F o / (Qarncll Htttaeraitg ffiihrary Strata, JJcto gark BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE JACOB H. SCHIFF ENDOWMENT FOR THE PROMOTION OF STUDIES IN HUMAN CIVILIZATION 1918 FRAGILE PAPER Please handle this book with care, as the paper is brittle. CENTENNIAL HISTORY USQUEHAMA COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA BY RHAMANTHUS M. STOCKER. ILiTJSTEATED. PHILADELPHIA: R. T. PECK & CO. 188 7. A ~~ YJ < t .] Copyright, 1887, By E. T. PECK & CO. All Rights Reserved. press of „. aOBOEBS PRINTING COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA. / ' I!.' PUBLISHERS' PREFACE. After more than a year, the history which we undertook to publish has been prepared by careful writers. The book is larger, by several hundred pages, than was advertised in the announcement. The engraving and mechanical execution of the work have been in the hands of capable artists. Early in the preparation of this volume, arrangements were made by the publishers with Miss Blackman, whereby any facts in her work could be used by the compilers of this history, by giving her due credit for the same. Miss Blackman's book has been particularly valuable in preparing pioneer history in the several localities, some of the matter having been obtained by her from persons now dead, facts that could not easily be duplicated. We cheerfully make this acknowledgment to the general value and accuracy of Miss Blackman's work. The compilers are indebted for courteous treatment and assistance to the county, town- ship aud borough officials, the clergy, the press, members of the bar, many school teachers, Hon. F. C. Bunnell and hundreds of others whose names are sometimes mentioned in con- nection with the information given by them. Especially are we indebted to the aged people of Susquehanna County (of whom there are many on her healthful hills) for the cheerful manner in which they have contributed of their knowledge of events happening in their childhood days ; and some of the pleasantest reminiscences of the compilers will be the remembrance of the aged men and women who have contributed to these annals. Among those who have thus assisted in this work, it may not be invidious to mention Rev. A. L. Benton, Rev. E. A. Warriner, Captain H. F. Beardsley, Superintendent B. E. James, Professor S. S. Thomas, Professor C. T. Thorpe, E. A. Weston, Esq., Deacon E. T. Tiffany, James T. Du Bois, Elder William C. Tilden, James C. Bushnell, Mrs. S. B. Chase and Mrs. H. D. Warner. Others who have contributed are mentioned in connection with the matter furnished. John L. Rockey, of Lebanon, Pa., wrote many of the townships and boroughs, and the whole work, in a comprehensive sense, has been under the editorial charge of Rhamanthus M. Stacker, Esq., of Honesdale, Pa. The Publishers. 1 i\H\\ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924028854689 EDITOR'S PREFACE. Susquehanna County belongs to that northern tier of counties that was claimed by Connecti- cut ; consequently the pioneer settlers were largely from Connecticut and other New England States. Settlements were begun in Susquehanna County one hundred and sixty-seven years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock, and soon after the close of the Revolutionary War in 1787. In presenting this Centennial History of the county to the public, we have endeavored to trace the history of the aborigines who inhabited or roamed over this region ; also the treaties between them and the whites, and the battles finally terminating with Sullivan's victory over the Six Nations, which forever destroyed the power of those confederated tribes over the territory embraced in this history. Although no part of Susquehanna County was engaged in the Pennamite War, yet it was a portion of the territory contended for, and the early settlement of this county was made largely by Revolutionary soldiers under the impulse of the Connecticut claimants, as represented by the Delaware and Susque- hanna Companies ; hence a brief history of the contentions between Connecticut and Pennsylvania for dominion, and lastly by individuals of those States for right of soil, have been given. While the dominion of Pennsylvania was established by the Trenton decree in 1782, the rights of individual owners to the soil which they had improved, was a subject of controversy for many years thereafter ; and individuals claiming under Connecticut title in Susquehanna County were prosecuted under the Pennsylvania Intrusion laws, and compelled to pay Pennsylvania owners for their lands. Realizing that the pioneer settlement of this county constitutes its heroic age, the compiler has endeavored to obtain the names of all the pioneers possible, with such incidents connected with their settlement as are deemed worthy of preservation in a history of the people, within the limits under- taken by the publishers of this volume. In so doing we do not claim to give every incident of interest that has happened in the many families of Susquehanna County ; to do that would require many volumes the size of this, and the details would become too burdensome for the general reader ; but it is our intention to give sufficient details of the privations, sufferings and hardships of the pioneers and subsequent settlers, with biographical sketches of men, in many cases accompanied by portraits, and such chapters on general history as shall make a very full and complete history of the county. To that end one chapter is devoted to the Legal, another to the Medical Profession. The Press and Authors, Education, Customs and Manners of the Pioneers and Military matters are considered in separate chapters. These general chapters, together with the borough and township histories, are intended to be sufficiently comprehensive to include all that is desirable to preserve for the general reader of the history of Susquehanna County. The New England States are justly proud of their history, and have preserved with religious care every incident obtainable in connection with the Pilgrim Fathers, but their pioneer history is that of foreign colonists settling their States. They were sturdy men and true, with a high conception of vi EDITOK'S PREFACE. liberty for their age, but with some of the spirit of intolerance and persecution which they had learned from their adversaries characteristic of that time ; but Susquehanna County is a child of liberty, settled after freedom's battle had been fought, largely by heroes who helped gain our independence. In 1787 Susquehanna County was a vast wilderness, unbroken and untrodden by any one save the Indians, and perchance an occasional hunter or trapper of the white race. In that year commencements were made at Great Bend, Harmony, Oakland and Brooklyn, and from those rude pioneer beginnings the settle- ment of Susquehanna County has proceeded until it now contains a thriving population of forty thousand or more inhabitants. The Federal constitution was adopted in 1787, so that the county had its growth and development under the American form of government; and her citizens have ever been tolerant in religion, progressive in education and liberty loving. During the anti-slavery contest, Montrose was the home of the fugitive slave, and in the temperance reform Susquehanna County has ever taken an advanced position. Her farming population are among the most intelligent in the State, and she has produced a large number of teachers, lawyers and doctors, and her full share of authors, statesmen, judges and clergymen. In the late war Susquehanna, true to her Revolutionary ancestry, contributed at least three thousand of her sons to preserve the Union. Surely this county has reason to preserve her history, and teach it to her children ; and it is believed that the perusal of these pages will increase a love of home and native land, and a veneration for the pioneer fathers who wrested homes from the wilderness and planted the school-house and the church side by side, and established a healthful condition of society which should be perpetuated and improved as knowledge and light increase from generation to generation. If any one thinks that his ancestors or his family have not received the notice they deserve, let him remember that "One Ca:sar lives, a thousand are forgot;" that there are no ten men in Susquehanna County or out of it that would agree as to the relative merit of the different individuals in it ; that doubtless many facts of interest have escaped the closest scrutiny of the compiler and his assistants. It has not been our intention, however, to omit any person or fact that deserves notice in this work. Our thanks are due, and are most heartily extended, to all that large number of persons who have encouraged and assisted us in the preparation of this history. R. M. Stocker. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAuES Aboriginal Inhabitants — Lenni Lenape — Six Nations — Extin- guishment of Indian Title— Historical Map of Northeastern Pennsylvania 1-5 CHAPTER II. Charles II. Charters— Connecticut, Susquehanna and Delaware Indian Purchases — Pennamite War — "Westmoreland County, 5-11 CHAPTER III. Battle of Wyoming — General Sullivan's March — General Clin- ton at Great Bend — Defeat of the Six Nations — An Indian Claim — Adventures of Hilborn 11-20 CHAPTER IV. Connecticut Claimants — Trenton Decree — Second Pennamite War — Erection of Luzerne County — Act of 1795 — Drinker's Letters— Bartlet Hinds Mobbed 20-26 CHAPTER Y. Land Titles — Warrantee Map — Names of Warrantees 20-37 CHAPTER VI. Topography — Geology, Forests, Zoology 38-43 CHAPTER VII. Lines of Travel — Indian Trials — Pioneer Roads — Turnpikes — Stage Routes — Railroads 43-61 CHAPTER VIII. Erection of Susquehanna County —County Map — Erection of Townships and Chartering of Boroughs — Census — Court- House— Civil List 01-70 CHAPTER IX. Bench and Bar — Personal Sketches 70-101 CHAPTER X. The Press— Editors 101-116 CHAPTER XI. Authors, Productions of 116-130 CHAPTER XII. Medical History and Dentistry — Early Reminiscences — Medical Society— Personal Sketches 130-179 CHAPTER XIII. Manners and Customs of the Pioneer Fathers and Mothers . . 179-184 CHAPTER XIV. Temperance — Early Societies — Woman's Christian Temperance Union 184-189 CHAPTER XV. pages General Education — Pioneer Schools — Public Schools — Acad- emies — County Institutes — Superintendents and Teachers . 189-196 CHAPTER XVI. Agriculture — Granges — Stock Breeding 196-210 CHAPTER XVII. Revolutionary Soldiers— Militia— Soldiers of 1812 210-213 CHAPTER XVIII. War of the Rebellion — Companies and Rosters of Soldiers — Sanitary Work 213-264 CHAPTER XIX. Grand Army Republic Posts — Women's Relief Corps — Monu- ment Association — Sketches of Officers — Sons of Veterans — Colored Volunteers 264-264J5 CHAPTER XX. Borough of Montrose 265-321 CHAPTER XXI. Bridgewater Township 321-352 CHAPTER XXII. Jessup Township 352-3G& CHAPTER XXIII. Dimock Township 366-388 CHAPTER XXIV. Springville Township 388-417 CHAPTER XXV. Auburn Township 417-436 CHAPTER XXVI. Rush Township 436-453 CHAPTER XXVII. Middletown Township 453-463 CHAPTER XXVIII. Apolacon Township 463-470 CHAPTER XXIX. Choconut Township 470-479 CHAPTER XXX. Forest Lake Township 479-496 CHAPTER XXXI. Friendsville Borough 490—499 CHAPTER XXXII. Silver Lake TownBhip 499-507 vii Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXXIII. pages Liberty Township 507-514 CHAPTER XXXIV. Franklin Township 614-528 CHAPTER XXXV. Great B»nd TownBhip 528-538 CHAPTER XXXVI. Great Bend Borough 638-546 CHAPTER XXXVII. Hallstead Borough 540-554 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Oakland Township 554-569 CHAPTER XXXIX. Harmony Township and Lanesboro' 569-688 CHAPTER XL. Susquehanna Borough 588-612 CHAPTER XLT. New Milford Township 612-630 CHAPTER XLII. New Milford Borough 630-648 CHAPTER XLIII. Brooklyn Township 648-676 CHAPTER XLIV. Lathrop Township PAGES 676-687 687-696 CHAPTER XLV. Hopbottom Borough CHAPTER XLVI. Lenox Township 696-712 CHAPTER XLVII. Harford Township 712-74.5 CHAPTEB XL VIII. Gibson Township 745-768 CHAPTER XLIX. Jackson Township 769-787 CHAPTER L. Clifford Township 787-806 CHAPTER LI. Dundaff Borough 806-813 CHAPTEB LII. Herrick Township and Uniondale Borough 713-823 CHAPTER LIII. Ararat Township 823-837 CHAPTER LIV. Thomson Township and Borough 637-846 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page Adams, A. J 735 Adams, Jamea W . . . 669 Ainey, Dr. D. 160 Avery, S. 825 Bailey, Amos 653 Bailey, Obadiah 654 Bailey, Frederick 655 Bailey, Henry L 656 Baker, I. P 387 Barnes, Amos 580 Barnes, 8. H 582 Beardsley, Albert 404 Beardsley, Captain H. F 264g Beebe, Bradley 560 Beebe, Charles 561 Bell, Elisha 689 Bell, Truman 690 Blackman, Miss E. .C 122 Blakeslee, Dr. E. L 97 Blakslee, B. F 393 Blakslee, L 394 Bloxham, J. B 831 Booth, William 490 Boyd, William H 289 Boyle, Judge John 634 Bradshaw, John 486 Brandt, H. W 584 Breed, R. F 661 Brewster, Horace 333 Brush, Calvin 564 Brush, B. L 384 Brush, Samuel 558 Bunnell, Kirby 352 Bunnell, William 3S8 Burdick, Philip 791 Bush, M. K 348 Callender, J. M 798 Cargill, James 774 Chase, Hon. S. B 188 Churches, Montrose Presbyterian 309 Montrose Baptist 305 Montrose Episcopal 316 Great Bend Methodist Episcopal 544 Harford Congregational 737 Susquehanna Catholic 605 Coach, Old-Time Stage 50 Cook, Judge J. H 592 Page Corse, Lieutenant A. D 781 Court-House 65 Curtis, C. J 339 Curtis, Gaylord 596 Dayton, Frederick 366 Dimock, Elder Davis 306 Dixon, C. B ■ ■ • 534 Doctor, Olden Time 130 Du Bois, J. T 115 Easterbrook, W. W 783 Estabrook, S. H 567 Ellis, Hon. C. H 820 Falkenbury, Hon. Samuel 594 Fargo, Frederick 372 Fitch, Hon. L. F 89 Fordham, D. C 291 France, J. M 428 French, Myron 264fr Follet, Elkanah T 732 Gardner, L 342 Gardner, J. F 344 Gardner, Dr. P. H 143 Gerritson, A. J 108 Gillet, J. L 750 Gray, A. W 447 Grims, Byron 356 Grimes, J. K 563 Grow, Hon. G. A 702 Guile, S. B 724 Hall, Major Martin 771 Hallstead, John 794 Halsey, Dr. C. C 148 Handrick, H. F 484 Harding, William 625 Hartley, M. J 697 Harvey, W. S 489 Head-Dress (Lady, 1776) 181 Hinds, Major D. D 324 E. P 158 , Dr. Hillis, J. S 445 James, B. E 195 Jeffers, Watson 728 Jessup, Hod. William 77 Jewett, Rodney 660 Johnson, John 684 Jones, H. M 723 Jones, William II 208 ix LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS. Page Kent, H. J 346 Kent, A. W 571 Kent, David , 658 Kietler, Stephen 542 Lake, J. L 384 Lamb, Dr. F. D 150 Lamb, C. W 565 Larrabee, Hon. M. J 95 Lathrop, Dr. I. B 154 Lathrop, Benjamin 329 Lathrop, Azur 284 Leslie, John 734 Little, Ralph 13 85 Loomis, Samuel 532 Loomis, G. 705 Lowry, J. W 795 Lyons, B. R 281 Lyons, S. A 579 Lyons, David 577 McCollum, Hon. J. B 81 Maps Northeastern Pennsylvania 5 Warrantee 33 County 63 Marsh, Kirby 510 Merriman, J. L 520 Messenger, E. K 813 Newton, J. M 666 O'Reilly, Very Rev. J. V 606 Oakley, Millbourn 725 Oakley, D. K 727 Old Log School-House 784 Peck, Levi R 730 Penn's Tea Service 180 Pickering, Jotham 778 Pickering, John D 768 Post, Isaac 269 Post, David 270 Post, William M • ■ 01 Pratt, Ezra A 638 Prichard, Orrin • 207 Richardson, Rev. Lyman 741 Richardson, Dr. W. L 140 Riley, Rev. Henry A 310 Riley, Minot 407 Rogers, Dr. William • 150 Sartell, Rev. N. P 8; i0 Saunders, Lyman 685 ,Schlager, Jacob 586 School Building, Susquehanna 60 1 Searle, Daniel 51 Searle, D. W ;| 3 Searle, R. S 2nl Sherer, Samuel 3.4 Sherman, H.K 39o Sherwood, W. H *« Smiley, John 758 Page Smith, Dr. L. A 14 ° Smith, Dr. E. N 139 Smith, R. W 518 Streeter, Dr. J. B 136 Strickland, Ezra 398 Strickland, P 40 ° Strickland, Ira A 4,jl Stoddard, Cheater 845 Stone, 0. W 360 Stephens, Benjamin 411 Stephens, J. B 801 Squier, Albert 412 Sweet, Captain A. T 264d Sweet, Lorenzo 682 Tarbell, J. S 294 Taylor, James P 105 Taylor, Jacob 575 Taylor, David 576 Tewksbury, Samuel 425 Tewksbury, John 426 Tewksbury, Franklin 652 Thorpe, C. T 603 Tiffany, E. T 715 Tiffany, E. M 692 Tiffany, M. L 693 Tilden, Elder W. C 494 Tingley, Norman 626 Tingley, Deacon F 720 Titus, Leonard 718 Turrell, Hon. W. J 87 Turrel], Abel 282 Turrell, II. F 292 Vail, Dr. J. D 163 Van Cott, James 642 Very, Zerah 721 Walker, George 375 Walker, Sarah M 264 Warrantee Map 33 Washburn, Oscar 7.7 Watrous, Spencer o^q Watrous, D. S 667 Wells, E. C 337 Westfall, Levi ,,,-7 Weston, E. A M0 Wheaton, N. P ,„., White, William . 9? Whitney, F. M I iD Whitney, M. T Williams, Hon. W. W . . . 74S Williams, Dyer . . . ' 680 Williams, John .... 766 Wilson, Mason S . . . . 279 Woodward, George . . 764 Wright, Dr. Samuel . 174 Wright, Myron B . . . 593 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER I. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. Lenni T.enapo — Six Nations — Extinguishment of Indian Title. When the territory now comprised in the county of Susquehanna was first known to the white man it contained no Indian settlement, but was a wilderness waste, occupied temporarily by the hunting parties of the Six Nations or Iroquois, who held dominion to the northward, and the Lenni Lenape, who lived on the south. The Lenni Lenape, or original people, as they called themselves, were one of the noblest tribes of Indians in North America. When Henry Hudson rode at anchor on the majestic river which bears his name, just above the Highlands, in the ship "Half Moon," September 15, 1609, he was mot by the Lenni Lenape. "Full of simple sublimity and lofty poetry was the con- ception these savages first formed of the strange, white-faced men, in dress, bearing and speech different from their own, who came in the winged canoe to their shores." Thev welcomed them as superior beings sent to them as messen- gers of peace from the abode of the Great Spirit, and honored them with sacrificial feasts and with gifts. Hudson recorded that above the Highlands " they found a very loving people, and very old men and were well used." The Lenni Le- nape claimed that they had existed from the be- ginning; that they were the original people. "The Miamis, Wyandots, Shawanese aud many others admitted their antiquity and called them grandfathers." They have a legend that centu- ries before the white man came to their shores their ancestors, who lived beyond the "Father of Waters" — the Mamaesi Sipu or Mississippi — near the wide sea where the sun sank every night, traveled eastward iu search of a fairer land, of which their prophets had told them. That near the Mississippi they met the Mengwe or Iroquois. They journeyed eastward together, neither in warfare nor friendship, until it be- came necessary for them to unite their forces against the Allegwi, whom they finally defeated and nearly exterminated, "sweeping them for- ward as the wind does the dry leaves of the forest." Both tribes wandered eastward until the Mengwe struck the Hudson and the Lenni Lenape the Delaware or Lenape Wihittuck (the river or stream of the Lenape). Here, in the beautiful Minisink A T alley, they established their council-fire, and made it the central seat of their power, being satisfied that this was the fair land of which their prophets had told them. Con- sidering their faith in these traditions, which made this the loved home of the Lenni Lenape, HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. put upon the elaware and sadly took their march westward. A portion of them went to Shamokin, where Sunbury now is. A few of them settled on the Juniata, near Lewistown, but the greater number of them, under Tademc, went to Wyoming, below Wilkes-Barre, where they built a, village in 174*2. The Monscys oc- cupied the Lackawanna Valley under their chief, Capoure. Thus was the power of the once proud and warlike Lenni Lenape broken forever. True, Teedyuscung rallied a remnant of this once powerful race in L 755, and tried to expel the pale-faced intruders from their old home, but it only resulted in their committing a great many ravages in Monroe and Northampton Counties, particularly in the vicinity of Stroudsburg and Smithfield. Teedyuscung gained such promi- nence that the chief's of the Iroquois were jeal- ous of him. He participated in several great councils in Philadelphia and Easton, and ably championed the cause of his people. Just, twelve years after the unfortunate " Walking Purchase " was made, and while the contention in regard to it was still carried on, a portion of the territory which it covered and very much more was secured from the Del- aware, or Lenape, and the Six Nations by pur- chase, the consideration being £300 "lawful money of Pennsylvania." This purchase inclu- ded a belt of country stretching from the Dela- ware to the Susquehanna ; having as its south boundary the Blue Mountains. In this scope of country thus obtained, lies the whole of the present Monroe County, the greater part of Pike, a very small portion of Wayne (the ex- treme tip of its southern pan-handle), the whole of Carbon and Schuylkill and parts of Lacka- wanna, Luzerne, Columbia, Northumberland, Dauphin and Lebanon. The treaty was consummated August 22, 1749, at Philadelphia, the parties being Edward Warner, Lynford Larduer, receiver-general of the province, William Peters, Richard Peters, secretary of the province, and others, and the sachems and chiefs of the Six Nations, Dela- wares, Shamokin and Shawanese Indians. After the treaty of 174!) another purchase of lands was made from the Indians in 17ii.S. The treaty was made between the representatives of Thomas and Richard Penu and the sachems of the Six Nations, at Fort Stauwix (now Home, N. Y.), and concluded Nov. 5, 1768. By its terms the Indian title was released from an im- mense belt of country, northwest of the lands ceded by the treaties of 1749, 1754 and ] 7. r )8 and extending diagonally across the entire pro- vince from the Delaware River, in the north- EARLY SETTLEMENTS. eastern corner, to the boundaries of Virginia on the west, and of Virginia and Maryland on the south. All of the territory of the present Wayne County, except a very small fraction of its southern extremity, was included in this cession, which embraced the whole of Susquehanna, Wyoming, Sullivan, Montour, Green, Wash- ington, Fayette, Westmoreland, Somerset and Cambria, and parts of Lackawanna, Luzerne, Columbia, Northumberland, Union, Snyder, Bradford, Lycoming, Clinton, Centre, Clear- field, Indiana, Armstrong, Allegheny and Bea- ver. In the deed from the Six Nations, the terri- tory of the purchase was described as follows : "All that part of the Province of Pennsylvania not heretofore purchased of the Indians, within the said general boundary line, and beginning in the said Boundary line on the east side of the east Branch of the River Susquehanna, at a place called Owegy, and running with the said boundary Line down the said Branch, on the east side thereof, till it conies opposite the mouth of a Greek called by the Indians Awandac (Tawandee) and across the River, and up the said Creek on the south side thereof and along the range of hills called Burnett's Hills by the English and by the Indians ' — on the north side of them, to the head of a creek which runs into the West Branch of the Susquehanna ; then crossing the said River and run- ning up the same on the South side thereof, the sev- eral courses thereof, to the forks of the same River which lies nearest to a place on the River Ohio '* called Kittanning, and from the said fork, by a straight line to Kittanning aforesaid, and then down the said Ohio by the several courses thereof, to where the western Bounds of the said Province of Pennsylvania crosses the same river, and then with the same western Bounds to the South boundary thereof, and with the South boundary aforesaid to the east side of the Alle- gheny hills, on the east side of them to the west line of a tract of Land purchased by the Said Proprietors from the Six Nations, and confirmed October 23, 1758, and then with the Northern bounds of that Tract to the River Susquehanna and crossing the River Susquehanna to the Northern Boundary line of another tract of Land purchased of the Indians by i At a subsequent treaty at Fort Stanwbt (October, 1784), the Pennsyl- vania Commissioners inquired of the Indiana what wu,s their name for the range called by the English " Harnett's Hills," to which they re- plied that they knew them by no other name than the " Long Moun- tains. " As to the creek called by them " Tiadaghtou," they explained that it was the same known by the whites as Pine Creek, which flows into the West Branch of the Susquehanna from the northward. ^Meaning the Allegheny, to which the Indians always gave the name of Ohio. Deed (August 22, 1749), and then with that northern Line, to the River Delaware at the North side of the mouth of a. creek called Lechawachsein, then of the said River Delaware on the west side thereof to the intersection of it by an east line to be drawn from Owegy aforesaid to the said River Delaware and then with that east Line, to the beginning, at Owegy afore- said." CHAPTER II. EARLY .SETTLEMENTS. Charles II. Charters— Connecticut, Susquehanna and Delaware Indian Purchases— Pennamite War — Westmoreland County. Susquehanna County was included in Westmoreland County, and attached to Litch- field County under the Connecticut claim, which afterwards led to difficulties, under the opera- tion of the Intrusion Laws, in respect to land titles. Although the territory comprising the county of Susquehanna was not settled until after the Trenton decree in 178:2 had declared that "Connecticut had no right to the lands in controvei'sey," it was chiefly settled by men from the New England States, and the descend- ants of the Wyoming settlers under Connecti- cut title ; hence it is pertinent to our subject to briefly examine the conflicting claims between the proprietaries of Pennsylvania and the colony of Connecticut. "To begin with, it must be stated that the contest for the possession of Northern Pennsylvania had its origin in the ignorance or indifference of the British moiiarchs concerning American geography, and con- sequent confusion in the granting of charters to the several colonies, several of them overlapping, and thus causing conflicts of authority over ownership and possession. " The charter of Connecticut was granted by Charles II. in 1662, and was confirmatory to the charter granted by James I. to ' the < fraud Council of Plymouth for planting and governing New England in America' in 1620, and also to a deed given in 1(131 by the Elarl of Warwick, then president of the Plym- outh Council, to Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brooke and others, by which was conveyed to them that part of New England afterwards purchased by the colony of Connecticut. The charter granted to the colony all the lands west of it, to the extent of its breadth, from sea to sea, or ' from Narragansett River, one hundred and twenty miles on a straight line, mar the 6 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. shore towards the southwest, as the coast lies towards Virginia, and within that breadth from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea.' ' This measurement would bring the southern line of Connecticut nearly or quite to the forty-first degree of north latitude (upon or near which Stroudsburg, Monroe County, is lo- cated), and thus had the claim been maintained, Penn- sylvania would have been diminished to the extent of over two-fifths of its present territory. The charter included an exception of lands 'then actually pos- sessed or inhabited by any other Christian prince or State,' and under this exception the Dutch posses- sions of New York, or the New Netherlands, extend- ing to the Delaware, were exempted from the ' sea to sen' charter of Connecticut. The lands of the Dutch were never vested in the British crown until the con- quest of 1664, and in 1650 articles of agreement re- specting their eastern line had been made between them and Connecticut. On the conquest of the Dutch by the English — their lands having been given to the Duke of York (afterwards James II., brother of Charles II.) — the line established in 1650 was agreed upon as ' the western bound of the Colony of Connec- ticut,' as it was the eastern of the Duke's lands — a statement which was afterwards taken advantage of by Pennsylvania and construed into a relinquishment by Connecticut of all claim to lauds west, of the Delaware, although they had been distinctly included in the charter of 1662." By the charter granted to William Penn in 1681 by Charles II., be was invested with the ownership of a vast province — greater than the present State — having the end of the forty- second degree of north latitude, or the beginning of latitude forty-three degrees north for a north- ern boundary, and thus overlapping by one de- cree the grant made to Connecticut by the same sovereign nineteen year* before. The Pennsyl- vania charter also included a portion of the lands before granted to Lord Baltimore, just as Lord Baltimore's patent had covered lands long vested in Virginia, and thus there was error all arouud. The King, however, undoubtedly acted in good faith, if in ignorance. When the Quaker petitioned for his charter it was referred to the attorney-general of the crown, Sir William Jones, who reported that " the tract of land de- sired by Mr. Penn seems to be undisposed of by His Majesty, except the imaginary lines of New England patents, which arc bounded west- ward!)' by the main ocean, should give them a i The \iigiiel.vluiu\vu Pacific wtis then 6u called. real, though impracticable right to all of those vast territories." The Connecticut-Susquehanna Company was formed in 1753, and consisted at first of eight hundred and forty persons, including a large proportion of the leading men of the colony. Afterwards the number of proprietors was aug- mented to twelve hundred. "Their action," says Miner, the historian of Wyoming, " may be regarded as an unofficial popular movement of the colony itself."" Their purpose was to purchase the Indian title within the charter limits of the colony of Connecticut on the waters of the Susquehanna, and this they did at a council held with the Six Nations Indians in Albany, in July, 1704. The treaty was con- cluded and a deed executed on the 11th of the month. The consideration for and the bound- aries of the purchased lands were given in the deed. After describing the grantors as "the chiefs, sachems and heads of the Six Nations and the native proprietors of the laud," ami setting forth that the same lies within the limits of the royal charter to Connecticut mentioning the application of the grantees being subjects of King George the Second, ami inhabitants of Connecticut, and expressing the good under- standing which had mutually subsisted between the parties, their wish for its continuance and the benefits which would result from a settle- ment, the deed contains these words : " Now, therefore, for and in consideration thereof, and for the further, full and ample consideration of the sum of two thousand pounds of current money of the province of New York, to us, to our full satisfaction, before the ensealing hereof, contended and paid, the receipt whereof, to our full content, we do hereby acknowledge, there- upon do give, grant, bargain, sell, convey aud confirm to," etc. (here follow the nanus of the grantees), " which said given and granted tract of lands is butted, bounded and described as followeth, viz. : Beginning from the one and fortieth degree of north latitude at ten miles distance east of Susquehanna River and from thence with a northerly line, ten miles east of the river, to the forty-second or beginning of the forty-third degree of north latitude, and to - Miner's " History of Wyoming,' 1 p. 6S. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. extend west two degrees of longitude, one hun- dred and twenty miles, and from thence south to the beginning of the forty-second degree, and from thence east to the aforementioned bounds, which is ten miles east of the Susquehanna River." These boundaries did not include Sus- quehanna County, but they included the beauti- ful Wyoming Valley and a great extent of territory extending westward to the headwaters of the Allegheny River. The Delaware Company, subsequent to the Susquehanna Company's purchase, bought with less formality the Indian title from certain chiefs of all the land bounded east by the Dela- ware River, within the forty-second degree of latitude, west to the line of the Susquehanna purchase, viz., ten miles east of that river. This purchase included Susquehanna County ; and it was under the auspices of this company that the first settlement of the Connecticut claimants was made at Cushutunk, on the Dela- ware River, in 1757. The amount of land in- cluded in the two purchases, according to Miner, embraced territory about seventy miles wide by one hundred and twenty miles long, or some five million acres. Both purchases were immediately made known to the Pennsylvania authorities, and, in fact, commissioners from the province were present at the Albany council. The Governor at once wrote Sir William Johnson, requesting him, if possible, to induce the Indians to deny the regularity of the purchase, and he took various other means to defeat the Connecticut scheme. The Susquehanna Company, having com- pleted its purchase, concluded to divide the land into shares, which were to be distributed, and called a general meeting, to be held at Hartford, for that purpose. They had very shrewdly eudeavored to interest Pennsylva- nians, especially those of the frontier settle- ments, in their enterprise, and had succeeded in some measure. The territory purchased of the Six Nations formerly belonged to the Lenni Lenape, and it became politic for the proprietary Governors to cultivate friendship with this unfortunate people again, but they were precluded by their own acts from claiming any title through the Delawares, for it will be remembered that they called on the Six Nations to enforce the unjust Walking Purchase, thereby acknowledging their dominion over this very territory. The first settlement at Wyoming was made in the spring of 1762 — if, indeed, settlement it could be called in which the men, after plant- ing, and, perhaps, securing some of their crops, retired to their Connecticut homes for the winter. In the following spring, however, they came back prepared to establish themselves permanently, bringing their stock, household goods and, it is probable, all that they pos- sessed. But their hopes were doomed to early and sudden blight. The Delaware Indians, who claimed the lands on the Susquehanna and Delaware, em- braced in the Connecticut charter, averred that they had never sold any of their possessions on the former river, though they admitted that some of their lesser chiefs had, in an irregular way, granted a title to those on the Delaware, and they complained bitterly of the presence of white men upon these lands, which, they as- serted, had been " bought from under their feet " of the Six Nations. The provincial au- thorities were constantly beset with applications to have the trespassers removed, and there were not wanting evidences that the Indians would take the matter in their own hands if the au- thorities did not intervene. Such was the con- dition of the Indian mind when Teedyuscuug, king of the Delawares, was burned to death in his cabin on the night of April lit, 17G3. While this deed was unquestionably committed by his Indian enemies, either by or through the influence of the Six Nations, Indian cun- uing ascribed the murder to the New England people. The people of the dead chief now be- came clamorous for the removal of the settlers, and several times importuned the government to drive them from the valley. The Governor having, in June, 1763, re- ceived fresh complaints from the Indians at Wyoming that the Connecticut trespassers were still obstinately prosecuting their settlement on the lands there and at Cushutunk, thought proper, on the 2d of that month, to issue a HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. third proclamation requiring those intruders forthwith to remove from the lands. He also appointed James Burd and Thomas McKee, Esqs., justices of the peace, and gave them written instructions to proceed to Wyoming, and having convened the people settled there, publicly to read his proclamation to them ; to use the utmost endeavors, by expostulations and arguments, to prevail on them to relin- quish their scheme of settling the lands there, and to depart peaceably without delay; other- wise to cause some of its principals to be appre- hended and carried to the "Goal" at Lancaster. Hon. James Hamilton, Esquire, Lieutenant- Governor and commander-in-chief of the prov- ince of Pennsylvania and the counties of New- castle, Kent and Sussex upon the Delaware, issued three proclamations forbidding " all his Majesty's subjects to intrude upon any Land within the Province not yet purchased of the Indians." "And hereby strictly charging all Sheriffs, Magistrates, Peace Officers and other people within this province to exert themselves to bring to justice and condign punishment all Offenders in the Premises." This proclamation was issued ostensibly in the interest of " the Delaware and other tribes of Indians, and also the Six Nation Indians" wdio, according to the proclamation, " have re- peatedly made complaints and Remonstrances to me against the said Practices and Attempts, and insisted that the Intruders be removed by the Government to which they belonged, or by me, and declared that otherwise they would remove them by force and do themselves Jus- tice, but desired that the Intruders might be previously acquainted therewith." This pro- clamation was either intended as a friendly warning to the so-called intruders or it was a shrewd bid for Indian support. Doubtless the Governor would have been well satisfied if the settlers had left peaceably, but he did not lose sight of Indian friendship and assistance in his shrewd proclamation. This proclamation, like those directed exclu- sively against Cushutunk, availed nothing. The few Connecticut people at Wyoming unfortu- nately did not heed it. The Indians were sullen. A storm was portending, and upon the 15th of October (1763) it suddenly broke. The In- dians, without the slightest warning, raised the war-whoop and fell with fury upon the defence- less village. About twenty men were killed and scalped, and those who escaped a horrible death — men, women and children — fled to the mountains, and after long wandering in the wilderness, destitute of food and almost desti- tute of clothing, found their way to older settle- ments and eventually to their Connecticut homes. 1 This was the first massacre of Wyo- ming — not a part of the Pennamite War, but an example of Indian ferocity in the resentment of real or imagined wrong. The government sent soldiers to the scene of the massacre, but they found the valley deserted by the Indians. After this terrible experience no attempt was made by the Susquehanna Company to settle Wyoming until 1769. In the meantime the proprietary government had fortified itself with a deed from the Six Nations and other Indians of all that portion of the province, not before bought, which lay in the limits of the Connecti- cut claim. This was procured at the treaty held in 176K. 2 And now commenced in earnest the strife, foot to foot and hand to hand, for the occupation of the lovely valley of Wyoming and, practically, for the possession of that part of Pennsylvania between the forty-first and forty-second parallels of latitude — the struggle known in history as "the Pennamite War." To give an adequate history of this long, event- ful contest between the Pennsylvania and Con- necticut immigrants would alone require a volume, and, for that reason and the fact that the leading events of the war occurred on terri- tory of which it is not our province to treat iu this work, we attempt only such a brief analvsis of important general movements as is necessary to a proper understanding of local events which come within the field which is our subject. Each party, at the opening of the year 1769, was pretty well prepared to assert and defend its claims. There had been action upon each side something like that of two armies in the field as they prepare to meet for a stubborn cam- paign. Of the Susquehanna Company's party 1 Miner's "History of Wyoming," p. 54. - Sec Chapter 1. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. which determined to effect the planting of a colony at Wyoming, Captain Zebulon Butler, a hero of the French and Indian War, was by common consent regarded the leader, if not actually clothed with official power. There were a number of other strong characters among the Connecticut adventurers, and they were not wanting in friends and adherents within the limits of Pennsylvania. Among these were Benjamin Shoemaker, of Smith field, and John McDowell. : The propri- etary leaders were Charles Stewart, afterwards an efficient officer of the Pennsylvania Line ; Captain Amos Ogden, the military leader; and John Jennings, Esq., high sheriff of North- ampton County, civil magistrate. " These three constituted the Chief Executive Directory, to conduct the proprietaries' affairs at Wyoming. To these a lease had been executed for one hun- dred acres of land for seven years, upon condi- tion that they should establish an Indian trading- house thereon, and defend the valley from en- croachment." These three men were first on the ground, having arrived in January, 1769. They repaired the block- house and huts located a mile above Wilkes- Barre, on the Susquehanna, at the mouth of Mill Creek, that had been aban- doned by the settlers of 1763. On the 8th of February the first forty of the Yankee detach- ment arrived, and, finding their expected shelter in the hands of the Pennamites, commenced to besiege the block-house by cutting off communi- cations with the surrounding country. They also erected a small block-house across the river at Kingston, afterwards called Forty Fort. Captain Ogden, seeing that something must be done, requested a conference. Messrs. Elder- kin, Tripp and Follett repaired to his quarters in accordance therewith, and were arrested by Ogden in the name of Pennsylvania and taken to Easton jail, accompanied by their thirty-seven associates, where they were released on bail given by William L. Ledley. This event clearly shows the naturally peaceful character of the pioneer Wyoming settlers, and their respect for civil process. After being liberated they immediately returned to Wyoming, where thir- l Miuer, p. 106. ty-one of them were again arrested by Ogden and Jennings, who returned with a large force and took them to Easton, and they were again released on bail, and again returned to the dis- puted territory. In April one hundred and sixty more Yankees arrived, and erected a fort on the river-bank near Wilkes-Barre, which they named Fort Durkee, in honor of their leader. Colonel Dyer and Major Elderkin went to Philadelphia about this time, with full powers to adjust all matters in dispute peace- ably ; but they accomplished nothing. On the 24th of June Colonel Francis, with an armed force, demanded the surrender of Fort Durkee, which was refused. Governor Penn instructed Sheriff Jennings to raise a sufficient force to oust the Yankees without bloodshed, if possible. Ogden seized a few prisoners who were in their houses, among them Major Durkee. Sheriff Jennings, with two hundred men, was joined by Captain Patterson, from Fort Augusta, with an iron four-pounder. This, together with the loss of their commander, so appalled the garrison that they surrendered. Three or four leading men were detained as prisoners ; seventeen Con- necticut men were to remain and gather the ripening harvest ; all others were to leave the valley immediately, and private property was to be respected." Taking up their sad march, with their wives and little ones, these exiles made their way back to Connecticut. Their suffer- ings were great during this march, and Chap- man says that one woman roasted and fed her dead child to her surviving children to keep them alive. Captain Ogden, to his disgrace as a man and a soldier, plundered the seventeen who had been left to gather the crops of all means of subsist- ence, driving away the cattle, horses, sheep, etc., to the settlements on the Delaware, where he sold them. The seventeen, having been plun- dered in violation of the terms of surrender, were compelled to follow their exiled comrades. Thus closed the first campaign in the Penna- raite War. The Yankees were three times ex- pelled, and finally compelled to abandon the settlement. 1(1 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The Yankees, however, were not long inac- tive. In February, 1770, in connection with a number of people from Lancaster, they again appeared upon the ground, and they easily took possession of the fort, which had only a small garrison. Ogden remained at the place with a number of his men, fortified in a block-house, which was besieged, and he was obliged to capitulate, and, with his followers, depart from Wyoming, after which his house was burnt in retaliation for the deeds he had committed the year before. This was in April, and in Septem- ber following, after Governor Peun had issued a proclamation warning the Yankees to depart from Wyoming, Ogden led an armed party against his late victors, took several of them prisoners as they were engaged, unprotected, at their farm-work, and finally captured the fort, after killing a number of their garrison. Cap- tain Butler himself would have been bayoneted by the attacking party after they had gained an entrance had it not been for Captai n Craig, who commanded a detachment of Ogden's men. During this siege the Wyoming men attempted to send messengers to Cushutunk, but the paths were watched by Ogden's scouts, who captured them. In the fall of 1771 the Pennamites, who then had possession of the garrison, were com- pelled to surrender, having been reduced to a starving condition by the Yankees, who had cut off all supplies from the surrounding country. By the terms of surrender, the Pennsylvania troops were to withdraw, twenty-three of them bearing arms. The men having families were given two weeks in which to remove, with the privilege of taking their effects. Thus ended the first Pennamite War, which hail been waged with varying success as a half civil and half military movement. The loss of life was not great, but the constant annoyance and distress caused to these hardy pioneers cannot now be fully appreciated. This was one of the first contests waged against monopoly in this country. On the one hand was the rich proprietor, who would only rent lands for a term of years to his adherents, for maintaining his cause in the valley, while on the other hand was the actual settler. From this time forth the Yankees began to pour into the valley, causing it to blossom as the rose. '"In 1773 the government of Connecticut, which, up to this time, had left the Susquehanna and Dela- ware Companies to manage their own affairs, now de- cided to make its claim to all the lands within the charter, west of the province of New York, and in a legal manner to support the same. Commissioners appointed by the Assembly proceeded to Philadel- phia ' to negotiate a mode of bringing the controversy to an amicable conclusion.' But every proposition ottered by them was declined by the Governor and Council of Pennsylvania, who saw no way to prevent a repetition of the troubles in Wyoming, except by the settlers evacuating the lands until a legal decision could be obtained. "In the meantime the people had accepted articles, framed by the Susquehanna Company, at Hartford, Conn., June 2, 1773, for the government of the settle- ment, and acknowledged them to be of force until the colony of Connecticut should annex them to one of its counties, or make them a distinct county ; or until they should obtain, either from the colony, or from ' His gracious Majesty, King George the Third,' a more permanent or established mode of government. ' But his majesty soon had weightier matters to decide with his American subjects, which were settled by his acknowledgment of their Independence.' " On the report of the Commissioners to the Assem- bly of Connecticut, after their return from Philadel- phia, decisive measures were adopted by the Assem- bly to bring the settlement on the Susquehanna under their immediate jurisdiction. An act was passed early in January, 1774, erecting all the territory within her charter limits, from the river Delaware to a line fifteen miles west of the Susquehanna, into a town with all the corporate powers of other towns of the colony, to be called Westmoreland, attaching it to the county of Litchfield. The town was seventy miles square, and was divided into townships five miles square, though those townships comprised within the Connecticut Delaware purchase were, for the most part, six miles square." Susquehanna County was included in this vast township and was divided into townships. Hibernia, Peru, Waterford, Ruby, Keview, Cunningham, Julian, Abbas, Huniades, Dan- dolo, Manor, Chebar, Bidwell, Dundee, Kino- S - bury, Newry, Monmouth, St. Patrick and Simo are names of townships that lav wholly or in part within the present Susipiehanna County. 1 Blackmail's "Hietorj INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 11 The following is a list of 1 MEMBERS FROM WESTMORELAND TO CONNECTICUT ASSEMBLY. April, 1774, Zebulon Butler, Timothy Smith ; Sep- tember, 1774, Christopher Avery, John Jenkins ; April, 1775, Captain Z. Butler, Joseph Sluman; Sep- tember, 1775, Captain Z. Butler, Major Ezekiel Pierce ; May, 1775, John Jenkins, Solomon Strong; October, 1776, Colonel Z. Butler, Colonel Nathan Denison ; May. 1777, John Jenkins, Isaac Tripp ; May, 1778, Nathan Denison, Anderson Dana; October, 1778, Colonel N. Denison, Lieutenant Asahel Buck ; May, 1779, Colonel N. Denison, Dea. John Hurlbut; May, 1780, John Hurlbut, Jonathan Fitch ; October, 1780, Nathan Denison, John Hurlbut; May, 1781, John Hurlbut, Jonathan Fitch ; October, 1781, Obadiah Gore, Captain John Franklin ; May, 1782, Obadiah Gore, Jonathan Fitch ; October, 1783, Obadiah Gore, Jonathan Fitch. MEMBERS FROM LUZERNE COUNTY TO PENNSYL- VANIA ASSEMBLY. Council. 1787, 1788 and 1789, to the 9th of October, Nathan Denison ; 30th of October, 1789, to 20th of December, 1790, Lord Butler. On the 20th of December, 1790, the Council closed its session. The State was organized under the Constitution of 1790, and a Senate took the place of a Council. As Susquehanna County was associated with Luzerne in choosing legislators, previous to 1829, the following table of Senators and Rep- resentees to 1811, the year following the or- ganization of the county, will be profitable for reference : Senate. 1790 (with Northumberland and Huntington), William Montgomery; 1792, William Hepburn; 1794, George Wilson (with Northumberland, Mifflin and Lycoming); 1796, Samuel Dale (with Northumber- land, Mifflin and Lycoming) ; 1798, Samuel McClay ; 1800, James Harris; 1801, Jonas Hartzell (with Northampton and Wayne); 1803, Thomas Mewhorter; 1805, William Lattimore; 1807, Matthias Gross; 1808, Nathan Palmer (with Northumberland) ; 1810, James Laird. House. (Year of election given.) 1787, John Paul Schott ; 1788, 1789 and 1790, Oba- diah Gore; 1791 and 1792, Simon Spaulding ; 1793, Ebenezer Bowman ; 1794, Benjamin Carpenter ; 1795 and 1796, John Franklin; 1797 and 1798, Boswell Welles; 1799 and 1800, John Franklin; 1801, John l Blackinau'e " History uf Susquehanna County. Franklin, Lord Butler ; 1802, John Franklin, Bos- well Welles; 1803, John Franklin, John Jenkins; 1804, Roswell Welles, Jonas Ingham ; 1805, Roswell Welles, Nathan Beach; 1806, Roswell Welles, Moses Coolbaugh; 1807, Charles Miner, Nathan Beach; 1808, Charles Miner, Benjamin Dorrance ; 1809 and 1810, B. Dorrance, Thomas Graham; 1811, Thomas Graham, Jonathan Stevens. CHAPTER III INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. Battle of Wyoming— General Sullivan's March — General Clinton at Great Bend — Defeat of the Six Nations— An Indian Claim — Ad- ventures of Hilborn. We have briefly given the overthrow of the Lenni Lenapc who lived south of Susquehanna County, and visited it as a hunting-ground. It is pertinent to our inquiries to notice the overthrow of their powerful neighbors on the north, who were at last compelled to submit to the same power that they had assisted, only a ; few years before, in removing the Delawares from their loved home. During the Revolu- tionary War the inhabitants of Wyoming were very patriotic, and two hundred men were en- listed and joined the army to help fight the battles of Liberty and Independence. This took many of the bravest men from Westmore- land County, which then contained about two thousand five hundred inhabitants ; and left the settlement in an unprotected condition, an opportunity which the Indians, Tories and British were not slow to improve. On the 3d of July, 1778, occurred the world- famous massacre of Wyoming. The confeder- ated Six Nations, who had been induced by the British in 1777 to take the war-path against the Americans, committed great ravages in New York during that year, and in the follow- ing they determined to make a murderous foray into Pennsylvania, with the especial object of striking the settlements on the two branches of the Susquehanna, which were left in an almost defenceless condition through the departure of their patriotic men for the army. The Wyoming settlement was very naturally 12 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the object of the Englishmen's especial hatred, because of the devotion its people had shown to the cause of liberty ; and it was easily accessible by the North Branch of the Susquehanna. Late in June there descended that stream, under the command of Colonel John Butler, a force of eleven hundred men, four hundred of whom were Tory rangers and regular soldiers of Sir John Johnson's Royal Greens, with seven hun- dred Indians, chiefly Senecas. Jenkins' Fort capitulated, and Wintermoot's (which, as was afterwards learned, was built to aid the incur- sions of the Tories), at once opened its gates to the invading host. At Wyoming were several so-called forts, mere stockades, in no one of which was there a cannon or an adequate gar- rison, the arms-bearing men nearly all being absent, as has heretofore been stated. Colonel Zebulon Butler, who happened to be at Wyo- ming, took command by invitation of the peo- ple, and the little band, consisting chiefly of old men and boys, with a handful of undisci- plined militia, against whom eleven hundred warriors had marched, made as heroic a stand as the world ever saw. And so upon that fatal 3d of July they marched out to meet and fight the enemy, for a safe retreat with their families was impossible, and surrender seems never to have been thought of. It is beyond our province in this work to describe the uneven battle and the slaughter which ensued. Suffice it to say that the brave defenders, about four hundred in number, were defeated by the assailing force, outnumbering them by nearly three to one. Then followed the horrible massacre — a carnival of murder and torture performed by fiends. But who is there who knows not Wyoming? Who that does not shudder at the recall of that name ? Of four hundred men who went into battle, but sixty escaped the fury of the Indians. That bloody day made one hundred and fifty widows and six hundred orphans in the valley. And now the Wyoming Valley is a scene of pastoral quiet and loveliness, as if, in recom- pense for the dark deeds done, the Creator had breathed upon the bosom of nature there the benison of eternal peace. The massacre of Wyoming thrilled the world with horror. What, then, must have been the feelings of those people who had reason to think they might at any hour meet with the same fate which had extinguished the lives of the four hundred settlers of the beautiful valley ? The whole border was filled with the wildest alarm, and a fever of fear took possession of the people even as far down the country as Bethlehem and Easton. Flight was the only recourse for the few ter- ror-stricken survivors. A r ain efforts were made to concentrate the settlement at Forty Fort, but the tide of panic had already set in, and by night of the day of battle fugitives were flying in every direction to the wilderness. It was a wild, chaotic, precipitate hegira. All was con- fusion, consternation, horror. The poor, terri- fied people, men, women and children, scarcely thinking or caring whither their trembling footsteps led, if they could only escape the sav- age enemy and cruel death, fled onward into the wilderness and night. The general direction pursued was towards the Delaware and the Stroudsburg settlement. Every passage into the forest was thronged. On the old Warrior's Path there were, says Miner, in one company, nearly one hundred women and children, with but one man, Jonathan Fitch, to advise or aid them. The terrified fugitives fled through the Dismal Swamp or Shades of Death, and the Great Swamp to the west and southwest. Children were born and children died in that forced march through the wilderness. Some wandered out of the way and were lost, others died from wounds and starvation, but the srreat- er number reached the settlements about Strouds- burg and along the Delaware, where the Ger- man settlers treated them kindly, and some found their way back to Connecticut, Miner says : " In addition to those in train band, the judges of the court and all the civil officers who were near, went out, Many old men — some of them grandfathers — took their muskets and marched to the field. For instance, the aged Mr. Searle, of Kingston, was one. Havino- become bald, he wore a wig ; taking out his silver knee-buckles, he said to his family : ' If I fall I shall not need them ; if I come back they will be safe here.' He was killed, and the INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 13 Indians kept the wig as a trophy. His son Roger fled to Connecticut, but afterwards re- turned to Wyoming. His sons Daniel, Leon- ard and Raselas became residents of Montrose. Reubeu Wells' father was also killed in that battle. His widow fled to Connecticut, where they remained until 1797, when they returned to Frenchtown, and in 1812 Reuben settled in South Montrose. Elisha Williams, grandfather of W. W. Williams, was one that escaped. Perry Gardner, grandfather of Latham Gard- ner, and his son Jonathan, then only twelve years old, were there. Probably many more of the residents of Susquehanna County are de- scendants of ancestors who were in that battle." It is not within the scope of this work to notice all the barbarities practiced upon the Wyoming settlers by Tories and Indians who had been hired by the British agents to do this dastardly work. But the hour of punishment came at last. General Washington determined to send a sufficient force into the Indian country to break up their savage haunts. To this end General Clinton, with sixteen hundred men, was ordered to advance from the Hudson to Tioga Point, and General Sullivan was ordered to rendezvous at Easton. From this point he sent a German regiment of three hundred men .to reinforce Colonel Butler, and on the 19th of April Major Powell arrived at Wyoming with an additional force of two hundred and fifty men. This force was fired upon by ambushed Indians, and a number of them were killed. On the 18th of June, 1779, General Sullivan left Easton with two thousand five hundred men. He went by way of the Wind Gap, Pocono Creek, White Oak Run and Birch Hill. Arriving at Mud Run, they encamped on a knoll which they named Hungry Hill. Here they encamped for a few days waiting for pro- visions from Easton. From this point they cut a road through the Dismal Swamp around Lo- cust Ridge, thence westwardly seven miles across the Lehigh to the Old Shupp road to Wyoming. On the 31st of July, at the head of some three thousand men, General Sullivan broke camp at Wyoming and began his march up the Susquehanna. Accompanying the troops were three hundred boats laden with provisions, cannon and munitions of war. They marched up the river in good order. Following in the train were many hundred pack-horses laden with one month's provisions. On the 11th of August Sullivan arrived at Tioga Point and halted for General Clinton to come up. " ' When General Clinton arrived at the head of the river, Otsego Lake, he found the water very low, and the navigation of the Sus- quehanna on rafts, as intended, impracticable. In order to raise the water, it was decided to build a dam at the foot of the lake, which some of the soldiers, under the directions of the officers, proceeded to do, while others were de- tailed to construct timber rafts below, upon which the army was to descend the river. When the dam was completed, the rafts being ready, and a sufficient quantity of water having accumulated in the lake, the flood-gates were opened, away sped the fleet of rafts, with their noble burden, amid the loud cheers of the soldiers. " Very soon new troubles arose, for not one of these sixteen hundred men knew anything about navigating the Susquehanna. The Indian canoes only had heretofore broken the stillness of its waters; consequently some of the many rafts were at almost every turn brought to a stand-still by the bars and shallows of the river. These ' shipwrecks,' as the soldiers called them, produced shouts of mirth and laughter from those who were more fortunate in drifting clear of the shoals ; but, as the water was rapidly rising from the great supply in the lake above, these stranded rafts were soon afloat again, and very soon were passing some of those rafts which had first passed them, and from whose crews came shouts of derisive laughter, and now were stranded in like manner. Both officers and men enjoyed this novel campaign on rafts down the beautiful Susqehanna (to use the officer's word) ' highly.' He said that, notwithstanding they had to keep a sharp look- out for the ' Red Skins,' it did not in the least mar the great enjoyment of the sports of this rafting expedition; fishing, frolic and fuu were 1 Blackmail's " History.' 14 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the order of the clay. Nothing worthy of mention happened to the expedition on their way to this place, and here, on a bright summer day in 1779, they landed to pass the night, and to allow some of the dilatory rafts to come up, and here at Great Bend, on the Flats near the ' Three Indian Apple Trees,' General James Clinton's army encamped, and here, for one night at least, brightly burned the camp-fires of sixteen hundred of the soldiers of the Revolu- tion. The officer in his diary says of the three Indian Apple Trees which they found here, that they then bore the marks of great age. There were no Indians seen here by them, although there was every indication of their having only recently left. The next day they went on board of their rafts and proceeded down the river" until they arrived at Tioga Point, where they rested with General Sullivan, and together moved up the river and gave the Indians battle at Newtown, near Elmira, New York. There was not so great loss of life in this battle, the whites losing thirty killed, but the victory over the Six Nations was complete. Their wigwams and teeming fields of corn were laid waste with rigid severity, and their peach orchards were ruthlessly cut down. The fell blow broke the power of the Six Nations for- ever. 1 There are remnants of this once power- ful confederacy ou reservations in the State of New York. They occasionally visit the valley, over which they once held despotic sway, with curious bead-work which they have for sale. Au Indian woman who sells these articles will usually sit apart from the rest and murmur, " Me poor Indian," " Me lone Indian," until some one will come along and half out of pity buy her trinkets. And this is all that remains of the once proud lords of the soil, whose friend- ship was courted by the French and British, the Governors of New York and of Pennsyl- vania, and the United Colonies at the time of the Revolution. The Indians occasionally visited Susquehanna County after the pioneer settlers came here. David Rittenhouse and Andrew W. Ellicott, on the part of Pennsyl- vania, and James Clinton and Simeon De Witt, l These Indians have adopted the ways of civilization and have culti- vated farms. on the part of New York, ran the dividing line between the two States in 1786. During the survey Ellicott wrote to his wife from the " 2 Banks of the Susquehanna," under date of August (J, 178li, that he had "just returned from attending divine service of the Indians in their camp. This will appear no doubt strange to you, but stranger yet when I assure you that I have found more true religion among them than with the white inhabitants on the frontier. They are of the Church of England, and have the service complete in their own language. They sing psalms to admiration. . . . Pray do not fail to inform Dr. West of this circum- stance. The Indian town of 3 Shauaug is about twelve miles from our present position. The head sachem, with his family, have been with us many days— he has a daughter by the name of Sally and a niece who lives with us, and share iu all our amusements, such as cards aud draughts, commonly called checkards. Com- missioner De Witt has taken a picture of the daughter, which I intend to have copied large by Billy West." Miss Blackmail has recorded some incidents written by J. Du Bois, from which the follow- ing is taken : "The writer, anxious to learn something about the Indians that once lived iu this valley, concluded to question the doctor.* I again visited the Log Tavern. I found the doctor reclining on the grassy slope of the bank of the Susquehanna, near the Indian Apple Trees. Armed with a pipe and tobacco, I approached him and presented them, retreated to a respectable distance and sat down, aud watched him as he drew forth the steel, the flint, aud striking tire, proceeded to test the quality of the Indian weed. Boy-like I at once commenced to question him, and as he re- mained silent, I piled question upon question, without even waiting for an answer, not knowing at that time that an Indian never answered a question immedi- ately, but first smokes, then thinks, and then answers. After almost exhausting my list of inquiries, I re- mained silent. The Indian, after puffing away at the pipe for some time, said, ' Boy want to know much, Indian tell him some. When a boy, I lived here, many Indians lived along this valley of the Susquehanna, we belonged to the Confederate Five Nations, after- - " Boundaries of the State of New York," Vol. I. 3 Binghamton stauds where Shanang formerly stood. Colonel Gere thinks that this letter was written from Little Meadows, Susquehanna County. 4 Au Indian Doctor. INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 15 wards called the Six Nations.' He then proceeded to state in his own language that this valley was for a, long time the frontier of the Confederacy. At that time the Delaware Indians claimed all the lands up to, the Susquehanna River, at the same time the Confed-' eracy claimed to the Delaware River, and land lying between these two rivers was disputed ground, and many were the conflicts betweeu the hunters on this disputed territory. After a while the Six Nations 1 conquered the Delawares, and extended their authority as far south as the Chesapeake Bay. During the War of the Revolution the Indians quietly withdrew from this valley, and all of them, except the Oneidas, joined the British and were nearly all exterminated in the battles which followed. Before the Revolution the Indians raised great crops of corn along these river flats. " 'All over yonder,' said he, pointing to the hills on the south side of the river, 'elk, elk, deer, too, plenty, very plenty, fish in this river very plenty, Indian lived well.' I asked the doctor where the Indians buried their dead; he pointed toward Dimon's flats, saying, ' there we bury our dead.' I then told the doctor, that when the workmen were excavating the ground for the northern abutment of the first Great Bend Bridge, they discovered the skeleton of what they supposed to be a large Indian (as it was found in the sitting posture). I asked him how this Indian came to be buried there. After puffing away at the pipe as if in deep thought, he replied, ' The Delaware Indian, he die in his canoe, we bury him there.' I asked him by what death did he die, but received no answer. Not being willing to give it up so, I told the doctor that this Delaware Indian, as he called him, had a large hole in his skull, to which he replied, ' Delaware bad Indian.' Pursuing my inquiry in another direc- tion, I asked him if a hostile Indian was detected as a spy, if by their laws it was death ; he answered yes. And upon inquiring, he said that they never bury those belonging to another tribe with their own dead. He further said that the Three Apple Trees was the rallying point and headquarters for all the Indians in the neighborhood. Here councils were held, marriages celebrated, feasts observed, war-dances performed, and the fate of prisoners decided. " An Indian Claim. — Jonathan Dimon was one of the early white settlers of this valley. He settled on the farm now owned and occupied by Mr. Carl. When Jonathan Dimon left the valley of the Hudson River, and removed to this, then called wilderness, West, his son, Charles Dimon, had not completed his education, and did not come on to his father here until some years later. A few days after his arrival his father told him to go upon the flats and plow up an old ' Indian burying-ground.' (This burying- ground was located about the centre of the lately- talked-of fair ground, and proposed race track, and on each side of what now remains of an old hedge.) More than thirty years ago the writer had this narrative from our late and much -esteemed fellow-townsman, Charles Dimon. He said that he felt many misgivings about thus disturbing the burial- place of the dead, and asked his father what he should do with those curious stones that marked the last resting-place of the Indians. His father told him that when he plowed up near enough to these stones to loosen them, to carefully take them up and pile them up by the fence. He said that with a heavy heart he proceeded to do as his father bade him, but would much rather have plowed elsewhere. After working awhile, his oxen needed rest; at this time he was very near the bank of the river, and was sit- ting on his plowbeam with his back towards the river. He said that, in spite of himself, his thoughts would run on about the red men who once inhabited this valley. True, his father had told him that no Indians had been here for a long time, they had long since removed to other 'hunting-grounds,' or had fallen in battle before the superior arms of the white man. He thought, and could not help thinking, what would be his fate if the Indians should happen to come along and find him plowing up the graves, and removing the stones that they had set up to mark the last resting-places of their 'fathers?' While these thoughts were troubling him, he heard a low guttural, yet musical sound, or combination of sounds, which came from the river behind him. It was different from anything that he had ever heard. He turned his face toward the river ; a screen of willows partly hid from his view objects on the river nearest to him, and as these strange sounds came nearer, he peered through the bushes and — said he to the writer — ' imagine, if you can, my feelings and surprise, when I tell you that I saw close to me a large canoe full of Indians, and this had barely passed the opening before another canoe full of Indians came in sight. I immediately unhitched the oxen and hurried out of that field, and away to the house. Being somewhat excited at what I had seen, I said to father, that I thought it very unsafe to plow in the Indian burying-field while the Indians were about. Father told me to explain ; I did, by telling what I had seen. He told me to go down to the ferry, and see if the Indians landed. I went to the ferry, which then occupied the present site of the Great Bend Bridge across the Susquehanna River. And there, at the Log Tavern, which then stood on the site of the two-story house opposite to and near the toll-house, I found the Indians, about twenty in num- ber.' A crowd of the curious soon collected, and an 'inquisitive' Yankee soon learned from the Indian interpreter, that they had come to claim all that strip of land lying north of the Susquehanna River, and south of the forty-second parallel of latitude, declar- ing that they had never sold it, and that they wanted to meet the settlers and have a talk. This declaration of the interpreter caused the crowd to disperse in every direction to notify the settlers, and when these messengers told the settlers that a large party of 16 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Indians were at the Log Tavern, and claimed their lands, they, too, left their plows and wended their way to the Log Tavern, and as they came together on the way thither, they sainted each other after this manner, 'What now, what next? here we have been trembling about our titles; Pennsylvania claims us, Connecticut claims us, and now, after all, here come the aborigines themselves, to claim our lands, and, if we should refuse, perhaps will take our scalps.' " By evening a number of settlers had collected, and, as they had no speaker among them, they chose one for the occasion ; he was a kind of backwoods lawyer of those days (his name, as well as many other inter- esting incidents of this meeting, have, I am sorry to say, gone from the memory of the writer). Among those early settlers that were named as having attended this meeting, and were interested therein, I can only remember the following: Captain Ichabod Buck, Captain Jonathan Newman, Jonathan Dimon, Sylva- nus Hatch, Josiah Stewart, David Buck, Noble Trow- bridge and James Newman. After all were seated in the old Log Tavern, the speaker for the settlers arose, and told the Indian interpreter that all were now ready to hear the talk of their chief. "Mauy eyes were now turned toward the central figure of a group of noble-looking Indians. But at this time some of the whites present were whispering to each other, and at the same time, wondering why the chief rose not. After a while the interpreter arose, and gave these inattentive whispering whites a just and well-merited rebuke. 'Friends,' said he, 'I perceive that you do not understand the character of the red men, when assembled in council. No Indian will rise to speak until there is perfect silence and attention, and there is nothing he more dislikes than a whispering, inattentive audience.' After this rebuke from the interpreter, silence reigned. The chief, a man of great stature and noble bearing, soon arose, and spoke in the Indian dialect, which was well interpreted, sentence by sentence, in good Euglish, and was, as near as the writer can remember, as follows: 'Friends and brothers, once our fathers had their wigwams on these beautiful banks of the Sus- quehanna; once they chased the elk, the deer, the bear, over the beautiful hills that surround us; once we had full possession of this valley, and no one disputed our right. Moon after moon rolled on, and our fathers left the valley for better hunting-grounds, north and west, but before they left, "good Father Onas" (William Feun) made a treaty with our fathers, by which they sold him a large piece of land, which is called after William Penn — Pennsylvania — he gave our fathers a copy of the treaty — large paper— which, I am sorry to say, is lost. Now our learned young men tell us, that in this treaty with good father Onas, the northern line of his purchase here was the Sus- quehanna River, and not the forty-second parallel of north latitude, as laid down on the " paper pictures "— maps — of the whites. Now, brothers, we come to you as the representatives of our nation to claim this land. We believe we have never sold it. A\ e come not to take it from you, but to sell it. Our good father Onas— William Penn— always dealt fair with the red man. We would never claim anything that was wrong of the children or friends of Onaa if we knew it. When famine came upon the early friends ot Onas, did not our fathers supply the wants of the starving friends of Onas, by hunting and fishing for them, and when bad hostile Indians troubled them, did not our fathers place the white feather of protec- tion over the doors of their log wigwams. And while we acknowledge that bad Indians, many bad Indians, did take the king's money and fight with the king's men, our brothers will witness, and your history of the war will witness, that the nation, or that part of the nation that we represent— the Oneidas — never raised the war-cry against our brothers. And now, if we have a good right to this land, we have great con- fidence in our friends, the children of our great and good father, William Penn, that they will do right and just by us. We wait your answer.' "The speaker for the settlers, after a few words in an undertone with them, made a low bow to the chief and to the other members of the delegation who sat on each side of their chief, in the form of a semi- circle, and said : ' Friends and brothers, we are pleased with the words of the noble chief who has so elo- quently spoken. The settlers, who now surround me, have chosen me to answer the chief. They desire me to thank him, and the other braves who sit before us, for the kind and pacific manner in which their great chief has set forth their claim to this part of the land we occupy, and upon which we have built our wigwams. They also desire ine to say, that they are not ignorant that those that you represent were alwavs the friends of our good father, William Penn. and have always proved true to his friends, and shall always cherish in remembrance those kind offices of our red brethren in times past. And here, almost under the shade of the three "Old Indian Apple Trees," planted by your fathers, we pledge ourselves anew to our red brothers, that nothing arising out of your present claim shall mar the peace or lessen the friendship that has so long existed between us. We are very sorry, however, to inform you that our "head man,'' Judge William Thomson, is away on a long journey, and as to your rights to this land, we must confess that we are ignorant. We settled here holding the titles to our lands under the charter of William Penn, never doubting his knowledge as to the extent of his purchase of your fathers. When our "head man" returns, and it should prove that our good father, and your good father, Onas, was mistaken Tand that your fathers never parted with this land, we pledge ourselves, as the honest descendants of ' the good William Penn, to buy of you these lands, on which we have settled and built our wigwams. If our brothers will tarry with us until our "head man'' INDIAN DEPKEDATIONS. 17 returns, which will be in eight or ten days, the hospi- talities of this Log Tavern shall be yours, without cost to you, and in the mean time 3 7 ou can amuse yourselves, perhaps, in hunting the deer on these beautiful hills, where once your fathers trod. And if our brothers desire it, we will join you in the chase. But if you cannot gratify us in this, but must sooner return to your own people, then we pledge ourselves again, that you shall hear from us when our head man returns.' "The interpreter of the Indians, after consulting with the delegates, said, that, in behalf of his com- panions, he returned many thanks for the very kind answer, and for their pressing invitation to remain and enjoy the hospitalities of their friends; 'but,' said he, 'we are compelled to deny ourselves this great enjoyment. Business at the Council-House of the Six Nations demands our return, where among our own people they would await a letter from our head man, and there would invoke their Great Spirit —your Great God — to shower blessings upon the head of the friends of William Penn.' "The next day these Indians left for their homes in Northern New York. When Judge Thomson returned, the settlers soon acquainted him with this new claim to their lands. Judge Thomson sent to the capital of the State for a certified copy of William Penn's 1 treaty with the Indians. In due time the Judge received a fac-simile copy of said treaty, and many of our citizens of that day had the pleasure of seeiDg and examining this copy of Penn's treaty with the Indians, before the Judge forwarded the same to the Council-House of the Six Nations. This copy was described to the writer, as a great curiosity. The names of all the chiefs were plainly written out, and at the termination of each name was the sign manual or mark of the chief; at the end of one name was a bow, another an arrow, another a bow and arrow crossed, another deers' horns, another a deer's head and horns, another the form of a new moon, etc., etc., each name having a different mark representing their implements of war, hunting, game, trophies, etc. "This treaty plainly fixed the northern boundary of our State on the forty-second parallel of north latitude, thus dissipating the fears of the settlers. This copy of Penn's treaty Judge Thomson forwarded to the address left by the Indians, since which time neither our fathers, nor we of the second or third generation, have heard anything more about the Indians' claim to these lands." The capture and escape of John Hilborn formed one of the most notable occurrences of the Indian War of the Revolutionary period. Of this we give quite a minute account, partly because Mr. Hilborn afterwards became one of l Treaty at Fort Stanwix, 1768. See Chapter I. the pioneers 2 of Susquehanna County and partly because of its intrinsic and illustrative interest. " 3 Mr. Hilborn and his few scattered neighbors had, in their isolated condition, become apprehensive of the danger of a sudden attack by the Indians, and had agreed to keep each other informed on what was taking place, by communicating as frequently as pos- sible. Among these neighbors was John Price, a relative of Hilborn's, who lived seven miles above, on the north branch of the creek. " One morning in the early part of June, 1779, an old woman came running down the stream in great distress, saying that her son's family were all killed or taken prisoners by the Indians, herself only escaping. This family resided on the west branch of the creek, though I am uuable to give the name. " Mr. Hilborn set out immediately to give the warning to John Price. On his way, after ascending a hill, he saw the house in flames from which the family had been captured. Proceeding in the direc- tion of Mr. Price's, and when about one mile from the burning dwelling, on ascending another hill, he found himself suddenly surrounded by five Indians, all armed with guns, who demanded his surrender ; seeing no possibility of escape, he felt that he must submit to whatever conditions they might be disposed to exact, and resolved to do it with as good grace as possible. They then informed him (as they all spoke tolerably good English) that if he would give a sol- emn promise not to attempt to escape, they would spare his life ; if not, they would kill him on the spot. He made the promise, and, as will appear, kept it faithfully during the entire period of his captivity. They then bound a heavy burthen on his back and ordered him to march. Soon after they passed in sight of John Price's house, where a halt was made. The Indians questioned Hilborn closely as to who lived there, what sort of a man he was, whether he was rich, etc., and also whether he kept a gun. He answered truthfully all their questions; that Price was a peaceable, quiet man, that he was not rich, that he kept a gun, as every one did, to supply himself with game, that he took no part in the war, etc. Af- ter an exciting talk of considerable length they con- cluded to pass by the house of Mr. Price and spare him for the present, to the great relief of Mr. Hilborn. He discovered that all the family whose house they had burned were in company except one little boy, who, on account of his loud cries — as lie some time af- ter learned — was killed at the house. They made rapid marches all the way to the North Branch of the Susquehanna, crossing many streames of considera- ble depth, which they were obliged to wade, and - See Harmony township. 3 The sketch is contributed by Luke W. Brodhead, who derived it from Paul S. Preston, who, in turn, had the facts from the journal of his father, Samuel Preston, of Stockport, Wayne County, written in 17S7. 18 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. proved a cause of much suffering to the women and children, who hecame greatly fatigued and at times nearly exhausted. They crossed the Susquehanna above the mouth of the Tioga, and found the former deep and difficult of passage, so much so that two of the young girls were only saved from drowning by the extraordinary efforts of Mr. Hilborn. He seems to have had great sympathy for this captive family, con- sisting of the mother and four or five children, af- fording them all the relief possible in their tiresome journey, and encouraging them, whenever opportu- nity afforded, with comforting words ; and they were greatly endeared to him, confirming our observations of all similar experience in life, that community of suffering makes the sufferers kin. After crossing the Susquehanna the Indians seemed to feel themselves out of danger of pursuit, and their marches were thereafter much easier. A little girl of the captive family became a great favorite with all the Indians, and was treated with much kindness, they doing ev- erything possible for her comfort on the journey, promising her many things on their arrival at their home in Shenango, telling her many times that she should have plenty of milk, etc. But what seemed very remarkable, in view of the care and consideration bestowed on this child, was the fact that they fre- quently showed her the scalp of her little brother, killed at the house, the sight of which caused her to weep bitterly. " After crossing the river, a few short marches brought them to the place where their canoes were tied up ; why they were not left on the opposite side of the river on setting out with their expedition, Mr. Hilborn could not understand. They placed him in one of the canoes with the larger portion of the party, and under guard, ordered him to pole it up the stream, which he did the whole distance to Shenango. They frequently went ashore, and on one occasion the old Delaware Indian, who seemed to act the part of a chief, went out hunting and killed a large buck. On his return he ordered two Indians, young men, with Mr. Hilborn, to go and dress the deer and bring it in. One of these Indians was a Delaware, a large, coarse man, the other a genteel young Mohawk, who had on several occasions before shown kindness to Mr. Hil- born. The Delaware was surly and overbearing and ordered the young Mohawk to dress the deer, which he undertook, but not succeeding very well, they soon engaged in a quarrel in their own language and finally in a desperate fight. The Mohawk, though the younger, was the more active and proved the con- queror, compelling the Delaware to finish dressing the deer. " On the arrival of the party at the Indian settle- ments at Shenango, Mr. Hilborn found himself quite ill from exposure, and nearly exhausted. He was compelled to perform a great amount of severe labor for the Indians, and imposed an additional amount on himself in his efforts to relieve his fellow-captives. In this condition he learned to his horror that he was required to undergo the severe ordeal of running the gauntlet. "The arrival of the party seemed soon to be gener- ally known at the different Indian towns near, as a large and jubilant crowd was soon collected, composed mainly of women and children, wdio were to be Mr. Hilborn's tormentors, and who seemed eager to en- gage in the sport of lashing the poor captive- Two long lines were formed, composed of women and children armed with whips and clubs, through which Mr. Hilborn was to pass. The young Mohawk, of whom mention has been made, stood by silently watching with evident displeasure the preparations for this humiliating method of torture, so universally prevalent among his people, feeling that the prisoner in his present condition was unable to endure the punishment. Mr. Hilborn was ordered to start at a given signal ; he attempted to run as well as he could, but he had proceeded but a few paces when the brave and generous young Mohawk broke in the ranks and arrested its further progress ; the confusion that ensued lasted but a moment, as he boldly announced his determination, and right from custom, to offer himself to run in place of the sick captive. He was accepted, and ran the whole course ; notwithstanding his remarkable agility, he was severely punished, but he endured it without a word of complaint and ap- parently with stoical indifference. The young Mo- hawk continued the friend of Mr. Hilborn through- out his captivity and was always kind and consider- ate towards him. "During his stay at Shenango the Indians received intelligence of General Sullivan's intention of com- ing up the Susquehanna to destroy their towns and growing crops ; this information produced the wildest excitement, and on the part of some of the warriors, exhibitions of violent rage. "They had a large body of thebest of land under cultivation, with the prospect of an abundant harvest of Indian corn, beans, etc., and the thought of having it destroyed was a natural cause of anxiety. " About the time of receiving intelligence of the movements of General Sullivan they were holding a council in reference to an expedition to the settle- ments on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, to be commanded by the celebrated Capt. Brandt and Capt. Montour. Hilborn was informed of this contemplated expedition by his friend, the young Mohawk, who seemed to be privy to all that was taking place. He expressed his fears for the fate of Hilborn should this expedition be attended with unfavorable results, and also in case General Sullivan's army should make its appearance. The prisoners in either case would be treated badly. Hilborn now for the first time made efforts to obtain for himself and his companions re- lease from captivity, and for this purpose had an in- terview with the old Delaware chief who took him prisoner. He made no attempts at misstatement, for INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 19 lie found the old man exceedingly shrewd and any efforts to deceive him would he fruitless. He told him that he was a Quaker, that he had taken no part in the war, that it was against his religious principles to fight, etc., and that the women and children could do them no harm ; but all his arguments were in vain ; the only reply was that, ' all the Yankees have the same story.' Yet they treated him with more con- sideration after this interview. His employment was now, and had been for some time, to attend to the cultivation of the growing corn. (As is well known, General Sullivan in a few weeks from this time ren- dered desolate this whole region of country, destroy- ing forty villages, some of them containing as many as a hundred houses, together with 160,000 bushels of corn, leaving scarce a trace of vegetation on the sur- face.) "Mr. Hilborn, now finding that he could not pur- chase his freedom by entreaties, laid a plan for his escape. He concluded to take a canoe at night and quietly push down the Susquehanna until morning, and then hide the craft in the mouth of some creek, while he watched from an elevated position to ascer- tain if he was pursued ; if so, to take his chances by land, and if not, to again take the canoe and at night make his way down the stream. In planning his es- cape his mind became greatly exercised, for notwith- standing the promise made on the day of his capture was not voluntary, having been extorted from him at the peril of his life, and therefore not strictly binding, yet when he came to make the trial, he could not with a clear conscience disregard the pledges he had given and falsify his word ; yet the plan of escape was deemed practical, and he had many opportunities for putting it in execution. On one occasion he was sent some distance for water ; a strong impulse to re- gain his freedom suddenly took possession of him, and he dropped his camp-kettle and began to run. After going about half a mile he again thought of the promise on which his life had been spared, and as speedily returned to the camp with the water. " Capt. Brandt was arranging now for his intended expedition against the settlements on the West Branch of the Susquehanna. " Hilborn heard from his Indian friend his opinion of the high character of the Mohawk chief, whom he described as the greatest man among the Indian na- tions ; that he had been educated in New England, had since been in London in company with Guy Johnston, and now held a commission under the crown, and that he was noted as much for his humanity as for his bravery. Mr. Hilborn now resolved to call on Brandt and state his case as well as he could. He found him in his tent, seated at a table, writing, and dressed in a calico wrapper. He was received with great politeness, and Capt. Brandt acted towards him more like an English gentleman than an Indian chief. He listened attentively to what Mr. Hilborn had to say, and seemed to have much sympathy for him, but finally told him that as he was a prisoner of the Del- awares, he could not interfere for him, as he was a Mohawk. Yet Hilborn believed that the interview was of service to him, for it was ordered soon after that he should be sent to Niagara and delivered to the English there. " After bidding farewell to his generous Indian friend, he was conducted through the Genesee coun- try, where he saw large bodies of beautiful land un- der cultivation by the Indians. "From Niagara he was ordered on board a vessel to be sent to Quebec. In passing down the St. Law- rence the water was exceedingly rapid and the navi- gation appeared dangerous. The vessel was con- ducted by a Frenchman with much skill, and he arrived safely in Quebec in just two months from the time he was taken prisoner. Here he was under no restraint and seemed to be left to take care of himself. He was now hungry, moneyless and almost naked. In this extremity he applied to an Irish colonel in the British service for relief. The colonel listened to the relation he gave of himself, and, to Hilborn's sur- prise, loaned him money enough to purchase a toler- ably decent suit of clothes and something to eat. " He now made effort to obtain employment, by which he might support himself for the present and discharge his obligation to the generous colonel. Happening to mention to him that he was a miller by trade, he at once sent him to a mill of his own on the opposite side of the river, to work for a time on trial. In this new situation he did everything in his power to show his gratitude by furthering the interests of his employer. He made several alterations, re-dressed the stones, etc., and after a little time had the mill doing better than it had ever done before. The col- onel was greatly pleased and soon after made him superintendent of the whole business of purchasing grain, selling the flour, as well as attending to its manufacture, the sale of flour amounting to about £100 per week. He remained in this situation over a year, but with constant longing to return home ; yet no opportunity was afforded. He at length made known his desire to the colonel, who seemed very re- luctant to part with him, and offered to give him whatever wages he might in reason ask, if he would remain. " But seeing he had his heart set on getting to his home, the colonel generously procured a passage for him in a transport about to sail for New York. They sailed by the Newfoundland fisheries, when, the cap- tain receiving information of a French fleet lying off the coast, they put into Halifax. He remained in Nova Scotia a considerable time, when he again took passage and was finally landed in New Jersey, some- where near Amboy, from which place he walked to his father's house, in Makefield, and from thence to his home on Brodhead's Creek, having been away just two years from the time of his capture." 20 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The family captured with Mr. Hilborn were all released and returned safely home, excepting one of the children, who died at Niagara. CHAPTER IV. CONNECTICUT CLAIMANTS. Trenton Decree — Second Pennamito War — Erection of Luzerne County — Act of 1795 — Drinker's Letters — Bartlett Hinds Mobbed. Fifteen days after the surrender of Lord Cornwallis a petition was presented to Con- gress " from the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, stating a matter in dispute be- tween the said State and the State of Connecti- cut, respecting sundry lands lying on the east branch of the river Susquehanna, and praying a hearing in the premises, agreeable to the ninth article of the Confederation." Arrange- ments to this effect were made, and one year later, November 12, 1782, a court composed of five commissioners— Messrs. Whipple, Arnold, Houston, Griffin and Brearly — convened at Trenton, N. J. Messrs. Bradford, Peed, Wil- son and Sergeant appeared as counsel for Penn- sylvania, and Messrs. Dyer, Johnson and Root were the agents from Connecticut. The court declined to order notice to be given to the settlers at Wyoming claiming the land, as that question did not come before them, the ques- tion they were empowered to decide being solely that of jurisdiction. After sitting forty-one judicial days, in which the parties, represented by their counsel, had proceeded with their pleas, they gave their decision in these few words : "We are unanimously of the opinion that Con- necticut has no right to the lands in controversy. " We are also unanimously of opinion. that the juris- diction and pre-emption of all the territory lying within the charter of Pennsylvania, and now claimed by the State of Connecticut, do of right belong to the State of Pennsylvania," It is generally conceded by those who have investigated the subject, that this decision was political and had reference to the future welfare of the States. The War of the Revolution being over, the States found it necessary to unite in one general government, without loosing their autonomy as States however. Had the decision been in favor of the Connecticut claimants, it would have made a State composed of two parts, separated by New York. In placing the dis- puted territory under the jurisdiction of Penn- sylvania, it made one compact State of contiguous territory. Geographically considered, then, the decision was correct; but legally considered, the Connecticut claim was far the stronger. The Connecticut charter was first, her Indian pur- chase was first and she was first by occupancy. This certainly made a strong case. The com- missioners only decided the question of jurisdic- tion. It would have been wise and just had the Pennsylvania government shown proper respect for the rights of the hard-working pioneers who had braved every danger and suffered untold hardships to make improve- ments in an inhospitable, waste, howling wilder- ness. Had Pennsylvania presented every one of these hardy pioneers with a deed for the land he occupied, it would have been both politic and just. The unoccupied lands were increased in value by the improvements made by these settlers, so that the land speculator need not have lost anything. The Pennsylvania Legislature vacillated from one course to another, but eventually fell into the hands of the land speculator altogether and proceeded to eject the Connecticut claimants by force. 111 With the close of 1782, and the Trenton decree, the jurisdiction of Connecticut ceased. Before that decree the court had expressly stated that the right of soil did not come before them, and thus the settlers were content to be transferred from one State to the jurisdiction of another ; but events soon made it ap- parent that expulsion, or the entire abandonment of their possessions, was to be preliminary to any adjust- ment of existing difficulties. The land had been purchased by Pennsylvania speculators, 2 while it svas occupied by those who held it under title from the Susquehanna Company ; and the Legislature of Penn- sylvania, by its commissioners appointed in 1783, to inquire into the circumstances of the Wyoming in- habitants, expressly declared: 'It cannot be supposed 1 Blaekmaa's " History." = Tbo landholders who stimulated the Assembly to unjust measures against the Wyoming people were generally claimants under leases from the proprietaries, or warrants of 17S4. The landholders under wan-ants of 1793 and 1794— the Tilghmans, Drinkers, Francises, etc.— are in no re- spect implicated in the censure. — Miner CONNECTICUT CLAIMANTS. 21 that Pennsylvania will, nor can she, consistent with her constitution, by any ex post facto law, deprive her citizens of any portion of their property legally ob- tained,' This, of course, implied the loss to the Con- necticut settlers of all they had paid to the Susque- hanna Company, in favor of prior ' citizens ' of Penn- sylvania who had 'legally obtained' possession of the land. This was the origin of the second Pennamite War, which fortunately extended over only one year — 1784 — and resulted in the restoration to the ' Yan- kees ' of the lands from which they had been cruelly driven during the spring of that year." The decision at Trenton left the Wyoming settlers but two alternatives : either to submit to the jurisdiction of the State of Pennsylvania or openly rebel and organize a State of their own. Connecticut had evidently abandoned her chil- dren, acquiescing in the the decree at Trenton. She was afterward amply compensated by re- taining over three million three hundred and sixty-six thousand acres of land in the " West- ern Reserve " in Ohio, for which the State of Connecticut realized one million nine hundred thousand dollars. But the Wyoming settlers were not so easily appeased. The years 1785 and 1786 did not exhibit any abatement of the controversy between the rivals. Col. John Franklin became the leading spirit among the Connecticut claimants, and Col. Timothy Pickering appeared as the chief champion of the Pennsylvania cause. A plan was formed for carving a new State from Penn- sylvania, to include the old county of West- moreland and all of the territory claimed by Connecticut, and thus wrest Wyoming from the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. Col. Ethan Allen, of Vermont, appeared utjou the scene as one pledged to furnish means and men for the dis- memberment of Pennsylvania. Col. Franklin would not take the oath of fidelity to Pennsylvania nor accept (at that time) a post of official importance to which he had been chosen with a view to conciliating him. The erection of Luzerne County from North- umberland, Sept. 25, 1786, was intended to conciliate the Yankee settlers by giving them an opportunity to have a direct representation in the Assembly and to state their grievances, and, in a large measure, shape their own affairs. This county included all of the Connecticut set- tlers, except those at Lackawack or Wallen- paupack and the few on the Delaware, princi- pally at Cushutunk. It extended one hundred and twenty miles north and south, or from the mouth of the Nescopec to the north line of the State, on which its extent was from the sixth mile-stone to a point fifteen miles west of the Susquehauna River where it enters the State a second time. In March, 1787, the inhabitants proposed a compromise, in effect that if the commonwealth would grant them the seventeen townships which had been laid out, and in which settle- ments had been made prior to the " Trenton decree," they would relinquish their claim to all other lands within the limits of the Susque- hanna purchase ; what were known as the " certified townships " were thus secured to the settlers ; but while most of the inhabitants were within these townships, there were others scattered here and there who had bought rights of the Susquehanna and Delaware Companies and made improvements upon their locations. There were quite a number of this class within the present limits of Susquehanna County. Another class dissatisfied with the compro- mise were the Pennsylvanians, to whom the State had previously sold a portion of the lands, and who did not wish, very naturally, to be dis- possessed of them. Such was the effect of the opposition that the next year the compromise act was suspended and afterwards repealed. The conflict was continued. In 1795 "the Intrusion Law" was passed, warning off all settlers not applying for land under a Pennsylvania title. On April 4, 1799, an act for offering compensation to the Penn- sylvania claimants of certain lands within the "certified townships" was passed and was known as the compromising law. On February 16, 1801, an act supplementary to the "Intrusion Law" of 1795 was passed, authorizing the Governor to issue a proclamation, forbidding all future intrusions and requiring all who had intruded to peaceably withdraw. The State had, in 1799, appointed commis- sioners to adjust the conflicting claims of the Pennamites and "Yankees," to examine all of the claims, fix the amount each Connecticut 22 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. settler should justly pay the State to perfect his title, and, ou the other hand, the sum that the State should pay to those who were compelled to relinquish the lands they had bought from the State. The commission performed its duties fairly, but many persous were dissatisfied. On April 6, 1802, an act of Assembly provided " that no conveyance of land within the counties of Luzerne, Lycoming and Wayne shall pass any estate, where the title is not derived from this State or the proprietaries, before the 4th of July, 1776." The law was promulgated by proclamation of the Governor May 1, 1802, and from that time whatever "right" Connec- ticut claimants may have had, it was the veriest folly to defend it. But many persons still scorned all overtures from the State and firmly believed in the validity of the Connecticut title. They proposed to hold their claims in spite of all. Public feeling ran high. The newspaper controversy was heated and it seemed as if armed conflict must again occur. In fact, the Governor again contemplated calling out the militia of the State to enforce obedience ; but milder methods finally prevailed, and the long- vexed question was eventually settled by amica- ble means. Much of the credit for the peaceable solution of the problem and the adjustment of differences by bloodless means was due to the Quakers, t>r Friends, who were among the largest land- owners under the Pennsylvania title in the dis- puted territory. The enforcement of the Intrusion Law pro- duced some difficulty in Susquehanna County. The act of Assembly was passed April 11, 1795, and was designed "to prevent intrusions on lands within the counties of Northampton; Northumberland and Luzerne." The first sec- tion reads, — "If any person shall, after the passing of this act, take possession of, enter, intrude, or settle on any lands" within the limits of the counties aforesaid, "by virtue or under color of any conveyance of half- share right, or any other pretended title, not derived from the authority of this commonwealth, or of the late proprietaries of Pennsylvania, before the Revo- lution, such persons upon being duly convicted thereof, upon indictment in any Court of Oyer and Terminer, or Court of General Quarter Sessions, to be held in the proper county, shall forfeit and pay the sum of two hundred dollars, one-half to the use of the county, and the other half to the use of the informer; and shall also be subject to such imprisonment, not exceeding twelve months, as the court, before whom such conviction is had, may, in their discretion, direct." The second section provides that every person who shall combine or conspire for the purpose of conveying, possessing or settling on any lands within the limits aforesaid, under any half-share right or pretended title, as aforesaid, or for the purpose of laying out townships by persons not appointed or acknowledged by the laws of this commonwealth, and every person that shall be accessary thereto, before or after the fact, shall, for every such offense, forfeit and pay a sum not less than five hundred nor more than one thou- sand dollars, onedialf to the use of the county, and the other half to the use of the informer ; and shall also be subject to such imprisonment at hard labor, not exceeding eighteen months, as the court in their discretion may direct. The third section provided that in case of conviction the sheriff "should expel and eject all and every the person or persons thereon intruded as aforesaid," and the Governor is to call out the militia if necessary. This act went no further verbally than to make intrusions punishable — prohibition being only implied. An act supplementary to this, passed February 16, 1801, authorized the Gov- ernor (section xi.) to issue his proclamation, "Forbidding all future intrusions, and enjoining and requiring all persons who have intruded contrary to the provisions of the act to which this act is sup- plementary, to withdraw peaceably from the lands whereon such intrusions have been made ; and en- joining or requiring all officers of government, and all good citizens of the Commonwealth, to prevent, or prosecute by all legal means, such intrusions and in- truders," etc. April 6, 1802, an act of Assembly provided that " no conveyance of land within the coun- ties of Luzerne, Lycoming and Wayne shall pass any estate where the title is not derived from this State or the proprietaries before the 4th of July, 1776." It imposed a penalty upon any judge or justice for receiving proof of, or recorder for recording, a deed of different CONNECTICUT CLAIMANTS. 23 description. "No person interested in the Connecticut title to act as judge or juror, in any cause where said title may come in ques- tion," etc. An exception was made in favor of the inhabitants of the seventeen townships, only as far as related to judges, sheriffs or jurors. This law was required to be made known by proclamation from the Governor, and took effect May 1, 1802, as before noticed. But the Yan- kee settlers were persistent ; they had left home and kindred in many instances, and put all their fortune and labor into their Pennsylvania homes. They had come into an unbroken wilderness, and commenced to make homes for themselves and their children, under a title which they supposed to be good. They were willing to yield to the jurisdiction of Pennsyl- vania, but it did seem like a hardship to be expelled from their lands by civil process sim- ply to enrich a few land speculators who lived in Philadelphia. Viewing it from their stand- point, it is not singular that they resisted the enforcement of this act. The Luzerne Federalist of January, 1803, stated that "In the district of Rindaw (Rush) one hundred and fifty persons cot only avowedly, but firmly and positively, believe in the Connecticut title and no other. In Willingboro, (Great Bend) perhaps thirty. But in all the districts nearer two thousand than one thousand could be found who would risk their all in defence of the Connecticut title, if Pennsylvania ever attempts to drive them off by force of arms." The following letter from Ezekiel Hyde to Colonel Jenkins shows the persistence of the Yankees as late as 1800 : " Norwich, Feb. 14, 1800. " Bear Sir, — " We have heard nothing from you since I left Rindaw, which was about the 20th of last month. My uncle Jabez and family all started for Rindaw the day before yesterday. The gang consisted often horse sleighs and two ox-teams — three other families besides my uncle's. I went with them seventeen miles and left them in high animated spirits, deter- mined to reach Rindaw within seven days. Jabez, his mother and sister in one sleigh, my uncle and Stephen in another ; Seril Peck, the young man that you saw at the store, drove another sleigh, and seve- ral others that you never saw — all determined to settle. What they will do with the horses and oxen after they get there, God knows. When I came from there I directed Robinson to purchase all the hay that he could obtain, but I have now sent on four more horses of my own that are good ones, and ought to be well kept. I have given Jabez particular directions about them, and am not in any fear of their suffering if there i3 any forage to be found on the waters of the Wyalusing. There has a number of good families gone from Litchfield County into Usher and the Ma- nor Delaware purchase. They have taken along some of the rhino to purchase cows, etc., and they have taken with them some of the best working oxen that ever I saw. In short, there have more than fifty families gone into the Delaware purchase within the last two months; ten families from Long Island. Colonel, you will recollect what I mentioned to you respecting Seril Peck, and the vacant land adjoining Victory and New Milford in the Susquehanna pur- chase. I must depend upon all that there is vacant, for Peck has gone on determined to settle on them, and I am of opinion that his father and a family of eleven children will all be there within two years, and he is one of the most respectable men in the town of Franklin. I wish you to keep this request among your daily memoranda. ****** " Please to inform citizen Palmer and family that their friends are generally well. Mr. Charles Miner will call on you and give the particulars. " I am, sir, your friend and fellow-citizen, " Ezekiel Hyde. " Colonel Jno. Jenkins." Settlers on the Wyalusing. — Charles Miner's list of settlers upon the upper waters of the Wyalusing, with several corrections made by Miss Blackman : Memorandum (dated April 29, 1800) of the inhabitants upon the Wyalusing waters, above the Forks, the time of their settling in the country, the number of their families, etc. : Rindaw. Meacham Main & family 3 1800 Isaac Brownson & family . 8 1794 Charles Miner 1 1799 Jabez Hyde and family 5 1799 Total 64 Daniel Ross and sister . 2 1796 Manor. Total 15 Jno. Reynolds and family and sister 6 1800 Usher. Daniel Foster and family 5 1800 Daniel Metcalf and family 1798 Jer. Meacham and family 9 1799 Joab Picket and family 3 1799 Nehem. Main and family 3 1799 Miner Picket, born. Ezek. Main and family 7 1799 "Win. Latbrop and lamily 3 1799 Ozem Cook and family 9 1800 Ingram Latbrop, born 1 1800 Marcb 21, 180(1. 1S00 Nathan Tnpporand famil) 6 1799 Total 41 James Carroll and family 5 1800 Abner Griffis and family 9 1799 I)andolo. Eb. Whipple and family 7 1799 Steph. Wilson and family 5 1799 Ezra Latbrop and family 4 1799 Capt. Bartlett Ilines anc Ilolden Sweet anil family 7 1800 family 6 1800 Eben Ingram and family 2 1790 Cap. J. Sabins and family 10 1799 Samuel Lewis and family 5 1809 Jo. Chapman and family . 2 1800 Samuel Main and family 7 1798 A. Tracy, Esq., and fam Fanny Main, born in 180C . ily 10 1799 24 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. B. Melbourne, mother and Bisters G 1797 Total . Locke. Andrew Canficld. Ira Brister. Albert Camp. Joseph Ross. Silas Beardsley. Benjamin Abbott. Bidwell. Capt. Peleg Tracy and family 5 1709 Wm. Harkins and family. 6 1794 Saml. Howard 1 1799 Thos. and Henry Tark Capt. Charles Geer and family 3 1800 Capt. Jos. Chapman and family 5 1798 Edward Goodwin and family 3 ISO 1 Jeremiah Spencer ami family 10 1800 Thos. Giles and family . 3 1799 Total . . 39 Auburn. Myron Kasson and family 3 1799 Cyril Pock 1800 Lloyd Goodsell 1799 [Wm. Harkins is put too early by one or two years at least. — E. and family 3 1796 — E. C. B.] 1 Newspaper controversy upon the subject was particularly rife that year, but extended over a much longer period. The following letters of Henry Drinker, of Philadelphia, a large holder of lands in this section, under title derived from the State of Pennsylvania, reveal the intrusion on his tracts : " Philadelphia, 5 mo. 22d, 1801. " Kespected Friend, " Abeam Horne, Esq. "There are in the hands of Timothy Pickering, Esq., two maps, one of them of a considerable body of lands situate on the waters of Tunkhannock Creek and extending to the head-waters of Salt Lick Creek; the other represents lands bounding on the State line between this State and New York, and to the east- ward of the Susquehanna — these maps Col. Pickering has promised to deliver thee when called for. " I now deliver herewith a map of a large body of lands, principally on and near the waters of Meshoppen Creek, and including branches of Wyalu- sing. Tuscarora and Tunkhannock. " The townships laid out by the companies (Con- necticut) are distinguished by dotted lines, which may be of some use to thee in traversing that country. I have also obtained the names of about 50 settlers from Connecticut, etc., and the parts they are settled on : tho' there may be some variation as to the par- ticular tracts they occupy, yet I presume the follow- ing statement may be nearly right, viz : — Town of Usher. No. Ehenezcr Whipple ... 157 Abner Griffith 150 Solomon Griffith .... 150, 107 Holden Sweet 156 James Carl (Carroll ?) . 158 Samuel Maine 107, 108 Mecom Maine 107, 108 Ezekiel Maine 107, 108 Nathan Topper .... 201 William Lathrop . . . '208 Erastus Bingham .... 204, 205 Eli Hillings 205, 200 Ezekiel Hyde (an improve- ment) Dan. Metcalf 242 Auburn. Lloyd Goodsell. Myron Kasson. Charles Morcy. Ezekiel Morcy. John Passmore. John Robinson. Dandoloe. Eldad Brewster .... 53 1 Blackmail's " History.' Elias West 52, 54 Crocker 50, 51 Joseph Chapman .... 46 Manor. Jeremiah Mecom .... 03, 105 Otis Robinson ditto David Harris 60 Ozcm Cook 07, 08 Henry Cook 67, 68 Amos Perry 67, 68 George Morey loo, 101 Ichabod Halsey 104 Nehemiah Maine .... 101 Otis Robinson 104 Ezekiel Maine, Jr. . . . 100, 107 107, 108 Fouler. David Dowd, southerly part of Manor. Andrew Lisk, southerly part of Manor. . Bid- 214, 264 215 234 Chebw. Thomas Parke, 1 perhapi Harry Parks, > well. Martin Myers. Capt. Joseph Chapman. Ezekiel Morey. New Mtiford." JohD Hussey Daniel Kinney, Jr. . . . Lyman Kinney Victory. Spencer, agent for the claimant. Avery. Gore. Cyril Peck. Josiah Bass, between the Gore and Auburn. Rindaw. Capt. Joab Pickett . . . 240, 242 Daniel Roswell, deaf and dumb 240, 242 " There is one Isaac Brunson settled in the forks of Wyalusing Creek, just to the westward and adjoining my bounds of lot No. 239. He is on a tract survey'd to Thomas Dundas. This man has always conducted well and deserves to be kindly treated ; being Town Clerk, he can give all the names of settlers in New Milford. ********* "Thy Friend, " Hexry Drixker." March 24, 1802, Henry Drinker writes to Ebenezer Bowman, of Wilkes-Barre, — " I am concerned in an extensive tract, aud in the general of an excellent quality, situate principally on the waters of Meshoppen Creek, and including parts of Wyalusing, Tuscarora and Tunkhannock Creeks, in the whole near 100,000 acres, which, on receiving part payment and undoubted good security for the re- mainder, I would sell together at two dollars pr. acre, though I believe it cheap at double that price. There are parts, however, picked pieces, which have been intruded on, that are of very superior value, and if separately sold, must be at a very different price. I care nought about relinquishments ; all that I require is pay and undoubted security, when a clear title will be made under grants from this State."' In one of his letters Drinker speaks of Jere- miah Spencer, and discusses the propriety of commencing prosecutions against him and oth- ers. A number of the settlers were indicted for intrusion, and finally all had to make settlement with the Pennsylvania land-holders and obtain title from them. There was some mob violence used in this 2 The reader will be careful to distinguish this from the Pennsylvania township of the same name. The Kinneys were just below the south line of Rush. CONNECTICUT CLAIMANTS. 25 county, the most notable case being the assault on Bartlett Hinds in 1802. Captain Hinds came to Pennsylvania under Connecticut title in 1800 as the agent of ex-Governor Huntingdon. In 1801 he and Ezekiel Hyde, John Robinson, Charles Geer, Josiah Grant, Elisha Lewis, Amolo Balch, Ichabod Halsey, John Reynolds, Jeremiah Meachem, Otis Robinson, Elias West and others were indicted at Wilkes-Barre for intrusion. The Rev. A. L. Post, grandson of Captain Hinds' wife, relates the following : " In 1801, while on a road-view between his log dwelling and Lawsville, near the place of Joseph Williams' subsequent settlement, he met, much to the surprise of both parties, his old friend and fellow- officer of the Revolution, Colonel Timothy Pickering, afterwards one of the most prominent men in the Union, who was surveying lands which he had pur- chased under the Pennsylvania title. It was about noon, and so, after the ' How do you do?' Colonel P. said, 'Captain Hinds, will you take dinner with me?' "The latter replied, 'I don't care if I do, colonel, if you can treat me to a fresh steak.' '"That will I do,' the colonel replied, 'if you will go with me to my cabin, half a mile away ; ' and he conducted him thither, and entertained him in true soldier style. " After recounting some of the scenes of the war in which they had taken part, the colonel explained to Captain H. the whole matter of jurisdiction and land title after the decree at Trenton ; told him of his own purchase, which he was then surveying, and satisfied him of the probability that the Pennsylvania title must hold good. He (Hinds) thereupon went to Philadelphia; subsequently fully satisfied himself that Colonel Pickering was correct; found the owners of the land upon which he had settled ; made his purchase, and returned. He was the first person in this section who became convinced of the validity of the Pennsylvania title, and yielded to its claims. He was to ' Manor,' as to its civil polity, what Colonel Hyde was to 'Usher' — the prominent man; and this fact accounts for the indignation that was visited upon the former after the step just mentioned. This was natural, and is not here referred to by way of reproach to any of the parties. " It was probably late in 1802 that, under pretence of some kind, he was summoned before a justice in Kush. His brother, Abinoam Hinds, and Isaac Peck- ins (who settled here that year) went with him, expecting foul play. Whilst there a mob gathered and surrounded the house ; but the three barricaded the door as best they could, and prepared for defence. The defences were forced away, and the mob entered, a number of them to be piled in an uncomfortable 21 and bruised heap upon the floor. Isaac Peckins was a large, bony and powerful man. Failing to break out one of the posts of an old-fashioned chair, he wielded the whole of it with great success against the intruders. " But, overpowered by numbers, the trio had to yield. A sort of sham trial resulted in the decision that Hinds should leave the country ; but he refused to submit to the decision." Mason Wilson says he was burned in effigy, and, he thinks, compelled to leave for a short time ; but he was too good a man for the settle- ment to lose, and he returned and was a prom- inent man afterwards in the affairs of the county. The Connecticut claimants were angry at being deserted by their leader, and accused him of receiving compensation from Pennsylva- nia for yielding to her claims. " L His enemies believed him leagued with the Pennsylvania land-holders, and said (though without reason) that he received five acres from them for every settler he induced to come in under their title, and he had succeeded in bringing in about one hundred. But the fact that he had acknowledged the Pennsylvania right by repaying for his own land was exert- ing an influence that embittered against him all who denied that claim." Eighteen persons engaged in this disgraceful affair pleaded guilty to an indictment for riot and assault. " Five were imprisoned for the space of three months without bail, one of whom had to pay ten dollars, and four of them twenty dollars each ; and also to pay the costs of prosecution, and stand committed until the whole was paid. Nine were to pay a fine of thirty dollars each, and the court further ordered ' that they enter into recognizances each in the sum of five hun- dred dollars, with one good freeholder in like sum, conditioned for their good behavior for the space of one year ; and that they severally pay the costs of prosecution, and stand commit- ted till the whole sentence be complied with.' " " One would suppose this had been enough to deter others from further assaults upon the per- son of B. Hinds, on account of his loyalty to Pennsylvania; but as late as 1808 another case occurred, in which he again came off' conqueror. 1 Blackmail's "History." 26 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. "Anecdotes are told to this day of the perils and adventures within our own vicinity which those encountered who came still later to take possession in the name or under the sanction of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. " 'A surveyor in the employment of Dr. R. H. Rose, while tracing a boundary line through the woods, placed his hand high on a tree to mark where the ax-man, who followed, should strike out a chip as an evidence of the line that had been run. The surveyor had scarcely taken his hand from the tree, when the sharp crack of a rifle rang through the forest, and the spot where the hand had been laid was " chipped " by a leaden bullet — -a hint that sufficed to stay all proceedings for the rest of that day. On one occasion, to such extremities had matters proceeded, the " Yankees " had resolved to take the life of Dr. R., and information was brought to him that a meeting would be held at a particular place on a certain day named, to organize their measures. He determined at once to face the danger ; and, riding boldly to a small clearing, which had been described to him as the scene of the intended meeting, he found the plotters in actual consultation on the subject. The very boldness of the step pro- cured him a hearing. He rehearsed to them the history of the claims of the two States, and of the grounds of the final settlement ; re- minded them it was governmental, not individ- ual action ; that he had bought of the legal claimant ; that he felt sorry for them, and wished to lighten their load in every possible way, and repeated his offers, which he said were final. He told them he was aware of their de- signs, but added : " Why shoot my surveyors ? It is bright moonlight, and I shall ride slowly to my camp by such a track — but let whoever follows take a sure aim ; he will not fire twice ! " Soon one of the leaders advanced to- wards him, and renewed the conversation re- specting the disputes that existed ; the matter was freely discussed ; a better temper sprang up, and from that moment may be dated the negotiations that produced the happy termina- tion to which all the troubles arising from the conflicting claims of the two States were subse- quently brought.' " C PI AFTER V. LAND TITLES AND WARRANTEES. Land Titles— Warrantee Map— Names of Warrantees. The royal charter from Charles the Second to William Penn bears date at Westminster, March 4, 1681, in the thirty-third year of the reign of that King. The extent and limits of the territory granted are therein defined. It were needless at this late day to question the validity of royal charters. A principle had obtained among the European nations that a new discovered country belonged to the nation whose people first discovered it ; and all Chris- tian princes were deterred from intruding into the countries discovered by other nations, or from interrupting the progress of their naviga- tion and conquests. But William Penn, although clothed with powers as full and comprehensive as those possessed by the adventurers from Spain and Portugal, was influenced by a purer morality and sounder policy. His religious principles did not permit him to wrest the soil of Penn- sylvania by force from the people to whom God and nature gave it, nor to establish his title in blood ; but, under the shade of the lofty trees of the forest, his right was established by treaties with the natives, and made sacred to the Indians by incense smoking from the calumet of peace. By force of the royal charter, AVilliam Penn and his successors, as proprietaries, were un- doubted lords of the soil. They stipulated, however, with the purchasers under them, to extinguish the aboriginal right of the natives. They alone had that power. No individual without their authority was permitted to pur- chase of the Indians ; and the Legislature aided them in enforcing this principle. The tenure by which the charter was held was that species of feudal tenure called socage, by fealty only, in lieu of all other services. By the abolition of quit-rents all estates derived immediately from the commonwealth are unconditional fees- simple, with a reservation only of a fifth part of gold and silver ores at the pits' mouth. Every grant of land under the proprietary government was nominally declared in the patent to be held as of some certain manor. LAND TITLES AND WARRANTEES. 27 " The General Assembly of Pennsylvania, on the 27th day of November, 1779, passed 'an act for vesting the Estate of the late Proprie- taries of Pennsylvania, in this Commonwealth;' in the preamble whereto it is set forth, 'that the claims heretofore made by the late Proprie- taries to the whole of the soil contained within the charter from Charles II. to William Penn cannot longer consist with the safety, liberty and happi- ness of the good people of this Commonwealth, who, at the expense of much blood and treasure, have bravely rescued themselves and their pos- sessions from the tyranny of Great Britain and are now defending themselves from the inroads of the savages.' The act did not confiscate the lands of the Proprietaries within the lines of manors, nor embrace the purchase-money due for lands sold lying within surveyed manors. The manors, in legal acceptation, were lands surveyed and set apart as the private property of the Proprietaries. " The titles to all lands sold and conveyed by William Penn or his descendants were confirmed and made valid. But the title to all lands in the Commonwealth, which had not been sur- veyed and returned into the Land-Office, on or before the 4th of July, 1776, was by said act vested in the State. This act provided that the sum of one hundred and thirty thousand pounds, sterling money, should be paid out of the treasury of this State to the devisees and lega- tees of Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, late Proprietaries, and to the widow and relict of Thomas Penn, in such proportions as should thereafter, by the Legislature, be deemed equi- table and just, upon a full investigation of their respective claims. No part of the sum was to be paid within less than one year after the ter- mination of the war with Great Britain ; and no more than twenty thousand pounds, nor less than fifteen thousand pounds, should be payable in any one year. The Land-Office was begun by William Penn, and many features of the office, as it was in his day, remain to the present time." A Land-Office, by and under the act of 9th of April, 1781, was created under the common- wealth, its officers consisting of a secretary of the Land-Office, receiver-general and surveyor- general. By the act of the 29th of March, 1809, the office of receiver-general was abol- ished, and his duties were discharged by the secretary of the Land-Office ; and by the act of the 17th of April, 1843, this latter-named office was discontinued, and the duties pertaining thereto were performed by the surveyor-general. By the Constitution of 1874, this office is now under charge of the Secretary of Internal Affairs. An act for opening the Land-Office and for granting and disposing of the unappropriated lands within this State passed April 1, 1784, providing " that the Land-Office shall be opened for the lands already purchased of the Indians on the 1st day of July next, at the rate of ten pounds for every hundred acres, with the usual fees of granting, surveying and patenting, ex- cepting such tracts as shall be surveyed west- ward of the Allegheny mountains, &e. Every applicant shall produce to the Secretary of the Land-Office a particular description of the lands applied for, with a certificate from two Justices of the Peace of the proper county, specifying whether the said lands be improved or not, and if improved, how long since the improvement was made, that interest may be charged accord- ingly. The quantity of land granted to any one person shall not exceed four hundred acres." The prices of unimproved land w r ere different under various periods under the several pur- chases made of the Indians. From the 1st of July, 1784, to April 3, 1792, the price of un- improved wild lauds was $26.66 f per hundred acres in Wayne, Pike, Susquehanna and other counties. By act of April 3, 1792, the price of unimproved land was fixed at $6.66| per hun- dred acres. The latter-named act was repealed by act of 29th of March, 1809, since which time the price of lands in the above-named counties has been $26.66§ per hundred acres. The laws passed relative to State lands were numerous. Under said laws the surveyor- general, or the officer acting in that capacity, was authorized to appoint a deputy-surveyor in each and every county. The following are the 1 deputy-surveyors who probably located the warrants in Susquehanna County : 1 From Hon. J. Simpson Africa, Secretary of Internal Affairs. HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Charles Stewart was commissioned March 31, 1769. His district was in the purchase of 1768. William Gray appears as a deputy-surveyor as early as March 26, 1782, and located a number of surveys along the New York line in 1784. He was re-commissioned April 22, 1785, for all that part of the county of Northumberland lying on the east side of the Susque- hanna River. Anthony Crothers was commissioned April 14, 1792, for a part of Luzerne County. Thomas Sambourne was commissioned April 25, 1800, for the county of Luzerne. George Haines was commissioned December 6, 1805, for the county of Luzerne. Jona- than Stevens was commissioned July 8, 1809, for the county of Luzerne, and re-commissioned May 11, 1812, for the counties of Luzerne, Susquehanna and Bradford. "The person who obtained a warrant was called the warrantee. Upon paying the State treasurer the legal price of the land, and the office fees, $4.50, the warrant was sent to the county surveyor, whose busi- ness it was to survey the land within six months, make a draft and description, and, upon being paid for his services, make a return to the land department. Then the warrantee, upon paying $10 to the land de- partment, would receive a patent for his land. Then, if he had the first warrant, the first survey and the first patent, the title was secure. The land depart- ment, for many years past, has required the applicant for a warrant to make oath before a justice of the peace, of the proper county, touching the condition of the lands, as to its improved or unimproved state, and proving the same by a disinterested witness, on his oath made before two justices of the peace. The act of April, 1850, provided for the election in that year, and every third year thereafter, of one compe- tent person, being a practical surveyor, to act as county surveyor." Among the large land-holders in Susquehanna County were Henry Drinker, Tench Francis, Thomas B. Cope, Dr. Robert H. Rose, Caleb Carmalt, Timothy Pickering, William Poyntell, William Wallace and a few others. Henry Drinker was a large land-holder in several coun- ties. In a letter he spoke of owning one hun- dred thousand acres in the section that was occupied by Yankee intruders. He had a large quantity of land in this county. Thomas B. Cope purchased about twenty thousand acres of him in Auburn, Rush and Jessup. Tench Francis had about one hundred thousand acres of land in the county. He owned all of Silver Lake township, consisting of two hundred and forty-eight tracts of four hundred acres each. Dr. Rose purchased this land February 18, 1809, of Anne, widow of Tench Francis, who bought it of Elizabeth Jervis and John Peters, whose patent was obtained from the State in 1 784. In 1 829, Caleb Carmalt purchased one- half of the Rose lands for one dollar per acre. Timothy Pickering owned lands in the vicinity of Snake Creek, and William Poyntell owned a large quantity of land along the Tunkhau- nock. James C. Biddle married Sally Drinker, and, together with Henry Drinker, his brother- in-law, and grandson of l Henry Drinker, the elder, who became a resident of Susquehanna County, acted as agents of the Drinker estate. In 1841 Mr. Biddle died in Philadelphia, leaving Henry Drinker sole agent of the estate until he died, in 1862, when he was succeeded by William H. Cooper, who acted as agent un- til he was shot, June 14, 1884. Hon. William H. Jessup has been agent of the estate since that time. Hon. William Jessup was agent for Hon. Charles S. Cox, and in 1849 he became trustee of the Dr. Robert H. Rose estate. In 1853 Hon. William H. Jessup was associated with him, and is now surviving trustee. In 1824 l HENRY DRINKEB, THE ELDER. Henry Drinker, at the time of his decease one of the largest land- holders in Pennsylvania, was the second son of Henry Drinker, of Phil- adelphia, and Mary Gottier, of Burlington, N. 0. He was born 21st of February, 1734 (old style). When twenty-five years of age, he em- barked for England, returning in the following year. Letters written by him during this tour are still extant among his descendants, and they bear evidence to the fact that he was a man of observation and graphic powers of description. Soon after his return, on the 13th of January, 1701, he was married to Elizabeth Sandwith. The lands of Henry Drinker were located in Wayne, Luzerne, Wyo- ming, Centre, Clearfield, Indiana, Cambria, Bradford, Tioga and Sus- quehanna Counties, in Pennsylvania, and in Montgomery and Delaware Counties, New York. He was a stanch member of the Society of Friends, and, for this rea- son, was not brought so much before the public as he, in all probability, otherwise would have been ; the members of this denomination not be- ing in the habit of taking an active part in public affairs. He was for many years a member of the firm of James £ Drinker, shipping and importing merchants, of Philadelphia ; they were very successful in their business previous to the Revolution. One of the cardinal doctrines of the Society of Friends is opposition to war in every form, and a firm and decided refusal to bear arms in support of any cause, however just. In consequence, he, with nineteen other persons, seventeen of the number being Friends, were arrested and taken, first to Staunton, Va., and afterwards to Winchester, Va., where they were kept in partial confinement nearly eight months, with- out provision being made for their support. His first speculations in lands were in the purchase of farms in the settled counties, principally adjoining Philadelphia County, in which transactions he was very successful, and this led him into bis large pur- chases of wild lands. He was a man of great business ability. He resided in Philadelphia, and died in 1808. The late Esquire Eaynsford, of Montrose, and Hosea Tiffany, were the first purchasers of auy of his land in Susquehanna County, under the Pennsylvania title. They walked to Philadelphia to obtain their deeds. — Blackman. LAND TITLES AND WARRANTEES. 20 Isaac Post, David Post and William Jessup bought all of the Timothy Pickering unsold lands, bonds and mortgages ; also S. S. Mnl- ford and William Jessup bought the Wallace lands in Brooklyn and Bridgewater. In 1884 Hon. William H. Jessup bought the balance of the Thomas B. Cope lands of William D. Cope, and is now agent or trustee for all the lands remaining unsold of the old estates. The Nicholson Lands. — Next in import- ance to the long disquiet occasioned by the Connecticut settlers resisting the enforcement of the intrusion laws " l was that to which set- tlers on the Nicholson lauds were subjected for a period of nearly twenty years : firstly, by an alleged lien of a Philadelphia corporation, and afterwards by one of the State on the Hopbot- tom tract, as well as on that called ' Drinker's Meshoppen tract.' John Nicholson was comptroller of Pennsylvania from 1782 to 1794, and during that period was owner of about three million seven hundred thousand acres of land in the State. In 1785 he, with Dr. Barnabas Binney, purchased from the State sixty tracts, including a considerable portion of the township of Brooklyn, and paid to the State the full amount of the purchase-money. In 1789 he commenced a settlement upon the lands which, by the partition between him and Dr. Binney, had been allotted to him. In 1795 he borrowed from the Widow's Fund Corpora- tion of Philadelphia, thirty-seven thousand one hundred and sixty-six dollars, and secured the payment by a mortgage upon thirty-five tracts in Brooklyn. The mortgage fell due in 1799. No part of the money was paid to the corpora- tion, and Nicholson died insolvent. "In 1805 the mortgagees foreclosed the mortgage and bought the lands and contracted the same to John B. Wallace. The purchase- money was to be paid in fifteen years from March, 1806, with interest payable annually. Mr. Wallace paid the interest for several years, and continued to sell the lands until 1823 or 1824, when he had sold about two thousand two hundred and fifty acres — the best part of the land — and for which he had received pay- ment. i Blackmail. "In 1823 the state of the title and the inter- est which the corporation held in the land, be- coming known to the settlers, excited much anxiety among those who had paid Wallace, but who, as was then ascertained, had received no title. "Some went to Philadelphia and requested that the business might be closed. A corre- spondence was continued between them until 1826 or 1827, when a committee for the corpo- ration came and met the settlers at Mr. Breed's, in Brooklyn ; but nothing was or could be effected with those who had not paid, until the question of the corporation's title was settled. "William Jessup, Esq., had seen the officers of the corporation in Philadelphia, and ob- tained the assurance that no settler who had paid Mr. Wallace should be again called upon to pay for his land. He wrote to some of the settlers, and had a meeting at his office, wdien it was agreed that he should bring a suit upon the lot on which Jeduthan Nickerson lived in order to settle the question in Brooklyn. Those present assured him that counsel should be em- ployed, the cause fairly tried, and thus the title might be settled. But counsel was not em- ployed. Afterwards, another suit was brought against some settlers in Bridgewater, who doubted the corporation's title. Messrs. Case and Read examined the papers, and pronounced the title good. Obadiah Green employed Mr. Wurts, who pronounced the title bad. Those settlers who were satisfied with the decision of Messrs. Case and Read agreed to contract for their lands, having ten years in which to pay for them ; but Mr. Wurts entered a plea for Green. The issue was duly tried, and a verdict was rendered for the corporation. " Another cause was also tried, and the right by law of the corporation to call upon those who had paid to Wallace, to pay again, was fully established. But Mr. Jessup urged that the title of the settlers, as made by Wallace, should be confirmed, and that thus the fears and anxieties of those who had honestly paid their money should be quieted. In the fall of 1832 he succeeded in getting instructions which au- thorized him to make releases in all cases in which the settlers had paid Mr. Wallace. 30 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. " The foregoing refers to that part of the cor- poration's lands not interfered with by what are called the Allen surveys. " In 1775, Benjamin Chew, Andrew Allen and others took up a large quantity of land, a portion of which lay upon the Hopbottom Creek. By the attainder of Andrew Allen, in 1778, his part of those lands was confiscated to the State, and by a decision made subsequently by the Supreme Executive Council, the share belonging to the State was located in Brooklyn, on what was called the Chew and Allen war- rants. When the surveyor located the Nichol- son warrants, he laid them upon part of the lands confiscated to the State. " The State having received pay from Nichol- son, it was supposed that the titles of those who held under him were e;ood as against the State, and that the State never would claim the land from those who had paid their full price ; until the decision was rendered in the case of Wallace vs. Tiffany (Amos ?), by which it was decided by the Supreme Court that the title passed by the officers of the Land-Office to Nicholson was irregular, saying, also, that legislative action would be necessary to regulate the title. " Mr. Joseph Chapman was 'partly on the Allen lands, and through the procurement of Mr. Jessnp, and with the assistance of Messrs. Read and Jones, an act from the Legislature was passed confirming the title of any settler who held under the Nicholson title — on application to the Legislature. But with the great body of the Allen lands Mr. J. had nothing to do, as they were covered by the Mary M. Wallace warrants." Nicholson Court. — " Thus far all that has been said refers to events prior to November, 1834. We pass on now to the panic of 1841. By an act of Legislature a year previous com- missioners had been appointed to hunt up and settle the claims of the estate of John Nicholson to lands formerly purchased by him in various parts of the State. These commissioners had given notice through the papers that they would be in Montrose on a given day to adjust the respective interests of the State, the heirs and creditors, and also of the settlers of any such lands in this county. " The streets of Montrose on the day speci- fied (in August) were thronged, but the com- missioners failed to appear ; and they did not make their appearance until about the middle of November following, when, for two or three weeks, they exhibited at McCollum's Hotel their papers and maps, and drew the attention of crowds. Even those who had no personal interests in the Nicholson lands began to feel insecure against unexpected claimants to their lands, which they had long owned aDd occupied with a confidence not less than their more un- fortunate neighbors. Several townships were in a panic. " In order to allay the excitement, Benjamin T. Case, Esq., contributed to the same journal three pertinent articles, giving the result of his own investigations for many years as counsel for persons interested in those lands. He was in- duced to this step by the fact that the uncer- tainty in respect to titles was having a tendency adverse not only to his own interests, but to those of the county, as new-comers declined to purchase and settle where there was so little appearance that they could remain in quiet pos- session. Mr. Case stated that the Nicholson claims presented themselves in three points of view, — " 1. The claims of the heirs, which were barred by the statute of limitations. " 2. The claims of the creditors ; but there was no mortgage upon the records of the county, and, if there were, it is presumed to be paid, in law, after twenty years, and a judg- ment is lost after five years. " 3. Commonwealth liens, and of these there were three — those of December, 1795 and 1796, and of June, 1800. The statute of lim- itations does not extend to a debt due the State ; but Mr. C. was not aware of any lands in this county so situated as to raise the ques- tion about their being barred by the lapse of time. ' To us citizens of Susquehanna County it is a mere matter of speculation. To Binney's share of the sixty warrants issued to him and Nicholson, neither Nicholson's heirs, creditors nor the State can have claim. As to the residue (thirty-five tracts, called the Hopbottom lands), John Nicholson mortgaged them, Jan- LAND TITLES AND WAKKANTEES. 31 uary, 22, 1795 — eleven months before the State obtained her first lien — -to the Widow's Fund Corporation, to secure the payment of thirty- seven thousand one hundred and sixty- six dol- lars, 1 which settles the question; for in the event of the State lien being prior to the mort- gage, only the money arising from the sale could be claimed, not the land ; even if a judg- ment be reversed for error after a sale on it, the purchaser's title on it is not disturbed.' " In March, 1 842, the ' Nicholson Court ' de- cided that ' the Nicholson claim to the corpora- tion lands in Brooklyn and Bridgewater is good FOR NOTHING ! ' " It was estimated that two hundred persons in Susquehanna County paid five dollars each to the commissioners ; but in Wayne, Pike and Monroe Counties they failed to raise such an excitement as they did here." Drinker's Meshoppen Lands. — " A part of this was in Auburn and Springville. John Nicholson took out one hundred and sixty- eight warrants of four hundred acres each of land included in what was then Luzerne County, seventy-eight of which interfered with prior surveys of Samuel Wallis, from whom Henry Drinker purchased, and were on the south end of the Meshoppen tract. Both Wallis and Nicholson paid the State for the land, but as Wallis' surveys were of an earlier date, the Board of Property decided in his favor. Nicholson appealed to the Supreme Court, and the decision was again in favor of Wallis. In view of these facts, B. T. Case, Esq., stated, ' Patents regularly issued to Drinker, who bought of Wallis, and the purchasers under him on those lands, hold under this title, and what is to disturb them ? ' " Henry Drinker, George Clymer and Samuel Meredith held one hundred and sixty-eight warrants, of dates 1790, '91, '92 and '93, paid for and patented. It was to these John Nichol- son laid claim by virtue of other warrants, dated August 17, 1793, a date subsequent to all the warrants issued to the above, and for more l On the 1st of January, 1700, with interest annually. The money not being pair], the mortgage was duly foreclosed in Luzerne County, the land sold at sheriff's sale, and the present owners now hold that title. (li. T. Case.) than forty years the matter had been supposed to be settled by the Supreme Court ; and in a report made by Mr. Kidder, of the Senate of Pennsyl- vania, March, 1842, after a second investigation of the subject, it was stated that the 'Judiciary Committee cannot discern even the shadow of a claim, either in law or equity, that the Nichol- son estate has upon the Drinker lands in Sus- quehanna and Luzerne Counties.' " Samuel Ewing's Lands. — " Ten of these tracts lay on the Lackawanna Creek, in the eastern part of the county, and were purchased from Ewing by Nicholson ; but Ewing con- tinued to hold the title in his own name, as a trustee for Nicholson. Those who purchased of Ewing without notice of a trust took the land discharged of the trust. A mortgage, August, 1795, by Nicholson to Ewing, was duly fore- closed, and sold at sheriff's sale, by Ewing. Thus, in the opinion of one of Susquehanna's ablest lawyers, ' There is no land in the county covered by the State's liens, or to which the heirs and creditors of John Nicholson have had any valid claim, and if those who compromised with the commissioners persist in claiming to hold exclusively under those contracts, law- suits are sure to follow.' Happily, the Nichol- son claim to the widow and orphans' fund and the Drinker tracts was, as stated previously, decided against them by higher authority, and from that time Susquehanna County land-own- ers have had ' peace.' " Henry Drinker was the owner of what are called the Westtown school lands in Lenox, and Fields and Collins were also holders of lands in the same township. Win. Hartley bought the Fields title ; C. L. Ward, the Col- lins lands ; and these were all settled and sold to the settlers at fifty cents per acre, which quieted the titles in this portion of the county. The titles of one-half the lands in the township were in dispute for twenty-five years." The Nine Partners' lands were surveyed with lines running northeast and southwest, The Meredith lands were surveyed in the same way. Perhaps one-third of the lands in the county are surveyed north forty-five degrees west. These lands lie mostly in the eastern part of the county. The Wallis lands, which in- 32 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. eludes the Nicholson tract, were run north three degrees west. The variation since 1785 has been four degrees toward the west, so that these lines are north one degree west. The Drinker lands were run subsequently and re- quire greater variation. Previous to 1800, for some years the magnetic needle was moving east; then it began to move west again, and has been moving west ever since. Most of the lines now run north one degree east. 1 AVarrantee Land Map. — This is a copy (reduced in size) of the old map in the county commissioner's office, which was drawn, about 1837-8, by John and Issachar Mann, assisted by George AValker, a surveyor of much experience (now nearly ninety years old), who had re sur- veyed many of these lands. Inaccuracies are known to exist in the origi- nal, owing to the difficulty of adjusting conflict- ing surveys and vacant strips, and of correctly connecting streams ; and the proportions are not always in keeping with the amount of land given. But the map is the most authentic gen- eral one now obtainable without the very great expense of connecting the separate surveys on file in the State Department. Many of the war- rantee names have become illegible on the old map ; but most of these, except the lots then va- cant, have been supplied from other sources. The township boundaries are not the modern ones as now established. In Brooklyn, parts of Lathrop, Dimock and Bridgewater (" Wallace lands ") the lines were run (about 1785) north, three degrees west, and so on to make rectangles. The Drinker Me- shoppen tract was laid out (about 1792) mostly north and south, etc., and most of the lands in the west half of the county were first sur- veyed upon nearly the same plan, while in the east half the prevailing direction was north- east, etc. These lines were run according to the magnetic meridian, which then deviated about three degrees to west of north, and now about seven and a quarter degrees, the variation being a little greater in the east than in the west part of the county, and very slightly greater in the north than in the south part. Among the prominent land-holders of the ' By E. A. Weston. county were Thomas and John Clifford and their successors, Thomas W. Morris, in Clifford, Herrick, etc. ; Samuel Meredith, in Clifford, Lenox, Harford, etc., and also in Bridgewater and Middletown; Edward Shippen, in Lenox, Gibson and Jackson ; Henry Drinker and his successors, Samuel A. Law, Ephraim Kirby, David Welch, Rufus Lines, Jacob Tallman and Robert Bound, in Liberty (Lawsville), Great Bend and New Milford ; Henry Drinker, "school lands" in Lenox and Clifford, and other lands in Harmony, Oakland, and in almost every township in the county ; Henry Drinker and his successor, Thomas P. Cope, twenty- five thousand acres in Auburn, and part of Springville, Dimock, Jessup and Rush ; Joseph and William Lee, William Poyntell and Benjamin Chew (George Walker, agent,) in Clifford, Herrick, etc. ; Andrew Allen, in Harford and New Milford ; John Field and Wm. Hartley, his successor, in Lenox ; Timothy Pickering, in Bridgewater, Franklin and Lib- erty, and in Harmony ; John Nicholson and Dr. Barnabas Binney, and their successors, " The Widow and Orphan's Fund" corporation, and John B. and Mary M. Wallace (Putnam Catlin, agent), in Brooklyn, Bridgewater, Dimock, etc. ; John W. Robinson and Thos. B. Overton were also owners of remnants of these last-named lands; Tench Coxe and Nicholas Biddle, in Liberty, Bridgewater, etc. ; Abraham Dubois, in Oakland ; Elizabeth Jervis and John Peters and their successors, Ann, widow of Tench Francis, and afterward Robt. H. Rose, one hundred thousand acres in Silver Lake, Cho- conut, Rush, Middletown, Great Bend, Bridge- water, etc. ; and Caleb Carmalt and Samuel Milligan, successors of R. H. Rose; Tench Francis also had lands in Liberty and Frank- lin ; C. L. Ward, Collins lands in Lenox ; George Clymer, in Bridgewater; Samuel Ew- ing, in Herrick, etc. ; Thomas Cadwallader, in Ararat and Herrick, and Bridgewater ; Thomas Mitchell, Brown & Ives, and Samuel Wilcox, in Middletown, etc. James C. Biddle, Wm. D. Cope, Seku Meylert, Wm. Thomson, Joshua W. Raynsford and Wm. C. Ward were also agents for various lands. The following are the warrantee names, the LAND TITLES AND WARRANTEES. 33 numbers being arbitrary and merely referring to the place of the lots on the map : 1. 2. 3. 4 6. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. IS. 16. 17. 18. .19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 36. 37. 38. Acres Samuel Gartley 80 John Ashmear 439}^ Joseph Ashmore 4244 Geo. Ashmore 70 Benedict Ashmore 200 Benjamin Town 200 Benjamin Thorn 201 Edward Westcot 230 David Hawes 400 George Pickering 400 Samuel Langdale 401' 4 Joseph Langdale 3084 Herman Langdale 414 Solomon Ashmore 4244 Thos. Ashmore 359 Jonathan Gariley 466 Roger Gartley 472% John Brown 418'4 Samuel Morris 424% Michael Hillegas 414 Matthew Ctarkson 433% James Langdale 300*4 William Daniel Humphreys Saml. Jervis Thos. Willing Win. Gray Chas. Jervis Mordecai Lewis John Brown, Jr John Wilson Wm. Roherts David Cooper Joseph Backertraw John Swanwick Andrew Caldwell Joseph Gray Robt. Towers Josiah Haws June Humphreys John Radman Hannah Willingsworth. Andrew Caldwell Acres . 415 415 . 411 415 39514 414 424% 4294 355 4244 . 424^ 414 . 435 .4274 415 415 . 415 . 415 415 415 ARARAT AND HERRICK. Acres Henry Foster 4824 Roger Foster 432 Peter Foster 473J4 Peter Dohbs 491-120 Henry Dobhs 451-51 Samuel Foster 551% Joseph Betz 402-32 John Betz 483J^ Frederick Betz 462-32 Lambert Cadwalader... 290 Andrew McConnel 309-38 John Sargeant 301-120 Chas. Harrison 301-120 Conrad McHousland... .301-120 Alexander Newland... .301-120 Wm. Forbes 3O1-120 JohnCadwalader 301-120 Henry Hill 323% Paul Betz 452-69 Saml. Wiley 478 Roger Wiley 478 Roger Betz 433^ Christopher Betz 459-59 Dr. T. Cadwalader 320 Saml. Meredith 301% Alex. Xesbit 301-1.0 Geo. Campbell 301-120 Joseph Reee 334-120 Jas. Rees 100 Jasper Newport 150 Jonathan Nesbit 347 Chas. Wharton 322 John Van Reed 342 Isaac Wharton 320 (!) Joseph Van Reed 342 Peter Moore 320% Win. Wharton 342 Acres 39. Joseph Rink 501% 40. Joseph Wharton 342 41. Judah Foulke 342 42. Saml. Richards 344 43. Peter Rink 555% 44. James Rink 480% 45. Saml. Rink 4804 46. Jo. Pogue 474K 47. Wm. Wiley 478 48. Solomon Rink 480% 49. Andrew Pyle 477 50. Saml. Meredith 51. Saml. Meredith 3264 52. Saml. -Meredith.... 53. Chas. Wharton.... 54. Wm. Jones 55. Jas. Wharton 56. Chas. Stewart 57. John Cox 58. Isaac Cox 59. John Nesbit a Grace Newport 60. Jesse Newport 61. Wm. Fishbourne.. 301 334 342 342 342 34! 342 200 80 100 200 62. Bar-tier Shec 271^ 63. John Shec 271^ 64. John White 309 65. John Shaw 302 00 Isaac Wharton 280% Saml. Meredith 301 Saml. Meredith 3524 Saml. Meredith 320^ Thos. Wharton 320% Saml. Meredith Ann B'oher 200 Jane Boher 200 Phebe Boher 200 AUB0RN. Acres 1. Aaron Gwinipp 10o 2. Peter Pino 433-163 3. Moses French 433-153 4. Geo. Porter 433-U3 5. Chas. Fields 431-153 3 Acres G. Martin Hughs 42?-143 7. Chas. Brady 256-92 8. Geo. French 440 9. Andrew Bitters 396-36 10. Paul Craft 433-153 Solomon Craft 432-50 Peter Craft 432-50 Peter Holland 493 Solomon Rogers 439-100 Jas, Rogers 439-100 Peter Rogers 439-100 Roger Boggs 439-100 Henry Boggs 439-100 Hugh Boggs 438-100 Ann Paschal Silas Smith.. 150 Saml. Buck 309-40 Henry Buck 438-105 Peter Buck 438-105 Robert Buck 438-105 Saml. Horner 438-105 Joseph Crocket 438-105 Hugh Rogers 438-105 Jas. Whitecar 440-40 Andrew French. 432-50 Joseph French 432-59 Peter Grice 433-153 Saml. French 432-50 John Whitecar 432-50 Peter Rogers 418-37 John Crocket .' 418-37 Jas. Horner 418-37 Geo. Warful 418-37 Thos. Warful 418-37 Joseph Warful 418-37 Saml. Warful 418-37 Jas. Warful 140-173 Geo. Holmes 220 Hugh Prichard 440-112 Andrew Prichard 440-112 Peter Pri chara 440-112 John Weaver 440-112 Paul Weaver 440-112 Jas. Johnston 440-112 Arthur Johnston 440-112 Peter Whitecar 439-120 Roger Whitecar 432-50 Chas. Whitecar 439 Saml. Whitecar 439 Jesse Clark Andrew Thompson 420-40 Patrick Thompson 420-40 Saml. Thompson 420-40 Henry Thompson 420-40 Geo. Thompson 420-40 Joseph Thompson.. . 420-40 Henry Mc Williams 420-44 Peter Holmes 280 Saml. Holmes 426-40 Jas. Holmes 426-40 Robt. Holmes 426^0 Philip Holt 426-40 Saml. Holt 426-40 James Holt 426-40 Geo. Holt 426-40 Jas. McWilliams 426-40 Peter Clark 295-122 Roger Boggs 412-16 Henry Boggs 412-16 Patrick Boggs 412-16 BRIIl'iEW ATI'.II. Acres Abraham Marcoe 425 Peter Baynton Rohet .Morris 4o3-158 John Montgomery 439-135 Thos. Wharton 375 Chas. Wharton 301-120 Daniel Reed 301-120 Geo. Towson 415 Conrad Ditmar 415-27 John Vicary 301-120 Isaac Wharton 301-120 Wm. McMoultrie 4-10-80 Peter Brown 425 Goverueur Morris 425 Wm. Montgomery 425 John Morril 425 Geo. Roberts 425 Israel Wheeler 425 Henry Whysic 425 Godfrey Twelle 425 Isaac Franks 425 Jos. Bullock 285-120 Jas. Cummings 370 Lydia Goodwin 301-120 John Allen 301-120 Jas. Coburn 301-120 Geo. Goddard 417 Joshua Hewes 301-120 Wm. Gough 301-120 Stephen Wilson Dr. Thos. Cadwallader 301-120 Job Brady 10:! Jesse Waterman 410% Isaac Harris 435 Geo. Dunnacre 439-80 Lambert Cadwallader..301-120 John Cadwallader 301-lzU Acres Wm. Allen 301-120 Geo. Latimer 408-103 Benedict Dorsey 425 Jas. Read 425 Chas. French 425 Jas. Fisher 425 John Frotnbarger 425 Leonard Dorsey 425 John Baker 424 Peter Lohra 398^40 Jas. Allen 301-120 Jas. Wilson 80 Andrew Allen 301-120 John Wilson 300 John Scott 327J^ SusannaRazor 407% Benj. Jordan. 407% Jacob Anguish 407% Jas. Logan 4074 Joseph Abor 407>£ Catharine Coleman 407% Susannah Colliday 60 Joseph Anthony. 425 David Lenox 425 Henry Holland 426 John Donaldson 425 Henry Pratt 425 Geo. Eddy 380 John Pringle Edward Shippen Sainl. Nicholson Mary Martin 50 John McKinney 407% .los. Thompson Abram McKinney 407% las. Valliaut 34 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Imi.iu.KLVX.. Acres Surah Morrison Robt. Wilsuu John "Wharton Win. Morrison Jas. Torhit Jos. Torhit Jas. Craig David Torbit Elizabeth Jackson 407-80 Leonard Woudrow 407-S0 Henry Jackson 407-Su Jas. Dunlap 4117^0 Chaa. Lear 407-80 Saml. Jackson 407-80 Wm. Sbaw, Esq 407-SO Jas. Logan 4-07-SO Jos. Abor 407-80 Abm. McKinney 4H7-80 CHOCONUT. Acres ■ 1. Geo. Simpson 437*4 2. Henry Hill i2i% a Thus. Shoemaker 317 3. Jas. Mase 424^ 4. John Swan wick 414 5. Alex. Nesbit 414 6. Andrew Caldwell 435 7. Jos. Gray 4^7 l , 4 S. Robt. Towers 415 9. John Radman 415 10. Andrew Caldwell 415 11. Saml. Coates 415 12. John Peters 355 13. Elizabeth Jervis 414 14. Robt. Irwin 439'4 15. Peter Crim 424J4 16. Edward Price 451k± 17. Peter Miller 424>£ Acres John Sutton 407-80 Ann Manning 47-nij Robert King 407-80 Robt. Lyon 407-80 Jos. Sahler 4l>7-8u Sarah Stover 4o7-S0 Cant. Jas. Stover 4M7-SO Win. Colliday, Jr 4n7-80 Win. Colliday 407-su Jas. Yalliaut 407-8H Acres Jos. Anthony 418 Christopher Irig 414 Wm. Jones 335-120 Mary Jarvis 415 Jacob Barges 41,5 Chaa. Cooper 415 Cbas. Smith 415 Geo. > T eIsuii 415 Jas. Collins Win. Sbeaf 415 Saml. Nicholas 4Vi Benj. Skull 377-4(1 Israel Morris 414 '.'has. WiQings 389-12U Anthony Kern 477 Jacob Lowensyker Henry McSwine 03. Thos. Wharton 320 :! 4 04. Saml. Meredith 308 05. Saml. Meredith 300 06. Saml. Meredith 339-ln0 07. Saml. Meredith 339-100 m. Chas. Hunt 342-10 69. Saml. Meredith 332-120 70. Chas. West 100 DIMOCK. Acres 1 Peter Philips 4.0-44 25 Jusepb Philips 420-44 20 71. Saml. Beach 72. Saml. Beach 400 73. Jas. Beach 430 74. Juhn Beach 481-22 75. Philip Beach 300 7(j. Jus. Beach 342 77. Peter Heath 200 78. Geo. Porter 200 Acres 1. Paul Harris 400 2. Henry Halve}' 3. Saml. North 371% aa Peter North 345% 4. Jas. North 474% 5. Saml. Harvey 471% 0. Ruger Harvey 474% 7. Peter Hart 474% 8. Joshua Harvey 474% 9. Joseph Noble 474% 10. Jas. Noble 433% 11. Henry Noble 403"^ 12. John Boyd 340 13. Wii. Gray 320 14. Daniel Tallmau 2u0 15. John Higher 120' j 16. Win. Gavett 311-120 a J. Dowd 20 17. Andrew Syphart 311-120 18. Peter Noble 407 19. Peter Harvey 474% 20. Roger Hart 474'.; 21. Andrew Pyle 477 23. Henry Chapman 400 24. Geo. Noble 25. Win. Donald 311% 2G. Geo. Fullerton 311% 27. Eliza Harris 410-93 28. Wm. Harris 150 I 29. Saml. Harris 150 I 30. JohnReed 100 Acres 31. Walter Stewart 3.1% 32. Alex. Nesbit 311% 33. Christr. Irwin 347 34. Nicholas Young 347 35. Jas. Trimble 347 30. Andrew Chapman 400-100 Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Johu M. Nesbit John M. Nesbit John M. Nesbit John M. Nesbit John SI. Nesbit Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith 3: Saml. Meredith Saml, Meredith Jas. M. Nesbit Nathan Severing Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith 3: Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Chas. Jervis i :! ' 301 370-90 311% 150 150 3S9J< 3ul 329% 320!^ 329-13 32(5}$ 352% 310 52-130 •'>'-'■'* 4 31)1 289},, 200 347,1., 329% 2-130 301% 301% 420-44 27. 4^( i-44 28. 420-44 20. 420-44 30. 420-44 31. 420-44 32. 411-13 33. 411-13 34. 411-13 35. Geo. Morris Andrew Morris. . Peter .Morris Hugh Morris Jos-ph Morris,... Peter White Andrew Mason... Jas. Mason Robt. Mason 411-13 Hugh Mason 411-13 Peter Mason 411-13 Joseph Kuukle 411-13 Peter Kunkle 411-13 John Kunkle 411-13 John Thompson 415-27 Geo. Reed 415-27 Wm. Knox 415-27 N. sley (orLoyd) 415-27 Nicholas Schultz 415-27 Philip Roth 415-27 Francis Trimner 415-27 Geo. Christhilf 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Acres Jas. Bacon 417-33 Philip Snyder 417-33 Abel Holmes 417-33 John McPhail 417-33 Jas. Engle 417-33 John Lockhart 417-13 Thos. Miller 417-33 John Scott 417-33 Christopher Hoot 404-80 Jas. -Warner 399-120 John Ditmar 402-120 Jeremiah Sullivan Wm. Rinder 425-40 Joseph Haines 439-80 Saml. Haines 438-150 Saml. Lock 201-120 Wm. Sharp Saml. Miller 3o3-.su Jas. Craiir John Wharton Wm. Morrison Sarah Morrison Jacob Anguish 407-80 Benj. Jordan 407-80 FOREST Acres Peter Marble .las. Crawford Adam Siekler Geo. Siekler Jas Peale Jos. Anthony Stephen Paschall Win. Gray Saml. Wetherill Donald McDonald Battis Clymer Chas. W. Peale Reynold Keene Saml. Morris Solomon Marechie Ceo. Meade Joseph Casson Patrick Moore Win. Murray 388-80 388-So 411-1-20 371-12" Acres Elizabeth Matlock 358-115 Paul Cooper 338-115 Wm. Bell 388-115 Deborah Dawes Saml. Wetherill John 51. N.-sbitt Cornelius Barnes John Montgomery J. Nexb(it) or Nesbit... Robt. Morris 403-159 Jno. Dunlap Peter Baynton .... Abraham Marcoe.. Wm. Dawes 309 431 30b Jas. :tui-r 425 425' 380-40 410 Susannah Fisher... Jas, Bryson Garret Cottringer.. Thos. Aftiick LIBERTY AND " Saml. Powell 415 John McSwine 381 Solomon De Melt 411 Peter Denton 413-120 Paul Denton John Gravel 2i;9-12o Geo. Hunter Peter Jones 382-so Christopher Rhoan 425 , Elizabeth Jones 436-120 ANKLIX. Joseph Howell. Jr 0-40 John Randolph,.. G^o. Roberts Israel Wheeler... Edward Pale Saml. Garrigues.. James Gallagher. Joseph Harrison. John Henrv 425 425 425 425 424 439-120 43('i Wm. Hunter Richard Butler 3,09-120 Thos. Palmer 369-110 Hermon Denton 300-40 Joseph Denton :5s8-so Saml. De Molt 414 J. Whipple Robt. H. Rose Jos. Be Melt 340 Paul De Melt 414 Conrad Smith 384 Thos. Aftiick 412-120 John Pusey 412-120 Heury App 412-120 Richard Hunt 412-120 Israel Jones 412-120 Saml. Jackson 412-120 LAND TITLES AND WARRANTEES. 35 Acres 36. Adam Casey 412-120 37. Jesse Greenfield 425 38. Jonas Philips 425 39. Wm. Guncle 425 40. Henry Pratt 425 41. Wm. French 425 42. John Ross 425 43. David Wagoner 425 b Geo. Quinep 439-120 44. James Hartley 412-120 45. Jas. Hood 412-120 46. Wm. Haysham 412-120 47. Wm. Hall 412-150 c Jas. Wood 412-120 48. Wm. Pucey 412-120 49. Anthony Kern 412-120 50. Wm. Oompton 397-.S0 51. Geo. De Melt 414 52. Wm. Drinker, Jr 53. Edw. Price 414 54. Geo. Simpson 428-80 55. Tench Francis 423 56. Thus. Grant 412-120 Acres 57. Wm. Gregory 412-120 58. Jacobs. Howell 412-120 59. Wm. Knox 412-120 00. John Rink 412-120 61. Adam Carsay 412-120 62. Isaac Wharton 426 63. John Taws 406-80 64. John Tallman 406-80 65. John Garret 380 66. Geo. Eddy 380 07. John Wall 68. Peter Holland 69. Tobias Rudolph 412-120 70. Isaac Hazlehurst 412-120 71. Jas. Hutchinson 412-120 72. Robt Haysham 412-120 73. Peter Allen 412-120 74. Edw. Garrigues 4i2-120 75. John Francis 425 76. Jas. White 400-36 77. John Wilson 434-80 78. Roger McGahe or Mc- Gahey 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Hi. 17. Is. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. GIBSON. Acres Saml. Cooley 479-39 i 24. Paul White j 25. Edward Shippen 26, Edw. Shippen 27. Edw. Shippen 28. Edw. Shippen 29. Edw. Shippen 30. Saml. Rinearsou 31. Jas. Rinearson 451% 32. Edw. Shippen 33. Jos. Pyle 492-114 34. Jos. North 408 j 35. Edw. Shippen 36. Edw. Shippen 37. James White 430% 38. Edw. Shippen 39. Thos. Morris ! 40. Henry North 548% ! 41. Henry Hart 474% 42. Henry Harvey 43. Amos Hart 474% 44. Job Hart 474% ' 45. Peter Hart 474% | 46. Jo. Pogue Geo. Pogue Peter Pogue Henry Pogue Philip Ross Job Wiley Jos. Shippen Jos. Shippen Peter Anderson Geo. Anderson Henry Anderson Job (Robt.) Anderson. Peter Cooley Peter Pringle Jos. Shippen Jos. Foster Paul Moor Roger Betz Roger Foster Patrick Wiley John Wiley Saml. Wiley Henry Foster Acres 474% 474% 474% 474% 474% 598 611 488% 460 462% 470% 479-39 463% 690-36 467 J4 247% 462-32 478 478 478 482' , ORF.AT Acres Saml. Chalker Samson Harper "H Hale" Sewel C Paul Harper 401% 95 460 399 439 440-31 438 44s John Traverse M Roger Harper Adam Schiack Abraham Schrack .. Catharine 1 Crawford Robt. Lawson.. Saml. Holland 379-40 Win. White John Temple 479-39 Jas. Temple 383-1.34 Seth Potman 110 Peter Temple 375-85 ■ 176% James Brush.. Saml. Bowman 378 Jas. Morgan 400-140 IiEND. Acres 25. Peter Yarrington 400-140 26. Jos. Wright 391 27. Jonathan Hancock 438 28. Abraham Duncan 400-140 29. Jas. Been 406-140 30. Chas. Butler 400-140 31. Mathias Brooks 400-140 32. Jonathan Butler 400-140 33. Putnam Catlin 400-140 34. Peter Grubb 4HO-140 35. Abraham Dubois. 207-150 36. Michael Dubois 226-130 37. Thos. Duane 400-140 38. Joseph Duncan 400-140 39. Wm. Smith 4otl-140 40. Reuben Downing 461-120 41. Jonathan Stevens 448 43. AsaStevens 448 44. Jacob Peterman 444-120 45. Samuel Ruper 401 40. Peter Knight 424 47. Thos. Prior 424 48. Ruper 419J^ 49. Fredk. Rambo 50. Levi Hollingsvvorth... 51. John Morton 52. Paul Rambo 421 424 424 414% 53. Solomon Rambo 401% 54. Henry Rambo 419J4 55. Sharp Denny (Dewny) 414 56. John R 4n3 57. Geo. Rambo 302% 58. Peter Rambo 3s7% 59. Saml. Rambo 201% 60. Jo. Rambo 301% Henry Sutton.. Jas. Benson Polly Duncan.. Seth Duncan... Jas. Duncan... 479-39 479-39 479-39 479-39 Jas. Barnes Andrew Allen Saml. Roach Peter Whitney... Henry Benson.... Samuel Benson.. Robt. Sutton 479-39 Peter Benton 479-39 Geo. Benton 479-39 Henry Roach 479-39 John Pyle 479-39 Andrew Cooley 479-39 Geo. Hampton 479-39 Geo. Whitney 479-39 Joseph Benton 479-39 Geo. Sutton 479-39 Peter Sutton 479-39 Jos. Harmer 479-39 Henry Baldwin 479-39 John Jasteu 479-39 Peter Harmer 479-39 HARMONY / Wm. Moulder 425 Paul Ruper Geo. Ruper Peter Ruper 405% Jos. Smith 434% Thos. Lowry Geo. 31c Williams Philip Ruper 293 Henry Ruper Francis Williams Peter Williams Peter McGahey Geo. McGahey Saml. McGahey Hugh McGahey Philip Wilcox Henry Drinker 149 Jacob Peterman 444-120 Wm. Armstrong Wm Smith Mathias Coplin John Sahler Hugh Wiley 434-53 Wm. Henderson Wm. Potts 400-120 John Boyer David Taylor Henry Drinker Henry Boyer Hemy Wiley Jas. Norton Henry Norton.... Amos Findley.... Paul Kugler Henry Drinker.. John Shannon.... Jos. Henry Jonathan Pyle 449-19 Peter Norton 434-53 HARFORD. Acres Acres 28. Roger Sutton 479-39 20. John Pringle I 30. Saml. Meredith 31. Saml. Meredith 32. Peter Whiterider 33. Saml. Hampton 479-39 34. Jas. Hampton 479-39 35. Saml. Cooley 36. Paul White 37. Peter White 38. Andrew Pringle 39. Edw. Shippen 40. Saml. Meredith Anthony Whitney Saml. Meredith Saml. Meredith Roger Pringle Nathan Sutton 479-39 Robt. Harman Samuel Meredith Samuel Meredith Jas. Rinearson Geo. Rinearson Saml. Rinearson Edw. Shippen Edw. Shippen Edw. Shippen AKLAND. Hugh Norton 369-144 Adam Shrak 431 John Kugler Wm. Smith 364-147 Wm. Ward Jacob Swink 401% Peter Norcross 379-13 Paul Norcross 432 Jos. Bradley 434 . Jas. Bradley 434-35 Hugh Johnson 199-120 Saml. Bradley Geo. Bradley 434-53 Moses Hobson 444-14 Jas. Davis 408% Wm. Couch 405 John Thomas 399% Sand. Wallace 1*5 John Perot .. 400 Danl. Trobridge Nicholas Rash Chas. Shultz 369-60 Henry Drinker 3x0 John Comfort 155% Tim. Paxon 209-12O Saml Emlen 100-23 John Comfort Peter Cress 430% 400 400 400 350% 412-15 434-53 434-53 434-53 434-53 :i!.io Jacob Downing Henry S. Drinker. Win. Drinker Sil-s Bliss Danl. Rees Geo. Muntz 434-5:; Patrick Johnson 270-97 Harmon Norcross 431-53 Peter Bradley 431-53 Jesse Evans 410-137 "meld" 36 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Actus 79. Peter Snyder 100 80. Win. Lane 81. Roger Muntz 434-13 82. Jos. Muntz 434-53 83. Jos. Mason 41S-7G 84. Jos. Drinker 431-04 so. Win. Buckley .SO. John Thomas 1 CO— ll l 87. Jacob Downing 400 88. Rowland Evans 400 S'.l. Win. Drinker 400 90. Saml. Preston 400 lnO. Cadwalladder Evans... 91-99 101. John Skyiin 400 HERRICK — ( THOMSON ,1 Acres 1. John Sargent 301-120 2. Jos. Paul 301-120 3. Andrew Porter 318 4. Jonathan Sargent 290 n. Henry Dobbs 451-51 6. Henry Diinker 401-136 7. Win. Drinker 393-110 8. Jacob Downers 394-146 9. Kenneth Kulloth 100 10. Hannah Warner 301-141 11. Abraham Shoemaker. ..301-141 12. Matthew chaw 13. Jesse Brooks 300 14. Isaac IB. Saml. Hodgdon 443-10 10. John Stille 443-10 17. Geo. McCall 438-52 18. Geo. Plumstead 438-52 19. Geo. Dobbs 453-120 20. Jos. Darnley 40s-so 21. Saml. Darnley 470-40 22. Saml. Dobbs #82-40 23. Geo. Foster .434' .j 24. Andrew Osterman 484 :i 4 25. Henry Osterman 479-39 26. Roger Osterman 479-39 27. Jas. Darnley (or Dome- ly) 375-120 28. Saml. Wilson 445-120 29. 445-120 30. J. D. le Ray de Chau- mont 31. Israel Pleasants 481-28 32. Robt. Benson 170 33. PeterTaylor 34. Geo. Stow 474-19 35. Isaac Miller 429 36. John Campbell 300 37. John Pleasant 4411-10 38. Thos. Harrison 415-120 39. John Wilson 458-82 40. Saml. Pyatt 476 41. Henry Pyatt 470-34 .IE 1. Timothy Matlock 2. Clement Biddle 3. Mary JenkinB 4. Wm. Jackson 311-40 5. Joseph Towson 438-40 0. Wm. Plninet 309-60 7. 3Iatthe\v MeConnell... 8. Cassandra Jacobs 9. Richard Humphreys... 10. S. Wetheril 11. Thos. Fitzernian 12. Elijah Brown 13. Jas. Wilson 298^ Acres 102. John Drinker 167-24 103. John Morrel 407 : < + 104. David Beckley 403-140 105. Fredk. Barthold 4(10-140 100. 107. Adam Driesbic 108. Henry Drinker 414-33 109. John McC'ohen 411-71 110. Henry Tolland 111. Geo. Baker 428-89 112. Wm. Craig 113. Benj. Wilson 431-138 114. C. L. Ward 115. liobt. Trail See ARARAT). ND JACKSON'. SI. 82. I 83. >1T. 14. IS 17. 18. 19. Acres Paul Osterman 479-39 Saml. Osterman 470-121 Jos. Shippen 464-59 Jos. Shippen 543-115 Geo. White Andrew White 514 Peter Cooley 479-39 Henry Oliver 479-39 Andrew Oliver 479-39 Joseph Oliver 450-80 Jas. Pyatt 479-39 Peter Pyatt 479-39 Jos. Pyatt 479-39 Chas. Pyatt 479-39 Geo. Norton 479-39 Paul Bradley 434-53 Saml. Bradley 434-53 Hugh Johnston 199-120 Jas. Bradley 434-53 Saml. Norton 479-39 Jas. Norton 479-39 Henry Norton 479-39 Peter Norton 479-39 Andrew Norton 479-39 Peter Oliver 479-39 Geo. Oliver 479-39 Saml. Oliver 479-39 Jos. Wells 479-39 Henry Ross 479-39 Joshua Rink, Jr 434-53 Peter Ross 434-53 Saml. Norcross 431-53 Jos. Norcross Peter Norcross Jonathan Pyle Henry Norcross... Peter Pyle Peter Johnston... Joshua Rink, Jr.. Jas. Rink, Jr Saml. Findley Teter Findley 434-53 434-53 449-49 434-53 , 434-53 . 431-53 . 158-76 4,0 434-53 . 