chesley, Dr. A. J., Executive Officer State Health Board Minneapolis, Minn. Clas, A. C, Architect Park Board Milwaukee, Wis. Colby, E. B., Supt. of Parks and Highways Pueblo, Colorado Comer, Thomas and wife, Mgr. Glenwood Golf Course Minneapolis, Minn. Connell, C. P., Supt. of Parks Nashville, Tenn. Craig, J. M, Supt. of Parks Regina, Sask., Canada, Davis, C. W., Supt. of Parks Memphis, Tenn. Davis, J. C, Engineer Citizens' Bureau Milwaukee, Wis. DeSaussure, Louis M., Supt. of Recreation Memphis, Tenn, Doell, C. B., Ass't Secretary Park Board Minneapolis, Minn. Doolittle, Will O., Managing Editor, PARKS & RECREATION Minot, N. D. Dornberg, H. B Minneapolis, Minn. Dorschner, Wm. A., Supt. of Parks South Bend, Ind. Douglas, O. W., Hill-Standard Company Chicago, 111. Duncan, J. W. and wife, Supt. of Parks Spokane, Wash. Dunman, W. H., Landscape Gardener Lincoln, Neb. Dunn, W. H. and wife, Supt. of Parks Kansas City, Irfft. Bdinborough, Philip, Supt. of Parks Lincoln, Neb. Farmer, I. B., Supt. of Parks Racine, Wis. Pelton, R. P., Secretary Association of Highways of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minn. Ferguson, L. A., Ideal Power Lawn Mower Co L Lansing, Mich. Finney, E- L., Supt. Park Department St. Paul, Minn. Fisk, A. A. and wife, City Planner and Field Secretary American Institute of Park Executives Chicago, 111. Forrer, .V. Grant, Ass't Supt. of Parks Harrisburg, Pa. Francis, Henry R. and wife. Professor Forest Recreation, Executive Secretary Allegany State Park Syracuse, N. Y. Gallagher, Percival, Landscape Architect, Olmsted Bros Brookline, Mass. — 92 — Godward, A. C, Engineer City Planning Commission and Pari!; Board Minneapolis, Minn. Grieb, Edw., wife and son, Agent County Park Commission—Milwaukee, Wis. Grifein, Emmett P., Supt. and Chief Engineer Park Distriot_East St. Louis, 111. Hager, C. H. and wife. Supt. of Construction Toledo. Ohio Hanlon, James J., Park Commissioner Bast St. Louis, 111. Hartzell, J. R. and wife, Park Commissioner Minneapolis, Minn. Hawkins, John, Rose Hill Nursery Minneapolis, Minn. Hennenhofer, G., Supt. of Parks Colorado Springs, Colo. Heyne, G. A., Supt. of Parks Dubuque, Iowa Hllgers, L. W. Racine, Wis. Hoffman. A. P., Supt. of Parks Bettendorf, Iowa Hoffman, Max I., Paige Fence Wire Products Association Chicago, HI. Hollister, G. H., Ass't Supt. of Parks Hartford, Conn. Jarvis, R. Walter, Supt. Parks and Recreation Indianapolis. Ind. Johnson, C. O. and wife, OWgr. Park Refectories Minneapolis, Minn. Johnson, Edw., Park Commissioner Sioux Falls, S. D. Johnson, E. W., Supt. of Playgrounds. St. Paul, Minn. Jones, R. P., Prop. Longfellow Gardens Minneapolis. Minn. Kannowski. M. B., Supt. of Parks Grand Porks, N. D. Keith, Miss Una, Honorary Member American Institute of Park Executives Bridgeport, Conn. Kernan, John W^., Supt. of Parks ■ Lowell, Mass. Klatzkin, B., Conductor Lake Harriet Band Minneapolis, Minn. Kufalk, M. P., President of Park Board Milwaukee, Wis. Leighton, J3. G., Director of Playgrounds Minneapolis, Minn. Lenhardt, L. G., City Engineer Pontiac, Mich. Lindberg, Gustaf A., Secretary and Supt. of Parks Oak Park, 111. Lohffi, W. H., Park Commissioner Minneapolis, Minn. Long, Wm. P., Deputy Park Commissioner Boston, Mass. Loomer, B. A. and wife. President Park Board Mitchell, S. D. Mack, Edw. R., Supt. of Parks Bloomington, Del. Marshall, Roy S., Park Engineer 1 Pontiac, Mich. McKlnley, George E., Supt. of Parks Flint, Mich. Meeds, C. H., Engineer and Executive Officer Cincinnati, Ohio Meisenbacher. John and wife, Supt. of Parks Tulsa, Okla. Merkel, Hermann