CORNELL UNIVERSLTY LIBRARY HR.QM The J^state of L.L. Seaman Cornell University Library D 638.U5W72 3 1924 027 887 821 a ^« Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027887821 At^ nf Am^rtra 0f Ammm frtrt: Jfftftfl ®0Uar0 3efCerBon WxUxwns. Esq. in tmtjttnrtton utttlf Copyright 1918, by Jefferson Williams and "Mayfair" 'Printed in the United States of cAmerica Published December, 1918 i^iiitratt0tt CHyVRLES M. SCHWAB, ESQ., DIRFXTOR GENERAL, UNITED STATES SIIIPPINr, BOARD, EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION. ,) j^ THIS Volume is respectfully inscribed to a citizen who laid aside his private interests in the time of the Nation's need, and set about the work, of bridging the seas; "who, in so doing, liberated our cArmies to the defence of the human family, and became the Moses of his time; iMr. Charles M. Schwab. CONTENTS SOCIETY Foreword America's Allies Co-operative Committee American Red Cross American Red Star Animal Relief . The American McAll Association . American Library Association Campaign American Committee for Training in Suitable Trades the Maimed Soldiers of France ... Aid for Destitute Belgian Women and Children American Women's Hospitals .... American Committee for Devastated France, Inc American Committee in Aid of the Italian Refugees and Soldiers Crippled in War . ... American Ouvroir Funds .... American Fund for French Wounded American Fund for Belgian Maimed American Students Committee of the Ecole American Field Service Fund . American Defense Society The American Chocolate Fund American Artists' Committee of One Hundred An Army Girl's Transport Tobacco Fund Appui Aux Artistes ._ . The Author's League Fund Blind and Crippled Relief Fund Belgian Relief Fund The Belgian Women's Dollar Fund Des Beaux-Arts page 17 39 31 82 85 90 94 117 146 153 184 202 223 233 257 267 271 301 302 168 71 264 106 140 38 XI CONTENTS SOCIETY British and Canadian Patriotic Fund . Blue Cross Fund .... British War Relief Association Banks and Bankers of New York Banks British Red Cross Society .... Brooklyn Women's War Relief Committee Commission for Relief in Belgium Cardinal Mercier Fund Children of the Frontier . The Canadian Club of New York The Circle for Negro War Relief . Carnegie Foundation . ... Children's Tin Box Fund .... Dollar Christmas Fund for Destitute Belgian Children Duryea War Relief . . The Emergency Aid of Pennsylvania Friends of Poland ... Food for France Fund Friends of the American Soldiers at the Front Fund for Our Wounded Actors The French War Emergency Fund French Heroes Lafayette Memorial Fund, Inc. The French Bureau .... The Fatherless Children of France Gifts for Belgian Soldiers The Jewish Welfare Board Jewish People's Relief of America Joint Distribution Committee . The Knights of Columbus Kitchener Memorial Fund kolophon The Lafayette Fund . Lord Roberts Memorial Workshops Fund Le Paquet Du Soldat .... Mayfair War Relief ... page 143 177 231 252 274 303 119 120 141 17s 185 214 298 191 135 304 182 41 43 58 139 142 156 187 237 188 59 193 299 lOI 265 315 108 297 196 98 Xll CONTENTS SOCIETY The Mayor's Committee on National Defense of New York Mercy Committee of New Jersey National War Work Council .... The National Marine League of the U. S. A. New York Stock Exchange .... National American Committee National Americanization Committee . The Navy Relief Society National Special Aid Society . National Allied Relief Committee . National Security League Our Boys in France Tobacco Fund . The Patriotic Service League . The Polish Children's Relief Fund of the Women's League in Poland Patrons and Patronesses Permanent Blind Relief War Fund Refugees in Russia The Roumanian Relief Committee of America Rainbow Division Welfare Association . The Rockefeller Foundation . The Salvation Army War Work Special War Relief Work Secours Franco-American .... The Serbian Aid Fund Stage Women's War Relief .... Secour National Fund for the Relief of French Women and Chil dren and Belgian Refugees The Treasure and Trinket Fund The War Babies Cradle . Women's Overseas Hospitals, U. S. A. . Woman's Naval Service, Inc. . War Camp Community Service . The Young Men's Christian Association The Young Women's Christian Association . page 170 195 55 88 109 178 229 259 261 307 312 186 189 212 215 160 69 65 67 291, 73 118 133 180 198 200 235 63 136 138 207 45 220 3T0r^ttt0ri HON. NEWTON D. BAKER, SECRETARY OF WAR. ci?= >i- FOREWORD ;HE Voluntary Aid of America has been prepared for the purpose of perpetuating the names of organiza- tions and individuals who have rendered conspicuous service to the nation and to humanity in connection with the needs arising from the World War. It has been undertaken with the records before us of great preceding wars, which records deal very properly and necessarily with the achieve- ments of the fighting forces, of naval and military heroes, and with the leaders of nations and armies. The omission in such records of the past of reference to volun- tary aid is significant of the fact that the part it played was looked upon as negligible. The omission, then, becomes an admission in that it provides one of the best evidences that any time ofifers of an advance in human standards, an advance which will be the more clearly perceived when years shall have set the events of today in a clearer perspective. To be sure the visitor from another planet, viewing the late carnage among nations, might, and mundane crit- ics may view this statement as over optimistic; nevertheless, brutal as the strife has been, certain of the attendant features have been incalculably better than those of any previous wars, and, while the new horrors it has served to make the world acquainted with have revolted us, the new forces which have come into play to mitigate them have been still mightier to thrill and to stimulate. That the spirit of willing service is the most precious and most potent asset a nation may have has long been an axiom. Poets have sung its value. Governments have decorated and posterity has [17] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA cherished the memories of great individuals who have served hu- manity's needs voluntarily; but nowhere in history is a force to be traced such as that which has spoken in the great nation-wide vol- untary aid of America, which has hastened, uncompelled by any law save that of pity, of loyalty, to the support of the Government during the present crisis. The tocsin that summoned the nations of the earth to arms startled a world immersed in the pre-occupations of peace. The Hague conventions had lulled them into this state, which is not sur- prising when the pages are turned that record the agreements ar- rived at between civilized nations, even in most recent years, for the preservation of peace, to lessen the liability to war, and to miti- gate the horrors arising from it. In consequence of these agree- ments, the world at large, and the non-military United States in particular, was unprepared for the great draft which was to be made so suddenly upon its sympathies by the wounded, by those who shortly were to face destitution, and by the unparalleled condi- tions arising from a new kind of warfare. From the time of the Early Tartar wars. Governments engaged in battle have cared for the victims of war by conscripting the wealth of their citizens, thus making it compulsory upon the non- combatant to minister to the needs and sufferings of him who fought. This practice, however, with the growth of democracy, has ceased; and, whilst men who enjoy the benefits of the country may be conscripted to fight for its defence, if not sufficiently patri- otic to seize the opportunity to do so as a privilege, property rights and those of wealth remain unmolestable. The American non-com- batant may do what his heart dictates as to his own possessions. But the law-makers who have left him so free have builded better than they knew ; for, that the American heart needs no compelling laws to cause it to open wide when distress calls, that it is, indeed, one of throbbing patriotism, true, to its innermost fibre to the higher claims of humanity, alert to serve, swift to assuage, un- stinted in its capacity to give, is the great lesson which the world has learned throughout this long, strenuous war. With the evidences she has given it that her men are as brave and her women as kind as any, the United States of America [18] T HE y OLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA must occupy an honored place in the company of nations. Nor is there Hkely to arise a doubt as to where Americans will stand when human rights are infringed or national liberties men- aced. It will be remembered, for all time, that when war's challenge reached her, her people hastened as one to lay aside their vanities to put off their frivolities, each one hurrying to don his or her uni- form of service, to take up his or her duty, and to place his or her sacrifice upon the altar of the world's need. To paraphrase another, there may be in the future as there have been in the past, differ- ences of opinion as to the efficacy of the machinery through which volunteer aid to the Government has operated; but there can be no difference of opinion in time to come concerning the whole-souled support of the people as expressed in their volunteer aid to the United States Government, and to the afflicted peoples abroad dur- ing this strife. As a unit the nation has placed itself on food rations ; on heat rations, on pleasure rations, and this under no compulsion save the moral one that lay in the suggestion of the Government that in so doing it would be serving the common good of our own and allied nations. In the spirit of eager sacrifice, many of the wealthy among those who formerly rode, now walk, having converted their pleas- ure vehicles into ambulances for foreign service; those who idled have gone to work for the nation. If, here or there, one has shown a disposition to lag, he has been promptly shamed and prodded. Delicately nurtured women, unaccustomed to discipline or to labor, have voluntarily submitted to the first and pledged themselves to long hours of daily work at stripping or rolling bandages or, stand- ing for longer periods in hospitals or canteens, or in warerooms, wrapping, packing food, clothing and medicines for shipment to the destitute over the seas. Scarcely an invalid in hamlet or hospital who has not added her contribution to the great mass of volunteer labor done, in knitting, or in cutting and sewing garments for the stricken in Europe. In every department shop, in every factory, in every large and small corporation, employees have formed into clubs for drilling in prep- aration for the time when they might be called to the colors, or to [19] THE^ VOLUNTARY j^^I D O F A ^^ serve as home defenders. Their fellow-workers, the women, have formed similarly to study first aid, or nursing, after their day's work was done; or, this one to sew, that one to knit or make com- forts for the sick, all, gladly occupying themselves in some form of work for the strengthening of the common cause. In might, then, of numbers, in a very majesty of idealism, and in a tender mercy — above all, in a new spirit of union and of democracy, the American people has united to hold up the hands of its Government and to brace the courage of the world. That they have been nobly led the world acknowledges. President Wilson has been privileged to serve his country at a time and favored by a conjunction of remarkable circumstances when, to serve it well, means the fixing of his name forever among the great names of the world. By this favor of destiny and by the qualities which have steadied his leadership, he will stand not only as a great international figure in the coming Congress of Nations which is to work toward the securing of a permanent peace for the world, but as the greatest amalgamating force in the history of this Republic. In setting Texas shoulder to shoulder with Maine, Washington with Florida, in combining the sons of the many United States and sending them forth as one great military family representing a common cause, a single nation, the President has effectually blotted out sectional prejudices, sectional vanities, sectional-rivalries and has welded what were heretofore loosely bound elements into a solid Union. The great inspirer of voluntary service, under Presi- dent Wilson's leadership, individual States, individual creeds, indi- vidual races and groups have laid aside their projects and purposes the better to throw their strength at this time into the common con- flict for the preservation of mankind. In their capacity for what Matthew Arnold, a half century ago, called "splay-reasoning," the Teutons chuckled as they mur- dered and pillaged, maimed and destroyed, at the barriers they had added to the sea of cowardly mines and of still more cowardly sub- marines. Behind them they felt secure against any movement this country might make. They laughed, especially, because they could not conceive of a truly united people here. Still less could they [20] vrl^V 1 [, "^-^.T?:^ HON. JOSEPHUS DANIELS, SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. TH E yOLUNTARY AID O F AMERICA conceive that in America the soul of a great ship-builder could be so moved, so invaded, so seized by the spirit of patriotic duty, by human pity, that he would voluntarily surrender his private inter- ests in order to lay his experience, his energies, his enthusiasms, and, what was still mightier, his marvellous powers of organiza- tion and of inspiring others — powers that were unmatched by those of any available official in the United States service, at the disposal of the Government. Such a citizen, nevertheless, came forth, solved the great problem of transporting our troops, our nurses, our provisions, our mercy ships across the ocean, and thence, trium- phantly into the War Zone, there to turn the tide of battle, at last, against the oppressors of civilization. In view of the nation's debt to him, in view of the debt of the Allies, all, and with no desire to minimize the enormous ser- vices rendered to humanity by the great company of American industrial and financial leaders, none of whom has been found wanting in these times of test, in the ultimate reckoning Mr. Charles M. Schwab, who has overcome the barrier of the sea, must be named as the first of the nation's great army of great volunteers. The chronicles, biographies, and literary remains of the Amer- ican Volunteers of this era, for it is an era, a turning point in human progress and history, will offer to future generations individual records as great as any that remain of the Crusaders of the Middle Ages. They will tell how the heads of prosperous business houses, of banking-houses, left their money-getting to serve as privates in the volunteer army; of judges who have given up their seats on the Supreme Court bench, counting themselves fortunate to be able to do their part for the nations across the seas, at a pittance, even at a sacrifice of a princely income ; of innumerable surgeons, and phy- sicians of soul and of body who gave up lucrative practices and pul- pits to hurry to the battlefield; of lawyers, leaving similarly large, profitable clienteles — armies of men in every rank and department of life. Those who were debarred from regular military service, put themselves eagerly under mihtary discipline and training, to serve when and where the Government might find a use for them, whether as clerks, investigators, or what-not. Many avenues of the Department of Justice were supplied with valuable aids from this [21] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i »m»»»»>tt»» »< »»» ; «»» » m«»»«HtH»»H»t t »»»»»»»«» ii »» i » ii i» i t»m ii ii»» i » mmg great civil army, volunteering; also, many branches of the Censor department, and all, forgetting their personal interests, pledged themselves to continue to serve until the end of the war. No force, no trade, no profession that goes to make up modern civilization has withheld its gift of service. Authors great and small have written, spoken, labored ceaselessly, unstintedly. Art- ists have been diligent in designing posters, cartoons, in camouflage, even merrily giving their time to sign and hut painting. As to the devotion of the volunteer singers and of every class of thea- tre worker, giving, as they have done of their talent and their sub- stance day after day, night after night, the sum total of their gift to the common cause has run far into the millions. Nor has the daily press failed, for it has given freely of its courageous men to the ranks and, not only has it contributed its space to works and workers of war philanthropy, but often at a cost to itself which was not small, has co-operated in ways highly important to the Government. In glancing, even cursorily, over the enormous bulk of volun- teer aid that has been forthcoming at this peculiar time of enor- mous need, aid which has come from every section of the country and from all kinds and conditions of men, it will be seen that the present war has well deserved the name one has bestowed upon it, of "the people's war." It has been, also, the American people's op- portunity, not alone to define itself as a generous nation, a united one, but as a spiritual one ; a nation of ideals and of world signifi- cance. Rising as one man to supply the needs of the afflicted, it has backed its sympathy by soldiers and unlimited supplies. Service and sacrifice has been its watchword, and in its wide and various ministry, the great and the small, the mighty and the mean, young and old, each and all have played his volunteer part. Nothing approximating this eager, universal service has been recorded since the days of the old Hebrews when the people came "everyone whose heart stirred him up and everyone whom his spirit made willing" with gifts of wool, of linen, of gold; and "all the women who were wise-hearted, spun, and the children brought gifts, and "every man into whose heart the Lord had put wisdom and understanding wrought for the service and came up to do it." [22] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA (t»HmnnH»tt»ii ; iiii i »»: ! ; ; ;! i ; ! ;i ;! !in ! »»»»t ; »»» i ii ii i ! i! i; » > n t »» »! »»»» : »i!»mt»»>n t «« ! The Hebrews of the early world vohtnteered for the building of the Temple which was to commemorate their own deliverance from captivity. The American volunteers of this early twentieth century have labored and are laboring for a purpose vastly larger, vastly more altruistic, and, at the same time, immeasurably more enduring and far reaching, namely, the safe-guarding of the peo- ples of the earth against the encroachments of any among them who, in future, may arrogantly dream of a world hegemony. The)^ have been altruistic in that they have merged their effort in such a way that few among them, save the occasional leader will ever know or be known by those in Europe whose ills and needs they have taken it as a privilege to supply and to soothe, and for whose well- being they have labored. When the present time shall come to be analyzed by histo- rians, probably the most notable of all the notable phases of it will be found to lie in the greatest volunteer movement in the world's records, all so wonderfully mobilized, and operating, on the whole, so harmoniously, the leading organized bodies of which have taken on importance as actual Government aids. The marvel of it is that these great war relief bodies aiding the Government in highly im- portant ways, have cost it nothing. By appeal to the wealthy and to the public-spirited citizens at large, they have raised millions for disbursement among the starving and bereft in Europe, and for the operation of their huts and canteens, their "outposts of mercy" in the camps and cantonments and ports of embarkation of the Amer- ican Expeditionary forces, both in the United States and abroad. The special function for which the Young Men's Christian As- sociation, the Salvation Army and the Community War Camp ser- vice groups have volunteered, is the saving of men in our army from war's many moral evils. With unanimous enthusiasm, their aim has been to restore to society, the men engaged in fighting, in even better moral and physical condition than they were when they en- tered the service. Many of the soldiers and sailors from the sim- pler walks of life are being given their first regular school courses during their leisure hours in camp and cantonment ; or, they are completing studies in special fields under instructors provided by the welfare groups. In this way the great volunteer arms of the [23] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA war machinery of the United States are building, in addition to their other War services, human character which must make for better citizenship upon the return of the mihtary contingent to civil life. It is worth noting, in passing, that this great outpouring of service and sacrifice, this wonderful welfare work among the camps, is the outgrowth of the modest work for the betterment of mankind which the London merchant, Sir George Williams, began, not quite a hundred years ago among his own clerks. This first Young Men's Christian Association proved to be a call to the man- hood of the world, and one which was heard in its remotest cor- ners. It has developed into a constantly enlarging chain, which in the last century, added many links to itself, and which, today, has its representation in every hamlet in Christendom and in the Ori- ent, while its symbol, the Red Triangle, is familiar in every fight- ing area, on every battlefield and along every highway of travel in civilization. The original association arose as a corrective of the moral dis- orders and social discontents which followed in the train of the exhausting Napoleonic and Revolutionary wars of the early nine- teenth century. The first function of the first local association was to raise the standards of the demoralized civil population of Lon- don and to build the manhood of its members ; to establish between men a feeling of mutual obligation to mutual service in times of stress and strain. The offices of the organization have extended even further in the last half century, particularly, during the present war, when the effort has been to prevent and, as well, to ehminate the evils which, proverbially, have threatened the moral well-being of the man under arms. During the present conflict the "Y" huts for all soldiers and sail- ors are to be found wherever the fortunes of war deposit the fight- ing forces. Thousands dot the war-scarred stretches of French territory, which provide the men with clean and restful idling places, when idling may be indulged in, offering them beauty of surroundings, even, in addition to good foods and entertainment of a variety to rest the mind and, at the same time to stimulate cour- age. In all its work the organization studies human nature, and [24] TllSimmuuiy.mimn^.^.^.^.mMm m.mmn.nnm.m ., A M E R I C_A takes it into accotmt. Through its thousands of secretaries, serv- ing, generally, without salaries, though supported as to shelter and food by the association, the "Y" stays at the young soldier's side up to the very battle line, represented, generally by an "elder broth- er" secretary, who stands ready to perform a brother's offices wherever the need arises. The welfare volunteer work, which is shared by the sturdy Roman Catholic organization, the Knights of Columbus, and the Jewish Welfare, has assumed, then, at this special time, the respon- sibility of "stiffening the morale" of the inexperienced soldiers for their work across the sea. It has a secondary purpose, to sustain the courage of the families of the soldiers, at home, by the assur- ance which the presence of the welfare men upon the battlefield gives them. These volunteers are pledged to throw their ministra- tions into the balance wherever the need arises. They serve some- times, to get warm foods to the soldier, sometimes to bind up his wounds ; to say a prayer beside the dying, or to take a last message to those at home. Sometimes their labor is shrouding the dead; but, happily, and thanks to modern science and to the efficient and sufficient corps of volunteer nurses, it has lain, oftener, in making the living merry. Practically every sect and every house of worship in America has sent its own volunteer welfare workers across the sea, in addi- tion to opening rest and hostess houses in our own cities for the young soldier in transit or encamped, and his people, who visit him. No word short of wonderful can describe the spirit of broth- erhood which has developed to meet the present need among min- isters, priests, rabbis, and independent religious workers at the front. These, serving the general good have forgotten their dif- ferences of creed and have gone forward to watch over or to aid wherever help has been required, or works of mercy waited to be done. And to support it all, widows go on giving their mites and the wealthy their millions. Little, if any, of the vast sums that have poured in for the support of this welfare work has gone to waste in red tape. Its great bulk has been administered through the safe offices of the Red Cross, a mention which brings into con- [25] THE V^^ sideration, very naturally, the volunteer work of the massed Wom- anhood of America. The Red Cross, because of its many kinds of services, espe- cially to the sick soldiers, has taken on a new name during this war, that of "the Greatest Mother in the World." Though the enormous business of the association is under the control of dis- tinguished financiers volunteering the gift of their experience and time, or, paying for that of others, the Red Cross stands essentially for the Volunteer woman spirit of the Nineteenth Century, flower- ing in the present one. Very rightly it is regarded as the greatest instrument for human salvage which the hour has called into ex- istence. It is also the great particular witness-bearer to the pres- ent generation, of the advance in human standards which has taken place in the last potential century. In those to come, the nineteenth may well be called the Woman's Century. During it two great women who were to affect their time enormously came into existence, the one, Florence Nightingale, born in 1820, in Eu- rope; and the other, Clara Barton, born in America in 1821, the year which also gave rise to the Y. M. C. A. The century which gave the world these mighty forces is drawing to a close. Within its compass the numerous organizations were formed which so power- fully have wrought as volunteer aids during the present strife. A great author in a weary mood has uttered an axiom chiefly soothing to the cynic, which declares that the evil men do lives after them while the good perishes. The in- stances of Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton expose the fal- lacy of this pleasing phrase and offer the incontestable proof that it is the good alone that men do which lives on and on perpetuating itself and ultimately becoming an evil-destroying force ; for, out of the persisting enthusiasm for humanity which characterized them, the care of the wounded in battle, which, less than sixty years ago was of so negligible a character as to amount to criminal indiffer- ence on the parts of the Governments of the world, has been com- pletely metamorphosed. The Red Cross, arising, as has every large organization of today, from the foundation work of these great volunteers, speaks, then, for them through its own fine deeds. And it is worth while, in passing, for the purposes of this volume, [26] THE V O LU N T A R Y A I D OF AMERICA to sketch here, in brief, the conditions from which the efficient hospital and welfare work of the World's War has taken its rise. When, moved by the stories of incredible horrors that came from the battlefields of the Crimea, Florence Nightingale, with thirty-seven women volunteers, arrived on the field where her min- istry was to make her famous, there were but two small barracks hospitals, in which to care for many thousands of wounded. It nat- urally ensues that the vast majority of them were not cared for at all. There were few physicians, and these overworked; no effort at sanitation, no cots, no bandages, no comfort kits, no anything with which to ease the agony of the unattended ill. Many of them lay for days in the fields where they fell, exposed to the weather, to hunger, thirst, to the pest. There were no welfare workers to seek them out or to aid the small company of volunteer nurses through their long arduous days or gloomy night vigils. When the little band of women from England arrived at Scu- tari, the death rate among the unfortunate wretches was as high as forty-two per cent. It is a matter of record that, having applied herself first to the sanitation needs of the little hospitals and their improvised extensions, Miss Nightingale was able, in a compara- tively short time, to lower the death rate to two per cent. The change was so marvellous that visitors to the hospitals perceived its great import, and went out from them to awaken the con- sciences of the Governments of Europe as to their duty to the sol- diers who had fought to maintain them. Added to Florence Nightingale's own passionate appeals for help made to the mother country, those of M. Dumont, the Swiss philanthropist, began to circulate among the capitals of the land; and now the work of Miss Nightingale and her thirty-seven as- sistants, whose names today are lost to the popular remembrance, gave impetus to an agitation which culminated in the first humani- tarian Red Cross Conference in Switzerland which drew up arti- cles to constrain all Governments to a kinder care of their wound- ed, of all wounded. Glancing over Miss Nightingale's works and pleas and back at the ramifications of today's vast War Relief efforts, one is struck by the fact that every dream she dreamed for the betterment [27] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA of war hospital practices has, latterly, materialized into a living, effective organization. It vi^as Miss Nightingale w^ho first thought of the need for reading matter for the men in the hospitals; of the need for dressing stations, for comfort kits which might supply the soldiers' many little needs. Today each of these needs is looked after by an efficient committee bent upon filling its specific function. And to crown her many services to humanity. Miss Nightingale converted the munificent gift of the British Govern- ment into the first hospital for the training of nurses. Ere the first Geneva convention had met, in 1864, the fratrici- dal war had begun to rage in America, and our own battle-fields were repeating in scarcely modified forms, some of the Crimean horrors, though nearer to willing volunteers. These, however, were wholly untrained for their work. It was now that Clara Barton to aid where aid was obviously needed, left her desk in the Pat- ent Office, and assumed the labor of distributing supplies to the wounded, and of tracing the resting places of the dead. The fame of her services, and of those of many women helpers whose names have disappeared, preceded Miss Barton to Geneva, which city she visited in 1869, and the Swiss Committee which had met a second time to modify and to extend its original agreements, hastened to urge her to become their spokesman to the United States Govern- ment, and to ask it, in the name of humanity, to join its strength with theirs, the better to protect the wounded of future wars from enduring the unnecessary agonies borne by the soldiers of the wars of the past. Due to differences of opinion as to the scope of the articles which were adopted by the original International Red Cross, this invitation was not accepted by the United States Gov- ernment until 1882, when grounds were found on which this Gov- ernment could affiliate with those of Europe. Thereupon the first Red Cross Association was formed in the United States. Miss Barton's zeal to improve national conditions here, how- ever, had not ceased. Having done unforgettable service during the Franco-Prussian war, and having widened her knowledge enor- mously, by practical experience, decorated by the European rulers, Miss Barton returned to America early in the seventies to begin the work among the children and women which is so generally [28] TH^E VOLUNTA R Y AID OF AM ERIC A known today as The First Aid to the Injured. The broad knowl- edge of its rules, has been an incalculable factor in the intelligent Volunteer nursing of the present war. Indeed, thanks to Miss Barton's efforts, a small army of nurses were ready to serve when the call of the Spanish-American war came. It was this war which proved a revelation to the Government of the potentialities that lay in the Red Cross Volunteer group" as an adjunct to the Army and Navy. This recognition led to a re-organization of the asso- ciation in 1905, when the original body was dissolved and the pres- ent, incorporated association, having far wider scope and vastly more authority was created to take its place. It now operates di- rectly in conjunction with the Government, as its great volunteer aid. Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton in their pioneer fields are the only names now remembered of the throng who worked together for humanity's welfare. These names are the symbols that stand for all the work accomplished. And this fact, more elo- quently, perhaps, than any detailed development of the raison d'etre of the Voluntary Aid of America, expresses why the present volume has been undertaken. Whilst the pages that follow cannot, of necessity, list the many, many thousands of individuals through- out this great country who have rendered conspicuous service to humanity during this eventful period, yet they do conserve in the authentic records of organized War Relief undertakings, the names of many hundreds of the officers who led the hosts of privates in the mighty army of the Volunteer Aid of America. [29] ts' HON. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, CHAIRMAN, CENTRAL COMMITTEE THE AMERICAN RED CROSS. fek.-ss 5^ si AMERICAN RED CROSS ARTIME activities of the American Red Cross are under the direction of a War Council of seven mem- bers, appointed by President Wilson, who also is president of the Red Cross. The members of the War Council are : Henky p. Davison, of J- P- Morgfan and Company. John D. Ryan, President of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company. Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., of Bliss, Fabyan and Company, New York. George B. Case, of the law firm of White and Case, New York. Harvey D. Gibson, President of the Liberty National Bank, of New York. And Former President Taft and Eliot Wadsworth, ex-officio, as Chairman and Vice-Chairman, respectively of the Central Committee. Mr. Gibson also is General Manager of the Red Cross. The first war fund campaign took place the week of June 18, 1917, which was designated "Red Cross Week" by a proclamation of President Wilson. The Finance Committee which had charge of the campaign, was headed by Cleveland H. Dodge, of New York; Secretary of the Treasury William G. McAdoo was the fund treas- urer. One hundred million dollars was the mark set, and the week's contributions ran slightly above that figure. At the establishment of the Red Cross organization on a war basis its membership was approximately 500,000. Six months later there were, in round numbers, 5,000,000 members, and the numbers of chapters had increased from 562 to 3,287. The "Christmas Mem- bership Drive" during the week ending with Christmas Eve, 1917, swelled the membership rolls to more than 23,000,000. In the period between the birthday anniversaries of Lincoln and Washington — February 12-22, 1918 — the school children of the country were brought into the Junior Red Cross organizations. [31] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Immediately following the war organization and the raising of the first war fund, commissions were sent to the various countries in Europe where war was in progress. Major Grayson M-P. Murphy was appointed general commissioner for Europe and assumed di- rect charge of the commission to France, where the greater bur- den of American Red Cross work has fallen. The commission to France reached Paris during June. Eighteeen men constituted the original working force. From this nucleus there developed before the end of the year an organization that operated all the way from Sicily up the whole western front and into Great Britain. A chain of warehouses has been established behind the lines all the way across France, from the coast to Switzerland. The great- est motor transport organization there is in the world outside of those actually operated by the armies also has been developed. The workers actually engaged in the organization in France number thousands, a large percentage of them being volunteers who are serving without financial compensation and most of them paying their own expenses as well. Relief work in France is divided between a department of mili- tary aifairs and a department of civil affairs. The former depart- ment, in addition to maintaining a hospital svipply service that pro- vides for thousands of hospitals, a surgical dressings service that turns out and distributes hundreds of thousands of dressings every week, and several American Red Cross military hospitals, has con- centrated a large amount of attention on canteen work, in the in- terest of both the American and French armies. Many canteens at the front have been in operation for the French army, and recently the same service was installed to supply coffee and refreshments to American soldiers in the trenches. At the metropolitan canteens in Paris millions of soldiers have been served since the American Red Cross entered this field of work. Preliminary to the arrival of the American Expeditionary Force in France, the American Red Cross did important work in improving the sanitary conditions in the zone which the United States troops were to occupy. This work is constantly kept up to meet the situation as the army abroad increases in size. [32] Ti^b'i? ^<: ^"^^"^-'-'-//^C^^ HENRY P. DAVISON, ESQ., CHAIRMAN THE AMERICAN RED CROSS — DECORATED BY THE FRENCH, ITALIAN, AND BELGIAN GOVERNMENTS IN RECOGNITION OF HIS VALUED SERVICES. i % -^ THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA » » t iit;; »»mi i i i ii i i i :» m » ; »n i; »»» i ii» ; »:» i { i »n» i »» 8»tii »t i »»»» ; ni t; t»» ; »»» m»mnm: Civilian relief work in France has embraced a campaign against tuberculosis, care of refugees and repatries, care of children, recon- struction and repair work in devasted areas and home service among the families of French soldiers. While much of the work in behalf of refugees has been done in the zones of comparative safety to which people have fled from the war areas, the German offensive launched in March, 1918, found American Red Cross men in large numbers performing actual rescue work in villages that were under the fire of the enemy. With the aid of the motor trans- port service hundreds of non-combatants were removed to places of safety. At Evian, on the Swiss border, a corps of workers has been maintained for several months, together with a children's hospital, disinfecting plant, etc., for the care and relief of the children and aged and infirm persons who have been sent back by the Germans from the occupied portions of France and Belgium at the rate of one thousand or more a day. Relief for the families of French soldiers has had for its object the double purpose of providing for the wants of the sick and desti- tute and strengthening the morale of the men at the front. In re- spect to the latter objective a success has been achieved which has called forth many expressions of praise from the highest French military and civil authorities. A gift of a lump sum of $1,000,000 for distribution among 50,000 needy families, was one of the initial acts in this particular line of relief. Minor Red Cross activities in France have included assistance in the care of mutilated soldiers, aid in re-educational work and care of the blind, and maintenance of plants for the manufacture of splints, anaesthetics, etc. An important work in connection with the prosecution of medical research has been the carrying on of experiments to ascertain the cause of trench fever, which in point of wastage is responsible for more than any other sickness. Since air raids on Paris and other French cities have become a regular feature of Hun warfare the American Red Cross has estab- lished a day-and-night service to respond to air raid alarms, per- form rescue work and remove the injured to the hospitals. On [33] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ii»iHi»ii»»» i > i > i i iiii » ii »» ! »n»»»»»»:»n»« iii »»» i i ii! ii> i »tn«»»mn»»n»m» t »«»» tt» many occasions the effectiveness of this work has commanded widespread interest. Among the newer developments is the estabHshment of a casu- alty service, for the gathering of detail information regarding American soldiers who are killed in battle, sick or wounded in the hospitals or taken prisoner by the enemy. The information col- lected is transmitted to relatives at home. Prisoner relief is administered through a central office at Berne, Switzerland, where ample supplies of food are stored for shipment to German prison camps as the need requires. Recently plans were started to have emergency rations stored in prison camps, so that American prisoners could have the bfenefit of them on their arrival there. Through the arrangements made all prisoners in enemy camps vv^ill receive rations in plenty at frequent intervals, and spe- cial rations will be provided for invalids. Appropriations for relief work in Italy have totalled consider- able. Emergent relief work, rendered at a time when no perma- nent commission had been established in Italy, stands among the most notable of the Red Cross achievements of the first year of the war. When the Teuton, hordes swept into the plains of Northern Italy in October, 1917, driving thousands of panic-stricken men, women and children before them, American Red Cross veterans from France rushed into the breach, helped to stop the rout, re- lieved the acute distress, and contributed in no small measure to the saving of the country from complete subjugation. What the American Red Cross did for Italy in this crisis was made the sub- ject of official commendation on various occasions, and elicited thanks from H. M. the King, the Prime Minister and other digni- taries. A most important result accomplished was the cementing of friendship for America on the part of the Italian people, who previously, largely through German propaganda, had been skeptical of the good faith of the United States in the war. At the outset the American Consuls throughout Italy were supplied with money to afford emergency relief. Forty-eight car- loads of supplies were dispatched to the scene from storehouses in France. Several sections of ambulances also were started from France. Soup kitchens were opened, from which the refugees were [34] HARVEY D. GIBSON, ESQ., GENERAL MANAGER, THE AMERICAN RED CROSS. THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ; nmffl m n« ; » iiii i ii »»«m » »»»»»»»»»»» t »m i m»» i ii ii iiii ii » iiii ii iiiiiiii »» » » i » i iin»»») given the first food they had received since their flight from their homes. Transportation for the refugees was arranged from the north, warehouses were opened at Central points, manufacture of surgical dressings was undertaken on a mammoth scale, hospitals for the concentration of contagious diseases were opened; and then, four days after the United States declared war against Austria, the first Red Cross ambulances left Milan for the Italian front, cheered by thousands of persons there and at all the towns through which they passed. By the time the permanent commission reached Rome in the early winter, a complete survey of the whole Italian situation had been made by experts and all the more serious emergencies had been met. The American Red Cross was able to supply great quan- tities of equipment to replace the stores that were lost when the Teuton drive destroyed upwards of a hundred hospitals. The pres- ent relief work is being continued along the lines of the work in France. Belgian relief work has called for large appropriations. There has been a program for improving conditions among the Belgian troops, and to provide recreation and medical service outside the scope of the Belgian war budget. The initial Red Cross gift was half a million francs to the Belgian Red Cross to be applied for the cost of the military hospital at Wolveringham. Contributions also have been made to the active field service of the army, in the form of surgical and medical equipment. In civilian relief work in Belgium the American Red Cross placed its resources at the command of organizations already in the field to care for children and feeble persons, and get them away from the places of greatest danger. In order to have supplies ready at hand for emergencies twenty barrack warehouses were con- tracted for last fall. Special aid has been given to the schools and colonies for chil- dren in which the Queen of Belgium is greatly interested. Estab- lishment of health centers and a 250 bed hospital for the Belgian colony at Havre are among the other activities. American Red Cross appropriations on account of work in Great Britain have amounted to millions. The gifts to the British [35] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA !H»»!Hltt»>ttH»ll»i8»» l H t ilH» S M t « > !Um»il!t8»8t»!liliinil»?tnT ???ttt H I!tt ! tt!t n tl!li;!tttt!tttt!t Red Cross will be used for relief and comforts to sick and wounded in hospitals, for the maintenance of auxiliary hospitals and conval- escent homes in England, and for institutions for orthopedic and facial treatment and for general restorative work for disabled Brit- ish soldiers. The British orthopedic hospitals serve as training schools for American surgeons. The gift to the Canadian Red Cross was given in recognition to the part Canada has played in the war for liberty. The money will be used to alleviate the suffering of wounded and sick Canadian soldiers. The regular work of the American Red Cross in England in- cludes the maintenance of a hospital at an English port for sick American soldiers and sailors, and support of a hospital at South Devon and the hospital for officers at Lancaster Gate, London. Commissions have been maintained in Serbia, Roumania and Russia, where relief has been administered according to the needs of the situation in each instance. In Roumania the active relief work was abandoned only when the Red Cross representatives were forced to leave the country following the completion of Teutonic conquest. At the present writing a special commission, accom- panied by several medical units is on its way to take up relief work in Palestine. Red Cross chapters have organized and are maintaining more than a thousand canteens at railroad stations, to serve troops pas- sing to and from camps and to ports of embarkation. In nearly every city, also, women's motor corps service has been established by volunteer workers. Throughout the country plans have been made on an extensive scale to carry on Home Service in the interest of the families of sol- diers who may need assistance, material or otherwise. Although war activities concentrated its greater energies, the American Red Cross rendered prompt relief in cases of overwhelm- ing disaster, outside the war zones, during the last year. There were three major disasters, widely separated, in the year 1917. They were, respectively, the Tien-tsin flood, which made one mil- lion people homeless and caused a crop and property loss amounting to approximately $100,000,000; the Halifax explosion, which [36] FRANK B. GIFFORD, ESQ. DIRECTOR OF PURCHASES OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS ■ ^ THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i»»» ;i;ii! n>» i i» ii i ii »n»»»t»»»»»»:»»»»>»»»mum m mm j » : »»»»»i :i »» :i » i » ii »» m wrecked a large part of the city and resulted in the killing and maiming of thousands of persons, and the Guatemala earthquake, which precipitated destitution and disease in addition to the prop- erty damage and the toll of death and injury exacted. In the case of the flood in China the Red Cross cabled the Amer- ican minister to draw for sums sufiicient to meet emergency needs, and later assisted the Chinese government to perform the finest kind of relief work, through providing labor for ten thousand refu- gees for a period of several months. The appropriations for relief in connection with this disaster totalled $125,000. Within a few hours after the extent of the Halifax disaster was known special Red Cross trains left New York, Providence, and Boston for the scene, carrying tons of bedding, clothing, food and medical supplies, as well as doctors, nurses and experts in relief ad- ministration. Every obvious or anticipated need was provided for and the whole resources of the American people were pledged to the stricken city. Urgent relief needs following the earthquake in Guatemala were met through the Guatemala Red Cross chapter, which pur- chased $100,000 worth of supplies from the government stores in the Canal Zone. A shipload of medicine, food and other supplies was sent from New Orleans at the earliest possible moment, and a medical director was appointed to take charge of work on the ground. Expert relief workers and sanitary engineers also were dispatched from the United States to look after special phases of the situation. [37] THE BELGIAN WOMEN'S DOLLAR FUND HE Belgian Women's Dollar Fund is included in these records as being significant of America's spontaneous response to Belgium's call for aid made through Madame Emile Vandervelde, in September, 1914. Madame Vandervelde's cabled appeal was printed in the morning press and the Belgian Women's Dollar Fund was cre- ated, and received its first subscriptions before noon of the same day. The sole purpose of this Fund is expressed in its title, namely, to aid the destitute women and children of Belgium. The Fund was founded and its operating expenses sustained by Miss Ada Sterling and Mr. Charles Elliot Warren, President of the Lincoln National Bank, New York, which institution became Depository for the funds collected until these were forwarded to its beneficiaries through M. Havenith, then Belgian Minister, at Washington, and through the Countess de Hemptinne. The work of the Fund was relinquished to the Belgian Relief Committee when that body developed its country-wide organization. [.38] HON. ELIOT WADSWORTH ^' VICE CHAIRMAN, THE AMERICAN RED CROSS. AMERICA'S ALLIES CO-OPERATIVE COMMITTEE TO HELP THE ALLIES THROUGH THEIR OWN COUNTRYMEN AFFILIATED WITH ENGLISH, FRENCH, ITALIAN, BELGIAN, SEREIAN AND POLISH COMMITTEES Mrs. Mary Hatch Willard, Chairman Fred'k L. Eldridge, Treasurer Mrs. H. W. Beale, Secretary Thomas B. Adams, Ass't. Treasurer HIS Committee was organized May 1, 1918, and has absorbed the Trench Comfort Packets Committee and the Emergency Italian Relief Committee, both of which continue their activities as departments of the new Committee, and both of which Mrs. Mary Hatch Willard was Chairman. It is the aim of this Committee, in co-operation with these organizations, to assist in relieving such individual cases of need among our Allies as are not and cannot readily be reached by the large relief organizations. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mrs. Mary Hatch Willard, Chairman Mrs. Henry P. Loomis, Thomas B. Adams, American Ouvroir Funds Treas., Cons. Copper Mines Co. Fred'k L. Eldridge, ^^^- ^- W- Beale, Secretary Vice-President Empire Trust Co. Mrs. Belle ArmstrongWhitney, Foreign Secretary [39] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA COMMITTEE Mrs. Fred'k L. Eldridge Mrs. Francis S. Male Fred'k H. Hatch Mrs. Parker Newton Charles L. Robinson GENERAL COMMITTEE Mrs. Brig. Gen. Kenyon British Relief. Madame Helene Balli, Reconfort Du Soldat, France Trench Comfort Packets. Mrs. Henry P. Loomis, L'Association Nationale Francaise La Saint Cyrienne. La Societe La Bretagne. La Reunion Amicale. Oeuvre Des Bourses. Orphelins De La Mer. Captain H. B. Hawkins, R. A. Administrateur Delegue Societe. De L'E'cole De L'Isle De France. La Countess Gen. Di Rosillant, Italian Relief. Miss Marie La Montagne, Cardinal Mercier Fund. DUCHESSE DE VeNDOMES' Hospitals and Work Rooms, Belgium. Baronne De Woelmont, Comite D'Assistance Aux Families Des Internes Beiges En Suisse. Mrs. Henry P. Loomis, Swiss American Committee for In- terned Prisoners of War. Madame Slavko Grouitch, Serbian Air Fund. Madame Miloyevitch, Comite Neerlandais De Secours Aux Serbes, The Hague, Holland. I. J. Paderewski, Polish Victims Relief Fund. Madame Helena Paderewska, Polish White Cross. r40j FRIENDS OF POLAND President Mme. Szumowska Adamowska Vice-Presidents Mrs. Ernest B. Dane Mrs. Benjamin L. Robinson JOZEF AdAMOWSKI N Organization for collecting funds for Poland was started in Boston in 1915. Mr. Curtis Guild was President, and Mr. William Blake, Treasurer. The name of the society at that time was the "Boston Polish Relief." After Mr. Guild's death the society was reorganized and named the "Friends of Poland," by which name it is still called. Secretary Mrs. H. L. Mason Recording Secretary Mrs. Charles H. Fiske, Jr. Treasurer Henry S. Grew Honorary President Ignace Jan Paderewski Honorary Vice-Presidents Mrs. Louis A. Frothingham William P. Blake Mrs. Curtis Guild Augustus Hemenway Rt. Rev. William Lawrence, D.D. [41] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i « » »»»nH»»ni»t:ii i n»>»»»»»»»»m»m»»H»»:»»»»n»n»»»»»»nimm>»m» > »m»n» i EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mrs. T. Adamowski Ingeesoll Amory Frederick J. Bradlee Edward M. Beals, Chairman Mrs. E. M. Beals Mrs. Albert Thorndike COMMITTEE T. Adamowski Miss Mary A. Tappan Mrs. Joseph L. Smith Mrs. Nathaniel Thayer Miss Eloise Derby Mrs. R. W. Lovett Mrs. Geo. H. Stoddard Mrs. Geo. W. Chadwick Mrs. James S. Lee, Chairman P. R. Shop Committee. [42] l5 ^^: OTTO H. KAHN. UISTJNGUISUEU IN PEACE AS FINANCIER AND FOSTERER OF THE ARTS IN WAR, PHILANTHROPIST AND FRIEND OF MAN. DECORATED IN JULY I918, BY THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT, ~ T WHEN HE WAS MADE ClievaUcr OF THE LEGION OF HONOR. FOOD FOR FRANCE FUND Carita Spencer, Chairman Appointed Delegate Extraordinary by Minister Justin Godart, Under-Secretary of State and Head of the French Service de Sante. Mrs. George W. Hill, Secretary HE Food for France Committee operates directly with the Service de Sante, that branch of the French Gov- ernment having charge of hospital and relief work. Food stuffs are purchased and shipped through the courtesy of the French authorities to the Entrepot des Dons (Depot of Gifts), Paris, and thence distributed to the hospitals. Every penny of donations received is expended exclusively for food. No salaries, commissions or honorariums are given to any- one. All expenses or necessary outlays are met personally by mem- bers of the Committee. COMMITTEE Mrs. a. a. Anderson Mrs. T. Belknap Beach, Hartford, Conn. Franklin Q. Brown Henry Clews Frederic R. Coudert Rev. Charles A. Eaton, D.D. Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer Mrs. Archibald Hopkins, Washington, D. C. Gail B. Johnson, California Mrs. Henry Fairfield Osborn Hon. Alton B. Parker George Haven Putnam [43] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA t»«»«t»»t» > »»»»»H:»tH»»»»»»»n«»»»»»»«»n«»»»«»»»:»»»»»»»»»«»«»:m } Frederick L. Eldridge Mrs. Ogden Mills Reid Algernon S. Frissell William Jay Schieffelin Mrs. F. W. Garvin, Edward W. Sheldon Norfolk, Conn. Mrs. C. Lorillard Spencer Miss Virginia Gildersleeve Mrs. Charles B. Squier Mrs. Rodman E. Griscom, Mrs. Charles Chauncey Stillman Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Mary Hatch Willakd BuRCHAM Harding Mrs. Belle Armstrong Whitney, Donald Harper Paris. [44] JOHN WANAMAKER, ESQ. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOQATION N its experience and evolution since its foundation in 1844 in London, the Young Men's Christian Associa- y AiM/iH^^ tion has proven an efficient and adaptable agent of KsTiv^/i^ry^i community Christian interest and enterprise. Its fundamental principle of work with, by, and for men, and its remarkable adaptability to various groups and varying con- ditions have been exemplified in its extension from its first field, in cities, to specialized groups such as railroad men and college stu- dents. The confidence of the communities in which it has served is indicated by the provision of substantial equipment in the way of suitable specially designed buildings. Leading citizens gladly serve voluntarily on its committees and a large number of secretaries have been specially trained as its executive officers. It was natural, therefore, that Association service should be extended to the men of the Army and Navy. At the beginning of the war between the States in 1861, the Y. M. C. A. organized the U. S. Christian Commission, which served the Federal troops in camp and in field. Its volunteer agents or Commissioners distributed about $3,000,000 in supplies and $2,500,000 in cash. This organization was the forerunner of the National War Work Council of the Y. M. C. A., somewhat as the U. S. Sanitary Commission foreshadowed in its service the tremen- dous present service of the Red Cross. During the Spanish-American war the Association acted in camp and field providing comforts and conveniences and supple- [45] T H E V OLU N T A R Y AID OF AMERICA meriting the work of the Chaplains. After that war, work at regu- larly established Associations was carried on among both the men of the Army and the men of the Navy, and a number of handsome and permanent structures were erected for that purpose. Notable among these are the Army Association buildings at Ft. Monroe and Ft. Leavenworth, and the Navy Association buildings at Brooklyn, Norfolk and Newport. The Brooklyn building, for instance, serves as a home or club house for the men of the ships when they have shore leave, lodging an average of over 500 per night. This type of work was projected also into our territorial possessions, and a well equipped Club House for men of the Army was provided at Ft. William McKinley, P. I. This building is a very lively center of activities whenever the men of the post have leisure. The daily attendance averages about 2,000. When the National Guard was mobilized on the Mexican bor- der in 1916, the Y. M. C. A., through its International Committee, proffered the President and the Secretary of War the services of the organization. One of the International Secretaries went imme- diately to Texas and arranged for the speedy erection of temporary buildings with the various camps of the Guard and Regulars which were established along the Border, from Brownsville on the Gulf to San Diego on the Pacific. When our country entered the World War, Dr. John R. Mott, representing the Y. M. C. A., proffered to President Wilson and to the Secretaries of the War and Navy Departments, the services of the organization; and upon their acceptance, steps were taken im- mediately to coordinate all the experience and resources of the Association. The National War Work Council of the Young Men's Christian Association of the United States, organized April 10, 1917, is composed of more than a hundred of the Nation's leading busi- ness and professional men who authorize, direct, and supervise the work of the secretarial staff in the various camps. The Y. M. C. A. operates in all the military and naval camps in this country by sanc- tion of the Government under direct executive order by the Presi- dent, (April 27, 1917,) and in cooperation with the Army and Navy Departments' Commissions on Training Camp Activities, with which Commissions the Association is affiliated. [46] TiSimmmi.m.9nmim,?)inI,^.?.y.. , ^ I D OF AMERICA Briefly, this work of the Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. may be classified under the following five headings : FIRST: The erection and maintenance of the necessary ser- vice, administration, auditoriums, and other special buildings, and the promotion of the Association's usual program of entertainment, recreational and athletic games, and social, educational, and reli- gious activities. This program is worked out in conference with representatives of the Knights of Columbus and the Jewish Welfare Board, in order to avoid duplication when these organizations are represented in camp. While the Association and these other organ- izations have their distinctive religious affiliations, all the facilities and privileges of each are open alike to all men of the Army and Navy. SECOND : The continuation and extension of the usual Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. program which has been carried on in peace times in the permanent Army and Navy branch buildings, at per- manent Naval stations and regular Army posts, such as the Navy Y. M. C. A. at Brooklyn or Norfolk, and the Army Y. M. C. A. at Fort Slocum or Fort Monroe. THIRD: Work on trains, transports, and for men in transit while they are at ports of embarkation. For this group provision is made similar to that noted under the first heading, and secretaries also accompany troops on trains and on transports. FOURTH : The Association performs for men of the American Army and Navy overseas similar service to that rendered at home, and in addition such other service as the operating of post ex- changes, which has been assigned the Y. M. C. A. by military au- thority. The Association also places its program and facilities at the disposal of the Allied Armies and Navies, extensive work being done with the French Army in the Foyer du Soldat, and also with the Italian and other Armies. Services are rendered also in connec- tion with prisoners of war. FIFTH : Work for the men in war industries in this country : As for example, men in the Navy yards, in the arsenals, soldier loggers, and civilian workers in ship yards or munition plants under the control of the Government. In this connection it should be noted that city, railroad and county associations have opened their [47] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ! » ! l l »IHIII I «» l »ttH«H « l M» t t»»«Mtt ! »»iH I » l »tHH»IIHInmtft t H ! m i | | || |l||tt|t||||ttlttt m mT doors to troops in a most hospitable manner, granting social privi- leges, bathing facilities, etc., freely. I. THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE : The over~ seas service of the War Work Council w^ith its main divisions f6r field administration located in Paris, is providing for the soldiers and sailors of the American Forces overseas through various bu- reaus, chief among which are the Personnel Bureau, the General Supplies Bureau (including motor transport, warehouses, purchas- ing and shipping), the Educational Bureau, the Religious Bureau, and the Entertainment Bureau. When the troops arrive, having come across on a transport which probably had a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary or two on board to serve the men in transit, they find, as they disembark and go to the great camps at which they are first located, that the Association equipment and secretaries are ready to wel- come and serve them there. Athletics and various forms of enter- tainment are provided, together with special services such as changing of money, the maintaining of restaurants or hotel facili- ties and a general intelligence department. As the troops pass on to the training camps in the intermediate regions they find such work as is usually maintained in the camps at home. Much atten- tion is given to the provision of entertainment, and of educational and inspirational addresses. An extensive organization is set up which provides motion picture service. A considerable number of talented entertainers are sent from the United States and routed through the various camps. At the invitation of General Pershing, the Association has charge of canteens or post exchanges wherever the American Forces are found. In the earlier stages of the work the aim was to operate the canteens at merely the cost of opera- tion, but since then a policy has been adopted to meet the lowest prices of the Army canteen, even though a financial loss is entailed. In the Zone of Combat the conditions require a special type of Asso- ciation service, including the maintenance of transportation for supplies, the extemporizing of huts in deserted villages, the main- tenance of canteens in dugouts along communication trenches, etc., and the free distribution of suppHes to men in the front line trenches. So far as possible the usual entertainment, educational, [48] THEVOL U NTARY AID O F AM E RICA and religious activities are carried on, subject to abnormal condi- tions. In the "leave areas" where the men of the Army are allowed a periodic leave of eight days the Association has been given charge of the provision of recreation, including concert halls, lec- ture halls, libraries, and reading rooms, and the organization of outings and excursions. The number of huts in operation in August, 1918, with the American Expeditionary Forces in England was 135, and in France 890; there were also 300 additional con- tact points. It was expected up to November 1st, there would be in operation in France 1,390 huts, with 500 other contact points. The number of workers reported as actually serving in France, England and Italy, with the American Expeditionary Forces, in August, 1918, was 4,876. A careful estimate indicated that the total num- ber needed by November, 1919, would be 7,500, of whom one-fifth would be women, who perform a most effective service in connec- tion with the canteens. Careful planning has already begun to meet the educational opportunity which will be presented in the period that ultimately must elapse between the cessation of hostili- ties and the return of troops to America. Some educational work is now being done, particularly in the study of French. An expert investigation made by Dr. Luther Gulick emphasized the need over- seas for the Association's program of recreational, athletic, and competitive games in which there is the largest possible participa- tion. There is positive moral value in securing active participation in sports by every man in a command. II. WITH THE AMERICAN NAVY : Turning to the Amer- ican Navy we find that in the United States the Y. M. C. A. is serv- ing the needs of the Navy at 58 points in 123 centers or buildings, 76 of which were specially constructed by the Council, 38 are either rented or granted by the Government, and 9 are permanent build- ings, such as the Norfolk Branch of the Navy Y. M. C. A. This Navy work is highly significant because the largest amount of it is carried on at the Navy Training Stations where the Association makes an effective contribution to the establishment of right tradi- tions among the men of the new Navy. The Great Lakes Training Station alone requires, for example, a staff of between 75 and 100 secretaries. [49] THE VOLUNTARYAID OF AMERICA III. WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY: Service with the American Army in the United States began the day this country recognized a state of war, and has increased in volume rapidly and continuously. A survey of the field" in this country and its terri- torial possessions indicates operations at 283 points in 665 build- ings, of which 608 have been specially constructed by the War Work Council. Fifty are either rented or their use granted by the Gov- ernment and 7 are the permanent buildings of regular Army Y. M. C. A. branches. In the conduct of this Army work 3,569 secretaries were engaged at the end of August, and there were many vacant positions for which men were needed. Not only is the Association at work in every large cantonment or camp, but also at the very many smaller posts. There is even a considerable service being rendered to the scattered outposts along the Mexican Border where, in the summer of 1918, 58 secretaries were touching 74 border outposts between Brownsville on the Gulf and Yuma, Arizona. The program of the Association in the American camps is very familiar. It aims to occupy the leisure time of the men in such a way as to sustain morale. It seeks to make men better soldiers, and to help soldiers attain and sustain right relations with God and their fellows. Gratifying success meets the program of social, educational, recreational, physical and religious activities. This program is outlined and operated in co-operation with other agencies doing a similar or related work in the camps, and the Association's accompHshments merit and meet the approval of officers and men. An interesting feature of the home work is the service rendered by the Transportation Bureau, which arranges to have secretaries accompany men on troop trains, beginning with the induction of the selected men into the National Army and going with them from the training camp to the port of embarkation, and accompanying them also upon the transports. IV. SUMMARY OF WORK AT HOME : A survey of the War Work of the Y. M. C. A. in this country, including July, indi- cates that operations were being carried on at 431 camps, stations or posts in a total of 788 buildings or centers of which 684 were specially constructed by the War Work Council. Eighty-eight were either rented or were granted by the Government, and 16 were per- [50] THE VOL UNTARY AID OF AMERICA manent Army and Navy Y. M. C. A.'s. There were engag-ed in the home work 4,005 secretaries, in the field, and 106 in departmental headquarter's staff service. Points as remote as Guam, the Philip- pines, Honolulu, Porto Rico and the Canal Zone are served. V. INSULAR POSSESSIONS: American troops in the Philippines, West Indies, and Canal Zone, although relatively small groups, are receiving special attention. For a number of years the Association has served with the regulars in the Philippines. Its activities there were greatly enlarged at the beginning of the war and new buildings were. provided at Corregidor and Stotsenburg. Provision has been made for the erection of Association buildings in the new training camp for the Philippine Army to be trained near Stotsenburg. Troops stationed at and near Honolulu have had special provision made for their needs. Prior to the war they were served by the Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. occupying the for- mer Royal Hawaiian hotel, and since our entrance into the war addi- tional temporary buildings have been provided for the men of the service there. In the West Indies provision has been made for Porto Rican troops in training, and Association service was ren- dered also at the three officers' training camps in Porto Rico. Plans are already under way whereby the needs of the small isolated troops of marines in Cuba, Haiti, San Domingo and the Virgin Islands will be met. Work has been begun on the Canal Zone, which initiates service there for the soldiers and sailors in that area. VL WITH THE FRENCH ARMY: Upon invitation of the French Government the Y. M. C. A. has co-operated in work for the French soldiers at centers known as Foyers du Soldat. This has extended until now it is established at some 831 points, located for the most part in the Zone of Combat. The French Ministry of War has asked that this work be extended to 2,000 points to cover the whole French Army. It is also being extended to the French Navy. There are engaged in this work 750 French Directors, with whom are associated 368 American Secretaries. VIL THE ITALIAN ARMY: Resulting from the visit of a deputation of American and English Association leaders to Italy last year, there came a request from the military authorities of [51] THE VOLUNTAR^^^ ,^„?