434-53 Henry Towson 360-84 Geo. White 412-16 Andrew Philips 420-44 Paul Towson 422-94 Robt. Taylor 301-120 Philip Johnston 302-40 Archibald Stewart 301-120 Chas. Grandowin John Barclay Joshua Ash Robt. Morton 428-130 Chas. Wharton 301-120 Chas. Stewart 301-120 Acres 27. Peter Towson 439-143 28. Chas. Kunkle 411-13 Acres 29. Conrad Ditmar.. 30. Daniel Reed 301-120 LATH Acres . *>-y 2 . 335-16 .. 439-:i!) .. 439-99 . 43:1-90 . 439-99 . 439-9!) . 439-99 Win. Layton.... Joseph Knux... Peter Roan Samuel Kuan.. Jas. Roan Henry Roan .... Chas. Roan Fredk. Trott Joseph Diver 433% Geo. Harvey 433-153 Hugh Harvey 439-99 Peter Harvey 433-150 Jas. Rose 433-153 Jas. (Juin Henry Ross Francis Jones... Peter Coxe 439-99 17. Geo. Co 19 id A ores 439-99 Joseph Coxe Luke Coxe Caleb Knox Jas. Harvey Chas. Conner.... 34 30 31 LEN JX. res . 439-99 . 439-99 .439-109 440 . 4071^ Catharine Frick ^~H Philip Frick 407^ Roger Harvey 474% Isaac Baldan 300 Samuel Baldin John Graff. 417 Ariel Tyhout 417 Geo. Ripler 4 6 Matt Brook 100 Peter Baldan Jae. Baldan 479-39 Andrew Baldan 479-3!) 30. Joseph Jasten 479-39 31. Henry Jasten 479-39 32, Peter Jordan 479-39 33, Henry Jordan 479-39 34, James Grumley 555J^ , 35. John Dorsey 25" 30, Robt. Paysley 37 Jas. Jordan 471% 38 Samuel Grumley 479-39 39, Harnian Grumley 4711-39 40. Paul Jasten 479-39 41. Samuel Jasten 479-39 42, Samuel Harmon 479-39 ' 43. Samuel Meredith 307-60 44. Samuel Meredith 307-00 45. Geo. Rinearson 46, Edward Shippen 294-38 47, James Coxe 400 4s Andrew Jasten 479-39 49 Jas. Jasten 479-39 5u Joshua Grumley 47'.i-39 51 Peter Grumley 479-39 Acres Samuel Jordan 450% Geo. Eddy 200 Thos. Jordan 450% Henry Grumley 479 "Woodbury S. "Wilson... Peter Harris Henry Harris 419-79 Roger Harris 400 Paul Harris 4o0 Peter North 345 1 ^ Harmon North 345% Norman Noble 473 Samuel Griffen 441 David Griffen Samuel Palmer 378-35 Andrew Palmer 366-25 Adam Campher ;;2 l j-10u Lawrence Sickler Wm. Sheaff John Boyd Joseph Thomas 122-100 John Hoops Daniel Tallmau 200 LIBERTY — (see FRANKLIN.) Edward Westcot 230 Stephen Madoris 40-30 David Daws (or Hawes). 4o0 Geo. Pickering Benj. Skyhawk 422>£ Wm. Sheaff. 300 Jonathan Penrose 300 Thos. Rowan Jv.i Thos. Forest •><.< John Rowa n 289 Wm. Lewis 'J89 Wm. Jackson.. ^,sy Peter Baynton Leonard Beaty Robt. Carson Wm. West, Jr 300 Justus Franks Philip Dun lap 40 l John Brown 447 Israel Israels 447 Benj. Jones 447 Sharp Delancy 449-120 LETOWN'. 22. Obadiah Wiley 387 ■ 2:'.. John Kunkle 415 24. Eliza Robareson 38>*^ 25. Eleazer Oswols 388% 26. Francis Lesher 388% 27. Josiah Matlock 3$&U 28. Amos Couper '^8^ I 29. Jas. Parker m M&}. z 30. Wm. Kenley -88^ 31. Guy Bryan 388% 32. Joseph Wright 388% 33. Francis Fisher 388 1 ,, 34. Josiab Hewes 38;> 1 .i 35. Cadwalladder Evans.... 38 s% 3ii. Robert Smith :;$8% 37. Lawrence Sickle 388*0 38. Jas. Carson 388% 39. Michael O'Brien ?-$$} 2 ' 40. Adam Yoke 414 41. Robt. Col-vie 415 42. AViu. Moulder 388% 43. Jas. Whitehead 38834 LAND TITLES AND WARRANTEES. 37 Acres 44. David Sickle 388% 45. Jas. Gardner 388% 46. Joseph James 388% 47. Jos. Gray 388% 48. Jonathan Price 388% 49. Joseph Stretch 388% 50. James Trimble 388% 51. Mary Ashton 388% XEW Mil Acres Patrick Holland 40G-80 John Wall 40G-S0 Samuel Powell 380 John Eldridge 38U Edward Shippen 401-142 Edward Shippen Peter Ellis 3o2% Edward Shippen 301-142 Edward Shippen 301-142 Andrew Allen 301-142 Geo. Roach 502% Andrew Allen 301-112 Andrew Allen 301-142 Andrew Allen 301-142 Samuel Roach 479-39 Peter Roach 415% Geo. Wells 4711-39 John Piatt 479-39 Geo. Ellis 479-39 Wm. Forbes 231-80 Casper Singer 291-80 James Holland 424 Henry Holland 421 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. IS. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23, 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Acres 52. Elizabeth Chandler 53. James Chalkley 388% 5-1, Thos. Smith 3SS^ 55. Peter Kulm 388% 50. Cad wal ladder Morris,,. 388% 57. Richard Mason 388% 58. James Craig. 115 .FORD. Acres 30. James I'ooley 37. Henry Wells 479-39 38. Joseph Fulton 479-39 39. Peter Flatt 479-39 40. Henry Ellis 479-39 Peter Eldredge 479-39 Joseph Flatt 479-39 Andrew Fulton 179-39 Robert Wells, Jr 479-39 Geo. Cuuley 479-3.9 479-39 479-39 Henry Eldredge 479-39 41. 42 43 44 45. Geo. Cuolev.. 46. Jas. Wells.... 47. Peter Fulton ■18 Joseph Hood 499 Andrew Epple 400-140 John Philips 400-120 Peter Hood 485-80 Gustavus Risbergh 400-120 Richard Poteman 400-120 Andrew Ellis 23S-84 Samuel Flatt 479-39 Robert Wells 479-39 Robert Pyle 479-39 49. Joseph Eldredge 479-39 5'. Roger Hood 479-39 51. Samuel Hood 479-39 52. Joseph Temple 479-39 53. John Temple 479-39 54. Samuel Temple 479-39 55. Solomon Rink, Jr 400-60 56. Joseph Rink 195 120 57. Samuel Eldredge 479-39 58. James Eldredge 479-39 59. Joseph Ross (or Race).. 479-39 60. Jas. Rink, Jr 400 61. Samuel Rink, Jr 400 62. Joshua Rink, Jr 63. Henry Rink 479-39 64. Andrew Pyle, Jr 401-60 65. Jonathan Hancock 438 66. James Chapman 400-140 07. John Barrow 400-140 68. Samuel Findley 434-53 69. Geo. Heplar 400-140 OAKLAND— {See HA RfSH. Samuel Nichols 489 Samuel Reeder 433-153 Peter Reeder Chas. Reeder Thos. Dundas 323 30. Thos. Barclay 320-40 31 Harman Lohra I 32, Harman Lohra | 33, Fredk. Lohra 399 I 34, Peter Bitters 405-100 I 35. Andrew Lohra 433-153 30. Andrew Bitters 396-36 37. Paul Craft 38. Samuel Bitters 356-80 39. Samuel Bitters 433-153 40. Christopher Lohra 433-153 41. Andrew Lohra 396-36 42. Joseph Lohra 375-10 43. John Lohra 400-10 44. Vacant 45. S. L Lovel 46. Isaac Coxe 330 47. Leonard Beaty 48 - Robert Carson 330 49. Hannah Humphreys... ' 50. J. C. Biddle ' 51. Henry lletterman 426-66 Paul Hefferrnau 433-153 Ichabod Terry Andrew Ingle 396-36 Samuel Ingle 433-153 Richard Bitters 433-153 Geo. Grice 358-80 Peter Grice 433-153 Andrew Grice 133-153, Paul Bitters 358-80 Henry Ingle 433-153 Joshua Ingle 433-153 Peter Lock 176%' Samuel Hefl'erman.... 316-10 Alexander Boyd John Heyl Rebecca Jervis Jas. Abercroinbie Jas. Lang Andrew Herterman Geo. Hefl'erman 394-126 Jonathan Nesbit 310 Alexander Nesbit 328-10 Paul Ingle 433-151 Peter Ingle 433-153 PaulWhitecar 358-80 Acres 52. Andrew Whitecar 433-153 53. Peter Charles 139 54. Henry Charles 453-40 55. Job Charles 42C-07 56. Samuel Towsoc 426-07 57. Jos. Towson 438-40 58. Fredk. Towson 402-140 59. Jas. Read 225-120 GO. Robert Bridges i.iel Nicl . Jackson White. .. uel White Joseph Boggs... 06. Samuel Hoggs 67. Jas.Boggs 08. Hugh Boggs... 69. Patrick Bogus 61. S:n 62. Wi 63. (in 64. Sai 05. Is.. , 311-10 412-10 412-10 112-16 112-16 . 412-16 , 412-16 412-10 SILVER Acres Jacob Lawensyker Henry MeSwine Edward Lasker 414 Benj. Chew 13,8-so Thos. Penrose 439-120 John Parrott 439-120 John Showel Joseph Coates 439-120 Thos. Afliick Wm. Nicholas Magnus Miller Roger Dibley 411 Joseph MeSwine Tench Francis Wm. Kinney Peter MeSwine Samuel MeSwine Joseph Dibley 341 Samuel Dibley 310-120 Peter Dibley 382-120 John Wueherer Rieard Parker Edward Duffleld 427-80 Casper Singer 427-80 Garrett Cott.inger 425 Acres 24. Jas. Bryson 425 25. Susannah Fisher 425 20. Win. Craig 425 27. Win. Brown 425 28. Jus. Coxe 29. Stephens Collins 427-80 30. Jeremiah Ward 427-80 31. Jacob Downing 82. Jeremiah Parker 33. Jas. Dibley 392-120 31. Jas. Denton 396-80 35. Henry De Melt 36. Jas. MeSwine 37. Wm. Compton 38. Samuel Powell 418 39. John MeSwine 40. Solomon De Melt 414 41. Peter Denton 42. Paul Denton 43. John Gravel 369-116 44. Geo. Hunter.... 45. Wm. Haysham 46. Christopher Roan 425 47. Elizabeth Jones 436-120 48. John Rudolph 425 SPRINOVILLE. Acres Peter White 420-44 Peter Clark 295-120 Jas. McWilliams 426-40 Geo. Holt 420-40 Jas. Holt 420-40 Samuel Holt 420-40 Philip Holt 426-10 Robert Holmes 426-10 Jas. Holmes 426^0 Samuel Holmes 426-40 Jas. Reaver 424-40 Samuel Reaver 424-40 Geo. Reaver 424-40 Peter Trester 421-40 Joseph Trester 424-40 John Trester 424-40 Henry Trester 121—10 Geo Trester 424-49 Henry Clark 294-64 Jas. Pentland 439-65 John Clarke 439-65 Wm. McPhail 439-65 Joseph Norkey 439-65 Henry Norkey.... 439-05 Samuel Norkey 439-05 Jas. Norkey 439-65 Peter Emery 439-65 Acres John Emery 439-05 Henry Hutinan 40 Francis Hutnian 65 Joseph Hutinan 87 Geo. Harris 438-55 Peter Harris 438-55 Hugh Harris 438-55 Jonathan Harris 438-55 Geo. Emory 438-55 Jas. Teel 400 Samuel Teel 356 Jeremiah Teel 382 Samuel Lock 261-120 Wm. Sharp John Wilcox Samuel Miller 363-80 Andrew Miller 398-40 Jonas Ramsey 419 Swen Warner 439-99 John Loder 439-99 Jacob Burkalaw 439-99 John Norkey 439-99 Geo. Degeiihard 439-99 Fredk. Trott 439-99 Geo. Hutnia 116 Peter Hutinan 95 Thomson — (see .tacksgn). 38 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER VI. TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY. Susquehanna County is broken by hills and valleys which follow each other in constant succession, presenting an irregular surface diver- sified by inland lakes and mountain streams. The landscape view from the hilltops is one of mountain repose and quiet pastoral beauty. " 1 The county is much diversified and made irregular by erosion. This would be strikingly illustrated to any one who should make a day's journey over any of the roads of the county which do not follow the water-courses ; our traveler would find his journey a constant suc- cession of ascents and descents." This is strik- ingly apparent as you journey on the old Mil- ford and Owego turnpike. "The Elk Mountains, a northern extension of the Mahoopany, form a very striking feature in southeastern Susquehanna; the North Knob and South Knob being visible from the hilltops in most portions of the county, and attaining an altitude of two thousand seven hundred feet. The cliff sandstones, of the Catshill series, frequently form a succession of steep bluffs, with sloping benches, shale occupying the intervals. They stand out uncovered with soil and surface debris in bold, successive cliffs along the hillsides ; or cap the higher summits with broad sheets of massive sand-rock. Thus, the North Knob has been preserved from destruction by its coping layer of hard, massive sand-rock ; the solitary peak stands two thousand seven hundred feet above tide, in the midst of a much lower sur- rounding country, while the valleys around it have been excavated one thousand five hundred feet below its summit. The highest land is in the eastern part of the county, on the Moosic divide, between Susquehanna and Wayne. It forms a belt about five or six miles wide, and is the northern prolongation of the Carbondale coal basin. As nearly all the water-ways cut down through the Catskill cliff sand-stones, their slopes are usually quite steep, and the valley beds themselves very narrow. The Tunkhan- l Prof. I. C. White's report of the geology of Wayne and Susquehanna. nock, with its narrow valley and high, steep side- walls, is a good example. In striking contrast with this is the broad and gently-sloping valley of the Susquehanna River, flowing between low, rolling hills of the soft Chemung rock. The Susquehanna River enters the county from Xew York at its northeastern corner, but after going south five miles it turns abruptly west, and after continuing about ten miles makes its Great Bend and passes northward back into Xew York. There it again veers west, and flows roughly parallel to the State line, and from three to ten miles north of it, to the mouth of the Chemung River at Waverly. Here it bends south into Bradford County, which it crosses to its southeast corner, and so keeps on southeast- ward across Wyoming County into Luzerne. Where it enters Wyoming County it is only four miles from the southwest corner of Susque- hanna County — thus making a great circle from the Great Bend round through Bradford County. " Its rate of fall is shown by the following table RATE OF FALL PER MILE. 04 19 35 Eate. 1' 11" 2' 1" 2' 1" ■1' 0" Susquehanna Depot to Waverly, 120' Waverly to Towanda -to" Towanda to Meshoppen 91' Meshoppen to Lackawanna Junction 74' Susquehanna Depot to Lackawanna Junction, 340' 155 2' 2" The east and west divide, which extends entirely across Susquehanna County, is -highest at the east, and from its northern slope many streams pass northward into the Susquehanna River. " Starr mm Creek, which drains the north- eastern corner of Susquehanna, rises on the highest portion of this east and west divide, flows northward, and empties into the Susque- hanna River at Lanesborough. The descent of its bed from the high divide," Ararat Summit, 2023', to the mouth of Starrucca Creek (Sus- quehanna River), S80', shows the fall to be about one thousand two hundred feet. The Susque- hanna River, in its tortuous course, receives the waters of all the creeks that drain the county, in whatever direction they flow. There is an irregular water-shed extending from a point between Wrighter and Long Ponds westward, through Ararat, Jackson, New Milford and Bridgewater, to Montrose, forming two water- TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY. 39 basins, one debouching northward, the other southward. " The Starrucca, Canawacta, Drinker's, Mitchell's, Salt Sick and Wiley Creeks empty northwards into the Susquehanna within the State ; Snake, Choconut and Apo- lacon Creeks not until they have entered New York State. The streams which drain the southern slope of this east and west divide are the following, beginning at the east: " Lackawanna River, which flows south along the eastern line of Susquehanna County (draining the western slope of the Moosic Mountains), cuts straight through the Lackawannock range at the southeastern corner of Susquehanna County and, entering the Lackawanna coal basin,' flows down its trough south- west to the Susquehanna River at Pittston. "Tunkhannock Ore ek, with its numerous tributaries, comes next west from the Lackawanna River, and drains a large area from the southern slope of the east and west divide, southwestward, into the Susque- hanna River at Tunkhannock, in Wyoming County. The main tributaries of this stream are the East Branch, empting into it near the southern line of the county, and Martin's Creek, which flows southward from the great gap in the east and west divide near New Milford, emptying into Tunkhannock two miles south from the county line at Nicholson. "The descent of this stream is shown by the fol- lowing barometric elevations: Miles. A. T. Divide at head of Tunkhannock Creek 1000' Level of creek near D. A. Lamb's 4. 1250' " Gelatt P. 6 1150' " Smiley P. S% 1075' " at South Gibson 12^ 1000' " " " mouth of Partner's Creek 15 925' " " " Glenwood I'. O 20 815' " " " Nicholson (Wyoming County) ... 23 700' " " " Tunkhannock (Susquehanna River) . 38 580' " Meshoppen Creek and its tributaries, Little Me- shoppen, White and Riley Creeks, drain the remaining portion of the southern slope of this divide. " Tuscarora Creek, which empties into the Susque- hanna near Laceyville, drains the extreme southwest corner of the county. " Wyalusing Creek rises on the elevated plateau near Montrose, and flowing westward with a rapid fall draius, with its tributaries (the North and Middle Branches), a large area out of the central western por- tion of Susquehanna County." There are many beautiful lakes in different parts of the country that will be described in their several localities. The most celebrated lake as a summer resort is Crystal Lake, that lies partly in Clifford township and partly in Lackawanna County. A number of neat sum- mer cottages have been erected at Heart Lake by Montrose people. There are several mineral springs in the county. The history of the salt springs is en- veloped in Indian tradition and romance. The pioneers at Great Bend observed that the squaws returned their kettles with salt in the bottom, and from such information as could be obtained, it was believed that there was a salt spring not many miles from the " Three Apple Trees." A salt spring was discovered on the south side of Silver Creek, near its junction with Fall Brook, and about a mile west of Franklin Forks. It is said to have been found by Abinoam Hinds and Isaac Peckins in 1802. The Indians kept these salt springs carefully concealed ; in this case they had turned the stream from its course and made it run over the spring, the basin of which had been hol- lowed out of the rock with a tomahawk. They found it covered with a large spoon and a stone laid over it. Balthaser De Haert and others sunk money in sinking wells for salt, which was never found in paying quantities. In 1865 the Susquehanna Salt Works Company purchased the property and sunk a well to the depth of six hundred and fifty feet, at an ex- pense of twenty-eight thousand dollars, erecting buildings, tanks and salt-block. At the depth of six hundred and fifty feet they found an ex- cellent vein of brine, and manufactured about twenty tons of good dairy salt. Alanson Chalker, John S. Tarbell and others purchased the property and sunk the well deeper, or about eight hundred and twenty feet deep, and found good brine, but not in sufficient quantity to make it a paying investment, and the works were abandoned. There is a sulphur spring in Rush, not far from Snyder's Hotel, on part of the Drinker estate, which was leased to J. D. Pepper for many years. Mr. Pepper gave away the water freely to all who came for it. Many people have visited the spring and car- ried away water in jugs, bottles and barrels. E. S. and A. D. Butterfield purchased the property in 1869, and erected a summer hotel. The waters are said to be beneficial in many cases. Dr. A. B. Prescotfs qualitative analysis shows that the constituent properties of the 40 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. water are chloride of magnesium, potassium and lime ; carbonate of magnesia, soda and lithia ; phosphoric, silicic and carbonic acid ; chlorine, protoxide of iron. " The rocks of the county belong principally to one system, viz. : what the geologists have termed the Catskill, since these same strata make up the great bulk of the Catskill Mountains in New York State. The main characteristic of the system is the abundance of red material, in the shape of red shale and red sandstone, the red color being always clue to per-oxide of iron dis- seminated through the rocks, or shale, as the case may be. Inter-stratified with the red shales are found frequent layers of gray or greenish current bedded sandstones, often finely laminated and forming excellent flagging material. The base of this system is seen only in Susquehanna County, and in that only along the Susquehanna River and the lower portions of the streams which flow into it, where one hundred to two hundred feet of Chemung rocks may be seen. " The soils of the county have been largely derived from the decomposition of rocks in situ, since the hill-slopes are generally so steep that the Drift is seldom found remaining; on them except in scattered patches. The Catskill system furnishes almost all of the surface rocks in this district, and the soils have been largely derived either from their gradual decay or trituration by glacial action. " The red shales of the Catskill have proba- bly contributed more to the formation of the soil than any other part of it, and it is the uni- versal testimony of the farmers that the ' red shale soils' are generally stronger and richer than any others. The amount of alkalies in the shale doubtless accounts for the fertility of its soil, since the quantity of lime and phosphoric acid is not sufficient to have any marked influence for eood. But while the red shale soils are usual! v o the best in the district, it is equally true that only in isolated patches and in favorable locali- ties are there any really first-class soils within the county. The great body of the surface is cov- ered by a thin saudy soil of very little natural fertility, and except in the vicinity of swamps, where a great thickness of decayed vegetable ma- terial has accumulated, and along some of the larger streams, where the drift deposits are ex- tensive, there is not much land within the dis- trict that will produce abundant crops until it has been fertilized artificially. The hill-slopes are steep and the surface generally rugged. Excel- lent crops of grass grow on almost any of the soils. " The great need of the soils is lime, and the more sandy soils are furnishing it. There are no pure limestone strata in the Catskill series, but there are a great many layers of impure calca- reous conglomerate, or breccia, interstratified with the shales and sandstone of this series. Huge fragments of this kind of rock lie scattered about over a large portion of the district, black- ened by exposure to the air. "These 'Nigger-heads' contain from ten to sixty-five per cent, of lime, and might often be burned to great advantage for lime manure. Many of the farmers have noticed the fact that the grass grows greener and richer near them, their lime being dissolved out by every shower to enrich the surrounding soil. But very few farmers have the least idea that these rocks con- tain enough lime to be of any service for burn- ing. They have been burned in some localities and a good lime for fertilizing has been made therefrom." Forests. — Susquehanna County was origi- nally covered with a dense growth of forest trees. The principal timbers were beech, birch, maple, cherry, ash, chestnut, basswood, hemlock and pine. There was also some hickory and oak. Pine was considered the most valuable for lum- ber and shingles, because it is durable and is soft, and easy to smooth with the plane. The pioneer settlers were reckless in their use of the pine and lawless as to where they got it. Here, in this dense wilderness, they looked upon a good pine tree as free plunder. It is not uncommon to find in the old ceiled houses wide pine boards entirely free from knots; in fact, thev would have nothing else but panel pine in their houses. The hemlocks have been destroyed, largely for their bark and lumber. The last of the lar°-e hemlock tracts that belonged to the Drinker estate, in Harmony township, is being peeled and manufactured into lumber at a rapid rate, and in a very few years the tanneries and saw- TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND BIOLOGY. 41 mills will be idle for want of bark and timber. The primeval forests that looked so formidable to the pioneers have nearly all fallen before the woodman's axe. or been destroyed by forest fires. "'Some hills in different parts of the county were once covered with chestnut, but its value as lumber was then unknown, and the land was not particularly sought after any more than any other timber-bearing section. Thousands of rails were split, not only to fence the little clear- ings of the settlers who had located there, but to sell to others who had settled in places where it was not so abundant. Only the best trees were used. Others that might have made ex- cellent lumber, but would not readily split, were cut into fallow lengths, rolled up in log heaps and burned. To-day we might call such work wasteful. In those times it was not looked upon in that light. The main object was to get rid of the timber in order to cultivate the ground. Since the railroads have been built, most of the young and thrifty chestnuts have been cut for ties. As a timber it is now comparatively scarce. The valleys of the Wyalusing, Lackawanna and the Tunkhannock, and its branches were once covered, more or less, with valuable pine timber, of a very superior quality. This was mostly cut and manufactured in the early days of the county; and although the prices of good pine lumber were exceedingly low, in comparison with present prices, it furnished a remunerative employment for many of the settlers, and kept the saw-mills busy. Scarcely anything was marketable in those days, unless it was panel — that is, perfectly clear lumber, free from all de- fects, and with no knots larger than a shilling. Pine lumber that would be called tolerably good now was thrown among the culls then, and sold at about the price of sawing. It was used in making fences, for roof-boards, etc., and to cut up as waste lumber. Only the best part of the tree was generally taken, and the tops, that would be likely to make only a second-grade lumber, as well as many other slightly imperfect logs, were left behind. Their remains may still be seen in some localities, and occasionally fine pine shingles are made from some of the old tree-tops 1 Jasper Jennmga. that were felled forty or fifty years ago ; though in most cases the logs are too rotten for use. Vast quantities of good pine timber were thus wasted, which in after-years would have com- manded a fair price. But very few pine trees can now be found in the county. If the pine that once grew in this section could be replaced as it was before a blow had been struck, the land would, without doubt, be more valuable than it is now, with all its buildings and cultivated fields. The soil is usually colder in pine sections, and more or less mountain laurel is found. " The low lands along the streams were mostly covered with a dense growth of heavy hemlock, and it was no uncommon thing to find specimens over twelve feet in circumference. In the early history of the country, before any tanneries had been erected, and when lumber was of but little account, the settlers rolled up the huge logs and burned them without being peeled. The green timber was often hard to reduce to ashes, and the sturdy pioneers sometimes used to wonder why such great trees were made. After bark and lumber began to be demanded, the prices of land began to advance, and bark-peeling and log-cutting became a considerable branch of in- dustry. Water and steam mills, with new and improved machinery, were built in various places, and vast quantities of boards, timber and plank were manufactured and shipped. For many years after the New York and Erie and Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroads were built, a large amount of wood was required for the loco- motives, and the cutting and hauling of railroad wood made a winter business of no small mag- nitude. Thousands of cords, neatly piled in immense ranks, at the various wood-yards, formed a prominent feature all along the line of the railway. Many enterprising farmers finished paying for their land by cutting and delivering wood and ties. But the various branches of timber industry, which had been carried on with varying success for many years, were ultimately destined to be brought to a close for want of material. Many of the saw-mills have long since gone to decay, and there is now but very little valuable timber land left in the county. "Among the many medicinl plants and herbs found in different localities of the county 42 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. are catnip, motherwort, tansy, caraway, burdock, yellow dock, wild or Indian turnip, lobelia, archangel, mouse ear, notch grass, win- tergreen, nervine or swamp wintergreen, avens root, dwarf elder, valerian, smart weed, pep- permint, spearmint, wild sage, boneset, sarsa- parilla, wild cucumber, blood root, colt's foot, snake root, bitter sweet, cohosh, celandine, eom- frey, dandelion, gold thread, white and yellow pond lily, pennyroyal, poke, prince's pine, Solomon's seal, spikenard, liverwort, elecampane, mandrake, polypody, beth root, male fern, maiden's hair fern, partridge berry, yarrow, adder's tongue, sweet fern, nettle, wild parsley, sweet flag, scabious, blue violet, blue flag, water rush, cat-tail flag, buttercup and ginseng. Sage, summer savory, wormwood, hoarhound, horse, radish, poppy, saffron and mustard are commonly cultivated in gardens. "The following weeds injurious to agriculture are also found here : White daisy, golden rod, common and Canada thistle, barn grass, mullein, pigweed, rag weed (a large yellow daisy which has lately made its appearance), St. John's wort, bulrush, wild carrot and buttercup. Ivy and wild hops are found .in some localities, and helle- bore grows in marshy places along the streams. Mafty pests of the farm have been brought in with grass seed purchased from distant sec- tions of the country." Animals, Birds and Reptiles. — "The zoology of the county has undergone considerable changes, incident to the changes of the country from wilderness to cultivation. In earlier years, when the far-reaching forest was only broken here and there by little clearings, panthers, bears, wolves and wild-cats were numerous, and often proved formidable foes to the settlers. These animals have long since been exterminated, with, perhaps, the single exception of an occa- sional wild-cat. Deer, once so numerous, were early destroyed. Foxes still have their dens in the many different ledges in back places, and skunks, minks and weasels often make their night raids upon the farmer's poultry. Musk- rats are found along the streams ; rabbits and hares abound, and red, gray and black squirrels and chipmunks are numerous. Woodchucks and raccoons sometimes injure corn and pump- kins, and rats, mice and moles are found in. considerable numbers. Otters were once found along the creeks, but they have all passed away. What are called beaver meadows exist in several places, but there is no record of any of these animals being seen in this locality, and if they were ever here, they had disappeared before the advent of the white man. Elk were found here by the pioneers, especially in the vicinity of the Elk and Moosic Mountains. " Among the more prominent birds are hen, night, fish and sparrow hawks, partridges, crows, blackbirds, cuckoos, blue jays, whip- poor-wills, horned and screech owls, catbirds, snowbirds, chickadees, kingfishers, cranes, king- birds, meadow larks, bobolinks, pigeons, quails, wild ducks, robins, chipping birds, several va- rieties of woodpeckers, wrens, thrushes, swal- lows, yellow birds, scarlet red birds with black wings, bluebirds and humming birds. One or two eagles have been killed here, but thev are very rarely seen. Dr. L. A. Smith, of Xew Milford, has in his office a very extensive col- lection of neatly-stuffed specimens, representing nearly every species common to this latitude. The wild turkey was also a native of the prime- val forest. "Toads, frogs and lizards inhabit all the swamps and pools in great numbers, and occa- sionally a mud or land turtle is met with. Striped snakes, as well as the little brown and green snakes, are numerous. Water snakes abound along the sunny borders of ponds and water-courses, and a species of spotted adder, known as the milk snake, is common. It is sometimes nearly as large as the rattlesnake, and presents a formidable appearance. The rattle- snake, once very numerous in certain localities, is occasionally met with in the county." Fish. — The clear mountain streams of Sus- quehanna County once abounded in trout, the native fish of this region of country. The In- dians took the speckled beauties from the bubbling waters of the Wyalusing, Meshoppen, Tunkhannock and other streamlets of Susque- hanna County long before the white man visited this region. The tanneries, mills and factories have rendered the waters too impure for this dainty fish in many cases, and the LINES OF TRAVEL. 43 sportsmen, by persistent fishing in others, have nearly depleted the streams and lakes of this fish. Catfish, perch, shiners, sunfish and eels were also native fish. Pickerel were put into the lakes about 1836, and bass about 1870 ; George R. Lathrop, Dr. Smith and other sports- men put the bass into the lakes. J. P. Taylor was instrumental in putting five thousand Cali- fornia trout into the Meshoppen Creek and Carmalt's Lake, in Choconut township, in 1886 ; also five thousand salmon trout and ten thousand white fish, for food, into Silver Lake, in 1887. He also proposes to stock the Wya- lusing with California trout. As the mills and tanneries disappear, the rapid-running mountain streams of Susquehanna County can be success- fully stocked with trout again. CHAPTER VII. LINES OF TRAVEL. Indian Trails — Pioneer Hoads — Turnpikes — Stage Routes— Railroads. Ixdiax Trails. — One of the many subjects that afford interest in connection with the habitation of this region of country by the de- parted race, is the study of their lines of travel- routes chosen by them to facilitate intercourse with each other aud with distant tribes, and also to places affording means for the supply of their simple wants ; indeed, for just such jjur- poses as civilization requires in modern lines of travel, but, of course, to a very limited extent. It is erroneous to suppose that the Indians roamed about and through the wild woods with undefined purpose or destination ; the directions of these trails were well chosen for ease of travel, and they probably rarely departed from them except in pursuit of game. More of our highways than we imagine are laid upon lines surveyed to us, and well defined long before the country was invaded by us, and before the original possessors were despoiled and driven away. It must become apparent to those who give attention to the subject, that the Indians lived almost exclusively in the valleys and on the borders of lakes and streams, because here were obtained that upon which they subsisted, — game, fish, berries, fruits and Indian corn. They could do very little, indeed, with their stone implements in felling trees and clearing forests, and the land cultivated for maize was such as the generous hand of nature furnished them, in the drift and alluvial deposits, made by successive, but irregular, periods of inunda- tion. Ale the course of the river, where there is a margin of level land of any extent, we find almost invariably evidence of the existence of camp-fires ill the charred wood and heat-dis- colored stones and clay disclosed by the crumb- ling earth along the river-bank, and in the plowed fields adjacent ; in such localities are found almost exclusively the Indians' imple- ments of warfare, and those for domestic utility, — the stone age, in fact, in all its variety, in- cluding numberless fragmentary specimens of the fictile art ; while to find even an arrow- point or spear-head on the mountain is notice- ably a rare occurrence. Numerous arrow-heads have been found along the Wyalusing and Susquehanna Rivers in this county. The most extensive and well-known of In- dian trails in this part of the country is that commencing at the Hudson River, passing in a westerly direction to and through the Mini- sink country, thence along the base of the Blue Mountain to Mahanoy Valley, and to the Sus- quehanna River at Sunbury. At the Hudson the trail extended eastward to the New England States. Along this national highway, as in modern times we would speak of it, radiated trails north and south of the great artery for its whole length, notably those through the Dela- ware Water Gap, Tatemy's Gap, Wind Gap and Lehigh Gap ; those to the northward, up the numerous valleys and streams that intersect the main thoroughfare at varying angles. The well-known Indian trail to Wyoming Valley was one of these diverging lines of travel, and furnished the bearings for the road cut for the passage of General Sullivan's army on its march to the rescue of the Wyoming sufferers in 1779. 44 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. There were two Indian trails at Great Bend : one leading to the Lackawanna and Wyoming Valleys, and the other extending more easterly, through Cobb's Gap, to Easton and Philadel- phia. It was one of the war-paths of the Six Nations, and was not used by any other tribe without their consent after the subjection of the Delawares. Another extended northward from Great Bend to the Indian settlements in New York. Another well-worn trail extended from the Susquehanna eastward through Mt. Pleas- ant, Wayne County, to the Delaware River. Surely the poor Indians have been better to us than we to them, for they have shown us " the way we should go," and it is literally true that we follow in their footsteps. " The lines along which, with roar and rumble, the engine now rushes with its mighty load, making an old-time day's journey in sixty minutes, are almost exactly coincident with the first rude wagon-roads of the pioneers of a century and more ago, and also with the paths or trails along the water-courses and through the easiest mountain passes trodden from time imme- morial by the moccasined foot of the. red man. The skilled surveyor and engineer has followed with scientific instruments where the Indians first went, guided only by the instincts of woodcraft. The differ- ence between the new and the old is far less in the lines of communication than in the method of travel, and the moderns, with all of their wisdom and knowl- edge, have done little besides making grand improve- ments on old routes — building with stone and iron and steel, it is true, but, nevertheless, along the course of the old, narrow, leaf-strewn path that the Indian first found out was the most direct and prac- ticable line of communication between two given points." Pioneer Roads. — The desire to facilitate intercourse with each other, evinced by the early settlers of a neighborhood, in the immedi- ate construction of foot-paths, bridle-paths and roadways from dwelling to dwelling, as each new settler appeared, probably gave rise to the old Roman maxim that " the first step in civili- zation is to make roads." In most cases the first roads were constructed upon foot-paths by the new dwellers, and so continued as other families appeared, for the convenience of friendly intercourse and mutual protection, without thought that these foot-paths were destined in time to become the established high- ways of the country. Hence the adverse criti- cism on country roads in general is more fre- quent than just. It is very easy now to dis- cover where hills might have been avoided and distances shortened and to reproach these pio- neers for the lack of engineering skill displayed in road-making. Roads laid out by order of court in these early times were frequently located upon Indian trails, and not unfrequently upon the trails of wild animals. Senator Benton advised Colonel Fremont, in his first expedition, to notice the trail of animals across the country westward, observing that "the buffalo is the best of engineers.'' The correctness of this observation is con- firmed in the experience of old hunters, who ascertain that deer and other wild animals, when unpursned, follow the best chosen route of travel from their hiding-places in the swamps to the plains and across the mountains ; and that class of hunters who avail themselves of this knowl- edge dispense with the use of the dog and the excitement of the chase for the more successful, though solitary, "still hunt," lying in wait upon the trail until such time as the well-known habits of the animal lead him to quit his hiding- place in quest of food and water, when he falls an easy prey to the deliberate aim of the hunter. Roads through the several "Gaps" or depres- sions in the Blue Ridge, between the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, were laid out on Indian trails. These trails were severally used as found most convenient, from time immemorial, by the different tribes of Indians living between the Delaware and Susquehanna, in their intercourse with other tribes and nations south of the moun- tain, and subsequently in their attendance upon the numerous conferences held at Easton and Philadelphia ; as also in conveying their furs and pelts to a place of barter. But it was in the way of these people to Bethlehem, to seek a citv of safety during the troublesome times that fol- lowed the advent of the white man, that these mountain paths became most frequented after the settlement of the Moravians, in 1742. For many years after settlements were made in the Minisink there was little or no intercourse with the inhabitants south of the Blue Ridge, LINES OF TRAVEL. 45 and no wagon-roads in that direction or any other, except " the Old Mine road," extending from the copper-mines at Pahaquarri to Esopus, on the Hudson, a distance of one hundred miles. This was the first road north of the mountain, and is claimed to be the first of that extent in' the province of Pennsylvania. The Old Mine road greatly facilitated immi- gration to the Minisink, and brought to that section a well-to-do class of men. In the succeeding fifty years there was little immigra- tion from any other direction. The country south of the Blue Pidge was inaccessible except by Indian paths through the several "gaps" in the mountains. The Mine road was also one of the main avenues of communication between New Eng- land and Wyoming. Over it passed the enter- prising people of Connecticut on their way to settle in this valley, which was claimed by their State, to the great disturbance of the Pennsyl- vania portion of the Minisink, and which was the occasion of frequent communications with the authorities at Philadelphia. Over this road also passed the suffering fugitives after the massacre at Wyoming in 1778, after fifty miles of weary wandering through a desolate wilderness between the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers. The old Mine road is the principal highway for modern travel for the country through which it passes. As to the time the road was built, we know, to a certainty, very little. That it was in exist- ence when Nicholas Depui settled in the Lower Minisink, in 1725, is unquestioned. It is fair to conclude, therefore, that the road was built and the mining commenced before the English obtained possession of New York, in 1664, and if so, it was the oldest road of the same extent in the county. Whether constructed by govern- ment or by individual enterprise, it was a work of great magnitude at that early clay. The country through which it passed being, of course, an entire wilderness, the difficulties to be over- come we can well imagine to be such as would be considered formidable at this day, with the benefit of modern skill and modern appliances. To remove the gigantic trees of the primitive forest was impossible in the narrow compass of a wagon-road, and the only method was the slow process of burning, after they had been felled to the ground by the axemen. They could have had little knowledge either of the geography or topography of the section through which they were passing, and must have encountered difficulties in determining even the general direction, without scarcely attempt- ing to make choice of favorable grade or suita- ble location, and yet we are told that the road is very judiciously laid out; and this all seems to be explained when we learn that it was laid on the old Indian trail leading from the Hudson to the Delaware Water Gap. The first road opened by the Connecticut set- tlers who came to the Wyoming Valley followed an old Indian trail a large part of the way. It was cut through in 1762 by the first colony of settlers at Wyoming. It formed connection with the Minisink road that came down from Car- penter's Point, near Port Jervis, to Milford ; thence through the wilderness barrens of Pike County, by way of Blooming Grove, to Major Ainsley; thence across the Wallenpaupack, near the old Marshall Purely place, westward through Salem township, Wayne County; thence west- ward through Cobb's Gap to the Lackawanna Valley; thence to Wyoming. The North and South State road was opened from near Pocono Point, (now Tannersville), in Monroe County, extending northwest through the western part of Wayne County to the State line by John, Joseph and William Hilborn in 1788. The Legislature appropriated one thousand pounds to open this road, and also a branch road from it to extend westward to Tioga Point. The road was not cut through to Tioga Point, but about that time Andrew Ellicott, who was commis- sioner on the part of Pennsylvania to run and fix the boundary line between this State and New York, did cut a road which terminated in 1789 at the mouth of Cascade Creek, and was generally known as Ellicott's road. In 1789, Samuel Preston, of Stockport, be- gan opening a road from Stockport to Har- mony, on the Susquehanna, as a portage road. In 1791 the State appropriated four hundred pounds towards the expense of oj)ening such portage road. A road was opened at private 46 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. expense, in 1791, from the Delaware to Great Bend. The Newburg turnpike afterwards fol- lowed the general course of this road. 2 In 1798 a road was opened from Great Bend to Tunk- hannock, and another (1799-1801) from the forks of the Wyalusing to join the latter. About 1800 Oliver Trowbridge and others petitioned for " a road from the plantation of Ichabod Buck (at Red Rock), extending up the river to the north line of the State," and also one " from the north line, on the east side of the Susquehanna, down the same to Abner Com- stock's to a fording, thence across the river, to intersect the first-mentioned road, near the plan- tation of William Smith." Simeon Wylie and David Brownson were the viewers. In 1801 still another road, or marked path at least, was gained, " from the north line of the State, near the seventeenth mile-stone, down to the road that leads from Great Beud to Har- mony." In 1802 a road was viewed from the settle- ment near the mouth of the Snake Creek to Great Bend, four miles. Timothy Pickering, Jr., was one of the viewers of another road in Willingborough about the same time. In November, 1808, Dr. Rose petitioned for a road from Silver Lake to Great Bend, which was granted in 1809. In 1799 a road was granted from Robert Corbett's house (New Mil- ford) to Solomon Millard's, in Nicholson (now Lenox). Many of the early settlers followed the streams or found their way by marked trees. The first court after the county was erected was almost entirely spent in considering petitions for roads and in appointing road-view- ers, and that has continued until the county now has thousands of miles of public roads over the hills and through the valleys in all directions. 2 The State Road — " In 1808 an act was passed authorizing commissioners to explore and mark out a road from where the Cochecton turn- pike passes through Moosic Mountain to the west line of the State. This road is probably the one that left the turnpike at Robert Chand- ler's, in Gibson, and running westward reached the Wyalusing at Grangerville." l Blackmail, page 510. 2 Blackman, page 511. Newburg Turnpike Road — The New- burg and Cochecton Turnpike. — March 20, 1801, the Legislature of New York granted a charter to Robert Browne, John De Witt, William Seymour, George Clinton, Jr., and Others, under name of " The President, Direc- tors and Company of the Newburg and Co- checton Turnpike Road, with a capital limited to $80,000, and authority to construct a turn- pike road in the nearest and most convenient and direct route from the village of Newburg, on Hudson's River, to Cochecton, on the Dela- ware River." The stock was soon taken, and the road constructed, running a line of sixty miles, with substantial bridges and all the ap- pointments of a good road. Though De Witt lost his life and Miller became financially crip- pled, the road opened up the country and, to- gethpr with its connections with other roads, became a great thoroughfare of travel. This road is here mentioned because in connection with the Cochecton and Great Bend Turnpike Road. The Cochecton and Great Bend Turn- pike Company was incorporated by an act of Assembly dated March 29, 1804, the commis- sioners being Henry Drinker, Edward Tilgh- man, Thomas Harrison and William Poyntell, of the city of Philadelphia; John Conklin, Jason Torrey and Samuel Stanton, of Wayne County ; and Asahel Gregory, John Tyler and Minna Dubois, of Luzerne County. The shares were ten dollars each, and the act provided that four hundred shares should be subscribed in Philadelphia, three hundred in Cochecton and three hundred at Great Bend. The act stipu- lated that the company "shall cause a road to be laid out from Damascus Mills to the top of Moosic Mountain aforesaid, to or near the twenty mile-stone in the north line of the State, unless such places where nature ground render greater width expedient," the width was to be twenty feet. The turnpike was finished in 1811. The travel upon it was very great, as, with its con- nections, it was the principal route from New- burg to Western New York. Daily mail-coaches, drawn by four horses, were run upon the road for years. Numerous taverns were built alono- the line. The construction of the Erie Canal LINES OF TKAVEL. 47 lessened the travel upon this turnpike, but it was a much-used thoroughfare until the Erie Railroad was built. Then through travel was almost wholly suspended. The length of the road from Cochectou to Great Bend is fifty miles. Beginning at Co- chectou on the Delaware, it crosses the river and passes through the townships of Damascus, Le- banon and Mt. Pleasant, in Wayne County; and Gibson, New Milford and Great Bend, in Susquehanna County. " It was built by individual enterprise; most of the stock was taken on the line of the road. It was con- structed twenty feet wide, at a cost of $1,620 per mile. The materials are earth, stone, lime and timber. Its form was convex, being about four inches higher in the centre than at the sides. During the first three years it paid a debt of $11,000, besides keeping itself in repair. Some portions of this part of the State owe their early existence and growth to this road. It gave a decided impulse to the increase of population and improvements in the surrounding country." These two turnpikes constituted what was known as the Newburg road. In the fall of 1872 a meeting of the directors of the Newburg and Cochecton road was held at Newburg, and the road was given up as a turnpike. Like other abandoned turnpikes, it has now become a pub- lic highway, and is kept in repair by the town- ships and boroughs through which it passes. Milford and Owego Turnpike. — Janu- ary 26, 1807, an act was passed authorizing commissioners to open books and receive sub- scriptions to the Milford and Owego turnpike road. The commissioners were authorized to adjourn from time to time until two thousand shares were subscribed, and subscribers were to pay five dollars for each share subscribed. When a certain number of shares were subscribed they were incorporated under the name of the Presi- dent, Manager and Company of the Milford and Owego Turnpike Road. The Improvement Bill, passed 26th March, 1821, authorized and required the Governor to subscribe, on behalf of the Commonwealth, $16,000 to the capital stock of the Milford and Owego Turnpike Road Com- pany, and as soon as any five miles were com- pleted and approved of, it became the duty of the Governor to draw his warrant on the State Treasurer for a sum in proportion to the whole distance, and a like sum for every five miles un- til the whole sum be drawn, provided, that the money hereby appropriated shall first be applied to making the unfinished part of said road." Shortly after the act of 1809, subscriptions to the stock were received by the company. Isaac Post appears to have been the first treasurer. The shares were twenty-five dollars each, and were generally paid for in work on the road. The work was commenced as early as 1812. Isaac Post, treasurer, made a contract with Henry Newton, January 7, 1812, to construct one mile of the road for $1200, to be completed November 19, 1813. He was to receive $250 in cash and the rest in stock, or lands lying along the road belonging to the company. The road was to be twenty feet wide, clear of the ditches, bedded with wood, earth, stone, gravel or other proper material, so as to secure a solid foundation. The bridges were to be strong, having four-inch plank and side railings. The contract price varied from $800 to $1200 per mile. Among those who took stock were, — No. of shares. Work on road. Isaac Post 10— $250.00 $600.00 G. Clymer 48—1200.00 Joshua Miles 10— 250.00 493.50 David Aldrich land— 348.76 245.00 Bucklin & Newton.. 4— 100.00 400.00 Henry Newton 7—175.00 440.00 Norton & Millard... 4— 100.00 210.00 Jonathan West 22—550.00 297.00 Zenas Bryant 4— 100.00 430.00 Benjamin Walker — 278.00 720.00 Ebenezer Coburn.... 62—1550.00 1606.68 Chas. Nichols 2— 50.00 142.04 Obadiah Merrill —1825.00 4600.00 Michael Dow 60—1500.00 2250.00 Chas. S. Campbell —1031.00 2256.00 E. W. Green — 400.00 1200.00 D. Robbie, W. Gragg, Leman Turrell, A. Thatcher, I. & S. West, S. Bentley, E. Griffis, J. Street, S. Tag- gart, S. Wilson, E. Whitney, D. & J. McMillan, J. Garnsey, E. Summers, J. Tewksbury, A. Sweet, Bailey & Co., Orlen Capron and others did work on the road and took one-third cash and the balance in land and stock. This work was done between 1812 and 1818. The $16,000 State aid gave a new impetus to the work and it was completed in 1821. Robert H. Rose appears to have been president, Isaac 48 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Post, treasurer, and B. T. Case, secretary and surveyor. Putnam Catlin was treasurer for about seven years prior to 1824, when Freder- ick Bailey was elected and continued in that office until the gates were thrown down. February 15, 1816, New Jersey granted $20,000 to the Milford and Owego Turnpike Company, on condition that they would pledge themselves to complete the road. October 12, 1818, the president and managers pledged "the road and all the funds to such person as shall give security as aforesaid." July 21, 1821, Robert H. Rose, president, and Putnam Catlin, treasurer, certified that they had settled with all persons who had con- tracted to do work prior to the preceding March. January 4, 1819, Putnam Catlin, treasurer, reported receipts for the last two years, $12,596.- 86 ; orders paid, $5798.69 ; balance in treasury, $6798.17; amount of stock issued, 2013 shares —$50,326. The early gate-keepers were Samuel Dotterer, Edward Otto, Michael West, Elias West, Moses Coborn, Chas. B. Seaman and Noah Rogers. November 8, 1822, R. H. Rose wrote to the Postmaster-General, urging him to carry the mail from New York to Owego by way of the Milford and Owego turnpike, and not by the Newburg turnpike. He gives the following distances : — By the Newburg and Owego road, from New York to Newburg, 69 miles; thence to Great Bend, 108 miles; thence to Owego, 37 miles ; total, 214. By the Milford and Owego road, from New York to Milford, 60 miles ; thence to Montrose, 70 miles; thence to Owego, 30 miles; total, 160 miles, or 54 miles nearer by the Milford and Owego than by the Newburg road. The Milford and Owego road runs diagonally across Susquehanna County in a northwesterly direction from the point where it enters the countv in Clifford, through Dundaff, Rynear- son's Corners in Lenox, Brooklyn, Montrose, Friendsville to Owego, passing out of the county through Apolacon township, near the forty-third mile-stone. The road was not run to avoid hills. It seemed to have been the design of B. T. Case to pass it over every high hill anywhere along the route, for it is located on a continuous succession of hills and valleys; but it has the merit of keep- ing its general course more nearly direct than most of the roads in Northern Pennsylvania. In 1831 the following statement of affairs was made : Cost of making the road 81fiS,723.oO Stock paid by the State 31,000.00 Stock paid by individual subscribers 64,700.00 Debts due by the company 7,150.00 No dividend declared the preceding year. 83,823.56 3,054.06 Tolls received for year 1830 Expenditures Balance in hands of treasurer 8160.50 The following statement was made in 1839 : Total receipts from gates.. Balance from 1838 84,076.78 1,840.44 ¥0.820.22 Total Expenditures : Paid on Brunson claim 8209.31 Eoad and bridge repairs 2,165.25 Dividends 683.50 Toll-gatherers, managers, secretary, treasurer and agents 1,012.46 Viewing committee 77.60 Incidental 29.11 Total 84.177.32 In Susquehanna Bank and treasurer's hands. 648.90 Unpaid dividends 1,21 8. 00 Balance 1,430.90 Receipts for 1839 4,',i76.7.8 Receipts for 1838 4,690.97 Increase 8- .So . 81 The following persons were managers from 1808 : 1808, John Brodhead, John Brink, James Barton, Matthew Ridgeway, Dan Dimmick, Bartlett Hinds, Benjamin Carpenter, Asa Stanton, George Bowhan- nan, Francis A. Smith. John H. Schenk, Caleb Forbes, James Pumpelly ; 1809, George Biddis, James Rose, Robert H. Rose, Hosea Tiffany, Amos Harding; 1810, Lewis Collins, George Rix, Joshua Miles, Jonathan West, Isaac Rynearson, Simeon Ainsley ; 1811, Abram J. Stryker, Ebenezer Coburn, Charles Gere, Putnam Catlin; 1812, John Fobes ; 181.3, Isaac P. Foster; 1816, Benjamin Case, Charles Fraser ; 1817, Frederick Bailey, Isaac Post, Stephen Wilson. From 1826 to 1833, R. H. Rose, I. Rynearson, Leman Turrell, F. Bailey, I. P. Foster, C. Fraser, I. Post, D. Post, C. Gere, B. T. Case, George Rix, P. Catlin and Jeremiah LINES OF TRAVEL. 49 Gere were managers, and Isaac Post was secretary, at the pay of six dollars per year. The managers re- ceived two dollars per day. March 20, 1830, an act supplementary to the act incorporating a company for making an artificial road by the nearest and best route through the counties of Wayne and Luzerne (now Susquehanna), beginning at Milford, thence through said town and counties to the forty- third mile-stone on the north line of the State, was passed, authorizing the Milford and Owego Turn- pike Co. to build a road, commencing at or near Dundaff, thence to Carbondale, thence to in- tersect the Milford and Owego turnpike at the most convenient point. This act was necessary to connect the road with the new and growing town of Carbondale. Anthracite coal, the de- velopment of which was destined to revolution- ize modes of travel in Northeastern Pennsylva- nia, was constantly growing in favor with the people as a fuel, and Carbondale was one of the first cities developed by the new industry. Consequently it became necessary to connect this town with this great eastern and western thoroughfare. The Milford and Owego and Newburg and Owego were the two highways that connected New York City with the Gene- see and Lake country, as it was then called, and still farther west, but the building of the Erie, and Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroads destroyed these roads. In 1851 they began to throw open their gates to the public, and in 1861 the charter of the Milford and Owego road was repealed. Bridgewater and Wilkes-Barre Turn- pike. — An act was passed March 30, 1811, to incorporate a company for making a road from the northern boundary line of this State, at the most suitable place, near the twenty-eighth mile- stone, to the place where the seat of justice is established for the county of Susquehanna, thence by best and nearest route to borough of Wilkes-Barre. The road was begun in 1813. May 9, 1819. Ebenezer Bowman was president and Benjamin Perry was secretary. The board of managers present were Messrs. Dorrance, I. Post, B. Jenkins, E. Tuttle, Scott, Shoemaker, G. Miller, I. Slocum, E. Harding, Raynsford. They resolved to divide the whole road into two 4 sections, — the northern section to commence at the State line, and to extend to the east bank of the Susquehanna River, at or near the house of Isaac Slocum, in Tunkhannock Township, Lu- zerne County ; the southern section to com- mence on the west bank of the Susquehanna River, nearly opposite the house of Isaac Slo- cum, extending through the townships of Tunk- hannock, Exeter and Kingston to the borough of Wilkes-Barre. The commonwealth sub- scribed $15,000, of which $10,000 was appro- priated to the northern section and $5000 to the southern section. The Bridgewater and Wilkes-Barre turnpike entered the southern part of Susquehanna County, in Springville township, passing through Springville village, Dimock and Bridgewater, crossing the Milford and Owego turnpike at Montrose, thence through Silver Lake township to Chenango Point or Binghamton. Lord Butler was presi- dent in 1821. In 1819 Jabez Hyde, Jr., Samuel Warner and Bela Jones reported that fifteen miles of the road were completed. In 1824 William Jessup, Silvanus S. Mulford and Walker G. Woodhouse, commissioners on the part of the State, reported that the last section was completed. Benjamin Lathrop was ap- pointed manager on the part of the State for a number of years. About 1841 the gates were thrown open. "In 1813 the Clifford and Wilkes-Barre turnpike was also begun, and cost $1200 per mile. "In 1818 books were opened for subscription to stock in the New Milford and Montrose turnpike ; but it appears there never has been a turnpike between these two points, though more than twenty years later the subject was again engaging the attention of some of our most enterprising men." Philadelphia and Great Bend Turn- pike. — ' (1 In 1818 the Legislature passed 'an act to authorize the Governor to incorporate the President, Managers and Company of the Phila- delphia and Great Bend Turnpike Road,' which should 'commence at or near the thirtieth mile- stone on the Easton and Wilkes-Barre turnpike 1 Blackmail's, page 512, 50 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. road, pass over the nearest and best ground through Leggett's Gap, in Lackawannock Moun- tain, and terminate on the Cochectou and Great Bend turnpike road, at or near the tavern of Ithamer Mott, iu the county of .Susquehanna.' Work upon the road was begun in 1821. It followed the Nine Partners' Creek through Harford to Lenox post-office and Lenoxville, thence to the southern boundary of our county and below, as ordered by the act of Legislature. Messrs. Thomas Meredith, William Ward and Henry W. Drinker appear to have had charge of the contracts on this road — much of the business, at least, was in their hands. This great thoroughfare has ceased to be a toll-road, and the travel over it is limited almost entirely to local business ; but, in its day, it served to open a most desirable communication with Phila- delphia, and contributed greatly to the advan- tage of the county." The Belmont and Oghquagah Turnpike Com- pany was chartered February 26, 1817. The commissioners were Thomas Meredith, Ira Mumford, Jr., Sanford Clark, Joseph Tanner, Benj. King, Asa Stanton, Thomas Spangenberg and Walter Lyon. The road was built chiefly through the exertions of T. Meredith, Esq. It was begun in 1821 and finished in 1825. The following turnpikes were incorporated as follows : Abingtou and Waterford, January, 1823; Dundaff and Tunkhannock, April, 1828 ; Dun- daff and Honesdale, March, 1831 ; Lenox and Harmony, April, 1835 ; Lenox and Carbon dale (past Clifford Corners), March, 1842, extended to South Gibson by act of March, 1847 ; Brooklyn and Lenox, March, 1848 ; Tunkhannock Creek Company, March, 1849. Mail and Stage Routes. — al In 175)8 a mail was run once in two weeks between Wilkes-Barre and Great Bend, and the following- year a weekly route was opened between Wilkes-Barre and Owego. These routes were sustained chiefly, if not altogether, by private subscription, the subscribers paying as high as fifty cents per quarter to the mail carrier. "In 1810 Conard Peter contracted with the government to carry the mail once a week in stages, from Sunbury to Painted Post, by way of Wilkes-Barre and Athens. He sold his interest in the route from Sunbury to Wilkes-Barre to Miller Horton." It is probable that the letters to the first settlers in Susquehanna were addressed to Wilkes-Barre, and remained there until called for. The first mail carried through the wilds of Susquehanna County was AX OLD-TIME STAGE COACH. carried on horseback. The Searle brothers worked with the Horton brothers — Miller, Jesse and Lewis Horton — at an early period. Deodat Smith was one of the pioneer mail-carriers. Isaac Post and, later, John Buckingham and other hotel-keepers, assisted in forwarding the mails, but John Searle had one of the longest rounds of those pioneer post-riders. When he was a mere boy, as early as 1816, and perhaps as early as 1812, he carried the mail once a fortnight from Wilkes-Barre to Pittston, Tioga Point or Athens ; thence across to Silver Lake, Great Bend (then Willingborough), Harmony, Deposit, Stockport, on the Delaware, in the northeastern part of the State, southward to Mount Pleasant, Bethany, on the road down the Lackawaxen through the swamp where Hones- dale now is to Lackawaxen; thence to Milford. Here he turned his course westward, and fol- lowed the road taken by the Wyoming settlers from the Delaware River westward through the barrens of Pike County to Shohola, Salem, Cobb's Gap and Providence, thence back again to Wilkes-Barre. This lone youth rode through these wilderness paths or roads a distance of about three hundred and twenty miles in two weeks. He blew a horn as he passed a settler's house. " - When papers came, the men would 1 " Annals of Luzerne," page 452. -P. G. Goudrich,in "History ofWayne County. 1 ' -5>s? "•ZyAM.'J&t /7 tSc^^L^-r LINES OF TRAVEL. 51 gather and discuss the news. It took four months for the news about the battle of Water- loo to reach the Beech Woods." The early post-offices of this county were Montrose or Bridgewater, established in 1808, Isaac Post, postmaster ; Willingborough, 1808, Dr. Eleazer Parker, postmaster; Silver Lake, 1810, R. H. Rose, postmaster; New Milford, 1811 ; Laws- ville, 1814; Springville, 1815. John Buck- ingham, of Montrose, W. R. McLaury, of Cherry Ridge, and Lewis Cornelius, of Milford, and other hotel-keepers run a two-horse stage for a few years prior to 1824. That year the stage business of Northeastern Pennsylvania was revolutionized. Stogden & Stokes were large contractors, and the Horton brothers appear to have been sub-contractors. They contracted to carry the mails in four-horse coaches from Baltimore to Owego, by way of Harrisburg, Sunbury, Wilkes-Barre and Montrose ; and from Philadelphia to Wilkes-Barre, via Easton ; also from New York City to Montrose, by way of Newark and Morristown, in New Jersey, and Milford, in Pennsylvania. In 1826 Daniel Searle came as agent of these contractors, and the following year moved his family here. In 1830, through the assistance of his friend, Judge Mallery, he obtained the contract to carry the mails from Jersey City to Owego. Samuel Dimmick, of Milford, had some con- nection with it part of the time. It was one hundred and forty-nine miles from Jersey City to Montrose, and thirty miles from Montrose to Owego. The route was divided into sections of about fifteen miles each, and one four-horse coach would drive back aud forth in one section each day. It required at least one hundred horses and twenty coaches, besides extra wagons, to run the stages. These coaches held ten passengers each comfortably, but were often crowded with fifteen persons. This route was one of three great thoroughfares to the West, the Newburg route and a route by a road farther north in New York being the other two routes of travel. Mr. Searle received twenty- two thousand dollars per year for carrying the mails, but it was not very profitable, as the Western mail would be so large that at times there would be nearly a two-horse load of mail matter alone. Mr. Searle had more or less to do with carrying the mails for a great many years. Rasselas Searle was agent at Milford a number of years. About 1840 Mr. Randall got the route, and Leonard run it till 1846. Lie afterwards run a stage from Montrose to Great Bend until it was discontinued, when the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad came through New Milford, and a line of stages was established from Montrose to that point. When the Erie road got as far as Middletown the route ceased to pass through New Jersey, but passed up to Port Jervis, thence to Middletown. After the turnpike to Carboudale was completed, the stage-route lay through that city, thence to Houesdale and Narrowsburg, all of which has been discontinued. Leonard Searle run the stage-line from Montrose to New Milford until he died ; then AzurLathrop had charge of it for a number of years. He was succeeded by W. W. Williams', Williams & Son, W. E. 'Wil- liams (now Williams & Pope). Montrose is not a railroad centre, but is a stage route centre for the surrounding country. There are two stages to Alford and return, two to New Mil- ford and return, two to the Narrow Gauge Railroad depot and return ; one daily to Friendsville, via Forest Lake and St. Joseph, returning; through Birchardsville ; one to Rushville, via Fairdale and Rush ; one to Corbettsvilie, New York, via. Franklin Forks, Lawsville and Brookdale ; one to Auburn Centre, via Elk Lake and Auburn Four Corners ; and another overland to Bingham- tou, via Richmond Hill, Sheldon, Silver Lake and Brackney. W'e conclude our account of the early roads and mail-routes with a biographical sketch of Daniel Searle, the most prominent mail contrac- tor that ever lived in Susquehanna County. He also kept the Milford and Owego turnpike in repair a number of years. From 1832 to 1836 he received two thousand dollars for the first year, and twenty dollars per mile thereafter, to keep the road in as good repair as the Cochecton road was kept. Daniel Searle. — The Searle family came to the Wyoming Valley from New England. 52 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Constant Searle (1728-78) was a native of Little Compton, Rhode Island, who fell at the battle of Wyoming, July 3, 1778. His wife, Hannah, (1731-1813), a daughter of Simon and Hannah Miner, was a native of Stonington, Conn., and died at Pittston, Pa. Their children were Constant (1759-1806), born in Little Compton; "William (1751-1817), born in Stonington, and died at Pittston, Pa.; Roger (1762-1813), a native of Preston, Conn., died at Pittston; Elizabeth (1757-1820), born in Stonington, died in Pittston (her husband was Capt. D. Hewitt, who fell at "Wyoming, refusing to sur- render); Sarah, bom in Stonington in 1768, married Jedediah Collins, and died in Ohio, where she removed from Pittston, in 1817 ; and Hannah, born in 1754. At the time of the memorable Wyoming massacre Constant Searle was quite an old man. Followed by his grandson, Miner Searle, he sent the boy back with his sil- ver sleeve buckles, brooch, etc. He was deeply impressed that he would never return, which proved true. He was bald and wore a wig, which was among the trophies the Indians sported with after their victory. His son Roger, then a lad of sixteen, was also in the battle. He fled to the river, and there, with the afterward celebrated Anning Owen and his brother-in- law, Benj. Carpenter, they concealed themselves under some grape-vines until after dark. It was here, while thus concealed, that both Owen and young Searle became deeply convicted, aud both afterwards became active, useful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The sleeve buckles and brooch are still preserved by the decendants of Constant Searle. The children re- turned to Wyoming about 1780. Their farm, which they had before the war at Kingston, being occupied, all except Constant settled at Pittston, and he located at Providence, where he died. The Widow Hewitt subsequently married Ishmael Bennett, who owned a large tract of land below and adjoining the Lackawanna River, at its junc- tion with the Susquehanna, where the Blooms- burg and Lehigh Yalley Railroads intersect and have their depots. She reared a family of nine children, was one of the early Methodists of Pittston, a member of the first class formed in the place, of which her brother Roger was leader, and at their house, the early Methodist preachers found a resting-place. Here Rev. Benj. Bidlack used to hold forth, and on one of these occasions, when he was through, Mr. Bennett stepped up to him and said, "Here, Bidlack, is a dollar I give you, not so much that you are a preacher, but because you are a good old soger." Dollars in those days were very acceptable to the weary itinerants, as well as a good meal of Aunt Lizzie's well-cooked chickens. Roger Searle married Catherine (1767-1849), a daughter of John Scott, of Pittston. He owned and occupied the farm in Pittston where the Ravine Coal-Works now are, and there reared his family. Dying in middle life, the charge of the family devolved on his widow, whose saga- city, industry and prudence were equal to the task. She survived her husband thirty-six years, and continued to reside on the old homestead, where she hospitably entertained her numerous friends. She was a member of the Baptist Church from girlhood, to which she adhered until her death. Their children were John, married Mary, daughter of Henry Stark, of the Plains, where he resided. He was carrying the mail from Wilkes-Barre to Milford as early as 1815. Daniel (1797-1879), married, in 1825, Johannah (1804— 77), also a daughter of Henry Stark ; they lived together fifty-two years, and celebrated their golden wedding with their children and friends. Leonard married Lydia, a daughter of Elder P>avis Dimock, of Montrose. Rasselas married Anna Cross, of Milford, who died, when he married Nettie Tompkins, of Biughamton, and is living at Montrose in 1887. Milton never married and remained on the homestead with his mother. Clarissa became the wife of Joseph Dayton, of Binghamton; Betsey, wife of Solomon Brown, of Pittston ; and Mehetable, wife of Thomas Fell, of Pittston. Of them, three sons — Daniel, Leonard and Rasselas — made Montrose their home, and were early and successfully employed as mail contrac- tors and in the early staging business for a quarter of a century. Daniel Searle, son of Roger and Catherine (Scott) Searle, was born on the old homestead at Pittston, and as early as the age of twenty-two he went to Tennessee, where, with Miller Hor- LINES OF TRAVEL. 53 ton, he engaged in driving stage on the National Pike. He remained there for some six years, and used to relate in after-years many incidents connected with his experiences, among which those relating to some of his distinguished pas- sengers, like Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and the political magnates of their time, who were accustomed to journey by this route through the South on their errands of politics or business. Returning to Pittston, he purchased a farm (Wilson), on which he settled, at the head of the canal near the old forge, and about 1826, with his brother John, who lived on the Plains, began running a line of stages between Wilkes- Barre and Dundaff. In 1827, leaving the stage business with his brother John, he removed to Montrose and assumed the duties of general agent for Stogden & Stokes, of Baltimore, and Reasides & Co., who ran a line of stages from Jersey City to Owego. Upon the expiration of their contract, about 1830, Mr. Searle took the contract (being backed by Judge Mallory, of Philadelphia), and continued the management of this stage route until 1850, when he disposed of his interest to McCormick & Co., of Ithaca, N.Y. For many years, in connection with Jacob Peters, Philadelphia, Miller Horton, Wilkes- Barre, and Augustus Morgan, of Binghamton, he also ran a line of stages from Philadelphia to Utica, crossing the Jersey City and Owego line at Montrose. He had the contract for keeping in repair forty miles of the former, from Tunkhannock to Binghamton, and one hundred miles of the latter, from Milford to Owego. Associated with Hiram Mix, of Towanda, Ells- worth, of New York, and Thompson Peckins, of Bridgwater, he completed large contracts on the Croton Water- Works during their construc- tion, and in building the aqueduct across Har- lem River. He took contracts for many sec- tions of the North Branch Canal, and built the outlet lock at Nanticoke, below Wilkes-Barre. In partnership with Asa Packer and Thompson Peckins, he built a large part of the Lehigh navigation from Easton, on the Delaware, to White Haven, Luzerne County. During the same time he also carried on general mer- cantile business at Montrose for many years, and latterly atCarbondale in partnership with Martin Curtis and his brothers Leonard and Rasselas, under the firm-name of Curtis & Searle ; and a large lumber business in Lathrop township, this county, where he owned one thousand acres of timber-land, until he was succeeded in this latter interest by his son, Roger S. Searle, in 1847. He retained his interest in his father's estate at Pittston and added thereto other real estate, which has proved to be valuable coal lands. A part of the property is leased in per- petuity to Grove Bros., of Danville, Pa., and a part to the Lehigh Valley Coal Company. He was one of the directors of the old Susquehanna County Bank upon its organization, in 1838, was early interested in agriculture and, with David Post, Isaac Post, Wm. Jessup, Henry Drinker, Judge Baker, George Walker and others, organized the Susquehanna Agricultural Society. Politically, he was an Old Line Whig, an admirer of Henry Clay, and a warm friend of Philander Stephens— Congressman at one time from this county — and upon the birth of the Republican party, in 1855—56, he was among the strong men to support its principles and lead its cohorts to victory. He was twice the nominee of the Whig party for legislative honors, but failed of election, once only by sixty and again by two hundred, although the opposition had a majority of fifteen hundred. Mr. Searle was a generous man, and a liberal contributor to all interests of a worthy nature demanding support. Formerly an Episcopalian, in his later years he became a Universalist. For fifteen years before his death he resided at West Pittston, where he owned a residence on River Street, and there he spent the last years of his life, dying at the age of eighty-two years. His life-work left its impress upon all with whom he labored and associated, and the fond recollections of his many virtues will embalm his memory in the hearts of those who knew him best. In social life his genial nature ani- mated any circle in which he moved, and the infirmities of age never took the merry twinkle from his eye or changed his cheerful disposition. His children are Roger S , born in 1826, resides at the foot of Jones' Lake, in Bridgewater town- ship ; Henry S., born in 1829, a merchant at Battle Creek, Mich.; Ellen (1831-67) was a 54 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. teacher and prominent in sanitary and charitable work at Montrose for many years, and died at Pittston ; Johannah, born in 1834, widow of Charles D. Lathrop; Daniel W., born in 1830, a lawyer at Montrose ; Dotha (1838-44) ; Mary Jane, born in 1841, wife of Judge J. B. McCollum, of Montrose; Hetty D. (1845-47); and Clara Maria, bom in 1852, a resident of Brooklyn, X. Y. Leonard Searle was born in Pittston, Luzerne County, Pa., November 7, 1807. His father, Roger Searle, died while he was young, and his mother, while visiting her sister at Chenango Point (now Binghamton) often carried him in her arms as she went on horseback by a forest road that run through Montrose. On one of these occasions she stopped at the old Post Hotel, which he owned years afterwards. The Searles were early engaged in carrying the mails on horseback, as post-boys and afterwards as proprietors. Leonard was post- boy on the route that ran from Montrose to Silver Lake, thence by forest paths through old Lawsville to Great Bend. At fifteen years of age he became the regular post-boy, making weekly trips, and sometimes in the forests between Dr. Rose's and Great Bend he found himself in close proximity to howling wolves. This work had a tendency to develop his character and fit him for stag-ino; on a larger plan in after-years. As a matter of convenience, in connection with the mail and stage business in which the Searle family were engaged, Daniel and Leon- ard came to Montrose in 1827. The former be- came proprietor of the old Post Hotel and the latter clerked for him. This arrangement con- tinued some two years, when the hotel passed into other hands. Leonard engaged in the mercantile business first as partner with Martin Curtis and afterwards as sole owner. He con- tinued the mercantile business about ten years, when he purchased the Post corner and erected a first-class hotel thereon, which he occupied for twenty-four years, keeping the best public-house in the place. In 18b'b' he leased the hotel and purchased the B. S. Bentley place, which became his home during the rest of his life. About 184(1 Leonard became interested in the staging business again and continued to run the stages for a great many years, meeting the Erie Railway at different points as it progressed westward. The route finally extended to Great Bend and at last from Montrose to New Milford. He died in December, 1880, aged seventy-three. He was a man of generous impulses and public- spirited. He made a home for his father-in-law, Elder Davis Dimock, in his last days, and lives in the kind remembrance of his children. He was married, October 23, 1832, to Lydia C. Dimock. Their children were David D., a broker in New York ; Katharine E , wife of Gen. Wm. H. McCartney, a distinguished crim- inal lawyer at Wilkes-Barre ; Josephine, wife of Benj. Stewart Bentley. Esq., of Williamsport ; Hetty, wife of Wm. M. Miller, grocer in Wilkes-Barre. Erie Railway. — In the summer of 1832 a reconnoisance or preliminary examination of the country through which it was proposed to build the road was conducted under the author- itv of the government of the Cnited States, by Colonel De Witt Clinton, Jr., and it resulted in presenting strong inducements for obtaining a complete and accurate instrumental survey. In 1833 one million dollars was subscribed to the capital stock, and the company organized in August of that year by the election of officers and directors. A year passed, during which the company did not receive enough from its stock- holders and others to make a survey, and in 1834 the aid of the State was invoked, and the Legislature passed a bill appropriating fifteen thousand dollars for that purpose. Governor Marcy appointed Benjamin Wright, Esq., to conduct the survey. During the year he and his assistants made a survey of the whole line, four hundred and eighty-three miles, and as the work was done under the authority of the State government, the reports, estimates and maps of Judge Wright were deposited by him with the secretary of the commonwealth. Much had been said in the Legislature and manv of the public prints to discourage the undertaking; but the results of the State survey were so favorable as to dispel all reasonable doubts as to the feasibility of the improvement, and measures were taken to advance the project. LINES OF TRAVEL. 55 Subscriptions were stimulated to so great an ex- tent that the capital stock of the company was increased to the handsome amount of over two million three hundred and sixty-two thousand dollars. After several ineffective efforts had been made, the New York and Lake Erie Railroad Company was incorporated by the Legislature on the 24th of April, 1832, with power " to construct a railroad from the city of New York, or some point near, to Lake Erie, to transport persons and property thereon, and to regulate their own charges for transportation." Up to the time of the incorporation, the question as to whether animal or locomotive power should be used on the contemplated railroad was an open one, vigorously argued pro and con. A road for locomotives, it was commonly conceded, must cost from twelve to fourteen thousand dollars per mile, while one for horses could be built for five or six thousand dollars per mile, and as it was a portion of the latter plan to allow indi- viduals to use their private conveyances upon the road, it was argued that the company would be at no expense for engines, carnages, etc., should that project be adopted. Let the reader imaffine for himself what the Erie Railroad would be as a toll tramway ! By the time that the company was incorporated, however, some- thing approximating to the modern locomotive railroad had been decided upon. In 1836 the entire route was re-surveyed, a portion of the road located and work upon it commenced, but the financial stringeuey which began to be felt in that year, and intensified in the panic of 1837, compelled a suspension of opera- tions until 1838. In that year the Legislature granted to the company, in aid of its con- struction of the road, a loan of the credit of the State for three million dollars. At the session of the Legislature in 1840 the loan bill was further amplified, and this, together with the collections on the stock subscriptions, enabled the company to vigorously prosecute the work. The first portion, a section of forty-six miles, from Piermont to Goshen, was put in operation on the 23d of September, 1841. But the following year complicated embar- rassments, arising from the nature and amount of its indebtedness, made it necessary that the busi- ness of the company should be placed in the hands of assignees, and it was not until May 14, 1845, when the Legislature passed an act releasing the State claim, that the outlook again became pro- pitious. Then the directors entered with a new feeling of confidence upon the work of resusci- tating the project, and presented a plan to the public which placed the work in a position to be successfully completed. In response to their appeal for assistance, the merchants and busi- ness men of New York soon subscribed the sum of three million dollars to the capital stock. Work was recommenced and successive portions of the road were put in operation from time to time. The opening of the main line as far as Binghamton, N. Y., occurred December 27, 1848, and in the spring of 1851 (May 14th), " amid the firing of cannon that reverberated through all of the southern tier of counties, and the shouts of hundreds of thousands of the in- habitants, who lined the road at all stations," the entire route was formally opened to travel and traffic. Two trains of cars passed over the line on that memorable occasion, " bearing the President of the United States, Daniel Webster and a large and noble company of the most dis- tinguished citizens of America as guests of the gratified and justly proud directors of the road, from the Hudson to Lake Erie." ' The company was required to run its original line within the limits of the State, and hence its first outlet on the Hudson at Piermont, the connection between Piermont and New York being by steamers and freight barges. This part of the line is now operated as a branch, while by lease of the Union Railroad, connect- ing the main line with the Paterson and Ramapo and the Paterson and Hudson Rail- roads (September 10, 1852), Jersey City was made the main terminus. In addition to the assignment of 1853, the property passed into the hands of a receiver in 1859, and again in 1875. By the last it was sold under fore- closure, and its name changed from New York and Erie to New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad. 1 Lossiug. HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The Erie Railway follows the Susquehanna River through the northern part of Susque- hanna County a distance of about fifteen miles and has two stations — Susquehanna and Great Bend — within the county. It was not the orig- inal intention of the Erie Company to enter the State of Pennsylvania, but it was found that a better route could be obtained by entering the State at Port Jervis and passing up the west side of the Delaware by Lackawaxen, and again by entering the State by way of Lanes- boro' and Great Bend. There was a route by way of Nineveh which would have been nine miles farther. To determine the matter, three commissioners were appointed by the Governor of New York, who decided that the road should enter the State of Pennsylvania as it now runs, for which privilege the Erie Railway Company annually pay into the treasury of the State of Pennsylvania the sum of ten thousand dollars. The Starrucca viaduct, eighty feet high and twelve hundred feet long, is within Susque- hanna County, built of stone, and is one of the most costly works on the road. James B. Kirkwood was the engineer who had charge of its construction. T. D. Estabrook was superin- tendent for Braton & Gonder, who built five miles of the road, including one and one-half miles of rock cut. The Cascade bridge, one hundred and twenty-five feet high and two hundred feet long, which has since been filled in, is also within the county. It was originally a broad-gauge road, six feet wide, but it has since adopted the regulation gauge — four feet eight and one-half inches in width. The embankment made by filling in the gorge at the Cascade, on the Erie, after doing service for eighteen years, was washed away by a severe storm. " It took three years to fill in this gorge when the trestle was first built. The work was not then made permanent. It lasted, however, until washed away in August. Engineer R. W. Ware, road-master of the Delaware Division, made a calculation, after the disaster, that the gorge could be so filled in as to make the embankment perfectly secure and permanent. Operations were begun under his directions. "A steam-shovel, two trains and about a dozen men were the force employed. Conductor F. Long had charge of the trains, but the entire work was under the supervision of Superintendent Thomas, of the Delaware Division, with Engineer Ware in imme- diate charge. The work progressed rapidly, the great steam-shovel rendering invaluable aid. During the month of September 2094 ears of earth were hauled from the bank to the Cascade, and in October, 4188 cars. In each car were nearly seven yards of earth, making a total of nearly 43,978 yards of earth dumped into the gorge. This amount filled the great cavity, and was a little less than that which Mr. Ware had figured it would take. " This great work has permanently changed the course of the stream that flowed through this ravine, and has made the embankment a fixture. No storm can again wash away the track at that spot. Great walls have been built on the one side so that the stream is forced against solid rocks on the opposite side." The Delaware, Lackawanna axd Wes- tern Railroad was the earliest, and is yet the principal, thoroughfare of steam travel in Susquehanna County. It had a very early incep- tion, and Henry Drinker, a strong and prominent character in the herculean pioneer projects of Northeastern Pennsylvania, was the originator of this great line of traffic which built up the city of Scranton, and in the territory which is the especial province of this volume gave rise to many minor improvements, brought into ex- istence thriving New Milford and other towns, and gave an outlet to New York. The original Drinker family were old Qua- kers prominent in Philadelphia. Soon after the Revolutionary War Henry Drinker, the great-grandfather of Joe, was interested, with Benjamin Rush, George CIvmer, Samuel Mere- dith, Robert Morris and others, in the purchase of Pennsylvania wild lands. This portion of the State was then an entire wilderness, and in 1789-91 Henry Drinker purchased from the State twenty-five thousand acres of land in what are now the counties of Lackawanna, Wayne, Pike and Susquehanna. A great por- tion of this land was on the head-waters of the Lehigh River, in the first-named county, then a part of Luzerne. To open this isolated settlement to the outside world and make the region accessible, Henry built, in 1819, the first turnpike road into the Lackawanna Valley. This he had chartered as the Philadelphia and Great Bend turnpike. It was sixty miles long and extended from Stan- hope, N. J., to Drinker's Beach. It is known LINES OF TKAVEL. 57 as the " Old Drinker road " to this day, and is a landmark in fixing boundary lines. In 1819, also, Drinker became aware of the presence of anthracite coal in the valley, and, although it was then comparatively valueless, efforts to introduce it having, up to that time, met with little success, he believed in its actual importance, and foresaw the advantages of a better communication between the Delaware and Susquehanna Valleys. His idea was a railroad, although there was not one in existence in the world at that time, except the crude English mine tramways. Drinker blazed with an axe a route from the mouth of the Lackawanna, now Pittston, through the unbroken forest, across the lofty Pocono Mountains to the Water Gap, a distance of sixty miles, and satisfied himself that such a scheme as he proposed was feasible. In 1826 he obtained a charter from the Pennsyl- vania Legislature for the Susquehanna Canal and Railroad Company. The commissioners appointed by the act were Henry W. Drinker, William Henry, Jacob D. Stroud, Daniel Stroud, A. E. Brown, S. Stokes, James N. Porter and John Coolbaugh. Drinker's idea was a railroad with incline planes or a canal, horse-power to be used if a railroad, between the planes, and water-power to raise the cars upon the planes. He inter- ested a number of prominent men in his project, and in 1831 a survey of the route was made. The engiueer employed, Major Ephraim Beach, reported that the road could be built for six hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. After considerable work, Henry Drinker induced George and Seldon Scranton, of Ox- ford, N. J., to become partners in the scheme, as- sociating them with the project. After inducing the Morris Canal Company to take one hundred and fifty thousand dollars' worth of stock, a road known as the Lackawanna and Western Rail- road was built from Scranton to Great Bend, by the Scrautons, Drinker dropping out on ac- count of severe losses which he had sustained in opening up the country with roads, and endeav- oring to develop the coal and iron resources so abundant in that region. This was completed in 1851. This was an outlet for coal, formed by grop- ing blindly among the hills in the wrong direc- tion, and apparently diverging towards Great Bend, sixty miles away, before starting for New York. A practical movement was made in the right direction in 1849, when, chiefly through the in- fluence of the Scrantons, a company was char- tered to run a road from the Delaware Water Gap to some point on the Lackawanna, near Cobb's Gap, called " The Delaware and Cobb's Gap Railroad Company." The commissioners named in the act and invested with authority to effect an organization were Moses W. Cool- baugh, S. W. Shoemaker, Thomas Grattan, H. M. La Bar, A. Overfield, I. Place, Benjamin Y. Rush, Alpheus Hollister, Samuel Taylor, F. Starbird, James H. Stroud, R. Bingham and W. Nyce, who met at Stroudsburg, December 26, 1850, and chose Colonel George W. Scranton, a man in whom the people had entire confidence, president of the company. He had been the owner of the original charter of the old Drinker Railroad, and this the company purchased of him for one thousand dollars, in 1853. A joint application was then immediately made by the Delaware and Cobb's Gap Railroad Company, and the Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, for an act of the Legislature con- solidating them, and such an act was passed March 11, 1853. Thus was consummated a union under the present name of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, and a solu- tion of the problem of connecting Scranton and its coal-mines with the New York market was assured. Colonel Scranton was elected as presi- dent of the consolidated company, and long continued by repeated re-elections to hold that responsible office. Measures were immediately adopted to con- struct the road from Scranton to the Delaware River, at a point five miles below the Water Gap. The necessary surveys had been previ- ously made by E. McNeill, chief engineer of the company, who, by indefatigable labor, had pro- cured Crestline and other preliminary surveys, which enabled him to establish a favorable line with easy grades, practicable for a heavy traffic, over the barren heights and perplexing undula- tions of the Pocono. 58 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTS, PENNSYLVANIA. Books were opened for subscriptions to in- crease the capital stock, which had at the time of the consolidation amounted to $1,441,000, and such was the confidence felt in the success of the enterprise, not only by the original stock- holders, but by other capitalists, that the whole sum required, $1,500,000, was obtained in a few days. The contract for the construction of the Southern Division — the original Delaware and Cobb's Gap Railroad — was put under way in June, 1853. As heretofore explained, this sec- tion, sixty-one miles in length, extended from Scranton, through Cobb's Gap, and so on in a general southeasterly direction, through the western part of Luzerne (now Lackawanna) County and across the county of Monroe, through the Delaware Water Gap, to a point on the river five miles below, where it connected with the Warren Railroad of New Jersey. Going by this railroad nineteen miles to New Hampton Summit, and there making connec- tion by the Central Railroad of New Jersey with Jersey City, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company found a market for the product of the extensive coal-fields of which it had become possessed, and a few years later the relations between the Lackawanna Valley and the sea-board were rendered still more intimate by the leasing of the Morris and Essex Railroad. " l Shortly after leaving Nicholson, the road reaches Martin's Creek, finds the summit at New Milford, and goes down Salt Lick to Great Bend, where it joins the New York and Erie. " The Valley Railroad is of great importance to the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Company. It completes their line of three hundred and twenty-five miles from New York to Oswego, leading to the greatest coal markets in the State. The divisions are as follows : Morris and Essex, from New York to Scran- ton, 149 miles; Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, from Scranton to Great Bend, 47 miles ; Valley, from Great Bend to Bingham- ton, 14 miles ; Syracuse and Binghamton, 80 miles ; Oswego and Syracuse, 35 miles. 1 Miss Blackmail's "History." " The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Company formerly paid about four hundred thousand dollars a year for the privilege of running their coal and freight trains over four- teen miles of Erie track. "The Lackawanna and Susquehanna Rail- road is a branch of the Albany and Susque- hanna, connecting with the latter at Nineveh, N. Y., and with the Jefferson Railroad near Starrucca Viaduct, at Lanesboi'o', Susquehanna County. It is twenty-two miles in length. "A charter was obtained at an early day, we believe as early as the year 1828, for a railroad from the Lackawanna Valley to Lanesboro'. Other charters were also obtained at later dates, but nothing was effected toward building a rail- road until Col. C. Freeman, member of Assem- bly from Wayne County, at the session of 1851, secured a charter for the Jefferson Railroad Company, with Earl AVheeler, Charles S. Minor, Francis B. Penniman and Benjamin B. Smith as corporators." This chartered organization was to have the right to build a railroad from any point on the Delaware River in Pike County, by the best route through that county and the county of Wayne, and terminating in the county of Sus- quehanna at the New York State line. An effort to get the Erie Railroad Company to build the whole or a portion of the line failed ; the Jefferson Railroad Company remained prac- tically inert, and nothing was accomplished for more than ten years. The commissioners and the Erie Company, however, both had the pro- posed line surveyed. In 1862-63 the Pennsylvania Coal Company built along the Lackawaxen from Hawley to the Delaware, connecting with the Erie at Lack- awaxen Station, and leased the line to the Erie Company. On March 18, 1863, a supplement to its charter was passed, giving the Jefferson Com- pany the right to build a " branch " — so-called — from the Moosic summit (in Susquehanna County) to Carbondale. Work upon the line was not begun, however, until 1869, though Charles S. Miner, Esq., had in the mean time secured the right of way. The pseudo-branch was finished in 1870 by the Jefferson Company LINES OF TRAVEL. 59 — the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company furnishing the money — and shortly after its completion the line was leased to the Erie, under a lease which is still in effect. About 1864 the Jefferson Company raised capital and issued bonds for building along the line which they had originally contemplated, from Honesdale to Hawley, thus making, with the road built by the Pennsylvania Coal Com- pany, a continuous line from Honesdale to Lackawaxen, and placing the former town in direct connection with the Erie. Members of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, in individual capacity, took much of the stock. Among the people of Honesdale most promi- nently identified with the project at this period and later, were Judge C. P. Waller, Samuel E. Dimmick and Zenas H. Russell. No attempt has ever been made to connect, by an independent line over the Moosic range, the two railroads built under the charter of the Jefferson Company, and it is probable that none ever will be made, for the Delaware and Hud- son Canal Company's Gravity Railroad, from Honesdale to Carbondale, is a suffieient con- necting link. Proposed Railroad Routes out of Montrose.— As early as 1868 the subject of an outlet from Montrose began to be agitated by leading citizens of the borough and county and men influential in railroad circles outside of the county. Judge Asa Packer, then presi- dent of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, proposed to the projectors of a railroad running from Montrose to some point on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, to furnish the equipments for the same, and everything except to pay for the right of way and grading. The matter was informally discussed by Joseph D. Drinker, B. F. Blakslee, Abner Griffis, Azur Lathrop, Samuel H. Sayre, F. B. Chandler, C. M. Gere, George Walker and others, and the routes from Montrose to Meshoppen and also from Mont- rose to New Milford or Great Bend were dis- cussed. The people of Meshoppen objected to the former and opposed the plan ; the latter was partially surveyed, but what seemed to be impassable barriers for a railroad route were met and the survey was abandoned. After feeling the pulse of the people and ascer- taining the amount that could be depended upon by subscription from people at Montrose, along the line of the proposed railroad in the county and others outside of the county, it was decided to survey a route from Montrose to Tunkhannock, build a narrow-gauge road of three feet in width and accept the proposition of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. In accordance with this, the State Legislature was petitioned for a charter of privilege, which was granted at the session of 1869, and Abner Griffis, of Forest Lake, paid the necessary amount, one hundred dollars, at Harrisburg, and, with other delegates, formally received the charter. The capital stock is one million dol- lars — shares of fifty dollars each. Montrose Railway Company. — In pursu- ance of the charter granted by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, incorporating the Montrose Railway Company, a meeting was held at the public school-house in Springville on the 27th day of April, 1871, when the following gentle- men were duly elected : President: James I. Blakslee, 1871-86. Directors : W. H. Cooper, 1871 ; Samuel H. Sayre, 1871-86 ; H. K. Sherman, 1871-86 ; Samuel Stark, 1871-77; C. L. Brown, 1871; C. M. Gere, 1871- 86; S. D. Thomas, 1871-86; G. E. Palen, 1871- 79; W. H. Jessup, 1871; S.Tyler, 1871-86; B. F. Blakslee, 1871-86; Felix Ansart, 1871. The following other gentlemen have also served as directors : Robert Klotz, 1872-86 ; W. J. Mulford, 1872-86 C. D. Gearhart, 1880-86 ; Azur Lathrop, 1872-79 Charles 0. Skeer, 1872-86 ; Paul Billings, 1878-86 J. S. Tarbell, 1880-86. Secretaries : C.L.Brown, 1871-86; J. R. Rayns- ford, 1878-86. Treasurers: W. H. Cooper, 1871-84; Asa P. Blakslee, 1884-86. At the first meeting of the board, held at Springville on May 27, 1871, it was directed that a corps of engineers be at once employed under the supervision of Mr. F. Ansart, Jr., to survey and locate a cheap route for a narrow- gauge railroad extending from Tunkhannock to Montrose. President Blakslee reported at this meeting that the Lehigh Valley Railroad Com- pany had agreed to furnish the rails, ties, spikes 60 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and splices necessary for the superstructure as soon as the grading had been completed and paid for by receipts from stock subscriptions, they agreeing also to receive the payment due them in stock at par. On December 14, 1871, the engineer, Felix Ansart, Jr., reported to the president that he had located, marked and de- termined a route for a railroad from Tunkhan- nock, in the county of "Wyoming, to Montrose, in the county of Susquehanna, the line running from the depot of the Pennsylvania and Xew York Canal and Railroad Company, at Tunk- hannock, to Marcy's Pond, thence along the west bank of the pond to a summit between the waters of Marcy's Pond and the Meshoppen Creek. Crossing the same, it runs in a nearly direct line to the village of Springville, thence by the village of Dimock into the borough of Montrose. The length of the road is '2~Tih miles. The terminus at Montrose is 1045 feet higher than the Tunkhannock terminus. There are six principal summits : The Marcy's Pond Summit, Lemon, Springville, AYoodbourne, Decker and Montrose. The average ascending grade per mile to the first summit is ninety-three feet, the heaviest ninety-five feet and the lightest eighty-six feet. The average descending grade from Lemon Summit to Meshoppen Creek is forty feet per mile, the heaviest seventy-three feet, and the lightest sixteen feet. The average ascending grade from Meshoppen Creek to the Springville Summit is eighty -five feet, the heaviest ninety- five feet and the lightest seventy-six feet. From Springville Summit the grade for one mile is level ; from this level grade to AYoodbourne Summit, nineteen and one-half miles from Tunk- hannock, the average ascending grade is seven- tv-one feet per mile, the heaviest eighty-eight feet and the lightest sixty-nine feet. From AYoodbourne Summit to Decker Summit there is no ascending grade exceeding eighty-five feet per mile, and no descending grade exceeding sixtv-three feet per mile. From Decker Sum- mit to Montrose there is no ascending grade ex- ceeding eighty feet per mile and no descending grade exceeding sixty-three feet per mile. There are two eighteen-degree curves having a radius of three hundred and twenty feet ; with this exception, the maximum curve is sixteen de- grees. The contract for grading the Montrose Rail- way road-bed was taken by Colonel Perry Marcy, of Tunkhannock, to be built ready for the track for 8101,000, and to be completed August 1, 1*72 ; but during that year the -road was only completed from Tunkhannock to Springville and cars run on it, a distance of fourteen miles. By the middle of May, 1873, passenger and baggage cars commenced running regularly be- tween Tunkhannock and Hunter's, and the road was graded as far as Jessup's or the Brooklyn road. This near approach of the railroad to Montrose reduced the price of coal two dollars per ton, notwithstanding the price of coal at the i mines was one dollar per ton higher than when ! the building of the road was begun. At the meeting of the board of directors, January 11, 1875, President Blakslee reported the road-bed I completed, the track laid through to the borough j limits of Montrose, and that regular trains had j been running over the entire road since June 1, ! 1874. He also reported that the subscriptions | for stock were 6277 shares, amounting to 8313,- 850, of which 5689 shares had been paid in I full, and -86584 had been paid on the balance, j leaving still unpaid 822,816 ; and that if this ' balance due on stock was paid in, it would place | the road out of debt. Many of the stockholders | having failed to pay their subscriptions, a com- j mittee was appointed at the meeting of the board in January, 1874. to solicit 820.000 ad- ditional subscriptions to the stock of the com- pany. At the close of the year 1873 the equip- ment of the road consisted of two fifteen-ton lo- comotives, built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works ; two passenger, one baggage, three box, | two flat, and eight gondola cars. T. G. AYal- ; ters, who had the contract for laying the track ; of the road, up to this time had acted as con- - ductor, freight agent, road-master and superin- I tendent, while the engineer, fm. Luckenbill, | had also acted as master mechanic, both of xchich j gentlemen have continued as employes of the road j up to this time, 1886. The receipts for carrying passengers on this I road in 1874 were 89560.16 ; for freight, 813,- ERECTION OF COUNTY. 61 301.60; total receipts, $24,838.56. Total ex- penses for the same year, $14,657.34. For the twelve months ending November 30, 1885, the receipts for passenger transportation were $6999.23; for freight, $18,398.88 ; total receipts, $27,778.53. Total expenses for the same year, $20,832.50. The general balance- sheet at the last-mentioned date shows as fol- lows : Construction account $332,741.18 Equipment 41,308.13 Lehigh Valley R. R. Co., due on special account 1,249.43 W. H. Cooper estate 1,276.10 CD. Gearhart 29.03 Cash 7,193.25 $383,797.12 Capital stock $304,900.00 Funded debts 15,000.00 Capital stock (part paid) 2,527.21 Profit and loss 61,369.91 $383,797.12 CHAPTER VIII. ERECTION OF COUNTY. Erection of Susquehanna County — Erection of Townships and Charter- ing of Boroughs — Census— Civil List. County Organization. — The provincial government erected the county of Northumber- land March 21, 1772, from Lancaster, Cumber- land, Berks, Northampton and Bedford, taking in an immense stretch of territory. x The southern line ran from the Mohontongo, on the western side of the Susquehanna, through Sny- der, Mifflin, Centre, Huntingdon, Blair, Clear- field, Elk, Cameron and McKean Counties, to. the New York line; thence eastward to near the eastern line of Susquehanna County ; thence southward to Lehigh, and thence along or near the present lines of Luzerne, Columbia, Monroe, Carbon, Schuylkill and Dauphin to the begin- ning. The act of September 30, 1779, cur- tailed the limits of Northumberland on the Juniata, and added a much larger area on the 1 Hon. J. Simpson Africa's Address, page 7. northwest. September ■ 25, 1786, Luzerne County was erected from Northumberland, and so named in honor of Chevalier De la Luzerne, Minister of France to the United States during the Revolutionary struggle. By act of the Legislature, February 21, 1810, Susquehanna County was set off from Luzerne ; Ontario (now Bradford) was erected under the same act from Luzerne and Lycoming. The act pro- vided that the line should run " from the forti- eth mile-stone standing on the north line of the State to a point due east of the head of Wya- lusing Falls, in the Susquehanna ; thence due east to the western line of Wayne County ; thence northerly along the said western line of Wayne County to the aforesaid north line of the State (at the sixth mile-stone, counting from the Delaware River westward), and thence along the said State line to the fortieth mile- stone, the place of beginning." The dividing line between Wayne and Susquehanna was sur- veyed by H. L. Stephens, on the part of Wayne, and J. W. Chapman and C. M. Gere, on the part of Susquehanna, in 1870. They found that the line between the counties struck the State line one hundred and twenty perches west of the sixth mile-stone; hence Susquehanna County extends from one hundred and twenty perches west of the sixth on the New York State line to the fortieth mile-stone, and is thirty-three and five-eighths miles in length by about twenty-four and one-half miles average width ; the east line being twenty-four and three-quarters miles precisely, and the west about twenty-four and one-quarter; the true polar course of the east line north two and one- quarter degrees west, and the north line due west, embracing an area of about eight hundred and twenty-four square miles. "The county derives its name from the fact that the Susquehanna River first enters the State of Penn- sylvania within its limits. The county is fortunate in having the sweet-sounding Indian name retained for constant local use. 'Hanna' signifies a stream of water, and 'Susque' is generally believed to mean crooked, though one writer gives its signification as muddy, for which there is no justification in point of fact; and the Indians gave no arbitrary names. A more winding, crooked stream than the Susquehanna, as to general course, is not to be found in the North- HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ern States; in this county it varies directly three times. In the grand sweep of the river, from Lanes- boro' to Pittston, it completely drains the county, every stream within its borders eventually falling into it. When the north line of the State was deter- mined, in 1786, it was found to cross twelve streams running south, and nine running north between the sixth and fortieth mile-stones from the Delaware River — the limits of the north line of Susquehanna County. Prominent among these were the 'Appela- cunck,' 'Chucknut,' and 'Snake Creeks.' (See 'Penn- sylvania Archives,' No. 29.) "Running north into the Susquehanna, but not crossing the State line, there are, besides minor streams, Wylie Creek, the Salt Lick, Mitchell's, Drinker's, the Canawacta, and Starrucca; though the latter and Cascade Creek may rather be said to enter the river from the east." Tioga township, in old Northumberland, ex- tended from the western line of Bucks (now "Wayne) County to Big Meadows, in Tioga County, and was eighteen miles in depth from the State line. In 1790 that portion of Lu- zerne County now constituting the county of Susquehanna, was in two townships, Tioga and Wyalusing. By order of the justices of Lu- zerne, Tioga was bounded on the north by the State line, and east and west by the lines of that county, and on the south by an east and west line which should strike the standing stone. "Wyal using was bounded on the north by Tioga township, on the east and west by lines of the county, and on the south by the east and west line passing through the mouth of the Meshop- pen Creek. In March, 1791, the court of Luzerne or- dered the erection of the township of Willing- borough from the northeast corner of Tioga, but its boundaries were not defined until April, 1793, when the bounds were defined as follows: " From the twenty-first mile stone on the north line of the State, south six miles ; thence east until it shall intersect the line to be run between Luzerne and Northampton Counties ; thence north to the State line ; thence west to the place of beginning." This made a township six miles north and south by fifteen miles east and west, but the early pioneers had very little knowledge of township boundaries, and Willingborough included the settlers in the northeastern quarter of the county. August, 1795, Nicholson, so named from John Nicholson, comptroller of the State, was erected from parts of Tioga and Wyalusing, with the following boundaries : "Beginning at the place where the north line of the township of Tunkhannock crosses a small creek west of Martin's Creek; running thence due north thirteen miles; thence east to the east line of the county; thence south on the county line to the place where it shall intersect the north line of Tunkhan- nock township; thence west on said line to place of beginning." "In January, 1797, the court approved, but not 'finally' until January, 1798, the petition of Ephraim Kirby, and others, for the erection of the township of Lawsville. (See Franklin.) "In 1799 Braintrim was set off from Wyalus- ing and Tunkhannock ; the portion taken from the former by Susquehanna County retains nearly its original dimensions in the present town of Auburn. "January, 1801, Ezekiel Hyde, Justus Gray- lord and M. Miner York were appointed com- missioners to set off the township of Rush, and in November of the same year their report was accepted. The township was eighteen miles north and south by thirteen miles east and west, except that on the south line it extended five miles farther, this extension being five miles square. The whole comprised 172,660 acres. "Though the township mentioned did not ab- sorb the two townships of 1790, the latter are not again mentioned in this section on the Lu- zerne records. Practically, the line of Willing- borough extended to Nicholson on the south, and both, to Rindaw (district) on the west. "In 1805 the court was petitioned to erect the townships of Clifford, Bridgewater and New Milford. The first-named was approved ' finally' in April, 1806, the second in November fol- lowing, and the last in August, 1807. The northeast corner of Clifford was then twelve miles below the State line, being also what was the northeast corner of old Nicholson, and its area was one hundred and eight square miles. The eastern limit of New Milford, like that of Clifford, was the line of Wayne County. Bridge- water extended north and south about twenty- five miles. "At August sessions, 1807, a petition from the 'Nine Partners' was promptly considered, and ERECTION OF COUNTY. 63 Harford was granted January, 1808. For eleven years the inhabitants had desired town- ship organization, but two or three previous petitions had failed to secure the result." In 1809 Harmony was organized, the last township ordered by the court of Luzerne in the section constituting Susquehanna County. It formed the northeast corner of the latter, as it had of the former, extending from the State line twelve miles south, and from Wayne County nine miles west. The original ten townships when the county was organized were Willing- borough, now Great Bend ; Nicholson, since August, 1813, Lenox; Lawsville, embracing Liberty and a greater part of Franklin ; Brain- trim, now Auburn; Rush, embracing, besides its present limits, Middletown, Choconut, Apo- lacon and the western parts of Jessup and Forest Lake ; Clifford, embracing, besides its present limits, Gibson, Herrick and the south- ern part of Ararat; Bridgewater, embracing, besides its present territory, all of Brooklyn, Lathrop, Springville, Dimock, Silver Lake, the eastern parts of Jessup, Forest Lake and the south part of Franklin; New Milford; Harford, long known as Nine Partners; and Harmony, embracing Oakland, Jackson, Thomson and the northern part of Ararat. After the county was organized, Silver Lake and Gibson were erected in 1813, and Nicholson was named Lenox that year. In 1814 Rush was reduced to its present limits, and Choconut and Middle- town were erected therefrom. Springville was also erected that year, likewise Waterford, called Hopbottom, in 1823, and Brooklyn in 1825. Jackson was erected in 1815; Herrick, 1825; Dimock, 1832; Thomson, 1833; Franklin, 1835; Forest Lake, 1836; Lathrop, Jessup and Apolacon, 1846 ; Ararat, 1852 ; Oakland, 1853; Lawsville became Liberty in 1836. Boroughs. — Montrose, incorporated 1824 ; Dundaff, 1828 ; Friendsville, 1848 ; Susquehanna Depot, 1853; New Milford, 1859; Great Bend, 1861; Little Meadows, 1862; Thomson, 1876; Hallstead (formerly Great Bend Village Bor- ough), 1874; Hopbottom, 1881 ; Oakland, 1883; Uniondale, 1885. Early in 1808 a division of Luzerne County was contemplated, and a public meeting to favor the object was held July 13th, at the house of Edward Fuller, in Bridgewater, about four miles below Montrose — Asa Lathrop presiding, and J. W. Raynsford acting as secretary. Owing to a disagreement as to county lines, it was pro- posed that all the townships should send dele- gates to a meeting to be held at the house of Salmon Bosworth, in Rush, September 1st fol- lowing, and then endeavor to decide the matter ; but it was not until a year and a half later that the act of Legislature was passed which erected Susquehanna County, and it was two years more before the county was fully organized with officers arid courts of her own. In 1811 all moneys in the county district of Susquehanna were, by act of Legislature, to be kept separate from those of Luzerne, and within the bounds of that district. February 25, 1812, a meeting was held at the house of Isaac Post, in Bridgewater, to recommend proper persons to the Governor to fill the several offices necessary to the organization of Susquehanna County- Davis Dimock, chairman, and J. W. Raynsford, secretary. The citizens of each township were recommended to nominate officers at their annual town-meeting in March, 1812, and make re- turns the Monday following at the house of I. Post. Previous to the erection of Susquehanna County, Luzerne was divided into twelve elec- tion districts, of which Willingboro', Lawsville and Nicholson constituted the tenth, and Rush, or Rindaw, the ninth. In 1810 Bridgewater contained 1418 inhabitants, Clifford, 675; Har- ford, 477 ; Willingboro' and Harmony, 413 : New Milford, 174; and Lawsville, 169. In 1812 proclamation for elections were issued from Luzerne to Susquehanna County District; but the Legislature had decreed that " after the second Tuesday of October, 1812, Susquehanna shall enjoy and exercise in judicial matters, all powers and privileges, etc." The new county was included with Wayne, Tioga and Bradford, in the Eleventh Judicial District. Isaac Post was appointed treasurer, Edward Fuller, sheriff: Dr. Charles Fraser, prothonotary and clerk of the several courts, register and recorder ; Hon. J. B. Gibson, president judge; Davis Dimock and William Thomson, associate judges. At 61 HISTORY" OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the time of organization Thos. Parke, of Bridge- water, was commissioner of Luzerne, but he resigned ; Bartlett Hinds, Laban Capron and Isaac Brownson were appointed commissioners for the new county. Governor Simon Snyder also commissioned Asahel Avery justice of the peace for Willingboro' in 1812, Isaac Brown- son for Rush, Joshua W. Raynsford, for Bridgewater, Laban Capron for Harford — all appointed March 28, 1812, for life, or during good behavior. In 1813 Asa Dirnock was ap- pointed for Clifford ; Charles Dimon, Willing- boro'; Zenas Bliss, Bridgewater ; Jabez Tyler, Willingboro'; Rufus Lines, Lawsville ; Hosea Tiffany, Harford. In 1815, David Post, Bridgewater and Springville ; 1817, Edward Paine, Harford ; Samuel A. Brown, Bridge- water and Springville. ' " The county -seat was located at Montrose as early as July, 1811, by three commissioners appointed by the Governor. They were permitted to locate it at a distance not exceeding seven miles from the centre of the county. Stakes were set at several places pro- posed — one in Brooklyn, one in Harford, and one in New Milford. But, in addition to a greater political influence existing, a stronger pecuniary interest was brought to bear for its location in Montrose. Dr. R. H. Rose, whose extensive tracts of land reached this vicinity, made more liberal offers to secure this loca- tion than any that could be made elsewhere. Besides a gift of a public square at this point for the erection of the county buildings, as also of other lots, was made by Bartlett Hinds and Isaac Post." The land given by Bartlett Hinds had been granted by the commonwealth to Thos. Cad- wallader, who by deed conveyed it to Samuel Meredith, who by deed conveyed it to George Clymer, who by deed, October 19, 1804, con- veyed it to Bartlett Hinds. Another portion was granted by the commonwealth to Jos. Bul- lock and Isaac Franks, who by deed conveyed it to Tench Francis, whose widow, by her attor- ney, conveyed the same to Bartlett Hinds, July 9, 1804. The land given by Isaac Post (con- sideration $1.00) was first granted to the same parties as the portion last-mentioned, who by their deeds conveyed it to Tench Francis, who by his last will and testament, April 4, 1800, devised his estate to his widow, Anne Francis, who by deed, February 18, 1809, granted the land to Robert H. |Rose, which sale was con- firmed to the said Robert H. Rose, by deed, February 25, 1809, from Richard Peun (her at- torney), and on the 5th of October of the same year was conveyed by him to Isaac Post. July 24, 1812, the aforesaid lands were deeded to Susquehanna County by Isaac and Susannah Post and Bartlett and Agnes Hinds ; and, on the 31st of the same month, the conveyance was acknowledged as a free act and deed, before J. W. Raynsford, justice of the peace. Soon after the organization of the Board of Commissioners, Isaac Post, the treasurer, was charged with the subscription papers of dona- tions made towards building the court-house, etc. It will be seen by the following list of subscribers, with the sums given by each, that the amounts were graduated somewhat by the nearness of their property to the new county- seat, as well as by the length of their purses : Robert H. Rose, whose lands reached near the vil- lage, gave $200 ; Stephen Wilson, whose farm was a little south of it, gave $100 ; Abinoam Hinds, Conrad Hinds and Isaac Peckins gave each S.50 ; David Har- ris, Jonathan Wheaton and James Trane gave each $25 ; Simeon Tyler, Cyrus Messenger, Samuel Quick, Joseph Hubbard and Samuel Coggswell gave each S20 ; Joseph Chapman, Edward Puller, Jos. Butterfield, Henry Post, Levi Leonard, John Bard, Zebulon Deans, Edmond Stone gave each S10 ; Freeman Fish- back, Thos. Scott and Samuel Scott gave each $5 ; Bartlett Hinds, Isaac and David Post, on whose lands the county-seat was located, gave a number of village lots. The first court was held in Isaac Post's tav- ern, and the basement of Keeler's hotel was the first jail. Commissioners Butler, Sutton and Dorrance, of Wyoming Aalley, fixed the loca- tion for the court-house. The corner-stone of the first court-house was laid in 1812, but the building was not erected until June, 1813. It was built by Oliver C. Smith, at a cost of $4500. Besides the court-room, in the second story, the jail and jailor's residence were in the first story, and the comer rooms in front, above and below, were made to accommodate all the county offices. A small stone fire-proof building was erected in 1818 by Daniel Lyon, at a cost of $2562.60 in the rear of the court-house, to keep the county records in. The first telegraph office at Mon- trose was in the attic of this building. In w G GO D C M > > o o a H Kl O O C V H o c GO M M 33 M O H M O CO .01 ERECTION OF COUNTY. 65 1853 a jail was erected by Boyd & Smith, at a cost of $5768.34. It is now used for an engine- house. The present court-house was built in 1854-55. The contract cost of the building was $18,500; architect, $320 ; furniture, including bell, $1425,- 70; total, $20,245.70. The ground dimensions, including stylobate, are fifty-four by eighty-two feet. The county offices are on the first floor, the court-room on the second floor and jury- rooms on the third floor. The contract was made between John Hancock, Amos Williams and Amherst Carpenter, commissioners, and Levi B. Guernsey, Wm. L. Post, I. L. Post, W. H. Boyd and Avery Frink, contractors. In 1870 repairs were made on the new court-house amounting to $3025.09. In 1883 an addition was built on the rear end of the court-house, twenty-six by fifty-five feet, containing rooms for the janitor, chambers for the judge, waiting- rooms and a law library room. There is a cellar under the entire building, which is heated by steam. Boyd, Corwin & Cooley built the an- nex for $6500. The town clock was purchased by the citizens of Montrose and placed in the cupola of the court-house, Where to the North and the South, to the East and West, It points with its hands to the minutes as they fly ; While, with slow-measured stroke, it wakes a sad unre?t, To hear its midnight toll on the winds as they sigh. The new jail was erected in 1867-68 by Avery Frink at a cost of $34,707.07. The stones of which it is built were mostly quarried from the immediate vicinity. The following is the list of collectors, with the amount of their duplicates, in the year 1813 : Bridgewater, Jonah Brewster, $1265 04 Clifford, Walter Lyon, 442 22 Hush, Philo Boat wick, 418 37 Harford, David Aldricb, 273 71 Willingboro' (Gt. Bend), Silas Buck, 220 61 New Milford, Benjamin Hayden, 194 99 Lawsville, Titus Smith, 151 80 Harmony, Isaac Hale, 71 22 Braintrim (Auburn), William Cooley, 58 77 Nicholson (Lenox), Solomon Millard, 57 27 83154 00 The following statement from the county commissioners' clerk for the year 1886 will show the increase in the aggregate wealth of the 5 county, — the aggregate amount of real and per- sonal property taxable for county purposes as returned by the assessors in the year 1886 (real estate valued at about one-fourth its real value), taxable for both county and State purposes, real and personal and money at interest. The light additional assessment in June, when voters are registered, is not included. money at interest Real and Personal. for 1886. Taxable for Connty Taxable for St te purposes for 1886. purposes. Apolacon, 860,885 00 $6,331 00 Ararat, 49,600 00 14 878 00 Auburn, 223,521 00 27,586 00 Bridgewater, 233,976 00 43,583 00 Brooklyn, 136,551 00 124,306 00 Choconut 66,307 U0 9,292 00 Clifford, 163,272 00 54,986 00 Dimock 129,412 CO 116,178 00 Dundaff Borough 17,320 00 2,790 00 Forest Lake 112,018 00 30,704 00 Franklin 107,481 00 20,784 00 Friendsville Borough 17,361 00 13,415 00 Gibson 173,134 00 100,504 00 Great Bend Township, 118,159 00 30,845 00 Great Bend Borough, 59,805 00 84,31100 Hallstead Borough, 43,265 00 14,994 00 Harford 142,721 00 77,217 00 Harmony 124,094 00 92,718 00 Hemes' 83,311 00 15,036 00 Hophottom Borough 20,856 00 26,768 00 Jackson, 128,650 00 28,588 00 Jessup, 81,908 00 27,023 00 Lathrop, 70,528 00 28,128 00 Lenox, 143,106 00 39,108 00 Liberty 96,100 00 28,547 00 , Little Meadows Borough 18,970 00 6,118 00 Middletown, 81,052 00 22,792 00 Montrose Borough, 212,963 00 335,186 00 New Milford Township, 192,000 00 31,033 00 New Milford Borough, 89,945 00 80,903 00 Oakland Township, 50,224 00 8,533 00 Oakland Borough, 27,117 00 6,947 00 Rush, 118,386 00 31,494 00 Silver Lake, 103,529 00 21,21100 Springville 138,328 00 36,721 00 Susquehanna Depot Borough, 180,530 00 61,649 00 Thomson Township 51,183 00 15,187 00 Thomson Borough, 13,935 00 32,690 00 Uniondale Borough, 26,915 00 15,64150 $3,908,418 00 $1,764,725 00 E. G. Ball, County Commissioners' Clerk. The Census. — In 1810 Susquehanna County, although erected by act of Legislature, was still officially connected with Luzerne ; and the population of several of the townships included those of both counties, as Nicholson, Clifford, Braintrim, Rush and Bridgewater. The last- named, however, was almost entirely above the line of division, and its population 1418 ; that of Willingborough, 351 ; Harmony, 80 ; Laws- ville, 169; New Milford, 178. The census was taken by Isaac A. Chapman. 66 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. POPULATION IN 1820. (Taken by Bei,a Jones.) Mules. Auburn 113 Bridgewater , 1027 Choconut, 257 Clifford, 349 GibBon, 455 Great Bend, 289 Harford, 321 Harmony, 80 Jackson, 128 Laweville 229 Lenox, 110 Middletown, 276 New Milford, 324 Rush 134 Silver Lake, 258 Springville, 385 . "Waterford, 401 Total whites, 5145 4760 9908 Total blacks, 51 Total number inhabitants, 9958 Of the above there were the following classifications : Farmers, 1864 ; mechanics, 261 ; merchants, 23 ; foreigners not naturalized, 309. There were in the county : Sheep, 12,259 ; horses, 857 ; oxen, 1358 ; cows, 2586; grist-mills, 29; saw-mills, 62; fulling-mills, 7; carding machines, 8 ; tanneries, 5 ; grain distilleries, 12. There was manufactured in the county during the year ending August 1, 1820: Of woolen cloth, 37,797 yardB ; of linen cloth, 52,762 yards. There was in the county (1820): Ot improved lands, 33,780 acres; of unimproved lands, 171.831 acres; of unseated lands, 224,935 acres. Total acres in county, 430,546 acres. The valuation of taxable property, as collected from assessment rolls of 1821, amounted to 31,007,698. Number of taxables, 1821, 2061. emalcs. Total 93 206 936 1983 249 506 3:12 681 465 910 236 625 319 640 93 173 137 265 237 406 1114 214 253 531 286 610 108 * 242 198 456 326 711 378 779 2082 1474 952 1068 998 304 606 1830. 1840. Auburn 516 1113 Apolacon, Bridgewater 2440 Brooklyn, 1350 Choconut 782 Clifford 866 Dimock,... Dundaff, 298 Forest Lake Friend8ville, Franklin, 515 Gibson 1081 1219 Great Bend 797 859 Harford 999 1179 Harmony 341 523 Herrick, 468 629 Jackson 641 754 Jesaup Lathrop, Lawsville 878 Lenox, 546 Liberty, Middletown, 683 Montrose, 415 New Milford, 1000 Bush, 643 Silver Luke, 516 Springville, 1514 Thomson, Totals, 16,782 1860. 1870. Apolacon, 910 528 Ararat 600 771 Auburn 2164 2006 Bridgewater, 1785 1459 Brooklyn 1213 1128 Choconut, 1068 939 Clifford 1624 1532 800 554 589 632 1148 1039 907 1)211 I860. 1837 748 1548 1082 894 1647 1056 296 780 185 703 1450 1150 1258 1578 824 978 840 610 1443 833 1140 917 1433 1159 1213 1148 509 21,195 29,168 1880. 539 639 2089 1517 1100 537 1454 Dimock, 1181 1>24 1071 Dundaff, 245 187 171 Forest Lake 1125 995 990 Franklin, 805 849 815 Friendoville 202 223 176 Gibson, 1439 1308 1350 Great Bend Borough, 855 1136 Great Bend Township, 1976 1431 1301 Hallstead, 646 Harford, 1441 1595 1505 Harmony, 1072 1212 1924 Herrick, 904 950 1104 Jackson, 1121 1175 1095 Jessup 867 804 762 Lathrop 876 983 1054 Lenox, 1791 1751 1730 Liberty, 995 1M30 1108 Little Meadows, 159 Middletown, 923 871 833 Montrose, 1268 1463 1722 New Milford Borough, 414 600 803 New Milford Township 1515 1647 1465 Oakland Township, 522 1106 1415 Rush, 1471 1418 1357 Silver Lake 1313 1079 1105 Springville 1346 1424 1410 Susquehanna, 208J 2729 3407 Thomson Borough 249 Thomson Township, 558 701 656 Totals 36,714 37,933 40,354 The Civil List. — The following are the chief officers of Susquehanna County, including members of Congress and members of the Legis- lature, who represented Susquehanna County, although not always residents therein. The judges and district attorneys will appear in the Bench and Bar chapter. Members of Congress. 1 — 1812, Isaac Smith, Jared Irwin, for Northumberland, Union, Columbia, Luzerne and Susquehanna; 1814, David Scott, Wm. Wilson, for Northumberland, Union, Columbia, Luzerne and Susquehanna; 1816, David Scott, Wm. Wilson, for Northumberland, Union, Columbia, Luzerne and Susquehanna; 1817, J. Murray (in place of Scott, resigned), for Northumberland, Union, Columbia, Luzerne and Susquehanna; 1818, J. Murray, Geo. Denison, for Northumberland, Union, Columbia, Lu- zerne and Susquehanna; 1820, W. C. Ellis, Geo. Denison, for Northumberland, Union, Columbia, Lu- zerne and Susquehanna ; 1822-24-26, Samuel McKean, George Kremer, Espy Van Horn, for Luzerne, Sus- quehanna, Bradford, Tioga, Northumberland, Colum- bia, Union, Lycoming, Potter, McKean ; 1828, Phil- ander Stephens, Alem Marr, James Ford; 1830, Phil- ander Stephens, Lewis Dewatt, James Ford; 1832-34, John Laporte, for Susquehanna, Bradford, Tioga, Potter, McKean ; 1836-38, Sam'l W. Morris, for Sus- quehanna, Bradford, Tioga, Potter, McKean ; 1840, Davis Dimock, Jr., died January, 1842 ; 1842, Almon H. Read, elected in March, for Susquehanna, Bradford, Tioga, Potter, McKean ; 1842, Almon H. Read (died), 1 Those in itaXics are from Susquehanna County. ERECTION OF COUNTY. 67 for Susquehanna, Bradford, Tioga; 1844, G. Fuller, elected to fill vacancy, for Susquehanna, Bradford, Tioga ; 1844, D. Wilmot, for Twenty-ninth Congress, for Susquehanna, Bradford, Tioga; 1846-48, D. Wilmot, re-elected, for Susquehanna, Bradford and Tioga; 1850-52-54-56-58-60, Galusha A. Grow, for Susque- hanna, Bradford, Tioga; 1862-64-66, Charles Deni- son, for Susquehanna and Luzerne ; 1868, Geo. W. Woodward, for Susquehanna and Luzerne; 1870, L. D: Shoemaker, for Susquehanna and Luzerne; 1872, L. D. Shoemaker, for Susquehanna and Luzerne. In 1874 Joseph Powell represented the Fifteenth Con- gressional District, composed of Bradford, Susque- hanna, Wayne and Wyoming ; 1876-78, Edward Overton, Jr.; 1880, C. C. Jadwin ; 1882, George A. Post; 1884-86, F. C. Bunnell. State Senators. — The following is a list of State Senators representing the district of which Susquehanna County has been a part. New apportionments are supposed to be made every ten years, after taking the census. These appor- tionments should be made from territory as nearly contiguous as possible, but the political necessities of the party which happens to be in the majority at the time the apportionment is made is usually the controlling principle which governs in arranging the districts. From 1812 until 1822 Northumberland, Union, Columbia, Luzerne and Susquehanna formed a senatorial district. The following are the persons who represented the district during that time : 1812, William Ross; 1814, Thomas Murray, Jr.; 1816, Charles Fraser; 1818, Simon Snyder; 1819, Robert Willet; 1820, Redmond Conyngham; 1822, Jonah Brewster represented the district, which was composed of the counties of Susquehanna, Bradford and Wyoming; 1825, John Ryon; 1829, Samuel McKean; 1830, Reuben Wilber; 1833, Almon H. Read; 1837, Elihu Case represented Susquehanna and Bradford, and in 1841 Asa Dimock represented the same; in 1844, William H. Dimmick represented Susquehanna, Wayne and Wyoming ; in 1847, F. B. Streeter represented the same; in 1850, George San- derson represented Susquehanna, Bradford and Wyom- ing; in 1853, Wm. M. Piatt; in 1856, E. Reed Myer; 1859, George Landon; 1862, William J. Turrell; 1865, George Landon; 1868, P. M. Osterhout ; 1871, L. F. Fitch ; 1874, W. W. Watson. After the new Constitution went into effect Susquehanna and Wayne were placed together, and constitute the Twenty-sixth Senatorial Dis- trict. The term was lengthened from three years to four years. Under the arrangement the even- numbered districts were to elect their first Sena- tor for two years, and for four years thereafter. In 1876 Eugene B. Hawley was elected for two years ; 1878, William M. Nelson was elected for four years ; 1882, William M. Nelson ; 1 886, Orrin A. Lines. Of these Senators, Charles Frazer, Jonah Brewster, Almon H. Read, Asa Dimock, F. B. Streeter, William J. Turrell, L. F. Fitch, W. W. Watson, Eugene B. Hawley and Orrin A. Lines were from Susquehanna County. State Representatives. — Representatives to the State Legislature were elected for one year, and the Legislature met annually, until the new constitution went into effect, in 1874, since which time Representatives have been elected for two years, and the sessions are biennial. Luzerne and Susquehanna were together from 1812 until 1829, then Susquehanna was alone until 1843, after which Wyoming was added until 1850, after which Sullivan was added until 1857, when Susquehanna was alone again until 1864, then Susquehanna and Wyoming were together until 1874, when Susquehanna alone was entitled to two representatives. 1812, Chas. Miner, Benj. Dorrance, for Luzerne and Susquehanna; 1813, Jabez Hyde, Jr., 1 Joseph Pruner; 1814, Putnam Catlin, Benj. Dorrance ; 1815, Redmond Conyngham, Benj. Dorrance; 1816, Jonah Brewster, Geo. Denison ; 1817, Jonah Brewster, James Reeder ; 1818, Jonah Brewster, James Reeder; 1819, Jonah Brewster, Benj. Dorrance; 1820, Cornelius Cartright, Benj. Dorrance ; 1821, Jabez Hyde, Jr., Andrew Beau- mont; 1822, Jabez Hyde, Jr., Andrew Beaumont, Jacob Drumheller; 1823, Jabez Hyde, Jr., Elijah Shoe- maker, Jacob Drumheller; 1824, Philander Stephens, G. M. Hollenback, Jacob Drumheller; 1825, Philander Stephens, G. M. Hollenbeck, Samuel H. Thomas; 1826, Philander Stephens, Garrick Mallery, Samuel H. Thomas ; 1827, Almon H. Read, Garrick Mallery, George Denison; 1828, Isaac Post, Garrick Mallery, George Denison ; 1829, Almon H. Bead, Susquehanna alone; 1833, Beta Jones; 1834, Joseph Williams; 1835, Bela Jones; 1836-37, Asa Dimock; 1838-39, Charles Chandler, Jr.; 1840, Franklin Busk; 1841, Dr. Caloin Leet; 1842, Franklin N. Avery; 1843-44, Lewis Brush, Thomas Morley, for Susquehanna and Wyoming ; 1845-46, David Thomas, Schuyler Fasset ; 1847-48, Samuel Taggart, R. R. Little; 1849, Sidney B. Wells, E. Mowry, Jr.; 1850, Isaac Reckhow, E. Mowry, Jr., for Susquehanna, Wyoming and Sullivan ; 1851, Isaac Reckhow, Michael Meylert, for Susque- hanna, Wyoming and Sullivan; 1852, Ezra B. Chase, 1 Those in italics were residents of Susquehanna. 68 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. John W. Denison, for Susquehanna, Wyoming and Sullivan; 1853, Ezra B. Chase. James Deegan, for Susquehanna, Wyoming and Sullivan ; 1854, Charles J. Lathrop, John Sturdevant, for Susquehanna, Wyom- ing and Sullivan ; 1855, Thomas Ingham, John V. Smith, for Susquehanna, Wyoming and Sullivan ; 1856, Simeon B. Chase, Alfred Hine, for Susquehanna, Wyoming and Sullivan; 1857-58, Simeon B. Chase, for Susquehanna alone; 1859-60, George 1. Frazier, for Susquehanna alone ; 1861-62, D. D. Warner, for Susquehanna alone; 1863, George B. Wells, for Sus- quehanna alone; 1864, George H. Wells and P. M. Osterhout, for Susquehanna and Wyoming; 1865, J. T. Cameron, P. M. Osterhout, for Susquehanna and Wyoming; 1866, /. T. Cameron, Jacob Kennedy, for Susquehanna and Wyoming; 1867, Loren Burritt, Ziba Lott, for Susquehanna and Wyoming; 1868, Loren Burritt, A. P. Stephens, for Susquehanna and Wyoming; 1869, A. P. Stephens, Harvey Tyler, for Susquehanna and Wyoming; 1870, E. B. Beardslee, A. B. Walker, for Susquehanna and Wyoming ; 1871, E. B. Beardslee, M. Brunges, for Susquehanna and Wyoming ; 1872, H. M. Junes, M. Brunges, for Sus- quehanna and Wyoming; 1873, H. M. Jones, Bobert B. Little, for Susquehanna and Wyoming. In 1874 Susquehanna County alone became entitled to two representatives. The following is the list to the present, 1886 : 1874, Samuel Falkenburg, W. W. Williams; 1876, Monroe J. Larrabee, Eben P. Hines; 1878, John W. Cargill, John C. Morris; 1880, Chas. H. Ellis, Chas. A. Hungerford ; 1882, Stanley N. Mitchell, Watson T. Barns ; 1884, Eugene H. True, George B. Besseguie ; 1886, Eugene H. True, William Maxey. Sheriffs and Coroners. — Prior to 1839 two persons were elected sheriff, of whom the Governor appointed one. Sheriffs and coroners are elected for three years. A sheriff cannot be his own immediate successor. The following- named persons have been elected in Susquehanna since its organization : Sheriffs. Coroners. 1812. Edward Fuller. Stephen Wilson. 1815. Austin Howell. Philander Stephens. 1818. Samuel Gregory. Chapman Carr. 1821. Philander Stephens. Daniel Trowbridge. 1824. Samuel Gregory. Charles Chandler, Jr. 1827. Charles Chandler, Jr. Benjamin J. Dimock. 1830. Joseph Williams. Davis D. Warner. 1833. Charles Avery. Hiram Finch. 1836. William Hartley. Walter Follett. 1839. Walter Follett. Thomas Johnson. 1842. Thomas Johnson. Jonas Carter. 1845. Nelson C. Warner. Wm. B. Handrick. 1848. Christopher M. Gere. John Baker. Sheriffs. 1851. Gabriel B. Eldred. 1854. Fred. P. Hollister. 1857. John Young. 1860. Elias V. Green. 1863. David Summers. 1866. S. F. Lane. 1869. Wm. T. Moxley. 1872. M. B. Helme. 1875. William White. 1878. Benjamin F. McKune. 1881. E. P. Pope. 1884. Zachariah D. Jenkins. 1886. Coroners. William H. Boyd. Benjamin Dix. Dr. J. Blackman. Dr. C. C. Halsey. Dr. Braton Eichardson. Dr. L. A. Smith. Dr. C. C. Halsey. Dr. C. C. Halsey. Dr. Calvin C. Halsey. Dr. Calvin C. Halsey. H. D. Baldwin (1 year). Samuel Birdsall. W. W. Strange. Prothonotaries.— Under the Constitution of 1790 the Governor appointed all the county officers, and in new counties one person fre- quently held the offices of prothonotary, clerk of the courts, and register and recorder; such was the case in Susquehanna County until 1821. 1812-16, Dr. Charles Fraser, by appointment of Governor Snyder ; 1816-20, Jabez Hyde, by appoint- ment of Governors Snyder and Findley; 1816-20, Judge De Haert, as deputy, did all the writing during Mr. Hyde's term ; from January, 1821-36, Asa Dimock, Jr., by appointment of Governors Heister, Shulze and Wolf; 1836-39, George Walker, by appointment of Governor Bitner ; 1839, George Fuller, by appoint- ment of Governor Porter. In 1839 the office became elective, and George Fuller was elected. 1842-45-48, John Blanding; 1848, Frederick M. Williams ; 1851, Frederick A. Ward ; 1854, Sidney B. Wells; 1857, George B. B.Wade; 1860, Edwin M. Turner; 1863-66, Gabriel B. Eldred; 1869. W. F. Simrell, who died in 1870 ; 1870, J. F. Shoemaker, appointed; 1870, G.B. Eldred; 1873, David Summers; 1876, William W. Simrell; 1879-82, Myron Kasson; 1885, Dewitt A. Titsworth. Eegisters and Recorders. — In Susque- hanna County the register and recorder is also clerk of the Orphans' Court. This office became separated from the prothonotary's office in 1821. In 1821, David Post was appointed by Governor Heister; in 1824, William Jessup, and held it nine years under Governors Shulze and Wolf; 1833, Chris- topher L. Ward held three years under Governor Wolf; 1836, Simon Stevens held one year under Governor Bitner ; 1837, Charles Avery held two years under Governor Bitner ; 1839, Hiram Finch was ap- pointed by Governor Porter, and he was elected the fall following for three years. The following persons have been elected since. Hiram Finch held by re-elections until 1848 : ERECTION OF COUNTY. 60 1848, Charles L. Brown ; 1851, J. T. Langdon ; 1854, Jas. W. Chapman ; 1857, Charles Neale; 1860, Harmon K. Newell ; 1863, Joseph McCain ; 1866, J. F. Shoe- maker ; 1869, Jerome R. Lyons ; 1872, H. N. Tiffany ; 1875-78, Henry F. Beardsley; 1881, L. H. Lincoln; 1884, Charles S. Page. Treasurers. — 1812, Isaac Post; 1815, David Post; 1818, Justin Clark ; 1821, Charles Avery; 1824, Mason S. Wilson ; 1825, J. W. Raynsford ; 1826, Hiram Finch ; 1828, Davis Dimock, Jr. ; 1831, C. L. Ward ; 1832, William Foster; 1834, Davis Dimock, Jr.; 1835, George Fuller; 1837, Henry J. Webb ; 1839, Moses C. Tyler; 1841, Moses C. Tyler (elected) ; 1843, Davis D. Warner ; 1845, Walter Follett; 1847, Harvey Tyler; 1849, O. G. Hempstead; 1851, William K. Hatch; 1853, D. E. Lathrop; 1855, S. A. Woodruff; 1857, C. W. Mott; 1859, D. W.Titus; 1861, Amos Nichols; 1863, Nicholas Shoemaker ; 1865, Charles B. Dodge ; 1867, Richard V. Kennedy; 1869, Benjamin Glidden; 1871, Tracy Hayden; 1873, Edwin G. Taylor; 1875, Henry C. Tyler; 1878, A. B. Burns; 1881, H. L. French ; 1884, William A. Southwell. County Commissioners. — County commis- sioners are elected for three years, and it was arranged so that one commissioner should be elected each year. To inaugurate this plan, it became necessary to elect the first Board of Commissioners for terms of one, two and three years. This arrangement continued from 1812 until 1875, when the new Constitution went into effect. This Constitution provides for the election of all three of the commissioners at one time for the term of three years, and each qualified elector is only permitted to vote for two persons for that office, thereby securing one commissioner to the party which is in the minority. The county auditors are also elected in the same manner since 1875. Commissioners. — 1812, Bartlett Hinds, 1 year; 1812, Laban Capron, 2years; 1812, Isaac Brovvnson, 3 years; 1813, Jonah Brewster, 3 years ; 1814, Hosea Tiffany ; 1815, Stephen Wilson; 1816, Sylvanus Hatch ; 1817, Daniel Ross; 1818, Philander Stephens; 1819, Samuel Warner ; 1820, Joseph Washburn ; 1821, Philo Bost- wick; 1822, Hosea Tiffany, Jr. ; 1823, Simon Stevens; 1824, Edward Packer; 1825, Charles Avery; 1826, Walter Lyon ; 1827, Ansel Hill ; 1828, Joseph Wil- liams ; 1829, William Hartley ; 1830, Joseph Wash- burn; 1831, Calvin Summers; 1832, Arad Wakelee; 1833, Jonathan C. Sherman ; 1834, Cyrus H. Avery ; 1835, Charles Tingley; 1836, Robert Griffis; 1837, John Comfort; 1838, Edward Heald; 1839, Thomas Burdick ; 1840, Nathaniel Norris ; 1841, William G. Handrick; 1842, Abel Hewitt; 1843, Alonzo Wil- liams; 1844, Isaac Reckhow ; 1845, Jonas Carter; 1846, Nathaniel West; 1847, Elisha P. Farnam; 1848, David O. Turrell ; 1849, John Murphy ; 1850, Shubael Dimock; 1851, John Hancock; 1852, Amos Williams; 1853, Amherst Carpenter; 1854, Joseph Smith; 1855, William T. Case; 1856, Perrin Wells; 1857, Orange Mott, Jr.; 1858, Levi S. Page; 1859, C. M. Stewart; 1860, J. B. Cogswell; 1861, James Leighton ; 1862, Nelson French ; 1863, John B. Wil- son; 1864, David Wakelee; 1865, J. T. Ellis; 1866, B. M. Gage; 1867, Samuel Sherer; 1868, J. T. Ellis; 1869, Preserved Hinds; 1870, Edward L. Beebe; 1871, Oscar Washburn; 1872, Lyman Blakeslee; 1873, Edwin G. Ball; 1874, Eli Barns. In 1875 David O. Minklin, Edward G. Ball and Matthew E. Ryan, were elected for three years each, being the first Board of Commissioners under the new Constitution; 1878, William H. Sherwood, Merrick T. Whitney and Chas. Delhanty ; 1881, M. T. Whitney, Esick P. Bailey, L. Griffis; 1884, Frederick M. Wood- house, James E. Curtis, Dennis Casey. Commissioners' Clerks. — Jonah Brewster was the first commissioners' clerk, and served for one year, 1813. Dr. Asa Park was the second clerk, and Almon H. Bead served for five years, from January 1815, to January 1820. He was succeeded by William Jessup, who served from January 1820, to January 1826, a period of six years. George Fuller was then appointed, and served three years and two months, and was succeeded in March, 1829, by E. Kingsbury, Jr., who served one year and ten months. B. Streeter served eight months, and Jas. W. Chapman four months of the year 1831. Davis Dimock, Jr., served for the year 1832, and Charles Avery for the year 1833; then Seeker Meylert was appointed and served for seven years, from January 1834, to January, 1841. Asa Dimock served for the year 1841, when Robert J. Niven was appointed, and served eleven years and four months, from January 1842, until May, 1853, when William A. Crossmon was appointed, and served twenty-three years and eight months, and was succeeded, January 1, 1876, byG. B. Eldred, who served one year and three months, when he resigned to take a position in the Montrose Bank, and was succeeded by D. W. Gidden, who served one year and nine months, when he was suc- ceeded by E. G. Ball, the present incumbent. Jury Commissioners. — 1870, Charles Sprout, James O. Bullard ; 1873, William A. Crossmon, Daniel Brewster; 1876, Henry P. Robbins, Stephen E. Car- penter ; 1879, David Marsh, James Lonagan ; 1882, 70 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Leander Lott, George Harvey ; 1885, Alonzo W. Miles, Charles E. Lowe. Auditors. — The following persons have been elected auditors since 1840: 1840, John Young; 1841, Daniel B. Sneden ; 1842, Joel Turrell ; 1843, Benj. Thomas; 1844, Loren T. Farrar; 1845, Ira N. Hawley; 1846, Francis Quin; 1847, John Smiley; 1848, George Baldwin; 1849, Almon Spoor, C. D. Cobb, 2 years ; 1850, M. J. Mum- ford ; 1851, James E. Howe; 1852, Norman Foot; 1853, J. M. Cargill; 1854, O. S. Beebe; 1855, D. D. Brown ; 1856, D. P. Tiffany ; 1857, G. T. Frazier ; 1858, John F. Dean ; 1859, Chauncey Wright ; 1860, Stephen W. Budd; 1861, R. S. Ashby; 1862, W. M. Singly; 1863, Mahlon C. Stewart ; 1864, John F. Deans ; 1865, L. M. Turrell ; 1866, Eli Barnes ; 1867, F. B. Chandler ; 1868, Tracy Hayden ; 1869, Henry M. Jonei ; 1870, Amos Nichols; 1871, M. S. Catlin ; 1872, J. T. Ellis; 1873, John B. Johnson; 1874, M. Prichard; 1875, William Wheelock, Martin L. Catlin, Lewis B. O'Doud ; 1878, Joseph Jameson, J. H. Munger, Abner Griffis; 1881, A. W. Kent, E. C. Inderlied, Abner Griffis ; 1884, Jeremiah H. Munger, Harry H. Craver, Ernest D. Sutton. County Surveyors. — Prior to 1827 Sus- quehanna and Bradford Counties constituted a deputy-surveyors' district. From this time until 1850, when the office became elective, the fol- lowing persons were appointed deputy-surveyors for Susquehanna County: 1827, Adolphus D. Olmstead ; 1830, Jas. W. Chap- man ; 1833, John Boyle; 1836, Issachar Mann; 1339-47, John Boyle; 1847-50, O. S. Beebe; 1850, O. S. Beebe; 1853, Timothy Boyle; 1856, Joel Turrell ; 1859, Wilson J. Turrell ; 1862-65-68, Jas. W. Chap- man ; 1871, O. S. Beebe; 1874-77, Jas. W. Chapman; 1886, Lorenzo D. Benson. CHAPTER IX. THE BENCH AND BAR. In 1682 William Penn divided the province of Pennsylvania into the three counties, Phila- delphia, Chester and Bucks. Bucks embraced the northeastern portion of the province. In 1752 Northampton County was organized. In order to govern the Yankees more effectually, Northumberland County was formed March 21, 1772. It was found that the Connecticut claimants did not recognize the authority of the proprietaries any better from Sunbury, the county-seat of Northumberland, than they did from Easton, the county-seat of Northampton ; consequently the northern part of Northumber- land was elected into the county of Luzerne, by act 25th of September, 1786 ; and by act Febru- ary 21, 1810, Susquehanna County was set off from Luzerne. The pioneer settlers attended court at Wilkes-Barre until 1812. This court was organized under the first Constitution of this State, May 27, 1787, at the house of Colonel Zebulon Butler, in Wilkes-Barre, by Timothy Pickering, James Nesbitt, Obadiah Gore, Nathan Kingsley, Benjamin Carpenter, Mathias Hollenback and Wm. H. Smith, who had been commissioned justices of the Court of Common Pleas. After proclamation made by Lord Butler, high sheriff, for all persons to keep silence, the commissions of the county officers were read and the oaths administered by Timothy Pick- ering and Colonel Dennison. Timothy Picker- ing, who was a lawyer of fine abilities and who had great tact in managing the Connecticut claim- ants, was chosen prothonotary, register and re- corder and clerk of the court. The second court was held September, 1787, Obadiah Gore, president. In 1790 the county was divided into town- ships under Pennsylvania authority. These townships were organized into ten districts, for the election of justices of the peace. Among these districts were the Sixth District, which was formed from Braintrim and Wyalusing, having two hundred and twenty-five taxables, who elected H. D. Champion, Jonathan Stevens and Guy Wells justices. The Ninth District was Rush, with one hundred and three taxables, who elected Isaac Hancock justice. The Teuth District, which was composed of Willing- borough, Lauesville and Nicholson townships, with two hundred and eighty-six taxables, elected John Marcy, Thomas Tiffany and Asa Eddy justices. The county of Susquehanna was comprised in these ten election districts. Those first townships were somewhat indefinite as to boundaries, and have since been divided and changed by the erection of new townships and new counties. Some of these township names also ' THE BENCH AND BAR. 71 have disappeared. The first court-house in Wilkes-Barre was located on the site of the old fort, in the public square. It was built of hewn logs, twenty-five by fifty feet, and two stories high, with outside steps leading to the court-room on the second floor. The first story was used as a jail and jailor's residence, and the second story contained the court-room. " x This primitive temple of justice was completed in 1791, and Stephen Tuttle, whose good wife placed her cake and beer sign over the door of the first story, was appointed first jailor." In 1804 a new court-house was erected on the site of the old one. The judges of the Supreme Court, who sat in these court- houses, were McKean, Tilghman, Breckenridge, Smith and Yeates. Judge Conyngham, in his address in 1856, on the occasion of the laying of the corner-stone of the third court-house at Wilkes-Barre said : "There were some ceremonies connected with the courts now entirely abro- gated. At the opening of every term the sheriff", with his staff" of office, attended by the crier of the court, and frequently by several constables, waited upon the judges at their lodgings, and then conducted them in formal procession to the court-house. Judges Mc- Kean, Smith and others, of the Supreme Court, always wore swords when they attended court, some bearing rapiers and other heavier weap- ons." These Supreme Court judges started from Philadelphia on horseback, with their library in a pair of saddle-bags, holding about half a bushel, and their law in their heads. They were Usually accompanied by lawyers, and after they arrived at Easton, usually more lawyers would join this itinerant court. They had to take such fare as they could get, and that was not always the best. There was a log tavern in the back- woods of Pike County, on one of the old State roads, where the " court " sometimes stopped over-night. One time they came there late at night, after the occupants had all retired. After making considerable noise they succeeded in rallying the host, who stuck his head out of the window and asked, " What do you want ? " The judges, who were sitting on their horses, 1 " Annals of Luzerne," page 243. ■ replied, " We want to stay here all night." " Stay there then," said the host, and down went the window ; but he finally relented and gave them shelter for the night. Judge Jessup, in his address at the inauguration of the Wilkes- Barre court-house, in 1859, says that he well remembered " when the court set out from Wilkes-Barre, followed by the bar on horse- back, through Cobb's Gap, Wayne, Pike and Susquehanna Counties, bringing up at Bradford County." These old-time judges put on a great deal of dignity in court, but when they and the lawyers were traveling together they were as jovial a set of fellows as could be found in the State. " Court week " had a significance then which is not attached to it now. The travel- ing court, with the attending attorneys, created quite a stir at the county-seats in the pioneer days. The common people looked upon judges and lawyers with more awe and reverence then than now, and there was more litigation in proportion to the number of inhabitants. There were land titles to adjust, and suits growing out of the bark and lumber interests came a few years later. This class of civil suits has disappeared with the forests, and land titles are becoming settled. Jacob Rush, Thomas Cooper and Seth Chapman presided over the courts of Luzerne from 1790 to 1812. In 1813 John Bannister Gibson, one of the ablest judges that Pennsylvania ever produced, held the first court in Susquehanna County, in the house of Isaac Post. The first organization of the courts of Sus- quehanna County was made under the Constitu- tion of 1790. The act of February 21, 1810, erecting Sus- quehanna County, provided in the third section thereof, " That for the present convenience of the inhabitants of the said counties of Ontario (now Bradford) and Susquehanna, and until an enumeration of the taxable inhabitants of the said counties shall be made ; and it shall be otherwise directed by law, the said counties of On- tario and Susquehanna shall be and the same are hereby annexed to the counties of Luzerne and Lycoming, in like manner as before the passage of this act, and the jurisdiction of the several courts of the counties of Luzerne and Lycom- 72 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ing, and the authority of the judges thereof shall extend over and shall operate and be effectual ■within the said counties of Ontario and Susque- hanna, and that the electors within the said counties shall continue to elect at the same places, and with the counties of Luzerne and Lycoming, as heretofore." As the counties of Northumberland, Lycoming and Luzerne con- stituted the Eighth Judicial District, the above act continued Susquehanna County in that dis- trict until the act of March 24, 1812. Section I. changed the name of Ontario to Bradford ; Sec- tion II. enacted " that from and after the sec- ond Tuesday of October next, the inhabitants of the counties of Bradford, Tioga, Wayne and Susquehanna shall each enjoy and exercise in judicial concerns, all and singular, the jurisdic- tions, powers and privileges whatsoever, within the same, which the inhabitants of other coun- ties do, may or ought to enjoy, by the consti- tution and laws of this commonwealth." Section III. provides " that the counties of Bradford, Tioga, Wayne and Susquehanna be, and the same are hereby erected into a separate judicial district or circuit, to be called the Elev- enth District, and a person of legal knowledge and integrity to be appointed and commissioned by the Governor to be president and judge of the Courts of Common Pleas within the said district," and two other proper persons were to be appointed in each county as associate judges, to have jurisdiction after the second Tuesday of October, as judges of the Courts of Common Pleas, Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery, Orphans' Court and Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace. These j udges were to be sworn by the prothonotary of Luzerne County and their oaths filed in the respective counties. Section VII. provided for the election of commissioners in each county to erect a court- house, prison and county offices ; and the first court of Susquehanna is ordered to be held at Montrose, in the house of Isaac Post. The first record of any court in Susquehanna County reads as follows : " Susquehanna County SS. " At a Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, held at Montrose, in and for the County of Susquehanna, on the fourth Monday of January, 1813, Before the Honorable John B. Gibson, President of the Court of Common Pleas, and William Thomson and Davis Dimock, Judges of the same Court, came the Sheriff of the said county and returned the sev- eral writs and processes to him directed and returna- ble here the same day, among which he produced a certain ' venire facias juratores,' with a panel thereto annexed, which, being called over, the following per- sons appeared : Walter Lyon, Phineas Aims, Jacob Roberts, Isaac Brownson, Jonathan West, James Thayer, Jedediah Salmon, Luther Dean, Wright Chamberlain, Joseph Chapman, William C. Turrel, James Cook, Edward Dimock, John Belcher, Amos Harding, Noah Alden, Jirah Stephens, Noah Tiffany, Asahel Swelt, Joseph Eaynsford, Thomas Scott." This first grand jury was dismissed by the court. The commissions of the judges, sheriff and prothonotary were read. " 25th January, 1813, on motion by Mr. Wilson, Ebenezer Bowman was admitted and sworn as an attor- ney of this court." Then, on motion of Mr. Bowman, David Scott, Garrick Mallery, Na- than Palmer, Putnam Catlin and Henry Wil- son were admitted and sworn as attorneys of this court. Benjamin Lathrop was appointed constable of Bridgewater township, and it was ordered that all applications to be recommended to the Governor for tavern licenses be made at the April sessions. There were petitions pre- sented to this court for the appointment of viewers for eighteen different roads and the re- view of two others. These viewers were all appointed, and most of the roads asked for were subsequently granted. Another petition asked for viewers for a bridge across the Wyalusing, near Joab Picket's. Joshua W. Eaynsford, Isaac Post, Luther Dean, Isaac Peckins, Stephen Wil- son and Jonah Brewster were appointed. There were also petitions praying for new townships to be called Choconut, Gibson and Lenox. Joab Picket was appointed constable of Rush. The first suit in Quarter Sessions was brought by the overseers of the poor of Clifford against David Taylor, for the maintenance of a pauper — Scott for the plaintiff, and Mallery for the defendant. Both of these men who were en- gaged in this petty suit afterwards became dis- tinguished judges. The first commonwealth case was against Obadiah Green, David Green and Charles Mattison, who were ordered " to give security to keep the peace and be of good THE BENCH AND BAR 73 behaviour towards all the good citizens of this commonwealth, and more particularly towards Isaac Post and John Bennet." Hon. John B. Gibson presided over the Eleventh District for about three years, until 1816, when he was ele- vated to the Supreme Bench of the State, where he maintained his position until his death, May 3, 1853. He was a Pennsylvanian, born 1780. His clear and forcible opinions given in the Su- preme Court reports are regarded as among the very best by the legal profession. Hon. Thomas Burnside, who also became a Supreme Court judge (a quarter of a century later, January 2, 1845, commissioned by Governor Shunk), suc- ceeded him in September, 1816. He presided until 1818, when, by act of February 25, 1818, the Thirteenth Judicial District was erected, em- bracing the counties of Susquehanna, Bradford and Tioga. Hon. Edward Herrick was ap- pointed presiding judge of this new district, and held his position from August, 1818, until his term expired by constitutional limitation under the Constitution of 1839. He had presided for nearly twenty-one years. Hon. John N. Con- yngham succeeded him in May, 1839. By the act of April 12, 1840, taking effect from and after the 1st of the following January, Luzerne was transferred from the Eleventh Dis- trict to the Thirteenth, and Susquehanna from the Thirteenth to the Eleventh. Hon. William Jessup then presided in the Eleventh District, and by this transposition the residences of Judges Conyngham and Jessup were placed within their respective districts. Jessup first presided in Susquehanna County at April term, 1841. By act of April 1, 1836, Monroe County was erected out of portions of Northampton and Pike and placed in the Eleventh Judicial Dis- trict. This continued until the act of April 10, 1844, detached Monroe from the Eleventh Dis- trict and united it with Carbon and Schuylkill, to form the Twenty-first District, leaving the Eleventh composed of Susquehanna, Wayne and Pike. No further change was made until act of April 5, 1849, when Wayne, Pike, Monroe and Carbon were erected into the Twenty-second District, and the Eleventh District was composed of Luzerne, Susquehanna and Wyoming. 5£ In 1850 a constitutional amendment was adopted making the judiciary elective, fixing the term of the president judge at ten years from the first Monday of December following the election, and that of associate judges at five years ; and vacating the commissions of all judges holding by appointment on the first Monday of December. By act of 15th April, 1851, Bradford and Susquehanna Counties constitute the Thirteenth District. Hon. David Wilmot was the first judge elected under the new Constitution, in October, 1851. He held the office until the summer of 1857, when he resigned to accept the Republican nomination for Governor. Hon. Darius Bullock was appointed to fill the vacancy, with the understanding that he should resign in case Wilmot was defeated. It so happened that Wilmot was defeated in his gubernatorial aspi- rations by William F. Packer, and Judge Bullock resigned after having presided a few months, and Mr. Wilmot was reappointed to preside in January, 1858, and re-elected the following fall for ten years. He resigned the judgeship to accept the United States Senator- ship in March, 1861, and Hon. Ulysses Mercur was appointed to succeed him, and the following October he was elected for a full term of ten years. He resigned the judgeship March 4, 1865, to accept a seat in the Thirty-ninth Con- gress, which he held by re-election through the Fortieth, Forty-first and Forty-second Con- gresses, when he was elevated to the Supreme Court, and eventually became chief justice, a position which he held at the time of his death, in 1887. Hon. Farris B. Streeter was appointed to fill the vacancy in 1865, and the following October elected to the same office for a full term. By act of March 1, 1870, it was enacted that an additional law judge should be elected in the Thirteenth District. Hon. Paul D. Morrow was appointed to this office March 1, 1870, and elected the following October for ten years from December, 1870. By act of April 9, 1874, under the new Con- stitution, Susquehanna County constitutes the Thirty-fourth Judicial District. As Judge 74 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Streeter resided in Susquehanna, and Judge Morrow resided in Bradford, it accommodated them both to have each preside in his home dis- trict. Judge Streeter accordingly presided in Susquehanna. He was re-elected over Ralph B. Little, in 1875, for a full term, and died in August, 1877. Hon. William H. Jessup was appointed to fill the vacancy by Gov. Hartranft, and presided for about sixteen months, until the first Monday of January, 1879. Hon. J. B. McCollum, the present judge, having been elected the fall pre- vious, was commissioned for a full term from the first Monday of January, 1879. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. 1 Davis Dimock and William Thompson were appointed associate judges for this county at its organization, in 1812. The terms of all the judges were then "during good behavior;" but the resignation of Judge Thompson, after serv- ing twenty-five years, created a vacancy which was filled by the appointment of Isaac Post in October, 1837, who served a little over five years. The limitation imposed by the Constitu- tion terminated Judge Dimock's services after nearly twenty-eight years, and Jabez Hyde was appointed in his place, March, 1840. His death, about eighteen months afterward, created a va- cancy, and Benjamin Lathrop was appointed in his place, November, 1841. He served five years. Dr. Calvin Leet succeeded Judge Post, Feb- ruary, 1843, for five years. Moses C. Tyler succeeded Judge Lathrop, March, 1847, for five years, nearly. Charles Tingley succeeded Judge Leet in March, 1848. His term lasted only three and one-half years, as the amendment to the Consti- tution for the election of judges cut him off, and John Boyle and Davis D. Warner were elected associate judges for five years, in the Fall of 1851. Urbane Burrows and Charles F. Read were elected in the fall of 1856. l Under the Constitution of 1874, a single county having forty thousand inhabitants iB entitled to have a presiding judge, and constitutes a separate judicial district, in which case the office of associate judge is abolished. This provision of the Constitution abolished the office of associate judge in Susquehanna County. Charles F. Read (second term) and I. P. Baker were elected in 1861. Alfred Baldwin and R. T. Ashley were elec- ted in 1866. James W. Chapman and Judson H. Cook were elected in 1871. Attorneys from other Counties Admitted to the Bar of Susque- hanna County, from the Year 1813 to 1840. When Admitted. 1813. Jan. Term 1813, Apr. 1813, Aug Term . Term . 1813, Nov. Term . 1814, Aug. Term . 1817, Sept. Term . 1818, May Term . 1818, Dec. Term. 1819, Aug. 31 . 1819, Sept. 2 . 18211, Jan. 31 . 1821, Jan. 29 . 1821, Feb. 2 . 182], Sept. Term . 1824, Feb. Term . 1824, Aug. Term . 1825, Aug. Term . 1826, Sept. Term . 1826, Dec. Term . 1830, 183m, 1831, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1840, May Term . Aug. Term . Aug. Term . Bee. Term . Dec. Term . May Term . May Term . Nov. Teim . Eben'r Bowman David Scott Garnck Mallery Nathan Palme. Putnam Catlin 1 Henry Wilson Ethan Baldwin Roswell Welles Alpheus C. Stewart Geurge Denison I humas Graham John Evans Thomas Dyer Edward Herrick 2 Luther Barstow Thomas B. Overton Josiah H. Miuur Nathaniel B. Eldred Thomas Welles Amzi Fuller Horace Willibtou 3 Latham A. Burrows Oristus Collins Chester Butler John N. Conyngham Simon Gages Throop Dan Dimmick James W. bowman Thomas W. Morris Stephen Strung Wm. Seymour Henry Pettebone Benjamin A. Bidlack Thomas Fuller Ezra S. Sweet David Woodcuck George B. Westcott KobiTt Charles Johnson George W. Woodward Volney L. Maxwell Luther Kidder David Wilmot Lewis Jones Hendrick B. Wright And many later admissions.. 1 Bradford. ' Luzerne. ; Bradford. Luzerne, Bradford. ! Wayne. Wayne. Bradford. Pike. Luzerne. i Oswego. Luzerne. Wayne. lOw-ego. Wayne. Broome. Luzerne. i Bradford. ! Luzerne. Resident Attorneys When Adm'd With whom Studied. 1814, Apr. Charles Catlin Attorney from Luzerne. 1816, Sept. Ahnon H. Bead Attorney in Tt. Ex'd. 1817, Mav 5 Benjamin T. Case Attorney in Bradford Co. 1818, Dec. George Catlin At Wilkes Barre (?) 1820, Feb. 2 William Jessup A. H. Eeed. 1821, Apr. Balthazer De Haert 1S23, Feb. 3 James A. Gordon 1826, May 1 Earl Wheeler 1828, Sept. l'Benjamin Parke \ Attorney from Harrisburg. 1828, Sept. 2'Ebenezer Kingsbury, Jr...;Wni. Jessup. 1830, Aug. 30 Barzillui streeter j 1830, Nov. 29|Johu J. Wurts j 1 1787, first court, May 29. In 1794, when he and E. Bowman, the only lawyers in Luzerne, declined to serve, two lawyers from Connecticut were imported. 2 Now president judge. 3 Horace Williston was a native of Sheffield, Conn., and the youngest brother of the late Seth Williston, D.D. He studied law in Elmira ; practiced in Binghamton, and also in Susquehanna County courts, many years, even after his removal to Athens, Bradford County. He was eminent in his profession, and distinguished for strict integrity and love of justice. He was president judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District^ He died August 14, 1855. THE BENCH AND BAR. 75 When Adm'd. 1830, 1831. 1831, 1832, 1832, 1833, 183 (, 1834, 183d, 1836, 1837, 1837, 1838, 1838, 1838, Dec. Jan. Aug. May Apr. Nov. May Nov. May Sept. 1839, 1840, 1840, 1841, 1841, 1842, May Apr. Nov. Apr. Aug. Apr. 1841, 1845, 1847, 1847, 1847, 1848, 1848, Aug. Apr. Aug. Nov. Apr. Aug. 1819, 1819, 1850, 1851, 1851, Aug. Aug. Aug. Jiin. Nov. 1852, 1854, 1855, 1855, 1855, 1856, 1857. 1857. 1858 1859 1859 1859, 1860, 1860, 1862, 1862, 1862, 1862, 1863, 1863, 1865, 1866, 1866. 1868, 1868, 1868, 1868, Jan. Aug. Aug. Aug Apr, Nov. Apr. Aug. Nov. Apr. Aug. Aug. Nov. Cephas J. Dunham Franklin LuBk Norman I. Post liinaldo D. Parker William Wurts Thomas P. Phinney — Davis Dimock, Jr Albert L. Post Wm. C. Tiffany James C. Biddle Ralph B. Little 20 1843, Aug. 21 1844, Aug. 19 Aug. Jan. Aug. Nov. Nov. Apr. Aug. , Nov. Aug. Aug. Nov. Aug. 20 Chris'r L. Ward Philip Fraser Joseph T. Rkhaids Harris \V. Patrick Lyman De Wolf. Ariel Carr Wm. J. Turrell Robert J. Niven Benjamin S. Bentley J. R. Barstow Sylvester Abel George H. Welles Almon Virgil Sabin Hatch Peter Byrne Karris B. Streeter S. S. N. Fuller Franklin Fraser Ezra Maxon Wm. C. Salmon Albert Chamberliu Benjamin F. Smith William Fordbam John H. Dimock Samuel B. Mulford George Perkins George Baldwin Charles Kellum Naham Newton Galusba A Grow John H. Mcltune E. Heury Little Owen B. Tyler La Fayette Fitch Homer H. Frazier John C. Truesdell Pliilo C. Gritman John C. Fish Ezra B. Chase John C. Miller Martin L. Truesdell Simeon B Chase William H. Jessup William H. Cooper Leonard B. Hinds Lucius Robinson, Jr G. Clark Lyman Andrew J. Davis Frederick A. Case Urial C. Johnson J. Brewster McCollum.... C. Judson Richardson.... Albert Bushnell Wm. M. Post H. L. Emmons C. A. Lyman Ira Vadakin Truman L. Case Alfred Hand Daniel W. Searle Orlando C. Tiffany Wm. D. Lusk F. E. Loomis B. S. Bentley, Jr Milo J. Wilson Rienzi Streeter Casper W. Tyler David A Baldwin Isaac J. Post E. W. Smith A. O. Warren U. F. Hollenback L. M Bunnell Wm. A. House George P. Little Edwin M. Turner James Edward Carmalt. . With whom Studied. When Adm'd. Attorney from Northampton. J. J. Wurts. Attorney from Luzerne. B. T. Case Wm Jessup. B. T. Case. Wm. Jessup. Wheeler, Case, & D. Wilmot Dimock. Win. Jessup. A. L. Post. Attorney from Bradford. A. L. Post. Wm. Jessup. Attorney from Warren. F. Lusk. Davis Dimock, Jr. F. Lusk. Wm. Jonathan J. Wright William H. Frink Aaron Watson Bertholf... Thomas H. B. Lyons Charles L. Catlin Monroe J Larrabee William A. Crossman Byron 0. Camp Willoughby W. Watson. .. Huntting C. Jessup F. Lusk. Bentley & Richards. Wm. J. Turrell & A. Carr. D. Dimock, Jr. Wm. Jessup. A. L. Post. F. Lusk. Attorney from N. Y. Bentley & Richards. Little & Streeter. B. S. Bentley. Attorney from Wayne. R. B. Little. B. S. Bentley. R. B. Little. F. B. Streeter. Wm. Jessup. B. S. Bentley. F. B. Streeter. Wm. F. B. Streeter. B. S. Bentley. E. B. Chase. B. T. Case. W. J.. Turrell. R. B. Little. Jessups. B. S. Bentley. R. B. Little. S. B. Chase. Attorney from Wayne. Jessups. Little & Post, Sam'l Sherrod. Bentley & Fitch. R. B. Little. F. B. Streeter. Attorney from N. Jessups. J. B. McCollum. F. B. Streeter. Bentley & Fitch. R. B. Little. Attorney from Wyoming. Law School, Cambridge, F. B. Streeter and Jessups. Bentley & Fitch. A. Chamberlin. ' Bentley, Fitch & Bentley. J. B. McCollum. Attorney from D. C. W. J. Turrell. V. B. Streeter. J. B. McCollum. L. F. Fitch. Wm. H. Jessup. 