W^., Forester and Constructor New York Zoological Gardens, Landscape Architect Bronx Parkway Commission New York, N. Y. Mickelson, Roy E., Supt. of Grounds, Oliver Iron Mining Company Hibbing, Minn. Miller, Edw. A., Retired Chief Engineer, Central Park Larchmont, N. Y. Moore, M. L. and wife. Commissioner of Parks and Blvds Toledo, Ohio Morrell. A. U., Landscape Architect Minneapolis, Minn. Neil, J. J. and family, Secretary South Park Commission Chicago, 111. Neale. H. J., Supt. Audubon Park : New Orleans, La. Nussbaumer, Fred, Honorary Member American Institute of Park Executives Minneapolis, Minn. Olson, P. L., Director Bureau Municipal Research Minneapolis, Minn. Parker, George A., Supt. of Parks Hartford, Conn. Parker, Mrs. E. J., President Boulevard and Park Association Quincy, 111. Parker, R. L., Mgr. Park Refectories Hartford, Conn. Pammel. Dr. L. H.. Prof. Botany. Iowa State College. President State Board of Conservation Ames, Iowa Pearse. I. C, Deputy Commissioner of Parks St. Paul, Minn. Perl, Frederick, Landscape Architect Minneapolis, Minn. Peters, E. H., Ideal Power Lawn Mower Co Chicago, 111. — 93 — Pfund, Paul and wife, President Pfund Nursery Co, Elmhurst, 111. Phillips, H. R., Barrett Company Minneapolis, Minn. Phillips, J. L., wife and daughters, Supt of Parks Chisholm, Mjrin. Pyle, Robert, President American Rose Society West Grove, Pa. Quigley, L. W., Jacobson Mfg. Co Milwaukee, Wis. Ramsdell, Charles H., Landscape Architect Minneapolis, Minn. Raymond, Karl B., Supervisor of Recreation Minneapolis, Minn. Richards, H. S., Supt. Maintenance and Repairs South Parks Chicago, 111. Ridgway, J. A., Secretary Park Board Minneapolis, Minn. Riis, Paul B. and family, Supt. Park District Rockford, 111. Roberts, B. G., J. Oliver Johnson Seed Co Chicago, 111. Robinson, P. A,, Landscape Architect Des Moines, Iowa Ruedlinger, C. M., Landscape Gardener MinneaDolis, Minn. Rohrer, M. P. and wife, Park Commissioner Council Bluffs, Iowa Ross, E. C, Coldwell Lawn Mower Co Newburgh, N. T. Rubee, S. W. and family. Landscape Engineer and Architect Marshalltown, Iowa Schumacher, P. P., Secretary and Business Manager Park Board Milwaukee, Wis, Skoglund, W. L., Supt. of Parks St. Joseph, Mo. Smith, L. J., Supt. Parks and Playgrounds Hamilton, Ohio Spellerberg, P. E. and wife, Supt. of Parks Sioux Palls, S. D. Spidel, O. W., City Porgster Milwaukee, Wis. Spurrier, J. A., Supt. of Parks Bveleth, Minn. Stinohcomb, W. A., Director Metropolitan Park District Cleveland, Ohio Symon, W. M., Publicity Director Chamber of Commerce Kansas City, Mo. Thomason, P. R., Supt. of Works Chicago, 111. Triggs, Jeremiah J., Supt. Parks and Playgrounds Providence, R. I. Trout, W. C, Supt. Ella W. Sharp Park Jackson, Micli. Turner, A. M., Pield Secretary State Park and Forest Commission 1 Northfield, Conn. Webb., W. E., Inspector Porestry Dept Detroit, Mich. Wenzel, H. C, Commissioner of Parks St. Paul, Minn. Weirick, Dr. H. R., Chairman Park Board Hibbing, Minn. Welch, W. A., Chief Engineer and General Manager Palisades Interstate Park lona Island, X. T. Whitnall, C. B. and wife. Secretary County Park Commission Milwaukee, Wis. W^hittaker, H. A., Director Division of Sanitation State Board of Health Minneapolis, Minn. Williams, A., Mgr. Playground and Recreation Association of America New York, N. T. Wirth, Theodore and family, Supt. of Parks Minneapolis, Minn. Wolf, Conrad B. and wife, Supt. of Parks Hibbing, Minn. Wootton, A. S., Park Engineer Vancouver, B. C, Canada Wyman, Phelps, Park Commissioner Minneapolis, Minn. NEW INSTITUTE MEMBERS (Not