„P,n i?,F .AMERICA Italy asking that Association workers be sent for service with their troops, and a chief executive secretary has been located in Bologna, Italy. A most remarkable opportunity has developed for carrying out in the Italian Army of a program of physical training. There are in this service with the Italian Army 165 American secretaries. VIII. WORK IN RUSSIA: The extensive development of Y. M. C. A. work in Russia while the Russian Army was still counted among the fighting forces of the Allies suffered contraction when Russia dropped out of the line of the Allied combatants. The secre- taries representing the Association in Russia held out courageously, however, and their patience and faith was rewarded by a new op- portunity for war work in Russia. There were about seventy-five secretaries in that country in September, 1918, working in the east in the neighborhood of Vladivostock, and in the west in the neigh- borhood of Archangel. They are serving the Czechoslovaks and the increasing forces of the Allies. The Association also has been able to serve the relatively small Russian unit which remained in France fighting beside the Allies. The secretaries serving in Russia received co-operation not only from the Government, but from various Russian societies and agencies. IX. WORK FOR THE MEN OF OTHER ALLIED ARMIES : Here is found a cosmopolitan opportunity, as practically every race in the world is now represented in the constituency served by the Association in Europe. Among the nationalities with whom the Association has the privilege of serving are included the Belgians, Portugese, Polish and Czech units and the Indian armies in France. There are also secretaries serving the labor battalions con- nected with our own army and with the French and Italian forces ; these labor battalions include Chinese, Indians, and Africans. There is also a very effective service rendered to men of the allied armies in Egypt, Palestine, Mespotamia, East Africa and Mace- donia ; the typical camp and field program of the Association is car- ried on with these remote Expeditionary Forces, as far as circum- stances permit. X. WORK WITH PRISONERS OF WAR: This service was begun not long after the breaking out of the war in Europe and r52] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA developed until, in the early part of 1917, it had been extended to prisoners in every belligerent country except Turkey. Its field included over 6,000,000 prisoners. The relatively small groups of secretaries concerned did very effective work in organizing such activities as were possible among the prisoners, and in bringing to them an appreciated touch of Christian sympathy from the outside world. The purely humanitarian considerations supporting such work are re-enforced by the practical considerations that such ser- vice when rendered to prisoners of war of enemy countries may react in the most important and practical way upon the treatment of American and allied prisoners within the central countries. In the preceding incomplete summary of various phases of the Association's activities under the National War Work Council no reference is made to the problems of finance, material, or personnel. It is clear that so extensive a work makes large demand for the best that can be provided by the home communities. Today the heart of our country is largely in the training camps and with the American Expeditionary Forces overseas. The Y. M. C. A. is privi- leged to be an agency through which the sympathy and interest of the American public is expressed to its soldiers and sailors. With such an objective and such backing there is no question but that the remarkable accomplishment of the Y. M. C. A. will be continued in increasing measure. In connection with the first financial campaign, in the spring of 1917, approximately $5,000,000 was subscribed and paid. The second financial campaign, November, 1917, resulted in securing nearly $54,000,000. From a report for one year's activities promoted by the War Work Council the following items are given : Attendance at buildings (est.) 104,293,700 Letters written on stationery provided by Assn. 104,665,200 Money Orders sold 6,550,600 EDUCATIONAL Attendance at lectures 3,268,900 Attendance at Educational Classes 2,613,100 Number books circulated 1,496,000 Attendance Educational Clubs 245,200 [S3] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA : :m t nm»»«i»»»» > «»»n»nnit«»»»»»»i»n»»»« : »:n»»»»»t:»»»»i : »»n»n»»»»»»» ! PHYSICAL Number participating in Athletics 10,865,400 Spectators 7,877,600 RELIGIOUS Attendance Religious Meetings 7,668,300 Attendance Bible Classes 838,300 Scriptures distributed 608,976 Personal Interviews 339,700 War Roll Signed and Christian Decisions 220,496 SOCIAL Attendance Entertainments 12,646,200 Attendance Motion Pictures 10,736,825 The task of the Association with the men who are serving with the colors is to preempt their leisure, and its secretaries are inge- nious in providing in a friendly fashion plans which make it as easy as possible to do right and as hard as possible to do wrong. In its organized friendship and its constructive program for safeguarding the morale of the Army and Navy it is performing a National ser- vice of real value and in this great task it has the hearty and gener- ous co-operation of the American public. [54] NATIONAL WAR WORK COUNCIL THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES William Sloane, Chairman Cleveland H. Dodge, Treasurer Charles E. Adams, Cleveland, O. G. I. Alden, Worcester, Mass. Joseph T. Alling, Wrightstown, N. J. Judge C. B. Ames, Oklahoma City, C. C. Anderson, Boise, Idaho L. L. Anderson, Louisville, Ky. F. C. Atherton, Honolulu, H. I. F. W. Ayer, Philadelphia, Pa. Burke Baker, Philadelphia, Pa. E. H. Baker, Cleveland, O. Rhodes S. Baker, Dallas, Texas Dr. C. a. Barbour, Rochester, N. Y. Bruce Barton, New York City Joseph D. Bascom, New York City H. M. Beardsley, Kansas City, Mo. A. C. Bedford, New York City Arthur E. Bestor, Chautauqua, N. Y. Louis A. Bize, Tampa, Fla. Dr. W. B. Bizzel, College Sta., Texas Corwin Black, New York City Edward W. Bok, Philadelphia, Pa. E. H. BoNSTALL, Philadelphia, Pa. R. A. Booth, Eugene, Oregon William Boyd, Philadelphia, Pa. R. S. Brewster, New York City Gov. C. H. Brough, Little Rock, Ark. E. R. Brown, Dallas, Texas Geo. Warren Brown, St. Louis, Mo. T. S. LiPPY, Seattle, Wash. P. S. Livermore, Ithaca, N. Y. C. J. LiviNGOOD, Cincinnati, Ohio James H. Lockhart, Pittsburgh, Pa. James Logan, Worcester, Mass. Horatio G. Lloyd, Philadelphia, Pa. R. A. Long, Kansas City, Mo. Wm. G. Low, Jr., New York City Charles W. McAlpin, New York City Dr. D. Huhter McAlpin, New York City E. M. McBrier, New York City William McCarroll, Brooklyn, N. Y. Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago, 111. Vance C. McCormick, Washington, D. C. George H. McFadden, Philadelphia, Pa. T. S. McLane, New York City J. G. McNary, El Paso, Texas Dr. W. Douglas MacKenzie, Hartford, Conn. Robert F. Maddox, Atlanta, Ga. Prof. A. R. Mann, Ithaca, N. Y. Alfred E. Marling, New York City George W. Marston, San Diego, Cal. Samuel Mather, Cleveland, Ohio D. B. Meacham, Cincinnati, Ohio A. W. Mellon, Pittsburgh, Pa. L. Wilbur Messer, Chicago, 111. William M. Millar, New York City [55] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i iiii ii ii iiiiiiiii i iiiiiii i i i i ii i ii i i i!i i i ii i iiiii iiiii i ii»i ii i iii i iiiii n i iii i : i iii ii ii i mmiitii ii i ii ii i i i i i i i mu Prof. O. E. Brown, Chattanooga J. Stewart Bryan, Richmond, Va. Bishop C. S. Burch, New York City Borden Burr, Birmingham, Ala. K. L. BuTTERFiELD, Amhcrst, Mass. S. J. Carpenter, New York City A. B. Cass, Los Angeles, Cal. Hugh Chalmers, Detroit, Mich. C. C. Chapman, Fullerton, Cal. E. P. Clark, Los Angeles, Cal. J. Wm. Clark, Newark, N. J. E. Harold Cluett, Troy, N. Y. Wm. Sloane Coffin Henry A. Colgate, Dallas, Texas R. M. Colgate, New York City Gov. J. J. Cornwell, Charleston, W. Va. E. J. CouPER, Chicago, 111. Hanford Crawford, St. Louis, Mo. Thomas Crimmins W. H. Crosby, BuflFalo, N. Y. Lewis A. Crossett, Cohasset, Mass. E. C. Day, Helena, Mont. Samuel S. Dennis, Newark, N. J. Walter T. Diack, New York City James B. Dickensen, Little Rock, Ark. Clarence Phelps Dodge, Colorado Springs, Col. Cleveland H. Dodge, New York City Cleveland E. Dodge, New York City Marcellus Hartley Dodge, New York City Capt. Robert Dollar, San Francisco, Gen. Nelson Y. Duncan, Somerville, N. J. John J. Eagan, Atlanta, Ga. Douglas L. Elliman, New York City Richard P. Ernst, Cincinnati, Ohio B. H. Fancher, New York City S. P. Fenn, Cleveland, Ohio James B. Forgan, Chicago, 111. Judge T. J. Freeman, New Orleans. J. W. Fristoe, St. Louis, Mo. Gov. Carl E. Milliken, Augusta, Me. Gerrish H. Milliken, New York City W. S. Moore (Food Adm.), N. Y. City Wm. Fellowes Morgan, N. Y. City H. A. Moses, Mittineague, Mass. Frank H. Moss, Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. John P. Munn, New York City William D. Murray, New York City J. K. Orr, Atlanta, Ga. Francis W. Parker, Chicago, 111. R. B. Paterson, Spokane, Wash. F. W. Pearsall, New York City George Wharton Pepper, Philadelphia, Senator LeRoy Percy, Greenville, Miss. George W. Perkins, New York City John Howe Peyton, Nashville, Tenn. Lyman L. Pierce, San Francisco, Cal. Coleman du Pont, New York City H. KiRKE Porter, Pittsburgh, Pa. James H. Post, New York City Harold I. Pratt, New York City Herbert L. Pratt, New York City Frank Presbrey, New York City Wm. Cooper Procter, Cincinnati, O. Dr. J. H. Reynolds, Conway, Ark. Oliver C. Reynolds, New York City R. G. Rhett, Charleston, S. C. Charles J. Rhoads Ivan B. Rhodes, Portland, Oregon Dr. R. L. Rigdon, San Francisco, Cal. J. Dean Ringer, Omaha, Neb. W. A. Rogers, Buffalo, N. Y. J. M. Russell, Somersworth, N. H. Francis B. Sayre, Cambridge, Mass. Dr. Wm. J. Schieffelin, N. Y. City Mortimer L. Schiff, New York City Frank Scott, Cleveland, Ohio Frederick H. Scott, Chicago, 111. Henry W. Scovill, Watertown, Conn. John L. Severance, Cleveland, Ohio, and New York City Finley J. Shepard, New York City Wilfred W. Fry, Philadelphia, Pa. F. H. Fuller, Providence, R. I. [56] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA George S. Gardiner, Ridgefield, Conn. Robert Garrett, Baltimore, Md. Robert L. Gerry, New York City Samuel H. Gillespie, Morristown, N. J, Philip H. Gray, Detroit, Mich. Edwin Farnham Greene, Boston W. E. S. Griswold, New York City Lt.-Col. E. W. Halford, New York Ralph W. Harbison, Pittsburgh, Pa. E. S. Harkness, New York City W. Averell Harriman, New York John C. Haswell, Dayton, Ohio Will H. Hayes, New York City E. W. Hazen, Haddam, Conn. A. E. Hedstrom, Buffalo, N. Y. William Heyburn, Louisville, Ky. H. L. Hopkins, Clark, S. D. J. T. Horne, Tuscaloosa, Ala. F. E. House, Duluth, Minn. E. O. Howard, Salt Lake City, Utah John Sherman Hoyt, New York City Charles L. Huston, Coatesville, Pa. W. F. Hypes, Chicago, 111. Arthur Curtiss James, New York Philip L. James, New York City J. E. Jarratt, San Antonio, Tex. J. N. Jarvie, Montclair, N. J. Arthur S. Johnson, Boston, Mass. B. F. Jones, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. Clyde R. Joy, Keokuk, Iowa. E. Roger Kemp, Tulsa, Okla. Walter Kidde, Montclair, N. J. F. J. Kingsbury, Bridgeport, Conn. W. M. Kingsley, New York City F. B. Kirkbride, New York City R. H. Kissell, Morristown, N. J. W. P. Krbitciimar, Greenville, Miss. S. S. Kresge, Detroit, Mich. W. M. Ladd, Portland, Ore. H. M. Leland, Detroit, Mich. E. L. Shuey, Dayton, Ohio William P. Sidley, Chicago, 111., and New York City H. H. Simmons, Hillsboro, Tex. F. Louis Slade, New York City William Sloane, New York City George Otis Smith, Washington, D. C. Robert E. Speer, New York City James M. Speers, New York City M. B. Speir, Charlotte, N. C. Joseph M. Steele, Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J. Dr. Anson Phelps Stokes, N^w Haven, Conn. Leslie M. Stratton, Memphis, Tenn. Robert E. Strawbridge, Philadelphia, Benn B. Taylor, Baton Rouge, La. Henry B. Thompson, Wilmington, Del. Frank G. Thomson, Philadelphia, Pa. Samuel Thorne, Jr., New York City W. V. S. Thorne, New York City H. H. Tim ken. Canton, Ohio W. J. Van Patten, Burlington, Vt. R. B. VON Kleinsmid, Tucson, Ariz. Col. J. W. Vrooman, New York City James Wakefield, Honolulu, H. I. H. C. Wallace, Des Moines, Iowa Rodman Wanamaner, Philadelphia, Pa. Lucien T. Warner, New York City Ridley Watts, New York City C. C. Webber, Minneapolis, Minn. Charles F. Weed, Boston, Mass. F. E. Weyerhaeuser, St. Paul, Minn. J. R. Wharton, Butte, Mont. Francis A. White, Baltimore, Md. Arthur Whitney, Mendham, N. J. Roger H. Williams, New York City H. S. Wilkinson, Syracuse, N. Y. B. B. Williams, Mount Vernon, O. Prof. Geo. Graeton Wilson, Cambridge, Mass. Bishop Luther B. Wilson, N. Y. City [57] FRIENDS OF THE AMERICAN SOLDIERS AT THE FRONT 'T the suggestion of Lady Charles Walston the above fund was or- ganized in England with the idea of supplying packages of comforts for Amer- ican soldiers at the front, and the appeal is principally made to Americans resident in England and France for support. Sir Charles Walston is chairman of the fund in England, and Major George Haven Putnam, late United States Volunteers, is the American representative. [58] HON. OSCAR STRAUS, EX-AMBASSADOR TO TURKEY. n^ ((J JEWISH WELFARE BOARD 'HE Jewish Welfare Board, a national organization officially recognized by the United States on the same basis as the Y. M. C. A. and the Knights of Columbus, ministers to the spiritual, physical and moral needs of the large number of men of the Jewish faith in the Army and Navy. In every camp or Naval Training Station in the country, you will find at least one Jewish chap in Olive Drab, who wears a six- pointed star (Star of David) on his sleeve. He is one of the two hundred field representatives of the Jewish Welfare Board. It is his function to act as counsellor, teacher, big brother and friend to the Jewish soldiers and sailors who come within his territory. Ministering in general to the spiritual and recreational needs of the men of the Jewish faith in camps and Naval Training Sta- tions, the Jewish Welfare Board's field representatives do a valu- able work in furnishing a point of contact for the soldier who un- derstands little English and is strange in his new surroundings. The man with the six-pointed star helps him to understand his new situation and to adjust himself. To attain this end, classes in Eng- lish, American History, Civics, French, etc., military tactics and campaigns on the Western Front have been established at practi- cally all of the camps by these representatives. A feature of the Jewish Welfare Board's program is the reli- gious function. The Jewish boy is given an opportunity to satisfy his religious nature as much as he desires. Religious services are conducted daily and Friday evenings, on all of the high holidays, and for special occasions. In the large camps, services are under [59] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA the direction of a resident rabbi, whose tasks include every variety of religious service, even an occasional burial or marriage. In addition to attending to the religious and educational needs of the boys in camp, the Jewish Welfare Board representatives in co-operation with other welfare agencies help to furnish them with wholesome amusements, entertainments, lectures and concerts, lit- erary discussions and study groups. The biggest accomplishment of the welfare worker, however, cannot be calculated or stated in cold facts or figures. This is the personal service in the hospital, barracks or guard house. The welfare worker does everything for the men from writing letters to finding relatives. The home office maintains an information service bureau, to which relatives of the soldiers, and even the soldiers themselves, bring their perplexities for solution. After the boys leave camp, the Jewish Welfare Board still takes care of them. Several Jewish chaplains are now with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. In the Navy, the Jewish Welfare Board does similar work. It has established connections with the men on board many United States war ships, and supplies them with Prayer books, Bibles, sta- tionery, reading matter in Yiddish and English, victrola records, comfort kits, etc. In the larger camps the Jewish boys have huts of their own for services, classes and entertainments. Fifty huts are now in the process of construction and will be opened by the end of the sum- mer. In all the communities adjacent to the camps, and in the many large cities as well, there are local branches of the Jewish Welfare Board which provide for the pleasure and comfort of the men and for the well being of their dependents. The local branches co-op- erate with the National Organization to make its work more effec- tive and far reaching in its results. They take care of the men at camps by supplying them with various comforts, by social work among the soldiers, and their dependents at home, by arranging entertainments and dances, by doing everything to make the life of the man in uniform more pleasant and comfortable. [60] 6 NATHAN STRAUS, ESQ., PHILANTHROPIST. ^ ^5=r^ THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA mmmm« »m «» :> » it » ; »»»«:»»»» ! > ; n i; : ; m« i Colonel Harry Cutler, of Providence, R. I., is Chairman of the Board ; Dr. Cyrus Adler, of Philadelphia, Vice-Chairman ; Walter E. Sachs, of New York, Treasurer, and Mr. Chester Jacob Teller, of New York, Secretary and Executive Director. The Administrative Council includes many of the most prominent American Jews. It is a triple function the Jewish Welfare Board performs — religious, social welfare and patriotic; with the soldier in camp, on the field, anywhere to be of service. By providing recreation, reli- gious consolation and wholesome surroundings, the Jewish Welfare Board attempts to create a condition as nearly normal as that of the boy's own home — foster the better spirit in man that is called morale. No matter what conditions a soldier is under, if he can have some of those things that he enjoys at home, he is better satis- fied and will make a better soldier. It is the big job of the Jewish Welfare Board to follow the flag, spreading good cheer wherever it goes, bracing up the wavering, raising the fallen in spirit, teaching those who do not understand that they may emerge from this conflict, better men, better Ameri- cans and better Jews. The Jewish Welfare Board is in the war to help win the war. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THIS COMMITTEE IS ALSO THE ORGANIZER OF THE JEWISH WAR RELIEF. Louis Marshall, Chairman Arthur Lehman, Treasurer J. L. Magnes, Vice-Chairman Paul Baerwald, Associate Treasurer Cyrus L. Sulzberger, Secretary Cyrus Adler, Philadelphia Jacob Billikopf, Kansas City David A. Brown, Detroit Edward N. Calisch, Richmond David M. Bressler, New York Harry Cutler, Providence Samuel Dorf, New York Abram I. Elkus, New York Lee K. Frankel, New York Harry Fischel, New York J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati Harry Friedenwald, Baltimore M. Fleishacker, San Francisco Felix Fuld, Newark Meyer London, New York William Fox, New York Herbert H. Lehman, New York, E. W. Lewin-Epstein, New York [61] THE VOLUNTARY AID xumxaitttiitt OF AMERICA Louis Isaac, Los Angeles Louis E. Kirstein, Boston Albert D. Lasker, Chicago Moses J. Greis, Cleveland Moses A. Gunst, San Francisco Mrs. Janet S. Harris, Bradford Leon Harrison, St. Louis Emil G. Hirsch, Chicago Harriet B. Lowenstein", New York Julius Levy, Baltimore Jacob D. Lit, Philadelphia Samuel C. Lamport, New York Edward Lazansky, Brooklyn Julian W. Mack, Chicago M. Z. Margolies, New York Henry Morgenthau, New York Joseph Michaels, Rochester Samuel Phillipson, Chicago Otto A. Rosalsky, New York Julius Rosenwald, Chicago Samuel E. Rauh, Indianapolis H. B. Rosen, New York A. E. Rothstein, New York Leon Sanders, New York Moses Schoenberg, St. Louis Jacob H. Schiff, New York Nathan Krass, New York Louis J. Kopald, Buffalo Oscar S. Straus, New York Mayer Sulzberger, Philadelphia Joseph H. Schanfeld, Minneapolis Nat. Stone, Milwaukee Reuben Sadowsky, New York Ben Selling, Portland Jacob Sperber, New York Louis Topkis, Wilmington Mrs. Abram Simon, Washington Nathan Straus, New York Marion M. Travis, Tulsa Isaac M. Ullman, New Haven Felix M. Warburg, New York A. Leo Weil, Pittsburg Jacob Wertheim, New York Stephen S. Wise, New York A. C. Wurmser, Kansas City Harry B. Zimman, Omaha Jacob Billikopf, Executive Director Henry H. Rosenfelt, Assistant Executive Director [62] THE WAR BABIES CRADLE WORKING IN DIRECT CONNECTION WITH THE FRENCH AND BELGIAN AUTHORITIES Mrs. J. Francis A. Clark, Honorary President George Gordon Battle Mrs. Jules S. Bache, Hon. Vice-President Honorary Treasurer EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE J. Horace Harding, Chairman George Gordon Battle Jules S. Bache Mortimer L. Schiff Hon. Peter T. Barlow Valentine P. Snyder ' OLLECTION of funds for the War Babies Cradle was begun in August, 1916, at the request of Countess Marie de Hemptinne, who had charge of a depot in Paris where clothing and food were received for dis- tribution among the destitute. The appeal for the War Babies Cradle was for funds to supply beds and care for French soldiers' wives who were about to become mothers. Mrs. Jules S. Bache was appealed to and an American Commit- tee was organized as follows : AMERICAN COMMITTEE: Mrs. J. Francis A. Clark, Hon- orary President ; George Gordon Battle, Honorary Vice-President ; Mrs. Jules S. Bache, Honorary Treasurer. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: J. Horace Harding, Chairman; Jules S. Bache, George Gordon Battle, Valentine P. Snyder, Hon. Peter T. Barlow. [63] THE yOLUNT A RY AID OF A ME RICA GENERAL COMMITTEE: Jules S. Bache, Mrs. Jules S. Bache, Hon. Peter T. Barlow, George Gordon Battle, Mrs. Edmund L. Baylies, Mrs. Francis Carolan, Mrs. J. Francis A. Clark, Lady Colebrooke, Col. William C. Cornwell, Mrs. Charles H. Ditson, Mrs. Jas. W. Gerard, Mrs. Lawrence L. Gillespie, J. Horace Harding, Mrs. Philip Lydig, Mrs. Ogden Mills, Mrs. Hermann Oelrichs, Francis Roche, Valentine P. Snyder, Mrs. Edward Stotesbury, Mrs. Barclay Warburton, Mrs. Orme Wilson. The names of the French Committee were forwarded by Mme. de Hemptinne as follows : FRENCH COMMITTEE: Honorary Presidents— Sir Louis Clooten, K.C.M.G., General Ditte, C.B., General Pety de Thozee, Kenneth Stuart Patton, Colonel O' Aubrey Taylor, C.M.G., Mme. L. de Hemptinne, Mrs. Kenneth Stuart Patton, Mme. De Cock, Baronne De Jamblinne De Meux, Mme. E. Linard, Mme. F. De Hemptinne, Military Chaplain Van Dyk. [64] THE ROUMANIAN RELIEF COMMITTEE OF AMERICA UNDER THE GRACIOUS PATRONAGE OF HER MAJESTY, QUEEN MARIE OF ROUMANIA AND THE ROUMANIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY. Honourary President H. E. Dr. C. Angelescu, Minister of Roumania to the United States. [HIS Committee is formed for the purpose of restoring the land, feeding the people and stopping the ravages of disease. The following are Honorary Members : H. E. Charles J. Vopicka, American Minister to Rou- mania; Mrs. J. Lee Tailer, Mrs. H. P. Fletcher, wife of American Ambassador to Mexico; Mrs. Goodhue Livingston, Mrs. Breck Trowbridge, Mrs. T. Tileston Wells, Mrs. Ernesto Fabbri, Mrs. Archibald Murray, Mrs. A. Murray Young. OFFICERS Breck Trowbridge, Sc.D., M.A., Chairman Mrs. Edward McVickar T. Tileston Wells, Litt. D., Mme. Stanculeanu Chairman Executive Committee Honourary Secretaries Henry Clews, Treasurer Members : His Excellency John W. Riddle, Formerly American Minister to Roumania and American Ambassador to Russia ; Major Louis Livingston Seaman, M.D., President of British War Relief [65] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA . »»» iii »i; ii «» i i i ii i i i i» i i» i » i iii»»»»m : »»»»»»» ; »» i » i »»nm»:»»»n»»»«»»»»»»»»i Association, Inc. ; Senator Gogu Negulescu, of the Roumanian Sen- ate; S. R. Bertron, financial member of the "Root" Mission to Rus- sia; Henry Clews, of Henry Clews & Company, Bankers; William Greenough, Samuel Hill, Rev. Dr. Epaminonda Lucaciu, Mrs. Edward McVickar, Edwin G. Merrill, Oscar Spirescu, Mme. Stanculeanu, Breck Trowbridge, T. Tileston Wells, Richard Tighe Wainwright, Constantin Orghidan, C.E., Madame C. Orghidan, Miss Eleonora Swayne, S. Albert Reed. RAINBOW DIVISION WELFARE ASSOCIATION National Chairman Mrs. Charles G. Stirling Chairman Mrs. Jessie Baskerville First Vice-Chairman Mrs. Albert S. Roberts, Jr. Secoitd Vice-Chairman Miss Wotherspoon Chairman of the Firemen's Work Miss M. Hughes Secretary Mrs. Ryder Henry Purchasing Agent Miss Chapman Corresponding Secretary Mrs. H. T. Nevanas Corresponding Secretary Miss Cora Remington Treasurer Mr. William A. Burke HIS Association was formed to send comforts and knitted articles to the men of the 42nd or Rainbow Division. The Firemen of New York City have been among the knitters and have done splendid work for this Division. A moving picture was taken of the Fire Houses in which this work was done, this picture being shown all over the United States and a reel having been given by Mr. Jack Cohn, of the Universal Film, to be sent to the boys of the Division in France. This was given the Knights of Columbus to take to them. A large proportion of knitting needles have been bought from the Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia, these men hav- [67] THE VOLUNTARY. AID OF AMERICA ing done a large amount of war work. They were given the pattern of a new paper vest and have turned out large quantities of same. This (42nd) Division is made up of Regiments from twenty-six States and the District of Columbia, namely, Pennsylvania, Louis- iana, Wisconsin, New York, Ohio, Georgia, Alabama, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Maryland, California, Missouri, North and South Carolina, Kansas, Virginia, Texas, Michigan, Nebraska, New Jersey, Tennessee, Oregon, Oklahoma, Colorado, District of Columbia. The National Chairman worked among the officers and men of this division for six weeks before they left for France, and imme- diately before leaving several of the Regiments were called to- gether and told to hold up their hands when without a sweater, etc., and in this way a list of their needs was left with the National Chairman, and as they are in communication with the officers of the Supply Train and others, they keep in touch with their needs. [68] REFUGEES IN RUSSIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Charles R. Crane Arthur Curtiss James William H. Crocker George T. Mayre Charles W. Eliot Henry Morgenthau Henry L. Higginson Charles H. Sabin Thomas Whittemore HE "Refugees in Russia" was organized in July, 1916, through the efforts of Mr. Thomas Whittemore, of Cambridge, Mass., who had already done work in Russia for the relief of Russian refugees, and wished to return to this work backed by a fund sufficient to make his efforts effectual. The national committee, called the American Executive Committee, appointed was as follows : Charles R. Crane, William H. Crocker, Charles W. Eliot, Henry L. Higginson, Arthur Curtiss James, George T. Mayre, Henry Morgenthau, Charles H. Sabin, Thomas Whittemore. A Boston committee was immediately formed, made up as fol- lows: Mrs. Ralph Adams Cram, Chairman; Mrs. Curtis Guild, Miss Sophie C. Hart, Miss Katharine P. Loring, Miss Mary C. Wheel- wright, Mrs. Roger Wolcott, Miss Sarah Yerxa, Mr. Joseph E. Chandler, Mr. Horatio A. Lamb, Mr. Chandler R. Post, Mr. Leo Wiener, Mr. Seth T. Gano, Mr. Charles G. Saunders. This Boston committee had charge of the raising of funds, and acted as a central committee in connection with committees in vari- ous other cities. [69] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA in»» : »»»t»» » »» iti i ! ii»»»t»»»»»mn«»»mt«t«»» » t 8» »»»»»»nm»K»»»» t » i »» i m«m. The New York Executive Committee was constituted as fol- lows : Frederick Wooley, Chairman (Philbin, Beekman, Menken & Griscom) ; Robert I. Barr, Treasurer (The Chase National Bank, New York) ; W. Dudley Carleton (of Jones & Carleton) ; Thomas Randolph Turner (The International Reconstruction League) ; Elizabeth K. Reynolds, Secretary. Mr. Whittemore has continued his work through all the changes of government in Russia, and has made arrangements for the planting of food crops to be used as food stuffs for the refugee population during the winter season. [70] APPUI Aux ARTISTES PEINTURE—SCULPTURE— ARCHITECTURE Was founded in Paris a few days after the war began by: La Vicomtesse De Rancougne Miss Gardner Hale Miss Gandell Miss Malvina Hoffman He most important Canteens are the following: 19 Rue Raguerre, Director, M. Andre; 1 Place du Calvaire, Director, M. Neumont. The Appui Aux Artistes has a very definite purpose. It helps artists and their families deprived of work by the War. It feeds them at its Canteens and clothes them at its Vestiaire. As there is no other organization doing similar work in Paris, its burdens increase as the War goes on, more and more artists, their resources ex- hausted, turning to it for aid. Executive Committee for America: Edwin H. Blashfield, Dewitt Parshall, Joseph H. Hunt, F. Luis Mora, Charles A. Piatt, Willard Metcalf, Jules Guerin, Ernest Peixotto, W. Howard Hart, Kenneth Frazier. Honorary Committees in France: Auguste Rodin, Antonin Mercie, Carolus Duran, Leon Bonnat, Whitney Warren, Frederick MacMonnies, Albert Besnard, Alexander Harrison, Henry Lapauze, Francis Auburtin, Jules Coutan, Jacques Hermant, F. C. Frieseke, Henri Deglane, Henri Lefort, Mme. A. Maignan, Mile. Breslau, Henry Clews, Seraphin Soudbinine. [71] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA t t«n»» ii »»»»»»n»»»»»» i » ii : iiii ii»:i iii i iiiiii i i i»»»»»i»»: i »»»»»:»»»»» ii i»mn»n i HONORARY COMMITTEE IN AMERICA ]. Alden Weir, President National Academy of Design. Edwin H. Blashfield, President National