1869, Apr. 12 1869, Aug. 1869, Nov. 1870, Apr. 187", Aug. 1871, Aug. 1871, Oct. 1872, Jan. 1872, Nov. 1875, Apr. 1875, Aug. 1875. Nov. 1876, Jan. 1876, Sept. 1879, Apr. 1879, Jan. 1880. Aug. 1880, Nov. 1882, Aug. 1883, Apr. 1884, Apr. 1884, Jan. 1885, Aug. 1886, Apr. 1887, Jan. Charles A. Warren . E. L. Blakeslee Alex. H. M?Collum George H. Allen Eugene B. llawley Benjamin L. Baldwin.. Edgar A. Turrell C E. Baldwin Stanley N. Mitchell J. Ferris Shoemaker 11 J. T. Richards Wilbur F. Lathrop Eugene O'Neill Freeman I. Lott Chas. N. Warner Mathew M. Riley John S. Courtright D. T. Brewster Geo. G. Watrous Watson T. Barnes Miller S.Allen Samuel F. Lane E. R. W. Searle C. E. Lvnian Edson W. Safford Andrew B. Smith Thomas J. Davis George A. Post W. Nelson Barnes H. W. B. Hewen John M. Kelly William E. Williams.. Brown, David W Wm. H. Jessup, Jr Richard J. Manning... Wm. D. B. Ainey With whom Studied. A. O. Warren. Michigan Union Law School and Little. J. B. McCollum. Attorney from Luzerne. Wm. D. Lusk. Jessups, Crossmon. Attorney N. Y. Sup. Court Carmalt, Crossmon. Jessups, Crossmon, Wm A. Crossmon. Little & Blakeslee. Hon. J. B. McCollum. Little & Blakeslee. D. W. Searle. L. F. Fitch. Wm. J. Turrell. Little & Blakeslee. Wm. D. Lusk. Daniel W. Searle. J. B. & A. H. McCollum. McCollum & Watson. Little & Blakeslee. M. J. Larrabee. Little, Blakeslee & Allen. W. T. Barnes. McCollum & Watson. Little & Allen. W. H. & H. C. Jessup. Miller S. Allen. E. L. Blakeslee. District Attorneys.— Prior to the year 1850 the attorney-general appointed deputies, who prosecuted commonwealth cases. Since that time the following persons have been elected district attorneys : 1850. John H. Dimock. 1852. John C. Fish. 1853-56. Frank Fraser. 1856-62. A. Chamberlain. 1865-68. Dan'lW. Searle. 1871. James E. Carmalt. 1874-77. B. L. Baldwin. 1880. Freeman I. Lott. 1883. E. W. Safford. 1886. F. I. Lott. The first lawyers who practiced at Montrose were from outside of the county, mostly from Wilkes-Barre. These itinerant lawyers fol- lowed the judges around on horseback, and naturally the Wilkes-Barre lawyers, who had probably many clients among the people of the new county, that they had gained while Susque- hanna was under the jurisdiction of Luzerne, were the first to come here. Ebenezer Bowman, David Scott, Garrick Mallery, Nathan Palmer, Putnam Catlin and Heury Wilson were ad- mitted the first term, in January, 1813. The adjoining counties of Bradford and Wayne also furnished some of these itinerants — many of them became men of renown, high in the councils of the nation as legislators or as Supreme Court and presiding judges. Horace Williston, of Athens, Bradford County, practiced here for many years. The members of Susquehanna 76 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. County bar who became residents of the county, or who were born here, will compare favorably in point of ability and honesty with the members of any bar in the State. Charles Catlin, who did not remain more than five or ten years ; Almond H. Read, Benjamin T. Case, George Catlin, the artist, who never practiced law to any great extent; William Jessup, Balthazer De Haert, who was a deputy prothonotary ; James A. Gordon, who soon removed ; Earl Wheeler, of Dundaff, who re- moved to Wayne County, where he lived to a good old age, and was noted for his accuracy in drawing legal papers; Benjamin Parke, who, after living in Harrisburg, became a farmer in this county; Ebenezer Kingsbury, Jr., who re- moved to Wayne County and became editor of the Herald, the Democratic organ of that county ; Barzillai Streeter, John J. Wurtz and Cephas J. Dunham were all the resident law- yers that were admitted between 1814 and 1830. Almon H. Read, Benjamin T. Case and William Jessup were the first trio of able lawyers in the county. Franklin Lusk was admitted in 1831, and may be added to the list of able lawyers. From 1831 to 1836 there were admitted Xor- man I. Post, who soon after became a merchant ; Rinaldo D. Parker, William Wurtz, Thomas P. Phinney, of Dundaff ; Davis Dimock, Jr., who died in the prime of life when in Congress ; Albert Post, who was deputy State attorney in 1836, and who became a Baptist minister and philanthropist, after practicing about eight years; William C. Tiffany, of Harford ; James C. Biddle and Ralph B. Little — the latter be- came one of the most brilliant lawyers that practiced at the bar; Christopher L. Ward, a newspaper man, who afterwards removed to Bradford ; Philip Fraser, Joseph T. Richards, Norris W. Patrick, Lyman D. Wolf, Ariel Carr, William J. Turrell, another able counselor and politician ; Robert J. Niven, Benjamin S. Bent- ley, a good lawyer ; J. R. Barstow and Sylvester Abel were admitted prior to 1840. In the de- cade between 1840 and 1850 the following persons were admitted : George H. Welles, Almon Virgil, Sabin Hatch, Peter Byrne, the first Irish lawyer, who afterwards removed to Scranton ; Farris B. Streeter, S. S. X. Fuller, Franklin Fraser, Ezra Maxon, William C. Salmon, who removed to Milford ; Albert Chamberlain, Benjamin F. Smith, William Fordham, John H. Dimock Samuel B. Mul- ford, George Perkins, Charles Kellum, George Baldwin, Nahum Newton, Galusha A. Grow, John H. McKune, who became a president judge in California; E. Henry Little, Owen B. Tyler, La Fayette Fitch, Homer H. Frazier, John C. Truesdell, Philo C. Gritman, John C. Fish. There are now some forty members of the Susquehanna County bar in active practice. The living members of the bar practicing in the county, in the order of their admission, are William H. Jessup, J. Brewster McCollum, William M. Post, Daniel W. Searle, A. O. Warren, George P. Little, James E. C'armalt, Monroe J. Larrabee, Byron O. Camp, Hunt- ting C. Jessup, Charles A. Warren, E. L. Blakeslee, A. H. McCollum, B. L. Baldwin, Eugene O'Neill, Freeman I. Lott, Charles N. Waruer, John S. Courtright, D. T. Brewster, George G. Watrous, Watson T. Barnes, Miller S. Allen, Samuel F. Lane, E. R. W. Searle, C. E. Lyman, Edson W. Safford, A. B. Smith, Thomas J. Davis, George A. Post, W. Nelson Barnes, John M. Kelly, William E. Williams, D. W. Brown, Richard J. Manning, William D. B. Ainey. We follow this brief review of the bar with biographical sketches, beginning with the judiciary. Hon. William Jessup was born at South- ampton, L. I., June 21, 1797, and was gradu- ated at Yale College in 1815. He came to Montrose in 1818, and entered the law-office of Almon H. Read, Esq. The following winter he taught the first term of the Montrose Acad- emy. He was admitted to the bar in February, 1820. His progress at the bar was slow at first. It required several occasions of excitement and deep interest to bring out his ample but at that period latent powers as an advocate; and the doubts and struggles which attended his noviti- ate only strengthened him for his future bril- liant and successful career. January 2, 1824, he was commissioned register aud recorder by Governor Shulze, and held the office by re-ap- poiutment of Governor Wolf nine years, when THE BENCH AND BAE. 77 he declined another appointment in 1833. In 1838 he was appointed by Governor Ritner president judge of the Eleventh Judicial District of Pennsylvania, which then comprised the counties of Luzerne, Wayne, Pike and Monroe. Upon the accession of Hon. John N. Conyng- ham to the presidency of the adjoining district, the Legislature made a transfer of the counties of Luzerne and Susquehanna, that accommodated both judges in respect to residence. TheEleventh District then comprised the counties of Susque- hanna, Wayne, Pike and Monroe. April 10, 1844, Monroe was detached, leaving the Eleventh District composed of Susquehanna, Wayne and Pike. Upon the expiration of his first consti- HON. WILLIAM JESSUP. tntional term of ten years on the bench, in 1848, he 1 was re-appointed by Governor Johnston president judge of the Eleventh District, which was changed April 5, 1 849, so as to comprise the counties of Luzerne, Susquehanna and Wyo- ming. He discharged the duties of judge with conscientious fidelity until the first Monday of December, 1851, when his official term expired by virtue of a constitutional amendment, making the judiciary elective. During the thirteen years that he presided in the courts Judge Jes- sup's district, by various changes, comprised the counties of Bradford, Tioga, Susquehanna, Lu- zerne, Wayne, Pike and Monroe. He thus gained a wide celebrity in Northeastern Penn- sylvania, which extended throughout the State, resulting in his being nominated by the Whigs as one of their five candidates for judge of the Supreme Court, which was then first made elective. Judge Jessup shared the fate of his distinguished compeers : the Whigs, being in the minority, were defeated. He was still in the prime of life, and returned to his favorite profession with all the prestige and experience which he had gained while on the bench. At this time his reputation as a lawyer and advo- cate was second to none in this section of the State. He was the chosen counsel of the Erie and Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail- roads, and from 1853 to 1857 was president of the Lackawanna Railroad Company, and had an office on the corner of Wall Street and Broad- way, New York. One of his most brilliant forensic triumphs was his defence of the Rev. Albert Barnes, the leader of the New School movement in the Presbyterian Church, who was charged with heresy and tried before the Gen- eral Assembly of the Church. His style at the bar was perspicuous, pleasing and strongly im- pressive. As a judge " he was remarkable for clearness and readiness upon any subject within the range of his profession, and for a prompt and proper dispatch of business." " No official entrusted with the power of a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of this State ever held the balances with a deeper-settled conviction to ad- minister the law with purity and impartiality." " Upon the bench his unrelaxed features gave no clue to the working of the mind within. He had a way of tearing slips of paper from his notes, and chewing them rapidly when his mind was in labor, but this only showed agitation ; it gave no clue ; and counsel on both sides did not know the drift of the matter till it came, in well- measured and strong utterances, to the jury. Then there was no mistaking the legal current, nor was there the least flinching from putting down what would prevent a higher court from having ample means to know what had been done below." Judge Jessup was not so far buried in his profession as to be lost to the so- cial, educational, agricultural, religious and even military interests of the country. Socially he was affable and courteous in his bearing to the humblest of his acquaintances. As early as 1838 he addressed a circular letter to the school 78 HISTOKY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. directors of the county, asking them, upon his own responsibility, to attend a convention of school directors at the court-house for the pur- pose of consulting together upon the best method of advancing the school interests. He often made addresses at agricultural fairs at home and elsewhere. In 1856 he delivered an address before the New York State Agricultural Society, at its sixteenth annual fair. He took his stand in favor of the true dignity of labor, and said : " I can never consent that the non-producing class shall claim in any respect a superiority over those who rise in the morning of every day to daily toil, ' who work laboring with their own hands/ " In his earlier days he was colonel of a regiment of militia, and he had the best-drilled regiment in the division. In politics he pur- sued the course which suited his convictions. In early life he was a Democrat, and was defeated as a candidate of that party for Congress in 1836. In the conflict between Jackson and Adams he took sides with Mr. Clay and remained a Whig until the formation of the Republican party. He was a friend of General Scott, and went to Washington to see him when the War of the Rebellion began. January 5, 1861, he wrote to Hon. Jeremiah Black, Secretary of State, as- suring him that the people " demanded bold, strong and decided measures in sustaining the Constitution, the laws and the Union against all aggression." He was appointed, in connection with Colonel Swaim and Judge Swan, of Ohio, to visit Washington in May, 1861, and present the views of the " Nine War Governors," who held a meeting at Cleveland, Ohio, and sent as- surances to Lincoln of their support and co-opera- tion. Judge Jessup was zealous in his support of the government during the war. He was also an advocate of temperance. In fact, every good cause seemed to find in him an earnest and able advocate. His scholarship was recognized by Hamilton College, in 1848, by conferring upon him the degree of LL.D. He was a ruling elder and Sunday-school superintendent in Mon- trose Presbyterian Church for a great many years, where his "glowing arguments and pa- thetic appeals fitly supplemented the pastor's sermons." His life and character influenced the community where he lived in a marked de- gree. He was widely known and highly hon- ored in his church ; was vice-president of the A. B. C. F. M., and cheerfully gave up two of his sons as foreign missionaries. In July, 1820, he married Amanda Harris, of Long Island, and they had a family of eleven children, — among them Jane R., wife of Col. J. B. Salisbury, of New York ; Mary G., wife of F. B. Chandler, of Montrose; Harriet A., wife of Isaac L. Post, of Scranton; Hon. William H. Jessup; Rev. Henry H. Jessup, D. D., professor in the theo- logical seminary at Beirut ; and Rev. Samuel Jessup, who has charge of the printing depart- ment at Beirut; Fannie M. ; George A., vice- president of the Scranton City Bank; Phoebe Ann, deceased, first wife of Judge Alfred Hand, and Huntting C. Jessup, Esq. Judge William Jessup died at Montrose, September 11, 1868, aged seventy-one. His wife died June 13, 1883, in the eighty-fifth year of her age. Hon. David Wilmot, author of the "Wil- mot Proviso," was a native of Bethany, Wayne County, where he was born in 1814. His father, Randall Wilmot, settled in Dimock township from Bethany about 1832, where he kept a store for some time, but subsequently removed to the shore of Elk Lake, and after- wards left the county. David Wilmot in early life evinced a great love for books, and, with the aids obtained from the library at Woodburne, became well-read in many of its most valuable volumes, and especially versed in those advoca- ting anti-slavery principles. He read law at Wilkes-Barre, was admitted to practice, and subsequently settled at Towanda, Pa. In 1844 he received the unanimous nomination of the Democracy of the Twelfth Congressional Dis- trict, comprised of Bradford, Tioga and Sus- quehanna Counties, afterwards known as the " Wilmot District," and was chosen by a large majority. In the Twenty-ninth Congress, which met in December, 1845, was consum- mated the annexation of Texas, and the " Wil- mot Proviso " provided that in any territory acquired from Mexico " neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of the territory, except for crime, etc." Mr. Wilmot was returned to Congress by a unanimous nomination and re-election in 1846, THE BENCH AND BAR. 79 the slavery question not entering into the can- vass. In 1850, having received the nomina- tion from his party, the pro-slavery branch of the Democracy set about defeating his return to Congress, whereupon Mr. Wilmot at once offered to give way to any man who should be chosen that would represent the principles for which he had so long and earnestly labored, and, accordingly, Hon. Galusha A. Grow, of Susquehanna County, was named, accepted and elected. Under the provisions of the amend- ment to the Constitution making the judiciary elective, Mr. Wilmot was chosen president judge of the judicial district comprised of Bradford and Susquehanna Counties in 1851, and presided on the bench until 1857, when he resigned, and became the candidate of the Re- publican party for Governor. He was defeated by William F. Packer, through the treachery of the Conservative and Know-Nofhing leaders, and was restored to his place on the bench, by appointment, in place of Judge Bullock, who had been appointed to fill the vacancy caused by his resignation. Judge Wilmot was re- elected to fill the place, and served until he was elected to the United States Senate, where he took his seat on March 18, 1861, thereby filling the vacancy caused by the selection of Gen. Simon Cameron, by President Lincoln, to be Secretary of War. At the conclusion of his Senatorial term he was appointed by President Lincoln a judge of the Court of Claims, which office he held up to the time of his death, March 16, 1868. David Wilmot obtained a world-wide reputation by his historic " Wilmot Proviso,'' and honored the district that he rep- resented. He believed in tariff for revenue, and made powerful speeches in advocacy of that doctrine in Congress. He was fearless and outspoken in his opposition to the extension of slavery in the Territories, and by his powerful and persuasive eloquence on the stump carried the district with him, changing it from a strong Democratic to a Republican district, which Hon. G. A. Grow represented with credit to himself and the district for a number of terms, carrying out the views of Mr. Wilmot. Hon. Farms B. Streetee was born in Harford township September 24, 1819. His father, Dr. Joseph B. Streeter, a native of Con- necticut, settled in the township in 1812, where he practiced medicine nearly half a century and died at an advanced age. Farris B. was next to the eldest of six children and was educated at the district school, Harford Academy (an institution then just opened by Preston Rich- ardson) and at Clinton Liberal Institute, Clin- ton, N. Y. After teaching at Harford Academy for about one year he commenced reading law with Hon. George W. Woodward, of Wilkes- Barre, and finished his course with Davis Dimock, at Montrose, and was admitted to the Susquehanna County bar at April term, 1841, where he continued the practice of law until his appointment as judge. He won his way to honorable distinction as a lawyer in competition with some of the most eminent men who have graced the profession in the county. He was appointed district attorney by the Governor in 1843 and held the office until 1847. In the fall of 1848 he was elected State Senator from the district composed of Bradford, Susque- hanna and Wayne, and served one term of three years. In the summer of 1853 he was appointed solicitor of the treasury, at Washington, by President Pierce, which position he resigned at the beginning of Buchanan's administration. Disapproving of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the whole policy of the adminis- tration in its dealings with Kansas, he severed his connection with the Democratic party and became a Republican. In March, 1865, on the resignation of Judge Mercur, Governor Curtin appointed him president judge of the Thirteenth District, composed of Bradford and Susquehanna, and he was elected the following fall for a full term. After Susquehanna County became a separate judicial district (the Thirty- fourth) he was elected president judge thereof in the fall of 1875 for the term of ten years. He resigned August 14, 1877, to take effect the 20th inst, but before the expiration of that time, Sunday, August 19th, death closed his earthly career. In all the relations of life he was an amiable and accomplished man, of tender sensibilities and a kind heart. Modest and unassuming in deportment, he was firm and unyielding in the 80 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. discharge of duty and in the maintenance of his natural convictions. Cautious and safe as an adviser, fluent and entertaining as a speaker, calm, candid and forcible as an advocate, he commanded the confidence of the jury and enlisted the attention of the court. In a reso- lution drafted by a committee composed of W. H. Jessup, Franklin Frazer, J. B. McCollum, W. W. Watson and E. L. Blakeslee his charac- ter as a judge is summarized in the following resolution : "That in the discharge of his official duties his well-considered decisions were the result of an im- partial and thorough investigation ; always cautious, he was slow to act when he feared injustice might be done, and in acts of discretion ever ready to follow the leadings of the moral sense of the community; affable and courteous, he still always maintained a true dignity, and while justice was ever administered with firmness, it was so kindly done as to impress all that it was for the highest good." His only child, Harry Streeter, is a practicing lawyer at Towanda, Bradford County, Pa. Paul Dudley Morrow, son of John Morrow, a farmer who settled at Wilmot, Bradford County, in 1823, was born February 17, 1828. He attended the common schools, and was a teacher for two winters. In 1846 he entered Harford Academy, where he prepared for college. He entered Hamilton College in 1848, from which he graduated in 1852. Hav- ing read law in the senior year under Professor Dwight, he entered the law-office of Ulysses Mercur, at Towanda, and was admitted to the bar September term, 1853. He was elected district attorney of Bradford County in 1856, and appointed additional law judge of the Thirteenth District, which was composed of Bradford and Susquehanna Counties, March 1, 1870. He was elected to the same office the following fall for ten years. After the new Constitution went into effect, in 1874, Bradford and Susquehanna becoming separate judicial districts, Judge Morrow remained in Bradford and Judge F. B. Streeter resided here. In 1879 Hamilton College conferred the degree of LL.D. on Judge Morrow. In 1880 he was re-elected president judge of Bradford. He occasionally comes to Montrose to try causes in which Judge McCollum is interested. Hon. William H. Jessup, son of Hon. William Jessup, was born at Montrose Feb- ruary, 1830, and was graduated at Yale Col- lege in the class of 1849. He came home and entered as a law student in his father's office. The year following his graduation he taught the Montrose Academy, and was admitted to the bar November 17, 1851. His father took him into partnership, under the firm-name of William & William H. Jessup. Judge Jes- sup had a wide reputation and an extensive practice in Susquehanna, Bradford, Wayne, Pike and Wyoming Counties. William H. first had charge of the Pike County practice. From this time he gradually took charge of his father's practice, and has been retained in im- portant cases in a number of the adjoining counties. His father was counsel for several railroad companies, and he is counsel for the Erie Railway, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, Delaware and Hudson Canal Company and Montrose Railway, besides hold- ing several important trusts, the most exten- sive of which is the trusteeship of the Joseph Fellows estate. August 7, 1863, he was ap- pointed assessor of the Twelfth Internal Reve- nue District, comprising Luzerne and Susque- hanna Counties, to succeed his father, who had resigned, having been appointed by Lincoln the year previous. He held this office until 1865, when Andrew Johnson appointed A. J. Gerrit- son to succeed him. May 11, 1871, Governor Geary commissioned him major-general of the Tenth Division of the National Guard of Pennsylvania, comprising the counties of Sus- quehanna and Wayne. Upon the death of Judge Streeter, which occurred in August, 1877, General Jessup was appointed presiding judge of the Thirty-fourth District, a position which he held for about sixteen months, until January, 1879. After his successor was chosen he immediately resumed law practice in connec- tion with his brother, Huntting C. Jessup, Esq. January 1, 1885, he established a law-office in Scranton in partnership with Isaac J. Post, which continued until Mr. Post died, July 10, 1885. He then associated his son, William H. Jessup, Jr., and Horace C. Hand in partnership with him. He has an extensive corporation wm s ^hyAKBU^^- THE BENCH AND BAR. 81 and general practice in Lackawanna County ; also at Montrose, where his family still reside. Judge Jessup is an able lawyer, studious, and a good speaker. He is a man of restless energy and force ; one of those nervous organizations whose mind can never remain idle. In manner brusque and business-like, he impresses you as one who has no time to waste on the common foibles of life. He is a good corporation law- yer and special pleader. He prepares his cases with care, using great diligence in legal re- search. During the trial of a cause he is alert and ready with objections to his opponents' •questionings; still, he is straightforward in pre- senting a case, trying it upon its merits, without recourse to politic allusions to matters outside •of the main issue for the purpose of prejudicing the jury. He does not become all things to all men in order to win the jury, but relies wholly upon the soundness of his legal positions, which he fortifies by an extensive array of precedents and the justness of his cause, which he presents with frankness and candor. These qualities of Judge Jessup impel his contemporaries to admit that he is one of the fairest men at the bar to try a case against, as there is no danger of any side-issue that does not pertain to the case, or jury-fixing at his hands. Mr. Jessup is an active member of the Presbyterian Church and Sunday-school at Montrose, and is esteemed as a conscientious Christian man. He married Sarah W. Jay, of Belvidere, New Jersey. Their children are Lillie, wife of Albert Lei- senring, William H. Jessup, Jr., Mary, George, Louisa and Ann. Hon. J. Brewster McCollum was born in Bridgewater township September 28, 1832. He worked on the farm and attended district school until he was seventeen. He attended Harford Academy more or less from 1849 to 1853, and subsequently the State National Law School at Poughkeepsie, where he graduated with the degree of LL.B. He returned to Montrose and read law with R. B. Little, Esq., and was admitted to the bar at August term, 1853. He immediately went to Geneva, the ■county seat of Kane County, 111., and entered the law-office of Wm. B. Plato, an old practi- tioner, under a salary, where he remained about 6 one year. He returned to Montrose in 1856, and in August of that year, in company with A. J. Gerritson, purchased the Montrose Dem- ocrat. They conducted the paper until January 1, 1858, when McCollum sold his interest to Gerritson. He then formed a partnership with Nahum Newton in law practice, which lasted about two years. He next formed a partner- ship with Daniel W. Searle, which continued until Mr. Searle entered the army, in August, 1862. Mr. McCollum had an office over Dessauer's store at that time, and continued alone until November, 1867, when he formed a partnership with Albert Chamberlain, which continued until January 1, 1871, when Cham- berlain removed to Scranton to act as internal revenue collector. J. B. McCollum then as- sociated his brother, A. H. McCollum, with himself, which partnership was dissolved when the former was elected presiding judge of the Thirty-fourth District, composed of Susque- hanna County. Mr. McCollum took an active interest in politics when a young man, and acted as chairman of the County Committee and occasionally made speeches in the interest of the Democratic party. In 1859 he was the Demo- cratic candidate for district attorney. In 1861 he was nominated for State Representative, and in 1870 he was also nominated for Congress from Luzerne and Susquehanna, but, there be- ing a large Republican majority to overcome, he was defeated in each case. In 1877 he was nominated for presiding judge, and, notwith- standing the county is largely Republican, he was elected by one thousand two hundred and forty majority. Judge McCollum's practice as a lawyer had a steady growth until he was elevated to the bench. While in active practice he gave careful and conscientious attention to all matters that were placed in his hands. He pre- pared his cases carefully and tried them well. His arguments were concise and pointed ; sometimes, when pressed in a forensic contest, he was some- what sarcastic, but never without provocation. He impressed the jury with his candor by ad- mitting many facts in his opponent's favor, but he reasoned logically and contended earnestly for the main issue. Judge McCollum has a pro- found knowledge of the law, a discriminating 82 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. judgment and an equitable disposition — qualities which make him an exceeedingly fair and im- partial judge. In his charges to the jury he states the law clearly, comments upon the evi- dence fairly, and leaves the question of fact to the jury without indicating his opinion. These equitable qualities of mind command the respect and confidence of the Montrose bar and the gen- eral public, not only at home, but in other counties where he has been called upon to pre- side. "When Judge McCollum first took his seat on the bench the trial-list docket was loaded down with cases and the court business was about two years behind. The cases have been disposed of and causes can now be heard in a reasonable time. Judge McCollum is affable and courteous to all without affectation ; young and old alike find him a pleasant and companionable man. The confidence of the bar in his decisions is well shown by the fact that only twelve writs of error to the Supreme Court have been taken from Susquehanna County during the eight years that he has pre- sided, and the Supreme Court have reversed his decisions only twice in this district during that time. He married Mary Jane, daughter of Daniel Searle, and has two sons — Searle and Charles. Charles Catlin, son of Putnam Catlin, Esq., was admitted to practice in Susquehanna County in April, 1814, from Luzerne County, and became a resident a few years later. He built the house on the corner, across from the court-house, where Mr. Webb lives. He adver- tised lands for sale and did some business for several years, and finally went up to Buffalo or Rochester, and here we lose track of him. Charles Catlin, Almon H. Read, Benjamin T. Case and the artist, George Catlin, were the first resident lawyers. Probably George resided with his father a short time here, but his inclinations soon led him into the wilds of America in search of savages as subjects for his pencil and brush. James Catlin, the other brother, was a printer at Montrose a short time. Putnam Catlin, the father, was a lawyer, and in 1787-88, when Luzerne County Courts were organized, he was the attorney-general's deputy for Luzerne. He was also admitted here in 1813, but it does not appear that he ever practised law in Susque- hanna County. He was cashier of the Silver Lake Bank when it was first organized, treas- urer of the Milford and Owego Turnpike for seven or eight years, agent for the Wallace lands, and, generally speaking, a prominent man in the early affairs of the county. His wife was Polly Sutton, a daughter of one of the early Wyoming Valley settlers. Benjamin T. Case, son of Captain Benja- min Case, was born in Newburg, N. Y., about 1786. He was educated at Newburg Academy, and read law in the same office with William H. Seward and Martin Van Buren, and was admitted to the bar when he was only about twenty years of age. He came to Great Bend with his father in 1808. After a few years his father removed to Warren, Pa., where Benja- min T. married Anna Coburn, and returned to Susquehanna County and located at Montrose in 1816. May 5, 1817, he was admitted to the Montrose bar, and was one of the first resident attorneys in the place. Mr. Case was a surveyor also, and was employed by Henry Drinker, Dr. Rose, Mr. Cope aDd other large land-holders to look after their real estate interests in Sus- quehanna Count}'. He soon became one of the best land lawyers in this part of the State, and had a better knowledge of land titles than any other man in the county. He was secretary of the Owego Turnpike Company for some time, and tried to correct the route and not run the road over all the high hills, but the road was too well established to admit of much change. Mr. Case had an extraordinary memory, and could quote a page of law after reading it once. He was a man of rough exterior, and did not attempt to make an impression by any rhetorical flourish or high-sounding eloquence; yet he was a man of more feeling than appeared on the surface. He was very accurate as a con- veyancer, taking great care to leave no defect in the title. He was a man of ability, and some- what eccentric. He died in 1862, aged seventy- six. He had four sons and two daughters. The sons were William, Charles, Frederick and Ben- jamin, all of whom are now dead. Hon. Franklin Lusk was born in the State of New York in 1803, and was graduated THE BENCH AND BAK. S3 at Union College. Daniel S. Dickinson and he read law together in the same office. About 1828 he came to Montrose, and finding it neces- sary to do something to supply his pressing needs, he taught in the Montrose Academy two winters. January 31, 1831, he was admitted to the Susquehanna County bar, and that same year he married Jane A. Niven. Their only son is William D. Lusk, Esq. In 1840 Col. Lusk represented his district in the Legislature. He was colonel of militia for a number of years. He took Ealph B. Little into partner- ship at Montrose, under firm-name of Lusk & Little. He also had an extensive practice at Honesdale, in Wayne County, which he con- ducted in connection with F. M. Crane, Esq., then a young man, under firm-name of Lusk & Little. He was one of the best scholars at the bar, and a fine orator on the stump or before a jury. He was a man of fine presence and ex- ceedingly brilliant and effective before a jury. He was forceful and aggressive, storming the argumentative barriers of his opponents, carry- ing the war into their own camp regardless of consequences. These qualities rendered him successful as an advocate. During the last few years of his life he lived on a farm at Great Bend. He died in February, 1853, and was buried in the family burying-ground on his farm. Hon. Davi8 Dimook, Jr., son of Elder Dimock, was born September 17, 1801, and educated at the Susquehanna County Academy. He read law with Benjamin T. Case, Esq., while he was editor of the Susquehanna Regis- ter, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. He was appointed county treasurer in 1834, and was elected to Congress in 1840, and died be- fore his term expired, in January, 1842, when he was just in the prime of manhood, being but thirty-eight years of age. Mr. Bidlack, in the House, and Mr. Buchanan, in the Senate, paid tributes to his worth. Mr. Buchanan said " that he acted well his part in all the relations of life. His judgment was excellent, and un- der its dictates his course through life was steady, honest and consistent." He married Lydia M. Ward, and left four daughters, — Sarah, wife of D. R. Lathrop ; Anna, wife of William L. Cox ; Frances, wife of Charles Gee, of Chicago ; and Victoria A. Dimock, of Washington. John H. Dimock, son of Elder Dimock, was born October 30, 1815, and was educated at Susquehanna Academy. While at Harris- burg, as principal of the academy, he com- menced reading law. He also read with his brother, Davis, at Montrose, where he was admitted to the bar August 19, 1844. He was the first elected district attorney in 1850. He became a land speculator in the West, and died at Chicago. Almon Heath Re^d 1 was born at Shel- burne, Vermont, June 12, 1790. He remained at home with his father, working on the farm, until seventeen years of age. He then entered Williams College, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1811. During his collegiate course, on one of his visits home, he gave his views on politi- cal affairs, favoring a Democratic policy ; and his father, a stern old Whig, threatened that unless he gave up his Democratic notions, he would take him from college and set him to work on the farm. It appears, however, that after his graduation he studied law for two years in Albany, where his political notions were not disturbed. In 1814 he was drafted into the military service, just before the battle of Plattsburg, and arrived there the day after the battle; his company was disbanded, and thus suddenly ended his military career. Soon after, he left his home in Vermont, on horseback, with a pair of saddle-bags and a few dollars in his pocket, for the State of Ohio — then the far West — where he expected to settle. But, on reaching Mott's tavern, on the old New- burg turnpike, in New Milford township, the roads were nearly impassable, the mud being knee deep to the horse. He learned that one of his young associates, Col. Wm. C. Turrell, had settled a few miles south of Montrose, and he concluded to turn aside from his route and spend a few days with him, hoping the roads would im- 1 He was often called the "honest lawyer," from the fact that he was never known to engage in a case for a client unless he honestly thought him in the right ; and always discouraged the petty litigation so preva- lent at the present day. 84 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. prove, and that he might then proceed on his journey. On reaching Montrose, which was then a new county-seat — the first court having been held the year previous — he was prevailed upon to re- main, and was offered the position of clerk to the county commissioners. He applied for ad- mission to the bar of Susquehanna County ; but the only settled (?) lawyer then in practice here objected, as he had not pursued the requisite course of study in accordance with the rules of Pennsylvania courts. He was therefore com- pelled to enter his name as a student in the office of Judge Scott, of Wilkes-Barre. Very soon after, the objection was withdrawn, and he became a regular practitioner. In 1816 Mr. Read married Miss Eliza Cooper, of Southampton, Long Island, and then settled permanently in Montrose, where he prosecuted his profession 1 (at the same time holding the office of county clerk from January 1, 1815, to January 1, 1820), and became much interested in the progress and growth of the town. He took a lively interest in the estab- lishment of the academy, and later, when the temperance movement was first agitated, he be- came one of its warmest supporters. It does not appear that he took any promi- nent part in politics until about 1827, when he was elected as Representative. In 1828 he was not a candidate, but was elected in 1829, '30, '31 and '32. In 1833 he was elected State Senator and served for four years. He was soon after elect- ed State treasurer, which office he held one year, and was then elected a member of the conven- tion to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania. He took a prominent part in this convention. After its close the chairs occupied by the mem- bers were sold at public auction. The oue used by Mr. Read was sold for fourteen dollars (be- ing the first choice), and the remaining one hundred and thirty-one seats for prices varying from three to ten dollars. Soon after he accepted an invitation of the citizens of Erie County to a banquet at Erie, and they there presented him with a beautiful oak 1 Blackmail's " History." cane, having upon it six silver plates bearing the following inscription : " Presented by the Democratic citizens of Erie County, to Almon H. Read, for his distinguish- ed services in the Convention to reform the Con- stitution of Pennsylvania. "Commodore O H. Perry's Victory, Lake Erie, September 11, A.D. 1813. " ' We have met the enemy and they are ours.' " Taken from the Flag-ship Lawrence, August 4, A.D. 1883." His name was sent by Gov. Porter to the Senate as president judge of one of the west- ern judicial districts of the State ; but the Senate being equally divided between the Demo- crats and Whigs, the vote was a tie, and his nomination was not confirmed. In March, 1842, he was elected to Congress to fill the unexpired term of Hon. Davis Dimock, Jr.; and in the fall of 1 842 he was re-elected for the years 1843 and 1844. In October, 1843, his wife died, after a short illness ; and soon afterwards, whilst on his way to Washington, he took a severe cold, which terminated in con- sumption, and which, during that session, pre- vented him to a great extent from participating in its deliberations. Even his political enemies esteemed him a pure legislator. During his sickness at Washington, in order to show his regret at having been a politician, he said to his son : " Never accept an office from the people. I have always been successful whenever my name came before the electors, for fifteen years, never having been defeated, and all I have ever received as compensation is this (holding up his Erie cane), and a few newspaper puffs ; leaving my family in a far different position from that which they probably would have held had I pursued my profession." He died June 3, 1844 in the fifty-fourth year of his age. Mr. Read was a Democrat of the old school, as opposed to the Whig party. Ralph B. Little, Esq., was born January 21, 1816, in Delaware County, X. Y. When he was about eight years old his parents moved to Bethany, then the county-seat of Wayne. He made the most of the limited opportunities which that small town then afforded for obtain- THE BENCH AND BAR. 85 ing an education. He studied Latin and Greek under the instructions of Rev. Alexander Campbell, the Presbyterian clergyman of the place, and the natural sciences under Dr. Strong. When about eighteen he commenced to read law with Earl Wheeler, at Bethany, and subse- quently removed to Montrose with his parents and entered the law-office of B. T. Case, Esq., where he continued his law studies and was and untiring and persevering industry as a student he became an able advocate at the bar and a formidable opponent. What he deemed right in law, politics, or anything else, he had the undaunted courage to stand up and advocate or defend, regardless of denunciation or opposi- tion from any source ; and men of prudence took issue with him with caution, and those who lacked care in their contests with him were ^p* ^w.' ^a.^t. admitted to the bar of Susquehanna County November 23, 1836. Mr. Little was studious in early life, a habit which continued throughout his career. His great ambition was to achieve success as a lawyer, and he bent all his energies to the accomplishment of that object. During his entire brilliant legal career he made and kept at hand a short memorandum of all the decisions of the Supreme Court of this State, commencing with 1st Binney and ending with 28th Smith. Mr. Little was endowed by nature with a superior intellect, and by the practice of strictly moral and temperate habits doomed to disaster and defeat. As a speaker his style, in the use of language, was rich, without ornament, natural, bold and concise, with a wonderful facility in the selection of the fittest words to express every shade of thought. His memory was a perfect store- house of legal authorities, which, with his easy and vigorous style of elocution, made him an advocate of uncommon power, whether before courts or juries. He was the leader of the bar in his time, at Montrose, and commanded the attention of the Supreme Court whenever he advocated a case before them. With all his 86 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. peculiar gifts, there was one of which he himself seemed scarcely conscious, which was not always a source of gratification even to his friends. This was an aptitude for indulgence, upon ■occasions of sharp and heated controversy, in a vein of sarcasm so keen as to inspire resentment, yet so adroit as to render resentment powerless for reprisals. Naturally enough, some sores so created were slow to heal ; but this sarcastic method was only used under the spur of excite- ment in his professional zeal. Socially, his manner was eminently kindly and agreeable — sometimes thoughtful and pre-occupied, but never offensive. During the first few years of his manhood he acted with the so-called Liberty party — when that party failed to put a ticket in the field he generally voted with the Democratic party ; and during the last fifteen years of his life he was an active and leading member of the Demo- cratic party, not as an office-seeker, but from principle. He was the choice of the Democ- racy of Susquehanna County for Congress in 1868, and was the candidate of that party for presiding judge against F. B. Streeter. Mr. Little was at first a member of the Baptist Church, and during the last years of his life he was a Methodist. His pastor said of him : " Both in the Baptist and Methodist Church, he was granted license to preach as occasion might afford or demand, which permit he improved quite frequently to the edification and profit of the people. His religion was not in name or mere profession. In this, as in everything else, he manifested a distaste for mere assump- tion or announcement. He sought the reliable, the assurance in his own experience, and he prized it in others. The ostentatious and ex- ternal to him were secondary. The real spirit was all in all. Modest, retiring, humble him- self, he was attracted by the same in others." In his family Mr. Little was the same pure and sincere man as in all the other relations of life. In 1840 he married Phila Ann, one of the daughters of David Post, of Montrose, who sur- vived him about one year. Their children are George P., David and one daughter — Mary — wife of Dr. E. L. Blakeslee, all residents of Montrose. George Little, father of Kalph B. Little, married Mary Estabrook and was the ancestor of the several families of that name now re- siding in the counties of Susquehanna, Brad- ford, Wyoming and Columbia, and also of one located in Illinois ; George H, the eldest son, having located at Leraysville, Ralph B. at Mon- trose, William E. at Joliet, 111., Robert R. at Tunkhannock, Ephraim H. at Bloomsburg, and Mary E., widow of S. S. Grover, deceased, now resides in Florida. Ralph B. Little died January 26, 1877, aged sixty-one years. Hon. Philip Fbaser, son of Dr. Charles Fraser, was born, January 27, 1814, at Mont- rose. He was graduated from Union College in 1836. He read law with William Jessup, and was admitted to the bar of Susquehanna County in 1837. He removed to Florida in 1841, and married a Spanish lady there. During the War of the Rebellion the Federal fleet came there, and the Unionists in the vicinity held a meeting, expressing their sentiments in favor of the Union. The fleet sailed away, and Mr. Fraser and some others found it prudent to leave the South for a time. He purchased a place at Elizabeth, ]S T . J., which his family still own. President Lincoln appointed him judge of the United States Court for the Eastern District of Florida in 1862, a position which he held until he died, July 26, 1876. He came to Montrose on a visit, and died at his old home. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church of Elizabeth, X. J., where he was bur- ied. He wrote some poetry. One poem, en- titled " Evermore," though written two years before his death, was, by a singular coincidence, published at the time of his death, and was considered as being almost prophetic of his death. Hon. Franklin Fraser was born at Montrose April 23, 1819. He was graduated at Union College, and read law with William Jessup, and was admitted to Susquehanna County bar in April, 1842. He was a man of varied information. There was hardly any subject, no matter how obscure, that he did not know something about it. He was a better office lawyer than before the court and juries. He was slow in forming an opinion, but when , THE BENCH AND BAR. 87 once formed he held to it with tenacity to the end. He went to Florida to assist his brother, and became register in bankruptcy, and finally became one of the three Supreme Court judges of the State. He resigned and returned to Montrose, and died suddenly November 10, 1879, just as he was preparing a case for court. He married Jane B. Clark, of Elmira, and had one daughter, Fannie, a school-teacher. Joseph T. Richards, son of Daniel and Lydia Richards, read law with William Jessup, and was admitted to the bar May 8, 1838. He practiced law at Montrose for about twelve years, in partnership with B. S. Bentley a por- tion of the time. He was a well-read lawyer, and accurate in office-work. He went to Cali- fornia for his health, by way of the Isthmus of Panama. Here he contracted a fever. He partly regained his health, and formed a part- nership with Judge John H. McKune, a former student of Bentley 's. The partnership had been in existence only two weeks when they were burned out in the great fire that occurred at Sacramento, escaping only with his life, in his night-clothes. The exposure and excitement inci- dent to this calamity soon terminated his life. He died in 1852. His wife was Anna M., daugh- ter of Benjamin Sayre. His son, J. T.Rich- ards, read law with W. A. Crossmon, and was admitted to the bar Nov. 11, 1872. He prac- ticed law at Philadelphia, and was connected with the fast mail service for a number of years. He died recently. Lieut. Benjamin S. Richards is a naval officer, and was present at the great earthquake at St. Thomas Island, when the ship was set on beam's end. Hox. Willam J. TrjRRELL was born March 1.3, 1814, in Litchfield County, Conn. He came to Montrose with his parents in the spring ■of 1816, and learned the trade of saddle and harness-maker with his father, William Turrell, working at that business until he reached his majority. He is remembered as a young man of correct habits, and possessing excellent men- tal endowments. After attaining the age of twenty-one he entered the office of Rev. A. L. Post as a law student, and while thus engaged he became a Christian and united with the Baptist Church, of which he remained an earn- est and faithful member until his decease, Au- gust 31, 1881. After being admitted to the bar he became the law partner of Mr. Post, and continued a member of this law-firm until Mr. Post gave up the law for the Gospel minis- try, when he assumed control of the whole business. His business was done in a quiet, unostentatious way, but it led generally to suc- cess and finally to a competence. In 18G2 he was elected Republican State Senator without opposition, to represent the Fourteenth District, then comprising Bradford, Wyoming and Sus- quehanna Counties. He took an active part in the councils of the commonwealth, and through those trying years of her history acquitted him- self nobly and well. His kindness to soldiers and their families is still gratefully remembered by many. In 1865, the last year of his term as Senator, he was chosen Speaker of that body, — an honorable position and at that time a very important one, as the Speaker of the Senate would then have been called to be Governor had that office become vacant. He was a mem- ber of the convention to amend the State Con- stitution, which met December 27, 1873, and served through the long session of one hundred and eight days, taking a very active part and addressing the convention on important ques- tions about one hundred and fifty times. When called upon to preside as master in Chancery his work ranked with the best and f superior dignity is said to have not been highly appreciated by Judge Mercur; but inough, Judge Mercur was elevated to the erne bench in Pennsylvania, and died in , while chief justice of the State; but her Wright ever congratulated him, the r cannot say. mes E. Caemalt, son of Caleb Carmalt, riendsville, was born May 11, 1840. He ned his education at Haverford and Alex- a. He read law with Judge Streeter and arvard Law School, and was admitted to ar April 3, 1865. He was elected district aey. in 1871. He practiced law at Mon- about ten years, until his mother's death, he returned to Friendsville to superintend re farm. He has been active in promoting Susquehanna County Agricultural Society, las given considerable attention to stock- ig. In 1880 he removed to Scrantou and red in law practice four years. During time he helped organize the Lackawanna ty Agricultural Society, and acted as direc- id treasurer one year. In 1884 he returned iendsville, where he now resides. Hon. Monroe J. Lareabee. — His great- grandparents were Stephen and Polly (Nims) Larrabee. The former was born in Montague, Franklin Co., Mass. He was a farmer, and subsequent to his marriage he moved to Dum- merstown, Vt., where he died. His son Vera- nous (1788-1869), known as "Colonel" Larra- bee, was born in Massachusetts. He married Lucy Bennett, and in 1831 immigrated from Vermont, and settled in Jackson, where he purchased a farm. They had children— Veranous (1809-63) went to the State of Texas when a young man, married and resided there until his death ; Lorenzo D., 1810; Emory B., 1811 ; Aden B., 1817 ; Benjamin F., 1823 ; Charlotte, 1813, married for her first husband Calvin Dix — is now the wife of Major Asa Hammond, of New Milford; Roxanna, 1819 (now deceased), was the wife of Sabin Barrett, of Jackson ; Permela, 1825 (now deceased), was the wife of Jasper Savory, of " Savory Corners " (now Lake View). All the children were born in Dum- merstown, Vt., and all came to Jackson with their parents. The farm that Colonel Larrabee purchased upon coming to Jackson was near what is known as the " Bartlett Farm." This he afterwards sold, and bought a place near Jackson Corners, now owned by Dr. Wheaton. The latter part of his life he and his wife lived with their daughter, Mrs. Calvin Dix, where he died. After his death his widow re- sided, until her decease, with another daughter, Mrs. Sabin Barrett. Emory B. and Aden B. settled on farms in Jackson, where they still reside. Benjamin F. also settled in Jackson, but about twelve years ago removed to Broome Co., N. Y., where he is engaged in farming. Lorenzo D. Larrabee was born in Dummers- town, Vt., February 13, 1810. In 1831 he married Nancy P. Tenny (1810-64), a native of Vermont. About this time he came from Vermont to Jackson, and purchased an unim- proved tract of land, and commenced to clear and improve it. He made occasional visits to Vermont, but did not move his family to Jack- son until about 1835, when, having erected a log house, he brought them to his then wilder- ness home. He is a farmer, still residing in 96 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Jackson, which town has been his home most of the time since he came there, in 1831. Their children are Willard E. (1832-64) was a farmer in Jackson; Melvin V., 1834, a farmer of Jackson; Marshall (1837-66) re- sided in Ohio, and was a soldier of the late war in an Ohio regiment ; Monroe J., 1838 ; Tru- man G. (1841-64) was a member of Company D, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was dis- charged, afterwards re-enlisted, was captured and confined in Andersonville, afterwards sent to the prison at Florence, where he died ; Aden B. (1842-43) ; Lucy L., 1843, now residing in Massachusetts; Maria L. (1847-65). Monroe J. Larrabee was born August 4, 1838, in Jackson. His boyhood was the une- ventful life of a farmer's boy. The district school claimed his attention, but when old enough to assist on the farm he only had its advantages during the winter. He afterwards attended the graded school at Montrose, and also the Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, Pa. He taught a term of school at Thomson, Pa., and afterwards was engaged for one year selling fruit-trees, traveling most of the time in New York State and Canada. He was in a whole- sale grocery store in Boston for one year. But these pursuits were not congenial, and his in- clinations tending to a professional life, he commenced, in 1861, the study of law with Hon. Win. J. Turrell, of Montrose. But the Rebel- lion burst upon the country, and Blackstone was laid aside in response to the call for volun- teers. He enlisted as a private in Company A, One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, in October, 1862, and served until the company was mustered out, in July, 1863. Shortly after muster he was detailed as hospital steward of the regiment, and served most of the time in that capacity. (See history of Compa- ny A, One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylva- nia Volunteers, for company's service.) He afterwards re-enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Ninety-fourth New York Vol- unteers, and served to the close of the war. After the close of the war he resumed his stu- dies with Mr. Turrell, and was admitted to the bar in August, 1868. He immediately com- menced the practice of his profession at Susque- hanna, where he has successfully continued it to the present time, and has gained the reputation of an able lawyer and reliable counselor. He held the office of notary public for two terms, and has been attorney of the borough of Susquehanna. In politics he has always been a Republican, and active and zealous in aid of the success of his party by voice and vote. He was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1876, and served in the sessions of that body in 1877-78. In 1882 he was the nominee of the Republicans of the Twenty-sixth Senatorial District for Senator, and in 1884 received the Republican nomination in the county for Con- gress. In 1883 he married Kate L. Dennison, of Montrose, who had been a teacher for several years, and was teaching in the graded school at Montrose at the time of her marriage. Their children are Louise, born March 2, 1884, and Bessie, born July 3, 1886. B. O. Camp was born at Camptown, Brad- ford County. He obtained a very satisfactory education at Le Raysville Academy, in that county, and subsequently taught school winters and worked at the carpenter's trade summers five years, and then became a student at Wyo- ming Seminary two years. He taught school after that at Montrose and New Milford. He served in the army during the War of the Re- bellion, and became captain. He read law with Hon. J. B. McCollum and was admitted to the bar November 9, 1868. He devoted his time to law practice and attention to his real estate interests. Hon. Willottghby W. Watson, son of Walter Watson, was born in New Milford, Susquehanna County, Pa., October 6, 1842, and was educated at the public schools, Mont- rose Academy and State Normal School at Millersville, besides private study at home. He was principal of the New Milford school and was elected county superintendent of pub- lic schools in June, 1866. After serving two years and three months he resigned to devote himself to the profession of law. He read law with Hon. L. F. Fitch, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1868, and commenced prac- tice at Montrose. In November, 1874, he was elected to the State Senate for Susquehanna and '- £ CO \j, /SJa^e^^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 97 Wayne Counties, and served during the sessions of 1875 and 1876. In 1878 he received the county Republican nomination for Congress. He removed to Scranton in 1883, where he established a law practice. He is secretary and treasurer of the Moosic Mountain Coal Com- pany, also of the Moosic Mountain and Carbon- dale Railroad Company. Mr. Watson is an active and aggressive lawyer aud business man. He married Miss Annie M. Kemerer Novem- ber 26, 1868. Huntting C. Jessup, son of Judge Wil- liam Jessup, was born at Montrose February 18, 1843. He prepared for college at Mont- rose Academy and Cortland Academy, Homer, N. Y., and was graduated from Yale College in July, 1864. After he came home he entered the law-office of his father, but soon after en- listed in the army, where he served for about nine months, when he was discharged with the rank of first lieutenant. While in the army he married the daughter of Dr. Cobb, of Clarks- ville, Tenn. He was admitted to the bar No- vember term, 1868, and is associated with his brother in the practice of the law. He was judge advocate of the State militia at one time, and has been associated with other counsel in some important suits, — such as the Erie fore- closure cases, in connection with George G. Wal- ler, Esq.; also Thorn, Watson & Co. against the First National Bank of Montrose. Mr. Jessup is not only a well-read lawyer, but also a man of fine social characteristics, which has secured him a great many friends. Elbert L. Blakeslee is the son of Hiram Blakeslee, and grandson of Benjamin Blakeslee, one of the pioneers of Dimock. His mother was a daughter of Cyrus Whipple, of Bridge- water. He was born at Dimock May 25, 1843, and received his early education at the district school and at the Harford and Montrose Acad- emies. At this time the War for the Union was arousing the patriotism of the masses in the North, and young Blakeslee enlisted as a pri- vate and became corporal in Company H, Fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves. He served faithfully with his corps and was honorably discharged. He entered the Medical Department of Michigan University, at Ann 7 Arbor, and was graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1865. He successfully practiced medicine for three years at Brooklyn, and find- ing it unsuited to his taste, or inclination, he returned to Ann Arbor and entered the Law De- partment of Michigan University, where he remained one term, when he came to Montrose and completed his law studies with Hon. L. F. Fitch and R. B. Little. He was admitted to the bar in 1869, and became the junior member of the firm of Little & Blakeslee, and after the death of R. B. Little, his preceptor, the firm became Little & Blakeslee, subsequently Little, Blakeslee & Allen, now Blakeslee & Williams. Dr. Blakeslee is a man of culture and poetic inspiration, which manifests itself in the trial of a cause, when he warms up to the occasion in electrical flashes of eloquent and soul-stirring utterances. His generous nature is soon in sympathy with his client, although he be a criminal, and he advocates his cause with the same enthusiasm and energy as though he were convinced of his innocence. He is particularly strong as a trial lawyer. Alert and active in ex- amining witnesses, eloquent and impressive in ar- gument, Dr. Blakeslee stands second to none as a criminal lawyer at the Montrose bar. He was on the side of the prosecution in the O'Mara case and convicted him. He defended McCor- mick, who was convicted in the second degree. He also defended Frederick Warren for shoot- ing M. B. Wilson in Montrose, who was convicted in the second degree. He took a conspicuous part in the defense of N. L. Len- heim, the defaulting cashier of the First National Bank of Montrose. In fact, he has been retained on one side or the other in most of the important cases that have been tried re- cently at the Susquehanna bar. He is now en- gaged in the defense of Tiffany, who is indicted for murder. He has found that his knowledge of medicine has been of material assistance to him in the practice of law. Iu 1876 he was selected by the citizens of Susquehanna County and delivered the cen- tenial poem on the fair-grounds at Montrose. He is also an admirer of the beautiful scenery by which he is surrounded, and is having some of the romantic spots in Susquehanna County 98 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. painted for his parlors. His house is on the west side of the public avenue and his law-office is attached. He has a summer cottage, called Three Oaks, at Heart Lake, not far from Montrose, where he spends his summers with his family, which consists of a wife, the daugh- ter of R. B. Little, and one son, Elbert L. Blakeslee. Alexander H. McCollum was born in Bridgewater township in 1836, and was educa- ted under Lyman Richardson at Harford Academy. He read law with his brother, Hon. J. B. McCollum, and was admitted to the Sus- quehanna County bar August 9, 1869. He became a partner with his brother until he was elected judge. From January 1, 1879, to May 1, 1883, McCollum and Watson were in part- nership. The same day that Watson & Mc- Collum dissolved, the firm of McCollum, Searle & Smith was formed. Mr. McCollum is a good accountant and a good business lawyer. He is energetic and aggressive in the trial of a cause, working earnestly for his client's interest. The firm of which he is an active working member are doing a good business. In 1856 he married Philena Underwood. He has one son, Hugh McCollum. Captain Charles E. Lyman was born at Berkshire, Tioga County, N. Y., iu 1824, and removed with his parents to Great Bend in 1836. His father, Dr. Eleazer Lyman, was killed by his horse in 1845, and in 1846 young Lyman went into the western part of the State, having previously attended Franklin Academy, at Harford. He commenced reading med- icine with Dr. Stranahan, and subsequently read six months in Geneva. Returning to Potter County, he practiced medicine about one year with Dr. Rice ; thence he went to Pike Mills, where he was married, and registered in the law-office of Chapman & Boyle, of Ridgway In 1861 he enlisted in the army and was pro- moted to the second lieutenancy. A splinter from a rail which had been struck. by a cannon- ball broke his leg, and he was discharged. In September, 1864, he went out again as captain of Company H, Two Hundred and Third Reg- iment of Sharpshooters, and was present at the taking of Fort Fisher, where his son, Frank E., and his brother, Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Lyman, were both killed. After his discharge he went to Lock Haven, Clinton County, Pa., and read law with his brother, C. A. Lyman, and T. T. Abrams, and was admitted to the bar there in 1871, where he remained until 1880, when he returned to Great Bend after an ab- sence of thirty-six years, and was admitted to the bar of Susquehanna County. Eugene O'Neill was born in New York City May 29, 1851. His father was a practical printer and worked for D. Appleton & Co. In 1857 he purchased a farm in Auburn township, and his wife and family were there summers until 1861, when he moved there with his family. Eugene was educated in New York and at Montrose. He read law with Hon. J. B. McCollum, and was admitted to the bar April term, 1 875, being the first Catholic ' who read law and was admitted in the county. He was secretary of the Democratic County Com- mittee from 1872 to 1876, Democratic candi- date for district attorney in 1877, chairman of the County Committee in 1880-81, four times delegate to the State Convention, Susquehanna's choice for State Senator in 1 882, and was ap- pointed deputy collector of internal revenue for Bradford, Susquehanna, Sullivan and Wyoming in 1885. In 1879 he married Miss Lizzie Conway, of Chicago. He removed in 1877 to Susquehanna. Freeman I. Lott was born in Lenox town- ship September 25, 1847, and educated in the common schools and at Mansfield Normal School. He taught school about four years and read law with Little & Blakeslee. He was admitted to the bar August term, 1875, and elected district attorney in 1880, and again in 1886 he was elected to the same office. For six years, iu connection with Wm. M. Post, he has been counsel for the county commissioners, and drew the contract for the addition to the court- house. Charles N. Warner was born April 19, 1839, and educated at Montrose and West Point, where he was graduated in 1862. He was a captain in the regular army from 1862 to 1 Peter Byrne was the first Catholic admitted to the Susquehanna County bar in 1841 ; he afterwards moved to Scranton. THE BENCH AND BAR. 99 1872. During the Rebellion he was in the second Bull Run battle, also at South Mountain, Antietarn, Fredericksburg, Mine Run, Gettys- burg, Bristow Station and with General Wilson's cavalry force that raided the South. He read law with Little & Blakeslee, and was admitted to the' bar in November, 1875. He married Eliza Houston and has a family of five children. Matthew M. Riley, son of Martin Riley, of Susquehanna Depot, was born February 22, 1852. He attended the convent and public schools of his native town until he was ten years of age, when he was taken from school and put into the Erie Railway's shops by his parents, where he worked at the moulder's trade ; mean- while he persevered in his studies nights, thus acquiring a fair education, including some knowledge of the classics. He read law with M. J. Larrabee, of Susquehanna Depot, and also with the firm of Little & Blakeslee, of Montrose, and was admitted to the bar Jan- uary term, 1876. Being without means, he re- sumed work in the shop at his trade, but finally he turned his attention wholly to the practice of the law, during which time he had several partners : first, John S. Maginnis, who is now dead ; second, John S. Courtright, who is now practicing at Montrose, and C. A. A 7 an Wormer, who is now in Dakota. Mr. Riley built up a good practice, and was one of the rising young men of the Susquehanna County bar, when he sold out in 1886 to C. A. Warren, and removed to Ashland County, Wis. John S. Coukteight was born near Wilkes- Barre July 21, 1855, and was educated at the schools of Wilkes-Barre and Kingston. He read law with Hon. Henry M. Hoyt, of Wilkes- Barre, and D. W. Searle, of Montrose, and was admitted to the bar January term, 1876, and has an office in Searle's building. In 1877 he married Ella V., daughter of Azur Lathrop. He is one of the justices of the peace for Mont- rose borough. D. T. Brewster, son of Horace Brewster and grandson of Eldad Brewster, one of the pi- oneers of Bridgewater township, was born at the homestead farm February 8, 1853. He at- tended school at Montrose, and was graduated at Mansfield Normal School in 1873. He con- tinued his studies one year more in the post- graduate course of that school. He returned to Montrose and read law with Hon. L. F. Fitch, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1876. He has an office in " Phoenix Block." Samuel F. Lane, son of George W. Lane, one of the pioneers of Dimock township, was born August 31, 1834. He worked on the farm until he was twenty-four years of age, at- tending district school and the Montrose Acad- emy winters. He thus fitted himself for teach- ing, an avocation which he followed from 1858 until the breaking out of the Rebellion, in 1861. He enlisted as a private in Company A, First Pennsylvania Cavalry, and by subsequent pro- motions became a sergeant. He served three years and was honorably discharged. In the fall of 1866 he was elected sheriff of Susque- hanna County, and served for three years. He read law with Wm. D, Lusk, and was admitted to the bar in Jauuary, 1879. His office is in the Susquehanna County Legal Association's rooms, in the court-house. Hon. Watson T. Barnes was born in War- ren County, N. J., July 1 9, 1850. He obtained his education at Factoryville, Lackawanna County, Pa., and read law with Geo. P. Little, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1879. He has withdrawn from the active practice of law, and is now residing on a farm in Rush township. He was a member of the Legislature in 1883. B. L. Baldwin, son of Edmund Baldwin, was born at Montrose July 2, 1 850. He was educated at Montrose, and read law with W. H. Jessup. He was admitted to the bar August term, 1870, and was elected district attorney in 1874, and re-elected in 1877. His office is over the First National Bank. Miller S. Allen was born in Morris County, N. J., December 15, 1854. He at- tended the common schools in New Jersey, and had a few weeks' special instruction at Spring- ville. He also attended the public school at Montrose a short time. He read law with Little & Blakeslee, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1879. He was in partnership with Little & Blakeslee for two years, anoYwith Mr. Little for two years. He now has an office in 100 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Nichols' Block. Mr. Allen is one of the rising young lawyers of the Montrose bar. John M. Kelly, son of N. T. Kelly, was born at Owego, Tioga County, N. Y., in 1861. His father moved iuto Rush township August 6, 1866. John, being the eldest of six children, helped his father and did not attend school un- til B. E. James taught select school, which he attended twelve months and went to teaching school, after having attended school but twenty- three months altogether. His father had been a newspaper man, and assisted him somewhat in obtaining an education. He read law with Mc- Collum & Watson, and was admitted to the bar. George G. Watrous was born in Bridge- water June 24, 1847. He obtained his pre- paratory education at the Montrose Academy, and at the age of twenty-five entered the law- office of Fitch & Watson. He completed his law studies with Wm. J. Turrell, and was ad- mitted to the bar at the April term in 1879, and has practiced his profession here since. He was elected justice of the peace of the borough of Montrose in 1881, and by re-election is serving his second term. W. Nelson Barnes was born in Warren County, N. J., April 30, 1855. His parents shortly afterwards removed to Rush township, where he obtained his education at the district schools and at home. He also attended school at Montrose and taught school winters, — in all seventeen terms. He read law with Little, Blakeslee & Allen, and was admitted to the bar at August term, 1882. Mr. Barnes is only about three feet seven inches tall, and weighs one hundred pounds. He is undoubtedly the shortest lawyer in the State. He deserves great credit for his perseverance under difficulties in obtaining his education. He has an office in the brick block with D. T. Brewster, and de- votes himself principally to Orphans' Court practice. Edward R. W. Searle, son of Henry S. Searle, was born in Bridgewater township June 18, 1858. He attended school at Factory- ville and St. Mary's College, Montreal. He read law with Daniel W. Searle, and was ad- mitted to the bar of Susquehanna County August term, 1879. Edson W. Safford, son of Felix T. Saf- ford, was born in Brooklyn township April 11, 1857. He attended the common schools and Montrose Academy, and read law with J. B. and A. H. McCollum. He was admitted to the bar in August, 1880. He was district at- torney from 1884 to 1887. Andrew B. Smith, Jr., was born in New Milford township Nov. 30, 1857. He obtained his education at the schools of New Milford and at Haekettstown, N. J. He then attended law school at the University of Pennsylvania for two years, after which he entered the law- office of McCollum & Watson, and was admit- ted to the bar November term, 1880. David W. Brown was born in Lathrop township April 17, 1856. He obtained his education at Keystone Academy, at Factory- ville, and Madison University, at Hamilton, N. Y., where he was graduated in the class of 1882. He read law with Little & Allen, and was admitted to the bar at August term, 1885. Mr. Little having dissolved partnership rela- tions with Mr. Allen, prior to Mr. Brown's ad- mission to the bar, he entered into partnership with him, under firm-name of Little & Brown. Thomas J. Davis, son of T. R. Davis, was born in Clifford June 4, 1853. He was edu- cated in the common schools and at Kingston. He followed the avocation of teaching for six or eight years. He read law with Little & Blakeslee, and was admitted to the bar at August term, 1882. He was in partnership with Mr. Blakeslee for three years, and now has an office in Nichols' Block. William H. Jessup, Jr., was graduated at Yale College in the class of 1884. He read law with his father and uncle Huntting, and was admitted to Susquehanna County bar in April, 1886. He is associated with his father- in-law in practice at Scranton. William E. Williams was born January 1, 1861. He was graduated at Keystone Acad- emy, and was a student in the University of Virginia one year, after which he read law with McCollum & Watson, and was admitted to the bar in January, 1884, and in February, 1886, he formed a law partnership with Dr. E. L. Blakeslee. On November 7, 1886, he married THE PRESS. 101 Carrie Parkhurst, of Elkland, Tioga County, Pa. Richard J. Manning was born in Lenox township in 1860. He graduated at Keystone Academy, and attended Madison University, at Hamilton, N. Y., for two years, and St. Laurent College, near Montreal. He read law with Miller S. Allen, and was admitted to the bar January term, 1887, and removed to Susque- hanna. William D. B. Ainey, son of Dr. Ainey, of New Milford, was born April 8, 1864, was educated at Mansfield Normal School, and was two years at Lehigh University. He read law with E. L. Blakeslee, and was admitted to the bar, August term, 1887. CHAPTER X. THE PRESS. The Gentinel, a four-column folio, eighteen by twenty-two inches, was the first newspaper published at Montrose. It was published by Justin Clark, and the first number was issued February 20, 1816. Its motto was : " Here shall the press the people's rights maintain, Unawed by influence, undisturbed by gain." The editor certainly had ample room up here in the wilderness to cry out against wrongs of every description unawed by influence, and the gains were not so large that any one would be likely to offer to bribe him. There was no great cry against the wrongs of humanity in the paper, however; it was edited according to the old-fashioned plan of giving the larger part of the paper to the latest news from Europe, which was as fresh as the time it took a sailing- vessel to cross the Atlantic, a New York, Phila- delphia or New England newspaper to publish it, and slow coaches to carry these newspapers to Montrose, where it was reproduced as the latest news from Europe. Besides European news, it was not beneath the dignity of these pioneer newspapers to publish the messages of the Presidents and Governors, stilted essays on grave subjects ; and a superabundance of poetry, together with the advertisements, comprised the larger part of the matter found in the early newspapers here and elsewhere; consequently, the historian finds more of local history in the advertisements than elsewhere in them. All those local happenings which are written up with such minutiae of detail nowadays were almost entirely wanting in the early newspaper ; and personal mention was reserved for celebrated persons This newspaper, small as it was, each page being eleven by eighteen inches, was filled with news under great difficulties. In 1817 he begged his readers " to excuse the barrenness of the Gentinel, for he had received no papers by the mail." Alas ! no mail, no telegraph, no telephone and no idea of how to make local events interesting. No hunting stories, no early pioneer struggles for existence, no new arrival of settlers, all of which would have been a thousand-fold more interesting to us now, — all are deferred to far-fetched news ; but if he found it a difficult matter to fill his paper with news, it was still more difficult to get pay for it. In the spring of 1818 the Gentinel contained the following appeal from the editor : " Help me or I die ! For three months I have not received as much money from the whole of my patrons as the paper itself costs for one bare week." May 9, 1818, he changed the name of his paper, making the following announcement to his patrons : " This number terminates the Gentinel forever. The Montrose Gazette will be published at this office hereafter, the same day of the week as the Gentinel has been." The terms were $2.00 for one year and $2.50 if not paid within the year. December 15, 1821, Justin Clark announced that "his health had become so slender that longer to continue in the business would be injurious to himself and the public ; that he had sold to two worthy young men, James Catlin and George Fuller, in whom he had the firmest confidence." The politics continued the same as before — that is, Demo- cratic-Republican. Justin Clark was a lame man and went on crutches. He came from Cooperstown, N. Y., and probably returned to that place after he sold to Catlin & Fuller. He died shortly after leaving here, in 1822. Garner Isbell took 102 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the first paper that was printed at Montrose from the press, and he preserved the files for a number of years. His son, L. F. Isbell, a jew- eler at New Milford, has them now. Mr. Isbell was a cabinet-maker, and was an ingeni- ous man at almost every kind of mechanical work. He kept the presses in repair for years, and sometimes rendered other assistance in con- nection with the papers. He built a house just beyond where the rink now is, and subsequently moved into Bridgewater township, on the South road, where he died, aged about sixty. The first number of the Messenger was issued by Adam Waldie, who came here from Phila- delphia, June 24, 1820. This was a four-col- umn folio, of the same size as the Centinel. In his prospectus the editor says : " In politics the editor of the Messenger will strive to steer clear of all party distinctions. He professes no par- tiality for such artificial and invidious classifica- tions ; but since they do exist, he shall be so far impartial as to publish, with equal readiness, communications from either, only let the lan- guage be temperate and respectful, without which, be the writer whom he may, no commu- nication can be inserted." About the same time that Adam Waldie started his independent paper, some parties, supposed to have been Isaac Post and possibly Garner Isbell, published the Republican Reformer ; about the same time The Pennsylvanian, another campaign paper, dated at Dundaff, but really published at Montrose, was issued. Neither the Reformer nor the Pennsylvanian were issued beyond a few numbers. The second volume of the Messenger was named the Susquehanna County Herald. Aug. 3, 1822, Adam Waldie sold the Herald to 1 Samuel C. Wilson & Co. The new editor an- nounced that the Herald would partake more of a political character. It would support Demo- cratic-Republican principles. " 2 In 1823 the Montrose Gazette and Susquehanna County Herald were united, and the publication was continued three years by James Catlin. " In 1824 he edited and printed, also, The Repository , a, literary and religious semi-monthly magazine; and 1 Samuel C. Wilson is still living at Belfast, New York, aged eighty- two. He is a brother of Masoji Wilson. 2 Blackman's "History." in the fall of the same year he began to issue Elder Dimock's Christian Magazine. " Vol. I. The Christian Magazine, a monthly publi- cation, devoted to the public for general information. Published by Davis Dimock, pastor of the Baptist church, at Bridgewater. Montrose: printed by James Catlin, at the Gazette office. Commenced November 1, 1824, comprising thirty-two pages, about the size of this book, at $1 cash, or $1.25 in grain, flax or wool. " Vol. II. The same title, but issued semi-monthly, on eight pages, at 87£ cents cash, in advance ; $1 in grain, etc. " Vol. III. Baptist Mirror and Christian Magazine, etc. Printed by Dimock & Fuller, office of the Register, enlarged to three columns to a page, eight columns semi-monthly ; closed September 17, 1827." James Catlin, son of Putnam Catlin, and brother of George Catlin, the artist, married a sister of Benjamin Sayre and moved to the South. He died at Milton, Florida, in Novem- ber, 1847. " In 1824 George Fuller established and edited the Susquehanna County Republican ; the second year he was joined by S. C. Wilson. " December, 1825, both the Gazette and the Repub- lican were merged into the Register. "The Register was established by Davis Dimock, Jr., and George Fuller. After one year the name was changed to The Susquehanna Register, and was pub- lished three years longer by the same parties, who favored the election of Jackson ; George Fuller then withdrew, and D. Dimock, Jr., continued its publica- tion alone until January, 1831, when C. L. Ward became his partner. " The accession of Mr. Ward to the editorship was at a period of moment to popular education and the prosecution of the public works; and his best efforts were given to their promotion. " From the above time until March, 1836, he con- ducted the paper, being for the first two or three months the associate of Davis Dimock, Jr., and for the last fifteen having James W. Chapman in partnership. " In 1832-34 the paper had an additional title, the Northern Pennsylvanian. In 1S35 only the original name was used, but the following year the Northern Farmer was attached to it. " Mr. Ward sold out to D. Djmock, Jr., the firm- name becoming J. W Chapman & Co. until Septem- ber, 1833, when J. W. Chapman bought out D. Dimock, Jr., and it became a Whig journal." The, Susquehanna Register and Xorthem Farmer, in 1837, was a six column folio, each page being about fifteen by twenty-two inches. Its motto was : " The will of the people is the THE PRESS. 103 legitimate source, and the happiness of the people the true end of government." This paper was conducted by James W. Chapman alone through four volumes. " In 1841 he was joined by B. H. Mills, but after April, 1843, was again alone until 1856, when, for one year, Theodore Smith was his publisher and co- editor. "June, 1851, The Susquehanna Register establish- ment passed into the hands of John C. Miller, and April, 1852, it was published by Homer H. Frazier. " In 1854 H. H. Frazier and Theodore Smith were editors and publishers of the last volume of the paper. " January, 1855, its name was changed to the Independent Btpublican, C. F. Read, associate editor, with H. H. Frazier the publisher." Homer H. Frazier built up the Independent Republican until it had a large circulation. He gave particular attention to the local depart- ment, and made it one of the best paying news- papers in Northern Pennsylvania. In August, 1876, James P. Taylor bought the Independent Republican office. He enlarged the paper from a nine to a ten-column folio, the entire sheet being thirty by forty-nine inches. Mr. Taylor has also made a specialty of the local department. Its circulation is five thousand. We follow the history of the Independent Republican with short sketches of Christopher L. Ward and James W. Chapman, editors of the Register, and Homer H. Frazier and James P. Taylor, editors of the Independent Republican. Christopher L. Ward was boru in New Milford in 1807. He was studious in his youth and acquired, by study and reading, a fair edu- cation. The habits of industry early acquired never left him : " His diversions indicated the bent of his mind." From the school-boy to the printer-apprentice, and through the initiatory studies of his profession, he gathered many curious things, and delighted in arranging them appropriately ; and in later years this propensity led to his acquisition of a valuable library. With freedom from other demands upon his time, he might have made a success in the world of letters. In 1831 he became the partner of Davis Dimock in conducting the Susquehanna Register. He became editor at the time when the public-school law was being agitated, and he gave his best efforts to the promotion of that cause. He was a good writer ; but having a dis- inclination to enter political life, he severed his connection with the Register in 1836. He read law with William Jessup and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He removed to Towanda, Brad- ford County, shortly afterwards, and became president of the Atlantic and Great Western Railway, during its construction through Penn- sylvania, and through his instrumentality the means for its early completion were obtained in Europe. He was a well-read and clear- minded lawyer, but his multiplied business affairs took him from his profession, though he had been successful in it. He died at To- wanda, May 14, 1870, aged sixty-three years. Hon. James W. Chapman was born in what is now Brooklyn township (then Bridge- water, Luzerne County) May 7, 1804. His father was known as Joseph Chapman, Jr., and was a native of New London County, Conn. His grandfather, Captain Joseph Chapman, Sr., of the Revolution, came to Pennsylvania in 1798 and moved his family here in 1799. Joseph Chapman, Jr., married Betsey Leffing- well, of Norwich, Conn., in 1800. James W. Chapman's parents and grandparents were among the pioneers of Susquehanna County, and he had only the advantages of the very common schools of the backwoods, attending summers from five until nine years of age, and winter schools until in his sixteenth year, when he was employed to teach a small school ; he continued to teach from that time for ten years. He studied grammar and surveying without an instructor, at spare intervals while teaching and working on his father's farm. In 1833-34 he conducted the Mauch Chunk Courier. He returned to Montrose and joined C. L. Ward in the publication of the Susquehanna County Register, and from 1835 to 1851, either with others or alone, he conducted that paper. Mr. Chapman is a smooth writer, with a vein of humor that holds the attention. He wrote with care not to offend. Since his withdrawal from journalism he has devoted most of his time to surveying, which he commenced in 1824. He was appointed deputy, by the surveyor-general, in 1830, and served until he went to Mauch Chunk. He has served as county surveyor, by 104 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. election, since 1862, excepting a short time when he was associate judge. He served as transcrib- ing clerk of the State Senate in 1847. In 1850 he took the census of the eastern half of the county, and in 1880 took the census of the borough. In 1871 he was elected associate judge along with Judson H. Cook ; they were the last to act in that capacity in Susquehanna County, the office having been abolished by the Constitution of 1873. Mr. Chapman married, in 1844, Betsey Bisbee, who was born in 1825, being a daughter of Major Seth and Leah (Aldridge) Bisbee, of Lathrop. Their children, are Charles Miner, the late editor of the Tunk- hannoclc Republican, and Ella W., wife of S. L. Brown, a large oil jobber, of Wilkes-Barre. Homer H. Frazier was bora at Canton, Conn., December 21, 1822. Thomas Frazier, the founder of the family in America, came from Scotland to New York City at a date unknown to the family. His son Daniel married Abigail Holliday, and removed to Connecticut and set- tled on a farm. Their son Thomas married Deborah Selden Nott, a sister of the celebrated Samuel Nott, D.D., and Eliphalet Nott, D.D., for many years president of Union College, New York. Stephen N. (1793-1880), son of Thomas, married Abigail M. Case (1795-1885). Their children were George F., Stephen N., Homer H., Eliphalet W., John J., Charles H., Eliza M. and Cestus C. Homer H. married Caroline B. Birchard, of Montrose. The parents of Mrs. Frazier were Jesse Tracy (1802-53) and La- mira (Smith) Birchard (1803-72), married Jan- uary 22, 1828. Their children were Asher L. (1829-82), Harriet H. (1832-40), Caroline Brewster, born April 28, 1835, wife of H. H. Frazier, and Charles H, now in Philadel- phia. The Birchards were an old family from New London County, Conn. Jesse Birchard (1770-1840) and Harriet (Smith) first came to Susquehanna County in 1799, and located at Birchardsville, Forest Lake township. Their children were Asahel (1800- 35), Jesse T. and John S. A sister of Jesse Birchard married a Tracy, the father of Thomas H. R. Tracy, for many years superintendent of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. When about ten years of age H. H. Frazier's parents removed with their family to the State of New York, and after residing successively at Catskill, Cairo, Coventry and Colesville, at length located on a farm in Harmony township, Susquehanna County. Mr. Frazier was fond of agricultural pursuits, and at the same time a lover of books. His father spoke of him as a "wonderful boy, and very industrious." Owing to the moderate circumstances of his parents, his educational advantages were confined entirely to the district school and a select school of his older brother, George, at Windsor, N. Y. He sometimes assisted his brother in teaching, and afterwards taught a number of terms. He entered the law-office of Hon. B. S. Bentley at Montrose, April i, 1847, and was admitted to the bar August 21, 1848. For a time he was employed in J. T. Bichards' office, and subse- quently formed a partnership with F. A. Case. In the Susquehanna Register of April 29, 1852, John Miller, in his valedictory, speaks of his successor, Homer H. Frazier, as a ripe scholar and a writer of no ordinary merit. In his salutatory, Mr. Frazier speaks of himself as a Whig by education and by " conviction," and announced that if any one made personal as- saults upon him (with goose quill), that he should " let him alone severely." His first edi- torial was brief and modest, and his promises then made were well sustained. On the 4th of January, 1855, in connection with Hon. Charles F. Read, Mr. Frazier issued the first number of the Independent Republican, under the motto of " Freedom and right against slavery and wrong." For a short time (or until his removal to Scranton to establish the Seranton Republican) Theodore Smith assisted in the publication of the paper. During the campaign of 1856 Mr. Frazier was corresponding editor of the Scranton Republican. The circulation of the Register rose from seven or eight hun- dred under Mr. Frazier's twenty-four years' management to over five thousand. Starting with the organization of the Republican party, it was from the first, one of its able, earnest and efficieut organs. Passing through the trouble- some times of auti-slavery agitation, followed by the War of the Rebellion, perhaps few political editors were more candid and fair than Mr. &JMJl% THE PKESS. 105 Frazier. He gave particular attention to the local department, and made his paper of practi- cal value in its moral, literary and scientific character. Seldom absent from his post, the editor was faithful in the discharge of his duties, and the physical and mental strain upon his system eventually caused his death. In his intercourse with correspondents, patrons, em- ployes and others he was genial and pleasant. As a citizen he was beloved and respected by all classes for the rectitude and purity of his character. The paper which he edited is a monument of the best years of his life. In his domestic relations he was remarkably happy as husband and father. His children were Wini- fred, George H., Herbert R, Marion L. and Jesse B. Mr. Frazier died May 16, 1876, aged fifty-three years. Mrs. Frazier married again and resides at Montrose, the wife of Orlando Watrous. Theodore Smith commenced to learn the printer's trade in the Argus office, at Towanda. He came to Montrose and finished his trade with James W. Chapman, in the Register office. When H. H. Frazier took charge of the paper and changed the name to Independent Republi- can, he assisted its publication until he took a press from Montrose to Scranton and founded the Scranton Republican, with the understand- ing that the press should be returned to Mont- rose if the venture proved to be unsuccessful. The paper was started, as a campaign sheet, in 1856, during the Fremont canvass. It was a six-column folio, issued weekly. He sold it to F. A. McCartney, who had it about two years, when it came back into the hands of Mr. Smith andT. P. Alliger, who conducted it until 1864; then, after passing through a number of hands, Joseph Scranton purchased it, and established the daily Morning Republican in 1867. In 1864 Mr. Smith returned to Montrose, and again took the place of foreman (which had been filled by Wallace Lyons during his ab- sence) on the Independent Republican, where he is still actively employed. Mr. Smith has been forty-seven years in the business, and is one of the oldest printers actively engaged in the employment in the State. James P. Taylor was born 'at West Ches- ter, the county-seat of Chester County, Pa., July 8, 1843. Here he enjoyed the advantages of excellent public schools during his early boy- hood, and later finished his education at the West Chester Academy and at the State Nor- mal School, at Millersville, Pa. On the anniversary of his seventeenth birth- day he entered the printing-office of the West Chester Village Record, as an indentured ap- prentice, to learn the mystery of the " art pre- servative." Here he served a full term appren- ticeship of four years, leaving the office about a year after its expiration with a thorough and practical knowledge of the craft. The invasion of Pennsylvania by Lee, in 1863, occurred during his apprenticeship, and in response to calls for volunteers, he, with nearly the whole available force of the office, asked leave to go ; but the publisher positively refused permission, declaring that the office had already been so depleted of help by the enlistment of all the men, that the boys under his control must stay and keep the paper going. But the next morning found nearly all of them on the road to the front, they having resolved to test the quality of a different kind of " shooting-stick" than that found in a printing- office. Mr. Taylor joined an independent battery of light artillery, commanded by Captain George R. Guss. Many of the officers and men were from Col. Hyatt's Military School, then located at West Chester. Upon reaching Chambers- burg the battery was fully supplied with guns, horses and equipments. It remained in the field until the pressing exigency that called it to the defense of the State had ceased, when it proceeded to Harrisburg, and was mustered out, Mr. Taylor getting back to his case in the Village Record office early in September. In 1866, soon after leaving the Record office, he went West, as associate editor and one of the proprietors of the Daily Pantograph, at Bloom- ington, 111., the oldest and at that time the only daily paper in the city. Here he remained un- til November, 1870, when he severed his con- nection with the Pantograph and returned to Pennsylvania. A few weeks after his return East, at the 106 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. solicitation of Hon. William P. Miner, editor of the Record of the Times, he went to Wilkes- Barre, Pa., and connected himself with that paper. Shortly afterwards he, with Robert Morton, leased the paper from Mr. Miner for the period of two years. The new firm con- ducted the paper most successfully until the expiration of their lease, when Mr. Miner again assumed control, Mr. Taylor remaining as gen- eral manager and assistant editor. In 1873 the Daily Record of the Times, the first daily paper in the city, was established, and the first number bore his name as managing editor. In June, 1876, Homer H. Prazier, editor and proprietor of the Independent Republican, printed at Montrose, Pa., died. Mr. Frazier had been its editor and publisher for nearly twenty-five years, and the paper was recognized, wherever known, as one of the best weeklies in the State, having a circulation not exceeded by any paper in Pennsylvania outside the large cities. On the 1st day of August, 1876, Mr. Taylor, having purchased the Independent Republican establishment, relinquished his editorial duties at Wilkes-Barre to assume control of that paper as its editor and proprietor. Since assuming its editorial management, in 1876, the paper has received his personal and undivided atten- tion. Not only has it maintained its previous high standing and influence, but marked improve- ments have been inaugurated, materially in- creasing its circulation and usefulness. The paper has been enlarged from a nine-column to a large ten-column folio ; steam-power has been introduced, new machinery and presses have been added, with an entire renewal of material, and the office supplied with steam heating apparatus. A large percentage of the patrons of the Independent Republican being engaged in agri- culture, Mr. Taylor has always, without stint, endeavored to contribute to their welfare in every manner. His columns are largely de- voted to farm topics and general information to the agriculturist. For several years, among his endeavors to encourage and stimulate this important industry has been the annual gratui- tous distribution among his subscribers of new and superior varieties of seeds, and during the last five years he has been the means of intro- ducing, in this way, over twenty-five new varie- ties of potatoes, some of them proving of much value to the farmers. In 1885, as an encour- agement to farmers' boys to till the soil, he offered several money premiums to boys under a certain age who should raise the most corn from a given number of square feet of ground. Many boys entered the contest, and the result showed that the soil of Susquehanna County is not only fertile, but astonishingly productive; but the practical lesson in agriculture which " the boys received was the main object of Mr. Taylor's premiums. Since a boy of seventeen a printing-office has been his business-home, and his life since then has been spent in the printing, publishing and editing of newspapers. Mr. Taylor was married, April 16, 1873, to Miss Maggie D. A.yres, a daughter of Addis M. and Debbie R. Ayres, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Mrs. Taylor was born in Chester County, Pa., of which county her parents were natives. Mr. Taylor has two children, both daughters — Mamie S., born at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., April 5, 1875; Jeanette A., born at Montrose, Pa., November 27, 1877. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Montrose, and a member of the following- named societies : Masons (Knights Templar), Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Improved Order of Red Men and Grand Army of the Republic. In politics Mr. Taylor has always been a Republican, and the Independent Republican is the recognized Republican organ of the county. Mr. Taylor comes from good old Quaker stock, his ancestors all being natives of Chester County, Pa., and of the Quaker faith. His father, William W. Taylor, was born Septem- ber 22, 1818, the son of William H. Taylor (1779-1841) and Elizabeth Taylor (1781-182-3). He was married, January 23, 1844, to Hannah P. Pyle, daughter of James Pyle (1782-1825) and Elizabeth Pyle (1793-1833). She was born at Kennett Square, Chester County, Pa. ? THE PEESS. 107 September 24, 1820, and is a second cousin of the late Bayard Taylor, the author, traveler and poet ; her mother, Elizabeth Pyle (n&e Elizabeth Taylor), being a daughter of Jacob Taylor, brother of Bayard Taylor's father, John Taylor. In 1867 Mr. Taylor's father removed with his family to the State of Illinois. During his residence in his native county of Chester he was a prominent and successful carpenter, con- tractor and builder, and many of the prominent public and private buildings at the county-seat and throughout the county were erected under his supervision, as was also the Chester Creek water-works, that supplies West Chester with water. He has now retired from active business, and resides at Macomb, McDonough County, Illi- nois. The parents of James P. Taylor had eight children — five sons and three daughters — and the names of those now living, in the order of their birth, are James P., Charles W., Phoebe E., Bentley W. and Fred. E., all of whom, with the exception of James P. Taylor, are residents of McDonough County, State of Illinois. The Independent Volunteer was established at Montrose by Isaac Fuller, November 4, 1831, and continued ten months, when Asa G. Dimock bought the press and started the Democratic Volunteer, issuing only one or two numbers, when it was re-purchased by George & I. Fuller and "restored to Republican principles" and to the old name. The third volume was published first by George Fuller alone, and then by E. H. Easterbrooks ; the: fourth and fifth volumes by G. Fuller, and the sixth and seventh volumes by Fuller & Read. The eighth vol- ume began November, 1838, under the name of the Montrose Volunteer, C. F. Read, sole editor. The ninth volume was edited by Read & Tur- rell. May 21, 1840, Abel Turrell bought Read's interest and edited the paper alone until, May 27, 1841, the Montrose Volunteer and North Star appeared, with A. Turrell and J. H. Dimock as editors. September 8, 1842, Dimock sold to S. T. Scott. May 25, 1843, the thirteenth volume resumed the name of Montrose Volunteer, under the sole editorship of Mr. Turrell. January 25, 1844, Abel Turrell and George Fuller estab- lished the Northern Democrat in place of the Montrose Volunteer. The Democrat was of the same size and general appearance as the Volun- teer. It was a five-column folio, each page be- ing about fifteen by twenty-one inches. January 2, 1845, George Fuller sold his interest to I. N. Bullard. January 1, 1846, Mr. Turrell, who had been principal editor for about seven years, finally retired from the management and sold his interest to O. G. Hempstead. The paper was enlarged January 8, 1846, by Bullard & Hempstead to a six-column folio. Mr. Hemp- stead said that he had been a clergyman, but he pledged himself to know no man's religion. January 15, 1846, I. N. Bullard published his valedictory, and George Fuller announced that he had again purchased an interest in the paper. " Reader ! nothing in the annals of time has been more clearly demonstrated than the great truth that change is stamped on all things here below ; but in nothing have changes become more frequent recently than in regard to the proprietorship of this paper." He further said : " It is my design to make my present position a permanent one." But Mr. Fuller did not make the position permanent, as he had intended. He and Hempstead edited the third and fourth vol- umes, when Mr. Fuller sold to Hempstead, who conducted the paper alone for several years. In January, 1849, he changed the name to Montrose Democrat, which it still retains. About 1851 Ezra B. and Simeon B. Chase purchased the pa- per and conducted it for about five years. Janu- ary 3, 1856, Ezra B. Chase announced that he had assumed editorial control of the paper. George A. Chase was publisher at that time. July 31, 1856, E. B. Chase published his vale- dictory, and in the same issue J. B. McCollum and A. J. Gerritson announced themselves as his successors. They say that "they shall put the public in possession of f'cts, and inferences flow- ing from them shall be their aim." December 31, 1857, J. B. McCollum transferred his interest to A. J. Gerritson, who assumed entire control. The paper was a seven-column folio at this time, having as its motto : " We join ourselves to no party that does not carry the flag and keep 108 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA. step to the music of the whole Union." January 6, 1863, the first number of the twentieth volume was reduced in size to a six-column folio. The editor explained that the price of paper had ad- vanced to twenty-five cents per pound, and that he had determined to reduce the size of the paper rather than increase the price. The paper con- tinued in its reduced form until July 14, 1868, when it was again enlarged to a seven-column folio. July 28, 1869, Mr. Gerritson, after hav- ing been connected with the paper thirteen years, sold to Eugene B. Hawley. April 1, 1873, William C. Cruser bought one-half interest of Mr. Hawley. This partnership continued until May 1, 1879, when Cruser sold to Hawley. March 1, 1881, W. C. Cruser and Daniel Brew- ster bought the office of Hawley. In July, 1883, M. A. Lyons bought Brewster's interest, and the following November Hon. George A. Post purchased Lyons' interest, and the paper has been published since then under the firm-name of Cruser & Post. The paper has been changed in form and size a number of times during the last fifteen or twenty years. It is now a nine- column folio, twenty-nine by forty-three inches, with a circulation of two thousand five hun- dred and sixteen copies weekly. Of the writers who conducted the Volunteer and Democrat, George Fuller is now a resident of Scranton. George Fuller's father, Edward Fuller, came to Bridgewater township in 1806, and lived there until he died, aged eighty-five years. George left his father's house when he was only twelve years old, and clerked in a store for a while ; then he went into the first printing-office at Montrose, where he learned his trade under Justin Clark. He says the first newspaper was a four-column folio, printed mostly with pica type, on the first printing-press that was used in Albany, N. Y. Mr. Fuller afterwards started a Democratic paper in the interest of General Jackson. The first paper had a circulation of three or four hundred copies. His paper had a circulation of five or six hundred copies. The county was Democratic then, and Mr. Fuller was leader of the party for a number of years. He was prothouotary in 1839 and Congressman in 1844 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of A. H. Read. He never wrote an editorial that he could not face afterwards, and when he left the editorial chair he had many friends in the opposition party. Being candid, his paper wielded a great influence. The sharpest fights were usually on the office of sheriff. The Wolf and Muhlenberg contest for the Governorship was also a severe one. Mr. Fuller is past four-score years, and still hale and hearty. He was successful as a merchant, and his sons are all active men. William H. is the well-known expert ticket agent at Scranton, Isaac F. and George A. are engaged in business, and Frederick is an alderman in Scranton. Davis Dimock, Jr., who was associated with Fuller at one time, was elected to Congress in 1842, but died before his term expired, and A. H. Read served for the remainder of the term. Charles F. Read, I. N. Bullaid and Abel Tur- rell all became merchants at Montrose after they left the editorial chair. Mr. Turrell was a very conservative and judicious writer. O. G. Hempstead was a Universalist preacher and a writer of considerable ability. Simeon B. Chase is still living. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1856-57-58. He read law with F. B. Streeter, and was admitted to the bar January 22, 1851. His great work, how- ever, has been in connection with the temper- ance movement. His digest of the decisions of the G. W. C.T. of the Order of Good Templars became the standard work of that order in Pennsylvania ; and his connection with the R. W. G. L. made him a man of influence through- out the Union. Ezra B. Chase was one of the strongest writers that ever occupied an editorial chair at Montrose. His articles were repub- lished in other papers and exerted a great influ- ence. He was a member of the Legislature in 1852-53. He read law with F. B. Streeter, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. Andrew Jackson Gerritson, for thirteen years the editor and proprietor of the Montrose Democrat, was a native of Dimock township, where his parents — Richard and Lydia (Hoar) Gerritson — were farmers, and had settled from Chester, Delaware County. They were mem- bers of the Society of Friends, and reared their family of three sons and four daughters in that faith. In early boyhood Andrew resolved to THE PKESS. 109 obtain an education, and to accomplish this, he had to depend largely upon his own self-re- liance, which throughout his entire life was one of his leading characteristics. After attending the home district school in boyhood, he entered Harford University, from which he was grad- uated about the time of reaching his majority, and before and after that time was for several terms a teacher. At the age of twenty-two he came to Montrose, and began reading law with Ralph B. Little, which, however, he continued only one year, when, in 1856, with J. B. Mc- Collum, he purchased the Montrose Democrat, and conducted the paper with that gentleman for two years, and subsequently alone, until his retirement from the paper in 1869, and from active business life on account of failing health. The dismemberment of the old Whig party after the Presidential election of 1852, and the birth of the Republican party the same year of his taking the editorial chair, left him, with other Democratic journalists, the alternative of holding up the principles of their party, which he did, with a ready pen and a strong arm. To this work Mr. Gerritson bent all his ener- gies, formulated opinion through his paper by his own independent thought and action, in the interest of principle and party, and so wielded the influence and tone of the press here, that upon the breaking out of the Rebellion, in 1861, the readers of the Democrat were in full sym- pathy with the Union cause from the outstart, and gave their money, their influence and their sons to put down the war, punish treason and restore the Union. When the State called for emergency men upon the invasion of its borders by the Confederate army, he volunteered in the service, and although unused to such hard- ships, did his duty from a conscientious regard for principle, and served with his regiment for some two months, when his services in the field were no longer required. Upon his return he resumed his place at the head of his paper, and so promulgated his own idea in the support of the Union cause through its columns as to cause many who differed with him politically to become his warm friends. The underlying principles of his life were based upon honor and justice, while his charac- ter and abilities commanded respect. A man of eminent virtues in private life, great executive and business capacity, with firm and positive opinions, and while respecting the views of others, he gave his own clearly, and never sought security from censure by silence or time-serving notoriety. Mr. Gerritson was chosen postmaster of the House at Harrisburg during the winter session of 1863, and at the close he was honored with a vote of thanks by the members of that body for his courtesy and competent discharge of the duties of that office. In 1868 he was appointed and served as revenue assessor of the district here. He was identified with the First National Bank, at Montrose, from its organization, and was from the first a member of its finance committee. In early life the gentle influences of a Christian mother of the Society of Friends so impressed his mind, and moulded his character, that he was quiet, un- demonstrative and unassuming, and withal, genial, social and affable in his intercourse with the world. Although the facilities for gaining an educa- tion in his early life were meagre, he neverthe- less made such proficiency as to be well quali- fied for the discharge of all the duties pertaining to an active business life, and while frail in body and ofttimes feeble in health, none sur- passed him in quickness and clearness of per- ception or in strength and vigor of mind. The last years of his life, after disposing of his paper, were mostly spent in the office of his preceptor in the law, where he engaged in con- veyancing, settling estates and in conducting his own private business. Twenty-five years of his life were passed at Montrose, where, for kindness as a neighbor, uprightness and integ- rity as a citizen, and faithfulness as a friend, he stood pre-eminent. He died at his home at Montrose December 25, 1881, aged forty-eight years. His wife, with whom he became acquainted while both were students at Harford Univer- sity, and whom he married December 31, 1856, was Mary E., a daughter of Captain David Morgan (1785-1866) and Esther (Brink) Mor- gan (1794-1872), the former a native of Litch- field County, Conn., who settled in Brooklyn 110 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. township in 1810, and the latter a native of Bradford County, Pa. Mrs. Gerritson survives in 1887, and resides at Montrose. Hon. Eugene B. Hawley was a brilliant writer on topics with which he was familiar. He was of a sensitive organization and attacked what he believed to be wrong, fearlessly. Some- times his zeal in advocating what he thought to be right may have led him beyond what the facts warranted. He attacked the manner in which the county offices were conducted with such vigor that it brought the Republican ma- jority down, resulting finally in the election of several Democrats to county offices. His efforts were not without beneficial results. In 1876 he was elected to represent Susquehanna and "Wayne in the State Senate for two years. He did not revolutionize things there as he had ex- pected to, and his highly-wrought organization gave out under the strain he put upon it. He fell into a state of hopeless melancholia and con- tinued thus for a number of years in the asylum. Finally his reason came to him again, and he returned home and died shortly after, in March, 1886. His wife was Frances M. Hayden, who now lives at New Milford. William C. Cruser, son of Henry Cruser and grandson of Bela Jones, an old settler in Bridgewater, was born in Bridgewater township January 9, 1855. He obtained his education at Montrose Academy and learned the printing business at Montrose. In 1878 E. B. Hawley, editor of the Montrose Democrat, employed him as foreman, and April 1st of that year he purchased a one-half interest in the paper. This partnership continued until May 1, 1879, when Mr. Cruser sold his interest to Mr. Haw- ley and made a trip West, and purchased a tract of land near Fort Kearney, Neb. He re- turned and, about the 1st of February, 1881, in connection with Daniel Brewster, purchased the Democrat of Hawley, and has owned a one- half interest in the paper since that time. When Mr. Cruser first connected himself with the Democrat it had only one thousand one hundred circulation. He canvassed the county for subscribers and improved the paper, until it now lias over two thousand five hundred sub- scribers. He usually acts as the managing and business editor, and has built up the local de- partment and made up the paper in better form than when it was under the former management. Mr. Cruser has been West a number of times since he took his first trip, and made additional purchases of land in Nebraska and Dakota. In October, 1876, he married Augusta Pettis, of Montrose. Hon. George A. Post was born at Cuba, Allegany County, N. Y. His parents moved to Dunkirk when he was six months old, and thence to Owego in 1861, where young Post received his education at the Owego Academy, together with about one year's attendance at the Owego Normal School. He was then fifteen, and began to read law with Charles E. Parker, the present judge of Tioga County, N. Y. After remaining there something over two vears he was put under a private tutor to pre- pare for college. In April, 1873, his father was appointed station agent at Susquehanna Depot, and George accepted what was intended to be a temporary position ; but the employment proving congenial, and being anxious to be- come self-supporting, he continued in the ser- vice of the Erie Company until he was made secretary of the motive power department, a po- sition which he held until November 15, 1883, when he resigned to take his seat in Congress. In April, 1875, he was chosen Grand Vice- Dictator of the Grand Lodge of the Knights of Honor of Pennsylvania, and in April, 1876, he was chosen Grand Dictator of the same order, a position to which he was twice re-elected. For five years he represented the Grand Lodge in the Supreme Lodge of the United States. In early life Mr. Post took an active interest in politics, and commenced making political speeches before he reached his majority. In 1877 he was elected chief burgess of Susque- hanna, and in 1880 he was Presidential elector on the Hancock ticket. In 1881 he resumed his law studies, evenings, with Hon. M. J. Larrabee, of Susquehanna Depot, and was ad- mitted to the bar at August term, 1882. In the fall of 1882 he was nominated for Congress by the Democratic conference, and, through divi- sions in the Republican ranks, he was elected to THE PRESS. Ill represent the Fifteenth District, composed of Wayne, Susquehanna, Bradford and Wyoming Counties, in the Forty-eighth Congress. He was only twenty-eight years old, and was the youngest member of that body. He served on the committees on " Pacific Railroads " and " Improvements of the Levees of the Mississippi River." He was often called upon by Speaker Carlisle to preside temporarily. He was a del- egate to the Democratic National Convention which nominated Cleveland, and also secretary of the Democratic Congressional Caucus and of the Democratic Congressional Committee, which, in conjunction with the Democratic National Committee, conducted the Presidential cam- paign. Some of his productions while in the latter position were used as campaign docu- ments. In 1884 he was unanimously renomi- nated for Congress, but the Republicans were united, and, as the district is largely Republi- can, he was defeated. In recognition of his services during the campaign, he was impor- tuned to become a candidate for clerk of the House. Meanwhile, in 1883, he had purchased a one-half interest in the Montrose Democrat, and, upon his return from Washington, he re- moved to Montrose and has since been active in the management of that paper. He does most of the editorial writing, besides practicing his profession. Mr. Post is a fluent speaker and a ready writer, and his overflowing humor crops out constantly. June 22, 1881, he married Miss Minnie C, daughter of Thomas T. Mun- son. He has one son — George Post. The following is a good specimen of Mr. Post's style as a writer. It also gives a fair ex- position of his views as to the manner of con- ducting a public journal : " The good-natured reply of the Sentinel to the Democrat regarding our suggestion that we would fol- low our own inclinations as to the subjects we would discuss and when we should treat of them, was neat, pleasant and well written. We are glad we have caused Brother Northrop to laugh, for it will do him a power of good. " We believe in looking upon the bright side of life. It does no good to mope and be gloomy. We are not of those who think that everything is going awry. This is a very pleasant world to live in, and we are glad we are alive. We would rather make a sober-sided man like Northrop laugh than to harrow the souls of our readers by iudulging in gloomy, heart-rending disquisitions upon the sinfulness of mankind. " When the Democrat makes its weekly visits to its many hundreds of readers, we want it to be a welcome visitor. A newspaper is like any other visitor in the household. If it is cold, sad in tone, ever h ;rping upon one idea, it is unwelcome and remains unread ; but if it is lively and gossiping, stored with the treas- ures of the tattling world, and with a spice of mirth too, it will always be received with pleasure. " We do not consider the readers of the Democrat as our pupils, whom we are to instruct, but as our neighbors and friends, to whom we weekly give as fat a budget of local and general news and miscellaneous reading matter as by industry we can gather and which we think will interest them. We do not flatter ourselves that our readers are groping in ignorance until we can enlighten them. If we did, we should feel badly about it, for we do not assume to ourselves superior knowledge above our fellows. It is evident that our neighbor of the Sentinel takes another view of his position, and considers himself as a teacher of the public, who must be wise and deep, ' a man severe and stern to view.' We don't propose to get round- shouldered carrying the whole weight of this earth's sorrows on our back. We shall try and do our duty and shirk no responsibility which rests upon us, and we shall be perfectly willing to compare results with our sedate neighbor." " The Spectator and Freeman's Journal was established by Albert L. Post June, 1836. It was a Whig paper devoted to free speech, but became the organ of anti-slavery men. At that time there was but one other paper in the State distinctively anti-slavery. After eighteen months O. N. Worden was associated with Mr. Post until the enterprise was given up, June, 1840. The press was purchased by Messrs. Ariel Carr and Amos N. Meylert, who pub- lished for six months the North Star, which was continued a few months longer by Ariel, Carr and S. T. Scott, when it was merged with the Montrose Volunteer. The North Star had been the outgrowth of divisions among the Democrats. This may be said also of the People's Advocate, established by Franklin Lusk in 1847, which passed away with the temporary disquiet then existing among politi- cians. "Paul Pry, in 1835, and The Moon, a few years later, were papers issued anonymously in Montrose, to ' touch up ' the characters and, particularly, the foibles of its citizens. 112 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. " The Candid Examiner, an organ of the Universalist denomination, edited by Messrs. Peck and Marsh, was issued at Montrose in 1827; followed, in 1832, by the Herald of Gospel Truth and Watchman of Liberty, Messrs. Alfred Peck and George Rogers, editors. This was published but a year or two. " The Gospel Missionary, a weekly religious journal of the Universalists, was edited, in 1847, by Rev. J. S. Palmer." The People's Advocate, a weekly paper, was established at Montrose, by Dow & Boyd, about June, 1846, as a Democratic journal. It continued under the control of this firm until early the following year, when Mr. Dow withdrew, and Josephus Boyd continued the publication of the paper for some three years thereafter, when it was discontinued. It was a four-page, six-column folio. 1 Oliver N. Worden was born in Cazenovia, Madison County, N. Y., in 1817, the second of two sons of Eld. Jesse B. Worden, second pas- tor of the Baptist Church at Montrose. Much, at least, of his early life was passed in a rural district in Onondaga County, N. Y., and he knew something of plain, health-giving farm life. At a suitable age he was indentured to the printing business in the Baptist Register office, in Utica, N. Y. Having had such ad- vantages for education only as a district school of the day gave, he was not merely " bound " by a written instrument to serve a given period to acquire a trade, but was bound by a laudable ambition, not merely to become a good printer, but to make up by diligence, industry and ap- plication what scholastic advantages had denied him. "June 14, 1838, when twenty years of age, he made his debut as co-editor and publisher, with A. L. Post, of the Spectator, in Montrose, with the following avowal : " TO MY HEADERS, ETC. " Believing in the binding nature and beneficial effects of the golden and divine command to do to others as I should be done unto, I shall necessarily favor the cause of Republican government of anti- slavery effort ; of temperance in the use of good things and entire abstinence from all that is evil ; of 1 Independent Republican. giving the means of practical education to all ; of po- litical and religious toleration, and of that morality without which other blessings change to curses." Though decidedly anti-slavery and uncom- promisingly opposed to slavery domination, yet he was rather conservative and still had faith in what he regarded as '' Old-time Republican- ism." In 1840 the Spectator was discontinued. It, however, as an adjunct of anti-slavery effort, the end of which was neither foreseen nor com- prehended, " cast bread upon the waters that re- turned after many days." Mr. Worden had the satisfaction of seeing his avowal and advocacy in 1838 vindicated in 1857, and essentially embodied in the few words, " Freedom and right against slavery and wrong,'' the motto of The Independent Republi- can, which became, and continues to be, its un- wavering exponent ; of seeing the immortal declaration : " All men have the inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happi- ness" become, at least, something more than a " Rhetorical Flourish ; " of seeing the stone, " Anti-Slavery effort," which a Susquehanna County grand jury presented as a nuisance, be- come the head of the corner. After leaving the Spectator Mr. Worden pub- lished the Athens Scribe, in Athens, Bradford County, afterwards the Wyoming Record, in Tnnkhannock, Wyoming County, Pa. But that which gave him monumental reputation was in editing and publishing the Lewisburg Chronicle some twenty years, and the prominent, if not leading, part in the establishment of the school at that place, from which many young men are prepared for the ministry, graduating yearly to fill vacant places and to enter upon destitute fields, becoming workmen " that need- eth not to be ashamed." In 1867 his worthy wife, whom he married in 1844, in Athens, died, leaving him a lonely, childless widower. In due time he went to home with his only sister, Mrs. Martha Gilles- pie, in New Milford. In December, 1838, he united, on profession of faith, with the Baptist Church at Montrose, and those who knew him can testify to his godly life, and that the sentiments, as above avowed, were with him a law in all after-life. It was THE PKESS. 113 his meat and drink to do good, to show by ex- ample and practice an accord with his profes- sion, to be an example of using the good things of life as not abusing them, and of entire absti- nence from evil and hurtful things. In every respect Mr. Worden was a remark- able man. Seeming to know but little, yet he knew much. Seeming to have but few acquaint- ances, yet, so to speak, knew everybody. So far from being a man of " one idea," he was rather a living, walking encyclopaedia. It was said of him in an assembly, when he was re- ferred to for authority, " what Mr. Worden don't know is hardly worth an inquiry." He took a deep interest in the preparation of Miss E. C. Blackman's excellent " History of Susquehanna County," and in its final success, reproduced by research many interesting rem- iniscences, published histories of Baptist Churches existing and extinct, wrote much be- side for the public eye, historical, biographical, religious and political. The National Record was started as a Green- back paper, by Northrop, Williams & Bunnell, in November, 1881. It was a nine-column folio. When Bunnell and Winthrop retired from the management Dr. Potter took their place, and the name was changed to Weekly Messenger. The office was burned January 17, 1883, and the paper was never re-established. Stephen J. Northrop started the Sentinel in May, 1883, as a Prohibition paper. It was issued monthly as a four-column folio. It was issued weekly in January, 1884, and had a cir- culation of about five hundred copies. In May, 1884, it was enlarged to a four-column quarto. The Chronicle was established at Montrose in August, 1884, as a Republican paper, by H. W B. Hewen and others. In August, 1885, the man- agement was turned over to E. T. Sweet. Oc- tober 1, 1886, Mr. Northrop bought the Chron- icle and merged it in the Sentinel, increasing its size to a six-column quarto. S. J. Nokthrop was born in Bridgewater May 22, 1832. He prepared for college at Harford Academy, and was graduated from the Classical Department of Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, in 1861. After he came home he engaged in the nursery business in Jackson 11 township for ten years. In 1881 he came to Montrose, and has been connected with the National Record and Sentinel while here. The "New Milfoed Advertiser." — This newspaper was started as a weekly local by Messrs. C. S. Vail and L. S. Brown on January 1, 1880. The idea of such a publication in this place was first entertained by Mr. Vail as early as 1875, when he was a young man only nine- teen years of age. He knew nothing of the trade at that time, having been inside of a print- ing-office only a few times in his life ; but he foresaw an opening there for a good periodical, and resolved to sometime start such an enter- prise. But such an undertaking would require a large amount of money, and he had no capital. He laid his plans, however, and, beginning at the bottom round of the ladder, resolutely com- menced to work his way up. Securing a job of shoveling in Smith's sand bank, he earned fifteen dollars, which he sent to Boston and purchased his first press and outfit. It was a small beginning, but he learned his first lessons in the art with it, and while he learned the rudimentary features he labored faithfully for his next step. Adding to.his capital from time to time, he was at length able to purchase a one hun- dred and thirty-five dollar press, and on April 1, 1879, he issued the first number of the New Milford Advertiser. It was a neat pamphlet, con- taining original reminiscences and local history, and a number of local advertisements. He was assisted in the work by O. N. Worden, a ready newspaper writer and printer of much experi- ence. One thousand copies were issued and distributed free. It was intended at the time to issue the paper quarterly, but a better plan prevailed. He now had three hundred dollars, and L. S. Brown, who had learned the printer's trade in the Northern Pennsylvanian office a short time pre- vious, had the same amount. Vail and Brown now entered into partnership. Vail afterwards added two hundred dollars more, and with a capital of about eight hundred dollars the busi- ness commenced. The first regular issue of the weekly Advertiser was issued in January, 1880. It was a six-column folio of fair size, wholly printed and published by themselves in a snug 114 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. little office which had been hurriedly constructed just back of the graded school building. In April following, G. C. Howell, a young man of much promise, came in with them to learn the trade. Success attended their efforts, and in July, 1880, the paper was enlarged to seven columns. On January 1, 1882, Vail & Brown dissolved partnership, and C. S. Vail became sole proprietor. The paper was now enlarged to eight pages of six columns each. Mr. Vail continued the business for one year, and then sold the office to James S. Hayden and G. C. Howell. Mr. Vail went to Colorado, and Hay- den & Howell continued the business until August 11, 1885. At that time Mr. Vail, who had returned from the West, re-purchased Mr. Hayden's interest, and since then the business has been conducted by Vail & Howell. On January 1, 1886, over two thousand dol- lars' worth of new material was added, including a new twelve hundred dollar Campbell press, and on February 15th following, the office was moved to more commodious quarters in the Advertiser block, corner of Main and Depot Streets. In May, 1886, a new steam-engine was purchased, and it became a steam printing es- tablishment. Messrs. Vail & Howell are men of sterling qualities and untiring energy, and they are giv- ing the best efforts of their lives to produce a model home newspaper. On September 13, 1886, they issued an edition of seven thousand copies, containing twenty-four pages each. The production of this number required an immense amount of labor and expense for a local publi- cation to undertake, including a large force of printers and laborers in the office, an agent for securing advertising matter, and a traveling reporter who traveled over one hundred and fifty miles to obtain local history, biography and original matter. As a newspaper the New Milford Advertiser has been eminently successful. From a very minute commencement it has been built up by pluck and energy until it has become a first- class printing-office. Created and carried on with enterprise and ability, its merits have been recognized by the reading public, and it has never lacked appreciation and support. Susquehanna's Newspapers. — Susque- nanna's first newspaper, the Northern Pennsyl- vanian, was founded by M. H. C. Vail in 1858. It was a seven-column folio, neutral as regarded politics, and was edited and published by Mr. Vail for about two and a half years. In the eight and one-half years next ensuing it was owned and edited in succession by L. P. Hinds, Esq., W. J. Hunter, P. H. Rafter, E. A. Benedict and N. B. Chase. The last-named gentleman, the only one of the number now living, removed the office, in the spring of 1868, to Great Bend. There the paper was pub- lished under the same name, although with several different proprietors, for a few years, when it was removed to New Milford, and in 1871 the publication was then finally discon- tinued. In May, 1869, W. H. Gardner, of Homer, N. Y., started the Susquehanna Journal, a seven- column folio, and conducted the same until September, 1871, when B. F. Pride, of Union, N. Y., the present editor and proprietor, pur- chased the establishment. The Journal had, up to that date, received a very limited support, and it had come to be generally understood that a newspaper could not live in Susque- hanna, seven different gentlemen having tried the experiment, and each with very indifferent results, within the preceding twelve years. Mr. Pride, although a young man, took the paper under very discouraging circumstances, and by hard work and close application succeeded in building up a good paying business. The paper was, as it always has been during his management, independent in all things. It was from time to time enlarged and improved, until it has grown from a poorly-patronized seven- column paper to a ten-page, sixty-column paper, the largest in Susquehanna County, and one of the most extensively circulated. Mr. Pride, at the age of thirty-four years, enjoys the distinction of being the oldest newspaper publisher in the county, having continuously occupied the editorial chair of the Journal for nearly sixteen years. During this time (in June, 1874) the office was destroyed by fire, and was almost a total loss to the owner, but in two weeks thereafter it was again issued, and WtfUV /aW^ THE PRESS. 115 has appeared regularly every Saturday morning up to the present time. The Gazette. — In February, 1874, Messrs. C. E. Whitney and B. C. Kidder, with the mate- rial of the defunct Northern Pennsylvanian, which was removed from New Milford to this place, started the Susquehanna Gazette, an eight- column folio, neutral in politics. This paper passed in turn into the hands of C. E. Whitney, E. W. Rogers & Son. Dunlea & Brosnan, and was finally destroyed by fire with the Cook block, in which it was located, in February, 1883, and the publication discontinued. The Transcript— -In May, 1883, F. A. Miller started the Susquehanna Transcript, a six- column quarto, Democratic in politics, and pub- lished the same until February, 1886, when he sold the paper to Jas. Clark, Jr., of Den- ver, Col., the present publisher. The publica- tion of the Daily Transcript, a twenty-four- column folio paper, was begun in August, 1886, and is issued at the present time from the same office. Great Bend Plaindealer. — In 1867 L. Hib- bert Whittlesy who had been publishing the Northern Pennsylvanian at Susquehanna, re- moved the press and type to Great Bend and started the Northern Pennsylvanian here. S. B. Chase was a part owner at first. After Whit- lesy died John R. Gaylord succeeded him as publisher. A. E. Benedict next had the paper (now called The Ptaindealei*). In the fall of 1880 C. L. Noble and S. P. Moore bought the establishment and conducted a five-column folio paper, independent in politics, until 1884, when Mr. Moore bought Noble's interest, and May 1, 1886, he doubled the size of the paper by making it a five-column quarto, making the entire size twenty-six by forty inches. James T. Du Bois is part owner of the paper at present. James T. Du Bois was born in Great Bend Village, Susquehanna County, on the 1 7th day of April, 1851. At the age of thirteen he entered the printing-office of the Northern Pennsylvanian, published in Great Bend Bor- ough by L. H. Whittlesey, and learned the trade. At the completion of the apprenticeship he studied at the Ithaca Academy, from which institution he graduated with honors in 1870. In 1871 he went to Washington, D. C, for the purpose of studying law at the Columbia Uni- versity. During the second year of his course he was offered the position of assistant editor of the National Republican, a journal then known as the organ of the Grant administration. He filled this position for two years, and was pro- moted to the editorship of that paper, which place he held until the summer of 1877, when he resigned, and was sent by President Hayes as United States commercial agent to Aix-la- Chapelle, Germany. In 1881 he was promoted to be consul at the same place. President Arthur, in the fall of 1883, appointed him to the responsible and lucrative consulate at Cal- lao, Peru, but for personal reasons he did not care to accept this position, and was subse- quently transferred to the important consulate at Leipsic, Saxony, which post he occupied until January, 1886, when he voluntarily resigned. The following is the letter of the Assistant Sec- retary of State, accepting his resignation : "Department or State, ) Washington, January 14, 1886. j " James T. Du Bois, Esq., Consul of the United States at Leipsic. "Sir : — I have to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 2d instant, tendering your resignation of the office of consul of the United States at Leipsic, and in reply to inform you that the same is accepted, to take effect on this date. " I take this occasion to express the Department's appreciation of the zeal and fidelity you have dis- played in the performance of the duties connected with the offices you have held under it, and to assure you that your retirement from the consular service is recognized as the loss of a faithful and efficient officer. " I am, sir, your obedient servant, "Jas. D. Porter, "Assistant Secretary." While abroad Mr. Du Bois studied thoroughly the German and French languages, and spent what leisure time he had in literary pursuits. While stationed at Aix-la-Chapelle he wrote two volumes entitled " An Hour with Charle- magne" and "In and About Aix-la-Chapelle." The following is an extract from a letter written by Postmaster-General Vilas concerning the former : "I sat down with the great Charles last evening and was so interested by your presentation that I ceased only with its close. Your sketch is delightful. 116 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. It lifts the splendid story out of the darkness and shows what a wonderful creation and creator a great man is. Had Bacon's philosophy then been known, modern civilization would have dated with Charle- magne. " May I also be allowed to commend the rich and flowing style in which you bear your readers bliss- fully? I shall hope to enjoy other products of so deft a pen." Mr. Du Bois is at present connected with the editorial staff of the National Republican, pub- lished at Washington, D. C, and he has charge of the Consular Edition of that journal. He spends his winters in Washington and his sum- mers at Hallstead, in this county, where he is interested in the publication of the Plaindealer and also in farming. He is the proprietor of " Spring Farm," a tract of land beautifully sit- uated on the banks of the picturesque Susque- hanna River, which has been in the possession of the family for about one century. On this farm is situated the mountain " Manotonome," from the summit of which may be obtained some of the most interesting and commanding views to be found in the State. Mr. Du Bois has constructed several miles of foot and road- ways about this mountain, and it has become a favorite resort for the people. In December, 1883, while consul at Leipsic, Mr. Du Bois married Emma, the only child of Henry Pastor, Esq., of Aix-la-Chapelle. They have two sons. CHAPTER XI. AUTHORS. " * On the authority of the late Hon. Charles Miner, a ' New Yankee Song,' dated Auburn Village, July 23, 1803, was the earliest product of the Susquehanna County muse, and his 'old and worthy friend, Charles Mowry, was the writer.' He lived not far from Elk Lake, and possibly from the name he gave to his location the township of Auburn received its name. The song had reference to the Intrusion Law, and began thus : 1 Miss Blackman. " A cruel law is made, boys, Which much our peace and wealth destroys — A cruel law is made, boys, To frighten and distress us ; But if we firm together join, Supported by a power Divine, Our Yankee cause shall not decline, Nor shall it long oppress us. " In the seven remaining stanzas reference is made to Colonels John Franklin and John Jenkins as those foremost in ' the cause.' It will be remembered that, though these sturdy champions of Yankee rights resided in the vicinity of Athens, this section as well as that were alike in the disputed territory claimed at the same time by Connecticut and Pennsylvania. " Dr. Israel Skinner, of Oakland (then Har- mony), published at an early day a history of the American Revolution in verse, a part of which is quoted by Mr. Miner in his ' History of Wyoming.' " Dr. R. H. Rose published a volume of fifty- six poems, or, as he termed them, ' Sketches in Verse,' about 1820. It was a handsomely- bound octavo, designed for private circulation only, and but one or two copies can now be found in the county. In this volume his many quotations from the Latin, French and Italian show his familiarity with various languages and authors. Many of the sketches were love-dit- ties, and professed imitations of a race of bards no longer greatly admired. There were also prose versions from the Arabic poets, turned into rhyme. An exception to the foregoing is found in his ' Instructions to Manufacturers,' in which is seen the gleam of the wit and raillery of which he is said to have been fond. He could, at least, follow his own ' Instructions ' : " What I you would write a sonnet ! — sit you down, And take your pen, no matter for the theme, So it be dull and sad — a waking dream ; And, careless of the peevish muse's frown, Bun stanza into stanza. Break your lines And form them that the first and fourth may chime And to the third the second be the rhyme. " Oft introduce a colon : but when shines A gleam of passion, never then neglect A note of admiration, and an Oh ! For thus you will display a deal of wo, And to your sonnet give a fine effect. Then lug two limping lines in at the close, AUTHOKS. 117 And swear 'tis thus the great Petrarcha's metre flows. " A work designed apparently for circulation in England, and which did circulate there and influence immigration to this county, was writ- ten here, and bore the following on its title- page: " ' Letters from the British Settlement in Pennsyl- vania: to which are added the Constitution of the United States and of Pennsylvania, and extracts from the laws respecting aliens and naturalized citizens. By C. B. Johnson, M. D.' " This was entered according to Act of Con- gress, by H. Hall, Philadelphia, 1819. Another edition was published the same year by John Miller, Piccadilly, London (England). " More than one English immigrant bemoaned the day he read ' Johnson's Letters,' and heaped upon the author accusations born of disappoint- ment. ' Too rose-colored ' his descriptions may have been ; but so, also, were the notions of town-bred people respecting their own capacity to endure the inevitable ills attendant upon pioneer life. " Samuel Barnard was among those who left the Old World in 1819, with hopes founded upon statements contained in the ' Letters.' While in this county he devoted himself to the prepa- ration of a " ' Polyglot Grammar of the Hebrew, Chaldee Syriac, Greek, Latin, English, French, Italian, Span- ish and German languages, reduced to one common rule of syntax, and an uniform mode of declension and conjugation as far as practicable.' "This was published, in 1825, in Philadel- phia, New York, Baltimore and Boston. Presi- dent John Q. Adams was a subscriber for the work. Mr. Barnard presented an elegant copy, prepared expressly for the occasion, to General Lafayette. Several colleges subscribed for copies, as also the Department of State at Washington. " He removed to New York, and afterwards to Kentucky, where he died in 1850. One of his daughters, Mrs. George Fuller, is still a resident of Montrose. " We are indebted to the same alluring ' Let- ters ' for the arrival from England, in 1819, of Mrs. Juliana Frances Turner. During the next three years she wrote the ' Harp of the Beechwoods,' a volume of sixty-five poems. This was published at Montrose, by Adam Waldie, in 1822. "Some of her ballads, in old English style, are quite pleasing. Other pieces possess real merit ; but fairies and goblins seem most fre- quently to have entertained her fancy and en- gaged her pen. A sample of the smoothness of her style may be seen in the following extract : "THE COT OF CONTENT. " On the hanks of the Schuylkill still evening was glinting, And the tide's silvery surge a soft murmuring kept, While the bright hues of autumn the slope woods were tinting, And the brown sunny mountains in mellowness slept. There I marked a sweet villa, the day star declining, Where the jessamine lingered, with late roses blent; Where the scarlet-leaved creepers neat trellised were twining, And they called the sweet bower — the Cot of Con- tent. " Mrs. Turner was born in London, married in 1802, and died in England early in 1837. " Reference has been made to Adam Waldie as her publisher ; on another page his connec- tion with the newspaper press is given. His position as editor of a literary rather than a political journal, and his influence in calling out the talent that lay dormant here, entitle him to grateful mention. "In 1823 a painting was made by Thompson, of Susquehanna County, from a scene in ' The Pioneers.' "In 1829 a new hymn-book, by Sebastian and Barzillai Streeter. "In 1832 materials for a history of this sec- tion, by C. L. Ward, destroyed by fire. "A number of pamphlets have been issued from the county press, some of which are re- membered : The - Atonement, in Seven Links,' by Jireh Bryan ; a ' Historical Discourse,' by Rev. Adam Miller, 1844, published by A. Tur- rell; a discourse on 'Baptism,' by Rev. A. L. Post. "In 1837 The Spectator office printed a book of seventy-six pages, entitled ' Intellectual Chronology,' for schools and learners, by ' Technica Memoria ' [R. Pike]. It endeavored 118 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to simplify the acquisition of dates, by the use of letters for figures, weaving them with words, and often into poetry." Miss Anne L. Fraser was born at Mont- rose Oct. 3, 1810. She obtained her education at Montrose Academy and at Miss Emma H. Willard's Female Academy at Troy, X. Y. She taught school a number of years, and has done some painting of considerable merit and written some good poetry. Her sister Caroline was a music teacher. The two sisters lived to- gether on the homestead with their mother until she died, in 1870; then the sisters lived together until Carrie died, in 1882; meanwhile her brothers Philip and Franklin had both died at the homestead, leaving her alone, the last of Dr. Chas. Fraser's family at Montrose. Miss Fraser is a lady of culture and character. Here- with we submit a few selections from her poetry : O wild the wintry blast hath blown Among these rugged hills of ours, And spring on softest wing hath flown And kissed the fragrance-breathing flowers; And summer's sunshine oft hath chased The shadows o'er the waving plain, And autumn's pencil sadly traced Her gorgeous hues of death again. And this has passed since at my feet Thy blue waves, Susquehanna, rolled, Where green-robed mountains rise to meet And crown themselves with clouds of gold ; But thou, the friend of other days, Who nature's charms have viewed with me, When to her haunts my footstep strays Remembrance kindly dwells on thee. And dost thou trace the lovely shore, Where we have watched the smooth waves glide, Or wake the music of the oar, Forgetting one who by thy side Hath wandered through each woodland dell And crossed the sparkling wave with thee ? Hath friendship's wand no silent spell To stir the fount of memory ? Mrs. Lydia C. Searle. — Miss Lydia C. Dimock, daughter of Elder D. Dimock, was born at Montrose July 6, 1811, and married to Leonard Searle Oct. 23, 1832. She was edu- cated in Hamilton Baptist Academy, X. Y., and early gave indications of a taste for literary pursuits. She kept a diary from the age of seventeen until the time of her death. Her reading in every department was extensive, and while reading, she comprehended and formed her judgment. While every one might not have acquiesced in that judgment, to her it was sin- cere, honest conviction. She was an indefati- gable collector of articles from newspapers and other sources, which were carefully preserved in scrap-books. She also kept files of newspa- pers for many years. Her mind was quick in perception and ready in application, and during her long life it became widely stored with his- toric, scientific, religious and political facts. She was bright and intellectual at home in poetry and literature. She wrote both in prose and poetry. Her work " Washington our Exam- ple" was published during the war. Being a great admirer of Gen. McClellan, the work was dedicated to him, a fact which he apprecia- tively acknowledged in a courteous letter to the authoress. At the time of her death, A. K. McClure, of the Philadelphia Time$, wrote of her : " She has been for more than half a cen- tury one of the leading literary as well as social characters of Xorthern Pennsylvania. With all the tenderness of woman and a most devoted wife and mother, she had a strong love for liter- ature and singular fitness for literary labor. Her scrap-books, both of politics and of the choice productions of the most gifted poets and authors, are among the most complete to be found in any library, and her original articles were marked by unusual force and excellence. Xo woman of the northern portion of the State will be more widely or more gratefully remem- bered than Mrs. Searle, of Montrose, and her life and character will long be pointed to as among the noblest of examples." She was a Christian lady, with a deep charity for all. She died in August, 1880, and was buried at Montrose. The following is taken from a tribute paid to her brother, Hon. Davis Dimock, Jr., who died while a member of Congress : Thou art gone, 'midst honors, to the tomb, and all the people mourn, Who twined a wreath around thy brow, which now is from thee torn — AUTHORS. 119 To crown anew the victor Death, who seeks from earth to win The bright, the beautiful and great, as the trophies meet for him. Thou art gone, but oh ! thou art gone not where thy country calls for thee, And a vacant seat is in the halls of our nation great and free, Which was thine to fill for years to come, with bright- ness round thy name, And with deepest love for the nation's weal, thou wouldst have filled the same. ******* Thou art gone, and now the grief and woe that fancy cannot paint, Which sheds such blight on human hearts, that makes them fail and faint, Which withers all their dearest joys, and changes life to gloom, Are theirs who loved, but could not save thee from the voiceless tomb. ******* Thou art gone, and o'er thy noble form death triumphs in his power — But there is coming, on swift wing, in time the des- tined hour When he in whom was all thy hope will take from death the prize, And, robed in beauty and in light, thou wilt from dust arise. Anna Drinker wrote poetry under the nom de plume of Edith May. The pages of the Home Journal, edited by N. P. Willis and George Morris, bore ample evidence of her genius. Her poems were published in book- form, by a Philadelphia house, in 1851, prefaced by a tribute from N. P. Willis. She also pub- lished, in 1855, "Tales and Poems for Children." Miss Blackman writes : " It has been remarked ' she might have sat for her own Theodora.' " In her eyes are tranquil shadows Lofty thoughts alone can make, Like the darkness thrown by mountains O'er a lake." In a sketch of the fair authoress, written by Miss Susan E. Dickinson in 1879, she said: "When Miss Drinker began to write, Susque- hanna County still held countless lovely soli- tudes, where only the wild deer ranged, or hunters' and poets' footsteps delighted to roam. Many of her poems pictured this fair and gra- cious region with its peculiar charms. Not a few, and these the longest, were narrative poems, full of dramatic fire and fervor, showing how her imaginative powers were seizing upon and bringing out the strength, the beauty, the romance lying in the life around her." The following are extracts from her poems : STORM AT TWILIGHT. The roar of a chafed lion in his lair Begirt by leveled spears: A sudden flash, Intense, yet wavering, like a beast's fierce eye Searching the darkness. The wild lay of winds Sweeps the burnt plains of heaven, and from afar, Linked clouds are riding up like eager horsemen, Javelin in hand. From the moth wings of twilight There falls unwonted shadow, and strange gloom Cloisters the unwilling stars. The sky is roofed With tempest, and the moon's scant rays fall through Like light let dimly through fissured rock Vaulting a cavern. To the horizon, The green sea of the forest has rolled back Its leveled billows, and where mast-like trees Sway to its bosom, here and there, a vine Braided to some pine's bare shaft, clings, rocked aloft Like a bold mariner ! There is no bough But lifteth an appealing arm to heaven. The scudding grass is shivered as it flies And herbs and flowers crouch to their mother earth Like frightened children. 'Tis more terrible, When the near thunder speaks, and the fleet wind Stops like a steed that knows his rider's voice; For, oh, the hush that follows is the calm Of a despairing heart, and, as a maniac Loses his grief in raving, the mad storm, Weeping fast tears, awakens with a sob From its blank desolation, and shrieks on! UNREST. Rest for awhile I I'm tempest-tossed to-day; Bar out the sunshine. Let importunate life, Beating forever with impatient hand My soul's closed portals, only rouse within Dull, dreamy echoes. In a forest calm Builds sleep, the white dove. As a bird she rides The lulled waves of the soul. To-day my thoughts Hunt me like hounds ; my senses, wide awake, Watch for the touch that thrills them ; every sound Falls through the listening air unscabbarded ; And if sleep comes, 'tis but a transient dream That flits betwixt me and the light of life, Alighting never. * * * TWO CHANTS. " Te Deum Laudamus ! " through green river mead- ows, Where noon, pacing slow, holds in leash the fleet shadows, Blown like a cloud from St. Agatha's altar, Drifts down the south wind and loud-chanted psalter ; 120 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Under the light of the tapers lies sleeping One whose fair soul was not whitened by weeping. Sorrow stood far from her — love, in mute reverence, Knelt to the shrine of her starry intelligence, Charmed by her music of being, dull cavil Lay coiled in her presence ; and lion-like evil, Lying in wait for her soul frail and tender, Crouching at the blaze of its virginal splendor. Over her calm face a radiance immortal Flows from the smile at the mouth's silent portal — - They who kneel round her from matins till even, As they kneel at the tombs of the blessed in heaven, Think not to question that presence resplendent Where fled the soul that is shining ascendent. Sorrow, that writes with the pen of an angel, God's burning thoughts through her mystic evangel: Passion, that, laden with memories tender, Crowns himself king with their tropical splendor; Weeping repentance, with hand lifted palely — These were the spirits that walked with her daily. FOREST SCENE. I know a forest vast and old — A shade so deep, so darkly green, That morning sends her shaft of gold In vain to pierce its leafy screen. I know a brake where sleeps the fawn — The soft-eyed fawn through noon's repose, For noon, with all the calm of dawn, Lies hushed beneath those dewy boughs. From slippery ledge, from moss-grown rock, Dash the swift waters at a bound, And from the foam that veils the shock, Floats every wavelet, sparkle-crowned. By brake and dell and lawny glade, O'er gnarled root, o'er mossy stone, Beneath the forest's emerald shade The brook winds murmuring, chiding on. George Catlin, son of Putnam and Polly (Sutton) Catlin, was born in Wyoming Valley in 1796. He came to Brooklyn, Susquehanna County, with his father, where he taught school. His father designed him for the law and to that end sent him to Reeves' school, at Litchfield, Conn., where he remained two years. He was admitted to the Susquehanna County bar Feb- ruary 20, 1820. At that time his brother Charles resided where Mrs. Webb now lives. But law was not suited to young Catlin's tastes or inclinations. He savs : After having covered nearly every inch of the lawyer's table (and even encroached upon the judges' bench) with pen-knife, pen and ink, and pencil sketches of judges, juries and culprits, I very delib- erately resolved to convert my law library into paint- pots and brushes, and to pursue painting as my future and apparently more agreeable profession." 1 " Art was his idolized profession. So strong did his passion become that he abandoned the law and went to New York, where he was soon engaged in the painting of portraits and minia- tures. In 1829, being then thirty-three years old, Mr. Catlin had his attention called to the fact that the pure American race was disap- pearing before the march of civilization. He therefore resolved to rescue from oblivion the types and customs of the unfortunate Indians. From that moment dated the commencement of his life-study ; then he became a public bene- factor, and his subsequent career was devoted to the cause of art and history, to which he has added a chapter that cannot be undervalued. In 1831 Mr. Catlin, though discouraged by his friends and the government, accompanied Gov- ernor Clark, of St. Louis, then superintendent of Indian affairs, in a western tour among the Winnebagos and Menomonies, the Shawanos, Sacs and Foxes, and with these interviews be- gan the series of his Indian paintings. After the close of the 'Black Hawk War' he visited Black Hawk and five of his warriors, prisoners at Jefferson Barracks, where he painted their portraits. In the following year he descended the Missouri River, from the mouth of the Yellowstone to St. Louis, in a canoe, with two men (a distance of two thousand miles), steering it with his own paddle. In that trip he visited and painted the Mandans, Crows, Blackfeet, K'nisteneux, Assinneboins, Minatarres, Rec- carrees, Sioux, Poncas and Iowas. During these voyages he was the correspondent of the Neiv York Spectator. These letters were pub- lished in a volume entitled 'Catlin's Life Among the North American Indians.' " 1 New York Tribune. AUTHORS. 121 ' " In the fall of 1837 Mr. Catlin lectured in New York, in connection with the exhibition of paintings, while Black Hawk, Keokuk and about fifty Indians from four tribes were present. " In 1838 the value of his paintings was estimated at from $100,000 to $150,000. " In eight years he visited about fifty tribes, and brought home more than six hundred oil-paintings (in every instance from nature) of portraits, land- scapes and Indian customs, and every article of their manufacture, such as weapons, costumes, wigwams, etc. He exhibited this collection in New York and Washington, and also in London and Paris. He had offers from noblemen in England for his collection, but he declined them, preferring to dispose of it in his own country. He offered it to the government of the United Stales for $65,000. The bill for its pur- chase was discussed in the Senate and lost by one vote. This was probably owing to the influence of H. R. Schoolcraft, who had endeavored to secure the use of Mr. Catlin's paintings to illustrate a work he contemplated editing for the United States; but Mr. Catlin had already incurred great labor and expense towards a publication of his own, and declined his proposition." In 1852 he sailed to Venezuela and for sev- eral years was employed in exploring the inner- most parts of South America, interviewing scores of tribes of wild Indians. " Last Ram- bles in North and South America," from his pen, is a graphic description of his life in the wildernesses of those countries. He also wrote " Lifted and Subsided Rocks of North America," based on his observations ; also "North Ameri- can Folio," containing twenty-five plates of hunting scenes. As an author Mr. Catlin was peculiarly talented, and as an artist his paintings are spirited and accurate portraits and faithful and true landscapes. The remnant of his paint- ing can be seen at Washington, D. C, having been collected by the government at last. He died in 1872, at Jersey City, aged seventy- eight. Miss Emily C. Blackman was born at Gilbertsville, Otsego County, N. Y., July 15, 1826. When she was three years old her father, Dr. J. Blackman, whose sketch will appear in the medical chapter, removed to Bingham ton, where he resided seven years, removing to Montrose in 1836. Miss Blackman has a very distinct recollection of Binghamton, where she first attended school; but her early education Blackman. was principally obtained at the Susquehanna County or Montrose Academy. At the age of fifteen she commenced teaching as an assistant in the academy, still continuing her studies, however. About this time she and her sister Many Ann planned to found a school; but her sister married soon after, and that destroyed one of Miss Blackman's early hopes. After she left school and teaching here, she was preceptress at Towanda, also teaching three years at Chester, Delaware County, Pa. She has taught in the schools of Wisconsin and Illinois and Freed- man's school in Mississippi from 1866 to 1868. In fact, her whole life since she was fifteen has been that of an instructor in one way or another. During all these years she has been a student of languages and music. She studied music in New York and Philadelphia, and became an accomplished music-teacher. In later years she has given more attention to the study of the languages, and is able to read the Testament in ten different languages. Miss Blackman is of a literary turn of mind, and during the time she was in the South she was a constant contributor to the press, and also while in Europe. Her greatest literary work is the " History of Susquehanna County," upon which she spent four years of conscientious, painstaking labor. No one but a historian can appreciate the labor required in searching through countless old dust-covered records, newspaper files and diaries, to ascertain a date, a name or a fact, which requires only a short sentence to express when found, and the interviewing of the oldest inhabitants, and the comparing of conflicting statements, all requiring method in arrangement, patience in research and perseverance until the desired information is obtained. All of these characteristics were made manifest in Miss Blackman's work, which has received many commendations from those most capable of criticising. Miss Blackman united with the Presbyterian Church of Montrose when she was twelve years old, and has been active in every good work growing out of her relation thereto. The Home and Foreign Missions of the church, the Soldiers' Aid Society and Sanitary Commission during the war, and Freedman's Aid, Woman's 122 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Christian Temperance Union, have all enlisted her sympathies and taken more or less of her time as secretary. More recently she has acted as superintendent of the work among the prison- ers in the Montrose jail. She has been across the continent twice and to Europe once, but the principal theatre of her labors has been at home, in Montrose, and throughout Susquehanna County. This brief outline but feebly indicates the manner of her education or the intense ac- tivity of her life. Being naturally susceptible she can have the consolation of knowing that her life has not been unfruitful of good results at home; that it has been as usefully spent at Montrose, as it could have been any where. Eev. Elisha Mulford, LL. D. — "While most men of letters who exert a great influence in their day and generation, and attain a national or even a world-wide reputation, are soon for- gotten, or live here only in name when they pass away, it is but rarely true that the really great men in the world's history attain any very 1 I 'PI I , IP**- and conscientious, she drank freely at the foun- tain of knowledge and truth as presented to her understanding by her teachers, pastors and books. Being ambitious and persevering, she has ac- quired and imparted much information, even to the second generation as a teacher, and has watched the development of her pupils with that keen interest which a true teacher always feels in her pupils. Miss Blackman's hearing began to fail when she was teaching at Towan- da. If it had not been for this misfortune, she would have gone abroad as a missionary ; but marked distinction while yet living. The former cultivate present and transient interests, and are content with things as they are, if only they may secure the popular recognition, and attain thereby the temporal and often fictitious ap- plauses and honors of the world ; but the latter, in natural gifts and sympathies ahead of their age, and in love of truth for its own sake, are only satisfied in progressive and enduring work, and aspire to become the pioneers and prophets of a new dispensation. The subject of this brief sketch, although fairly successful in a worldly AUTHOKS. 123 sense, is not an exception to this general rule. Well-known and appreciated by the widely- scattered few who sympathized with his ideas, he was, previous to his death, but little known. As the poet Whittier has since written of him : " Unnoted as the setting of a star He passed ; and sect and party scarcely knew When from their midst a sage and seer withdrew To fitter audience, where the great dead are In God's republic of the heart and mind, Leaving no purer, nobler soul behind." And these whisperings are becoming day by day more frequent and distinct, and we believe will ultimately grow into the voices of a vast multitude in the ages to come, who shall have come to regard him as the "sage and seer" of this generation. Dr. Mulford was born in Montrose, Pa., No- vember 19, 1833. His father was Sylvanus S. Mulford, a prominent and successful merchant, of pure English extraction. His family form- ed one of a social group of friends and relatives distinguished not only for their refined and intellectual character, but also for their practi- cal and business abilities. He was endowed with a rare combination of natural gifts, both physical and mental. He possessed a remark- able facility and beauty of expression, an im- passioned temperament, and a lofty style which, without aifectatiou or haughtiness, carried with it the impression of greatness. Joined with these, he possessed a philosophic cast of mind — all of which gifts had been thoroughly cul- tured by the best discipline that could be se- cured in our schools, by travel, and by social intercourse with the best cultured minds at home and abroad. Rev. Theodore T. Munger, D.D., in a brief review of his life and works in The Independent, also says : " Dr. Mulford, previous to his death, was generally known only as the author of his books. His name, bare of all titles on the title-page of 'The Nation,' simply announced him as a writer. This work drew from Yale College an LL.D. ; and he was thenceforth known as Dr. Mulford ; but still he remained barely more than a name in the public mind. ' The Repub- lic of God,' published four years later, had run the gauntlet of three commencement seasons without attracting to its author the degree of D.D. ; and so the anomaly becomes an unalterable fact that the author of ah original, able and learned work on theology secured no formal recognition in his day, where it might most be expected." With this impression, that so far as regarded the general public, his great contributions to the religious and political advancement of the race were but little recognized, he died ; and we can hardly conceive of any more bitter experi- ence than that one who, in love of truth, had de- voted his life to its development in the con- sciousness of men, should, in his last moments, believe the popular mind wholly indifferent thereto. But no sooner had he gone than there arose whisperings that a really great man had lived and died in our midst unrecognized, and had left behind him imperishable works. He graduated at Yale College in the class of 1855; took an independent course of study for one year; studied theology at Andover, graduating in 1859; traveled and studied in Europe two years, thoroughly acquainting himself with the progress of English and German thought and research ; took orders in the Protestant Epis- copal Church in 1862, and subsequently be- came rector of a parish in Orange, N. J. Though successful in his chosen profession, the management of his own and his wife's es- tates, requiring his presence and personal atten- tion, constrained him, to resign his rectorship and retire to the seclusion of one of his farms, where he spent nearly twenty years of the subsequent period of his life. He was not nat- urally, as some have supposed, a recluse— one who enjoyed seclusion for its own sake — but sought retirement only for the quiet essential to his great literary work. On the contrary, he emerged from his obscurity at every oppor- tunity presented to visit his many personal friends, and to acquaint himself with the affairs of the world. He was deeply in sympathy with humanity, and alive to all its interests. As Prof. Allen said of him in The Christian Union, — " He felt an interest in all that came under his gaze, not merely high things, but things of small re- pute. The incidents of common life had a charm for him. In the language of Wordsworth, he was wont Along life's common way With sympathetic heart to stray, And with a soul of power.' " 124 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. He was not a prolific writer, but what he wrote he elaborated with the greatest patience and care. His first book, " The Nation," pub- lished in Boston, 1870, had been the subject of his studies and reflections for many years. He was at least five years in producing the first manuscript after having set himself to the task, and subsequently re-wrote it again and again. Indeed, so great was his effort to make the book an accurate and complete exposition of its subject, he devoted to the correction of the proof-sheets as much time as would ordi- narily be required for a complete revision. When finally published, it arrested the atten- tion of some of the greatest scholars and thinkers, not only in this country, but also in Europe. It is said that Senator Sumner, casu- ally taking up the large volume in a book-store, became at once so deeply interested that he stood for hours as one transfixed while perusing its contents. He afterwards declared it to be " an ideally perfect work," and wrote, sending his personal congratulations to the author : "I have read it from first to last with constant in- terest and sympathy. It is a most important contri- bution to our political literature, and cannot fail to strengthen and elevate our national life." From England also came personal congratu- lations, and notably from F. D. Maurice, one of the most distinguished of British theological writers, and rightly deemed the great pioneer in the modern development of Christian thought. From many distinguished men in this coun- try also came letters and reviews highly appre- ciative of the work. His design and effort in this great work are to show that " Man is by nature a political be- ing;" that the nation has existence in the pur- pose of God, and is designed to be a chief medium in the moral development of the race. To use his own language : " The nation is the goal of history in the fulfilment of the highest political ideal." It is towards this goal the " nations move in the fulfilment of the life of humanity." It is " to work as one whose achievement passes beyond time, whose glory and honor are borne into the eternal City." His second great work appeared in 1881, eleven years later, and is entitled " The Repub- lic of God : An Institute in Theology.'' Both works might well have received the same title; for, though one is political and the other theo- logical — the one treating of the nation, the other of the church — yet each, he believed and taught, has a similar design in the Divine mind. Both, when each shall have attained the goal of its earthly history, will merge in the kingdom of God, which is, in the true and ideal sense, a republic, self-governing, and whose only law is love. " The Repubiic of God," although it has ap- parently attracted less attention than " The Xation," is, if possible, his greater work. It is, in reality, a prophecy of a glory to come — of the spiritual advent of the Christ in the minds and hearts of men. In 1880 he was appointed to the position of lecturer in the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he soon drew around him a class of enthusiastic students and disciples. Prof. Allen thus writes of his work there : "His lectures, though few in number, were carefully elaborated, embodying the reflections of his mature life, with many deep thoughts, careful distinctions and many exquisite expres- sions. He dwelt chiefly upon the living God as the central principle of theology. In him theology rested, not in attributes or covenants or mechanical conceptions of revelation, not in doctrines either of the incarnation or atone- ment." He died at his residence in Cambridge De- cember 9, 1885, and is buried in the old burial- ground at Concord, beside Emerson and many other distinguished men or letters. He left a wife — n& Rachel Carmalt, a native also of this county and of excellent family — and four chil- dren. Rev. Edward A. Waebixee was born in Agawam, Mass., and graduated at Union Col- lege in 1855. He taught school twelve years, and studied theology under Dr. Mombert at Lancaster, Pa., while he was principal of the Yates Institute. In 1866, while yet in deacon's orders, he was called to minister at Saint Paul's Church at Montrose, where he still remains. In AUTHORS. 