included in list on Page 4) H. Lee Bancroft, Superintendent of Parks, Reed City, Mich.: Wm. T. Hornaday, Director Zoological Park, New York, N. Y.; Otto W. Spindell, City Forester, Milwaukee, Wis.; J. F. Neil, Secretary South Park Com., Chicago, 111.; C. Edmund Smith, Forester Park Dept., De- troit, Mich.; Wm. A. Stinchcomb, Director of Parks, Cleveland, Ohio; Walter H. Boyce, Forester Bronx Psirkway Com., New York, N. Y. — 94 — NEW AMERICAN PARK SOCIETY MEMBERS Allen, Joseph Minneapolis, Minn. Anderson, Chris Minneapolis, Minn. Andrews, A. C. Minneapolis, Minn. Barney, Fred E. Minneapolis, Minn. Bartlett, Francis A. Stamford Conn. Beach, Frank S. Minneapolis, Minn. Bearman, L. M. Minneapolis, Minn. Bertch, Robt. F. Minneapolis, Minn. Betz, Louis St. Paul Minn. Bintz, B. Lansing, Mich. Blake, C. L. Hibbing, Minn. Bovey, Wm. H. Minneapolis, Minn. Brearley, Chas. S. Minneapolis, Minn. Brown, S. F. Minneapolis, Minn. Bucholz, Wm. Kansas City, Mo. Burnham, H. G. Hibbing, Minn. Campbell, Robert G. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Christianson, Peter Minneapolis, Minn. Chute, Fred B. Minneapolis, Minn. Clapp, L. W. Wichita, Kansas Clapper, J. S. Minneapolis, Minn. Cone, Robert D. Minneapolis, Minn. Cunliflf, Nelson St. Louis, Mo. Dassett, Fred D. Minneapolis, Minn. Decker, W. F. Minneapolis, Minn. Dieckman, George E. St. Louis, Mo. Dornberg, H. B. Minneapolis, Minn. Erickson, Nels Minneapolis, Minn. Francis, Henry R. Syracuse, N. Y. Gale, Edward C. Minneapolis, Minn. Goodwin, F. Spencer Hartford, Conn. Gray, Geo. M. L Fostoria, Ohio Groesbeck, Hon. Alex J. Lansing, Mich. Hansen, Prof. Niels E. Brookings, S. Dak. Harris, W. L. Minneapolis, Minn. Hawkins, John St. Paul, Minn. Hill, Horace M. Minneapolis, Minn. Holstad, S. H. Minneapolis, Minn. Jacobson, S. Minneapolis, Minn. Jenkins, Wm. S. Minneapolis, Minn. Jewett, Arthur R. Minneapolis, Minn. Johnson, Chas. 0. Minneapolis, Minn. Jones, Robert F. 1 Minneapolis, Minn. ■Kaiser, Max St. Paul, Minn. Kelsey, Frederick W. New York City Kohlhaas, P. H. Minneapolis, Minn. Kingsley, Burton L. Minneapolis, Minn. Kuhlmann, W. H. , Minneapolis, Minn. Leighton, B. G. Minneapolis, Minn. Lind, Ernest L. Minot, N. Dak. Loomer, E. A. Mitchell, S. Dak. Magney, C. L. Duluth, Minn. McClellan, Fred L. Minneapolis, Minn. McRae, A. A. Minneapolis, Minn. Michaels, Joseph Minneapolis, Minn. — 95 — Morell, A. U. Minneapolis, Minn; Mosberg, Chris. Minneapolis, Minn. Nelson, Christ , Minneapolis, Minn. Nicoll, Frank P. Minneapolis, Minn. Nils, Dr. Juell Minneapolis, Minn. Nippert, Dr. L. A. Minneapolis, Minn. Parker, C. M. Minneapolis, Minn. Partridge, H. E. Minneapolis, Minn. Pfund, Paul Oak Park, 111. Phelps, Edmund J. Minneapolis, Minn. Rice, C. F. Minneapolis, Minn. Ridgway, J. A. Minneapolis, Minn. Ross, Howard L. Rochester, Mich. Ross, Edward C. Newburgh, N. Y. Scherer, Dr. Theo. A. Minneapolis, Minn. Schwyzer, Dr. Gustav Minneapolis, Minn. Sivertsen, Dr. Ivar Minneapolis, Minn. Slagle, Dr. Robert L. Vermillion, S. Dak. Snyder, Fred B. Minneapolis, Minn. Staring, Stanley S. Minneapolis, Minn. Strong, Mrs. A. W. , Minneapolis, Minn. Sutherland, James B. Minneapolis, Minn. Taylor, Mrs. H. J. Sioux City, Iowa Thielen, F. A. Minneapolis, Minn. Warner, Leon C. Minneapolis, Minn. Weir, L. H. New York City Weirick, Dr. H. R. Hibbing, Minn. Westover, Raymond Lincoln, Neb. White, Alain C. Litchfield, Conn. Witt, C. F. Minneapolis, Minn. Wunder, John Minneapolis, Minn. Wyman, Phelps Minneapolis, Minn. Yale, Washington Minneapolis, Minn. Zamboni, Wm. C. Owatonna, Minn. — 96- C'^N>Ci^^--a