Institute of Arts and Letters. Kenyon Cox, President Society of Mural Painters. Grosvenor Atterbury, President Architectural League. Miss Malvina Hoffman, Treasurer. Herbert Adams, President National Sculpture Society. Richard H. Hunt, Charles Dana Gibson, President New York Chapter President Society of Illustrators. American Institute of Architects. COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION IN PARIS President of Honor, M. Dalimier, Under-Secretary of State of Fine Arts. Presidenfj La Vicomtesse De Rancougne. Vice-President, Mme. Lucien Vogel. Vice-President, Mr. Frederick Mathews. Secretary, M. Steinlen. Treasurer, Mr. Edwin Connell. Rodin (the late Pres. of the Societe Nationale des Beaux Arts) Comtesse De Lesseps Barthou, Ex-President of the Council. Henri Robert (Batonnier of the Order of Advocates) Dr. Pozzi, Professor of the School of Medicine. M. P. Peixotto, President of the American Chamber of Commerce. Admiral Fournier La Duchesse D'Uzes La Marquise de LaBorde August Jaccaci La Comtesse Greffulhe Comtesse De Noailles Walter Gay Mrs. Edward Tuck [72] THE SALVATION ARMY WAR WORK jHE Salvation Army movement cannot be ignored when one is surveying the social problems of the last twen- ty-five years, for the organization has come forward with a fresh optimism, with a theory that many problems involving multitudes may be solved only by dealing with the individuals in the mass, one by one, and attacking the problems in a buoyant, natural fashion, and without consulting the conventional methods of orthodox sociology. Not all the world has approved our methods, but not for many years have we heard a criticism concerning the zeal, the practical forms which their reli- gious experiences have assumed, the naturalness and humanness of the appeals of the officers and soldiers of The Salvation Army. They have lived where the mass of the people have lived, for they have been of the people chiefly. Men are men, in war as in peace, and the coming of the war found The Salvation Army not unpre- pared. To us it seemed that for this crisis The Salvation Army was born, for all our teaching and training and all the various forms of practical service to which we gave ourselves in times of peace we found had qualified us — had given skill to the hands, adaptability to the minds, sympathy to the hearts and strength to the wills to fill a place which in no other war had ever been filled in like measure by a religious organization. The Salvation Army's first attempt at War ReHef Work was during the South African war when on account of the great dis- tances from large supplies, the needs in remote sections were fre- [73] TH E^^^^^^yOLUNT^A AME R ICA quently very great. Moved by the desire to give aid to the suffer- ing and provide useful recreation for the soldiers while they were at leisure, the officer in command of Salvation Army work in Cape Town, proposed the erection of temporary huts in the camps. These huts obtained at once an immense popularity and opened up an en- tirely new form of war relief activity to the organization. So far as we can learn, aside from the Red Cross, no other organization engaged in this form of activity during the Boer War. With the experiencfe thus gained, tabulated and made permanent. General Bramwell Booth directed the opening of relief operations during the week in which Great Britain declared war on Germany. This phase of work, therefore, cannot be said to be new to The Salvation Army, and it was a most perfectly logical thing that when our own great country entered into the war The Salvation Army should accompany it in the role of Helper and Consoler. Out from our American cities the men poured in great multi- tudes. Most of these were from the classes among which the or- ganization works. Our Commander, Miss Evangeline Booth, saw at once in what direction our duty lay and before the first American soldiers had landed in France, she had selected an officer of fine ability to survey the field in France and to arrange, if possible, for an opening of our work. Within a few days he had reported favor- ably and before the second contingent of American troops had gone abroad, the first group of Salvation Army officers had sailed for pioneer work. Nothing, of course, was ready for them upon their arrival and both men and women suffered hardships along with the soldiers, frequently finding it necessary to sleep in the fields or the woods. Almost any sort of building served for the moment as a hut. Tents and portable buildings and partly demolished homes were employed. When the troops moved our officers moved with them. From training camp to trench our officers went with the American soldiers. It was a daring innovation and one against which we were strongly advised when we proposed to employ women in the war service work in France. It seemed to us. however, a great pity that the qualities which reside in good women should fail of being [74] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA n»n»» t »»»»» » «» > »»»«»»n»»»»tn : «»»»»mttt»»»»»« » »» i » : »»»»»»in»n»t mm« brought into operation where men most needthem. Our Comman- der, therefore, obeyed the inspiration and in every successive group of officers sent abroad, a large proportion were women. "Here is a soldier boy ! He forces his way through limitless mud ; it rains in- cessantly upon him; it is cold, with a raw bite in the air that he never knew before and he is lonesome and homesick and weary and probably discouraged. The drill has got into him, the discipline rubs and wears and has no lenient touch, no accommodating elas- ticity for the sore places it has made by repeated friction ; and then, just when he is feeling all frayed out and fractious he comes upon The Salvation Army hut and finds that the officers therein have followed him from America, just for the very purpose of meeting him at this juncture. He discovers there is a motherly woman in the establishment — an American woman! Hear her talk? She speaks like his mother spoke, and nobody quite spoke like his mother before this. This wonderful Salvation Army woman makes fruit pies and doughnuts and cakes and fudge, just as mother makes it. She can sew on a button and knows exactly what he means when he speaks of what he has been feeling — nay, she knows before he can get it all out!" Some of this is pure sentiment, but we will not deprecate it for that reason, for we understand how vast a place sentiment holds in the human heart and how dead and cold is a heart in which senti- ment has expired. We must know there is no sentiment in the can- non, the machine gun, the mud of the trenches and cruel barbed wire of No-man's land, the iron-bound orders of the military ma- chine and the boys with great longings for friends and for home and for a gentle voice and hand are feeling in their hearts, during many hours of each day, the metallic crash of these things. Then they go back out of the trenches and in warm buildings ; find women so wholesome and pure and gentle that they represent mother, and men so strong and righteous and encouraging that they are in the stead of father, and the warm, kindly hand of sentiment comes lo brush the clouds away and light up the gloom and get them ready for another day and — well, probably to reveal to them the beauty of holiness. [75] THE VOLU N T A R Y AID OF AMERI C A All these men and women we think of as "unofficial chaplains" — chaplains who are not a part of the big military machine and are there in an official capacity, but chaplains who are there out of love — out of sentiment, if you please ! These are our women and men connected with our hut work at the camps. A part of the duty of these men and women is distinctively concrete and unsentimental as will be seen from the following description of one of our first huts, by a correspondent of a New York paper: "The hut is really a long, sectional wooden building, 150x40 feet, brilliantly lighted through ten windows upon each side. The door at one end is as wide as the welcome that goes with it. I did not measure it, but soldiers in columns of fours could pass through, with room to spare. Under each window are roughly built, but substantially fixed, wooden desks equipped with paper, pens, ink and pencils. Spread in orderly fashion throughout the hut are small tables with chairs on each side. At the extreme end .from the door are shelves lined with good literature, the classics and classic novels, together with moderns of varied sort. Before these shelves are counters with khaki clad Salvationist attendants behind them. Upon other shelves are games of chess and checkers, and in a cor- ner a phonograph with a case containing hundreds of records. "Candies and chocolates, cakes and goodies are for sale at cost prices, and grape juice, root beer, with hot tea and coffee are to be had at a penny a cup. It's good coffee, too, as good as a man would wish to drink. "The Hut is in charge of a Salvation Army officer, who has five men and six salvation lassies with him. They are all musicians and will give concerts and song services for the soldiers at frequent in- tervals. They propose, in addition, making fudge, home-made cara- mels, cookies and cakes, with real American pie to be sold at cost prices. The huts will be used for services and Bible classes' on Wednesday and Sunday evenings. At other times they will be at the disposal of the soldiers, for denominational services or club and fraternity meetings. Already arrangements have been made for a Jewish service by the Hebrew soldiers of the battalion quartered near the hut, and the Loyal Order of the Moose will have an initia- [76] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA titttt tion and lodge meeting during the coming week." One of our own correspondents amplifies this description : "Meetings are held on Thursday and Sunday nights. The hut is crowded and the men seem concerned and interested in spiritual things. They join heartily in the singing. On Sunday morning the Chaplain of the regiment conducts his service in the hut. He has a good congregation of boys in olive drab and he is full of apprecia- tion for the help The Salvation Army gives to him." A press correspondent said of some of our pioneer officers: "The influence of these six women has already been felt in the vil- lage where the hut has been erected. They are the first American women who have come into the army zone to live the life of the troops and, as such, are looked upon in respectful wonder. They will cook their own meals in quarters attached to one end of the hut, and sleep on army cots, rising at reveille, and being ready to serve at all hours. The Salvation Army men will live in tents and take mess with the soldiers. These men are all of the human type, with the quality that attracts men written all over their counte- nances." Mr. Thos. Johnson, war correspondent for the New York Eve- ning Sun, writes to his paper: "Perhaps the most striking feature is that right behind the trenches of the American soldiers is a devoted little band of Salvation Army lassies. They are established in ruined villages well within the range of the shells. These women are quartered in smashed up buildings with dugout adjoining, cook- ing real American pies and doughnuts, mending clothes and -per- forming generally those little tasks which only women can do to comfort the men who are risking their lives daily." All through his service in camp, in the field, in the trenches and in the hospital, our Salvation Army officers go vvith our boys and then when the solemn taps sound and the boy "goes west" to the setting of the sun, on the longest of all journeys, she is at his side showing him the way to the straight and narrow gate into the City of Light. And then, beyond, when the broken body is laid away in the last trench she is there with her tears shed vicariously for mother and her flowers, to show that the boy is not forgotten. THE "VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i »»»» » »» i » i »»»K i iiii»»t»»n» i »»n»»»»»»>»» i mn»»»t»»»»«»» i »»»»»n»»»»«»» "Two girls came to-day with clusters of violets," writes Mr. Junius Wood, in the New York Globe, "they were artificial flowers which are the only ones to withstand the frost, and the girls laid some on each crude, bare mound. The girls who gave this tender touch were Salvation Army lassies. 'They seem cold compared to the flowers at home, but when the snow is gone we shall come again and plant seeds, which we hope will bloom after we are gone and the war is finished,' said one kneeling at a muddy graveside." An American Salvation Army woman officer writes : "It is piti- ful to see the boys — when we place the real home-made apple pies before them or as they stand looking into the kettle in which we are cooking the doughnuts, tears will come to their eyes, and we know that these are the connecting links, on these bloody fields, between the boys and home." Our women feel that they are doing a service for their God and their country when they are easing the burdens of the war upon the boys. So close are some of our huts to the firing trenches that they are continually in imminent danger. One night the boys in one of our huts heard a roar and a thud — and went about their work again. The next morning they found that a great 25 centimetre shell had struck less than forty feet from the hut, but failing to explode, had buried itself in the soft earth a dozen feet deep. Had it detonated it would have blown the hut into splinters and the hundreds of men in the hut into eternity. The gas masks which have been issued to our men and women are brought into use almost every day. A rocket sent up by the watchers in the advanced positions announces the coming of a wave of deadly gas. The watchers in the trenches in the rear sound the signal bells and every man must waken and have his gas mask ad- justed within a few seconds or it will be too late. One of our offi- cers said that one night in an advanced dugout he was awakened five times between two and six A. M. by the warning bell and had to protect himself against as many gas attacks. Our officers are men and women who have been trained to act in emergencies. A correspondent says : "Ensign Helen Purviance, Captain Geneva Ladd, (two Salvation Army women) and I con- [78] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA : »t ;t m»m«m»»»»»m»»»iiii i i»»»»mwm««mmmu»t»» i »ii iiiiiiii ; iii i»»»»»»»»t t »i ducted a meeting which had its unique features. Upon our arrival the Regimental Band was finishing its concert, the band-boys sit- ting inside the boxing-ring. It occurred to us that it would be a good place for us to sit, so we stepped into the ring, to the amuse- ment of the boys, who had never seen it in this wise before. They quickly crowded around the ring, some sitting and others standing, until fully five hundred men were there. It was a sight not to be forgotten, with the stars shining through the darkness, the occa- sional flash of signal lights, the whirring of airplanes and the deep notes of some mighty bass singer away there over the hills. It was a treat for the men to listen to a woman preacher in the person of Ensign Purviance. And after the first wave of novelty and amused smiles had passed, we found some of the men with tears on their faces — they were thinking of God and home and mother." Coming upon the heels of a boxing match and a band concert our ofificers found that the men turned readily and with real avidity to the things of the soul. The idea which lies behind the multifold forms of war activity of The Salvation Army may be defined in a single clause : Service, in the name of Christ — always Service." This idea had driven us to take up forms of service which to many who aim at the great and showy things are trivial and wasteful of time. So far as we can discover no thought was given, at least no effort was made, to help the boys save money until several months ago we made it known to the boys whom we touched that if they cared to save we should provide them with every possible facility. They might deposit their money with our officers at our huts in France, whence it should be forwarded to our National Headquarters at .New York and kept on deposit for them. We should also make it easy for them to send money to friends or dependent relatives in the home- land. Many thousands of dollars have thus passed through our hands and many hundreds of letters of gratitude have returned to us. We must turn aside a moment to note the work of an Ameri- can Salvation Army officer in Holland, before the United States entered the war. [79] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Staflf-Captain Alice Parker, a Salvation Army officer, of Provi- dence, R. I., married, and as Mrs. Juritsma went to live at the home of her husband at Utrecht, Holland. Then came the war and over from Belgium swarmed the myriads of refugees inundating the lit- tle land of dykes. In great haste flimsy buildings were thrown to- gether, but on account of the utter unpreparedness of the country for the emergency there was great suffering among the women and children. Mrs. Juritsma after visiting with other Salvationists one of the encampments near her home, returned with her heart fairly broken. She must do something in relief of the great need. The government, appealed to, treated the appeal most kindly but could do nothing further. A letter to General Booth in London brought a large sum of money which, however, was soon exhausted. With the aid of other Salvationists under her command and a few secre- taries she wrote to all parts of the world accompanying each letter with a train of prayers. Winter was upon them and the need for clothing was imperative. The little bundle she had was pitifully small when 17,000 persons must be clothed. But prayer is a mightily efficient force and with her little bundle of clothing she knelt before her God and said, "Here, Lord, have I 17,000 human forms to clothe and no money and only these few garments. Give me the wisdom and the strength to meet this great need." The prayer was heard. Mrs. Juritsma saw the British and Canadian Consuls. A short time later a ship steamed into Rotterdam harbor with her entire cargo billed to the little Salvationist — Mrs. Juritsma. We need scarcely say that men of eminence in government and military have taken official cognizance of the work of The Salva- tion Army on the field. President Wilson, in a letter to Miss Booth said, among other things, 'T want to take this opportunity to ex- press my deep admiration for the work that The Salvation Army has done and my sincere hope that it may be fully sustained." Sec- retary of War Baker endorsed this sentiment when he wrote to Miss Booth, "We are very glad to observe that The Salvation Army is lending its powerful and in many ways unique aid in the general co-operation of the community at large with the military activities of the country. This co-operation is a new thing in the world's his- tory, and the War Department welcomes and is grateful for such [80] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA help as you and your associates can give." Brigadier-General G. B. Duncan in France said : "The Salvation Army in this its first expe- rience with our troops has stepped very closely into the hearts of the men. Your huts have been open to them at all times. They have been cordially received in a home-like atmosphere, and their many needs provided for in your religious teachings. Your efforts have the honest support of our chaplains. I have talked with many of our soldiers, who are warm in their praise and satisfaction in what is being done for them. For myself, I feel that The Salvation Army has a real place for its activities with our army in France and I offer you and your workers, men and women, good wishes and thanks for what you have done and are doing for our men." [81] f^* — 1 M i m ?& i 'a I AMERICAN RED STAR ANIMAL RELIEF Conducted Under the Auspices of the American Humane Association [HE American Red Star Animal Relief was organized in June, 1916, by the Directors of The American Hu- mane Association to do for the American army ani- mal what the American Red Cross does for the sol- dier. It was definitely linked with the International Red Star Alliance, organized in Switzerland in 1914, to bring about international co-operation in behalf of sick or wounded animals and to secure the neutralization of those engaged in such work by in- ternational agreement. Dr. William O. Stillman, the originator of the idea in America and President of The American Humane Association, was made Director General of the American Red Star Animal Relief. In order to facilitate the work and to put it on a sound business basis the Directors of The American Humane Association selected an Executive Committee and a War Council. The War Council has supervision of its finances and general policies ; the Executive Com- mittee controls its executive and administrative affairs. The per- sonnel of these bodies follows : War Council : Hon. Alfred Wagstaff, President, American So- ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York City; W. Horace Hoskins, Dean, New York State Veterinary College, New York University, New York City; Mr. Ernest L. White, Pres- ident, New York State Horsemen's Association, Syracuse, N. Y. ; [82] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i<»»i»»»»»tHUf»t»» i »«nn»»»»»tmnm«nmi«»»i»» i t i iititi i n»» i i» ii i»»»iiimimim Samuel McCune Lindsay, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Social Legis- lation in Columbia University, New York City; Col. Anita M. Baldwin, Chairman, Los Angeles Branch American Red Star, Los Angeles, Cal.; Dr. Francis H. Rowley, President, Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Boston, Mass. ; Mr. Frank K. Sturgis, Chairman, Jockey Club Breeding Bureau, New York City ; Major George F. Chandler, President Army Horse Association and Superintendent of the New York State Constabu- lary, Albany, N. Y. Executive Committee : Dr. William O. Stillman, Director-Gen- eral, Chairman War Council and Executive Committee, Albany, N. Y. ; Mr. Albion E. Lang, Vice-President, American Humane Association, New York City; Mr. W. K. Horton, General Manager American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York City; Mr. Fred. L. Dutcher, President, Rochester Humane Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Rochester, N. Y. ; Mr. F. B. Rutherford, Operative Manager, Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Philadelphia, Pa.; Mr. Huntington Smith, Managing Director, Boston Animal Rescue League, Boston, Mass.; Mr. W. F. Crall, President, Norfolk So- ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Norfolk, Va. Mr. Edgar McDonald, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Nassau National Bank, Brooklyn, is Treasurer of the American Red Star Animal Relief. The American Red Star Animal Relief has provided large quan- tities of unlisted and emergency veterinary supplies for use in the United States Army in response to requests from armv officers. Much of this material has been taken abroad with various divi- sions. General Pershing has accepted six large motor veterinary ambulances from the Red Star for the use of the Veterinary Corps in France. These are being built in England. Each ambulance will carry two sick or injured animals at a time. More than 120 Branches and Auxiliaries have been organized in various parts of the United States. They are receiving the sup- port of the most representative people and have been able to turn m large sums of money for the work of army animal relief. [83] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA tm»mmmmmmtmtmmmmn tttt«n« t tffl« tmmmtmm«mn«t«m:«t HONORARY ADVISORY COUNCIL, Hon. Peter G. Gerry, U. S. Senator, Rhode Island. Hon. Charles S. Whitman, Governor New York. Hon. William M. Ingraham, Ex-Assistant Secretary of War. Hon. Frank O. Lowden Governor of Illinois. Hon. M. G. Brumbaugh, Governor of Pennsylvania. Mr. John Partridge, President San Francisco S. P. C. A. Hon. J. A. A. Burnquist, Governor of Minnesota. Dr. F. Torrance, President, American Veterinary Medical Ass'n Hon. E. L. Philipp, Governor of Wisconsin. Hon. Lucius E. Pinkham, Governor of Hawaii. Hon. William D. Stephens, Governor of California. Hon. James Withycombe, Governor of Oregon. Hon. W. L. Governor Mrs. Huntington Smith, President Animal Rescue League of Boston. Hon. Arthur Capper, Governor of Kansas. Hon. John L. Shortall, Director Illinois Humane Society. Hon. Emerson C. Harrington, Governor of Maryland. Mr. J. Gibson McIlvain, Jr. President Penn. S. P. C. A. Hon. Ernest Lister, Governor of Washington. Mrs. Franklin Couch, President Berkshire Animal Rescue League. Hon. Walter E. Edge, Governor of New Jersey. Miss Ruth Ewing, Editor Humane Advocate, Chicago. Hon. John B. Kendrick, U. S. Senator, Wyoming. Hon. J. F. A. Strong, Governor of Alaska. Harding, of Iowa. [84] THE AMERICAN McALL ASSOCIATION MISSION POPULAIRE EVANGELIQUE DEFRANCE OFFICERS President, Mrs. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York. First Vice-President, Second Vice-President, Mrs. Frank B. Kelley, Mrs. George E. Dimock, Elizabeth, N. J. Elizabeth, N. J. HE Association asks help for the thousands of chil- dren in France from whom the protecting love has been torn away, for the children of those no less heroic who have returned from the trenches to die of disease and for whose families no pension is allowed by the Government; and for those whose fathers are prisoners of war. The work of the Mission has been known to the French people for forty-six years and is in a position to minister to the present needs and to look after them in the future. Much of the work now carried on as war measures by other organizations must, of neces- sity, be taken over by the Mission in the years to come. State Vice-Presidents, Mrs. David R. Craig, Miss E. C. McVickar, Eastern Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Mrs. H. B. Allen, Massachusetts. Connecticut. Miss Anna L. Dawes, Mrs. Chas. H. Field, Western Massachusetts. Connecticut. [85] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Miss Alletta Lent, Eastern New York. Mrs. J. Warren Goddard, New York City. Mrs. Horace A. Noble, Western New York. Mrs. Samuel M. Vail, Northern New York. Mrs. Henry Van Dyke, New Jersey. Mrs. H. N. Paul, Eastern Pennsylvania. Miss Grace W. Fisher, Maryland. Mrs. Francis F. Prentiss, Ohio. Mrs. W. W. Seely, Southern Ohio. Mrs. T. C. Day, Indiana. Mrs. T. B. Blackstone, Illinois. Mrs. Edward H. Semple, Missouri. Mrs. Truman H. Newberry, Michigan. Mrs. Oren Scotten, Michigan. Miss Anna Duryee, New Jersey. Mrs. F. B. Dwight, New Jersey. Mrs. Frederick G. Mead, New Jersey. Mrs. a. L. Crocker, Minnesota. Mrs. William J. Dean, Minnesota. Treasurer, Mrs. Abraham R. Perkins, Germantown, Penn. Field Secretary, General Secretary, Rev. George T. Berry, New York. Miss Harriet Harvey, Philadelphia Assistant Secretary, Miss Helen T. Boltz. ADVISORY COMMITTEE Alba B. Johnson John Gribbel Edward H. Bonsall BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mrs. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York. Mrs. James C. Colgate, New York. Mrs. Frank B. Kelley, Elizabeth, N. J. Mrs. George E. Dimock, EHzabeth, N. J. Mrs. Edward Yates Hill, Philadelphia. Mrs. Adam H. Fetterolf, Philadelphia. Mrs. John F. Keator, Philadelphia. Mrs. Roberts LeBoutillier, Philadelphia. [86] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Mrs. Abraham R. Perkins, Philadelphia. Mrs. H. L. Wayland, Philadelphia. Mrs. John Gray Foster, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. James T. Young, Philadelphia. Miss Emily W. Palmer, Philadelphia. Mrs. Homer Adams, Philadelphia. Mrs. Louise S. Houghton, Philadelphia. Mrs. J. Lewis Crozer, Chester, Pa. Mrs. Clarence H. Wickham, Hartford, Conn. Miss Mary G. Tyler, Philadelphia. Mrs. Wendell Reber, Philadelphia. [87] THE NATIONAL MARINE LEAGUE OF THE U. S. A. (CHARTER PERPETUAL) PURPOSES : O awaken the pepple of the United States, whether living on the seacoast or in the interior, to a full un- derstanding of the necessity of re-establishing an American over-seas commercial marine, particularly for the expansion of our commerce with South America and Asia through the Panama Canal. To formulate measures for this purpose from the standpoint of our national policy and development, and not from that of any special interest. To promote full recognition of the paramount need of provid- ing world-wide export outlets for the products of our manufactur- ing industries, that labor and capital may be more steadily and prof- itably employed. OFFICERS P. H. W. Ross, President. Hon. Woodward Emery, Advisory Counsellor George W. Harper, Jr., Vice-President. Clayton Sedgwick Cooper, Secretary. TRUSTEES August Belmont, Chairman Edward J. Berwind Oscar L. Gubelman Geo. W. Harper, Jr. Alexander J. Hemphill P. H. W. Ross Hon. Woodward Emery [88] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA COMMITTEE ON INVITATION. A. C. Bedford, Chairman of the Board Standard Oil Co. August Belmont, Of the firm August Belmont & Co., Bankers. S. Reading Beetron, Of the firm Bertron, Griscom & Co., Bankers. Edward J. Berwind, President Berwind- White Coal Mining Co. Lewis L. Clarke, President The American Exchange National Bank. Warren Delano, Chairman, Board of Directors, Vinton Colliery Co. E. L. DOHENY, President Mexican Petroleum Co., William du Pont, E. I, du Pont de Nemours & Co., Ltd., Wilmington, Del. Howard Elliott, Director Northern Pacific Railway H. S. Firestone, President Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. George A. Gaston, President Gaston, Williams & Wigmore, Inc. J. Horace Harding, Of the firm Charles D. Barney & Co., Bankers. Edward S. Harkness, Director, C, M. & St. P. Railway. Alexander J. Hemphill, Chairman, Guaranty Trust Co. Arthur Curtiss James, Vice-President, Phelps, Dodge & Company. Minor C. Keith, Vice-President, United Fruit Com- pany. L. F. Loree, President, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad. Thomas N. McCarter, President, Public Service Corporation of N. J. Ogden Mills, Director, The Bank of New York. Edgar Palmer, President, N. J. Zinc Co. and Em- pire Zinc Co., Col. John W. Flatten, President, U. S. Mortgage & Trust Company. Charles F. Rand, Mine Owner. J. Leonard Replogle, President, American Vanadium Co. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. President, The Rockefeller Foundation. John D. Ryan, President, Amalgamated Copper Co. Jacob H. Schiff, Of the firm Kuhn, Loeb & Company, Bankers. Henry Walters, Chairman, Atlantic Coast Line Rail- road. Sol Wexler, Of the firm J. S. Bache & Company, Bankers. J. G. White, President, J. G. White & Company, John N. Willys, President, Willys-Overland Com- pany, Toledo, Ohio. [89] AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION CAMPAIGN HIS Association was formed for the purpose of erect- ing library buildings at the various camps and canton- ments and to furnish books to soldiers and sailors. The Secretary of War appointed the following Li- brary War Council to assist the A. L. A. War Finance Committee: Frank A. Vanderlip, Chairman; Asa G. Candler, P. P. Claxton, J. Randolph Coolidge, Mrs. Josiah E. Cowles, John H. Finley, James A. Flaherty, E. T. Stotesbury, Theodore N. Vail, Harry A. Wheeler. AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OFFICERS, 1917-1918 President, Thomas L. Montcomeuy, Pennsylvania State Library, Harrisburg, Pa. First Vice-President, JuDSON T. Jennings, Public Library, Seattle, Wash. Second Vice-President, Linda A. Eastman, Public Library, Cleveland, O. Executive Board, The president, vice-presidents and six other members as follows : For term expiring 1918, Matthew S. Dudgeon, Free Library Commission, Madison, Wis. Samuel H. Ranck, Public Library, Grand Rapids, Wis. For term expiring 191 9, Josephine A. Rathbone, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. Arthur L. Bailey, Wilmington Institute Free Library, Wilmington, Del. For term expiring 1920, Electra C. Doren, Public Library, Dayton, O. Frank P. Hill, Public Library, Brooklyn, N. Y. [90] MAJ. GEORGE HAVEN PUTNAM. 3=^ =3i THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Secretary, George B. Utley, Chicago. Treasurer, Carl B. Roden, Public Library, Chicago. WAR SERVICE COMMITTEE (Appointed by the Executive Board) J. I. Wyer, Jr., New York State Library, Albany, N. Y. ; Edwin H. Anderson, Public Library, New York City; W. H. Brett, Pitblic Library, Cleveland, Ohio; Gratia A. Countryman, Public Library, Minneapolis, Minn.; Electra C. Doren, Public Library, Dayton, Ohio ; Frank P. Hill, Public Library, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Charles F. D. Belden, Public Library, Boston, Mass.; Executive Secretary: George B. Utley, A. L. A. Office, Chicago. WAR FINANCE COMMITTEE Birmingham: W. H. Manly, Trustee; Carl H. Milam, Librarian. Boston: William F. Kenney, Trustee; C. F. D. Belden, Libra- rian. Brooklyn: Brooklyn Public Library — David A. Boody, Trus- tee; N. H. Levi, Trustee; Frank P. Hill, Librarian. Pratt Institute Library — F. B. Pratt, Trustee ; Edward F. Stevens, Librarian. Buffalo : George Davidson, Jr., Trustee ; Walter L. Brown, Librarian. Chicago : Chicago Public Library — Max Henius, Trustee ; Carl B. Roden, Librarian. John Crerar Librarj^ — Marvin Hughitt, Trustee; Clement W. Andrews, Librarian. Cincinnati : W. T. Porter, Trustee ; N. D. C. Hodges, Librarian. Cleveland: John G. White, Trustee; W. H. Brett, Librarian. Dayton : Electra C. Doren, Librarian. Denver : Frederick ' R. Ross, Trustee ; Chalmers Hadley, Librarian. Des Moines : Iowa State Library — ^WilHam S. Allen, Trustee ; Johnson Brigham, Librarian. Detroit: Charles R. Robertson, Trustee; Adam Strohm, Librarian. 191] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »mttmmm»»»Mti»»m»»»»»»« » »» m m»«m«ummmmw t m»um»» i ii!;»«»tmmtti Grand Rapids : Charles W. Carman, Trustee ; Samuel H. Ranck, Librarian. Hartford : Caroline M. Hewins, Librarian. Kansas City: James E. Nugent, Trustee; Purd B. Wright, Librarian. Los Angeles : Frank H. Pettingill, Trvtstee ; Everett R. Perry, Librarian. Louisville: Josiah B. Pow^ers, Trustee; George T. Settle, Librarian. Minneapolis : Gratia A. Countryman, Librarian. Montgomery: Thomas M. Owen, Librarian. New Bedford : Francis J. Kennedy, Trustee ; George H. Tripp, Librarian. New Orleans: John Fitzpatrick, Trustee; Henry M. Gill, Librarian. New York : E. W. Sheldon, Trustee ; E. H. Anderson, Librarian. Northampton : Joseph L. Harrison, Librarian. Philadelphia: Clinton R. Woodruff, Trustee; John Ashhurst, Librarian. Pittsburgh : John H. Leete, Librarian. Portland (Ore.): W. L. Brewster, Trustee; Mary F. Isom, Librarian. Providence: Henry B. Gardner, Trustee; William E. Foster, Librarian. Queens Borough: Robert B. Austin, Trustee; Jessie F. Hume, Librarian. Rierside: L. V. W. Brown, Trustee; Joseph F. Daniels, Librarian. St. Louis : George O. Carpenter, Trustee ; Arthur E. Bostwick, Librarian. St. Paul : Charles W. Farnham, Trustee ; W. Dawson Johnston, Librarian. Seattle: J. T. Jennings, Librarian. [92] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Springfield : Hiller C. Wellman, Librarian. Tacoma: Rt. Rev. Frederick W. Keator, Trustee; John B. Kaiser, Librarian. Wilmington: LeRoy Harvey, Trustee; Arthur L. Bailey, Librarian. Worcester: Charles M. Thayer, Trustee; Robert K. Shaw, Librarian. Youngstown: Dr. Ida Clarke, Trustee; Joseph L. Wheeler, Librarian. New York (at large) : Alfred Hafner, Charles B. Alexander, Edward L. Tilton, George Watson Cole. [93] AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR TRAINING IN SUITABLE TRADES THE MAIMED SOLDIERS OF FRANCE 0-DAY in France there are thousands of maimed sol- diers unable to take up their life again unaided. This Committee is raising a fund to help these heroic men to help themselves. A man without arms can be taught to use his feet and to use artificial arms; a man without legs can learn a trade suited to his condition, and thus be enabled to support his family. The cost of training a maimed soldier in the schools now established is about $100. The principal trades taught include : Saddlery and harness mak- ing, carpentry and cabinet making, picture frame and gilding, book- keeping and general commercial education, stenography and type- writing, barber and wig making, basket making, industrial and or- namental drawing, binding, shoemaking,- English, mechanics, iron work, car driving, clock making, tailoring, hair dressing, soap mak- ing, tinsmith, glass work, carving, wood turning, varnishing. Under the patronage of the President of the French Republic, the "Union des Colonies Etrangeres en France en Faveur des Vic- times de la Guerre" was formed by representatives of the Allied nations to assist the maimed soldiers of the Army of France to be- come self-supporting. The Union is composed of leading bankers, merchants, presi- dents of the various Chambers of Commerce in Paris, and the high- est authorities of the French Government. [94] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA iiiiiiiintttttTtt»t»»»»n» ! mii ! >»t t »»min ! ! i »n» i ii ii ii i iiinii it tit » t »mm »iti n ttt; m !iii!i!tt!! t FRENCH COMMITTEE Union des Colonies Etrangeres en France en Faveur des Victimes de la Guerre UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC A. Briand, Ancien President du Conseil L. Barthou, Ancien President du Conseil M. Barres, Depute, Membre de rAcademie Francaise A. Brieux, de TAcademie Frangaise De Freycinet, Ministre d'Etat Justin Godart, Sous-Secretaire d'Etat au Service de Sante Militaire G. Hanotaux, Ancien Ministre E. Herriot, Senateur du Rhone, Maire de Lyon Amiral Lacaze, Ministre de la Marine A. Millerand, Ancien Ministre A. Painleve, Ancien President du Conseil A. RiBOT, Ancien President du Conseil William Martin, Ministre Plenipotentiare, Chef du Protocole S. Exc. William J. Sharp, Ambassadeur d'Amerique S. Exc. T. TiTTONi, Ancien Ambassadeur d'ltalie S. Exc. M. IswoLSKY, Ancien Ambassadeur de Russie S. Exc. M. de Alvear, Ancien Ministre de la Republique Argentine S. Exc. Le Baron Guillaume, Ancien Ministre de Belgique S. Exc. L'Ambassadeur D'Espagne S. Exc. L'Ambassadeur de la Grande Bretagne S. Exc. Le Ministre Plenipotentiaire du Bresil S. Exc. Le Ministre Plenipotentiaire de Cuba S. Exc. Le Ministre Plenipotentiaire du Danemark S. Exc. Le Ministre Plenipotentiaire de Norvege S. Exc. Le Ministre Plenipotentiaire des Pays-Bas S. Exc. Le Ministre Plenipotentiaire de Suede S. Exc. Le Ministre Plenipotentiaire de Suisse S. Exc. Le Charge d'affaires de Guatemala EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mrs. Charles B. Alexander Hon. Myron T. Herrick Mrs. Ogden Mills Hon. J. W. Riddle Mrs. William Douglas Sloane Mr. Edmund L. Baylies Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Mr. Moncure Robinson Hon. Joseph H. Choate, [deceased] [95] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF A MERI C A AMERICAN COMMITTEE Mrs. Edmund L. Baylies Chairman for the United States GENERAL COMMITTEE Mrs. James Herman Aldrich Mrs. Jules S. Bache Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. August Belmont Mrs. Gordon Knox Bell Mrs. Cortlandt Bishop Mrs. S. R. Bertron Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler Mrs. William Astor Chanler Mrs. John Jay Chapman Mrs. Joseph H. Choate Mrs. Henry Clews Mrs. W. Bourke Cockran Mr. Frederic R. Coudert Mrs. Howard Cushing Mrs. R. Fulton Cutting Mrs. Henry P. Davison Mrs. William K. Dick Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. Charles H. Ditson Prof. Charles A. Downer Mrs. John R. Drexel Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar Mrs. Ernesto Fabbri Mr. Paul Faguet Mrs. Henry C. Frick Mrs. Marshall Field Mrs. W. B. Osgood Field Mr. Haley Fiske Miss C. L. Frelinghuysen Mrs. Theodore Frelinghuysen Mrs. Gambrill Mrs. E. H. Gary Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson Mr. Arthur Gleason Capt. Robert Goelet Mrs. Ogden Goelet Bishop Greer Mrs. William Greenough Mrs. F. Gray Griswold Mrs. E. H. Harriman Mr. Thomas Hastings Hon. McDougall Hawkes Mr. a. S. Heidelbach Miss Eleanor G. Hewitt Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Mrs. Francis B. Hoffman Major F. L. B. Hoppin Mrs. Archer Huntington Mrs. Henry E. Huntington Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James Mrs. Oliver Jennings Mrs. V. R. Johnson Mr. a. D. Juilliard Mrs. Otto H. Kahn Mr. Le Roy King Mrs. Luther Kountze Mrs. J. F. D. Lanier Countess de Laugier Villars Mr. Philip W. Livermore Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. Maturin Livingston Mrs. William Goadby Loew Mrs. Philip Lydig Mr. Clarence H. Mackay Mrs. John Magee Mrs. Charles H. Marshall Mrs. Bradley Martin, Jr. Mrs. Walter Maynard Mrs. John G. Milburn Mr. Ogden Mills Mrs. Stanley Mortimer Mrs. H. Morton Mrs. Jordan Mott [96] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA nrnj mttnnuummim tmtmutmttnmmumttmtmtxtmn mtutmutm m nttmtmmmn tmui Mr. Chas. a. Munn Mrs. J. Archibald Murray Mr. Alfonso de Navarro Mrs. Frederick Pearson Mrs. Pendleton Mrs. Chas. A. Post Mrs. George B. Post Mrs. John T. Pratt Mrs. Pulitzer Mr. Ralph J. Preston Miss Cornelia Prime Mr. William Ross Proctor Mrs. Percy R. Pyne Mrs. Whitelaw Reid Mrs. Oakley Rhinelander Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Mr. Francis Roche Mrs. Alexander Hamilton Rice Mrs. Rives Mrs. Douglas Robinson Mr. Mortimer L. Schiff Mr. Chas. Scribner Brig. Gen. Chas. H. Sherrill Mr. Francis Lynde Stetson Mr. James A. Scrymser Rev. Dr. Ernest M. Stires Mrs. Sherman Mrs. Charles Steele Mrs. F. F. Thompson Mrs. William Payne Thompson Mrs. Leonard Thomas Mrs. John B. Trevor Mrs. Twombly Colonel Cornelius Vanderbilt Mrs. Frederick W. Vanderbilt Mrs. Alexander Van Rensselaer Miss Alice Van Rensselaer Mr. Lloyd Warren Mr. Whitney Warren Mr. Louis Webb Mrs. W. Seward Webb Mr. Charles D. Wetmore Mrs. Lucius K. Wilmerding Mrs. Orme Wilson Mrs. Beekman Winthrop Mrs. Robert Winthrop [97] MAYFAIR WAR RELIEF OFFICERS President, Mrs. John H. Holden, Vice-President, Secretary, Mrs. Charles G. Cornell, Jr., Mrs. Leroy Whitney, Treasurer, Executive Secretary, Mrs. Kenneth Murchison, Miss Clara S. Dashiell. FOREIGN MEMBERS Representative, AID 9 Mrs. Joseph P. Knapp. t,t -n t^ Miss Ruth Peabody IT CClSUfB'K ■., T- 1^ / Miss Florence Johnson Mrs. Edwin D. Connell. ■' „ ,- o , Miss Sally Parker Executive Secretary, Miss Frances Blagg. ^'^^ Marion MacLean AYFAIR War Relief was informally organized in September, 1914, as a committee to do that which was not then undertaken by the national and estab- lished organizations, namely, the sending of clothes, food and all kinds of necessities to the refugee Bel- gians and, later, for the destitute of France. The committee's work here was supplemented by a distribut- ing committee abroad, composed of the personal friends who had, at the outbreak of hostilities, appealed for help in their unexpected and immense task. Contrary to the original plan, which was tentative and in- spired by an immediate crisis, the work has grown from year to year in response to the ever-increasing needs. Surgical Dressings Committee: Chairmen, Mrs. William S. Scott, Miss Burritt. [98 ] THE yOLUNT A R Y AID OF AMERIC^^ Junior Surgical Dressings Committee : Chairmen, Miss Ruth Peabody, Miss Kathryn Bache. Evening Surgical Dressings Classes : Under direction of Mrs. LeGrand Benedict, Jr., Miss Withers. Sub-committees, of which the "Rumson" and "Bennington" are the most important, are scat- tered throughout the country. The "Rumson" Surgical Dressings Committee: Chairman, Mrs. Thomas C. Clarke. The "Bennington" Surgical Dressings Committee : Chairmen, Mrs. Shoemaker, Miss Helen R. Johnson. Two Canteen Units, enrolled in First Division, New York Canteen: Unit No. 1 — Mrs. H. LeRoy Whitney, lieutenant; Unit No. 2 — Mrs. Theodore H. Dodge, lieutenant. Motor Service in France is supplemented here by those in training for the work at the Paris bureau. A car. Miss Bache in command, is now in commission to collect packages of clothing and other donations in the city. BOARD OF SUPPORTING MEMBERS : Mrs. W. C. Arnold, Mrs. Leroy Baldwin, Mrs. Ira Barrows, Mrs. L. H. Bigelow, Mrs. Hugh Blackinton, Mrs. Henry Foster Boardman, Mrs. W. H. Brevoort, Mrs. K. O. Chisholm, Mrs. Mamas J. Croffen, Mrs. T. A. Dodge, Mr. Charles G. Cornell, Jr., Capt. Douglas Delanoy, Mrs. Charles J. Fisk, Mr. S. H. Freeman, Mrs. S. H. Freeman, The Misses Geary, Mrs. Clinton Gilbert, Mrs. S. Gillison, Miss A. Hall, Mrs. Kingsland Hay, Miss Ada Helm, Mrs. W. R. Herrick, Miss Frances E. Hidden, Mrs. James P. Higginson, Mr. James N. Hill, Mrs. James N. Hill, Mr. John H. Holden, Capt. John Hussey, Mrs. John Hussey, Mrs. Charles Ingram, Mrs. C. O. Johnson, Mr. Charles E. Johnson, Mrs. Charles E. Johnson, Mrs. Guy B. Johnson, Miss Helen Johnson, Miss Edith Kane, Mrs. Reuel B. Kimball, Mrs. W. B. Leeds, Capt. Arthur Little, Miss Elinor Means, Miss Mary Miller, Miss Jean Mills, Mr. Kenneth Murchison, Mrs. W. C. Orton, Mrs. Bernon S. Prentice, Mr. Ralph Randlet, Mr. T. F. Reynolds, Mrs. T. F. Reynolds, Mrs. W. A. Sawyer, Mr. George W. Seligman, Mrs. George W. Seligman, Mrs. E. De Forest Simmons, Deaconess Carryl Smith, Mrs J. Nevett [99] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ,'»nii»»iititi t iiitnitmnniiit» ii imnimH » tH»n»»iM»niimi»»iiniiiinniiliim i l l nilll l llttltt ti Steele, Mrs. Crarles E. Starr, Mrs. Henry L. Stoddard, Mrs. Spencer Turner, Mrs. N. I. Von Grampp, Capt. L. E. Waring, Mrs. L. E. Waring-, Mrs. W. P. Warren, Mrs. James N. Wilder, Mr. Howard Willets. HONORARY MEMBERS. Mrs. Arthur Murphy, Mr. Townsend Morgan, Attorney. LIST OF DISTRIBUTORS. Mme. Amy De Horrack Fournier, Comtesse De Balincourt, Mrs. George Brittan, Mrs. Edwin D. Cornell, Dr. Pierre Blazy. ADDITIONAL NAMES. Mrs. Andre Cheronnet ChampoUion, Mrs. W. H. Busk, Miss Anjinette Hall, Mr. H. Leroy Whitney, Mrs. John T. Willets, Mrs. Clarence Gary, Mrs. E. A. Richard, Mrs. Jules Bache, Mrs. Thomas Howell, Mr. Arthur Schumacher, Mrs. George Legg, Mrs. C. Weldon Keeling, Mrs. Marshall H. Clyde, Mrs. Beirne Kinney, Miss Louise Hodsdon, Miss Vera Bell, Miss Mildred Kane, Miss Dorothy Kane. [100] THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS [HE Knights of Columbus, one of the big war working organizations activel}^ engaged with the American Overseas Forces, is in the field with the express pur- pose of aiding in maintaining the morale of our troops at the highest possible pitch. Because of the important work the Order is doing along this line in American training camps and cantonments and with the American armies in Europe, the Knights of Columbus have been strongly endorsed by military and political leaders in all the Allied countries. General Pershing was among the first to welcome K. of C. secretaries and volunteer chaplains in France and gave them every possible help in carrying on their welfare work among the American soldiers. President Wilson publicly praised the work of the Order and strong endorsements were issued by Secretary of War Baker and Secre- tary of the Navy Daniels. The K. of C. early was accepted as one of the organizations operating under the direction of the Training Camp Commissions of the Army and Navy Departments. Marshal Foch, the French military genius, extended greetings to the Knights of Cokimbus in America and thanked them for the efforts they were making to help the Allied cause. The strong position that has always been taken by the Knights of Columbus in regard to moral hazards surrounding a young man's life has been recognized and welcomed, giving rise to the firm confi- dence that the influence of the organization in the camps adds much to their general tone. [101] THE^ ynSlimmiinnmmnmm....,.,m..n^^^ The great armies in our country's service, as has been well said, are made up of men separated from their homes and the social sur- roundings to which they are accustomed, and no small part of the success achieved in making them as fine as they are is the result of activities of agencies such as the Knights of Columbus, who have been sympathetic and constant in their co-operation with the Gov- ernment departments, merely competing in service and in no sense starting religious rivalry. The value to the army and to the coun- try of the work which this society, in common with others, is doing has been carefully estimated, and is appreciated very highly. The Knights of Columbus is an organization with more than 430,000 members in the United States. It has measured up to the gigantic task it accepted when the United States entered the war and in attempting to keep pace in every way with the rapid growth of the American armies here and abroad. The K. of C. first entered war work during the Spanish-Amer- ican War when it voted money to aid returning veterans at Mon- tauk Point. When the American Army mobilized along the Mexi- can border it entered the field on a larger scale and erected a chain of service buildings in New Mexico, Arizona and Texas. The cost of instituting and maintaining this system of recreation halls dur- ing the border trouble was met entirely out of the funds of the Order. When the Unitd States entered this war the Supreme Officers of the Knights of Columbus immediately volunteered its services. The offer was accepted and a fund was raised by taxing every mem- ber of the Order. Knights of Columbus secretaries and chaplains became popular almost immediately and it was apparent that a sum much larger than could be raised within the Order would be needed. In the first general appeal issued throughout the United States by the K. of C. a total of $11,241,529 was obtained. Knights of Columbus secretaries are now everywhere. They may be found in American training camps and cantonments, on shell-torn fields in Flanders and Picardy, in base hospitals where American wounded are cared for, in Italy, at embarkation points, aboard transports, and at points of debarkation. fl02] THE VOLUNT ARY AID O F AMERICA On September 1, 1918, there were 300 workers in France, 450 additional secretaries had been passed by the United States Gov- ernment and were being sent overseas as rapidly as shipping space could be obtained, and 200 others had been accepted by the Order. This means that there will be 1,000 K. of C. secretaries in Europe within a very short time. Clubhouses have been erected at points of embarkation in this country and debarkation points in France and seventy-five secre- taries have been assigned to permanent duty aboard transports plying between this country and European ports. One hundred secretaries have been ordered to Italy, where ten buildings are being erected. The Order maintains three buildings in London, a headquar- ters building in Paris and a total of forty-five permanent buildings throughout France. Others will be erected as they are needed. When Marshal Foch called the Allied armies from the trenches and strated the big drive toward Berlin the Knights immediately organized to "Follow the Flag." A fleet of big motor trucks was placed in operation to keep pace with the rapidly advancing armies and to provide our soldiers with a real "Service under Fire." Sup- plies, sent from America, are carried to several points of distribu- tion near the front lines. Here the supplies are loaded onto smaller trucks and are carried directly to the men who are doing" the actual fighting. The motorization of a large part of the organization in France was one of the most important steps taken by the Order's war workers. The trucks carry to the soldiers cigarettes, tobacco, chocolate, writing material, soap and towels, and other articles. Knights of Columbus clubhouses, huts and tents everywhere are wide open to men of all races, creeds and color. The Order's war workers accept no money for the supplies they distribute in hospitals, in the field, or anywhere else. In the following stanza from the poem "Knights of Columbus," by Edgar Guest, recently pubHshed in the Detroit Free Press, the spirit and mission of this society in its war work seem to be well expressed : [103] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA !Hn»nt»»«»n»»»» « »»Ht t H»«>t»H»»» t «»tt»»»»tt » H»H»t»»»»«»»»»»»»»H»t»t t t«t . "They do not ask the faith or creed Of him that comes into their hut ; True knighthood's door is never shut Against a pilgrim warrior's need. They question only : 'Would you rest And are you weary and opprressed Then, brother, lay aside your care. And come, this sheltering roof to share.' " On September 1 the Knights had 468 secretaries in American training camps and cantonments. At these points ISO buildings had been constructed, 56 were under course of construction and contracts had been let for 50 more. Large amounts of money have been appropriated to develop community service in large cities in the United States. An appro- priation of $300,000 was made to further this work in New York City, $30,000 was expended in erecting a building in Boston, and $50,000 for the same purpose in Detroit. In addition a large amount of money has been expended in developing community service for soldiers and sailors in seventy-five additional American cities. Vast amounts of supplies have been purchased or contracted for by the Order for use of American soldiers and sailors. The Order believes strongly in the development of athletics and outdoor sports. For this reason scores of men well known in athletics have been sent to American training camps and overseas and large amounts of athletic equipment have been placed. In ad- dition portable shower baths have been installed in huts in France wherever possible. Sports are encouraged, not only to keep the men physically fit, but to occupy their leisure time and keep them interested in clean recreation. The Knights of Columbus aims to provide social, recreational and educational facilities to all men in the service of our country. Tons of stationery have been purchased by the Order. Secre- taries urge the boys to write home often. The K. of C. Committee on War Activities is made up of the following: [104] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »t i » i i ;t nnt»t«» ;; ;» :i » »m tn nmffl{mmtt««mtm wttmuu{uiinin t:;it »» ;; ii iiiiiiii i ii!i » »^ William J. Mulligan, Chairman. William P. Larkin, James J. McGraw, Supreme Director. Supreme Director. James A. Flaherty, Dr. E. W. Buckley, Supreme Knight. Supreme Physician. Supreme Treasurer. Daniel J. Callahan, Supreme Advocate. Joseph C. Pelletier, Supreme Secretary. William J. McGinley, COMMITTEE ON SPECIAL WAR ACTIVITIES. This Committee is engaged in erecting and maintaining Visi- tor's Houses in Camps ; the equipment and operation of service clubs in cities and communities adjacent to camps and embarkation points, working in co-operation with War Camp Community Ser- vice; providing Hterature for the soldiers; and through its Com- mittee on Reconstruction, is working in co-operation with the War Industries Board and the United States Housing Corporation on the industrial problems arising out of the war conditions. [105] BLIND AND CRIPPLED RELIEF FUND For American Soldiers and Sailors and War Industrials A NATIONAL ORGANIZATION President, Mrs. Wendell Phillips. Treasurer-, • Secretary, James V. Boise, Mr. Edward Nixdorf. Manager, Chatham and Phenix Depository, National Bank. Chatham and Phenix National Bank. i^l^lgjJUHE work of this organization is to house, feed and medically care for the soldiers and sailors who are blind, crippled or permanently disabled while they are undergoing their vocational education. The com- mittee will go into any institution undertaking this work and scientifically care for the men, or run outside houses and take them to and from such institutions. They have had representatives in Europe studying first what these men require, and now have a representative in Washington conferring with the Federal Board of Vocational Education in con- nection with their future plans for the returning men. Beside the very best of food the men are given medical care. Arrangements are being made to run in connection with each large centre a farm from which fresh eggs, milk, cream, chickens, fruit and vegetables can be supplied. They have a one hundred acre place outside of Newburg, at Walkill. [ 106 J THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ! »»n»HH»t»» ttt tnt i! m»iMt»iii i »»H»n»»«t»t»»»»»t»«n»»»»n i »»»t»»HH»»» ttmn No public appeal for funds has been made, the expenses being carried by the proceeds of the booth at Hero Land, a dance given by the Automobile Club of America, and several thousand dollars which has been given among themselves. The Directors are : James V. Boise, Manager, Chatham & Phenix National Bank. John H. Duys, President, Leaf Tobacco Trust. Carrington Phelps, Secretary Authors' League, Organizer. Parker Sloane, President, United States Alloy Corporation. Alfred Stanley, Vice-President, Stanley's Soaps. John W. Surbrug, President, Surbrug Tobacco & Surbrug- Chocolate Corporations. George S. Waring, President, Waring Real Estate. Walter Statler, Comptroller, Metropolitan Life. Charles E. Hilles, Employers' Liability Co. Gerald Curran, Bankers Trust Co. John H. Herbert, Lawyer. fl07] THE LAFAYETTE FUND TO BE DEVOTED TO THE IMMEDIATE RELIEF OF THE UNAVOIDABLE SUFFERING OF THE MEN IN THE TRENCHES. Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Francis Roche. Auditors, Harris Allan & Co. HE Lafayette Fund sends Comfort Kits to the French soldiers, and will continue to do so. Mr. Francis Roche is Secretary and Treasurer, and among those on the New York Executive Committee are : W. Forbes Morgan, John G. Milburn, Ralph J. Preston, Frederic R. Coudert, Mrs. John J. Chapman, Mr. and Mrs. Archer M. Huntington, Mr. Charles D. Wetmore, Mr. Whitney Warren and others. THE FOUNDERS OF THE FUND ARE: Mrs. William K. Dick Mrs. William Astor Chanler Mrs. John J. Chapman Mrs. James B. Duke Mrs. Archer M. Huntington Mrs. p. Cooper Hewitt Mrs. Philip M. Lydig Miss Janet Scudder Mrs. Lee Thomas Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Mrs. Henry Rogers Winthrop Baroness de la Grange Mr. Robert L. Bacon Mr. Frederic R. Coxtoert Mr. Rawlins Cottonet Mr. R. Bayard Cutting Mr. Archer M. Huntington Mr. W. Forbes Morgan Mr. Philip W. Livermore Mr. Gouverneur Morris Mr. Ralph J. Preston Mr. Wm. Beverley Rogers Mr. Chas. S. Scribner, Jr. Mr. Chas. D. Wetmore Mr. Philip M. Lydig Mr. John G. Milburn [108] FRANK A VANDERLIP, ESQ., ij^- CHAIRMAN OF THE NATIONAL WAR SAVINGS COMMITTEE. 6 NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE >jMP?JjX?>f S there are no organized War Relief societies giving W^r^^aK^y recognition to the valued services rendered by the New York Stock Exchange and their various mem- bers, and in order that their splendid united efforts in connection with the Liberty Loan drives and general support of the Treasury Department's undertakings, shall not be lost to posterity, the names of some of the firms are herein duly recorded. Abbott, Johnson & Co. Adams, Davis & Bartol. Adler (Paul) & Co. Alexandre & Burnet. Amory (J. M.) & Son. Amy (H.) & Co. Anderson, Bruns & Co. Armstrong (H. P.) & Co. Asiel & Co. Auchincloss, Joost & Patrick. Auerbach & Rogers. Babcock, Rushton & Co. Bache (J. S.) & Co. Bachman (H. F.) & Co. Bamberger Bros. Barbour & Co. Barnes Bros. Barney (Chas. D.) & Co. Barr & Schmeltzer. Batcheller & Adee. Baylis & Co. Beams (J. S.) & Co. Beekman (Wm. B.) & Co. Belmont (August) & Co. Benedict, Drysdale & Co. Benedict (E. C.) & Co. Benedict (L. L.) & Co. Benjamin & Ferguson. Benkard (J. P.) & Co. Berg, Roesler & Kerr. Bernhard, Scholle & Co. Bissell (R. H.) & Co. Blair & Co. Blake Bros. & Co. Block, Maloney & Co. Blyth & Bonner. Boissevain & Co. Boody, McLellan & Co. Borg (Simon) & Co. Bouvier (M. C.) & Co. Boyd, Halsted & Co. Bramley & Smith. Brand (O. J.) & Co. Brown Brothers & Co. [109] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i«»»»i»n»»»»»»i»i»» i »»»»i»»n»» : »»»»n»t»»»»HH»n»»i i »i i »»» i »»HiHnnmmi Brown (Vernon C.) & Co. Brown & Coombe. Burr (M. Jr.) & Co. Burras (H. K.) & Co. Burrill & Stitt. Butler, Herrick & Kip. Byrne (J. M.) & Co. Callaway, Fish & Co. Cammann & Co. Campbell (H. G.) & Co. Carey (H. T.) & Co. Carleton & Mott. Carlisle, Mellick & Co. Carpenter (N. L.) & Co. Carter & Co. Chandler Bros. & Co. Chapin (S. B.) & Co. Chapman, Carman & Co. Chauncey & Co. Chisholm & Chapman. Clark (Henry I.) & Co. Clark, Childs & Co. Clark, Dodge & Co. Clement & Whitney. Clews (Henry) & Co. Coggeshall & Hicks. Colgate (Jas. B.) & Co. Content (H.) & Co. Cornwall, Reed & Meyer. Cox, Paret & Co. Cox & Sharp. Craig (W. R.) & Co. Crawford, Patton & Cannon. Curtis & Sanger. Danzig (Jerome J.) & Co. Davies, Thomas & Co. Davis (Fellowes) & Co. Davis (John H.) & Co. Davis (J. W.) & Co. Day & Heaton. De Coppet & Doremus. de Cordova (Cyril) & Bro. Degener & Burke. De Haven & Townsend. Denny, Pomroy & Co. Dewing & Co. Dominick & Dominick. Dominick Bros. & Co. Drake Bros. Drayton, Penington & Colket. Du Val (H. C.) & Co. Dufif (J. Robinson) & Co. Eastman, Dillon & Co. Edey (Fred) & Co. Edey, Leslie & Sloan. Edwards (A. G.) & Sons. Ehrich & Co. Elias (Albert J.) & Co. Emanuel, Parker & Co. Emmons (K. P.) & Co. Eric & Dreyfuss. Ervin & Co. Estabrook & Co. Evans, Stillman & Co. Fahnestock & Co. Farson, Son & Co. Feuchtwanger, Cahn & Co. Filor, BuUard & Smyth. Finch & Tarbell. Fisk (Harvey) & Sons. Floyd- Jones & Robison. Forrest, Davis & MacDonald. Foster & Adams. Foster & Lounsbery. Frank (Charles A.) & Co. Freeman & Co. Frost (B. Y.) & Co. Gay (Charles R.) & Co. Gilchrist, BUss & Co. Gilman & Clucas. Glidden, Davidge & Co. Goadby (W. H.) & Co. Goldman, Sachs & Co. Goldschmidt (H. P.) & Co. Gonzalez & Whitehead. Goodbody & Co. [110] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»i»in»»»»»»»»n»H»»«H»»»»»H»»»»»H»»»;»»»»»»t i »»»»»»»»»»»»»»H^mi; Goodhart (P. J.) & Co. Gould Bros. Graham & Miller. Gray & Wilmerding. Greer, Crane & Webb. Griesel & Rogers. Groesbeck & Co. Gross, Romary & Co. Gruntal, Lilienthal & Co. Gude, Winmill & Co. Guthrie (H. B.) & Co. Gwathmey & Co. Halle & Stieglitz. Hallgarten & Co. Halsey (CD.) & Co. Halsey & Hudnut. Halsted & Harrison. Harrim'an & Co. Harris & Fuller. Harris, Winthrop & Co. Hartshorne & Battelle. Hartshorne & Picabia. Hatch (W. T.) & Sons. Hayden, Stone & Co. Hearns (Jos. J.) & Co. Heidelbach, Ickelheimer & Co. Hellwig & Reutter. Hemphill, White & Chamberlain. Hendrickson & Co. Henry Bros. & Co. H. Hentz & Co. Herrick & Bennett. Herrick, Berg & Cp. Herts (C. A.) & Co. Herzfeld & Stern. Herzog & Glazier. Hess & Hess. Hetherington & Co. Hirsch, Lilienthal & Co. Hoge, Underbill & Co. Hollister, Barnes & Co. Hollister, Lyon & Walton. Holmes, Bulkley & Wardrop. Homans & Co. Honigman Bros. Hooley (Edwin S.) & Co. Hornblower & Weeks. Horton (H. L.) & Co. Housman (A. A.) & Co. Hoyt (Colgate) & Co. Hudson (C. I.) & Co. Huhn (Geo. A.) & Sons. Hume (H. M.) & Co. Hutton (E. F.) & Co. Hutton (W. E.) & Co. Imbrie (Wm. Morris) & Co. Iselin (A.) & Co. Jackson & Curtis. Jacquelin & De Coppet. Jenks, Gwynne & Co. Jesup & Lamont. Johnson & Wood. Jones & Lanman. Josephthal & Co. Kean, Taylor & Co. Keane, Zayas & Potts. Keech (F. B.) & Co. Keen & Ward. Kelley, Howell & Co. Kerr & Company. Kidder (A. M.) & Co. Kidder, Peabody & Co. Kilborne (A. W.) & Co. Kimball (R. J.) & Co. Kissel, Kinnicutt & Co. Knauth, Nachod & Ktihne. Knickerbacker (H.) & Co. Koch (Spencer B.) & Co. Kountze Brothers. Kraus Bros. & Co. Kuhn, Loeb & Co. Ladenburg, Thalmann & Co. Laidlaw & Co. Ladd & Wood. Lamborn & Co. Lancaster & Co. [Ill] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Langley (W. C.) & Co. McConnell (H. F.) & Co. Lansburgh Brothers. McCurdy, Henderson & Co. Lauer (William E.) & Co. McDonnell & Co. Lawrence (Cyrus J.) & Sons. McGraw, Blagden & Draper. Lazard Freres. McKee (Thomas M.) & Co. Lee, Higginson & Co. Megargel (R. C.) & Co. Lehman Bros. Merrill, Lynch & Co. Leopold (James M.) & Co. Miller & Co. Levinson (E. D.) & Co. Miller (G. Clinton) & Co. Levy (L.) & Co. Millett, Roe & Hagen. Lewisohn (Adolph) & Sons. Montgomery & Co. Lewisohn Bros. Montgomery (Henry E.) & Co. Libaire & Cooke. Moore (D. T.) & Co. Liberman & Stone. Moore (F. P.) & Co. Liggett & Drexel. Moore (W. D.) & Co. Lindley & Co. Moore & Perry. Lipper (Arthur) & Co. Moore & Schley. Lisman (F. J.) & Co. Moore, Leonard & Lynch. Livingston & Co. Morgan (A. C.) & Co. Livingston (Henry B.) & Co. Morgan (J. P.) & Co. Lloyd & Co. Morgan & Kane. Locke, Hodges & Co. Morgan, Livermore & Co. Lockwood (F. M.) & Co. Morison Bros. Loew & Co. Morris & Smith. Logan & Bryan. Morrison & Townsend. Louchheim, Minton & Co. Moseley (F. S.) & Co. Low, Dixon & Co. Moyse & Holmes. Luke, Banks & Weeks. Nash & Co. Mabon & Co. Newborg & Co. Mackay & Co. Newborg (J. L.) & Bro. MacQuoid & Coady. Newburger, Henderson & Loeb. Maitland, Coppell & Co. Newhall & Co. Manice (E. A.) & Co. Nicholas (H. L) & Co. Mann, Bill & Co. Nichols & Scheider. Manson (Thomas L.) & Co. Noel, Berman & Langley. Markoe, Morgan & Co. Noyes (J, M.) & Co. Martin & Co. O'Dell (Daniel) & Co. Martin & Floyd. Oliphant (Jas. H.) & Co. Maury, Rogers & Auchincloss. Onativia & Co. Maxwell & Co. Orvis Brothers & Co. McAlpin & Boulton. Paine, Webber & Co. McClave & Co. Palmer & Co. McClure, Jones & Reed. Parkinson & Burr. [112] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Parrish & Co. Pearl & Co. Peck & Co. Pelzer, B. H. & F. W. Pendergast, Hale & Co. Phelps & Neeser. Posner & Co. Post Bros. & Co. Post & Flagg. Potter, Choate & Prentice. Pouch & Co. Power, M. G. & Wm. E. Prentiss (Geo. H.) & Co. Prichitt & Co. Prince (L. M.) & Co. Prince & Whitely. Probst (J. D.) & Co. Provost Bros. & Co. Pynchon & Co. Pyne, Kendall & Hollister. Quincey (Chas. E.) & Co. Randolph (Edmund & Charles). Raymond, Shaw & Co. Read (Wm. A.) & Co. Redmond & Co. Remick, Hodges & Co. Rhoades & Co. Ristine (F. P.) & Co. Robinson & Co. Rogers & Gould. Rogerson & Donnell. Rollins & Co. Rothschild & Co. Rothschild (L. F.) & Co. Rothschild (V. Sydney) & Co. Roumage (C. C.) & Co. Rutherfurd (John A.) & Co. Rutter & Gross. Ryan (Allan A.) & Co. Salisbury & Worth. Salomon Bros. & Hutzler. Salomon (William) & Co. Sartorius & Einstein. Sartorius & Loewi. Savin (F. W.) & Co. Schafer Bros. Schall (William) & Co. Scholle Brothers. Schott (Chas. M., Jr.) & Co. Schulz & Ruckgaber. Schuyler, Chadwick & Burnham. Seasongood, Haas & Macdonald. Secor, Weil & Co. Seligman (J. & W.) & Co. Seligman & Meyer. Seligsberg & Co. Sharp & McVickar. Shearson, Hammill & Co. Sheldon, Dawson, Lyon & Co. Sheldon (Wm. C.) & Co. Shippee & Rawson. Shonnard, Mills & Co. Shuman & Seligmann. Sichel & Frank. Simmons & Slade. Simpson (R. H.) & Co. Slayback (H. B.) & Co. Smith & Gallatin. Smith & Lewis. Smith (Edward B.) & Co. Smith (Lyman D.) & Co. Smith (W. E. R.) & Co. Smithers (F. S.) & Co. Sneckner & Heath. Spaulding, McLellan & Co. Speyer & Co. Springs & Co. Starkey, Marshall & Co. Sternbach (Morris) & Co. Stewart & Co. Stokes (Walter C.) & Co. Stout & Co. Strong, Sturgis & Co. Sulzbacher (J. H.) & Co. Sutro Bros. & Co. Sutro & Kimbley. [113] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA im»>»»»»Hn»»»> : »»»n»» : »»»»»»«»»>»»»mttmnttnffl»»» i; » i »»»»»:»«»»»mmr Swartwout & Appenzellar. Tailer & Co. Tailer & Robinson. Tate & Hays. Tauchert & Thiele. Taylor, Bates & Co. Taylor, Smith & Hard. Tefft & Co. Tobey & Kirk. Toole, Henry & Co. Trask (Spencer) & Co. Trippe & Co. Tucker, Anthony & Co. Turner (C. J.) & Son. Turner (Charles W.) & Co. Underbill & Gilmor. Van Antwerp, Bishop & Fish. Van Emburgh & Atterbury. Vaughan & Co. Wade, Templeton & Co. Wadsworth & Wright. Walker Brothers. Walker (Joseph) & Sons. Wardwell & Adams. Ware & Leland. Warner & Co. Wassermann Bros. Watson (T. L. & Co. Weisl (Henry) & Co. Welles (C. E.) & Co. White & Blackwell. White, Weld & Co. Whitehouse & Co., Whitney (H. N.) & Sons. Whitney (Richard) & Co. Wilcox & Co. Williams, Nicholas & Moran. Williamson & Squire. Williston (J. R.) & Co. Wilson, Cranmer & Co. Wilson (R. T.) &Co. Winslow & Co. Winslow, Lanier & Co. Winthrop (Robert) & Co. Wollman (W. J.) & Co. Wood, Struthers & Co. Wrenn Bros. & Co. Wright, Slade & Harnickell. Zimmermann & Forshay. Zuckerman (Henry & Co OUT OF TOWN MEMBERS Adsit, Charles C, Chicago. Anderson (Lorenzo E.) & Co., St. Louis. Anderson & Powell, Cincinnati. Arnold (Allen) & Co., Boston. Baker (Alfred L.) & Co., Chicago. Barclay, Moore & Co., Philadelphia. Bartlett Bros. & Co., Boston. Bean (Chas. H.) & Co., Philadelphia. Beer, H. & B., New Orleans. Bell (Frank F.) & Co., Philadelphia. Bennett (James E.) & Co., Chicago. Bennett, Smith & Co., Detroit. Benson & Packard, Philadelphia. Biddle (Thomas A.) & Co., Philadel- phia. Bioren & Co., Philadelphia. Bishop, W. F., Norwalk, Conn. Bissell, George P., Wilmington, Del. Bowen (J. W.) & Co., Boston. Branch, Cabell & Co., Richmond. Branch (Thos.) & Co., Richmond. Bright (Elmer H.) & Co., Boston. Bright, Sears & Co., Boston. Brooks & Co., Scranton. Brown (Alexander H.) & Co., St. Louis. Brown Armitt) & Co., Philadelphia. Brown, A. L., Boston. Brown (Paul) & Co., St. Louis. Butcher, Sherrerd & Hansell, Phila- delphia. Cahn, Benjamin R., Chicago. Carstairs & Co., Philadelphia. [114] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Chambers (Henning) & Co., Louisville. Cassatt & Co., Philadelphia. Chase & Barstow, Boston. Childs, Kay & Woods, Pittsburgh. Clark (E. W.) & Co., Philadelphia. Clement, Curtis & Co., Chicago. Clement, Parker & Co., Boston. Colvin (W. H.) & Co., Chicago. Cooley (Francis R.) & Co., Hartford. Dabney (F. L.) & Co., Boston. Davis & Davis, Providence. Day (R. L.) & Co., Boston. Eberhardt (Geo. W.) & Co., Pitts- burgh. Edwards (John L.) & Co., Wash- ington. Eisele & King, Newark. Elkins, Morris & Co., Philadelphia. Emory, Freed & Co., Philadelphia. Eustis (George) & Co., Cincinnati. Fearon (Chas.) & Co., Philadelphia. Fitzgerald, Hubbard & Co., Boston. Ford & Enos, Rochester. Fox (Geo. S.) & Sons, Philadelphia. Francis Bro. & Co., St. Louis. Fridenberg, S. M. & M. S., Phila- delphia. Gardner, Penn & Co., Buffalo. Glendinning (Robt.) & Co., Phila- delphia. Gould, Geo. J., Lakewood, N. J. Gray, Merwin & Co., liartford. Harrison & Co., Philadelphia. Head (Charles) & Co., Boston. Hecker & Co., Philadelphia. Hibbard, Kalbfieisch & Palmer, Rochester. Hibbs (W. B.) & Co., Washington. Hincks Bros. & Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Hobart & Gray, Paterson, N. J. Hobson, Massie & Leigh, Richmond, Hord, Curtiss & Co., Cleveland. Houston, Fible & Co., Kansas City. Hulburd, Warren & Chandler, Chicago. King, Farnum & Co., Chicago. Lackey (F. D.) & Co., Wilmington, Del. Lamson Bros. & Co., Chicago. Lanahan (W. W.) & Co., Baltimore. Lewis (Charles E) & Co., Minne- apolis. Lovell & Co., Boston. E. Lowitz & Co., Chicago. Lyons (W. L.) & Co., Louisville. Mackubin, Goodrich & Co., Balti- more. Marcuse & Co., Chicago. Masten (A. E.) & Co., Pittsburgh. Mauran, Mulford & Co., Phila- delphia. McKee (Caleb L.) & Co., Colum- bus, O. McMullin (M. K.) & Co., Pitts- burgh. Mendoza & Co., Havana, Cuba. Moorehead & Elmore, Washington. Morris, Brown & Co., Pittsburgh. Nast & Co., Chicago. Newbold's (W. H.) Son & Co., Philadelphia. Noyes & Jackson, Chicago. Otis & Co., Cleveland. Owens, Anderson & Rumford, Wil- mington. Pearmain & Brooks, Boston. Perkins (Erickson) & Co., Roches- ter. Petry, Toland & Weiss, Phila- delphia. Poe & Davies, Baltimore. Prince (F. H.) & Co., Boston. Proctor, Cook & Co., Boston. [US] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Richardson, Hill & Co., Boston. Richter & Co., Hartford. Roberts & Hall, Cincinnati. Rogers, Joseph C, Columbus, O. Russell, Brewster & Co., Chicago. Schirmer (F. A.) & Co., Boston. Schmeltz & Nuttall, Pittsburgh, Pa. Scott & Stringfellow, Richmond. Secor & Bell, Toledo. Simon (I. M.) & Co., St. Louis. Skinner, Henry H., Springfield, Mass. Slaughter (A. O.) & Co., Chicago. Smith (Earnest E.) & Co., Boston. Sparks (J. W.) & Co., Philadelphia. Starr (Isaac) Jr. & Co., Philadelphia. Steinberg (Mark C.) & Co., St. Louis, Strandberg, McGreevy & Co., Kansas City. Sullivan Brothers & Co., Philadelphia. Thomson & McKinnon, Indianapolis. Townsend (J. J.) & Co., Chicago. Trimble, Harcourt N., Pittsburgh, Pa. Tucker, Hayes & Bartholomew, Bos- ton. Vance, William M., Colorado Springs, Colo. Wagner (E. W.) & Co., Chicago. Walker (G. H.) & Co., St. Louis. Weiss, Samuel, Philadelphia. Weld, Grew & Co., Boston. West & Co., Philadelphia. Westheimer & Co., Cincinnati. Whelen (Townsend) & Co., Phila- delphia. Whitney & Elwell, Boston. Wilson (J. S.) Jr. & Co., Baltimore. Wolf Bros. & Co., Philadelphia. Wright (A. J.) & Co., Buffalo. [116] AID FOR DESTITUTE BELGIAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN HIS Belgian Relief Work, with the co-operation of the Fund for Belgian disabled Soldiers, is under the high patronage of: His Excellency Baron E. de Cartier et de Marchienne, Belgian Minister, Washington; His Excellency L. de Sadeleer, Minister of State for Belgium, New York; Hon. P. Mali, Belgian Consul General, New York; Chairman: Mrs. Pierre Mali; Vice-Chairman and Treasurer: Miss Marie Louise de Sadeleer. This association carries on relief work for the destitute Belgian women and children and has also an organization for the relief of Belgian Disabled Soldiers. It has forwarded through Messrs. Brown Bros, large sums of money for the following Belgian Relief Works : 1. La Sante de I'Enfance (Health of the Children), Brussels. 2. The Assistance of the Families of deported Belgians in Germany, Brussels. 3. L' Assistance Discrete, Brussels. 4. Asiles pour Soldats Beiges Invalides, Le Havre, France. [117] SPEQAL WAR RELIEF WORK [N the great War Relief work carried out by the ladies of this country, many not only gave their effort and ^\f/[ijm^> money to recognized organizations, but in many hs^.ii^clKpyii instances assumed individual work, such as founding hospitals, establishing canteens, creating clubs for Sailors, and other forms of Relief and Comfort giving undertakings. CONSPICUOUS AMONGST THOSE WHO HAVE THUS DISTINGUISHED THEMSELVES ARE THE FOLLOWING: Mrs. Woodrow Wilson Mrs. (Wife of the President of the United States.) Mrs. Mrs. Vincent Astor Mrs. Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James Mrs. Mrs. Otto H. Kahn Mrs. Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt Mrs. Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Mrs. Mrs. E. T. Stotesbury Mrs. Miss Anne Morgan Mrs. Miss Maud Emily Kahn Mrs. Mrs. Ogden Mills Mrs. Mrs. August Belmont Mrs. Mrs. John Jay Chapman Mrs. Mrs. Joseph H. Choate Mrs. Mrs. Charles H. Ditson Mrs. Mrs. John R. Drexel Mrs. Mrs. Marshall Field Mrs. Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson Mrs. Mrs. E. H. Harriman Mrs. Mrs. Archer Huntington Mrs. Mrs. Philip Lydig Mrs. Mrs. Frederick W. Longfellow Mrs. Stanley Mortimer Whitelaw Reid Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Alexander Hamilton Rice Alexander Van Rensselaer William Payne Thompson W. Seward Webb H. Hobart Porter Frances Seaver Nina Larrey Duryea George Rose J. Borden Harriman Douglas Robinson Chas. B. Alexander Francis McNeil Bacon, Jr. Nicholas Murray Butler Wm. Bayard Cutting William Fellowes Morgan J. West Roosevelt T. J. Oakley Rhinelander Willard D. Straight [118] BROOKLYN WOMEN'S WAR RELIEF COMMITTEE [HIS is the first war relief committee established in Brooklyn, the second in Greater New York, since September, 1914. Its work has been carried on with- out interruption. It is supported entirely by volun- tary contributions and the proceeds of entertain- ments, sales, etc. There are no membership dues, no paid workers. Donations were contributed to the branch of "War Babies Cradle" and nearly $4,000.00 through the Children's Committee, "The Bees of America." In addition, this organization has shipped to 32 committees in England, Holland, France, Serbia and Italy, cases containing arti- cles of hospital supplies, food, new or worn clothing cleaned and repaired. OFFICERS Chairman, Mrs. Samuel Stewart Bradley. Recording Secretary, Mrs. Edward Meyer. Chairman of Branch of "War Babies Cradle," Mrs. John Hall Barnard. Honorary Chairinan, Mrs. Camden C. Dike. Treasurer, Mrs. Allen E. Shepard. Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. John Hall Barnard. Chairman of "Bees of America," Mrs. Burt F. Nichols. [119] COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN BELGIUM [This data is taken from the book written by Dr. Vernon Kellog, by his permission on behalf of the Commission for Relief in Belgium. Reference to "this year" means 1918.] — Ed. note. R. Shaler sought to interest the more influential Ame- ricans in London in the Belgian work and, through Mr. Edgar Rickard, an American engineer, he was introduced to Mr. Herbert Hoover, then the leading American engineer in London, who agreed at once to co-operate in every way with the American authorities and the British Government. Mr. Hoover was already conspicuous in re- lief work, as he had been the organizer and head of a special or- ganization called the American Relief Committee, created in Lon- don for the purpose of assisting and repatriating the 150,000 Amer- ican citizens who found themselves stranded in Europe at the out- break of the war. His sympathetic and most successful work in looking after the needs of these stranded Americans recommended him as the logical head for the new and greater philanthropic un- dertaking. On October 7, 1914, Mr. Hoover introduced Mr. Shaler to Am- bassador Page, who, after a discussion decided to cable the Govern- ment at Washington outlining the British Government's authoriza- tion and suggesting that if the American Government was in ac- cord with the whole matter as far as it had gone, it should secure the approval of the German Government. After a lapse of four or five days. Ambassador Page received a reply from Washington in [120] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA » t » t: n»»« : »n»«»» : ;»«H»»»»»»»»» : » i ««»«»:t» ; »«»»» ; »n«»»»»«»»»i»»» i »t m! which it was stated that the American Government had taken the matter up with Berlin on October 8th. After an exchange of telegrams between Brussels, London, Washington and Berlin, Ambassador Page was informed by Mr. Gerard, then American Ambassador in Berlin, that the German Government agreed to the arrangement, and the following day con- firmation of this was received from Washington. The first formal step in organization was taken by Mr. Hoover in enlisting the existing American Relief Committee (whose mis- sion was then complete) in the nev\r undertaking of Belgian relief, and in amalgamating its principal membership with the Americans in Brussels, already active along this line. Mr. Hoover, in the name of the American Relief Committee, telegraphed an appeal to the American public to consolidate all Belgian relief funds and to place them in the hands of the American Relief Committee for disposal, outlining the situation which had arisen in Belgium. On October 15th Minister Whitlock cabled an appeal to Presi- dent Wilson to assist in the relief of Belgium. It was determined by Ambassador Page and Mr. Hoover that it was desirable to set up a wholly new neutral organization. Mr. Hoover enlisted the support of Messrs. John B. White, Colonel Millard Hunsiker, Edgar Rickard, and Captain J. F. Lucey, all American engineers then in London, and these men together with Messrs. Shaler Hugh Gibson, and Clarence Graff, thereupon or- ganized, and on October 22d formally launched "The American Commission for Relief in Belgium," with Mr. Hoover as its active head, with the title of chairman; Mr. Heineman, as vice-chairman in Brussels; Colonel Hunsiker, as director in London; Captain Lucey, director in Rotterdam; Mr. Shaler, secretary in London; Mr. Hulse, secretary in Brussels; Mr. Graff, treasurer; Mr. White in charge of purchase and transportation; and Mr. Rickard in charge of public appeals. Ambassador Page in London and Min- isters Van Dyke and Whitlock in The Hague and Brussels, respec- tively, were the organization's honorary chairmen. The American Commission for Relief in Belgium became im- mediately and vigorously active in the acquirement of food sup- [121] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA lii i ii iii iii i iiiii i iiiii i ii mi i i iii ii iii i iiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimmii !'mmn iiiiiiii i iiiii m mtnm- plies and the solicitation of public charity. It entered also into or- ganizing relations with representatives from various Belgian towns who arrived in London seeking food for different parts of Belgium. Of these Belgian groups by far the most important was one that arrived in October composed of M. Emile Francqui and Baron Lambert, accompanied by Mr. Gibson. These gentlemen repre- sented the Comite Central of Brussels. Their visit was the special outcome of events that had been taking place in Brussels. Things had been moving there as well as in London. It had already become obvious that the situation in Belgium was no longer one local to Brussels or to a few of the large cities, but one that involved the entire country and people. All Belgium was crying for help, and more was needed in the way of organiza- tion than a series of unconnected provincial, city, or village com- mittees. A national organization was required, and one that could have continuous powerful outside aid. In October the Brussels Comite Central had held a meeting to consider the establishment of an organization of wider scope and one which should co-operate with the American organization in London. At this meeting Messrs. Francqui and Lambert were del- egated to proceed to London to confer with the Americans. The meeting which took place in London in October between Messrs. Hoover and Francqui was certainly one of the most mo- mentous in the whole history of the Belgian relief work. Both men of large business undertakings and world-wide experience — they had, indeed, met in China several years before under most in- teresting circumstances — they were able quickly to formulate a basis of organization and even the details and methods of arrang- ing the large financial measures necessary to the operation of the organization. It was determined that the Comite Central of Brussels should reorganize as a Belgian national committee, with a sub-committee in each of the provinces, and that Americans should be despatched at once to Belgium to act jointly with the National Committee and the various provincial committees. Soon after M. Francqui re- turned to Brussels, therefore, the Comite Central formally made [122] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i i MMM»»»»i!M»mi»»ntiii ! ii» i! iimmt!»n»M»»M»»»ii»iipni>m» i iiiimtn t »n» ii»tiiiiiiit!i » itself over with some changes, into the Comite National de Secours et d'Alimentation. At nearly the same time the American organization under- went a change of name. It remained, indeed, but four days under its original title. At the urgent suggestion of Minister Whitlock, Senor Don Merry del Val (the Spanish Ambassador in London), and Marques de Villalobar (the Spanish Minister in Brussels), both of whom had been consulted in the arrangements in Belgium and London, were added to the list of honorary chairmen. A little later, also, there were added the names of Mr. Gerard, the Ameri- can Ambassador at Berlin; Mr. Sharp, the Ambassador at Paris; and Jongkeer de Weede, the Dutch Minister to the Belgian Gov- ernment at Le Havre; and the name of the Commission was modi- fied by dropping from it the word "American." The new organization thus became styled : "The Commission for Relief in Belgium," which has been its official title ever since, although it has been popularly known under various names, as the "Hispano-" or "Spanish-American Commission"; the "Hoover Commission" ; and, more commonly, the "American Commission" or, as used by the Germans in Belgium and North France, "Das Amerikanische Hilfs-Comite." The Commission is usually called by its members, with characteristic American brevity, the "C. R. B." ; and this name, pronounced, "Tsay-er-bay," is perhaps the one most widely used by Belgians, French, and Germans alike. The two organizations thus formed and named began to exer- cise at once that close co-operation which has existed between them all through the work of Belgian relief. The details of their inter-relations, a clear understanding of which is necessary to a comprehension of the whole relief work, will be pointed out subse- quently; for the moment we return to the efforts to get the first food supplies from outside into Belgium. While in London, M. Francqui secured an appropriation of ap- proximately $500,000 for immediate use from the already existing Belgian Relief Fund. Representations were also made to the Bel- gian and the British Governments of the necessity for Allied gov- ernment assistance. Through the aid of the American press repre- sentatives in London the new American organization was made [123] THE yO.LUNTA RY AID OF AMERICA """"'»'»" "''»»»' ' ' ''' "' 'ii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiii i iiiiiiiiii i i iiiiii» iiii ii ii i ii »» ii ni i i iiiiii; ii iiimiii widely known to the American public, while through the British press it was given strong support throughout the British Empire, so that by October 22d money began to flow in from public charity. In the meantime the British Government decided to grant it an initial subvention of $500,000. The Commission has not, as too widely believed in America, obtained all of the $300,000,000 worth (amounting in quantity to 3 million tons) of food and clothing it has sent into Belgium and North France, by charitable donation from the United States, nor even from the United States plus the rest of the world. Nor has it delivered all this food directly to the 9 1-2 million unfortunate inhabitants of Belgium and North France by the immediate hands of its American volunteer members. The total private charity of the world for the relief of Belgium and North France, put into the hands of the Commission as money or direct donations of food and clothing, has amounted to but $30,000,000, of which ten millions have come from the United States, and there have never been more than forty American Commission workers at one time in Belgium and Northern France. But it is also true that all of the many million dollars' worth of money and donations in kind have been obtained and devoted to the relief of Belgium and Northern France at the instance and through the efforts of the Commission; and that all the supplies purchased with the money have been bought by the Commission in the mar- kets of the world in competition with the buyers of all the Allied and neutral Governments and transported by the Commission in hundreds of ships chartered by it across oceans controlled by war- ships, through the Channel strewn with mines and infested by sub- marines, and finally distributed by canals and railroads and vicin- aux and carts all over 19,500 square miles of territory held in tne close grip of a hungry enemy army. And, lastly, it is true that the final getting of this food into the actual mouths of the 9 1-2 million imprisoned people of this territory, by all the elaborate machinery devised to control the adjustment to individual needs and resources ; the avoidance of fraud; the minimization of the feeling of shame on the part of persons to whom living on charity was never before, or ever expected to be, within their experience ; the special care of the [124] T H E V O L U F A M E R I C A children, the aged, and the ill— and all this without the loss of an appreciable fraction of the enormous food supply handled, by ship- wreck or capture or seizure by the hungry enemy army, and at a total outlay for overhead expenses of less than one per cent, of the whole moneys handled — all this has been partly the actual work, and partly work done with the immediate collaboration and advice or final control, of the Commission. There is, indeed, in the face of these two sets of statements of fact, a paradox that needs explaining. Fortunately, it is an explana- tion neither difficult to make nor hard to understand. As Belgium depends on imports for half her food supply, in- cluding three-fourths of her bread grains, it is obvious that the "relief of Belgium" meant much more than the relief of her poorest inhabitants, the providing by charity of food for her indigent and out-of-work people. It meant as well the making accessible of a sufficient food supply, especially of breadstuffs, for her entire popu- lation — rich and poor alike. However much money Baron this or Banker that might have and be wiUing to pay for food, barons and bankers and everybody else would have to go hungry if there was no food to buy. Or, if there was some food but not enough to go around, the barons and bankers would get it and the rest of the people would starve. There was necessary, then, not only a bene- volence (secours) for the poor and workless, but a provisioning or revictualling, (ravitaillement) of the whole country. The relief of Belgium would have to be, and it actually has been from the begin- ning, not only the collection and distribution of charity, but the obtaining, importing, and making accessible of such a supply of sta- ple foods, above all breadstuffs, as, added to the limited native food produced, would keep alive the whole population. It is in this extraordinary necessity that lies the explanation of the fact that although the Commission for Relief in Belgium has sent into Belgium and Northern France 300 million dollars' worth of food and clothing, it has supplied only 30 miUion dollars' worth from money or material received as donations from the outside world. The rest of the great sum necessary for this complete ravi- taillement of the whole land has come from loans to the Belgian Government by England and France and by the results of the busi- [125] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA :;»»t»»m«»»»i» i »»«n»««» » »»»nnn«m»»tmi» » »»«»».'t;;tnnmtnt»» iii »t»»»ww) ness methods of the Commission in connection with exchange, etc. Yet all of the great sum has been arranged for at the instigation and largely by the efforts of the Commission. Thus is explained the first paradox. The other paradoxical statement — to the effect that there have never been more than forty American Commission workers at one time in Belgium and Northern France, who obviously could not hand out personally all the 3 million tons of food and clothing to the 9, 1-2 million individuals of the occupied territories, but that never- theless the distribution of the supplies has been a function of the Commission no less real than the obtaining of the supplies to dis- tribute — is also easily explained. The explanation lies in the nature of the organization for the interior distribution. The basis of this organization is the existence in each of the nearly 3,000 communes of Belgium and 2,000 of occu- pied France, of a local committee headed by the burgomaster or maire. These committees control the communal warehouses and issue from them the food on ration both to those who can pay and to those who have been given ration cards paid for from the bene- volent fund. Over these communal committees are imposed regional com- mittees — a region is a larger or smaller group of communes estab- lished for convenience — who have charge of regional warehouses from which the communal warehouses are supplied. Over these again are the provincial and district committees, one for each of the nine Belgian provinces — a special one for Brussels and its im ■ mediate environs. Greater Brussels — and one for each of the six districts into which the occupied French territory is arbitrarily divided for ravitaiUement purposes. These committees have charge of the provincial and district warehouses and mills which are the major centres of distribution. Finally, over these again are the Belgian National Committee (Comite National Beige de Secours et d' Alimentation) and the chief French Committee (Comite d' Alimen- tation du Nord de la France). Associated with this series of communal, regional, provincial, district, and national committees are hundreds of special commit' tees supervising various special lines of benevolent activity and [126] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA tn» i i ii »»»»» ii »»»»»»»»» i »»»»»»»»»»»»i»»»««n»« : »«»»«»»»»:»»m i » ii mum more or less closely affiliated with the official series and controlled by it. The American Commission is independent of all these, but has representatives on the national and provincial committees and many of the special committees, and hands over to these under proper control and continuous supervision the foodstuffs imported. Thus it is that the forty thousand Belgians and ten thousand French men and women provide that host of hands necessary for the detailed distribution of supplies. Under other circumstances the foodstuffs and clothing- might well have been simply turned over to the Belgian and French relief organization for it to do with them as it saw best. But the circumstances were not other; they were precisely such as rendered impossible this easy escape by the American Commission from the responsibility of seeing the food and clothing down to the very mouths and backs of the people for whom they were intended. BELGIAN RELIEF TO-DAY The impression is widespread that the American part in the relief of Belgium and Northern France ceased with the entrance of our country into the war. This impression is wholly erroneous. The work of the American Commission for Relief in Belgium is go- ing on as importantly and as persistently as ever, with, however, one notable difference. There are, of course, no Americans within Belgium and France to receive and protect the imported food and control its disposition. That part of the work is being performed by Spanish and Dutch neutrals, organized as a special committee for that purpose and working under the patronage, advice, and pro- tection of the Spanish and Dutch Ministers in Brussels, Marques de Villalobar and Mynheer von Vollenhoven. All the German guaran- tees for the protection of the food originally given to the C. R. B. and its protecting and patron Ministers have been re-confirmed to the present Dutch committee and its protecting Ministers, and the work inside the occupied territories — both in relation to the Bel- gian and French committees and all of the people, and to the Ger- man Government of Belgium and the German Military Control of Northern France — is going on exactly as when the neutral relief [127] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA r»»» i i» i ii»i : »ii»»!i i » ! »mmi»i! ii »»»i»iiiitiii»i»i»Mtt)t)itMt» i« » t;;t tt niiiiii m ttmtmnn workers inside the occupied territory were Americans instead of Spanish and Dutch. But outside of those territories the whole work still remains in the hands of the American Commission. Its Rotterdam, London, and New York ofhces and staffs are intact ; Mr. Hoover is still its active head; it is buying the food in the markets of the world, char- tering its ships and sending them to Rotterdam under its flag and under the same guarantees of safety on the high seas as before. It tranships the cargoes at Rotterdam from the overseas ships into the canal boats, and starts them off for Belgium and Northern France. Only when they reach the borders and pass into the occu- pied territory do they pass from the control of the American Com- mission into that of the Hispano-Dutch Committee. In one feature of the outside work also, there is a difference from the situation as it existed before we entered the war. It is not an important feature from one point of view, although very impor- tant from another, but it is one which has had, as a corollary, the interruption by the Commission of its energetic nation-wide propa- ganda for charity, and hence has withdrawn, to a large extent, the activities of the Commission from before the public eye. Instead of deriving its special subsidies from Great Britain and France as be- fore, the Commission now receives a regular monthly subsidy from the French and Belgian Governments, which subsidies are in turn derived from loans made by the United States to these govern- ments. The sums thus received monthly are $7,500,000 on account of the Belgian work and $5,000,000 on account of the work in occu- pied France. These sums, although less in total than was being spent before the commencement of the unrestricted submarine warfare, in February of this year, have yet been sufficient to pay ships for its work. Under these conditions, therefore, the Commis- sion has not felt justified in calling on the charity of the world for all the food for which the Commission has been able to find cargo space in the face of the swiftly decreasing availability of additional money with which to purchase any food that has to be transported overseas. On the other hand, the very lessening of the opportunity to use money beyond that provided by the loan of this Government, has [128] THE V OLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i»mi i iiiin i ititittrttmt«t»»»t!»tMttiimini»t»mniiiiiinn!'tttmti;ttt t tt t m i »» itt »» »tttt »» iti created a situation within the occupied territories that makes even more urgent the rendering of assistance to many of the special local charities that can use funds within the country for the purchase of local supplies, the payment for labor and building, and the sending of large numbers of weak children to Holland for longer or shorter periods of recuperation. So that a number of the State and local American Committees have continued their devoted efforts to help in these ways, and their charity has done inestimable good. It is needless to say that the world shortage of food and ship- ping has made very much more difficult the work of the Commis- sion in its attempts to maintain a sufficient and regular supply of food from overseas. It has, indeed, been such a handicap that ever since last spring it has been impossible for the Commission to main- tain the figures of its former regular programme of importations, and the food supply of the unfortunate people within the occupied territories has been materially less during this last year than in either of the previous two years of the enemy occupation. Conse- quently the ration, already put at what seemed the minimum of safety, has had to be cut, with the inevitable result of an increased suffering. The suffering has revealed itself in the concrete way of a marked increase of illness and deaths. But the relief of Belgium and France is still going on and the American Commission is as much a part of it as ever, except for the actual presence of Americans inside the occupied territories. And the relief work must go on as long as the war lasts, or, at least, as long as the present conditions of encirclement and isolation of Bel- gium and Northern France continue. What the Belgians pray for, what they maintain so bravely and nobly their marvellous spirit for, and what the whole world hopes for and a large part of it is fighting for, is that real relief of Belgium which will come only with the driving off from its sacred soil of every grey-coated invader now on it. When that time comes, and not till then, can the whole story of fighting starvation in Belgium and Northern France be told. And it will be such a story of heroism opposing brutahty, of spirit per- sistent in the face of bodily suffering and mental angnish, of the higher humanness in struggle with the lower, that the world [129] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA iii i Mi i iii i miiu i i i iii i imt»» i imm»i»iiiintiM»tttmim»ntiii»niiiiiiiiinfnttUtMHII I HMnmm i emerging from the hideous maelstrom of a final war that marks the end, let us earnestly pray, of all war, will count the experience of Belgium as one of those parts of the terrible trial not entirely without its compensations. The Story of Belgium in the Great War is as truly destined to be as familiar to future generations in their look to history for encouragement and inspiration in the be- lief that man is more than animal, as it is destined to be familiar to pessimistic searchers for evidences of the persistence of brute in- stinct in man. MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN BELGIUM Who have served as Volunteers in Belgium and North France, or in the New York, London and Rotterdam Offices (as issued in November, 1917, by the London office). No list of the many thousands of devoted Volunteer Workers engaged in the collection of money and goods all over the world, especially in America and the Brit- ish Empire, is yet available. ' (Work began in London, Belgium and Rotterdam, October, 1914; in New York, No- vember, 1914; and in Northern France, April. 