125 1875 he published a thological novel entitled " Victor La Tourette," advocating broad church views, and which had a large influence and cir- culation ; five years later a poem in seven cantos entitled " Kear," and has now in press a theologi- cal work entitled " I am that I am; or, The Philo- sophic Basis of the Christian Faith." Mr. War- riner's poem, " Kear," is based on Indian legends and religious notions. The heroine is Eniskin, Tamanend's daughter, who is in love with Ne- panet, an Indian of her own tribe, the Lenni Lenape ; but she finally consents to become the bride of an Oneida chieftain in order to save her people from the vengeance of the Six Na- tions ; but, when the bride is sought, it is found that she has gone to the spirit land. The scene of the poem is laid at Montrose and along the Susquehanna. Tamanend, or St. Tammany, was a famous chief of the Lenni Lenape or Del- awares, and when the whites first knew Susque- hanna County the Six Nations had gained the victory over the Delawares, and Susquehanna County, lying between the tribes, may have been " dark and bloody ground." Proud Susquehanna rolls his waters on, Scarce mindful of the changes time has brought; The Delaware and Iroquois have gone, And every work by nature's children wrought ; Yet the same spirit which her children caught From cloud and sunshine, wood and mountain stream, And which the laws of life and virtue taught, Still lingers on his shores, and still the theme Inspires of ancient legend and of poet's dream. Hidden remote in Pennsylvania's hills, Thy vine-clad cottages, O fair Montrose ! Thy fields of green watered by mountain rills, And the pure sparkle of thy winter's snows No romance of forgotten years disclose ; Yet here strange legends of the past abound, Here hostile ashes side by side repose, For thine was once the "' Dark and Bloody Ground," Where heroes strove for fame and graves of glory found. DESCRIPTION OF ENISKIN. A lonely lake, once called the Whispering Wave, At twilight hour mirrored a maiden face Of wondrous beauty, pure as sculptors grave On spotless stone, yet dark as limners trace On chancel windows ; and a form whose grace Was like the supple willow's bending o'er Ewayea's dreamy tide — maiden of royal race, Named, as a crystal pebble on the shore. Eniskin — fairest spirit of the days of yore. Her dress was green and russet, Nature's prints Of spring and autumn, gathered at her waist By woven belt of red and orange splints ; White moccasins her slender feet encased, Beaded and worked in Nature's faultless taste Of blending figures. Olive leggings bound ■ Her rounded limbs, vermillion beads embraced Her neck, bright-tinted as her lips ; around Her form a scarlet mantle gracefully was wound. Of noble birth — daughter of Tamanend — Alike for courage, strength and counsel famed ; The most renowned of the illustrious dead In Indian legend and tradition named ; Whose mighty deeds heroic souls inflamed, And o'er his tribe a matchless lustre threw, That long the brave inspired, the faltering shamed — No glory but her sire's she deemed as true, And in its inspiration, pride and spirit grew. Beneath a spreading elm, whose branches swept The ground, her infancy was nursed. Here hung, In the cool summer shadows, while she slept, Her tiny hammock, by the breezes swung And branches tossed ; nursed as the oriole's young, That built its netted hammock o'er her own, And 'mid the leaves from morn till evening sung, Thus had her life begun, and thus had grown, And naught but Nature's freedom, music, gladness known. SAD REJECTION OF HER LOVER. " Beware, Nepanet ! " Eniskin quick Replied with flashing eyes and form erect "How thou dost to thy chieftain's daughter speak With mocking words. How couldst thou expect — No glory having'won — I should reject Thy love? 'Twere needless thou shouldst bid adieu To me." — Then suddenly her words were checked With choking sobs, and in her light canoe, As swift as swallow o'er the lake she flew, Till hid within the shadows of the mountains, Wooded and dark beyond. Here resting from Her flight, o'erwhelmed with shame and grief, the fountains Of bitterness o'erflowed in tears. No room For reconciliation now ; yet whom But Nepanet can she e'er love? and he Can ne'er forgive her bitter words, nor come Again as oft in days gone by, when she, While yet afar, would run to meet him joyfully. Dr. E. L. Blakeslee is not only a phy- sician and lawyer, but he is also something of a poet. He delivered the centennial poem July 126 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 4, 1876, from which the following extracts are taken : THE BIETH OF COLUMBIA. Fair land, in beauty wild and green, Ere man thy native smile had seen, How long since Ocean gave thee birth And made thee Hemisphere of earth? Or since the sea surge beat thy shore, And rivers rocky channels wore, Or red man started bison's tread O'er native meads, unbounded spread ? Or why sprang up from Ocean's deep, From night of long and billowy sleep, The land with forests green and wild, To rock the cradle of the child ? Heaven's descending favorite born, Liberty's babe of coming morn, Where mountain breeze shall fan her face And teach her freedom's queenly grace. And hardship's toil make strong the arm To strike, when foe shall threaten harm ; Christening her of Ocean birth, Columbia, fairest of the earth ! BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. When noonday sun with streaming gold, A-down the blue his chariot rolled, Where sleeps the bay, in waters still Beneath the brow of Bunker Hill ; The burnished armor of the foe, Its glittering sheen and silver glow, Shall shimmer in the warm blood's flow Ere day declining shadows bring Of night, on swift and sable wing. The sweeping scythe the day before Cut close the sward where human gore Ran redder streams in redder sea Than ever flowed Thermopylae. The ill-arrayed, determinecrband, Upon the brow now boldly stand, And sternly wait the coming foe With serried lines in scarlet glow. The belching cannon's seething flame, O'er jarring earth deep grumbling came, The sleety fire far-flashing, rung Through rolling clouds, its rattling tongue ; With banners flaunting in their pride, Their lines moved up the sloping side. Our fathers stood in silence still, Content to wait their leader's will, Until they saw the flashing eye And heard brave Prescott sound the cry. Then, like volcano's molten tide, Hot, sweeping down the bursting side, The fiery blast, with bending gale, Sent down her drifts of leaden hail ! While broken lines now backward reel, Beneath the blows of dripping steel ; Again they come, again recoil, O'er slippery steps of reddest soil. At dangerous post, where country calls, Brave Wakren stands, but stands and falls ! When foes' thinned ranks fain take the field, With thrice in numbers fully steeled, And leave upon contested plain, The whitening bones of hundred slain, They're welcome to their Cadmean gain. THE RED, WHITE AND BLUE. Pale Liberty in vestal robe Of starry light, in azure wove, Her flowing hair unbound and free As waves that roll upon the sea ; And fire celestial in her eye, Which saddened when the wafted sigh Fell on her ear, and looking far Away where rolled the burning star, Her sister called and victory came With flashing eyes on wings of flame, Her thunderbolts were blazing white, Her robes were flecked in boreal light, Descending now but hovering o'er The struggling field of human gore, Now hears her sister's pleading voice, But long withholds bestowing choice, No wreath to man she ever gave, Or gift, except the nobly brave ! She counts the scars and glory won, And touched the sword of Washington ! Then rising in her reddest fold Around her sisters blue it rolled, While Seraphs their white streamers flew, And made our own red, white and blue ; When Britons saw that Banner wave On Yorktown plains, above the brave, With lights that boie a magic spell, Their boasted cross and lion fell. John Wesley Cargill was born in Jack- son May 25, 1831. He obtained his education at the common schools and attended the Wyo- ming Seminary and Harford Academy one term each. He taught school nine winters. His first term was taught in a log school-house in Jackson. He is a farmer and has been something of a politician. He is not as stable in politics or religion as some men. He has been an Anti-Slavery man, Republican, Green- backer, Democrat and, lastly, a Prohibitionist. He evidently has no traditional love for party names and views things from his own stand- point. He was elected county auditor in 1853, and State Representative in 1879. It was dur- ing his term that Kemble and others tried to AUTHOKS. 127 bribe the Legislature to indemnify the Penn- sylvania Railroad for losses sustained in the Pittsburgh riot. Mr. Cargill was approached on the subject and money was offered him. He led the bribers on, and finally exposed the whole plot, and under lead of Charles S. Wolfe the bribers were convicted, and some four million dollars was saved to the State of Pennsylvania. But Mr. Cargill's best gift is in the poetic line. He commenced to write some pieces while young, and has written much more within the last two years, — in all some forty short poems, among them " The Pirate Ship," " Susquehanna County," " Spirit Home of the Indians," " Sink- ing of the Island of Atlantis," ''Border of Hades," " Land of Despair," " Charge of the Louisiana Tigers at Gettysburg," etc. He has printed but two pieces, but commits his verses to memory, and often repeats them to his friends. He is one of the most natural poets that Susque- hanna County has ever produced. ISLAND OF DEADLAND. In a worn-out planet. There is an island in a wide distant ocean Where silence and gloom and despair ever reign ; No waves on that deep inky sea are in motion, A shadow death sends o'er the land and the main. No soft fragrant breeze o'er this island is blowing, No clouds ever fly through the dead, silent air, The shore dry and barren — no green grass is growing, No flowers ever bloom in this land of despair. We see no bright streamlets, no clear, sparkling foun- tains, No trees in this desolate land are in sight; The sun, veiled in mourning, looks on the black mountains, In sorrow 'tis shining ; how dim is its light ! The ocean, the wide, stagnant ocean, is lying In sullen despair in its deep and wide bed ; No birds from the shore o'er this dark sea are flying ; The black inky waters are silent and dead. No forms that have life are before us appearing ; From demons unseen we hear not a breath ; No sound from the mountain or plain are we hearing, To break for one moment the stillness of death. Oh ! Let the wild storm break the silence here reign- ing, Let demon-tossed billows dash on this dark shore. No answer comes back to our prayer or complaining ; The land and the sea are as dead as before. Miss Sarah Jones, daughter of Austin Joues, was born at Harford February 18, 1828, and was educated in the common schools) Harford Academy and Ontario Female Semi- nary, where she graduated in 1852. She taught fourteen years in that school, and since her return to Harford has been teaching nearly every year. She has been a teacher for thirty- five years, and has written poetry as occasion has seemed to require for anniversaries or for some particular purpose. She wrote a poem for the Adam Miller semi-centennial, entitled "An Echo of Fifty Years," which was pub- lished with the addresses on that occasion. We quote the following, entitled LILACS FOE PAPA. "Oh ! lilacs for Papa," the children cried, And the taller boy on tiptoe tried To pull the clustering branches down Within the reach of the small hands brown That broke the blossoms with eager glee From the very heart of the laden tree ; All shouting in chorus, with cheeks aglow, As they swung their treasures to and fro, " Sweet lilacs for Papa, he loves them so." They lay on his table, his desk, his chair, And filled the house with their fragrance rare, Till the question asked in each chosen spot Was not where are they, but where are they not ? As he fondly smiled in each rosy face, His own grew soft with a tender grace ; All care and grief through those sunny hours Seemed banished far from his world of flowers, While he heard glad voices with rippling flow Sing " Lilacs for Papa, he loves them so." Years came and went and the " children three " Still gathered flowers from the lilac tree. They grew in stature and mind and heart, And of Papa's life were the richest part. They did not see that his cheeks grew pale, That his quick, firm footsteps began to fail ; They only knew that his loving voice Made their pulses thrill and their hearts rejoice; So they kept on singing, as long ago. " Sweet lilacs for Papa, he loves them so." thought of anguish ! there came a day When the children stood in the smiling May, And listened under the lilac tree To the song of bird and the hum of bee, 128 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. And saw the shadowy branches wave While they gathered blossoms for Papa's grave ; And whispered sadly in accents low "Sweet lilacs as ever, he loved them so." One beautiful May as the years sped on, The sweet flowers bloomed, but the boys were gone, And a lovely maiden stood alone By a mossy mound with lilacs strown. " I have not forgotten/' she softly sighed, " When ' Lilacs for Papa ' we gaily cried, And so to-day from the dear old tree I have gathered blossoms enough for three, For he would miss them, I almost know, Should I fail to bring them, he loved them so.'' Soon one by one will the " children three " Go forth from the shade of the household" tree ; Two noble men and a woman sweet The joys and sorrows of life to meet. Then lilac buds as they bloom and fade Will never on Papa's grave be laid; But memory's choicest flowers will rest In tender silence above his breast ; And the children still, as they older grow, While watching the lilacs come and go, Will love them because he loved them so. Wallace L. Thacher, son of Russell B. Thacher, was born in Harford, March 28, 1841. He received his education in the common schools, and was one term in Harford Academy, but his principal education has been by study at home. He has taught nineteen terms of school, covering a period of thirty years. He has been school director, and has often reported the proceedings of the County Institutes for the local press. He read an article on the tariff at an institute, which was published. In 1879 he published a work on " Civil Government," adapted to use in the common schools. It is an excellent little work, the result of four years of labor and thought on the part of the author. It is used in the schools of Susquehanna County to a considerable extent, and is deserving of a wider recognition than it has yet received. The degree of A.M. was recently conferred upon him by Lafayette College. Wm. A. Ceossman, in 1867, prepared a work to facilitate county business, entitled " Assessors' Form Guide," and its worth is securing its use in several counties besides our own. Honorable S. B. Chase of Great Bend, has issued several works, among which are the fol- lowing : "Digest and Treatise on Parliamentary Law " (now in its ninth edition) ; " Good of the Order ; '"' " Manual of Good Templars ; " His- tory of Good Templars," for Mill's Temperance Manual. Mrs. S. B. Chase, in 1870, issued "Derry's Lake," a good temperance story. Mes. Laura Trowbridge, of Great Bend, is the author of a cook-book of " more than thir- teen hundred sensible receipts," from a practical cook. Henry McKinney, son of John McKin- ney, was born at Binghamton February 12, 1818. His father moved to Great Bend when he was young, and became the leading mer- chant in what is now Hallstead for about fifteen years. Henry was educated at Great Bend, Montrose and Oxford Academy, New- York, and assisted his father in his saw-mill and store. After several store ventures in Bradford County, in which he lost money, he came back to Great Bend and clerked for his father, and finally succeeded him in the busi- ness, which he closed out in 1866, when his wife died. In 1870 he began trade at Plym- outh, Luzerne County, and in the unequal contest with company stores, his attention was directed to the unfairness of the monopoly system, which led to the production of a pam- phlet on " Capital and Labor." The evils of in- temperance led to the production of an exhaus- tive Bible essay, entitled " No License for Alcoholic Drinks in the Bible." His last pro- duction is a work of two hundred and forty pages, entitled " Bomanism," which was pub- lished in 1886. Mary Harriet Overfield, the eldest of eighteen children, was born March 26, 1837, in Auburn township, Susquehanna County, Pa. Her parents were William Overfield and Anna Bunnell, who settled on Shannon Hill, Auburn township, in 1836. She was educated at the district schools, besides attending to the duties devolving upon an eldest daughter in a large family,with abeloved motherblindfouryears who died when the daughter was seventeen, bringing added responsibility. The following winter a broken term of school was attended at North Flat, taught by Henry W. Smith, A.M. A AUTHOKS. 129 school paper, " The Good Templar," was issued under the nam de plume of " Topsy." At eighteen she commenced school at Wyoming Seminary, and took a scientific course, accom- panied by French, German and drawing. Here rshe edited a school newspaper, taught school, and graduated in the class of '59. She taught at Moscow, Meshoppen and Wyoming Seminary. In 1860 she was married to John M. France; in 1873 was elected lecturer in Auburn Grange, No. 101, P. of H. From that time correspond- ence, essays, obituaries and poems have accumu- lated, and have been published in the Montrose Democrat, Independent Republican, New Milford Advertiser, Farmer's Friend of the Patrons of Husbandry and other papers. In 1853 Lieuten- ant D. C. Titman Post, G. A. E., made M. H. Vanscotan historian of Company H, P. V R. C, Thirty-third Regiment in line, and he so- licited Mrs. France's services, who, from his retentive memory, compiled a book of one hundred pages, which serves as a milestone of •one of the actual experiences of war. Mrs. France has been devoting her energies of late largely to the advancement of the farmers' in- terest as lecturer of Pomona Grange and •chairman of the committee on programmes. Jasper T. Jennings was born in New Milford, on the farm on which he now resides, February 8, 1846. His father commenced there in the forest, with no capital save his axe, a strong arm and a determined purpose; conse- quently his son was called upon to perform manual labor on the farm as soon as his services were of any value. At the age of nine he was kept from school summers. He attended the district schools winters, with one term at New Milford Academy while it was under the man- agement of W. W. Watson ; this comprised his school advantages, but his education has been obtained principally at home. When he was fourteen years of age he resolved to never use tobacco, liquor nor tea in any form, and that he would save a small sum of money for the semi- annual purchase of books ; as a result, he has a library of some four or five hundred volumes. Stormy days and the midnight hours found him poring over books relating to history, geology, physiology, astronomy, etc. In 1871 he entered 9 the school-room as a teacher, and taught six successive winters, and returned to his farm labors in the summer. He commenced writing serials and descriptive articles for his own amusement. The local press received some of his articles favorably, and he wrote an article on astronomy for the Growing World,, then published in Jersey City, N. J., which was accepted, and a desire expressed for more. He was finally engaged as a permanent contributor, and in 1874 wrote a series of articles on "Won- ders of Nature, Science and Art." Since then he has written for the Young Folks' Rural, Home Companion, Oriental Casket, Munyon's Illustrated World, Chicago Popular Monthly, Saturday Night, New Milford Advertiser and other publications. His last literary work has been the history of New Milford borough and township for this work. He has held the posi- tion of principal statistical correspondent from Susquehanna County for the Department of Agriculture since 1881. Mr. Jennings is a hard student, wields a ready pen and has good descriptive powers. 1 Captain H. F. Beaedsley is a frequent contributor to the columns of the local press, and in the field of poetry he wields a " metrical " pen. Besides many fugitive pieces that have appeared in print from time to time, his more notable poetical contributions are " The Vision of James Buchanan," published in 1861, the poem delivered at the laying of the corner-stone of the County Soldiers' Monument, and the Grant Memorial Poem, read on the occasion of the memorial exercises at Montrose, Pa. ; a brief extract from the latter is here given : To-day, in his coffin, the Hero is lying, There to wait the last summons — the last bugle-call ; He was victor in life — no less victor in dying, For the foes he once vanquished are bearing his pall: Friends who 'were ever true, Army and Navy, too, Wearers of Gray and Blue, Bear him to rest. 'Tis well he should sleep near the gates of that city, Where wife, home and children his pathway did cheer; 1 See military chapter for sketch. 130 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY", PENNSYLVANIA. Where the hand of affection, when Death had no pity, Stretched forth and upheld him, when Death's hand was near. But the place matters not: in the hearts of the nation, The grave of our Hero will ever be found; And the cycles of Time, in their endless duration, Shall mark on the ages his deathless renown. Where the Hudson's dark waters in grandeur and glory Roll ceaselessly on to their home in the sea, There raise the proud arch that shall herald the story Of Liberty's homage — ouft Gbant — unto thee. * * * * * * My comrades, 'mid this universal grief That stirs a Nation's heart, there comes to us A dearer and more tender memory — Of comradeship. Our old commander's dead! The unbidden tear, on veteran's cheek, Is no unmanly sign. Bond fraternal That did bind him to us now is broken. But if, as we believe, there is a bright Beyond — a glorious hereafter — then When hand grasps hand, That broken band Re-welded in fraternal love, Shall comrades greet When comrades meet — On Heaven's camping-ground, above. Besides those already mentioned, there are many others that occasionally write for the newspapers. Among them, W. B. Deans, Jas. C. Bushnell, E. A. Weston and many others occasionally contribute to the local press. CHAPTER XII. MEDICAL HISTORY. Early Practice — Sketches of Physicians — Dentistry. Dr. Caperton, at Hopbottom, in 1787, may have been the first physician in the county, but he remained only a short time, and Rev. Daniel Buck, who came to Great Bend in 1788 and practiced medicine, is thought by some to be entitled to the honor of being the pioneer physician of the county. Almost all the early physicians, and a great majority of all the physicians of the county, belonged to the "regular" practice, as distin- guished from the systems which have sprung up in the county during the past half-century. Few of the medical pioneers had much oppor- tunity for acquiring their medical education, and most of them were self-made men, who, by their diligent study of nature, by their patience and faithfulness in practice, wrought a grand and beneficent work in the generation in which they lived. Most of them were in moderate circumstances, commencing with a horse, a few books and a small supply of medicines as the outfit. For many years the saddle-horse and capacious saddle-bags were indispensable for practice among the primitive forests and rugged hills of Susquehanna County ; but as the wood- lands receded before the feller's axe, and the A DOCTOR OF YE OLDEN TYME. roads improved, the two-wheeled sulky and other vehicles with modern comforts and con- veniences came into use. Pioneer medical practice was one of hard- ship, privation and toil, too often unappreciated and unrequited. Few of these worthy pioneers acquired wealth, but many of them acquired what is better, — a good name. With the in- crease of population, physicians are located much nearer each other, and consequently, as a rule, have shorter rides to visit their patients, which they can now do with ease and comfort, in the elegant vehicles, and over the fine roads of the present day. The botanic and eclectic systems of practice appeared in the county about 1840, and the ho- moeopathic system about 1X60. At a meeting of physicians held at West Harford, Susquehanna County, August 15, 1872, an organization, called the Susquehanna Eclectic Medical Society, was formed, as an auxiliary to the State and Na- tional Societies — President, E. X. Loomis, of Oakley. This society was short-lived, and has MEDICAL HISTORY. 131 never been revived. The homoeopaths have clone very little that is apparent in the way of medical organization. Except, therefore, as con- tained in the individual sketches of the prac- titioners of the different systems, the history of the medical profession is largely embodied in the history of the Susquehanna County Medi- cal Society. Perfection of character cannot be claimed for every member of the medical profession of the county. From the nature of the case, they have been subjected to severe trials and peculiar temptations. Their anxious, weary vigils, fa- tigue, exposure, irregularity of meals and the restful repose of sleep, the awful responsibility where the issues of life and death rest upon them, with faithful service sometimes poorly recompensed, and sometimes with base ingrati- tude, to say nothing of the uncharitable treat- ment of selfish rivals, — all tend to break down the physical system, depress and dishearten the spirit, until exhausted nature calls imperatively for some relief ; so that, here and there, one and another have fallen victims to the inebriat- ing cup, to enable them to tide over places to which their unaided powers have seemed une- qual. It is a sad thing to record, that the lustre of some of the brilliant stars in the medical galaxy of the county has been dimmed by habits of intemperance ; but it is also very grat- ifying to be able to say that these cases have been exceptional, that the great majority have been men of temperate habits and some of them earnest advocates of total abstinence. So, too, in regard to any obliquity of moral character, the rule has been on the side of rectitude. The positions of duty and trust to which, in all the walks of life, the members of the pro- fession have been called, they have dignified and honored. In the church, in the causes of education and temperance, in the affairs of the township or the county and in legislative halls the medical profession has been represented in a creditable manner. When the rude alarm of war was heard in the land, the doctors, with the inspiration of sincere patriotism, responded to the call of the country, and were ready for any service, — as surgeons or in the rank and file of the army. A century of years is covered by this brief history, and many of the actors in it have passed to their reward in the life to come. May their illustrious examples be the emulation of their successors in the present time and in the years to come ! better yet, may all be imitators and disciples of the Croat Physician, who, when here on earth, " went about doing good !" The earliest effort in the line of medical or- ganization in Susquehanna County appears to have been in 1820, and for this the credit is doubtless due to Dr. L. W. Bingrham, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. It is not known to what extent this effort was successful, as no records are to be found of any meetings held. The second effort to organize a society was upon the suggestion of Dr. John L. Kite, and the following extract from the newspaper of the day clearly illustrates the purpose aimed at and the unselfish spirit of its prime movers : " Medical Meeting. — At a meeting of a number of the physicians of Susquehanna County, held in the borough of Montrose on the 19th day of November,. 1838, Dr. Asa Park was appointed chairman, and J. Blackman secretary. "The following preamble and resolutions were adopted : " Whereas, Of all the various classes of society there is none that is capable of exerting a greater <»r more direct influence upon the comfort and happiness of mankind than the medical profession ; and, " Whereas, The greatest amount of benefit to our patients cannot be achieved without a unity of feel- ing, a reciprocal interchange of views and a unani- mous determination to lend our aid towards elucidat- ing, establishing and promulgating those principles and practices of the profession which science has pointed out, or shall yet point out, for experience to confirm, it is, therefore, the opinion of the meeting that it is the duty, as well as the interest, of the med- ical practitioners of this county to unite themselves into a society for the purpose of promoting the cause of medical science. It is, therefore, " Resolved, That we hereby form ourselves into an association under the name and denomination of the Susquehanna County Medical Society, the objects of which are, and ever shall be, the improvement of the various branches of medical science and the develop- ment of honorable and friendly feeliug and conduct among ourselves. " Resolved, That Drs. Bingham, Kite and E. S. Park be a committee to prepare a constitution and by-laws 132 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to be laid before the Society at their next meeting for their consideration. " Resolved, That Drs. Blackmail, Lyman and Bissell be a committee to prepare a code of medical ethics for the consideration of the next meeting. " Resolved, That the officers of this Society be cho- sen at the next meeting. " Resolved, That this Society will meet on Monday of court week, February term, 1839, at ten o'clock A. jr. of said day, at the office of Dr. Park, in Mont- rose, at which time and place all the regular medical practitioners of the county are cordially invited to attend. " Asa Park, Chairman. "J. BLACK MAX, Secretary." In pursuance of the foregoing, February 4, 1839, a meeting was held, at which a constitu- tion was adopted, and Dr. B. Richardson was elected president, and Dr. J. Blackman secre- tary. The original members of the society were Drs. Asa and Ezra S. Park and Josiah Black- man, of Montrose; L. W. Bingham, New Milford; B. Richardson, Brooklyn; W. W. Pride, Springville ; Calvin Leet, Friendsville ; Eleazar Lyman, Great Bend; and John L. Kite, Silver Lake. A certificate of membership, with recommenda- tion to the favorable notice of the medical pro- fession and of the public, was issued by the so- ciety, which was signed bv the president and secretary, and attested by a seal, having for its circumscribed motto "Palmam qui meruit ferat" with a mortar and pestle, surrounded by a wreath in the centre. Thus rank in the profession was to depend upon merit alone, and the common implements of the office of the doctors arc suggestive of the times when they prepared almost all their reme- dies from the crude materials, instead of pro- curing them from the druggist and apothecary in the elegant style of preparation of the present day. For about sixteen years the annual and semi- annual meetings were held with considerable regularity. All the records of the society having been destroyed in the great tire which took place in Montrose in November, 1854, it is impossible to give a list of the officers and members during this interval. At the next annual meeting held at Montrose January ?>, 1855, we have these additional names : Drs. Ezra Patrick and Gordon Z. Dim- ock, Montrose; Latham A.Smith, New Mil- ford ; C. C. Edwards and A. M. Tiffany, Har- ford. Braton Richardson was chosen president for that year ; L. W. Bingham, vice-president ; G. Z. Dimock, secretary; and L. A. Smith, treasurer. Delegates were appointed to the State Medical Society and to the American Medi- cal Association. The Committees on Sanitary Condition of the County and Fee Bill reported, and the secretary was reriuested to rewrite the constitution. Adjourned meetings -were held at New Milford in May, and at Lodersville (now Great Bend Boro') in June following, at which time the constitution rewritten by the secretary was adopted. A fee bill was also adopted at that time. While the society has existed nearly fifty ! years, its annual and semi-annual meetings have been held without scarcely any interruption, and | in several instances there have been extra meet- ings. Fdiless some other place is designated, the meetings are held at Montrose, and it has been customary, at least half the time, to meet at such localities in the county as would best accommodate the members of the society. Delegates are elected every year to the State Society and to the American Medical Associa- tion, and attendance at the meetings of those bodies constitutes permanent membership in them. A large number of the society have availed themselves of this honor, and their re- ports at subsequent meetings have added interest to the exercises. The annual address of the president rarely fails, and often, by request, finds publication in the leading newspapers. At the semi-annual meetings essays are in order, and this exercise frequently tests the mettle of the younger members. For many years numerously- attended clinics have been held by the society, at which patients have received advice without charge, and a meeting rarely occurs at which some do not appear, whether the clinic is adver- tised or not. At a meeting held at Montrose January 5, 18.19, at which G. Z. Dimock, M.D., delivered the annual address, he said : " In complying with the appointment with which I MEDICAL HISTORY. 133 am honored, Mr. President, I shall endeavor to bring to your recollection something of the early history of the society over which you are called this day to pre- side. It is needless to remind you that its records were burned four years ago in the office of the secre- tary, and that the date of its formation, the names of its originators and the minutes of its proceedings were thus lost. To remedy this as far as possible, I resorted to a file of the county newspaper, and, turning it over leaf by leaf, found a notice of the first medical meeting held in the county. With data thus obtained I refreshed the memories of the older members, and from their recollections have gathered facts enough to save the early history of the Society from entire for- getfulness. " On the 19th day of November, in the year 1838, six physicians, residents of Susquehanna County, met at the office of Dr. Asa Park, in Montrose, and formed themselves into an association under 'the name and denomination of the Susquehanna County Medical Society.' " In reading this notice we are surprised at the age of this society — more than twenty years old ! Twenty years ago there was no National Medical Association, sending its able discussions and erudite monographs into every part of the country, stimulating the physi- cians to reading and study, and infusing new energy into the entire profession. Twenty years ago Penn- sylvania had no State Medical Society to which the local organizations could send an annual delegate to report the health statistics of the county, and to bring back the history and treatment of any epidemic or new disease occurring in other parts of the State. Had it been to-day this society was formed, it would have been simply to carry out the suggestions of the National Association, or merely to comply with the urgent requests of the State Society, or only to follow the example of physicians in every county around us. But it was formed years before the idea of a National Medical Association was conceived — years before the State Society was proposed ; and wheu there were no outside influences of any kind to aid and encourage the undertaking. Whatever credit there is in the foundation of this society is due entirely to the six physicians who gave it existence. The place of its formation is noticeable- Montrose was then a small, obscure village. There were no telegraphs, as now, to put it in communication with the rest of the world. It was off in the ' Beech Woods,' by itself, far from the business marts of the country. Susquehanna County^ was yet half-wilderness. Its hill-sides were every- where dotted with new choppings. Comfortable and commodious framed houses were just beginning to displace the log huts of the first pioneers. Such was the condition of the county when her physi- cians, isolated physically and professionally from the great seats of enterprise and learning, united themselves together for the noble purposes set forth in the first resolution which organized them into an asso- ciation. The two objects set forth in that resolution are indeed noble, from whatever point we view them ; but the philanthropic and unselfish motives which incited the movement are best seen in the preamble preceding. Nothing of self or sordid interest is mani- fested. It exhibits an ardent desire for an increase of professional knowledge and usefulness, in order that they might be able to achieve the greatest amount of benefit to the patient. The organization of this society for such objects and from such motives evinces on the part of its originators an honorable determina- tion to make themselves of the greatest possible bene- fit to the community, not only by perfecting their knowledge and skill in the divine art of healing, but also by promulgating, establishing and elucidating earnest medical and hygienic principles and practices among the people. It manifests a devotion to that profession from high and philanthropic motives. " The early formation of this society is a credit to the physicians of the county, and the names of those who took part in its organization should not be forgotten. They should be again placed upon the records of the society and saved to those who come after us. " Who are the six physicians who proved themselves so much in advance of the profession in larger towns and more populous districts ? As a class (and it is a pleasure to speak of them as a class), they were ' Reg- ular Practitioners of Medicine.' They belonged to that ancient and honorable school which was founded more than two thousand years ago by Hippocrates, the venerated Father of Medical Science, and which has come down to us through the lapse of ages, with its fundamental principles unchanged and unchange- able. In every age of its long existence it has wit- nessed the rise as well as the fall of new and rival systems, while itself progressed and improved in every changing period. " The qualification which admits the candidate to membership in this ancient school is a thorough med- ical education. Not that he shall be versed in theo- ries and doctrines, but that he shall be thoroughly learned in medical truths. His mind must be stored with the fruits of close, unremitted study. Year after year must he pore over the pages of medical books, and month after month must he sit in close attention to medical lectures, before he may present himself for admission in that learned body. Medical education is the qualification, and this is the disqualifi- cation. — ' Any physician who procures a patent for a remedy, or instrument of surgery, is disqualified for membership in this body.' " To a school so ancient and learned and honorable belonged the six physicians who formed the Susque- hanna County Medical Society. It is a high honor to them that their long professional lives have never been sullied by any species of quackery. 134: HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. " Years ago the physicians of Susquehanna County stood each with his elbows out ready to thrust the side of his professional neighbor. When they met, to •disagree was the rule ; to quarrel was not an exception. If called in counsel, the life and health of the patient was quite forgotten in the anxiety to injure the repu- tation of the physician in attendance. Jf they met, as two once did in this village, on a plank over a mud- hole, they fought for the right of way. When they met on their professional rounds they often stopped to quarrel, and, on one occasion at least, did not part until they knocked off hats and bestowed other ' amia- ble attentions ' upon each other. To this there were honorable exceptions. There were physicians in the county who would not violate their honor to injure a rival. But among them was a feeling of jealousy and distrust which was a shame to them and an injury to the profession. Now, through the kindly influence of this society, the physicians of the county meet each other as brothers. They counsel and advise with each other without an effort or a desire to take undue advan- tage. The patient can get the honest opinions of con- sulting physicians and have the benefit of their uni- ted judgment and skill. By adopting a code of Med- ical Ethics, and a uniform Fee Bill, the society has re- moved the two most frequent causes of jealousy and ill-feeling. It has accomplished its primary object, and ' developed an honorable and friendly conduct and feeling among its members.' " As I am about to close, do I hear any one ask what good it does to teach the principles and practices by which health is preserved and life prolonged ? To all such let me say, we do not profess to cure every disease ; but let me assure you, the list of incurable diseases is growing less every day. We do not profess to save from death. The flat has gone forth ' thou shalt surely die.' From that decree we make no ap- peal. All that we can do is to put off the day of death, and that we have done, ten and twenty years. By statistics, carefully prepared, it is demonstrated be- yond a doubt that the average duration of human life has mere than doubled in the last two hundred years, in which the regular practice has triumphed over every species of empiricism. " During the past few years deaths and removals have greatly depleted our ranks and several are now well advanced in years. At all the meetings an esprit du corps is manifest which is very gratifying, and it is as true in 1887 as in 1859 that the efforts of the orig- inal members have been successful and have bene- fited the community and the profession. " In 1869 a new certificate of membership was adopted and a new seal, having the words ' The Sus- quehanna County Medical Society ' on the outer mar- gin, with a winged caduceus of Mercury on a shield in the centre, and outside the shield the motto ' qua? prosunt omnibus/ a fitting expression of the unselfish and philanthropic character of the society. The so- ciety possess a small collection of medical works in- tended to be the nucleus of a library." Of those who practiced in the county before 1820, of whom no sketches are given, are the following : 1787. A Dr. Caperton, it is said, accom- panied the Nicholson settlers to Hopbottom (now Brooklyn), but may not have remained more than a year. 1788. Rev. Daniel Buck, of Great Bend, practiced as a physician. 1791. Dr. Forbes at Great Bend. He left before 1807. 1794. Comfort Capron in Nine Part- ners' Settlement, Harford, until his death in 1800. 1801. Noah Kincaid, who died in 1804, and Asa Cromwell, "phesitions" on tax- list for "Willingborough." 1804. Robert Chandler, 1 at Gibson, a " root and cancer doc- tor" of considerable practice. 1807, or earlier. Reuben Baker, near the forks of the Wyalusing, but just below the present line of Susquehanna County, practiced extensively in its western townships. 1807, or earlier. Jonathan Gray at Great Bend. 1808. Dr. Luce at Harford a few years; then removed to Great Bend. 1810. Horace Griswold at Harford a year or two. 1811. James Cook in Bridgewater. 1812. Dr. Stanford in Liberty. 1816. Wm. Bacon at Hopbottom. 1818. Charles B. Johnson, Silver Lake. 1820. Dr. Emerson, Silver Lake. Of the physicians whose names are not men- tioned in the sketches of this chapter are the following : Drs. Charles W. Bankson and Plant, of Silver Lake ; R. H. Eastman and A. H. Bolles, of Montrose; Munger (1822), E. B. Slade, E. Mack, P. M. Way and Meacham, Brooklyn ; Ruttan, Rush ; Joseph Falk- ner, Dundaff; Rufus Fish, Liberty; Vailes, Friendsville ; Field, an English- man, in Bridgewater ; Daniels, Great Bend ; J. P. Lambert, Springville and Auburn (dead). Dr. James Cook, the first regularly educated physician in Bridgewater, located about 1810, across the Wyalusing Creek, opposite Stephen Wilson. He practiced there several years and 1 He may have been in Gibson as early as 1800, MEDICAL HISTORY. 135 then removed to Spencer, N. Y. Jonathan H. Merrill, son of Amos Merrill, who came to Hopbottom in 1818, became a physician and died in New Hampshire. Dr. Rufus Fish was an early settler of Great Bend, but subsequently (about 1819) lived in Liberty, on the " Ranney Clearing." He moved back to Great Bend, then again to Liberty, on the farm where Philo C. Luce since, and from there to the Salt Spring, in Franklin, where he died. Dr. Wm. S. Gritman came to Clifford in 1830 and left in 1836. Dr. Thomas Halsey was also one of the temporary residents. Dr. Merrick died in the same place. Thomas Jackson, M.D., was president of a stock company which built a bridge across the Susquehanna River at Sus- quehanna Depot in 1855. Wm. W. Tyler, M.D., came to Gibson in 1824 and made a short stay. Dr. Chester Tyler (not related to the former) established himself on Kennedy Hill, where he remained in practice until his death, in 1846. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. He had six children. His only son, James C, resides in Montrose. Dr. John L. Kite, of Silver Lake, enjoys the credit of making the suggestion which led to the organization of the County Medical Society in November, 1838. He was a mem- ber of the Society of Friends and a gentleman of culture and refinement. After a few years' residence in the county he removed to Phil- adelphia. Dr. William Terbell came to Dun- daff in 1825 or 1826, and built just be- low Gould Phinney on the hill near the Pres- byterian Church. March, 1836, he purchased the stand of B. A. Denison, M.D., at Montrose. It was said of the latter, " He can't show off so much as Dr. , but he understands the theater of medicine better." Dr. Terbell re- moved to Corning in 1837. Dr. Miner Kelly was appointed justice of the peace for Springville in 1828. Either in that year or the one following Dr. Jethro Hatch, from Connecticut, settled in the place. Previous to their coming, Dr. Jackson, father of Thomas Jackson, M.D., of Tunkhannock, was the physician for all this region. Dr. Joseph B. Streeter (1787-1883), whose name was widely known for his skill as a physician, was a native of Chesterfield, Conn. His parents, Barzillai and Nancy Brown Streeter, subsequently removed to Richmond, N. H, where they were farmers, and died in Swansea, the same State. Soon after reaching his majority he began the study of medicine in Cheshire, N. H, where he practiced his pro- fession for about one year after completing his studies. In 1812 he set out for the then far West, intending to locate in the Lake country in the western part of New York State ; but learn- ing from a traveler that the British were about to invade that part of the State, he turned his course south from Central New York, and resolved to visit his friend, Noah Aldrich, of the "Nine Partners' " settlement. His ride was made on horse-back, with his saddle-bags and portmanteau strapped on behind. He possessed some three hundred Spanish dollars, some of which he retained afterward and gave as souve- nirs to his children and friends. Upon reaching Harford he met Dr. Luce and Dr. Griswold, who induced him to locate there. About this time he was called to attend < a case of fever in the vicinity of Glenwood, which he so successfully treated that he soon became known, and acquired a wide range of practice, which extended in after-years through- out Brooklyn, Lenox, Clifford, Herrick, Gibson, Jackson, Ararat, Thomson, Harmony, New Milford and Great Bend; besides, he was fre- quently called as counsel with other physicians in different parts of the county. For nearly fifty-five years Dr. Streeter continued the prac- tice of medicine and surgery, and was successful in the treatment of cancers. For most of the time he made his rides on horse-back, which he preferred to the use of either carriage or sleigh, especially in summer-time. He was well-known for his correct diagnosis of disease, his honest and skillful treatment of his patients, and particularly in cases of fevers, and for his good judgment in the management of the sick-room. To him the practice of medicine seemed natural. He had kind words always ready for the down- cast, a pleasant story for the diversion of the impatient, and a fund of conversation at hand 136 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. in every emergency. He served the poor with the same care as the rich, and in every way within the range of his professional work sought to heal the sick and administer comfort- ing words to those past medical aid. During the last eight years of his life he was an invalid and sat in a wheel-chair much of the time. He bore his suffering cheerfully, and always had kind words for those near him, and a hearty welcome and cheer for his many friends. He was possessed of strong perceptive faculties, was ever the welcome stopping-place for the itinerant ministers of that church in the early days. Both himself and wife were members of the Gibson Church, of which they were among its founders. One brother, Sebastian Streeter, was a Universalist clergyman, and succeeded Hosea Ballou, the founder of Universalism in Boston ; another brother, Russell Streeter, was also a Universalist clergyman in New England, and both lived to be over eighty; and a third, Barzillai, was for some time a lawyer at Mont- marked individuality and both as a physician and a citizen, was highly respected by the profession and the commuuity. Aside from his profession, he was closely identified with the political movements of the vicinity, although seeking no place for himself, always interested in temper- ance reform, and an advocate of its principles, closely allied with all matters of education at home, and gave his children the best opportuni- ties for an education then afforded. In relig- ious belief he was a Universalist, and his home Zp&ZtzZ ^D rose. One sister, Prutia, married John Aldrich, in Massachusetts, and after his death resided with her sou, Nathaniel, in Jackson township. Dr. Streeter married, in 1814, at Harford, Chloe Aldrich (1795-1849), a woman devoted to her family and to the church, and who proved her Christian character by her life-work and left its impress on the lives of her children. Her father, David Aldrich (1770-1830), a native of Worcester, Mass., was one of the early settlers in Harford. Her mother, Polly MEDICAL HISTORY. 137 Capron (1770-1845), a native of Bristol, Mass., was the daughter of Dr. Comfort Capron (1744- 1800), the first physician in Harford. Their children are Diantha (1818-85), wife of Dr. J. F. Smith, died in Wellsburg, N. Y. Hon. Farris B. Streeter (1819-1877), whose sketch is in the judicial chapter of this volume. Nancy (1824), succeeded to her father's homestead, in Harford, and cared for him in his declining years. (House built in 1825). Alpha M. (1827-48), married Hon. George H. Wells, of Gibson. Joseph Everett (1829- 63), read law in Joliet, 111., and was appointed, by President Lincoln, in 1861, a judge of the United States Court in Nebraska, which posi- tion he filled until his death, two years after. One of his colleagues on the bench was Hon. Wm. Pitt Kellogg, of Louisiana. Rienzi (1838), educated at Harford Academy, at Clinton and Homer, N. Y., read law with his brother, Judge Farris B. Streeter, at Montrose, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1860. He was clerk of the United States District Court of Nebraska from 1862 until 1867, when it was admitted as a State; he removed to Colorado, where he was a member of the Legislature, 1879-80, and Speaker of the House for those years. In 1881 he was elected to the State Senate for four years, and in 1883 chosen president of the Senate for two years. PRESIDENTS OF THE SUS 1838. 1839-46. 1847-48. 1849-54. 1855-56. 1857-58. 1859-60. 1861-65. 1866-67. 1868-71. 1872. B. Richardson. No record. B. S. Park. No record. B. Richardson. ,1. Blackmau. L. W. BiDgham. B. Richardson. L. A. Smith. C. C. Halsey. C. C. Edwards. QUEHANNA 'COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 1873-78. W. L. Richardson. 1879. L. A. Smith. 1880. H. Pennepacker. 1881. S. Birdsall. 1882. E. F. Wilmot. 1883. A. T. Brundage. 1884. B. N. Smith. 1885. A. Chamberlin. 1886. G. A. Brundage. 1887. F. D. Lamb. SECRETARIES. 1838. J. Blackman. 1839-47. No record. 1848. E. Patrick, Jr. 1849-54. No record. 1855-56. G. Z. Dimock. 1857-58. E. S. Park. 1859. W. L. Richardson. 1860. G. Z. Dimock. 1861-63. C. 0. Halsey. 1864-72. E. L. Gardner. 1873-78. C. C. Halsey. 1879. E. L. Gardner. 1880-87. 0. C. Halsey. Dr. Benadam Denison, son of George and Theody Brown Denison, of Stonington, Conn., was born at Hartland, Vt., March 31, 1773. He was twice married, — first to Polly Morse, of Hartland, Vt., and second to Eunice Williams, 9J at Montrose, Pa., in 1817. He moved to Montrose a few years previous to his last mar- riage, where he resided until March, 1836. He then moved to Dimock Four Corners, and died at Montrose February 8, 1837. His second wife died in 1872. He read medicine in Vermont, and (as one of his sons says) after- ward graduated at Geneva Medical College, N. Y. He had twelve children, of whom seven are now living, and three are physicians in practice. Dr. Eleazer Parker, a native of Connec- ticut, came to Great Bend in August, 1807, and practiced medicine and surgery two and a half years successfully. In the fall of that year he was appointed surgeon's mate to the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment, which had been formed the spring previous. He was commissioned the first postmaster in the county February 1, 1808, Isaac Post, of Bridgewater, being commissioned one month later. The same year, March 6th, Dr. Parker performed the operation of bronchotomy on a little girl two years old (Lucina Farrar), and extracted a watermelon-seed from her windpipe. She re- covered, had the seed in her possession, and died at Harford in 1873. He introduced vac- cination into the county, and vaccinated a number. His practice extended into almost every settlement in what is now Susquehanna County — a circuit of fifty miles of bad roads, on horseback when practicable, but in many places there were only foot-paths for miles through the woods — and, laborious as it was, it proved very unremunerative, for the people were really unable to pay much. Dr. Parker married a daughter of Jonathan Dimon, and in 1810 moved to Kingston, Luzerne County. He was examining surgeon of the Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania Regiment during the War of 1812 ; was a teetotaler over forty years, and never prescribed alcohol to a patient in his practice of sixty years ; and, in 1872, at the age of ninety years, was hale and active. On petition of Dr. Parker, the north end of the Newburg turnpike, finished by D. Summers, was made a post-road. 1 1 Blackman's " History." 138 HISTOKY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The physicians who had lived at Great Bend, and removed previous to 1807, were Drs. Forbes, Noah Kincaid, Charles Fraser and Jonathan Gray. Dr. Forbes was there in 1791 or before, and was probably the first regular physician in Susquehanna County. In 1813 or 1814 Dr. Daniel McFall, an Irishman, educated and highly respected, came to Great Bend and died there about 1835. 1 Dr. Israel Skinner and his twin brother Jacob came in 1814 to the farms adjoining or lying on the line between Great Bend and the present township of Oakland (then Harmony). Dr. Skinner is remembered as the author of a " History of the American Revolution in verse." 1 Dr. William Wells Pride, of Cambridge, 1ST. Y., a returned missionary from the Choc- taws, was established at Burrows' Hollow, Gib- son, in January, 1830. He married Miss Han- nah Thacher, daughter of Obadiah Thacher, of Harford, at the Choctaw Mission. In 1834 he removed to Springville, and remained there nearly twenty-five years, when he removed to Middletown, Conn., where, having passed the evening of his days with his daughter, Mrs. Rev. Dr. J. Taylor, he died March 24, 1865, aged sixty-nine. Mrs. Pride died August 8, 1861, aged sixty-one. One cannot correctly estimate the value to the community of two such Christian lives as those of Doctor and Mrs. Pride. Both had gone in their early prime as missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions (1819-26) to the Choctaws in Missis- sippi. Dr. Pride was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church at Springville, and was an active anti-slavery advocate. He enjoyed in a high degree the respect and confidence of all who knew him. He was one of the original ■members of the Susquehanna County Medical Society. Dr. Charles Fraser, son of Charles and Obedience Tyler Frazer, was born in Connecti- cut, 1779. His parents removed during his boyhood to Sangerfield, Oneida County, N. Y. He made good use of his advantages for acquir- 1 Blackmail's " History." ing an education. His daughter, Ann L., has heard him say that he read medicine with Dr. White, of Cherry Valley, N. Y. He attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, when Dr. P. S. Physick was professor there. He practiced a short time at Great Bend, and re- moved to Montrose. He married Miss Mary Lord, of Clinton, Dutchess County, X. Y., De- cember 25, 1809. They had four children, — Philip, Franklin, Ann L. and Caroline, of whom only Ann L. is living. Dr. Frazer held the offices of prothonotarv, clerk of courts, register and recorder, by ap- pointment of Governor Snyder, from the or- ganization of Susquehanna County, in 1812, for four years, and he was elected to the State Sen- ate in 1816. Dr. Frazer was precise and accu- rate in manner, dignified and prepossessing in appearance. He died February 4, 1834, and his widow, September 13, 1870. Dr. Calvin Leet, from Vermont, located in 1819, first at " Slab City,"— as the vicinity of Wright's Mill was called, — but in 1820 re- moved to Friendsville, where he owned about three hundred acres. His father, Captain Lu- ther Leet, came soon after. Dr. Leet was the first regular physician in the western half of the county, and for some years the only one. " He had a rough circuit to ride at a time when roads were rooty and full of stumps." He married Miss Susan Williams, of Vermont, in 1813. They had six children, of whom only Dr. Nathan Young Leet, of Scranton, Pa., and Martha D., wife of Dr. E. L. Hendrick, of Friendsville, are living. Dr. Leet was one of the original mem- bers of the Susquehanna County Medical So- ciety. After a practice of nearly fifty years, he died January 1, 1874. He was once associate judge of Susquehanna County, and served in the Legislature. His son, Dr. N. Y. Leet, practiced several years at Friendsville, joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1860 ; was surgeon during the war of 1861, and has since enjoyed an immense practice at Scranton, Pa., his present residence. Eleazer Lyman, M.D., was born in Hins- dale, Mass., 1802 ; married Miss Sally Payne, and removed to Berkshire, Tioga County, N. Y., about 1821 ; thence removed to Friendship, MEDICAL HISTORY. 139 Allegany County, N. Y., where he studied medicine with Dr. James Wellman. He gradu- ated at Geneva Medical College about 1831. He practiced at Bolivar, N. Y., about two years, and at Speedsville, N. Y., until about 1835, when he removed to Great Bend, where he con- tinued in practice until his death by an acci- dental fall from his horse, in 1845. (He suc- ceeded Dr. Daniel McFall, who died at Great Bend in 1835.) His first wife died in 1838, at Fort Fisher in 1865) ; Vincent P. was second lieutenant in a California regiment. Dr. E. N. Smith was born in Brooklyn township, Pa., November 23, 1818, and was the second son of Latham A. and Sally (Newton) Smith. He early evinced a liking for study, and availed himself of all the advantages of the district schools, and also attended Newton's select school in Brooklyn. He afterwards taught school for several years in his native State, and '.''■■ and he afterward married Miss Sally Clark, of Great Bend. Of Dr. Lyman's sons, Chauncey A., the eldest, was a lawyer at Lock Haven, Pa., and lieuten- ant-colonel of the Seventh Regiment Pennsyl- vania Reserves ; Charles E., a lawyer at Great Bend, was captain of Company H, Two Hun- dred and Third Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers ; Dr. J. W. was medical director of the Kearney Division, and, after 1863, lieutenant- colonel of the Two Hundred and Third Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers (he was killed also in New Jersey. He then decided to adopt the profession of medicine, and entered the office of Dr. Braton Richardson, of Brooklyn, Pa., as a student. He continued his studies after- wards at Geneva College, but did not graduate. In 1848 he located at Lanesboro', and entered into partnership with Dr. Henry Shutts in the practice of his profession. When the Erie Rail- road Company established their shops at Sus- quehanna, Dr. Smith opened a branch office there, and shortly afterwards himself and Dr. Shutts erected a building on the site of the 140 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. present post-office, put in a stock of drugs and opened a drug-store. Upon the dissolution of the partnership, which continued several years, the building and drug business became the property of Dr. Smith. This building and contents were afterwards destroyed by fire, and he then erected the store-building now occupied by Mitchell. Here he carried on the drug business in connection with his profession until about 1872, when he relinquished it and gave his exclusive attention to his professional duties and extensive practice. In 1852 he married Frances (1836-69), daughter of Calvin (1805) and Mary (1805-86) Sheldon, who was bom in Broome County, N. Y. Their children were, Bert E. (1853) educated at graded and select schools at Susquehanna, and also at the Wy- oming Seminary, at Kingston, Pa. ; he studied medicine with his father, and afterwards at- tended the medical school at Syracuse, N. Y. In 1873 he went West and spent several years in Mexico, Colorado and other Western States. While engaged in railroading, as conductor of a train, he met with a serious and nearly fatal accident. In 1880 he married Anna Guilkey, a resident of Kansas City, Missouri. In 1885 he returned home on account of the illness of his father, and is now residing at Susquehanna. George S. (1859), educated at the public schools of Susquehanna, and also attended the medical school at Baltimore, Md. He also studied medicine with his father, but never engaged in the practice of that profession. He resides with his brother at Susquehanna. Dr. Smith was widely known in Northern Pennsylvania and Southern New York as a skillful and successful physician. Coming to Susquehanna when it was simply a small ham- let, he saw it grow and expand into the first town in the county. Into the households of many of its first residents he came as their family physician, and he continued to hold this relation until his death, which occurred in March, 1886. In 1873 Dr. Smith married, for his second wife, Mary E. Marshall, born in 1837, who survives him. Wedded to his pro- fession, which, in its exacting demands upon his time, left him but little opportunity to exer- cise the social proclivities of his nature, yet he was ever genial and pleasant in his intercourse with his fellow-citizens, and ever took a lively interest in all public enterprises for the improve- ment and benefit of his town. His large and lucrative practice gained him a competence, and in his death the medical fraternity lost an honored member, and the community a skilled and successful physician. Doctor Latham Avery Smith, eldest son of Latham A. (1781-1848) and Sally (New- ton) (1789-1840) Smith, was born in Brooklyn, Susquehanna County, Pa., August 14, 1816. His parents were natives of Groton, New London County, Conn., where they were mar- ried in 1807, and whence they came to Susque- hanna County in 1813, having purchased a large tract of land in Brooklyn township. His paternal grandparents were James and Annis Smith, who were born and raised in New London County, Conn., and had ten children. They came to Susquehanna County with their son and died here. His maternal grandparents were Elijah and Judith (Jones) Newton, of Gro- ton, Conn., who were married in 1788 and died within a few months of each other, after attain- ing the great age of ninety-five years. The children of L. A. and Sally (Newton) Smith were Sally L. (1808-72), married William W. Weston, one of the pioneers of Brooklyn and the parent of E. A. Weston, ex-superin- tendent of schools and a prominent citizen, and was the mother of Dr. Wm. L. Weston, the dentist, practicing at New Milford ; Cyntha S. (1810-84), married Edwin Tiffany, of Harford township; Emma A., born 1812, is the wifeof Col. C. M. Gere, and resides at Montrose ; Mary H. (1814-84) was the wife of James Adams, the tan- ner, of Brooklyn township; Latham A.; E. N. (1818-86) studied medicine and became a prominent practitioner in the county, as will be noted in a sketch on page 139 of this chap- ter ; Hubbard N, born 1821, a farmer, of Lenox township ; Deborah A. (1824-82) was the wife of L. R. Peck, a well-known farmer and business man of Harford township ; James F., born 1826, a farmer of Lenox town- ship ; and Eunice J., born 1829, the wife of John Ives, of New Milford borough. The youthful days of Latham A. Smith were ',#. " y < MEDICAL HISTORY. 141 spent upon his father's farm and in attendance upon the district school, finishing with a course at Harford University in 1836. The following spring he commenced reading medicine with Dr. Braton Richardson, of Brooklyn, Pa., and during 1839 and '40 he attended lectures at the Fairfield Medical College, N. Y. After a year and a half of practice with his preceptor he located at New Milford, where he has been in continuous practice to the present time. In 1841-42 and part of 1843 he was in partner- ship with the late Dr. L. W. Bingham. Dr. Smith joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1840 and, with two excep- tions, has attended every meeting of that body for the past forty-six years. He was president of the society in 1866 and '67 and again in 1879. He represented the County Society at the State Medical Society's meetings in 1858 and 1864, and was a delegate in attendance upon the meeting of the American Medical As- sociation also, in 1864. Dr. Smith is the premier of the Susquehanna County medical fraternity in continuous practice within the county, and has ever maintained a high position in the esteem of his professional brethren and of the community at large. In 1845 he married Mary J. (1824-59), daughter of Henry and Eliza (Fairchild) Bur- ritt, who were among the first settlers of New Milford. They had three children, all of whom died in September, 1852. May 30, 1865, he married Mary, the daughter of Elias and Mary (Weston) Hoyt, of Luzerne County, Pa., who is a cousin of the Hon. Henry M. Hoyt, ex-Governor of Penn- sylvania, and is a lady of cultivated. tastes and artistic ability. Their children are Isabella, married Charles Tipton, a business man of Brantford, Ontario ; Sidney Hoyt (1868-72); Channing (1871-72) ; Gessella and Pauline Smith. Dr. Lemuel Webb Bingham was born at Windham, Conn., in 1794, and read medicine at his native place with Dr. Avery, completing his course with lectures at the Medical Department of Yale Col- lege. In 1817 he commenced the practice of medicine at New Milford, where he spent the remaining fifty years of his life, his death oc- curring in 1867. He married Alma Dean, and of their nine children, only one, Mrs. Dr. G. D. Kimball, of New Milford, is now living in the county. Dr. Bingham was in partner- ship with Dr. L. A. Smith in 1841-42, and with Dr. D. C. Ainey in 1860-61. He met the hardships and trials incident to the practice of a pioneer physician resolutely and cheerfully, finding many warm-hearted friends among his patrons, not only in New Milford, but in all the adjoining townships. Without much of the culture or polish of the schools, he profited by his experience, and aimed at a high standard in his chosen vocation. He was among the earliest and most active to organize a County Medical Society, and on the 19th of November, 1834, he was one of six who met for that purpose, and was chairman of the committee to draft the constitution. He was president of the society in 1859 and 1860, and was ever held in high regard by his professional brethren. His services were so cheerfully rendered to all classes, that his gen- erous disposition did not allow the accumulation of much wealth, but his memory is embalmed in the hearts of many to whom he ministered. Dk. Samuel Bissell, the youngest of five children of Samuel and Betsey Pierce Bissell, was born at Newport, B. I., in 1789. His parents removed to Hartwick, Otsego County, N. Y., where he road medicine two years with a Dr. Arnold, and practiced two years under instruc- tion with Dr. Gott, a graduate from Edin- burgh, Scotland, residing in Hartwick. He did not attend lectures or receive the degree of M.D., but had for his credentials a certificate signed by Drs. Arnold and Gott, of Hartwick; Dr. White, of Cherry Valley, and two prom- inent physicians of Cooperstown, N. Y. In 1811 he married Sally, daughter of Israel Foote, of Hartwick, and in 18J5 removed to what is now Brooklyn, this county, where he practiced medicine until his death, in 1829. He had twelve children, eight of whom are now liv- ing. His practice extended from Bridgewater to Abington, and he often went on horseback through the woods to the latter place and back without partaking of food. Some of the roads 142 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. could be followed only by marked trees, and he was sometimes out all night in the woods. He was a surgeon of the War of 1812, and had an honorable discharge from the service. He was also a Free-Mason. His widow survived him until her death, in 1783, at the age of eighty-two years. For twenty-five years after the doctor's death she was so often sent for to see the sick, that her family sometimes felt that she did not stay at home at one time long enough to make a visit. His daughter, Mrs. Mary A. Fairchild, re- sides close by the old homestead, about half a mile west of Brooklyn Centre. Chester Tyler, M.D. (1787-1847), was a successful practicing physician for twenty-two years, and resided in Kennedy Hill, in Gibson. He was a native of Windham County, Conn., was examined in physics and surgery at Delhi, N. Y., in 1816, and licensed to practice by the Board of Examiners. He settled at Hartwick, Otsego County, N. Y., where he remained until 1825, when he removed to Gibson. He had a wide field of practice, was known as a student of his profession, and his counsel was often sought by the neighboring physicians. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. Dr. William Bissell, son of Johu and Mary Bissell, was born at Milton, Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1803. In 1828 he came to Brooklyn, this county, and studied medicine with Dr. Samuel Bissell one year, and at Mont- rose, with Dr. Charles Frazier one year and eight months. He practiced a short time at Warren, Pa., and at Friendsville with Dr. Calvin Leet, until he was married, in 1834, to Parthenia H. Webster. He then settled in Forest Lake, and subsequently moved about two miles south, in Rush (now Jessup) township, where he lived until his death, in 1883. Of eight children, only Jessie W., widow of ex- Sheriif M. B. Helme, survives him. His son, Alanson W., died for his country. at Belle Plain, Va., in June, 1863. With the increasing infirm- ities of life, the doctor gave more attention to his farm than to practice in his last years. His widow resides with her daughter at the homestead. Dr. Bissell was a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society and enjoyed the respect of the medical profession for his worth. Dr. Nathaniel Pendleton Cornwell, son of Alba and Keturah Cornwell, was born in the Black River country, in the State of New York in 1804. When he was a year old his parents removed to Susquehanna County. When a mere lad he began to live with Dr. Mason Dennison, of Montrose, and afterward read med- icine with him. He practiced about three years at Warren, Pa., and then Paupack, Pa., in con- nection with hotel-keeping three or four years. About 1840 he purchased a farm at Fairdale, where he lived until his death, in 1883. For many years he had an extensive practice, and was considered a shrewd financier. His first wife was Amanda Reynolds, and they had eight children, six of whom attained to adult years. Braton Richardson, M.D., the youngest son of Caleb and Huldah Richardson, was born at Appleborough, Bristol County, Mass., in 1803, and came with his parents to Harford, Pa., in 1806. He was to a great extent deprived of literary advantages ; yet his education was not neglected, for around his father's fireside he and his brothers diligently prosecuted their studies. He read medicine with Thomas Sweet, M.D., at Canaan, Pa., in 1825-27, and with Charles Marshall, M.D., at Newton, N. J., in 1828-29; attended lectures at the Western Medical Col- lege, at Fairfield, N. Y., receiving a diploma from Albany Medical College in the year 1 834 ; commenced practice at Carbondale, Pa. in 1829 for one year, and at Brooklyn, this county, in 1830, where he led an active and useful life of thirty-four years. In September, 1840, he married Lucy C. Miles, daughter of Joshua Miles, Jr., of Brook- lyn. They had no children and she survived him. He was the first president of the Susquehanna Medical Society when organized, in 1838. He was also president in 1855 and '56, and from 1860 to his death, after a brief illness, March 20, 1864. For several years he represented the County Society at the State Society, of which he was one of the censors, and twice attended the American Medical Association as a delegate. As a physician, Dr. Richardson was in the ^rMvOy?^^^^ MEDICAL HISTORY. 143 foremost rank of the profession in Susquehanna County. He despised quackery out of the pro- fession or in it, and was a zealous supporter of medical organizations for its suppression. He was remarkable for his punctuality in all appoint- ments, and whenever absent or tardy, it was well-known that there must be some good reason for it. Precise, dignified and courtly in man- ner, with a vigorous intellect and good common sense, he secured the respect and esteem alike of his professional brethren and the community to whose welfare he devoted the best years of his life. Dr. Josiah Blackman, son of Josiah and Clarissa Camp Blackmail, was born at Newtown, Conn., May 24, 1794. He read medicine with Dr. Gideon Shepard, of the same place, and at- tended lectures at the Medical Department of Yale College in the winter of 1814 and '15, and received his diploma to practice medicine according to the practice of the time from the Connecticut Medical Society, January 16, 1816. A certificate of his qualifications to practice, which has the autograph of Prof. Benjamin Silliman, is now in the possession of his daugh- ter. In April, 1816, he settled in Gilberts ville, Otsego County, 1ST. Y. He married Miss Emily Donaldson, of Butternuts, N. Y., Feb. 8, 1820. They had three daughters, of whom only Emily C, the historian of Susquehanna County, sur- vives. They adopted a son, who bears the name of Harlan Page Blackman, and resides at Wilkes- Barre. Mrs. Blackman was a most estimable lady, and died in 1864. In September, 1829, Dr. Blackman removed to Binghamton, N. Y., and in July, 1836, he located at Montrose, Susquehanna County, Pa., where he remained in practice nearly forty years, until his death, July 25, 1875. Nov. 12, 1836, he united by letter with the Presbyterian Church at Montrose, of which, Feb. 25, 1840, he was elected a ruling elder, and held that position for more than thirty-five years. He was elected coroner of Susquehanna County for three years in 1857. He was sec- retary of the meeting of physicians held Nov. 19, 1838, which dates the successful organiza- tion of the Susquehanna County Medical Soci- ety, and was actively interested in it for thirty- seven years. He held the offices of secretary and treasurer at different times and was presi- dent in 1857 and '58. Dr. Blackman was plain and unassuming, modest and diffident, slow and cautious in coming to conclusions, but firm and decided in them when reached. An independent thinker, a sincere Christian, kind-hearted and generous, Dr. Blackman commanded the highest respect and confidence of the church of his choice, of the community in which he lived and of the medical profession, of which he was an honored member. His extreme modesty in regard to the value of his services was such that, in a field where many would have secured ample means, his last years found him in moderate circumstances. He sought a good name rather than riches, and his reward is on high. Peter Harris Gardner, M.D. — His fourth paternal grandfather, Stephen Gardner, of East Greenwich, R. I., is believed to be a great-grandson of Lion Gardiner, first proprie- tor of Gardiner Island. Perigreen, son of Ste- phen, born in East Greenwich about 1710, married Susanna Robinson, of South Kingston, had eight children, and removed about 1747 with his family to New London, Conn. John, third child of Perigreen, born 1737, married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and Hannah Mumford, who were sureties for Gilbert Stew- art, the famous portrait painter of Revolution- ary days, in the baptism of his infant son Gil- bert in 1756, and with his wife and two chil- dren, Richard and Thankful, removed to Exe- ter, in the Wyoming Valley, about 1771. He was elected a town officer there at the first elec- tion in 1774, and was a prominent and patriotic citizen. On June 30, 1778, while at work with seven others in their cornfields, three miles up the river from Fort Jenkins, the party was attacked by the Indians, four of their number killed and scalped, one escaped, and John Gard- ner and two others were taken alive. Miner, in his history of the early settlers of Exeter, makes special mention of this John Gardner. On the morning of July 4th following, his wife and children were permitted to see and take leave of him. A heavy load was then placed 144 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. on his shoulders, a halter was put around his neck and he was led away by his captors. " I go to return no more," he said. Upon arriving at "Standing Stone," Bradford County, he fell, crushed to the ground by the weight of his load, and was handed over to the squaws, who drove slivers of pine into his flesh and tortured him to death by fire. Steuben Jenkins also wrote an account of Gardner's captivity as related by an eye-witness — Elisha Harding, then a boy. After the parting, the wife and mother, by the advice of her husband at the interview, with her five children, made her way on foot back to her friends in Connecticut, passing over the mountains and through the "Shades' of Death" in Northern Pennsylvania. Ten years after- ward, the eldest child, Richard, married Lydia Chapman, and, with his mother and the other children, returned and settled upon the lands formerly occupied by his father in the Wyoming Valley. He established Gardiner's Ferry (so spelled from the spelling of his own name) across the Susquehanna, which has been in uninterrupted operation for nearly a century. He distinctly remembered the terrible days of the massacre and the circumstances of his father's captivity. He died July 4, 1858, aged ninety-one, just eighty years from the last time he saw his father. John (1789-1867), eldest son of Richard, married, at twenty-two, Rosina, youngest daughter of Peter Harris, a Quaker and an early settler of the Wyoming. He was a stone-mason and farmer, served in the War of 1812, and in 1819 settled with his family at Tunkhannock, where he resided until his death. He was an honest man and a Christian. His wife died in 1863. She was a woman of Chris- tian excellence and marked individuality. This Peter Harris was also taken by the scouts prior to the massacre of Wyoming ; but, being known by some of them to be a non- combatant, was released subsequent to the battle and immediately started with his wife, Mrs. Gardner and their children, to Goshen, N. Y. Leaving his family there with their friends, he accompanied Mrs. Gardner and children to her father's home in Connecticut. Returning after the Pennamite War, he found his land on the east side of the river, in Exeter, occupied by one Jones, to dispossess whom he instituted pro- ceedings, and in 1803 obtained judgment before the board of commissioners appointed by the State of Pennsylvania to hear the claiins of Yankee settlers, and afterward possession of the property, nothing having been established in court to invalidate his claim, though great and persistent efforts was made by Jones to annul his title by an attempt to prove disloyalty to his neighbors and the settlement. Peter Harris' wife was Polly Goldsmith, a Quaker lady whose family was prominent in the early history of Xew York colony, and her mother was a sis- ter of Lieutenant-Governor Golden. The children of John and Rosina Gardner were Mary A., born 1812, married Adna Wood, resided in Philadelphia, where she died, leaving six children ; Lydia Malvina, 1814, unmarried, resides on the old homestead at Tunkhannock, was for many years a member of the faculty of Franklin Academy, where she taught bot- any, drawing and painting ; Ruth, 1815, mar- ried Rev. Xathan Leighton, now of Tunkhan- nock, and has two surviving children, her son Theodore being an Alumnus of Yale College and principal of a private school at Yonkers, N. Y. ; Phebe (1817-61) married George Leighton, and has seven surviving children, of whom one son, James G., is a leading merchant at Tunkhannock; Dr. Peter Harris, 1819; John Richard, 1821, a mill-wright, went West in 1853 ; Xancy, 1824, married Dr. F. B. Davison, of Fleetville, Pa., had four children, one of whom, Dr. Harry Gardner Davison, died in 1886; Caroline Calista, 1826, wife of Dr. J. C. Miles, of Dalton, Pa., has three children, — Dr. C. A. Miles, of Yonkers, X. Y., Edward Miles, a lawyer in Scranton, and Car- rie Miles ; Sarah Samantha, 1829, wife of Dr. G. B. Seamans, of Pleasant Yalley, Pa., has two children ; and Angeline, born in 1833, wife of Thomas Young, resides in Scranton. Peter Harris Gardner, eldest son of John, was born at Tunkhannock, Wyoming County, Pa., May 16, 1819. In boyhood he learned to work on the farm and in the quarry, and besides in- struction in the public school, he was taught by his elder sisters at home. He was a student at Franklin Academy for two years, and in the MEDICAL HISTOEY. 145 private school of his sisters at Tunkhannock during the winter of 1842-43. At the age of seventeen he met with an accident which proved the determining circumstance in causing him to choose the practice of medicine for his life-work, and afterward he gave himself to study. He read medicine with Dr. B. A. Bouton, of Tunk- hannock, and attended lectures in 1844-45 at Pennsylvania Medical College. He began the practice of his profession at Merryall, Pa., in May, 1845, removed to Tunkhannock in the autumn of 1848, and in 1852 settled in Clifford, Susquehanna County, where he has since resi- ded and successfully practiced medicine. Dr. Gardner married, in 1844, Adaline S., daughter of Deacon Lee Richardson and Lois Carpenter, and sister of Dr. William L. Rich- ardson, of Montrose. She was born March 21, 1822, and educated at Franklin Academy un- der the eminent educator, Rev. Lyman Richard- son, her uncle. Deacon Richardson was a descendant of Stephen Richardson, who came from England about 1666 and settled at Wo- burn, Mass. The line follows through Wil- liam, born 1678, and his son Stephen, born 1714, residents of Attleborough, in the same State. Caleb, born at Attleborough, 1739, son of Stephen, married Esther Tiffany, was a soldier in the French War of 1765 and was with General Bradstreet at the capture of Fron- tenac. He was a captain in the Continental Army under Washington and was left in com- mand of the fort when the latter withdrew from New York. He was one of the " Nine Partners " noticed in the early history of Har- ford township, although he did not make Penn- sylvania his home until 1808. His son Caleb, 1762, came to Harford in 1806, and his sons, Dea. Lee, Rev. Lyman, Preston and Dr. Braton Richardson, are prominent in the early history of the county. Lois Carpenter was a granddaughter of another of the " Nine Partners." Dr. Gardner has five surviving children, — Morton Atlee, married Minnie M. Wells, resides in Clifford, was a merchant, was sixteen years assistant postmaster at Clifford, and about 1882 estab- lished the Clifford Agency for Fire and Life In- surance ; Helen A., married George Simpson, of Clifford ; A'Delphine, married Rev. James W. Putnam, pastor of the Temple Baptist Church, Philadelphia ; Dr. Edward R., since his graduation in 1882, has been associated with his father in the practice of medicine ; Clara M., is the wife of Professor Frank S. Miller, prin- cipal of the public schools of Everett, Bedford County, Pa. Dr. Gardner has, through disheartening physi- cal disability, largely retired from the active practice of his profession. In his chosen field of labor he has been a student, skillful in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and highly esteemed by his professional brethren. As a citizen, he has been identified with the various public enterprises of the community where he resides, and especially has he taken a deep in- terest in educational matters and advocated every measure tending to facilitate and improve the school system and educational work. In 1862 he was chiefly instrumental in the removal of the board of directors of the township and in the appointment of a new board pledged to construct suitable school buildings. He was prime mover in the purchase of the grounds of the Clifford Valley Cemetery Association and in instituting that organization. Dr. Gardner is a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society and held the commission of postmaster of Clifford for over sixteen years. Ezra Patrick, Jr., M.D., son of Ezra and Rhoda Casey Patrick, was born at New Leban- on, Columbia County, N. Y., November 22, 1815. His early education was obtained at Columbia Boarding School. At the age of twenty-one he read medicine with Dr. Harvey Barnes, of Canaan, Columbia County, one year and the remainder of his time with Prof. H. H. Childs, of the Berkshire Medical College, at Pittsfield, Mass., where he attended his first course of lectures. He attended his second course of lectures at the Vermont Medical Col- lege, at Woodstock, and his third at the Berk- shire College, from which he graduated in 1839. He spent the winter of 1839-40 in one of the hospitals of New York City, and in 1840 located at Montrose, Pa., where he continued in practice for a quarter of a century. At first he was in partnership with Dr. E. S. Park for a 146 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. few years, with Dr. G. Z. Dirnock in 1855, and with Dr. E. L Gardner from 1859 to 1861. In 1846 he married Miss Elizabeth Jane Niven, step-daughter of Col. F. Lusk, of Mon- trose. He had a son, a young man of great promise, who died in 1861, and a daughter Jenny, who is still living. Dr. Patrick removed to Great Bend village about 1866, and died there in March, 1874. His widow died in July, 1877. He was colonel of militia of Susquehanna County. His grandfather, Robert Patrick, of the State of Connecticut, was a captain in the War of the Revolution. The doctor's youngest brother, Dr. David N. Patrick, of Schuyler's Lake, N. Y., is the sole survivor of his father's family. Dr. Patrick was a member of the Susque- hanna County Medical Society for several years prior to 1855, and was secretary in 1848. In his best days he was the leading surgeon of the county. His keen perception, ready and reten- tive memory were of great service to him in the practice of his profession. His intuitive judgment of human nature was rarely equaled or surpassed, while his superabundance of anec- dote, wit and humor, combined with the bril- liancy of his professional skill, were potent fac- tors in the enviable popularity which he for many years enjoyed among the people of Sus- quehanna County. Ezra S. Park, M.D., son of Dr. Asa and Lorana Gregory Park, was born at Mount Pleasant, Pa., August, 1811, and came with his parents to Montrose in the spring of 1812. At the age of fourteen he commenced attending the Montrose Academy winters, and worked on the farm during the summer months. He secured a good education. He read medicine with his father, Dr. Asa Park, and attended two courses of lectures at Berkshire Medical College, Mass., where he graduated in 1836. He at once commenced practice in Montrose, where, with the exception of a few months at La Porte, Pa., in 1851, he coutinued until 1858, when he removed to Iowa, and in 1862 to Red Wing, in the State of Minnesota, where he now resides. Failing health compelled him to abandon practice in 1876. He held the office of coroner of Goodhue County, Minn., for eighteen years. In 1835 he married Miss Ann Warner, of Montrose. They had seven children, of which two died in infancy. Four are now living in Iowa and one in Illinois. Dr. Park was a member of the Baptist Church. A kind, generous heart gave him a warm place in the affections of many. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1838, and for a score of years was deeply inter- ested in its welfare. He was its president in 1847, secretary in 1857-58, and delegate to the State Medical Society in 1853. While adhering to the code of ethics, he was sensitive of unpro- fessional treatment, and on such occasions could express himself in a manner not to be misunder- stood. William Lee Richardsox, M.D., the old- est son of Lee and Lois Carpenter Richardson, was born at Harford, Susquehanna Co., Pa., June 7, 1815. His father was son of Caleb Richardson, one of the nine partners of Harford. He owned a farm, but was a millwright by trade, and owned a saw-mill, grist-mill and carding machine. He was colonel of militia, but was generally known as, and called "Deacon Lee." William lived at home until eighteen years of age, when his father died. He had no love for farm labor, but had a fondness for me- chanics, and working with his father, learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, at which he worked until October, 1839, when, on account of physical inability to work at the bench, he determined to prepare himself for the medical profession. He built the fine residence of his uncle, Dr. Bratou Richardson, of Brooklyn Cen- tre, and lived with him from the spring of 1838 until the fall of the succeeding year, when he went to Fairfield, X. Y., to attend lectures at the western district of the University of New York. This was the first course of lectures delivered by the late Frank H. Hamilton. In 1840 he attended lectures at the Geneva Medical College, N. Y., and soon afterward commenced practice in Brooklyn. In 1842 he went into partnership with his uncle Braton for two or three years, and afterwards practiced at Brook- lyn independently. He attended lectures at l£/l6l*-L 'c/&J7/ MEDICAL HISTORY. 14T Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1847-48, graduating there in the latter year. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society prior to 1855 — was secretary in 1859, president 1873-78, six years — represented the society in the State Society in 1859, '71, '75, '76, '84 and '85, and was a vice-president of the State Society in . He was a delegate from the State Society to the International Medical Congress, held at Philadelphia in 1876. In January, 1849, he married Miss Mary Fish, whose parents were among the early set- tlers of Brooklyn township. From Brooklyn Dr. Richardson removed to Nesquehoning, Carbon Co., Pa., in 1848, and was in the employ of different mining compa- nies until October, 1858, when he removed to Montrose. At the end of a year he returned to Nesquehoning and remained there until 1867, when he again returned to Montrose, where he now resides. His friend, Dr. R. Leonard, of Mauch Chunk, in the "History of Carbon County," says of him, " He has always been a faithful and con- scientious physician, kind and attentive to his patients, gentlemanly and courteous to his brother practitioners and a strict observer of the code of ethics He takes an active interest in the local medical society where he resides." A plain, unassuming man, these sentiments have been applicable to him in all his profes- sional career, and there are few practitioners in the county who have found more steadfast friends among their patients than he. Childless, he has a fondness for children which is heartily reciprocated by his many little friends. He has an eye for good horses, and always drives a splendid team; and, though not a sportsman, has skill with rod and gun. Among the people of Brooklyn he was famil- iarly called Doctor " Bill," to distinguish him from his uncle Braton. Dr. Daniel Avery Lathrop, son of Hon. Benjamin and Clarissa Avery Lathrop was born in Bridgewater township, March 3, 1811. He attended school at Montrose, and com- menced the study of medicine with Dr. Adam Davison and finished with Dr. Charles Fraser of the same place. He attended lectures at Jefferson College, Philadelphia in 1833-34, and practiced a short time with Dr. C. Leet, of Frieudsville. A young man of good parts, with share of good sense and acquired ability, he located at Bellevue, Ohio, in 1 835, where he re- mained until 1862, when he returned to Mont- rose. In 1836 he married Miss Nancy M. ? daughter of Dr. Forbes. They had five chil- dren — Fredrick, Chauncey, Mary, Clarissa and Benjamin. Fredrick died in 1846 ; Chauncey passed through the whole of the war of 1861 r and was five years in the regular service after its close ; he resides at Bellevue, Ohio ; Mary died in her early girlhood. Clara married W- E. Green, Esq., and little Benny, the youngest, died almost instantly from being choked to- death by a morsel, entering the windpipe and producing spasmodic stricture of the glottis. Dr. Lathrop remarried Miss Eudora, daughter of George and Flora Simmons Keeler, of Mont- rose, in 1861. He died in 1884. The Experiment published at Norwalk, Ohio, in September following, says of him, " The doctor was one of the best known physicians and surgeons in this section of country for many years. His practice was extensive, and his attainments in his profession universally re- cognized. He was for some years surgeon for the " Cleveland and Toledo Railroad," and is said to have performed difficult surgical oper- ations on the same day both at Toledo and Cleveland^ one hundred miles apart. He was a man of great industry and energy, which he freely gave to the calls of his profession until past middle life, when he retired from its hard- ships and spent the remainder of his days in quiet, among his kindred and early friends in his native home — his health for several years having seriously broken down. He was seventy- three years of age. Death was due to loss of vital force. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1863 and enjoyed the fraternal re- gard of the profession. De. Johnson C. Olmstead, son of Osborn and Violetta Raymond Olmstead, was born in New York City in 1819. In early life his parents moved to Bethany, then the county- seat of Wayne. He received his education at 148 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Bethany Academy. Among his school mates were R. B. Little, Win. Little, R. R. Little, David Wilmot, G. B. Eldred, Ira Vadakin and Jonathan Langdon, all since residents of Mont- rose. In 1841 he entered the office of Dr. Edwin Graves of Bethany. He attended lectures at Castleton Medical College, Vermont in 1844- 45, and in the following year commenced prac- tice with his preceptor at Honesdale. In 1846 he married Dency C. Woodward, sister of Hon. W. J. Woodward, who died in 1864. He remarried k to Emeiyn Brownel of Dundaff, in 1868. In the latter part of 1846 he settled at Clifford, and in 1849 removed to Dundaff, Pa., where he remained in continuous practice except the year 1856, which he spent in taking lectures at University of New York and Bellevue Hospital Medical College (his brother, Dr. J. II. Olmstead, occupying his place in his absence), until his death after a short illness, in 1887, leaving his widow and one son. Drs. James L. Reed, Wm. Alexander, J. H. Olmstead and D. L. Bailey were his partners at different times. Dr. John Williams Denison, son of Ben. Adam and Eunice Williams Denison, was born at Montrose, 1818; read medicine with his father and uncle, Mason Denison ; also with Drs. Park and Patrick, of Montrose. He attended lectures at the Berkshire Medical College, Mass., in 1840, and the following year located at Mehoopany, Wyoming County Pa., where (with the exception of from 1856 to 1866 at Terrytown, Bradford County, Pa., and from 1866 to 1877 at Wilkcs-Barre Pa.,) he has since resided, and is at present engaged in the drug business. He was elected to the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1852. He married Miss Caroline Margaret, daughter of Major John Fassett of Mehoopany, in 1843. She died in 1854. He remarried Clarissa, daughter of Timothy Whitcomb, 1856. Calvin Colton Halsey, M. D., son of Rev. Herman and Sophia Woolworth Halsey, both natives of Bridge-Hampton, L. I., was. born at Bergen, Genesee County, N. Y., March 31, 1823. His paternal ancestry is traced back three hundred and sixty-seven years. The " History of Hertfordshire, England," says the family of Halsey has been settled in Great Gaddesden for many generations. The earliest mention of the family is contained in a deed bearing date 10th of July, 1458 (now in pos- session of Thomas Frederick Halsey, Esq., M.P., of Gadsden Place). In 1559 there were four families of the name resident at Great Gaddesden, viz. : Halsey of the Parsonage, Halsey of the Wood, Halsey of Northend and Halsey of the Lane. March 20, 1520, the Rectory of Great Gaddesden was leased to John Halsey and William Halsey, his son. On the dissolution of religious houses this rectory came to the Crown, and was granted by Henry VIII., on 12th of March, 1545, to William Halsey. The estate known as the Golden Parsonage has since continued in the family of Halsey, and is now vested in Thomas Frederick Halsey, M.P. Thomas Halsey, great-grandson of William Halsey, was baptized in 1592 ; was in Lynn, Mass., in 1637, whence he re- moved to the eastern part of Long Island. The subject of this sketch is in the seventh generation from this Thomas Halsey. His paternal grandfather, Dr. Stephen Hal- sey, Jr., was born at Southold, L. L, in 1757, served in the army of the Revolution, received a pension and died at Bridge-Hampton, N. Y., in 1837. His paternal grandmother was Ham- utal, daughter of Philip and Cleopatra Howell, of Bridge-Hampton. His father, Rev. Herman Halsey, graduated at Williams College, Mass., in 1811, and now, nearly ninety-four years of age, enjoys good health. His maternal grandfather, Rev. Aaron Woolworth, D.D., was born at Long Meadow, Mass., October 25, 1763. He was grandson of Richard Woolworth, of Suffield, Mass., who was born in the latter part of 1600. Dr. Woolworth was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Bridge-Hampton, L. I., from Au- gust 30, 1787, to his death, in 1821. His ma- ternal grandmother was Mary, daughter of Rev. Samuell Buell, D.D., pastor at East Hampton, L. L, from 1746 to 1798, a period of fifty-two years. Dr. Halsey's advantages for education in MEDICAL HISTORY:. 149 early life were very limited, being mostly un- der the supervision of his father, a pioneer preacher among the Presbyterian Churches in Western New York. He entered Williams College, Mass., in 1840, graduated in 1844, and subsequently received the degree of A.M. from his Alma Mater. To help himself through college, he taught school in Pownal, Vt., as did also Garfield and Arthur. In the winter of 1844-45 he taught school in Lewiston, N. Y. ; came to Montrose, Pa., in April, 1 845, and was principal of Susquehanna Academy until April, 1847 ; read medicine with Drs. E. Patrick and G. Z. Dimock, of Montrose, and attended first course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1847-48. In the fall of 1848 he became clerk of the Bank of Susquehanna County, and so continued until January, 1850, when the bank went into the hands of assignees ; attended lectures at Castleton Medical College, Vermont, and received the degree of M.D. in 1850; practiced in Cambria, Niagara County, N. Y., one year; returned to Montrose and practiced one year; then, early in 1853, removed to Nicholson, Wyoming County, Pa., and re- mained until late in the fall of 1859, when he returned to Montrose, where he has remained until the present time. During an active prac- tice of seven years at Nicholson he found time and inclination for pioneer work in Sabbath- school and religious services. In 1859 he joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society, of which he was secretary in 1861-63, 1873-78 and 1880-87, and president 1868-71. He attended the meetings of the State Medical Society in 1863, '66, '85 and '86, and twice represented that body as a dele- gate to the Medical Society of the State of New York. He was elected vice-president of the State Society in 1885. He was examining surgeon for Susquehanna County for the draft of 1862, and went to Harrisburg with the drafted men. He was appointed pension exam- ining surgeon in 1864, and after holding the position twenty-one years he was notified that his services were no longer required. Since 1865 with the exception of two years, he has held the office of jail physician for Susquehanna County. He was elected coroner for three years in 1860, and again in 1869, and re-elected three successive terms, making fifteen years of service. In 1872 he was elected a ruling elder of the Presbyterian Church of Montrose, and in the following year clerk of the session, which posi- tion he still holds. He became a Fellow of the American Acad- emy of Medicine in 1880. His political faith has been Abolition, Free-Soil and Republican, his first Presidential vote being for J. G. Bir- ney and his last for J. G. Blaine. During the war of 1861 he was active in the work of the Sanitary Commission. In December, 1862, he visited the Convalescent Camp, at Alexandria, Va., in behalf of soldiers of Susquehanna. County, and in June of the following year went to Acquia Creek, Va., to get the body of a dead soldier for his parents. Soon after this General Lee invaded Pennsylvania, and the Governor called earnestly for volunteers. W. H. Jessup's company had just gone, and there seemed to be no more men ready to go. The citizens held meetings. The doctor was the first to volunteer and E. L. Weeks the next. They at once commenced recruiting, and in two days had the skeleton of a company, of which the doctor was elected captain, and Frederick Warner orderly. Proceeding the next day to Harrisburg with the volunteers, a company organization was soon effected, a squad of men from Wyoming County joining. This was Company D, Thirty-fifth Regiment Pennsylva- nia Militia. The doctor's commission was dated June 30th, to serve ninety days, unless sooner discharged. The heavy cannonading at Gettysburg was distinctly heard at Camp Cur- tin, but the issue of the battle was an earnest to the men that they were not likely to be pushed to the front. The regiment went as far as Greencastle, adjoining the Maryland line, and was mustered out by reason of general orders at Camp Curtin August 8th, after a ser- vice of thirty-five days. On the return of the company to Montrose the citizens gave the men a hearty welcome and an ovation. In the fall of 1863 the doctor had a severe 150 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. illness, from the effects of which he has never rallied, and for the past decade of years, by rea- son of impaired health, has been unable to engage in active service as a physician. September 27, 1866, lie married Miss Mary Etheridge, daughter of Jeremiah and Clarissa H. Etheridge, early settlers of Montrose, and has since led a quiet, unobtrusive life. George Milton Gamble, M. D., son of George and Anna Keeney Gamble, was born in Bradford County, 1822. His father was a native of Ireland, of Scotch parentage, while his mother was born in Wyoming County, Pa., of parents who came from Connecticut. Dr. Gamble's education was obtained at Harford University. He read medicine with Dr. Geo. F. Horton, of Terry town, in his native county; attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he graduated in 1848. He practiced medicine for ten years at Grant, Pa. From 1861, to 1878 he practiced at Harford, this county, and at Nicholson, Pa. He served six months as assistant surgeon in the United States army during the war of 1861. He was physician and surgeon of the Soldiers' Orphan School at Harford for two years. In September, 1878, he removed to Larned, Kansas, where he still resides. He married Miss Catha- rine C. Guile, of Harford, 1848. Of six chil- dren, only three lived to adult age. Miss Gamble died at Larned, 1881. In 1883 he re-married to Mrs. Mary S. Blanden, of Bur- lins:ame, Kansas. Owing to impaired health, the doctor combined dentistry with his practice, and at present pursues that vocation almost exclu- sively. Dr. Gamble became a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1863. Gordon Zebina Dimock, M. D., youngest son of Davis and Betsey Jenkins Dimock, was born in Montrose February 26, 1821. He attended school at Montrose and Mannington, Pa.; read medicine with Drs. E. Patrick and E. S. Park, of Montrose; attended lectures at Berkshire Medical College, Pittsfield, Mass., in 1840-41; at Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, in 1842-44, graduating in 1844. He was in partnership with Dr. Park, of Montrose, two years. In 1846 he married Elizabeth V. Post (daughter of Major Isaac Post), who died in 1854.- He went into partnership with Dr. E. Patrick one year in 1855. He removed to Dundee, N. Y. in 1856 for two years; came back to Montrose in 1858 and resumed practice, continuing until 1861, when he enlisted as captain of Company D, Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was discharged September 29, 1864, by reason of expiration of term of service. While in the service in 1863, he was brigade quartermaster of the First Division of the Ninth Army Corps. He was regarded as one of the finest military officers from Susquehanna County, and was very popu- lar with his men. He resumed his practice and continued in Montrose until 1869, when he again went to Dundee, N. Y., where he remained until 1876. Thence he removed to Williams- port, Pa., and in 1880 returned to Montrose, where he still resides. Physical infirmities and impaired vision, have for the past few years prevented his engaging in active practice. He receives a pension for disabilities incurred in the service. February 4, 1866, he married Mrs. Charlotte E. True, who died February 23, 1885. He has a son named Davis and a daughter named Alice. Dr. Dimock joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1848, and represented it as a delegate to the first meeting of the State Society in the following year, and was one of the first secretaries of that body at the time of its organization. He was secretary of the County Society in 1855-6 and 1860. In 1859 he delivered the annual address, which was published in the leading paper of the county, and furnishes some data for this chapter. While at Williamsport he became a member of the Lycoming County Medical Society. Charles Chandler Edwards, M. D., son of Charles and Mary M. Chandler Edwards, was born in Harford, Pa., October 1, 1825. His father was born in Rhode Island in 1797, and his mother in Connecticut in 1802. He obtained his early education in the local schools; read medicine with Dr. C. Dickerman, of Harford, commencing in the spring of 1845; attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1848-9; commenced practice in company with Dr. C. Dickerman in the spring MEDICAL HISTORY. 151 of 1849 at Harford; attended lectures at Jeffer- son Medical College in 1874-5, and received the degree of M. D. at the close of the session. He practiced medicine and surgery in Harford, from 1849, to 1873, when he removed to Bing- hamton, N. Y., where he now resides, and is in active practice. In March, 1850 he married Sarah M. Stanton, of Wayne County, Pa. He has two daughters, Celia J. and Agnes E., and one son, Frank M. Dr. Edwards joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society prior to 1855, and attended, as a delegate, the meetings of the State Society in 1866 and 1867. He served as president of the County Society, and since his removal to Binghamton, he has been an active member of the Broome County Medi- cal Society, N. Y., and is Medical Director of the Security Mutual Life Association at Bing- hamton, N. Y. Dr. Edwards' reputation as a surgeon was that of one of the best in Susque- hanna County. He was highly popular with his numerous patrons for his professional skill and suavity of manner, and without envy, his professional brethren shared in these sentiments. It has been his fortune to reap more substantial reward for his labor than falls to the lot of the average practitioner in this vicinity. Samuel, Birdsall, M. D., son of William H., and Harriet Gilbert Birdsall, was born in the town of Butternuts, near Gilbertsville, Otsego County, N. Y., September 19, 1842. His father was a regularly ordained Baptist clergyman, and served as pastor of several churches, as well as acting as " supply " for others. His parentage on both sides is of Eng- lish descent, and both the Birdsall and the Gil- bert families were represented in the Revolu- tionary army. Dr. Birdsall acquired his early education at the public schools and Gilbertsville Academy, and had some experience as a teacher, but having early decided to enter the medical profession, he became a pupil of Dr. C. D. Spencer, of Gilbertsville, and his elder brother, Dr. Gilbert Birdsall, of North Brookfield, N. Y., and subsequently of Prof. Stephen Smith, of New York City. He attended his first course of lectures at the University of Buffalo, in 1862- '63, and having fulfilled the requirements for an appointment as a Medical Cadet of the United States Army, he reported at Washing- ton, D. C, for examination. In the absence of Dr. W. A. Hammond, Surgeon-General, this examination was under the supervision of Dr. E. S. Dunster, since Professor in the University of Michigan, and resulted in his receiving a let- ter of appointment dated, September 4th, 1863, signed, E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. The number of military cadets was limited to seventy ; they were surgeon's assistants with the same rank and pay as the West Point mili- tary cadets. They belonged to the staff of the regular army, and their appointment was for one year. After a brief visit to his brother, Andrew J. Birdsall, Ordnance-Sergeant at Fort Ward, opposite Georgetown, D. G, in pursuance of orders, he reported to John T. Carpenter, Medi- cal Director of the Department of the Ohio, at Cincinnati, and was assigned to duty at the Licking Branch Hospital, near Covington, Ky. In a short time thereafter he was transferred to the large general hospital of over two thousand beds at Madison, Indiana, in charge of Dr. G. Grant, of New Jersey. Dr. S. S. Schultz, now Superintendent of the Insane Asylum, at Dan- ville, Pa., was there on duty as assistant sur- geon at this hospital, and his marked courtesy and kindness are recalled by Dr. Birdsall with great pleasure. The year of his appointment having expired in September, 1864, he was mustered out with Surgeon Grant's endorsement, " Studious in his habits, character and habits excellent." He soon afterward entered Bellevue Hospital Medi- cal College, and joined the private class of Prof. Stephen Smith, to whose influeuce and thorough- ness he attributes much of his success in after years. In February, 1865, he sustained a rigid examination for assistant surgeon of United States volunteers, with successful result. The corps of assistant surgeons was limited to one hundred and twenty, and they were commis- sioned by the President. They belonged to the general staff of the army, and were under the immediate supervision of the surgeon-general. Dr. Birdsall was at once assigned to duty at Fairfax Seminary Hospital, near Alexandria, Va. The return of the army from Richmond 152 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. filled the hospital to overflowing. After several months the hospital was closed, and Dr. Bird- sail was transferred to the garrison of Washing- ton, D. C, where having been breveted major, he was mustered out November 27, 1865. After spending a short time at home, he loca- ted at Susquehanna. Pa., in February, 1866, where he has continued in the practice of his profession nearly all the time since. He has held the office of United States examining sur- geon for pensions for many years, and when the Board of Examining Surgeons for Susque- hanna County was organized, in October, 1885, he was retained as a member. He is also exam- iner for several life insurance companies. In 1883, he was elected coroner of Susquehanna County, on the Republican ticket. When the surgical department of the Erie Railroad Com- pany was organized in 1874, he was appointed surgeon at Susquehanna. Dr. Birdsall married Miss Addie E. Sweet, of Susquehanna, in 1868. She died in 1875, leaving one son, Willie S., now fifteen years of age. In 1881, he was re-married to Miss Car- rie F. Haven, of Susquehanna. They have two sons, — Charles F. and Eddie S. Dr. Birdsall has ever been a Republican. He practices total abstinence and advocates prohibi- tion. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Sabbath-school teacher. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1867, and became a permanent mem- ber of the State Medical Society in 1869, at which time he was a delegate from the County Society, as also in 1871 and 1884. He was president of the County Society in 1881, and has served several years as one of the censors of the Thirteeenth District of the State Society. The foregoing sketch shows that Dr. Birdsall has thoroughly equipped himself for his profes- sional duties, and his successful career as a phy- sician and surgeon, is evidence that he engages con amove, and not from sordid motives in his chosen vocation. In the profession he has been gentlemanly and courteous ; a strict observer of the code of ethics of the American Medical Association, and always intolerant of quackery in any form. The Medical Society has found in him one of the best of workers, and a faith- ful ally in every effort in the line of improve- ment. He has always been interested in the moral as well as temporal welfare of the place of his home, never hesitating to come to the front in educational, Sabbath-school or temperance movements. Among the best citizens of the county, in the full vigor of life, he gives pro- mise of filling a wide sphere of usefulness, while his successful practice well attests the high regard in which he is already held by those who know him best. John Wesley Cobb, M.D., son of Zipron and Sarah M. Crane Cobb, was born at Middle- town, N. Y., in 1838. In 1848 his father re- moved to Montrose for a short time, and thence to a farm in New Milford, where John attended district school in the winter, his teacher, for one term, being Hon. J. B. McCollum. He also afterward attended school at New Milford vil- lage and at Montrose. In 1856 he began to read medicine with Dr. E. Patrick, of Mont- rose ; attended lectures at Albany Medical Col- lege, and graduated there in 1859 and imme- diately commenced practice at Montrose. In July, 1862, responding to the call of the United States Government, he went to Philadelphia, and having passed a satisfactory examination, he was in August following appointed to exam- ine volunteers at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and afterward was mustered into the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers as first assistant surgeon, Honorable M. S. Quay being its colonel. He did duty at the second battle of Bull Run and at Antietam, was in charge of general hospital at Stoneman's Station, near Falmouth, Va., at the time of the Battle of Fredericksburg, and remained in charge until ordered to Washing- ton, D. O, with all the sick and wounded, when four hundred patients were transported by cars to Acquia Creek, Va., and thence by steamboat to the wharf and removed to the General Hospital in Washington, D. C. On his return to the camp he was ordered to take charge of the third division of the Fifth Army Corps Artillery until the Battle of Chancellors- ville, when he was put in charge of the Medical Department of the Fifth Army Corps Artil- MEDICAL HISTOEY. 153 lery. In June, 1863, he was mustered out with the regiment and resumed practice in Montrose, remaining there until the winter of 1873, when he located in Seranton, Pa., and thence removed to Binghamton, N. Y., where he now resides in the spring of 1887. He joined the Susque- hanna County Medical Society in 1859, and was a delegate to the State Society in 1865 and 1866. Albright Dunham, M.D., youngest of twelve children of Elijah R. and Temperance Dunham, was born in Franklin, N. Y., in 1825, to which place his parents removed from Hartford County, Conn., in the early years of their married life. At the age of twenty years he started out from home to make his own way through life. In 1836 he went to Illinois, where he earned enough, as a carpenter, to en- able him to spend two years in a school in Chicago, where he studied Latin, German and mathematics. He read medicine two years with Dr. Danforth, of Oswego, Ills., and attended lectures at the Iowa State University. He re- turned eastward, and continued his studies with Dr. Henry Clark, of Livingston County, N. Y., and attended a course of lectures at Berkshire Medical College, Massachusetts, and afterward attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he graduated in 1855. In July of the same year he located in Rush, this county. At the end of two yeai's he attended another course of lectures in Philadelphia. His first wife was Helen E., daughter, of Hiram Dewers, Esq., of Rush, who died four years after marriage. After spending two years at Meshoppen in the drug business, he returned to Rush. In 1868 he remarried Mrs. Olive E. Dunham, sister of Dr. G. W. Durga, and they have one child, a son. In 1878 he removed to West Eaton, Madison County, N. Y., his present residence, where he has com- bined the practice of medicine with the drug business. David Leland Bailey, M.D., eldest child of Rev. Edward L. and Mary T. Bailey, was born in Liberty township, 1851. His father was pastor of Berean Baptist Church, Carbon- dale, fourteen years, and pastor of the First Baptist Church at Harrisburg. He was chap- 10 lain of the State Senate three years. From 1867 to 1872 Dr. Bailey was in the drug busi- ness as prescription clerk, and at the end of that time commenced the study of medicine with Dr. D. B. Hand, of Carbondale. He at- tended lectures at the University of New York, where he graduated in 1875. After a brief practice at Unioudale, Pa., he entered into partnership with Dr. J. C. Olmstead, of Dun- daff, for four years, at the end of which time he removed to Carbondale, where he now resides. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1877, and was vice-president of the Lackawanna County Medical Society in 1884. Samuel Wellington Dayton, M.D., son of Jehiel and Lydia Harriet Dayton, was born at Athens, Pa., in 1840, and when a few weeks old his parents removed to Great Bend, which became his home for the remainder of his life. He attended school at Elmira, N. Y., and a private school at Berkshire, N. Y. He read medicine with Dr. James Brooks, of Great Bend, attended lectures at Long Island Medical College and at Jefferson Medical College, whence he graduated in 1863. He practiced medicine at Great Bend (now Hallstead), from 1865 until his death in 1883. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church. He joined the Sus- quehanna County Medical Society in 1870, and represented that body in the meetings of the State Society in 1872-'74-'75. As a practi- tioner he aimed to keep abreast of the progress of medical science and had the ability to take high rank in his profession. He was a gentle- man of culture and refinement, with pleasing manner and a generous disposition, making many friends to sincerely mourn his untimely fate. Albert Tibbals Brundage, M.D., was born in Newark, N. J., in 1820, and was the son of Parmenas and Lillis Brundage. He was fitted for college by his uncle, Rev. Abner Brundage and was two years at Yale College. He read medicine with Dr. Williams and with Dr. Wheeler, of Dundaff. He was graduated in 1845 at Castleton Medical College, where he attended lectures. He practiced medicine at White Haven, Waverly and Fleetville, Pa., until 1855, was a public lecturer on anatomy 154 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and surgery for twenty years, and resided at Factoryville. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1868, and was its president in 1883. Dr. Brundage settled at Harford in the spring of 1887. Dr. Israel B. Lathrop is the son of James Lathrop, and was the youngest of five children. He was born in Dimock July 21, 1821, in the log-house first erected by his grandfather, Asa Lathrop, when he came to this county in 1800. His early boyhood was uneventful, and similar to that of other farmers' boys of sixty years ago. u He attended the district schools, and afterwards had the advantages of some of the best select schools of that day. Naturally of a studious disposition, he early decided, with the consent of his parents, to undertake a profes- sional career, and his tastes inclining to the practice of medicine, he at once commenced to prepare himself to become a disciple of Escula- pius. At the age of nineteen he entered the office of that well-known and eminent physi- cian and surgeon, Dr. Ezra Patrick, of Mont- rose, and was his first student. Here he dili- gently applied himself to the study of medicine and surgery, and during the four years of stu- dent-life with Dr. Patrick, he gained not only a theoretical knowledge of medicine, but what was of equal or greater value, a practical knowledge of the same. While a student in Dr. Patrick's office he attended several courses of lectures at the Albany New York Medical College. Looking about him for a place to locate, he decided upon Springville, and in May, 1844, a modest shingle bearing the name " Dr. I. B. Lathrop " was nailed up, and he at once entered upon the practice of his pro- fession. Here he has remained in active practice for nearly half a century, and his ac- knowledged ability, and the reputation he has established as a skillful and successful physi- cian has extended his practice to many parts of this and adjoining counties. Of commanding stature, robust health and genial ways, his very presence often proves a tonic to the invalid and makes him or her forget that his visit is other- wise than a social one. In 1845 he married Mary E., daughter of Andrew and Susan Bolles, who was born in Dimock November 8, 1824, to which place her parents came from Connec- ticut. In 1853 he purchased the place where he now resides, which he has changed and re- modeled into his present pleasant home. He was commissioned postmaster in 1853, and held the office until 1861. In 1860 he was ap- pointed deputy marshal for taking the census of that year, bnt his professional engagements claiming his whole time, he declined the office. During the war he was active and instrumental in filliug the quota of Springville, was treasurer of the bounty fund raised for that purpose, and often visited the board of ''Enrollment" in Scranton, which he sometimes assisted in a professional way. During the war he was the only physician at Springville (Dr. Brush hav- ing entered the service), and putting a " substi- tute " in his place, he remained at home attend- ing to the duties of his profession. Dr. Lathrop has also been engaged in business enterprises outside of his profession. From 1859 to 1862 he was in partnership with Minot Riley, in the mercantile business, under the firm-name of " Riley & Lathrop." In 1864 he entered into partnership with Henry N. Sherman, in the mercantile business, at Lynn, continuing the business thus until 1868, when it was removed to Tuukhanuock, and from there to Wilkes- Barre in 1875, where he still continues the partnership business under the firm-name of " Sherman & Lathrop." Dr. Lathrop has not allowed his business enterprise to interfere with his professional duties. He has earned and enjoys an extended and lucrative practice, and his genial social qualities have made him hosts of friends outside of his profession and his patients. Their children are Henry Andrew (1850-1853); Edgar James (1852), educated principally in select schools, is now residing at Sayre, Pa., where he is a superintendent in the shops of the Lehigh Valley Railroad ; William Arthur (1854) was educated at select schools, and after finishing a preparatory course, entered Lehigh University, at Bethlehem, Pa., where he graduated with honors in the class of '75. During his college course, besides the other scientific branches taught, he made civil and mine engineering, analytical chemistry and metallurgy a specialty, and shortly after he S.0.t#fa/ MEDICAL HISTORY. 155 graduated he entered the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and is now superin- tendent of the companies' mines and coke manu- factories at Snow Shoe, Centre County, Pa., where he has his home — being married ; Homer Beardsley (1856) educated at the home district and select schools, and also at the Montrose Academy, where he graduated in 1874. He commenced a post graduate course, but in 1875 he decided to adopt the profession of medicine, and returning to Springville, he immediately commenced its study with his father, and the following year he entered the Medical Depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated therefrom in 1878. Returning to Springville he immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in partnership with his father, and, with the exception of two years, when his health failed, has continued in suc- cessful practice. In January, 1886, he was ap- pointed postmaster at Springville. The grandparents of Dr. I. B. Lathrop were Asa and Alice (Fox) Lathrop, who were natives of New London, Conn. Asa Lathrop came to this county in 1800, and located, under the Connecticut title, six or eight hundred acres of land, near Lathrop's (now Elk) lake in what was then Bridgewater township. He erected a log- house, cleared three or four acres, and returned to Connecticut for his family. The father of Dr. Lathrop was James, eldest son of Asa and Alice Lathrop, and was born in Bozrah, New Lon- don County, Conn., in 1785. He was sixteen years old when his parents came to this county. ' He had received in Connecticut superior educa- tional advantages, and was a fine mathematician and a good surveyor. Upon his attaining his majority his father turned over the home farm of two hundred acres to him. He shortly after- wards married Lydia Litheresa, daughter of Israel and Lydia Birchard, who was born in Massachusetts, but removed with her parents to this county, in 1803, and settled in what is now Jessup. James Lathrop took his bride to the log-house erected by his father in 1800, where they commenced housekeeping. A few years thereafter, at the solicitation of his father, he removed to the lake, built a home, and al- though he continued to carry on the home farm, never again resided on it. The old log-house remained a landmark for many years, and Dr. Lathrop remembers, when a boy, of stubbing his toes on the pegs that held the floor to the sleepers. Upon the death of his father the grist-mill came into his possession, and in 1837 he re-built and enlarged it, and afterwards erected near it a saw-mill. He was an enter- prising, energetic business man, and was actively engaged in farming and milling until his death, in 1854; his widow survived him about twelve years. He was a man with liberal views, both in politics and religion. He was appointed justice of the peace by Governor Wolfe, and was afterwards elected by the people for sev- eral terms. Their children were William Fox (1811-1873) ; Austin Birchard (1813-1874) ; Charles Jacob, 1815, was elected to the Legis- lature of Pennsylvania in 1854 ; is a farmer re- siding in Brooklyn; Lydia Alice, 1817, now residing in Dimock ; and Israel Birchard, July 21, 1821. Henry Augustus Tingley, M.D., son of Thomas and Marcy Tingley, was born at Attle- borough, Mass., in 1820. His parents moved to Harford in 1823, where his father died at the age of seventy-eight, and his mother at the age of ninety-nine years. Dr. Tingley's edu- cation was obtained at district schools and after the age of sixteen at Franklin Academy, Har- ford. In 1844 he commenced reading medi- cine with Dr. C. Dickerman, and taught schools winters until November, 1847, when he at- tended lectures at Albany Medical College. In 1848 he attended lectures at the University of Buffalo, whence he graduated in June of the same year. In October, 1848, he commenced practice at Equinunk, Pa., and was married to L. S. Ellsworth, of Harford. In July, 1852, he removed to Susquehanna, Pa., where he has been a successful practitioner for more than thirty-four years. In 1864 he entered the army as assistant surgeon, first at Mansion House Hospital, Va., and next at King Street Hospi- tal, Alexandria, from which he was transferred to Battery H, First Pennsylvania Light Artil- lery, then in camp at Great Falls, Md; was discharged May 28, 1865, and immediately re- turned to Susquehanna. Of Dr. Tingley's two 156 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. surviving children Elmer Ellsworth is tele- graph operator and railroad dispatcher at Car- bondale, Pa. Florence L. is music teacher and resides with her parents. Dr. Tingley joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1862. Henry Pennep acker, M. D., was born at Yellow Springs, Chester County, Pa., 1839. He entered Franklin and Marshall College at Lancaster, Pa., but left before graduating to commence the study of medicine and teach school. He continued teaching and the prosecution of his medical studies under the supervision of Dr. J. L. Forwood. He attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1866. March 22d, of the same year, he married Jennie Marshall of Chester City, and immediately went to Harford, Susquehanna County, Pa., to look after his interest in the Soldiers' Orphan School, which he and Prof. C. W. Deans originated in October of the pre- vious year. In 1868, he disposed of his interest in the school, and returned to Chester City. He held a position under the Census Bureau at Washing- ton, D. C, for eighteen months, when he re- signed and returned to Hartford, Pa., where he remained until 1884, when he removed to Scranton, his present residence, where he enjoys a large and successful practice. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1875, and was president in 1880. He represented that body in the State Society in 1876, and also once in the American Medical Association. Frederick D. Lamb, M. D., the eldest child of Darius N. Lamb (born 1826), and his wife Lydia M. Graves (born 1828), who reside in Broome County, 1ST. Y., farmers, was born November 21, 1849. Their children were Frederick De Forest (Dr. Lamb) ; Herbert A., a merchant ; Mary, the wife of Dr. A. E. Blair ; Alice, married Theodore Parker, a farmer; Ira Edward and Irwin D., business men, all residing in Broome County. Darius N., was the son of Ira Lamb and Alice Gates his wife, both natives of Broome County, where Isaac Lamb, the great- grandfather of Dr. Lamb, settled and founded Lamb's Corners, having removed from Dutchess County, N. Y., soon after the revolutionary war. Ira Lamb and his second wife died within a few hours of each other, and were buried together. The early education of Dr. Lamb was obtained in the public and private schools of Broome County, and in attendance at the Whitney's Point Academy. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. S. P. Allen, of Castle Creek, N. Y., took two courses of lectures at the Uni- versity of Buffalo, at which institution he was graduated in class of '75. Immediately after- wards he located at Great Bend Village for the practice of medicine, and has there continued to date. In 1881 he, in company with George E. Hawley of Chenango County, N. Y., started the first drug store in the borough. After eighteen months partnership, Dr. Lamb bought out Mr. Hawley and still carries on that business in connection with his practice. He is a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society, and was for two years its vice-president ; he is also a member of the Broome County Medical Society. In 1885 he was the delegate from this county to the State Medical Society of Penn- sylvania, to which body he also belongs. Dr. Lamb holds membership in Great Bend Lodge, No. 338, F. and A. M., and he was the first Sachem of Ottawa Tribe, I. O. R. M. He is an able physician, and has performed satisfac- torily a number of difficult surgical operations ; hence, he enjoys the confidence and esteem of the community. On May 27, 1879, he married Margaret N., the daughter of D. L. (born 1820) and Sarah (Williams) (born 1828) Richards, both of whom were born in Wales, and came to this country in early childhood, and lived near Pottsville, Pa., where their parents became engaged in mining. Mr. Richards forsook min- ing and went into farming many years ago, and now resides in Clifford Township, Susquehanna County. His children are David W. ; Robert W. (now a publisher in Melbourne, Australia) ; Mar- garet N. ; William G. ; Sarah E. ; Samuel (with his brother in Australia) ; and John L. Of this family Margaret N., Sarah E. and Mary E. have long been interested in educational work, and Mi's. Dr. Lamb had the honor of being the first lady valedictorian at the Bloomsburg State Normal School, whence she was graduated in 1877. Her grandparents were David M. and MEDICAL HISTORY. 157 Margaret (Lewis) Richards, both natives of Wales but residents of this State since 1831, and now lying in the Welsh cemetery, Clifford Township, where they were interred upon the same day. The children of Dr. and Mrs. F. D. Lamb are Frederick, Frank R., Robert R. and Mary A. Alfred O. Stimpson, M.D., CM., son of Oman Stimpson, a native of Windham, N. Y., was born in the village of St. Pie, Province of Canada, in 1 842. His father went to Canada at the age of nineteen, and, after becoming pos- sessed of considerable real estate, married Jane Fisk, of Abbotsford, Canada East. Dr. Stimp- son, the eldest child, in 1860 pursued a classical and scientific course of study at Fort Edward Institute, N. Y. This institute becoming dis- organized by the war of 1861, he went to Buffalo, N. Y., and followed the occupation of clerk and book-keeper until the spring of 1863, when he returned to his home in Canada. He pursued a classical and scientific course of study at St. Francis College, in Richmond, Quebec, whence in the spring of 1864 he graduated as Master of Arts and Bachelor of Science (A.M., B.S.) In the fall of the same year he entered McGill University Medical College, at Mon- treal, Quebec, as a student, and graduated May, 1869, with the title of M.D., CM. (Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery). On account of ill health he did not engage in practice until 1870, when he located at Long Eddy, Sullivan County, N. Y., where he re- mained until April, 1876, when he came to Thomson, this county, his present residence. In 1878 he married Kate Kishbaugh of Her- rick, Pa. They have a son, Ellis Alfred. Dr. Stimpson joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1876. Previous to coming to Pennsylvania, he was a member of the Sulli- van County Medical Society of N. Y., and of the Tri-States Medical Association. His pro- fessional life has been uneventful, but he has endeavored to be affable, pains-taking and scien- tific in the treatment of his patients. Dr. William Nelson Green, son of Rob- ert and Melissa Green, was born at Factory- ville, Pa., in 1826. He was engaged in agricu- cultural pursuits until 1849, when he married Euphemia A. Carmon. He then engaged in mercantile pursuits for ten years. His wife died in 1859, leaving one child. In 1860 he married Miss Sarah J. Millard. He read med- icine with Dr. A. C Blakeslee, of Nicholson, Pa., and attended his first course of lectures in New York City. He commenced practice in Wyoming County, Pa., in 1865, and not long afterward removed to Hopbottom, where he re- sided and practiced almost continuously until his death, 1886. He attended a second course of lec- tures at the University of Buffalo in 1876-77, graduating there in the latter year. He united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1849. He became a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1868. Dr. E. P. Hines. — James Hines was born in the north of Ireland and came to this country in early manhood. He located in Bradford County, Pa., and carried on the business of a stone-mason until a short time before his death. He married a Miss Hancock, of that county, who bore him Jesse, John and Marquis. The latter became farmers there. The former, Jesse Hines (1805-1882), moved to Susquehanna County when a young man, and there married Sarah Morley, who was born in 1807 in Auburn township, and now lives at Lacey- ville, Wyoming County. Their children were : Thomas M. enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and died at Harrisburg from sickness contracted while in the field. Charles G., a farmer in Wyoming County. Sarah Elizabeth resides at Laceyville. Eben P. (Dr. E. P. Hines) and Alzina married Charles Ford, of LeRaysville. Eben P. Hines obtained his edu- cation at the district school and Montrose Academy, supplemented by a course at Har- ford University, in 1855 and 1856, for eight or nine terms succeeding which he taught schools in Susquehanna and Wyoming Counties. Having chosen a medical profession for his life-work, he pursued studies to that end with Dr. Thompson, of Laceyville, and attended the Medical Department of the University of Mich- igan, from which institution he was graduated in 1865. The following year he settled at Friendsville for the practice of his profession, 158 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. arid there remained until June, 1879, having in the meantime attended lectures and been gradu- ated from the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia in the class of 1874. In 1876 he was nominated by the Republican party and elected as a member of the State Legislature, in which body he sat during the two sessions of 1877-78, and served upon committees as fol- lows : Pensions and Gratuities, Geological Sur- vey, Labor and Industry, Corporations and Counties and Townships. Dr. Hines removed to Great Bend in 1879, and his large practice attests the consideration of the citizens for his ability. He is now serving his second term as burgess of the borough of Great Bend. He is a member of the Susquehanna County and also of the Broome County, N. Y., Medical So- cieties, and has upon various occasions been delegated therefrom. Dr. Hines is active in the Masonic Order, and holds membership in the Great Bend Lodge, No. 338, Chapter No. 210, R. A. M., and Commandery No. 27, K. T. On April 12, 1870, he married Eliza Foster, of Dimock the daughter of John (born 1814) and Amanda (Tyler) (1822-1884) Foster. John Foster is the son of James and Mary (Mains) Foster, who came from Ulster, Ireland, in 1813, and settled in Orange Co., N. Y., where John was born. The family removed to Dimock township, this county, in 1838 and engaged in farming. In 1865 John Foster went into the hotel business, which he continued, first at Dimock Corners, then at Friendsville, until 1879, when he re- tired. His children are : Eliza (Mrs. Dr. Hines), Josephine (Mrs. Charles Glidden, of Friendsville), Frank L., a farmer near Friends- ville, and John, now lumbering in Minnesota. To Dr. E. P. and Eliza (Foster) Hines have been born — Carrie, John F. (died in his third year), Lillian Josephine, Daisy, and an infant son unnamed. Edgar Levander Handrick, M. D., second son of Wakeman and Urania Stone Handrick, was born in what is now Jessup town- ship in 1 840. His early education was in com- mon schools and at the Montrose Academy when Prof. J. F. Stoddard was Principal. He began to read medicine with Dr. W. L. Rich- ardson at Nesquehoning, Pa., in 1860. He at- tended lectures at Jefferson Medical College in 1861-63, graduating there in the latter year. He commenced practice at Friendsville in 1863 and still resides there. In 1865 he married Martha D., daughter of the late Dr. Calvin Leet, of Friendsville. They have a son, Frank D. Dr. Handrick had an extensive practice, and is held in high regard by his pa- trons. He was a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1868. William Rogers, M. D., a practicing physician at South Gibson for fourteen years past, was born in Harford September 24, 1839, and is the son of Jeremiah and Margaret Martin Rogers, who were of Scotch-Irish origin, natives of Ireland, came to Newburgh, N. Y., soon after their marriage, and six years after- ward about 1835, settled in Harford, where they resided the remainder of their lives. They were farmers. The father died in 1880 at the age of eighty-six ; the mother died at seventy- eight years of age. William was reared on the farm, received his preparatory education at the Harford Academy and was a teacher for several terms in the home district schools. He began reading medicine in the spring of 1862 with Dr. A. M. Tiffany, of Harford, but in the fall of that year he enlisted at Harrisburg in Com- pany C, Captain Bowen, Third Pa. Artillery, and offered his services to the Union cause. During that winter the troops remained en- camped near Fortress Monroe. In the spring he was detailed on a flag of truce boat, where he served until June 1st, when he was taken prisoner but fortunately paroled the same day, and returned to Fortress Monroe where he was exchanged. In the fall of 1863 he was detailed to serve on provost guard and mounted as a scout. He served on the Peninsula until the capture of Jeff. Davis, when he was appointed a military detective under General Miles, who had charge of the noted rebel prisoner. In this capacity he served some two months, when he was honorably discharged and returned home. He at once resumed the study of medicine, and while prosecuting his studies attended Lowell's Commercial College, from which he was gradu- ated in 1865. He attended three courses of & i r, H^^^s MEDICAL HISTOKY. 159 lectures at the University of Michigan, and was graduated from that institution in the class of '69. Dr. Rogers prospected for some time, but finally after practicing his profession in differ- ent places for about two years, settled at South Gibson, where he has continued since a success- ful practice, his ride reaching adjoining and more distant localities. Dr. Rogers is reputed as a physician of quick perception and correct diagnosis of disease, dren of Jeremiah Rogers are : James, of Har- ford ; John M., St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin ; Margaret, wife of J. W. Lewis, residing on the Rogers homestead in Harford. Jane died at the age of twenty-six, and Louisa Rogers died at the age of thirteen. Dr. Frederick Filewood, son of John and Ann Filewood, was born in London, Eng- land, 1821. His father was a gardener or bailiff on a gentleman's estate. At the age of fourteen skillful in his treatment, and a student of the profession to which he belongs. Dr. Rogers became a member of the Susquehanna Medical Society soon after beginning the practice of medicine, and he is Post Commander of the Charles M. Holmes Post, G. A. R., of Gibson. His first wife, Mary D. Brainerd, of Harford, died 1881. His second wife, Helen M. Potter, of Gibson, died Feb. 2, 1887. The other chil- he began learning the machinist's trade, and served seven years. He worked at his trade about twenty-two years, first in England (came to America in 1853) then worked a few months at Piermont, then came to Susquehanna, where he lived until his death, which occurred April 11, 1886. He married Angela Benson, March 29, 1861, and about three years after this he left the machine shop and began the practice of 160 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. medicine. His early education was obtained at the common schools; his medical education con- sisted in lectures heard at Guy's Hospital during the time he was learning his trade ; he would hear two lectures in the morning before his hours begun at the shop. He is said to bear a very striking resemblance to his father in looks and manner. He had no children. His widow survives him. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1878, and was a regular attendant at its meetings. George Maetin Harrison, M.D., eldest son of Joseph H. and Mary M. Harrison, was born in Union township, Luzerne County, 1851. In 1872 he began to read medicine with A. D. Tewksbury, M.D., of Ashley, Luzerne County. In 1873 he entered the medical department of the University of Michigan, where, having at- tended two full courses of lectures, he graduated in 1875. He practiced in a small mining town in Luzerne County until August, 1876, when he removed to Fairdale, in Susquehanna County. In 1877 he married Eva M., daughter of David and Catharine Olmstead, of. Fairdale. They have one daughter and two sons. In Novem- ber, 1881, he removed to Auburn Centre, his present residence. He became a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society in May, 1879. David Carlyle Ainey, M.D., the third son of Jacob and Catharine (Kinnan) Ainey, was born in Dimock township, Susquehanna County, Pa., May 31, 1837. He is of French extraction, his ancestors having been Huguenots who came to this country subsequent to the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis Fourteenth, and settled in the Mohawk Valley, Montgomery County, N. Y. His paternal grandfather, William Ainey (1776-1850), born in Fulton County, N. Y., married Hannah Crawford, who was born in Connecticut and died in 1835, and made a home a few miles south of Goshen, N. Y., whence they came to Susquehanna County in 1825, and located in Brooklyn township, where they both died. His maternal grandfather, John Morrison Kinnan, was of Irish descent, his father, Rev. John Kinnan from the north of Ireland, having settled in Orange County, N. Y., about 1767. Jacob Ainey (1802-1854), the son of Wil- liam and Hannah, was born in Orange County, and in 1824 married Catharine Kinnan (1804- 1875). The following year they moved to Brooklyn township, this county, and, some years afterwards, to Dimock township. Their children were John, a prosperous farmer in Springville ; William H., a lawyer, banker and ironmaster at Allentowu, Pa. ; David O, as stated ; Albert J., a practicing physician at Brooklyn, Pa. ; and Hannah M. and Sarah A., who died in early womanhood. Dr. D. C. Ainey obtained his education at the old Woodruff Academy at Dimock, and further prosecuted his studies at Harford Uni- versity in 1854, also later at Oberlin College, Ohio. He began reading medicine in 1857 with Dr. E. M. Buckingham, of Springfield, Ohio, and later with Dr. Ezra Patrick, of Montrose. He attended lectures at the Medical Depart- ment of Yale College, New Haven, Conn., and received the degree of M.D. from that institu- tion in 1860. In February of the same year he entered into partnership with Dr. L. W. Bingham, of New Milford, and so continued until July, 1861, when he engaged in the drug business in connection with practice, which was thus continued until 1874. He was postmaster of New Milford from 1864 to 1885. In 1869 he was burgess of the borough of New Milford. On October 28, 1861, he married Kate, daugh- ter of Hiram and Amanda (Whipple) Blakes- lee, of Dimock. They have two sons, — Wil- liam D. B., a law student in the office of his uncle, Dr. E. L.- Blakeslee, Montrose, and Charles H. Ainey. Dr. Ainey is District Deputy Grand Master of the Masonic fraternity for the Fifteenth District, and holds membership in New Milford Lodge No. 507, Great Bend Chapter No. 210, and Great Bend Commandery No. 27, K. T. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1861, and represented that body at the meetings of the State society in 1874 and 1884. His medical attainments and surgical ability, with his large experience and native suavity of manner, have given him high rank among his MEDICAL HISTOKY. 161 professional brethren and in the community where the active years of his life have been spent. His instruction and aid as preceptor have been obtained by a number of students who have since taken honorable rank iu their chosen pro- fession, among them being Dr. E. L. Blakeslee, now practicing law at Montrose ; Dr. A. J. Ainey, of Brooklyn ; Dr. J. J. Boyle, of Sus- quehanna ; Dr. William R. Blakeslee, of Har- ford ; and Dr. G. P. Clements, now of Harlem, N. Y. Albert Joseph Ainey, M. D., son of Jacob and Catharine Kinnan Ainey, was born in Dimock, Susquehanna County, Pa., March 26, 1838. His early years were spent on a farm, ■and the educational advantages of Dimock Academy, Harford University and Montrose Academy were improved by him. In June, 1863, he enlisted in Captain C. C. Halsey's •company of volunteer militia, and was in the service thirty-five days. He read medicine with his brother, Dr. D. C. Ainey, of New Milford, and attended his first course of lectures at the University of Michigan in 1864-'65, and his second at the Medical Department of Yale Col- lege in 1866-'67 ; receiving the degree of M. D. •in the latter year. He practiced a short time at New Milford and removed to Brooklyn, Pa., in August, 1867, where he has enjoyed a large and successful practice to the present time. December 8, 1874, he was married to L. Maria Haight, of Birchardville, Pa. Dr. Ainey joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1869, and was a delegate to the State Medical Society in 1885. Nathan Callender Mackey, M. D., son of David and Miranda C. Griggs Mackey, was born in Harford, Pa., September 7, 1848, and in 1852 removed with his parents to New Mil- ford, where his early education was obtained, and subsequently at the Academy in New Milford Borough. He, at the age of eighteen, ■commenced teaching district school. He took a course in the State Normal School at Mans- field, from 1869 to 1871 inclusive, commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. C. Blakeslee, of Nicholson, Pa., iu June, 1871, and was principal of the Graded School of that place for two years, while pursuing his medical studies. He entered the medical department of Yale College in 1873, attended two courses of lec- tures, and graduated at the University of New York City, February, 1875 ; commenced prac- tice at Foster, Pa., and in July, 1876, removed to Springville, where he secured a good practice, and was held in high regard. November 23, 1875, he married Nellie J. Marcy, of Nichol- son. His wife died very suddenly in 1879. He married Miss Anna M., daughter of Miles W. Bliss, of Waverly, in 1883. He became a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1876, and on his removal to Waverly joined the Lackawanna County Medical Society. James D. Leslie, M. D. (1843-'81), son of John Leslie, of Harford, received his prepara- tory education at Harford Academy, attended lectures at Ann Arbor Medical College, Michi- gan, and was graduated there in the class of '69. He practiced his profession at Susque- hanna for a number of years, and settled at Lincoln, Neb. He went to Hickman, Ky., during the great epidemic, yellow-fever, where he showed great heroism and skill in the treat- ment of the sick — for which he was presented by the citizens with many valuable presents, among which was a gold-headed cane. The eminent Dr. Blackburn subsequently introduced him to the citizens of Louisville as the hero of Hickman. He, himself, also became afflicted with the disease, from which he never recovered his former health. He was surgeon of the Burlington and Missouri Railroad, while a resi- dent of Lincoln. He died at Susquehanna, Pa., while on a visit to his home and relatives. Ellen Eliza Mitchell, M. D., was born in New Milford township, in 1829. Her parents, Seth and Comphey Lewis Mitchell, were natives of Connecticut and among the early settlers of Susquehanna County. At the age of seven years she lost her mother. In childhood she most faithfully improved the ad- vantages of the district school until she passed therefrom to the old Montrose Academy, where she recalls, with pleasure, Dr. C. C. Halsey, of Montrose, who was principal during two years of her attendance. The closing two years of her school-life were passed at the Academy in Hamilton, N. Y. She subsequently taught 162 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANxNA COUNTY, PExNNSYLVANIA. school in Bridgewater township, Smithboro, N. Y., Pella, Iowa, and Warsaw, Illinois. At different times she was an assistant in the High School at Montrose, and taught several terms of private school. In 1849 she united with the Bridgewater Baptist Church, at Montrose, and henceforth her teaching was viewed in the light of Mission work. In May, 1861, she commenced a course of instruction in surgical nursing at Bellevue Hos- pital, N. Y., preparatory to assuming the duties of an army nurse, a service in which she was engaged for four years, at different hospitals about Washington, D. C, and Knight Hospital, New Haven, Conn. In May, 1864, she was at Fredericksburg, Va., and afterward at Judiciary Square Hospital, Washington, D. C, until June, 1865. A full sketch of her army work is in "Woman's Work in the Civil War,'' pp. 420-'26. After recuperating from this exhaustive ser- vice, she taught in Illinois, Iowa and the colored school in Montrose, and at the same time entered her name in the office of Dr. C. C. Halsey, of Montrose, as a student of medicine. She entered the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary, whence she graduated in 1870, and afterward spent a year as assistant resident physician at the Infirmary. She then practiced four years at Fond du Lac, Wis., and was one of the Censors of the County Medical Society. She returned to Montrose and joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1877, and engaged in practice until the summer of 1878, when she took a tour of two months to Europe. On her return she entered into correspondence with Mission Boards, and was appointed Medical Missionary to Maulmain, Burmah, by the Baptist Board of Foreign Mis- sions, and sailed in October, 1879. Here she has led an active, useful life in the service of Him, to whom thirty years before she had consecrated herself. Possessing; hig-h intellectual endowments with indomitable en- ergy, she has sought the physical and spiritual welfare of fallen humanity in far-off heathen- lands, — and in the day of final reckoning it will doubtless be said of her "She hath done what she could." Julius Jerome Boyle, M.D., son of Hon. John and Rachel McCarty Boyle, was born at New Milford in 1846. He received his early education at the district and graded schools of New Milford and at St. Joseph's College. Read medicine with Dr. D. C. Ainey, of New Mil- ford. In 1866-67 attended lectures at Rush Medical College, Chicago, 111., and the follow- ing year at Buffalo University, N. Y., where he received the degree of M.D. in 1869. He practiced about one year in Syracuse, N. Y., then in Ottawa, 111., from 1870 to 1874, when he spent two years in California for the benefit of his health. He returned to Ottawa, but soon, finding his disease returning, he came to New Milford and remained until 1877, when he located at Susquehanna, where he has since been in continuous practice. He married Cece- lia F. Kilellea, of Ottawa, 111., in October, 1872. Four children have been born to them, of whom only two are living. Dr. Boyle was appointed examining surgeon for pensions at the time an examining board was organized in Susquehanna County, in 1885. Emily H. Wells, M.D.. daughter of Per- rin and Emily Wells, was born at Towanda, Pa., November 17, 1840, and two years later removed with her parents to South Bridgewater. She received her early education at the " little red school -house," of that district, and after- ward attended the schools at Montrose and Harford. She graduated at the State Normal School, at Mansfield, Pa. Attended lectures at Woman's Medical College (of New York) In- firmary, whence she graduated in 1873. Had about fifteen months hospital practice, first as student and afterward as physician. Located at Binghamton, N. Y., November, 1874, where she has been in continuous practice to the pres- ent time. She joined the Broome County Med- ical Society in 1875, was elected treasurer in 1885, and re-elected in 1886. She has been treated with courtesy and kindness by all the members of the profession. Dr. Wells joined the Presbyterian Church at Montrose in 1856, thence in 1873 took letter to Dr. John Hall's church, New York City and thence to First Presbyterian Church, Binghamton, N. Y. Dr. John Dunning Vail, the well-known MEDICAL HISTORY. 163 and popular homoeopathic physician, was born at Goshen, N. Y., December 3, 1831, and after receiving his preparatory education at Farmers' Hall Academy, Orange County, entered Berk- shire Medical College, Pittsfield, Mass., and was graduated therefrom in 1855. He imme- diately commenced the practice of medicine in Brackneyville, Pa., and married Augusta, eldest daughter of Captain John "W. Brackney, of gentleman thoroughly proficient in his profess- ion, which standing he has gained from close study and practical experience. The liberal views which he entertains towards others who differ from him in the theory and practice of medicine, his care of and devotion to his pa- tients, his safe and judicious counsel and his constant attendance upon his professional du- ties, have made his name widely and favorably that place, who died the same year. In 1859, through the advice of Dr. Hand, of Bingham - ton, and following his own inclination, he began to investigate the principles of homoeopathy. In this field he found a wide and interesting study, and became convinced of its superior theory of practice and consequent results, and accordingly adopted homoeopathy as his regular practice. Dr. Vail maintains the highest standing among the medical fraternity, and is a known throughout this part of the country. Dr. Vail is a member of the Homceopathic Medical Society of Broome County, N. Y., and since 1876 has been a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. Dr. Vail settled at Montrose in 1861, becoming the first at Montrose, if not in the county, to open an office for the regular practice of homoeopathy. His wife, whom he married in 1863, is Margaret, a daughter of H. R. Esmond, who settled in 164 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Susquehanna County from Saratoga, N. Y. In 1864 he built his present residence at Montrose, where he still resides with his wife and only child, Alma Louise, an honored and respected citizen. Dr. Vail and family are members of the Presbyterian Church. Sylvanus Sandford Mulford, M.D., son of Sylvanus Sandford and Fanny Jessup Mulford, was born at Montrose, January 24, 1830. He received his early education at Montrose and Cortland Academy, at Homer, N. Y. Graduated at Yale College in 1850. Read medicine with Dr. J. Blackman, of Montrose. Attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York City whence he graduated. Had considerable hos- pital experience in New York City and Europe. Practiced ever since in New York City, except during the war of 1861. July 4, 1861, he was commissioned by Governor Morgan as surgeon's mate, and 1st of September following as sur- geon of the Thirty-third Regiment, New York Volunteers. February 28th, 1863, he received a commission as surgeon of volunteers, signed by A. Lincoln and E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. In 1864 he was chief medical officer of United States Volunteers, on the staff of Brig- adier-General A. H. Terry. June 1, 1865, he received a commission as lieutenant-colonel by brevet for distinguished services, signed by A. Johnson and E. M. Stanton, Secretary of "War. The Doctor is unmarried. In June, 1887, he sailed for Europe. Dr. James Griffin practiced at Great Bend, and was a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society. His death occurred January, 1858, and at the next meeting of the society thereafter the following action was taken : "Whereas, It has pleased Almighty God in His all-wise providence to remove from among us Dr. James Griffin, an honored member of the society, after a protracted and painful illness; and, " Whereas, Dr. Griffin, by his kind and courteous deportment to his medical brethren, his scientific at- tainments, his ardent pursuit of his profession and his highly estimable character as a man has gained him the high regard of his brethren of the society." Dr. Abram Chamberlin, son of Abraham and Almira Chamberlin, was born in Bridge- water, Susquehanna County, Pa., in 1830. In early life he made the best use of such means as were available for getting an education, and the careful religious training of his parents is recalled with pleasure. His medical studies were chief- ly under the supervision of Dr. E. N. Loomis of Harford. Not being altogether satisfied on trial of the eclectic practice, the doctor soon began to turn his attention to the regular prac- tice, and in time followed it exclusively. In 1 866— '67 he was graduated at the University Medical College of New York City. His first practice was at Le Raysville Bradford County, Pa., in 1851, but ill health prevented his doing much there. In 1853, he practiced with Dr. E. N. Loomis, and in June 1853 removed to Brook- lyn, Susquehanna County, where he has since resided. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society January, 1871 and in 1885 was elected President. On retiring from the office he de- livered an address on the " Dignity of the Medical Profession," which was published in the leading paper of the county. He was a delegate to the meeting of the State Society of Scranton in 1885. In May 1856 he married Levira Bagley of Brooklyn. Their oldest daughter is now Mrs. T. E. Shadduck, and the younger ones are Lillian and Bessie. Their only son died in 1876. The Doctor is a member of the Baptist church at Montrose. Platte Edward Brush, M. D., son of Hon. Lewis and Lucy Ann Williams Brush, natives of Conn., was born near Montrose in 1833. He received his education in common schools except a few terms in select schools and two terms at Harford University. In 1857 and 1858 he read medicine with Dr. N. Y. Leet at Friendsville, and Dr. Richard Foote at Carbondale. He attended lectures at the University of Michigan in 1858-59, and at the Medical Department of Yale College in 1859- '60, where he graduated, and immediately com- menced practice in Springville. April 7, 1863, he was mustered into the service of the United States as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, from which he was mustered out August 25, MEDICAL HISTORY. 165 1865. In 1865-66 he took a graduating course at the University of Pennsylvania and continued practice at Springville until about 1868, when he engaged in keeping a hotel. In 1882 he rented the hotel and has not since been actively engaged in business. He married Mrs. Lathrop of Springville. Has no children- He was a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society before 1868. .Judson C. Beach, M. D., son of Lorenzo and Emily Beach, was born at Springville, Susquehanna County, Pa., in 1844. When a small boy his parents removed to the vicinity of Montrose, a little below Jones' Lake. In June, 1 863, he enlisted in Company "B" Twenty- Eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia for the defense of the State. February, 1865, he re- enlisted in the Navy for two years; made a voyage round South America to San Francisco, and thence to Sandwich Islands, returning by way of Panama and was discharged in March, 1867. He read medicine with his brother, Dr. G. W. Beach, then at Little Meadow, Pa., attended lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., 1870-71 and 1873-'74, graduating in the latter year. He then located at Etna, Tompkins County, N. Y. They have two children, a daughter and a son. He was elected President of the Tompkins County Medical Society in 1887, and is acting in his second term as one of the county coroners. Dr. Francis Edmund Grattan, second son of Dr. Thomas and Mary Ann Grattan, was born in Middle Smithfield township, Mon- roe County, in 1823. He read medicine with his father, a graduate of the Dublin Medical College, Ireland, attended lectures at Geneva Medical College N. Y , and New York City in the latter year, 1848. In the fall of that year, Dr. F. E. Grattan entered into partnership with his father for five years. He married Harriet Jackson of Carbondale. In 1854 he succeeded Dr. A. T. Brundage at Fleetville, and in 1872 removed to Springville, this county, where he had a successful practice until 1876, when on account of his wife's health, he removed to Meshoppen. His wife died in 1880 and the doctor returned to Springville. His present wife was Mrs. Annie T. Wilson, widow of the late Mason B. Wilson of Bridgewater. Clarence N. Vanness, M.D., son of Joseph Erastus and Emma Vanness, was born at Standing Stone, Pa., in 1849. In 1854 his parents removed to Jessup, and in 1864 settled in Springville, in this county. He read medi- cine with Dr. J. W. Cobb, of Montrose, and attended his first course of lectures at Syracuse University, N. Y., in 1871-72. Meanwhile Dr. Cobb having removed, he completed his studies with Dr. I. B. Lathrop, of Springville, and attended a second course of lectures at Fort Wayne College of Medicine, Indiana. In June, 1875, he located at Auburn Centre, Pa., and 1877 married Mary E., (laughter of John Tewksbury, Esq., of the same place. In 1882 he removed to Huntingdon, Pa. In the spring following he attended lectures at the Long Island College Hospital, and afterward another course at Fort Wayne College of Medicine, where he received the degree of M.D., in 1884. He soon afterwards commenced practice at Hallstead, Pa., his present residence. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1885. William Riley Blakeslee, M.D., son of Hiram and Amanda Whipple Blakeslee, of Dimock, was born in Auburn township July 12, 1845. His mother died in December, 1860. He received his early education at the academy in Dimock, where his boyhood days were spent. In July, 1863, he enlisted in Cap- tain C. C. Halsey's company of State militia, and while in the service was prostrated with typhoid fever at Greencastle, Pa. In Decem- ber, 1863, he enlisted in Company I, Twenty- second Regiment New York Calvary, and pass- ed through the campaign of the Wilderness. He returned home after the close of the war, in August, 1865. He read medicine with Drs. D. C. Ainey, of New Milford, Pa., and A. C. Blakeslee, of Nich- olson, Pa. In 1870 he was married to Rose M., daughter of Charles Risley, Esq., of Elk Lake. They have one son, Elbert W. He attended lectures at the University of Buffalo in 1871-72, and practiced a short time at Hop- bottom in the latter year, and before its close removed to Harford, Susquehanna County, which is his present residence. He attended 166 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. lectures at the University of New York in 1874- 75, whence he graduated in February of the latter year. He at once became a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society, and in 1876 represented that body at the meeting of the State Society at Pittsburgh. He was vice-president of the County Medical Society in 1879, and treasurer in 1881-85. In January, 1884, he was appointed physician surgeon at the Harford Soldiers' Orphan School. The doctor has taken an active part in the public improvements of Harford. Dr. S. A. Brooks was born in Chenango County, N. Y., the son of Samuel and Dolly Brooks, in 1843. He obtained his medical education at the Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, and graduated therefrom in the class of 1878. He served three years during the late Rebellion in Company K, Tenth New York Calvary. He practiced medicine in Tioga County, N. Y., about one year, and came to New Milford, Pa., October, 1879, and has continued in practice since. He is a member of the Broome County Homoeopathic Medical Society, also of the Southern Tier Homoeopathic Medical Society. He married Anna Mathews, of Cortland County, N. Y., in 1867, and has three living children. Dr. E. E. Snyder, a native of New York State, was graduated from Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, O., and from the Hahne- mann Medical College, Philadelphia. He came to New Milford June, 1876, and practiced here nearly four years. He is now practicing at Binghamton. Alexander Hamilton Lewis, M.D., was born in Schenectady, N. Y., in 1829. He read medicine with his brother, Dr. Isaac W. Lewis, at Brackney, this county ; attended lectures at Castleton Medical College, Vt., where he grad- uated in the fall of 1851. He immediately commenced practiced at Brackney, where he continued until 1873, when he removed to Apalachin, N. Y. In 1879 he returned to Brackney, and in the fall of 1881 removed to Salamanca, N. Y. In 1885 he returned to Apalachin for one year, and removed to Upper Lisle, N. Y., his present residence. He mar- ried Abbie J. Lillie, of Warrenham, Pa., 1852. Edwin Latham Gardner, M.D., son of Latham and Angeline (Moore) Gardner, was born in Bridgewater in 1841. His early edu- cation was obtained at the common schools, Harford University and Montrose Academy. He taught in common schools from 1856 to 1859. Read medicine with Dr. E. Patrick, of Montrose, from 1859 to 1861, and graduated at the Medical Department of Yale College in the latter year. He soon after commenced prac- tice at Montrose in partnership with his pre- ceptor. After about eleven years he removed to Scranton, Pa., where he became one of the proprietors of the Wyoming House. He re- turned to Montrose in the fall of 1877, where he practiced until the spring of 1884, when he removed to Binghamton, N. Y., where he now resides. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1863, and was secretary from 1864 to 1873, and in 1879. He attended the State Medical Society, at Altooiia, in 1865. Dr. Ezra A. Kent, son of Charles and Henrietta (Watrous) Kent, was born in Brook- lyn, Pa., in 1840. He read medicine with Dr. L. A. Smith, of New Milford, and after attend- ing lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., and Cleve- land, O., began practice at Erie, Pa., where he continued for two years. He returned to Sus- quehanna County and practiced in Auburn and elsewhere until 1875, when he removed to the State of New York, and continued in practice until the failure of his health compelled him to abandon it. He married a daughter of A. G. Hollister, Esq., of Brooklyn, Pa. He united with the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1873. Theodore Tyler Wing, M.D., was born in Philadelphia, 1844. He graduated at Dick- inson College in 1864, and received the degree of A.M. in 1867. After a theological course at Auburn Theological Seminary of three years he graduated from that institution in 1868. He married Harriet Schlager Brandt, 1868. They have one daughter. He read medicine with S. Birdsall, M.D., of Susquehanna ; at- tended lectures at the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, whence he graduated in 1873. He became a Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine in 1878. MEDICAL HISTORY. 167 He practiced one year in Carbondale, Pa. ; sev- eral months at Salem Corners, Pa. ; one year in Philadelphia and in Susquehanna, Pa., from 1875 to 1877. He gave up general practice in 1885, and combined the drug business with office and consulting practice since that period. Dr. Wing enlisted in the Signal Corps, United States Army, April, 1864, and served under Generals Sigel, Hunter and Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley until December, when he was transferred to the Army of the James, under General B. F. Butler, and in January, 1865, went on the successful expedition under General A. H. Terry against Port Fisher, N. C, and was honorably discharged in May, 1865. Chaeles William Tiffany, M.D., son of William Coy and Louisa Coman Tiffany, was born at Harford, Pa., 1859. He attended the cwnmon schools of the town until fifteen years of age and then the high school of Binghamton, N. Y. ; read medicine with Dr. C. C. Edwards, of Binghamton, 1878-79; attended lectures at the Medical Department of the University of New York, where he graduated in March, 1881, and practiced in Montrose until Septem- ber following, when he was at Franklin Forks until April, 1882. Since that time he has re- sided at Brackney, Pa., in the enjoyment of a good practice. In September, 1885, he married Andra La Delle Wilbur, of Brackney. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in April, 1881. Anderson Dana Tewksbuey, M.D., son of John and Lucia (Whitcomb) Tewksbury, was born in Meshoppsn, Pa., 1838. His pa- rents removed to Auburn township late in 1839, and he resided there until 1872. He obtained his education at Montrose Academy and Wyoming Seminary. He read medicine with Dr. P. H. Dana, of Wilkes-Barre, 1860- 62, and attended two full courses of lectures at the University of Michigan, where he grad- uated in 1864. He was assistant surgeon of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers from July 3, 1864, to the close of the war. He practiced in Auburn from 1865 to 1872, when he attended a course of lec- tures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and afterwards located at Ashley, Pa., where he practiced until 1883, when he devoted two years to the more thorough equipment of himself for the practice of his profession by attending the Post-Graduate Medical College, School of Oph- thalmology and Otology, and Metropolitan Nose and Throat Hospital of New York City, the Eye Department of the University of Edin- burgh, Scotland, and Mooresfield Eye and Ear Hospital of London, England. Located at Elmira, N. Y., 1885, and has limited his prac- tice to the eye, ear, nose and throat. In 1879 he married Mary, daughter of John and Lucy C. Beardsley, of Auburn. He joined the Sus- quehanna County Medical Society in 1866. Chaeles Abner Johnstone, M.D., son of Cyrus Smythe and Huldah Louise Edmunds Johnstone, was born at Harford, Pa., May 1, 1853. His father was of Irish descent. His great-grandfather, Wm. Johnstone, born in Ireland in 1713, was a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, and a Presbyterian minister. He removed to America and settled in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, where he was once compelled to leave his home by Joseph Brant. Dr. Johnstone's great-grandfather, Hugh John- stone, was a Revolutionary soldier. His mother was of Scotch descent, and her ancestors for the past two hundred years were New Englanders. Both his parents are still living at Harford. He attended school at Harford until eighteen years of age, except an absence of six months in his sixteenth year, for a voyage as sailor to Havana, He commenced reading medicine with his uncle, C. C. Edwards, M.D., at the age of eighteen ; was graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in the class of 1880 ; became a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1884. William Jessup Chandler, M.D., son of Frank B. and Mary S. Jessup Chandler, was born at Montrose in 1842. His early education was at Montrose, and Cortland Academy, Ho- mer, N. Y. He graduated at Yale College in 1864; read medicine with Dr. J. Blackman in Montrose, and with Drs. W. H. Draper and Charles Phelps in New York City ; attended medical lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, and graduated in 1868 ; entered Bellevue Hospital in 1867, and 168 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was house surgeon there in 1868 and 1869 ; since April, 1869, has practiced in South Orange, N. J. ; was one of the incorporators of Memorial Hospital, Orange, N. J., in 1872, and has been attending surgeon there since that date. In 1880 he was appointed attending surgeon to St. Barnabas' Hospital, Newark, N. J. He married Miss Jennie Milligan, of South Orange, in 1873. Amos Cranmer Blakeslee, M.D., was born at Springville, this county, in 1825. He read medicine with Dr. J. C. Piatt, of Water- bury, Conn., and attended lectures at the Medi- cal Department of Yale College, whence he graduated. After some hospital experience at New Haven, he located at Dimock about 1858, and joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1859. He served as a surgeon in the war of 1861, and afterward located at Nichol- son, Pa., where he remained until his death, in 1882. He married Jane Bradley, of Water- bury, Conn., in 1845. He left one son, Mer- rick O, now living at Great Bend. William Henry Carmalt, M.D., son of Caleb and Sarah Carmalt, was born at Lakeside, this county, in 1836 ; read medicine with Drs. Jeffers and Morrill Wyman, of Cambridge, Mass.; attended lectures at Harford Medical School ; graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1861; was sur- geon in the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary for several years ; further prosecuted his medi- ' cal studies in Germany, and, in 1876, settled in New Haven, Conn. ; now, also, a lecturer in Yale College. John Cross Secor, M.D., sou of Abraham and Mahala Secor, was born in Monroe, Orange County, N. Y., 1855. He attended the district school in Wyoming County, Pa., and subse- quently Keystone Academy, at Factoryville, until he was qualified to teach, and having spent a number of years in this vocation, he entered the office of Dr. Darwin Kelly, of Mill City, Pa. At the end of two years he attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, N. Y., and a second course at the University of Vermont, where he graduated in 1885. He located for a short time at Herrick Centre, and thence removed to Forest City, Susquehanna County, Pa., being the first and only resident physician in the place at that time. Augustus Perry Rowley, M.D., son of Alexander William and Ann Caroline Priest Rowley, was born at Susquehanna, Pa., 1859. He was educated at Newton Collegiate Insti- tute, Sussex Co., N. J. ; commenced reading medicine with Dr. E. N. Smith, of Susquehanna, in the fall of 1878 ; attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, where he graduated in the spring of 1882. In the sum- mer of the same year he commenced practice at Norfolk, Va., but returned north, and in the spring of 1883 attended the post-graduate course at the University of Pennsylvania ; began practice at Susquehanna in the fall of 1883, and in the spring of 1884 entered into partnership with Dr. E. N. Smith, remaining with him until the spring of 1866, when he re- moved to Creston, Ogle County, 111., and thence at the end of three months to Chicago, his present residence. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1885. James Martin Newman, M.D., son of Martin and Belinda Salisbury Newman, was born at Lanesboro', 1846. His father was a native of Stamford, Conn., and his mother of Lanesboro'. He attended school at Lanesboro', Great Bend and Montrose, and taught school two terms ; read medicine with Dr. C. C. Halsey, of Montrose, and attended lectures at the University of Michigan in 1867-68. He attended a second course at a medical college at Cleveland, Ohio, whence he graduated in 1869. He married Elizabeth Dewing, of Warren- ham, Bradford County, Pa., 1873. He prac- ticed a short time at Montrose, then at Stevens- ville, Bradford County, from spring of 1870 to December, 1872, then at Little Meadows, whence he removed to Elmira, N. Y., where he was in continuous practice until his death, in 1881. He was elected coroner in Elmira in 1875 for three years. He was greatly mourned by the poor, to whom he had been very kind. Perry Schoonmaker, M.D., son of William D. and Eliza Smith Schoonmaker, was born in Brooklyn, this county, 1854. He attended the Montrose Graded School about two years, and MEDICAL HISTORY. 169 had some experience as a teacher of common schools. He commenced reading medicine with Dr. C. C. Halsey, of Montrose, in 1876, and after attending the requisite courses of lectures at the University of Michigan, was graduated from that institution in 1880. Soon afterward he commenced practice at Hopbottom, where he continued until May, 1887, when he removed to the city of New York. In 1874 he married Ann M. Henry, who died 1879. In 1883 he married Linnie I. Utley, of Hopbottom. In 1880 he became a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society, and represented that body at the meeting of the State Society in 1885. Faithful and conscientious in the dis- charge of his duties, he is a growing man and sustains an excellent reputation among his pro- fessional brethren. Warren "Willis Strange, M.D., son of Isaac and Ann E. Gregory Strange, was born at Birchardville, Pa., 1849. He attended the Montrose Graded School and taught several winter terms of district school. In 1878 he began to read medicine with Dr. C. C. Halsey, of Montrose, and attended his first course of lectures at the University of Michigan in 1879-80, and his second course at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1880-81, graduating there. He immediately commenced practice at Montrose, where he has continued to the present time. He has been jail physician and held the office of coroner by appointment of the Governor to fill an unexpired term, and was elected to that office in 1886. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1882. In 1887 he married Emma Dalrymple, of Morristown, N. J. Covington H. Warner, M.D., was born 1837 in Pike township, Bradford County, Pa., to which place his father, Harmon Warner, came from Litchfield County, Conn., about 1817. In 1858 he commenced reading medi- cine with Dr. Benjamin De Witt, of Le Rays- ville. He attended one course of lectures at the University of Michigan and another at Georgetown, D. C, where he graduated in 1861. He was married, 1861, to Emeline M. Barnes, of Orwell, Pa. He practiced medicine at Belle- fontaine, Iowa, two years and then returned to 11 Bradford County. In March, 1864, he enlisted as a private in the One Hundred and Forty- first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was with the Army of the Potomac in its en- gagements under General Grant until Novem- ber, 1864, when he was detailed as assistant surgeon to the Emery Hospital, Washington, D. G, where he remained until March, 1865, when he returned to the front and continued until the end of the war. He practiced medi- cine at Stevensville, Bradford County, until 1869, when he removed to Le Raysville, where his wife died. He re-married Amelia M. Bris- ter, of the same place, in 1872. He removed from Le Raysville to Rushville, this county, in 1883, where he is engaged in a large practice. His genial manner, uniform courtesy and open hospitality have won him many friends, while his successful treatment has commanded the confidence of his patients. Dr. Mason Dennison came from Vermont to Brooklyn, Pa., in 1811, and after a few years' practice there, removed to Montrose, where he died 1838. He married Miss Wealthy Lathrop, of Bridgewater, who died 1852. They had two sons and two daughters, of whom only Mrs. Jane A., wife of Edmund Baldwin, Esq., of Montrose, is living. Dr. Harry Dennison Baldwin, son of Edmund and Jane Antoinette Dennison Bald- win, and grandson of Dr. Mason Dennison, was born at Montrose, 1852. He obtained his education in the schools of Montrose and studied medicine with Dr. J. D. Vail, of the same place. He attended lectures at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1873-74-75, whence he graduated, and has since practiced in Montrose, except about a year in Syracuse, N. Y., in 1882-83. In 1881 he was elected coro- ner of Susquehanna County and served part of a term. He married Mrs. Rose B. Allen in 1883. William W. Fletcher, M.D., was born in Mt. Pleasant, Wayne County, Pa., January 20, 1845. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools and followed, teaching a number of years. In 1879 he commenced to read medicine with Dr. Henry Pennypacker and Dr. Samuel Birdsall and attended the College of Physicians 170 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and Surgeons at Baltimore, and the Medical Department of the University of New York. He practiced three years at Uniondale and is now located at Susquehanna. George W. Durga, M.D., only son of Eliud W. Durga, of Connecticut, was born near Rushville, Pa., 1852. His mother was a daughter of Henry Pepper. He received an academic education and read medicine with Dr. A. Dunham at Push. He attended his first course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College in 1876-77, and his second at Long Island Col- lege Hospital, whence he graduated in 1878. The same year he commenced practice in Push, where he still continues, and in 1886 formed a partnership with W. L. Keeney in the drug business. He married Libbie Walden, of Rush, 1881. William Seth Mitchell, M.D., son of Norman and Eliza Halsey Mitchell, was born at Montrose in 1844. He graduated at Madi- son University in 1866 ; read medicine with Dr. C. C. Halsey, of Montrose ; attended lec- tures at the University of Michigan in 1869-70; took second course of lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, whence he graduated in the spring of 1871. In the following autumn he engaged in the drug business at Susquehanna, and has so continued to the present time. In January, 1875, he married Mrs. Carrie Tait. Charles Jarvis Drinker, M.D., son of Joseph D. Drinker, late of Montrose, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, about 1832. His parents came to Montrose when he was young, where he attended school at the academy. He subse- quently took one or more sea voyages. He was a student of medicine in the office of Dr. .J. W. Cobb, of Montrose, and attended a course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania in 1860-61. He entered the army and served until 1864, when he resumed the study and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. He was established in successful practice at South Gibson until within a week or two of his decease, in 1869, at the house of his father in Montrose. Andrew Stryker Blair, M.D., the young- est of eleven children of Alfred and Charlotte Blair, was born at Conesville, N. Y., Novem- ber 20, 1857. Dr. Blair read medicine with Dr. J. W. Burr, of Newark Valley, N. Y. ; attended lectures at the University of New York, whence he graduated in 1881 ; prac- ticed in Centre Lisle, N. Y.-, until June, 1883, when he located at Franklin Forks, this county, Pa., his present residence. In September, 1882, he married Lida E. Japhet, of Ketchumville, N. Y. They have a son and a daughter. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1885, and was elected vice-president in 1887. Dr. Norman Brundage, son of Dr. E L. and Agnes V. Brundage, was born at Upson- ville, Pa., in 1842. He obtained his early edu- cation at Montrose Academy. He practiced dentistry in Montrose from Oct., 1864, to Aug., 1868, pursuing the study of medicine at the same time. He commenced practice with his father in South Gibson in 1868, and so contin- ued until the death of his father, in 1871; then practiced at Lawsville until 1874, at Tunkhan- nock, Pa., a year, at Uniondale, Susquehanna County, until 1878, when, after spending a summer in Virginia, he located at Sherman, Wayne County, Pa., his present residence. He married Ellen M. Baker, of New Milford, in 1866. Dr. Jonathan W. Brundage was born in Wallkill, Orange County, N. Y., 1796. He came with his brother, Dr. G. N. Brundage, to Gibson township, in April, 1834, where he re- mained in continuous practice until his decease, in 1861. He married Permelia Mills in 1820, and she died 1859. Stephen S. (the eldest of their eight children), P. Jane and George C. still reside in Gibson. His brother, Dr. G. N. Brundage, died in 1838. Dr. Duane F. Brundage, son of Dr. Jon- athan W. Brundage, was born 1823. He com- menced practice in Gibson in 1841, where he continued until his death, in 1864. He received the degree of M.D. from an eclectic school in Philadelphia. In 1852 he erected a water cure establishment, forty by sixty feet in size and three stories high, which was burned in 1872- In 1853 he married Julia Edith Packer, of Woodstock, Vt., and she is now the wife of Dr. MEDICAL HISTOEY. 171 A. B. Woodward, of Tunkhannock, Pa. His son, Dr. Arthur D. Brundage, is practicing in Tunkhannock. Dr. Edwin L. Brundage was born in Wallkill, Orange County, N. Y., 1804. He studied and practiced medicine with Dr. Carter, an eclectic physician of his native place. In the fall of 1834 he located at Upsonville, Pa., as a practitioner of medicine; in 1856 removed to Lawsville, on the Snake Creek, in the adja- cent township of Liberty, and in 1868 to South Gibson, where he was in partnership with his son Norman until his death, in 1871. He married Agnes Vananiburgh, of Mont- gomery, New York. One daughter, Adelia A., is wife of Dr. L. P. Roberts, of Port Crane, N. Y. Dr. Brundage possessed a kind, genial pres- ence, which helped greatly to endear him to many who sought his aid, and the poor never looked to him in vain. If not one of the great and gifted, there are many to whom his memory is precious. James A. Lewis, M.D., son of Isaac W. Lewis, was born in Silver Lake township in 1847. He was a graduate of the Owego High School ; read medicine with his father, Dr. I. W. Lewis, at Apalachin, N. Y.; attended lec- tures at the University of Michigan in 1864-65, and at the University of New York in 1866, '67 and '68; received the degree of M.D. from the Medical Department of the University of New York in 1869, and immediately located at Brackney, Pa., where he continued in practice until the spring of 1882, when he removed to Ithaca, N. Y., where he now resides. He mar- ried Jennie L. Ferous, of Brackney, in 1870. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1877. Charles David Mackey, M.D., son of David and Miranda Mackey, was born in New Milford in 1854. His father was a farmer and he received his education at the district school and in the graded schools of New Milford and Scranton ; commenced reading medicine in 1879 with his brother, Dr. N. C. Mackey, in Springville, and afterward with Dr. G. W. Weaver, of Wilkes-Barre ; attended first course of lectures at the University of New York in 1880-81, and his second course at Bal- timore Medical College in 1881-82, graduating in the latter year and immediately commenced practice at Lynn, this county, where he contin- ued until January, 1885. He located at Mont- rose in March, 1885, where he now resides. June 7, 1884, he married Mary R. Lyman, of Springville. Dr. Dever James Peck, the second of a family of three children, was born July 4, 1856, in Harford, Susquehanna County, Pa. His father, L. R. Peck, a farmer, and mother, Deborah A. Smith, sister of Dr. L. A. Smith, of New Milford, and of the late Dr. E. N. Smith, of Susquehanna, were bora in Susque- hanna County. Dr. Peck received his education principally in the Graded School of Harford, and followed the occupation of farming, then practical bee-keeping, and the profession of teaching for a term of seven years. He became a student of medicine in March, 1883, and attended the University Medical College of New York, where he graduated in the spring of 1886, and is now located at Susquehanna, Pa. He became a member of the Medical Society April 28, 1886. Austin Birchard Sherman, M.D., son of Abel and Louisa Birchard Sherman, was born in Jessup township, 1829. He was the fifth of ten children. His father was a native of New York, and his mother of Massachusetts. He read medicine with Dr. G. Z. Dimock, of Mont- rose and Dr. W. L. Richardson, at Nesque- honing, Pa. ; attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, whence he graduated ; practiced a few years at Fairdale, this county, and removed to Girardsville, Pa., his present residence. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1862. Charles G. Estabrook, M. D., the eldest son of T. D. and Eliza T. (Buck) Estabrook, of Great Bend, was born in Cattaraugus County, NY.,in 1850. He attended Franklin Academy, and his medical studies were pursued at the University of Pennsylvania, where Dr. William Pepper was his preceptor. He was graduated therefrom in 1870, and came at once to Great Bend and practiced medicine in connection with the drug business of his father between three 172 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and four years. He then located at Bingham- ton, N. Y., and practiced there until his death, in August, 1880. He married Miss Caroline M. Sears, who, with two children, survives him. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1873. C. L. Stiles, M.D., son of L. N. and Cynthia Green Stiles, was born in Sussex County, N. J., in 1837. He read medicine with Dr. S. Milton Hand, then of Windsor, N. Y., now of Norwich, N. Y., for four years, and after attend- ing lectures at Geneva Medical College, gradu- ated at that institution in 1865. He practiced a short time at Gibson and thence removed to Owego, N. Y., his present residence. Dr. Stiles united with the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1863. Dr. Clark Digkebman (1803-53) was born in Guilford, Conn., where he read medi- cine with Dr. Knapp. He married Lydia Knapp, and practiced in his native place for a few years. His first wife died, and he married Sarah A. Chandler for his second wife, in 1833. He practiced medicine in Harford five years, in partnership with Dr. Streeter, and subsequently alone in that township until he died. He was highly esteemed as a physician and had a good practice. Of his children, Mary Louisa is the wife of Clemuel R. Woodin, who owns the Cooper property, which he makes his summer residence. Sanfoed J. Engle, M.D., a practicing phy- sician at Jackson, was born in Newark, N. J., in 1855, and is the son of Jacob Engle, a ser- geant in the late war, who was killed at the battle of the Wilderness in 1864. Dr. Engle received his preparatory education at the acad- emy at Union, N. Y., read medicine with Dr. L. D. Witherell, of that place, and was graduated in the January class of '79, at the Albany Medical College. He practiced his profession for a few months at Union, and in July of the same year settled in Jackson, where he has con- tinued his professional labor with success since. His ride extends throughout Gibson, and into the townships of Thomson and Ararat. He is a member of the Susquehanna County Medical Society. He married, in 1879, Ella, a daughter of James McWade, of Union, N. Y. W. J. Lowey, M.D., was born In 1855, in Clifford township, and is a son of Jas. W. Lowry, Esq., of Elkdale, Pa. His early in- struction was received at the "city school," near Elk Mt. He entered " Keystone Academy," at Factory ville, Pa., in September, 1873, and gradu- ated from that institution in June, 1876. He registered and studied with Dr. J. C. Olmstead, of Dundaff. He continued his studies at the University of Michigan and the Jefferson Medi- cal College, of Philadelphia, graduating from the last-mentioned institution in 1882. Since that time he has followed the practice of his profession. He located in Harford, his present residence, in December, 1883, and became a member of the Medical Society of Susquehanna County in 1886. De. Chables Deckee, son of Densmore Washington and Miriam Cobb Decker, was born in Walkill, Orange County, N. Y., in 1844. In 1862 he came to Montrose and read medicine with his cousin, Dr. J. W. Cobb ; at- tended lectures at Albany Medical College in 1864-65; began practice in Birchardville in 1865. In 1873 he removed to Montrose, where he has since resided. In 1861 he married Mary E. Kirby, of Montrose. Bay Lyons, M.D., son of Frank A. and Hattie Lyons, was born at Lanesboro' in 1863; received his early education at Lanesboro' Graded School, Susquehanna High School and State Normal School, Potsdam, N. Y. ; read medicine with Dr. Morgan L. Miller, of Lanes- boro' ; attended lectures at the University of Pennsyvania from 1883 to 1886, graduating in the latter year. In the fall of 1886 he located at Uniondale. He joined Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1887. De. Albert Augustus Lixdabury, son of John Redding and Elmira Hall Lindabury, was born at Clinton, N. J., January 15, 1858; was educated at Rutgers College and Fleming- ton School of Science, whence he received the degree of B.S. in 1878; read medicine with Drs. W. S. Criveling and A. S. Pettinger, of New Jersey; attended lectures at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1882-83 ; at Balti- more Medical College in 1883-85, graduating MEDICAL HISTOKY. 173 there in the latter year ; was resident physician at Maryland General Hospital one year ; married Miss Mary McPherson, of Scranton, Pa., July 15, 1885; located at West Auburn, Susque- hanna County, Pa., March 16, 1886. Dr. Elijah Suell, son of John and Demaris Suell, was born in Sanford, N. Y., in 1825. At the age of nineteen he came to Auburn Centre; read medicine with Dr. E. W. Pitts, an eclectic practitioner of Elmira, N. Y., and commenced practice at Auburn Four Corners in 1851. In 1855 he removed to Le Kaysville, Pa., and thence in 1859, to Grangerville, this county, where he practiced more than twenty years. In 1881, he removed to a farm in Jessup township, where he now resides. In July, 1850, he mar- ried Betsey D. Ely, of Brooklyn, and they have four sons and four daughters, all living. He has served three years as road commissioner, three terms as school director, eighteen years as trustee of Rush Methodist Episcopal Church, and nine years as local elder of the same denomination. Patrick F. Griffin, M.D., a native of Honesdale, Pa., and graduate of Jefferson Medical College in 1886, has located at Forest City, Susquehanna County, Pa. Dr. William John McCausland, son of Robert and Caroline K. McCausland, was born at Gorton, Tyrone County, .Ireland, in 1844. When about three years of age his parents re- moved to Toronto, U. C. In 1863 he married Agnes Law, of Woodstock, Canada. They had two sons and three daughters. The doctor's father gave him excellent advantages for his preliminary education. He pursued his medical studies with physicians in Woodstock, Canada, attending lectures at Victoria University, To- ronto; removed to Providence, Pa., in January, 1872, and taught school there (meanwhile pur- suing his medical studies) until June, 1877, when he located at Montrose, and practiced there until his death, in 1886. George N. Hall, M.D., graduate of Syra- cuse University, N. Y., joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society October 14, 1884. He practiced a year or two at East New Milford, and thence removed to Binghamton, his present residence. Dennis Wesley Sturdevant, M.D., was born at Scranton, Pa ; received the degree of M.D. at the University of Vermont, 1884 ; located at Lynn, this county, 1885, and re- moved to Laceyville, 1886. Abraham Lewis Baughner, M.D., was born at Tamanend, Pa., in 1856 ; pursued his studies at Pleasantville Collegiate Institute, Ohio, Pennsylvania State Normal School, National University, Ohio, and the University of Michigan, and completed a full course in the Medical Department of the latter institution in 1885, receiving the degrees of B.S. and M.D.; practiced in the coal-mining region in the southern part of Pennsylvania, and located at Lynn, Susquehanna County, Pa., October, 1886. Dr. Rufus Thayer, son of Rufus and Mary Niles Thayer, of Massachusetts, was born in Lebanon, N. Y., 1820. He read medicine with Dr. Van Fleet, of Hamilton, N. Y ; at- tended lectures at Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College, Ohio, and graduated there in 1841 ; practiced at Smithville Flats, N. Y., five years, when he removed to Montrose in 1846, and has lived there most of the time since. After resid- ing several years at Hopbottom, he returned to Montrose in the spring of 1887. He married Joanna G. Tarbell, of Smith- ville Flats, in 1842. She died in 1859. Her son Eugene and daughter Sybil (wife of E. L. Weeks, of Binghamton, N. Y.) survive her. In 1870 he married H. Selina Bush. John Gilbert Woodhouse, M.D., son of John and Sally Burch Woodhouse, was born in Dimock township in 1820 ; attended school at Dimock and had some experience as a teacher; read medicine with Dr. E. Patrick, of Montrose ; attended lectures at Pennsyl- vania Medical College in 1847, '48, '49, gradu- ating there in the latter year. He at once lo- cated at Springville, and practiced three years with Dr. I. B. Lathrop. He removed to Laceyville, Pa., in 1852, and died there 1871. He married Miss Angeline Keeney in 1861, and she died in 1866. Their only child, a daughter, survives them. Dr. Uriah (?) Lewis came to New Milford about 1833 with wife and three children. He was eccentric, and after four or five years' prac- tice he went away. 174 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Dr. George D. Kimball, son of Anson M. and Ann F. (Hovey) Kimball, was born in Windham County, Conn., 1834 ; studied with Dr. Tarbox, Berkshire, N. Y. ; was a farmer and teacher several years ; graduated at Ec- lectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1881 ; settled at South Gibson first, when he removed to New Milford in 1886 ; married Alma, daughter of Dr. L. W. Bingham. Edwin Alison Butterfield, M.D., youngest child of Joseph and Sally Butterfield, was born in South Bridgewater in 1823, and died at the same place in 1851 ; read medi- cine with Dr. E. S. Park, of Montrose; at- tended one course of lectures at Berkshire Med- ical College, Massachusetts, and another in Kentucky, where he received the degree of M.D. in 1847. His residence in Kentucky was at Maysville. He married a lady of that place, who survived him. He was uncle of Dr. Edwin S. Butterfield. Edwin Stone Butterfield, A.B., M.D., son of Benjamin Alanson and Julia Stone Butterfield, was born in Bridgewater, 184U; early education at Montrose Academy; entered Yale College in 1863 and graduated in 1867 ; read law with Judge Israel S. Spencer, of Syracuse, N. Y., and practiced in that city ; attended three full courses of lec- tures at Medical College of Syracuse Univer- sity, graduating in 1 887 ; commenced practice at Susquehanna Mineral Springs, in Rush township. Morgan L. Miller, M.D., son of David and Edney Loder Miller, was born at Strouds- burg, Pa., in 1857 ; received his education at Stroudsburg and Monroe Collegiate Institute; read medicine with Dr. N. G. Lesh, of Strouds- burg ; attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania in 1879, '80, '81, '82, graduating in the latter year. In October following he located at Lanesboro', Pa., his present residence. In 1883 he married Nellie E., daughter of David Taylor, of the same place. He joined the Susquehanna County Medical Society in 1887. Dr. Frederick Douglas Brewster, son of Horace and Augustus Brewster, was born in Bridgewater, 1850 ; received his education at Montrose, and graduated at Mansfield Normal School in 1871. He taught school several terms; read medicine with Dr. J. D. Vail, of Montrose, and graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College in New York City. He has since, to the present time, been a successful practitioner at Tunkhannock, Wyoming County, Pa. Dr. Samuel Wright, for thirty years a practicing physician in the southern part of Susquehanna County, was born on the Wright homestead, an old landmark, at the confluence of Hopbottom and Martin's Creeks, in Lathrop, September 17, 1811. He was mostly self-edu- cated, only receiving in boyhood the meagre opportunities offered by the early district school, which he attended, nearly two miles from home. He learned farming with his father, and was known as a young man of correct habits, good morals, and possessed with self-reliance and a laudable ambition to make his life-work a bene- fit to his fellow-men. He married, in 1836, Sarah B. Squires, who was born in Brooklyn April 7, 1817 — a devoted wife and mother, and a woman whose Christian character, as a life- long member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, still lingers in the hearts of her children. She resides with her daughter (in 1887) on the old homestead, and is the daughter of William (1788-1865) and Betsey Brown (1795-1864) Squires, who came to Brooklyn from Vermont in 1816, and, in 1826, settled on the Colonel Phelps place, in Lathrop, where they spent the remainder of their lives and reared their family. Naturally possessed of an analytical mind, and inclined to the study of physics, Dr. Wright, in 1845, visited his cousin, Dr. Kibby, of Cuba, N. Y., who induced him to give his attention to the study of medicine, and loaned him some medical books. From this time the inclinations of his mind and the bent of his life-work were changed. He studiously applied himself to the great work before him, became conversant with the causes and treatment of disease, and as early as 1847 began the practice of medicine in the vicinity of his home. His success with his patients, his careful diagnosis of cases which he was called to treat, and his intelligent treatment, with his untiring labor and sympathy for the sick, &~es was born October 24, 1821, in Parish Pistill, County of Caernarvon, North Wales, Great Britain. His father, Hugh afterwards settled at Frankfort Hill, Herkimer Co., where he spent the remainder of his life on his farm. He was a very religious man, and while in Xew York and subsequently, exhorted in public meetings and fervently advocated the truth according to the Baptist belief. Both himself and wife were buried at Utica. Of their children, John died in Xew York City; Catharine in Wales ; Hugh resides on the farm AGRICULTURE, GRANGES AND STOCK. 209 in Herkimer Co. ; Mary is the widow of the late Owen Williams, of Slatington, Northampton Co., Pa : Robert resides with his brother Hugh ; and Thomas is carrying on the slate business at Lafayette, Sussex Co., N. J. William H. Jones, second son, on arriving in New York with his parents, upon the solici- tation of his aunt, Mrs. Owen Evans, of Colum- bia, Warren Co., N. J., went to live with her, whose husband was engaged in the slate busi- ness at that place. What opportunities for an education were offered him before leaving Wales and after reaching his new home here he im- proved, and by reading and study since reach- ing mature years he has made himself one of the well-informed men among agriculturists of his day. At the age of seventeen he took charge of Mr. Evans' slate works on the Jersey side, which he conducted until about one year after his marriage, in 1847. His wife is Harriet Taylor, a native of Rockport, Carbon Co., Pa., where she was born February 24, 1826. The children of Win. H. and Harriet Jones are Elizabeth Lodeska, a lady of recognized talent as an artist painter, wife of W. J. Holding of Albany N. Y.; Samuel T., died in 1879, aged twenty-six ; Annie, first the wife of Mason B. Wilson, and who after his death married Dr. F. E. Grattan, of Springfield ; Alfred H. married Edna Garfield, of Little Meadows Pa.; Catha- rine resides at Troy, N. Y.; Benjamin F. How- ey; Gertrude died in 1885 at the age of nineteen ; and Martha Jones. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are members of the Auburn Baptist Church and are identified with the various charitable enterprises of their church and neighborhood. Mrs. Jones' father, Samuel Taylor, born in 1800, was a native of Providence, Lackawanna Co., resided at Easton for many years where he acted as deputy sheriff of Northampton Co.; afterwards resided at Slateford, and is at present with his daughter, Mrs. Clancy. Her fraternal grandfather, John Taylor, of English descent, was a native of Danbury, Conn., and removed to Providence, Lackawanna County, a large land- owner. Her mother, Ellen Hartz, was a daugh- ter of Colonel Jacob and Barbara (La Vann) Hartz, of Carbon County. Barbara La Vann was of French descent. Colonel Jacob Hartz 14 was sheriff of Northampton County, and had Samuel Taylor for his deputy. The children of Samuel and Ellen Taylor are Harriet (now Mrs. Jones) and one son, George, connected with the Eutaw Savings Bank, at Baltimore, Md. By his second marriage, to Hetty John- son, after the death of his first wife, at the age of thirty, he had children, — Amanda, a noted teacher, and at one time principal of Lewisburg Seminary ; Mary Jane, wife of Elder T. F. Clancy, a Baptist minister at Drakesville, Mor- ris County, N. J. ; Hetty Almira, wife of Harry Smith, Pittsburgh ; and Anna, wife of Elder Alfred Harris, a Baptist clergyman at Baltimore. He removed in 1848 to Slatington, Pa., where he took charge of the slate quarries for Samuel Taylor, James M. Porter and Robert McDowell. Upon the death of his uncle Evans, three months later, at his aunt's request, he returned, settled up his uncle's estate and conducted the slate business there for the fol- lowing six years on his own account. He sold the lease of this property to his partner, Hugh Hughes, and for two years following superin- tended the Slateford Quarry, owned by James M. Porter and Samuel Taylor. In 1855 he removed to Susquehanna Co., where he pur- chased a farm at Elk Lake (now owned by Charles Ely), which, after managing for ten years, he sold, and removed to Springville Hol- low. In 1867 he bought his present farm in southwestern Bridgewater, of one hundred and fifty acres, where he has carried on farming and stock-raising since. In May, 1868, upon the organization of the Farmers' Institute at Mon- trose, Mr. Jones read a paper before the conven- tion entitled " Devon Cattle," which was favor- ably received and published in the newspapers at the time, and showed his thorough knowledge of pure-blooded " Devons " and the practical utility of this stock to the Susquehanna farm- ers. In 1855 he began giving largely his attention to blooded stock, especially " Devons," and since that time has bought, bred and sold hundreds of these choice cattle. He keeps a record of his stock, and has at present eighteen head. "Rose of Baltimore, 5th " produced in one week three no HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. hundred and twenty-seven and one-half pounds of milk ; " Helena/' three hundred and twenty- seven and one-fourth pounds during the same length of time. The former's milk, when tested in 1884 at Philadelphia, proved to be thirty-five per cent, cream. From her he has bred "Prince Albert/' " Baltimore Prince/' " Blanche/' •'Castellaw." From " Pride 2d, No. 2265/' he has bred " Pride 3d," which took the first prize at Montrose and Harford ; also u Prince Howell/' "Pride 4th/' "Fairfield Bloom," "Leva/' " Bernice," a pair of twin steers, " Temperance Quick," "Cogswell/' "Shadeland" and "Queen of the Prides." CHAPTER XVII. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Revolutionary Soldiers — Militia — War of 1812. Susquehanna County was not opened up to settlement until after the defeat of the Six Na- tions by General Sullivan, and no settlements were made therein until after the close of the Revolutionary War. When Connecticut under- took to establish her supremacy over this terri- tory, the most venturesome and courageous men in the State would find ample inducement in the offers which the Delaware and Susquehanna Companies made to forego all the dangers inci- dent to pioneer life and Pennsylvania's opposi- tion. The most natural class of men to em- bark in such ventures would be persons who had lost their strong attachment to their homes, and the localities of their birth by long disas- sociation, and who had become reckless of dan- ger by hardships and perils of war. Such a class of persons were found in the recently dis- charged soldiers of the Revolutionary Army ; hence a large number of the pioneer settlers of Susquehanna County had seen service in the War of the Revolution. The following is as complete a list of that hero band that suffered so much to establish our liberties as can now be obtained : Asa Adams, at Bunker Hill. Jedediah Adams, six and one- half years in the war. John Adams, died in Harford. Bzekiel Avery. Benjamin Babcock. — Babcock (Dimock). John Baker. Nathaniel Balcom. Joel Barnes. Nehemiah Barnes. Reuben Beebe. Amos Bennett. Elias Bennett. Abiel Bills. John Blafsdell. Nathan Brewster, Sen. 1 Isaac Brown. 2 Brownson. Jonas Brush. Capt. Ichabod Buck, Great Bend. Major Daniel Buck. 8 Isaac Bullard.* John Burnham. Joseph Button. Andrew Canfield. Capt. Benjamin Case, Great Bend. Putnam Catlin. 5 Benjamin Chamberlain. Daniel Chamberlain, Choconut. Moses Chamberlain, Gibson. "Wright Chamberlain, GibBon. Dr. Robert Chandler, Gibson. Samuel Clark, Forest Lake. Darius Cook. Ezekiel Cook. Ozem Cook. Henry Congdon. Dyer Crocker. John Darrow. Josiah Davis. Peter Dickey. Lieut. David Dimock, Bridgewater. Edward Dimmick, Herrick. David Doolittle. Capt. Ezra Doty. Isaac Doud. Jonathan Dimon, Great Bend. Jonathan Edwards. James Eldridge. Stephen Ellis, Herrick. Gabriel Ely, Brooklyn. Pardon Fish. Simeon Foot. Ford. Silas Fowler. Cosider Fuller, Brooklyn. Nathaniel Gates, Gt. Bend. Geo. Gelatt. 6 Asahel Gregory. 7 Abner Griffis.8 Stephen Griffis. Timothy Hall. Israel Hewitt. Capt. Bartlett Hinds, Bridgewater. Dudley Holdridge. Seth Holmes. Garner Isbell, Montrose. Joshua Jackson, Brooklyn. Nathaniel Jeffers, Harford. Luther Kallam. RufusKingsley. 9 Gershom F. Lane. Hezekiah Leach. Daniel Lawrence. Capt. Luther Leet. Rufus Lines. Capt. John Locke. 1 ° Elder Gideon Lewis. 11 Gideon Lyman. Ezekiel Maine. Nathan Maxon. Joseph McKune. Jesse Miles. Miller. Capt. Josiah Mills. 12 Solomon Millard, Lenox. Almon Munson, Gt. Bend. Jonathan Moxley, Harford. Jonathan Newman, Gt. Bend. Patrick Nuang. Robert Nichols. Issachar Nicherson. David Olmstead. Hezekiah Olney. Thaddeus Peet, Rush. Joseph Potter, Gibson. Capt. Hazard Powers, Sen. 18 Jotham Pickering, Gibson. Henry Pruyne. Joseph Raynsford. 1 * John Reynolds. Simeon Reynolds. Capt. Caleb Richardson. 16 Caleh Richardson, Jr. 18 Jonathan Ross. Isaac Rynearson. Bristol B. Sampson (colored). 1 ' Samuel Scott. Zerah Scott. Capt. Westol Scoville. Ichabod Seavor. Christian Shelp. David Sherer. Christopher Sherman. William Shufelt. Garrett Snedaker. 18 Asahel Southwell. ■ Staples. Capt. Jarah Stephens. William Stephens. Nathaniel Stewart. Clement Sumner. Capt. Joshua Sabin. Lawrence Tarpining. John Thatcher. Thomas Thatcher. Eseck Thayer. Joseph Thomas. Hozea Tiffany, Harford. Thomas Tiffany, Harford. Noah Tiffany, Brooklyn. Nathaniel Tower, Lenox. Isaac Turrell. David Turrell, Jessup. Moses Tyler. Elias Van Winkle. David Wakelee. Sylvanus Wake. Lemuel Wallbridge. I In American and French Revolutions. 2 Died in Lathrop aged 98. 8 In French and Indian War. 4 Bridgewater, died 1842, aged 97. 6 Drummer at the Battle of Bunker Hill. * Died it Gelatt Hollow, aged 105. i Herrick, with Arnolds expedition to Quebec. 8 Forest Lake, Minute-Man. u Drummer at Bunker Hill. io Of the Boston Tea Party, 1773. II Baptist preacher and early settler in Clifford. 12 Drummer at the Battle of Bunker Hill. is Gibson. 14 Bridgewater. 1& Harford, French War. !6 Drummer in Revolution. 1T Brooklyn. 18 New Milford. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 211 Ephraim Warfleld. Amos Webster. Jacob Wellraan. Cornelius Westbrook. 1 John Whitely. Total, 150. Thomas Williams. 2 Barnard Worthing. Capt. Samuel Wight. Simeon Wylie, Gt. Bend. Samuel Yeomans. " Sergeant Simeon Wylie served his country through the War of the Revolution, having entered the service in the spring of 1776, at the age of eigh- teen years. He was early detached from the ranks as waiter to General Arnold, and served as such until the time of Arnold's defection, and was the principal witness to prove the identity of Major Andre, his visits to Arnold at his quarters at the Robinson house, and the manner of Arnold's escape. From that time he served as a sergeant to the close of the war. He was in the battle of Long Island and White Plains, in 1776, in the northern campaign at the battle of Ben- nington, and at the capture of General Burgoyne, in 1777. He was also in a preceding battle in which Arnold was wounded, and was in the battle of Mon- mouth in 1778. "In the confusion of the retreat from Long Island, on the evening after the battle, Sergeant Wylie was one of a party of seventeen (including a lieutenant), left in a piece of woods near the enemy. Not know- ing, in the dark, what course to take, they agreed to wait until daylight, and then attempt to cross the East River or Sound. As soon as it was light they sent two of the party to search for a boat and give a signal to the detachment remaining in the woods. Upon hearing the signal the latter hurried to the shore, where they found a boat which had been drawn upon the beach, and while pushing it with some diffi- culty into the water, they saw a party of 'red-coats > passing. They, however, succeeded in launching the boat and took to the oars. The enemy, being near, discovered them, ordered them to halt and surrender, or they would fire upon them. Disregarding the threat, they pushed on, and the enemy fired, and continued to fire, until the boat reached the New York shore, and so well was their aim taken that every man except the lieutenant and Sergeant Wylie was either killed or wounded. The killed were buried with the honors of war, and the wounded taken to the hospital in New York. Some forty years after, a crippled pensioner, traveling through this part of the country, stopped for the night with Mr. Wylie. In the course of the evening he spoke of the Revolution and the cause of his lameness. He proved to be one of the seventeen. He remained with Mr. Wylie through the winter and taught school. Sergeant Wylie was a brave man and a good soldier. This bloody transaction, with many other Revolutionary reminiscences, he was accus- tomed to narrate with thrilling effect. " In the spring of 1835 he buried his wife (a daugh- ter of Rev. D. Buck), with whom he had lived forty- i Brooklyn. 2 In American and French Revolutions; lived to be 104 years old, dying in 1826. nine years. She had resided forty-three years on the farm where she died, and had been a member of the Presbyterian Church eighteen years. He died sud- denly while on a journey into the State of New York to visit one of his sons, September 14, 1836, aged seventy-eight years." Draft for the War of 1812. — A company was drafted for the defence of Baltimore in the War of 1812.— A class was drawn from each company in the regiment, making up one com- pany of nearly a hundred for the famous Dan- ville campaign ; being marched to Danville with companies drawn in like manner from other regi- ments of militia for organization, where, after a brief encampment, they were discharged, the danger to Bal- timore being over. In drawing for captain, the lot fell on the late Col. Frederick Bailey, of Brooklyn, who had then just been promoted to the colonelcy. The lieutenant and orderly sergeant happened also to be drawn from the same company. M0STEE ROLL. Officers. Captain Fred. Bailey. Lieutenant Cyril Giddings. Ensign Hiel Tupper. 1st Sergeant Jesse Bagley. 2d Sergeant Samuel Baldwin. 3d Sergeant James Truesdell. 4th Sergeant Joseph Marsh. Corporals Josiah Davis, Orange Whitney, John L. Travis. Privates. Asahel Adams. Phineas Arms. Roswell Babcock. Gideon Beebe. Eichard Bill. John Bullock. Daniel Bump. Levi Chamberlin. Isaac A. Chapman. Gurdon Darrow. James Dean. Eliphalet Elsworth. Jason Fargo. Joseph Fish. Hiram Guernsey. John Greek. Jesse Hale. Stephen Harding. John Haywood, Jr. Nathaniel Ives. Eleazer Kimball. Dyer Lathrop. Ralph Lines. Josiah Lord, Jr. Robert McCarty. Alick McGee. Thomas Oakley. Noah Reed. William Rockwell. Elisha Safford. Sylvester Smith. James Steenback. Ezra Sturdevant. Nathan P. Thatcher. Dalton Tiffany. Noah Tiffany, Jr. Jonathan Tread well. Hiland Vickery. William B. Welsh. Latham Williams. Eseck Wood. Jonathan Woodruff. Levi S. Agard. George Avery. Thomas Bagley. Calvin Bell. Calvin Blasdell. Jacob Bump. David Carpenter. Moses Chamberlin. Harry Clark. Peter Davis. Joseph Doolittle. John Fancher. James Farguson. Joseph Guernsey. Oliver Greatracks. David Hale. Amasa Harding. William Harking. David Holmes. Enos Jewell. Zeb. Lathrop. Ebenezer Lines. Nathaniel Locke. Jonathan Miles. Hugh MeCollum. John Newman. Corbett Pickering. James Kobinson. Jesse Boss. Thomas M. Safford. Joshua Smith, Jr. Wells Stanley. Daniel C. Thacher. Daniel Tingley. Lewis Tiffany. Bradley Thomas. Michael Van Winkle. Samuel Ward. Hiram Whipple. Daniel P. Wiley. Jonathan Wood. Josiah Woodworth. 212 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Among others who were in the War of 1812, who either were residents at the time or afterwards became residents, are the following: P. Turner Baldwin, Daniel Brewster, Billings Burdick, Calvin Corse, Zeph. Eldred, S. B. Fessenden, Jonas Puller, Martin Hall, Jonathan Howard, Joseph McKune, N. Norris, Eldad Loomis, Major Isaac Post, Philander Pepper, Joseph Peck, Charles Payn, Samuel Pickett, A. H. Bead, Enoch Smith, Luther Stanley, Saxa Seymour, Amos Tiffany, Tingley Tiffany, Job Tyler, Nathan P. Thatcher, Wareham B. Walker, Samuel Wilson, Lieut. J. B. Worden, Aaron Dewitt, Thos. Garland, Andrew Bogers, Erastus Caswell, Lodowick Bailey, Libbeus Rogers, P. G. Burch, Joshua Baker, S. B. Blake. Mexican War : James Johnson and William P. Carr. Militia. — 1 "The earliest item found respecting mi- litary organizations in this section after its settlement is the appointment by the Governor, December, 1797, of Putnam Catlin as brigade inspector for Luzerne County. A year or two later, when it was feared the country was on the eve of a war with France, the in- habitants of this section were alive to the situation. In the Wilkes-Barre Gazette and Luzerne Advertiser, about this time, appeared a notice to attract the at- tention of ' ambitious, spirited and patriotic young men, tired of lounging about their fathers' houses, and who wish to exchange a life of tasteless indolence for that of glory,' offering them a chance to join the army. !' The first military movement within the limits of Susquehanna County appears to have been in 1806, when the first militia training was held at Parkevale* There is special mention of training there in 1807-8. In the spring of 1808 there was a ' muster and inspec- tion ' at Joseph Chapman, Jr's. Thomas Parke was then colonel, and Walter Lyon major of the 129th Regiment, Pennsylvania Militia. In 1811, at a mili- tary election, William C. Turrel was chosen lieuten- ant-colonel ; Isaac Post and Asa Dimock majors ; Elias Bell, Hezekiah Leach, Hiel Tupper, Amos Tiffany, Seth Mitchell, Fred. Bailey, John Bard and Calvin D. Cobb were early captains in this regiment ; and at some time, probably, Rufus Fish, Jeremiah Spencer and Jabez A. Birchard. " The War of 1812 furnished practical reasons for military duty. An 'Appeal to Patriots,' published in the Luzerne County papers in 1813, offered a bounty of $16 (for enlistment for three years) and three months' pay at $8 per month, with one hundred and sixty acres of land. Those who enlisted for only eighteen months received no laud. " Complaint of taxes increased as hostilities con- tinued. May, 1814, bounty was raised to $124, be- sides 160 acres. In the summer a call appeared in the Luzerne County papers (none were then established in Susquehanna County) for a meeting immediately 1 Blaclmian, p. 621. after court, 23d August, at Edward Fuller's, ' friendly to a restoration of peace or a more vigorous prosecu- tion of the war.' " The burning of the Capitol at Washington stimu- lated militia organizations. At a militia election, in the summer of 1814, Fred. Bailey was elected colonel, Joseph Burgess lieutenant-colonel, J. Slocum and Benjamin Lathrop majors. " Isaac Post was appointed inspector of 2d Brigade. From his diary we learn that, October 23, 1814, he ' received orders for marching the militia, and set out for Wilkes-Barre on the 24th. Arrived at Danville, Pa., November 1 ; with detachment of militia on the 13th ; received orders to halt 19th ; to dismiss the de- tachment 21st; the whole] discharged 24th and 25th, same month.' Colonel F. Bailey accompanied this expedition. It was held up to ridicule, while the militia were waiting for their pay until April, 1819, and afterwards for its fruitlessness. EzraSturdevant, drafted from Harford or New Milford, was left sick at Danville, died, and was buried with military honors. It is laughingly asserted that Major Post brought back one hand-rifle and one tin camp-kettle as the spoils of this expedition. " After the war the old organization died out, and the 76th Regiment appears to have taken its place. Walter Lyon and Joseph Washburn were majors of this regiment, and Austin Howell, Job Tyler (after- wards colonel), Daniel Lathrop and John Comfort captains. In 1819 Daniel Lathrop was elected lieu- tenant-colonel of the same. I. Post declined a re- election as brigade inspector, and Samuel Thomas was chosen in 1823. The 2d Brigade, 8th Division, was composed of the 2d Regiment, Luzerne County, the 76th in Susquehanna, and the 70th in Wayne. Colo- nel Aden Stevens had command, very early, of a regi- ment composed of Bradford and Susquehanna men. At some time Francis Fordham was colonel of the 76th Regiment. " Luman Ferry was captain of an independent volun- teer company, formed in 1816. Several similar com- panies sprang up, among which we find the Harford Artillery, Captain Asahel Sweet and also Obadiah Carpenter ; a Rifle Company at Great Bend, Captain Jonathan Treadwell ; the Choconut Infantry, Captain Goodsell ; the Bridgewater Yeomanry Guards, Cap- tain Benjamin Sayre, and later, Bela Jones, A. C. Luce and Horace Smith ; the Brooklyn Infantry and the New Milford Infantry, Captain Seth Bisbee; the Montrose Artillery, Captain H. J. Champion ; the Susquehanna Troop, of which Fred. Stephens was orderly-sergeant, and Samuel Gregory, Hyde Crocker, Samuel Bard, captains ; Montrose Rifle Grays, David Francis, captain ; Springville Rifle Company, and Captain Canfield's Infantry (Middletown ?). "In 1824 nine companies united to form the 126th Volunteer Regiment, William Jessup, colonel ; Saxa Seymour, lieutenant-colonel ; B. Jones, adjutant ; Stephen S. Jewett, and Simon S. Chamberlain, majors. THE REBELLION. 213 For a few years succeeding military trainings were great occasions. Then came a lull — a sort of dis- repute, while the question of temperance was promi- nent in the public mind. But the country was awake to the interests of the patriots of the Bevolution, and many availed themselves of the benefits of acts of Congress on their behalf. " In 1837 there w_as a revival of military matters. Colonel D. D. Warner was elected brigadier-general. Mention is made of the 76th and 136th Regiments — 4 battalions ; the Washington Guards and Northern Guards Volunteer battalions, and 70th Regiment — 2 battalions, Wayne County — with which Susquehanna was connected. " May, 1852, the Montrose Artillery procured a can- non." There were ten independent companies within the county, besides the Dundaff battalion, in Clifford. They met for drill three times per year, and were armed by the States. There were also a few cavalry companies. Asa Dimock, M. C. Tyler, C. M. Gere and others were colonels, and C. D. Lathrop was elected major-general by Wayne and Susquehanna Counties. CHAPTER XVIII. SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE RE- BELLION (1861-65). WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY CAPTAIN H. F. BEAEDSLEY. "The rolling seasons pass away, And Time, untiring, waves hia wing ; Whilst honor's laurels ne'er decay, But bloom in fresh, unfading spring." It is eminently fitting and proper in this, the Cen- tennial year of our county's history that an effort be made to place in convenient form a permanent record of the names, at least, of the men who dared death for the flag, and whose brave deeds and achievements reflect so much credit and honor upon the county. While it would be impossible in one chapter, or even one volume, to recount the part taken by the soldiers from Susquehanna County in the late Civil War, the writer has aimed to mention all by name, and, when possible to do so, has placed each soldier in the organization in which he served. The attempt to do this has entailed much time and research ; and, after the lapse of a quarter of a century, the under- taking was beset with difficulties that at times seemed insurmountable. Susquehanna being a border county, many of her sons enlisted in New York and other States, and no " official " record of their service could be given — the writer having to depend on the per- sonal recollection of comrades. Of those who served in Pennsylvania organizations, their record of service, as published by Bates, in his " History of the Pennsyl- vania Volunteers," has been followed ; and, while in this compilation errors will doubtless be found, yet much care has been exercised to prevent them. Some names will be misspelled, some may be duplicated, and doubtless the names of a few soldiers are pub- lished who did not belong in the county, for, where a doubt existed, the name was retained. It is not the purpose of the writer to attempt to picture or embellish the part taken by the soldiers from this county in the war; but, as citizens of the old Keystone, we have a just and pardonable pride in the part taken by our grand old commonwealth in that terrible struggle with treason that commenced with the firing on Sumter and ended at Appomat- tox. It was Pennsylvania soldiers who first marched to the defense of the imperiled Capitol ; and the five companies of Pennsylvanians that arrived there the morning of April 18, 1861, were the head of the grand column of two millions of men that were afterwards mustered, and of which number Pennsyl- vania furnished nearly one-fifth. It is not our purpose to recapitulate and recall the events that transpired immediately preceding the war, or attempt to follow the footsteps of our " boys in blue " through that sanguinary and bloody strug- gle. In its patriotic efforts in defense of the Union Susquehanna County bore well and manfully her part with her sister counties in the State ; and the devo- tion and sacrifices of her sons, trgether with the record of their brave and heroic achievements, forms one of the brightest and most interesting chapters of her one hundred years of history. We regret that the space at our disposal will not admit of our giving a brief risumi of the service, of other organizations, many of which made noble records, and in which the " boys " of the county have a just pride. There were many who belonged to the "scattering" organizations, who were among the first to enlist in 1861. We have already alluded to the fact that many enlisted outside of the county and State, and, being scattered among scores of different organ- izations, it has been difficult to establish their iden- tity correctly or to credit them to the place of their en- listment. The actual number that enlisted from the county can never be definitely fixed ; but, from the best in- formation at our disposal, the number is ascertained to be a little more than thirty-one hundred. Comrades of this county, I am indebted to a num- ber of you for valuable assistance in the prosecution of this difficult task, which was undertaken with many misgivings. Its labors have been lightened by the interest you have manifested, and if the result shall prove reasonably satisfactory to the soldiers of the county and their friends, I shall feel that my efforts have not been in vain. The Pennsylvania Reserves. — No body of troops, whether great or small, that participated in 214 HISTOKY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the War of the Rebellion, earned greater distinction or covered themselves with more deserved and last- ing renown than did the "Pennsylvania Reserve Corps." It is proper in this connection to briefly review the history of its formation. It is known that previous to the breaking out of the Rebellion many of the Southern people and some Southern sympathizers believed that if war resulted from secession, it would be on Northern soil. As early as February, 1861, Jefferson Davis, in a speech at Jackson, Miss, declared: — "If war must come, it must be upon Northern and not upon Southern soil." The national authorities were not oblivious to this threatened contingency, and early in April, 1861, took measures to co-operate with Governor Curtin in protecting the Pennsylvania border from invasion. But the killing of the Massachusetts soldiers in the streets of Baltimore on the 19th of the same month, and the severing of all communication between Pennsylvania and Washington served to increase the apprehension already felt. Finding that under exist- ing laws there was no provision whereby the military power of the State could be used for its protection, Governor Curtin, on the 20th of April, 1861, issued his proclamation, convening the Legislature in extra session ten days thereafter. In his message to the Legislature he said : " The time is past for tempor- izing or forbearing with this rebellion, the most causeless in history. * * * The insurrection must now be met by force of arms. * * * A quarter of a million of Pennsylvania's sons will answer the call to arms, if need be, to wrest us from a reign of anarchy and plunder, and secure for themselves and their children, for ages to come, the perpetuity of this government and its beneficent insti- tutions. * * * To furnish ready support to those who have gone out, and to protect our borders, we should have a well regulated military force. I, there- fore, recommend the immediate organization, dis- ciplining and arming of at least fifteen regiments of cavalry and infantry, exclusive of those called into the service of the United States." This message was at once referred to a select corn- committee of seven of the House, and two days thereafter, in compliance with the recommendations of the Governor, a bill was reported, creating a loan and providing for arming the State, and on the 15th of May it received the signature of the Governor and became a law. Among other provisions, the act authorized and directed the commander-in-chief (the Governor) to organize a military corps to be com- posed of thirteen regiments of infantry, one of cavalry and one of light artillery, to be enlisted in the State service for three years, or during the war, and to be subject to muster into the United States service upon requisition of the President. In compliance with the act of Assembly, Gov- ernor Curtin immediately issued his call for men to compose this corps, apportioning them to each county according to population, in order that each section of the State might have due representation in it. Enlistments were rapid and great enthusiasm was felt to enter its ranks. Four camps of instruction were established — one at Easton, one at Westchester, one at Pittsburgh, and one at Harrisburg. Geo. A. McCall, a West Point graduate, who had distin- guished himself in the war with Mexico, was appointed a major-general to command the corps, and he entered upon the duty of organizing and pre- paring it for the field with the zeal of a volunteer and the skill of a veteran. The First Regiment of the corps were organized on the 19th of June following, and became the Thir- tieth in the line; and while the whole corps was principally recruited during that month, owing to delays in a few of the regimental formations, notably the First Cavalry, the corps was not fully organized until September 1st. But the angry tide of rebellion did not stay its onward course, and long before the last " Reserve " regiment was in the field, the timely wisdom of the Executive and loyal people of Penn- sylvania, in thus forming the nucleus of a reserve army, was widely noted and commended. The camps of instruction became such only in name, for many of the regiments were ordered into active ser- vice almost immediately upon their organization. The disasters at Bull Run, that culminated on the 20th of July in the defeat of the Union army, caused the government to call loudly for troops. Fortunately for the country, and to the lasting honor and glory of Pennsylvania, she had an organized body of troops ready for duty. We have thus briefly noted the inception and formation of this corps, which was designated by the act of Assembly creat- ing it, the " Reserve Volunteer Corps of the Com- monwealth ; " but the name that struck terror to its foes, and which will go down in history side by side with its glorious achievements, was " Pennsylvania Reserves," in the formation of which, Susquehanna County promptly furnished her full quota, and more. This was composed of Company H, Fourth "Re- serves," and thirty-third in the line; Company K Sixth " Reserves," and thirty-fifth in the line, and parts of Batteries A, F and H, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, which was forty-third in the line. Fourth Pennsylvania Reserves {Thirty-third Begi-r ment). — The companies composing the Fourth Regiment were recruited, one from each of the counties of Chester, Monroe, Montgomery, Lycoming and Susquehanna, and the remaining five from the city and county of Philadelphia. The companies were ordered to rendezvous at the "re- serve " camp at Easton, where they assembled early in June. On the 20th of that month a regimental organization was effected by the election of the fol- lowing field officers : Colonel, Robert G. March ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John F. Gaul; Major, Robert M. McClure. THE REBELLION. 215 The regiment received clothing and equipments early in July, and on the 16th it was ordered to Har- risburg, proceeding thither by rail, and the following day it was mustered into the United States service- On the 21st of July, in obedience to orders from "Washington, it moved by rail to Baltimore and was on duty in that city, under command of Gen. Dix, until the last of August, when it was ordered to the general camp of rendezvous of the Reserves at Tenallytown, Md. Upon the organization of the division, the Fourth was assigned to the Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Geo. G. Meade, which, besides the Fourth, was composed of the Third, Seventh and Eleventh Regiments of the Reserves. On the 9th of October, in company with the whole division, the Fourth broke camp and cross- ing the Chain Bridge, first stepped foot on the " sacred soil" of Virginia, and became an integral part of the Army of the Potomac, so soon to become the object of deepest solicitude to every loyal heart, and destined to win a place in history second to no army of ancient or modern times. On the 20th of Decem- ber occurred the brilliant little victory at Drainsville, which was won by General Ord's brigade (the Third), but the Second Brigade marched rapidly to its sup- port, but arrived too late to take part in the action. In the spring of 1862, upon McClellan's departure for the Peninsula, the Reserves were left with the First Corps under command of General McDowell ; but early in June the plan of the campaign was changed ; the Reserves were detached from McDowell's Corps, and ordered to proceed by water to White House, and thence march and form a junction with McClel- lan's army. The Fourth reached the vicinity of Mechanicsville on the 20th of June, and on the 26th a severe battle was fought. In this engagement the Fourth was held in reserve, and although not actively engaged, was under fire during the entire battle. During the night following the division was with- drawn to Gaines' Mill, when the next day the rebel army, sixty thousand strong, commanded by its most skillful and trusted generals, attacked the single corps of Fitz-John Porter, In this engagement McCall's division was held in reserve until three o'clock p. M., when it was ordered in and imme- diately became desperately engaged. The Fourth, supporting Duryea's Zouaves, drove the enemy from the woods, after which it was ordered to the extreme left, where it charged the rebel line; but they were met by the overwhelming numbers of the enemy and were forced to fall back with much loss. Following on the heels of this desperate engage- ment came, on the 30th, the battle of Charles City Cross-Roads, that was to prove to the Fourth even more desperate and bloody. The Fourth was posted in the front line on the right, in support of Randall's battery. General McCall says in his official report : " The most determined charge of the day was made upon Randall's battery by a full brigade, advancing in wedge shape, without order, but with a wild reck- lessness that I never saw equalled." After referring to other charges that had been made by single regi- ments upon Cooper's and Kern's batteries, which had been gallanted repulsed, the general continues : "A like result appears to have been anticipated by Ran- dall's battery, and the Fourth Regiment (as was subsequently reported to me) was requested not to advance between the guns, as / had ordered, as it interfered with the cannoneers, but to let the battery deal with them, Its gallant commander did not doubt, I am satisfied, his ability to repel the attack, and his guns fairly opened lanes in the advancing hosts." But nothing daunted, the rebel column closed up, and with trailed arms came on at a run to the very muzzles of the guns, where they pistoled and bayoneted the cannoneers and attacked their supports (the Fourth) with such fury and in such overwhelming numbers that they were broken and thrown into confusion. But the regiment rallied and held their ground with the most determined ob- stinacy. General McCall, continuing, says : " It was here my fortune to witness, between those of my men who stood their ground and rebels who advanced, one of the fiercest bayonet fights that perhaps ever occurred on this continent. Bayonets were crossed and locked in the struggle; bayonet wounds were freely given and received. I saw skulls crushed by the heavy blow of the butt of the musket, and, in short, the desperate thrusts and parries of a life-and- death encounter, proving indeed that Greek had met Greek when the Alabama boys fell upon the sons of Pennsylvania." The enemy was successfully held in check, and during the night the Reserves retired to Malvern Hill. During the battle that followed McCall's division was held in reserve and was not called into action. The casualties in the Fourth Regiment, during the seven days of battle, were upward of two hundred. But weary marches and fierce fighting were still in store for the Fourth before the begin- ning of a new year. From Malvern Hill to Harri- son's Landing, to the Rapidan, to the plains of Manassas it marched, and here, on the 29th and 30th of August, it again met the enemy at the second battle of Bull Run, where the Reserves were under the command of General John F. Reynolds — Gen- eral McCall having resigned. On the 14th of Sep- tember the Fourth again encountered the enemy at South Mountain and was heavily engaged, that battle resulting in the retreat of the enemy. On the evening of the 16th the Reserves crossed Antietam creek, with the Fourth in the advance, and opened that important and bloody battle. They slept that night on the ground where they fought, and at day- break renewed the battle, which raged with great fury for five hours, when the Reserves were relieved. The enemy retreated, leaving substantial evidence of victory in the hands of the Union army. At the 216 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December, the Fourth held the right of the second line in the memorable charge of the "Pennsylvania Reserves" on Marye's Heights, when they broke through the enemy's lines, carried the summit, which was the key to his position, but failing of support, they were forced to retire. The casualties in the Fourth Regi- ment during these series of battles exceeded one hundred and twenty-five. On the 8th of February 1863, the Reserves, now greatly reduced by active service, were ordered to the defences of Washington to rest and recruit. Here the Fourth remained, engaged in various duties, until the 6th of January, 1864, when it was ordered to duty in West Virginia. Of its subsequent honor- able service we shall make mention in the brief history which follows of Company H. — The writer is indebted for such facts in relation to Company H as are not found in the " official " records to a very complete and compre- hensive history of the company, published a few years since, compiled by Mrs. M. H. France, and of which Sergeant M. H. Van Scoten, of Auburn, is historian. We have before alluded to the fact that the company was the army family, and companies, like families, often had family secrets. It must not be inferred from this that Sergeant Van Scoten dis- closed any family secrets in his history. We wish that space allowed us to quote copiously from this work ; but we have only place for such facts as bear upon the military record of Company H, and the men who made it. Shortly after Governor Curtin had issued his call for men to compose the "Reserve Corps," heretofore alluded to, E. B. Gates, of Dimock, applied to and received authority from the Governor to recruit a company for the corps. He was materially aided in this undertaking by George W. Crandall, of Liberty, and other patriotic citizens, many of whom became members of the company, and June 11, 1861, eighty- five men assembled at Montrose, who not only rep- resented more than half of the towns in our county, but its intelligence and the patriotic loyalty of its citizens. On the 13th they left Montrose, via the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, for Eas- ton, where, after passing a rigid medical examination, they were, on the 20th, mustered into the State ser- vice. The company had previously organized by electing E. B. Gates, captain ; George W. Crandall, first lieutenant; and Edwin Rogers, second lieu- tenant, and its "muster" roll showed an aggregate of seventy-five men. Its assignment as Company H, of the Fourth Regiment, has already been alluded to, and the history of the movements of the company, its marches and battles up to Jan. 6, 1864, would only be a repetition of the Fourth Regiment's history already given. On the 15th of October, 1861, Lieutenant Crandall, on account of failing health, resigned and returned home, and Lieutenant Rogers was promoted to first lieutenant. Lieutenant Crandall afterwards re-en- listed and became captain of Company A, One Hun- dred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers. On the 16th the first death in the company occurred — that of Samuel Hathaway, and on the 29th Edwin Bennett died in the hospital at Washington. On the 2d of November Lieutenant Rogers, on account of continued ill health, resigned. He was a native of Brooklyn, and died before the close of the war. His memory is cherished and preserved by " Lieutenant Rogers " Post, G. A. R., of that town. The resigna- tion of Lieutenant Rogers left Company H with but one commissioned officer. At an election held to fill the vacancies, Sergeant A. T. Sweet was elected first and Sergeant Wm. McGee second lieutenant. " But," says Sergeant Van Scoten in his history, "General Meade refused to recommend Sergeant McGee for promotion, having a friend in Philadelphia — Wm. M. Watmough — whom he desired the company to elect second lieutenant, that he might have him on his staff, and against the protests of the company they were obliged to accept him, and he was duly commis- sioned." At the battle of Charles City Cross-Roads Captain Gates was struck by a piece of shell that shattered the ankle joint and necessitated the amputation of his leg. He was discharged from the service Oct. 7, 1862, and given a commission as captain in the Vet- eran Reserve Corps, which he held for eight years, doing duty in various capacities in that corps. After his discharge from the service he returned to Dimock, where he resided until a few years ago, when he went West, where he is now permanently located. He has been engaged in agricultural pursuits since his dis- charge from the service. In the spring of 1863, while the company was in the vicinity of Washington, Lieutenant A. T. Sweet was promoted to captain, Sergeant T. P. Mills to first lieutenant, and Private James P. Gay to second lieutenant, while on the non-commissioned staff M. H. Van Scoten and C. E. McCrackin were promoted to sergeants, and W. J. Lawrence and J. B. Hinchman to corporals. From the history of Company H we learn that at the end of two years' service the company numbered but thirty-three. Seven had been killed or died of wounds, five died from disease, three were discharged for wounds and twenty for disability, three officers had resigned and four privates were "absent without leave." Jan. 6, 1864, the company started on their West Virginia campaign and arrived at Martinsburg on the 7th. On the 25th thirteen of the company re- enlisted for three years or the war, and as twelve had previously re-enlisted, this made twenty-five vet- eran volunteers in Company H. Early in March following those who had re-enlisted received a " vet- eran furlough " for thirty days and returned to their homes. But amid friends and the delights of home, how swift flew the days, and all too soon came the THE EEBELLION. 217 leave-takings and the good-byes! On the 16th of April they again assembled at Harrisburg, and there found that twenty-one recruits had joined the com- pany, all from Susquehanna County, and many of them neighbors and acquaintances. A few days thereafter they received transportation and rejoined their regiment in West Virginia. On the 9th of May occurred the battle of Cloyd Mountain, which, though not prominent in the annals of the war, was a severe and desperate engagement for the forces that participated. The Third and Fourth were the only regiments of the "Reserves'' sent to act with the other troops in this campaign in West Virginia. At this battle the two regiments numbered from five to six hundred, and had nearly one hundred killed and wounded. Colonel Wool- worth, of the Fourth, fell mortally wounded at the head of his regiment, but strange to relate, Company H, although in the thickest of the fight, did not lose a man. This was the first battle of the new recruits, but their unflinching valor on this occasion proved them worthy to belong to a company of " Old Vets." On the 28th of May, the three years' term of enlist- ment of the Third and Fourth Reserves having ex- pired, those who had not re-enlisted were ordered home to be mustered out, while the "Vets" and re- cruits of the two regiments were organized into a battalion of five companies, and placed in command of Captain A. T. Sweet. Thus ended the service of the Fourth Regiment as an organization. It arrived at Philadelphia on the 8th day of June, and on the 15th was mustered out. We will now briefly follow the fortunes of the "Vets" and recruits of Company H. During the remainder of the campaign in West Virginia the battalion shared in all its battles and terrible marches, at one time being without food and with no halt for rest for eight days and nights. On the 13th of July, 1864, they arrived on the Upper Potomac, above Martinsburg. Here Captain Sweet and Lieutenant Gay, both having served thirty days beyond their three years' term of enlistment, bade good-bye to their comrades and proceeded to their homes. 1 Here the veterans and recruits of the two "Reserve 1 ' Regiments were transferred to the Fifty- fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. On the 18th the company, as re-organized, had a short but severe engagement with the enemy, in which five of the original members of Company H, including Ser- geant Van Scoten, were wounded, two or three of them subsequently dying of their wounds. They shared the disasters and triumphs of Sheridan's cam- paign in the Shenandoah Valley, and late in Decem- ber they proceeded, via Washington, to City Point, on the James River. In this vicinity they passed the winter, and March 25, 1865, they broke camp for their last and final campaign, that was to end at Appo- mattox. By the fortunes of war, three days before 14* i See personal sketch of Captain Sweet, the final surrender of Lee, the Fifty-fourth Pennsyl- vania and the One Hundred and Thirty-second Ohio Regiments were captured. We would like to recapit- ulate and review the past; we would like to mention the survivors of this company, and note the positions of trust and honorable citizenship they to-day occu- py, but we have only room for their names and their " official " military record, which follows: ABBREVIATIONS USED. Adjt., Adjutant. Ab., Absent. Bur., Buried. Bvt., Brevet. Capt,, Captain. Capt'd, Captured. Cem., Cemetery. Cert., Certificate. Chap., Chaplain. Cor., Corporal. Com., Commissioned or Com- missary. Cav., Cavalry. Ch., Church. Disch., Discharged. Exp., Expiration. Fur., Furlough. G. 0., General Order. Hos., Hospital. Lieut, or Lt., Lieutenant. Mis., Missing. Blue, Musician. Mns., Mustered. Pr., Promoted. Priv., Private. Pris., Prisoner. Rcgt., Regiment. Res., Resigned. Re., Re-eniisted. Serv., Service. S. 0., Special Order. Surg., Surgeon. Sergt., Sergeant. Tr., Transferred. Vet., Veteran Volunteer. V. R. C, Veteran Reserv Corps. Wd., Wounded. Wds., Wounds. The date followiug name indicates date of muster into service. COMPANY H, FOURTH PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Mustered into service Jutw 20, 1861, unless otherwise staled ; mustered out Junell, 1864. Capt. E B. Gates, wd. June 30, '62, at Charles City Cross-Roads; foot am- putated ; disch. Oct. 7, '62 ; recommissioned capt. of Invalid Corps, and served eight years. 1st Lt. Geo. W. Crandall, res. Oct. 15, '61 ; re. in Co. C, 151st P. V. 2d Lt. Edwin Rogers, pr. to 1st. lt. ; res. Nov. 2, '61 (see " Rogers Post, G. A. It.). 1st Sergt. William McGee, honorably disch. July 1, '62; re. in Co. H, 141st P. V. Horton Ellis, ab. on detached service at mug. out. A. T. Sweet, pr. to 1st lt. and capt. Theodore P. Mills, pr. to 1st lt. ; disch. by S. 0. at expiration of term. William E. Gates, disch. Dec, '62. Corporals. Marshall H. Van Scoten, tr. to Co. E, 54th P. V. ; pr. to sergt. ; wd. at Snicker's Gap, Va., July 18, '64; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. Wallace E. Southworth, tr. to 54th P. V. ; pr. to sergt ; captd ; died in rebel prison ; vet. Charles M. Chapman, wd. and captd. at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, '62. Americus M. Murray, tr. to 54th P. V. ; pr. to sergt. ; tr. to Invalid Corps ; vet. Elbert L. Blakeslee, disch. Dec. 31, '62. Privates. Anderson, John, tr. to 54th Regt., P. V. ; pr. to cor. ; pris. 7 mo. ; disch. byG. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. Ackerman, Newell, Mar. '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. Ackerman, Stephen, Mar. '64 ; died in '64. Bennett, Alex., killed at Gaines' Mills June 27, '62. Bennett, Edwin, died Oct. 29, '61. Beebe, Stephen H., disch. Oct. 24, '62. Brown, Bernard, disch. Nov. 18, '62. Buchanan, Jackson, Mar., '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. Brotzman, George, Mar., '64 ; wd. July 18, '64, at Lynchburg, Va. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. Cokely, Jeremiah, not on mus. out roll. Corey, IsaacD., wd. at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, '62 ; tr. to 54th P. Y. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. 218 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Corey, John W., tr. to 54lh Regt., P. V. ; disch. tiy G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. Carter, ('has. A., Mar., '04 ; was in 35th Rogt , Pa. ; in 3 mos. Bervice ; wd. twice at Winchester, Ya. ; disch. Jan. Ill, '65. Corey, Geo. \V\, Mar., '64 ; mua. out with Co. July 15, '65. Clapp, Dennis, Mar., '04 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. Dailey, Patrick, not with Co. at mus. out. Davidson, Abo, tr. to 54th Rogt., P. V. ; mus. out with Co.; vet. Darrow, H. A., Mar., '64 ; wd. at Lynchburg, Va., July 18, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May Sl.'lifl. Ely, Anson T., killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '62. Frink, William, disch. Aug. 25, '02. Gay, Calvin S., wd. at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, '62 ; re. ; vet. Gathany, John S., tr. to 54th Eogt. P. V. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. Gay, James P., pr. to 2d It. for bravery in battle. Gray, Win. II., tr. to 54th Eegt. P. V.; pris. 5 mos. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65; vet. Guernsey, Silvester, disch. June, '62. Gunsalus, Virgil P., tr. to 54th Regt. P. V.; mus. out by G. 0. May 3, '66 Gates, Chas. S., Mar., '64 ; pris. 4 mos. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. Hinchman, Jas. B., tr. too 1th Regt. P. V. ; pr. to sergt. killed at Snick- er's Gap, Ya., July IS, '64 ; vet. Hall, Aaron J., disch. June 15, '62 ; re. and killed in front of Peters- burg, Va. Hathaway, Samuel C, died Oct. 16, '61. Holenbeck, Ezekiol M., died Mar. 10, '62. Hickok, Thomas S., disch in '62 ; re. in Co. H, 141st P. V. Higley, De Witto, died Jan. 3, '62. Hawley, Daniel E., Mar., '64 ; mus. out with Co. July 15, '65. Kinyon, Charles, tr. to 54th Regt. P. V. ; muc. ; not on mus. out roll. Knowles, John W., Mar., '64 ; mus. out with Co. July 15, '65. Lawrouce, Wm. J., was in 3 mos. serv. ; pr. to corp. ; wd. June 30, '62 ; tr. to 54th P. V. ; disch. July 15, '65 ; vet. Larney, Jos. R.,tr. to 54th P. V. ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Lasuro, Baronet J., tr. toSUk P. V.; wd. Oct. 15, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet Lewis, Llewellyn C, tr. to 54th P. Y. ; wd. April 7, '65 ; disch. by G. 0. May 3, '65 ; vet. Luce, Russell S., disch. April 1, '62. Lewis, Hauford S., Mar., '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. McCracken, Chas. E., tr.to P. Y. ; pr. 1st It. Co. E, 54th P. V. ; wd. at Lynchburg, Ya., June 19, '64 ; pr. to capt. April 3, '65 ; not mus. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. McCracken, Daniel, was in 3 mos. serv. ; tr. to 54th P. V. ; priB. 4 mos. ; discb. by G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. OBterhout, Henry, Mar. ,'64; wd. April 2, '65, at Ft. Gregg, Va. ; in hos. at mus. out. Ousterhout, Philip, Mar., '04 ; wd. July 18, '64, at Snicker's Gap, Va. ; disch. by G. O. June 6, '05 ; died from effects of wound 7 years after- wards. Paul, Geo. R.,died Juno 29, '62. Perkins, DavidB., killed at Antietam Sept. 16, '62. Reynolds, Joseph L., dibch. April, '63. Reynolds, Philander, disch. April 31, '62. Riley, Edward, disch. Aug. 25, '62. Stone, Thos. W., killed at Gaines' Mills, June 27, '62. Sherman, Perry C, killed at Charles City Cross- Roads June 30, '62. Smith, George W., wd. and capt'dat Gaines' Mills June 27, '02 ; diach. for wds. Smith, John L., tr. to 54th P. Y. ; pr. to sergt.-major ; mus. out with Co.; vet. Smith, Denmark, died May 1, '02. Smith, Franklin G., tr. to Tilth P. V. ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Smith, Alfred, not with Co. at mus. out. Searle, Roger 8., disch. by S. 0. May 0, '62. Springer, Tunis, disch. Aug. 25, '01. Simpson, Stephen G., disch. in '01. Shaddock, Thomas E.,Mar., '64 ; disch. by G. O. May 31, '65. Stevens, Jesse, Mar., '64 ; pris. 4 mos. ; disch. by G. 0. June 19, '65. Swatkhaiumer, Alden, Mar., '64; died in '04. Truesdell, John W., tr. to 54th P. V. , wd. July 18, '64, at Snicker's Gap, Va. ; leg amputated ; vet. Tripler, Wm. K., disch. Aug. 25, '61. Warner, Geo. L., tr. to 54th P. V. ; not on mus. out roll ; vet. Warner, William, not on mus. out roll. Warner, Dennis, injured at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, '62 ; disch. White, Marshall, tr. to 54th P. Y. ; wd. at Snicker's Gap July 18, '64 ; died in Danville prison, Va. Woodruff, George E., tr. to 54th P. V. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 05 ; vet. Woodward, Lauriston S., wd. at Bull Kim Aug. 29, '62 ; tr. to 54th P. V. ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65 ; vet. Yonngs, John B., mortally wd. Juno 30, '62 ; died Aug. 25, '62. Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves (Thirty-fifth Regiment). — The companies composing this regi- ment were recruiter], one from each of the counties of Susquehanna, Columbia, Dauphin, Tioga, Snyder, Franklin, Montour and Wayne, and two from the county of Bradford. It is a remarkable coincidence, that, although recruited in different sections of the State, six of the ten companies were organized on the same day, April 22, 1861, and this included the com- pany from this county — the " Susquehanna Guards." The companies rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, where, on June 22d, a regimental organization was effected by the election of William W. Ricketts, colonel; William M. Penrose, lieutenant-colonel; and Henry J. Madill, of Towanda, major. On the 22d of July it received orders to proceed to Washington, where it arrived on the 24th, and on the 27th was mustered into the United States service. Shortly afterwards it proceeded to the camp of the Reserve Corps at Tenallytown, Md. Here it was assigned to the Third Brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Ord, which, besides the Sixth, was composed of the Ninth, Tenth and Twelfth Regiments of the Reserves. On the 20th of December, at Dranesville, the Third Brigade won the initial victory of the Reserves, and thus early in their army-life did the Sixth go forth to battle and to victory. In our history of the Fourth Regiment we have recounted the transfer, in the spring of 1862, of the Pennsylvania Reserves from McDowell's corps to McClellan's army, then operat- ing on the Peninsula. The Sixth arrived at White House on the 14th of June. Here much alarm existed on account of the cavalry-raids of Stewart, which threatened destruc- tion to the vast stores here accumulated for the supply of McClellan's army. When the Third Brigade marched to join McClellan, the Sixth was detailed to remain behind for the delicate and responsible duty of guarding this important base of supplies. But the advance of the rebels on the right-flank of the Union army rendered White House no longer tenable, and hasty preparations were made to evacuate. The available transports were laden to the water's edge with government stores, and huge piles were burned for lack of transportation. Five companies of the Sixth, under command of Colonel Sinclair, were at TunstalPs Station, four miles from White House, and at four o'clock on the afternoon of May 28th, we received orders to march to White House without delay. On the way he was twice urged forward by orders from General Stoneman, and finally directed to throw everything away but their guns and cart- ridge-boxes, and move at double-quick. The enemy THE REBELLION. 219 followed closely, but they reached the landing in safety and immediately embarked — the other five companies of the regiment having already departed. From White House they proceeded to Harrison's Landing, arriving there the 1st of July. That night the wagon trains from McClellan's discomfited army began to arrive, and towards morning brigade after brigade came pouring in. A sad spectacle was pre- sented as the worn and thinned regiments, just from the fields of the Seven Days' battles, many not larger than a full company, came toiling in through the mud. The meeting of the Sixth with its comrades of the division was touching indeed, their greatly reduced numbers enabling the regiment to fully realize how dreadful had been the late contest before Richmond. On the 4th the Sixth was transferred to the First Brigade, and 1hus became associated with the Firsti Second and Fifth Regiments of the Reserves. Prom the Peninsula the Sixth moved by water to Acquia Creek, and from there by rail to Falmouth, where it arrived on the 16th of August. In the sanguinary battles of the 28th, 29th and 30th of August, known as the Second Bull Run, the Sixth was hotly en- gaged and bore a conspicuous part. While gallantly charging the enemy on the 30th, the flag of the Sixth was shot from the staff while in the hands of Major Madill. It was instantly taken by the gallant Reynolds, who, holding it aloft, dashed along the line, the wind catching it as he turned and wrapping it about his noble form. The sight inspired the men of the Sixth to deeds of greater valor, and for an instant they paused in the midst of battle and gave a tremendous soul-stirring cheer for their commander. The casualties in the Sixth during these three bloody days were nearly fifty. On the 30th of August Major Madill was elected colonel of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regi- ment, and a few days thereafter, took leave of the Sixth, not without many regrets; for in the battle they had just passed through, he had displayed con- spicuous daring and gallantry, and had won the con- fidence of all. The Sixth next met the enemy at South Mountain on the 14th of September, and during the engagement, five companies of the regiment had a fierce encounter with the Eighth Alabama Regi- ment, which they drove in confusion from the moun- tain, but with the loss of twelve killed and forty-one wounded. Scarcely had the echoes of this battle died away ere the Sixth again confronted the enemy on the memorable field of Antietam. Here its heroic courage was again put to the test, and nobly sustained ; its losses in killed and wounded aggregating one hun- dred and thirty-two. But the day of its greatest trial had not yet arrived. Yet, the 13th of December came all too soon, and the dawn of that day found the Sixth confronting the rebel hosts on the heights of Fredericksburg. The charge of the "Pennsylvania Reserves " on Marye's Heights has already been alluded to, and the Sixth fought fierce and well, as its depleted ranks gave sad and convincing evidence. Its colonel was borne from the field wounded, and of the three hundred men who went into action, one hundred and twenty-two were killed and wounded, and nineteen were missing. After the battle the Sixth went into camp near Belle Plain and, excepting participating in Burnsides' "mud march," remained there until February 7th, 1863, when it was ordered to Alexandria. Nothing of moment occurred until the 25th of June, when it joined the general move- ment of the Army of the Potomac in the memorable campaign that ended at Gettysburg. The Sixth reached Gettysburg at two o'clock, P. M., of the 2d of July, and made a charge from Little Round Top. It remained on the field that night and on the morn- ing of the 3d, was again engaged, and in a charge made towards evening of that day, it captured a number of prisoners and re-captured a gun and five caissons, and relieved a large number of Union prisoners. It sustained a loss of two killed and twenty-two wounded. During the remainder of 1863 it had several en- counters with the enemy, one at Bristoe Station and again at New Hope Church. The spring campaign of 1864, opened for the Sixth by its breaking camp, April 29th, and marching to the bloody battle-fields of the Wilderness, where on May 5th, 6th and 7th it was actively engaged, contesting with determined obstinacy every inch of ground. At Spottsylvania, on the 8th, it was heavily engaged. On the 10th it made two determined charges upon the enemy's works, and again on the 22d. Its losses in these engagements were thirteen killed, sixty-four wounded and nine missing. Constantly upon the skirmish and picket-line, the Sixth met the enemy on every field with unflinching courage. On the 22d it captured ninety men belonging to Hill's Corps. At length, the final day of its service came, and with it its crowning triumph at Bethesda Church. The Sixth being deployed as skirmishers, was at- tacked by an overwhelming force and compelled to retire. It then threw up a rifle-pit, upon which the enemy impetuously charged. Reserving its fire until the foe was sufficiently near, it poured into their ranks a volley which inflicted most terrible slaugh- ter. Although, but about one hundred and fifty strong, the Sixth captured one hundred and two prisoners, and buried seventy-two dead rebels in their immediate front. After three years of service in camp and on field, from its first victory at Dranesvilleto its final brilliant success at Bethesda Church, sharing always the hard- ships and privations of the Army of the Potomac, as well as the glory which clusters around its name, the Sixth, on the 1st of June started for Harrisburg, where, with other regiments of the Reserves, it was enthusiastically received on the 6th, and on the 14th was mustered out of service. 220 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Company K. — This company, which was organized at Susquehanna, April 22, 1861, was largely recruited from the borough of Susquehanna, and the township of Harmony. J. R. McCauly, of the latter place, assisted by John Shull, David Mason and J. A. Bonawitz, was largely instrumental in recruiting the company. It left Susquehanna on the 22d of April, 1861, for Harrisburg, and was known as the " Susque- hanna Guards," — its distinguishing uniform being a red-flannel blouse, which was manufactured and given to them by the ladies of Susquehanna. Upon reach- ing Harrisburg it was mustered into the State service, being the first company from the county. Its officers were John Shull, captain ; David Mason, first lieuten- ant; and J. A. Bonawitz, second lieutenant. Captain Shull was a Virginian by birth, and had served in the Mexican war from April, 1846, to June 1847, and was a captain in the Pennsylvania militia in 1X34-51. At the time of his enlistment, in 1861, he was a locomo- tive engineer. After the war he became crippled by rheumatism, contracted in the army during his three years' service. He died in 1885, near Cowan, Tenn. ; where he had resided the last ten years of his life, engaged in farm- ing. Lieutenant David Mason is a well-known resi- dent of Susquehanna, to which place he returned after nearly three years' honorable service. The present whereabouts of Lieutenant Bonawitz are unknown. We have followed the fortunes of the Sixth from Dranesville to Bethesda Church, and in its achieve- ments, its toils, and its triumphs, no company in the regiment shared more, fully than did Company " K." On the 25th of December, 1863, P. L. Norton, who had previously been promoted from orderly- sergeant of the company to commissary-sergeant of the regi- ment, with twelve or fourteen more of Company K, re-enlisted. We doubt if these men had turkey that day for dinner, but they could have made no more valuable Christmas-offering upon the altar of their country. Just previous to the muster out of the regi- ment, at the expiration of its term, the veterans from the Sixth were transferred to the One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, — those from Company K, forming part of Company E, of that regiment. P. L. Norton was promoted to first lieutenant of that company June 6, 1864, and to captain, December 3, 1864, and on April 1, 1865, was made major by brevet. George W. Belcher was made orderly-sergeant of the company, and on November 1, 1864, was commissioned first lieutenant but was not musLered, being a prisoner. It was the misfortune of this regiment to be cap- tured, with others, on the 19th of August, 1864, while gallantly defending an advanced position near the Weldon Railroad. The men suffered all the horrors of Salsbury, not being released until near the close of the war. COMPANY K., SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Mustered into service April 23, 1861, unhss otherwise staled ; mustered out Juiu- 11, 1864. Capt John Shull, mus. out with Co. 1st Lt. David Mason, disch. on surg. cert. March 25, '64. 2d Lt. Jacob A. Bonawitz, mus. out with Co. 1st Sergt. Perez L. Norton, v. d . and captd. Dec 13, '62 ; pr. to coin, sergt., to 1st Lieut. Co. E, 191st Reg. P. V., June C, '04 ; to capt. Dec. 3, '64 ; to bv. major April 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Juno 28, '65 ; vet. 1st Sergt. JameH Riordan, mus. out with Co. Sergeants. George W. Belcher, tr. to Co. E. 191st Reg. P. V. May 31, '64 ; captd. at Weldon Railroad, Va., Aug. 19, 1804; com. 1st lt. Nov. 1, '04 ; not mus. ; disch. by G. 0. May 27, '65 ; vet. Jas. P. Van Gorder, mus. out with Co. Aug. B. Williams, mus. out with Co. Wm. F. Kresky, May 29, '61, wd. in action, date unknown ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 31, '62. Alexander Ives, tr. to Vet. Res. Corps March 28, '64 ; vet. Isaac W. Day, died at Richmond of wds. reed, at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '62. Edward Broeser, not with Co. at mus. out. Corporals. John Connelly, July 17, '01, mus. out with Co. Charles Brock, mus. out w ith Co. Wm. McKeever, disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 3, '62. C. J. Harrington, disch. on serg. cert. April 27, '62. Thomas G. Newman, tr. to 191st Reg. P. V. May 31, '04 ; mui. out June 28, '65; vet. A. G. Townsend, died Nov. 21, '61. H. E. Demander, died Jan. 2, '63, of wds. rec. at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '62. Private*. Ackerman, Newell, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 3, '62 ; re. in Co. H, 4th Pa. Res. Anderson, Thomas, disch on surg. cert. Dec. 12, '62. Allman, Isaac, Oct. 8, '61 ; tr. to 191st Reg. P. V. May 31, '04 ; capt'd at Weldon R. R., Va., Aug. 19, '64 ; vet. Andre, Jefferson, Oct. 8, '61 ; tr. to 191st Regt. P. Y. May 31, '64; disch. Oct. 6, '04 ; exp. of term. Attwood, Elijah, Aug. 12, '61 ; tr. to 2d Vt. Regt. Sept. 20, "61. Attwell, Lucius C, died March 13, '62. Athony, Stephen, May 29, '61 ; killed at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, '04; bur. at Wilderness burial ground. Belcher, Oscar L. ( mus out with Co. Bagley, Daniel B., tr. to Bat. A, 1st Pa. Art. Aug. 15, '62. Brown, John M., absent ; sick at mus. out. Belcher, Charles T., disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 3, '62. Blanchard, Ferns, July 17, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. March 28, '62. Babcock, Charles F., disch. on surg. cert. May 30, '6-2. Brouson, JameB M., July 17, '01 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan 3, '63. Bowers, George, tr. to Co. E, 191st Reg. P. V. ; pris. from Aug. 19, '64, to March 12, '65 ; pr. to cor. June 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. June 28, '65 ; vet. Blanding, OBnian L., killed at Nashville, Tenn., April 17, '62. Brisbing, Andrew, May 29, '61 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Banks, Edward S., not with Co. at mus . out. Callan, John, mus. out with Co. June 11, '04. Comfort, Isaac L., disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 17, '62. Daffy, John, mus. out with Co. Denning, John, tr. from V. R. C. ; mus. out with Co. Du Bois, Richard C, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 25, '62. Fitzmyer, Albert, mus. out with Co. Fisher, Hiram, May 29, '61 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Fitzgerald, Michael, wd. at New Hope, Va., Nov. 27, '03 ; disoh on surg. cert. April 4, '04. Grotevant, H. H ., July 17, '61 ; mus. out with Co. Gregory, Benjamin, mus. out with Co. Garman, Eldridge, May 29, '61 ; mus. out with Co. Garvey, Daniel, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, '62. Garver, Nicholas, May 29, '61 ; tr. to Co. E, 191st Reg. P. V. May 31, '04 ; capt'd at Tolopotomy, Va., May 30, '64 ; vet. Grotevant, George M., died Dec. 29, '62, of wds. rec. at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '62 ; bur. at Mil. Asy. Ceni. THE REBELLION. 221 Holgate, Richard H., May 29, '61 ; mus. out with Co. Hamilton, James W., May 29, '61 ; disch. on gurg. cert. Aug. 2, '61. Hawkins, Charles, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 8, '02. Hoagland, Charles, July 17, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 30, '61. Hunt, Warren, killed at Bull Bun Aug. 30, '02. Henderson, V. F., July 17, '01 ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '02. Hough, Alonzo, not with Co. at mus. out. Illig, Alexander, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 29, '62. Kay, George, mus. out with Co. Lewis, Sidney, disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 20, '02. Larrabee, Melvin, July 17, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Fob. 9, '03 Lydon, Michael J., not with Co. at mils. out. Martin, John B , pris. from May 30, '64, to April 20, '05 ; disch. June 0, . '00. Maynard, David P., disch, on surg. cert. Aug. 2, '62. Moynaban, John A., pr. to bos. steward, date unknown ; regular army vet. Mathewson, Charles, disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 26, '61. MillinB, Luman S., died March 9, '63, of wds rec'd at Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Morris, Joseph B., killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '62. Pope, Charles L., absent ; sick at mus. out. Pennell, "William, mus. out with Co. Parrish, William A., mus. out with Co. Purdy, Abrani; May 29, 'ol ; tr. to Co. E, 19lBt Beg. P. V. May 31, '64. Bitter, John, disch. on Burg. cert. March 11, '62. Remmele, John, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 8, '62. Rotharmel, Jacob, Oct. 8, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 14, '63, Badman, Theodore, Oft. 8, '61 ; tr. to Co. B, 191st Reg. P. V. ; capt'd at Weldon R. E., Va , Aug. 19, '64. Streetan, Patrick, mus. out with Co. Seigler, Samuel, tr. from V. K. C. ; mus. out with Co. June 11, '64. St. Clair, George W., disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 8, '62. Shafer, Stoughton P., May 29, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 27, '62. Shunk, Jacob, May 29, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 5, '62. Scranton, Oliver, disch on surg. cert. Feb. 24, '62. Sims, Robert F., May 29, '61 ; tr. to Co. E, 191st Reg. P. V. May 31, '64 ; capt'd, died in Salisbury prison, N. C, Feb. 13, '65 ; vet. Sloat, Urbane, July 17, '61 ; tr. to Co. E, 191st Bog. P. V. May 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. June 28, '65 ; vet. Slawsou, Henry D., killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '02. Tracy, Frank M., tr. to Co. E, 191st Reg. P. V. ; wd. at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '04; ab. in bos. at mus. out ; vet. Tanner, Gaylord C, killed at Antietam Sept. 17, '62. Tinsman, Henry, not with Co. at mus. out. Ulricb, Philip, mus. out with Go. Underwood, A. E., disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 7, '62. Utter, Calvin, July 17, '01 ; tr. to Battery C, 5th IT. S. Art. Dec. 20, "02. Van Dusen, Granto, July 17, '61 ; disch. on surg cert. Aug. 30, '01. Warner, E. D., disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 2, '61. Walker, Charles N-, Aug. — , '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 7, '61. Webster, Isaac D., disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 18, '62. Young, David, pris. from May 30, to Nov. 19, '64 ; discb. Nov. 25, '64. Fourteenth Reserves, First Artillery (For- ty-third Regiment). — This was the artillery regi- ment of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, and was composed of eight batteries, — A, B, 0, D, E, F, G and H. The men composing these batteries were recruited from all sections of the State. Susquehanna County furnished more than one hundred men for this regiment, who principally enlisted in Batteries A, F and H. May 29th, 1861, a regimental organ- ization was effected, and early in August the regi- ment was ordered to Washington. As fast as the batteries were armed and equipped, they moved to Camp Barry, east of the Capitol, from which camp the several batteries were assigned to different divis- ions and corps of the army, and never came together again as a regiment. Battery A. — This battery, known as Easton's Bat- tery, was principally recruited at Chambersburg by Captain Hezekiah Easton, and after his death was commanded respectively by Captains Simpson and Stitt. In 1861 twelve men from Susquehanna County joined it, and in 1864 about twenty more. Battery A was the first of the "Reserve" artillery to meet the enemy, it participating with the Third Brigade in the battle of Dranesville, December 20, 1861. The fine artillery practice then displayed by Easton's Battery was such as to elicit commendation from General McCall in his official report. On the 27th of June, 1862, at Gaines' Mills, while the battery was hotly engaged with the enemy, in a sudden emer- gency, the regiment of infantry supporting it was withdrawn to another part of the field. The enemy, seeing its exposed position, imme- diately charged upon it. Under cover of a cavalry charge, the guns were attempted to be withdrawn ; but the charge was repulsed by the terrible infantry fire of the enemy, and the cavalry came pouring through the battery, carrying with them to the rear all the available teams and limbers. The enemy, yelling like demons, rushed boldly to the guns, now left without ammunition, crying out to Captain Easton and the brave men who stood by him, to surrender. His reply, never to be forgotten by his comrades who clustered about him, was : " No ! we never sur- render!" Alas! the next moment that voice was hushed in death. He fell beside his guns; none were left to surrender them. The battery was reorganized and received new guns upon the arrival of the army at Harrison's Landing. It participated in the battles of Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, ever maintaining its reputation for skill and bravery, and during the last-named battle it held its position under a concentrated fire of the enemy's artillery, marks of his shot and shell being visible, after the engage- ment, on every gun and caisson. Battery A was afterwards detached from the Army of the Potomac and assigned to what was known as the Army of Virginia or Army of the James ; and while with this command it operated on the Black Water, at Deep Bottom, Fort Darling, Seven Pines and Petersburg. Upon the fall of Richmond, under command of Cap- tain Stitt, it entered the fallen city, with Weitzel's Corps, on the day of its surrender. It remained on duty in that city until early in July, 1865, when it received orders to turn in its horses and guns and proceed to Harrisburg. Here, on the 25th of July, 1865, after four years and four months of service, it was mustered out. Battery F. — This battery was recruited principally from Schuylkill County, and organized with Ezra W. Mathews as captain. Upon his promotion as major of the regiment, R. Bruce Ricketts succeeded to the command, who in turn was promoted to major, when John F. Campbell was commissioned captain, and commanded the battery during the remainder of its term of service. In the spring of 1861, twenty- 222 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. one men, a majority of whom were from the town- ship of Jackson, enlisted with T. LeRoy Case, and joined Battery F. When the battery was organized, Mr. Case was made second lieutenant, and eight of the other Susquehanna County "boys" were placed on the non-commissioned staff of the battery. When it is called to mind that nearly three hundred and fifty men were borne upon the roll of this battery, it was no small compliment to the men from our county to be thus selected. From the camp of the Beserves at Tenallytown, Battery F was ordered, on the 12th of September, 1861, to join General Banks' command at Darnstown, Md., and was never afterwards in any way connected with the regiment or the Reserves. On the 20th of December a section of the battery, under command of Lieutenant Ricketts, had an en- gagement with a body of the enemy's artillery and cavalry. In the latter part of February, 1802, the battery was furnished with new guns (six, three-inch rifled) and new equipments. The battery, on the 1st of March, started with Banks' advance up the Shenan- doah Valley, and had frequent engagements with the enemy, the more important being Cedar Mountain and the spirited engagement had with the enemy's artillery when Pope withdrew his forces across the Rappahannock. In the latter, the battery had two guns disabled, and Lieutenant Godbald was struck by a percussion shell, and from the effects of the wound he soon after died. At the second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1863, the battery was posted near the Henry House. On the afternoon of that day Lieutenant Case was ordered, with one section (two guns), to report to General Stevens, leaving Lieutenant Brockway alone with his section, the two disabled guns not having been repaired. A fierce cannonade ensued; but the troops supporting the battery being withdrawn, it was moved to a new po- sition. But the enemy gained possession of the Sudly Spring Road, the only avenue of escape, and the guns were lost. Another gun was placed under Lieutenant Brockway, with orders to "fill the chest with ammunition," and at dusk he was directed by General Heintzleman to "hold the position until fur- ther orders and keep ?ip a steady fire in the direction of the enemy.'' Supposing he was to be supported, he continued his fire until suddenly he was charged upon by the enemy, who came swarming on all sides. Much to the chagrin of the rebel commander, this bold charge of the enemy's hosts resulted in the cap- ture of one gun and caisson and eight men. "It was intended,'' said Lieutenant Brockway afterwards, "that we should hold the hill until killed or cap- tured, while the army retreated across Bull Run. The ruse succeeded, and I afterwards learned that while our single gun was booming from the Henry House, the Bucktails were cutting down the bridge across Bull Run." Only one gun was saved, and the remnant of the battery marched all night, and the next day reached Centreville. Here the guns and horses of an Indiana battery were turned over to Captain Mathews, and the battery was partially re- fitted. Early in September Lieutenant Case was obliged to leave the battery on account of sickness, and never afterwards returned, being honorably dis- charged in February, 1863. On the 17lh of Septem- ber, at daylight, Battery F opened the battle of Antietam, being posted just in rear of the cornfield which has become historic. During this engagement Captain Matthews had his horse killed under him, and this was the fate of most of the horses of the bat- tery. The battery sustained a loss of four killed and fifteen wounded. At the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13th, it was engaged, and afterwards went into winter-quarters near Belle Plain. In March, 1863, Captain Matthews was promoted to major, and Lieutenant Ricketts became captain of Battery F. At the battle of Chancellorsville, May 1st .to 5th, the battery passed through another baptism of fire, and in such close quarters did the battery fight, that grape and canister was almost the only ammunition used. But it was at Gettysburg that " Ricketts' Battery " won fresh and lasting laurels. It was upon the posi- tion where this battery was posted that the famous charge of the Louisiana Tigers was made. It was the supreme moment of that terrible and memorable battle. On rushed the maddened and yelling rebels, and into their ranks the battery of Ricketts poured a stream of canister at the rate of four discharges a minute. But closing up the gaps, the determined enemy advanced into the very midst of the bat- tery, when a hand-to-hand contest ensued, the men of the battery defending their guns with hand-spikes, rammers and stones. At this critical moment Carroll's brigade came to the rescue, and the enemy retreated. The battery was engaged in a most exposed position on the following day. Its losses were nine killed, fourteen wounded and three taken prisoners, while more than forty of its horses were killed or disabled. On the 14th of October, at Bris- tow Station, five of the enemy's guns were captured, and in acknowledgment of the part taken by Ricketts' battery, it was selected to take the captured guns to the headquarters of the commanding general. Early in January, 1804, more than one hundred men of the battery re-enlisted, and were granted a veteran furlough. During the campaign of 1864 it partici- pated in the bloody battles of the Army of the Poto- mac under Grant. At the Wilderness, at Cold Har- bot, at Petersburg, the guns of Ricketts belched forth their iron hail. In the final campaign it bore a con- spicuous part, and after the fall of Richmond, April 3, 1865, was sent to City Point. From here it pro- ceeded to Washington, where its guns and horses were turned over, and from there to Harrisburg, where, June 10, 1865, it was mustered out. Battery H— This battery was recruited principally in the city of Philadelphia, by James Brady, who THE REBELLION. 223 was commissioned its captain, but after his promotion to major of the regiment the battery was command- ed respectively by Captains Fagan and Richards. In the early part of 1861 William J. Park, of Dimock, and seven more Susquehanna County men joined the battery, and upon its organization, Mr. Park was made first lieutenant. In 1864 about thirty more from this county became members of the battery. Battery H, soon after being equipped, was assigned to the artillery brigade of Buell's division. On the 10th of March 1861, the battery was transferred to Couch's division of the Fourth Corps, with which it remained during the Peninsula campaign. For a month, during the siege of Yorktown, the batttery was actively employ- ed. At the battle of Fair Oaks the battery was hotly engaged, and after it had exhausted its canister and grape, it fired Parrott shells without fuse. After the battles of Charles City Cross-Roads and Malvern Hill, Battery H, with others, covered the rear of the army on its retreat to Harrison's Landing. When the army of McClellan returned from the Peninsula, Battery H and Battery E, of the same regiment, was left with the Fourth Corps at Yorktown, to garrison that post and Gloucester. At the opening of the Gettysburg campaign the battery was ordered to Washington, and from there, on the 1st of July, made a forced march to the battle-field, but did not arrive in time to participate in that battle. It was again ordered to Washington and placed on duty as a reserve battery at Camp Barry. In May, 1864, Bat- tery H was dismounted in common with other volun- teer batteries, and placed in the defences south of the Potomac, being stationed at Fort Whipple. It remain- ed in the defences of Washington, and on picket duty at Edwards' Ferry until June, 1865, when it was order- ed to Philadelphia and on the 27th it was mustered out of service. BATTERY A, FIRST PENNSYLVANIA LIGHT ARTILLERY. Blustered into service May 29, 1861, unless otherwise stated; mustered out July 25, I860. Sergt. Win. H. Whitniarsli, Sept. 4, '61 ; pr. to sorgt. Juno 16, 'G5 ; mus. out with battery ; vet. Corp. Geo. W. Bennett, Sept. 7, '61 ; wd. at Gains' Mills ; mus. out with battery ; vet. Corp. Daniel B. Bagloy, July 27, '61 ; pr. to corp. June 16, '65 ; mus. out with battery ; vet. Artificer James M. Warner, Dec. 1, '61 ; mus. out with battory; vet. Privates. Barriger, Simon, Mar. 28, '61; mus. out with battery. Barriger, Jonathan, Aug. 5, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Ball, Thos., Mar. 25, 'Gl ; mus. out with battery ; vet. Bass, Andrew J., Sept. 5, '61 ; died Sept. 11, '62, at Washington, D. C. ; bur. in Mil. Asy. Cem. Craft, James M., Sept. 4, '61 ; pr. com. 6ergt. June 1, '65 ; mus. out with regt. July 19, '65 ; vet. Case, Marcus, Mar. 28, '61 ; mus. out with battery. Churchill, Carvarso, Mar. 29, '64 ; not on muster-out roll. Daniels, James II., Oct. 31, '61 ; mus. out with battery ; vet. Daniels, Azarius L., Mar. 24, 64 ; mus. out with battery. Daniels, Thos. J., Mar. 24, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Dutcher, Geouge E., Mar 9, '61 ; mus. out with battery ; vet. Greeu William A., Mar. 28, '64; capt'd; died May 30, '65 ; bur. at Rich- mond, Va. Hardy, Wm. W., Mar. 28, '61 ; mus. out with battery. Jayne, David P., Sept. 10, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 5, '62. Michael, Joseph, Mar. 25, '65; disch. May 25, '65 ; from '63 to '64 was member of 14th Conn. Osborn, Charles, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 18, '62. Rought, RufuB, Mar. 28, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Stark, Griffin G., Sept. 5, '61 ; dropped from roll by S. Mar. 16, '62. Stemback, Byron, Sept. 10, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 17, '61. Stephens, Addison, Mar. 8, '64 ; died at Point of Rocks, Md , May 21 '65. Tennant, Frederick M., Mar. 31, '64; disch. by special order May 31, '65. Tennant, Byron, Mar. 31, '61 ; not on muster-out roll. Washburn, Henry, Mar. 30, '64; mus. out with battery. Wescott, J. G., Mar. 28, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Weston, William, mus. out with battery ; vet. Whitney, Newell D., Mar. 25, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Whituiarsh, Frank C, Aug. 5, '64 ; mus. out with battery. BATTERY F, FIRST PENNSYLVANIA LIGHT ARTILLERY. Mustered into service July 8, 1S61, unless otherwise stated ; mustered out June 9, 1865. Second Lieut. Truman L. Case, disch. Feb. 4, '63. Sergeants. Smith L. French, mus. out with battery ; vet. Myron French, killed at Gettysburg (see sketch with " Myron French " Post, G. A. B.). Lee Greenwood, pr. to sergt. ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 13, '63. Oscar G. Larrabee, capt'd at second Bull Run ; wd. and taken pris. at Gettysburg; mus. out with battery ; vet. Alfred W. Larrabee, pr. to sergt. ; wd. at second Bull Run ; disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 5, '63. Corporals. Wm. Patterson, wd. at Bristoo Station, Vt., Oct. 14, '63 ; tr. to Battery G Mar. 26, '64 ; mus. out July 20, '64 ; Exp. of term. Delos D. Bryant, disch. on surg. cert. May 19, '62. Eliah Eastmau, capt'd at second Bull Run ; pr. to cor. ; tr. to Battery G Mar. 26, '64 ; mus. out July 2j, '64 ; exp. of term. Privates. Dix, Burton \V., mus. out with battery June 9, '65 ; vet. Estabrook, Whitmore, disch. on surg. cert.; date unknown. Fox, Enoch, died Aug. 19, '61. French, Merritt C, not with company at muster-out. Gates, Maynard, tr. to Battery G Mar. 26. exp. of term. Galloway, Aaron B., Sept. 7, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 8, in company A, 151st P. V. Lake, Velasco O., wd. at battle of Wilderness ; mus. out with June 9, '65 ; vet. Larrabee, J. Wesley, Feb. 3, '64; mus. out with battery June 9, Mattison, Orrin, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 5, '61. Maynard, David P., Sept. 11, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 26, Sweet, Oney F., Jan. 1, '61 ; wd. at Gettysburg ; mus. out with vet. Scott, Raymond T., mus. out July 16,, '64 ; exp. of term. Tiffany, Bernard, Aug. 1, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 24, '63. Tiffany, Henry M., Dec. 11, '61 ; died whild|home on furlough 64 ; vet. Wells, C. M., Mar. 31, '64 ; not on the muster-out roll. 64 ; mus. out July 20, '64 ; '62; re. battery '65. '62. battery ; Jan. 16, BATTERY H, FIRST PENNS Y LVANI A LIGHT ARTILLERY. Mustered into service July 8, 1861, unless otherwise st,itcd ; muitered out ./««.' 27, 1865. First Lieut. William J. Parke, Aug. 1, 61 ; res. Jan. 12, '62. Sergt. J. W. Throckmorton, Aug. 5, '61 ; mus. out with battery June '27, 1865 ; vet. Privates. Avory, Addison. Avery, David, Mar. 25, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Brink, Geo. W., Mar. 25, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Brink, Calvin D., Aug. 6, '61 ; not on muster-out roll ; vet. Burr, Samuel G., Mar. 25, '64; mus. out with battery. Bronson, James F., Mar. 31, '64 ; nms. out with battery. Bolles, Chas. M., Aug. 29, '64 ; mus. out July 3, '65. Barrett, Alonzo, not on muster-out roll. 224 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Barrett, Elias R., not on muster-out roll. Curtis, John L., Mai'. 25, '01 ; runs, out with buttery. Clark, Rufus D., Aug. 5, '01 ; not on muster-out roll. Doyle, Theodore \V., Mar. 25, '04 ; mus. out with battery. Fowler, William II., Mar. 20, '04; mus. out with battery. Gregory, Warren W., Aug. 20, '04 ; nius. out with battel y. Gregory, Daniel, Aug. 20, '01 ; mus. out with battery. Gates, Nathaniel H., July 30, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 10, '02. Grow, Jus. A. Grow, A. C. Huugcrfoid, Clark E., Mar. 27, '61; tr. and pr. to rubral troops May 9, 'o.">. Hungerford, John 11., Mar. 20, '6'1 ; pr. to It. of colored regt. ; dato un- known. Jackson, John W., Mar. 25, '04 ; nius. out with battery. Lewis, Geo. W., Mar. 25, '04; discli. May 30, '05. McVey, Seymore, Mar. 25, '04 ; inus. out with battery. Moore, Geo. W., Nov. 27, '03 ; ab. sick at muster-out. Mason, Jonas, Aug. 2G, '03 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. IS, '04. N orris, Edward F., Aug. 5, '01 ; not on mueter-out roll. Heanch, Henry. Shepherdson, Jarvis E., Mar. 25, '04 ; mus. out with battery. Sweet, Emerson, Mar. 20, '04 ; mus. out May 30, '05. Severson, Edward C, July 30, '61 ; disch. at Eortress Monroe, Va , '03. Spencer, Orville T., July 30, '61 ; disch. on surg. eert. (Jet. 22, '02 ; fur wds. received at battle of Fair Oaks, Va. Taylor, Francis W., Mar. 31, '01 ; mus. out with battery. Taylor, Llewellyn, Mar. 25, '64; mus. out with battery. Tennant, Frederick M., Mar. 31, '64 ; disch. by S. O. May 31, '65. Tiffany, Thos. W., Mar. IS, '04 ; mus. out with battery. Williams, Benjamin. Williams, Geo. L., Dec. 1, '63 ; mus. out with battery. Williams, Henry B., Mar. 30, '64 ; mus. out with battery. Williams, Rudolph, Mar. 30, '64; mus. out with battery. Wallace, Geirgo, Mar. 25, '64; mus. out with battery. Ward, Lva, Mar. 25, '04 ; mus. out with battery. The following were also members of the First Light Artillery. (For letter of battery, see column of" Remarks.") Sergt. Arba Dinimock, Juno 13, '01 ; Battery I) ; mus. out June 21, '04, exp. of term. Sergt. Alford G. Lewis, Aug. 5, '61 ; Battery D ; mus. out with battery June 30, '65 ; vet. Pricutes. Reeder, Theodore W., Sept. 1, '64 ; Battery D ; mus. out June 21 , Y>5. Gates, Charles, Aug. 31, 'Oil; Battery G; mus. out with battery June 29, '65. Pickering, Warren, not on muster-out roll. Sutliff, Solomon, Aug. 1'J, '62 ; Battery B ; tr. from Co. B, 143d P. V. Dec. 2S, '63 ; tr. to battery I Mar. 25, '05 ; mus. out June 9, '05. Van Horn, Jackson W., Mar. 23, '05 ; Battery E ; mus. out with battery- July 20, '05. Larrabee, Wm. H., Mar. 23, '65 ; Battery E ; not on muster-out roll. Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers. — The Fiftieth Regiment was recruited one company from each of the Counties of .Susquehanna, Lancaster and Luzerne, two companies from each of the Counties of Bradford and Schuylkill, and three companies from the County of Berks. It was organ- ized as a regiment on the 25th of September, 1861, by the election of the following officers : I'.enjaniin C. Christ, Colonel; Thomas S. Breuholtz, Lieutenant- Colonel ; and Edward Overton, Jr., Major. The regiment received its colors from the hands of Gover- nor Curtin on the 1st of October. The prominent features of its varied and honorable service are given in the following brief history of Company D. — One Saturday evening in the middle of June, 1861, Frederick Warner, Benjamin Lyons, Luke Lyons and Thomas Foster called upon Dr. G. Z. Dimock and said that they had decided to enlist in the army and, desiring to keep together, they re- quested him to act as captain and proceed to raise a company. At first Dimock refused, feeling that he had no qualifications for the position ; but September 6, 1861, he locked his office and commenced to recruit a company. In this work he was ably assisted by John C. Foot, J. R. Cornwall, George Doolittle and Ben- jamin Doolittle, who had served three months under Lincoln's call for seventy-five thousand men. As they had been drilled they were of great assistance at first. Charles Warner, a West Point cadet, drilled squads of the boys also. September 24, 1861, the company arrived at Camp Curtin one hundred and twenty-five strong, being the largest new company that marched through Harrisburg. When the boys left Montrose Hon. Wm. J. Turrell made a speech, and they were conveyed to the depot in carriages, accompanied by many of the citizens. Colonel Gere went as far as Harrisburg and assisted Captain Dimock in selecting non-commissioned officers and in making out the first muster-roll. The company was organized by electing Gordon Z. Dimock captain, John C. Foot first lieutenant and B. R. Lyons second lieutenant. Frederick R. War- ner was the first orderly-sergeant. They were mus- tered in Monday, September 26, one hundred and one strong, as Company D, and attached to the Fiftieth Regiment, which only lacked one company, and were sent to Washington, October 2, and en- camped at Kalorama Heights, where it remained until the 9th, and thence moved to Annapolis. From Annapolis they were sent, October 19, on board the transport Winfield Scott, to Hilton Head. They en- countered a fearful storm, a portion of Captain Dimock's thrilling account of which is here given : " The blue sky lowered itself down and grew black. The gentle undulations became heavy swells; the swells got themselves up to huge billows; the soft breeze increased to a strong wind ; the wind stiffened into a fierce gale. Then the storm came. Such a storm I * * * We looked back and saw the Governor lift her bow toward heaven and sink stern foremost into the ocean. We passed the Union, saw her sig- nals of distress and heard her cries for help. In reply the Winfield Scott run her flag up to half-mast, with the union down, as signal of her own distress, then sped on without waiting to witness the final catastrophe of her consort. She went rolling and pitching and floundering along like a tub in the water. She was nothing more than a tub with wheels attached to her sides." The guns were fired until the ammunition was exhausted, then thrown overboard. " A large, heavy wave struck the side of the boat careening well over, carried away part of the wheel-house, swept over the hurricane deck and broke the connection between the rudder and pilot's wheel, while the soldiers were clinging to the extra THE REBELLION. 225 guards of rope which had been thrown around the boat. Levers and tackle were rigged to the rudder and managed by six men sitting on the deck on each side. The harsh sound of the trumpet heard for the first time, sent a thrill through every fibre and made every soldier feel the full force of the couplet, " It is a fearful thing at midnight to be shattered by the blast, And hear the rattling trumpet thunder, ' Cut away the mast.' " By the dim light of a lantern the masts were cut away, and were borne by a gale over the side of the boat, into the ocean. The gunboat " Bienville" hove in sight, but every boat that she lowered was dashed to pieces against the side of the vessel. The two boats tried to lash together, but the first big wave parted their cables like two strings. Attempts to rescue having failed, the soldiers held a prayer-meeting on the forward deck. Men con- fessed their sins who had never before been penitent; and men prayed who had never prayed before. Sailors tied ropes around the breasts of the soldiers and hung a coil of it upon the arm, and showed them how to lash themselves to anything they could find that would float them, and informed them that the boat would sink in two hours. All stood dumb with consternation. Company D grasped each other's hands in silence. One of the number was missing. Search was made everywhere. Was he washed over- board ? At length he was seen below, sitting by the fire of the furnace. He was informed that the boat was about to sink, and was called to come up and get his rope. " Ah ! now, you just be afther waiting a minute," says Jimmy ; " I've found a bully place for gracing boots !" There is sometimes an opportune moment. It so happened that while the boys were in good humor, a little cheered by Jimmy's remarks, the command was given, "Attention, Company D 1 Man the buckets, man the casks, man the tackles, take the water out of the hold and you shall go ashore! If ■you don't take the water out of the hold you are all drowned in less than two hours/" The boys went to work with a will. Captain Burket's company, com- posed mostly of boatmen from Schuylkill Canal, handled the buckets well. The other companies soon fell in. Among the casualties to Company D, were : Spafford, of Friendsville, was so overworked that he came home to die ; McMillan, of New Mil- ford, shared the same fate ; Lieutenant Lyons shouted heave away until he could hardly speak ; Lieu- tenant Cornwall and William Sutton, of New Mil- ford, were lashed with ropes under their arms to upright posts in the hold, to sink the casks with their feet, until their breasts were galled and crushed by the ropes. The boys finally jumped into the ocean, and all reached shore. At Hilton Head the boys made a charge on the fort, and Company D was so fleet of foot and pursued General Drayton so closely, that he dropped his field-glass, and it was captured by Amos Quick. 15 Company D was the last company that joined the regiment. The captains of the other companies all agreed with Captain Dimock, that if he would join the regiment so that they could get away from Camp Curtin, he should not be called upon to do any fatigue duty or guard duty. This created some dis- satisfaction after awhile, which probably was the reason why his company was detached from the regi- ment from February until June, 1862, to guard part of St. Helena Island. It was Captain Dimock's duty to guard all the property on the island, besides doing scout duty, consequently, his company made their raids on the mainland. One day they captured a cow and calf. Captain Dimock kept the calf and sent a hind-quarter of the cow to General Stevens. Shortly after Captain D. noticed a boat approach- ing the island from headquarters, and he repaired to the beach in full dress, with some trepidation. The officer approached, saluted him and handed him a sealed order, and retired. The order was from General Hunter directing that Captain D. and his men should be passed by the guards and pickets at all points along the line. Dimock asked General Stevens what it meant, and he said, " Get more beef." When an overseer intended to promote a negro, he first gave him an old saddle ; if he did well this was followed by a horse, which gave the negro a chance to ride to church, which was quite an honor above a field hand ; and finally, if he did well he made him a household servant. The Christian Commission had missionaries there to teach the negroes. Probably some of them were unworthy of the mission they had undertaken. One of them wanted a saddle and quarreled with a negro who did not want to give up his badge of honor. Captain D. promptly arrested the " Gideonite," as he called the missionary, and sent him to General Stevens, who sent him back and told Captain D. to attend to all those matters him- self. "Old Iron Gray," as they called Captain D. then realized that he was in full command, and he lived in clover after that. He had three horses, a pair of mules and a cart, three good boats and eighteen skilled negro oarsmen. The stroke oarsman was very faithful, and always on duty. Dimock sent to Stevens for whiskey and quinine to keep off fever, and he sent him a barrel of whiskey and three bottles of quinine. One day he was ordered to catch all the negroes on the island- and send them up to Hilton Head. He commenced at midnight, and sent up about one hundred. When at Hilton Head they were invited to enlist in the First South Carolina Colored Kegiment, and about fifty of them did so. Lieutenant Foot made a raid on the mainland and captured nine pickets. January 1, 1862, General Stevens led his brigade under cover of the gun-boats across the Coosaw, and captured a fort in process of construction at Port Royal Ferry and two heavy guns. The battle of Coosaw was the first engagement in force in which 226 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNT Y, PENNSYLVANIA. the company was engaged. Colonel Christ, with the Fiftieth Regiment, two companies of the First Massa- chusetts Cavalry and a section of artillery, was ordered to burn the railroad bridge near Pocotaligo. The approach to this place was by a narrow causeway a fourth of a mile long, flanked on either side by a marsh through which a canal had been dug to irrigate rice-swamps. The plank had been removed from the bridge, and the only way of crossing was over the stringers exposed to the enemy's fire. Captain Charles Parker, of Company H, gallantly led across, and his own and five other companies, including Company D, followed him. Captain Parker was killed, but they drove the enemy and re-planked the bridge. The enemy being reinforced and ammunition being nearly exhausted, it was decided to return across the bridge. The loss was four killed and nine wounded. July 12th the regiment, now under command of Lieutenan-Col- onel Brenholtz — Colonel Christ being in command of this brigade — was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and was incorporated with the Ninth Corps under General Burnside. At Fredericksburg Stevens' Division, now forming part of Reno's command, was detached from the corps and pushed forward to confront the advance of Lee, and had several skirmishes with the head of his column at the fords of the Rapidan and the Rap- pahannock. On the first day at Bull Run, Christ's Brigade was attached to Schurz's Division of Sigel's Corps, and was engaged during a greater part of the day, occupying a position on the right wing of the army, and driving the enemy at several points, sus- taining heavy loss. At night the brigade returned to Stevens' Division. " In the second day's fight,'' says Captain Dimock, "we lost less but fought harder. Stevens' Brigade drove the whole line in front of it, the enemy parted and left it open in front, and we supposed we had gained a victory. I heard Captain Lusk, aid to Gen- eral Stevens, order Colonel Christ to bring his men out of the woods. He did so, faced his men towards the enemy, and ordered rest after giving three cheers for victory. We had scarcely laid down before Cap- tain Lusk returned in great excitement, exclaiming : ' for G 's sake, Colonel Christ, get your men away from here.' We. now observed, as it grew dark, that the fighting to the right and left of us was terrific, that the two wings were driven far back of us, and that we were nearly inclosed in a hoi;se-shoe. We beat a hasty retreat, and were soon joined by General Stevens, who said the Eighth Michigan was missing. In less than five minutes after his arrival a volley from the enemy forced us again to fall back." General Stevens sent Captain Dimock on a scout in order to ascertain where the rebel picket-lines were, and gave him in- structions to throw up his arms and surrender if he was confronted by the enemy, rather than get killed, unless he obtained important information— then he was to take greater risk. While Dimock was gone, Stevens was ordered to guard the supply-train, and on the thirty-first Christ's Brigade was posted upon the heights beyond Centreville, where it was vigorously shelled. On the following day it was engaged in the battle of Chantilly, where the brigade was early in the fight, driving the enemy before them. The Fiftieth bore itself with great gallantry in this battle, and was led by Major Overton, and Company D was led by Lieutenant Foot, Captain Dimock not having yet been able to find his company since he was sent on that scouting expedition. General Stevens, who had warned the captain not to get killed, was himself killed while carrying the colors of the Seventy-ninth (Highlander) Regiment, after several of the color- bearers had been shot down. The division moved to South Mountain, where General 0. B. Wilcox took command. It formed part of the left wing, and was engaged at Turner's Gap, the Fiftieth still under Major Overton being the first engaged. Next they were engaged at Antietam, where Major Overton was wounded. Captain Dimock next commanded two companies at Fredericksburg, where they stood in sight of the battle all day, though not actively en- gaged. After this they removed to Newport News, thence to Kentucky, where it was attached to the Army of the Ohio. During the siege of Vicksburg, the Fiftieth was posted on Haines Bluff, and after the fall of that place it was attached to General Sher- man's command, and was deployed as skirmishers in the campaign to Jackson, where the gallant Lieuten- ant-Colonel, Thos. S. Brenholtz, was mortally wounded. August 10th the regiment moved from Mississippi to Kentucky, thence across the mountains via Cumberland Gap to Knoxville. At this time the number present for duty in the regiment was but eighty. At Blue Springs Christ's Brigade assisted in driving the enemy back near the Virginia line. Next they were engaged with Longscreefs Corps near Chattanooga, and were compelled to retire through the deep mud where the books, papers and baggage of the regiment were lost. November 17th they com- menced fortifying Knoxville, subsisting on fresh pork and corn-cob bread. On the 29th of December the enemy charged Fort Sanders. The attack was repelled with great slaughter, and the Fiftieth, which held a position on the right, pursued to Blaines Cross Road, where it went into winter-quarters. January 1, 1864, nearly the entire regiment re-enlisted, and they were ordered to Nicholasville, Ky., a distance of two hun- dred miles. They had drawn no clothing or shoes since September, and thirty raw hides had been made into moccasins which answered a good purpose. until they came to muddy ground, when they stretched until they loosened and came off their feet, leaving many of the men barefoot. On arriving at Harris- burg, February 6th, the regiment was given a veteran's furlough. The thirty-three men remaining of Com- pany D were treated to an ovation as they came back to Montrose. They arrived at the depot at night, where they were met by citizens and taken in car- THE REBELLION. 227 riages to the suburbs of the borough, where the vet- erans formed in line and were escorted into town by the fire companies and a band of music, amid the ringing of bells and the illumination of the town. The streets were thronged with citizens. Judge Bentley made the address of welcome, followed by Messrs. Turrell, Jessup and others. A sword was presented to Captain Dimock, J. B. McCollum making the pre- sentation speech. During the thirty days the company remained home, the citizens vied with each other in giving them suppers and in doing them honor. March 20th the regiment was again rendezvoused at Annapolis, and assigned to the Second Brigade of the First Division of the Ninth Corps. They lost — seventeen killed and fifty-three wounded and missing at the battle of the Wilderness. On May 9th they were engaged at Ny River, near Spottsylvania Court- House, gallantly charging the enemy up a steep as- cent, driving them from their position ; but at a loss of one hundred and twenty men killed and missing from the Fiftieth Regiment. Company D lost heavily at this battle. The regiment was engaged in that series of battles that preceded the fall of Petersburg, and was one of the first regiments to enter that place. When the three years were expired, Captain Dimock was discharged and Captain Thos. Foster commanded the company until it was mustered out. Upon the laying of the corner-stone of the National Monument at Gettysburg, on the 4th of July, 1865, by order of the Secretary of War and upon the recom- mendation of General Grant, the Fiftieth Regiment was honored by being selected to represent the in- fantry of the army in the ceremonies of that occasion. Returning from Gettysburg it went into camp near Georgetown, and on the 30th of July was mustered out of service, the members of Company D reaching Montrose early in August, after nearly four years of service. Captain Dimock claims for the Fiftieth that it sailed more miles on steamboats, traveled more miles on foot, and fought in more battles than any other regiment. During his term of service, Captain Dimock was on " detached " service for nearly a year as brigade-quartermaster, but was in fifteen of the thirty-two engagements in which the regiment participated. COMPANY D, FIFTIETH REGIMENT. Mustered into service September 6, 1861, unless otherwise stated ; mustered out July 30, 1865. Capt. Gordon Z. Dimock, mus. out Sept. 29, '64, expiration of term (see medical chapter). Capt. Thomas F. Foster, pr. from cor. to sergt. major Apr. ], '62 ; to 2d lieut. Apr. 8, '64 ; to capt. Nov. 26, '64 ; wd. at Wilderness May 6, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. 1st Lt. John C. Foot, was in command of the Co. nearly one year ; res. Feb. 17, '63. 1st Lt. Jonathan A. Cornwall, pr. from sergt. to 2d lt. Aug. 1, '62 ; to 1st lt. Dec. 13, '63 ; mus. out Oct. 27, '64, exp. of term. 1st. Lt. Wilbur H. Wilcox, pr. from priv. to Bergt. ; to 1st lt. Dec. 4, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. 2d Lt. Benjamin K. Lyons, died July 6, '62, of wds. received in action (see Four Brothers Post, G. A. R.). 2d Lt. Hugh Mitchell, pr. from cor. to sergt. Mar. 1, '65 ; 2d lt. Apr. 16, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. 1st Sergt. Amos B. Baldwin, Feb. 27, '62 ; capt'd May 12, '64 ; pr. to cor. ; to sergt. Mar. 1, '65 ; to 1st sergt. May 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. 1st Sergt. Luke L. Lyons, pr. from cor. to 1st. sergt. ; died May 15, '64, of wds. rec. in action ; vet. (see Four Brothers Post, G. A. R.) 1st Sergt. Frederick R. Warner, pr. to 1st It., Co. G, Feb. 16, '62; res. Oct. 31, '63. Daniel W. Brundage, pr. from priv. to sergt. ; mus. out with Co.; vet. Edwin S. Howell, pr. from priv. to sergt. ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Jordan Palmer, pr. to cor. ; to sergt. May 1, '65 ; mus out with Co. ; vet. Edward J. Messinger, pr. to cor. Mar. 1, '65 ; to sergt. May 1, '05 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Alfred J. Stephens, pr. from priv. to sergt. ; to sergt. maj. Nov. 21, '64 ; to 1st It., Co. B, Mar 25, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Charles W. Lung, pr. to cor. ; to sergt. ; tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 25, '65 ; vet. Cyrill Depue, Feb. 28, '62 ; pro. to cor. ; to sergt. ; kiiled at Wilderness May 6, '64 ; vet. George A. Doolittle, disch. July, '63, for pr. in reg. army ; served during war ; remained in serv. until his death. Truman G. Larrabee, disch. on surg. cert. E. W. Itosencrance, disch. on surg. cert. Henry L. West, pr. from muc. to sergt. ; disch. for wds. rec. in action. Corporals. Levi S. Blaisdell, capt'd May 12, '64 ; pr. cor. July 1, 64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Velosco V. Leonard, pr. to cor. Dec. 4, '64 ; mus. out with Co. July 30, '65; vet. Peter W. McFall, pr. to cor. Mar. 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. William H. Fordhani, pr. to cor. Mar. 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Peter H. Allen, pr. to cor. May 1, 65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Marble Wells, Mar. 25, '64 ; pr. to cor. May 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. John Smith, Mar. 7, 'G4 ; pr, to cor. July 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Walter L. Beebe, pr. to cor. Dec. '62 ; wd. at Bull Run Aug. '62 ; mus. out Sept. 29, '64, exp. of term. Charles W. Snyder, pr to cor ; killed at Wilderness May 6, '64 ; vet. Frederick A. Holebrook, pr. to cor. ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, '64; vet. Daniel R. Day, capt'd May 12, '64 ; died at Montrose, Pa., May 24, '64 shortly after release from rebel prison ; vet. Silas E. Leonard, died May 12, '64. Hugh Lenox, disch. on surg. cert. Ezra N. Dewers, disch. on surg. cert. Ledyard P. Mack, pr. to cor. ; disch. on surg. cert. Joseph A. Beebe, died, date unknown. Musicians. Edward J. Malone, Mar. 25, '64 ; Absent, sick, at mus. out. Horace P. Snydor, Mar. 8, '64 ; Absent, sick, at mus. out. Henry C. Lines, Sept. 16, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Privates. Allen, Henry C, Mar. 3, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Anderson, John, Feb. 27, '65 ; drafted ; mus. out with Co. Avis, William C, Mar. 3, '64 ; died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 8, 1864. Ayers, Ashman C, disch. on surg. cert. Alderson, Thomas W., disch. on surg. cert. Burgess, Henry C, on detached serv. ; disch. Oct. 1, '64, exp. of term. Blowers, David E., Mar. 10, '65 ; sub. ; mus. out with Co. Benjamin, W. S., mus. out Sept. 29, '64, exp. of term. Brown, Theodore F., Mar. 8, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, '05. Bolls, William D., Apr. 2, '64; disch. by G. 0. May 30, '65 ; previously served in 27th N. Y. Vols. Beebe, Alonzo H., Mar. 3, '64 ; pris. from May 12, '04, to Feb. 27, '65; disch. by G. 0. July 19, '65. Bodine, Charles, Mar. 3, '64 ; died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 13, '04. Brown, Martin V., Mar. 30, '04 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 1,'64. Baldwin, Lyman M., disch. on surg. cert. Baldwin, H. Scott, disch. by G. 0. May 25, '65. Baldwin, Edwin F., ab., sick at mus. out. Backus, Samuel A., disch. on surg. cert. Benson, Philander K., disch. on surg. cert. Babcock, B. F., pr. to 2d It., Co. D., 55th Regt, P. V., Apr. 5, '62 ; res. July 31, '62. 228 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Baker, George M., Feb. 25, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Burdick, Joseph, Mar. 28, '64 ; not on mus. roll. Canfield, John S., Mar. 3, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Chapman, James Q., Apr. 12, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Cornell, Judson L., mus. out Sept. 29, 'G4, exp. of term. Chamberlain, C. W., Feb. 28, '62 ; mus. out Mar. 23, '66, exp. of term. Canfield, Lyman B., Mar. 29, '64 ; killed at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, '64. Carter, Charles T., or K., Mar. 29, '64 ; died June 3, '64, of wds. rec. at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, '04. Corey, James H., Feb. 25, '64; died at Scranton, Pa., Mar. 25, '65, just released from Andersonville Prison. Cross, Isaiah H., Sept. 9, '61 ; mus. out Sept. 29, '64, exp. of term. Cool, David, Sept. 9, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. Coddington, W. H., Sept. 9, '61 ; disch. for wds. rec. in action. Day, Thomas, Apr. 1, '64 ; ab., in hos., at mus. out. Dennis, William H., Apr. 2, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Doloway, Hiram, Apr. 2, '04; disch, June 28, '65, for wds. rec. at Wil- derness May 9, '64. Davis, Thomas P., Mar. 1, '64 ; tr. to Co. F Apr. 30, '64 ; wd. June 18, '64 ; pr. to 1st sergt. July 1, '65 ; com. 2d It. May 2, '66 ; not mus. ; mus. out with Co. Denel, Benjamin, disch on surg. cert. Darrow, Oscar B., Feb. 24, '62 ; disch, for wds. rec. in action. Estes, Joseph W., Apr. 2, '64 ; tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 25, '65. Estes, John N., Apr. 2, '04 ; died at Philadelphia July 31, '64. Estes, Andrew, Apr. 2, '64 ; died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 5, '64. Estes, Miles R., died of wds. rec. in action. Esterbrook, W. D., Sept. 6, '64 ; disch. on surg. cert. Fessenden, C. E., Apr. 2, '64 ; ab., in hos., at mus. out. Fish, William C, wd. in South Carolina and battle of Wilderness ; mus. out Sept. 29, '64, exp. of term. Frink, Charles C, disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 17, '64 ; vet. Fordham, Abram, died at Andersonville June 20, '64. Foster, Charles A., died at Knowville Feb. 5, '64. Fisher, James, Mar. 27, '64; not on mus. roll. Hoage, Charles A., Apr. 2, '64 ; wd. at Petersburg ; ab., in hoe., at mus. out. Hyde, Jonathan, Feb. 24, '65 ; drafted ; mus. out with Co. July 30, '65. Howard, Joseph W., Mar. 31, '64; disch. by G. O. May 31, '65. Hacket, James, died at Andersonville, Ga. July, '64. Hufteln, Palmer, not on mus. out roll. Howard, John W., not on mus. out roll. Jackson, James, Mar. 30, '64 ; died Jane 18, '64, of wds. rec. in battle. Jenks, George E., disch. on surg. cert. Kirhuff, Barney, Mar. 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Kanaway, Joseph G., mus. out with Co. ; vet. Krause, Edgar F., Mar. 3, '64 ; disch. on Burg. cert. Dec. 2, '64, for wds., loss of arm at Wilderness. Kelsey, Samuel A., mus. out by S. O. Jan. 17, '66, to date July 30, '65; vet. Leary, John J., Mar. 28, '64 ; ab., in hos., at mus. out. Lines, Orrin A., Apr. 12, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Lester, William H., pr. to cor. ; mus. out Sept. 29, '64, exp. of term. Lord, Franklin, mus, out Sept. 29, '64, exp. of term. Lindsley, George A., mus. out Sept. 29, '04, exp. of term. Lindsley, Henry, disch. on surg. cert. Lewis, Francello, died, date unknown. Lee, Thomas, died, date unknown. Manzer, Price, Mar. 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. July 30, '65. Mallison, Joshua D., Mar. 28, '64 ; absent in hospital at muster out. Messinger, Rufus, Aug. 9, '62 ; wd. in front of Petersburg, Ya. ; disoh. by G. O. July 10, '65. Millins, Seth, mus. out with company ; vet. Miller, Elijah, Feb. 24, '65 ; drafted ; disch. by G. 0. May 10, '65. Mooney, Eben B., Feb. 26, '62 ; trans, to V. R. C. Jan. 23, '64. Maynard, Elvin, died May 12 of wds. rec. at Spottsylvania C. H. ; vet. Marsh, Darius, Mar. 25, '64 ; died at Andersonville July 2, '64. Moore, Andrew J., Apr. 2, '64 ; died May 13, '64, of wds. rec. in action. Mulkey, James A., Apr. 2, '64 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 13, '64. Mott, De Wolf, disch. on surg. cert. Mitchell, Geo. W., mus. out Sept. 29, '64 ; expiration of term. McKune, Michael, inns, out with the company ; vet. McKenzie, Chas., killed at Wilderness May 6, '64. McRoy, John, disch. on surg. cert. McMillan, Daniel F., disch. on surg. cert. Newcomb, Edgar E., Mar. 3, '64 ; mus. out with company. Nichols, James, Mar. 8, '64; mus. out with company; vet. Owens, Ebenezer, Mar. 7, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 20, '64. Perkins, William A., Apr. 2, '64; mus, out with company. Pennington, Isaac, Feb. 26, '61 ; drafted ; mus. out with company. Pickering, John D., Mar. 9, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 15, '65. Patterson, David, Apr. 2, '64 ; died Oct. 13, '64. Price, Chauncey, Mar. 7, '64 ; died May 13, '64, of wds. rec. at Spottsyl vania C. H. Pierson, Henry T., died, date unknown. Pierson, David C, disch. on surg. cert. Potter, Charles B., disch. on surg. cert. Quiok, Amos M., died, date unknown. Rose, Wm. S., Apr. 2, '64 ; died at home while on a fur. Mar. 23, '65. Rockwell, W. C, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 8, '64 ; re. Mar. 28, '64 mus. out with company July 30, '65 ; vet. Ryan, Philip, Sept. 5, '61 ; mus. out with company ; vet. Rodgers, Henry B., disch. on surg. cert. Resseguie, Amasa, died, date unknown. Sterling, Collins M., mus. out with company ; vet. Smith, John P., Feb. 24, '65 ; drafted ; mus. out with company. Smith, Wm. G., Feb. 27, '65 ; drafted ; mus. out with company. Shippy, John, Feb 24, '64 ; drafted ; mus. out with company. Stanton, John, Mar. 13, '65 ; substitute ; mus. out with company. Snyder, Hiram J., mus. out Sept. 29, '64 ; exp. of term. Spencer, Edwin D., died May 12, '64, of wds. rec. at Wilderness, May 9, '64. Smith, Mark, disch. by G. O. May 9, '65 ; vet. Stephens, Chandler, Mar. 7, '64 ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 17, '64. Smith, Thos., mus. out with company July 30, '65 ; vet. Smith, David, Feb. 24, '65 ; disch. by G. O. May 10, '65. Sloat, Edwin H., Mar. 7, '64 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 28, '64. Snyder, Sylvester, Apr. 6, '64 ; died May 10, '64, of wds. rec. in action. Spencer, Milo A., Mar. 7, '64 ; died May 16, '64, of wds. rec. at Freder- icksburg. Stephens, Daniel H. , Mar. 7, '64 ; died at Washington, D. C.,' June 19, 1864, of wds. rec in battle of Wilderness. Street, Wm. H,, disch. on surg. cert.; date unknown. Spafford, Milton L., disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. Sutton, Wm. A., disch. on surg. cert.; date unknown. Sutton, Edward L., died ; date unknown. Shaw, Henry A., disch. on surg. cert.; date unknown. Stebbins, Wm. H., disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. Tiffany, Alonzo M., Mar. 27, '64 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Tarbox, Samuel A , April 2, '64 ; disch. by G. O. May 15, '65. Tallon, James, April 2, '64; died at Florence, S. C, Nov. 15, '64. Todd, Theodore L.. died ; date unknown. Turner, John W., disch. on surg. cert. Van Wye, Moore T., Feb. 28, '62 ; not with company at mus. out. Warner, Ansel L., April 2, '64 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Weaver, Wm.H., Mar. 28, '64 ; mus. out with company July 30, '65. White, Samuel, Mar. 9, '65 ; substitute ; mus. out with company. Weiman, Geo., Mar. 2, '65 ; substitute ; mus. out with company. Webb, Thos. H., Mar. 14, '64 ; substitute ; mus. out with company. Warner, Julius, Mar. 3, '64 ; died Sept. 24, '64. Westbrook, John, Mar. 7, '64 ; died May 10, '64, of wds. rec. at Wilder- ness. Williams, Porter S., disch. on surg. cert. Warner, Theodore F., died of wds. rec. in action ; vet. Warner, Edson S., pr. to 1st It. Company K, 56th Regt. P. V. Mar. 3,'62. Watkins, Azariah J., died ; date unknown. Wells, Horatio M., disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown ; re. in same company in '64 as Marble Wells. COMPANY G. Mapes, Milton C, Mar. 8, '65 ; substitute ; mus. out July 30, '65. Markham, Rufus A., Feb. 20, '62 ; mus. out Feb. 30, '65; exp. of term. COMPANY K. Corp. Jerry Bolles, Sept. 9, '61 ; killed at Bull Run Aug. 28, 62. Fifty-Sixth Regiment. — The men composing this regiment were from various sections of the State, but principally from Philadelphia and the counties of Indiana, Centre, Luzerne, Schuylkill, Susquehanna THE KEBELLION. 229 and Wayne. The regiment was organized at Camp Curtin in the fall of 1861. Sullivan A. Meredith was made colonel and commanded the regiment until his promotion to brigadier-general in November, 1862. The other field-officers were J. William Hofman, lieutenant-colonel, and John B. Smith, major. The regiment remained at Camp Curtin during the win- ter, and on the 8th of March, 1862, broke camp and proceeded to Washington. It remained in the vicin- ity of Washington until April 4th, when it proceeded by steamer to Budd's Ferry, on the Lower Potomac, and was there engaged on guard duty. On the 24th it embarked for Acquia Landing, and upon its arrival was engaged in repairing damages done by the rebels to the railroad and landing. Until August 9th it was occupied in doing guard duty, but on that date was assigned to Doubleday's Brigade, King's Division of McDowell's corps, and became associated with the Seventy-sixth and Ninety-fifth New York Regiments, the Seventh Indiana and the First New Hampshire Battery. The Brigade immediately moved with the corps across the Rappahannock, and on the 21st, near Rappahannock Station, the men of the regiment first heard the shriek of shells. On the 28th it had a short but sharp encounter with the enemy, in which Colonel Meredith was severely wounded. On the 29th it again engaged the enemy and was de- ployed to hold in check the rebel line of battle while our troops changed position. The regiment changed front under fire and held its ground until ordered to retire, but suffered severely in killed and wounded. On the morning of the 30th, the day on which was fought the principal battle of the second Bull Run, the regiment mustered but one hundred and fifty-four men for duty. It was engaged that day, but mainly in support of other troops. When the army retired it, with the brigade to which it belonged, was the rear-guard and suffered some loss. The campaign in Maryland soon opened, and the Fifty-sixth again en- countered the enemy at South Mountain, when it inflicted severe blows and suffered severe loss. In the battle of Antietam, which occurred two days afterwards, it participated, but did not suffer serious loss. Its next serious engagement with the enemy was had after crossing the Potomac, on the 30th of Octo- ber, when it moved to the support of Pleasanton's cavalry and met the enemy near Union, on the 2d of November. They defeated and drove the enemy from his position, but with considerable loss. The Fifty-sixth, for its gallant action on that occasion, received the congratulations of the division comman- der. At the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13 ; it occupied the left of Franklin's division, but was not actively engaged, although within range and under fire of the enemy's guns. Early in January, 1863, Lieutenant-Colonel Hofman was promoted to colonel, and Captain George B. Osborn to lieu- tenant-colonel of the regiment. In the Chancellors- ville campaign the regiment bore an active part, but its movements were confined to the operations in and about Fredericksburg, designed to divert the enemy from Hooker's real point of attack. On the 7th of June the Fifty-sixth was detailed with the Seventh Wisconsin, to support the cavalry at Brandy Station, and had several sharp encounters with the enemy. On the 25th of June the regiment started on its march to Gettysburg. It reached Frederick on the 28th, and Emmittsburg the morning of the 30th. At this time the regiment belonged to the Second Bri- gade of the First Corps, and when the corps reached the battle-field on that ever-memorable 1st of July the Second Brigade had the advance, and the Fifty- sixth was the second in the brigade column. Getting into position a little in advance of the other regiments, and seeing the enemy advancing, it was ordered to fire and thus opened the battle. General Cutler, then in command of the First Division of the First Corps, in a letter to Governor Curtin dated November 5, 1863, says : " In noticing in the papers to-day an ac- count of the proposition for a, national cemetery at Gettysburg for the men who fell there in July last, I am reminded that I have neglected a duty which I owe to one of your regiments, the Fifty-sixth, and its brave commander, Colonel Hofmann. * * * It was my fortune to be in the advance on the morning of July 1st when we came upon the ground in front of the enemy. Colonel Hofmann's regiment got into position a moment sooner than the others. The at- mosphere being a little thick, I took out my glass to examine the enemy. Being a few paces in rear of Col. Hofmann, he turned to me and inquired, ' Is that the enemy ?' My reply was yes. Turning to his men, he commanded: 'Ready, right-oblique, aim, fire ! ' and the battle of Gettysburg was opened. The fire was followed by other regiments instantly ; still, that bat- tle on the soil of Pennsylvania was opened by her own sons, and it is just that it should become a mat- ter of history. * * * I desire to say to your Excel- lency that the Fifty-sixth is one of the very best regi- ments in the service. * * * I hope you will cause proper measures to be taken to give that regiment the credit, which is its due, of having opened that memorable battle." It was fiercely engaged on the 2d, and on the 3d supported the batteries at the cem- etery. Its losses, mainly sustained the first day, were ten killed, sixty-seven wounded and seventy-eight missing. Among the wounded was Captain Burritt, of Company K. On the 10th of March, 1864, a suffi- cient number having re-enlisted to retain its organiza- tion as a veteran regiment, it was granted a veteran furlough and returned to Philadelphia. On the 20th of April it returned to the front, and after a few days of camp life started on the memorable Wilderness campaign. The regiment crossed the Rapidan on the morning of May 4th, and at noon of the 5th be- came desperately engaged with a vastly superior force of the enemy, and, though bravely contending, was forced to fall back with heavy loss. Among the 230 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. killed was Lieutenant Titman, of Company G, a brave officer whose sword — drawn for the first time in this battle — was presented to him in acknowledge- ment of his services in the ranks. On the 6th it was in the thickest of the fight, and towards evening assisted in re-capturing the intrenchments wrested from the Second Corps, and was the first to plant its flag on the works where a moment before had floated the rebel colors. Again on the 7th it bravely faced the foe, and during the bloody battles that followed it was ever at the front. On the 19th of August, during a fierce attack of the enemy, the Fifty-sixth settled an old debt with the rebels. At the battle of Bull Eun in '62 its color company was surrounded and colors cap- tured. It now saw an opportunity to avenge the loss. The foe was repulsed, and, hotly pursuing them, the regiment captured the battle flag of the Fifty-fifth North Carolina. It shared in the perils and honors of the last campaign, and on the 1st of July, 1865, was mustered out of service at Philadelphia. Company K. — Susquehanna County furnished some- thing over fifty men to this company, the remainder being principally from the county of Schuylkill. Upon its organization David Mitchell, of Schuylkill County, was made captain ; Edson S. Warner, at the time a member of Company D, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was promoted to first lieutenant; and Ira N. Burritt, also of this county, was made second lieutenant. That Company K was a part of (he gal- lant Fifty-sixth, whose brilliant record we have briefly traced, is sufficient commendation. Upon the resignation of Captain Mitchell, in December, 1862, Lieutenant Warner was promoted to captain, and was in command of the company until February, 1863, when he resigned. He is now in the postal ser- vice of the United States, being mail agent on the Montrose Bailway, and resides at Montrose. Lieu- tenant Burritt was promoted to the command of the company when Captain Warner was discharged, which he retained until November, 1864, when, on account of wounds, he was discharged. Lieutenant B. C. Stoddard, of Company A, was then promoted to the captaincy, who, although residing in Wayne County before the war, is now and has been for many years, a resident of the borough of Susquehanna. Captain Burritt is a resident of Washington, D. C, where he is engaged in editing and publishing a newspaper. Loren Burritt, when the company was organized, was made first sergeant, from which he was promoted to second and to first lieutenant. November 7, 1863, he was commissioned major of the Eighth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. On the 20th of February, 1864, at Olustee, Florida, Major Burritt was severely wounded. He was afterwards promoted to lieutenant-colonel and brevet-colonel, but, on account of his wound, was obliged to relin- quish command of the regiment, and was placed on detached service. November 10, 1865, Colonel Bur- ritt was mustered out with his regiment and returned to Susquehanna County. The next year he was elected to the Legislature, and again in 1867. But he had never recovered from the wound received in Florida, and about this time it began to affect his health in an alarming manner. Baffling the skill of the most eminent physicians of the country, his dis- ease soon completely prostrated him, and for more than twenty years he has been a helpless invalid. But Susquehanna County was represented in the Fifty-sixth by fifty or sixty other patriotic " boys ' who enlisted in other Companies — principally in A, D and I, and their names appear in the record of their service, which follows. When the " date of muster into service " is marked 1864, it refers to date of re- enlistment : COMPANY K, FIFTY-SIXTH KEGIMENT. Mustered into service March 3, 1862, unless otherwise stated; mustered out July 1, 1865. Capt. Edson S. Warner, pr. from 1st It. Feb. 3, '63 ; res. Feb. 27, '63. Capt. Ira N. Burritt, pr. from 2d to 1st It. Feb. 3, '63 ; to capt. Feb. 27, '63 ; \vd. at Gettysburg, Wilderness and Weldon R. R. ; disch. Nov. 21, '64. 1st Lt. Loren Burritt, Mar. 7, '62; pr. from 1st sergt. to 2d It. Feb. 3, '63 ; to 1st lt. Apr. 1, '63; to major , 8th Eegt. TJ. S. Colored Troops, Nov. 7, '63 ; afterwards pr. to ]t.-col and bev. col. Sergt. John L. Vanauken, Apr. 19, '62, died May 12, '64, of wds. reed, in action. Corporals. Drake, Henry W., Mar. 6, '64 ; wd. four times ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Baxter, Orrin, W., Jan. 25, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Potter, Richard B., Jan. 28, '64; pr. to cor. June 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Richards, Joseph D., Mar. 27, '64 ; pr. to cor. June 1, '65, mus. out with Co. ; vet. Maxfield, Cyrus N., Jan. 23, '6.1 ; disch. June 16, '65 ; vet. Privates. Ainey, Peter, wd. at Gettysburg ; leg amputated ; disch. Feb. 7, '64. Brown, George, July 27, '63 ; drafted ; mus. out with Co. Brown, Josiah R., Mar. 7, '64 ; ab. sick at mus. out. Bradshaw, E. M., Feb. 3, '64 ; not on mus. out roll ; vet. Chase, Wm. J., Jan. 30, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Crow, Patrick, Feb. 13, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. ; enlisted after war in Mexican Army. Coy, Asa, Feb. 17, '62 : died at Annapolis, Md., June 17, '62. Colvin, Jared B., com. 1st lt. Nov. 22, '64; not on mus. out roll. Driscol, Jerry C, Apr. 19, '62 ; died June 17, '62. Devine, Hiram, disch. ; date unknown. Doud, William, disch. ; date unknown. Eldridge, Wm. H., disch. June, '62. Ellis, John H., not on mus. out roll. Goss, Edward A., Feb. 14, '64 ; ab. sick at mus. out ; vet. GleaBon, Stephen, Feb. 27, '63 ; tr. to V. R. C. Mar. 2, '64. Garvey, James, not on mus. out roll. Hughes, Geo. W., Jan. 27, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Hughes, Thos. W., Sept. 10, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 11, 63. Jewett, Allen, Jan. 29, '62 ; died at Alexandria, Va., June 23, '63, of wds. reed, in action. Kerr, Christian, Mar. 28, '62 ; mus. out Apr. 5, '65 ; exp. of term. Lindsay, Ezra L\, Jan. 29, '62 ; disch. ; date unknown ; re. in Lgt. Art. Lynch, Harvey W., Jan. 29, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. McKinny, Chester, Mar. 25, '62 ; died at Knoxville, Tenn. ; date un- known. Otis, Leander, Mar. 25, '62 ; not on mus. out roll ; re. in TJ. S. Navy. Perkins, Julius G., Feb. 27, '62; mus. out with Co.; vet Perkins, Chas. L., Feb. 27, '62 ; not on mus. out roll. Richards, Lemuel, Mar. 27, '64; mus. out with Co.; vet. Reynolds, Wm. H., Mar. 27, '64 ; not on mus. out roll ; re. in 2d Pa. Heavy Art. Rhinevault, Sylvester P., Mar. 27, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Richards, Chas. F., Mar. 27, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Snyder, Philo J., Feb. 21, '64; mus. out with Co. ; vet. THE KEBELLION. 231 Swisher, Andrew J., Feb. 2, '64 ; mm out with Co. ; vet. Sanders, Janies E., Apr. 5, '62 ; disch. on Burg. cert. Dec. 9, '62 ; re. in Co. B, 17th Pa. Cav. Slade, James, Mar. 24, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. Sanders, Benj. F., Mar. 24, '62 ; disch. on surg, cert. ; date unknown. St. Clair, Geo. W., Mar. 24, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. Thompson, John J., Feb. 24, '62 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. Vergason, Newell J., Feb. 24, '62 ; diBch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown ; re. in Co. K, 187th P. Y. Westbrook, John, Feb. 27, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 28, '63. White, William, Feb. 27, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. Whitford, Adney J., Mar. 28, '64 ; disch. Apr. 26, '64 ; vet. Wilbur, Charles, Feb. 27, '62 ; tr. to Battery B, 1st Pa. Art. Wilbur, Isaiah S., Feb. 13, '64 ; killed in action Aug. 20, '64 ; vet. The following-named men were also members of the Fifty-sixth Eegiment : COMPANY A. Sergt. Andrew J. Archer, Oct. 2, '61 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Cor. Avery Porter, Feb. 12, '64 ; pr. to cor. Apr. 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Privates. Avery, George, Mar. 30, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Burman, George H. Oct. 4, '61 ; capt'd at Bull Eun Aug. 29, '62. Bloxham, Arthur E., Feb. 24, '62 ; killed at Bull Bun Aug. 29, '62. Burman, David, died at Camp Curtin Jan. 25, '62. Burman, Danford, Mar. 30, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 17, '65. Cass, Frederick, Oct. 2, '61 ; disch. on Burg. cert. ; date unknown. Foster, Archibald L, Oct. 2, '61 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Gelatt, C. W., Oct. 22, '61; disch. for wds. reed, at Gettysburg July 1, '63. Hine, Isaac, died at Camp Curtin Jan. 20, '62. Lathrop, Eugene, not on muster out roll. Lagier, George, disch. on surg. cert. May 7, '62. Perkins, Lewis L. , Oct. 22, '62 ; killed at North Anna River. Robinson, Henry J., Mar. 6, '62 ; diech. on surg. cert. May 6, '62. Sillick, Milton, Feb. 4, '62 ; disch. ; date unknown. Sillick, Wm. H., Oct. 22, '62 ; not on mus. out roll. Storer, Isaac F., Oct. 22, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. Schriver, Jeremiah, not on mus. out roll. Ticknor, George B., Oct. 22, '61 ; capt'd at Bull Run Aug. 29, '62. Wood, Albert N., Oct. 2, '01 ; killed at Bull Run, Aug. 29, '62. White, Orrin B., Oct. 2, '61 ; died of wds. reed, at 2d Bull Run. Washburn, Luman, died at Camp Curtin Dec. 2, '61. COMPANY D. Capt. Robert H. Day, Nov. 1, '61 ; pr. from 1st sergt. to 2d It. Sept. 27, '62 ; to 1st It. Mar. 1, '63 ; to capt. June 13, '6! ; disch. Jan. 10, '65. Sergt. Wm. H. Miller, pr. to sergt. June 24, '62 ; disch. for wds. Cor. Walter F. Aldrich, pr. to cor. Jan. 24, '62 ; tr. to V. R. C. Privates. Brush, Geo. A., disch. ; date unknown. Brush, Edgar J., capt'd at 2d Bull Run. Grimes, Curtis F., Feb. 13, '64 : mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. Gordon, Samuel G., disch. on surg. cert. ; date unknown. Morse, Joel Furman, died June 2, '63 ; bur. at Antietam. Middaugh, CharleB, died ; date unknown. Martin, Edward F., Feb. 13, '64 ; disch. for wds., with loss of leg, reed. June 20, '64. Lung, Addison W., not on mus. out roll. COMPANY Q. 1st Lt. Henry C. Titman, 1861 ; pr. from sergt. to 1st. It. Dec. 6, '63 ; killed at Wilderness May 5, '64. (See Lt. " Titman " Post, G. A. R.) Strunlc, Wm. C. Priv. died Aug. 12, '64. COMPANY I. Sergt. William Anderson, Feb. 13, '64, pr. to Bergt. Apr. 1, '65; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. Sergt. Urbane Barrager, Feb. 13, '64 ; pr. from cor. to sergt. May 21, '65 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. Cor. Jasper Gardner, Feb. 13, '64 ; wd. in action June 18, '64, ab. in hos. at mus. out ; vet. Cor. M. J. Slocum, Feb. 13, '64; pr. to cor. Feb. 25, '62 ; not on mus. out roll ; vet. Mus. Winfleld S. Carr, not on mus. out roll. Privates. Bennett, Geo. E., not on mus. out roll. Coil, CharleB, tr. to Co. A ; date unknown. Coil, John, Aug. 20, '64 ; tr. to Co. A ; date unknown. Coil, Thomas, Aug. 20, '64 ; tr. to Co. A ; date unknown. Coil, JameB, not on mus. out roll. Canfield, James A., not on mus. out roll. Galloway, E. F., not on mus. out roll. Weed, Phiueas, not on mus. out roll. . Fifty-seventh Regiment. — The men of this regi- ment were mainly from the counties of Mercer, Craw- ford, Venango, Tioga, Bradford, Wyoming and Sus- quehanna. The regiment was organized early in December, 1861, by the choice of the following officers : William Maxwell, colonel; Elhanan W. Woods, lieutenant-colonel; and Jeremiah Culp, major. The regiment left Camp Curtin for Washington on the 14th and encamped on the Bladensburg Pike. In February, 1862, it crossed the river into Virginia and joined the Army of the Potomac. It was here assigned to General Jameson's brigade of the Third Corps, being associated with the Eighty-third and One Hundred and Fifth Pennsylvania regiments and the Eighty-seventh New York. On the 4th of April it moved with the army to Yorktown, and after remain- ing under the fire of the enemy's guns for a few days it was moved to a wooded swamp in the rear, where, for a month, the men labored in the trenches. " Here,' ' wrote Surgeon Lyman, "the men walked in mud, slept in mud, and drank water from holes scooped out of the mud; and the combined remonstrances of the medical officers of the brigade were met by the silencing reply, 'It is a military necessity.' But the result proved the fears of the surgeons well founded, and nearly half the regiment were rendered unfit for duty and many of them died. On the 11th the regi- ment had a brief but sharp engagement with the enemy, and on May 4th, while on the march to the battle-field of Williamsburg, it was ordered to throw off knapsacks, blankets and overcoats, . and proceed ' double quick ' to the front. They reached the field, but, night coming on, they were not engaged ; and, overheated by their rapid march, wet to the skin by a drenching rain, without rations, blankets or fires, they remained under arms all night." " It seemed," writes Colonel Perkins, then adjutant of the regiment, "im- mediately after, as though the regiment had been struck by a pestilence. I think the loss to the regi- ment by discharges, on account of that night's expo- sure, was greater than our casualties in any battle during the war." At the battle of Fair Oaks the regiment suffered severely, having eleven men killed and forty-nine wounded. In the severe battle of the 30th the enemy assaulted the Union lines in vastly superior numbers, but he was repulsed with great slaughter, and the conduct of the Fifty-seventh on that occasion was highly com- mended by that accomplished soldier, General Kearny. The loss in the regiment was seven killed and fifty-six wounded. But, with undaunted spirits and unflagging zeal it met the enemy at Malvern Hill on the following; 232 HISTOEY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. day, and in this, the last of the series of bloody battles of that Peninsular campaign, it sustained well its reputation for efficiency and bravery. But, without a field officer and with only a few line officers fit for duty — reduced by battle, by sickness and by death to only fifty-six effective men — it presented a marked contrast to the thousand strong that, scarcely three months before, had marched forth to battle. But before leaving the Peninsula, recruits were received, the sick rapidly returned and the regiment was restored to almost its original efficiency. From the Peninsula the regiment proceeded to Alexandria, and from there joined Pope's army in time to participate in the second Bull Bun battle on the 29th and 30th of August. By a forced march the regiment reached the battle-field of Chantilly. Here the gallant Kearny, having ridden into the enemy's lines while reconnoitring, was killed, and his body fell into the hands of the enemy. On the following day four companies of the Fifty-seventh were sent, under a flag of truce, to receive his body and bear it within our lines. On the 13th of December the regi- ment crossed the Rappahannock on pontoons, and soon was fiercely engaged with the enemy on the bloody field of Fredericksburg. On the 14th, in company with the One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania, it was ordered to the extreme front line, where it remained until the night of the 15th. Upon recrossing the river it returned to its old camp, but with sadly-thinned ranks. Of the three hundred and sixteen men with which the regiment went into that battle, twenty-one were killed, seventy-six wounded and seventy-eight were missing. About the 1st of March, 1863, in the reorganization of the army under Hooker, the Fifty-seventh was assigned to Graham's brigade, composed entirely of Pennsylvania regiments, viz. : The Fifty-seventh, Sixty-third, Sixty- eighth, One Hundred and Fifth, One Hundred and Fourteenth and One Hundred and Forty-first. On the 28th of April it started on the Chancellorsville campaign, crossing the river on the 30th and reaching the field on the 1st of May. On the 2d it moved to the front, but, with the exception of some skirmishing, was not seriously engaged. At daylight of the 3d, the brigade being in column of regiments, the enemy 1 suddenly assaulted it with great fury. It immediately moved by the flank at double quick and deployed in line of battle near the Chancellor House, where it charged and drove the enemy; but, after a desperate encounter, was forced to fall back. The regiment again suffered a grievous loss, having thirteen of its number killed, forty-eight wounded and twenty-three missing. On the 6th it recrossed the river and re- turned to its old camp. On the 11th of June the regiment started on the Gettysburg campaign, arriv- ing at Emmittsburg, Md., July 1st, and reaching the battle-field that night. Early on the 2d it moved to the front, and during the fierce fighting that occurred the Fifty-seventh was in the thickest of the fray. While the regiment was in position near Sherfy's house the brigade was compelled to fall back by a flank movement of the enemy, and a number of the men having taken cover in an old cellar, did not hear the order to retire, but continued a rapid and destruc- tive fire. When too late, they discovered their isolated position and were nearly all captured. During the 3d it remained at the front and at night was placed on picket. The casualties of the regiment were again heavy, being twelve killed, forty-five wounded and forty-seven missing. In the pursuit of Lee, and in all the subsequent campaigns and engagements in the Valley of Virginia, including Mine Run, Auburn Creek, Kelly's Ford and Locust Grove, the regiment participated, and at noon, on the 9th of April, when within a mile of Appomattox Court-House, the joyful tidings was brought that Lee had surrendered. Company A. — Nearly half of Company A enlisted from this county, and the remainder were mostly from our neighboring county of Wyoming. J. R. Lyons was mainly instrumental in recruiting the men from Sus- quehanna, having a recruiting station on the fair- ground during the county fair in September, 1861. Upon the organization of the company he was chosen first lieutenant, and upon the promotion of Captain Sides to lieutenant-colonel, soon after, he was made captain of the company, and continued in command until obliged to leave the service on account of wounds received in the severe engagements his regi- ment participated in. His brother, Clark M. Lyons, was made adjutant of the regiment, and died from wounds received in battle. Henry H. Hinds was promoted to captain of the company, and Edgar Williams was promoted to captain Company E, and died of wounds. The company bore manfully its part during the severe service of the regiment, as the record of its members will bear evidence. COMPANY A, FIFTY-SEVENTH EEGIJIENT. Mustered into service November 11, 1861, unless otherwise stated; mustered out June 29, 1865. Capt. Jerome K. Lyons, Dec. 4, '61 ; pr. from 1st It. to capt. Sept. 15, '62 ; disch. Oct. 4, '64, for wds. rec. in action (see Capt. Lyons Post. G. A. n.) Capt. Henry H. Hinds, Dec. 4, '61 ; pr. from 1st sergt. to 1st It. Jan. 7, '63 ; taken pris. at Gettysburg ; pr. to capt. May 15, '65 ; disch. May 15, '65. Sergeants. Wm. Doherty, Feb. 10, '64; pr. from cor. to sergt. June 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Edgar Van Loan, April 1, '62 ; mus. out April 10, '65, exp. of term. Edgar Williams, Oct. 4, '61 ; pr. to 2d It. Co. E., Nov. 4, '63 ; to 1st It. Sept. 1, '63; to capt. Nov. 1, '63 ; died May 23, '64, of wds. rec. in action. "Wm. W. Hinds, Dec. 4, '61 ; wd. at Malvern Hill ; mortally wd. at Fred- ericksburg, Va. ; died Dec. 22, '62. Corporals. Gilbert H. Mitchell, Jan. 1, '64; mus. out with Co. June 29, '65 ; vet. Theodore S. Clink, Dec. 4, '61 ; not on mus. out roll ; diBch. April 19, '62. Adelbert B. Robinson, Dec. 4, '61 ; wd. at Chancellorsville ; knocked senseless by a shell at Gettysburg ; on detached serv. at mus. out of Co. ; vet. Edward F. Hawley, Oct. 23, '61 ; capt'd ; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 7, '64. THE REBELLION. 233 John L. Strunk, Dec. 4, '61 ; died June 4, '62, at Yorktown, Va. Bentley Stark, Dec. 4, '61 ; died at Harrison Landing, Aug. 3, '62. Privates. Auaon, Levi, Bee. 31, '63 ; mus. out with Co. June 29, '65 ; vet. Anson, Lafayette, Oct. 22, '61 ; mus. out Oct. 25, 64, exp. of term. Austin, John, Dec. 4, '61 ; tr. to V. R. 0. Nov. 1, '63. Bronson, Philander S., Dec. 4, '61 ; disch. Sept. 16, '62, for disability. Brotzman, Isaac, Dec. 4, '61 ; taken pris. at Chancellorsville ; died at Camp Parole, Annapolis, Md., Aug. 17, '63. Bolls, Lyman, Dec. 4, '61 ; disch. Nov. 16, '62. Bump, DenniB L., Dec. 4, '61 ; disch. Nov. 14, '62, at Ft. Hamilton ; re. in Co. C, 203d P. V. Barnes, Horace J., Dec. 4, '61 ; wd. at Pair Oaks, and left in the hands of the enemy. Bray, Levi T., Feb. 12, '62 ; taken pris. at Fredericksburg; on detached duty at mus. out ; vet. Bramlee, ¥m. J., Jan. 29, '62 ; re. as a vet. Bramlee, Alonzo T., Mar. 10, '62 ; not on mus. out roll. Clink, Adam, Oct. 22, '61 ; not on mus. out roll. Clink, James, Oct. 22, '61 ; disch. Jan. 16, '63. Coggswell, Aaron, Oct. 22, '61 ; died at Ft. Monroe, June 17, '62. Doherty, Patrick, Dec. 31, '63; mus. out with Co. June 29, '65 ; vet. Devine, Daniel, Nov. 1, '61 ; wd. at Glendale ; disch. Jan. 16, '63. Devine, Jno. WeBley, Nov. 1, '61 ; taken pris. at Chancellorsville ; re- turned to Co. Dec. 10, '63 ; vet. Fargo, Jason E., Nov. 1, '61 ; not on mus. out roll. Granger, John W., Nov. 1, '61 ; pr. to cor. Feb. 18, '63 ; to sergt. July 1, '63 ; tr. to V. B. C. Jan. 15, '64. Granger, Luther A., Nov. 1, '61 ; killed at Gettysburg. Hinds, Frederick M., Oct. 22, '61 ; pr. to cor. Mar. 1, '62 ; disch. Oct. 14, '62. Jackson, Fred., not on mus. out roll. Keator, W. B., Nov. 1, '61 ; not on muB. out roll. Kennard, Lewis C, Jan. 30, '62 ; in actions of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks ; killed at Glendale. Kennedy, Richard V., Nov. 1, '61 ; left arm shot off at Gettysburg ; disch. Dec. 3, '63. Kirkhoff, J., died April 12, '65 ; bur. at Arlington, Va. Lamm, Joseph, April 8, '65 ; substitute ; ab. sick at mus. out. Lines, Sumner E., Nov. 1, '61 ; killed in front of Petersburg, Va., June 18, '64. Lyons, Clark M., Nov. 1, '61 ; pr. to 1st It. and adjt. May 2, '64 ; died June 20, '64, of wds. received in action (see "Four Brothers " Post, G. A. E.) Lewis, Kennard, Nov. 1, '61 ; not on mus. out roll. McCauley, John, Nov. 1, '61; disch. for disability Dec. 9, '62. McCormick, John C, Nov. 1, '61; wd. at Gettysburg; disch. at Harris- burg, Pa. McCormick, Chas., Nov. 1, '61 ; wd. at Gettysburg, leg amputated ; died from wds. July 12, '63. McCracken, Volney, Feb. 13, '64; not on mus. out roll. McDonald, Myron, Feb. 13, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Osborn, Wm. H., Nov. 1, '61 ; disch. March 10, '63, disability. Osborn, Stephen M., Nov. 1, '61 ; wd. at 2d Bull Run, and died of his wds. at Alexandria, Va., Sept. 17, '62. Otis, Ferdinand, Nov. 1, '61 ; killed in action Dec. 13, '62. Otis, Dudley M., Nov. 25, '61; died near Falmoutb, Va., June 9, '63, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va. Otis, Israel, Nov. 1, '61 ; wd. at Chancellorsville, Va. ; pr. to cor. ; killed. Potter, Henry W., Nov. 1, '61 ; died Jan. 12, '62, at Union Heights, Georgetown. Penny, Wm. H., Nov. 1, '61 ; not on mus. out roll. Penny, Sidney E., Nov. 1, '61 ; not on mus. out roll. Roberts, Mortimer, Nov. 1, '61 ; disch. Sept. 20, '62, at Ft. Monroe. Stage, Geo. E., March 31, '64; wd. at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64 ; ab. at mus. out. Seeley, Benj. E., Feb. 13, '64; disch. on surg. cert. April 14, '65. Stage, Aaron, Feb. 11, '62 ; flfer ; tr. to Co. I, April 1, '62 ; died at Ft. McHenry Oct. 28, '62. Stage, Richard H., March 31, '64 ; died May 7, '64, of wounds received in action ; previously served 9 mos. in Co. H, 177th Regt. Shaddock, Joseph, Feb. 15, '62 ; not on mus. out roll. Seeley, Malory, not on mus. out roll. Sembler, Frank 0., Nov. 1, '61; not on mus. out roll. Stephens, Fred., Nov. 1, '61; killed Dec. 13, '62. Sherwood, N. Y., Nov. 1, '61 ; disch. Dec. 12, '62, of disability. Simpson, Walter B., Nov. 1, '61 ; pris. at Fredericksburg ; exchanged ; wd. at Kelly's Ford ; re-enlisted ; vet. Stark, Mitchell 0., Nov. 1, '61 ; not on mus. out roll. Strickland, P. B., Nov. 1, '61 ; died at Ft. Monroe June 17, '62, of wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va. Seeley, Hollis, Feb. 22, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Seeley, Malvern E., Feb. 22, '64 ; not on muB. out roll. Smith, Daniel, Mar. 22, '64 ; died June 14, '64. Sweet, Perry, Feb. 1, '64; ab. in hos, at Phila. at mus. out ; disch. by G. O. June 12, '65. Sweet, Henry, Feb. 1, '64; died at Beverly hos., N. J., Oct. 22, '64; had served 9 months in Co. A., 15[st P. V. Terry, Henry W., Feb. 25, '62 ; wd. at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63 ; ab. at mus. out. Tallon, James, Nov. 1, '61 ; disch. for disability Oct. 28, '62 ; re. in Co. D, 50th P. V. Tiffany, Volney W., Nov. 1, '61 ; killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, '62. Whitney, Willard J., Oct. 5, '61 ; wd. at Charles City Cross-Koads June 30, '63 ; wd. and capt'd at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63 ; disch. Nov. 15, '63. Wickson, Joshua, Nov. 1, '61 ; re-enlisted ; killed at battle of Wilderness May 5, '64 ; vet. Weod, Warren S., Nov. 1, '61 ; disch. for disability April 13, '62. Warner, Erastus, Nov. 1, '61 ; wd. at Fair Oaks ; on detached duty at mus. out ; vet. COMPANY I. Privates. Maxum, Charles, Feb. 28, '62 ; died in hospital Aug. 2, '63. Parker, Joseph W., Feb. 28, '62 ; disch. for disability Sept. 30, '62. COMPANY D. Privates. Dimmick, Addison, Feb. 21, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 8, '62. Freer, Du Bois, Feb. 28, '62 ; died June 3, '62. Thatcher, C. E., Feb. 16, '62; tr. to V. R. C. Oct. 7, '63. One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment. — The three counties of Bradford, Susquehanna and Wayne furnished the men composing this regiment, seven companies being recruited in Bradford, two in Susquehanna and one from Wayne. The companies rendezvouzed at Camp Curtin, where, on the 28th of August, 1862, the commissioned officers of the several companies met to select regimental officers. With a unanimity that thus early evinced that the purpose of both officers and men of the regiment was to stamp out rebellion, and not self-aggrandizement, they decided to call to the command of the regiment a soldier of experience and known ability; and their choice fell upon Major Henry J. Madill, of the Sixth Pennsyl- vania Reserves, a resident of Bradford County. At the moment of his election Major Madill was partici- pating with his regiment in the bloody battles that culminated on the 30th in another disaster to the Union troops at Bull Run. The organization was completed by the selection of Guy H. Watkins and Israel P. Spalding, of Bradford County, as lieuten- ant-colonel and major, Daniel W. Searle, of Susque- hanna, as adjutant, and Robert N. Torrey, of Wayne, as quartermaster. The total number on the rolls of the regiment, including field and staff, was nine hun- dred and forty-nine men. On the evening of the 28th orders were received for the regiment to proceed to Washington the next day, which was received with great satisfaction and obeyed with alacrity. The regiment left Camp Curtin the next afternoon, and reached Washington the following day. The booming 234 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. of cannon from the battle-field of Bull Bun could be distinctly heard, and all was excitement and confusion at the Capitol. Taking dinner at the Soldiers' Rest, the regiment was immediately ordered to Arlington Heights ; but upon reaching Long Bridge, they were detained until dark by an ambulance train going to Bull Bun, and did not reach their destination until eleven o'clock. Here, weary and exhausted, they threw themselves down to sleep ; but within an hour orders came to proceed to Chain Bridge, some nine miles distant. Pope's defeat was now known, and the regiment fell into line for this march, not knowing at what moment it might encounter the victorious foe. To add to the perils of the situation, the regiment was practically without arms ; for there was not a round of ammunition that would fit their old Austrian muskets, nor a hundred bayonets that could be used. Had the men of the regiment known at that time what they soon afterwards learned — the value of having in their hands a trusty musket, capped and primed, with " forty rounds " in their pockets — they might have done what never occurred during their term of service — disobeyed orders. The survivors of the regiment will never forget that night-march. No glimmering star illumined the blank darkness, and to add to its misfortunes the guide lost his way, and it was daylight when the regiment halted near its destination. Less than two hundred men were in line. The remainder, overcome by fatigue, had " fallen by the way ; " but during the forenoon most of the men arrived in camp. Bates, in his " History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers," speaking of the regiment at this time, says : " For two days it was kept marching and counter-marching among the defences of Washington, being held in readiness to repel an attack of the enemy, which seemed to be hourly anticipated. The days were in- tensely hot and the nights cool, and for more than a week after its arrival the regiment was without tents. Rations also were scarce, and privation and exposure soon began to tell fearfully upon the health of the men, nearly three hundred being carried to hospitals, and five hundred reported unfit for duty.'' On the 12th of September the regiment was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division of the Third Corps, and became associated with the Sixty-third, Sixty-eighth, One Hundred and Fifth, and One Hundred and Four- teenth Pennsylvania, and the Twentieth Indiana Regiments. General John C. Robinson, now a resi- dent of Binghamton, N. Y., commanded the brigade. He was a regular army officer, a gallant soldier and strict disciplinarian. In the following brief account of the regiment's services the writer is indebted for many items of in- terest to a very complete and accurate history of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, written by Chaplain David Craft, and published in 1885. The regiment remained in the defences of Washington until the 10th of October, when, with the brigade, it made a forced march to Poolsville, Md., in a fruitless attempt to intercept Stewart on his return from his rebel raid into Pennsylvania. It is said that "severe marches are more destructive to armies than battles ;'' and this march, so far as the One Hundred and Forty- first was concerned, was astriking illustration of its truth The surgeon of the regiment reported that more than one hundred cases of hernia alone were traceable to the Poolsville march. The regiment remained here on picket duty until the 28th, when it crossed the river at White's Ford, and joined the army in its march to Warrenton. When Burnside assumed com- mand, it moved with the army towards Fredericks- burg, reaching Falmouth on the 22d of November. The battle of Fredericksburg was the first engage- ment in which the regiment participated. It was un- der arms all day the 10th, and on the morning of the 11th of December it was awakened by a " reveille " it will never forget — the booming of cannon at Freder- icksburg. All day and the next it waited, momentarily expecting orders to cross the river. On the morning of the 13th it marched to a point on the hills oppo- site the head of Franklin's pontoon bridge, and stacked arms. Here it lay, a silent spectator, in full view of the terrible battle now raging across the river, until nearly two o'clock in the afternoon, when it re- ceived orders to cross and hasten to the relief of the gallant Reserves, who were being forced back by over- whelming numbers. For nearly a mile the regiment was exposed to the fire of the enemy's artillery, which, as the brigade approached the field, was concentrated upon it, and shot and shell flew thick and fast. The arrival of the brigade was most timely. The yelling rebels of Early's brigade were within a hundred yards of Randolph's battery, and would doubtless have cap- tured it but for the withering fire poured into their ranks by the advance regiments of the brigade, which compelled them to fall back. The One Hundred and Forty-first was ordered in support of Randolph's bat- tery, upon which the enemy did not cease their fire until dark. On the night of the 14th Major Spalding, with twenty men from each company and six commis- sioned officers, were placed on advanced picket, within twenty rods of the enemy's lines. Here they re- mained from five o'clock Monday morning until two o'clock Tuesday morning, when, the army having safely recrossed the river, they silently withdrew, and were among the last to reach the north bank of the Rappahannock. The regiment returned to its old camp and erected winter-quarters. On the 20th of January the regiment started on what was afterwards known asBurnside's " mud march;'' and its particular significance to the regiment arises from the fact that in this well-planned movement it had been selected for the important and perilous duty of crossing the river in boats, and taking possession of the hill and holding it while the pontoon bridge was laid. The confidence thus placed in the courage and ability of the officers and men of the regiment was no small compliment; but fortunately for them, the elements THE REBELLION. 235 interposed, and they were spared the ordeal. Return- ing to camp, it quietly passed the remainder of the winter, and the spring found it ready and waiting for the campaign that followed. On the 27th of April, 1863, orders were received to be ready to march on the following day. The regi- ment participated in the operations of Sedgewick in and about Fredericksburg, designed to divert the attention of Lee from Hooker's real point of attack at Chancellorsville, but did not cross the river. On the 30th the regiment started up the river, and early on the morning of May 1st it crossed the pontoon bridge at United States Ford, and marched to the front. It will be remembered that in the Chancellors- ville campaign the regiment was in Graham's bri- gade, Birney's division,' and Sickles' (Third) corps. We have space to only briefly note the part taken by the regiment in the terrible battles then fought. During the day of the 1st, Graham's brigade was ordered to the support of the Twelfth Corps, and was subjected to the fire of the enemy's artillery, losing some men. On the 2d it participated in the advance in which the enemy were driven back, butjust before dark "Stonewall" Jackson's rebel legions swooped down upon the Eleventh Corps, " rolling it up like a scroll," arid placing the regiment, with the other troops in the advance, in a perilous condition. But aided by the darkness, they withdrew, and that night were placed on picket. At daylight on the morning of the 3d, while the brigade was in column of regiments, the enemy suddenly opened fire upon it. Says Bates: "The brigade was unprepared for the shock, but retiring by the flank it rapidly re-formed near the Chancellor house and delivered a counter-charge upon the enemy, who had followed them up sharply, and was now crossing an open field towards a wood, where he was met, and where a fierce, almost hand-to-hand fight ensued. The fighting on the part of the regi- ment One Hundred and Forty-first was here most heroic, and resulted in driving the enemy from its front and holding him in check until nearly surrounded, when it retired in good order, re- peatedly rallying and pouring destructive volleys into the faces of the closely pursuing foe. ■* * * For its discipline and bravery exhibited on the memorable 3d of May, the regiment was warmly complimented by both Generals Birney and Graham." In his report of the battle, General Graham says : " I would give especial praise to the One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, a new regiment, for the second time under fire. No men could have behaved better. Its thinned ranks are better proof of its steadiness under fire than any words can be; of four hundred and seventeen men taken into the fight, it lost two hundred and thirty-four," On the evening of the 6th the regiment reached its old camp on Potomac Creek. On the 11th of June the regiment again broke camp, and on the night of July 1st bivouacked on the battle-field of Gettysburg. At dawn of the 2d the regiment was in line of battle. It was not seriously engaged until after noon, when, being temporarily detached from the brigade, it was- placed in support of the batteries in the Peach Orchard. We quote from Bates — " For two hours it. held this exposed position, when the enemy's infantry charged in heavy force along his whole line. Already had his lines reached the fence which skirted the orchard, counting on the easy capture of the Union guns, when the regiment, which had lain concealed from view, leaped the wall and dashed forward upon the foe. Bewildered by its sudden appearance, and from front the enemy gave ground, and the regiment, held its advanced position until the guns could be dragged by hand to a place of safety. * * * The enemy's attack was now renewed with overwhelming force and the Union lines were forced to give way. Though fearfully torn, the regiment preserved a bold front, and again and again rallied and turned upon the foe. Its loss in this day's fight was probably greater, in proportion to the number engaged, than almost any other regiment in the army." Colonel Madill, in his report of the battle, says : " I took two hundred men into the fight, with nine officers. Out of that number I lost one hundred and forty-five men and six officers." Of these, one-third were killed on the field or died of their wounds — among the number, the gallant Major Spalding. The regiment participated in the fall campaign, and among other engagements in which it par- ticipated were Auburn, Kelly's Ford and Mine Run. It went into winter-quarters early in November near Brandy Station. Upon the opening of the spring cam- paign of 1864 the regiment, having received accessions to its ranks by recruits, and by men returned from hospitals, numbered about three hundred and twenty- five officers and men present for duty. Under Grant it started on the bloody Wilderness campaign, break- ing camp on the 3d of May. On the fifth it was hotly engaged, and early on the morning of the 6th it charged a line of breastworks, carrying them and capturing the colors of the Thirteenth North Carolina Regiment and fifty prisoners. On the 12th the regi- ment, occupying a portion of the works wrested from the enemy, was repeatedly assaulted in their desper- ate efforts to regain their lost ground, but were each time bloodily repulsed. In front of the position occupied by the One Hundred and Forty-first stood the large tree which was entirely cut off by bullets, the trunk of which is preserved at Washington as a memorial of the war. Around this the enemy were slain by hundreds. The losses in the regiment were again severe, being, from May 5th to 18th, nine killed, ninety-eight wounded and twenty-nine miss- ing. At North Anna, Cold Harbor and at Peters- burg the regiment met the foe, and at the latter place, on the 18th of June, while gallantly leading the reg- iment, Colonel Madill being in command of the brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Watkins was almost 236 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. instantly killed. Captain Tyler, of Company IT, was commissioned major June 22d, and soon after- wards was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. In the remaining engagements of the year the regiment bore manfully its part of hardship and fighting. In the final campaign, and almost to the very day of Lee's, surrender, it was at the front, winning new laurels by its gallantry. On the 11th of April it commenced the march to Washington, where, after participating in the Grand Review, it was mustered out of service on the 28th of May. Colonel Madill, in the " Introductory" to Chaplain Craft's history of the regiment, speaking of its members, says : " Through the thirty-three battles in which they fought they never became demoralized, or willingly turned their back to the- foe.'' The same authority states: "The records of the State Department show that it sacri- ficed more men upon the altar of its country's needs than any other regiment in the service, save one, and that a regiment that entered the service with a good many more men." The total number borne upon the rolls of the regiment was ten hundred and thirty-six. Of these, one hundred and fifty-six were killed or died of wounds, four hundred and four were wounded, seventy-five were reported captured or missing and eighty-two died of disease. Its brave commander, Colonel Madill, for gallant and meritorious services in the field, was breveted brigadier-general in 1864, and a major-general in April, 1865. Company F. — As has already been stated, Susque- hanna County furnished two companies to the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment—" F " and " H." The history of their service in the field is but a recapitulation of the service of the regiment; and the writer, in the limited space at his disposal, can only briefly refer to their organization, and a few matters of local interest to surviving members and friends of the two companies. About the middle of July, 1862, H. F. Beardsley, of New Milford, and A. A. Hempstead, of Brooklyn, having received au- thority from Governor Curtin, began to enlist men for a "three years'" company. In this they were assisted by E. B. Brainard, of Gibson, and others, and on August 22d, a sufficient number being enrolled, they were directed to rendezvous at New Milford, prepared to leave at once for Harrisburg. On that day ninety-six men reported, who were principally from the townships of New Milford, Brooklyn, Lathrop, Gibson, Harford, Jackson, Thomson and Great Bend. They repaired to the Academy building, where a company organization was perfected by the election of Henry F. Beardsley, captain; Albert A. Hempstead, first lieutenant; and Elisha B. Brainard, second lieutenant. After its organization the com- pany sat down to a bountiful repast provided by the citizens of New Milford, after which appropriate addresses were made; and then, with tearful adieus and lingering hand-clasps, the company marched to the depot, where the train was in waiting, and pro- ceeded to Scranton. The next day, being joined by Company " H," they reached Harrisburg ; on the 24th they passed the medical examination, and on Monday, the 25th of August, they were mustered into the United States service, and became Company " F" of the regiment. That it bore well its part through the terrible ordeals the regiment passed through, is attested by a glance at the " muster-out " roll of the company which follows. At Chancellorsville, where half the regiment were killed and wounded, the losses in Company " F " were seven killed, or died of wounds, and nineteen wounded — being more than one-eighth of the total casualties in the regiment. Again at Gettysburg, when forty-nine of the regiment were killed, six of the number were from Company " F." Of the officers of the company, space admits of but brief notice. Captain Beardsley was dis- charged June 8, 1864, by special order of the War Department, on account of disability. (See personal sketch.) Lieutenant A. A. Hempstead was the son of G. D. and Mary L. Hempstead, of Brooklyn, and was born in Dimock, March 8, 1835. Previous to entering the service he was engaged in selling fruit trees. When the regiment left Poolsville, in October, 1862, Captain Beardsley was left there sick, and Lieutenant Hempstead had command of the company on the march to Falmouth, and until just before the battle of Fredericksburg, when Captain Beardsley returned. He was with the company at Fredericksburg, and was one of the officers detailed to hold the advance picket line while the army withdrew. But during the winter he suffered from disabilities contracted by exposure in the field, and on the 10th of February, 1863, he was honorably discharged from the service. He resides at Lemon, Wyoming County, where, for several years, he has been engaged in farming. He is a member of Reynolds Post, No. 98, G. A. R., of Tunkhannock, Pa. Lieutenant E. B. Brainard is the son of Lewis and Louisa Brainard, and was born in Gibson, January 26, 1840. He was engaged in farming, and teach- ing school winters, at the time of his entering the service. He was promoted to first lieutenant December 5, 1863, and when Adjutant Searle was discharged, on account of wounds, Lieutenant Brain- ard was promoted to adjutant, in which position he served to the close of the war. In 1869 he moved to Kansas — first to Bourbon Co., and afterwards, in 1871, to Butler, where, two years afterwards, he was elected commissioner, and served two years. In 1875 he was elected treasurer of the county, and re-elected in 1877. He is at present engaged in farming and stock-raising, and resides at Brainard, Butler Co., Kansas. Captain Nelson J. Hawley is the only son of Joseph W. and Sally Hawley, and was born in Brooklyn, September 14, 1841. At the time of his enlistment he was preparing himself for the ministry, and attempting, by his own unaided efforts, to obtain THE REBELLION. 237 an education that would fit him for that high calling. But the war came, and to respond to the call of his country seemed his highest duty, and he enlisted in Company " F." He was promoted to corporal, and placed in charge of the pioneer corps of the regiment. He was afterwards promoted to sergeant, to first sergeant, and on February 14, 1865, he was com- missioned captain of the company, and served as such to the close of the war. After the war he com- pleted his studies at Wyoming Seminary, and soon afterwards joined the Wyoming Conference. He successfully continued his pastoral calling until his health failed, and in January, 1886, he removed to Grove Park, Florida, where he now resides. Lieutenant Salmon S. Hager is a son of Nelson Hager, and at the time of his enlishment was residing in New Milford borough. Upon the appointment of Lieutenant Bramard to be Adjutant of the Begiment, he was, on July 2, 1864, promoted from Sergeant to First Lieutenant, and took command of the Company. At the engagement at Deep Bottom, on the 16th of August, following, he was captured, and remained a prisoner in the enemy's hands until April 14, 1865, when he was exchanged. After Lieutenant Hager's capture, Sergeant George B. Besseguie commanded the Company for a time. After the war Lieutenant Hager engaged for a time in the mercantile business, and then entered the employ of the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western Bailroad Company as station agent at Gouldsboro', Pa. He was elected, in 1886, a member of the Legislature from Wayne County. Company H.- — About the same time that men were enrolling themselves in the eastern part of the county in Company F, Casper W. Tyler and Daniel W. Searle, two rising young lawyers of Montrose, com- menced recruiting men for a Company. The meeting held at the court-house, July 21, of which we have already made mention, was called at their suggestion. Enlistments were rapid, and, besides the gentlemen named, Aaron Bunnell, of Auburn, was instrumental in enlisting a number from that town. On the 16th of August the men met at the court-house in Mon- trose and organized the Company by electing Casper W. Tyler, captain ; Daniel W. Searle, first-lieutenant, and Aaron Bunnell, second-lieutenant. The men were principally from Montrose, Auburn, Bridgewa- ter, Franklin, Liberty, Silver Lake, Forest Lake, Bush, Dimock and Springville. On the 22d the Company re-assembled at Montrose preparatory to leaving for Harrisburg, and a large concourse of citi- zens assembled to witness their departure ; and thus, not only by their presence, but by words and acts did they evince their interest in the brave men who were about to go forth to battle for their country and flag. In the afternoon they took cars for Scranton, and the following day, with Company F, proceeded to Harris- burg. After their medical examination they were mus- tered into the United States service on Tuesday, August 26th, and became Company H of the Begiment. Of its valor, its sacrifices, its achievements, they are recorded with the history of the Begiment, to which every member of the Company can point with pride. Almost every battle-field from Fredericksburg, to Appomattox w,as stained by the blood of some of its members. We make the following brief mention of its officers : Captain Tyler was wounded at Chan- cellorsville and Gettysburg, and after the death of Major Spalding, he was, June 22, 1864, promoted to Major, and in July following, upon the death of Col- onel Watkins, to Lieutenant-Colonel. On the 1st of March, 1865, his disabilities unfitting him for duty in the field, he was honorably discharged from the ser- vice. He returned to Montrose and resumed the practice of his profession, but in 186 — removed to Meadville, Crawford County, Pa., where he now re- sides. He is a prominent member of the bar, and has represented that county in the State Legislature. Lieutenant Searle, as noted in the history of the regiment, was, upon its organization, promoted to Adjutant, the responsible duties of which position he filled with such marked efficiency as to elicit the commendation of his superior officers. The duties of his position brought him in constant contact with the officers and men of the regiment, and although as its " executive " officer, those duties were sometimes un- pleasant, both to them and himself, yet no officer was more popular, and his long form will long remain in their remembrance. x Lieutenant Bunnell was one of those who were obliged to succumb to the exposure and exhaustion of that first night's march to Chain Bridge; and broken in health and unfitted for duty, he resigned September 22, 1862, and returned to Auburn. He subsequently removed to Bussell Hill, Wyoming County, where he now resides. Lieutenant Logan C. Tyler was a native of Mon- trose, where he was born June 22, 1836, and was a cousin of Captain Tyler. Upon the organization of the company he was made " Orderly "-Sergeant, and upon the promotion of Lieutenant Searle, and resig- nation of Lieutenant Bunnell, he was, September 22, 1862, promoted to First Lieutenant of the company. Being on detached service at the time the battle of Fredericksburg was fought, he was not present ; and when the regiment started for Chancellorsville, al- though suffering from rheumatism and advised to go to the hospital, he refused to be left behind. On the Sunday morning of that fatal 3d of May, during the fierce fighting of the regiment in the woods in front of the Chancellor House, Lieutenant Tyler having stooped down to give a drink of water to one of the men of his company who was severely wounded, was in the act of rising when he was struck by a minie- ball in the right temple and instantly killed. His loss was sincerely mourned in the regiment, and every 1 He was wounded at Gettysburg, on account of which he was honor- ably discharged, June 2, 1864. (See personal sketch.) 238 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. man in his company felt he had lost a friend and a brother. Captain John L. Gyle was promoted from Sergeant to Second Lieutenant December 10, 1862; to First Lieutenant, December 5, 1863; and to Captain, July 4, 1864, in which position he served to the close of the war. While in the ranks, and as commander of the •company, he had the respect of his fellow-soldiers and the confidence of his superior officers. He resides .at Auburn, Pa., where he is engaged in farming. Lieutenant B. B. Atherton was promoted from .Sergeant to First Lieutenant August 10, 1864. He was wounded at Spottsylvania, but served with the company until the close of the war. COMPANY F, ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY -FIRST REGIMENT. Mustered into service August 25, 1862, unless otherwise stated; mustered out May 28, 1865. Capt. Henry F. Beardbley, Aug.,26, '62; disch. for disability by S. 0. War Department June 8, '64 (seepersonal sketch). ■Capt Nelson J. Hawley, pr. to capt. Feb. 14, '65 ; mus. out with Co. 1st Lt. Albert A. Hempstead, Aug. 26, '62; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 10, '63. 1st Lt. Elisha B. Brainard, Aug. 27, '62 ; pr. from 2d It. Dec. 5, '63; to adjt. July 1, '64 ; mua. out with reg. 1st Lt. Salmon S. Hager, pr. from sergt. July 2, '64 ; pris. from Aug. 16, '64, to April 14, '65 ; mus. out with Co. 1st Sergt. Richard H. Kent, died May 14, '63, of wds. received at Chan- cel lorsville, Ya. 1st Sergt. George R. Resseguie, wd. at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, '63 ; pr. from sergt. Feb. 14, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Sergeants. "Wm. H. Doolittle, wd. at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, '63 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '64. Jackson B. Ferris, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Philip Peckins, died July 9, '63, of wds. received at Gettysburg, Pa. Augustus J. Roper, wd. at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, '63 ; killed at Petersburg, Sept. 11, '64. David T. Salsbury, pr. to sergt. July 2, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Ellis W. Steadman, wd. at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63, and at Au- burn Oct. 13, '63 ; pr. to sergt. Sept. 12, '64 ; mus. out with Co. -John A. Brown, pr. to sergt. Feb. 14, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Henry M. Stearns, wd. at Poplar Grove Church, Ya., Oct. 2, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 15, '65. Corporals. Edwin A. Leonard, capt'd at Poolsville, Md., Nov. 28, '62; pr. to corp. July 2, '64; mus. out with Co. ■Charles H. Tripp, capt'd at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63; wd. at Wilderness May 6, '64 ; pr. to corp. July 3, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Leander Brooks, pr. to corp. Dec. 5, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Urbane T. Hall, pr. to corp. July 2, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Christopher C. Nicholas, capt'd at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63 ; pr. to corp. July 2, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 25, '65. ■George Taylor, pr. to corp. Sept. 12, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Elisha M. Skinner, pr. to corp. Feb. 16, '65 ; mus. out with Co. -Julius H. Burr, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; pr. to corp. Feb. 16, '65 ; mus. out with Co. John H. Green, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 12, '63. Benjamin F. Barnes, wd. at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63; tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 15, '64. Jerome Davison, wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; tr, to V. R. C. Jan. 11, '64. Price F. Miller, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63 ; tr. to V. R. C. Dec. 25, '64; disch. June 28, '65, by G. 0. William P. Brainard, died at Poolsville, Md., Nov. 1, '62. Frederick D. Young, died Dec. 14, '62 ; bur. at Washington, D. C. Musicians. Nelson D. Coon, pris. from May 3, '63, to Oct. 10, '63 ; mus. out with Co. William H. Nutt, disch. by G. 0. June 12, '65. Privates. Aldrich, Moaes B., tr. to V. R. C. May 15, '65 ; disch. July 6, '65, by G. 0. Adams, Jacob B., wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; tr. to V. R. C. April 14, '64. Austin, John C, tr. to 57th Reg. P. Y. ; date unknown. Baldwin, Albert J., wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 j mus. out with Co. Bennett, Wm. H. H., disch. on surg. cert. May 15, '63. Barnes, Myron, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 20, '63. Bonner, Philander J., capt'd at Poolsville, Md., Nov., '62 ; wd. at Chan- cellorsville May 3, '63 ; tr. to V. B.C. May 15, '64. Burchel, Warren, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, *63 ; killed at Peters- burg, Va., June 22, '04. Benton, Manger, missing in action at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64. Chrispell, Hiram, wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; tr. to V. R. C. Aug. 26, '64. Crandall, Wm. J., died May 21, '64, of wds. received at Spotsylvania Court House ; bur. at Arlington. Duren, Daniel D., disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 18, '62 ; re. Aug. 19, '64 ; wd. at Poplar Grove Oh., Va. ; mus. out with Co. Doughty, Adelmer, wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63, and at Wilderness May 6, '64 ; disch. by S. 0. May 16, '65. Doloway, John W., disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 8, '63. Davison, Orimel S., wd. and capt'd at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63 ; di«d at Richmond, Va , Jan. 24, '04. French, Edson M., wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; tr. to V. R. C. Nov. 1, '6:i ; disch. Aug. 24, '65. Green, Asa, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 3(J, '62. Gollaher, Patrick, disch. on surg. cert. May 15, '63. Goss, David S., tr. to 57th Reg. P. V. ; date unknown. Hawley, Francis, wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Hobbs, John M., disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 18, '63. Hempstead, John E., Dec. 16, '62 ; wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63 ; died at Phila. Aug. 28, '63, of his wds. Hughes, Cyrenius W., died Dec. 2, '62. Kenyon, Henry W., disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 23, '65. Linsey, Samuel, disch. on Burg. cert. Dec. 8, '62. Lindsey, Pardon T , disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 13, '62. Lewis, Nathan, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 18, '63. Lord, Asahel, disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 9, '62. Lord, John, disch. on surg. cert. May 15, '62. Lord, Enoch W., tr. to V. R. C. July 3, '64; disch. by G. 0. Nov. 22, '65. Loomis, Roscoe S., died May 19, '63, of wds. rec. at Chancellorsville, Ya. Martin, Nicholas, mus. out with Co. Merrill, Jonathan H., disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 25, '62. Miller, Harvey W., disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 12, '63. Melody, Henry, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63. Moss, Levi, missing in action at Wilderness May 6, '64. McRoy, James M., wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 4, '63. McDonald, Melanchton, killed at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, '63. Ousterhout, James T., mus. out with Co. Ousterhout, John, capt'd at Warrenton, Va., Nov. 18, '62 ; mus. out with Co. Oakley, Orrin A., mus. out with Co. Osborn, Wm. D., died July 24th, of wds. rec. at Gettysburg, Pa. Osman, Wm. E , tr. to 57th Regt. P. V. ; date unknown. Potter, Victor A., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Potter, Herman I., tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 30, '63. Phillips, Davis N, died Dec. 13, '62. Pierson, Phineas H., tr. to 57th Regt. P. Y. ; date unknown. Riker, John L., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63 ; tr. to V. R. C. Aug. 30, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, '65. Reynolds, John N , died Mar. 29, '63. Seely, Charles L., disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 6, '62. Squires, Jonathan, tr. to V. R. C. July 25, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. July 26, '65. Salsbury, Charles B.,tr. to Co. C, 57th Regt. P. V., May 28, 'Go. Saunders, Porry D., killed at Wilderness'jYIay 6, '64. Sweet, George M., wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; died July 13, '63, of wds. rec. at Gettysburg. Tewksbury, Wm. P., disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 25, '62. Tennant, John V., wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 27, '63. THE REBELLION. 239 Tennant, Orange W., disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 28, '62. Thayer, Christopher C, tr. to V. R. C. Nov. 13, '63 ; disch. by G. 0. July 5, '65. Tiffany, Linus N., killed at Chancellorsville May 3, '63. Trowbridge, Oscar, killed at Chancellorsville May 3, '63. Tennant, Eldridge G., tr. to 57th Regt. P. V. ; date unknown. Vanauken, Daniel, pris. from May 3 to Oct. 10, 1863 ; wd. at Wilderness May 6, '64 : disch. by G. 0. June 5, '65. Van Horn, Simon M., died Oct. 24, '62 ; bur. at Alexandria, Ya. Wilson, George A., mus. out with Co. Whitman, Jacob, pris. from May 3 to Oct. 25, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Wilniarth, C.C., died June 9, '63, of wds. rec. at Chancellorsville, Ya. COMPANY G. Corp. Theodore Fuller, wd. at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, '63 ; disch. by S. 0. Oct. 9, '63. COMPANY B. Bunt, Win. H., priv.; Aug. 22, '62 ; disch. for wds. rec. at Chancellors- ville May 3, '62 ; loss of limb. COMPANY H., ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY- FIRST REGIMENT. Mustered into service August 26, 1862, unless otherwise stated; mustered out May 28, 1865. Capt. Casper W. Tyler, Aug. 27, '62 ; pr. tomaj. June 22, '64 ; to lt.- col. July 4, '64 ; disch. on surg. cert Mar. 1, '65. Capt. John L. Gyle, pr. from sergt. to 2d It. Dec. 10, '62 ; to 1st It. Dec. 5, '63 ; to capt July 4, '64 ; mus. out with company. First Lieut. Daniel W. Searle, Aug. 27, '62; pr. to adjt. of regt. Aug. 29, '6a ; disch June 2, '64, for wds. rec. at Gettysburg, Pa. (See personal sketch.) First Lieut. Logan O. Tyler, pr. from lBt sergt. Sept. 22, '62 ; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63. First Lieut. B. B. Atherton, pr. from cor. to sergt. Sept. 23, '62 ; to 1st It. Aug. 10, '64 ; mus. out with compauy. Second Lieut. Aarou Bunnell, res. Sept. 22, '62. First Sergt. Parker J. Gates, pr. from priv. Sept. 23, '62 ; wd. at Poplar Grove Ch., Va., Oct. 2, '64 ; disch. G. 0. June 5, '65. John Harris, wd. at Wilderness, Va., May 6, '64 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Wm. Magee, mus. out with company. H. H. Daugherty, pr. from cor. June 30, '64 ; mus. out with company. Isaac Z. Babcock, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 27, '63. Philip E. Quick, pr. from cor. Mar. 1, '04 ; died May 19 of wds. rec. at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, '64 ; buried at Arlington, Va. Corporals. James H. Weaver, ab., sick, at mus. out. Albert B. Gates, mus. out with company. Thos. Hickock, pr. to cor. Sept. 23, '62 ; mus. out with company. Abram V. Alden, pr. to cor. Mar. 1, 64 ; mus. out with company. H. J, Millard, pr. to cor. June 30, '64 ; mus. out with company. Lorenzo W. Sullivan, pr. to cor. June 30, '64 ; mus. out with company. Horace A. Roberts, pr. to cor. June 30, '64 ; mus. out with company. Asa H. Decker, tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 1, '65. Jeremiah Hayes, tr. to V. R. C. Nov. 15, '64. Frederick Fargo, Aug. 23, '62 ; tr. to V. R. C. Mar. 15, '64. Musicians. Geo. W. Hewett, mus. out with company. Geo. C. Hill, disch. on surg. cert ; re. in 1st N. Y. Mounted Rifles ; disch. June 17, '65. Privates. Avery, Charles, tr. to V. R. C. Feb. 15, '64 ; disch. Aug. 25,'65. Baker, Horace, mus. out with company. Bayley, Jas. H., disch. by G. 0. June 30, '65. Bookstaver, Chas. tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 31, '64. Bonnell, Anara A., Mar. 18, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th regt. P. V. May 28,'65. Baker Hiram V., Aug. 6, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th regt. P. V. May 28,'6o. Baker' Henry, Mar. 18, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th regt. P. V. May 28, '65. Beeman, Stephen S., Mar. 18, '64; tr. to Co. D, 57th Regt. P. V. ; disch. by G. O. May 26, '65. Carney, Henry D., must out with company. Carney, Geo. D., mus. out with company. Conrad, Ithamar, disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 30, '62. Cox, John, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 11, '62. Oonrad, John, tr. to V. C. R. Aug. 20, 63. Corwin, Adelbert, killed at Petersburg, Ya., June 17, '64; buried at City Point. Chapman, Geo , killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Carter, Hiram, Mar. 18, '64; died at Brattleboro' , Vt., Aug. 3, '64 ; bur- ied in Soldiers' Cemetery. Corwin, Gilbert, mis. in action at Boydton Plank Road, Ya., Oct. 27, '64. Conger, Hampton A., Mar. 18, '64 ; tr. to Co. D, 5th Regt. P. Y. May 28, '65. Dewitt, Alexander, mus. out with company. Daley, Patrick, mus. out with company. Davis, Thos.., Mar. .18, '64 ; disch. Dec. 23 for wds., with loss of arm, rec. at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May \t, '64. Darrow, Jonathan C, killed at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, 1863. Darrow, Lewis F., died at Washington, D . C, Dec. 18, '62. Delameter, Jacob, mis. in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Eckert, Jonathan M., died Feb. '65 ; buried in Poplar Grove Cemetery, Petersburg, Va. Grant, Henry, mus. out with company. Garey, Samuel, mus. out with company May 28, '65. Goodsell, Nathan, absent, sick, at mus. out. Gates, Wm. S., disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 7, '63. Gates, Elwood F., disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 6, '62; re. in Co. H, 89th N. Y. ; killed at Rice Station. Gates, Harlan W., diBCh. on surg. cert. Dec. 6, '62. Gary, Joseph, Mar. 19, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th P. V. May 28, '65. Hyna, Dutch, mus. out with company May 28, '65. Hill, Michael G., pr. to principal muc. Dec. 31, '64; mus. out with regt. Hill, Oliver B., killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Hobbs, Asahel, Mar. 18, '64 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 28 ; wds. rec. at Wilderness. Hotel, Wm., died near Falmouth, Ya., Feb. 26, '63. Hast, Henry S., tr. to 57th Regt. P. V., date unknown. Kishpaugh, Richard M., Mar. 16, '64 ; must out with company. Kunkle, John W., died Aug. 8, wds. rec. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2,'63. Kellogg, Henry N., Mar. 18, '04 ; wd. ; tr. to Co. D, 57th Regt. P. V., May 28, '65 ; disch. by G. O. June 3, '65. Lott, Leander, tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 1, '65. Lillie, Merritt, Mar. 18, '64; tr. to Co. D, 57th Regt. P. V., May 28, '65 ; disch. by G. O. June 17, '65. Lemon, Jason, Mar. 18, '64 ; tr. to Co. D, 57th Regt. P. V, May 28, '65. Markham, William 0., disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 6, '62 ; re. in 5th N. Y. Cav. Millard, Stephen, Mar. 28, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 17, '65. Marshall, Chas. H., disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 20, '63. Marshall, Benjamin C, tr. to Co. I, 10th Regt. V. R. C, Sept. 30, '64; disch. by G. 0. June, '65. Mackey, Joseph, tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 30, '64. McShere, Barney, mus. out with company May 28, '65. McLeod, John, disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 21, '62. McSherer, Joseph, tr. to Co. F, 19th Regt. V. R. C, Sept. 30, '64 ; disch. by G. 0., July 13, '65. Oliver, Matthias C, mus. out with company May 28, '65. Overfield, John B., Mar. 18, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., May 28, 1865. Peet, Wm. H., mus. out with company May 29, '65. Palmer, Theron, disch. by G. 0. May 17, '65. Perkins, Chas.,tr. to V. R. C. Nov. 15, '63. Peaaley, James A., tr. to V. R. C. Aug. 20, '63 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. Peasley, Christopher C, tr. to V. R. C. Nov. 15, '63. Palmer, Jacob, tr. to 57th Regt. P. V ; date unknown. Pickett, A. N., Mar. 18,'64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., May 28, '65. Ransom, Wm., tr. to Randolph Battery, R. I. Art., Feb. 17, '63. Ralston, John, disch. on surg. cert. Rice, Geo. W., disch. on surg. cert. May 23, '63 ; re. in Co. I, 102d P. V. ; disch. June 28, '65, by S. 0. Rifenbury, John C, disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 16, '63. Stade, Frederick W., mus. out with company. Stockholm, John J., mus. out with company. Spencer, Benjamin N., disch. by S. 0. Mar 1, '65. Snow, Alpheus, disch. by G. 0. May 15, '65. Sodan> John H., tr. to V. R. C. Aug. 20, '63. Sinsebaugh, Egbert, tr. to V. R. C. June 15, '64. 240 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Stare, Goo., tr. to 53d Co., Y. E. C, June 15, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. Nov. 25, '65. Stillwell, John, died Nov. 2, '64, of wda. reo. at Poplar Grove Gh., Va., Oct. 2, '64. Spencer, Francis A., Dec. 31, '63 ; pr. to hos. steward, U. S. A., July 6, '64. Sterling, Chas. D., Mar. 18, '64 ; died Feb. 15, '64. Taylor, Win. A., pr. to hos. steward, U. S. A., July 6, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., May 25, '65. Tarbox, David II., disch. on Surg. cert. April 6, '64. Thornton, Wra. G., disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 10, '64. Tarbox, Win. W., tr. to Co. G, 3d Regt. V. R. 0., Nov. 1, '63 ; disch. by G. 0. July 22, '65. Treible, Peter A., died at Washington, D. C, Nov. 23, '62. Treible, Moses, died at Waterloo, Va., Nov. 10, '62. Uptegrove, Levi, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Vanaradale, Wra. S., disch. by G. 0. May 15, '65. Vaness, Chas. H., disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 20, '63. Wiles, Warren, absent, sick, at mus. out. Wiles, Martin, absent, sick, at mus. out. Warner, Sidney, disch. on surg. cert. Wiles, John, Mar. 28, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th Eegt. P. V., May 28, '65. Winans, Silas, Mar. 18, '64 ; tr. to Co. H, 57th Kegt. P. V., May 28, '65. One Hundred and Forty-third Regiment.— This regiment was recruited in the county of Luzerne with the exception of about two companies, which were furnished by the counties of Susquehanna, Wyoming and Lycoming. The men from Susque- hanna County were principally in Companies B and H, the latter company being entirely recruited from this county, although during its term of service a number of drafted men were assigned to it. There were in Company B about seventy-five men from the county, most of them being from the southeastern part. The companies from Luzerne County rendezvoused at a camp about three miles from Wilkes-Barre, and on the 18th of October, 1862, a regimental organization was effected by the choice of the following field- officers: Edmund L. Dana, colonel; George E. Hoyt, lieutenant-colonel; and John D. Musser, major. Colonel Dana had seen service in the Mexi- can War and at the time was a major-general of militia. The regiment, therefore, had the good for- tune to enter the service under the command of an officer familiar with military drill and discipline. On the 7th of November the regiment broke camp and proceeded to Harrisburg, where, after receiving guns and equipments, it was ordered to Washington, and upon its arrival was placed in the defences of the city. Here it remained during the winter, and on the 17th of February, 1863, it was ordered to join the Army of the Potomac, and proceeded to Belle Plain. Here it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division of the First Corps, and became associated with the One Hundred and Forty-ninth and One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Regiments. The preparations for the spring campaign being completed, on the 27th of April the regiment broke camp and, with the First Corps, moved to Pollock's Mills, below Fredericks- burg. On the 29th the regiment was under a brisk cannonade from the south bank of the Rappahannock, and on the morning of May 2d it started for Chan- cellorsville and, after a long and fatiguing march, reached the battle-field at midnight. The First Corps went into position on the extreme right of the army. At five o'clock on the morning of the 3d the enemy attacked in heavy force, but to the left of the position occupied by the regiment, and although momentarily expecting to be called on to repel the enemy, the regiment and corps were not seriously en- gaged during the Chancellorsville fights. On the 6th the regiment re-crossed the river and, after a tedious march, reached Falmouth on the 8th, where it went into camp. Here it rested for a month and then started on the Gettysburg campaign, and on the night of June 30 bivouacked four miles from Get- tysburg. On the 1st of July it was early in motion and soon the sound of artillery greeted their ears, as Buford's cavalry struck the rebel advance. At a little before noon the brigade went into position on a ridge beyond the Theological Seminary under a heavy fire, the One Hundred and Forty-third forming on the line of railroad. It was early in this action that the gallant and lamented Reynolds was killed and Colonels Stone and Wister wounded, leaving the com- mand of the brigade to Colonel Dana, of the One Hundred and Forty-third. Bates, in his account of the battle and the part taken by the One Hundred and Forty-third, says : " A terrific fire of infantry and artillery was brought to bear upon the position, but it was manfully held, though the dead and wounded on every hand told at what a fearful cost. Repeated charges were made with even fresh troops, but each was repulsed with fearful slaughter." Later in the day, by a flank movement, the brigade was forced to fall back to a position near the Seminary. When the order for this movement was given the same authority states : " The color-bearer of the regiment and many of the men could with difficulty be made to face to the rear, seeming determined to die rather than yield the ground. In executing this movement the color- bearer, Sergeant B. H. Crippin, of Company E, was the last to move and was killed in the act, still clinging to his standard. The flag was rescued and brought safely off." On the afternoon of the 2d, during the fierce attack of the rebels on the Third Corps, Colonel Dana's brigade was ordered to its sup- port under a heavy fire of shot and shell from the enemy's batteries. It took a position in the open field on the left centre of the Third Corps, where it threw up works and rested for the night. At daylight of the 3d the enemy's artillery opened, and at one o'clock p.m. every rebel gun was concentrated upon the Union front and a perfect tempest of solid shot and shell was rained upon it preparatory to the last grand infantry charge, which was completely re- pulsed and the battle of Gettysburg was won. Re- ferring to Bates, we find : " The regiment entered this fight with four hundred and sixty-five men, rank and file. Of these, the killed, and missing in action, supposed to be killed, was forty-seven ; and the wounded and prisoners were two hundred and five, an aggregate loss of two hundred and fifty -two, more THE REBELLION. 241 than half of its entire strength." It participated in the movements following the retreat of Lee and on the 19th of October, at Haymarket, it had a sharp encounter with the enemy, in which his advance was handsomely repulsed. During the fall campaign more than three hundred recruits were received in the regiment, bringing its aggregate strength up to nearly five hundred and fifty. Late in December the regiment went into winter-quarters at Culpeper, after eight months of active and severe campaigning. In the reorganization of the army for the campaign of 1864 the One Hundred and Forty- third became part of the First Brigade, First Divi- sion, Fifth Corps. On the 4th of May the regiment broke camp for the Wilderness campaign, and on the 5th was engaged in a fierce battle with the enemy. Colonel Dana had his horse shot under him, was wounded and taken prisoner ; and Lieutenant Michael Keenan, of Company H, was mortally wounded. It was hotly engaged on the 6th, and for several successive days it was in the thickest of the fight, repeatedly charging the enemy and as often being compelled to withstand their fierce assaults. "With its face ever to the foe, it finally came with Grant to the siege of Petersburg, and in the advance on the 18th of June it again met the enemy and won new laurels. During the operations of the army be- fore Petersburg and its successful raids for the de- struction of the Weldon Railroad, it bore a conspicu- ous part. It was the middle of December before the regiment went into winter-quarters. In the prelim- inary movements of the final campaign, in the spring of 1865, it participated ; and at Hatcher's Run the ODe Hundred and Forty-third was engaged and suf- fered severely. It returned to its former camp, and on the 9th of February it was detached from the corps, and, in company with three other regiments of the brigade, all greatly reduced by hard fighting, but of the most trusted troops, were ordered North for special service. It was sent to Hart's Island, in New York Harbor, and there, and on other special duty, it was engaged until June 20, 1865, when it was finally discharged. Company H. — As before stated, Company H of this regiment was recruited entirely from this county, and mainly through the efforts of John C. Morris, an in- fluential citizen of Middletown, whose efforts were ably seconded by Michael Keenan, also a resident of that township. The men were from Middletown, Apolacon, Choconut, Forest Lake, Rush, Jessup and Friendsville Borough. So rapidly did the men en- list that, just three weeks from the time Mr. Morris commenced to recruit for the company, it was en route for Harrisburg. It met at Friendsville on the last days of August, 1862, and organized by electing John C. Morris, captain ; Michael Keenan, first lieu- tenant; and B. F. Babcock, second lieutenant. It left for Harrisburg on the 3d of September, and on 16 the 6th was mustered into the United States service. Before becoming a part of the One Hundred and Forty-third Regiment it was sent with the militia to participate in the movements preceding and subse- quent to the battle of Antietam, after which it joined its fortunes with the One Hundred and Forty-third, and shared its hardships and its glory. Captain Morris was born in Otsego County, N. Y., February 11, 1822, and was from good old Revolu- tionary stock. He came to Middletown in 1858 and was one of the foremost citizens of that township, as well as the county. Engaged in the peaceful pur- suits of agriculture, it was only at the urgent and necessitous call of his country that he decided to sever his delightful family connections and, in com- pany with his neighbors and friends, go to the front in defence of the flag and his country's honor. Re- fusing merited promotion, that he might remain with his " boys," he was finally compelled, by disease brought on by exposure in camp and on field, to re- sign, and on the 16th of April, 1854, he was honor- ably discharged from the service on surgeon's certifi- cate of disability, but he continued to exercise a fath- erly interest in the " boys " of his company until the close of the war. Captain Morris was an influential member of the State Board of Agriculture, and at the time of his death was serving his third term as presi- dent of the State Agricultural Society. In 1878 he was elected a member of the Legislature of Pennsyl- vania, and served in that body in the sessions of 1879-80. His death, in 1872, was doubtless the re- sult of disabilities incurred in the army, and thus, at the age of sixty, he passed away, another invaluable sacrifice to home and country. Of the other commissioned officers of the com- pany from this county, we have already alluded to the death of the gallant Keenan, and Captain W. T. White died some four years ago in one of the Western States. First Lieutenant E. L. Rhinevault is an hon- ored resident of the county, and Asa Warner, its efficient orderly, still lives to recount the honorable service of his company. The capture and escape of Sergeant Frank E. Foster is an interesting episode, and the promotion of W. A. Southwell to captain in the Twenty-ninth, and M. S. Towne to first lieutenant in the Forty-fifth United States Colored Troops, evidenced the material of which Company H was made. Company B. — The men from this county who en- listed in Company B, as already intimated, were from the eastern part of the county — mostly from Clifford, Dundaff and that immediate vicinity. Its first cap- tain was Joseph H. Sornberger, who did not belong to this county, and resigned early in 1863. He was succeeded in the command by William G. Graham, a native of Clifford, who was also discharged in Octo- ber, 1863. He was succeeded in command of the company by Jacob M. Lingfelter, of Clifford, who commanded the "boys" until they were mustered 242 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. out, June 12, 1865. Of the other commissioned offi- cers we have but meagre history. Paul R. Bar- riger, who enlisted in August, 1862, was discharged in July, 1864, as second lieutenant of the company. He is an honored resident of Great Bend township, and well known in the county. That the record of Company B, One Hundred and Forty-third Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, is an honorable one no one will doubt after glancing over its record, which follows : COMPANY B, ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT. Musteted into service August 26, 1862, unless otherwise slated; mustered out June 12, 1865. Capt. William G. Graham, pr. from 1st It. Feb. 4, '63 ; disch. Oct. 26/63. Capt. Jacob M. Lingfelter, pr. from 1st sergt. to 2d It. July 1, '63 ; to 1st It. Feb. 9, '64 ; to capt. Feb. 29, '64 ; urns, out with Co. June 12, '65. 2d Lt. Paul R. Barrager, pr. from sergt. to lBt sergt. Aug. 15, '63 ; to 2d It. Feb. 15, '84 ; disch. July 29, '64. 2d Lt. Martin Chandler, pr. from cor. to sergt. Oct. 6, '63 ; to lBt Bergt. June 3, '64 ; to 2d It. Sept. 25, '64 ; mus. out with Co. June 12, '65. 1st Sergt. John H. Lingfelter, pro. to sergt. Feb. '64 ; to 1st sergt. Sept. 25, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Sergeants. De Witt C. Graham, pr. to cor. Jan. 15, '63 ; to, sergt. July 16, 1864 ; mus. out with Co. Avery Harris, pr. to cor. Aug. 15, '64 ; to sergt. Oct. 16, '64 ; muB. out with Co. Henry F. Bennett, pr. to cor. Aug. 15, '63 ; to sergt. Dec. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. N. W. Butterfield, pr. from cor. Feb. '64 ; tr. to V. R. C. March, '65. Haddick Sullender, pr. from cor. Jan. 15, '63 ; died May 2, '6 J. Owen Philips, pr. to cor. Jan. 15, '63 ; to sergt, July 1, '63 ; died of wds. rec. at Wildernesa, Va., May 9, '64. Corporals. William H. Cole, pr, to cor. Aug. 15, '63 ; ab. sick at mue. out. Anthony Clarkson, pr. to cor. ; mus. out with Co. David R. Anthony, pr. to cor. Nov. 10, '63 ; mus. out with Co. William T. Chandler, pr. to cor. Dec. 15, '64 ; mus. out with Co. William Sweet, pr. to cor. April 15, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Leonard C. Wilbur, pr. to cor. April 15, '65 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Henry Ulrich, died July 12th of wds. rec. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, *63. Musician. H. C. Yarrington, pr. to principal muc. March 1, '65. Privates. Aberti, Alonzo, ab. sick at mus. out. Albright, Dexter, mus. out with Co. Adams, Seth H., pris. from May 6, '64, to Feb. 26, '65 ; disch. on surg. cert. June 13, '65. Albright, Alonzo, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 29, '63. Anderson, Thomas, Aug. 20, '63 ; died May 26. '63. Baker, Martin E., Aug. 20, '63 ; disch. on surg. cert. June 7, '65. Baker, Almond, Feb. 29, '64; mus. out with Co. Burrett, Payson, April 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Brown, George W., March 2, '64 ; died April 5, '64. Carpenter, Elijah, March 7, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Carpenter, Freeman, March 7, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Chandler, Frederick B., not with Co. at mus. out. Clarkson, William, not with Co. at mus. out. Carpenter, Harding, March 7, '65 ; died in New York March 26, '65. Darrow, Orlando, Feb. 29, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Dowd, William, March 7, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Dopp, George M., tr. to Battery B, 43d Regt. F. V., Jan. 9, '64. Farnham, Kind L , died Jan 17, '64. Felts, William L., March 2, '64 ; died of wds. rec. at Wilderness, Ya., May 6, '64. Gardner, Eliphalet S., not with Co. at mus. out. Hardy, Ira, Jan. 28, '64 ; sub. ; disch. by special order. Hunter, John H., mus. out with Co. Hunter, Thadd. W., March 2, '64; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Hull, George, March 2, '64; ab. sick at mus. out; vet. Hull, Frank E., March 7, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Hartley, James P., March 7, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Hotford, Ferdinand J., tr. to Battery B, 43d Regt. P. V., Dec. 28, '63. Ingham, Stephen T., Aug. 11, '62; mus. out with Co. Johnson, Leroy, Feb 29, '64 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Lindsley, Edgar, wd. at Gettysburg ; mus. out with Co. Lingfelter, Samuel F., March 2, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Lake, Charles, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 29, '63. Low, Henry P., tr. to Y. R. C. Oct. 1, '63. Lathrop, C. H., tr. to V. R. C. Nov., '64 ; disch. by G. 0. July 27, '65. Lingfelter, Charles F., March 2, *64 ; died Sept. 19, '64 ; bur. in Cypres* Hill Cem., L. I. Mahoney, John, disch. on surg. cert. March 9, '65. McKivett, William not with Co. at mus. out. Miller, Levi B., capt'd ; died Aug. 15, *64, at Andersonville, Ga. Payne, George L., March 2, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Pattent, George, March 31, '64 ; tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 1, '65. Pattent, Peter, March 2, '64 ; tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 9, *65 ; disch. by G. July 21, '65. Payne, Ichabod, March 2, '64 ; died July 21, '64 ; bur. at Point Look- out, Md. Philbine, Thomas, March 15, '64 ; died of wds. rec. at Wilderness, Va. f May 6, '64. Rankins, Isaac, disch. on surg. cert. April 25, '65. Smith, John R., Jr., mus. out with Co. Smith, Jacob H., mus. out with Co. Shultz, Christopher E., mus. out with Co. Simpson, George, mus. out with Co. Smith, Charles H., mus. out with Co. Sutliff, Solomon, tr. to Battery B, 43d Regt. P. V., Jan. 9, '64. Smith, John R., tr. to V. R. C. Jan. 29, '64. Seely, William, not with Co. at mus. out. Truesdell, John, mus. out with Co. June 25, '65. Whipple, Truman. March 2, '64; mus. out with Co. "Williams, Frank, died May 13, '63. COMPANY H, ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT. Mustered into service Sept. 6, 1862, unless otkei-wise stated; mustered out June 12, 1865. Capt. John C. Morris, Sept. 18, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 16, *64. Capt. Benjamin F. Babcock, Sept. 27, '62 ; pr. from 2d to 1st lt. ; to capt. June 24, '64; res. Sept. 7, '64. Capt. Warren T. White, pr. from sergt. to 1st sergt. May 1, '63 ; to 1st It. June 23, '64 ; to capt. Sept. 25, '64 ; mus. out with company June 12. '65. First Lieut. Michael Keenan, Sept. 8, *62 ; com. capt. April 19, '64 ; not mus. ; died at Washington, D. C, June 1st, of wds. received at Wilderness, Va., May 6, '64. First Lieut. E. L. Rhinewault, pr. from priv. to sergt. May 1, '63 ; to 1st sergt. July 1, '64; to 1st lt. Sept. 25, '64 ; mus. out with company. First Sergt. Asa Warner, pr. to cor. Dec. '63 ; to 1st sergt. Sept. 25, '64 ; mus. out with company. Sergeants. Frank E. Foster, capt'd at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64 ; com. 2d lt. Sept 8, '64 ; not mus. ; disch. by G. 0. May 20, '65. Francis P. Ryan, pr. from cor. June 1, '63 ; wd. at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 10, '64 ; tr. to V. R. C. Feb. 21, '65 ; diach. on surg. cert. April 17, '65. Calvin L. Leet, pr. from cor. Nov. 25, '63 ; mus. out with company. Orange A. Baldwin, pr. from cor. July 1, '64 ; disch. Sept. 7, '65, exp. of term, Daniel Hawes, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 5, '63. Alanson W. Bissell, died at Windmill Point, Ya., June 1, *63. (See "Bissell" Post, G. A. R.) Corporals. Myron Bradshaw, pr. to cor. July 1, '64 ; mus. out with company. Miles D. Baldwin, pr. to cor. Sept. 25, '64 ; mus. out with company. George B. Strange, pr. to cor. Oct. 6, '64 ; mus. out with company. Frank Angell, pr. to cor. Jan. 16, '65 ; mus. out with company. Robert Booth, pr. to cor. Jan. 21, ! 65 ; mus. out with company. David H. Deuel, pr. to cor. Jan. 25, '65 ; mus. out with company. Mark B. Perigo, pr. to cor. May 22, '65 ; mus. out with company. Calvin L. Lincoln, pr. to cor. ; disch. on surg. cert. Jau. 16, '65. Oscar Caswell, pr. to cor. ; disch. by S. 0. May 21, '65. THE REBELLION. 243 Win. A. Southwell, pr. to cor. ; disch. by S. 0. Oct. 6, '64; pr. to capt. in 29th U. S. C. T. Joshua P. Miller, pr. to cor. ; tr. to V. E. C. June 31, '65. James Dean, pr. to cor. ; tr. to V. E. C. Dec. 5, '64 ; disch Sept. 6, '65. Amos James Geary, pr. to cor. ; died at Washington, D. G , Jan. 7, '63. Silas Light, pr. to cor. ; capt'd at Wilderness, Ya., May 5, '64 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 25, '64. Van Ness Small, killed at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64. Archie S. Horton, mus. out with company. John W, White, ab., sick, at mus. out. Geo. B. Smith, not with company at mus. out. Privates. Allen, Daniel, died at Windmill Point, Va., May 5, '65. Brink, David W., mus. out with company. Baxter, Geo. W., wd. at Petersburg, Va., June, '64 ; diBch , date unknown. Beebe, Amos C, mus. out with company. Beebe, David P., disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 11, '63. Beebe, Lewis, Sept. 17, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 11, '63. Baxter, Samuel S., disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 14, '63. Burbeck, John, died at Windmill Point, Va., April 23, '63. Burch, Lorenzo, Dec. 4, '62 ; substitute ; died April 3, '63. Barnum, Henry C, died at Baltimore, Md., July 18, '63, of wds. re- ceived at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Burbeck, Robert, died March, '64. Cook, Hiram, Sept. 17, '62 ; mus. out with company. Cunningham, D. J., mus. out with company. Casterline, Thos. E., Mar. 19, '64 ; mus. out with company. Carroll, John, disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 3, '64. Camp, Charles, tr. to V. E. C. April 14, '64. Caufleld, David A., Dec. 4, '62 ; substitute ; tr. to V. B. C. May 9, '63. Crocket, Geo. W., died at Ft. Schuyler, N. T., Aug. 24, '63, of wds. re- ceived at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Dunn, Wm. P., mus. out with company. Degnan, Peter, tr. to V. B C. Jan. 2, '65. Deuel, Wm. H., tr. to V. E. C. Feb. 16, '64. Eldred, Luther, disch. on surg cert. Feb. 8, '64. Estus, Wm. H., Mar. 19, '64 ; died at City Point, Va., Aug. 3, '64. Fitzgerald, Jas. E., disch. on surg. cert. June 6, '63. Gillen, Jas. S , Aug. 24, '63 ; mus. out with company. Glidden, John W., died at Jefferson, Md., July 5, '63. Gilroy, James, not with company at mus out. Hickey, Michael, capt'd at Wilderness, Ya., May 5, '64 ; disch. S. 0. June 13, '65. Hoadley, August P., tr. to V. R. C, date unknown. Heath, Hial, Sept. 17, '62 ; died at Alexandria, Va., July 9th, of wds. received at Wilderness, May 6, '64. Jenner, Walter, Sept. 17, '63 ; mus. out with company. Jenner, Henry, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 17, '63. Jones, Theron H., died at Windmill Point, Ya., April 26, '63. Jarvis, Bufus H., Sept. 19, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. H, 7th Ind. Vols., Oct. 25, '63. Lane, Dennis, Jr., mus. out with company. Lester, Ezra P., mus. out with company. Lynch, Thomas, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 10, '65. Larrabee, Truman G., Sept. 3, '63; drafted; capt'd at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64 ; died at Florence, S. C, Nov. 15, '64. Lepper, William F., died at Fredericksburg, Va., May 15th, of wdB. re- ceived at Wilderness, Va., May 6, '64. Mooney, John, pris.from May 5, '64, to Mar. 10, '65 ; disch. by G. O.June 29, 'G5. Millin, Patrick, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 14, '65. Moore, Jacob, tr. to V. E. C. April 4, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. July 5, '65. Mott, Alonzo, killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, '64 ; bur. in Poplar Grove Cem. McBoy, John, Sept. 17, '62 ; mus. out with company. McCrcary, Ed. P., pr. to sergt. Co. I Oct. 1, '63 ; to 1st It. Co. B Feb. 28, '64 ; disch. May 5, '64. McVinen, Andrew, not with company at mus. out. Porter, Henry M., died at Culpeper C. H., Va., Jan. 8, '64. Porter, Henry A., died April 21, '65. Porter, William A., Dec. 4, '62 ; drafted ; died at Culpeper C. H., Va., Jan. 7, '64. Eoss, Leonard B., mus. out with company. Eiley, Terence, disch. on surg cert. July 18, '63. Eing, Richard, Sept. 17, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 4, '64. Eagan, Jeremiah, Jr., disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 16, '63. Eochford, James, not with company at mus. out. Sheldon, Geo W., mus. out with company. Strange, James, disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 24, '63. Small, Charles, Sept 17, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 22, '68. Scribner, Frederick M., disch. on surg. cert, April 4, '64. Southwell, Wm. B., tr. to V. K. C. May 10, '63. Slauson, Edward B., tr. to V. E. C. Oct. 10, '64. Smith, Daniel, not with eompany at mus. out. Turrell, Leman, disch. on surg. cert. July 19, '63. Towne, Myron S., pr. to com. sergt. April 20, '64 ; to 1st It. V. S. C. T. ; to Brig. Q. M. ; mus. out Nov. 5, '65. West, Hobart E., disch. by G. 0. June 3, '65. Warner, Stanley B., disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 9, '64. Webster, Charles E., tr. to V. E. C. Dec. 19, '63. West, Charles A., died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 16, '63. Woodworth, Douglass, Dec. 4, '62 ; substitute ; died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 15, '64. COMPANY I. Private Leonard Gow, Mar. 20, '65 ; mus. out with company June 12, '65. COMPANY K. Cor. William N. Williams, Sept. 4, '62 ; died July 6, '63, of wds. received at Gettysburg, Pa. Privates. Steel, Balser, Sept. 1, '62 ; mus. out with company June 12, '65. Bell, Samuel E., Mar. 7, '65 ; mus. out with company June 12, '65. Palmer, Geo. W., not on muster-out roll. Seventeenth Cavalry. — Under the call of the President in July, 1862, Pennsylvania was required to furnish three regiments of cavalry. The Seven- teenth was one of the three thus called for, and was recruited in various sections of the State, no county furnishing more than one company. It was, therefore, a. representative regiment, and four of the companies composing it were from the "Northern tier," viz.: One each from the counties of Susquehanna, Bradford, Wayne and Luzerne. During September, and the early part of October, the companies rendezvoused at Camp Simmons, near Harrisburg ; and on the 18th of the latter month a regimental organization was effected, by the selection of J. H. Kellogg, colonel ; J. B. McAllister, lieuten- ant-colonel ; and D. B. Hartranft, Coe Durland and R. R. Reinhold, majors. Colonel Kellogg was a regular officer, being a captain in the First United States Cavalry ; and a few of the other officers and men had seen service in the Mexican War. But while most of the regiment were unskilled in the du- ties of a soldier, they were, to a marked extent, good horsemen. The regiment was ordered to Washing- ton on the 25th of November, and was soon after- wards ordered to the front. On the 22d of December its maiden engagement was had with Hampton's Legion, at Occoquan Creek, which was here driven and pursued for some distance. The regiment was actively engaged in scouting and picket-duty, and early in 1863 was as- signed to the Second Brigade of the First Cavalry Division of the Army of the Potomac, being associa- ted with the Sixth New York, Sixth United States and Eighth Pennsylvania Regiments, the brigade being under the command of Colonel — afterwards General — Thomas C. Devin. 244 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. In the Chancellorsville campaign the Seventeenth was one of the three cavalry regiments that moved with Hooker, the main cavalry force being dispatched to cut the enemy's communications and harass his rear. It was during the progress of this battle that the Seventeenth was placed in one of the most trying positions of its whole service. When Stonewall Jackson struck the Eleventh Corps on the evening of the 2d of May, and drove it in disorder back upon the Union lines, General Pleasanton, with the Seven- teenth and the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, hap- pened to be in the line of the rebel assault. In his report of that battle, the general says : "This remaining regiment (the Seventeenth) was composed of raw men, new troops. I had them formed in single lin e, with sabres drawn , with orders to charge in case the enemy came to the guns. . . . And thus was the mad onset of Jackson's army checked by artillery supported by a single line of raw cavalry. It was a trying position for the regiment, but the firm front presented saved the day, and enabled Hooker to re-form his chattered columns, and once more present an unbroken line." General Pleasan- ton, in a general order issued after the battle, pays this high compliment to the Seventeenth : " The coolness displayed by the Seventeenth Cavalry in rallying fugitives and supporting the batteries which repulsed the enemy's attack under Jackson on the evening of the 2d, has excited the highest admira- tion." During the month of June it was actively em- ployed with the cavalry of the enemy, and crossed sabres with them at Beverly and Kelly's Fords, and at Middleburg and Upperville. In the campaign that inscribed on its banner " Gettysburg " the Sev- enteenth bore a conspicuous part. General Buford was in command of the cavalry division of which the Seventeenth was a part. As they approached Gettysburg, the people hailed their presence with songs and other evidences of re- joicing. They were among the first troops that ar- rived on that memorable battle-field, and in the ac- tion of the 1st of July, General Pleasanton says, in his report : " Buford, with his four thousand cavalry, attacked Hill, and for four hours splendidly resisted his ad- vance, until Reynolds and Howard were able to hurry to the field and give their assistance. To the intre- pidity, courage and fidelity of General Buford and his brave division, the country and the army owe the field of Gettysburg." In the pursuit of Lee, after the battle of Gettysburg, the Seventeenth bore a con- spicuous part, and met the enemy in several sharp and close engagements ; and at Morton's Ford, Stev- ensburg, Brandy Station, Oak Hill and the conclud- ing engagements of that year on the Eapidan, it bore its share of the toils and privations, and sustained its share of the losses, and late in the season went into win- ter-quarters on the memorable plains of Culpeper. In the movements of the army in 1864 the Seven- teenth early took the field. In May it had several severe encounters with the enemy in the vicinity of the Chancellorsville battle-field, and was at the front in the movements of the cavalry under Sheridan to- wards Richmond. At Trevilian Station, on the 11th and 12th of June, the Seventeenth was hotly engaged, and suffered severe loss. In the operations of Sheri- dan in the Shenandoah Valley, the Seventeenth bore an honorable part. At Front Royal, at Shepherds- town, at Kearneysville it met the enemy and bravely contested every foot of ground. While at Martins- burg, a detachment of the Seventeenth escorted Gen- eral Sheridan on his famous ride to Winchester, and in all the cavalry movements of the year, it manfully bore its part, and during the winter of 1864-65 it re- mained in the Shenandoah Valley. In the final campaign of 1815 the cavalry, under Sheridan, was an important factor. At Stony Creek, on the 1st of April, the Seventeenth was severely engaged, and suf- fered a grievous loss in killed and wounded. But the enemy never lost sight of its glittering sabres till the rebel army surrendered to Grant, at Appomattox, when the regiment returned to the vicinity of Wash- ington, and on the 16th of June was mustered out. A detachment of the regiment, which became a part of the Second Provisional Cavalry, was not mustered out until the 7th of August following. Of the services of the Seventeenth, General De- vin, in his farewell order, remarks : " In five successive campaigns, and in over three- score engagements, you have nobly sustained your part. Of the many gallant regiments from your State, none has a brighter record, none has more freely shed its blood on every battle-field, from Get- tysburg to Appomattox." Company B. — While the Seventeenth was a repre- sentative regiment of the commonwealth, Company B was no less a representative of Susquehanna County. There were but few townships in the county but what had one or more members in Com- pany "B." The company was mainly recruited by the efforts of D. E. Whitney, of Gibson, and M. T. Whitney, of Thomson. Upon its organization they were elected captain and first lieutenant respectively, and William A. Larue, of Jessup, second lieutenant. On the 18th of September, 1862, the company met at New Milford, and the citizens of that patriotic town gave them a generous reception, and the boun- tiful dinner they set before them was in marked con- trast with thescanty " rations " that the members of the company soon encountered. The company reached Harrisburg on the evening of the 19th, and on the 21st were duly mustered into the United States service. Of its subsequent history and service we have attemped to give a short epitome. The surviving members of the company are among the best citizens of our county to-day. Of its officers, space admits of but brief mention. Captain D. E. THE REBELLION. 245 Whitney was discharged by special order in December 1862. M. T. Whitney, afterwards well known as a popular commissioner of the county, resigned in Janu- ary, 1863. (See personal sketches.) Warren F. Sim- rell was promoted to captain of Company D. After the war, he was elected prothonotary of the county. (See " Simrell " Post, G. A. R.) Lieutenant William A. Larue remained with his company, sharing its perils and its glory, until January, 1865, when, becom- ing unfit for further service in'the field, he was honor- ably discharged. Lieutenant W. N. Chamberlin was promoted from the ranks and for quite a time served on the staff of General Devin. He was breveted major for meritorious services, and in 1865 was ap- pointed to a clerkship in the United States Treasury, which position he still occupies. Lieutenant Asa D. Corse was elected, upon the organization of the com- pany supernumerary second lieutenant, but finding that office abolished upon reaching Harrisburg, he entered the ranks. Of his service and future promo- tion, see personal sketch. We would like to say of Company " B " of the Seventeenth, that its members were the best soldiers that Susquehanna County fur- nished to the war, but the record of its achievements must be placed side by side with the blood-stained record of the true and noble men who preceded and followed them. COMPANY B, SEVENTEENTH CAVALRY. Mustered into Bervice September 21, 1862, unless otherwise stated; mustered out June 16, 1865. Capt. David B. Whitney, Oct, 20, '62 ; disch. by S. 0. Dec. 29, '62. 1st Lieut. Merrick T. Whitney, Sept. 23, '62 ; res. Jan. 2, '63. 1st Lieut. Warren F. Simrell, pr. from 1st sergt. Dec. 15, '62, to capt. Co. D, July 22, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, '65 (see " Simrell" Post, G. A. B.). 1st Lieut. W. N. Chamberlain, pr. from q.m.-aergt. to 2d It. Jan. 11, '63 ; to 1st It. July 4, '64 ; bvt. capt. and major March 13, '65 ; mus. out with Co. G, 2d Regt. Pro. Cay., Aug. 7, '65. 2d Lt. Warren A. Larue, Oct. 20, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 13,'65. 2d Lt. Asa D. Corse, Sept. 27, '62 ; pr. from 1st sergt. July 23, '64 ; mus. out with Co. B, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65 (see personal sketch). 1st Sergt. Jerome I. Stanton, pr. from q.m. -sergt. April 1, '65, to sergt.- major June 10, '65 ; mus. out with regt. June 16, '65. 1st Sergt. Matthew McPherson, killed at Five Forks, Va., April 1, '65 (see "McPherson " Post, G. A. B.) Q.m. -Sergt. James E. Curtis, pr. to cor. Aug. 17, '63 ; to sergt. Jan. 1, '65 ; to q.m. -sergt. April 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. June 16, '65. Com.-Sergt. Dennis Shay, mus. out with Co. June 16, '65. Sergeants. Edwin A. French, pr. to sergt. Jan. '63 ; mus. out with Co. June 16, '65. George H. French, pr. to cor. Dee. 18, '63 ; to sergt. July 6, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Edward E. Thayer, pr. to cor. July 1, '64; to sergt. Nov. 1, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Martin V. Bisbee, pr. to cor. July 1, '64 ; to sergt. April 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Wm. H. Brookins, pr. from cor. Jan. '63 ; wd. at Cold Harbor, Va., May 31, '64 ; tr. to Y. E. C. ; disch. on surg. cert. May 30, '65. Bussell V. Whitney, disch. on surg. cert. March 13, '63. Eichard C. DuBois, pr. to adjt. 158th Begt. P. V. Nov. 30, '62 ; mus. out with that regt., Aug. 12, '65. Erastus Bennet, died at Washington, D. C. ; bur. at Arlington. Corporals. Jerry Sivers, pr. to cor. Sept. 6, '64 ; mus. out with Co. William G. Seamans, pr. to cor. Nov. 1, '64 ; mus. out with Co. George F. Bezane, pr. to cor. April 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Elisha N. Lord. pr. to cor. Dec. 18, '63 ; tr. to Co. F, 10th Eegt. V. E. C; disch. by G. 0. June 26, '65. Freeman P. Whitney, pr. to cor. Sept. 6, '64 ; capt'd Oct. 29, '64 ; disch. by G. O June 13, '65. Stanley Stone, pr. to cor. Nov. 1, '64 ; capt'd Dec. 26, '64 ; disch. by G. O. May 30, '65. Timothy C. Simpson, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 12, '63. Harry T. Castle, Nov. 17, '63 ; pr. to cor. Jan. 1, '65 ; muB. out with Co. A, 2d Regt. Provisional Cavalry, Aug. 7, '65. Harvey S. Eice, killed at Trevilian Station, Va., June 12, '64. William H. Brown, died of wds. rec. in action Aug. 13, '64. A. Judeon Perigo, died at Alexandria, Va., Nov. 20, '63. Benjamin W. Barrett, mus. out with Co. Blacksmiths. Thomas J. Tallman, mus. out with Co. Danford H. Newton, mus. out with Co. Joseph S. Halstead, disch. on surg. cert. Saddlers. Leroy H. Aldrich, mus. out with Co. Michael J. Mulvey, disch. on surg. cert. July 30, '63. Privates. Austin, Albert, died June 21st of wds. rec. at Cold Harbor, Va., May 31, '64; bur. at Arlington. Abbott, Charles, Apr. 2, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Barrett, Luther L., mus. out with Co. Brown, Henry, mus. out with Co. Bowen, William B., mus. out with Co. Blanding, Herbert, mus. out with Co. Barnard, William E., mus. out with Co. Brooks, Livingston J., killed at Cold Harbor, Va., May 31, '64. Bagley, John W., died at Fairfax Seminary, Va., June 19, '63 ; bur. at Alexandria. Babcock, Andrew J., capt'd ; died at Eichmond, Va., Nov. 18, '63. Brady, John, Oct. 27, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Black, David, Mar. 24, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Carlin, Peter M., mus. out with Co. Carlin, Asa F., muB. out with Co. Corey, Enos W., mus. out with Co. Corwin, Eli E., disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 27, '63. Darrow, Jonathan M., mus. out with Co. Decker, George, mus. out with Co. DeWitt, Isaac M., wd. at Todd's Tavern, Va., May 8, '64 ; disch by G. O. June 17, '64. Disbro, Jesse C, disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 18, '63. Dana, John C, mus. out with Co. A, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. Estabrook, Sylvenus H., disch. on G. 0. May 23, '65. . Griswold, Daniel L., mus. out with Co. Galloway, Theodore, disch. by S. 0. Feb. 10, '63. Gregg, Alvin M., disch. on surg. cert. July 6, '64. Gibb, George, Mar. 23, '64 ; mus. out with Co. B, 2d Kegt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. Greek, William, died at York, Pa., May 18, '63 ; bur. at Prospect Hill Cem. Hart, Isaac, capt'd Aug. 13, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. July 18, '65. Howell, John S., disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 14, '63. Hinkley, Marquis, disch. on surg. cert. Aug. 19, '63. Hart, William, Mar. 29, '64 ; mua. out with Co. B, 2d Eegt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. Halstead, S. C, Mar. 16, '64; mus. out with Co. B, 2d Eegt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. Haggerty, Charles H., Mar. 25, '64 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Harrison, Thomas, Mar. 24, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Hamilton, Henry H., disch on surg. cert. July 23, '63. Haley, James, Mar. 24, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Ireland, Elisha, died in Susquehanna, Pa., Mar. 25, '65. Jenkins, Stephen, mus. out with Co. Johnson Thomas, Mar. 26, '64 ; not on mus. roll. Lake, William H., mus. out with Co. Lee, William, mus. out with Co. Leight, Charles A., Aug. 19, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Lamb, George W., ab. in hos. at mus. out. Lord, Drew H., disch. by G. 0. June 20, '65. Lathrop, Zara, tr. to U. S. army Nov. 10, '62. 246 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Lord, Jerome, pr. to 1st It., 27th Regt. TJ. S. C. T., Aug. 8, '65 ; mus. out Sept. 21, '65. Labar, John, Mar. 29, '64 ; killed at Trevilian Station, Va., June 12, '64. Lyon, Harmon D., died at Washington, D. C, May 10, '63. Logan, Edward C, Feb. 26, '64 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Murphy, Frank H., mus. out with Co. Mack, Henry, mus. out with Co. Mofflt, Mortimore, disch. by G. 0. June 3, '65. Mitchell, Stanley N., pr. to eergt.-major Aug. 1, '64; to 2d It. Co. D. Dec. 28, '64; disch. May 15, '65. McCarroll, Samuel L., wd. at Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, '64 ; ab. in hoB. at mus. out. McKeeby, Theodore, disch. by G. 0. Sept 7, '65. McKeeby, James B., disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 5, '63. McKeeby, William B., disch. on surg. cert. June 26, '63. McDonald, Allen W., Mar. 24, '64 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 9, '64. McConnell, S. W., tr. to TJ. S. army Nov. 10, '62. McKeeby, Samuel, muB. out with Co. B, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav. , Aug. 7, '65. Nash, William H., killed at Trevilian Station, Va., June 12, '64. Oakley, Edwajd G., disch. by G. O. May 25, '65. Palmer, William H., mus. out with Co. Payne, George L., mus. out with Co. Rodgers, Levi S., disch. on Burg. cert. Jan. 15, '63. Rogers, Francis, tr. to U. S. army Nov. 10, '62. Round, Amasa N., killed at Deep Bottom, Va., July 28, '64. Ross, John, Mar. 14, '64 ; died Apr. 18, '64 ; bur. in Military Asylum Cem., D. C. Smith, David, mus out with Co. Stoddard, Horace S., mus. out with Co. Sterling, Jabez S., mus. out with Co. Shay, Aaron W., disch. by G. 0. June 28, '05. Scott, James H., disch. July 15, '65. Smith, George B., disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 6, '63. Stoddard, "Henry H., disch. on surg. cert Jan. 22, '64. Steinback, Lewis, disch. by G. 0. May 23, '65. Smith, James N , pr. to hos. steward Apr. 9, '63 ; disch on surg. cert., date unknown. Stewart, Stanley, accidentally killed at Winchester, Va., Nov. 29, '64. Struble, George, Mar. 29, '64 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Sweaney, William, Nov. 23, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. Tyler, Henry W., mus. out with Co. Tennant, Walter, Mar. 24, '64; mus. out with Co. B, 2d Regt. Prov. Car., Aug. 7, '65 ; vet. Tennant, Dallas P., killed at White House, Va., June 21, '64 ; bur. in Torktown. Tripp, Joseph 0., Mar. 13, '64 ; died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 17, '64 ; bur. at Arlington. Williams, Henry G., pr. to 2d It., 1st Regt. TJ. S. C. Troops, July 14, '65 ; mus. out Sept. 29, '65. Wayman, Harvey B., disch. by G. 0. Apr. 24, '65. Wheaton, Myron, pr. to hos. steward, date unknown. Whitney, Harland S., died at Hope Landing, Va., Apr. 14, '63. Wells, Hezekiah S., capt'd ; died at Richmond, Va., Oct. 14, '64. The following were also members of the Seven- teenth Cavalry (for letter of company see column of " Remarks ") : Sergt. George W. Moore (2d), Oct. 2, '62 ; Co. K ; pr. to cor. May 1, '64 ; to sergt. Apr. 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Saddler George P. Goodrich, Sept. 2l, '62; Co. K ; killed at Barryville, Va., Sept. 24, '64. Privates. Bancome, Orsel C, Co. K. Brands, John C, Co. H. Carpenter, Shepherd, Oct. 2, '62 ; Co. K ; mus. out with Co. Case, George, Sept. 22, '62 ; Co. M ; mus. out with Co. Dougherty, George F., Oct. 3, '62 ; Co. D ; mus. out with Co. Knapp, Henry, Oct. 2, '62 ; Co. K ; wd. and capt'd at Travilian Station, Va., June 12, '64. Merrell, George, Co. K. Nice, Oliver E., Co. K. Norris, John, Co. H. Norris, John G., Oct. 19, '62 ; Co. H ; capt'd at Brandy Station, Va., Oct. 11, '63; mus. out with Co. H, 2d Regt. Prov. Cav., Aug. 7, '65. One Hundred and Fifty- first Regiment — The service of this regiment extended over a period of but nine months, but those nine months were fraught with such momentous issues and events, that the grandest chapter of the war was written during its term of service. The disastrous battle of Bull Ran had been fought, and the draft that followed had impressed the men of the loyal North that a gigantic rebellion was in progress, and that its loyal sons must meet the emergency. Under these circumstances, the OneHundredand Fifty-first Regiment wasorganized at Camp Curtin in September, 1862. It was ordered to Washington on the 26th of November, and its organ- ization then comprised the following field officers : Harrison Allen, colonel ; George F. McFarland, lieutenant-colonel ; and John W. Young, major. Susquehanna County furnished two full companies to this regiment, — Companies " A " and " C," — and in its organization the regiment selected the captain of Company " C " for its major. Early in December the regiment was sent to Union Mills, in a section of Virginia infested by Mosby's guerrillas, and whose inhabitants were intensely disloyal. Here it remain- ed until the middle of February, 1863, when it was ordered to Belle Plain, and was assigned to the First Brigade, Third Division of the First Corps. Its ar- rival here was attended with much exposure and privation, and a number died, among them Lieuten- ant Hollenback, of Company " A." Preliminary to the Chancellorsville campaign, the regiment accom- panied the Third Division to Port Conway, the march occupying two days, during which it rained almost incessantly. For its behavior on this march the regiment was thus highly complimented by General Doubleday: "Tue general commanding desires to express his appreciation of the good order and compactness which marked the march of the One Hundred and Fifty-first. . . . It also attracted the at- tention of Major-General Reynolds and staff, who wish- ed this compliment tendered." In the Chancellorsville campaign it moved with the First Corps to Frank- lin's Crossing, where it was twice subjected to a vig- orous shelling. On the 2d of May it made a forced march to the battle-field, and occupied the line on the right of the army, from which the Eleventh Corps had been driven by Stonewall Jackson. On the 3d and 4th it remained at the front, and after the army recrossed the river it went into camp near White Oak Church. On the 12th of June it started for Gettysburg, being a part of the right wing of the army, which was com- posed of the First and Eleventh Corps, under com- mand of General Reynolds. In three days these troops made a forced march of one hundred and five miles, and Lee suddenly found himself confronted, in the Shenandoah Valley, by Reynolds' forces. Push- ing on into Pennsylvania, it reached the vicinity of Gettysburg on that memorable 1st of July, and in the forenoon of that day moved to the front and was hot- ly engaged. About noon the regiment, with the brig- THE REBELLION. 247 ade, was placed in support of Cooper's battery. At half-past two the regiment was detached from the brigade and posted in reserve along a fence at the south end of Seminary Grove. In the fierce fighting that followed, the Union lines were forced back by the overwhelming numbers of the enemy, and a seri- ous gap between the brigades of Gens. Biddle and Mer- edith exposed the whole left wing. Into this gap, by command of Gen. Rowley, the One Hundred and Fifty- First was thrown to stay the onrushing tide. The fight- ing was now terrific, and the losses of the enemy in front of the position where the regiment stood, as acknowl- edged in his official report, was most grievous. Col. McFarland, in his official report of the part here tak- en by the regiment, says : " I know not how men could have fought more desperately, exhibited more coolness, or contested the field with more determined courage." Later in the day Colonel McFarland was shot down, and some of the companies were left with- out a commissioned officer. In the severe fighting on the 2d, and in the crowning charge of the enemy on the third day, the One Hundred and Fifty-First again covered itself with glory. The heroism displayed by the One Hundred and Fifty-First in this battle is unsurpassed. It went into the fight with four hun- dred and eighty-seven officers and men. Of these, two officers and sixty-six men were killed, twelve officers and one hundred and eighty-seven men wounded, and one hundred were missing — more than seventy-five per cent, of its aggregate numbers. General Double- day, in his official report, pays this regiment the fol- lowing high compliment : " I can never forget the ser- vices rendered me by this regiment, directed by the gal- lantry and genius of McFarland. I believe they saved the First Corps, and were among the chief instruments to save the Army of the Potomac, and the country from unimaginable disaster.'' The regiment partici- pated in the movements of the army in the pursuit of Lee, but its term of service being nearly expired, it was relieved from duty on the 19th, and proceeding to Harrisburg, it was, on the 27th of July, mustered out of service. Company A. — As already intimated, Companies " A " and " C " of this regiment were from Susque- hanna County. After the enrollment and the order for the draft in 1862, it was learned that nine months' enlistments would be received, and credited ; and by request of George L. Stone, Col. Gere went to Harris- burg and obtained special permission from Governor Curtin to recruit a company. Enlistments were rapid, and before the close of September the ranks were full, and the men met at the court house, and organized by electing George L. Stone captain, Wm. H. Frink, first and U. F. Hollenback second lieutenants. Of its subsequent honorable career in connection with the One Hundred and Fifty-First, we have already spoken. Capt. Stone was wounded at Gettysburg, and after the war was postmaster of Montrose, and is at present a resident of New Milford township. Lieu- tenant Hollenback died in service, and Lieutenants Frink and Tucker — the latter being promoted upon the death of Lieutenant Hollenback — were mustered out with the company. Company C. — The circumstances attending the en- listment of this company were similar to those of Com- pany A. Upon the organization of the regiment, Cap- tain John W. Young was made major, and Lieutenant George W. Crandall was promoted to captain. He had been first lieutenant of Company H, of the Fourth Pennsylvania Reserves, but was compelled to resign on account of ill health. He was again prostrated by sickness shortly after the Chancellors ville battle, and was absent, sick, when the company was mustered out. He died August 24, 1863, a few weeks after the com- pany came home. Major Young was mustered out with the regiment, and after spending a number of years in the West, returned to Susquehanna County, and is now residing at Montrose. Lieutenant Gardner resigned early in 1863, and Lieutenants Jamison and Lusk were mustered out with the company, both of whom are well-known residents of Montrose. The "rank and file " of these two companies are among Susque- hanna County's most respected citizens. COMPANY A, ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Mustered into service October 17, 1862, unless othenoise stated ; mustered out July 29, 1863. Capt. George. L. Stone, Nov. 8, '62 ; wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. 1st Lt. William H. Frink, Oct. 18, '62 ; mus. out with Co. 2d Lt. TJrias F. Hollenback. Oct. 24, '62 ; died at Windmill Point, Va., Apr. 24, '63. 2d Lt. Amos Tucker, pr. to sergt. -major Nov. 11, '62 ; to 2d lt. Apr. 24, '63 ; mus. out with Co. 1st Sergt. Jerome Wade, mus. out with Co. William Perigo, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. William Ira, mus. out with Co. Edward S. Jackson, mus. out with Co. James W. Adams, mus. out with Co. Corporals. Earl Love, pr. to cor. June 15, '63 ; wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Charles D. Rogers, mus. out with Co. Byron R. Wade, mus. out with Co. Charles H. Stone, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Eseck P. Bailey, pr. to cor. Dec. 1, '62 ; mus. out with Co. ; re. in TJ. S. Navy for four years; disch. June, '65, for wds. reed, at Fort Fisher. Sidney Van Auken, pr. to cor. Oct., '62 ; mus. out with Co. John H. Smith, Oct. 30, '62; disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 24, '63. John B. Webster, tr. to 18th Kegt. TJ. S. A. Nov. 7, '62. David D. Moxley, pr. to q.m. -sergt. Nov. 11, '62. Hugh McCready, kilted at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Thomas D. Allen, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Amos T. De Witt, mus. out with Co. Musicians. Phinney R. Stockwell, mus out with Co. Geo. Legier, mus. out with Co. Privates. Brush, Edmund M., mus. out with Co. Buck, Melvin J., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. at mus. out. Brown, Peter, mus. out with Co. 248 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Bogart, Henry V., mus. out with Co. Bump, Aaron P., ab, sick at mus. out ; re. in Co. C, 203d P. V. Brotzman, George, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. flick at mus. out ; re. in Co. H, 4th Reserves. Barbor, Joseph R., mus. out with Co. Brink, Levi L., mus. out with Co. Bartlett, Win, E., Oct. 30, '62 ; mus. out with Co. Brown, Henry W., killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Cole, Alanson, ab. sick at mus. out. Culver, Win. H., mus. out with Co. Carter, Oliver, mus. out with Co. Crofut, Thompson D., mus. out with Co. Cummings, F. G., Oct. 30, '62 ; died at Windmill Point, Va., Dec. 18,'62. Doolittle, Wallace W., mus. out with Co. Drake, George W., mus. out with Co. Devine, Theodore, mus. out with Co. Drummond, John, tr. to 18th Regt., U. S. A., Nov. 7, '62 ; kil. in battle. Dennis, John L., Oct. 30, '62 ; died at Belle Plain, Va,, Apr. 12, '63. Eastman, Eli, ab. at mus. out. Ellworth, Freeman J., mus. out with Co. Everett, Lemuel S., Oct. 30, '62 ; mus. out with Co. Foster, Wallace J., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Ford, Ransom W., mus. out with Co. Fish, Charles F., killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Galloway, Dennis M., mus. out with Co. Galloway, Sidney N., mus. out with Co. Griggs, Jas. N., mus. out with Co. Galloway, Aaron B., not with Co. at mus. out. Houghton, Jerome, mus. out with Co. Howard, Oliver J., mus out with Co. Howe, Cyrus C, mus. out with Co. ; re. in Co. K, 52d P. V. Hinckley, Wm. C, mus. out with Co. Harris, James, tr. to 18th Regt., U. S. A., Nov. 7, '62. Johnson, Cassius J-, mus. out with Co. Jacobus, John S., mus. out with Co. Kent, Franklin M., wd. at Gettysbui'g July 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Kent, Ezra A , wd. at Gettysburg July 1, '63 ; ab. at mus. out. Larrabee, Monroe J., mus. out with Co. ; re. in N. Y. Regt. (See per- sonal sketch.) Lowe, John C, tr. to 18th Regt., U. S. A., Nov. 7, '62. Ledyard, George, not on mus. out roll. Lowe, Benjamin, tr. to ISth U. S. Inf. Nov. 7, '62. Langdon, Wm. W., died at White Oak Ch., Va., June 11, '63. Melhuish, Isaac, wd. at Gettysburg July 1, '63 ; ab. at mus. out. Mack, Geo. C, mus. out with Co. Mericle, Albert, died at Georgetown, D. C, Dec. 10, '62. McMicken, Nelson, wd., with loss of leg, at Gettysburg July 1, '63 ; ab. at mus. out ; died of his wds. Newkirk, Evelin, tr. to 18th Regt., U. S. A., Nov. 7, '62. Parks, Orlando, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Perrigo, Edward S., mus, out with Co. Post, Isaac J., pr. to q.m. 172d Regt. P. V. Nov. 22, '62. Potter, Abram G., died at Windmill Point, Va., May 10, '63. Rowe, Peter, mus. out with Co. Rifenbury, Philip, mus. out with Co. ; re. in Co. D, 203d P. V. Rosengrantz, S. S., muB. out with Co. Sweet, Henry, mu3. out with Co. Shipman, Fredk. E., ab. sick at mus. out. Sherwood, Joel, wd. at Gettysburg July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Sheeyn, Terry, ab. sick at mus. out. Stephens, Daniel H., mus. out with Co. Sherwood, Benj., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Squires, Silas, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Stockwell, Chas. R-, mus. out with Co. Shove, Seth, killed at Gettysburg July 1, '63. Shoemaker, Andrew, killed at Gettysburg July 1, '63. Sines, Charles E., died at Union Mills, Va., Dec. 23, '62. Towner, William, mus. out with Co. Titman, Elias, mus. out with Co. Taylor, Gardner, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Tooker, Daniel, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Titman, Lemuel, tr. to 18th Regt., U. S. A., Nov. 7, '62. Tewksbury, J. W., muB. out with Co. Watrous, Addison, mus. out with Co. ab. in hos. at mus. out. Ward, Wm. H., wd. at Gettysburg July 1, Wright, Alanson, mus. out with Co. Willman, Theron, disch. on surg. cert. Mar. 26, '63. COMPANY C, ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Muttered into service October 20, 1862, unless otherwise stated; mustered out July 27, 1863. Capt. John W. Young, Nov. 8, '62 ; pr. to major Nov. 18, '62 ; mus. out with regt. July 27, '63. Capt. Geo. W. Crandall, Oct. 21, '62 ; pr. from 1st It. Nov. 26, '62 ; ab. sick at mus. out ; subsequently died. 1st Lt. Joseph Jamison, Nov. 10, '62 ; pr. from 2d It. Nov. 26, '62 ; ab. sick at mus. out. 2d Lt. Wm. D. Lusk, pr. from sergt. Feb. 3, '63 ; mus. out with Co. July 27, '63. 2d Lt. Jonathan F. Gardner, pr. from sergt. Nov. 26, '62 ; res. Jan. 3, '63. 1st Sergt. Benjamin C. Vance, pr. from sergt. May 12, '63 ; mus. out with Co. July 27, '63 ; re. in 2d N. Y. Cav. Sergeants. Stephen A. Smith, pr. from. cor. May 12, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Joseph W. Pruner, Nov. 9, '62 ; pr. from priv. May 12, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Isaac Morgan, Jr., pr. from cor. Dec. 6, *62 ; mus. out with Co. Samuel Truesdell, mus. out with Co. Charles W. Holmes, died at Windmill Point, Va., May 11, '63. Corporals. Gilbert R. Whilbeck, mus. out with Co. John Quinn, mus. out with Co. William H. Stark, ab. sick at mus. out. Theron L. Smith, pr. to cor. April 12, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Francis Decker, pr. to cor. April 12, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Russell Darrow, pr. to cor. Jan. 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Richard Davis, pr. to cor May 12, '63 ; mus. out with Co. David Krum, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 9, '63. Benj. F. Chamberlain, disch. on surg. cert. April, '63. Lyman Beebe, died at Falmouth, Va., June 4, '63. Musicians, Wentz P. Snidiker, mus. out with Co. Henry Mericle, mus. out with Co. Privates. Adams, Alva M., mus. out with Co. Allen, Sherwood, mus. out with Co. Brewer, Moses, mus. out with Co. Baldwin, George H., ab. sick at mus. out. Bivins, Henry J., mus. out with Co. Barnes, Franklin S., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. Burns, John, mus. out with Co. Brownell, Eben, Nov. 9, '62 ; ab. sick at mus. out. Barker, William, Nov. 9, '62 ; mus. out with Co. Banker, Israel, Oct. 30, '62 ; ab. sick at mus. out. Burch, Henry C , tr. to 18th Regt. U. S. A., Nov. 10, '62. Bookstaver, M. B., tr. to 18th Regt. U. S. A., Nov. 10, '62. Bray, Patrick, tr. to 18th Regt. U. S. A., Nov. 10, '62. Burch, Philo, not with Co. at mus. out. Card, Henry, mus. out with Co. Coyle, Henry, Nov. 9, '62 ; ab. sick at muB. out. Crissle, Private, Nov. 9, '62 ; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Nov. 28, '62. Darrow, Charles, mus. out with Co. ; re. in Batt. E, 2d Pa. Heavy Art. Disbrow, Ambrose E., mus. out with Co. Dickey, Nelson, mus. out with Co. Dutcher, George E., mus. out with Co. ; re. in Battery A, 1st Penna. Art. Davis, Morris, Oct. 30, '62 ; muB. out with Co. Disenberg, Deidrich, Nov. 1, '62 ; wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Dowd, Mortimer H., died at Union Mills, Va., Dec. 29, '62. Darrow, J. H., not on mus. out roll. Evans, Thomas, Oct. 30, '62 ; mus. out with Co. Felton, Charles, mus. out with Co. Faulkner, John, Nov. 9, '62 ; ab. sick at mus. out. Gunn, Theodore 0., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Godard, Frank, disch. on surg. cert. April 1, '63. THE KEBELLION. 249 Griggs, Albert R., killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63. Geary, Charles, Oct. 30, '62 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Hall, George, mus. out with Co. Howard, Alva, mus. out with Co. Hayward, Peter, mus. out with Co. Hull, James S., mus. out with Co. Howell, John, Jr., Nov. 1, '62 ; disch. on Burg. cert. Feb. 5, '63. Hughes, Lafayette, died at Washington, D. C, Dec. 1, '62. Jameson, George, Oct. 30, '62 ; mus. out with Co. Keach, James, ab. sick at mus. out. Knapp, Silas B., ab. sick at mus. out. Loomis, John C, wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63; mus. out with Co. Lockwood, William, died at Union Mills, Va., Dec. 21, '62. Mervin, Daniel C, mus. out with Co. Manzer, Lawrence, mus. out with Co. ■Michael, William, mus. out with Co. Maynard, Jarvis, Oct. 30, '62 ; mus. out with Co. Millard, Ransom, Nov. 9, '62 ; died at Washington, D. C, Dec. 3, '62. Mitchell, Frank, Oct. 30, '62 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Osterhout, George, died at Washington, D. C, June 4, '63. Payne, Nehemiah, mus. out with Co. Pickering, Henry J., mus. out with Co. Percy, E. R. M., ab. sick at mus. out. Robbins, Ira, died at Alexandria, Va., March 1, '63. Stanton, Perry, mus. out with Co. Snow, John W., Oct. 30, '62 ; ab. sick at mus. out. Stockholm, Geo. P., mus. out with Co. ; re. in 1st N. T. Mounted Rifles . disch. June 17, '65. Smith, John, tr. to 18th Eegt. U. S. A., Nov. 10, '62. Smith, Philander, died at Union Mills, Va., Dec. 25, '62. Trumbull, William C, wd., with loss of arm, at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Taylor, Charles, mus. out with Co. Taylor, Freeman, ab. sick at mus. out. Tyler, Andrew 0., wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Taylor, Edwin, Nov. 1, '62 ; mus. out with Go. Thomas, James B., Nov. 1, '62 ; ab. sick at mus. out. Tupper, Henry, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Wilson, George M., mus. out with Co. Warner, Geo. D., died at Windmill Point, Va., May 13, '63. Miscellaneous.— We wish we had time and space to make proper mention of the glorious records made by Susquehanna County "boys "during the war, in the various organizations in which they served. We can only group them together, when possible, show- ing where they " touched elbows " during those fear- ful days of our country's peril, and where they fol- lowed the flag which their courage and heroism saved from dishonor. It made but little difference where they served ; it was how they served that makes their record of interest to them, and those who follow after. Besides the organizations we have already noted, that were exclusively, or nearly so, from this county, there were more than four hundred men enlisted from the county, in the various Pennsylvania regiments, of which they were less than a company, as follows : COMPANY M, FOURTH CAVALRY. Mustered into service September, 1861 , unless otherioise stated; mustered out July 1, 1865. Com. Sergt. Manger Dart, Oct. 31, '61 ; pr.from priv. March 1, 'E5 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. John H. Marcy, Oct. 30, '61 ; mus. out Nov. 11, '64, exp. of term. George W. Conrad, Oct. 31, '61 ; pr. from Oct. 12, '63, to Nov. 21, '64 ; disch. to date Nov. 21, '64. Corporals. John W. Lake, Oct. 31, '61 ; pr. to cor. March 1, '63 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. 17 Laurice J. AdamB, Oct. 31, '61 ; pr. to cor. March 1, '05 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. Michael B. Conrad, Oct. 31, '61 ; pr. to cor. March 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. James Barton, Oct. 30, '61 ; capt'd ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 1, '64. Elisha Guard, Oct. 12, '61 ; capt'd ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 17, '64. Blacksmith Thomas Kelly, Oct. 31, '61 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. Farrier Charles 0. Ellis, Oct. 31, '61 ; ab. wd. at mus. out ; vet. Privates. Adams, Edwin F., not on mus. out roll. Berry, George R., Oct. 31, '61 ; mus. out Oct. 29, '64, exp. of term. Conrad, William S., not on mus. out roll. Conrad, Lodowick H., Oct. 31, '61 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65 ; vet. Dart, Clark R., Oct. 13, '61; capt'd; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. " 28, '64. Jetton, G. M., not on mus. out roll. Felton, Alexander T., Aug. 19, '62 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65. Guard, Daniel, Oct. 31, '61 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, *65 ; vet. Harding, Elias J., Oct. 30, '61 ; mus. out Nov. 3, '64, exp. of term. Maples, B. B., not on mus. out roll. Maxon, Charles, Oct. 31, '61 ; mis. in action at St. Mary's Ch., Va., June 24, '64 ; vet. Maxon, David, March 30, '64 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65. Morse, E. J., March 30, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. May 9, '65. Pattent, George, May 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. July 1, '65. Potter, George, Jan. 4, '64 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Price, David, not on mus. out roll. Phillips, George, Oct. 31, '61 ; died at Harrisburg May 4, '64 ; vet. Taylor, John F., not on mus. out roll. COMPANY D. Jacob Robertson, Aug. 20, '61 ; re. Jan. 1, '64 ; wd. Feb. 6, '65 ; discb. July 13, '65 ; vet. George Cornell, Aug. 27, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. '62. Privates. Lester, Orrin E., Sept. 16, '61 ; mus. out Sept. 15,'64, exp. of term. Lester, Harlan W., Sept. 16, '61 ; mus. out Sept. 15, '64, exp. of term. Miller, "William, Aug. 27, '61 ; re. Jan. 1, '64 ; wd. July 24, '64; disch. July 13, '65 ; vet. Russell, Frederick, Sept. 16, '61 ; capt'd Oct. 12, '63 ; died at Anderson- ville, Ga., April 27, '64. Stokes, William A., Feb. 16, '64 ; died at Washington, D. C, July 5, '64, of wds. rec. June 11, '64. Mullen, Patrick, Feb. 23, *64; unaligned; not on mus. out roll. COMPANY C. Priv. Glidden, D. W., Aug. 29, '64 ; capt'd March 31, '65 ; disch by G. 0. June 27, '65. COMPANY E, NINTH CAVALRY. Musteredinto service October 17, 1861, unless otherwise stated ; mustered out July 18, 1865. Regt. q.m. Eugene S. Handrick, Dec. 9, '61 ; pr. from priv. to regtl. q.m. sergt. ; to 2d It. Co. A ; to 1st It. Feb. 6, '63 ; to q.m. May 22, '63 ; mus. out with regt. July 18, '65 ; vet. Yet. Surg. Charles W. Sherman, Dec. 9, '61 ; pr. from priv. Co. E Jan. 23, '65 ; mus. out with regt. July 18, '65 ; vet. Sergeants. Asa W. Hickok, Oct. 29, '61 ; pr. to sergt. Jan. 1, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Joel Myers, Dec. 9, '61 ; pr. to sergt. Jan. 1, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Daniel D. Tompkins, Dec. 9, '61 ; pr. to sergt. Jan. 1, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Sylvester S. Ransom, pr. to sergt. May 20, '65 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Charles A. Hungerford, Aug. 25, '62 ; disch. by G. O. May, 29, '65. Charlea A. Lyman, killed at Lafayette, Ga., Sept. 13, '63. Corporals. Charles S. Fargo, Oct. 29, '61 ; pr. to cor. Oct. 4, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. 250 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Albert H. Phillips, disch. '62. Nathan L. Howe, killed near Raleigh, N. 0., April 12, '65. Bugler Elisha M. Fargo, disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 19, '62. Farriers. Orrin Blakeslee, Oct. 29, '61 ; pr. to far. Jan. 1, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Isaac Strickland, died at Knoxville, Tenn., March 12, '64. Blacksmith Edwin L. Taylor, Oct. 29, '61 ; disch. Dee. 24, '64, exp. of term. Privates. Black, Israel, disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 16, '62. Bullock, John, Jr., disch. on surg. cert. March 17, '62. Ball, Edward J., Dec. 9, '61 ; tr. to Marine Corps, date unknown. Baker, Amos, disch. Sept. 24, '64, exp. of term. Clary, James. Cummings, James W., not with Co. at mus. out. Dowd, Harrison, not on mus. out roll. Dewers, David L., Dec. 9, '61 ; disch. Sept. 14, '64, exp. of term. De Witt, Andrew W., Oct. 29, '61 ; disch. Dec. 24, '64, exp. of term. Emery, D. W. Griswold, Charles A., Oct. 29, '61 ; di6ch. Dec. 24, '64, exp. of term. Griswold, Charles. Handrick, R. T. Hungerford, Ira, Aug. 25, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 24, '64. Hall, Charles H., Nov. 29, '61 ; capt'd at Glasgow, Ky., July 10, '62 ; tr. to V. E. C. July 2, '63. Huntsman, D. H., Dec. 9, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert, in '61. Jackson, Walter A., Oct. 29, '61 ; disch. Dec. 24, '64, exp. of term. Kelsey, Nelson, Oct. 29, '61 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out ; vet. Lyman, G. C, Aug. 24, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. July 21, '65. Lyman, Thomas W., Aug. 24, '64 ; wd. at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, '65. Lyman, Charles, not on mus. out roll. Moore, Calvin, not on mus. out roll. McStraw, John, Nov. 9, '61 ; not on mus. out roll. Palmer, George A., disch., date unknown. Palmer, Orlo W., disch. Dec. 24, '64, exp. of term. Stephens, H. C, pr. to chf. bugler of regt. ; disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 14, '62. Scott, It. P., disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 29, '62. Sheldon, George A., disch. Dec. 24, '64, exp. of term. Sherman, N. G., disch. Dec. 24, '64, exp. of term. Taylor, E. L. Bugler Henry Brandt, Oct. 29, '61 ; belonged to Co. H ; died at Clarks- ville, Tenn., May 13, '62. COMPANY A, ONE HUNDEED AND SEVENTH REG- MENT. Mustered into service February, 1862, unless otherwise stated ; mustered out July 13, 1865. Sergt. Charles W. Conrad, Mar. 1, '62 ; wd. at Gettysburg July 1, '63 ; tr. to V. E. C. Mar. 1, '64. Privates. Brewster, Chas. W., Mar. 1, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 24, '62. Conrad, Eufus, Feb. 24, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 29, '62 ; re. in Co. H, 187th P. V. Conrad, Gerald F., Jan. 21, '61 ; diedatCulpeper C. H., Va., Jan. 2, '64. Conrad, J. Osker, Feb. 24, '62 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 20, '64 ; vet. Case, Orson, Sept. 20, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 27, '63. Clarkson, John S., Mar. 2, '62 ; capt'd at Weldon E. E., Va., Aug. 19, '64 ; disch. onsurg. cert. June 2, '65 ; vet. Hardy, Ira, Mar. 1, '62 ; wd.at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 18, '63 ; re. in Co. B, 143d. Hardy, David N., Feb. 11, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 11, '63. Hinkley, Peter B., Mar. 1, '62 ; died at Clouds' Mills, Va., May 8, '62. Hinkley, Elias, Sept. 9, '03 ; tr. to V. E. C. June 25, '64. Kunkle, George, Feb. 18, '62 ; capt'd at Bull Eun and Weldon E. R. ; died at Camp Parole, Md., April 19, '65. Lancaster, George W., May 6, '64 ; disch. by G. O. June 6, '65. Phillips, Eussell, Mar. 1, '62 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63. Tiffany, Allison, Sept. 8, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. April 14, '65. Wilmarth, Frederick A., Mar. 1, '62 ; disch. Mar. 2, '65, exp. of term. Waterman, Ira V., Sept. 14, '62 ; tr. to V. E. C. June 24, '64 ; disch. by G. O. July 6, '65. Taylor, Kendle, Mar. 9, 'f Woodward, A. B., Mar. 1, COMPANY C. Privates. ! ; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 19, '65. 62 ; disch. by G. 0. July 1, '65. COMPANY F. Jones, ThomaB J., priv., Mar. 8, '62 j disch. Feb. 2, '65, exp. of term. BATTEEY M, SECOND HEAVY ARTILLERY. Mustered into service August, 1862, unless otherwise stated; mustered out Jan. 29, 1866. 1st Lt. Urbane S. Cook, Aug. 26, '62 ; died at Fort Delaware, Del., Oct. 17, '62. 2d Lt. James Buckly, Aug. 13, '62 ; pr. from 1st sergt. Jan. 1, '65 ; disch. July 30, '65, exp. of term. Sergt.-Maj. John M. Roper, Aug. 19f '62 ; pr. from corp. Dec. 3, '64, to sergt. ; to sergt. maj. of regt. May 3, '65; disch. by G. 0. June 29, '05. Sergt. Charles S. Page, Aug. 12, '62 ; tr. to Signal Corps Dec. 5, '63. Privates. Bryant, John N., Aug. 8, '62 ; died at Fort Saratoga, D. C, Aug. 13,'63. Bryant, Chauncy E., Aug. 21, '62 ; disch. by G. O. June 20, '65. Cargill, James, Aug. 21, '62 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, '65. Dimmick, Byron, Aug. 19, '6i ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, '65. Fesenden, Simon E., Aug. 21, '62 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, '66. Hall, George W., Aug. 21, '62 ; disch. by G. 0. June 14, '65. Stone, George H., Aug. 12, '02 ; tr. to Sig. Corps Dec. 5, '63. Shew, Ezra H., Aug. 21, '62 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, '65. Sterling, Charles, Sept. 19, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, '65. Sterling, Daniel S , Sept. 19, '62 ; diBch. by G. 0. June 20, '65. Tyler, Duane L., Aug. 16, '62 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, '65. Titus, Henry P., Aug. 21, '62 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, '66. Washburn, H. V., Aug. 19, '62 ; disch. by G. 0. June 19, '65. Washburn, Michael, Aug. 21, '02 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, '65. Williams, Solomon, Sept. 19, '64 ; not on mus. out roll. The following were also members of the Second Heavy Artillery. Privates. Van Antwerp, Nicholas, Aug. 25, '64 ; Battery A ; not accounted for. Williams, Hiram G., Aug. 29, '64 ; Battery A ; disch. by G. 0. June 23, '6 5. Ives, Wm. F., Aug. 31, '64 ; Battery B ; disch. by G. 0. June 21, '65. Darrow, Charles, Aug. 30, '64 ; Battery E ; pris. 2 mos.; disch. by G. 0. June 24, '65. Parmeter, Dennis, Aug. 31, '64 ; Battery E ; disch. by G. O.June 24, '65. Parmeter, David, Aug. 31, '64 ; Battery E ; disch. by G. 0. June 24, '65. Barton, Geo. E., Aug. 26, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. 0. June 17, '65. Deans, Henry W., Aug. 21, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. 0. June 26, '65. Doloway, John W., Aug. 26, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. 0. June 26,'65. Edwards, Harmon C, Aug. 27, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. 0. June 26, '65. Foster, Jas. W., Aug. 18, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. 0. June 26, '65. Hurlburt, Charles H., Aug. 30, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. O. June 26, '65. Eeynolds, Wm. H., Aug. 26, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G.O.June 26, '65. Tingley, Mason, Aug. 29, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. 0. June 26, '65. WeBtfall, Aaron T., Aug. 26, '64 ; Battery F ; disch. by G. 0. June 26,'65. Corp. Phineas E. Phillips, Sept. 28, '62 ; Battery H ; pr. to corp. Dec. 10, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 23, '04. The following enlisted in the Third Heavy Artil- lery. Privates. Bonner, David L., Mar. 28, '64 ; Battery L, mus. out with battery Nov. 9, '66. Conrad, Martin, Mar. 28, '64 ; Battery A ; not on mus. -out roll. Carpenter, Russel, April 1, '64 ; Battery L ; not with company at mus out. Curtis, Alpheus H., Mar. 31, '64 ; Battery L; mus. out with battery Nov. 9, '65. Dimmick, Theron B. , April 1, '64 ; Battery L ; mus. out with battery Nov. 9, '65. THE REBELLION. 251 Dimmick, Lucien H., Nov. 12, '64; Battery D ; mus. out with battery Nov. 9, '65 ; vet. Dimmick, Walter, Sept. 3, '65 ; disch. by G. 0. Nov. 9, '65. Follett, Albert C, Mar. 29, '64 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Hine, N. F., Mar. 29, '64; Battery L ; previously served six months in Co. D, 188th P. V. ; mus. out, with battery. Pooler, Ira A., April 7, '63 ; Battery I ; tr. to 188th Regt. P. V. ipril 1, '64; killed at Cold Harbor. Rounds, Israel, Sept 3, '64 ; disch. June 9, '65. ReBseguie, H. T., Mar. 28, '64 ; not on muster-out roll. Rogers, Wra, Nov. 8, '62 ; Battery C ; disch. by G. 0. June 7, '65. Smyth, Willard, June 27, '64 ; Battery L; disch. by S. 0. June 8, '65. Smith, Lucian H., Mar. 31, '64 ; Battery L ; mus. out with battery Nov. 9, '65. Smith, Joseph, Nov. 10, '62 ; Battery C ; not on muster-out roll. Wilmai-th, Willard W., Mar. 25, '64 ; Battery A ; disch. by G. 0. May 25, '65. FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- TEERS. Elbert N. Barney, principal muc, Oct. 24, '61 ; Co. F ; pr. to principal muc. July 4, '64 ; mus. out with regt. July 12, '65 ; vet. Corporals. Charles S. Hallstead, Feb. 16, '65 ; Co. F ; pr. to cor. July 1, '65 ; mus. out with company July 12, '65. Lindley, Rufus P., Oct. 24, '61 ; Co. F ; re. at exp, of term ; disch. by G.O. June 12, '65 ; vet. Pi-ivates. Bailey, Minor K., Feb. 14 '65 ; Co. K ; mus. out with Co. July 12, '65. Corwin, Joshua H., Mar. 3, '65 ; Co. C ; mus. out with company. Doloway, 0. M., Mar. 3, '65 ; Co. A ; mus. out with cdmpany July 15,'65. Esterbrook, Henry, Feb. 16, '65 ; Co. F ; disch. by G. 0. June 14, '65. Gavit, Prentiss A., Sept. 16, '61 ; Co. A ; died Nov. 17, '61. Hallstead, Richard, Oct. 31, '63 ; Co. F ; drafted ; captd. July 3, '64 ; returned May 15, '65 ; mus. out with company July 12, '65. Hawley, Leslie E., Sept. 30, '63 ; Co. F ; drafted ; captd. July 3, '64 ; ab. at mus. out. Harris, Elliott, Mar. 25, '64 ; Co. H ; drafted ; mus. out with company July 12, '65. Howe, Cyrus C, Mar. 27, '64 ; Co. K ; mus. out with company July 12, 1865. Howe, Ephraim P., Feb. 14, '65 ; Co. K ; mus. out with company July 12, '65. Mitchell, A., not on mus.-out roll. Morgan, Wra, B., Mar. 24, '64 ; Co. B ; enlisted for three years ; died at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 26, '64. Overfield, Paul J., Oct. 11, '61 ; Co. B ; must, out Nov. 5, '64 ; exp. of term. (See " Overfield" Camp, Sons of Veterans.) Richardson, Lyman E., Feb. 16, '65 ; Co. F ; mus. out with company. Spencer, James R., Feb. 10, '65 ; Co. F ; ab., sick, at mus. out. Stearns, Chas. A., Feb. 15, '65 ; Co. C ; mus. out with company July 12, J865. Tiffany, Edward, Feb. 15, '65 ; Co. C; mus. out with company July 12, 1865. Thatcher, Edwin, Feb. 16, '65 ; Co. F ; mus. out with company July 12, 1865. Williams, John, Nov. 20, '63 ; Co. C ; drafted ; mus. out with company. Watrous, Orlando, Feb. 16, '65; Co. F ; mus. out with company July 12, 1865. Whitney, Henry, Feb. 17, '65 ; Co. F ; mus. out with company. Way, Thos., Co. F ; not on mus.-out roll. Walker, Ackley, Mar. 27, '64; Co. K ; en. for three years; mus. out with company. COMPANY G, ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Mustered into service April!, 1864, unless otherwise stated; mustered out August 3, 1865. Privates. Adams, Amos H., disch. by G. 0. May 15, '65. Benjamin, Asa, died at Petersburg, Va. Benjamin, James 0., mus. out with Co. Brundage, Homer N., May 17, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Clark, Andrew J., mus. out with Co. Clark, Wm. M., mus. out with Co. Conrad, James M., disch. on surg. cert. July 11, 1865. Conrad, John, mus. out with Co. Dimmick, Ami D., May 17, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Decker, Ellias O, disch. on surg. cert. Nov. 26, '64. Ely, John, died at Washington, D. C, Aug. 28, '64. Farnam, James, disch. on surg. cert. June 17, '65. Felton, Everett H., died at Washington Oct. 5, '64. Fisk, Henry, May 17, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Hallstead, Andrew, mus. out with Co. Hayden, Francis F., mus. out with Co. Hayden, Chas. J., mus. out with Co. Hayden, Harvey, mus. out with Co. Howard, John, died Feb. 15, '65. McConnell, James, May 17, '64; mue. out with Co. McDonald, Byron, mus. out with Co. Millard, Cyrus D., mus. out with Co. Payne, Francis W., mus. out with Co.; vet. Rose, Alonzo A., not with Co. at mus. out. Rosengrant, Perry, mus. out. with Co. Tewksbury, Henry, mus. out with Co. Thorn, William, mus. out with Co. Tiffany, Orrin C, killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, '64. Vergason, Ansel, died at Reading, Pa., May 7, '64. Wright, Lester, died at Brooklyn, Pa., Nov. 24, '64. White, John W., disch. on surg. cert. July 29, '65. Yarrington, Geo. E., mus. out with Co. COMPANY H. Sergt. Eldridge D. Davis, May 7, '64; pr. from cor. June 1, '65 ; mus. out. with Co. Aug. 3, '65 ; vet. Cor. John C. Allen, May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Privates. Baldwin, Geo. H., May 7, '64 ; mus. out with the Co. Aug. 3, '65 ; vet. Baldwin, James T., May 7, '64; mus. out with Co. ; vet. Baldwin, Jonathan M., May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Conrad, Henry W., Aug. 17, '64; disch. by G. 0. July 15, '65. Conrad, Rufus C, May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Dunn, Geo. M., May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Gardner, Barney A., May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Miller, Lore.n B., May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Rynearson, Cornelius, May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Stevens, Henry, May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Tiffany, Curtis W., May 7, '64 ; died at Petersburg, Va., July 29, '64. Titus, Robert O, May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Whitney, Orange P., May 7, '64 ; missing in action at Petersburg, Va., Aug. 21, '64. ty Whitney, Ebenezer B., May 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Whitney, Willard M., May 7, '64; pr. to cor. June 1, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Whiting, Henry S., May 7, '64 ; died July 5, '64, at Philadelphia, Pa. COMPANY A. Privates. Bell, Wm. J., May 4, '64; mus. out with Co. Aug. 3, '65. Bought, Daniel, March 31, '64; mus. out with Co. COMPANY K. Privates. Titman, Jacob, April 8, '64 ; mus out with Co. Aug. 3, '65. Vergason, Newell J., May 4, '64 ; mus. out with Co. COMPANY C, TWO HUNDRED AND THIRD REGIMENT. Mustered into service August, 1864 ; mustered out June, 1865. First Sergt. Silas G. Lewis, Aug. 29, '64 ; enlisted Aug. 11, '62, in Co. B, 132d P. V., for 9 months ; mus. out with Co. ; re. in Co. C, 203d P. V. ; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. O, Jan. 15, '65 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Corporals. Daniel Younker, Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. June 22, '65. Andrew Jackson, Aug. 31, '64; ab. in hos. at mus. out; previously served 9 months in Co. II, 177th. Samuel McClain, Sept, 2, '64; mus. out with Co.; previously served 9 months in Co. H, 177th. Charles H. Marshall, Aug. 31, '64 ; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, '65 ; disch. by G. 0. May 13, '65 ; previously served 7 months in Co, H, 141st P. V. Privates. Aney, Henry C, Aug. 30, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Avery, Jerome, Aug. 30, '64; mus. out witk Co. 252 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Baker, Lunis L., Aug. 31, '64 ; died at Philadelphia Sept. 25, '64. Bump, Dennis L., Aug, 31, 'Gt; ab., aick, at mua. out. Bump, Aaron P., Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Belcher, James S., Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Baldwin, Jeremiah, Aug. 31, '64 ; disch. Aug. 31, '67, to date June 22, '65. Canfield, Northrop, Aug. 30, '64; killed at Ft. Fisher, N. C. Crawford, Charles F., Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Crawford, Alpheus B., Aug. 30, '64 ; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, '65 ; ab. at mus. out. Carter, Benjamin, Aug. 31, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, '65. Culver, Samuel 0., Aug. 30, '64; mus. out with Co. Coss, Andrew L., Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Carpenter, Milo, Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Corse, Luther S., Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Conrad, Martin, Sept. 3, '64 ; not on mus. -out roll. Dailey, Christian, Aug. 30, '64; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, '05; mus. out with Co. Dunmore, Porter S., not on mus.-out roll. Dougherty, James, Sept. 6, '64 ; not on mus.-out roll. Fuller, Charles, Sept. 31, '04 ; mus. out with Co. Fuller, Josiah O., Sept. 31, '64 ; mua. out with Co. Fletcher, Geo. W., Feb. 14, '65 ; not on mus.-out roll. Green, John W., Sept. 2, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Hobbs, Nelson, Feb. 18, '65 ; died at "Wilmington, N. C., April 12, '65. Huff, Nelson J., Sept. 1, '65 ; disch. on G. 0. June 11, '65. Hillis, James, not on mus.-out roll. Jacoby, Benj. F., Sept. 3, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Lafrance, Dana S., Aug. 30, '64 ; previously served 9 months in Co. H, 177th ; mus. out with Co. Laughly, Wm. H., Aug. 30, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Lewis, Pardon, Aug. 30, "64 ; diach. by G. O. June 2, '65. Marcy, Cyrus, Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Meeker, Joseph A., Aug. 30, '64; mus. out with Co. Manning, John, Sept. 5, '64 ; not on mus.-out roll. McCracken, Wesley, Feb. 30, '64 ; mus. out with Co. McDonald, Frederick H., Feb. 29, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Newton, Zenas 0., Aug. 31, '64 ; not on mus.-out roll. Oakley, Byron, Aug. 30, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Potter, Geo. W., Aug. 31, '64 ; mua. out with Co. Page, Calvin I., Aug. 31, '64; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, '65; mus. out with Co. Payne, Jesse, Sept. 5, '64 ; mua. out with Co. Roberts, Geo. A., Aug. 31, '64 ; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, '65 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 4, '65. Biley, Patrick W., Aug. 31, '64 ; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C. ; disch. by G. 0. July 2, '65. Sisson, Benjamin, Aug. 31, '64; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. 0., Jan. 15, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Stevene, Hiram, Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Taylor, Benjamin L., Aug. 31, '64; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, '65 ; disch. by G. 0. July 3, '65. Titman, D. C, Sept. 2, '64 ; wd. at Ft. Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, '65 ; ab. in hos. at mus. out. Thoinaa, Asa, Sept. 3, '64; died at Wilmington, N. C, April 12, '65 ; bur. in Nat. Cem. Taylor, Henry C, Feb. 14, '65 ; not on mus.-out roll. Williams, Abram V., Aug. 31, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 13, '65. Washburn, Alonzo, Aug. 31, '64 ; died in Susquehanna County Sept. 12, '64. Wilber, James, Aug. 30, '64 ; mus. out with Co. ; previously Berved in 137th N. Y. COMPANY D. Privates . Belcher, John W., Aug. 31, '64 ; mua. out with Co. June 22, '65. Maines, Gk>. A., Aug. 31, '64; mus. out with Co. Rifenberry, Philip H., Aug. 31, '64; ab. on detached serv. at mus. out. Rifenberry, James L., Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Van Scoten, Andrew, Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. Washburn, Ebenezer, Aug. 31, '64 ; mus. out with Co. COMPANY E. '64 ; pr. to cor. Nov. 1, '64; mus. out with Co. Cor. A. E. Brush, £ June 22, '65. Privates. Brush, Albert G., Sept. 5, '64; mus. out with Co. Bunnell, James M., Sept. 6, '64 ; died at New York City Feb. 4, '65, of wds. received at Ft. Fisher. Hewitt, William, Sept. 5, '64; mus. out with Co. Leavitt, Hiram N. Sept. 5, '64 ; mua. out with Co. Smith, Jonas, Sept. j, '64; killed at Ft. Fisher Jan. 15, '65. Teel, Robert G., Sept. 5, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, '65. Tennant, Lewis W., Sept. 5, 'G4 ; disch. by G. 0. July 6, '65. Very, Miles T., Sept. 5, '64 ; mua. out with Co. Very, Luther L., Sept. 5, '64 ; urns, out with Co. Witter, Geo. G., Sept. 3, '61 ; mus. out with Co. Williams, Warner H., Sept. 5, '64 ; died at Moorehead City, N. C, Feb. 20, 'G5. COMPANY F. Private, Tower, Perrington R., Sept. 7, '64 ; mus. out with Co. June 22, '65. COMPANY K. Privates. Blodgett, Frederick, not on mus.-out roll. Hillis, Jamea 1 ", Sept. 5, '64; mis. inaction Oct. 5, '64. COMPANY I, ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH REGI- MENT. Mustered in September 26, 1861, unless otlierwise stated ; mustered out Sep- tember, 1864 ; the men transferred to Companies C and H, were dis- charged August 25, 1865, unless otherwise noted. Privates. Armstrong, Thoa., Oct. 30, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Bryant, Charles, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Barriger, Wm., Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Bennett, R. W. F., Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co C Sept. 24, '64. Brown, Wm., Jan. 5, '64 ; drafted; tr. to the TJ. S. Navy June 25, '64. Boyer, Israel, died at Hilton Head, S. C, June 20, '64. Betz, Peter, drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Coleman, Charles H., Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Carter, Wm., Jan. 8, '62 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Denny, Geo., Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Devine, Michael, drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64 , not with Co. at mus. out. Decker, Geo. W., Jan. 6, '64 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64 ; died July 3, '65, of wds. rec. in action. Fleming, Geo., not on mus.-out roll. Gleason, Jas. J., Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64 ; disch. by G. O. June 17, 'f5. Gorman, Isaac, drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64 ; pr. to cor. Harvey, Win., drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64 ; disch. by G. O. June 17, '65. Hartman, Franklin, drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Hillpot, Jonas F., July 28, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Lynn, John, drafted ; tr. to U. S. Navy June 25, '64. Murphy, Thos. J., Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Minnig, Edward, Sept. 23, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. O'Dell, Thaddeus, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Person, David, Sept. 24, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Resseguie, John, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64; disch. by G. 0. June 30, '65. Smith, Jas. C, July 24, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to U. S. Navy June 25, '64. Smith, Chas. I., Sept. 25, '63 ; drafted; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. * Sprague, Harrison, not on muster roll. Strickler, Jonathan, drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Snyder, Jacob, drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Stockhouse, Wm. E., Oct. 19, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Schooley, Peter, Oct. 19, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Sackett, Charles, Oct. 19, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, '65. Shirk, Wm., Sept. 25, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Schoonover, Daniel, Jan. 6, 'G4 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Stone, Oscar, Mar. 3, '65 ; mus. out Aug. 25, '65. Tanner, Cyrus, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Tanner, Mordecai C, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. Walker, Francis M. ( Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. C Sept. 24, '64. COMPANY K. Private Mason C. Richardson, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. H Sept. 24, '64. Private Carman Sprague, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; tr. to Co. H Sept. 24,'64. COMPANY C. Private Thoa. Murphy, Oct. 21, '63 ; drafted ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 25, ! 65. th:e} rebellion. 253 Eighty-ninth Regiment New York Volun- teers. — The Eighty-n inth Regiment New York State "Veteran Volunteers was raised by the Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson, and were mostly from Broome, Delaware and Chenango Counties, N. Y. Companies G and K had quite a number from Susquehanna County, Pa. .They were mustered into the United States service on the 18th day of October, 1861, at Elmira, for three years, or during the war. The regi- ment was called the Dickinson Guards. The field and staff were Colonel H. S. Fairchilds, from Roches- ter ; Lieutenant-Colonel J. C. Robie, of Binghamton ; and Major Wm. Everetts, of Binghamton. About Nov. 18th the regiment was ordered to Washington and remained there about thirty days on the Bladens- burg turnpike. While there they were presented with a beautiful State flag by the daughter of the Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson. The presentation address was made by Vice-President Hannibal Hamlin. The regiment was assigned to the Ninth Corps, and went on the Burnside expedition to Hatteras. The regi- ment sailed on the ship " Arecan." The vessel drawing nineteen feet of water, and there being only twelve feet of water on the Hatteras bar, they were forced to remain at anchor outside the bar twenty-eight days in a terrible storm. The twenty-eighth day, after throwing out the ballast, the ship was towed over the bar. The regiment was rendered unfit for duty on account of the rough passage. They remained on Hatteras about six weeks, and from there went to Roanoke Island. Their first battle was on the 19th of April, 1862, General Reno being in command, and was a grand victory, causing the evacuationof Nor- folk. The regiment remained with Burnside, and was with him at Fredericksburg, and from there went to Washington, and there joined McClellan's army. Were the first troops in Frederick Valley, where they met with a grand reception from the citizens for driving the rebels from their beautiful city. The regiment was in the battle of South Mountain and received the last grand charge made by the rebels on the left, and were under the command of the gallant Reno until he was killed. The regiment was on the extreme left of the line at Antietam and crossed on the stone dam below the bridge. Under a galling fire they captured two guns and charged into the town of Sharpsburg ; but Stonewell Jackson coming up, they were forced to cut their way through the rebel lines, losing very heavily. The regiment fol- lowed Burnside to Fredericksburg and were the first to cross the river in boats, and with one hundred men, captured double this number of prisoners, and held the centre of the town, in front of the Lacey House, until the bridge was laid. For their bravery they received a vote of thanks from Congress. They were in the battle the next day and lost nearly one-half of their number. The regiment did duty at Fred- ericksburg through the winter and then went south to Charleston, remaining there about seven months, taking part in the siege of Charleston. About the 15th of April, 1864, they were ordered to join Butler's army and were with him at the first battle of Peters- burg, Bermuda Hundred and Drury's Bluff, taking an active part in all engagements ; also at Suffolk, and captured sixty-three on the Nansemond River. Captured a fort, one hundred and sixty-five prisoners and six pieces, four of which were captured from Getty's battery at the battle of Bull Run. They were in the battle of Suffolk the 20th day of May. At Suf- folk they crossed the river and charged into A. P. Hill's headquarters, capturing his baggage and some of his staff. They were with Grant at Cold Harbor, being the last to leave the trenches ; from there they went by boat to Petersburg and were in the 'advance on Petersburg on the 15th of June ; the first into the fort said to be captured by colored troops under Smith ; were continually under fire and fighting from the 15th until the 20th ; were in the battles of Cha- pin's Farm, Mine Run and Weldon Railroad, and all engagements until the war closed. Lieutenant-Colo- nel Robie resigned at Roanoke, and Captain England was made lieutenant-colonel. Major Everetts was injured at Camden by falling from a battery, injuring his spine and unfitting him from duty ; he was trans- ferred to the Invalid Corps. In 1863 Lieutenant Frank Tremain was promoted to major, and was killed at Petersburg. The regiment was fitted "up three times, having on the rolls about fifteen hun- dred names, and when mustered out at the close oi the war only about three hundred answered to their names. They were called " Burnside's Pets," " Bat- tlecats,'' and " the regiment that never ran from the enemy." EIGHTY-NINTH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. Major, Frank W. Tremain 1 Lieutenant Co. G, John B. Russell. 2 Orderly Sergeant, Co. K, George Pheros. Corporal, Jeremiah Donovan. Privates. Atwell, Paul, Co. K Hayes, James,' Co. K Atwell, Elijah, Co. K Hurlburt, Geo. H., Co. K Atwell, Charles, Co. K Howard, Alson,» Co. K Bisbee, Noah,3 Co. K Kenyon, Herbert, Co. G Carrier, Joseph W., Co. H King, Percy, 1 " Co. K Carrier, Scott, Co. H Knapp, Job, Co. K Crocker, John W., Co. H Knight, Christopher, 11 Co. K Crocker, Stephen G., Co. H Lacey, S. W., Co. K Donley, Thomas, Co. D Lacey, W. C, Co. K Foot, Andrew,* Co. K Lawson, Charles, 12 Co. K Fitzgibbons, Patrick, 6 Co. D Merret, Emory, 13 Co. A Gates, E. F., Co. H McKune, G. E ," Co. K Hall, R. H.,« Co. G Meeker, Nelson^ Co. K Haynes, Hobart,' Co. G Miller, Hebron, Co. K Haynes, Warren, Co. G Newton, George, 16 Co. H 1 Killed before Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. (See "Tremain" Post, G. A. R.) 2 Wounded before Petersburg. 3 Wounded, with loss of leg. 4 Killed bofore Petersburg, Va. 6 Killed at Antietam, Md. 6 Wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., in right thigh Dec. 13, 1862, and again in same place June 18, 1864, before Petersburg, Va. 7 Wounded at Chapin's Farm. 8 Wounded before Petersburg, Va. ° Died in prison. 10 Prisoner. 11 Killed at South Mountain, Md. 12 Wounded before Petersburg and taken prisoner. la Died in service. 14 Wounded in front of Petersburg, Va. u Discharged for disability. 1G Prisoner in Salisbury, N. C. 254 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Pherps, Lafayette, Co. K RobinBon, Leander, Co. K Rood, Silas C.,i Co. K Keed, Ichabod S., Co. K Eussell, Plinney A., 2 Co. G Ryne, John, Co. K Spafford, Lorenzo D., Co. K Taylor, James C.,3 Co. K Tiel, Elmer,* Co. G Tobey, John L., Co. G Watrous, Edgar, 6 Co. D Winters, D. C, Co. K. Sixteenth New York Independent Battery. — This battery was recruited by Captain Milo W. Lock at Binghamton, Broome County, N. Y., in the fall of 1861, commencing in September, and went into barrack and was there under instruction until March 10, 1862, when it was ordered to Washington, D. C, where it operated in the defence of that city until July, when it was assigned to Burnside's Ninth Corps, which it joined at Fredericksburg, Va. When the army left there it was returned to the defence of Washington, at Alexandria, Va., and was in the de- fence of the city until April 5, 1863, when it was transferred to the army under General Peck, at Suf- folk, Va., where it first participated in active opera- tions. From there it went in June with the demonstra- tions against Richmond, by the way of Bottom's Bridge, Va. Upon its return it was assigned to duty at Fort Yorktown, Va. There becoming greatly de- pleted by sickness, it was relieved from duty, and sent to Portsmouth, Va., to recruit, where it remained until November 15, 1863, when it was sent to join General Heckman's command at Newport News, Va., where it veteranized in December, 1863. The men not re-enlisting were assigned to Battery H, Third New York Artillery, until the return of the veterans and many recruits, when it was reorganized under Captain R. H. Lee, and assigned to the Second Divi- sion, Eighteenth Corps, with which it operated before Petersburg, Va., being actively engaged in its many encounters with the enemy, especially at the taking of Fort Harrison, Chapin's Farm and Newmarket Heights, when, at the organization of the force for the Fort Fisher expedition, it was transferred to the Second Division, Tenth Corps, and participated in both the first and second expeditions and final reduc- tion of the fort, January 16, 1865, as well as all the subsequent movements of General A. H. Terry against and capture of Wilmington, N. C. The advance and co-operation with Sherman's army through North Carolina to Raleigh, N. C, when the battery went into camp, and remained till June 25, 1865, when it started on the return home by rail and boat to Elmira, N. Y., where, on the 8th of July, it was mustered out, having served nearly four years. When first enlisted it was known as the Dickinson Light Artillery, in honor of Daniel S. Dickinson. This battery sustained an honorable reputation, and although its losses in action were not severe, it suffered heavily by disease, having on its rolls at different times more than three hundred and thirty men. 1 Died in hospital. 2 Wounded before Petersburg, Va., with loss of leg. 3 Died of wounds received at Antietam, Md. 4 Wounded before Peters- burg, Va. 6 Died in hospital. SIXTEENTH INDEPENDENT NEW YORK BATTERY (" DICKINSON " LIGHT ARTILLERY). 1st Lt. Thomas Moses. 2d Lt. G. W. Powers. 1st Sergt Sylvester L. French. Corjporah. Benoni Lewis William Moses Bryant, Geo. S. Bryant, R. 0. Bryant, C. D. Bostwick, Clark 6 Canfleld, Benson 7 Dunmore, Curtis R. Estabrook, E. W. Gaige, Isaac B. German, Wm. Privates. Garregan, Wm. Henderson, R. N. Layton, John Miller, James A. Minkler, Chester P. Mooney, Michael Martin, Frederick Taylor, William Van Wagner, Alfred ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. John Brackney, Adjt. of Regt. Allard, Oliver H. Brown, Zachary, Co. A Comfort, John R., Co. I Casterline, Chas. R., Co. I Clapper, John, Co. I Duren, Cyrus, Co. I Fuller, John L. Foster, Willis S., Co. G Fox, Alberti 0., Co. B Gage, John HawkiDS, Chas., Co. B Hinchman, John Howard, Enos 8 Hilborn, John, Co. L Ingraham, Jonathan, Co. F Knapp, Albert, Co. B Lawler, Peter, Co. B Lovelace, Joseph 9 Meeker, Norman Runkle, Frank Roberts, Asahel L. Reynolds, John P., Co. B Spinnings, Daniel D. 1 ^ Spinnings, Theron n SummertoD, Thos., Co. B Spoor, Wm., Co. B Tarbox, James, Co. B Thatcher, 8. N. Tarbox, Charles 12 Tarbox, David i» Tarbox, Geo. (re-enlisted) Tarbox, Samuel H. Van Horn , Samuel, Co. I Van Horn, Nathaniel, Co. I Van Horn, John, Co. I Van Horn, Hampton, Co. I Whitney, Geo. W. Whitney, John 0. Whitney, Roderick B. u Webster, Alexander Wilbur, Frederick Wakeley, Nathaniel Wood, Stephen ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. Barney, D. W., Co. K Cortright, Dennis, Co. H Cortright, Richard, Co. H Cortright, John, Co. H Clifford, John, Co. H Dowd, James, Co. H Finn, Patrick, Co. H Fox, James H., Co. H Fessenden, James B., Co. H 15 Gifford, John M., Co. H i« Lentzen, Augustus H. 17 Martin, Frederick H. !S O'Doud, James, Co. H O'Shaughnessy, James, Co. H Stone, Nelson, Co. H Senterson, Augustus, Co. H Williams, Edmond B., Co. K " Walker, John T., Co. A M FIFTIETH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEER ENGINEERS. Barnes, Frank, Co. I Brown, Elmer, Co. I Brooks, Henry L. Brown, Orville,=i Co. G Carpenter, Daniel Coon, S. S. Dix, George, Co. I Holland, William, Co. B Lamont, G. K., Co. V Moore, Joseph, Co. F Morrison, James, Co. B McKernan, James, 1st, Co. Pooler, George E. Steenback, Nelson Sackett, Edwin Whitney, J. B., Co. F Whitney, L. B., Co. F. 6 Wounded at Chapin's Farm, Va. ? Died in service. 8 Died in service 9 Wounded at Savannah, Ga. u> Wounded. « Wounded, with loss of leg. 12 Wounded at Lookout Mountain ; re-enlisted. 13 Wounded at GettyS' burg, Pa. " Died in hospital. » Be-enlisted in 34th N. Y. Light Artil- lery; injured at Petersburg, Va. '« Wounded. " Killed at Petersburg, « Died in service, is Wounded. 2 » Died April, 1864. 2 ' Died in the ser- vice. THE KEBELLION. 255 FIFTH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. Charles A. Crandall, 1 Co. A Avis, Henry Baxter, Daniel, Co. E Birdsall, Perry, Co. E Bliss, Edwin Birdsall, Chester, Co. E Barnum, Newell 2 Hawes, Leroy, wounded. Jenner, Edward Markham, Chas. C, died in hos. Mooney, John, Jr., Co. E Quick, Joseph, Co. D Rhinevault, Sylvester P.,s Co. D Spafford, Abijah, Co. D Williams, John E., Co. G Weston, Matthew, Co. D Weston, James K., 4 Co. D United States Signal Corps.— The Signal Corps of the army comprised about two thousand five hun- dred men and officers, and was divided into detach- ments of from eight to twelve, and assigned to the different departments and army corps. The duties of the corps consisted principally in transmitting mes- sages by a code of signals, using flags by day and torches at night. It was their duty to observe and make known the position and movements of the ene- my, which information could only be gained from the highest points attainable, and often they constructed towers several hundred feet high. The service was valuable in guiding the movements of the army, and the signal stations were often targets for the enemy's sharp-shooters and cannoneers. The following served in the Signal Corps : Beach, Henry L. Barney, George W. Case, Benjamin T. Cruser, Bela J. Colter, Patrick Deans, Horace A. Dutcher, Albert Gow, William Charles S. Page 5 Privates. Lane, Samuel F. s Magee, H. A. Bobbins, Francis E. Stone, George H. 7 Sterling, Alfred L. Tiffany, John H. Thayer, William E. Wade, Byron R. COMPANY B, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT, DRAFTED MILITIA. Mustered into service November, 1862 ; mustered out August, 1863. Captains. Arthur M. Phillips 8 Benjamin F. Gardner First Lieutenant, William Miller. Second Lieutenant, James C. Decker. William F. West (1st) Nathan D. English Douglass S. Miller Martin L. Miller Abram L. Wiedman Edward C. Reynolds George W. Keiser Corporals. Harlo Quick George W. Brownell John Carpenter Benton Coleman Nathan W. Foster Warren H. White Milo Felts Isaiah Lesh H. H. Reivenburg i Was under sixteen at enlistment ; served to close of war. In 1872 enlisted in Seventh Regiment Cavalry ; promoted to sergeant ; was one of the few survivors of those with Custer at "Little Big Horn" ; died in 1885 of disease contracted in service. 2 Was General Sheridan's flag-bearer at Five Forks, Va. ; mustered out in 1865 ; veteran. a Killed at battle of Wilderness. * Killed in service. 6 Transferred from One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Volun- teers. 6 Transferred from First Pennsylvania Cavalry. T Transferred from One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Volun- teers. 8 Died December 13, 1862. Daniel S. Skinner Privates. Allen, John C. Arnold, Gilbert M. Berry, Charles R. Bailey, Otis Bell, Alonzo Barrett, James Cordner, William Cameron, Thomas Camemn, John Coleman, James Coney, William F. Conrad, Martin (re-enlisted). Decker, Elias Davis, Eldridge Foley, Michael Finch, Isaac B. Golden, Martin J. Green, George W. Gritman, Dewitt C. Goodrich, Samuel F. Gardner, Harrison Harding, Stucky M. Hurlburt, David Jerrould, George Kibler, Abraham Kenyon, Burton D. Lamphere, John Lohr, Charles T. Lewis, William J. Moon, Samuel 0. MapeB, George W. Melody, Charles Montgomery, W. A. Mantzer, Horatio McNamara, Richard D. Payne, Franklin W. (re.) Parsons, Sextus E. Pass, William Pell, Philander Phillips, Noah Pardon M. Green t. Price, William Payne, Alonzo A. Payne, Charles M. Poison, James Robinson, Benjamin C. Rivenberry, Benjamin F. Bitter, Reuben Bought, Sylvester L. Rankin, William Rynearson, Israel Rounds, Zenas Reese, John R. Resseguie, Nelson Ransom, Alonzo A. Reimbold, Benjamin Reeves, Simeon Smith, Washington G, Squires, Lewis B. Smith, Ebert Sweet, Jeremiah Siley, John Smith. Nicholas Smith, Ziba B. Smith, John A. Smith, James C. Smith, William Sumnerell, Sterling F. 9 Stanford, Eugene L. Taylor, John Titus, Myron J. Truesdell, Charles M. Van Campen, M. J. Williams, James Whipple, Henry Wademan, Samuel E. Wilkinson, Robert W. Whitman, Julian E. Whiting, George S. Wiedman, George S. Youngs, Nicholas COMPANY E, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY -SEVENTH REGIMENT, DRAFTED MILITIA. Mustered into service November, 18G2 ; mustered out August, 1863. Captain, Lewis M. Bunnell. First Lieutenant, Joseph D. Davis. Second Lieutenant, William Cunningham. 1st, Henry Keller Horace J. Kelly Henry D. Bruster Charles D. Tingley William Keller Samuel C. Avery Forest F. Sweet William Pickering James K Hamilton Austin, Nelson C. Altimus, John D. Adams, John F. 12 Avery, Nathan P.13 Augdin, Daniel James Hendrickson James C. Harding Thomas D. Reese 10 Joseph F. Stewart 11 Corporals, Leonard E. Stanford Gilford M. Wrighter Elias E. Coffman James Cleaveland D. A. Sinsabaugh Musicians. Lewis Arnold Privates. Ball, Thomas (re-enlisted) Barnes, Rufus Benson, Austin Baragas, Theodore A. Bradley, Luke 9 Died at Harrisburg December 9, 1862. 10 Promoted to quartermaster-sergeant Dec. 3, 1862. 11 Promoted to hospital steward Dec. 3, 1862. 12 Died at Portsmouth, Va., Nov. 10, 1862. 13 Died at Deep Creek, Va., June 2, 1863. 256 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Burkheart, Geo. W. Burkheart, H. A. Baragan, Simeon (re-enlisted) Brattlebaugh, J, M.i Brant, Chas. D. Coil, Henry Carpenter, Cyrus B. Carson, Robert Chapman, Joseph Cramer, Bitner Corie, Wilson Carson, James S. Carrier, Myron Clenson, John 2 Dowd, William Doyle, William 0. Davis, Ezekiel Furgeson, John Guild, Charles Gillespie, William F. Goodrich, Manzer J. Hefflefinger, W. J. Hendrickson, S. W. Hadden, Bartholomew Hathaway, R. M. Halstead, Richard B. (re.) Halstead, Chas. S. (re-enlisted) Harding, Elijah C. Hill, Pardon Hobert, James (re-enlisted) Hileman, David T. Halstead, John A. Jamison, William Johnson, William Kelley, David Kelley, Samuel Kunkle, Emanuel E. Loughery, Wilson Leonard, Barney Long, Madison Lytle, David S. Morton, John Mock, Samuel Maloy, Joseph Mulvehill, Thomas Mikesell, Solomon McCarrell, David McCullough, John McLeod, Enos McHenry, Levi W. Neal, John Osman, Andrew Page, Walter B. Robinson, Miles H. Rhea, Joseph Risinger, David Stewart, Archibald A. Spencer, William F. Sloab, Stephen M. Spearbeck, Theodore A. Steel, Joseph H. Snyder, George Tennant, Lewis W. Tennant, Walter (re-enlisted) Tooley, John H. Taylor, Charles M. Tiffany, Alonzo (re-enlisted) Tiffany, Amos N. Tennant, Myron Williams, Sherman Wilber, Henry J. Williams, Solomon (re-enlisted) Williams, Ralph 3 Yonkinburg, A. Young, Albert 4 First, George E. Dodge First, A. C. Parliman 5 Thomas J. Nicholson Peter A. Conrad Emory B. Larribee COMPANY H, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT, DRAFTED MILITIA. Mustered into service November, 1862 ; mustered out August, 1863. Captain, Edward W. Rogers. Second Lieutenant, Samuel Smith. Sergeants. James McCauly George H. France Corporals. George K. Cooley 6 Thomas Foley Musicians. JohnL. Williams Privates. Adams, James E.7 Chamberlain, Lewis Bagley, Edward P. Carey, Chesterfield Bryant, Harvey Conway, Henry Bartle, John Colby, Lawrence 8 Buel, Nathan Chamberlain, Levi Brink, Porter Cooley, George K. Blakeslee, Lewis Downs, James 8 Biglow, John Downs, John Cadden, Owen Dutcher, Stephen io Chamberlin, C. K. Edgecome, Lyman Cole, Charles 0. Felton, Christian Cromwell, John Ford, George D. 1 Transferred to Company K Dec. 30, 1862. 2 Died Mar. 6, 1863. 8 Died at Suffolk, Va., Feb. 1, 1863. 4 Died at Suffolk, Va., Jan. 21, 1863. 6 Discharged on surgeon's certificate April 18, 1863. 6 Died at Suffolk, Va,, February 0, 1863. 7 Re-enlisted in Ninth New York Heavy Artillery. 8 Not with company at muster out. s Re-enlisted in Company A, Fifty-third Regiment. io Discharged on surgeon's certificate November 12, 1862. France, Wesley L. Filan, John Hill,MinorR.n Hathaway, Raynsford Hurlburt, David Jackson, Scriver Knapp, Lebius Lagier, Benjamin Lane, Daniel W. Lalley, John Lathrop, William K. * 2 Lewis, Obadiah McCannon, James Many, Henry C. 13 Munson, Edward Mills, John E. Mills, Dwight Murphy, Matthew McLane, Samuel Nicholson, James Nichols, Henry Otis, Theodore 1* Pettis, George Pooler, George E. Quick, Stephen Rose, Henry C. Sheldon, Daniel L. Stage, Richard H. (re-enlisted) Schryver, Jackson Titman, Philip ™ Wrighter, Marvin 0. Whitaker, Edwin Warner, John T. Warner, Amos COMPANY B, TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT PENNSYL- VANIA MILITIA. Mustered in June 19-24, 1863 ; discharged July 27, 1863. Captains. William H. Jessup "> William E. Post First Lieutenant, Benjamin S. Bentley Second Lieutenant, Henry F. Atherton. Sergeants. Henry C Foster Charles H. Webb Charles F. Watrous William H. Stebbins (re-enlisted) William L. Cox Corporals George F. Bentley Marcus Hunter William E. Thayer Lewis Langdon Musician, Henry F. Keeler Privates Atherton, Jesse L. Barnes, Nathaniel A. Beach, Judson (re-enlisted) Baldwin, Lyman M. (re-enlisted) Bostwick, Mahlon Barber, Isaac Bors, Joseph D. Chandler, Benjamin L. Oruser, Bela J. (re-enlisted) Chapman, Joseph L. Du Bois, Joseph Dunmore, Hamilton H. Dodd, Thomas P. Dutcher, Lewis Dolloway, John W. (re-enlisted) Dolloway, Silas Fletcher, Joseph B. Fisk, James M. Fargo, Elbert R. Faunt, Augustus W. Frink, Charles A. Fessenden, Charles Fordham, De Witt C. Foster, George Gerretson, Andrew J. Griffin, Isaac Howard, Calvin L. Hungerford, John R. (re.) Handrick, Jooeph P. Lines, Orrin A. Little, George P. Lines, Henry C. (re-enlisted) Mott, Edson Mahoney. Daniel Meeker, Henry C. Mulford, Benjamin H. Mack, Theodore F. (re-enlisted) Moore, Linus W. McKinney, James J. Oakley, Joseph Odell, William N. Porter, Addison Randall, John H. Rogers, Edward J. Reynolds, Philander (re.) Rose, William S. (re-enlisted) Reed, William T. Rutherford, Samuel P. Quick , Alvah Sayre, Benjamin C. Sprout, James M. Smith, Charles H. Smith, Edward R. Sherman, Christopher Scott, Irving Southworth, Almond L. (re.) Summers, Orner N. Thayer, Leroy Taylor, Jonathan D. Torrey, Henry F. Tingley, Edwin R. Todd, Lewis S. Todd, Alonzo L. Underbill, S. S. ii Discharged, date unknown. 12 Absent, sick, at muster out. 13 Discharged on surgeon's certificate January 7, 1863. 14 Transferred to Company I. One Hundred and Sixty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, November 18, 1862. iB Discharged on surgeon's certificate March 5, 1863. 16 Promoted to major of regiment. THE REBELLION. 257 Van Auken, Cortright Williams, Joseph H. Warren, Charles A. Watrous, Benjamin S. Williams, Augustus H. Waterman, Russell COMPANY D, THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT PENNSYL- VANIA MILITIA. Mustered m July 2, 1863 ; mustered out August 7, 1863. Captain, Calvin C. Halsey First Lieutenant, Edwin L. Weeks Second Lieutenant, Charles A. Ward Albert B. Alger Charles Uptegrove Alfred B. Tingley ■George H. Leal Anderson, John (Re.) Ainey, Albert J Avery, Horace G. Baldwin, Alexander B. Bennett, Wm. H. H. (Re.) Bailey, Ebenezer T. Bailey, Elisha Barager, Jonathan (Re.) Barrager, Simeon (Re.) Barnes, Myron (Re.) Blackineton, Merrit Blakeslee, Riley W. (Re.) Bullock, Lyman. Ballard, Frederick 0. Chamberlain, Durand Colvin, Geo. N. Davis, Clark E. Ely, Edgar C. Ester, John N. (Re.) Evans, Samuel. Farnum, Wm. A. Farnum, Zenas N. (Re.) Fuller, Francis Gillett, Ulric B. Groo, John. Hanyon, Adam (Re.) Ingalls, Henry. Frederick D. Warner David P. Maynard (Re.) John C. Lacey, Jr Miner K. Williams Andrew F. Ely Corporals. Robert S. Shoemaker Gilbert R. Stiles George D. Silvius Wm. W. Cowles Musician, Jas. Southworth Privates . Kellogg, Henry N. (Re.) Knapp, Chauncy L. Loomis, Horatius N. Lott, Edward C. Lyman, Thomas W. (Re). Lyman, Wilbur. Mann, Findlay W. Marcy, John J. Martin, Edward A. Mills, Albert. Mills, Obey S. Morgan, Wm. B. Paine, Albert B, Peck, Collins. Place, Armstrong B. Russell, Frank D. Rosengrantz, Hiram. Service, Robert Stevens, Frank D. Taylor, Davis J. Taylor, Llewellyn (Re.) Tiffany, Geo. B. Thompson, Cyrus Warner, Sidney. Warner, Wm. W. (Re.) Whipple, Chas. J. Whitney, Duane. COMPANY F, TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT PENNSYL- VANIA MILITIA. Mustered in June 20, 1863 ; discharged, Aug. 1, 1863. Second Lieutenant, Horatio G. Hotchkiss Musician, Ransaler McFarland . Privates. Aneon, Enos Adams, J. T. Comfort, N. R. Chase, J. A. Drake, G. F. Eastwood, Wm. Mayo, Lyman. Patrick, Orrin Robinson, H. J, Scott, L. W. Shew, A. L. Shutts, J. D. Taylor, J. 0. Van Barrager, H. Wakeman, B. Westfall, Geo. W. CAPTAIN RICHARD VAN VALKENBURG'S COMPANY. Organized September 15, 1862 ; discharged September 24, 1862. Captain, Richard Van Valkenburg First Lieutenant, La Fayette Fitch Second Lieutenant, William H. Jessup Alphonso H. Smith Sheridan G. Pache Henry C. Foster Daniel Say re Orrin A. Lines (Re.) Edward Musician, Atherton, Jesse L. Avery, Jerome (Re.) Boyd, Wm. H. Bard, Cyrus W. Bentley, Benjamin S., Jr. Brackney, John Blakeslee, Benjamin F. Beebe, Orson P. Chandler, Francis B. Conrad, Horace J. Crandall, Charles M. Cooley, Zenas L. Carpenter, David B. Dumore, Hamilton H. Darrow, Augustus. Doolittle, Lyman E. Dunham, Lewis R. Day, Charles C. Ely, Edgar C. Fordham, De Witt C. Fordham, Gilbert F. Faurott, Augustin W. Fletcher, Joseph B. Griffin, Bela Grow, John Granger, Edward Harris, Isaac Hungerford, Clark E. (Re.) House, Wm. A. Hunter, Marcus Jessup, George A. Johnson, Henry P. Johnson, Cassius. Little, George P. Corporals. Wm. E. Thayre J. Rogers Henry F. Keeler Privates. Lyman, James H. Langdon, Lewis Loomis, Horatio P. Lung. Jesse B. Loomis, Norman P. Mulford, Benjamin H. Meacbam, Leman F. Millard, Seward E. McCollum, J. B Pierce, Wm. L. Pierson, Henry N. Phillips, Jonas Post, Norman J. Park, Solomon T. Robinson, Miles H. Stephens, Chandler (Re.) Sherman, Christopher Smith, Charles H. Shipman, Frederick E. Southworth, Henry M. Smith, Justus Sheldon, Nelson W. Simpson, Wm. B. (Re.) Smales, Wm. Tyler, Henry C. Tyrrell, Seth Tiffany, Theron W. (Re.) Thompson, Horace V. Vought, Wm. H. Webb, Chas. H. Welsh, Daniel T. Wheelock, Ziba Wilson, Chas. D. Young, James. ; en. Sept. 4, '62 ; mus. IDENTIFIED MISCELLANEOUS LIST. The following list evidences the fact that Susque- hanna County "boys" served in every arm of the service, both on sea and land, and that they " took the touch of elbows " with the patriotic sons of almost every loyal State. Alexander, Wm., Bur. U. S. Vols. Ainey, Peter, priv., Co. K, 1st N. J. Vols. ; wd. at Wilderness and captd.; died in Andersonville. Ainey, Nicholas 0., priv., Co. G, 13th Pa. Cav. out with Co. July 14, '65. Allen, Abram, killed in battle. Alpaugh, Wm., Co. G, 9th N. T. Heavy Art. Ambrose, David, Co. B, 2d Del. Inf. Adams, Jas. E., Co. G, 9th N. Y. Heavy Art. Adams, E. L., Co. G, 35th Pa. Militia. Archer, Geo. W.. Co. A, 11th N. Y. Cav. Avery, Eli L., Co. L, 1st N. Y. Vet. Cav. Archer, Thos. J , priv., Co. A, 16th Pa. Cav. ; with Co. Aug. 11, '65. Adams, Chas. G., Co. H, 8th P. V. Brush, Dr. P. E.. surg. U. S. Vols. Bushnell, Henry L, priv., Co. K, 83d P. V wdsi rec. at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, '62. Blakeslee, J. G., Co. G, 81st N. Y. Vols. ; died in service. Bolles, Jasper, 22d N. Y. Cav. ; was a prisoner in Andersonville ; died of starvation. Beebe, E. L., Co. K, 185th N. Y. Vols. ; wd. at Five Forks, Va. ; disch. June 12, '65. Brewster, Samuel T., 2d Mass. Cav. ; died in service. Burns, Andw. B., hos. stew. 134th P. V. ; en. Sept. 10, '62 ; mus. out with regt. May 26, '63. Barns, Henry, artificer, Co. K, 15th N. Y. Eng. Oct. 28, '62 ; disch- en. Sept. 1, '61 ; died of 258 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Bowell, Thos. S., Co. A, 16th Pa. Cav. ; en. Oct. 28, '62 ; pr. to cor. ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 11, '65. Beaumont, Thos., Co. 1, 177th P. D. M. Brotzman, Wm, Co. L, 13th Pa. Cav. ; en. Nov. 7, '62 ; killed Sept. 26, 1864. Benninger, Adam, Co. F, 107th P. V. ; en. Mar. 8, '62 ; wd. ; ab. at mus. out. Burchell, Horace, Co. D, 76th P. V. Barrett, Hollis A., Battery E, 1st Pa. Art. Barrett, Geo. W., Co. B, Kith N. Y. Heavy Art. Barnes, Stephen, 9th N. J. Vols. Bryant, David L, 1st N. Y. Mounted Rifles. Birchard, Albert, en. Aug., '62 ; killed on picket-line in front of Peters- burg, Va. Bronson, George C, Co. G, 71st Cal. Vols. ; wd. at Wilderness May 23, 1865. Baxter, Silas, Scott Legion. Bowell, Geo. E., Battery A, 1st N. J. Art. ; en. Jan., '64 ; disch. June 17, 1865. Bliss, James H., Co. I, 22d N.Y. Cav. ; wd. and captd. ; died in Ander- sonville. Brock, Silah, 124th Begt. X. Y. Vols. Bristol, Silas M., Co. G, 9th X. Y. Heavy Art. Burns, Michael L., Co. B, 1st Bat. U. S. Inf. Burns, James H., Co. B, 1st Bat. U. S. Inf. Brush, F. E., Ullman's Pa. Batt. Brown, C. L., priv., Co. D, 97th P. V.; en. Nov. 24, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, '65. Bailey, James, priv., Co. B, 12th Pa. Res. ; en. Nov. 13, '61 ; died at Acquia Creek, Va., Dec. 1, '62. Blakeslee, It. W., was in Co. D, 35th Pa. Mil. ; re. in Co. I, 22d N. Y. Cav., Dec, '63 ; disch. at close of war. Beach, Judson, was in Co. B, 28th Pa. Mil. ; re. in U. S. Navy for two years. Betts, Loomis, priv., Co. I, 97th P. V. ; en. Mar. 1, '65; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 7, '65. Banker, Levi, Co. E, 63d N. Y. Vols. Bunnell, F. H., Co. A, 21st Kegt. Mich. Vols. Baker, Chas. W., priv., Co. E, 5th Pa. Cav.; en. Mar. 23, '65; mus. out with Co. Aug. 7, '65. Blakeslee, Edward M., priv., Co. E, 5th Pa. Cav. ; en. Mar. 23, '65 ; not on must. -out roll. Barber, Israel W., in Emergency. Burrows, S. A., 27th N. Y. Vols. ; served two years ; re. in 2d N. Y. Cav. Bryant, Edwin H., Co. F, 70th Kegt. N. Y. Vols. Bryant, Edward, Co. K, 70th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Brink, Wm. R., Co. K, 11th Pa. Cav. ; en. Ang, 31, '61 ; pr. to sergt.; wd. June 23, '64 ; com. 2d It.; not mus. ; reus, out with Co. Aug. 13, '65 ; vet. Brink, Levi L., Co. H, 11th Pa., Cav. ; en. Nov. 28, '63 ; pr. to sergt. ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 13, '65 ; vet. Brink, Chas. W., Co. K, 11th Pa. Cav. ; en. Aug. 31, '61; disch. Sept. 1, '64 ; exp. of term. Bryant, O., 16th N. Y. Ind. Batt. Burleigh, John H., 9th U. S. Inf. Carter, W. G. M., en. Sept. 1, '64, in D. S. Marine Corps. Cogswell, Edward S., priv., Co. F, 53d P. V. ; en. Feb. 15, '65 ; wd. at Five Forks, Va ., with loss of arm ; ab. at mus. out. Capron, Albert, It., 3d Regt. Ohio Cav. Card, Dr. James C, asst. surg., 100th P. V. ; en. April 5, '65 ; res. June 19, '65 ; died before reaching home. Carpenter, Wm. T., priv., Co. F, 53d P. V., en. Mar. 8, '65 ; disch. by G. 0.. June 12, '65. Cook, Thos. V., 39th Regt. X. J. Vols. Conkling, A. B., 5th N. Y. Eng. Conklin, Oliver T., Co. B, 90th N. Y. Vols. Carr, Geo., 203d P. V. Coss, Marshall A., Co. B, 194th N. Y. Vols. Cunningham, Edward, killed at Franklin, Tenn. Cortwright, Jacob, Co. G, 22d N. Y. Cav. Cogswell, Wm., en. in July, '61 ; died of disease. Cord, Chas. L., priv., Co. B, 12th Res. ; tr. to 2d U. S. Cav. May 31,'64 ; pris. six months; disch. Feb. 27, '65. Champlin, Geo., drowned at Phila. before mus. into service. Cloon, Geo., 14th U. S. Inf. ; wd. at Bull Run, with loss of leg. Clawson, Wateon, Co. H, 1st N. Y. Vet. Cav. Coy, John, priv., Co. B, 48th P. V. ; ' en. Jan. 17, '65 ; mus. out with Co. July 17, '65. Cobb, Dr. John W., asst. surg., 134th Regt. P. V. ; en. Aug. 25, '62 ; mus. out with regt. May 26, '63. Campbell, J. J., Co. A, 5th U. S. Art. Curtis, Ferand D., Co. I, 51st N. Y. Vols. ; died in Salisbury prison Jan. 7, '65. Compton, Miles, priv., Co. E, 5th Cav. ; en. Mar. 25, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 7, '65. Cassidy, Peter, priv., Co. G, 132d P. V. ; en. Aug. 15, '62 ; mus. out with Co. May 24, '63. Crocker, Hyde, Jr., first enlisted under 3 months' call, in April, '61 ; quota being full, in June enlisted in 1st X. J. Cav. ; pr. to 2d It. Feb., '63 ; capt'd June 9, '63 ; paroled Mar. 1, '65 ; pr. to 1st It. Mar., '65 ; mus. out June, '65. Probably there were less than 30, among all the thousands capt'd, that passed so long a term in rebel prisons (21 months) as Lieut. Crocker ; he was confined in Libby, Macon, Charleston and Columbia. Doney, James H., It., en. for " emergency " in '62 in Ulman's Batt. ; re. in Batt. L, 5th U. S. Art. ; pr. to sergt. Sept. 19, '64 ; pr. to It. in 8th IT. S. C. T. ; disch. in fall of '66. Dunn, Peter N., enli6ted in U. S. navy. Davis, George T., Co. B, 90th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Davis, Nelson, Co. H, 12th Regt. N. J. VolB. Downs, William B., Co. F, 2d X. Y. Cav. Drake, A. J., Co. H, 12th Regt. N. J. Vols. Drake, Daniel W., Co. E, 4th Regt. X. J. Vols. DeanB, Horace A., hos. steward ; en. Aug. 15, '62, in Co. 1, 132d P. V. ; pr. to hos. steward ; mus. out May 24, '63. Drake, Charles, enlisted in U. S. navy. Delavergne, Chas, 141st Regt. N. Y. Vols. Derby, Samuel, 1st X. Y. Vet. Cav. Dowd, F. O., Co. F, 155th N. Y. Vols. Deuel, Myron, Co. C, 52d P. V. Eckart, George, Co. C, 18th U. S. Inf. ; killed at battle of Stone River. English, Thomas, 21st Pa. Cav. ; 2d enlistment. Ernst, Charles, Co. B, 40th N. Y. Vols. Eastwood, William, Co. D, 5th N. Y. Heavy Art. Eldridge, Seymour, Co. B, 21st X. Y. Cav. Fassett, Pearl C, Co. B, 141st Pa. Vols. Frith, W. C, Co. F, 70th X. Y. Vols. ; re. on U. S. ironclad "Dictator." Frink, George S., priv., Co. D , 6th Cav. ; en. Mar. 8, '65 ; tr. to Co. D, 2d Prov. Cav. June 17, '65. Faurot, JameB, 6th X. Y. Art. ; wd. severely at battle of Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, '64. Fisk, Squire B., priv., Co. B, 12th Pa. Res. ; en. Nov. 21, '61; disch. on surg. cert. May 24, '62. Fessenden, Asa D., 34th Regt. X. Y. Lgt. Art. Faurot, Wesley, priv., 6th Pa. Cav. ; en. Mar. 13, '65 ; tr. to Co. A, 2d Prov. Cav., June 17, '65. Findon, John, fireman, U. S. ironclad " Dictator." Faircbild, H. C, in emergency. FiBk, J. M., in emergency. Finnigan, Richard, Co. F, 70th X. Y. Vols. Foster, ErastuB P., Co. C, 67th P. V. Flint, J. L., Co. H, 89th X. Y. Vols. Green, Porter L., priv., Co. F, 53d P. V. ; en. May 1, '05 ; died in Field Hos. May 28, '65. Gamble, Dr. G. M., surg., U. S. Vols. Gardner, E. L., died in serv. Gates, Lewis, enlisted in U. S. navy. Gay, Treadway K., U. S. Signal Corps. Gardner, E. P., Co. B, 4th Pa. Reserves. Gray, Rev. H. H., Co. H, 52d P. V. Giffin, Robt., Co. C, 52d P. V. Gavitt, James \\\, Co. B, 52d P. V. Gavitt, Wm. H., chap. 52d P. V. Green, Erastus, Co. A, 57th P. V.; enlisted Oct., '61 ; disch. Oct., '64, exp. of term. Gelatt, Sizer, Co. C, 100th Regt. Pa. Vols. Grow, Philander, priv., Co. B, 132d P. V. ; enlisted Aug. 11, '62 ; died near Falmouth, Va., Dec. 17, '62. Greely, Wm. R., fireman, V. S. ironclad " Dictator." Galloway, Geo. W., 2d Regt. X. Y. M. R. Gregg, Andrew W., Co. H, 16th Regt. N. Y. Heavy Art. THE REBELLION. 259 Gilbert, Edward, Co. H, 70th N. T. Vols. Gary, H. W., Co. C, 2d N. T. Vet. Cav. .Horton, W. W., Co. I, 22d Regt. N. J. Cav.; capt'd and died in Salisbury prison. Hobart, James, New York Regt. Hobart, Henry H., 144th Kegt. N. T. Vols. Howell, Geo. W.,priv., Co. D, 58th P. V. ; enlisted Not. 12, '64 ; mus. out Nov. 11, '65. Holmes, John, 90th Regt. N. Y. Vols.; died in service. Holland, Daniel, Co. H,15th Regt. N. Y. Eng. Holland, Daniel, Jr., Co. B, 15th Regt. N. Y. Eng. Hanyon, Peter B., priv., Co. B, 132d P. V.; enlisted Aug. 11, '62 ; disoh. on surg. cert. Feb. 16, '63. Hanyon, Benj. H., priv., Co. B, 132d P. V.; enlisted Aug. 11, '62 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Hosford, Hiram, Co. I, 22d Regt. N. Y. Cav. Hanyon, JohnR., sergt., Co. I,22dRegt. N. Y. Cav. Hassett, Thomas, Co. V, 70th N. Y. Vols. Hyde, Austin, Co. I, 1st Pa. Art. Hungerford, Geo. L., priv., enlisted Feb. 27, '65 ; tr. to Co. F, 2d Prov. Cav., June 17, '65. Horton, Daniel T., priv., enlisted Julyy 15, '61, Co. A, 1st Pa. Cav. ; capt'd Apr. 18, '63 ; mus. out Aug. 1, '64. Hallstead, Theodore, Co. I, 3d Regt. N. Y. Cav. Hoffman, Robert, Co. E, 120th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Harding, Benj. E., priv., enlisted Mar. 6, '64, Co. I, 11th Pa. Cav. ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 13, '65. Hinkley, Frederick, priv., enlisted May 15, '61, Co. B, 12th P. R.; dlsch. on surg. cert. Oct. 15, '62. Hinkley, Orrin, priv., enlisted May 15, '61, Co. B, 12th P. R. ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 15, '62. Hamlin, Isaac, priv., enlisted Mar. 1, '62, Co. H, 12th P. R. ; wd. before Richmond, Va., in '62 ; tr. to 190th P. V. May 31, '64 ; disch. June 28, '65, by S. O. ; vet. Harris, C. E., Co. K, 1st Regt. N. Y. Vet. Cav. Hunter, Mark, in emergency. Hanyon, Adam, in emergency. Hartman, John, priv., enlisted Mar. 25, '6^, Co. E, 5th Regt. Pa. Cav. ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 7, '65. Halloran, Michael, Co. H, 70th N. Y. V. Hamlin, Charles, Co. M, 1st N. Y. Vet. Cav. Hunter, Geo. R., 106th P. V. Hunter, George M., 52d P. V. Hubbard, L. N., Co. B, 30th Militia. Isbell, Byron L., U. S. Navy. Jessup, Rev. Samuel, chap. 6th Pa. Res. ; mus. in June 22, '61 ; res. July 30, '62. Jessup, Huntting C, 1st It. Co. A, 101st U. S. C. T. ; com. Apr., '65 ; disch. Jan., '66. Jones, T. J., Co. F, 207th Regt. P. V. Jurish, Charles, priv., en. ^ept. 28, '64, Co. C, 97th Regt. P. V. ; disch. by G. O. June 29, '65. Jolliff, John, Co. F, 70th N. Y. V. ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa. Kinne, L. A., Ind. Regt. ; died in serv. Kipfer, John, Co. M, 6th Regt. N. Y. Cav. Kimball, Chas. L., Co. I, 15th Regt. N. Y. Eng. Kernan, John, 27th Regt. N. Y. V. Knapp, 0. U., Co. E, 124th Regt. N. Y. V. ; killed at Gettysburg. Kane, Matbew, Co. K, 1st Excelsior N. Y. Regt. Kennedy, A. B., Co. K, 11th Pa. Cav.; en. Feb. 1, '62; pr. to sergt. ; disch. Feb. 1, '65, exp. term. Kelley, Esick, N. Y. Cav. Kunkle, J. S., Co. K, 4th N. J. Cav. Lambert, Chas. A., Batt. H, 1st Art. ; en. Aug. 5, '61 ; mus. out with Batt. June 27, '65 ; vet. Lewis, Benjamin, Co. C, 152d P. V. Lowe, Victor P., died in serv. Lewis, Win. T., 52d P. V. Lowe, Daniel C, Co. B, 152d P. V. Lowe, Leander C, Co. B, 152d P. V. Latbrop, Edwin, Co. F, 106th P. V. Lathrop, Anson, Co. B, 52d P. V. Lindsay, Zina A., Co. M, 1st N. Y. Vet. Cav. Luce, Israel C, Co. H, 44th N. Y. V. ; mus. out with Co. Oct., '64. Lathrop, Francis J., priv., Co. B, 12th Pa. Res. ; en. May 15, '61 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 21, '62. Laughlin, Michael, Pa. Heavy Art. Lonergan, James, U. S. Navy ; on steamship " Crusader." Lamont, G. K., Co. F, 50th Regt. N. Y. Eng. Lyman, Marvin B., sergt. ; en. Oct. 2, '62, Co. A, 16th Regt. Pa. Cav. ; tr. to Co. C, date unknown ; disch. by G. O. July 26, '65. Lane, Samuel F., sergt. ; en. July 25, '61, Co. A, 1st Pa. Cav. ; tr. to U. S. Sig. Corps Mar. 1, '64. Lane, Newton A., sergt. ; en. July 25, '61, Co. A, 1st Pa. Cav. ; disch. on surg. cert. Mar., '64. Lambert, Ezra A., priv. ; en. Aug. 11, '62, Co. B, 132d Regt. P. V. ; mus. out with Co. May 24, '63. Leet, Dr. N. Y., surg., TJ. S. V. Le Roy, L. L., 14th N. Y. Heavy Art. Lonergan, James, Co. B, 44th N. Y. V. Lott, Peter ; en. spring, '63, in U. S. Reg. Art. for three years ; disch. at exp. of term. Lathrop, M. E., Co. K, 97th P. V. Mowers, Henry, Batt. A, 1st N. J. Art. ; en. Jan. '64 ; died in Aug. '64. Mathews, Thomas, Co. F, 155th Regt. N. Y. V. ; disch. for was. reed, in action. Mayo, Charles, 21st Regt. N. Y. V. Mayo, Orrin, 135th Regt. S. Y. V. ; tr. to 6th Regt. N. Y. Heavy Art. ; died in hos. Mayo, Nelson P., 144th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Meyers, Hermon, 144th Regt. N. Y. Vols. ; died in hos.' Mcintosh, Nelson, 185th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Marsh, Silas, V. S. Navy. Maynard, Henry, Co. K, 1st Regt. N. J. Vols. McRoy, Calvin, 13th U. S. Inf. McRoy, William, Co. I, 3d Regt. N. Y. Cav. Mahoney, Daniel, en. for emergency. McMan. Thomas, 14th U. S. Inf. Michael, Joseph, 14th Regt. Conn. Vols. ; re. in Battery A, 1st Pa. Lgt. Art. Michael, David S., priv., Co. G, 77th P. V. ; en. Nov. 15, '61 ; mus. out Dec. 6, '64, exp. of term. Martin, Chas. W., priv , Co. B, 132d F. V. ; en. Aug. 11, '62; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 6, '63 ; re. McCauly, Levi Gf., capt., Co. C, 7th Pa. Res. ; en. June 13, '61 ; pr. to 1st It. Jan. 1, '62 ; to capt. July 20, '63 ; wd., with loss of arm, June 30, '62 ; tr. to V. R. C. Dec. 8, '63. McCauley, James N., priv., Co. C, 7th Pa. Res. ; en. July 8, '61 ; disch. July 8, '63 ; re. in 27th Eegt. N. Y. Vols. McCauley, William, sergt., Co. H, 29th Regt. N. J. Vols. McCauley, John, Jr., Co. C, 15th Regt. N. J. Vols. Merret, John, Co. C, 27th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Malpass, Job, priv., Co. E, 53d P. V. ; en. Sept. 21, '64; disch. by G. 0. May 31, '65. Murphy, Robert, Co. G, N. Y. Heavy Art. Morris, E. U. B., Co. D, 41st Regt. Pa. Militia. McKernan, James (2d), 15th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Moore, George, sergt., en. May 15, '61 ; Co. B, 12th Pa. Res. ; mus. out with Co. June 11, '64. Meeker, Charles A., sergt., en. May 15, '61 ; Co. B, 12th Pa. Res. ; died Oct. 30, '62, of wds. received in action. McKinney, Edward N., Co. C, 22d Regt. III. Vols. ; en. June 11, '61 ; wd. and taken pris. at Chickamauga '63 ; pris. 3 months ; disch. '64, exp. of term; re. in Co. K, 179th N. Y. V. ; disch. June 8, '65 ; vet. Meeker, C. F., en. May 1, '61 ; Co. H, 25th N. Y. Vols. ; mus. out July 10, '63. McFarlaue, Jesse, Co. K, 1st Regt. N. Y. Vet. Cav. Meacham, Charles, died in hos. at Washington, D. C, three weeks after enlistment. Miller, Daniel T., 4th N. Y. Heavy Art. Marks, Henry K., Oo. F, 70th N. Y. Vols. Munson, S. B., Co. B, 58th Pa. Vols. McMicken, Hamilton, Co. E, 31st Mo. Cav. ; killed at Vicksburg. Miller, R. C, Co. G, 109th P. V. Miller, S. F., Co. C, 14th U. S. Inf. Myers, George, N. J. Vols. ; killed. Magee, Daniel, 57th Pa. Vols. Newell, Edward F., priv., en. Jan. 30, '62, Co. C, 12th Pa. Res. ; tr. to 190th P. V. May 31, '64 ; vet. Norris, William H., U. S. navy, mortar boat " Norfolk," S. A. squad.; pr to ward-room steward. Nash, William, fireman on U. S. ironclad "Dictator." 260 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Norton, Oliver W., priv., en. Sept. 1, '61, Co. K, 83d Pa. Vols. ; wd. at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, '02 ; pr. to It. U. S. 0. T. Nov. 10, '63. Otis, Leander, U. S. navy. O'Doud, Thomas, Co. F, 55th Regt. N. Y. Vols. O'Day, Francis, U. S. navy. Ottenger, Charles, fireman, U. S. ironclad " Dictator." Osborn, Harry, Co. K, 156th Pa. Vols. Perrington, Judson J., U. S. navy. Penny, H., en. Jan., '04, Batt. A, 1st N. J. Art. ; mus. out with battery. Pickering, Henry D., Co. F, 14th Eegt. N. Y. Heavy Art. Payne, William A., Co. M, 1st Regt. Mich. Eng. ; served 2 yrs. ; disch. Sept. 21, '65. Patrick, Daniel C, 9th Regt. N. Y. Vols. ; in 1st N. Y. Vet. Cav. ; pris. in Andersonville. Patrick, John H., Co. B, 25th N. Y. Cav. Patrick, Orrin, was in 29th Pa. Mil. ; re. in 1st N. Y. Vet. Cav. ; killed at Piedmont, W. Va. Pryun, James L., Matthews' Pa. Batt. ; killed. Perry, Edwin O., U. 8. navy mortar boat " Norfolk," S. A. squadron ; pr. to ship carpenter. Potter, Marvin, priv., en. Nov. 7, '61, Co. B, 12th Pa. Res. ; died of wds. rec. at White Oak Swamp June 30, '61. Penny, William, Co. B, 3d Eegt. N. Y. Cav. Purtle, Thomas, 14th Regt. U. S. Inf. Parke, Charles B., Kevins' Pa. Battery. Penny, Thomas E., Batt. A, 1st N. J. Art. Phelps, Otis, priv., en Oct. 2, '62, in Co. A, 10th Pa. Cav. ; tr. to Co. C ; died Nov. 5, '63. Pierson, H. J., Co. D, 144th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Parker, S. T., in emergency. Parker, W. R., in emergency. Phinney, John B., Co. L, 1st Ohio Cav. ; died in Libby Prison. Penny, William, 57th Pa. Vols. Quick, Frederick H., priv., en. Mar. 1, '65, in 6th Pa. Cav. ; tr. to Co. F, 2d Prov. Cav., June 17, '65. Roper, Charles, enlisted in a western regiment. Rendel, Charles, unattached Co. Roe, Peter D., Co. H, 38th Regt. N. Y. V. Reidy, Maurice, 9th Regt. N. Y. Heavy Art. Reed, Charles M., U. S. Marine Corps, enlisted Oct. 22, '61 ; pr. to sergt. ; disch. Nov. 11, '65, exp. of term. Rose, George W., Co. H, 143d Regt. N. Y. V. Ross, Leander, 34th Regt. N. Y. Light Art. Raynard, James, colored regiment. Rogers, Wm., Co. C, 3d Pa. Heavy Artillery, enlisted Aug., '62 ; disch. June, '65. Rathbone, John N., Co. C, 38th Mo.; died at Galena, 111. Robinson, Barrett, 203d P. V. Shannon, Joseph, Co. B, 152d P. V. Spearbeck, Andrew, Co. M, 1st N. Y. Cav. Smith, David, 176th Regt. P. V. Snow, Clinton, 61st Regt. P. V. Snow, Abel, Co. M, 1st Regt. N. Y. Cav. Shew, Aaron L., was in 29th Pa. Militia ; re-enlisted in 1st N. Y. Vet. Cav. Strickland, H. H., U. S. Navy mortar-boat "Norfolk; " pr. to yeoman. Shay, Allen, Co. F, 12th Regt. N. J. V. Swan, Orange S., Co. C, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav. Shelp, Henry (2d), Co. F, 12th Regt. N. J. V. ; wd. at battle of Wil- derness. Shelp, John, Co. F, 12th Regt. N. J. V.; killed at battle of Wilderness. Safford, Jedediah, 1st Conn. Heavy Art. Searle, Roger S., priv., enlisted May 15, '61, Co. B, 12th Pa. Res.; tr. to Co. H, 4th Pa. Res., July 21, '61 ; pr. to sergt.-maj. ; disch. by S. O. May 6, '62. Southworth, Almon L., Co. H, Harris N. Y. Light Cav. ; capt'd Oct 5, '64, at Fisher's Hill, Va., stripped of clothes and given rebel rags, escaped, was arrested as a spy by Union troops, ordered court- martialed, but identified by officers of his regiment. Stockwell, Porter, 63d Regt. N. Y. V.; re-enlisted. Smith, Franklin E., priv., enlisted July 7, '64, in Co. C, 93d Regt. P. V.; disch. by S. O. June 20, '65. Smullen, Patrick, Co. A, 15th Regt. N. Y. Eng. Smith, Charles H., was in 28th Pa. Militia ; re-enlisted in U. S. Ma- rine Corps. Sherwood, Lyman M., U. S. Marine Corps. Shoemaker, J. F., U. S. Marine Corps. Shappee, Garry, Co. E, loth Regt. N. Y. Cav. Shoemaker, Burton, priv., enlisted Aug. 11, '62, Co. B, 132d Regt. P. V.; disch. on surg. cert. Jan. 6, '63. Simmons, Emory I., Co. E, 16th Regt. N. Y. V. Sherman, George, Co. B, 114th Regt. N. Y. V. Springer, Frederick, Co. D, 9th Regt. N. J. Inf. Sweet, George, 48th Regt. N. Y. V. Stark, Harmon, priv., enlisted Aug. 11, '02, Co. B, 132d Regt. P. V. ; wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '02 ; mus. out May 24, '63. Severson, Edward C, Co. C, 6th Pa. Cav. ; re. in Batt. H, 1st Pa. Light Art. Shaeff, Manning, fireman U.S. ironclad "Dictator." Shaeff, Washington, fireman U. S. ironclad "Dictator." Smith, James, Co. D, Wilson's Zouaves. Sexton, William, priv., enlisted Aug. 26, '64, Co. D, 88th Regt. P. V. ; wd April 1, '65 ; ab. at mus. out. Shrimpton, Joseph H., Co. C, 6th P. I. C. Slater, Samuel, Co. A, 143d Regt. Pa. V. Smales, David, priv., enlisted March 23, '65, Co. E, 5th Regt. Pa. Cav. ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 7, '65. Still well, S. L., Co. K, 185th N. Y. V. Southworth, Turner J., Co. H, 61st N. Y. V. ; enlisted in '61 ; died at Washington, D. C, May 28, '62 (see Southworth Post, G. A. R.) Stockholm, A. E., enlisted Aug. 19, '01, Co. E, 44th N. Y. V. ; capt'd May 8, '64, and re-capt'd by Sheridan's Cav. five days afterwards; re. in same regt. ; tr. to 140th N. Y. ; the last year served in Md. bat. of sharpshooters of 5th Corps ; disch. June 19, '65 ; vet. Stark, Nathan, Co. A, 193d N. Y. V. Sexton, Henry, Co. F, 70th N. Y. V. Smith, Richard, Co. C, 97th Pa. V. Thomas, Frederick E., priv., enlisted March 7, '62, Co. B, 58th Regt. P. V. died April 19, '63, of wds. received in action. Taylor, Robert A., priv., enlisted Feb. 27, '65, in 6th Pa. Cav. ; tr. to Co. C, 2d Prov. Cav., June 16, '65. Thomas, LeroyM., priv., enlisted Sept. 5, '64, in Co. H, 198th Regt. P.V. ; wd. at Lewis Farm, Va., Mar. 29, '65 ; mus. out with Co. June 4,'65. Taylor, E. G., fireman U. S. ironclad " Dictator." Tingley, Dr. H. A., asst. surg. in hos. ; afterwards with Batt. H, 1st Pa. Light Art. Trowbridge, Charles E., Co. H, 2d Regt. Wis. V. ; capt'd at first Bull Run ; died in Richmond, Va. Tewksbury, Benjamin P., Co. E, 3d Regt. X. Y. Cav. Taylor, J. D., priv., enlisted Feb. 25, '65, in 6th Pa. Cav. ; tr. to Co. C, 2d Prov. Cav., June 17, '65. Teel, John, Co. K, 1st Regt. N. Y. Vet. Cav. Tyler, Ebenezer D., priv., enlisted Sept. 1, '61, Co. K, 83d Regt. P. V. ; wd. at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, '62 ; disch. on surg. cert. Sept. 1, '62. Tewksbury, Dr. A. D., asst. surg. 155th Regt. P. V. ; mus. July 24, '64 ; mus. out June 2, '65. Tewksbury, Emmet, U. S. Marine Corps ; enlisted Sept. 1, '64 ; diBch. Feb. 24, '69. Tiffany, Willis W., priv., enlisted March 3, '65, Co. G, 100th Regt. P.V. ; mus. out with Co. July 24, '65. Tiffany, Cyrus A., priv., enlisted Feb. 18, '64 ; not with Co. at mus. out. Tripp, Sands N., Batt. A, 1st N. J. Art. Tewksbury, Ira, Co. E, 3d Regt. N. Y. Cav. ; killed in action. Tarbox, Robert, Co. I, 22d Regt. N. Y. Cav. Tuck, Francis, Co. F, 17th Regt. Mass. Eng. Taylor, James, priv., en. Nov. 21, '61, in Co. B, 12th Regt. Pa. Res ; disch. on surg. cert. Oct. 27, '62. Truesdell, Harrison, capt., en. April, '61, in Co. B, 11th Regt. Pa. 3mos. Vols. ; the regt. re-enlisted aud was the first 3 yrs. regt ; Gov. Cur- tin allowed it to retain ita old No. ; pro. to cor. ; from cor. to sergt. Nov. 1,'62 ; to 1st sergt. March 1, '63 ; to 1st It. Nov. 1, '64 ; to capt. May 15, '65 ; wd. July 1, '63, and June 22, '64 ; disch. by G. 0. June 22, '65 ; vet. Truesdell, Rollin B., en. April, '61, in 27th Regt. N. Y. V ; disch. in June, '63. Taylor, John G., in emergency. Thompson, Thomas N., Co. F, 9th Pa. Cav. Thornton, Joshua D., Co. A, 188th P. V. Underhill, William, killed at Petersburg, Va. Van Scoten, George, saddler; en. Dec. 5, '62, Co. I, 18th Pa. Cav. ; died June 21, '63. THE REBELLION. 261 Van Houfcen, Thomas, Co. F, 12th Regt. K. J. Eng. Vance, Lorenzo, 61st Regt. N. Y. V. ; wd., with loss of arm. Vail, Horace A., sergt., en. Sept. 2, '61, in Co. C, 1st Dist. Col. V. ; disch. Sept. 2, '64. Van Barrager, H. S., Co. H, 1st Regt. N. T. V. Cav. Watson, Dallas, 76th Kegt. P. V. Wilmarth, Vester, 67th Kegt. P. V. Wilmarth, Wesley S., sergt. Co. H, 51st N. Y. V. ; en. in '61 ; wd. at Antietam, Md. ; on detached service in Ky. ; served as pro. mar. until close of war. Williams, John M., priv. ; en. June 11, '61, Co. C, 41st Regt. P. V. Walker, Abram J., Co. C, 27th Regt. N. Y, V. ; re. in 1st N. Y. V. Cav. Walker, lanthus W. t Co. B, 64th Regt. N. Y. V. Webb, John H., Co. E, 3d Regt. N. Y. Cav. Walker, Rinaldo, Co. F, 12th Regt. N. Y. Y. ; en. Feb. 22, '64; died of disease Jan. 12, '63. Warner, Jacob, Co. F, 12th Regt. N. J. V. White, Henry, en. July, '61 ; died of disease. Woodward, Charles, en. in the Pa. Res. ; wd. ; served during war. Williams, Rodney, 34th Regt. N. Y. Lgt. Art. Whalen, James, 6th N. Y.Cav. ; killed inaction. Weller, James M., Co. K, 1st Excelsior N. Y. Wright, Stephen, Co. F, 24th Regt. Pa. Militia. Waldie, John S., Co. I, 3d N. Y. V. : tr. to 72d Regt. N. Y. V. ; died of wds. rec. at battle of WilliamBburg, Maj 20, '62. Waterman, Edward P., 4th N. J. Ind. Batt. Waterman, Andrew A., 4th N. J. Ind. Batt. Warner, Matthew, fireman U. S. ironclad "Dictator." Wallace, Samuel, asst. eng. U. S. steamship "Katahdin." Wood, Thomas P., 1st Regt. N. J. Cav. White, George, Co. F, 144th Regt. N. Y. V. Wright, Orlando, priv. ; en. May 15, '61, Co. B, 12th Pa. Res. ; disch. on surg. cert. Feb. 9, '63. Williams, Alamander, U. S. N. Ward, James H., priv. Co. A, 16th Pa. Cav. ; en. Sept. 6, '62 ; tr. to Co. C Oct. 2, '62 ; pr. to cor. Jan. 1, '65 ; to sergt. June 14, '65 ; mus. out with Co. Aug. 11, '65. Whitney, Chester W., enlisted in Western regt. Williams, George, Co. F, 70th N. Y. V. Warner, Charles A., graduated at West Point in '62 ; com. 2d It. 4th V. S. Art. June 17, '62 ; served from '62 to '66 ; bv.lst It. at Gettysburg for meritorious service ; remained an officer of reg. army nine years. Warner, Edward R,, graduate of West Point ; served during the Rebel- lion; was It. -col. of a N. Y. regt.; is now a capt. in reg. army. Wade, G. B. R., in the emergency. Woodruff, Seldon A., Co. B, 3d Pa. Res. ; en. July 6, '61 ; tr. to 54th P. V. ; vet. ' Walker, Darius, en. in a Western regt. ; died in service. Warner, Loman D., 50th P. V. Yeomans, F. C, en. Aug. 15, '62, in Co. G, 132d P. V. ; mus. out with Co, May 24, '63 ; re. in Pa. regt. ; served 11 months afterwards in construction corps. Youngs, H., 162d N. Y. V. ; died at New Orleans. Unidentified List. — The following also enlisted from the county, but we are unable to place them with the organization in which they served : Avery, Thomas Abbott. R. N. Abbott, J. F. Ames, G. S. Adams, George Atwood, Timothy Ackert, George Ainey. A. L. Adams, Malanthon Adams, S. A. Allen, J. Avery, H. W. Aldrich, W. F. Angel, S. R. Beenian, Joseph G. Boughton, Benjamin F. Brotzman, Samuel Berringer, Chauncy Bullock, Willard Bullock, Benjamin Bagley, J.H. Benjamin, Lyman Berth week, Charles Brown, Henry Bailey, J. A. Baldwin, Myron Baldwin, Isaac Babson, John W. Bid well, George Barber, J. Burdick, William Birch, Philander Bloom, W. Burdick, Peter Bolles, Fred. Baker, Chauncy Barber, Rensalear Blessing, Harlow Buchanan, Benjamin Barnes, Beauregard, Beckwith, Elias Belknap, Josiah Backus, George Burchdll, Urbane Betts, Julius Betts, Marion Bake, Orrin Bailey, Otis Barber, Marvin Bell, Jasper Bonerman, Augustus Baynard, Edward Bailey, Joshua Barnum, Randolph Bruyn, S. T. Buel, Daniel Burchell, Frank Bronson, Myron Button, D. Burch, Wilson Brink, D. L. Benedict, Horace Benedict, Brigham, 0. S. Bristol, Sterling Clifford, Lorenzo Cool, George R. Corey, Henry Carter, Malory Conrad, Alexander Crandall, Ransome Carter, William Codington, Thomas Cromwell, James Conboy, John Crandall, Joseph Crissell, Isaac Crissell, Joseph Crissell, Jourden CriBsell, William H. Conklin, 0. T. Clark, George Crissell, Henry Conklin, Jacob Cline, John Carlisle, William Coville, Joseph A. Camel, John Conklin, Oliver C. Conklin, Charles Coffin, Merrit Carpenter, Z. Cory, Alva Cory, Warren Carpenter, Warren Carpenter, Russell Curtis, Jerome Cole, L. B. Crofut, Charles Case, Orson, Jr. Case, Jerome Crandall, Joshua Cameron, John, Jr. Coney, William F. Carter, Abel A. Caswell, William Cole, Samuel Cornwall, William Creestle, Hosea Cummings, Frank Curtis, Ferrand D. Carter, Reuben Champion, Henry Collar, Ira Coleman, Harvey Carter, James Carrier, Eldred Conrad, Horace J. Clark, Henry Clearwater, R. M. Cowley, John Cafferny, James Cooper, John L. Cook, Frank Cook, George Duel, Samuel Dinnany, John Dinnany, Michael Dickerson, A. J. Davis, R. R. Davis, George Deyoe, Newton W. Deyoe, Leroy Deyoe, Lucius Driscoll, Thomas Daniels, Azainus L. Dart, Augustus Dart, L.M. Dart, Norton Dimmick, E, Dart, Frank D. Denney, Wheaton Depue, John Dade, Emanuel Decker, Nelson Devine, Ammi Darrow, Timothy Elliott, McKendry Ely, Marvin Edsel, Harvey Eldridge, Luther Ellis, George E. Edson, Daniel Ellis, Stephen English, Daniel Foster, Archibald Foster, E. A. Finney, John Flannigan, Hugh Fancher, Samuel Fairbrother, Ed. Ferry, Andrew J. Fitzgerald, William Foot, Myron Foster, Edgar M. Foster, Luman Foster, Victor Furgerson, Andrew Fitzgerald, Michael Frazier, Curtis Fowler, John Fitzgibbons, Fusdick, Gilbert C. Gard, Samuel Giles, Lyman E. Goss, Zachariah Giles, George I. Guernsey, George A. Griffisk, John Giles, Judson A. Gavitt, Charles Goodrich, Nathaniel Goble, Jessup Goble, William H. Gregg, Andrew W. Gray, William H. Gardner, E. S. Gardner, William Golden, Martin J. 262 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Gates, Uriah Gray, William Gage, David Gary, John Greely, Robert Hill, Elgeroy Hine, Isaac Hine, Luther Hyde, Anson B. Hall, Samuel Hollister, Preston T. Holbrook, Frederick Hull, John Hawley, E. Higley, Timothy Hawley, Jackson Hawley, Leroy Hamlin, William Hamlin, Seth Handrick, H. W. Hill, Samuel Howard, Oliver Hodgkiss, Wm. Hallstead, J. T. Hall, Geo. E. Hall, M. L. Holmes, John Hughes, George Hosmer, Geerge Hallstead, Joseph Hawley, Benjamin Hall, Lucas Houghtalin, P. Hallstead, Elisha (2d) Hedsall, Henry Hinkley, A. D. Harris, Elijah Howard, Augustus Holman, Melvin Huff, Jackson, Hickey, Edward Hall, Bichmond Harris, John H. Hart, Elbert Hallstead, Joseph S. Hibbard, Edward Hawkins, Benjamin Hill, Fowler Henry, TJziel Handrick, J. P. Hawley, Hunter, W. J. Hulce, George Hubbard, Samuel Hyno, Butcher Heary, John Harlan, P. Ireland, Reuben Jacoby, E. F. Jacoby, Charles Jackson, Geo. (Col.) June, John Jenkins, Nelson Jacobs, Robert Jackson, George Knolles, Marshall Ketcham, W. F. Kane, Roger Kane, Lawrence Kane, Michael Keeler, Samuel Keegan, Thomas Kitchen, Frank Kerney, John Kishbaugh, L. Kishbaugh, Jerome Knapp, Sylvester Kenyon, Jerauld Kenyon, Henry Keeler, Horace M. Keeler, Oscar Keeney, Mortimer T. Keeney, Fred. M. Kittle, Frederick Kittle, Charles Kent, Henry Kelly, Jacob Kendred, Orlando Low, John Low, Henry Lillie, Jared Lyon, George Lacey, M. L. (Lieu.) Lindsley, P. F. Leonard, Martin Lake, S. A. Losaw, Daniel Low, Edward (col'd) Lewis, Streeter Lockard, John Larrabee, Benjamin H. Larrabee, L. D. Lord, James Lord, J. J. Lord, E. N. Lenox, George Lathrumb, Albert Leonard, Ed. C. Le Roy, Delevan Logan, John Lawrence, Charles Malone, Patrick Ming, Nelson Monahan, Frank Monahan, Peter McCarty, Dennis Morgan, Enoch Miles, R. Maryott, Joseph Marshall, Legrand McCreary, Gregory Munroe, James 0. Murphy, Wm. Mayo, Charles Melody, Henry Mason, Joshua (col'd) Morehead, Legrand Miller, John Myers, I. Miller, Zeb. A. Mclntire, Charles Malony, John Merrill, Ansel Merrill, James Manzer, Charles Manzer, Henry McNamara, D. K. Millard, Freeman Millard, Joseph V. Miller, Adolph Mott, H. N. Morris, Isaac N. Mott, Chauncy McKinstry, A. H. Malay, Edward Milmore, Henry Manzer, Edmund McMillen, Frazier Marshall, AVm. Magee, Theodore Mitchell, Alba Mitchell, David (Cap.) Magee, Henry Mackey, Geo. S. Mackey, Joseph McNerney, Thoa. Mudge, Alamanzer Neba, Lewis Newton, Z. O. Northrup, Benson Noble, Chas. H. Nichols, Frank Oaks, Nelson Oaks, Daniel Odell, F. G. Odell, Gersham Odell, Albert Oakley, Hiram 0' Donald, Thomas O'Brien, Patrick Oakley, James. Osboin, Wm. Penny, Chas. Park, Asa (Lieut.) Parmer, Geo. Price, Edgar Price, Arthur Pease, Charles Pickering, Frank Plummer, Joseph Price, Allison Preston, Geo. Perkins, Lewis Pender, E. A. Parmeter, John Parks, David Phillips, Lyman. Palmer, Homer Perrine, Abel R. Phillips, David W. Peck, J. L. Bolph, Chas. Reynolds, Chas. Reynolds, Oscar Rooney, Martin Richards, S. L. (Capt.) Roberts, Chas. Robinson, John Randall, Henry Ramsdell, Henry Ransom, John Ransom, Richmond, Ed. Rockwell, Lymen Ridge, Robert Reader, J. W. Risley, Benj. F. Ransom, Alonzo A. Ransom, Orville Reese, John Robinson, Francis M. Rynearson, John. Robinson, James Robinson, Warren E. Rogers, Isaac Rosencrantz, Ziba Bobbins, Leander S. Rogers, I. B. Shoemaker, Wm. Smith, Davis C. Smith, Terrance Show, John Stilwell, Julian W Stilwell, Paul 0. Sumne, Henry Smith, Dan. W. Stark, Fred. Stage, Eliab Slocum, Lloyd Slocum, Merritt. Stark, Geo. Seaime, John Skinner, Simeon Stoddard, Hiram Southworth, St. Clair, Charles Schweckendish, Aug. Shaw, George Stewart, C. R. Slater, Charles Steenback, Paul Steenback, J. Strickland, Alvin Strickland, Joseph Slocum, Fred. Smith, Parmenus, (2d) Sprague, Norman Stephens, Lafayette Sackett, Charles H. Simmons, J, B. Smith, Silas A. Stoors, Russell Starks, John Sexton, Charles Stevenson, Henry Steer, Washington Stevens, Henry Slawson, Henry Taylor, William Transue, Davis Tripp, Alson Thomas, Evan L. Tierney, Joseph Travis, John I. Tafe, Frank Tafe, George Trowbridge, Melvin Taylor, Robert Turner, Isaac Taylor, William Tiffany, Judson Tarbox, James Townsend, Sidney Thayer, Edmon Tanner, Riley Titus, Eugene Tower, Warner Tupper, Henry Travis, John I. Truesdell, Joel Tompkins, Daniel D. Towner, Calvin Towner, Daniel Towner, Henry Trout, Jacob Taylor, George Travis, Landis Thompson, ■ Tingley, A. J. Townsend, H. E. Thomas, E. R. Underwood, Marcus De L. Underhill, William Underbill, Levi Voss, David Vannetten, Dewitt Vannay, Charles Vanorsdale, Isaac Vannetten. William Vanway, John Vanauken, Jacob Vandermark, Josiah Vandermark, Silas Virgil, William THE REBELLION. 263 Vangorder, A. C. Wilbur, Joseph Winans, Ira Wright, Chauncy Wilcox, Daniel Warner, A. S. Weed, Alvinzy Woodruff, L. H. Wilbur, Luther Weaver, Edgar Witter, Wm. A. Watson, Edward Woodruff, L. H., Jr. Wilmot, Wm. H. Wilbur, Emory Warner, Ed. Warner, Charles Williams, J. J. Wilmarth, J. West, Benjamin Washburn, Delos Washburn, Yelosco Watson, Perry Withey, Orrin Waterman, Willard Watters, John West, Samuel E. West, William F. Webster, Ira Wellman, Adin S. Wheat, Charles W. Williams, Edson Williams, Dwight Washburn, Lan. West, John Williams, H. L. Williams, George Williams, Guerdon Welch, Thomas Welch, Alonzo Washburn, Floyd West, John Wilson, E. 0. Waahburn, Charles Young, David Young, William York, Benjamin Woman's Work foe the United States~San- itaey Commission. — The women of Susquehanna County showed their patriotism and Christian spirit during the " War of the Rebellion " by organizing Soldiers' Aid Societies in the different townships, where they assembled and made haversacks, shirts, picked lint and did other work for the comfort of the soldiers in the field. It is not our purpose to give a detailed account of all these societies. Miss Blackman has written at length upon the subject and we shall only give a brief synopsis of the work. Montrose Society was permanently organized about January 1, 1863, with Mrs. Mary L. Wooten, presi- dent ; Mrs. F. B. Chandler, vice-president ; Mrs. M. C. Tyler, Mrs. Joel D. Lyons, Mrs. I. Vadakin, Mrs. Hugh McCollum, Mrs. Wm. L. Post, Mrs. Erastus Rogers, Mrs. N. Mitchell and Mrs. Gilbert Warner on financial and executive committees ; Miss Hetty D. Biddle, treasurer ; Miss Ellen Searle, secretary ; and Miss Emily C. Blackman, corresponding secre- tary. May 5, 1863, Miss Sarah M. Walker accepted the appointment as associate manager of the W. P. B. of the Soldiers' Aid Society for Susque- hanna County. This position virtually made her president of the Susquehanna County organizations and vice-president of the Pennsylvania Branch of the United States organization. Miss Walker im- mediately became the directing spirit of the whole movement, and it was not long before forty societies were organized in the county. The following is from the secretary's report, October 18, 1864: " The Ladies' Aid Societies of Susquehanna County in council, and friends of the soldiers, met at the court-house at 2 o'clock P. M., on the 18th inst. Hon. Wm. J. Turrell was elected president of the council, and, on taking the chair, addressed the meeting with a few well-timed remarks. The follow- ing were elected vice-presidents : Hon. C. F. Read, B. E. Lyons, M. C. Stewart, Miss Sarah M. Walker, Mrs. L. Hewen, Mrs. Wade, Mrs. Cooley, Mrs. Stanford, Mrs. Thomas, and Mrs. M. C. Stewart. Secretaries, Dr. C. C. Halsey, Thomas Nicholson and G. A. Jessup. " Miss Sarah M. Walker associate manager for Sus- quehanna County, from her list, called on the different societies to report. Reports were made (some at length, and some briefly and verbally) by the follow- ing, viz. : Montrose, Elk Lake, Springville, Lawsville Centre, West Herrick, Auburn, West Auburn, Jackson, Glenwood, Rush (Eddy), Clifford, Dimock, Bridgewater, West Harford, Liberty, Fairdale and Franklin. " Hon. C. F. Read reported, as chairman of the county committee to the sanitary fair, that over $3000 had been sent to the Central Fair at Philadelphia from this county, and Miss Walker added the testi- mony of one prominent in the Sanitary Commission, that the direct supplies thereto from this county had not been lessened by this great contribution to the fair, as had been the case in many other counties. Mrs. D. Parish, of Philadelphia, made a brief address. Mrs. Holstein, of the same place, who has for the most of two years labored for the Sanitary Commission, and has recently come from the front, made a very interesting report, and many important suggestions. Said the organization here was more complete than in any other county she knew of. She had seen no rooms equal to those of the Soldiers' Aid Society in this place. " Dr. Halsey, secretary of the council, at a later date, reported : " A few societies were unable to report by reason of the loose manner in which their accounts had been kept. Deaths, sickness and removals are the reasons, in some cases, of imperfect reports. A large number sent in complete returns containing lists of all articles forwarded, with estimated cash value, while some sent complete lists, with cash value of only a part, or the cash value of all that had been done, with only a par- tial list of articles. Some have only a list of articles, and others only the cash value. "Montrose, Harford, Uniondale, Franklin, Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Rush, Forest Lake, Friendsville and Forest Lake, West Harford, Laws- ville Centre, Dimock (two societies), Friendsville, West Auburn, Clifford, Springville, Auburn, East Bridge- water and Little Meadows Aid Societies have sent to the Sanitary Commission 1247 shirts, 174 sheets, 588 pairs drawers, 720 pillows, 755 pillow-cases, 212 arm- slings, 291 dressing gowns, 247 pairs slippers, 342 pairs socks, 1913 towels and handkerchiefs, 126 quilts and blankets, 295 bottles of wine, 71 gallons of wine, 1 keg of wine, 1 cask of wine, 28 gallons syrup, 507 cans of fruit, 2709 pounds of dried fruit of all kinds, 13J bushels dried fruit, 273 packages dried fruit, 31J firkins of pickles, 100 pounds of butter, 5 tubs of but- ter, 1 firkin of butter, 50 pounds maple sugar, 1125 cakes maple sugar, 173£ dozen eggs, 1 keg eggs, 16 264 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. coats, 64 hop pillows, 2 pairs shoes, 3 J- bushels apples, 10 quarts vinegar, 12 cans honey, 14 cans sundries, 11 bushels potatoes, 110 needle-books, etc., 61 pads, 1 sack dried corn, 8 quarts dried corn, 12 pounds horse- radish, 17 pounds corn starch, 32 pounds cheese, 6 pairs mittens, 4 pairs pants, 110 lemons, 300 and more packages of unenumerated articles." The above from the secretary's reports shows that the ladies of Susquehanna County were deeply inter- ested in providing for the wants of the " boys in blue," and much might be truthfully written of the individual sacrifices of these noble women ; but it is not within the scope of this work to give a detailed account of them ; and this brief synopsis will be closed with a biographical sketch of Miss Sarah M. Walker, whose unselfish devotion will never be forgotten. Sarah M. Walker was born at Moorehall, Ches- ter County, Pa., not far from the ever-memorable Val- ley Forge, October 19, 1799. She was educated at Westtown Boarding-School, in Chester County. This school was early established by the Friends, and is still maintained by them. In 1820 her father, Enoch Walker, moved with his family into Susquehanna County, and located at Lake Side, near Friendsville, where he could enjoy the society and religious privi- leges of the Friends who lived in that vicinity ; for he was a Friend, and had been sent as a missionary by that society as early as 1796 to the Oneida Indians In 1822 Mr. Walker and family removed to Wood- bourne, in Dimock township, where George Walker, the only remaining member of the family, still resides, aged nearly ninety years. Miss Sarah Walker was a young woman twenty-one years of age when she came to this county. Educated in the schools of the Friends, and imbibing the spirit of her grandmother, she became a typical member of the Orthodox Friends' Society. She was well educated, yet she was not a decidedly literary person. Her domestic nature made her home life a blessing to her father's family, and especially to her brother, after they two alone remained of the family on the old homestead ; and he is not unmindful of her many good qualities, but always makes mention of her as his " dear sister." But her kind heart, which contained so much goodness for her friends, was not confined in its operations to the home circle. Her benevolence was far-reaching, and ex- tended to suffering and needy humanity everywhere. These benevolent qualities were brought out in a re- markable degree in connection with the Women's Work for the United States Sanitary Commission in Susquehanna County. In this work she traveled about the county, and was largely instrumental in or- ganizing forty Soldiers' Aid Societies in the county. Inspiring and cheering by her hopeful disposition and calm determination everywhere, she was the leading spirit in the work, in fact as well as in name. As president of the Susquehanna branch of the society, she made visits to Philadelphia and had a large cor- respondence. She discharged the duties of her office with such energy and executive ability as to make Susquehanna the banner county in the State in the soldiers' aid work. Although opposed to war from religious conviction, she labored for the suffering sol- diers with the same zeal that she would for suffering humanity anywhere. One of her well-known traits was to find good in everybody. This characteristic was so pronounced that it had a restraining effect upon others, who refrained from speaking evil of any one in her presence. Says one of her : " Not a Governor of our State within the past forty years but she has importuned, personally or by letter, to interpose the pardoning power in behalf of some poor, and as she charitably believed, penitent convict in prison, with whose case she (either here or during her annual visits to Philadelphia) had been made acquainted." "At the close of the Rebellion her heart and influence were largely given in aid of the ' Freedmen of the South,' especially in their education and enlightenment." By birth, education and choice Miss Walker was a Friend. A friend and sister she was in heart and deed to all who bore the image of her Master, without re- gard to their creed or mode of worship. In her last sickness she said to her friend, Miss Blackman: "There is not a cloud between me and the face of my Saviour." Thus she died in full confidence of the One in whom she had trusted, March 22, 1874, aged seventy-four years, and was buried, pursuant to her request, beside her father at Friendsville. CHAPTER XIX. GRAND ARMY POSTS, SOLDIERS' , MONUMENT AND WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS. BY CAPT. H. F. BEARDSLEY. The preservation of the Union was accomplished at a fearful cost of blood and treasure. A million of men confronted each other in deadly conflict, and the land shook with the tread of armed hosts. But after Appomattox what a grand transformation scene was witnessed. . This was the end. The Blue and Gray Faded from sight, as melts away The frost, upon an April day. After the Union Army had disbanded, upon the suspension of hostilities, and had returned to the quiet pursuits of private life, this organization was founded. The purpose of its founders and the broad foundation-stone upon which it was builded was to bind together in a bond of union those who responded to the call of the nation in the dark days of rebellion. The watchwords emblazoned on the escutcheon of the order are Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty, and ^L^^S* 4fc&£Stc^, THE GRAND ARMY. 264 a these words, which form the basis of its constitution, have so little of a military character that they could have been used equally well by any body of civilians who desired to unite themselves together for the pur- pose of carrying out any philanthropic measure. Any foreign orders of a semi-military character would have certainly had the word glory on their escutcheon, but the founders of this order wisely left the word out. Is there a Union soldier whose heart does not beat a quicker march when his eye meets that splended ensign whose crimson folds now wave in triumph over an undivided country, that stretches from ocean to ocean and from the lakes to the gulf, embracing nearly a continent, and can say to himself, I at least bore an humble part in preventing the erasure of one single star from the azure field that represents the Union as it was, as it now is and as it will be, we trust, as long as human government may last? The objects to be accomplished by this organization are as follows : To preserve and strengthen those kind and fraternal feelings which bind together the soldiers, sailors and marines who united to suppress the late rebellion, and to perpetuate the memory and history of the dead. To assist such former comrades in arms as need help and protection, and to extend needful aid to the widows and orphans of those who have fallen. To maintain true allegiance to the United States of America, based upon a paramount respect for, and fidelity to, the National Constitution and laws; to discountenance whatever tends to weaken loyalty, incites to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or in any manner impairs the efficiency and perma- nency of our free institutions ; and to encourage the spread of universal liberty, equal rights and justice to all men. Eligibility to Membership. — Soldiers and sail- ors of the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, who served between April 12, 1861 and April 9, 1865, in the war for the suppression of the Eebellion, and those having been honorably discharged therefrom after such service, and of such State regiments as were called into active service and subject to the orders of United States General Officers, between the dates mentioned, shall be eligible to membership who has at any time borne arms against the United States. Thus briefly have we noted the objects, aims and purposes of the Grand Army of the Republic ; an army which to-day numbers on its rolls nearly three hundred and fifty thousand men, but whose ranks, alas I are being sadly decimated each year — not by the sword, but by the reaper, Death 1 The amount expended in charity since its organization, is nearly or quite a million and a half of dollars — the sum expended the last year (1886) being over two hundred thousand dollars. In this Grand Army, the veterans from Susquehanna County early enlisted ; and in 1867-68 there were six or seven posts organized. But for various reasons, unnecessary to enumerate, the order did not flourish, 17a and in a few years, nearly all the posts in the county disbanded. In 1879 the Grand Army of the Republic was re-organized throughout the country, and soon afterwards new posts were organized in the county, and the order continued to flourish, while to-day we have fifteen G. A. R. Posts in the county. Grand Army Posts. — The following abbreviations are used : P. C, Post Commander ; S. V. C, Senior Vice Commander; J.V. C, Junior Vice Commander; Adjt., Adjutant; Q. M., Quartermaster; C, Chaplain; S., Surgeon; 0. D., Officer Day; 0. G., Officer Guard ; S. M., Sergeant Major; Q. M. S., Quartermaster Ser- geant. Moody Post, No. 53. — Moody Post, of Susquehanna, was instituted April 1, 1867, and is the oldest post in the county, and the only one of the earlier posts that did not disband. It has had an honorable, though varied career, having had its hall and most of its property destroyed by fire on two occasions. Owing to the destruction of its records, we are unable to give a list of its charter members or of its first officers, though among the number were R. H. Day, David Mason, J. R. McCauley, W. C. Frith, Wm. Eastwood, Selah Brock, A. Williams and Wm. Dougherty — the four first named being among its first officers. A list of its Past P. C.'s is also lacking, but the post has been commanded by R. H. Day, John C. Foot, H. P. Moody, R. H. Hall, Wm. H.Telford and Clark Evans. Its present officers are: D. T. Sprague, P. O; W. H. French, S. V. O; A. G. Brush, J. V. C; Wm. All- paugh, Adjt. ; L. Finckenoir, Q. M. ; H. A. Tingley, S.; Wm. H. Telford, C; A. Westfall, O. D.; H. Persons, O. G.; W. C. Frith, S. M.; J. A. Sutliff, Q. M. S. Its present membership is sixty-five. We regret that we are unable to give but little of the personal history of Dr. H. P. Moody, after whom the post is named, for he was an honored citizen of Susquehanna, and held in high esteem by his com- rades of the Grand Army. In the summer of 1861, he was instrumental in recruiting company "F" of the Fifty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers in Luzerne County, and October 12 was commissioned its cap- tain. On the 1st of June, 1862, at the battle of Fair Oaks, he was wounded, from the effects of which he was compelled to resign in September following. After the war he removed to Susquehanna for the practice of his profession, and was afterwards ap- pointed postmaster of that place. He died August 3, 1869, from the effects of the wounds he received at Fair Oaks, at the early age of thirty-four, and is buried in the cemetery at Susquehanna. Captain Lyons Post, No. 85. — Captain Lyons Post, of Glenwood, was instituted on the 29th day of September, 1877, and the post was mustered and the officers installed by Comrade James Smith, assisted by a delegation from Moody Post, No. 53. The fol- lowing were mustered as charter members : A. A. Clearwater, C. W. Conrad, Leander Lott, George Simpson, B. E. Miles, Martin Conrad, Israel Rynear- 264 b HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. son, John Cameron, Moses Brewer, Noah Phillips, Wm. J. Bell, Henry P. Titus, D. N. Hardy, W. W. Hardy, P. J. Bonner, Jas. M. Conrad, Geo. W. Mapes, W. C. Kirk, Cornelius Rynearson, C. M. Hunter. The officers at that time installed were : A. A. Clear- water, P. C; C. W. Conrad, S. V. C; Leander Lott, J. V. C; B. E. Miles, Adjt.; George Simpson, Q. M.; James M. Conrad, C. ; D. N. Hardy, S. ; W. W. Hardy, O. D. ; N. C. Kirk, O. G. ; C. M. Hunter, S. M. ; John Cameron, Q. M. S. Soon after its organization the post decided to re- build and fit up the hall over the tannery store, at Glenwood, which they converted into a very fine and commodious meeting-room. They afterwards added a kitchen and dining-room, thus making it one of the first post halls in the county. The post has expended, in fitting up and furnishing its rooms, between seven and eight hundred dollars. But it has not used all its funds in a nice hall and fine surroundings. It has nobly responded to the calls of charity, and during the ten years of its existence has expended nearly three hundred dollars for the relief of deserving and needy comrades. The whole number borne upon the rolls of the post is one hundred and twenty-one, of which number six have died, twenty-one have been dropped or suspended, and fifty-three have been transferred to other posts, leaving a membership in good standing of forty-one. Past Post Commanders are: A. A. Clearwater, C. W. Conrad, Byron Mc- Donald and W. W. Hardy. The present officers of the post are: D. N. Hardy, P. C. ; H.P.Titus,S.V. C; Elias Hinkley, J. V. C; W. O. Miller, Adjt.; C. D. Millard, Q. M.; Theron Hinkley, C; Dr. F. B. Davi- son^.; Byron McDonald, O.D.; Noah Phillips, O. G. ; W. W. Hardy, S. M. ; J. G. Wescott, Q. M. S. In May, previous to the organization of the post, Captain J. R. Lyons, of Montrose, a representative soldier and worthy citizen, died, and the post unani- mously decided to perpetuate and keep green his memory by giving his name to the post. Jerome Richards Lyons, son of Nathan H. and Elizabeth L. Lyons, was born in 1828, at Milford, Pike County, Pa. In early youth he came to Mon- trose, where he grew to manhood, and for the greater part of his life resided in his native State. An archi- tect by profession, few surpassed him in skill in his chosen calling. He was living in St. Louis, Mo., when the life of the nation was imperiled by the in- auguration of civil war. He resigned his position and returned to his former home to enlist in his native State, and go with brothers and friends to fight for the preservation of the Union. In September, 1861, he had a recruiting station on the Fair Ground during the county fair, at which time a number rallied around the " Old Flag," and enlisted for the war. November 1, with a squad of men from Susquehanna County, he went to Tunkhannock and joined a squad from Wyoming County. A company was organized, electing Peter Sides, of Philadelphia, captain ; Jerome R. Lyons, of Montrose, first-lieuten- ant; Edson J. Rice, of Factory ville, second-lieuten- ant. Going immediately into active service Lieu- tenant Lyons remained with his company until late in the winter of that year, when he came home on recruiting service, and in the spring returned with recruits enough to bring his company to the maxi- mum. (For service of Company see Military Chap- ter Company A Fifty-seventh Regiment). Lieutenant Lyons was promoted to captain Com- pany A September 15, 1862. He was wounded three times, and was discharged for physical disability for wounds received in action, October 6, 1864. In 1869 he was elected to the office of register and recorder, and clerk of the Orphans' Court, of this county. After the expiration of his term of office he turned his attention to farming, but broken in health and suffering from wounds and sickness he died at the early age of forty-nine years, May 5, 1877. His last work was designing and superintending the erection of the Soldiers' Monument, at Montrose, in the inscription and building of which he took a lead- ing and prominent part; and that monument will not only perpetuate the memory of the soldiers who fell in defence of their country from Susquehanna County, but will be a monument as well of his indomitable perseverance and skill. Lieutenant Titman Post, No. 93. Lieutenant Tit- man Post, of Auburn Four Corners, was instituted November 23, 1878. On the night of its organization the following charter members were mustered : Calvin S. Gay, D. C. Titman, C. L. Lowe, O. M. Parks, J. C. Rifenbury, James P. Gay, E. L. Adams, Davis D. Layton, Frank Angel, Levi Warner, John B. Over- field, Leander Lott, M. H. Van Scoten. We are unable to give the names of its first officers, its past post commanders or its present officers, with the ex- ception of its post commander, who is D. C. Titman. The total number borne on its rolls is sixty-seven, and its present membership is forty-five. The Post was named in honor of Lieutenant H. C. Titman, a gallant young officer of Company G Fifty-sixth Reg- iment Pennsylvania Volunteers. (See history of regiment in military chapter). Lieutenant H. C. Titman was born in 1835, at Blairstown, N. J. He was the eldest son of S. Matil- da Van Scoten, late of Auburn, Pa. After casting his maiden vote for John C. Fremont, he migrated with his parents to Auburn, this county. His business was that of a contractor, and when the Rebellion broke out it found him in Kent County, Delaware. He returned to his adopted State, where he helped recruit and organize Company G, Fifty-sixth Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Upon the organiza- tioa of the regiment he was detailed upon recruiting service at Philadelphia, and did not rejoin his com- pany until after the battle of Antietam. He re- mained with his company sharing the hardships of the campaigns of Fredericksburg and Chancellors- THE GRAND ARMY. 264 c ville, when he was promoted to quartermaster-ser- geant. This position he filled acceptably until the eve of the battle of Gettysburg, when he asked to be relieved and returned to his company for duty. He participated in that never to be forgotten battle with his company and regiment. By orders of Colonel Hofman he was promoted to second and first lieuten- ant of his company for conspicuous bravery in battle. In the fall of 1863 he again was detailed upon re- cruiting service, but rejoined his company before the campaign had opened. The comrades of his company, in March, 1864, presented him with a sword and belt, thus showing their respects for his comradeship ; but he had scarcely drawn it from its sheath in the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, when he was killed while trying to rally his men, his body and sword falling into the enemy's hands. Lieutenant Rogers Post, No. 143. — Lieutenant Rog- ers Post, of Brooklyn, was instituted June 28, 1879, with the following charter members : T. E. Shad- duck, Moses Caldwell, G. T. Price, 0. M. Doloway, J. D. Richards, C. C. Nichols, M. Smith, John H. Tiffany, Perry Sweet, J. S. Sterling, Wm. Chase, L. B. Squires, J. W. Adams. The first election resulted in the choice of the fol- lowing officers, who were duly installed on the night of organization : P. C, Moses Caldwell ; S. V. C, T. E. Shadduck ; J. V. C, O. M. Doloway ; Chaplain, Rev. Getchel; Surgeon, John H. Tiffany; O. D., Jo- siah Smith ; O. G., Perry Sweet ; Q. M., G. T. Price ; Adjutant, Wm. Chase ; S. Major, J. Richards ; Q. M. S., L. Squire. The post meets in Odd Fellows' Hall, and has a present membership of thirty-five. The present officers of the post are : P. C, J. W. Adams ; S. V. C, J. H. Tiffany; J. V. C, R. P. Lindley; Adjutant, T. E. Shadduck; Q. M., 0. M. Doloway; C, M. Caldwell; O. D., J. M. Whitman; O. G, Benj. T. Case; S. M., Perry Sweet; Q. M. S., George Mack. The post was named in honor of Lieutenant Edwin Rogers, son of Lebbeus Rogers, of Brooklyn, where he was born on the 20th of July, 1835. When war was inaugurated by the firing upon Sumter, he was one of the first from the township of Brooklyn to volunteer for the war. In June, 1861, he became a member of Company H, Fourth Pennsylvania Re- serves and upon its organization he was made first lieutenant. But his health broke down from the ex- posure and hardships of the field, and he was obliged to resign in October of that year. He never recov- ered his health, and died before the close of the war, in January, 1865. Captain Abel T. Sweet was born on the farm where he now resides, in Harford, July 21, 1835. He learned in boyhood to do manual labor, and un- derstood all the departments of farm-work. To this practical knowledge he added the usual home district- school education, and one term at the Harford Acad- emy. After attaining his majority he had taken a trip West, and spent some time in the lumber-woods of Pennsylvania, when, in the spring of 1861, just as he was preparing to raft lumber down the West Branch of the Susquehanna, he read an account of the bombardment of Fort Sumter by the rebels, and at once resolved to go to the defence of his country's flag. After one day at home, he enlisted at Mon- trose, in Company H, Captain E. B. Gates, Fourth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, under General McCall, and was the first boy from Harford to enlist for the war. He was elected fourth sergeant of the com- pany and accompanied it to Camp Washington, thence to Camp Cnrtin, where the men were sworn in, thence to Baltimore and the camp at Tenallytown. On November 6th he was promoted to first lieuten- ant, at Camp Pierpont, and the company became a part of the Army of the Potomac. The line of march was to Manassas, thence to Alexandria and to Fredericksburg, and thence to the Peninsula before Richmond, where the memorable Seven Days' Fight took place, General George B. McClellan command- ing. Lieutenant Sweet's company lost heavily, and Captain Gates lost a leg at the battle of Charles City Cross-Roads, one of the Seven Days' Fights. After the battle the company went into camp at Harrison's Landing. Lieutenant Sweet commanded the com- pany from this time. He was taken sick and was off duty for four weeks, during which time his com- pany fought at the battle of Second Bull Run. On October 8, 1862, he was promoted to the captaincy of the company, and commanded it at the battles of Fredericksburg, Cloyd Mountain, Staunton, and five companies at Lynchburg and at the skirmish of Lexington. Captain Sweet continued in the service until July, 1864, when he was honorably discharged and returned home. For some time afterward he took charge of a gang of men for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, super- intending a coal-breaker. In 1867 he purchased the homestead of his father and has since resided on it, engaged in general farming. He is a member of Rogers Post, G. A. R., Brooklyn, a Republican, and takes an active part in township, county and national politics. Captain Sweet was a brave soldier, is an honorable citizen and possesses a genial, social na- ture. His patriotism kindles afresh when speaking of the incidents of the war, and his nerve is still strung to answer the call for troops to defend the Union. In February, 1863, Captain Sweet visited his home on furlough, and on March 1st following married Julia A. Carpenter, of Harford, a daughter of Tyler (1802-82) and Mary Graham (1803-73) Car- penter, and granddaughter of Cyril and Mary (Tyler) Carpenter, both belonging to the earliest families, who settled in Harford. This Mary Tyler was a daughter of Job Tyler, a sister of Deacon Joab Tyler and granddaughter of John Tyler, who was born in Attleborough Mass., in 1746, and settled in Harford in 1794, after some of his children died. Mary Gra- 264 d HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ham was a daughter of John and Isabell (McFarlin) Graham, natives of Scotland, who emigrated to New York State in 1803, and settled in Harford, near the Lower Lake, in 1812. The children of Tyler Carpen- ter are Catharine S., wife of Edwin Thatcher, of Ra- venna, Mich. ; John G., deceased ; William T., en- gineer, of Columbia County, N. Y. ; Simeon M., of Canaan, Wayne Co.; Mary I.; Jane A., wife of Linus W. Moore, of Harford ; Julia A., the twin sister of Jane ; Miles D., engineer at Olyphant, Pa. ; and Alex- ander M., an engineer at the same place. The children of Captain and Julia A. Sweet are Drinker estate, a woodland tract, and built the pres- ent residence, where he spent his life and reared his family. He was one of the founders of the Harford Agricultural Society, an early advocate of temper- ance and a member of the Old Washington Temper- ance Society of Harford. He was a Universalist in religious belief, a useful member of society, and served his township in various official capacities. His children are Eliza Ann, wife of Ansel Page, of Jackson ; Sarah Jane, resides in Washington, D. C. ; Foster F., of Atlantic County, N. J., served nine months in the late Rebellion ; George M., enlisted in r Wmmi : ^ i ?* < J^>vu^ MONTKOSE. 293 the Montrose 'Democrat, and who served in the State Legislature ; Arline M., wife of Wm. J. Crane, of Pottsville ; and "Wm. T. Shafer, a journalist of Evanston, AVyoming Territory. The eldest son, Hon. William J. Turrell (1814- 81), was a lawyer at Montrose ; State Sena- ator in 1863, '64, '65; Speaker of the Senate in 1865, whose sketch may be found in the Bar chapter of this volume. Sarah Maria (1818-53), never married, died at Port Jervis, on her way home from Connecticut ; and Harry F. Turrell, who was born on the home- stead at Montrose, March 12, 1822, where he has resided since. He attended the Montrose Academy while a boy, and at the age of fifteen began learning the saddlery and harness trade, at which he served faithfully until he reached his majority. He bought out the business, and succeeded his father in the same, in 1843, which he continued until 1868, when he retired from that business. The building and shop was destroyed by fire in 1854, rebuilt by him the following year, and that in turn destroyed by fire in the great conflagration of August, 1886. He has been little identified with politics, but served the people as chief burgess of Montrose for three terms. He is a member of the Baptist church of Montrose. He married, July 25, 1860, Elsie H, a daughter of Thomas (1805- 85) and Jane (Hill) (1807-53), Harden- bergh, of Sullivan Co., N. Y. She was born at Fallsburgh, that county, hi 1831. They have one child, Wm. H. Turrell, stationer at Mont- rose. Mrs. Turrell is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Montrose. Her grandfather, Her- man Myer Hardenbergh, was a member of the State Legislature, and died at Albany, N. Y. Her great-grandfather, Girard Hardenberg, was a large land owner in Ulster County, JST. Y., and his father, Johannes Hardenbergh, was the progenitor of the family on the Hudson. Jane Hill was a daughter of James Hill, who removed from the Hudson, and was one of the earliest set- tlers at Fallsburgh when it was a wilderness. The children of Thomas and Jane (Hill) Harden- bergh are Elsie H., who came as a teacher with Prof. Stoddard to Montrose, and there met her future husband; Catherine; James ; Thomas Lockwood, deceased; Maria Louise, a teacher at Glens Falls ; Hannah, Josephine, Isaiah and Jane Swift, deceased; and Elizabeth, wife of Aaron E. Wright, of New York. Hotels. — Isaac Post, who had a house on the post-office corner, kept the first tavern at Montrose, about 1806. He soon had goods in one corner of his tavern and thus kept a kind of combination hotel and store. He was also appointed postmaster in 1808, and for the time his place was the centre of the business activity of the settlement. He was licensed in 1807. After Mr. Post moved across the road to Boyd's corner, in 1818 or earlier, Mr. Green was there, followed by John Buckingham, Leonard Searle and Patrick Hepburn, Preserved Hinds and Rosswell Morss. This for a number of years was the house of the place, especially when Leonard Searle had it. Austin Powell erected a hotel in 1812 just below fthe present Exchange hotel. Eli Gregory had it for a Avhile. About 1817 Edward Fuller took the house and run it for ten years or more. His wife excelled as a cook. Stephen Hinds, who afterwards owned the house, kept boarders for a number of years. It was finally abandoned, and at last destroyed by fire. Benjamin Sayre kept the " Washington Hotel " for about ten years, from 1819. The " Keystone Hotel," kept by William K. Hatch, stood on the same site, and was destroyed by fire. The Montrose Democrat and E. L. Blakes- lee's offices occupy the site of the Washington and Keystone Hotels. Exchange Hotel. — After Luther Catlin pur- chased the I. P. Foster tannery, his son-in-law, S. F. Keeler, converted the old Foster and Raynsford shoe and leather store into a hotel, which he called the " Farmers' Hotel." After Keeler died his executors rented it to Mr. Hollenback and Daniel McCraoken. It was finally sold to Dr. Gardner, who has rented it to M. J. Harrington, Ira Woodworth, E. Guy and L. M. Baldwin, who has it now, in 1887. For a number of years it has been known as the " Exchange Hotel." It will accommodate about forty guests. Tarbell House. — In 1814 Daniel Curtis built a hotel on the corner opposite the court-house, and kept it as late as 1832. It was known as the " Franklin House." From newspaper 294 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. notices it appears that he occasionally gave dances in his house. He was succeeded in the business by Adolphus Olmstead, who kept it until 1838, when he was succeeded by Gen. Davis D. Warner, who kept it for a time him- self, and rented it to W. K. Hatch part of the time. January 1, 1856, Mr. Wanner sold the " Franklin House " to John S. Tarbell, a native of Vermont. When Mr. Tarbell bought the property the hotel would accommodate about forty guests. He raised the building and built it all anew, added another story and enlarged the cellar. The house is supplied with water from a well. The wind which blows so freely over the hills of Montrose is utilized in turning a wind-mill, which supplies the power that operates a force and suction pump, that carries the water to the height of one hundred and four feet from the bottom of the well into a two hundred and thirty-barrel tank, whence it is distributed to all parts of the house. The house is heated with steam and will accommo- date one hundred and twenty guests. Its promi- nent location near the court-house renders it the political headquarters of both political parties. There is one of the largest barns in Northern Pennsylvania connected with the hotel. It is sixty-six by one hundred feet, with a private carriage shed attached, twenty-one by forty-two. Mr. Tarbell was born in a hotel and has owned the " Tarbell House '' for thirty years. Re- cently J. W. Burgess, a hotel man of forty years' standing, and F. E. Cramer rented the hotel, and are rendering it alike agreeable for the wayfaring man and stranger who would stop but for a night, or the summer boarder, who would tarry among the hills of Susque- hanna and breathe the pure mountain air of Montrose. Montrose House. — Ezekiel Guy bought the R. B. Little property and rebuilt and enlarged the house for hotel purposes in 1883. It is heated by steam throughout, and can accommo- date seventy guests. It is patronized by sum- mer boarders, and is a well-kept house. The " Tarbell House," •' Montrose House " and " Exchange Hotel " are the only licensed places in Montrose, which speaks volumes for the tem- perate habits and good order of her citizens. John S. Tarbell. — His ancestors were born in sunny France. His grandfather, Isaac Tarbell, came with his parents to America when a child, and settled in Boston previous to the Revolutionary War. Here he remained until his marriage, when he removed to Windsor County, Vermont, and engaged in the business of hotel-keeping. He removed, about 1820, to Jefferson County, N. Y., where he died. Their children were : Isaac, Jr., Eli, John S.. Willard, Jonathan, Johanna and Sarah. Eli Tarbell was born in Windsor County, Vt., Sept. 25, 1790, where he spent the early part of his life. In 1815 he married Sibyl, daughter of Leon- ard Parker, who kept a hotel in Windsor County, Vt., where she was born March 7, 1798. S<5on after his marriage Mr. Tarbell also com- menced keeping a public-house in Vermont, but in 1820 he came to Smith ville, Chenango County, N. Y., where, a few years afterward, he erected a hotel and resumed the business of a hotel-keeper. He afterwards erected a larger and more commodious hotel, converting the former one into a dwelling-house, and continued the business until his death, in 1845. His widow survived him, living to see a goodly group of great-grandchildren around her, as evidenced by a picture now in possession of her son, John S. Tarbell, representing four genera- tions, and died at the ripe age of nearly eighty- three. Their children were Sewell (1816-66); Laura, died young; John S., 1819; Mary, 1821, residing at the old homestead; Charles P., 1824, a resident of Smithville, on part of the old homestead; George L. (1827-71); Francis, 1829, a resident of Olympia, Wash- ington Territory; and James H, 1835, a resi- dent of same Territory. John S. Tarbell was born in Windsor County, Vt., June 22, 1819. When one year old his parents removed to Smithville. Chenango County, N. Y. Here his boyhood and early manhood were spent. His educational advan- tages were confined to the public schools ; for when old enough to help about his father's hotel, he evinced such an aptitude for the busi- ness that he became his father's invaluable assistant, and although he made more than one JL^f3~n&JL^ MONTKOSE. 295 attempt to attend boarding-school, he was eacli time summoned home by his father to assist in some sudden emergency. In 1843 he married Mary E., only daughter of Isaac and Emeline Ketchem, Mho was born in Smithville, 1ST. Y., April 10, 1824. For two or three years after his marriage he remained with his father in the hotel, and then engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at Smithville, which he successfully carried on until the close of the year 1854. Early in January, 1855, he came to Montrose, and on the 8th of that month he purchased the prop- erty since so well and favorably known to the traveling public as the " Tarbell House." It was then owned by Gen. D. D. Warner, and the building had been erected in 1814 by Daniel Curtis, when Montrose was a mere hamlet. Under the able management of Mr. Tarbell the house gained an enviable reputation and a host of patrons. In 1870, finding that his pa- tronage was outgrowing his accommodations, he entirely remodeled, rebuilt and enlarged the building into the present spacious and commo- dious hotel, introducing modern improvements and conveniences, and converting it into a model travelers' home. The house is three stories in height, with a frontage of one hun- dred and two feet and a depth of seventy-eight feet, with an L adjoining. Standing nearly one thousand nine hundred feet above tide water, its cool verandahs without and its comforts within have attractions for the summer tourist seeking mountain air, fine scenery and home comforts, that cause many to tarry under its hospitable roof. In addition to the improve- ments noted, Mr. Tarbell, some years afterward, introduced water throughout his hotel, and also further conduced to the comfort of his guests by heating the hotel with steam. He contin- ued to cater to the wants and the comfort of the traveling public until a few years since, when he retired from its active control, and at the pres- ent time the hotel is under the able manage- ment of Messrs. Burgess & Cramer. Besides the hotel property, Mr. Tarbell owns four improved farms, two of which are under his own management. The home or hotel farm, lying partly within the borough limits, and from which his hotel is supplied with vegeta- bles, fruits, hay, etc., is one of the most valua- ble in the county. He has also been largely interested in lumbering, owning a timber tract and operating several saw-mills. He was for a time interested in a line of stages, and is a stockholder and director of the Montrose Rail- way. In all matters connected with the devel- opment and improvement of Montrose Mr. Tarbell has always been at the front with his influence and means. The fine block on the corner of Public Avenue and Church Street, a portion of which is occupied by the post-office, was erected by him in 1886. In 1879 his wife, a lady much respected by all who knew her, died after a short illness. Their children are Mary F., 1846, wife of John E. Raynsford, who is secretary of the Montrose Railway and present postmaster at Montrose, where he re- sides, being also largely engaged in the coal business and other enterprises; Eli K., 1850, now residing at Hurley, Wis., where he is en- gaged in the hotel business, and is also interest- ed in mineral lands there ; Emily A., 1851, married for her first husband Leonard Searle, Jr., who died in 1879. She married for her second husband Warren S. Danolds, and resides at Albion, N. Y. In 1883 Mr. Tarbell mar- ried for his second wife Mrs. Emily Birchard, a native of Binghamton, N. Y. The same year he purchased of Wm. H. Cooper his pres- ent pleasant home on North Main Street. In politics Mr. Tarbell has acted with the Whig and Republican parties, casting his first Presi- dential vote for General Harrison and his last for James G. Blaine. He is a prominent Mason, belonging to Warren Lodge and Chapter, is a member of Malta Commandery of Bingham- ton and a charter member of Great Bend Con- sistory, No. 32. Mr. Tarbell has fixed a land- mark in the town of his adoption by the hotel that bears his name, and in which he takes a pardonable pride. For more than thirty years he was the popular proprietor of this well- known hostelry. Standing over six feet in height, his cordial manner and genial ways render him easy of recognition, and no person in this section of the State is more widely known. He is a man of 296 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. marked individuality, positive in his ways, firm in his convictions and loyal to his friends. Liverymen. — The first men that kept horses to let to the public were the hotel-keepers, Captain Sayres, Leonard Searle, John S. Tar- bell, and probably a few others kept a few horses for such purposes. In 1851 David D. Hinds started the livery business at Montrose and carried it on for eight years. He kept about sixteen horses, followed by James Goodwin. He was succeeded in the business by Hugh Mitchell and J. R. Raynsford. James Goodwin purchased Raynsford's interest and Raynsford & Goodwin sold to Perigo & Hibbard, who have continued the business at the old place since. Their stable is at the rear of Dessauer's store, on Church Street. They keep twenty wagons and as many sleighs and about twelve horses. Walter Pratt keeps about ten horses and Smith & Co. about the same. Albert Miller, in the Tarbell House basement, and Knoll, over the post-office, are the village barbers. In 1886 Mr. Miller put in the first public baths ever established in the town. Insurance. — In 1824 Almon H. Read advertised as a fire insurance agent. Benja- min R. Lyons early acted as an insurance agent. F. B. Chandler also commenced nearly half a century ago and continues the business yet. Billings Stroud commenced insuring in Susque- hanna County, and did the leading insurance business in the county until he sold out to Gilbert & Kasson. In 1839 the Susquehanna Mutual Insurance Company was organized, with James C. Biddle, president ; Asa Himock, vice- president ; Isaac S. Kellum, treasurer ; Davis Dimock, Jr., attorney ; J. W. Raynsford, sec- retary ; J. C. Biddle, M. S. Wilson and M. C. Tyler, Executive Committee. This company did business for about ten years. Henry C. Tyler has also been in the insurance business for about twenty years. Francis B. Chandler was born in Colerain, Mass., in 1816. He came to Montrose in 1834 and went into partnership with his brother-in- law, B. R. Lyons, and continued with him until 1851, when they dissolved. Chandler continues the mercantile business yet, also the insurance, business, which he then took from Lyons. His first company was the Lycoming Mutual. He now has the Franklin and Pennsylvania. Mr. Chandler has been one of the active business men at Montrose for many years. His wife is a daughter of Judge Jessup. John Stroud came to South Montrose from New London and bought a property of Rev. Joseph Wood in 1820. He walked to New York and back to get forty dollars to pay off the mortgage on his place. He was a hatter by trade and followed that business for some time. His daughter, Sallie, was the wife of William Smith, a wagon-maker and painter. Billings Stroud, his son, has been insurance agent since 1851. He commenced with the State Mutual, a company which Chandler turned over to him. Afterwards the Home became his principal company. He also became adjuster for the Home Insurance Company of North America and agent for many other fire, life and accident companies. Mr. Stroud has paid a great many thousands of dollars in losses to the people of Susquehanna County. The Telegraph was first brought into Montrose by Ezra Cornell in 1852. He ran a single line from Binghamton to Montrose, thence to Carbondale, thence through Hones- dale to New York by way of Xarrowsburg. Charles Brown was the first telegraph operator here, in a stone building near where the engine- house now stands. Daniel Sayre was the next operator, and T. A. Lyon and son have been operators since 1873. This was one of the first telegraph lines in America. The. telephone was extended from New Milford to Montrose in May, 1885. The exchange is at the post- office, and is managed by J. R. Rayusford, the postmaster, and his clerks. Photography. — Soon after the renowned Frenchman, M. Daguerre, made his important discovery, by which the human face could be pictured on the silver plate, an artist appeared in Montrose and succeeded in capturing the " exact resemblance" of a number of our prominent citizens. This was about the year 1842, and it is be- lieved by some that Edwin Foot, from New Milford, was the first, while others are of the MONTROSE. 297 impression that O. P. Beeves, a traveling man, preceded Foot. As this is not material, both being here in the same or the following year, we will pass on to observe that all who can remember the daguerreotypes of that early day will know that we speak truthfully when we say that they were very imperfect. They could not well be otherwise, for they were taken by a small side-window, which had the effect of over- doing one side of the picture while the other side was left in the deep shadow of indefinite darkness. These gentlemen were followed by Ambrose Hickox, who was afterwards a quite prominent artist in Binghamton. The work which he produced was a decided improvement upon that of his predecessors. But Willis Gibbs, a traveling artist, was the first whose pictures gave our people a fair degree of satisfaction. During his stay of a number of weeks, in the basement of Searle's Hotel, he was liberally patronized, and a number of fami- lies were taken in groups. One of these groups was of three noted characters, who, if not dis- tinguished for their useful lives, or classed as our highest and most worthy men, were well known as leaders in everything that was sensa- tional. These were Lee Dudley, Bob Merrill and Zeke Card. W. B. Deans, a native of this section, received his first instructions in the "art divine" with Mr. Gibbs, and afterwards took additional les- sons with the Livermore Brothers, who occu- pied rooms over Mulford's store, and who left behind them some very pleasing evidences of their skill in the art. Mr. Deans followed the business during the following winter at Dimock and Springville, and the next summer at several points in New York State, after which he re- turned to Montrose and established himself in the Odd Fellows' building, where he remained, the only artist in the county, for four or five years, being familiarly known in his advertise- ments as " The fellow who paints by the aid of the sun, And copies men's faces as though it were fun." Notwithstanding the fact that he held the ground so exclusively during this period, there were soon after this some fifteen traveling artists 191 within the county borders at one time, who moved their galleries from place to place on wheels. After the great fire of 1854 the brick block (then called Phoenix Block) was built, and Mr. Deans removed to the first skylight gallery erected here, over the store of Bentley & Read. Soon after this ambrotypes were introduced, and daguerreotypes were, in a great measure, super- seded by the new process. In 1861, after a successful business of about fourteen years, Mr. Deans sold his business here to John B. Hazleton, and purchased a gallery in Scranton. But he did not choose to remain there, and after one year returned to Montrose and went into partnership with Mr. Hazleton. Photographs had now come to the front, so that the old styles were but little in demand. The following year was the " year of the draft," when prices were high and money plenty, and it proved to be a very profitable season, for during that year the firm of Hazleton & Deans took a much larger number of pictures than were ever taken in Montrose in the same period of time, either before or since. Impaired eye-sight made it imperative that Mr. Deans should relinquish the business; con- sequently, in the fall of 1865, he purchased a half-interest, with Alphonso H. Smith, in the book and stationery business. After one year he bought Mr. Smith's interest, and continued the general book and wall-paper trade, on the same spot, near the corner of Church and South Main Streets, until the fire of August 27, 1886, when, like a good many others at that time, he "stood not upon the order of going, but went at once.'' A year or so after Mr. Deans retired from the picture business, J. B. Hazleton sold out to George N. Cobb (now a prominent Bingham- ton photographer) ; and a little later on, Cobb removed to a gallery which B. R. Lyons had fitted up over his store on the east side of Pub- lic Avenue. The business soon changed hands again, and this time it came into the possession of our popular artist of to-day (1887), George "W. Doolittle. Here he remained until January, 1883, when the Lyons store was burned. He 298 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. then took up his quarters in a gallery in the M. S. Wilson building, where he continued the practice of his chosen profession until the fire of 1886, when he was again burned out, and this time his loss was a severe one, including his complete fixtures and a large number of valuable plates and negatives. L. M. Tyrrell having erected a fine building on the ground formerly occupied by the Lyons store, Mr. Doolittle decided once more to lo- cate there, and now he occupies one of the best- appointed galleries in Northern Pennsylvania ; and his patrons are among' the best people of Susquehanna and adjoining counties. Aetists and Copyists. — Stephen Wilson, a former resident of Montrose, but subsequently of Philadelphia, became a portrait-painter of considerable merit. Mrs. Mayo has painted the scenery about her home at Susquehanna in oil colors. Mrs. Theodore Smith, and her sister, Miss L. Avery, excel in water-colors. Mrs. Azur Lathrop also excels in pencilings and in water-colors, particularly in painting leaves and flowers. Her work is very accu- rately done. George H. Frazier has done some very good crayon work and portrait-painting. He is a young man, and his work promises well for the future. Mrs. A. H. Berlin, of Montrose, Mrs. Dr. Ainey, of New Milford, and many others throughout the county, have done some painting, particularly flowers. James Smiley, an artist from New York, has a sum- mer residence at Montrose that is an art study in itself. His residence is near the fair-grounds, and commands an extensive view. The house is surrounded by a broad veranda, and is fin- ished with native hardwoods inlaid in narrow strips of oak, cherry, birch, ash, etc., so as to produce a very pleasing effect. Mr. S. is a steel engraver and oil-painter, besides working at etching. Banks. — The Silver Lake Banh, at Mont- rose. — The books were opened for subscription June 6, 1814. The bank was fully organized with a board of directors January 4, 1817. It began to discount April 10, 1817. Suspended August 7, 1819, but resumed after a very short time, and continued in operation ten years longer, when the bill for its re-charter was lost. Dr. Eose was president, and Putnam Catlin cashier. Northern Bank of Pennsylvania, at Dun- daff. — Established probably early in 1825, and closed January, 1827. Bank of Susquehanna County, at Montrose. — Established in 1837. James C. Biddle, presi- dent ; Isaac Kellum, cashier. October 9, 1837, the following board of di- rectors were elected : William Jessup, I. Post, S. S. Mulford, William Ward, D. Post, F. Lusk, Jesse Lane, C. L. Ward, William L. Post, Daniel Searle, M. S. Wilson and Charles Avery. James C. Biddle died March 31 , 1841 , and W. L. Post was chosen president. Isaac Kellum, the cashier, speculated with the funds of the bank, and it suspended payment. Mr. Post interested Mr. Saint John, of New York, in the bank, and he sent his nephew, T. P. Saint John, to act as cashier. At the directors' meeting, after he was appointed, Mr. Wilson inquired if Mr. St. John had given bonds. Saint John answered : " Do you suppose I will give bonds for an old rotten concern until I find out what there is in it?" Mr. Wilson replied that " he supposed a man gave bonds for himself and not for the bank." Mr. Wil- son was overruled, and Saint John gave no bonds. Wilson sold his stock for half-price, which was more than the stockholders that re- mained realized. Arrangements were made whereby the Morristown Bank was to redeem the Susquehanna County Bank notes and vice versa. Mr. Saint John managed matters, and discounted Western paper that proved to be worthless, and the bank failed in 1849. The stockholders lost heavily. Isaac L. Post, Henry Drinker and William H. Cooper started a private banking-house at Montrose in November, 1855, with about fifteen thousand dollars capital. This continued as Post, Cooper & Co. until Post failed, in 1859, when William H. Cooper and Henry Drinker reorganized with about thirty thousand dollars, and did banking under name of Wil- liam H. Cooper & Co. This was the only bank at Montrose for a number of years, and the people had great confidence in its manage- ment. It Was not chartered, but was a private MONTROSE. 299 bank of deposit. Their deposits averaged eighty thousand dollars, that they carried an- nually. Cooper was shot at Montrose, June 14, 1884, and the bank went into the hands of an assignee, William H. Jessup, who was ap- pointed June 18, 1884. Finding that it was badly insolvent, that there had been no balance- sheet taken for a number of years, he took an inventory, and found that the liabilities were about three hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars, and the assets four hundred thousand dollars, most of which were worthless securi- ties. He found also that Cooper had been paying a greater per cent, than he was receiv- ing. Mr. Jessup resigned after about six weeks, and Azur Lathrop was appointed to close up the matter. He disposed of the se- curities and realized about ninety thousand dol- lars for the depositors. The First National Bank of Montrose. — The articles of association were adopted January 27, 1875, and the charter was obtained February 13, 1875. There were about seventy stock- holders originally, with $100,000 cash capital. William J. Turrell was the first president; D. D. Searle, vice-president; N. S. Lenheim, cashier. The first board of directors consisted of eleven stockholders, as follows : Geo. V. Bentley, Abel Turrell, M. S. Dessauer, A. J. Gerritson, G. B. Eldred, E. A. Pratt, L. S. Lenheim, E. A. Clark, M. B. Wright, William J. Turrell and D. D. Searle. In January, 1877, N. S. Lenheim, the cashier, was arrested for forgery in New York. This caused the bank officials to make an investiga- tion. The books appeared to be all right. The bank examiner, who had been there a short time previous, complimented the officers on the manner in which they kept their books. A United States expert was employed, and he could discover nothing wrong. M. B. Wright, one of the directors, visited Mr. Lenheim in the Tombs, and he revealed to him what he had done. The principal wrong consisted in putting the bank indorsement on forged paper, and in selling the securities of the bank in New York, and pocketing the proceeds, instead of sending them to New York for collection for the benefit of the bank, as the books showed. The total loss to the bank, was about $105,000. The bank was re-organized with a capital of $50,000. The other $50,000 of capital stock, together with two assessments — one of twenty-five and another of fifteen per cent. — and about $12,000 realized from L. S. Lenheim's estate, were suffi- cient to pay all demands against the bank, which has continued to do business until the present time. William J. Turrell acted as president un- til his death, in August, 1881, and was succeeded by George V. Bentley, who resigned in 1885, and, January 13th of that year, Gabriel B. El- dred was elected to that position. The following persons have been vice-presi- dents : D. D. Searle, 1875-77 ; George V. Bent- ley, 1877-81 ; F. B. Chandler, from August, 1881, to January, 1882; Jefferson Griffis, 1882-84; M. S. Dessauer, 1884-86; W. D. Lusk, 1886. Cashiers : N. S. Lenheim, February 13, 1875, to January, 1877 ; Gabriel B. Eldred, January, 1877, to January 13, 1885; D. R. Lathrop, January 13, 1885. Directors : George V. Bentley, 1875 ; Abel Turrell, 1875; M. S. Dessauer, 1875; A. J. Gerritson, 1875 ; G. B. Eldred, 1875 ; E. A. Pratt, 1875; L. S. Lenheim, 1875; E. A. Clark, 1875 ; M. B. Wright, 1875 ; W. J. Tur- rell,' 1875; D. D. Searle, 1875; W. C. Tilden, 1877. In 1878 the number of directors was re- duced to nine, and in 1879 the number was re- duced to seven. Jefferson Griffis, 1879; D. C. Ainey, 1879 ; F. B. Chandler, 1880 ; D. Brew- ster, 1880 ; Henry L. Beach, 1882 ; H. C. Ty- ler, 1882; Azur Lathrop, 1883; A. H. McCol- lum, 1885 ; E. S. Warner, 1886 ; G. P. Little, 1886; W. D. Lusk, 1886. The above dates show when the persons named were first chosen directors. George V. Bentley served continuously until 1885. Gabriel B. Eldred is the only director that has served since the organization until the present time. Tuesdays and Fridays are discount days. The bank is now in a healthful condition. In 1886 the first dividends were declared since the Len- heim defalcation. At the annual meeting in January, 1887, 'Gabriel Eldred's health having become impaired 1 Since deceased, 1887. 300 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. so that he could no longer act as president, W. D. Lusk was chosen to fill that position. H. L. Beach was elected vice-president; D. R. La- throp, cashier ; Amos Nicholas, teller. Direc- tors, A. Lathrop, W. D. Lusk, G. P. Little, H. L. Beach, J. Griffis, E. S. Warner, G. B. Eldred. Resources January 1, 1887. Loans and Discounts 8165,879.22 United States Bonds and Premiums 16,100.00 Due from Banks, Treasurer of United States, . . . 25,719.06 Gold and Silyer, .... 12,785.65 Legal Tender and National Bank Notes, 5,931.00 Sundry Cash Items. 662.33 Banking-House, . . 9,500.00 Keal Estate, . . . . . 2,600.00 Capital, . . . . . Liabilities. . . . .S50.000.00 . . 11,250.00 . . 9,065.54 Deposits, Total Gabiel Eldred was born in Orange County, N. Y., April 15,1818. His father, Ephraim Eldred, moved to Bethany when he was two years old, and died two years after. Gabriel lived with his grandfather in Sussex County, N. J., until he died, when he went to Bethany, where his mother lived. He was now a lad of thirteen years and worked at the hatter's trade with E. W. Hamlim, attending school winters. "When he was eighteen he came to Montrose and worked at his trade with Case & Hancock two years ; thence to Towanda, where he worked at the same trade three years ; returning to Montrose in 1841, he worked at the same trade for C. W. Tuttle, and finally for Wm. M. Post, who was running a hatter's shop with employes. He purchased this business and continued it until he was elected sheriff of Susquehanna County, in 1851. This was the last hatter's shop at Montrose. This industry now, like many others, is concentrated in large manufac- turing houses. Mr. Eldred served his full term as sheriff, 1851-54, and was deputy sheriff under John Young and Elias V. Green six years, from 1863 to 1869 ; he was prothonotary and immediately after he was elected justice of the peace, but served only one year, as W. F. Simrell, his successor in the prothonotary's office, died, and he was again elected to that office in 1870, and served three years more. He became so familiar with the records in this office, that he knew from memory where nearly every thing was ; and the members of the bar and people generally began to think that he was almost indispensable. After his third term as prothon- otary he was appointed commissioners' clerk, but served only one year, when he was elected cashier of the First National Bank. When he took that position the affairs of the bank were in a deplorable condition. His predecessor had robbed the bank of $105,000 or $5000 more than the capital stock. Mr. Eldred acted as cashier eight years and has been president two years. Although the capital stock is reduced to $50,000, the bank has redeemed all its pledges and is paying a dividend again. Mr. Eldred's life has been an active one, and he has dis- charged all of his trusts with honesty and fidel- ity. He married Jane Tuttle in October, 1844, and had two daughters that arrived at the age of maturity. Dtjdson R. Lathrop, a son of Benjamin and Clarissa (Avery) Lathrop, born in 1828, attended the Montrose Academy in boyhood, and at the age of fifteen entered the store of his brother Azur in Springville, where he remained five years, fol- lowed by one year with Lathrop & Salisbury, at Montrose. He has since been a member of the mercantile firms of A. Lathrop & Co., D. R. Lathrop & Co., J. Griifis & Co. and A. & D. R. Lathrop, besides spending several years as a clerk in other houses. He served as postmaster at Montrose for a short time, receiv- ing his appointment under President Fillmore, and again served during the administration of PresidentLincoln. In 1853 he was elected coun- ty treasurer and served two years ; was clerk in the bank of W. H. Cooper & Co. for seven years following 1858 ; cashier of the post-office at Scranton for a little over one year, and teller of the First National Bank at Towanda for two and one-half years, ending in 1874. For seven years following he conducted a mining store at Bernice, Sullivan County, Pa. In the fall of 1883 he was elected teller of the First National Bank of Montrose, and after serving one year he was chosen cashier, which position he has acceptably filled since. In 1854 he married Sarah E., a daughter of Hon. Davis D. Dimock, son of Elder Davis Dimock, an early Baptist clergyman. Her mother was Maria, a daughter MONTKOSE. 301 of William "Ward. They have two children — one, Benjamin, in the Post-Office Department at Washington, and Walter Lathrop, in the Medi- cal Department of Pennsylvania University. Amos Nichols was born August 9, 1833, in Bridgewater township. His parents, Zenas Nichols and Mary A. (Howe) Nichols, came from Herkimer County, N. Y., in 1808, and located first in Silver Lake. Shortly afterwards, in Bridgewater, one mile south of Montrose, he bought a property of the Clymer estate, and made improvements on the place, which is now owned by Charles F. Meeker. His children were Abel H., who died in Beverly, N. J., in 1884 ; Amos ; Lucy, wife of John H. Lake, of Haverstraw, N. Y., died in 1873. Amos helped his father on the farm and attended the com- mon schools in boyhood. In 1859 he bought out Orlando Eldridge, a merchant in Brook- lyn, and engaged in the mercantile business three years in that place. In 1861 he was elected county treasurer and returned to Mon- trose until the expiration of his term, after which he had a position in the Treasury De- partment at Washington. Returning to Mon- trose, he was in partnership with A. B. Burns in the drug business nine years ; with Charles H. Smith two years, firm Nichols & Smith ; with H. P. Read three years, firm Read & Nichols. He then went into the crockery, grocery, boot and shoe business with his son (firm Amos Nichols & Son) from 1881 to Janu- ary 1, 1886. He has been teller of the First National Bank since February, 1885. His wife is Harriet A., daughter of Horace Wade, of New Milford. They have one son, Harry A., of the firm of Nichols & Waltrous. Colonel Christopher M. Gere, son of Ebenezer Gere, was born in New London, Conn., May 7, 1814, and came with his parents to Brooklyn township when he was seven years of age. He worked on the farm until he was sixteen, when he entered his father's shop and worked at plane-making, meanwhile attending the common schools winters. He went to Con- necticut and completed his trade and returned to Brooklyn, where he continued to work at his trade until he was elected sheriff, in the fall of 1848, when he removed to Montrose, where he still resides. He took up surveying, having learned it from surveyors as he carried the chain. He was one of the surveyors that es- tablished the county line between Wayne and Susquehanna Counties ; also one of the commis- sioners on the part of this State, who had charge of the survey establishing the line be- tween Pennsylvania and New York. He ob- tained his title as colonel in the militia service. He married Emily A. Smith, and has one son, Christopher M., an employee of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. Schools. — Prior to the enactment of the law providing a system of education by taxa- tion that should be free to all, the State of Pennsylvania made appropriations for academies in different parts of the commonwealth. The people of Susquehanna County have ever been alert and active in the matter of education, and early took advantage of the liberality of the State and obtained an appropriation of two thousand dollars on condition that the citizens of Susquehanna County should raise one thou- sand five hundred dollars. The 19th of March, 1816, Governor Synder approved an act incorporating l The Susquehanna County Academy with William Thompson, Davis Di mock, Isaac Post, Jabez Hyde, Jr., Daniel Ross, Wright Chamberlain, Hosea Tiffany, Jr., Robert H. Rose, Jonah Brewster, David Post, Austin Howell, Charles Fraser, Isaac Brown- son and Putnam Catlin, trustees. These trustees comprised the principal officers of the county, with the president and cashier of the Silver Lake Bank. A meeting was ap- pointed for the 3d of September following. The care of the erection of a building was given to Isaac Post, and it was completed in 1818. The offices of judges and commissioners in the board of trustees were then filled by J. W. Raynsford, Benjamin Sayre, S. S. Mulford, I. P. Foster, Samuel Warner, Justin Clark, Bela Jones and B. T. Case, the last-named being then secretary, and for several years afterwards. There was no church edifice in the place, and the second floor of the building was used as a place of religious worship every Sabbath. The academy 1 Blackmail's " History." 302 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. at that time occupied the brow of the hill above the new jail, the hill then being much steeper than at present, and containing a valuable quarry but little excavated. The grandparents of our time relate with glee their feats in coasting down this hill with an upturned bench for a sled, which many a merry boy and girl could enjoy together. About 1828 the building was moved down close to the sidewalk, between the present locations of the new academy and the old court-house, where it remained for twenty- two years. Among the teachers engaged in this institu- tion the following are remembered : 1818, Wil- liam Jessup (advertised by the trustees as teach- er of mathematics and " the learned languages") and Bela Jones ; J. W. Raynsford, part of the year; 1819, Samuel Barnard and daughter, Catharine (since Mrs. Morgan) ; 1820, Ralph H. Read, Walker Woodhouse ; 1821-24, Al- bert Bingham, David Benedict, P. Wright ; 1825-28, Eli Meeker, Sloaue Hamilton, Frank- lin Lusk, Benjamin and D. Dimock, Jr. ; 1829 -31, Seth T. Rogers, P. Richardson, S. S. Stebbins, Rufus B Gregory; 1833-36, B. S. Bentley ; 1837-42, L. H. Woodruff (?), H. S. Fairchild, Payne, Rev. S. Manning ; 1843-44, Z. L. Beebe and Lafayette G. Dim- ock ; 1845-47, C. C. Halsey ; 1848-49, A. J. Buel. Most of the above were collegiate grad- uates. Among the lady teachers after Miss Barnard, and prior to 1830, were Misses Ann Harris (afterwards Mrs. S. Hodgdon), Maria Jones, Abigail Sayre (Mrs. James Catlin), Mary Ann Raynsford (Mrs. D. D. Warner). Of other schools, Miss Harriet Connor taught early over Raynor's store. A French and English select school was taught in 1828 by Mrs. B. Streeter. Courses of lessons in English grammar, and also lessons on the German flute had been given by different gentlemen ; iu the mean time, Wentworth Roberts taught in the Bowman House. In 1832 the academy was thoroughly re- paired, and an orrery and other apparatus pro- cured. The same season an infant school was taught by Mrs. Amanda B. Catlin. She had the first piano in the place (in 1819), and taught music in 1832. Subsequently and prior to 1837 Misses Jane A. Brand (Mrs. Dr. Justin A. Smith, of Chicago, recently deceased), Lu- cretia Loomis, A. L. Fraser, Nancy and Caro- line Bowman, Caroline C. Woodhouse and possibly others were teachers in the lower rooms of the academy, while the classical department occupied the one long room on the second floor. Early in 1839 Miss Elizabeth Wood was the first teacher of the female seminary, in the same building. It was incorporated through the exertions of Colonel Asa Dimock. This institution, it was intended, should be entitled to three hundred dollars annually for ten years from the State. It first trustees were A. H. Read, J. C. Biddle, D. Dimock, Jr., George Fuller and Daniel Searle. In 1840-41 the preceptress was Mrs. Elizabeth H. Stone (after- wards Mrs. Niven). A piano was purchased, and Miss Theodosia A. Catlin taught a large class in music, though there were then but three pianos in the place. In 1841-42 Miss Mariana Read, of Homer, New York, was preceptress here. For three or four years following select schools by former teachers appear to have occu- pied the lower rooms. In 1847 Miss F. L. Willard began teaching in the academy, but afterwards kept a boarding-school for young ladies, assisted by Mrs. Theodore Smith and E. C. Blackman, and a day-school, which in- cluded young lads, in the building now the residence of George C. Hill, later in the old Post house, Miss Totten assistant. Pupils attended from remote parts of the county and from other counties. A new academy had been projected in 1846, but it was not completed until the summer of 1850. The building, fifty by sixty feet, is now occupied by the graded school. Its cost was four thousand two hundred dollars. The first board of trustees consisted of William Jessup, president ; R. J. Niven, secretary ; M. S. Wil- son, treasurer ; Rev. H. A. Riley, F. B. Street- er, B. S. Bentley, William L Post, George Fuller, Alfred Baldwin, William J. Mulford, Leonard Searle, D. D. Warner and Henry Drinker. They made valuable contributions for the foundation of a library and cabinet of natural curiosities, which, it is to be regretted, MONTKOSE. 303 have not been well preserved. The first in- structors were Lemuel H. Waters, A.M., prin- cipal ; Miss Mary J. Crawford, preceptress ; William H. Jessup and Miss A. A. P. Rogers, assistant teachers ; Miss Caroline Bowman, superintendent of primary department ; Emily C. Blackman, teacher of music; Gustave H. Walther, teacher of German. Succeeding principals were Rev. Isaac Gray, Rufus C. Crampton, William H. Richmond, John L. Mills and Hartshorne, collegiates. After Miss Crawford the lady teachers were Misses Bessie Huntting, Caroline Bush, Frances J. Woolworth and Brown. A normal school was established in the fall of 1857, J. F. Stod- dard principal. He was succeeded by H. Broadhead, B.A., and S. S. Hartwell, B.A. In the fall of 1863, under the care of F. D. Hunt, it assumed distinctively the features of a graded school, which it still retains. Rev. J. R. Stone had charge of the classical department ; Misses C. M. Dixon, M. M. Chamberlin, Jessie Bissell, A. Perry and Mrs. A. M. Richards were among the earliest teachers of other de- partments. The following is a list of the prin- cipals of Montrose Graded School : F. D. Hunt, 1863 (two years) ; G. C. Hammond, 1865 ; E. B. Hawley, 1866 ; John G. Cope, 1867 ; W. C. Tilden, 1868; A. H. Berlin, 1869 (six years); Mont. Evans, 1875 (two years) ; Charles Roos, 1877 (three years); J. W. Gray, 1880 (part of one year) ; C. S. Woodruff, 1881 (three years); S. D. Barnes, 1884; A. H. Berlin, 1885. The school has six departments, graded from the primary to the higher department. Graduates from the school are expected to pass a thorough examination in the common school branches, and have a knowledge of higher mathematics, the sciences and instruction in Latin. The school is patronized by the sur- rounding country, and has fitted a number for college and many more for teaching. The school has always labored under the disadvan- tage of a constant change of principals, until Professor A. H. Berlin was retained for six years. He was born in 1845, and was gradu- ated from Keystone Normal School, and has followed teaching as a profession. He was one of the first faculty of the normal school at In- diana, Pa., and subsequently principal of West Pittston schools seven years, and was recalled to Montrose in 1885, where his energy and en- thusiasm are manifest in the management of the school. The Old Free School of Montrose. — William J. Turrell taught the school upon its organiza- tion while it was held in the old academy. The teachers in the old free-school build- ing were Messrs. R. Pike, A. Carr, Hay- den, F. Fraser, A. Chamberlin (three sea- sons), D. Chamberlin, A. N. Bullard, L. F. Fitch, William A. Crossmon, Eugene A. Ly- ons, U. C. Johnson, A. R. Vail, Sampson. The last-named taught in 1856, at twenty-nine dollars per month, four dollars per month more than any previous teacher had received. Later teachers were paid still more. The colored children were taught separately after November, 1857, and Miss H. N. Austin was their first teacher. Mr. M. J. Corse taught that winter in the free-school building, and was succeeded by J. F. Shoemaker, B. Thatcher (three seasons) and F. D. Hunt. While Mr. Hunt was teaching it was decided to establish a graded school, and to rent the academy for that purpose. The ladies who taught the free school received occasionally as much as $3.75 per week — never over $4 ; and when two were employed ait once each received $2.75. Miss N. Bowman had taught the female department before the school- house was built. After December, 1837, there were the following teachers: Miss P. A. Smith, Mrs. Carr, Misses Charlotte Root, Helen Avery, Emeline Brownson, Ann P. Lathrop, Ruth A. Perkins, Caroline Bowman, Mrs. Sherer, Misses L. A. Chamberlin, Louisa Avery, Mary War- ner, Jane Simpson, Helen Grover, Maria A. Deans, Salome Warner, Jesse Bissell, Jennie Mott and Chubbuck. The building was occupied many summers by select schools taught by the Misses Caroline and Jane Woodhouse, H. Fordham, C. G. Read, A. McNeil, R. Tuttle, C. B. Birchard and pos- sibly by a few of those mentioned above. Al- together, the building and the teachers were a power for good in the community which it is pleasant to recognize. 304 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. B. Thatcher taught the free school three years, and has been school director twenty-one years, and is now the secretary of the School Board. ^RIDGEWATER BAPTIST CHURCH of Mont- rose, Pa. — In 1801, when this portion of the State was a dense wilderness, Bartlet Hinds, son of Elder Ebenzer Hinds, of Massachusetts, came from Southampton, L. I., and settled in the township of Bridge water. His wife, Mary, two sons, Conrad and Bartlet, a daughter named Susanna, and two sons of Mrs. Hinds, by a previous marriage, Isaac and David Post, accompanied him. Jonathan Wheaton, also a Baptist, moved into the township with his family the same year. Stephen Wilson had settled prior to this, in 1800. For more than a year no religious meetings were held in the neighborhood, although the settlement grew rapidly with accessions from various quarters. At length Brethren Whea- ton and Hinds commenced a prayer-meet- ing, in which several others joined. It was held frequently, but not every Sabbath at first ; and with some manifest tokens of the divine presence, so that the meetings were maintained for many years. In the winter of 1806-7 two more praying families were added to their number, and the same season the way began to open for having the Gospel preached in their neighborhood. Mr. Hinds being at Wilkes- Barre, heard Elder Davis Dimock, the pastor of the Exeter Baptist Church, preaching in the court-house ; an introduction followed, and the condition of the new and growing set- tlement so enlisted the preacher's sympathies that he made an appointment to preach there on Monday evening. March 30, 1 807. There was a general attendance and so much interest among the people to hear the Gospel that Elder Dimock concluded to remain another day. But God's purpose was for a longer period. A heavy fall of snow, quite four feet deep, prevented the preacher's return for a week. Yet over it all, on snow-shoes, or through it all, the people came day after day, many of them a great distance and through 1 By Rev. E. W. Husted. trackless woods, to hear the word of God. Many were pricked in the heart and began to seek salvation, while the Lord's weary but trusting ones were greatly refreshed and quick- ened. Elder Dimock made two other visits during the summer, when two persons were baptized upon a profession of faith. From this time meetings were held every Lord's day, whether they had preaching or. not, and as they who had " one Lord, one faith, and one baptism " had now become acquainted with each other, they agreed to hold every month what they called a " covenant meeting," for each other's mutual sympathy, comfort and watch-care. This soon ripened into a church organization, for in March, 1808, the Baptist Church in Exeter was earnestly requested to take measures for giving to these praying, covenanting disciples the privileges of distinct and full membership. It was the custom in this -section of the country, at that time, to receive such appli- cants for church privileges into the fellowship and membership of the body to whom the ap- plication was addressed, through a committee or commission, composed of the pastor and a given number of brethren, appointed for the purpose, hearing and pronouncing upon each person's Christian experience and worthiness of church standing; and if the examination proved satisfactory, they were subsequently "set off" as requested, and "power was given them to receive and expel members and to do all other acts of an independent church," sub- ject, however, to the authority of the whole convention, as an individual member is in any particular church subject to its authority. Accordingly, the church at Exeter sent their pastor, Elder Dimock, and several lay brethren to Bridgewater, and on the 9th day of April, 1808, after the usual preliminaries, at the house of Brother Bartlet Hinds, six brethren — Jonathan Wheaton, Henry Congdon, Asa Baldwin, David Knowlton, Luther Deans and Samuel Baldwin — were organized into a church, of Christ, and, as the records say, given " fel- lowship to do and perform things necessary thereto." Henry Congdon was chosen clerk, and two days after their members were in- MONTKOSE. 305 creased to ten by Sisters Mrs. Sarah Congdon, Polly Baldwin and Betsey Baldwin. A.t their next regular church-meeting, May 14, 1808, Brother Bartlet Hinds, by letter, and Mrs. Agnes Hinds, Stephen Wilson and John Gardner, by baptism, were added to their number. In June, 1809, Elder Davis Dimock, at their unanimous call and earnest solicitation, assumed the pastorate and moved his family to Bridgewater. From this time additions were gradually made to them, as new settlers came into their boundaries. But in the fall of 1810 the Holy Spirit began to move upon the community, so that the record of one of their meetings expresses " great thankfulness for the great mercies of THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. God in the union of the church and the con- version of sinners, who were coming to Christ like clouds, and like doves to their windows." Fifty were added to the church by baptism as the fruit of this awakening and refreshing from the presence of the Lord. Every year but two of Elder Dimock's long pastorate of over a quarter of a century wit- nessed some baptism, but no very general work of grace was experienced until 1826, when 20 over eighty were baptized, and in 1827, over fifty. It was during this revival that the Church resolved upon preliminary steps to secure a suitable house of worship. A meeting was held at the court-house on Christmas day, 1826, to consult upon a project. There was but one sentiment, and they unanimously agreed to undertake the work, great as it was for them. Accordingly, Brethren Isaac Post and Samuel Warner were appointed a committee to obtain subscriptions and superintend the erection of the house. The undertaking proved more arduous and the delay of their hopes much greater even than they feared, for" it was not until three years had passed that they entered their own sanctuary. But in December, 1829, the church ceased to be dependent upon a district school-house or the county court-house. In 1846 the edifice was enlarged to its present dimensions — capable of holding five hundred persons — and was otherwise improved; since then it has undergone little change in general appearance, being renewed from time to time. During the past year, 1886, it has been very much improved, and now stands a well-pre- served land-mark. The year 1832 was also a season of large in-gathering, when seventy- five were added by baptism. The largest accession made in any one year was in 1843, under the pastorate of Elder J. B. Worden, when one hundred were added. But the church has had its days of darkness and sore trials. The most severe and afflictive of all these can hardly be passed over in this historical sketch. In 1839 forty-seven mem- bers were dismissed to form an independent church in the Union School District, Bridge- water, because of a wide difference of views in regard to church action upon slavery. At first this matter seemed portentous of great evil. After a time it promised to be satisfactorily arranged by an amicable division, and the ex- istence of two distinct churches living in har- mony. But for two or three years the cause of Christ greatly suffered, and the people of God "went through fire and water." At length, after numerous efforts at reconciliation, by councils, and such associational overtures and 306 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. suggestions as seemed pertinent and proper, the old church became, in 1843, the sole organiza- tion representative of the Baptist faith and polity in Montrose and Bridgewater, nearly all returning from the Second Church, and the re- united people striving together for the unity of the Spirit, the bonds of peace and the promo- tion of the great cause of God. ***** The pastors who have labored with this people are as follows : Elder Davis Dimock, 1809-39; J. B. Worden, 1839- 44 ; A. L. Post, 1844-46 ; D. Taylor, 1846-49 ; Davis Dimock, 1849-51 ; F. Glanville, 1851-52 ; S. L. Kan- sted and A. L. Post, 1855-56 ; W. N. Wopeth, 1856- 58 ; J. C. Boomer, 1858-62 ; J. E. Stone, 1862-65 ; B. C. Morse, 1866-68 ; H. F. Cochrane, 1868 ; L. B. Ford, 1870: J. E. Chesshire, 1873-78; Henry W. Sherwood, 1878-82; D. W. Shepherd, 1882-84; E. W. Husted, 1884. During the past few years the church has passed through many scenes of revival interest. Nearly all of the old members have "fallen asleep." Deacon Mason Wilson still remains, after a consistent membership of over fifty years, being baptized by Elder Davis Dimock in 1832. The church still occupies an honorable and prominent place in the town. There are about two hundred and' seventy-five members en- rolled. The Sabbath-school numbers two hun- dred and twenty-five, the largest number in its history, and is in excellent condition, the church and school working in harmony, the pastor and people realizing the fact that the school is the " hope of the church." Deacon George P. Little is the superintendent. The library of five hundred volumes, with its im- proved library system, is said to be the finest in the county. And so, after an existence of over eighty years of " stormy and of cloudy weather," the old church still stands a monument to God's good- ness, an old land-mark, pointing weary, foot- sore travelers to the road which leads to life eternal. "'Elder Davis Dimock was born at Kocky Hill, Hartford County, Conn., May 27, 1776. His 1 Blackmail, p. 306. parents were David and Sarah Green Dimock. His father at the opening of the Bevolutionary War en- tered the service first as a sergeant, and afterwards as lieutenant of the Continental army. He, with his mother and three brothers, on the opening of the war, were taken as a measure of safety into Vermont. At the close of the war the family returned to Connecti- cut, and resided at Norfolk until the year 1790, when, with the tide of emigration from Connecticut, they came into the Wyoming Valley and settled at Wilkes- Barre. He was then fourteen years of age. " To a compact, symmetrical and truly admirable physical organism there was added a pleasing per- sonal address. To an extremely social nature there was added an almost unbounded and attractive humor. To a quick perception of the relation of things, and the workings of human nature, there was added an ambi- tion that knew no bounds but those of patriotism and honor. And to a heart unsanctified by the Divine Spirit, and that had come to drink in, quite deeply, infidelity to Christ and the Bible, there was added a purpose to gain and enjoy as much as possible of the world's pleasures, riches and honors. With these developments he labored on the farm and in the work- shop, improved the scanty opportunities in his reach to gain knowledge by attending and teaching com- mon schools, and was active in all of the political and other gatherings of the people. All seemed bright before him. " On the 5th of June, 1797, he was united in mar- riage to Betsey Jenkins, of Tunkhannock, who became the mother of his twelve children, and the beloved and faithful partner of his toils and privations, as well as his hopes and enjoyments, during fifty-five years of his earthly pilgrimage. In 1801, while living in Exeter with his young family, toiling for and rapidly acquiring wealth — carrying on at the same time the businesses of farming, blacksmithing and distilling ardent spirits — he was arrested in his career, and by the power of Divine grace his proud heart was made to yield to the requirements of the law of faith in an atoning sacrifice, and changed at once all of the plans and purposes of his life. '* He was received and baptized into the Exeter Baptist Church, August 9, 1801, by Elder Jacob Drake, the pioneer Baptist minister of the valley. Heeding the great commission, which seemed directed to him, ' Go ye into all the world and preach the gos- pel to every creature,' turning back upon place proffered in legislative halls, he commenced preach- ing that Jesus whom he had persecuted, and that res- urrection which, in the skepticism of his heart, he had repudiated. His first sermon was blessed by the Divine Spirit in leading his companion to embrace Christ as her only hope. " In 1803, at the yearly meeting of the Apocalyptic number of Baptist Churches, then called the Susque- hanna Baptist Connection, he was formally ordained to the ministry, by the imposition of the hands of the <3>cJ^rS <^^C2/P7t^ t ^^/' MONTROSE. 307 elders, and soon came to occupy a prominence which made him the master-spirit of the Connection. " In 1810, under his labors, occurred what was after- wards known as ' the great revival,' in which fifty-two, mostly by baptism, were added to the number of the church. The influence spread into the settlement from fifteen to twenty miles around, and he followed it up with an energy and zeal that knew no bounds but impossibilities. Often might he have been seen on his horse, threading his way from settlement to settle- ment, along forest paths, over hills and through val- leys, sometimes guided only by marked trees. Here or there, where he found a hut or log cabin, he was wont to stop, if but for a moment, to minister a word of admonition or cheer to its sinning, sick or discon- solate inhabitants. He soon came to be everywhere known and a welcome visitor. " He had studied medicine in his earlier years ; and on coming here when there was no physician, his medical services were often required and given. Finding it an aid rather than detriment to his gospel ministry, he continued more or less to practice suc- cessfully during subsequent life. " He accepted, through the general solicitation of his fellow-citizens, from the Governor, an appoint- ment of associate judge of the then new county of Susquehanna. In this capacity he served successfully and honorably from the time of the organization of the judiciary, a term of twenty-seven years. " He assisted in organizing churches in Auburn, Rush, Middletown, Choconut, Great Bend, Harford, New Milford, Jackson, Gibson and Dimock, and pos- sibly elsewhere. Elder Dimock was the sole pastor of the Bridgewater Church from its organization, in 1808, down to June, 1835, a term of twenty-seven years. At the close of that period, notwithstanding deaths and removals, the church numbered three hundred and twenty-two members. At the expira- tion of his sole, pastorate of the church, by his own request, Elder J. B. Worden became associated with him. This relation continued two years, when, from the infirmities of age and disease, and a desire to retire from the exciting scenes of a new era in the church, he resigned his relation, took a letter from this, and united with the church at Braintrim, having previously received a call to become its pastor. As pastor of that church, he labored according to the measure of his health and strength, witnessing many tokens that those labors were not in vain, until the fall of 1847, when, admonished by physicians and his personal consciousness of what a long life of labor and privation, as well as disease, had wrought upon his wonderful constitution, he resigned the pastorate to another. " In the spring of 1848 he returned with his com- panion to Montrose to reside the remainder of his days with his children. He reunited with this church.'' His name appears in the Baptist minutes every year or two, in connection with the supply of the pulpit at Montrose, during the time that he was at Braintrim. He was a great force in the church for half a century. Gordon Z. Dimock, his only living child in 1887, says that his father only attended com- mon school six months, and his mother attended a school that his father taught for three months. She was a daughter of Benjamin Jenkins, of Wyoming Valley, who was killed during the " Pennamite War." Elder Dimock was a hardshell Baptist, and did not believe in having a regular salary for preaching, but supported himself largely by blacksmithing, prac- ticing medicine, etc. His salary as associate judge also helped him to raise his large family. Of course he performed the marriage ceremony for a great many couples. He received a handful of goose-quills (good for pens) from his first couple. He generally received more than that, however. He was a man of great native^, force, a fine specimen of the old-time preacher, and much beloved by the people. Once when he was preaching down the Wyalusing, a young couple that admired him very much urged him to accompany them home and stay that night with them. He reluctantly consented, as he had made other ar- rangements. During the night he awoke and saw them sitting by the fire-place poking the fire. He soon ascertained that he was occupying the only bed in the house. He arose and insisted upon the young couple's retiring, while he poked the fire the rest of the night. His wife died in 1852, aged seventy-two, and he died September 27, 1858, aged eighty-two. Their children were Benjamin Dimock, who was principal of the school at Bethany for a time, and died at Pompton, Wayne County, Pa. One of his sons is a boss on the gravity road from Carbondale to Honesdale. Sally married Nehemiah Scott, and re- mained on the Dimock homestead. One son, Norton W. Scott, rents the old place now of Geo. P. Little, the present owner. Davis Dimock, Jr., died while a member of Congress. Betsey Dimock married Hub- bard Avery for her first husband, and Luther Badger (an ex-member of Congress, who died at Binghamton) for her second husband. Lydia C. was an authoress, wife of Leonard Searle. Asa G. was a painter, poli- tician, State Senator (1841-43) for this district, and finally editor of the Wayne County Democrat, at Woos- ter, Ohio, where he died. John H., a lawyer, at Montrose. David died at sea. Dr. Gordon Z. Dim- ock, the only survivor of the old patriarch's family, resides in the first frame house that was built in the village, which was moved to its present location many years ago, which saved it from the fire that afterwards destroyed the building where it stood. David Dimock, the father of Davis Dimock, was a Kevolutionary soldier, served under Washington. He came to Wyoming Valley as a land agent, and finally came to Montrose, and lived with his son the latter part of his life. He was eighty-six when he died, and was active almost up to the day of his death. The Dimocks are said to be descended from 308 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. an old English family, and can trace their ancestry to 1060, the time of William the Conqueror. Sir Henry Dimock was challenger for King George the IV. when he was crowned, which was the last time that ceremony has ever been performed. Rev. Albert L. Post, son of Isaac Post, was born at Montrose March 25, 1809. He was educated at Union College and read law with William Jessup. He was admitted to the bar in 1833; he practiced law for a few years and was deputy attorney-general in 1836. In 1837 he began the publication of the Spectator, a journal devoted to the freedom of the colored race. He was an Abolitionist when it was un- popular to be identified with the anti-slavery movement. In 1841 he was ordained to the Christian ministry, and devoted much of his time to evangelistic labors in connection with the Baptist Church, of which he was a member. He was a man of Christian integrity and con- scientiousness, and would rather suffer than sacrifice a principle. Courageous in the main- tenance of what he felt to be right, yet he was as gentle as a little child in the simplicity of his life. Ever the friend of the oppressed, he lived for the benefit of others. He not only talked in favor of freedom for the colored man, but assisted the poor fugitives when they came to Montrose from their homes of bondage in the South. He lived to see the principles which he had advoca- ted triumphant. His wife was a daughter of Joseph Williams, an old settler of Bridgewater ; their only son was Isaac J. Post, of Scranton. Rev. Albert L. Post died at Montrose January 7, 1887. During his life he wrote a number of obituaries and reminiscences. His diary also contains many historical facts, and for many facts in relation to the early history of Montrose the writer is indebted to him, as preserved in his writings and the writings of his father. The present pastor, Rev. E. W Husted was born in the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., July 24, 1859. His education, acquired at the best schools in his native city, and at Hamilton Theological Seminary, has been supplemented and rounded out by quite extensive European travel. He graduated at Hamilton in June, 1884, and was ordained here on the 24th of August of the same year. He was married January 29, 1885, to Miss Viola Harris, of Brooklyn, N. Y., a lady who, by talent and cul- ture, is eminently qualified for the work to which she has been called. 1 Montrose Presbyterian Church. — For a considerable period previous to the organizing of the church, occasional services were held among the Presbyterians and Congregationalists living within Bridgewater township. Such services have been traced back as far as to the summer of 1802; and there are records of the baptism of several children previous to the or- ganizing of the church. On the 3d day of July, 1810, a company met at the house of Joseph Raynsford, about one and a half miles south of Montrose, and a Con- gregational Church was organized by the Rev. Ebenezer Kingsbury, then a missionary of the Connecticut Missionary Society, and afterwards pastor at Harford, assisted by the Rev. M. M. York, pastor of the Congregational Church at Wyalusing. The following persons then present signed the covenant and entered into church fel- lowship on that day : viz., Moses Tyler, Phineas Arms, Edmund Stone, Simeon Tyler, Samuel Davis, Amos West, Anna Davis, Esther Lath- rop, Sarah Tyler, Anna Raynsford, Hannah Fuller and Hannah Raynsford. Moses Tyler was chosen deacon, and Phineas Arms clerk. Miss Blackman states ("History of Susque- hanna County," p. 337), on what seems to be abundant evidence, that " the sermon on this occasion was preached in the barn of AValter Lathrop, near the barns since erected by his son Daniel." This was situated about one-half of a mile south of Mr. Raynsford's house. Meet- ings were afterwards frequently held in that barn. At the first meetiug of the church which followed, it was voted that "Each member should pay twelve and one-half cents for the Communion Table." At the first communion season following its organization, fourteen additional members were received into the church and twenty-one chil- dren and adults were baptized. In January of the following year (1811) Rev. Joseph Wood, a Congregationalist minister, was called to be 'By Rev. A. L. Benton. MONTROSE. 309 pastor of the church on a salary of two hundred and sixty dollars for the first year, and to increase ten dollars annnally until it should reach three hundred dollars. He was to. labor half of the time with this church and half with what is now the Brooklyn Church. 'The call was accepted, and he was installed June 19th of the same year by the Luzerne Association, and continued pastor until September 24, 1815. During this period, and for a year later, the services of the church were held most of the time at South Montrose, in the school-house or at the resi- dence of Zebulon Deans, near the school-house. But occasionally they were at some other private house. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In the autumn of 1816 services began to bo held at Montrose village, at first in the court- house and later in the academy. For several years they were divided, or alternated between Montrose village and the South District. The church had no regular pastor after Mr. Wood left, but was supplied at irregular times by missionaries or neighboring pastors, until early in 1818, when Eev. Gideon N. Judd, a gradu- ate of Union College and Princeton Theological Seminary, became stated supply. The church had then increased to over sixty members. It was during his ministry that the academy began to be used for church purposes. The salary of the minister was more than double that first given, and their purpose to fully pay it is mani- fest in a vote taken June 5, 1819, to assess " all arrearages remaining unpaid, to every member of the church in proportion to the valuation of their property." And the fact that this was carried unanimously was a very good guarantee for its payment. At the same meet- ing a board of trustees was chosen for the so- ciety. This board consisted of Joseph Butter- field, Isaac P. Foster, Zebulon Deans, Benja- min Sayre and Elizur Price. During the min- istry of Mr. Judd the first Sabbath-school in this town was organized, of which the Sabbath- school of this church is the legitimate successor. It was in the upper room of a public-house, on Sabbath afternoon, October 14, 1818, and con- sisted of six scholars and two teachers. Mr. Judd continued to be the stated supply of the church until May 21, 1820, when he closed his labors here to accept a call to Bloomfield, N. J. The church was then irregularly supplied until February 20, 1822, when, at a church-meeting held at the house of Reuben Wells, " it was agreed that a special invitation from the church be given to Rev. Enoch Conger to come and preach with us as soon as consistent." Mr. Conger supplied the church for some months. At a meeting of the church, held September 12, 1823, Rev. G. N. Judd (then visiting in the place) presiding, it was unanimously voted to adopt the Presbyterian form of government and elect seven elders, and the following per- sons were elected to such office, viz. : Phineas Arms, Zebulon Deans, Reuben Wells, Moses Tyler, Joshua W. Raynsford, Benjamin Sayre and Jerre Lyons. Mr. Lyons immediately tendered his resignation and nominated Isaac P. Foster for his place, and Mr. Foster was unanimously chosen. About six years later, or August 4, 1829, Mr. Lyons was re-elected and ordained as an elder, together with William Jessup. These first elders were ordained by Mr. Judd during a meeting of the Presbytery 310 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. of Susquehanna, in session at Montrose, Sep- tember 16, 1823. In this same year Eev. Burr Baldwin, a graduate of Yale College and An- dover Theological Seminary, then in his early manhood and having had considerable experi- ence as a teacher as well as a preacher, and at that time agent for the United Board of Foreign Missions, came into this region for his health, and, having preached here, was called to the pastorate of this church. His installation took place September 22, 1824. Entering upon his work with characteristic earnestness, great prosperity attended his labors. Instead of half a day at South Montrose, both services from this time were held in the court-house here. Feeling the need of a house of worship, he sought to secure one and was successful. During his ministry the first meeting-house was built, on the lot where now stands the present church edifice. This was dedicated June 22, 1826. Revival scenes soon followed. Thirty-five members were received into the church this year on confession of faith, and among them were many efficient workers. The church was greatly prospered under his wise ministry, which closed in May, 1829. Mr. Baldwin, after leaving this place, was pastor at New Hartford, Conn., and Ashland, Mass. He was nine years teacher at Newark, N. J., and did much missionary work within the bounds of Montrose Presbytery, supplying feeble churches, planting new ones, raising money to build sanctuaries and to support min- isters. At the age of sixty-seven he made a tour of inspection through Texas, under the auspices of the Southern Aid Society. Return- ing, he gave a few more years' missionary work in Montrose and Genessee Valley Presbyteries. Then he was post chaplain in Eastern Virginia. At seventy-six he began a year's missionary work in Southeastern New York. After this he spent a graceful old age in retirement, but not in idleness, among the people of his former charge in Montrose, and died January 23, 1880, aged ninety-one years and four days. In the autumn of 1829 the session directed that their moderator and clerk sign an invita- tion to Rev. Daniel Deruelle, of New Jersey, a graduate of Princeton Seminary, to come and preach for one year. He was afterward called to the pastorate and installed in June, 1830. A man of fine physique, of fervid eloquence and earnest piety, under his ministry the member- ship of the church was greatly increased. One hundred and twelve were added to it on confes- sion of faith during the three years of his pastorate, which closed in 1833. Within this period (in January, 1831) the first church bell of the borough was purchased and used by this congregation. In the latter part of his ministry the people were much moved and became some- what divided in sentiment respecting the measures and methods of an evangelist who labored for a time with them. The good pastor was much grieved at the want of entire har- mony among his people for such a cause. And when he came to preach his farewell sermon he announced his text (Gen. xlv. 24): "See that ye fall not out by the way," and was so overcome by his feelings that he burst into tears, and sat down. One of the officers of the church seeing that the pastor would be unable to go on with his sermon, dismissed the congregation. Mr. Deruelle, after retiring from the work here, spent some time as agent of the Board of Edu- cation, that he might improve his health by such active labors and travel. He died in North Carolina, March 4, 1858, while riding in his carriage pursuing his work as agent of the American Bible Society. Soon after the retirement of Mr. Deruelle, the Rev. Timothy Stow, a graduate of Hamil- ton College and Auburn Theological Seminary, was called to the pastorate. He came here in January, 1834, and was installed the June fol- lowing. After a successful ministry of four years, suffering from bronchial difficulties, he ceased his labors in the spring of 1838. He died at Lawrence, Mich., October 13, 1860. The next pastorate was that of Rev. Henry A. Riley. Born in New York City, a gradu- ate of the University of Pennsylvania, he studied law for a few months and then entered the Medical Department of the University, from which he was graduated in 1825. After practicing medicine about four years in his native city, he entered Princeton Theological Seminary and graduated in 1832. In 1835 he iXZA MONTROSE. 311 was ordained and installed pastor of what is now the West Twenty-third Street Church, of New York, from which he came here upon a unanimous call from this church. His labors here commenced January 20, 1839, and he was installed March 12, 1840. A house hav- ing been promised him in the call, a parsonage was built on the lot still used for the same pur- pose, and was first occupied in June, 1842. With great ability, candor and earnestness in the pulpit, and a tender and faithful pastor out of it, his ministry was one of marked success. The old church edifice which has been in use for thirty-three years, being found insufficient for their needs, it was decided to build a new one. The old church was used for the last time for public worship March 25, 1860, at which time a tender communion service was held. The preceding day had been a reunion and memorial day in the church. The corner-stone of the new edifice was laid June 13, 1860, and the completed house of worship was dedicated Feb- ruary 5, 1862. Greatly beloved by his peo- ple, Mr. Riley resigned his charge after a pas- torate of twenty-five years, and preached his farewell sermon December 27, 1863. The remainder of his days were spent among the people whom he had served so long and so faithfully. He died March 17, 1878. A few months after Mr. Riley retired, Au- gust 20, 1864, the Rev. Jacob G. Miller, a graduate of Williams College and of Auburn Theological Seminary, then settled pastor at Branford, Conn., received a unanimous call to this field. The call was accepted and the pastor- elect was installed October 13, 1864. This, like the preceding pastorate, was marked by stability and success. It was attended with steady growth to the church, and with some revivals of great power. And when, after sev- enteen years of faithful service, the pastor, with impaired health and greatly beloved, resigned his charge, he left an enduring monument in a strong, well-equipped church, which he had done much to establish. Dr. Miller preached his farewell sermon November 20, 1881. After a year spent at Marathon, N. Y., he be- came pastor of the Congregational Church at Manchester, Iowa, where he still resides. Rev. A. L. Benton is the son of Chester and Tirza Porter Loomis Benton, natives of Con- necticut, who resided in Cortland, N. Y., most of their lives, and were members of the Presby- terian Church there. He was born in Cortland November 9, 1831, prepared for college at the academy at Cortland, and, after a four years' course, was graduated at Hamilton College in the class of '56, and, after a three years' course, he was graduated at Auburn Theological Semi- nary in the class of '59. He supplied the First Presbyterian Church of Milwaukee, Wis., for five months, and in January, 1860, married Emma, daughter of General Halsey Sanford, of Ovid, N. Y. In the same month he accepted a call from the Presbyterian Church at Lima, N. Y., where he continued his ministerial labors for eleven years. In the autumn of 1870 he accepted a call to become college pastor, with Rev. Dr. John C. Lord, over the Central Pres- byterian Church of Buffalo, N. Y., where he remained until the autumn of 1872, when, un- der a call from the Presbyterian Church at Fredonia, N. Y., he began his labors there, which continued for nine and one-half years. In May, 1882, Elder Benton was called to the Presbyterian Church at Montrose, Pa.; was in- stalled its pastor on November 25th, following. The old parsonage, which had served as the pastor's home for forty years, being in need of extensive repairs, it was thought best to remove it and build new. Consequently, the old house was sold and the beautiful, commodious and convenient parsonage now in use was built on the same lot. The pastor and his family moved into it in the winter of 1883-84. The present membership of the church is three hundred and seventy-two. The contribu- tions of the church for the year ending April 1, 1887, were : For missionary purposes, seven- teen hundred and twelve dollars ; and for home expenses, thirty-two hundred and ninety-two dollars. The Sabbath-School of the church numbers about two hundred and twenty scholars, with twenty-two teachers. Organized in 1818 in a public-house, its first teachers were Joshua W. Raynsford, with Miss Mary Fuller, in whose father's house it was first held. J. W. Rayns- 312 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ford was doubtless its first superintendent. June 3, 1819, the school was moved from the place of its organization into the academy building. Holding it in a public-school building aroused opposition to the school, as beiDg a desecration of the Sabbath. It was thought to be an un- justifiable use of the day. This led the trustees of the academy to close their doors against it. It then went into a room furnished by Benja- min Sayre, and Miss Hannah Cochran became superintendent. In 1822 the school numbered ninety scholars and eleven teachers. June 1 1, 1826, it was held for the first time in the new Presbyterian Church. In 1829 it was reorgan- ized, and Hon. William Jessup was chosen superintendent, which office he held with great usefulness and success until 1849, or for twenty years — with the exception of about two years, when Hon. Benjamin S. Bentley was superin- tendent. In 1830, by an equitable arrangement, the Baptist portion of the school withdrew, to or- ganize a Sabbath-school of their own. In 1849 Hon. William H. Jessup, son of the former superintendent, succeeded his father, and contin- ued its superintendent until April, 1886, when other duties compelled him to resign. This prolonged superintendence was marked by sig- nal success in the maintained interest of the school and the conversion of many scholars. Judge Jessup retired from the office greatly be- loved, after thirty-six years of faithful service, but retains his interest and his place in the school. The pastor was chosen to succeed him, with Professor A. H. Berlin and S. M. Foster as assistants. After one year Professor Berlin was made superintendent and Mr. Foster assist- ant. The church has sent out eleven ministers, five of whom became foreign missionaries. These were : — Rev. William Arms, son of Phineas Arms, one of the original members and one of the first elders of the church. He was received into the church March 16, 1816. For a period he was engaged in missionary work in Patagonia. Then he was in the same work in Borneo, until failing health compelled him to relinquish it. Rev. Oliver Butterfield was son of Joshua Butterfield, one of the first trustees of the church. He united with it in 1821. He served for a period the Congregational Church of South Britain, Conn., and died at Xew Haven in 1848. Rev. Lorenzo Lyons, brother of Elder Jerre Lyons, united with the church April 6, 1823. Graduating at Union College and Auburn The- ological Seminary, he gave himself to the for- eign mission work, and sailed for the Sandwich Islands in 1832. Here, with great delight and devotion, he continued his work, never stopping to again visit his native land and home, and died at the islands October 6, 1886, at eighty years of age. Rev. James W. Raynor was received into the church May 24, 1840. Graduating at Amherst College, he studied theology in part at Union Theological Seminary, and in part under private instruction. Licensed by Montrose Presbytery, most of his labors have been within its limits. He has faithfully served the churches at Upson- ville, Springville, Le Raysville, Mt. Pleasant and Uniondale, and has recently closed a second term of over six years' service in the Franklin Church, at Upsonville.. He now resides at Montrose, in quite feeble health. Rev. J. Lorenzo Lyons, son of Elder Jerre Lyons, was received into the church August 16, 1840. Graduating at Williams College and Union Theological Seminary, he entered the foreign field. After some years of service at Sidon, in Syria, failing health compelled him to relinquish his work there and return to his native country. Here he was for many years agent for the American Bible Society, residing in Jacksonville, Fla. He is now pastor in charge of the Presbyterian Church at Waldo, Fla. Rev. Henry H. Jessup, son of Elder William Jessup, united with the church October 1, 1843. Graduating at Yale College and Union Theo- logical Seminary, he sailed for Syria in 1856. His first work was at Sidon ; afterward he was stationed at Tripoli, whence he went to Beirut, where he has resided many years in labors more abundant. In 1879, while on a brief visit to his native land, being chosen to represent his Pres- bytery in the General Assembly, he was elected MONTKOSE. 313 its moderator. Being absent from the country the following year, and so unable to preach the opening sermon of the next Assembly, as is customary for the retiring moderator, he was providentially called to this service in 1884, while on a brief sojourn in this country, after nearly thirty years of service in Syria. The moderator of the preceding Assembly had died, and he, as the last moderator present, was called to this high service. Returning to Syria in 1885, he still resides at Beirut, where he has charge of the large native church, and is also instructor in the Theological Seminary at Abeih. Rev. Samuel Jessup, another son of Elder ¥m, Jessup, was received into the church Oc- tober 5, 1849. Graduating from Yale College and Union Theological Seminary, he served as chaplain in the army during the early part of the war. In 1862 he sailed for Syria and was engaged in missionary work at Tripoli until 1885, when he was called to Beirut, where he still resides. He has charge of the extensive work of the mission press there, and also edits an Arabic newspaper. Rev. Bentley S. Foster united with the church May 5, 1850. Graduating from Wil- liams College and Union Theological Seminary, he has been a faithful pastor at Dunmore, in this State, at Nunda, in New York, and of churches in New Jersey and in Michigan. He is now pastor of the Presbyterian Church at South Amboy, N. J. Rev. Elisha Mulford united with the church April 4, 1852. Graduating at Yale College and Andover Theological Seminary, he spent two years in travel and study in Germany. He then entered the Episcopal ministry and was rector for a term of years at Orange, N. J. He is widely known as the author of " The Na- tion " and "The Republic of God." While filling the chair of lecturer in theology in the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge, Mass., he died December 9, 1885, aged fifty- two years. (See more full notice elsewhere.) Rev. Isaac Riley, son of Rev. Henry A. Riley, former pastor of this church, united with the church April 4, 1852. Graduating from Yale College and Union Theological Seminary, he 20* was successively called to be pastor at Middle- town, Del., Pottsville, Pa., Newark, N. J., and Thirty-fourth Street Reformed Church, New York, from which latter place he was called to the Westminster Presbyterian Church of Buffalo, N. Y. Here, after a short but very successful pastorate, he died October 23, 1878, aged forty-three years. Rev. Henry J. Crane united with the church April 28, 1856. Graduating from the Univer- sity of New York and Union Theological Seminary, he has been settled successively at Wysox, Hunter, N. Y., Gibson and Ararat, and is now in his tenth year at Nicholson, a pastor beloved. William Jessup, son of Rev. Dr. H. H. Jessup, was received into the church January 3, 1879. Graduating at Princeton College in 1886, he is now pursuing his theological studies at Princeton Seminary preparatory to entering the gospel ministry. Two other young men, members of this church, are now pursuing their studies, one in college, and the other preparing for college, with a view of entering upon the same work. The following persons have served as ruling elders in the church since the adoption of the Presbyterian form of government. To their wisdom and discretion, as well as piety, is due much of its stability and prosperity, viz. : 1823, Phinehas Arms, Reuben Wells, Moses Tyler, Zebulon Deans, Joshua W. Raynsford, Benjamin Sayre, Isaac P. Foster; 1829, William Jessup, Jerre Lyons; 1835, James Deans Hugh McCollum; 1840, Josiah Blackman, Benjamin S. Bentley ; 1847, Perrin Wells, Silas Perkins; 1850, John Trumbull; 1866, La Fayette Fitch, George V. Bentley, William H. Jessup ; 1872, Calvin C. Halsey, William W. Smith, Milton Roy, Edwin Lathrop; 1878, A. Jackson Brewster, Theodore A. Lyons, Daniel Sayre ; 1886, Henry Warner. 1 Methodist Episcopal Chuech of Mont- rose. — We are unable to give the date when the "Methodist Itinerant" first visited Montrose, though it is certain this somewhat ubiquitous personage made his presence known sometime 1 By Kev. H. C. McDormott. 314 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. before any church organization of this denomi- nation was formed. The old Bridgewater Cir- cuit was organized in 1813, but a number of years elapsed before there was any stated preaching in this village, and it was not until 1841 that a society was formed; the fact is, the ground hereabouts in that early day was pre- occupied and not favorable to the growth of Methodism. At the session of the Oneida Annual Confer- ence, in the year named, a new circuit was formed of part of Brooklyn and Bridgewater, and denominated Montrose — the village of that name being the most important place within its bounds. The appointments in the new circuit were known as follows : Montrose, Miller Hill, Franklin, J. Hancock's, B. Shay's, M. , Hall's, M. McKeeby's, Liberty, Conklin, Great Bend and New Milford. In the territory embraced in the above are now six thriving charges. The Rev. E. B. Tenny was appointed preacher in charge, and the Rev. George C. Thompson assistant. The Rev. Mr. Tenny lost no time, it appears, in perfecting a church organization. Two small classes of the old Bridgewater Circuit, the one meeting at South Montrose and the one meeting in a school-house about one and one-half miles northeast of the village that stood near the spot where Mott's factory now stands, were united, and in due time chartered as the Methodist Episcopal Church of the borough qf Montrose. The most prominent members of the new society were Timothy D. Shay and wife, Simeon Lewis and wife, Joseph R. Lewis and wife, George W. Crocker and wife, Jacob Tewksbury and wife, George Lewis and Ariel Vaughn. The male members mentioned, except George Lewis, constituted the first board of trustees. Brother J. R. Lewis has been contin- uously a member of the board and is now its president. He, with Brother Jacob Tewks- bury and Sister Simeon Lewis, are the only surviving members of the original class. The place of worship was the old court- house, where they had preaching and class- meeting once in two weeks. The prayer -meet- ings were held in private houses. The Methodists held their services in the court-house at 10.30 a.m. and the Universalists at 1 p.m., and frequently the latter would come in and ring the bell for their worship before the former were through with class. The society continued to worship in the court-house until 1845, when the first house of worship was constructed. The initial step to this enterprise was taken April 20, 1 844, when, at a regular meeting of the Quarterly Conference, Simeon Lewis, George W. Crocker and Jacob Tewks- bury were appointed a building committee for the contemplated chapel at Montrose. The building was a frame, thirty-eight by fifty feet, with galleries on sides and end, and stood on a portion of the ground occupied by the present edifice, the land being donated by the Hon. William Jessup. The cost of con- struction was one thousand eight hundred dol- lars. The church was dedicated to the worship of Almighty God by the Rev.'John M. Snyder, presiding elder of the district, on Thanksgiv- ing day, 1845. The Rev. William Round was pastor at the time the enterprise was completed, though it was begun under the administration of his predecessor, the Rev. J. R. Boswell. The growth of the society was very slow. After the dedication of the new church divine service was held every Sabbath instead of once in two weeks, as previously. This regime continued for about twenty years. A small band of noble and brave hearts contended earnestly for the cause against opposition and discourage- ments, slowly but surely gaining ground. The Rev. Luther Peck, who was appointed to Mont- rose in April, 1865, began holding services twice on the Sabbath. At the ensuing session of Wyoming Confer- ence the circuit was divided and Montrose erected into a station, outside classes were detached, and the work in the village started on .an independent basis. The membership at the close of that year was reported at ninety-two. There was but little change in relative strength of the membership until the autumn of 1872, when, under the labors of the pastor, Rev. A. D. Alexander, a marvelous revival of religion occurred, " stirring the entire community as with a mighty earthquake." Hundreds were converted to God, many of them the most sub- stantial citizens of the vicinity. The results to MONTROSE. 315 the general cause of Christ were most precious. Other churches shared largely in the ingather- ing, but the Methodist Church found itself sud- denly lifted into strength in numbers and influence. The membership at the commence- ment of the Conference year of 1872 was ninety-four ; at the close of that year it was three hundred and twenty-nine. One prominent result of that awakening was the inauguration of a new church enterprise. The congregation had overgrown the church accommodations, and it became imperative either to enlarge or build anew. After prolonged consultation the latter was decided upon. The removal of Brother Alexander at the end of his second year caused some dissatisfaction and considerable alienation to the new church enter- prise. But the new pastor, the Eev. W. J. Judd, aided by a noble few, pressed forward with commendable zeal. A subscription list of nine thousand dollars was secured. In August the old church was removed from where it had stood for nearly thirty years, and the corner-stone of the new edifice was laid. Thenew building was seventy-seven by forty-five feet, with transept thirty-two by thirty-six feet. E. L. Weeks, J. D. Goodwin and S. F. Lane were selected as building committee. E. L. Weeks was given the general superintendency, and day help was employed. The work proceeded without especial incident until the severe winter com- pelled a suspension. In the spring of 1874 another change of pastors occurred, and the Rev. W. L. Thorpe was assigned to this field. In the meantime what proved to be the severest financial depression the country has known came on. One result was to render worthless about two thousand of the above-named sub- scription. In August the building committee concluded a contract with W. J. Gordon to complete the work (except slating) for and in consideration of the sum of four thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars and the material on hand. In November a severe wind-storm blew down the nearly-finished spire, entailing an additional expense of about one thousand dollars. The contract price being too low, it became necessary for the committee to expend two thousand dollars more to secure the comple- tion of the building. The ladies of the church and congregation provided for the furnishing. Bishop E. G. Andrews dedicated thenew house of worship May 16, 1875. Rev. B. I. Ives managed the finances. The cost of construction was about seventeen thousand dollars, and though enough was subscribed to cover this amount, yet such were the circumstances and the severity of the financial depression that, after all available subscriptions were secured, the society found itself about six thousand dol- lars in debt. During the second year of Brother Thorpe's pastorate another precious revival of religion occurred, resulting in seventy-five addi- tions to the church. For several years succeed- ing, the society passed through great trials. It was tried in a furnace of affliction. There was much dissatisfaction among the members — a number withdrew, the love of others waxed cold, and the interest decreased rather than increased. During the pastorate of the Rev. H. H. Dresser a determined effort was made to liquidate the indebtedness, and about three thousand five hundred dollars was secured and paid. The remainder of the bonded indebted- ness against the church was paid about one year ago, largely through the efforts of the present pastor and the liberality of Mr. Clem- uel R. Woodin. In 1878 the tall and beautiful spire was found to be unsafe and had to be taken down. In the autumn of 1886 a neat and graceful spire was built, and the church edifice repainted. The present parsonage was purchased in 1856. The society is now peaceful and prosperous. During the present winter a very precious revival of religion has occurred, resulting in over one hundred accessions. The present membership is two hundred and eighty-seven, the Sunday-school is large and increasing, and the prospect before this society was never brighter. Many persons might be worthily named, and much interesting matter of a personal nature might be presented, but space forbids. The following is a consecutive list of the presiding elders, pastors and assistant pastors who have served this charge, with the dates of their appointment and periods of service : 31(i HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Presiding Elders : Revs. D. Holmes, Jr., 1841, two years ; John M. Snyder, 1843, four years ; D. A. Shepard, 1847, three years ; Fitch Eeed, 1850, two years; F. Paddock, 1852, three years ; G. Landon, 1854, four years ; G. H. Blakeslee, 1859, four years ; H. Browns- combe, 1863, four years; D. C. Olmstead, 1867, four years; Luther Peck, 1871, four years; I. T. Walker, 1875, three years; William Bix- by, 1878, two years; J. G. Eckman, 1880, four years; and the present incumbent, the Rev. Wil- liam H. Olin, D.D., who was appointed in 1884. Pastors : Revs. E. B.Tenny, 1841, two years ; J. R. Boswell, 1 843, two years ; William Round, 1845, two years; Asa Brooks, 1847, one year ; G. P. Porter, 1848, one year ; E. B. Tenny, 1849, one year ; John Mulkey, 1850, two years; P. Bartlett, 1852, two years; Joseph Whitt- ham, 1854, one year; S. S. Barter, 1855, two years; B. B. Emory, 1857, two years; J. K. Peck, 1859, two years; R. Van Valkenburg, 1861, two years ; A. H. Schoonmaker, 1863, two years ; Luther Peck, 1865, three years ; J. L. Legg, 1868, one year ; King Elwell, 1869, two years ; A. D. Alexander, 1871, two years; W.J. Judd, 1873, one year ; W.L.Thorpe, 1874, three years; L. Cole, 1877, one year; W. B. Westlake, 1878, one year ; H. H. Dresser, 1879, three years; T. Harroun, 1882, three years; and the present incumbent, H. C. Mc- Dermott, appointed in 1885. Assistant Pastors; George C. Thompson, 1841, two years ; N. S. Dewitt, 1843, one year; R. S. Rose, 1846, one year; D. Torry, 1847, two years; G. W. Leach, 1849, one year; W. B. Thomas, 1853, one year ; D. Thompson, 1854, one year ; John Mulkey, 1860, one year ; William Shelp, 1865, one year. All of these have done heroic work for the church ; a num- ber subsequently became presiding elders in this or other districts, and several have achieved some distinction in the line of authorship. No full history of the Sunday-school could be pre- pared, so we have not attempted any. The school is in a very flourishing condition. C. S. Page, Esq., is superintendent. St. Paul's Chukch. 1 — The first record of 1 Written by Bev. Edward A. Warriuer. any Episcopal service in Montrose is found in the local papers under date of March 30, 1828. This, as were most of the occasional services subsequent thereto, was held in the old court- house, even after a charter was obtained, bear- ing date December 20, 1830. ST. PAUL'S EPISCOPAL CHUKCH. The first Episcopal visitation was made by Bishop Ouderdonk, October 5, 1829, when J. W. Raynsford, Esq., wife and daughter, and John Street and wife, were confirmed. These five persons constituted the beginning of St. Paul's Church in Montrose. It is probable that Mr. Raynsford was instrumental in procuring the first services, it being the tradition of the parish that he, accidentally becoming possessed of a copy of the Book of Common Prayer, was led by the study of its contents to the adoption of the emblem of the church, "Evangelical Truth and Apostolic Order." He was a man of great integrity and distinguished for remark- able practical gifts, being active in all the reli- gious, educational, business and social interests of the community. MONTROSE. 317 The corner-stone of the first church edifice "was laid by Bishop Onderdonk, June 2, 1832, and the building consecrated October 27th in the following year. This building was subsequently sold to the Roman Catholics, and is now owned and occupied by them. In the summer of 1856 the corner-stone of the present substantial struc- ture was laid, and the building consecrated by Bishop Potter, July 17, 1857. The first rectory, the house now occupied by Dr. W. W. Smith, was built on land donated by J. W. Raynsford, in 1850. In 1874 the present fine rectory was built on a spacious lot given by Mrs. Henry Drinker, on South Main Street ; and three years later, the present Sunday-school building and chapel on land adjoining the church, the plan of which, by a New York architect, was given to the parish by Mrs. Theodore Gilman, of the same city. It will thus be seen that the devel- opment of the parish has been very slow, cover- ing a space of more than fifty-nine years ; yet at no one time, notwithstanding frequent dis- couragements, has the parish substantially de- clined in the number of its supporters and communicants. After the first confirmation, there is no record of any other until July 28, 1839, when three persons were confirmed, making the whole number in ten years but eight. The third confirmation was eight years later, July 18, 1847, when six persons were confirmed by Bishop Potter. During the whole period of Bishops Onderdonk's, Potter's and Bowman's administrations, covering the rector- ships of Revs. Marks, Peck, Pleasants, Hopkins, Long, Byllesby and Peet, a period of thirty years, there were only forty-six persons con- firmed. During Mr. Halsey's rectorship of eight years there were twenty-eight additions to the communion-list; Mr. Kirkland's of two years, thirteen ; Mr. Warriner's of eighteen years, one hundred and forty-nine. There were also confirmed eleven persons in the summer of 1867 — making the whole number two hundred and twenty-seven. In addition to this number, many have become communicants by transfer of membership from other churches. The first rector was the Rev. Samuel Marks, who was appointed resident missionary in Mon- trose in the spring of 1831, officiating also in New Milford and Springville. He was dis- tinguished for his zeal and personal popularity. Died recently at Huron, Ohio, at an advanced age, and while still engaged in missionary work. Of the subsequent rectors, Revs. Peck and Pleasant, we have no information. Rev. George P. Hopkins is rector of St. Matthew's Church, Pike, Pa. ; Rev. John Long, who built the first rectory, working on it with his own hands, is still engaged in missionary work in the vicinity of Reading, Pa. ; Rev. D. C. Byllesby is rector at Media, Pa. ; Rev. R. B. Peet, at Newport, R. I. Rev. William F. Halsey, under whose thorough and conservative rectorship the church was greatly strengthened and became self-sup- porting, died a few since at Radnor, Pa., where he had been for many years rector of St. David's. Rev. George H. Kirkland is rector at New Berlin, N. Y. The first vestry were : Wardens, J. W. Rayns- ford and J. C. Biddle; Vestrymen, Judge Ben- jamin Lathrop, John Melhuish, S. F. Keeler, Henry Drinker, C. L. Ward and Admiral Rup- ley. The present vestry are : Wardens, A. Lathrop and C. N. Stoddard; Vestrymen, Thomas Warner, A. B. Burns, E. P. Munger, John R. Raynsford, James Melhuish and Wil- liam M. Post. Among the names of deceased members of the vestry not previously mentioned, and others who have been prominent supporters and com- municants, are : F. M. Williams, Henry J. Webb, William H. Cooper, Charles D. Lathrop, Furman Stone, Hon. F. B. Streeter, Rev. Elisha Mulford, LL.D., Joseph D. Drinker, Benjamin C. Park, LL.D., Philander Lines, O. D. Beaman, Thomas Johnson, General D. D. Warner, Charles L. Brown, Hon. E. B. Hawley and Captain Jerome Lyons. Of devoted women who have passed from earth, we find the following names : Ruth S. Lathrop, Elinor Drinker, Mrs. Henry Drinker, Mrs. F. M. Williams, Mrs. D. D. Warner, Sally D. Biddle, Mary E. Tarbell, Elizabeth Biddle (Mrs. Halsey), Eugenia A. Lacy, Mary W. Groesbeck, Mrs. Simon Sayre, Eliza Duffy, Lydia Welsh, Mrs. Judge Lathrop and Mrs. Truman Stone. The Sunday-school numbers twelve teach- 318 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ers and about one hundred scholars. Thomas Warner is superintendent, Charles N. Stoddard treasurer, and William Stoddard librarian. In this connection should be mentioned the name of Mrs. Mary Webb, who is the oldest living communicant of the church, having been a member over forty years. In all these years she has been constantly engaged in church and Sunday-school work, and although advanced in years, she still teaches a large class of young ladies and gentlemen. From this record, brief as it necessarily is, should not be omitted the following names of those who, though not members of the parish, have, with true missionary zeal, interested them- selves in its development, and have contributed to its necessities and support in the years gone by : Mr. Tobias Wagner and wife, Misses Mary and Hannah Drinker, Mrs. John B. Wallace, Mr. Harry D. Biddle and Mrs. Pem- berton Pleasanfs, of Philadelphia ; and Mr. and Mrs. Paxson, Miss Fanny Paxson and Mrs. Gilman, of New York. The Universalists have a church at Mon- trose. The prime movers in its erection were Samuel Gregory and Daniel Searle. Sheriff Wil- liams, theStevenses and some others contributed. Revs. Peck, Marsh, Rogers and A. O. Warren have been preachers for them. During the skating craze it was converted into a skating- rink. Rev. Mr. Hand has been preaching here recently. It is now a missionary station. The society was organized in 1831, and the church was dedicated July 11, 1844. The Roman Catholics first celebrated Mass at the house of Peter Byrne about 1840. They then purchased the old church edifice of the Episcopalians, when they built their new church in 1857. The Catholic Society are now completing a new church on South Main Street. The church is located here because it is in a central point. The congregation is mostly drawn from the surrounding country. Lodges. — The history of Masonry in Mont- rose begins with the first settlement of the village. Three charters have been granted to hold Masonic lodges in Montrose : the first, under title Rising Sun Lodge, No. 149, was chartered in December, 1816, with the follow- ing officers : Jonah Brewster, W. M. ; Perez Perkins, S. W. ; Wm. C. Turrell, J. W. ; J. Cook, S. D. ; Luman Ferry, Jun. D. ; Isaac Post, Treas. ; J. W. Hill, Sec'y ; and J. Munger, Tyler. Hon. Almon H. Read, Stephen Wil- son, Wm. Turrell and David Post became Masons and members of this lodge in 1817, and later also D. G. Wilson, Solomon Dimock, Stephen Bentley, B. T. Case, Cyrus Avery, Mason Denison. In the year 1818 Almon H. Read was Worshipful Master. Under minutes of meeting, February 18, 1819, a motion is recorded recommending G. Clagget and Dr. M. Denison to the Royal Arch Chapter, but no reference is made as to where this chapter was located. On December 27, 1819, St. John's day, the lodge formed a procession and marched to the court-house where an appro- priate address was delivered on the festival of St. John by the Rev. Mr. Chase. The lodge then formed and returned to the lodge-room "and partook of an elegant repast." At a meeting held on the 2d day of May, 1825, Sam- uel Bissel presented a petition for initiation and membership from James W. Chapman, and on the 30th day of May, 1825, Mr. Chapman was entered an apprentice. At this time meet- ings of the lodge were held in the old court- house. Judge Chapman was made a Mason a few days after becoming of age. He is prob- ably the only remaining member of the old Rising Sun Lodge, and, notwithstanding his eighty-three years of life, and fifty-two of Masonic service, is hale and hearty, and has furnished many points in connection with this article. The annals of the lodge-room closed by the Grand Lodge suspending charter Sep- tember 5,1825. During its existence it made many Masons, and was a strong organization. About two years after the suspension of Ris- ing Sun Lodge, a number of its old members petitioned for a charter for a new lodge, to be located in Montrose. The petition was granted, and in accordance therewith, a meeting of the following Masons was held at the house of Daniel Curtis on Nov. 13, 1827 : Jonah Brewster, Isaac Post, James W. Hill, Samuel Gregory, Daniel Curtis and Hiram Finch were present. They met again November, 17, 1827, MONTEOSE 319 at the old court-house, where the new officers were installed by Hon. Almon H. Read as follows : Jonah Brewster, W. M. ; James W. Hill, S. W. ; Daniel Lathrop, J. W. ; Isaac Post, Treas., and Hiram Finch, Sec'y. This lodge did not thrive, and ceased its work- ings probably in 1829. Daniel Lathrop was its last W. M. The present Warren Lodge, No. 240, was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania about twenty years after the suspension of Montrose Lodge, No. 213, under date June 4, 1849, with the following officers : R. C. Simp- son, W. M. ; Dr. E. S. Park, S. W.; and J. W. Chapman, J. W. (Bro. R. C. Simpson, after- wards D. D. G. M.) Among the first members of this lodge were B. Richardson, F. Avery, C. M. Simmons, Walter Dimock, S. W. Hamilton, J. E. Howe and R. S. Searle. A. Woodcock, W. M., in 1852-53; G. L.Stone, W. M., 1854; Dr. B. Richardson, W. M., 1855; Dr. E. S. Park, W. M., 1856 ; Wm. H. Boyd ; F. Frazier, W. M., 1857 ; Wm. M. Post, W. M., 1858 ; G. L. Stone, W. M., 1859; W. M. Post, W. M., 1860 ; Amos Nichols, W. M., 1861 ; and later on Hon. J. B. McCollum, A. O. Warren, Apollos Stone, D. W. Searle, W. E. Babcock, J. F. Shoemaker, W. H. Boyd, O. M. Hall, O. P. Beebe, J. R. Raynsford and J. F. Zer- fass. District Attorney F. I. Lott is the present W. M. Montrose Lodge, No. 151, I. 0. of 0. F., was organized in March, 1846. The charter mem- bers were Thos. P. St. John, Ezra Patrick, Jr., Wm. J. Mulford, Samuel B. Mulford, Robert J. Niven. T. P. St. John was the first Noble Grand and Ezra Patrick was Vice-Grand. Dr. C. C. Halsey and Daniel Brewster were among the first initiated. Moses C. Tyler, Gen. Warner, E. C. Fordhani and many others from different parts of the county soon joined the order. It increased in numbers and became the parent order of that fraternity in the county. Lodge meets every Tuesday evening. St. John's Encampment, No. 50, was organized in 1847. Charter members — T. P. St. John, Ezra Patrick, R. C. Niven, Jas. N. Eldridge and Wm. F. Bradley. Sheriff Johnson, M. C. Tyler and R. C. Niven were prominent in the early days of the order. A Rebekah Lodge, Mary, No. 7, was organ- ized at Montrose in 1869. The Montrose Cemetery is located on a ridge of ground in the south part of Montrose belonging to the David Post estate. Bartlet Hinds, Jr., was buried there soon after the first settlement was made. The ground was used by the Post and other families and has been en- larged from time to time, as the needs of the village have required. There has never been any charter or regular cemetery association. Years ago money was raised by subscription and a number of acres were purchased and it was made a public cemetery. They surveyed this land into lots and apportioned a certain number to strangers and assigned lots to the subscribers. Wm. M. Post has recently en- larged the ground by inclosing more land for burial purposes. The cemetery is handsomely located on rising ground, from which beautiful sunset views are to be seen. There are a num- ber of beautiful monuments, the most expensive of which are Wm. J. Turrell's, Judge Streeter's and Isaac J. Post's. Colored People in Montrose. — Montrose was the centre of a strong Abolition sentiment, and one of the hiding-places on the so-called Underground Railroad. Isaac Post and his son, Rev. Albert Post, David Post, Samuel Warner, William Warner, William Foster, Deacon Meacham, Isaac Peckins and others assisted them. There was no one, Democrat or Repub- lican, who would betray them. Judge Post was the most prominent of the early Abolitionists, and most of them located in Pleasant Valley, as they called it, on David Post's lands. He was very lenient with them, and his son, William M. Post, never turns them away, whether they pay for their lots or not. Charles Hammond was one of the first that came here. He and his wife worked for Isaac Post a great many years. They were steady and industrious. Mrs. Ham- mond keeps a restaurant on Wall Street, New York, now. They escaped with five others, riding their masters' horses the first night. They abandoned the horses and turned them home- ward towards morning. Making their way 320 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. nights, they finally reached Montrose. They usually came by way of Wilkes Barre, under directions from Mr. Gildersleeve, who was per- secuted and rode on a rail in Wilkes-Barre be- cause of his Abolition views. Oct. 21, 1840, Isaac Post makes mention in his diary that five males, four females and two young children came to his house, as there was no place for them at the tavern. He gave up his office to them and succeeded in accommodating them. In 1842 eight colored men came directly from the South. Some of their adventures while escaping were quite thrilling. Deacon William Smith gives the following account of his escape. We give it nearly in his own words : " I belonged to a widow woman in Maryland. She had several young sons. One day I got wet, and was drying myself by the stove. One of the sons said, 'What are you doing here? You stand here happy as a lord.' This first led me to think if there was a just God, as I had heard the preachers say, why should I have no privileges. I then determined to escape. There were seven of us planned to escape on the night of the 10th of April. I bad been up late Friday night and thought I would play sick in order to rest Saturday before starting. So in the morning when the rest took breakfast I did not eat anything. One of the young men looked at me and did not be- lieve that I was sick, so he sent me to his mother, who was a good doctor. I beat my stomach and rubbed my eyes in order to look sick. She looked at my tongue and felt of my pulse and looked at me as though she didn't credit my story. She says, ' I will send you some breakfast and you may come and plant some seed in the garden.' I could hardly help bursting out laughing, but I said I was sick ; and she sent me up some medicine, which I threw into the fire. My sister saw my bundle of clothes and sus- pected that I was going to run away. I did not dare tell her for fear she would cry and they would find me out, so I said I was invited to a ball up to the manor. That night, as I was about to leave, my sister came out and looked at me. As my eyes met hers they filled with tears. I never knew that I loved my relatives. This was the first time that I ever knew that I loved my sister. The first point we reached was Chambersburg. As we were traveling along in the vicinity of Gettysburg we met a man who said, ' Good-evening.' We returned the salutation. Our speech betrayed us. He said, ' You are escaping from slavery.' We said, ' No, we are freemen and just returning from boating,' but he knew that we were slaves. He then claimed to be our friend, and said that it would not be safe to stay in the hotel ; we might sleep in his barn. We took turns and kept one man on guard all night. About two o'clock two big men came in and looked around, and locked the door as they went out. Our watchman awakened us and we heard many persons whispering around the barn. We got what arms we had ready, for we had resolved on liberty or death,. Billy Brooks, a big, stout man who afterward lived with the Sayres brothers a great many years, said, ' Follow me.' He gave a run and butted against that door with his head, knocking some of the boards as much as ten feet. We all fol- lowed him and were pursued. It had rained that night and the streams were swollen, which was prov- idential for us. I was supple then ; taking a pole, I leaped across the creek and helped the others over. We were on the outskirts of Gettysburg. It was morning and there was no woods. We crept into a cave 1 in the rocks. The bloodhounds did not get our track. We saw our mistress' sons ride past. About noon two of our men would go out. Providentially, they fell into the hands of some colored people near Gettysburg. The Abolitionists had heard of our es- cape. They sent out and found us and gave us some- thing to eat and directed us towards Lisbon Forge, while our owners went towards Harrisburg. We had a number of adventures as we traveled nights. We came near being drowned twice, — once in crossing a creek on poles and in crossing the Susquehanna. A little man they called ' John the Baptist' was hired by the Abolitionists to row us over. The Susque- hanna was high and the logs and floating timbers were coming down the river with great speed. We had a narrow boat and when we got out in the swift current we found that our boatman was drunk. Billy Brooks, who had followed the river, laid him down in the bottom of the boat and took the oars. John Stout nearly upset us in plunging for his hat. Finally we reached Wilkes-Barre and Gildersleeve sent us to Montrose. When we got here Benjamin R. Lyon di- rected us to Judge Post. He assured us of our safety and encouraged us. There was a little house where the jail stands, which was the only house used for colored people then. William L. Post hired me and I worked for him nine years. The Posts were all good to us. That woman that sits there was a little girl then (referring to his wife). She showed me into Mr. Post's house. I came here in 1842 and have been a local preacher in Zion Church about thirty- four years." Zion Church was organized in the little house that stood where the jail stands about 1844, by Rev. John Tappin. The first leader was Peter Lee, assisted by John Carter, and John Booey was local preacher. There were about twelve members at the time of organization. Rev. 1 Persons familiar with Gettysburg battle-field will remember the Devil's Den, a cave under Little Kound Top, which was probably where these poor fugitives hid from their relentless pursuers. BRIDGEWATER. 321 Win. Smith, Jane Gilmore and John Stout are the only ones now living here that belonged to the first class. Thos. Cook, Alfred Youngs, Benj. Howard and Alfred Wells belonged to that first class. There are about thirty members now. The first little church was built about 1847 ; the present church about 1859. The Bethel Church was first organized about three miles beyond Montrose. They built a church here afterwards. The Posts did not neglect the education of these fugitives. Two of Isaac Post's daughters taught a number of them to read, and Miss Jane Post gave music lessons to two of the girls. One of the most noted characters among them was John Booey; he had thick lips and was very dull and stupid; he thought he had a call to preach, and was anxious to learn to read ; most of them could learn and Miss Post tried to teach him, but it was a hopeless task. One day, after she had been away from the place some time, he came with his Testament to show Miss Post how he could read ; he made his own selection and pointed with his finger as he began to repeat Scripture. Miss Post observed that the finger did not point at the same words he was repeat- ing. He had learned to repeat a passage of Scripture and was trying to make her believe that he was reading. He tried to preach occa- sionally; once he forgot his text. He said, "I have dun forgot my text, but den let not your hearts be troublesome." He closed sometimes in grandiloquent style, like the following: "Mine eyes am closed in silence, and jaw cleaved to de roof of de mouf, and hope to 'sess dat pardon bought by de blood ob de Lord, who lay in de heart ob de earth forty days and forty nights." Sometimes he blundered out some truth. Once he prayed that " de Lord would bress those who had so often dissembled at dat place." Lewis Williams, a colored barber; Ed. Williams' widow, and a few others, have accu- mulated some property. In 1840 there were ninety-seven colored people in the county, There are about one hundred colored people at Montrose now. Many of them have removed, and the old slaves are nearly all dead. CHAPTER XXI. BRIDGEWATER TOWNSHIP 21 "At January sessions, 1805, the court of Luzerne County was petitioned by Thomas Parke and others to erect a township from parts of Tunkhannock, Braintrim, Nicholson and Rush, to be called Bridgewater. Its dimensions were described thus : ' Beginning at a point one mile above where Mar- tin's Creek empties into the Tunkhannock, thence northerly to the forks of Martin's Creek, easterly from Bloomfield Melbourne's, thence north to intersect the' south line of Lawsville, thence on that line to the southwest corner of Lawsville, thence northerly to the State line, thence west to the thirty-second mile-stone, thence south till it shall intersect a line to be drawn due west from place of beginning.' " On hearing the petition, Judge Rush directed the commissioners to return a plot, which they did, November, 1806, and the court then con- firmed it. The original dimensions of Bridge- water included a small portion of what is now Wyoming County. Springville, Dimock, La- throp, Brooklyn, Silver Lake and portions of Forest Lake, Jessup and Franklin have been taken from it. It is more nearly the central township of the county than any other. Mon- trose, the county-seat, is about four miles west of a central north and south line, and one mile north of an east and west line. The site of the court-house was located in 1811. The township is a water-shed for three streams, the sources of which are in the vicinity of Montrose, and which in three different directions at length reach the Susquehanna River, viz., Snake Creek running north, the Meshoppen south, and the Wyalusing west and south. The Snake and Wyalusing Creeks, which rise within half a mile of each other, are probably one hundred miles apart at their mouths; but the Meshoppen, though run- ning for many miles at nearly a right angle with the latter, falls into the Susquehanna but a short distance below it. Hopbottom Creek is the outlet of Heart Lake on the east line of Bridge- water ; it runs southwardly into Martin's Creek, and eventually into the Tunkhannock. Jones' 1 Blackmail. 322 HISTOKY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Lake, within a mile of Montrose, is the principal source of Snake Creek; Williams' Pond, in the northern part of the township, is another, but inferior source of it. Cold Brook, near the line of Silver Lake, is a tributary of Silver Creek, which is itself a tributary of Snake Creek. A small pond near the south line of Bridgewater has an outlet emptying into theMeshoppen." The elevation of the borough above sea level is from sixteen hundred to seventeen hundred feet. The township varies in elevation from thirteen hundred to seventeen hundred feet. Stephen Wilson, Samuel Wilson, Samuel Coggs- well, Nehemiah Maine, Samuel Maine, David Doud, Gzern Cook, Elisha Lewis, Robert Day, Daniel and Eldad Brewster, Daniel Foster and John Reynolds were all here from 1799 to 1801. Stephen Wilson was the first permanent set- tler in what is now Bridgewater. He came from Vermont originally, and built a cabin just south of the present borough limits in the fall of 1798. In the spring of 1799 he found his way through the wilderness to his humble habi- tation, with his wife and two children, David and Mason S., and his brother-in-law, Samuel poggswell. His house was located on the path from the source of the Wyal using to the Nine Partners' settlement. The door of his cabin ever stood ajar to the pioneers, many of whom were entertained under his hospitable roof. His brother, Samuel Wilson, commenced on what was afterwards known as the Roberts farm. He sold this improvement and built another log cabin and finally left the county. Samuel Coggswell located a little west of Stephen Wil- son, on what was afterwards the Park farm, within the Connecticut township of Manor. Nehemiah Maine took up land under Connecti- cut title, just east of the Reuben Wells home- stead. The same year Ozem Cook located in Manor, on what was afterwards the Moses S. Tyler farm. Robert Day was a man of Christian integ- rity, a member of the Baptist Church. He aided David Harris in the erection of the first grist- mill down on the Wyalusing, and had a farm between that point and Montrose, where he spent most of his days. His first wife was a daughter of Jedediah Hewitt. H. H. Day, Esq., one of his children, afterwards resided in Susquehanna. Daniel Brewster occupied a farm since occupied by Thomas Johnson. He was in the War of 1812. He removed and died at Frenchtown Mountain, aged ninety-two. Joshua W. Raynsford came from Windham Co., Conn., in 1801, to the small clearing made by Amolo Balch, one and one-half miles south of Stephen Wilson. His squatter's right was valueless, and he repaired to Philadelphia afoot, in order to obtain a valid title. He brought his family in 1802. The little log house that stood down by the spring had oiled paper for window lights, like the rest of the cabins in the vicinity. Mr. Raynsford thought that he would be a little more aristocratic than his neighbors and purchased twelve panes of seven by nine glass, which he brought very carefully from Wilkes- Barre, only to have his plans broken by the steelyards which Mrs. Raynsford carelessly threw upon the glass as it lay upon the bed. Joseph Raynsford, his father, came shortly after and erected a frame story and a half house, wherein the first Congregational Church of Bridgewater was organized in 1810. Joshua W. Raynsford was a man of marked characteristics and became a leading man in the new settle- ment. He was the first school-teacher in 1803 and had forty-two pupils. He was a leading spirit in the establishment of the Susquehanna County Academy, and in the organization of the Congregational Church. Owing to some difficulty he left that church, and became the prime mover in the organization of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. He moved to Montrose in 1817 and had his residence and justice of the peace office opposite Jerre Lyons'. His first wife was Hannah, daughter of Walter Lathrop. Their children were Mary Ann, wife of D. D. Warner; Edward, a merchant in Owego, N. Y., where he married Charlotte Drake. John R. Raynsford, one of their sons, is postmaster of Montrose and station agent of the Narrow- Gauge Railway. Edward, another son, resides at Susquehanna. Hannah, of the original fam- ily, was wife of C. L. Ward, Esq. The other children were Salome, Frederick and Jones. Daniel Foster came to Bridgewater in 1800, BRIDGEWATEB. 323 along with Captain Hinds. He built the first saw-mill in Bridgewater, on a branch of the Wyalusing, where William Barron now lives. His son, Walter Foster, married Maria Bentley and lived at Montrose. Their son, Bentley S. Foster, is a Presbyterian minister at South Amboy, N. J. Stephen Bentley came to Bridgewater and lived on a farm until he died, in 1833-34. Maria was the oldest child ; Mar- shall was a farmer in Bridgewater many years, and finally came to Montrose, where he died ; Stephen moved to New York and became a land agent ; Benjamin S. became a judge at Williams- port ; Jane E. taught school, and was seven years superintendent of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Wilkes-Barre, (she now resides with Mrs. Riley at Montrose) ; George V. was a merchant and president of the National Bank at Mont- rose from 1881 to '85. His first wife was Catharine Sayre, and their son, Geo. F. Bentley, is a lawyer in New York. His second wife is a sister of Mrs. Thos. Dickson. John Reynolds came with Capt. Hinds in 1800, and lived on the opposite side of the Wy- alusing from Daniel Foster. His wife was a Halsey. He built the first fulling-mill in this vicinity on the Wyalusing soon after he came here. He was a Revolutionary soldier, member of the Baptist Church and a good moral man. He lived to be ninety-five years old. His son, Joseph Reynolds, married Effie Marsh, and followed the same business that his father started — carding, coloring, fulling and dressing cloth. They took produce or almost anything for pay. He died before his father did, in 1832, and left a widow and seven children. Of Joseph Reynolds' children, George M. learned the printer's trade of Geo. Fuller, and worked at his trade in Carbondale and Honesdale, where he published a newspaper and finally moved West ; Albert G. lived in Brooklyn, and had a feed and carding-mill at South Pond ; John is a farmer in New Milford; Henrietta is the wife of Nathaniel K. Sutton, a lumberman; Margaret's first husband was Wm. H. Norris, by whom she had two sons, who were in the army. Her second husband was Sheldon Meacham. Elias West, for many years toll-gate keeper, settled near the line of Dimock township, on the turnpike. David Harris came from Southamp- ton, L. I., and, as already intimated, built the first grist-mill on the Wyalusing about this time. Jonathan Wheaton settled about one- half mile east of B. Hinds, toward Jones' Pond, which was then called Wheaton's Pond. Abinoam Hinds and his brother-in-law, Isaac Peckins, came from Middleboro', Mass., in 1803. x Isaac Peckins' residence was within the present borough limits. He died in May, 1849, aged eighty-four. David D. Hinds. — His grandfather was Elder Ebenezer Hinds, and his great-grandfather was also a Baptist minister in New England. His father, Abinoam Hinds (1764-1849), was a native of Middleboro', Mass., and came to Montrose in 1802, two years after his brother, Captain Bartlet Hinds, who came in 1800, and whose sketch may be found in the early history of Montrose. When a boy, Abinoam Hinds left home and went to sea, where he remained for some seven years engaged on a whaling vessel. Returning, he married Susan Snow, who bore him the following children : Susan became the wife of Stephen Hinds, her cousin, and resided at Montrose, a son of whom, Leonard B., was a lawyer at Susquehanna, this county, for thirty- three years, and died in 1882, aged fifty-four years ; Mark died in Olean, Pa. ; Richard died in the South ; Lydia was the wife of Ackley 1 A newspaper writer, under the heading of A Drawn Battle, says : " Over thirty years ago, the venerable Isaac Peckins thus narrated to me an adventure which happened about two miles northwest of Montrose : 'One day I went out to cut an ox-yoke, in a little swale or swamp near the medder on your father's farm. The briers ou the wet ground had grown up drefful thick, and taller than my head. Wal, I was chopping when I heered a kind of growling and stirring among the bushes on ahead. I looked and see a little kind of sheep path that way. So I got down on my hands and knees — for I couldn't go straight — and crawled along under some ways. At last I came to a round spot about as large as this room. Theie wa'n't anything onto it, but the tall briers rose all around. Kight on t'other end there was another hole which led out. Just as I popped up my head and stood straight, there stood a great black bear within three feet of me. He stood still and looked right at me. I had left my axe behind, and I had nothing to defend myself. I remembered an old hunter't used to be around here, named Hale, who said there was no animal in this country that would touch a man if he looked at it straight in the eye. So I looked at him, and stepped towards him. He brussled up and snarled and stood still. I thought it was a ticklish place. I lifted up my voice and yelled and heowled as loud as I could. That seemed to set the creetur crazy. He heowled and tore the ground with his feet. I didn't know what would become of me. At last I took off my old hat, shook it and ran at him. All at once he dropped bis brussels, turned round, dropped his tail and run out the other hole. I followed him, and was near enough when he went out to kick him behind. I had a good will to, but thought 1 was satisfied to get off as well, and I went back by my hole. Terrible great creelur!' " 324 HISTOKY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Bronson and died at Jacksonville, Fla. ; Abi- noam settled in Dixon, 111., where he died at the age of sixty-nine ; he resided at Montrose until 1856; Preserved resides at Little Mead- ows, Pa. ; and Agnes, the wife of John Stout, died at Owego, N. Y. Abinoam Hinds and Isaac Peckins came here together, with their families and effects, in 1803, the former having decided to locate here on his visit the preceding year. They came with a and no communication with other parts of the country save by tedious journeys on horse-back, or by means of a rude vehicle on almost impas- sable roads and by circuitous routes following some Indian trail or a line of marked trees, Abinoam Hinds settled on the farm now the property of Mrs. Watrous, formerly Mrs. H. H. Frazier, just outside of the borough, which, with the aid of his sons, he largely cleared of its forest trees, and brought into a state of cul- . ,%f^: 1§T iPr 99.J& 0-*^-&t£) yoke ot oxen and one horse the entire journey, and it may be difficult, nearly a Century after this event, for the reader to leave his surround- ings of a beautiful village, with its fine residences, churches and schools, the country covered with a network of well-worked public roads, railroads and highly cultivated farms, and return to the same locality, then an almost unbroken wilderness, with only here and there, miles apart, a clearing or a log house, with none of the rapid modes of travel now so common, tivation. In the chamber of his log house Dr. Rose, an early physician, had his office for a time. Mr. Hinds had also another farm ; the property is now in the possession of Eben Cobb, most of which he also cleared. In connection with Colonel Frank Fordham, he carried on a distillery near and below where Foster's tan- nery was located. He went to Philadelphia with his team of horses and yoke of oxen and carted thence the mill-stones for Bela Jones, when that gentleman erected his grist-mill at BRIDGEWATER. 325 the foot of the lake which bears his name, and is said to have brought the first load of goods for Isaac Post from New York City, to be sold at Montrose. He was a man of great industry, frugality and integrity in all his relations with his fellow-men, and died at the residence of his son, David D., in Wysox, Pa., at the age of eighty-five years. After the death of his first wife he married Rachel Vail (1783-1876), a native of Cooperstown, N. Y., who came to Montrose and was residing with Elder Dimock, a Baptist clergyman, at the time of her mar- riage. By this union they had children, — John B., resides in Wysox, Pa., and was born in 1816; Ebenezer went to Iowa in 1860, where he died in 1885 ; Leonard B., resides in Frank- lin township ; Major David D. ; Conrad, acci- dentally killed in youth ; and Hannah, the wife of James Van Tuyl, of Towanda, Pa. David D. Hinds was born on the homestead in Bridgewater township January 28, 1822, and after he was nine years of age depended upon his own efforts for his sustenance. At that age he was bound out to Samuel Barclay, in Dim- ock township, but only served one year. He afterwards resided with Robert Day and also with Miles Turrell ; but when thirteen, through the solicitation of Mrs. Susannah Post, he went to live with Isaac Post, then a merchant and banker at Montrose. Young Hinds was a boy of quick perception in matters of business, earnest in his work and faithful and honest in all he. had to do, and at this time had never attended school. Mr. Post placed him under the instruction of the well-known teacher, Benjamin S. Bentley, where he first learned the alphabet and the rudiments of an education, and where he continued for some time. He remained with Mr. Post until 1846, serving, after reaching his majority, for eleven dollars per month, which he added to the eighty-four dollars given him by Mr. Post when he came of age. In all Mr. Post's general business matters David was his trusty boy, and whether in teaming goods from New York, taking care of his bank at night or collecting his accounts, he always found him faithful to his charge and an expert in his work. On August 14, 1845, he married Malvina, a daughter of Perry and Eliza (Morse) Jenks, who was born April 28, 1822, in Lawrence, Otsego County, N. Y. The demands of a family led him to sever his business relations with Mr. Post, two years after his marriage, and start business on his own account, and accordingly, in 1847, he purchased a farm in Wysox, Bradford County, which, after farming and lumbering for four years, he sold and returned to Montrose, where hecarried on the livery business for over eight years. In 1859 he purchased the Benjamin Sayre farm, near Montrose, which he carried on for some eight years, sold it, and, in 1866, bought his present farm of two hundred acres, in North Bridgewater, which was formerly the farm of Caleb Bush, where he has resided since. Mr. Hinds may safely be classed among the intelli- gent and thorough farmers of Susquehanna County, and in all the improvements, the fences and buildings, of his present farm, the handi- work of a practical farmer may be seen. He has never held office except to serve as the present poor commissioner of the township, having been elected in the spring of 1886, and he has served eighteen years on the trustee board of the Methodist Episcopal Church. When only eighteen years old he took an active" interest in the militia drill of those days, and was elected major by a large majority over his competitors, and received his commission from Governor Porter. During the late Civil War Major Hinds gave his time and money freely in doing necessary home work preparatory to enlisting men leaving for the war, and he served in the capacity of a recruiting officer, though not officially, in filling the companies com- manded by Captains Stone, Dimock and Young. He volunteered as a private in Captain Stone's company, but on arriving at Scranton was re- jected on account of disability by the examin- ing surgeon. Although he received little edu- cation from books when a boy, Major Hinds is a ready accountant in business matters, has a retentive memory and is possessed of much natural talent and intellectual force. His word is his bond, and his integrity is beyond criti- cism. Both himself and wife are members of the church, the former of the Methodist, the latter of the Baptist Church. His children 326 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. are a son, George Leonidas, at present a resi- dent of St. Paul, Minn. ; and a daughter, Eliz- abeth, wife of Mahlon Bostwick, a merchant at Montrose and a native of the county. Mrs. Hinds has one brother, Perry, a resident of Aurora, 111., and half-brothers, — Kufus Steb- bins, deceased; Henry Stebbins, of Aurora, who served under Captain Dimock in the Re- bellion ; and Rebecca (Mrs. Baldwin), of Aurcra, 111. Her mother died at her residence in 1861, aged sixty-five years. Zebulon Deans came from Lebanon, Wind- ham County, Conn., to what is now South Montrose in 1804. Captain Bard came with him. They traveled the whole distance on foot, and selected farms adjoining. Mr. Deans pur- chased the improvement made by Elisha Lewis, and while here erected a frame barn at Mon- trose, which was the first frame building put in the place. Both John Bard and Zebulon Deans returned to Connecticut and brought their families that fall. Mr. Deans cleared up the farm where Albert Wells now lives, and was the first carpenter in the place. He built the Post tavern and the first Presbyterian Church in the place. He was elected deacon in the Pres- byterian Church in 1812, and became a ruling elder, which position he held until he died, in 1848, aged seventy-seven. His wife, Olive, a daughter of Thos. Crocker, died in 1851, aged seventy-nine. Their children were Orimel, who moved to New York. James followed his father's occupation and retained the homestead ; he was also an elder in the Presbyterian Church. He had two children — Horace A. Deans, who was thrown from a horse and killed ; and W. B. Deans, photographer and merchant at Mon- trose. Zebulon Deans' four daughters were Matilda, wife of Hezekiah Billiard, a carpenter, of South Montrose; Phebe, wife of Elijah Bullard, a shoemaker of Montrose, (she is now living, aged eighty-eight); Lucy, wife of David Fields ; and Fannie, wife of Thaddeus Fields. Isaac Bullard, a Revolutionary soldier from Vermont, came to the South neighborhood about 1814, and located on the farm afterwards occu- pied by his son Hezekiah. He died in 1842, aged ninety-seven. His sons were Elijah, Hezekiah and Otis, who married Mary Crocker ; Elijah was ninety -three years old when he died. His widow, Phebe (Deans) Bullard, and Mason S. Wilson are the oldest of the pioneer resi- dents of Montrose now living, and the memory of both of them is remarkably clear. Heze- kiah was seventy-nine and Otis seventy-seven when they died. Elijah Bullard's children were A. N. Bullard, school-teacher and carpen- ter, who lives at South Montrose ; Catharine lives with her mother ; Isaac N., merchant ; Zebulon, on the homestead ; Helen A., wife of Philander J. Pepper, of Williamsport. Thomas Crocker came from Bozrah, Conn., to what is now the Conklin farm, in Dimock, in 1800. In 1802 he brought his family to the farm adjoining that of Elias West, on the north. Here he remained until 1812, when he removed to the farm where he died, in 1848, aged eighty- two. His wife died in 1844, aged seventy-five. Their sons were Hyde, Lucius, John S., Austin and Daniel W. Harriet was the wife of Hiram Finch, and Mary, wife of Otis Bullard. Hyde moved into Montrose and worked at the carpenter's trade many years. He died July 4, 1886, aged ninety-three. His wife, who was Sally Cornwall, is still living on the homestead with her son, Hyde Crocker, Jr. Austin Crocker, of the old family, is a farmer in Dimock. Daniel lived in Deposit ; Lucius was a carpenter and moved elsewhere. John Bard came with Z. Deans in 1804, and first cleared the Perrin Wells farm. He next took the Thos. Crocker farm in 1810. His son, Deacon Samuel Bard, resided in Montrose, and died in 1879, aged about eighty. In 1802 Samuel and John Backus came from Norwich, Conn., and settled on the Wyal using, just below their father-in-law, Jedediah Hewitt, who had located next below Robert Day. Samuel married Eunice Hewitt and reared a family of children. John married Jerusha Hewitt. His log cabin was about one and one- half miles south of Montrose. He was ninety- three years of age when he died. Of his ten children, John H. resides at Montrose ; Esther was the wife of Asa Fessenden, a farmer, who lived near the Backus homestead. Joseph Backus came later and helped Bela Jones erect a carding-machine at the outlet of Jones' Lake, BRIDGEWATER. 327 in 1814. He went to Otsego County, N. Y., on foot, to purchase the machine, floated it down the river to Great Bend ; thence it was carted to the lake and put in operation in a little building erected at the outlet of the pond, on a couple of trees which they had felled for a foundation. Jos. Backus' children were Elijah, who lives at Montrose ; Samuel G. went to Nebraska ; Joseph H. and Laura A. also went West. charter. There the mother died. One son, Reuben, known as "Deacon" Wells, (1756- 1848), born in Putman, Conn., after the family lost their property, removed with his wife, Abigail Turrell, two sons (Reuben and James) and two daughters, (Mrs. Samuel Bard, of Bridgewater, and Mrs. Daniel Taylor, of Brad- ford County), in 1812, to Bridgewater, this county, and bought two hundred and forty Edward Clinton Wells. — His paternal great-grandfather removed with his family from Connecticut in 1774, and settled at Wyoming, where he met his death at the battle of Wyoming, in 1778. His widow and chil- dren returned immediately after the massacre, going all the way on foot to Connecticut, where they remained until 1797, when the family again returned to Pennsylvania and purchased land under the Connecticut title at Frenchtown, Bradford County, from which they were ejected by parties claiming title under the Pennsylvania acres of land, a part of the Wallace tract, on the road just south of the present hamlet of South Montrose, where himself and wife spent the remainder of their days, improving their property, which was divided equally between their sons. They were members of the Presby- terian Church at Montrose, and interred in the neighborhood plot on their own farm. One son, James who received one-half of the real estate married, reared a family, but about 1846, settled in Illinois, where he died. Reuben AVells (1800-75), the other son, 328 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. married, in 1834, Nancy (1804-68), a daughter of Zebulon Deans and Lucy (Chafee) Deans, a native of Putnam, Conn. Her father was a blacksmith by trade, and served in the War of 1812. She had brothers and sisters, but none of them came to this county. The children are Albert T., farmer in Bridgewater ; Ed- ward Clinton ; and George P., a farmer on the homestead. Reuben Wells made large improve- ments on his part of the farm, and added one hundred and twenty-five acres, making his total number two hundred and forty-five acres. Prior to 1830 he assisted his father in erecting the present residence. He was a man of great industry, and managed his business affairs with prudence and economy. He accumulated a fair competence, which was divided among his sons at his death. He was well thought of by his townsmen, and he served for many years as poormaster, supervisor and assessor of Bridge- water. Both himself and wife were members of the Presbyterian Church at Montrose, con- tributors to all worthy local enterprises, and both were buried in the plot on the homestead. Edward Clinton Wells, second son of Reuben, was born on the homestead near South Mont- rose, October 22, 1840. He was educated at the district school, Harford University, Montrose Academy, and for six terms was a teacher. After his marriage, in 1864, he re- sided on a rented farm near the homestead for four years. In the spring of 1869 he pur- chased a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, three-fourths of a mile west of South Montrose, which he managed until 1878, In 1877 he purchased twenty-five acres just north of that village, upon which he erected his present resid- ence, which will vie with any in the township in its various appointments. In 1882 he added to the last-mentioned purchase one hundred and ten acres more of land contiguous thereto. He may be safely classed among the intelligent and industrious farmers of Susquehanna County. He has served his township in various official capacities, and was assessor for five years, school director for six years and supervisor for three years, and a member of the Farmers' Institute. His wife is Emma L., a daughter of Joseph S. (1800-76) and Catharine (1807-75) (End- ress) Bomberger, who resided in South Lebanon township, Lebanon County, Pa. She was born March 2, 1845. Their children are, Ada E., educated at Montrose Academy, a teacher for several terms ; and Lizzie N. Wells. The children of Joseph S. Bomberger are, Mary A., wife of Jonah K. Spayd of Lebanon, Pa. ; Sarah, widow of Wm. Shirk, Shelby County, Iowa; Endress, died in Iowa at Rising Sun, and left a family ; Catharine, wife of Edward R. Zimmerman, Washington County, Md. ; John H., died at thirteen ; William E., Kent County, Md. ; Edwin J. E., farmer in Lebanon County; Uriah J. (1843-63), served in the late Rebellion, was sergeant of a company of heavy artillery, and died in a hospital at Camden, N. J. ; Emma L., wife of Edward C. Wells ; Joseph E., resides in Lebanon, Pa. Her grandparents, Bomberger and Endress, with their families, settled in Lebanon County, from Germany, where they became large land- owners. Joseph Butterworth moved from Middle- town to Bridgewater about 1808-10, and settled where John Hunter lives in South Montrose. He was a farmer and drover, and bought the improvement made by Samuel Maine. His children were Oliver, Alanson, Lodema, Joseph and Edwin. Alanson married Julia Stone, and their children were Edwin, Albert, Jerome and Ellen, who resided in the vicinity. Jerome has the homestead. Christopher Frink came to Bridgewater early with his three sons — Rufus, Jabez and Amos. Mrs. Jabez Frink was one of the first school-teachers at Montrose. Benajah McKenzie came from Windham County, Conn., in 1804, and located on a farm in the southwestern part of the township, now owned by William H. Jones. Captain Bard and McKenzie went twenty miles to Black's grist-mill, near the mouth of the Wyalusing, to get their grain ground. He was working for Joab Pickett in 1805, when the Connecti- cut claimants were harassing the Pennsylvania surveyors by stray bullets fired to intimidate the surveyors. Late in life he removed to Montrose, where he died, February 9, 1872, aged eighty-seven. He had long been a mem- BRIDGE WATER. 329 ber of the Presbyterian Church, and was highly respected. His wife was a daughter of Ezra Tuttle, of Springville. Of their children, Ezra went to Illinois, John died in Kansas, Eli lives in Lackawanna County, Naomi was the wife of Cyrus Barnes, Gideon and George removed West. Jane was the wife of Eobert Foster, and is now a resident of Montrose. Edwin was a merchant at Montrose a number of years, where his family reside. He is now in business at Binghamton. Charles McKen- zie was in the army nearly three years, and was killed during Grant's campaign against Rich- mond. Waltek Latheop, born at Norwich, Conn., November 19, 1749, married in 1775, and had one son, Matthew, who was born the following year, in which also his wife died. In 1779 he married, for his second wife, Esther Fox, of Norwich, then twenty-four years old, by whom he had the following children : Hannah (1780— 81); Wealthy (1782-83); Benjamin, born June 25, 1784, died July 22, 1861 ; Wealthy 2d (1786-1852), became the wife of Dr. Ma- son Dennison, of Montrose; Daniel (1789— 1842); Martha (1792-1839); Rodney (1794- 1849). In the year 1800 Walter Lathrop re- moved with his family from his native place, and settled in Luzerne (now Susquehanna) County, traveling the entire distance with an ox-team, which took six weeks' time. He set- tled in the unbroken forest of what afterwards was made Bridgewater township, in the South neighborhood, and there erected his log house, and began clearing off the forest and tilling the virgin soil. This log house stood on the spot now covered with an orchard, just below Silas Perkins'. This family were among the first permanent settlers, and only preceded by others by one year. Walter Lathrop died in 1817, and his wife in 1838, leaving to their children the invaluable legacy — the example of an industrious, virtuous and upright life, and au opportunity for them to carve out homes and fortunes for themselves, and establish schools, . Allen. Chas. Avery. John Bedell. Granville Bailey. Philander Barber. Marvin Barber. Wm. E. Burrows. Pliny Birchard. Israel C. Birchard. Elias L. Birchard. Ralph S. Birchard. Jesse A. Birchard. L. W. Birchard. Harry A. Birchard. Orrin S. Beebe. Jos. Backus. Jeremiah Baldwin. Silas Baldwin. Anthony Blackman. Samuel Bertholf. Elkanah Bolles. Abel Bolles. Simon A. Bolles. Nelson Bolles. James S. Bolles. John Blaisdell. Jas. S. Blaisdell. Wm. Bissell. Andrew Bissell. John Bissell. Minor Brooks. Madison Bostwick. Clark Burr. Geo. Bowman. Caleb Cuok. Roswell Cook. John Cook. Lewis Card. Chas. Crandall. Joel Cogswell. N. P. Cornwell. Abel Chatfield. John 0. Clark. Isaac L. Camp. Samuel A. Caswell. Robt. M. Caswell. Cory don Caswell. Jonathan Caswell. "Wm. Covert. Chapman Carrier. Austen W. Carrier. Erastus Cook. Richard B. Downer. John Dority. Fred. Dayton. Henry Dewees. Stoddard Dewitt. Levi Dewitt. Chas. Davis. Henry Davis. Benj. Depue. Geo. K. Eastman. Nathan Eastman. Walter Foster. E. G. Fessenden. Thos. Fessenden. Isaac B. Fessenden. John Fessenden. H. C. Fairchild. David Green. Jacob Green. Bobt. Griffis. Bartlett Griffls. Mahlon Griffls. John G»rry. Martin Granger. George Henry. Wm. Holbrook, John Hancock. Marvin Hall. Daniel Hoff. Bartlett Hoff. John Hoff. Harmon Hinds. Champion Harris. Richard D. Harris. Wakeman C. Handrick. Austin Howell. John A. Howell. Philemon Harsh, Jr. John Johnson. Benj. A. JohnBon. Luke Jagger. Elias Jagger. Luther Jagger. Daniel Jagger. Albert Kelsey. James Lewis. Ebenezer Lathrop. Nicholas Lowly. Jeremiah Meachem. Sheldon Meachem. Jeremiah Martin. Bobt. Martin. Thos. Martin. Harry Mills. Clark Mills. Joseph S. Mitchel. Elijah Mott. George Minkler. Matthew McKeeby. Matthew McKeeby (2d). Solomon McKeeby. D. P. Miller. Ezekiel Maine. B. C, Newcomb. W. P. Newcomb. Samuel Newcomb. Parthena C. Newcomb. George Otis. Erastus Otis. Benj. P. Otis. Richard Otis. Walter Olmstead. Asa Olmstead. Jos. Parmeter. David Patterson. Wm. L. Post. Henry Prime. Eben Pickett. Jared Pickett. Daniel Pickett. Samuel Roberts. Nelson H. Roberts. David S. Robertson. ,John Robertson. Wm. Robertson. John W. Robertson. John Reynolds. Alpha Reynolds. John Reynolds (2d). Wm. Smith. Zenos Smith. Benj. Sayre. Henry Shelp. Christian Shelp,. Henry C. Shelp. John Shelp. Thos. Shelp. John Shelp, Jr. Lucius Steiger. David C. Sherman. Christopher Sherman. Lemon Sherman. Jonathan C. Sherman. Abel Sherman. Harvey Sherman. Andrew V. Stout. Jos. W. Smith. Horace Smith. Mathias Smith. Henry E. Smith. Zenos Smith. Lucius Smith. Benj. Shay. Theodore Shay. Dennis Shay. Lora Stone. Geo. L. Stone. O. W. Stone. Edward Torpin. Benj . Van Ess. James Vail. Russell Verry. Albert Woodcock. Jas. Waldie. Stephen Wolsey. Joseph B. Wolsey. Henry Wal bridge. Samuel Walbridge. Samuel Walker. James Young. John Young. Henry Young. Business Interests. — The oldest interests in the township, aside from the ordinary agri- cultural pursuits, are the grist and saw-mills on the Wyalusing, above Bolles' Flat. The first mill was built in 1799 by Holden Sweet, but before it was set in operation he exchanged property with Abner Griffis, who had the mill till 1804, when he sold out to Jacob Cooley. The latter had settled on the creek half a mile above the mill, and in 1803 built a distillery at that point, which he carried on about seven years. In this period one of his children was drowned in the creek, and another was scalded to death in the still. After having bought the mill he built a dam of poles and took up his residence in the mill building, operating the mill until 1811. He then rented the place two years to D. Lampson, and went to Canada. At the end of that time he returned and built a house on the site of the Edgar Bolles residence, and again left. This house, it is said, was destroyed by the neighbors, who suspected that Cooley was guilty of passing spurious money, and who wanted to free themselves of his presence in the community. After his family had left it was reported that Cooley had met with a violent death for an offence similar to the one he was accused of in Jessup. From him the mill passed into the hands of Jesse Ross, thence to his son, Isaac H., and from him to his brother Perriu. Since that time the owners have been in the order named : Asa and Adolphus Olmstead, Mason Dennison, Samuel Bertholf, Benjamin Depue, Timothy Depue, T. J. Depue, Alanson H. Bolles, and since 1882, J. G. Snow. The property consists 364 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. of eight acres of land, grist-mill with three runs of stones, saw-mills with circular saws, and a cider-mill. The mill is one of the oldest land-marks in the township. In 1817 Thomas H. Doyle was a cloth- dresser, six miles from Montrose, on the Wyalu- sing road, and in 1818 Isaac H. Ross and Jonathan C. Sherman took the same stand — the house is now a part of the above mills. Later, wool-fulling machinery was operated near here by Alonzo P. Kinney, Joseph W. Smith, and last, by John S. Ward. The build- ing which stood on the S. McKeeby place has been removed. Robinson Bolles, the elder, had a small tannery on his farm, and also carried on boot and shoe-making. The business was closed up after his death, in 1842. In the southwestern part of the township W. V. Bedell has for many years carried on an under- taker shop and also manufactured wagons. Lower down the Wyalusing John Bennett had mechanic shops fifteen years, which have not been occupied continuously to carry on wagon- making and blacksmithing. Near the Bridgewater line were the woolen- mills of John Reynolds, 1 which passed away many yeass ago; then came a saw-mill which, when operated by a man named Gregory, caused his death by his being caught by the machinery. The death of Ethan Russell was also caused by this mill. It is now the property of W. Barron. The Foster saw-mill, lower down the stream, has passed away. It was last used as a wagon- shop by Ralph Birch- ard. Small saw-mills on South Creek, and the Smith mill, on Forest Lake Creek, have also been abandoned. High up the latter stream a small saw-mill, with feed-grinder attached, is operated by N. Andrews. Porter Kidge post-office was established at the house of Pliny Birchard, who was the post- master in . Thence it was moved to the house of Austin Lathrop, farther down the road, Robert Griffis being the postmaster. It was discontinued in . Fairdale, the only hamlet in the township, is pleasantly located on the left bank of the !See account of bis settlement. Wyalusing, on " Turrell's Flat," a little above the mouth of South Creek. It contains a church, two stores, post-office, shops, and had in 1880 seventy-five inhabitants. Matthias Smith was one of the settlers whose continuous residence was longest at this place. He lived on the Dimon farm, and for a time had a small distillery. His sons, Zenas and Lucius, also now aged men, are still citizens of Fair- dale. David Olmstead and Richard Otis are also old citizens near the hamlet. Dr. Nathaniel P. Cornwell was the first located physician, coming here more than forty years ago. He lived on the corner of the old Colonel Turrell farm until his death, in August, 1883. In the last years of his life he was in- firm and not in active practice. Other practi- tioners have been Drs. G. M. Harrison and A. B. Sherman. Fairdale post-office was established in 1829, with Asa Olmstead as postmaster, who kept it at his public-house, half a mile below the present hamlet. In 1842 it was re-established, and Daniel Hoff was the postmaster, keeping it at his public-house, higher up the road. Next it was at the store of John Jackson, who was suc- ceeded by Jacob H. Rosencrans, the office having been kept in that building about twenty years. Since October, 1885, the postmaster has been Oscar C. Downer, merchant and public- house keeper. The building he occupies was erected for tavern purposes, after the Civil War, by Jacob Decker, and was kept by him until his death. It was then changed to a store by John and Edward Granger, who traded a few years, Among other merchants was James Martin, who was in business a long time, and also traded at Snow's Mills. The building oc- cupied there was burned down while owned by J. W. Throckmorton. After the Hoff tavern was discontinued, before 1860, the building was used as a chair-factory, and at present a cooper- shop is carried on near this place. Henry Slawson, James Vail and L. E. White have had mechanic shops. Religious.— The Rush Baptist Church was organized iu Jessup in 1831, and for a time the meetings were held in Bolles' school house. This building stood opposite the present school- JESSUP. 365 house, near the grave-yard, which is one of the oldest in this part of the county. It is said that Nelson Bolles was the first person interred there, when one acre of ground was set aside for burial purposes, and placed in care of trustees Simeon A. Bolles and Daniel Pickett. The grounds have been enlarged by the addi- tion of half an acre, and the cemetery is well kept. In 1886 the trustees were Charles B. Bolles, Peter D. Roe and E. W. Bolles. The first church building in the township was a small frame meeting-house, which was built about 1841 on the Hall farm, in the northern part of the township, and was used by the Wesleyan Methodists and other denomina- tions. Owing to the changes in the ownership of lands, which brought in a new class of people, the use of the building as a place of worship was soon abandoned, but the house stood until after 1857, and was sometimes used to hold secular meetings. In the neighborhood of Fairdale the Meth- odist Episcopal Church had a number of ad- herents many years before a regular organiza- tion was effected. After a class was formed, among the members were Marvin Hall, Benja- min Shay, Truman Walker, Diadame Walker, Charity Hall, David Olrastead and wife, Doras Shay and wife. A small meeting-house was built in the hamlet, which was replaced by the present edifice in 1868. It is an attractive structure, with about three hundred sittings, and cost three thousand four hundred dollars. The committee under whose direction it was erected was composed of Truman Walker, David Olm- stead, Zenas Smith, Marvin Hall and Benjamin Shay. It was formally dedicated in November, 1868, and has since been repaired. The lot has also been supplied with a number of good sheds. In 1886 the trustees of the property were David Olmstead, William R. Walker, Thomas Beaumont and Marvin Hall. In the fall of 1886 a new parsonage was erected oppo- site the church, at a cost of one thousand dol- lars, which is the property of the Fairfield Circuit, formed in 1868, to which these Meth- odists belong. Rev. J. S. Lewis is the present pastor. The membership of the church at Fairdale is one hundred, constituting a class led by P. S. Shelp. A large Sunday-school has Wm. Robertson as its superintendent. Frederick Dayton. — Eli and Hannah (Baldwin) Dayton were natives of Litchfield County, Conn., where both died. He was a farmer and a hero of the Revolutionary War. Enlisting soon after the beginning of that eventful struggle, he served for three years in the army and took part in the campaign with General Montgomery in Canada. Discharged through a severe illness, he returned to his home. He had children, — Lucinda, Daniel, Isaac, all born there. Daniel Dayton (1788- 1870), in 1811, married Mary Ann, daughter of Canfield and Mary Ann Stone, also of Litch- field County. She died at the age of twenty- six, after bearing Mary Ann, born 1813 (Mrs. Ahira Wickham, now of Towanda, Pa.) ; Han- nah (1815-47) was the wife of N. C. Wick- wire, and died in Illinois ; and Daniel C, born 181 6, a retired merchant in Towanda, Pa. For his second wife, in 1818, he married Catharine (1799-1857), daughter of William . Clark, of Cornwall, Conn. Their children are Fred- erick, born 1819; William, born 1821, a farmer in Litchfield County ; and Isaac, born 1828, also a farmer there. In his eighty -second year Mr. Dayton came to Susquehanna County to visit his son Frederick, with whom he re- mained six months. Returning to his home in the fall, he lived until the following May, and died on the old homestead. Frederick Dayton, born at New Preston, Conn., spent his boyhood upon the farm of his father and obtained his education at the district schools and at the Warren Academy. During the succeeding eight years he taught school, the first three being at Fishkill, N. Y., the remain- ing five in his native State, excepting one term in Pennsylvania. In 1845 he came to this county and bought the present homestead, then comprising one hundred and twenty-five acres, and since increased to one hundred and forty- three acres, upon which he erected commodious farm buildings. In 1845 he married Sophronia, daughter of Judson and Polly (Turrell) Stone, of Forest Lake township. She was born in 1827, and her children are as follows : Watson, born 1846, a farmer of Jessup, who married 366 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Betsey Ann White, of Le Raysville, Pa. ; Can- field S., born 1850, an artist-painter, located at Cincinnati, Ohio, who married Jessie Rockwell, of Towanda, Pa. ; Urania E., born 1856, mar- ried Charles B. McKean, a tanner at Irvonia, Clearfield County, Pa. ; Clark D., born 1858, a farmer in Forest Lake, who married Sarah M. Tilden ; and Zaidee Catharine, born 1860, the wife of Milton E. Birchard, residing on the homestead. In all good works he found a ready and valuable aid in Mrs. Dayton, who was in all things a true and loving wife and devoted mother. Upon family and friends her example has been stamped and long will be remembered. A sufferer for many months from creeping palsy, she bore all with resignation and fortitude, and died, surrounded by family and friends, Sep- tember 22, 1886. For years she had belonged to the Middletown Baptist Church, which her W» ■ c?- jfraJfei. Mr. Dayton has never been a politician, though his services have been freely given to the township in various offices, among them be- ing school director, supervisor and poormaster. During the Rebellion he was an ardent and outspoken supporter of the National Govern- ment, and his voice and purse were frequently called upon during that troublous period. He has always attended closely to his farm interests and may safely be called a representative farmer. husband also attends ; and the membership of that church bear many happy thoughts of her friendship and comfort during the various trials of life. CHAPTER XXIII. DIMOCK TOWNSHIP. Dimock was erected December, 1832, as the nineteenth township in the county, with the fol- DIMOCK. 367 lowing bounds : North, Bridgewater, from which nearly one-fourth of the area was taken ; south, Springfield, from which the remainder of what is now Dimock was taken ; east, Brooklyn ; west, Auburn and Rush. After Jessup was erected, in 1846, that township became the northwestern boundary, and a slight change in that line was subsequently made. The town- ship was named in honor of Davis Dimock, associate judge of the county at the time the township was formed. Its dimensions are not quite seven miles from west to east, and a little less than four and a half miles from north to south. Under the Connecticut surveys this area comprised parts of the towns of Cheleur, Bidwell, Dandolo and Manor, and settlers were, therefore, first attracted to different localities, as they had purchased lands before immigrating. The general surface is elevated, and nearly the entire slope is towards the south. In the north- western part, beyond the ridge, which trends west, near the north line of the township, are two sheets of water, of symmetrical appearance and closely united, which bear the name of Elk Lakes. The outlet is a small stream called Lake Creek, which flows northwest, through Rush, into the Wyalusing. The lakes cover about one hundred and fifty acres, and have, in late years, been regarded as one, and called Elk Lake. On account of some of the early settlers in this locality, this body of water was also long known by the name of Lathrop Lake. The surrounding country is very attractive. About a mile south is. Young's Pond, a small body of water, which is the source of a branch of White Creek, which drains that part of the township. East of the centre the drainage is into Meshop- pen Creek, whose main stream is for several miles parallel with the Brooklyn line, thence bends southwest, passing into Springville below Parkvale. Its principal branch in the township is the outlet of Cape's Ponds, small sheets of water north of the centre. Numerous springs abound, forming brooks, which afford living water for most of the farms. In some sections the presence of mineral springs has been noted. " A mineral spring was discovered in 1871 on the farm of Widow John Eosencrants, in Dimock town- ship, near the Meshoppen Creek, half a mile above the State road. The water of this spring has not yet been analyzed ; but, judging from the smell, taste and appearances, the ingredients are sulphur and iron. On confining the water in a jug, the presence of sul- phur is acknowledged by all ; and a portion of the iron precipitates itself from the water in a few days' time, and the smell and taste soon disappear. Allowing the air to come in contact with the water in an open bottle, it turns to a dark color ; but if the bottle is kept corked, the water seems to remain good any length of time." The township had much valuable timber, and several fine belts of the original growth still remain ; but the greater part of the surface has been cleared up. A large quantity of the trees on the lower lands were elms and lindens, from which circumstance Dimock has been called the "Bass Wood" township. On the higher ridges were groves of fine trees ; and a considerable quantity of hemlock also abounded. The soil does not vary from that found in the central part of the county, and the farm pro- ducts are, like those of the surrounding town- ships, mainly those of the dairy. Attention has been paid to the breeding of fine cattle, and good herds are owned by P. C. Conklin, E. Tiffany and others. The Early Settlers of Dimock were not as numerous as those of other sections of the county, where richness of soil and proximity to markets induced them to locate. But they be- longed to the same hardy, self-reliant and de- termined class of people as formed the nucleus of other prosperous settlements, and despite adverse conditions, attracted desirable neighbors. Among those coming first were, according to Miss Blackman, Thomas and Henry Parke, in 1796 ; Joseph Chapman and son, Joseph (in Cheleur), temporarily, in 1798 ; George Mowry, and sons, Charles and Ezekiel (in Manor), in 1799 ; Martin Myers and Thomas Giles, the same year ; Asa and Ezekiel Lathrop and Asahel Avery soon after 1800. Thomas Parke, commonly called Col. Parke, came from Charleston, Rhode Island, in June, 1796, to occupy a tract of ten thousand acres of land, which he had purchased under the Con- necticut title. These lands constituted nearly half the area of the town of Bidwell, along the waters of the Meshoppen, in what is now Dimock and Springville. He fixed his residence 368 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. in the southeastern part of Dimock, at a place which became known as Parkvale, where he and his younger brother, Henry, commenced to make a clearing. They were the sons of Capt. Benjamin Parke, who commanded a com- pany at the battle of Bunker Hill, and who lost his life in that engagement. Thomas and Henry being the younger of four sons, were placed under the care of their grandfather, a Puritan clergyman, who gave them a good edu- cation. Thomas was a good practical surveyor, and occasionally contributed to the newspapers of that period. When he came here there were but two settlers west of the " Nine Partners," and west to the Wyalusing, a distance of twenty- five miles, was an unbroken forest. With the aid of his compass he explored and marked a path to the forks of the Wyalusing, the nearest point where he could obtain bread-stuffs, which he carried to his home on his back. In the winter of 1797 he walked home to Charleston, P. I., and returned the same way the following spring. He busied himself preparing a home, and in 1800 he returned to Rhode Island, and was married to Eunice Champlin, of New York. In the spring of 1802 he brought her, with their infant son, Benjamin, to this home in the wild woods, where she acquitted herself in a manner worthy of a pioneer and proved her- self a true helpmeet. On the 5th of December, 1802, their daughter, Sarah C, was born to them, and this was the first birth in the township. Of this pioneer home, and the life the occupants led, the Hon. Benjamin Parke said, October 5, 1885,— " That dwelling stood in a beautiful valley, nearly surrounded by hills, beside a brook of pure water which ran through and gave name to the valley. Though of unhewn logs, it was of ample size and comfortable. It appeared, however, as a home far different to those who then saw it for the first time, than it did to the one who had toiled six years to pre- pare it. Col. Parke brought with him his sister, a young and accomplished girl, besides his wife and infant son. They, as most of the women who emi- grated early to Susquehanna County, had been reared in the bosom of New England families, and left the society of dear friends and relations. They had en- joyed, too, from childhood-, a frequent intercourse with the city of Newport, the then emporium of New England fashion and style. What a change and contrast ! A small clearing in the midst of a dense forest; few neighbors within five miles, and none nearer than a mile and a half of their dwelling. Their house, being of larger size than most others near, and upon the only traveled road leading eastward, in that section, was the general stopping-place of most of those coming from the Eastern States, to look for or settle upon farms in that part of the country. Here they were most cheerfully received, and enter- tained without charge, though beds and floors were frequently filled and covered with lodgers. " No one then thought of receiving pay from such transient guests. Their company and the hews they brought from the outer world was more than an equivalent for their entertaiment." A home of greater comfort and beauty was afterwards erected near the site of the old cabin, and under its hospitable roof eight children were reared. It was also a place where the old pioneers delighted to gather and recount their experiences when this country was but sparsely settled. Here, too, temporarily lived Henry Parke, of whom an old citizen said : "An uncle of the Hon. Benjamin Parke was occa- sionally a resident there for some days together. He was a very sociable, intelligent gentleman, and I was often entertained with his account of the first settle- ment of that region. Among other things, he told of backing provision from Black Walnut Bottom, on the river, following a line of marked trees; and once, being belated, he failed to find the clearing, and camped by the side of a log till morning. Starting again, in a few moments he discovered the clearing, and was much vexed that he had lain out so near home." It is said that this exposure permanently in- jured his constitution and hastened his death, which occurred in New York City in 1831. Henry Parke was never married, but resided with his sister on the farm which afterwards became known as " Woodburne." Here Asahel Avery and others had cleared up five acres of land for Charles Miner, who never occupied it. In the house which Henry Parke built on this place he taught school about 1810, and children from the families of Avery, West and Fuller attended. The two last-named lived in the township of Bridgewater. A short time prior to his death, the Hon. Charles Miner wrote concerning this section, as he recollected it in 1800, — DIMOCK. 369 " Thomas Parke and his brother, Henry — active, intelligent men — with a black boy, were alone in Bid- well. Charles Mowry was one of my fellow-students in Nature's beechwoods academy. After I became a printer, he wrote an article for my paper. I said to him, ' Mr. Mowry, you are capable of better things than rolling logs. Come to my office, and in two years you will be fitted for a printer and editor.' Brother Asher, at Doylestown, needing help, he en- tered his office, proved a good writer, clear, nervous ; became preceptor in the academy ; established a pa- per at Downingtown, Chester County, which he sus- tained with profit and reputation many years. He was invited by Governor Findlay's friends to remove to Harrisburg, and he afterwards became canal commis- sioner. As honest and clever a fellow as ever breathed, but as thorough a Democrat as I was Federalist." Colonel Thomas Parke firmly believed in the validity of his Connecticut titles, and defended them by argument and with his pen until the decree at Trenton was promulgated, which he never believed was just or right. He was loyal to his own convictions and to the interests of his neighbors, " refusing to give up the agency of the Connecticut claimants, and to accept an agency on the other side, together with a lease for all the lands he claimed, which would have made his title indisputable. He thought that in so doing he would show a distrust of the title under which he and others claimed lands, give his opponents an advantage over others for whom he acted, and thereby injure those who, relying upon his integrity, had intrusted their interests to his care, and who were not present to accept a surrender of his agency, and act for themselves. By this decision he lost all the worldly estate he possessed, and was afterwards obliged to purchase upon credit from his suc- cessful opponents, paying, by surveying, about six hundred acres, including the farm upon which he resided and died, in 1842. * Most of the early years of his residence in Dimock Col. Parke devoted to surveying the county into townships and lots, and was for three years one of the commissioners of Luzerne County, and one of the three trustees appointed by the Governor, in 1811, to run the lines, lay off and organize Susquehanna County. He took a great interest in military matters, and Jesse Bagley said, in 1871, — i Miss Blackman. " In 1806 I worked for Colonel Parke when the first militia training was held there ; Thomas Parke, Cap- tain ; Myron Kasson, Lieutenant; Joseph Chapman, Ensign, and myself Sergeant or Corporal. Abiathar Tuttle is the only man now living who trained with me. Captain (afterwards Colonel) Parke proposed that to every one who would the next time appear in uniform — blue coat and white pantaloons — he would give a dinner. About twenty so appeared, and were treated to an excellent dinner." Mrs. Parke survived her husband sixteen years, departing this life November 10, 1858, in the ninetieth year of her age. Their eldest son, the Hon. Benjamin Parke, LL.D., re- turned to the ancestral home in 1860, after an absence of thirty years, and soon after engaged in an extensive milling enterprise which wrecked his fortune. He removed to Harris- burg, where he died, and the homestead at Dimock passed into other hands, none of the Parke family remaining. Captain Joseph Chapman held a Connecticut title for four hundred acres of land in " Che- leur," which shared the same fate as Colonel Parke's. He and his son, Joseph, came to this tract in 1798, cleared up a site for a house south of Dimock village, which was built the follow- ing year. They named their place " Mont- calm,' and returned to Brooklyn to spend the winter. In the fall of 1799 Martin Myers oc- cupied this house until he could build his own, in the same neighborhood, farther south. In the spring of 1800 Captain Chapman brought his family from Dandolo (Brooklyn) to " Montcalm," but Joseph Chapman, Jr., re- mained in Brooklyn, occupying a farm which has remained in possession of their family. "Isaac A. and Edward, sons of Captain Joseph Chapman, were boys who spent their days in the la- borious occupation of felling and clearing the forest, and assisting to provide for the wants of the family ; and their evenings by the light of a huge blazing fire, studying whatever books could be obtained from the few 'settlers,' who lived within a circle of from ten to twenty miles around, and who were all neighbors warmly interested in each other's welfare and happi- ness. In this manner, aided by a very intelligent elder sister, and the occasional assistance of the more educated of the settlers, did these two brothers edu- cate and improve themselves to such a degree, that to human apprehension, only an early death prevented them from being the very first men in our State. 24 370 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. They were both excellent mathematicians, practical surveyors and draughtsmen. Poetry and landscape painting were occasionally resorted to as an amuse- ment, and many of the singular events and rude scenes of that new and wild country were the subjects of their pen and pencil. Edward afterwards studied law, and commenced the practice at Sunbury, where he died deeply lamented by all who ever had the pleasure of his acquaintance." (From Harrisburg Keystone, 1839. B. Parke, Esq., Editor). " In reference to the sister to whom they were so much indebted, the Hon. Charles Miner said : ' Miss Lydia Chapman, a lady of high intelligence and great merit, became an inhabitant of Wilkes-Barre and an instructress of a school. Married with Dr. G. W. Trott ; their accomplished daughter intermarried with the Hon. G. W. Woodward.' " He added : ' Edward and Isaac Abel Chapman open upon the world first-rate men. The fine poem by Edward commencing — " Columbia's BhoreB are wild and wide, Columbia's hills are high, And rudely planted Bide by Bide, Her forests meet the eye " — justly challenges the critic's praise. " ' Isaac became an editor ; proved an excellent writer, but was too independent to be a party printer in ancient times. For many years he was engineer in the employ of the Mauch Chunk Company, whose confidence and favor attest the scientific accuracy and social merit.' "In 1826 Isaac A. Chapman invented the syphon canal-lock. His death occurred December, 1827, at Mauch Chunk. Two years later proposals were issued for the publication of his ' History of Wyoming,' which eventually appeared. The preface, by himself, bears date July 11, 1818. He took the census of Sus- quehanna County in 1810." In about 1813 "Montcalm" became the home of John Bolles, who came from Wilkes- Barre with his family to occupy it, and lived there several years. Later he lived at Dimock Corners, on the farm where afterwards resided Lewis Brush, but died in Bridgewater, ninety years old. "Montcalm" became the property of Nathan Tingley, who was a later settler, but who became very prominently identified with the affairs of Dimock. "Martin Myers was a Hessian soldier in the British army during the Revolution. He came to Pennsyl- vania from one of the New England States, having left the service before the close of the war, and set- tled down as a peaceable citizen of the country against which he had been sent to fight. By the con- tract between the Government of Great Britain and the Prince of Hesse-Cassel, a sum of money was to be paid to the latter for all the Hessians not returned, and they were, at the end of the war, carefully sought for to be taken back. Myers, not wishing to return, sought concealment, and was aided by a young woman with whom he had become acquainted. He was not found, and after the troops had left the country this woman became his wife. In the fall of 1799 he is said to have carried the following load upon his back from Black's mill, on the Wyalusing, up to the forks of the creek, a distance of ten miles, the flour of one bushel of wheat, one bushel of rye, fourteen shad and a gun. At the Forks he added to his load one gal- lon and a pint of whiskey, a large bake-kettle weigh- ing twenty-five pounds, and a common-sized cross-cut saw, all of which he carried without assistance thir- teen miles farther to his own residence. These thirteen miles were entirely in the woods, and he was guided only by a line of marked trees. This Samson-like feat was performed by no ' Samson in size,' as we are told by his daughter, Mrs. Button, who also in- forms us that his grave is one-half mile east of Dimock Corners. He has a son, Alvin, now living in Rush. Another son, Surzardis, formerly resided in Dimock." l " In 1799, Thomas Giles, from Connecticut, moved in between Colonel Parke's place and Brooklyn. Soon after, his daughter Fanny, aged four years, while gathering chestnuts in the woods near the house, was lost. Many people joined in the search for her. ' On the third day there were persons there who lived thirty miles away. No trace of her was ever found.' " The Lathrops came from Connecticut and located south of the lakes near the Auburn line. Asa Lathrop began making a clearing on the hill south of the Corners in 1800, but did not bring his family until the following year. After living there a short time he removed to the outlet of the lakes and built there one of the pioneer mills of the county. From this fact his name became fixed upon the locality and was also applied to the lakes. These mills, though several times rebuilt and owned by other parties, are still frequently spoken of as Lathrop's. He died in 1827, aged seventy-two years, and was the father of sous named James, Walter and Asa. The former was the father of sons named Israel B., William F., Austin B. and Charles J., most of whom remained identified with the interests of this part of the county. In the early period of their residence at this place wild animals were numerous and bold, DIMOCK. 371 and it is related of James Lathrop that, hearing the squealing of pigs, one bright moonlight night, about 1810, he rose, went out, and found a bear had scaled the log fence — five feet high — with a porker weighing two hundred pounds ; and had walked off hugging it, and was then in the act of getting over another fence, when, seeing Mr. Lathrop coming and brandishing a bush-hook, he dropped the porker and took to the woods on all-fours. It is probable that Ezekiel Lathrop came about the same time, or a little earlier than the family of Asa Lathrop, and that his settlement here was induced by the improvements made by Asa the previous year. His location was nearer the Auburn line, on the farm which was later known as the Dyer Lathrop place, who was one of the sons. Other sons were named Spencer, Nehemiah, Ezekiel and John. Sev- eral of these became octogenarians. At the house of Ezekiel Lathrop were held the first religious meetings in Dimock, the services being those of the Baptist Church, Elder Davis Dimock and other missionaries being the preachers. Samuel Robinson, father of John W. Rob- inson, who was a large land-owner in the town- ship, and lived west of Ezekiel Avery, also came from Connecticut at an early day. John W. Robinson had been in the county as early as 1798, assisting Colonel Ezekiel Hyde as a sur- veyor. He probably accompanied him to Wilkes-Barre, where he engaged in mercantile business, and was married to a daughter of the revolutionary soldier, Colonel Zeb. Butler. Later he purchased the Wallace interest in lands in Susquehanna County — about eight thousand acres unsold, and all the contracts previously made — and took up his residence in Dimock, to look after his interests. For a home, he bought the house of John Williams, about 1811. The latter had bought it a few years previously of Asahel Avery, one of the first settlers of the township. Robinson found himself unable to raise the mortgages which he had given Wallace for the lands he had pur- chased, and became financially embarrassed. This was due, doubtless, to the long time he allowed the settlers to make their payments. In the mean time, as he could give no valid deed, there was distrust among the settlers, some of whom were threatened with ejectment by Robinson ; but '' one morning," it is said, " he found a pail of tar and feathers, and a bag of powder and shot suspended from his door-latch, giving too strong a hint to be disre- garded, and within twenty-four hours he left the township." Nearly all those who had made payments to Robinson were afterwards again obliged to make the same payments to the Wallace estate. Robinson left about 1824, and William D. Cope became the owner of the property first here improved. He was a son of Thomas P. Cope, the land-owner. Asahel Avery, wife and six children, had come in 1801, from London County, Conn., and occupied a log cabin when it was but two- thirds roofed. The centre only had a floor, made of split bass-wood logs — " The horse and calf on one side of this, and the fire-place on the other." It was necessary to protect the animals, as bears were numerous on the ridge of pines north of this place, and often alarming people by their presence. Mr. Avery was a carpenter by trade, and was building a good frame house opposite his cabin, in 1809, when he sold out to John Williams, and moved to Great Bend, where he died in February, 1813. Some years later Nehemiah Maine made a clearing on the Baker farm, in this locality, but removed. Isaiah Maine did not come until 1819, when he began improving the farm now occupied by one of his sons, F. A. Maine. Another son, A. W., resides at Dimock village. A daughter, Mary Jane, married William Bun- nell, of Dimock. In 1808 George W. Lane came from Wind- ham County, Vt., and improved a place which was sold to Philander Stephens. Near by he improved another farm, but moved to Mont- rose, where he died. He was the father of F. S. Lane, the attorney. Philander Stephens settled first in Bridgewater, but spent the latter years of his life in Dimock, his death occurring in July, 1842. Frederick Fargo. — About the year 1810 two brothers, Elisha and Jason Fargo, left their 372 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTS, PENNSYLVANIA. native State, Connecticut, and, with all their worldly possessions in a bundle strung on the end of a stick, walked the entire distance to Susquehanna County, and bought sixty-five acres of land near the Elk Lakes, Dimock township, from the Drinker estate, from which they at once commenced to clear the heavy timber. Elisha (1790-1870) married Alice (1794-1874), youngest daughter of Asa (1745- and wife died in their eighty-first year. Fred- erick Fargo, born November 12, 1824, obtained but limited education owing to his strength be- ing required on the farm, where he assisted his father until twenty-four years old, when he married Nancy (1828-84), daughter of Ger- shom and Sally Bunnell, and took up a piece of laud about one mile west of Elk Lake. Their children are Sarah H., married Robert Leebody, ^^UJU^ J^arzy 1872) and Abigail Lathrop, who bore James L., now living at East Rush ; Norris, living in Bradford County ; Asa B., residing in Mary- land ; Orrin F., a resident of Binghamton ; George, making a home at East Rush ; Freder- ick ; Charlotte, married Jonathan Bunnell, and resides at Auburn ; and Elisha M., now living at Montrose. Asa Lathrop built the first grist-mill in all this section, located at the outlet of Elk Lake, and carried on that business until he died. Elisha Fargo was a farmer, and both himself of Elk Lake ; A. "Wilson, married Anna (Broadhead) Porter, and resides at Elk Lake ; and Charlotte Francesca, married John Q. Adams, of Auburn Four Corners. The Bun- nell family came to the county at an early day, and settled in what is known as the " Beach Woods," Auburn township. One of the first in Rush township to answer the call for troops, made when the government was in jeopardy, was Frederick Fargo, who enlisted August 12th, and was appointed corporal of Company H, One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania DIMOCK. 373 Volunteers, and joined the Army of the Poto- mac, then commanded by General McClellan. With this army he took part in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and was severely wounded on the latter field, where he was left for dead. He was captured by the rebels, and shortly afterwards exchanged and sent home, where his friends had mourned on account of his supposed decease. On recovering sufficiently he joined the Invalid Corps, and was thence transferred to a company of detached cavalry, placed upon scouting duties, with head- quarters at Washington, D. C, in which service he remained until honorably discharged, in June, 1865. While engaged in this department he was on picket duty at one of the forts be- yond the East River Bridge the night President Lincoln was assassinated, and for the next four- teen days and nights was in the saddle the most of the time, hunting in and around Washing- ton for the assassins. On leaving the army he returned home, and the same season sold his farm and bought a half-interest in the Elk Lake Grist-Mills, wherein, with three run of stones, he made large quantities of buckwheat flour for the New York and Philadelphia mar- kets, in addition to the regular custom work. In 1869 the internal arrangements of the mill were overhauled and material improvements admitted, taking out two overshot wheels and putting in a LefFel's double turbine wheel ; also throwing out a rock run and putting in French buhr stones, at a total expense of some two thousand dollars. In this business he continued sixteen years, selling out in 1881 to his partner, ex-Sheriff John Young, and has since engaged in general farming, having purchased the Asa Lathrop farm and, in 1871, a tract of his mother. Interested in political affairs, he has served with satisfaction in various township offices. Mrs. Fargo was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church until her death, and her husband was also connected there. He is a member of H. C. Titman Post, No. 93, of Auburn Four Corners, also of Montrose Lodge, No. 151, I. O. O. F. On Pine Hill was Avery Bolles, a son of John Bolles, who settled on Montcalm in 1813. Here he made some improvements, but took up his permanent abode on another farm. At an earlier day, about 1808, Samuel Davis and family, from Windham County, Vt., settled in the same neighborhood. In this locality was also Elhanan Smith. On the steam road between the Corners and Elk Lake, Joshua Smith, from Groton, Conn., settled in 1812, remaining there until his death, December 3, 1840, aged seventy-six. The homestead became the property of Urban, the youngest of eleven children. A few years after their settlement at this place, Silas, one of the sons, at that time about ten years of age, was followed by a pack of wolves to within a short distance of his father's house, barely reaching it in safety. North, on this ridge, on the Samuel Sherer farm, Jacob Perkins made some good improve- ments, but later lived farther east, on the turn- pike. South, on the same road, was Frazier Eaton, whose farm became the property of Ben- jamin Blakeslee, who lived and died there. Samuel Sherer. — His paternal ancester, John Sherer, a native of Scotland, after many years of persecution of the family on account of their religious faith — Presbyterian — crossed the Channel, as thousands of others did, and settled in the North of Ireland. David Sherer (1 759- 1&46), born near Londonderry, Ireland, a son of John and Martha (Patton) Sherer, came to America in 1770, and settled in Derry, N. H. In his eighteenth year he enlisted in the Conti- nental army, and for a year and a half bore arms for his adopted country, participating in the battle of Stillwater and the capture of Burgoyne. In 1789 he married Hannah Young- man (1771-1851), and had the following chil- dren : John, who became a Presbyterian minis- ter j David ; Hannah (Mrs. John Robertson) ; William, who practiced medicine in the West ; Mary (Mrs. Nehemiah Baldwin) ; James and Samuel. Late in 1815 the family left New Hampshire and located in what is now Jessup township, this county. David Sherer was a farmer and an active, influential man, an advo- cate of religion and education, and for fifty-five years a member of the Presbyterian Church, to which society also his family belonged, hold- ing membership at Montrose. The Youngman 374 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. family are of English ancestry, their presence in this country dating back to 1684, when Francis Youngman settled in Massachusetts and became a member of Rev. John Eliot's church at Roxbury. Several of his descend- ants took up arms for the infant colonies and rendered most excellent and loyal service dur- ing the Revolution, receiving public recognition therefor. This family name is rapidly dying out, and but few remain to bear and perpetuate the English branch. Hannah was the daughter of Nicholas (1723-1814) and Mary (Wright) (1724 -1802) Youngman. Nicholas was the son of Ebenezer (1690-1754) and Mercy Jones Young- man. Ebenezer was the son of Francis Young- man, who died in 1712. Samuel Sherer was born June 22, 1813, and obtained his education in the district schools, where he afterwards taught for nine or ten win- ters, spending the summers upon his father's farm. An earnest and painstaking man, his influence and strength of character were recog- nized by his townsmen, and his services called into use in various public offices. In 1867 he was elected commissioner of the county and served satisfactorily for three years. He strenu- ously advocated the building of the Montrose Railway, and offered the right of way for the western route of the road, which, however, was not adopted. From early youth to the time of his death he took an active interest in edu- cational and religious matters, and liberally contributed to these interests as well as to ali charitable works demanding his attention. He was especially anxious in the matter of giving his own children superior educational advantages, and three of them have been teachers for several years. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church at Montrose, with which his family is also identified, and for three years served as a member of its board of trus- tees. He met his death accidentally while per- forming his farm duties, and died August 26, 1886. On June 22, 1837, he married Lucena, daughter of Eldad and Hannah Brewster, who was born in 1816. Their children are Augusta L (1838-1862) was the wife of Edward Dicker- son ; Olive T. (1840-70) was the wife of Frank J. Smith ; David, resides adjoining the homestead; Sarah A., a teacher in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Mary and Hannah have also been teachers. Mrs. Sherer's father, Eldad Brewster (1779- 1831), came from Long Island to what is now Montrose, in company with Captain Bartlet Hinds, in 1800, and his farm and that of Dan- iel Brewster were those since occupied by Thomas Johnson and Horace Brewster in Bridgewater township. In 1813 Eldad Brew- ster married Hannah (1796-1881), a daughter of Deacon Moses Tyler. At his death he left a widow and nine children, as follows : Tyler (1815-85) was a farmer in Harford town- ship ; Lucena, widow of Samuel Sherer ; Hor- ace, born in 1818, a farmer in Bridgewater township, has one son, D. Truman, a lawyer at Montrose, and another son, Dr. Fred. D. Brewster, a practicing physician at Tunkhan- nock ; Daniel, born in 1820, a business man at Montrose; Warren (1822-75) was a wagon manufacturer at Tunkhannock ; Andrew Jack- son, born in 1824, a business man at Montrose; Sarah, born in 1826, is the wife of Salmon A. Hempstead, of Meadville, Pa. ; M. Coleman (1828 57) was a carpenter at Montrose; Ann M., born in 1830, wife of Ansel J. Stearns, of Harford, this county. Jonathan A. Atherton came originally from Massachusetts to Wyoming, thence to Hyde Park, thence to Dimock, where he purchased the old Samuel Bard farm, on which he now resides. Of his children, Henry has been pay- master on the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad for twenty-three years ; Jerry L. and Bieknel B. have been employed by the same company as foremen of coal break- ers ; Rosa is the wife of T. H. B. Lewis, of Kingston, Pa. ; Florence is the wife of David Sherer, of Dimock, and Sophia is the wife of H. T. Lake. On the slope south of Elk Lake, Erastus and William Rathbun made a settlement before 1813. The latter was a clothier by trade. In 1817 they sold out to Simon Stevens, who came from Braiutrim. He lived here until his death, in 1841, aged nearly sixty-five years. He had fourteen children, some of whom still reside at Elk Lake. Mr. Stevens held important county DIMOCK. 375 offices and was noted for his strong opposition to Masonry. In the same locality George Young settled in 1814, moving on a place which had been im- proved somewhat by Dennison Gere. He died in 1831, aged seventy- two years, and the home- stead afterwards became the property of his son John, at one time sheriff of the county. The adjoining farms were owned by Joseph and James Camp, who sold out to David Young, Sr. (a brother of George), in 1815 and left the country. David Young, Sr., died about 1830, but his descendants still live in this part of the township. A few years later James Service settled near Elk Lake. One-half mile east of Dimock Corners Israel Hewitt settled in 1814, and reared sons named Latham and Israel. They were great hunters and skilled in the use of the rifle. On the Chapman farm, west, Samuel Kellum settled in 1815, but, in 1819, sold out to some Englishmen who were interested in the prospective village of New Birmingham (now Dimock), and who disposed of their interests soon after. At this time, it appears, there were four hundred and fifty thrifty apple trees on the Chapmau place. About this time John Austin located in this neighborhood, but later settled on the I. B. Woodhouse farm, on the Elk Lake road. He was the father of fifteeu children. Oliver Scott was on a farm farther east, which was later the home of Samuel A. Brown. In 1816 Elisha Gates and his son-in-law, John Lewis, from Groton, Conn., settled on the farm north of Col. Parke, on lands still owned by his family. He had sons named John and George. In December, 1886, the latter was living in the township, aged eighty-eight years. In the late Civil War his six sons were in the service and John had three sons in the Union army. Elisha Gates had the reputation of being the best mathematician in Dimock, and was frequently called on to solve puzzling questions for persons from other counties. On the Meshoppen, east from this place, set- tled the Tiffany family, Preston Tiffany locat- ing on the present O. Tiffany farm. Other mem- bers were Elisha, Joseph and Horace Tiffany. In 1819 Alexander Smith, a native of Scot- land, came to Dimock and located on eighty acres of land one mile east from the Corners, but did not reside permanently there. While living in Dimock the first twins in the town- ship were born in this family, which received the names of William W. and Christiana. In 1820 Royal Tyler came from Rhode Island and settled on White Creek, in the southwestern part of the township, where he died in 1842. He had sons named Sylvanus, who lived on the homestead until recently ; Moses, who moved to Bridgewater ; Royal, im- migrating to Kansas ; and James became a resi- dent of California. At a later day the Burdick family opened a farm east from Tyler's, and of the sons reared by Amos Burdick, John remained on the home- stead, Nathan settled on an adjoining farm, Matthew on a farm north, and Alpheus on the old Lewis place, in the eastern part of the town- ship, where he still resides. In the southwestern part also settled George Risley, the father of sons named Dwight, Thomas, Aaron and Frank, most of whom im- proved farms in that locality or in the north- western part of Springville. John Woodhouse immigrated from Otsego County, N. Y., and after living in Bridgewater two years, settled on the farm now owned by one of his sons, F. M. Woodhouse. This was all woods except about three acres, which had been cleared up by a man named Fisk. He died in August, 1864, aged seventy-eight years. Be- sides the son on the homestead, there were other sons, — A. D., living in Springville ; John G., a physician who died in Lacey ville ; Isaac B., liv- ing on the State road in Dimock ; and Edward W., of Bradford County. North of this farm lived Thomas Miles, the father of Wm. C. Miles, of Dimock, and Dr. Jonathan Miles, of Lackawanna County. On the Dolan farm lived Levi Wells, the father of William Wells, of Pottsville. In 1820 Adam Waldie and his two gifted sisters lived one mile northeast from Dimock, on what became the Murray farm, but after a short residence they moved to Forest Lake. In the fall of 1821 Joseph Baker, of Chester 376 HISTOEY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. County, came to prospect lands, and after look- ing at a number of locations in Susquehanna County, he bought nearly three hundred acres of improved land at Dimock Corners, to which he moved his family in the spring of 1822. A part of this farm is still the property of his son, Judge I. P. Baker, residing at Dimock village. The same year Enoch Walker and his son, George, came from Choconut to the farm called " Woodbourne," and which under their owner- ship became one of the best-known places in the county. A part of the mansion was built by Henry Parke when he occupied this land. In 1822 George Walker had a small store in the room of this house, which afterwards be- came his library. Enoch Walker came from Chester County with his children, in April, 1820, to the farm, late the residence of Caleb Carmalt, Lakeside, Choconut, where he re- mained two years, before removing to Wood- bourne. One who spent many months, at dif- ferent times, under his roof, says, — "His earliest training was under the judicious care of an excellent Christian mother, whose precepts and example were the abiding rule of his life, and enabled him to endure with great fortitude, many and various trials. When young, he appeared as a minister among Friends; and in 1796 spent some time as a mission- ary to the Oneida Indians, under the auspices of the Yearly Meeting of Friends ; and traveled much in the service of the Gospel, and on business, until the close of a long and active life. " He was ever a pattern of true hospitality, in word and deed; careful in training his children in strict morality and religion, and ever kind and considerate for the happiness of all under his care and influence. He was active in promoting the settlement of the county with worthy and industrious persons, and al- ways evinced a liberal and forbearing spirit towards every sect and denomination, in the fullest sense of a true ' Universal Christian Benevolence.' " He was returning, 11th mo. 8th, 1853, in his 83d year, from one of his accustomed visits of love and duty, to relatives and friends in and near Philadel- phia, and had reached the house of Noah Rogers, Waymart, Wayne Co., in expectation of being at Woodbourne the following day. He spent a cheerful evening, and retired to rest — and to sleep the sleep that knows no waking here." He was buried at Friendsville. George Walker.— During the years next succeeding the first lauding of William Penn at Upland, now the city of Chester, Pa., in August, 1682, large numbers of the members of the So- ciety of Friends, anxious to leave England on account of the restrictions placed upon religious liberty by King Charles II, sought the hospit- able shores of the New World and made homes within the borders of the Keystone State. Among this number, Lewis Walker, a native of Yorkshire, came, in 1686, and bought from the proprietor, William Penn, a large tract -of land near that section of our State since the Revolu- tion known as "Valley Forge," in the beautiful Great Valley, Chester County. This land has since remained in possession of the family, and it was at one time strongly desired by certain members to hold a bi-centennial reunion of the Walker family at that place ; this, however, was not carried out, owing to the wide scattering of the descendants. Enoch Walker, the son of Joseph and Sarah Walker, a direct descendant of Lewis, was there born on April 13, 1771, be- came a leader among the members of the So- ciety and officiated as a minister until coming to Susquehanna County with his children, in 1820. He married Phebe Miller, who was born in 1770, [and bore George, born February 16, 1798 ; Sarah M. (1799-1874), Priscilla (1802- 1832), Phebe (1803-1832), Enoch (1806-1828). Lewis, born 1807, died in infancy, followed the next month by the mother. Robert C. Walker, at one time Secretary of the United States Treasury, was a cousin of Enoch Walker. George Walker spent his early years on the farm of his father in the Great Val- ley, and was educated at the Westtown Boarding- School, a noted place in early days. His mind inclined to surveying and kindred subjects, and, after leaving school he was placed with John Thomson, the father of Edgar Thomson, the late president Pennsylvania Railroad Company and Joseph Warner, of Philadelphia, to assist in making the preparatory survey for the construc- tion of the Schuylkill Canal, thereby acquiring a practical acquaintance with the profession he has since so successfully followed. In 1820, with his father, three sisters and one brother, he came North and bought land at Lakeside (now the home of James Edward Carmalt, Esq.), eleven miles beyond Montrose, where he entered mercantile business. Two years after, DIMOCK. 377 the family removed to a farm some five miles south of Montrose and also engaged in general trade, continuing the two stores for several years. This place they named " Woodbourne," and about 1824 Enoch Walker was appointed postmaster, his son George transacting the du- ties of the office as deputy. From this time until his death, in 1853, Enoch Walker gave much attention to the tem- perance cause, and advocated leaving off, not only all intoxicating drinks, but tea, coffee and tobacco, on the part of all those professing Christianity. In 1836 George Walker was appointed by Governor Bitner prothonotary and clerk of the courts in Susquehanna County, which position he filled until the passage of the law by the Legislature in 1839, requiring direct elec- tion for such offices. During his term of office he was frequently called upon to act as surveyor and civil engineer, and, in 1838, was chosen as arbitration surveyor to survey certain lands on the Wyalusing Creek, in Bradford County, which had been taken possession of by non-pur- chasers, the title to which was claimed by James Le Ray de Chamont, a French nobleman, who had been compelled to leave France during a revolution, and settled at Le Raysville, Jeffer- son County, N. Y. While engaged in this work he was fired upon by the squatters and forced to leave the field. When the matter was submitted to the •courts, Le Ray's title was confirmed. From that fime he devoted himself to farming and to surveying in Susquehanna, Wayne, Bradford, Luzerne, Wyoming, Lackawanna and Sullivan Counties, and during one summer surveyed thirty-five thousand acres at the head-waters of the Loyalsock and Muncey Creeks, in Lycom- ing (now Sullivan) County, for Joseph P. Morris, Philadelphia, formerly president of the Bank of Pennsylvania, and the grandfather of Dr. W. F. Morris. As surveyor and civil engineer he was engaged in the preliminary work upon the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail- road and Xew York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, and, on request of Judge Asa Packer, made the first survey for the Montrose Rail- way. George Walker has never been a politician. He first voted for John Adams for President, and since that the Whig and Republican tickets. Born a Friend, though not able of late years to associate with the society, he has been a friend to all denominations without regard to sect — a true follower of William Penn in granting liberty of conscience to all professing Christians. In 1876 he sold his farm, " Woodbourne," to Dr. W. F. Norris, of Philadelphia, who had visited him the previous summer. For over forty years he acted as agent for Philadelphia parties, for several thousand acres of land, lo- cated in Susquehanna, Wayne and Bradford Counties, and through his judicious sales of land, brought many families to settle upon those tracts. In 1832 Dimock became a separate civil body. Two years later, in 1834, the taxables wers as follows : Jacob Ainey. John Ainey. Walter Allen. Eufus Allen. Benjamin Blakeslee. Lucius Blakeslee, Merick Blakeslee. Luke Blakeslee. Leland Blakeslee. Avery Bolles. George Blakeslee. Samuel A. Brown. Lake Bronson. John Bronson. Isaac Babcock. Garret Berry. Samuel Berry. Henry Barkley. Samuel Barkley. Joseph Baker. John Baker. William Baker. William Baker (2d). Stephen Bolles. Andrew Bolles. John Bolles. Julius Beach. George Bagley. Francis M. Babcock. William Burhight. Amos Burdick. Levi Burdick. Theron Beak. Wm. D. Cope. Thomas Carrier. Samuel Curling. John Carmichael. William Ely. Simeon Evans. Charles Eddy. Robert Eldredge. James Eldredge. Orlando A. Eldredge. Elisba Fargo. Nehemiah Lathrop. Dyer Lathrop. Solomon Lathrop. John Lathrop. James Lathrop. Wm. F. Lathrop. William Lawrence. George W. Lane. Hannah Lane. John Lewis. Amherst Lindsley. John McCarey. Isaiah Maine. Henry Mack. Nathan Morgan. Albion Moody. Thomas Miles. Hugh McCollum. Adonijah Moody. Thomas Northrop. Jason Newton. Loren Newton. Thomas Parke. John Pneuman. John Reynolds. Israel Reynolds. John Rosencrants. Philemon Robinson. Perrin Ross. Mark Raymond. Joseph Raymond. Horatio Roberts. Thomas J. Risley. Proctor Risley. George Risley. Joseph Reese, Jr. Philander Stephens. Milton Stephens. Simon Stephens. Hubbard Smith. William Smith. Joshua Smith. E. W. Smith. Richard Stone. 378 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Jason Fargo. Jabez Giles. Thomas Giles. Daniel Giles. Elisha Gates. John Gates. Nehemiah Gregory. George Gates. Richard Gerritson. Libbeus Gavett. Richmond Gavett. Abisha W. Gray. Abijah Gregory. Levi B. Gurnsey. John Goss. Latham Hewitt. William Harkirjs. Israel Hewet. John Howard. "William Hoar. Oliver Heald. Stephen Hazleton. Elisha Hazleton. Gideon Hempstead. Asa Lathrop. Reuben Spencer. David Stout. George Stout. Preston Tiffany. Dalton Tiffany. William Tucker. Sylvanus Tyler. Moses Tyler. Royal Tyler. Mason Tingley. Jacob Vosburg. John Woodhouse. Enoch Walker. George Walker. Randall Wilmot. Cyrus Whipple. Stephen Woolsey. Gordon Williams. David Young. George Young. Andrew Young. John N. Young. William Young. Davidson Young. Saw-mills were owned at this period by James Lathrop, Amos Burdick and Elisha Fargo. Asa Lathrop had a grist-mill. The blacksmiths were Gideon Hempstead, Jacob Ainey and Rufns Allen. William Smith was the wagon-maker, and William Young the tanner. John Baker was the inn-keeper. In 1836 the Register mentions Julius Beach as an enterprising farmer who has done much for the introduction of the mulberry into the county. He presented to the cabinet of the Montrose Lyceum a skein of beautiful silk (white) — the first silk manufactured in the county. (The morus multimnlig fever was at its height in the county three years later.) From a newspaper of the period we take the following : " Mr. Avery Bolles, of Dimock, in the fall of 1835, procured a kernel of a superior kind of seed wheat, sowed it separately, and in August, 1836, gathered the product and laid it aside. A few days ago he shelled it, counted the kernels, and found them to number one thousand one hundred and ninety-eight." Dimock Village, the most important busi- ness point in the township, is on the corner of the old State road, running east and west, where it crosses the Wilkes-Barre turnpike. From this circumstance it is sometimes called "Dimock's Four Corners." It is also a station on the narrow- gauge railroad. The location is pleasant, but its nearness to Montrose has acted against its be- coming a place of great size or business activity. It contains Baptist and Presbyterian Churches, a public-house, three stores, a good school-house and more than one hundred inhabitants. " About 1819 a number of emigrants, mostly from England, settled at what is now Dimock Corners, which they called New Birmingham. Among them was Thomas Bedford, said to have been wealthy, and to have furnished his reputed brother-in-law, Thomas Emerson, the funds to erect the hotel now standing on the corner. A Mr. Hicks opened a store, and a Frenchman by the name of Major, a cabinet-maker and a local preacher, also erected a house, and carried on business. After a few years most of them sold out and left." 1 The hotel had a large sign giving its name as the " Birmingham House," and was for many years preserved as a curiosity. The hotel was sold to Joseph Baker, who was succeeded by his son John, who kept it until about 1860. On the breaking out of the war Captain Elijah B. Gates left the tavern to enter the service, and was succeeded by Philander S. Babcock. The house became the property of T. B. Williams and was placed in good repair by him. Among the later landlords have been X. H. Sherman and Thomas Dolan. A second public-house was opened in an old building remodeled for this purpose, before 1837, by Caleb Barnes, and was kept by him a few years. F. M. Babcock, G. W. Lewis, John Foster, Lyman Sherman and J. J. Thompson followed, when it was given over to private use, remodeled and is now the residence of T. B. Williams. Before the building of the Delaware and Lackawana Rail- road both those houses enjoyed a large patron- age. April 13, 1818, a post-office was es- tablished, called Sprinc/ville Four Corners, though the office itself was kept nearly a mile from the Corners, on the next hill north, by John \V. Robinson, who afterwards sold to Win. D. Cope. The house was the one for which Asahel Avery had made preparation ; it was burned in 1830, when Mr. Cope lost with it the most of his furniture. "Woodbourne" post-office was a continuance of this, Enoch Walker, postmaster from 1824 until 1830, when it was removed to the Corners, receiving the old name, and Perrin Ross was 1 Miss Blackmail. DIMOCK. 379 appointed postmaster. He kept the office in his residence in the Major house, opposite the hotel, where later lived Dr. Dennison. January 14, 1833, the name was changed to Dimock, and December 28, 1833, John Baker was appointed postmaster, and kept the office at his hotel. In 1854 he was succeeded by George W. Lewis, who removed the office to the place kept by him, the lower hotel. Since that time the appointees have been, in 1861, Elisha B. Gates; October, 1861, A. N. Moody; 1862, Philander S. Bab- cock ; 1863, J. W. Carrier ; 1864, Alfred Miles; 1874, Daniel T. Handrick; 1885, Harvey T. Allen. The office has daily mails. In addition to those already mentioned as merchants, Richard Stone had a good store in a large double house, where S. A. Crocker now lives, about 1 830-36. He built the store-house which was occupied by L. H. Woodruff after the latter period. The latter came from Brad- ford County, but had previously been a teacher in Binghamton. After trading here about thirty years, he removed to Wilkes-Barre. That building was afterward occupied by G. W. Struppler, who traded several years. Next came Harvey Allen. The building was burned down January 1, 1884, and the present building was erected on its site by the occupant of the store, Harvey Allen. George Stevens opened a store in the opposite corner about 1840, and sold to Benjamin Thompson, who built the resi- dence adjoining. Here have traded a large number of persons, the last occupant being N. F. Hines, in 1886. A third stand was established by Hiram Blakeslee, who is still there in trade. For a time he also manufactured clothing. Henry Babcock was in trade in the house now occupied by Charles M. Tingley, and M. G. Shoemaker was at the Wilber shop. As practitioners of medicine, there have been at this place Dr. Ben Adam Dennison, about 1830, who died in Dimock ; Dr. A. C. Blakes- lee, a number of years, and with him for a time Dr. P. L. Brush ; Dr. J. E. Barnes was in prac- tice at a more recent period, remaining about five years ; and Dr. N. C. Mackey, Dr. Foot, Dr. Freeman and Dr. Gulick remained shorter periods. Joseph Ainey was an old-time blacksmith, and in more recent years C. C. Mills carried on wagon-making quite extensively. The spacious shops he erected are not fully occupied at present. East Dimock post-office was established June 9, 1862, and George L. Williams was the postmaster. He was succeeded by George C. Giles. The office was intended to serve the Parkvale section of Dimock, and was kept part of the time in Brooklyn township, near that locality. It was discontinued July 16, 1883. Elk Lake is a post hamlet in the north- western part of the township, seven miles from Montrose, and has a fine location south and west of the lakes. It contains several mills, shops, a store, a good school-house and about a dozen residences. The post-office wasestablished August 31, 1842, with the name of Elk Lake, and Charles J. Lathrop was the first postmaster, who kept it in his store, near the mills. He was succeeded by Orrin F. Fargo, November 1 3, 1850. On the 1 5th of December, 1855, the name was changed to Lathrop Lake, and William F. Lathrop had the office until April 19, 1861, when Philander A. Stephens was appointed, and the post-office again took the name of Elk Lake, which it has since retained. Stephens kept the office at his house several years; then it was removed to the store, at the Corners, where it yet remains. He was suc- ceeded as follows : in 1866, by William A. Kel- logg ; 1867, William M. Crane; 1874, George Stephens; and since the fall of 1885, Marion E. Griffis. The office has a daily mail, on the Auburn route to Montrose. C. J. Lathrop was an early merchant, selling goods several years prior to his having the post- office near the mills. In 1847 Wilson Bard started a store in a building which was changed into a residence for the miller. J. H. Hall and Justus Hickox also traded in a small way. Justus Smith, in 1856, removed to Springville, and was the last at the mills. About 1865 W. A. Kellogg opened a new stand near the Corners, south of the lakes, but, two years later, sold to Leabody & Crane. John Leabody followed, and was succeeded by the firm of Leabody & Stephens. On the death of Leabody, George 380 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Stephens became the sole owner and traded until 1884, when he sold out to Marion E. Griffis, the present merchant. On the outlet of the lakes is the site of the old Lathrop Mills, which have been operative the past eighty years. The present mill was built soon after 1830, and has had many owners, among them being Searle & Lathrop, W. A. Kellogg, Fargo & Lathrop, Wells & Bard, E. & F. Fargo, John Young, Young & Woodruff, and the present, J. G. Cart. It is still quite a good custom mill. The saw-mills on the stream, above and below the mill, are not now in opera- tion. The upper mill, last owned by E. Fargo, was moved to .Rush, where it was carried on by George Fargo. The lower, or Lathrop mill, has been abandoned. South of the Corners, on the Auburn road, a steam lumber-mill was erected, half a dozen years ago, by J. Estes, who sold one-half interest to Edgar Burdick. Soon after, the latter dis- posed of his interest to Byron Allen, and the establishment is now carried on by Estes & Allen. It contains machinery to cut lumber, shingles, to plane, and to grind feed. Five men are employed. Near the head-waters of White Creek, in the southwestern part of the township, Sylvanus Tyler put up a saw-mil], which was operative until 1856, when it was removed to make place for one of the best flouring-mills in the county. Both saw and grist-mills were now operated by water and steam-power, and much business was done. In October, 1883, the property passed into the hands of Jefferson and Francis Dough- erty; but the mills were burned down in 1884, and a small feed-mill only now occupies the site. Small saw-mills in this locality have been abandoned. On the Meshoppen, in the southeastern part of the township, the water-power was improved in the early part of the century to operate saw- mills, which were owned by the Parke family. The country in this section remaining heavily timbered, the water-power was constant, and the place was deemed a good site for more extensive mills. The prospect of having the narrow-gauge railroad built up this valley added to this view and encouraged the Honorable Ben Parke to build the finest ilouring-mill in this part of the State. The mills were completed in 1868, at a cost of $30,000, and included first- class milling machinery, saw and lath-mills. The water was carried to the mills through a trunk four feet in diameter and six hundred feet long. The enterprise appears to have been fated to ill-luck from the beginning. Soon after the trunk was completed, part of it was swept away by a freshet. The railroad was built to the west of the mills ; the patronage was not large enough to make the investment a paying enterprise, and other circumstances prevented the proprietor from realizing his anticipations. He sold the Parkevale property, including the mills and a large tract of land, to George Keiser. In April, 1882, the mills were destroyed by fire, and the dam was afterwards torn away. In 1886 there was nothing to distinguish Parke- vale from ordinary farm property. The locality has romantic surroundings, and while the resi- dence of the Parke family, was one of the best- known spots in the county. On the Meshoppen, near the Brooklyn line, mills are operated by Eugene Lathrop; and other mills on this stream have passed away. On the outlet of Cope's Pond, whose power had been increased by dams, two saw-mills were operated as the property of John W. Robinson, and were located but a short distauce apart. Lower down the stream was a saw-mill owned by R. Gavitt and Samuel A. Brown, which was later the property of Marcus Hinkley. An earlier mill had been carried on by Preston Tiffany. Soon after 1810 a man named Ely had a carding-mill on this stream, taking the water directly from the falls. The machinery was removed, but the building still stands on the E. T. Tiffany farm. The Hinkley mill, on this stream, was first gotten in operation about 1820. Educational and Religious.- Aside from the interest manifested in common schools, Dimock has had several schools of a higher order, which were well attended and deservedly popular. The oldest of these was Woodruff's Academy, established at Dimock, prior to 1850, by L. H. Woodruff, and conducted by him as a private enterprise. He was himself a success- DIMOCK. 381 ful educator, and taught a few years, occupying a building which had been erected for this purpose. Subsequently young men from college taught, the last instructor being his son, Clar- ence Woodruff. After this the building was used as a public hall, but it has recently been changed into a tenement. Prior to the late Civil War the Literary Society of Dimock erected an academy building twenty-two by forty feet and two stories high, in which select schools were taught by B. M. Stone, William H. Baker, H. V. Thompson and others. By arrangement with the trustees of the building, one room was used for public schools, which have been continuously taught in that building since 1860. The Literary Society consisted of fifty-six members, each owning one or more of the five-dollar shares, which created a fund to erect the building and maintain the school. I. P. Baker, B. M. Stone and others were elected trustees, and the prop- erty is now held in trust by Judge Baker, the society for many years having only a nominal existence. There were, in addition to the schools in this building, lectures and literary meetings, which moulded and educated public opinion. The upper room of the building forms a hall, in which religious meetings are now held. It is probable that these schools were at least the indirect means which led many of the young men of the township to engage in pro- fessional occupations ; and, as a result, Dimock has furnished a larger number of lawyers and doctors, in proportion to its population, than any other township of the county. Among those claimed either as natives or as citizens, who engaged in these avocations, are the following : Physicians: I. B. Lathrop, of Springville ; E. L. Blakeslee, of Montrose ; Biley Blakeslee, of Harford; Riley Blakeslee, of Philadelphia; John G. Woodhouse, died at Laceyville ; Thos. Harkins, of Iona ; A. C. Blakeslee, of Nichol- son ; Albert Ainey, of Brooklyn Centre ; David Ainey, of New Milford ; Addison Newton, of Illinois ; Jonathan Miles, of Lackawanna Coun- ty; Edward L. Brush, of Springville; William Dolan, of Scranton; John Dennison, of Wilkes- Barre; Frederick Dennison, of Mehoopany. Attorneys: William Ainey, of Allentown ; William Wells, of Pottsville ; E. L. Blakeslee, of Montrose ; Nahum Newton, deceased ; Miller Allen, of Montrose; Elhanan Smith, of To- wanda ; Clarence Woodruff, of Scrantou ; and William M. Main, who had finished his studies as a law student, but died before being admitted to the bar. The township also claims Judge Wilmot, on account of his residence in Dimock for a short period. The Dimock Baptist Church was organ- ized June 3, 1834, by a council composed of delegates from the neighboring Baptist Churches. Eight males and seventeen females entered into membership, nearly all having letters of dismis- sion from the Bridgewater and Auburn churches. Jonathan Miles was chosen deacon and Elijah B. Slade clerk. Five days later, June 8th, the church received its first addition of membership, when Elder J. W. Parker baptized a number of persons, among them being Mason Tingley, later and for many years a deacon. Then came as preachers at occasional periods Elders Davis Dimock, J. W. Parker, J. D. Jones, J. B. Wor- den, Elijah Sturdevant and others. Elder Jon- athan Melvin was the first settled pastor, com- ing in June, 1841. Successive ministers of the church have been Elders P. Frink, James D. Webster, Isaac Cray, J. W. Parker, J. M. Barns, H. H. Gray, Wm. Tower, Harvey Kingsbury, John E. Barns, T. F. Clancy. In March, 1867, Elder A. L. Post commenced his ministry, giving the church full time, and con- tinued his service until his death, in 1879. On the 1st of April, 1880, Elder J. A. Eldred entered upon a pastorate which continued a little more than two years. In 1884-85 the pulpit was vacant, but there was occasional preaching by supplies. Since May 1, 1886, Elder S. W. Cole has been the pastor on part time, serving also the church of Auburn. Though there have been so many ministerial changes, the church has had quite a large aggre- gate membership, about one hundred and fifty persons in all having belonged. The present membership is seventy-three, and the affairs of the church appear to be in good condition. Besides Jonathan Miles, the deacons of the church have been William Baker, Mason Ting- 382 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ley, E. G. Baker and Alpheus Burdick. The latter is the present deacon, and has served the church twenty-two years, being for a long time a contemporary of the venerable Deacon Tingley, who, being incapacitated by age, was succeeded in 1875 by.E. G. Baker. The clerks of the church have been, in the order of their election, Elijah B. Slade, Adoni- jah Taylor, Mason Tingley, D. B. Smith, E. M. Tingley, Alonzo "Woodhouse, Urban Smith, M. K. Tingley, and Philip D. Burdick since Nov. 14, 186!*. The church edifice at Dimock was begun by the people of that community without reference to denominational distinctions, each contributor receiving stock in the building. In 1851 members of the church secured the unfinished building, and through the efforts of DeacoD Tingley it was completed for the use of the Baptists, though open to all sects for funeral purposes. It is a plain, almost square, two- story building, and, having galleries in the sides, has ample seating capacity. In 1886 it was in a fair state of preservation. The early Baptist meetings of the township were held in the vicinity of Elk Lake, and embraced a num- ber of attendants who did not become a part of the membership of the present church. The Presbyterian Church of Dimock. — A preliminary meeting having in view the organization of a Presbyterian congregation at Dimock was held Aug. 19, 1854, when it was decided to form a church Sept. 16, 1854. At the designated time the following persons were enrolled as members, most of them having withdrawn from the Montrose Church for this purpose : L. H. Woodruff, Jacob Wallace, Wm. B. Dean, Robert Foster, Charlotte Beach, Caroline Thompson, Eunice Bolles, Helen Bolles, Eliza Scott, Catherine Wallace and Nancy G. Maine. Meetings were held in the academy building, and April 16, 1855, nine trustees were elected, when the congregation became an incorporated body, with a view of building a house of wor- ship. Various causes acted to prevent, and the congregation became so weak in the course of a few years that, at a meeting held Aug. 10, 1865, but six members attended. Jacob Wallace was elected treasurer and L. H. Woodruff secretary. In 1 868 there were ten members in good stand- ing, and E. W. Woodhouse and wife joined at a meeting held this year, when L. H. Woodruff was elected a ruling elder. The Rev. Harrison preached occasionally and was followed by the Rev. George Spaulding. The organization of the congregation not having been kept up, it was again incorporated, with the present name, Nov. 17, 1870, to erect a church edifice on one acre of land, which had been donated for this purpose by L. H. Woodruff. The trustees se- lected were E. W. Woodhouse, A. W. Maine and J. M. Wallace. In 1871 the present edi- fice was erected, and was thereafter used as the regular place of worship. It is a neat frame structure with a shapely spire, and in 1886 was under the control of Trustees T. B. Williams and Jacob Wallace. In 1873 the Rev. Arthur Folsorn became the stated supply and continued several years. Edward W. Woodhouse and Asa Dewey were elected elders, but removed, and in 1886 the congregation had no elders and but half a dozen members. The affairs of the church sadly need reviving. Methodist meetings have been held in Dimock almost since the period of its settlement, but no house of worship has been provided nor a per- manent organization established. Near the cen- tre of the township several classes have existed for a period of years ; but, yielding to the in- fluences produced by the changes of population, they have gone down, to be revived at some fu- ture period. The present class was organized in 1875 by the Rev. H. G. Harned, preacher in charge of the Springville Circuit, with twenty-five members, and H. F. Newton class- leader. Meetings were held in the Presbyterian Church at Dimock until the spring of 1886, since which time they are held in the Literary Academy building. Norman E. Travers is the present leader of the class, which has twenty members. The members continue to be a part of Springville Circuit. At Elk Lake an appointment was taken up during the pastorate of William Shelp, and while the Rev. F. A. Doney was the preacher in charge, in 1876, a great revival occurred, continuing for a period of six weeks, and re- DIMOCK. 383 suiting in eighty conversions. In July, 1876, a large number were baptized and added to the church, and meetings have since been regularly held. The school-house has been supplied with a pulpit and an organ, which are the property of the 'class, which meets there for preaching services every two weeks. The mem- bers number twenty-four, and belong to Rush Circuit. A Sabbath-school of fifty members is maintained. Near Dimock Station are the camp-meeting grounds of the Wyalusing Camp-Meeting Asso- ciation of the Methodist Episcopal Church — a body which became incorporated August 15, 1877, on the petition of the following persons : I. P. Baker, C. S. Gates, H. Crocker, Jr., G. W. Sterling and A. W. Tiffany. The association has thirteen directors who control its affairs. The capital stock is limited to twenty thousand dol- lars, divided into shares of ten dollars each. The grounds were located in 1875, and consisted of twenty-three acres, about twenty acres being shaded by young and thrifty trees, on a gentle hillside. Here is an unfailing spring of pure water, and other natural advantages make it a desirable location. The grounds have been improved by the erection of two hundred and forty cottages, a chapel thirty by fifty-eight feet, and a new boarding tent. The meetings are held annually for a period of eight days and are occasions of great interest. The cemeteries of Dimock are located with reference to the convenience of the different sections of the township, and are small plots of ground, preserved and improved by the people living in their neighborhood. The land for the one at Dimock was donated by Mason Tingley. Other burial-grounds are in the northeastern part of the township, at Elk Lake, and in the southwestern part, in the Tyler neighborhood. John L. Lake. — His grandfather, John Lake, of Hunterdon County, N. J., had an ex- tensive business as auctioneer, was a farmer and a prominent politician and served as sheriff of the county. His father, Abraham (1796-1874), married Susan Garrison (1793-1861), was a farmer and a large dealer in horses and stock. He was reputed to be a good judge of horses, and his opinion was sought in their sale by men far and near. He removed with his family to Knowlton township, Warren County, N. J., where he purchased a farm, which, with the as- sistance of his sons, he cleared of debt. Sub- sequent to the removal of his son, John L. Lake, to Dimock township, this county, he also settled here, where he died. The Garrison family were settled near Phillipsburg, N. J. The children of Abraham and Susan Lake are Elizabeth, born in 1819, wife of Jacob J. Beck, resides at Hainesburg, N. J. ; John L., born in Hunterdon County, September 20, 1828 ; Wil- liam G. (1822-60) was a farmer in Auburn township, this county, where he died ; Mary Jane, born 1825, is the wife of E. L. Cool, a farmer in Bridgewater; Rachel, born in 1827, the wife of Ira K. Raub, a farmer in Spring- ville; Dian (1830-54); Abraham (1832- 48) ; Isaac G. (1834-82) was a farmer and stock dealer in Bridgewater, and was acciden- tally killed. One of his sons is of the firm of E. C. & M. L. Lake, merchants at South Montrose. John L. Lake rendered great assistance to his father in paying for his farm in Warren County, and in early life learned the necessity of indus- try and economy, the sure road to a successful business career. He had limited opportunities for obtaining an education from books in boy- hood, but became inured to hard work and gained practical lessons therefrom. In 1856 he came to Susquehanna County, and purchased one hundred and six acres of land in the south- west corner of Dimock township, to which he has added until he is the owner of four hun- dred and twelve acres, nearly all in one tract. He bought the Newton saw-mill, on White Creek, in 1878, which he has conducted since. Naturally taking to the stock business, he began in 1876 buying stock, and marketing in the coal regions, and subsequently in New York, Scranton and Newark. He has been succeeded in this business by his son, William L. Lake, who buys and ships large herds of stock from this county, Buffalo and other places, to New York and other Eastern markets. Mr. Lake, with the assistance of his sons, manages this large farm successfully. He has been active in local politics, and has served as supervisor and 384 HISTORY OF SUSDQEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. path-master for over twenty years. He is tem- perate in his habits and never tasted either liquor or tobacco. He is prompt in business matters, and known for his integrity in all the relations of life. He married Joanna Hay in 1861, who died ten years afterward, leaving three children— William L., George M. and Charles H. Lake. His wife was a daughter one child, Jacob B. Stephens, and for her second husband, she married Alfred L. Eisley, and re- sides at Springville. B. L. Brush. — The first representatives of this family in Susquehanna County settled in Oakland township in 1820, came from Connec- ticut and founded the settlement known as Brushville. Lewis Brush, one of the sons Je <£, iLsfr/fcc of Peter and Susan Hay, of Warren County, N. J., who settled at Auburn Corners, this county, about thirty-five years ago, and were farmers. His second wife, whom he mar- ried in 1873, is Mrs. Mary C. (Eaub) Vough, who was born October 5, 1829. She is a daughter of Michael (1792-1869) and Mary (1796-1863) (Read) Eaub, who were farmers near Blairstown, N. J., where the family of Eaub have resided for several generations. Her grandfather, Michael Eaub, was a soldier in the Eevolution. Mrs. Lake had one child by her first husband, Mary, whose first hus- band was Minor Stephens, by whom she had located for a time in Bridgewater township, in the Watrous district, and thence removed to Dimock in 1838. He was a Eepresentative to the Legislature during 1843-44 for the district composed of Susquehanna and Wyoming Coun- ties, and received his nomination from the Democratic party. He subsequently served as justice of the peace for many years, and his judgment and counsel were accepted and relied upon. Hon. Lewis Brush married Lucy Ann Williams, also from Connecticut stock, who bore the following living children : Dr. Piatt E., who studied medicine and practiced several years successfully ; was a surgeon during the DIMOCK. 385 Rebellion, and now resides at Springville; Bruce L., born 1 838, subject of this sketch ; Helen M., married T. B. Williams, Esq., of this township ; Eugenia, married Theodore Baker, of Dimock township ; Moselle, married, first, James Rymer, aud, second, a Mr. Will- man, now living at Jermyn, Pa. Mr. Brush died in this township in 1866. Bruce L. Brush obtained a good education from books in the district schools, the Montrose Academy, account of physical disability. In 1860 he bought the farm beautifully located between the two Elk Lakes, and in 1878 erected the present home. A farmer, he has given but little attention to other matters than the science of farming, though he has been somewhat ac- tive in the laudable Grange movement aud Odd-Fellowship. His fellow-townsmen have recognized his stanch and honorable character bv election to various offices, and he has accept- f the Harford Academy and the Woodruff Acad- emy, in his native town, under the tuition of Hon. William H. Ainey, now of Alleutown. He afterwards taught in the district schools several winters and worked upon his father's farm during the summer seasons. When the first draft of men for the war was made he was one of those upon whom the lot fell, and ex- pected to be engaged for the next nine months, but on reaching Harrisburg, was exempted on 25 ably served as school director, constable, assessor and supervisor. When the Montrose Railway project was under way he gave the right of way to the company through his portion of his de- ceased father's home farm, and has always exhib- ited an interest in matters of public improvement. He married, January 7, 1863, Sabra A., the adopted daughter of David and Sabra (Smith) Young, born 1840, and has children, — Viola A., the wife of C. W Stedman, a farmer of 386 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Rush ; and Lizzie P. The other children of Mr. and Mrs. Young were Edward, Mary and Henry, the latter of whom is now a resident of Washington Territory. The Young family is of Scotch-Irish descent, and settled in what is now Dauphin County, Pa., at an early date, and came to Susquehanna County in 1815. The late ex-Sheriff' John Young was a cousin to David Young. Judge I. P. Baker. — His grandparents, John and Hannah Baker, were natives of and resided in Chester County, Pa. Their son Joseph (1768-1837) married Elizabeth (1769- 1843), a daughter of William and Deborah Baldwin, who bore him the following children : John, born in 1788, married Emily Johnson, who resides in Dimock township, being now in her eighty-fifth year; Deborah, born in 1790, married Amos Baldwin, of Chester County; Hannah, born in 1791, wife of Abraham Bailey, of Dimock township ; William, born in 1793 ; Mary, 1794, became the wife of Lewis Bailey, of Chester County; Joseph, 1797; Eli, 1799; Eliza, 1801, married Samuel Woodward, of Brooklyn township ; Margaret, 1802, wife of Ezekiel W. Harlan, of Mauch Chunk, Pa.; Julia, 1804; Elizabeth, 1806; married George Gates, of Dimock, now in his eighty-ninth year; Abeline, 1810, is the wife of Urbane Smith, a justice of the peace in Dimock; and Judge Isaac P. Baker, who was also born in Chester County, February 7, 1812. Joseph Baker was a thorough-going and enterprising business man, and while a resident of Chester County carried on a grist-mill, saw-mill and nail-factory on Brandywine River, until the great flood came and destroyed his entire property, even washing away his books and papers. In 1821 he purchased some three hundred acres of land at Dimock Four Corners, this county, and the following spring removed thence with his family, excepting his eldest daughter, Deborah, who remained in Chester County. He largely improved this property while good health lasted, but a stroke of paraly- sis made him an invalid for several years before his death. His mother was a niece of Daniel Boone, and the family is of Quaker origin. Isaac P. Baker, the youngest child, remembers attending school at the old log school-house several miles distant from their home, to which he walked through woods and over streams. Upon reaching his majority he spent one year in boating coal from Mauch Chunk to Philadel- phia, and was often brought in company with the late Judge Asa Packer, who began the same business at the same time. Returning home, he managed his father's farm for two years, and in 1837 he began buying cattle in various parts of the State and driving them to Eastern Pennsyl- vania markets for sale. This business proved to be his principal life-work. He continued to buy stock in Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio for market in the eastern part of this State, and for about five years was associated with Squire Urbane Smith, and during the last few years shipped them by carloads from Buffalo and central points in Ohio until 1872, when he retired from the business and located on the farm which he had all these years heretofore carried on himself. Here he resided until 1884, when, being succeeded on the home property by his son, Theodore H., he settled at Dimock Four Corners, where he has since re- sided. Judge Baker has been an active busi- ness man, and, together with his other affairs, was a promoter of the Montrose Railway. He early took an interest in political circles, was a member of the old Whig party, and upon the organization of the Republican party, in 1856, was one of the first to advocate its principles and assist in its formation. Notwithstanding his large business operations in the West, he has invariably exercised the right of suffrage at home, and strenuously upheld as a leader, by every honest measure and reasonable effort, the principles of reform in the Republican party. In 1861 he accepted the nomination of his party for associate judge, was elected and, with the late Judge Charles F. Read, served for a term of five years. He sat on the bench with Judge Mercur for four years, and with the late Judge Farris B. Streeter for one year. Together with his wife and many others, he became a member of the Baptist Church at Dimock dur- ing a series of revival meetings held there in 1841, by Elder A. L. Post. He married, in 1839, Annis H., a daughter of William G. and £./*Aa~- DIMOCK. 387 Elizabeth (Carrington) Handrick, of Middle- town, this county, who was born August 15, 1814, a woman well known for her intelligence, hospitality and womanly virtues. Their chil- dren are Elizabeth M. (1842-68), was the wife of L. W. Hamlin, of Salem, Wayne County, Pa.; Theodore EL, born in 1844, married Eugenia B., a daughter of the late Hon. Lewis Brush ; Lillie A., born in 1847, is the wife of Dr. Lee Hollister, of Wilkes-Barre; Isabella E., (1851-64); William J., born in 1853, married Ida, a daughter of Friend and Hannah Hol- lister. William Bunnell. — His paternal grand- father, James (1768-1841), a native of Litch- field County, Conn., married Azuba Carter (1768-1816) ; was a blacksmith by trade and died in Southeast Bridgewater, this county. Their children were Ephraim K. (1798-1881) died in Bridgewater; Avis (1800-82) married Daniel Landon and resided in Susquehanna County at one time and died in New York State; Elijah (1803-72); Dotha, born in 1810, married a Mr. Tooley and resided in Tennessee, where she has a large family ; James A. (1813- 86) settled in Dimock in 1849, where he died thirty-seven years afterwards ; Lucy, born in 1805, the wife of Charles Farnham, resided in Massachusetts; Matilda (1807-53), wife of Harry Stone, resided and died in Litchfield County, Conn., where also Samuel Bunnell (1816-84), the youngest child, lived and died. Elijah Bunnell married Lucy (1804-64), a daughter of Apollos and Eunice (Throop) Stone, of Litchfield County, who were of Scotch origin. Their children are Kirby, born 1827, a farmer in Bridgewater township ; William, born February 27,1829; Dotha Ann (1831-38) and Trumau S. (1834-38)— both died of an epidemic, scarlet fever, the same year ; Lucy J., born 1836, married Henry Rogers, now of Lawrence, Kan. ; and Harry, who died young. Elijah Bunnell came to Susquehanna County in May, 1833, driving through by the New- burg turnpike, and settled on the farm where his son Kirby now resides. He was known as a great hunter, and supplied his table largely with choice wild game, besides disposing of his surplus meats to his neighbors. He ran in debt for his farm, from which he was only re- leased after twenty years of industry and toil and the hearty assistance of his sons. William Bunnell was four years old when his parents settled in Bridgewater. In youth he was a close student of books and completed his education under Dr. Lyman Richardson, at Harford, and under Elder Gray, at Montrose Academy. He was a teacher for two winter terms, but from 1854 to 1858, as a traveling salesman, made a series of tours through Mis- sissippi and other Southern States. On Decem- ber 21, 1858, he married Mary J., a daughter of Isaiah (1785-1858) and Polly (Williams) Maine (1792-1878). Her father was in the War of 1 81 2, and came to Dimock from Groton, Conn ., in 1818, settling where his son, I. A. Maine, now resides. His purchase being made under the Connecticut title, he was compelled to pay for a second time. The children of Isaiah Maine are Alanson, a retired farmer at Dimock Cor- ners ; Isaiah A., a farmer in Dimock ; William (1820-41) read law at Montrose, but died be- fore being admitted to the bar; Thomas, a farmer in Dimock, died in 1 883 ; Mary J., wife of William Bunnell, whose children are Alice (1860-86); Lucy Jane, a graduate of Mansfield Normal School, is a teacher in Bridgewater ; Fanny L. and Willard M. Bunnell. Mr. Bunnell has been a farmer and a merchaut ; he has been prominent in local politics ; was a War Democrat and has served his township in various capacities offici- ally. In 1880 he espoused the principles of the Greenback party, and advocated measures adopted by both branches of Congress in 1862, whereby all money furnished by the govern- ment should be a legal tender for all debts, both public and private. In the fall of 1881, in company with T. B. Williams and S. J. Northrop, he established the National Record at Montrose, which was devoted to the Green- back sentiment. He took charge of the outside work until the patronage of the paper reached eighteen hundred subscribers. Mr. Bunnell sold out his interest in the newspaper in the fall of the same year. He was one of the early promoters of the Grange movement in the county, one of the men 388 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to bring about its resuscitation, and is an active member of Susquehanna Grange, No. 74. He was one of the promoters of the Montrose Railway and was active in the establishment of the Farmers' Institute, in 1886. Mr. Bunnell has been frequently invited to deliver addresses upon various topics, and his earnest advocacy of the principles of his theme, his wide range of thought and common-sense ideas have won for him no little consideration among his fellow- men. James A. Bunnell, son of James and Azuba Bunnell, owned the Hoar farm, and spent the remainder of his life there after settling in Dimock from Connecticut. He was born in Litchfield County, and his wife, Mary Ann Hall, born in New Haven County in 1815, sur- vives, in 1886, residing with her children. The eldest, Frederick Hall Bunnell, was born in Waterbury, Conn., January 12, 1840; Robert O. is a farmer and carpenter in Dimock ; Ly- man W., also a farmer in Dimock ; and Wel- come L., a farmer in Springville. Frederick H. Bunnell was nine years old when his parents came to Susquehanna County. He was raised on the home farm, and obtained his education at the district school and at the Dimock Academy. For three terms he was a teacher. In 1863 he went to Chicago, and on September 1, 1884, enlisted at Grand Rapid?, in Company A., Twenty-first Michigan Regiment of Infantry. He was first employed in an Engineer Corps on the hospital buildings at Lookout Mountain, and subsequently sent to Alabama under General Rosseau. Returning to Chatta- nooga, his regiment (Twenty-first Michigan) was ordered to Dalton on guard. After one week there they marched to Atlanta, Ga., where they arrived in November, and found the city on fire. Here they were assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, under General Sherman. The next day they started through Georgia, went to Savan- nah, and threw up breastworks, but the city having been taken by the navy, and Fort McAllister surrendered, they marched into the city without fighting, on December 21st. In January they left and marched through Lexing- ton and Columbia, then on fire, and were en- gaged in the battles of Adairsville and Benton- ville in March, where they lost seventy men. On March 24th Mr. Bunnell was detailed to serve as hospital guard at division headquar- ters, which position he filled until the war ended. He was discharged at Washington, June 8, 1865, and went to Detroit, where the regiment was disbanded. Returning home, he married, the same year, Harriet, a daughter of Jacob B. and Catherine (Sherman) Wallace, by whom he has children, — James Wallace, Francis Elmer, Let- tie Mary, Irene Estella, Byron Bruce and John M. Bunnell. The fourth child, Kirby, died young. Since the close of the war Mr. Bunnell has been a farmer in Dimock. He was one of the char- ter members of Susquehanna Grange, P. of H, and its first regularly initiated member, and has been identified with the Grange movement since. He was elected Overseer of the Pomona Grange in December, 1885, the same month elected Master of Susquehanna Grange, and on June 1, 1886, he was appointed by the State Grange Deputy of the south part of Susque- hanna County. Since holding the office he has organized Elk Lake Grange, No. 806, with twenty-nine charter members, and in December, 1886, reorganized Union Grange, No. 152, with thirteen members. By virtue of the last two offices he is a member of the State Grange. CHAPTER XXIV. SPRINGVILLE TOWNSHIP. This township was erected in April, 1814, out of the southwestern part of the old township of Bridgewater. At the same time the south- eastern part of that township was erected into the old township of Waterford (including La- throp and Brooklyn), which became the eastern boundary of Springville. The northern limits of the new township extended within five miles of Montrose, including the greater part of what became Dimock in 1832. Wyoming County lies south, and west were Auburn and about one mile of Rush, until after Dimock was SPRINGVILLE. 389 erected, when that township became the northern boundary of Springville, whose area was now reduced to about thirty square miles — six miles along the Wyoming line and five miles north and south. " At different periods since the erection of Susque- hanna County there has been more or less disquiet among the residents remote from the seat of justice, and those of Springville have been of the number. As early as 1839 the matter of annexing Springville and Auburn to portions of Luzerne and Bradford, to form a new county, with Skinner's Eddy for a county- seat, was openly agitated. Again, in 1842, it was only vigilance on the part of some that prevented their loss to Susquehanna, when Wyoming County was organized. To this day there are those who con- tend that the township, for half a mile within its southern border, belongs of right to Wyoming, since the line dividing them is the unrectified one of 1810- 12. This should have been due east from Wyalusing Falls, and was so run by the surveyors going east ; but the party from the east line of the county, on account of some variation understood by surveyors, failed to meet those from the west, being considerably south of them. The matter was finally compromised by making the line not "due east and west," as directed. This had so long been acquiesced in, and farms and town arrangements were so well established in 1842, it was concluded best to make no changes." 1 The lands of the township are elevated and slope well towards the south, the general level being broken by high ridges along the water- courses. Most of the streams drain southward, the principal one being Meshoppen Creek. It enters the township at the northeastern part, and, after taking the waters of Pond Brook, passes out of it east of the centre. In the southwestern corner White Creek passes into Auburn, draining that part of the township. In all parts of Springville good springs abound, and in the eastern section there are several small lakes or ponds. The streams have enough fall to afford mill-sites, but lack the volume to make the operation of machinery profitable. The low lands are limited, but in several sections the uplands are handsomely located, and, having a soil naturally fertile, some of the finest farms in the county have there been made since the timber growth has been removed. The higher parts were once covered with beech, maple and 1 Mies Blackman. hickory, and the hillsides and lower lands with elms, basswood and hemlock. But few pines and scarcely any oak were found in the town- ship. The cereals do well, but dairying has become the principal occupation of the people. The Pioneers. — Not possessing so many inviting natural features as some other town- ships in the county, settlements in Springville did not antedate the century. The first clearing was made in the fall of 1800, near where the Presbyterian Church was afterwards built, by Captain Jeremiah Spencer and his sons, who put in six acres of wheat. He was a native of New Hampshire, and had served in the Revo- lutionary War, but lived in Rensselaer County, N. Y., prior to his coming here. Captain Spencer and his brother Samuel had come to this section to survey a township six miles square, for Oliver Ashley, of Connecticut, who had bought such a tract of land of the State, for a half-bushel of silver dollars, and to which he gave the name of " Victory." On an old map such a township appears, having an irregular shape, whose southern line ran near where is now the hamlet of Lynn. It embraced in the main what is now Springville township and a part of Auburn. The family of Captain Spencer came in 1801, and consisted of his wife (who was a sister of Judge Ashley), sons named Daniel and Francis B., and five daughters. Captain Spencer died in ] 825, aged seventy-five years. He was interred in the cemetery for which he donated the land, as were also some of the members of his family. Francis B. Spencer lived at Springville, being the first postmaster at that place, in 1815, and was well educated for those times. He died at Factoryville, Jan- uary 1, 1869. Daniel Spencer was widely known as a great hunter, aud some remarkable stories of his skill are related. " Hazard's Register contained a notice of Daniel Spencer's wonderful pound of gunpowder, entitled, 'Susquehanna County against the world!' 'In the early settlement of this county, Mr. Spencer, of Springville township, killed, with one pound of pow- der, one hundred and five deer, nine bears, three foxes, one wolf, three owls and a number of partridges and quails. Mr. Spencer has killed upwards of fif- teen hundred deer since he came to reside in this county.' 390 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. " The following is the testimony of one of his former neighbors : ' He was out one day in the fall of the year, when the bucks frequently get into a family quarrel, as in this case. He found two lusty bucks that had been fighting, and in the battle their horns, being long and prongy, became locked together so firmly that they could not be separated by any effort they could make, and one of them died either in the battle or by starvation, and the other had dragged his dead comrade around until he was just alive and had become a mere skeleton.' " The road from Colonel Parke's to Springville Hollow was opened in 1803 or 1804 by the Spencers. Previous to that, only marked trees and a bridle-path had guided the traveler to the Susquehanna Eiver at the mouth of the Meshoppen." Samuel Spencer, the brother of Captain Spencer, bought five hundred acres of land in the present Lymanville neighborhood, south of the Connecticut township of Victory, for which he paid Colonel Jenkins, of Wyoming, a horse and saddle. Returning to New Hampshire, Spencer sold this land to his brother-in-law, Gideon Lyman, of Wethersfield, Conn., for five hundred dollars, but who did not occupy it until 1803. In March of that year he came, with his wife and eleven children, and made a temporary home on the place which afterwards became the farm of Justus Knapp, on account of its nearness to Captain Spencer, who re- turned with them from the East, where he had been on a visit. As soon as he could prepare a house, Gideon Lyman moved his family to the land he had bought of Samuel Spencer — to the locality which has ever since been known by his name. Owing to his generosity while on the way hither, in relieving a friend pressed by a creditor, Mr. Lyman had only fifty cents in his pocket when he reached his destination. The house he occupied was built by felling basswood trees, splitting them open, and laying them up with the flat side inward. It was probably eighteen by fourteen feet, and had to accommo- date thirteen persons through the summer. The roof was made of white ash bark, but the floor was of the same material as the sides of the building. Two barrels of pork constituted the stock of provisions, and Mr. Lyman was obliged to go to Exeter, near Wilkes-Barre, and sell a horse to get grain for bread. This left him only one horse. He sold a bed to buy a cow. To crown his discouragement, he found he held a worthless title, and had eventually to buy of Mr. Drinker, recovering nothing of what he had paid in good faith to the claimant under the Connecticut title. But he had been a soldier in the Revolutionary army, and was not easily daunted. His first house was built about ten or twelve rods from one of the most bountiful springs in our country ; but this was so concealed by laurels that he had lived upon the place several years before it was discovered. Subsequently he built nearer it, and the house is now occupied by his grandson, James H. Lyman. The spring supplied him, and many of the neighbors, with an unfailing stream of pure, cold water during protracted drouths. Here he lived until his death, in May, 1824. His children all lived to old age, and all but one " were present at his funeral. His sons were Elijah, Gideon, Joseph Arvin, Samuel, John and Prentiss. Elijah is still living (September, 1869), in Allegany County, N. Y., aged eighty-seven. His sister, Dolly Oakley, is eighty-five. Gideon, a twin with the latter, died when fifty-five years old. Naomi Spencer died when sixty-nine ; Samuel when seventy- one ; Joseph Arvin in his sixty-second year. The five others are living, the youngest being seventy-one." Having such a large family, and being so far removed from the sources of supplies, with few means to procure what was obtainable, the Lymans suffered many hardships, which were shared by other families in this locality. " One summer there was a scarcity of bread. A crop of rye was growing, and as soon as it was full in the head it was cut in small quantities, and When dry, was taken out of the straw, cleaned, and set before what was called a Dutch fireplace, and kiln-dried ; it was then ground in a coffee-mill, the hopper of which would not hold more than a pint, then sifted and made into something called bread. "Gideon Lyman one Sabbath morning, searching for his cow, found some raspberries; anything so gratifying and exciting he did not think it right to tell his wife during holy time, and so waited until evening, when custom closed its observance. His wife was then unable to sleep for joy. In the morn- ing, pails of berries were secured. " A few years later Mrs. L. and a young woman SPEINGVILLE. 391 set out with a lantern one evening, to go about a mile and a half to watch with a sick neighbor. Starting from a house where they had been visiting in the afternoon, they lost their way, and spent the night in the woods. A brisk snow-storm added to the unpleasantness of the situation, but they made a fire, and as they had a hymn-book, they passed the time in singing hymns. In the morning they pro- ceeded on their way and crossed a wolf's track in the snow before they reached the small stream which they followed to their destination." 1 In 1801 Ezra Tuttle, a neighbor of Gideon Lyman, came and settled on what afterwards became known as the Packer farm, north of Captain Spencer. Pie had bought three hundred acres of land under the Connec- ticut title, paying one dollar an acre therefor to Colonel Ezekiel Hyde, of Eush ; but to per- fect the title he was obliged, afterwards, to pay the Pennsylvania claimant, Henry Drinker, an additional five hundred dollars. He built the first frame house in the township, and he and his sons cleared up two hundred and fifty acres of land. They also constructed a large part of the turnpike from Montrose to Tunk- hannock, in 1815, and opened other roads in the township. Some of his other early im- provements are also well remembered. His death occurred in 1826, and he was interred in the cemetery near the homestead. His son Myron was the first child born in Springville. and after residing here many years he removed to the West in 1846. Of the other six children composing the family, two were sons and four daughters. The latter married, — Sylvia, Wells Carrier; Sabina, Benajak McKenzie; Betsey, Samuel Sutton; Achsa, George Strickland. Benoni Tuttle, one of the sons, died in the township many years ago. Abiathar Tuttle, the other son, and the oldest of the family, was thirteen years old when his parents came to reside in Springville. He became a carpenter, and helped to put up many of the buildings occupied by the early settlers. In later life he resided on the farm now occupied by John Tut- tle, north of Springville village. For more than sixty years he was an exemplary member of the Methodist Church, and also became a Free and Accepted Mason at an early day. He 1 Blackmuu. died March 7, 1879, at the advanced age of ninety-one years, having retained his physical and mental powers to the last. He was interred at White Haven, Pa. In 1800 Salmon Thomas came from New Hampshire, made a small clearing, sowed wheat and returned to his home. In 1801 he came back, accompanied by his father and brother Charles. Both of the former took up one hundred acres of land on the hill southwest of Spring Hollow. The sons being single, lived with their father, Samuel Thomas. In 1805 Salmon married Rosalinda, daughter of Ezekiel Lathrop. They reared sons named Reuben, Benjamin, Dennison, Salmon, Davis (still living on the homestead) and Edwin. Charles Thomas married Phoebe Sutton and settled on a farm adjoining the homestead. Their children were seven sons and one daughter, namely: Eri, Francis, John, George, Charles, Daniel, Almeda, and Samuel S. The latter is a resident near Lynn Station, and is a teacher of more than thirty years' standing. Samuel Thomas, Jr., a brother of Salmon and Charles, came at a later day, and after living near the north line of the township some years, removed to Connecticut. Hon. Asa Packer, son of Elisha Packer, of Groton, New London County, Conn., was born in that town on- the 29th day of December, 1805. As soon as he was old enough to do for himself, a situation was pro- cured for him in the tannery of Mr. Elias Smith, of North Stonington. In the year 1822, when but seventeen years of age, he set out on foot, with a few dollars in his pocket and his worldly goods comprised in a knapsack, for Susquehanna County, Pa. Here he appren- ticed himself to the trade of carpenter and joiner in Hopbottom, (now Brooklyn). While so engaged, he went with his employer to Springville, to build the mansion of the late William Drinker, Esq. on the place recently occu- pied by Thomas Nicholson, Esq., and since pur- chased by Mr. Packer himself. It was here also that he first met the daughter of Zophar Blake- slee, Sarah Minerva, who afterwards became his wife. He heard of the Lehigh Valley as affording greater remuneration for labor, and superior opportunities for advancement. He 392 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was induced, therefore, to remove thither, and in the spring of 1833 located at Mauch Chunk. He brought to his new home but a few hundred dollars, his capital consisting rather of his active mind, strong arms and industrious habits. His first and second summers were spent in boating coal from Mauch Chunk to Philadelphia, himself acting as master of his own boat. The energy and capacity which he displayed while thus employed commended him to the favorable notice of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, with whom he after- wards formed a profitable connection, which lasted a number of years. He subsequently formed a partnership with his brother under the firm-name of A. & R. W. Packer. They did a large business at Mauch Chunk, took contracts for the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, and were the first through transporters of coal to New York market. In 1851 Judge Packer purchased nearly all the stock of the Lehigh Valley Rail- road, and afterwards became its president. Under his management the road, in connection with vast coal interests, became a great success, and Mr. Packer became the wealthiest man in the State. He was twice a member of Con- gress, Democratic candidate for governor in 1859 and undoubtedly elected, but counted out in Philadelphia. He founded the Lehigh Uni- versity in 1865, assisted very materially in building the Montrose Railway in 1871. He died May 17, 1879. (For further account see Lehigh and Carbon history.) Blaksleb. — Zophar, Benjamin and Aaron Blakslee came from Connecticut in 1801 and settled in Springville. Aaron, 1 the youngest (1784-1859), settled where H. K. Sherman resides, north of Springville, which was his home until his death. He married" a sister of Freeman Lane. He was a leading member of the Methodist Church, and contributed largely to the erection of the church edifice at Spring- ville. His house was the welcome stopping- place for itinerant clergymen. He had two sons — Erasmus Darwin (1818-47) and Rev. Geo. H. Blakeslee (1817-76), the latter a Meth- 1 This branch of the family spell the name BlakeBlee. odist minister, thirty-five years a member of Wyoming Conference, married the daughter of James Cargill, of Jackson. His daughters were Mariah, 1812, widow of Dwight Risley, now residing in Springville ; Angeline (1813- 70), married Charles Keeney, of Braintrim ; Eleanor, 1822, married A. D. Woodhouse, of Springville ; Miranda (1828-81), married Oscar Marsh, and after his death became the wife of Stephen Clark, of Carbondale. Benjamin lived and died in Dimock. One son of his, Lyman, resides at Lynn, whose daughter is the wife of James M. Jeffers, a merchant of that place. Another son is Hiram, of Dimock. Zophar Blakslee (1776-1836) occupied the hol- low now covered by the village of Springville until 1829, when he subsequently removed to near the Auburn line and settled on a farm, where he died. His widow remained on this homestead for nearly thirty years after his death. His first wife was Clarinda Whitmore, who died prior to 1810, leaving children — Lucius, a merchant and contractor, who lived and died in White Haven, Pa.; Sarah Minerva became the wife of Judge Asa Packer, of Mauch Chunk ; Hannah was the wife of Charles Ashley, of Springville, and died on her way to California; Clarinda married William Baker; and Fanny was first the wife of Caleb Barnes, of Springville, and after his death married William Cooley, of Auburn. His second wife, Abigail Taylor (1777-1864), bore him children —James I., born in 1815, president of the Montrose Railway, trustee of the Packer estate, and a prominent railroad and coal man, resides at Mauch Chunk ; Benjamin Franklin, March 3, 1820 ; William W., a merchant at Wetherly, Pa.; Lucinda, the wife of Abram Luce, resides at Lynn; Eunice, wife of John Crellin, of White Haven, Pa.; Gibson lived and died on the homestead ; Eliza, first the wife of Franklin Griswold and second of Lafayette Safford, of Auburn ; Marion is the wife of Charles O. Skeer, of Mauch Chunk; Lemuel, born May 3, 1831 ; and Betsey Mariah, married Lyman G. Cogswell, of Lynn. Benjamin F. Blakslee was sixteen years old at the death of his father, and took charge of the home farm until he reached his majority, SPRINGVILLE. 393 when he purchased a part of it, and there car- ried on general farming until 1874. At this date he settled at Lynn, where he has since re- sided and continued the management of his farm. Although his opportunities for book- knowledge were limited in boyhood, yet his home training and early farm experience gave him practical ideas of a business life. In com- mon with other citizens, his desire for an outlet by railroad to the county-seat, connecting with lines reaching to the sea-board, whereby the products of this section of the county might be placed in the best markets, led him to be one of the first to agitate the subject of a railroad con- necting Montrose with the Lehigh system. When the matter assumed practical shape, he was made one of the executive committee at the first meeting held at Montrose for the organiza- tion of the Montrose Railway, and was one of the board of commissioners prior to the election of directors. He was sole solicitor for stock for the new road along the route and elsewhere, col- lected the same, and to his persevering efforts in both of these departments may be largely attributed the success of the enterprise. He has 26 been a director of the road since its organization. Mr. Blakslee has taken little interest in politics, save to exercise the right of suffrage, yet has served his township as supervisor and collector. He married, in 1840, Eliza Mack (1818-75) a daughter of Elijah Mack, an early settler of Brooklyn. Their children a^e Edward M., a farmer and merchant at Lynn, the mercantile business .being a partnership under the firm- name of Greenwood & Blakslee ; Sarah A., first married Samuel Tyler, of Dimock, and after his death married William Low, of Auburn ; Mary L. is the widow of the Rev. Wm. H. Gavitt, a Methodist clergyman and now residing in Springville ; Lucy M., wife of J. Cokely, of Springville ; and Dore and Lizzie, dressmakers, residing at Lynn. For his second wife, Mr. Blakslee married, in 1878, the widow of Charles H. Silkman, a lawyer of Scranton, formerly Mary E. Rogers, the daughter of Noah (1794- 1855) and Lucy Bidwell (1805-74) Rogers, who were early settlers of Waymart, Pa. This Noah Rogers was a prominent and influential cit- izen of Wayne County, and one of the projectors of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad. Mrs. Blakslee has been an earnest worker in the church and Sunday-school since the age of fourteen, has written religious articles for publication, and essays to read in public. She has fine musical talent, having composed several pieces of music, and for many years was a successful teacher of instrumental music. In 1857 she was organist at the Adams Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, and twenty years after at the Park Place Methodist Episcopal Church, both of Scranton, Pa. She has three sons — Warren D. and Lewis P. Silkman, and Franklin A. Blaks- lee. One of her brothers, A. N. Rogers, since 1865, has been superintendent and general agent of the Bobtail Gold-Mining Co., of Cen- tral City, Colorado. Another brother, William E. Rogers, M.D., was a practicing physician in Scranton (1856-60), but most of his time since 1861 was spent in the Eastern States. He died in Concord, N. H., in 1886. Lemuel Blakslee, youngest son of Zophar Blakslee, was five years old when his father died, and at the tender age of eleven years left the parental roof and went out into the world 394 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to carve out a home and competence for him- self. From that time until seventeen years of age he worked out by the month. He then took his first trip from home, visited Mauch Chunk, and saw for the first time the operations of coal-mining. The next year he returned to that place, and for two years worked for his brother-in-law, Asa Packer. For one year fol- lowing he farmed it in Jessup, when, upon reaching his majority, he began working at the carpenter's trade, which he continued until six years after his marriage. In 1856 he built a house on his own account, on the homestead, for his mother, and there himself resided also until 1862. For two years following he farmed it in Auburn township. For six years there- after he resided on the Packer place, in Dimock ; owned a farm at Kasson Corners for one year, and then purchased one on the Montrose and Tunkhannock turnpike, known as the " Porter place," which he still owns, adjoining the vil- lage. Mr. Blakslee has always exhibited a commendable enterprise, and he has evidenced his public spirit in several instances to the benefit of his fellow-townsmen. The depot building at Springville is owned by him, which he erected in 1876, and his prasent residence, on the west part of the Porter farm, near the depot, he built the year following. He also laid out and opened the street known as Depot Street, and donated the land upon which the graded school building is erected, situate on that street. He has been station agent at Springville since 1877, and during the con- struction of the road assisted in building its water-tanks. Depending upon his own re- sources from boyhood, by self-reliance and a laudable ambition, he has, by honorable methods, made a competence for himself and family ; and besides his present property, is a half-owner with his brother, James I., of the Asa Packer place, one mile northwest of Springville. He married, in 1855, Charlotte Lane, who was born in Springville March 15, 1837. She is a daughter of Thomas (1791- 1852) and Sarah Harkins (1794-1880) Lane, who resided one mile northwest of Springville village. Sarah Harkins was the daughter of Jeremiah Harkins, who was an early settler in Springville. Thomas Lane was the son of Gershom Lane, who settled in Springville about 1808. The children of Thomas Lane are Rou- etta, 1820, wife of Joseph Bramhall, of Wyoming County ; Hannah, 1824, married Jackson Lewis, of Bradford County ; Clemen- tine, 1829, wife of Aaron Bunnell, of Wyom- ing County; Anna Maria, 1833, wife of Lucius Williams, of Newark "Valley, N. Y. ; and Charlotte Lane (Mrs. Blakslee). Lemuel and Charlotte Blakslee's children are Jessie M. ; Louise E. ; Robert L.; Sarah M., who died young ; James A. ; Lottie C. ; Marion C. ; and Kate H. Blakslee. Haevby K. Sherman. — His grandfather, Christopher Sherman (1758-1835), was a native of the island of Rhode Island, where he mar- ried Patience Childs. He was by occupation a farmer, and served as a soldier in the Revolu- tionary War. Their children were Jonathan Childs, Hiram, Jesse and Abel. Of these, Jesse settled in what is now Jessup, and raised a large family. He afterwards removed to the State of Indiana, where he died. Abel also came and settled in Jessup, reared a large family, SPRINGVILLE. 395 and resided there until his death. Jonathan Childs Sherman was born in Portsmouth, R. I., October 30, 1785. When about twelve years old his parents moved to Washington County, Vt. Here he learned the trade of a cloth-dresser, at which he worked until 1809, when he came to Bridgewater (now Jessup), and purchased a tract of two hundred acres of land, upon which a small clearing had been made by Elisha Griffis. drick, late of Springville; Lillis (1816-40); Avilda (1818-52), was the wife of Ralph S. Birchard, late of Jessup. In 1823 he married, for his second wife, Comfort (1795-1872), daughter of Luther and Amy Kallum, born in New London,Conn ., from which place her parents removed to Bridgewater (now Forest Lake), where she married Mr. Sherman. Luther Kal- lum was a soldier of the Revolution. Their ^6 %J3le^^ tL-irJ Here he remained until fall, cleared up a piece of land, put in a crop, erected a log house, and then returned to Vermont, where he worked at his trade during the winter. In the spring of the following year he married Abigail Cornell (1792-1822), and with his bride came to their wilderness home in Jessup, and commenced housekeeping amid the discomforts and priva- tions of pioneer life. They had children — David C. (1811-85), who for a number of years resided in Jessup, but afterwards removed to Bradford County, Pa., where he died ; Rebecca S. (1814-78), was the wife of William B. Han- children are Harvey K., 1826 ; Amy A. (1827- 70), was the wife of Andrew Blaisdell, late of Montrose; Comfort C, 1829, widow of Nelson Bolles, late of Jessup; Samuel H. (1830-64), resided in St. Louis, and enlisted under the first call of President Lincoln for troops; Ruth, 1832, wife of Chester Wright, of Forest Lake ; Perry C. (1834-62), was a member of Com- pany H, Fourth Pennsylvania Reserves, and was killed at the battle of Charles City Cross- Roads June 28, 1862; Mortimore O., 1836, now residing in Colorado. In 1811 Mr. Sher- man was commissioned by Governor Simon 396 HISTORY OP SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Snyder a lieutenant of the Seventh Company, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment of State Militia, for four years. In 1828 he was appointed, by Governor Andrew Schultz, a jus- tice of the peace for the township of Bridge- water, which office he held for a long term of years. He was known and designated for many years only as "Esquire" Sherman. In politics he was a Jacksonian Democrat, held the office of collector, and was elected one of the commis- sioners of the county. He was a prominent Mason, and for one or two years Lodge No. 206, of which he was a member, met at his house in Jessup. He left among his papers a certificate and traveling card from the Grand Lodge, at Philadelphia. He died esteemed and respected by his neighbors and all who knew him. Harvey K. Sherman was born in Bridge- water (now Jessup) March 5, 1826. His boy- hood was spent on his father's farm, and he had the usual advantages of the district schools. He remained with his father until he was twenty- one, and then worked out for a year for B. H. Mills. The following year he worked the homestead farm on shares. In 1848 he mar- ried Eunice (1823-51), daughter of Samuel and Eunice Backus, of Bridgewater, Pa. The same year he purchased seventy-five acres of the home farm, and the following year commenced farming for himself, built a barn and made other improvements. In 1853 he married, for his second wife, Amy, 1828, daughter of Asa- hel B. and Melinda Prichard, who came from Connecticut and settled in Springville in 1817. (For history of Prichard family, see sketch of Orrin Prichard.) After his marriage he re- turned to his farm in Jessup, where he remained until 1856 (the year his father died), when he removed to the homestead. After his father's death he purchased it of the heirs and remained on it until 1864, when he sold it to Jasper Run- dell, and came to Springville. Here he pur- chased a farm of one hundred acres, known as the Aaron Blakeslee farm, upon which is still standing the house in which Judge Asa Packer and wife first went to housekeeping. To this farm Mr. Sherman has added sixty-eight acres, erected new barn and commodious out-buildings, and all the appointments of his farm evidence the handiwork of a practical and intelligent farmer. Their children are Earnest P. (1858- 63); Morton R. (1859-63); Edward H.,1865, educated at the district and graded schools, and is now a student at the Mansfield Normal school, in the graduating course. Mr. Sherman has been identified with the Republican party since its organization, and has been active in support of its principles and in aid of its suc- cess. He was a stanch Unionist during the Rebellion, and from his home three young men enlisted and gave their lives to their country — his brother, Perry C, Albert P. Birchard and George Eckhart, while another, Samuel Tarbot, was seriously wounded. He served the town- ship of Jessup as constable and collector and school director for five years, and has served three terms as assessor since coming to Spring- ville. In 1849 Governor Johnson commissioned him a captain in the Susquehanna Troop of the Third Cavalry Regiment of Pennsylvania Mili- tia. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Church of Springville. When the Montrose Railroad was first talked of, Mr. Sherman took much interest in the enterprise, and, with others, was instrumental in securing its successful accomplishment. He is a stock- holder in the road, and has been a member of its board of directors since the company organized. In 1802 Myron Kasson, a native of Litchfield County, Conn., came from Auburn, where he had begun to make a clearing in 1799, but which he exchanged for a tract of land in Springville, which had been purchased by Chester Adams, but not improved by him. This place, located in the northwestern part of the township, Kasson cleared up, and lived there until his death, in 1859, three months after the decease of his wife. He was the father of George and Jabez Kasson, who moved to the West, and of James Kasson, residing on the homestead. The latter is the father of Myron Kasson, of Montrose. Daughters of Myron Kasson the elder married John B. Beardsley, of Auburn, and Lyman Blakeslee, of Lynn. Myron Kasson was one of the most prominent men of the township in his time and also figured in the affairs of the county with credit to his townsmen and honor to himself. SPRINGVILLE. 397 In 1802 or 1803 Reuben Spencer, a brother of Jeremiah and Samuel, came to Springville, but died in 1804. The same year Eunice Spen- cer became the wife of Abel Marcy, of Tunk- hannock, which was the first marriage in the township. With Reuben Spencer came Daniel Brewster and Aaron Avery, who became dis- couraged in the course of a few years, and fear- ing starvation, removed to New York. Avery afterwards came back and remained in the township many years. In 1 803 Frazier Eaton and family came, set- tling in the northern part of Springville, and the following year Thomas Cassedy, wife and two children settled in the neighborhood of Capt. Spencer's place. In 1806 Pardon Fish, Ebenezer Fish and John Bullock, with their families, came from Saratoga County, N. Y., and found a temporary home in the house which Gideon Lyman had occupied just below Capt. Spencer's, in the sum- mer of 1803. They soon after secured more comfortable homes, and most of them became permanent settlers. Pardon Fish, Sr., died in the township, after 1850, in his ninety -ninth year. Descendants of the family are still in Springville. With this company came Justus Knapp, at that time in his seventh year, who remained in the township continuously until his death, in December, 1870. He had a family of nine children, — five sons and four daughters, — most of whom died before their father. The last son was killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. Jus- tus Knapp was for many years a justice of the peace, taking that office in 1846. When he came to Springville the improvements at Mon- trose consisted of two log houses, and of the set- tlements south, to where he located, he said, in 1870,— " There was a log house near where the Widow Is- bell now lives, accupied by Dr. James Cook ; the next house south was Roberts' ; the next what is called the Eaynsford house ; the next Deacon Wells' and Deans' ; the next was where Friend Hollister now lives, near the north line of Dimock township, that being the last place where we stayed overnight till we arrived at our place of destination. " Near Dimock Corners Captain Joseph Chapman lived ; the next house was occupied by Martin Myers ; the next by Benjamin Blakeslee ; the next by Frazier Eaton ; the next by Samuel Thomas ; the next by Ezra Tuttle ; the next by Captain Jeremiah Spencer." Aaron Taylor, a native of Connecticut, set- tled on the Susquehanna in 1796, but, in 1806, came to the southwestern part of Springville, having a farm on the turnpike. He was the father of Aaron Taylor, Jr., who afterwards settled in the Kasson neighborhood. The same year Wells Carrier came to the township. In 1807 Jeremiah Rosencrants came from the lower part of the State and made a clearing in the township northeast of Spring Hollow. He was married to Sally Strickland, whose family came a few years later. They had sons named Jeremiah and Samuel, and daughters who married Abiathar Tuttle, Renoni Tuttle and Oliver Gray. Steicklands. — Jonathan Strickland, Sr., came from Waterbury, Conn., in 1808, and settled on the Meshoppen Creek, in the eastern part of Springville, the present residence of his grandson Theron, where he died in 1816, his wife, Susanna, having died the year previous. Two of his sons stopped at Easton, Pa. ; another son, Jonathan, Jr. (1773-1853), mar- ried Polly Sutton (1772-1866), sister of Samuel Sutton, Sr., an early settler of Springville, and in 1812 came from Russell Hill, Wyoming County, and settled on the farm where Samuel Shook now resides, with a family of eight chil- dren. Two of his daughters also resided in Springville ; one married Samuel Sutton, Sr., and the other was the wife of Jeremiah Rosen- craut. His youngest son, Sylvester, came with the parents to this homestead. 1 Sylvester Strickland (1791-1876) married, in 1811, Rachel Taylor (1792-1868), daughter of Obediah and Rhoda Taylor, the former of whom died in 1830, and the latter in 1855. Sylvester was pleasant and genial in his manner, social in his disposition, rather easy-going in business matters, but possessing sound judgment and discretion. His wife was a woman of great strength of character, sterling sense and strong mind, yet possessing the kindest of hearts and an affectionate disposition. She was a great worker, and the trials and discomforts of a 1 The political affiliations of the Strickland family to the present gen- eration have been with the Whig and Republican pajties.* 398 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. pioneer life were met with an energy and zeal that have left their lasting impress upon her children. She was the counselor of the family and neighborhood, and "Aunt Rachel," as she was called, died respected and beloved by all who knew her, and her wise counsel and ad- vice was remembered and followed long after her decease. Their children were Harriet C. (1812-79) married Calvin Rogers, of Spring- ville; Ezra, born July 19, 1814; Isaac (1816) children) ; John, 1822, married Mary C. Kint- ner, has a family and is a farmer, residing in Springville; Alfred, 1824, now residing in Kansas ; Philander, born March 3, 1826 ; Ruth Ann, 1827, wife of Elder P. T. Maryott, a re- tired Baptist clergyman, residing in Spring- ville, and their children are Calvin, Hattie, Clifford, Frederick, Philander, Rachel, Vernie and Florence Maryott; Theron, 1830, married Susan Shook, 1843, a daughter of John and m §