1915: American representatives were withdrawn from Belgium and Northern France in April, 1917.) Ben S. Allen W. C. Ames Frank Angell Robert Arrowsmith H. Foster Bain George B. Baker David P. Barrows Griffin R. Barry LiNDON W. Bates *LiNDON W. Bates, Jr. Jarvis E. Bell Louis Belrose S. Reading Bertron Carlton G. Bowden Frank P. Brackett Henry P. Bradford Bennett H. Branscomb *C. T. Brodrick Milton M. Brown W. Lyman Brown Floyd S. Bryant •j-German Bulle * Lost on 5.6". Lusitania, May 7, 191 5. X Died at Bordeaux, November, 1916. Oliver C. Carmichael Chas. Haseltine Carstairs Philip H. Chadbourn William H. Chadbourn D. C. Chamberlain H. Gordon Chasseaud Frederick H. Chatfield Oswald Chew Archibald D. Clark Arthur W. Clark .Stanley Clark Charles R. Clason C. A. Coffin Albert N. Connett T. O. Connett W. H. Crocker W. Morris Croll Oscar T. Crosby Edward D. Curtis Henry F. Cutler R. Fulton Cutting Paul Dana f Died at Brussels, Decemer 27, 1916. [130] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »iii i i ii ii i in iii ini»i»» i »nn»»»n ; mw:»i»«» t »»»»»»:»»u»n»»»»» i m»»i i »»iim» i » James Dangeefield, Jr. Thomas B. Dawson Harry L. Dunn J. W. Dickson William McKee Dunn Robert M. Dutton Richard T. Dyer Frederick Eckstein William C. Edgar J. H. Fleming Alfred C. B. Fletcher Horace Fletcher William W. Flint, Jr. John A. Gade Frank H. Gailor Perrin C. Galpin Elbert H. Gary George Inness Gay James W. Gerard Carleton B. Gibson Hugh S. Gibson John L. Glenn Prentiss N. Gray Joseph C. Green Donald Munson Gregory Warren Gregory William M. Gwynn GuiLLERMO F. Hall ■William Chapman Hall Herbert F. Hamilton George M. Harper Charles H. Hawkins Dannie N. Heineman Alexander J. Hemphill Emil F. Hollman William L. Honnold Herbert C. Hoover Roy T. House William Hulse Pierre Humbert Millard Hunsiker Edward E. Hunt John G. Iliff Will Irwin George S. Jackson Robert A. Jackson William B. Jackson Amos D. Johnson, Jr. Thomas H. Jones Charlotte Kellogg Vernon Kellogg St. Alban Kite Tracy B. Kittredge Newton B. Knox Marshall Langhorne Rev. Charles N. Lathrop Dr. Charles N. Leach Ernest Theophilus Liefeld Walter C. Lowdermilk Dr. William Palmer Lucas John F. Lucey R. Ridgley Lytle, Jr. Robert Mac Carter Charles H. Macloskie Dr. Alfred L. Malabre R. A. Mann Arthur B. Maurice Robert V. Maverick Louis J. Mayreis Frederick W. Meert Dudley S. Morgan David T. Nelson Thomas E. Oliver Earl D. Osborn Walter Hines Page Scott H. Paradise Maurice Pate William A. Percy GiFFORD PiNCHOT Philip S. Platt William B. Poland Francis H. Potter Philip B. K. Potter Henry S. Pratt Lewis Richards Gardner Richardson [131] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA im»HHH»»»u i »»> i »»» i »»ii» ii i»n»i»»» ii i»i» ii i i »»»«m»»»H»»»n»»» i »»»» i »»«»mtt Edgar Rickard Samuel S. Seward, Jr. William Graves Sharp John L. Simpson Richard H. Simpson Robert P. Skinner Charles A. Smith Robinson Smith George F. Spaulding "William H. Sperry T. Harwood Stacy F. DoRSEY Stephens William C. Stevenson Henry L. Stimson Gilchrist B. Stockton Carlos H. Stone William W. Stratton tDscAR S. Straus RoscoE Stubbs William M. Sullivan E. CoppEE Thurston Millard K. Shaler Frederick C. Thwaits Clare M. Torrey Frank Trumbull William H. Tuck Henry Van Dyke Julius A. Van Hee J. Broadhead Van Schaick JRobert H. Warren Laurence C. Wellington John Beaver White Almon C. Whiting Brand Whitlock Caspar Whitney Francis C. Wickes Edgar Williams Dr. Percy D. Williams Robert Withington Carl A. Young [132] SECOURS FRANCO-AMERICAN (FOR DEVASTATED FRANCE) This report was given to publishers in Sept., 1918 COMMITTEE Mrs. John A. Logan, Jr., Chairman Mrs. Alexander S. Clarke Miss Mabel Choate Mrs. Frederic Foster Carey DUCHESSE DE ChAULNES Mrs. J. F. A. Clark Mrs. J. R. Dilworth Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Mrs. Ladenburg Mrs. Paul Morton Mrs. Frederic Neilson Mrs. Stowe Phelps Mrs. T. J. Oakley Rhinelander Mrs. Roche Mrs. Rutherford Stuyvesant Mrs. Charles H. Sabin Louis D. Stanton, Treasurer of Guaranty Trust Co. [HE "Secours Franco-Americain pour la France Devastee" was founded in Paris about a year and a half ago, and at the request of the French Gov- ernment it undertook the rehabilitation of some of the devastated villages of the Somme district, begin- ning with Peronne and adjacent villages. The French Committee is composed of the following members : Hon. Presidents, Gabriel Honotaux and Mrs. Sharpe; Chairman, Mrs. Chas. Prince (niece of the late Hon. Jos. H. Choate) ; Vice-President, La Princesse Poggia-Suasa ; Secretary, Mme. H. de Sincay; Treasurer, Mrs. Ridgley Carter. In the autumn of 1917 Mrs. John A. Logan, Jr., was asked to represent this work in America and formed the above named Com- mittee in New York which co-operates with the French Committee in assisting the destitute peasants to return to their villages, at that time evacuated by the enemy; appeals were made for funds^ — [133] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF .AMERICA a successful concert being held at the Ritz-Carlton on February 21st for that purpose — also appeals for supplies of all kinds, — clothing, bedding, household utensils, tools and agricultural implfe- ments. Efforts were made to have villages adopted by cities or individuals, who became God-mothers to their particular village. Several were adopted. Families were thus enabled to return to their homes and the first fruits of their labor were beginning to appear in the fresh green of their crops when the second invasion by the enemy took place in March of this year. The peasants were once more driven from their homes and became refugees. Hundreds had to be clothed, fed and cared for. The policy of the Franco-Americain was not permanent reconstruction. Temporary relief only was aimed at and no money had been spent upon actual recon- struction of buildings. This is a very important point. The great point being the reclaiming of the land and the getting of French soil under cultivation again. The Society has now been given a tract o£ land in the Loire which has enabled it to give the refugees from the Somme tem- porary homes. Parcels of land being given to the families, neces- sary tools, implements, cows and chickens, etc., to enable them to start life over again and acquire a few possessions against the time when they can be restored to their own villages. [134] DOLLAR CHRISTMAS FUND FOR DESTITUTE BELGIAN CHILDREN HONORARY COMMITTEE Treasurer, Henry Clews, Messrs. Henry Clews & Co., Bankers. Secretary, Percy S. Bullen. Col. George Harvey, North American Review. Dr. Wm. T. Hornaday, Director N. Y. Zoological Park. Victor F. Lawson, Chicago Daily News. Adolph S. Ochs, New York Times. Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn, N. Y. Natural History Museum. William C. Reick, New York Sun. Melville E. Stone, Associated Press of U. S. A. Oscar S. Straus, Member of Advisory Committee named by the President of the United States to co-operate with the Commission for Relief in Belgium. George T. Wilson, Vice-Pres. Equitable Life Assurance Society. The object of the fund is to supplement the Xmas rations of children in Belgium and to make some provision for those w^ho are sick and especially destitute. [ 135 ] WOMEISPS OVERSEAS HOSPITALS, U.S. A. UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION HE support of the Women's Oversea Hospitals, U. S. A., was formally adopted by the National Amer- ican Woman Suffrage Association at its Annual Con- vention in Washington, D. C, December, 1917. This called "The Suffrage War Baby," is one of six special war activities to which the 2,000,000 members of the Association have pledged themselves. The support of the hospitals, assumed at $125,000 for the first year, was divided on a pro rata basis among the several state asso- ciations into which the National American Woman Suffrage Asso- ciation is divided. The hospitals, staffed entirely by women, surgeons, physicians, nurses, administrators, chauffeurs and mechanicians — even to a plumber and a carpenter — were originally intended for work among the neglected women and children of France. The first unit was offered to the French Government in 1917 and was gratefully accepted by M. Tardieu, French High Commissioner, in the name of his country. [136] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i!i » »t » H»»t t »»»»t» i »» ; in»nt > t ii n»»H« » »»»»> i »:nt»nnn i n»»mmii i »ii» i » i n»» i »»wm» The original unit has gradually become a regional hospital for the entire Department des Landes. The entire upkeep of the Refu- gee Unit has been guaranteed by the Woman's Apparel Unit, a divi- sion made up of women in the garment trades all over the United States. CENTRAL COMMITTEE Chairman, Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany. Mrs. F. Huntington Babcock Dr. Emily Lewi Mrs. George W. Bacon Mrs. Philip Lydig Mrs. Raymond Brown Mrs. Ogden Mills Reid Dr. Lee Edward Mrs. Edwin Thorne Dr. Alice Gregory Dr. Anna L von Sholly Mrs. Edward C. Henderson Mrs. F. Louis Slade Mrs. Samuel W. Lambert Mrs. E. R. Strange ADVISORS, Dr. Pearce Bailey Dr. Samuel W. Lambert Dr. Haven Emerson Dr. Percy Turnure Edward C. Henderson John L. Wilkie Dr. William H. Park [137] WOMAN'S NAVAL SERVICE, Inc. Brooklyn and Long Island Branch National Honorary President, Honorary Chairman, Mrs. Josephus Daniels. Mrs. R. N. Usher. Chairman, National President, Mrs. Maude Canfield, Mrs. George Dewey. Navy Club, Sailors and Marines. HE Woman's Naval Service, Inc., was primarily or- ganized as a defense organization in 1915 at Wash- ington, D. C. The wromen preached preparedness and the building of ships. The members did recruiting work until August last when Secretary Daniels closed the Navy to recruits. The big constructive work has been to establish a permanent Seamen's Club at 81 Sands Street, where from 200 to 300 men are fed at cost price and which maintains billiard tables, hot baths, etc. This club house was formally opened by Admiral Usher and his staff. Under the inspiration of the Woman's Naval Service, the ex- service men organized, this club, which is to be a nucleus of a chain of clubs from Coast to Coast such as the Mother Western club in England — with the U, S. A. at its head. [138] FUND FOR OUR WOUNDED ACTORS ; HE idea of the above Fund was originated by Mr. Geo. Arliss and endorsed by the Actors' Equity Associa- tion. With Mr. Arliss, as chairman of the organizing committee, were, Mr. Charles Cobin, Mr. Frank Mills, Mr. George Nash, and Pedro de Cordoba. This Fund does not appeal for charity outside of its own pro- fession. It is exclusively for the actor and actress, and works in co-operation with the Stage Woman's War Relief and the Actor's Fund. This is an appeal for Actors and Actresses wounded in the service of their country, for widows and orphans of those who are killed, and for wives and children who are suffering deprivation by reason of their dependence on the necessarily small pay received from the Government. WOUNDED ACTORS COMMITTEE Chairman, George Arliss Vice-Chairman, Thos. a. Wise. Treasurer, Richard A. Puedy. Miss Fanny Cannon, (of the S. W. W. R.) Edward Cantor Frank Carter Charles Coburn Madame Cottrelley Pedro de Cordoba Sidney Drew Mr. De Wolf Hopper John Drew Assistant Treasurer, Frank Gillmore. Secretary, Grace Griswold. Katherine Emmett Daniel Frohman (of the A. F.) Shelley Hull Percivale Knight Bruce McRae Lester Lonergan George Nash Otis Skinner [139] BELGIAN RELIEF FUND H. E. De Cartier De Marchienne, Belgian Minister to the U. S. Pierre Mali, President, Consul General. Rev. J. F. Stillemans. Chairman of Executive Committee, Robert W. De Forest. Lyman Abbott Henry Fairfield Osborn Otto T. Bannard W. Barclay Parsons Armand Batta Bernard Raap Tames M. Beck ^ -r t, ^ XT T> John Van Rickstal Cornelius N. Bliss Robert S. Brewster Francis Lynde Stetson Henry W. De Forest Thomas Thacher Cleveland H. Dodge Lionel Hagenaers Rev. O. a. Nys Alfred T. White This fund was organized for the relief of women, children, and other non-combatants of the great war. [140] CARDINAL MERQER FUND UNDER THE AUSPICES OF: His Exc. E. de Cartier de Marchienne, Hon. Louis de Sadeleer, Belgian Minister to U. S. Minister of State for Belgium, N. Y. Hon. Pierre Mali, COMMITTEE OF PATRONESSES Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. J. Aymar C. G. K. Billings Gerald Borden Nicholas Brady Nicholas Murray Butler LiNLEY Chapin Joseph H. Choate Frederic R. Coudert Drexel Dahlgren Edward Tiffany Dyer John Haldane Flagler Gibert Edwin Gould H. E. Gourd Elizabeth Hamilton E. H. Harriman Peter Cooper Hewitt Francis Burrall Hoffman Treasurer, Miss Marie La Montagne. Miss Georgine Iselin Miss Annie Burr Jennings Mrs. Otto H. Kahn Mrs. Maurice La Montagne Miss Marie La Montagne Mrs. Pierre Mali Mrs. John C. Moore Mrs. J. P. Morgan Mrs. J. C. Neeser Mrs. Cunliffe Owen Mrs. Henry Pearce Mrs. Douglas Robinson Mrs. Charles Steele Miss Marie-Louise de Sadeleer Mrs. Henry Seligman Mrs. Vanderbilt Mrs. Frederick W. Whitridge Secretary, Miss Marie-Louise de Sadeleer. This fund, which has the approval of the Belgian Government and personal co-operation of Cardinal Mercier, is for special Bel- gian relief. ri4i] THE FRENCH WAR EMERGENCY FUND President, H. R. H. The Duke of Connaught. Chairman, Albert Gray, K. C. Vice-Chairman, Honorary American Secretary, W. Vaux Graham, Esq. Mrs. J. D. Elliott. Honorary Treasurer, Honorary American Treasurer, Sir David Erskine, K. C. V. O. Capt. J. F. Lucey. S an English organization working in Frarjce. Capt. J. F. Lucey, the American Treasurer, and the only >Ar/[^Mj^>> official representing this Fund in the United States, ^i«2HrvS has defrayed all the over-head charges in connection w^ith carrying on the work of the Fund in America. He is one of the charter members of the Commission for Relief in Belgium and is also active in the Food Administration in Washington. Mrs. Caspar Whitney, of Bronxville, N. Y., was the American Secretary in England, and was succeeded by Mrs. John D. Elliott, who recently resigned to join the American Red Cross. Madame Flora O'Gorman was deputed to collect funds in America to carry on the work in France, together with Mrs. Frank Wright. [142] BRinSH AND CANADIAN PATRIOTIC FUND (Incorporated under the Laws of the State of New York.) HIS Fund assists the wives and families of British and Canadian soldiers who have enlisted from the States of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. Funds are collected from all British people in these states and as far as possible, the fund sees that the families of the men who have gone to the front do not suffer during their absence. This organization is working very closely with the American Red Cross, who are helping it very considerably in this work. OFFICERS Honorary President, President, Charles Clive Bayley. Brig. Genl. W. A. White, C.B., C.M.G. Board of Vice-Presidents, Rev. Walter E. Bentley, Thomas N. Jarvis, President, Overseas Club. President, Canadian Society. Charles W. Bowring, Thomas D. Neelands, Chairman, National Relief Fund. President, Canadian Club. KF.Darrell, L.B.Sanderson, President, British Schools and Ex-President, St. George's Society. Universities. Charles E. Hughes, T. Ashley Sparks, President, St. David's Society. Patriotic League of Britons Overseas. A. C. Humphreys, Sir Haedman Lever, K.C.B., President, St. Andrew's Society. J. G. Milburn. [143] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i »» i »»»»»»» ; »»>»»»;»m«»»»«»»»H«»«mttmnn»»»»» ; «»»» ii ii ii »»>itt»Kttmmt Secretary, Treasurer, L. B. Stoddart. R. E. Saunders. Auditors, Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Co. w. w. colpitts Herbert S. Buncombe Charles H. Holland F. T. Short EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. C. M. Keys, Chairman Thomas N. Jarvis W. J. T. Lynch Norrie Sellar Fred W. Shibley BOARD OF DIRECTORS. Charles Clive Bayley Rev. Walter E. Bentley Beverly Bogert Charles W. Bowring W. W. Colpitts E. F. Darrell Herbert S. Buncombe Frederick B. Francis Charles H. Holland Col. R. S. Hutchison Thomas N. Jarvis Br. Chas. F. Jones C. M. Keys W. J. T. Lynch John Moffat Henry Moir B. M. Morgan A. S. Murray Herbert J. Riley Samuel A. Salvage L. B. Sanderson R. E. Saunders Norrie Sellar Fred W. Shibley F. T. Short L. B. Stoddart Frederick Tench J. Kennedy Tod H. J. Whigham Brig. Genl. W. A. White. C.B., C.M.G. ADVISORY COMMITTEE. Frederick H. Allen Charles Clive Bayley Hon. James M. Beck Charles W. Bowring Frederic R. Coudert Paul B. Cravath E. F. Barrell Judge W. A. Bay Charles N. Edge R. Stuart Wortley Hamilton Fish, Jr. Haley Fiske Walter E. Frew John M. Fulton Benjamin S. Guinness R. Y. Hebden John Grier Hibben Thomas N. Jarvis Otto Kahn •Barwin Kingsley Sir Hardman Lever, K.C.B. F. L. LOREE [144] THE VOLUNTAR Y AI D Dr. J. J. Mc Phee Charles B. McDonald Bruce MacKelvie Rev. Dr. William T. Manning Walter E. Maynard John G. Milburn John Moffat Ambrose Monell Morgan O'Brien e. h. outerbridge Hon. Alton B. Parker C. A. Peabody George W. Perkins G. H. Putnam Hon. Theodore Roosevelt L. B. Sanderson Maj. L. L. Seaman, M.D. OF AM ERICA C. H. Sherrill E. L. Simpson William Sloane T. Ashley Sparks L. B. Stoddart ■Hon. William H. Taft J. Kennedy Tod C. S. Le Poer Trench William H. Truesdale George G. Ward George H. Whigham H. J. Whigham Harry Payne Whitney G. W. Wickersham Louis Wiley George T. Wilson [145] AMERICAN WOMEN'S HOSPITALS HE War Service Committee of the Medical Women's National Association, known as The American Wom- en's Hospitals, headquarters. New York City, was ap- pointed on June 20, 1917; at the first meeting of the Association held after America entered the present war. This Committee was assembled for the purpose of organi- zing the medical women of the country for war service. The Exe- cutive Board is as follows : AMERICAN WOMEN'S HOSPITALS Chairman. » Mary Merritt Crawford, M. D. Vice- Chairman, Gertrude A. Walker, M. D. Second Vice-Chairman, Mathilda K. Wallin, M. D. Third Vice-Chairman, Caroline M. Purnell, M. D. Corresponding Secretary, Belle Thomas, M. D. Recording Secretary, Frances Cohen, M. D. Associate Recording Secretary, DeLan Kinney, D. D. S. Executive Secretary, Mrs. C. M. Conger. Treasurer, Sue Radcliffe, M. D. Assistant Treasurer, Marie L. Chard, M. D. Counselor, Miss Bertha Rembaugh. Bank, The Guaranty Trust Co. of N. Y. Beside the Executive Board there is an Honorary Advisory Board which includes the wives of the members of the Cabinet, the wives of the governors of several states and other noted women in dififerent parts of the country as follows : [146] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA HONORARY ADVISORY BOARD Mrs. Robert Lansing Mrs. W. G. McAdoo Mrs. Newton D. Baker Mrs. Thomas W. Gregory Mrs. a. S. Burleson Mrs. Josephus Daniels Mrs. Franklin K. Lane Mrs. D. F. Houston Mrs. William C. Redfield Mrs. W. B. Wilson Mrs. Claude A. Swanson Mrs. H. D. Flood Mrs. L. p. P. Padgett Mrs. John A. Peters Miss Helen Cannon Mrs. Carl Milliken Mrs. William T. Sampson Mrs. William Ingraham Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt Mrs. Thomas B. Howard Mrs. Breckenridge Long Mrs. John Hays Hammond Miss Grace Denio Litchfield Mrs. Albert E. Sleeper Mrs. Hugh L. Scott Mrs. R. L. Breeckman Mrs. Emmet D. Boyle Mrs. M. G. Brumbaugh Mrs. Arthur Capper Mrs. August Lewis Mrs. J. J. Cornwell Mrs. F. D. Gardner Mrs. Emerson C. Harrington Mrs. W. p. Hobby Mrs. R. I. Manning An Auxiliary of which Miss Emily Ogden Butler is Chairman, and Mrs. Henry P. DeForest, Secretary, completes the organization. The following Committees were appointed to carry on the work planned : Organization of Medical Women for War Service — Belle Thomas, M. D., New York City. Foreign Service, Civil and Military — Chairman, Caroline M. Purnell, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa. N. Y. Representatives : Civilian Hospitals and Dispensaries — EHzabeth Mercelis, M. D., Montclair, N. J. ; Grace N. Kimball, M. D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; Army Hos- pital Service — ^Augusta Vedin, M. D., New York; Committee on Physical Examination — Chairman, Martha Welpton, M. D., Los Angeles, Cal. N. Y. Representative : Marie L. Chard, M. D. Women's Army Hospitals in Home Zone — Chairman, Mary Almira Smith, M. D., Boston, Mass. ; N. Y. Representative : Hospi- tals for Acute Cases — Mathilda K. Wallin, M. D., New York City; Hospitals for Convalescents — Harriet Baker Hyde, M. D., Green- wich, Conn. [147] THE y.Q L U N T A R Y A I D O F AMERICA Care of Soldiers' Dependents — Chairman, Eleanora S. Evarhard, M. D., Dayton, Ohio; N. Y. Representative; Ethel Doty Brown, M. D., New York. Hospital Service for Prisoners of War — Chairman, Minnie L. Mafifett, M. D., Dallas, Texas ; N. Y. Representative : Anna Hubert, M. D., New York City. Laboratory Work and Sanitation — Chairman, Martha Wollstein, M. D., New York City; Committee on Anaesthetists — Alma Vedin, M. D., New York City; Committee on Radiographers — Chairman, Gertrude W. Welton, M. D., New York City. Substitution in Hospital and Clinical Service — Chairman, Isabelle Thompson Smart, M. D., New York City. Substitution in Private Practice — Chairman, Edith R. Hatch, M. D., Buffalo, N. Y. New York Representative : Mary McMillan, M. D., New York City. Committee on Reciprocity — Chairman, Elizabeth J. Van Slyke, M. D., New York City. Committee on Dentists — Chairman, DeLan Kinney, D. D. S., New York City. Committee on Industrial Physicians and Surgeons — Chairman, Julia C. Strawn, M. D., Chicago, 111. WAR WORK COUNCIL Mrs. Charles Alexander, Miss Belle Bennett, New York. Louisville, Ky. Mrs. Frank Lusk Babbott, Jr., Mrs. F. S. Bennett, Brooklyn, N. Y. Englewood, N. J. Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Guy Blackner, New York. St. Louis, Mo. Mrs. James A. Baker, Mrs. Herbert Bodman, Houston, Tex. New York. Mrs. Newton D. Baker, Mrs. H. T. Bowie, Washington, D. C. El Paso, Tex. Mrs. Stephen Baker, Miss Ellen T. Brinley, New York. Colorado Springs, Colo. Mrs. James S. Bell, Mrs. Herbert J. Brown, Minneapolis, Minn. Portland, Me. [148] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA mt»»»»» i :»»« » »»»»»»»»»»»»nn t t»»tKnn:H»ttn t »t?t»»»»»»»»»» i »»t« t »»t »mt Mrs. William Adams Brown, New York. Mrs. Edward Buckland, New Haven, Conn. Mrs. Jonathan Bulkley, New York. Mrs. C. C. Bullock, Chicago, 111. Mrs. E. B. Burwell, Seattle, Wash. Mrs. Robert K. Cassatt, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Franklin P. Cator, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. K. D. Cheney, New York. Mrs. Winston Churchill, New York. Mrs. Helen Ladd Corbett, Portland, Ore. Mrs. James S. Cushman, New York. Mrs. Josephus Daniels, Washington, D. C. Mrs. G. a. Davidson, San Diego, Cal. Miss Alice Davison, New York. Mrs. Henry P. Davison, New York. Mrs. Donald Dey, Syracuse, N. Y. Mrs. Robert Dickinson, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Walter Douglas, New York. Mrs. Lawrence Draper, San Francisco, Cal. Mrs. Howard Dunlap, Emporia, Kans. Mrs. duPont, Wilmington, Del. Miss Gertrude Ely, Bryn Mawr, Pa. Mrs. J. W. Everman, Dallas, Texas. Mrs. Thomas Ewing, ' New York. Mrs. G. J. Fiebeger, West Point, N. Y. Mrs. Holmes Forsyth, Chicago, 111. Mrs. S. W. Mudd, Los Angeles, Cal. Mrs. Beverly Munford, Richmond, Va. Mrs. Randal Morgan, Chestnut Hill, Pa. Mrs. H. S. Prentiss Nichols, Germantown, Pa. Mrs. Endicott Peabody, Groton, Mass. Mrs. Harold Peabody, Boston, Mass. President E. F. Pendleton, Wellesley, Mass. Mrs. Percy Pennypacker, Austin, Tex. Mrs. Stephen Penrose, Walla Walla, Wash. Mrs. D. E. Pomeroy, Englewood, N. J. Mrs. Frederic Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. Herbert Lee Pratt, New York. Mrs. F. F. Prentiss, Cleveland, O. Mrs. John A. Prescott, Kansas City, Mo. [149] THE VOLUNTARY Mrs. William A. Read, New York. Mrs. Harmon Remmel, Little Rock, Ark. Mrs. Charles Richardson, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Charles Richmond, Schenectady, N. Y. Mrs. Raymond Robbins, Chicago, 111. Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., New York. Mrs. Willoughby Rodman, Los Angeles, Cal. Mrs. William W. Rossiter, New York. Mrs. Francis B. Sayre, Cambridge, Mass. Miss E. B. Scripps, La Jolla, Cal. Mrs. Gross R. Scruggs, Dallas, Tex. Mrs. James Sheffield, New York. .Mrs. Robert E. Speer, Englewood, N. J. Mrs. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J. Mrs. C. D. Stimson, Seattle, Wash. Mrs. Arthur G. Stone, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. E. T. Stotesbury, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Willard D. Straight, New York. Mrs. Joseph Stronge, St. Paul, Minn. Mrs. a. C. Shattuck, Norwood, O. AID OF AMERICA Mrs. Gallard Stoney, San Francisco, Cal. Miss Helen M. A. Taylor, Cincinnati, O. Mrs. John Thompson, Portland, Me. Mrs. Chester Thorne, Tacoma, Wash. Mrs. E. M. Townsend, . Oyster Bay, L. I. Mrs. Bayard Thayer, Boston, Mass. Mrs. Charles C. Webber, Minneapolis, Minn. Mrs. a. L. Whitaker, Cincinnati, O. Mrs. George Whitney, Westbury, L. L Mrs. J. C. Whitridge, Columbus, O. Mrs. Otto Wittpenn, Hoboken, N. J. Mrs. Leonard Wood, Camp Funston, Kans. Miss Mary Woolley, South Hadley, Mass. Mrs. Harry Emerson Fosdick, Englewood, N. J. Mrs. E. M. Fowler, Pasadena, Cal. Mrs. John French, New York. Mrs. G. R. Fearing, Jr., Boston, Mass. Mrs. John W. Geary, Chestnut Hill, Pa. Miss Mabel Lindsay Gillespie, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mrs. E. R. L. Gould, New York. LSO ■ THE VOLUNTARY AID ■xttatimttmnntmmmntxt OF AMERICA :ttttittuttitittttt Mrs. Thomas P. Graham, Paterson, N. J. Miss Jean Greer, New York. Mrs. Edwin C. Grice, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Frank T. Griswold, Radnor, Pa. Mrs. Legrand Guerry, Columbia, S. C. Mrs. Frank Hagerman, Kansas City, Mo. Mrs. Henry M. Halsted, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. William Pierson Hamilton, New York. Mrs. John M. Hanna, Dallas, Texas. Miss Katherine H. Hawes, Richmond, Va. Mrs. W. a. Hawkins, El Paso, Texas. Mrs. Arthur E. Hedstrom, Williamsville, N. Y. Miss Jennie Hendrie, Denver, Colo. Mrs. Robert C. Hill, New York. Mrs. Roy Hoffman, Oklahoma City, Okla. Mrs. John Grier Holmes, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Charles Hughes, New York. Mrs. Francis deLacy Hyde, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Charles W. Hulst, Englewood, N. J. Mrs. Harold Ickes, Hubbard Woods, 111. Mrs. Samuel M. Inman, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James, New York. Mrs. Alba B. Johnson, Rosemont, Pa. Miss Katherine Lambert, New York. Mrs. Robert Lansing, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Lewis Lapham, New York. Mrs. Robert S. Lovett, Washington, D. C. Mrs. J. T. Lupton, Chattanooga, Tenn. Mrs. George C. Lee, Westwood, Mass. Mrs. Warner M. Leeds, New York. Miss Anna McClintock, Denver, Colo. Miss Martha McCook, Paris, France. Miss Anne McCormick, Harrisburg, Pa. Mrs. Emily C. McDougald, Atlanta, Ga. Miss Mary E. McDowell, Chicago, 111. Mrs. Floyd McGowan, San Antonio, Tex. Mrs. William L. McLean, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. William McM aster, Portland, Ore. Mrs. William M. Manly, Baltimore, Md. 'Mrs. Henry Marquand, Bedford Hills, N. Y. [151 THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA n»««»t«»»»n»«n»{n»»»»»»:»n» ! »t»»»»»»» it »n»i»» i »»nmn»»»»»»»»t» i »»tm Mrs. Harris Masterson, Mrs. William Fellowes Morgan, Houston, Tex. New York. Mrs. Frederick Mead, Mrs. Dave H. Morris, Plainfield, N. J.. New York. Mrs. John Meigs, Mrs. Howard M. Morse, Pottstown, Pa. New York. Mrs. Van Sanford Merle-Smith, M:rs. W. A. Moses, New York. Los Angeles, Cal. Mrs. Owen R. Moon, Mrs. John R. Mott, Trenton, N. J. Montclair, N. J. n' [152] AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR DEVASTATED FRANCE, Inc. Recognized and Approved by the French Government. Under the Patronage of Mons. A. Lebrun, Le Ministre Du Blocus Et Des Regions Liberees. ' HE American Committee for Devastated France is a civilian organization of men and women of the United States who are giving of their time and of their means for the restoration of the suffering people of the invaded region of France, and extending any inci- dental relief possible to the allied armies operating in their vicinity. With National Headquarters at New York and branch organi- zations in the principal centers of the United States. It was incor- porated under the membership laws of the State of New York in March, 1918. The Committee acts directly under the authority of the French Government which has recognized it officially and designated it to be attached to one of its armies. It is under the patronage of Mon- sieur Lebrun, Minister of the Liberated Region. The primary purpose of the Committee is to raise the morals of the civil population of the invaded regions. The practical manifestations of its purpose are supplying food and clothing where needed, selling at cost or below to peasants and others, food stuffs, farm implements, seeds, chickens, rabbits, goats and other farm animals, which will most readily place the people and their land in a position to be self-supporting. [153] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA OFFICERS President, Hon. Myron T. Herrick. First Vice-President, Miss Anne Morgan. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Lewis B. Stillwell. Third Vice-President, Miss Maude Wetmore. Fourth Vice-President, Miss Elizabeth Perkins. Secretary, Miss Elizabeth Scarborough. Assistant Secretary, Mrs. Charles C. Goodrich. Treasurer, Dr. Alexander C. Humphreys. Assistant Treasurer, Mrs. Henry D. Whiton. Treasurer in France, Mr. John Ridgeley Carter. Commissioner in France, Mrs. Anne M. Dike. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman, Mrs. Lewis B. Stillwell. Miss Maude Wetmore Mrs. Henry D. Whiton Miss Elizabeth Scarborough Miss Mary Aldrich Miss Elizabeth Perkins Miss May Moulton Mr. Philip Ashton Rollins Mr. Edward Dean Adams DIRECTORS Mr. Edward Dean Adams Miss Mary Aldrich Mrs. Ogden Armour Mrs. J. F. Binnie Mrs. William Crocker Miss Louise Dawson Mrs. Anne M. Dike Mr. William Greenough Miss Emily Hedden Hon. Myron T. Herrick Dr. Alexander C. Humphreys Mrs. Robert Lovett Mrs. Francis H. Markoe President of Committee in France, Mrs. a. M. Dike. Vice-President, Miss Anne Morgan. Miss Anne Morgan Miss May Moulton Mrs. Lindsay Patterson Mr. George Wharton Pepper Miss Elizabeth Perkins Mr. Philip Ashton Rollins Miss Elizabeth Scarborough Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson Mrs. Lewis Buckley Stillwell Mr. Henry W. Taft Miss Maude Wetmore Mrs. Henry Devereaux Whiton Treasurer in France, J. Ridgeley Carter, Esq. American Embassy, Mrs. Robert Platt. [154] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA itUtttttttt Paris Depot, A dministrative. Miss Jessie Carson Miss Lucile Atcherson Mrs. Valentine Schuyler Miss Flora Bewick Miss Elizabeth Delafield Miss Caroline Duer Motor Service, Miss Gertrude Folks Miss Marion E. Hasseltine Miss Miriam Blagden, Director Miss Latrobe Miss Barbara Allen Mrs. Louis Lehr Miss Rose Dolan Miss Alice M. Parsons Miss Joan R. Michler Miss Margaret H. Parsons Miss Margaret Moore Miss Gertrude Partridge Miss Rosalie B. Moran Miss Virginia Peyton Miss Mary Turner Miss Elizabeth Smith Miss Murial Valentine Miss Emily K. Smith Miss Mary F. Watkins Miss Susan Watson Miss Elizabeth James Miss Elsie Eleanor Wilcox Agriculture, Miss G. Williams Miss Winslow Miss Mary Rutherford Jay, Miss Kate Hayden Mr. Robert Hartshorne, Directors, Publicity, Mrs. Henry B. Needham. Miss Elizabeth Baker Mrs. Jane Best Baum Miss Helen Colt Miss Frances Polk Dillon Miss Margaret Eaglesfield Miss Sylvia Delano Hitch Mrs. Gertrude Halliday Leonard Mr. Walter P. Magee Mrs. Herbert Pelham Williams Mrs. Bernice Davis Dairy, Mrs. Arthur Taylor. Dispensary, Mlle. Dumont Miss Georgiana Grant Dr. Kelly Miss Margaret Stevenson Dr. Allice Weld Tallant American Women's Hospital Unit, Mrs. Victor Braschi Dr. Kate Doherty Miss Jeannie A. Duncan Dr. Margaret E. V. Eraser Dr. Mary Getty Dr. Barbara Hunt Mrs. Leonore Lehman Miss Nora Annette Merrick Miss Jean H. Pattison Miss Lillian Pettingill Miss Margaret Blake Purvis Miss Ada Tobitt Miss Lida M. Touzalin Miss Katherine Towle Miss E. Pauline Whittaker Dr. Frazier Dr. Purnel Dr. Fairbanks [ISS] FRENCH HEROES LAFAYETTE MEMORIAL FUND, Inc. HE activities of the French Heroes Lafayette Memo- rial Fund began in the spring of 1916, and the organi- zation came into actual existence under that title in June of the same year. It was an outgrowth of the work conducted by the French periodical known as "La Vie Feminine," published in Paris by Mile. Valentine Thomson. This work took the form of supporting workshops where women, girls and disabled soldiers, made destitute by war conditions, were given employment so that they might become self-supporting. Money was also raised for the relief of destitute refugees and for the rehabilitation of parts of France recaptured from the Ger- mans. The American branch of the French Heroes Fund has contri- buted toward relief work proper. But its most important work and that which promises to become a permanent contribution to the welfare of the world has been the purchase of the Chateau de Chavaniac Lafayette in Auvergne and the establishment there of a school. In order to better carry on this work, which will grow larger with the years, it was decided to incorporate the French Heroes Fund, and accordingly this action was taken on November 30, 1917. On December 20th, the members held their first meeting and elected their Board of Directors. [ 156 ] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i i n»;i i »» > »»»H»»H»H» i » ii i ii i» ii in»n»iini»» i :»:»miii» ii !tnn»»!ii»»»» i :»m i :»m «» The Marquis de Lafayette, who inherited the Chateau in 1890 from Senator Edmund de Lafayette, is a grandson of Major-Gen- eral Lafayette's only son, George Washington Lafayette, who was the representative of Lafayette and a guest of Congress in this country at the Yorktown celebration. The Marquis Gilbert Mottier de Lafayette was born at the Chateau de Chavaniac in the French province of Auvergne, on September 6, 1767. The Chateau is some four hundred miles from Paris, in southern France. HONORARY PATRONS M. Clemenceau, Prime Minister. M. Barthou, Ex-Prime Minister. M. H. Bergson, Of the French Academy. M. Briand, Ex-Under Secretary of State for War. M. BOUTROUX, Of the French Academy. M. Briand, Ex-Prime Minister. M. Brieux, Of the French Academy. M. Jules Cambon, French Ambassador. M. Dalimier, Under-Secretary of State for Fine Arts. M. J. DupuY, Director of the Petit Parisien, Senator, Ex-Minister. M. Edouard Herriot, Senator, Mayor of Lyons, Ex-Minister. M. HOMOLLE, Of the Institute, General Adminis- trator of the National Library. 'M. Jules J. Jusserand, French Ambassador at Washington. M. Lafferre, Minister of PubHc Instruction. M. Liebeut, French Consul General. General Lyautey M. le Marquis de Chambrum, Deputy. M. le Marquis de Lastreyrie M. LE Comte de Rochambeau M. Painleve, Ex-Prime Minister. M. RiBOT, Ex-Prime Minister. M. Jules Roche, Deputy, Ex-Minister. Commander Sayles, Naval Attache. M. Sharp, American Ambassador. M. Steeg, Ex-Minister of Public Instruction, Senator. M. ViVIANI, Ex-Prime Minister. M. Henry White [157] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA rnnmnmm<»» iiiii »» ; m mmmt nrtnmm mtm«tmmmtmmnmmmmmmmmtttmtmn: EXECUTIVE OFFICERS President Comite d'Honneur, M. Clemenceau. Vice-Chairman, Mr. Charles E. Kelley. Treasurer, Mr. James A. Blair, Jr. Executive Chairman, Mr. John Moffat. Assistant Secretary, Miss I. E. Morton. President, Mrs. William Astor Chanler. Secretary, Mr. Er Lawshe. Assistant Treasurer, Mr. William J. Ochiltree. Auditors, Marwick, Mitchell Peat & Co. Depositories, New York: Blair & Co. Boston : Lee, Higginson & Co. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. James M. Beck Mr. James A. Blair, Jr. Mr. I. Tucker Burr Mrs. John A. Carpenter Mrs. Wm. Astor Chanler Mrs. John Jay Chapman Mr. Frederic R. Coudert Mr. Frank Crowninshield Mrs. Wm. Adams Delano Mrs. Chas. H. Ditson Mrs. Newbold LeRoy Edgar Mrs. Jeanne L. Etty Mrs. Franklin Farrel Mr. Haley Fiske Mr. Norman Hapgood Prof. John Grier Hibben Miss Marion E. Holmes Mr. James Hazen Hyde Mr. Augustus W. Kelley Mr. Charles E. Kelley Mrs. Maurice W. Kozminski Mr. Er Lawshe Mr. Clarence Mackay Mrs. John Magee Mrs. Walter E. Maynard Mr. John G. Milburn Mr. John Moffat Miss L E. Morton Prof. H. Fairfield Osborn Mr. Karl Davis Robinson Mrs. Chas. H. Sabin Mrs. Ralph Sanger Mr. Richard Shippen Mlle. Valentine Thomson Mr. Charles Hanson Towne Mr. Thomas R. Turner Mrs. Barclay Warburton Mr. H. J. Whigham Mrs. H. J. Whigham Mr. Louis Wiley ADVISORY SUB-COMMITTEES General Maintenance and Farm Committee, America : Mrs. John Magee. France : Mlle. Valentine Thomson. [158] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA School Committee, America: Mrs. Newbold LeRoy Edgar. France: M. Leon Bourgeois. Orphanage Committee, America : Mr. Frederic R. Coudert. Comtesse Jean de Sayve France : Mrs. Edward Tuck. Mrs. Robert Bliss Comtesse de Luart Mme. Le Verrier Marquise de Chambrum Mlle. Thomson Museum, Committee, America : Mrs. Walter E. Maynard. Mr. Walter Gay France : Mr. James Hazen Hyde. Mlle. Valentine Thomson M. Randolphe Mordecai Mr. J. Ridgeley Carter Judge Walter Berry French War Relief Committee, America: Mr. Chas. Hanson Towne. France: Mlle. Valentine Thomson. Reconstruction Committee, France : Baronne de la Grange. [159] A B F B American British French Belgian PERMANENT BLIND RELIEF WAR FUND HIS Fund was founded on March first, 1916, and the Founders are Mr. and Mrs. George A. Kessler, who have been devoting their entire time and energy to the success of the Fund ever since its inception. After spending about a year in this country, in launching the campaign to raise money for this cause, they left for France accompanied by Mrs. R. Valentine Webster, one of the Honorary Secretaries, who has also been an indefatigable worker for the Fund, where, as our literature shows, they succeeded in establish- ing seven institutions, foremost of which are the Chateau de Madrid in Bois de Boulonge, Paris, and the Chateau de Rochecorbon, near Tours. In addition to the work for the French and Belgian blind, $100,- 000.00 has been given for the catre of American blinded soldiers to the Red Cross Institute for the Blind, and an Italian Section of the Fund is now under formation. This Organization is a permanent contributor to St. Dunstan's Hostel for the Blind in London, through which the rehabilitation of the British blinded soldiers is accomplished. The aim of this Fund is to lift the burden of despair from the stricken blinded soldiers and to rescue them from a living death by enabling them to become self-supporting and hopeful members of [160] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA il» !! l» I H i »»! !»! !»!t l! »»»Hlt! i tlHm»l»!ll l ll l llll tl M t lt> l l llll i limiH ll ll l l|m i; mim i m i l ||li|||t!tt their communities. Toward that end, training schools, workshops, labor exchanges, etc., have been established; Winded soldiers have been re-educated, equipped with tools and raw materials, and re- turned to their homes with one year's rent paid ; blinded and mu- tilated soldiers have been provided with pensions and cottages, and the following institutions are now in operation: Chateau de Madrid. "La Roue" — Braille Printing and Library. Superior and Industrial School for Blinded Officers and Sol- diers, Tours. Industrial School. Raw Material Depot. Home for Blinded Soldiers and Families from Devastated Re- gions (Diversified Trades). Home and Workshop for Belgian Blinded Soldiers. (These institutions are under the control of the French Gov- ernment.) AMERICAN SECTION Under the High Patronage of WooDRow Wilson, President of the United States. FRENCH SECTION Under the High Patronage of M. Raymond Poincare, President de la Republique. BRITISH SECTION Under the High Patronage of His Majesty the King, Her Majesty the Queen, Her Majesty Queen Alexandra BELGIAN SECTION Under the High Patronage of His Majesty King Albert, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth Lady (Arthur) Paget Vincent Astor Edmund L. Baylies Hon. Thomas P. Gore George Blumenthal EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman, George Alexander Kessler. August Belmont Otto H. Kahn Hon. Myron T. Herrick Sir Arthur Pearson, Bt. Whitney Warren Joseph Widener [161 J THE VOLUNTARY Hon. Advisory Committee, Hon. Robert Bacon Hon. Elihu Root Hon. Treasurers, Sir Edward Holden, Bt. Chairman London City and Midland Bank. M. Georges Pallain, Governor of the Bank of France. AID 't>ttt » ? » ttTUtt OF AMERICA Frank A. Vanderlip, President National City Bank. Hon. Secretaries, Mrs. Geo. A. Kessler Mrs. R. Valentine Webster Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney Ass't. Hon. Secretary, Miss Nellie Turner. Hon. Vice-Presidents, Pres. E. a. Alderman Elias M. Ammons Mrs. John Astor H. M. Atkinson Grosvenor Atterbury Chancellor Samuel Avery Pres. Brown Ayres George F. Baker Pres. Emeritus James H. Baker Hon. Newton Diehl Baker, Secretary of War. Pres. W. J. Battle Hon. James M. Beck Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont Pres. Guy Potter Benton Rev. Dr. Israel Bettan Harry S. Black Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr. Pres. George F. Bovard r. r. bowker Edgar Ewing Brandon Mrs. Edward Breitung Rt. Rev. Chauncey B. Brewster Mrs. Irving Brokaw James Crosby Brown Joseph G. Brown Hon. W. M. Bunn Hon. Albert Sidney Bubleson, Postmaster General. Pres. M. L. Burton Rev. Dr. Edward N. Calisch Pres. P. L. Campbell Robert D. Carey C. Chandler Mrs. William Astor Chanler Mrs. Hobart Chatfield-Taylor Louis R. Cheney Percy Chubb Hon. William A. Clark Emory W. Clark Lewis L. Clarke Mrs. Henry Clews Mrs. W. Bourke Cochran William A. Coffin Dr. Russel H. Con well William H. Crocker Hon. Grafton D. Gushing Mrs. C. C. Cuyler J. H. Danby Hon. Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy. Mrs. William Adams Delano Pres. Geo. H. Denny .Mrs. William Disston Edward L. Doheny J. T. Downing John R. Drexel Mrs. John R. Drexel ;F. A. Drury Pres. C. A. Duniway T. Coleman Du Pont J. L. Edwards [162] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Dr. Charles W. Eliot Rev. Samuel A. Eliot Samuel S. Eveland S. W. Fairchild Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows Cardinal John Farley Henry W. Farnam Pres. Livingston Farrand Walter Farwell Bernard Faymonville Pres. Thomas Fell Charles H. Fisk Rev. Dr. Charles Fleischer Horace Fletcher James B. Fobgan Joseph N. Francolini Rev. Dr. Leo M. Franklin Henry Clay Frick Rev. Paul Revere Frothingham Rt. Rev. James B. Funston Lyman J. Gage Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Gailor D. L. Gerould Cardinal James Gibbons C. Dana Gibbons Dean Virginia C. Gildersleeve Rev. Charles W. Gilkey George J. Gould H. T. S. Green Rev. Dr. William H. Greenburg Mrs. Charles Greenough Rt. Rev. David H. Greer Hon. Thomas Watt Gregory, Attorney General. Hon. B. W. Griffith H. B. Gross Pres. F. W. Gunsaulus Rev. Wm. Norman Guthrie Earl S. Gwin Ernest A. Ham ill Most Rev. Edward Joseph Hanna Dr. a. W. Harris Rev. Dr. Leon Harrison Col. George Harvey Thomas Hastings J. A. Hayes Mrs. William Randolph Hearst Rev. Dr. S. Hecht Rev. Dr. Maximillian Heller Alexander J. Hemphill Pres. Archer W. Hendrick Rt. Rev. Eugene R. Hendrix 'Pres. John Grier Hibben Pres. A. R. Hill Rev. John Haynes Holmes Louis J. Horowitz J. T. Howell Rt. Rev. Edwin H. Hughes Pres. William DeWitt Hyde George Edward Ide Mrs. Samuel Insull Samuel Insull E. C. Jameson Mrs. J. N. Willys Pres. David Starr Jordan Rev. J. H. Jowett Mrs. Otto H. Kahn Rev. Dr. Bernard M. Kaplan Louis J. Kaufman Miss Helen Keller Pres. William J. Kerr Pres. J. T. Kingsbury Roland F. Knoedler Rev. Dr. Louis J. Kopald Rev. Nathan Krass Hon. Franklin Knight Lane, Secretary of the Interior. Hon. Robert Lansing, Secretary of State. Rt. Rev. William Lawrence Joseph Leiter Maurice Leon ■Eugene Levering Dean John L. Lowes Mrs. Philip Lydig Rev. Frederick Lynch [163] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Rev. Dr. Alexander Lyons Pres. Thomas H. Macbeide Howard McClenahan Pres. H. N. MacCracken IRev. Charles S. MacFarland Clarence H. Mackay Pres. Richard C. MacLaurin Mrs. John A. Macy Rev. Dr. Samuel Marks A. M. Marshall Mrs. James Marwick Mrs. John J. Mason Samuel Mather Dr. Charles H. May Edwin P. Maynard Rev. Randolph McKim HULETT C. MeRRITT Rev. Max J. Merritt Rev. Dr., Martin A. Meyer Pres. Dr. Sidney E. Mezes Hon. John Purroy Mitchel (Deceased.) Former Mayor of the City of N. Y. Adelbert Moot Daniel N. Morgan Rev. J. D. Morrison Rev. Joseph A. Mulry, S.J. Frank A. Munsey Rev. Morris Newfield I'res. Ernest Fox Nichols Morgan J. O'Brien Mrs. Hermann Oelrichs Rt. Rev. Chas. S. Olmstead Mrs. Potter Palmer Mrs. C. Parsons James A. Patten Hon. Thomas G. Patten John L. Patterson Robert A. Patterson Pres. R. A. Pearson Dr. W. Campbell Posey Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer George Haven Putnam Rev. Dr. Marius Rasinsky Joshua T. Raynolds Mrs. Whitelaw Reid Mrs. Alexander Hamilton Rice Samuel Robert Rev. Dr. William Rosenau Dr. Francis H. Rowley Rev. Charles A. Rubenstein Dean James E. Russell Charles H. Sabin Mrs. Ralph Sanger Mrs. Preston Satterwhite Rev. Dr. Tobias Schaufarber Grant B. Schley Pres. Jacob Gould Schurman Mrs. Henry T. Scott Charles Scribner John L. Severance Pres. Wm. Arnold Shanklin Rev. Dr. Joseph Silverman Wallace D. Simmons Rev. Abram Simon Alfred Spencer, Jr. W. E. Stevens Prof. J. Ross Stevenson U. S. Stewart James StillMan Rev. Henry A. Stimson Rev. Ernest M. Stires Pres. Charles H. Stockton J. W. Stoll Pres. Winthrop E. Stone E. T. Stotesbury Julian Street Pres. Henry Suzzallo LoRADo Taft Pres. Charles F. Thwing Frank Tilford Rev. Floyd Tomkins Milton Tootle, Jr. Rev. Donald S. Tuttle IF. D. Underwood Mrs. Vanderbilt [164] THE VOLUNTARY m»n»» i »»H»» i i ii i i »;ii i iun»»m William K. Vanderbilt Mrs. Barclay H. Warburton Edwin Warfield Charles Elliot Warren Raphael Weill Ht. Rev. R. H. Weller Pres. Benjamin Ide Wheeler H. V. Whipple AID OF AMERICA mnmntt»»»»»»»»mmnm Eli Whitney Ray Lyman Wilbur Ansley Wilcox Rev. Dr. Stephen S. Wise Rev. Horace J. Wolf Rev. Dr. Louis Wolsey George Woodruff John North Willys Hon. Charles S. Whitman, Governor of the State of N. Y. BRITISH SECTION Hon. Vice-Presidents, His Grace The Archbishop of Canterbury. His Eminence Cardinal Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster. His Eminence The Archbishop OF Armagh. Primate of all Ireland. His Grace The Archbishop of York. The Bishop of London. The Chief Rabbi of England. The Rev. F. Brotherton Meyer, Minister of Christ Church. Rev. G. a. Johnston Ross. Field Marshal Viscount French. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig General Sir Robert Baden-Powell. Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, First Sea Lord of the Admiralty. Admiral Sir David Beatty, Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet. Rt. Hon. David Lloyd George, Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury. Rt. Hon. Arthur J. Balfour, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Rt. Hon. A. Bonar Law, Chancellor of the Exchequer. Rt. Hon. James W. Lowther, Speaker of the House of Commons. Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird Borden, Premier and President of the Privy Council of Canada. His Excellency Lord Bertie of Thame, Ambassador of Great Britain and Ireland to France. Lord Reading, Lord Chief Justice of England. The Lord Mayor of London. The Duke of Devonshire The Duke of Rutland. The Marquess of Lansdowne, President of the British Red Cross Society. The Marquess of Crewe. The Marquess of Lincolnshire. The Earl of Derby. The Earl of Chesterfield. The Earl of Rosebery. Earl Curzon of Kedleston. Viscount Milner. Viscount Iveagh. Lord Boston. Lord Rothschild. [165] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Lord Desborough. Lord Michelham Rt. Hon. H. H. Asquith. Rt. Hon. Reginald McKenna. Hon. Arthur Stanley, M. P., Chairman of the British Red Cross Society. The Aga Khan. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. T. P. O'Connor, M. P. John Redmond, M. P. The Duchess of Marlborough. The Countess of Granard. Cora, Countess of Strafford. Lady Henry. Lady Herbert. Lady Lowther. The Hon. Mrs. Dugmore. Mrs. Reginald Brooke. Mrs. Harcourt. C. Clive Bayley, Esq. Lord Plymouth. Herbert Ward, Esq. FRENCH AND BELGIAN SECTION Hon. Vice-Presidents, H. R. H. The Duchesse De Vendome. H. I. H. Princess Napoleon, (Princess Clementine of Belgium.) His Eminence Cardinal Amette, Archbishop of Paris. His Eminence Cardinal Mercier, Archbishop of Malines. Monsigneur Marbeau, Bishop of Meaux. Pasteur Auguste Weber, Head of the Protestant Church. Pasteur Benjamin Conve, Head of the Reformed Protestant Church. M. Alfred Levy, Chief Rabbi of France. M. Emile Loubet, Former President of France. His Excellency Paul Cambon, French Ambassador to England. H. E. Monsieur E. Havenith, Minister of Belgium to the United States. M. Antonin Ribot, Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs. M. Rene Viviani, Minister of Justice. M. Painleve, Minister of War. Admiral Lacaze, Minister of Marine. General Maunoury, Military Governor of Paris. Gen. De Currieres De Castelnau, Chief of General Staff. General Florentin, Chancellor of the Legion d'Honneur. General Alfred Gosselin. M. Antonin Dubost, President of the Senate. M. Paul Deschanel, President of the Chamber of Deputies. M. Adrien Mithouard, President of the Municipal Council. M. Delanney, Prefet de la Seine. M. F. Monier, President of the Civil Court of the Seine. [166] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»»»»»»«»»»i»»niu«»»»nn i »m«»»»»»» ii »»»»n» i »»H»»;»n»»»»»»n»»»»m M. Aristide Briand M. Jules Guesde m. g. doumergue. Baron Edouard De Rothschild. H. H. The Princess Murat. The Princess De Lignes. The Duchess De Luynes. The Duchess De Noailles. Duchesse D'Uzes. The Marquise De Ganay. The Comtesse De Greffulhe. The Comtesse D'Haussonville, President of the French Red Cross Society. M. Henry E. Gourd. M. Lucien Jouvaud. M. Henry Lapauze. Daniel Lesueur. M. Gaston Liebert. M. Paul Mellor. M. DuRAND Ruel. M. Maurice De Wendel. M. Basil Zaharoff. [167] AN ARMY GIRL'S TRANSPORT TOBACCO FUND HE purpose of this Fund is to supply every transport leaving United States or Canadian shores with tobacco for the use of troops on their voyage over, and also to supply the men wounded on their return. The Fund which is endorsed by General Pershing, Benedict Crowell, James W. Goethals and General Henry G. Sharpe, grew from the accidental discovery of an utter dearth of tobacco among the troops of America's first Expedition (Pershing's) to France. This discovery was made only a few hours before the ships conveying this expedition sailed. Miss Blanchard Scott, (daughter of Maj. Gen. Hugh L. Scott) Miss Mildred Greble, (daughter of Brig. Gen. Edwin St. J. Greble) Miss Marjory Wright, (daughter of Maj. Gen. William M. Wright) Miss Dorothy Smith, (daughter of Brig. Gen. Abiel L. Smith) Miss Margaret Michie, (daughter of Brig. Gen. Robert E. L. Michie) Miss Mary Littell, (daughter of Brig. Gen. Isaac W. Littell) Miss Julia Fiebeger, (daughter of Colonel Gustave J. Fie- beger) Miss Margaret Knight, (daughter of Colonel John T. Knight) Miss Margaret S. Carson, (daughter of Colonel John M. Carson) Miss Nancy King, (daughter of Colonel Edward L. King) Miss Virginia Tobin, (daughter of Major William H. Tobin) [168] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Col. John M. Carson, U. S. A., Miss Margaret Sumner Carson, President. Secretary. Mr. R. L. Bigelow, Capt. Samuel Feothingham, Vice-President. U. S. R., Treasurer. Capt. Edward B. Close, U. S. R., Vice-President. HEADQUARTERS COMMITTEE Mrs. Hamilton Fish Benjamin, Chairman. Mrs. John M. Carson Mrs. Jarius Moore Mrs. Haydn Cole Mrs. Valentine Mott Mrs. M. H. Husted Mrs. Henry Sanford [169] THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE OF NEW YORK By HENRY MacDONALD, Director-General ASSERS-BY may see affixed to the front of the Hall of Records, facing City Hall Park, a large sign read- ing : "The Mayor's Committee on ^National Defense — ■ Army-Navy-Marine Recruiting Station." This leg- end represents but a small segment of the activities of this great New York City organization. The Mayor's Commit- tee was for a considerable time the only place in America where an applicant could enlist for any branch of war service. The example thus set has been adopted in other cities to the great economy and general usefulness of the Federal Service in connection with the winning of the war. Previous to this unification of war activities, there were nu- merous recruiting bureaus throughout Greater New York, operat- ing for distinct and varied purposes. An applicant was compelled to travel long distances, with considerable expenditure of time, energy and money for fares to obtain the information which he tiow re- ceives at our offices as the result of a single visit. Under this one unified department, represented by the Mayor's Committee, there are now, among others, recruiting departments of the Third Naval District and the Department of the East of the Army, with liaison officers assigned by both departments. As many as two thousand applicants have been dealt with daily through our recruiting offices alone, but the activities of this bu- [170] ?rcsC;:F^£P^ ^5--j (_ri-- "s^^^ I- ^ ' GOV. CHARLES S. WHITMAN. -p-^^ ^^•^" ^^ y THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»»ii i iiini»» ; »»» t i i i i »n« i » i m»»:«»»»n»»»»» ti »»»»» < »t i! i i ii i i i >»»m«»»»»m ttm reau are not confined to the extensive department given over ex- clusively to this purpose. An active propaganda has been carried on with the general public to reinforce the efforts of local recruit- ing offices, which oftentimes are handicapped in the matter of plac- ing posters, securing transportation, providing music for parades, arranging patriotic street meetings, rallies, publicity, etc. That, in brief, is an indication of the wide range of activities carried on by the nearly two score of sub-committees and bureaus making up the general organization of the Mayor's Committee, which owes its existence to the present war. New York is the largest city in the world — its population, according to the last offi- cial census being approximately seven millions. It has the most diversified population of any collection of humanity on earth, made up of more than thirty-eight nationalities, with numerous racial sub-divisions. Several of these groups are represented in Greater New York by a larger number of people than is contained in the largest city in the country from which they derive their origin. The problem of dealing with so large and diversified a population under war con- ditions is that which the Mayor's Committee on National Defense was formed to handle. The scheme of organization involved obtaining the co-opera- tion of the most distinguished loyal citizens of the city; dividing this body of men into separate committees, each having a minimum of fifty members, and assigning to each committee specific work ; entrusting the management of the main committee and the sub- committees to a single superior committee, and the carrying on of the work of all the directors to the Director-General, assisted by a series of bureaus, each having charge of specific work. Member- ship on the general committee is by invitation of the Mayor, and its personnel is made up without regard to race, creed, color or party. The function of the Mayor's Committee is to assist in carry- ing out the Federal war program in so far as it relates to this city, and to serve as a possible guidance for other cities. Since the reor- ganization of the Committee, dating from February 1st, 1918, it has been successful in undertaking, outside of its own constructive work of organization, many activities which visualize to the people [171] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»»»ti lii ilt«»»l iiiiiiii »»»»; i in»»n i »»» t »»»n»»»»»ni» ;; »» ; i»;ni i »»»»» !ii »nt»» »; the progress of American military and naval life and the prompt and effective welding of civilian life to war purposes. In thus giving an object lesson of patriotism, a number of large parades, etc., have been organized. On February 22nd of the pres- ent year the Mayor's Committee, at its own expense, transported approximately ten thousand troops from Camp Upton to prove to New Yorkers the wonderful transition of men from civilian life into the United States Army within a few months after their entry upon actual training. The progress of these well disciplined forces along the streets of the city successfully demonstrated the wonder- ful fulfillment of the military program, and gave to the citizens of New York their first view of the National Army. Again, on July fourth of this year, the Mayor's Committee car- ried out one of the largest and most significant demonstrations of loyalty ever held. Approximately 100,000 people, representing the majority of the nations of the world, paraded for about twelve hours in an imposing demonstration of allegiance to America and fidelity of purpose for the winning of the war. They thus proved to the millions of onlookers the welding process which is taking place among our great foreign-born population into fervent and active Americans for the strength and solidarity of this nation. National Anthem Day was celebrated on September fourteenth by the Mayor's Committee as marking the one hundred and fourth anniversary of the writing of "The Star-Spahgled Banner." From the steps of City Hall and from the band-stands of Central Park, Prospect Park, the Battery and other places throughout Greater New York, hundreds of thousands of people were given the opportunity of better familiarizing themselves with the words and sentiments of this noble hymn. Band concerts, patriotic addresses, rendition of the anthem by famous singers, and the distribution of about a million of leaflets containing the text, were part of the propaganda carried through by the Mayor's Cornmittee. Five hun- dred moving-picture houses were supplied with slides containing the words, and in many theatres prominent singers led the audi- ences. In churches and schools the same propaganda of patriotism was carried through. It is known that various other cities through- out the country followed the example thus set by New York City. [172] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »:n :iii ii» mnnmt m»»»»»»»»» »i;itt »» »nnmmmmm « : tnmn n »»» t » »i »Knmwmmt : Transportation to the amount of six hundred thousand dollars has been saved the Federal and State governments, the Army and Navy and many war organizations, through the elaborate motor corps built up by the transportation bureau of the Mayor's Com- mittee. This department now has a list of ninety thousand owners of pleasure cars, five thousand owners of vans, more than ten thousand trucks of all kinds, and the vehicles of the sight-seeing and taxicab companies. These and other facilities for quick trans- portation by motor transport are but illustrations of the great scope of the Committee's operations. As the recognized New York City unit of the Council of Na- tional Defense at Washington, the Mayor's Committee is charged with translating the Government program into effective action throughout Greater New York. Through the Committee on Civic Problems a series of confer- ences on the establishment of Community Councils was held, and as a result of the final conference at City Hall in June, 1918, a great organization has been launched under related auspices. Another branch of the Committee on Civic Problems is responsible for the introduction of an ordinance dealing with child welfare. This piece of proposed legislation is one of the most important of its kind introduced in New York City for many years. Fifteen hundred speakers, representing various languages and many points of view, are listed by the Speaker's Bureau. These activities exercise a powerful effect in increasing the loyalty of the immense population of New York City, and are widely commended by war and charitable organizations in general. By desire of the War Industries Board at Washington, the Committee on Retail Industries of the Mayor's Committee has made effective an agreement on the part of leading merchants to place a limitation upon return privileges and also to conform to one delivery daily over each route. The saving in man-power to the city has thus been greatly increased. The administrative personnel of the organization is made up as follows : [173] '^ m,?Mnuny,9,.-fr,H.m,m,m,?;.m,,,,,,.m,n,P,,,,,,n 9 ,m ,^. ■¥. ^. .^ ^ ^ A EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE George W. Loft, Chairman. John A. Harriss George MacDonald, Vice-Chairman. Henry R. Hoyt Louis G. Kaufman, Treasurer. Louis M. Josephthal Henry MacDonald, Director-General. Clarence H. Mackay Charles B. Alexander John A. McCarthy Nicholas F. Brady Rufus L. Patterson William A. Clark Mortimer L. Schiff Cleveland H. Dodge Charles M. Schwab Coleman Du Pont Henry Seligman W. C. Durant Finley J. Shepard William H. English H. F. Sinclair Michael Friedsam Alfred E. Smith Joseph P. Grace Rodman Wanamaker Henry Rogers Winthrop The departmental committees thus far formed include those on Administration, Loyalty, Arts and Decoration, Domestic Sup- plies, Nationalism, Transportation, Risks and Insurance, Trades and Manufactures, Law, Retail Industries, Shipping and Harbor Defense, Organized Guard, Wholesale Industries, Labor, Com- merce, Civic Finance, Sanitation, Public Instruction, Associated War Work, Medical and Surgical Relief, Army and Navy Forces, Taxation, Entertainment, Associated Cities, Organization and Sug- gestion and National Activities. Within the activities of the various committees there are com- bined: Bureaus of Publicity; Employers; Stenography; Accounts; Investigation and Intelligence; Transportation, Telegraph and Mails; Civic Employment; Draft and Recruiting, and the Bureau of Red Cross and Civic Aid. New York City, by reason of its population, its strategic loca- tion and commercial supremacy, is naturally looked to for leader- ship by other municipalities throughout the country for informa- tion and guidance in dealing with civic matters. The scheme of organization of the Mayor's Committee on National Defense em- braces all social and economic questions arising not alone during the war but continuing after the war ; for the foundations are laid for a permanent work of civic betterment. [174] CHILDREN OF THE FRONTIER (Comite Franco-Atnericain pour la Protection des Enfants de la Frontiere) \ HE work of the Comite Franco-Americain was started by Mr. Frederic R. Coudert, of New York, in August, 1914, to rescue a hundred Httle waifs from the in- vaded region in the north of France. The children were brought to Paris and placed in the care of Mr. August F. Jacacci, the president of the organization, who, with the assistance of the other members of the French Committee, Mrs. Cooper Hewitt, the Honorary President; Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, Vice-President; Mr. Arthur Hugh Frazier, Treasurer, and the Countess Pierre De Viel-Castel and Mrs. William H. Hill, estab- lished colonies through France to care for the children, who came in continually increasing numbers as the war continued. The various colonies are supported, some by members of the Committee, the others by donations and by the "marraine" system, whereby individuals in America "adopt" and support a definite child, concerning whom they get reports, and with whom they may establish direct communication. The clothing is made entirely in the United States and shipped to France, and much of the food is sent from the United States. The Executive Committee never could have accomplished such an amazing amount of work had it not been for the untiring help of these volunteers : Miss Lucinda Bateson, Miss Marjory Cheney, Miss Emily R. Cross, Mrs. William Olmsted, Jr., Mrs. C. T. Owens, Miss Helen L. Russell, Mrs. Frances Shaw, Mrs. Richard P. Strong, Miss Erica Thorpe, Miss Mary C. Brown, Mrs. F. R. Coudert, Mrs. George A. Crocker, Jr., Mrs. R. J. Cross, Mrs. Cutler, Mrs. W. [175] THE VOLUNTARY AID tttitttit OF AMERICA North Duane, Mrs. Peter Farnum, Miss Harriet Hammond, Miss Mary Hayden, Mrs. Charles D. Hazen, Mrs. Colgate Hoyt, Jr., Mrs. Henry Hoyt, Miss F. L. Howland, Mrs. W. H. Hutcheson, Mrs. E. C. Jameson, Mrs. Pierre Jay, Mrs. Fred C. Lord, Mrs. J. MacDonough, Mrs. R. M. Parsons, Mrs. Charles Phelps, Mrs. L. B. Rand, Miss Emily Redmond, Miss LeUa Redmond, Mrs. Horace Russell, Miss M. L. Russell, Mrs. Henry R. Stern, Miss Helen Taylor, Mrs. Maurice Tremblay, Miss N. du Vivier. Especial acknowledgment and thanks are due also to Mrs. Henry A. Wise Wood for her work in raising a special blanket fund. A large debt of appreciation and gratitude is due to Judge Frederick R. Wells for the use of work rooms for eight months, and to M. Charvet & Cie. OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN PARIS Mrs. Cooper Hewitt, Honorary President. Mr. August F. Jaccaci, President. Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, Vice-President. Mr. Arthur Hugh Frazier, Treasurer. CoMTESSE Pierre de Viel-Castel Mrs. William H. Hill Miss Emily R. Cross Mr. Carl F. Taylor OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN NEW YORK Mr. Frederic R. Coudert, Treasurer. Miss V. D. H. Furman, Assistant Treasurer. Miss Martha L. Draper, Chairman of Adoptions Committee. Mrs. W. K. B. Emerson, Secretary of Adoptions Committee. Mrs. Joseph Lindon Smith, Field Secretary. Mrs. Charles P. Rowland, Secretary of Executive Committee. Chairman of Supply Committee. Mr. Paul D. Cravath Mr. Harry Harkness Flagler Mr. Charles P. Howland Mr. F. W. M. Cutcheon Miss Rosina S. Hoyt Miss Helen C. Wilson, Executive Secretary. [176] BLUE CROSS FUND President, Lady Smith Dorrien. Chairman, Treasurer, Sir Ernest Flower. Gen. Sir Leslie Rundle, G. C. B. Secretary, Hon. Sec'y for United States, Arthur J. Coke. Mrs. Elphinstone Maitland. CHIS Fund helps the animals of all the Allies, regardless of nationality. The Blue Cross has the sole charge of all the Military Dog Hospitals for the French Government, and also has hospitals for horses in Italy. [177] NATIONAL AMERICAN COMMITTEE HE National American Committee of the Polish Vic- tims' Relief Fund is an organization founded in New York by I. J. Paderewski, the celebrated musician, for the purpose of collecting money in the United States for the relief of Polish war victims. The sum of $722,922.75 had actually been sent by the Commit- tee to Poland for the relief of war victims and to Siberia, Russia and France for the relief of Polish war refugees, in the shape of cash, clothing and hospital supplies. For the relief of Polish war refugees in Russia and Siberia money is cabled by the Polish Victims' Relief Fund to Petrograd in care of the American Embassy and is distributed among the sviffer- ers by the Polish Central Relief Committee of Petrograd. For the relief of Polish refugees in France and Switzerland the money is cabled to local Polish relief organizations. For the relief of the population inhabiting the parts of Poland invaded by the Germans and Austrians, all sums of money are cabled in larger amounts to the General PoHsh ReHef Committee in Vevey, Switzerland, founded by Henry Sienkiewicz and I. J. Paderewski. This is done with the full knowledge and sanction of the State Department in Washington, D. C. OFFICERS Honorary President, Chairman Executive Committee, Hon. William H. Taft, I. J. Paderewski. Honorary Treasurer, Honorary Executive Secretary, Frank A. Vanderlip. W. O. Gorski. [178] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Honorary Vice-Presidents, Executive Committee, Miss E. Blodgett James M. Beck Mrs. W. B. Bourn Eugene Delano Mrs. W. H. Crocker R. Jewett Mrs. Bryan Lathrop W. S. Kies Miss Anne Morgan I. J. Paderewski James A. Patten Herbert Satterlee Mrs. Ernest Schelling H. B. Schaad Mme. Szumowska-Adamowska Ernest Urcs [179] THE SERBIAN AID FUND Under the Patronage of HIS EXCELLENCY L. M. MICHAILOVITCH, Serbian Minister to the United States. Director, Treasurer, Madame Slavko Grouitch. Mr. Otto T. Bannard Secretary, Miss Mary T. Conklin. I HE name of the fund was changed on October 1st, 1917; to Serbian Aid Fund, which has the official rec- ognition and approval of the Serbian Government, from its previous title of Serbian Hospitals Fund. Since the task of providing for the military and civi- lian hospitals of the Allies was being so largely undertaken by the American Red Cross, a separate organization for the Serbian hos- pitals seemed no longer necessary. This, however, was more a change in name than in activity as the work of aiding Serbian fami- lies and students begun in 1914 had been steadily carried on. The Serbian Aid Fund, therefore, determined to make its chief purpose the giving of aid to these destitute Serbian families and students — the appeals from whom were constantly growing more insistent — while still continuing to send medicines and other sup- plies from time to time upon request of the Medical Department of the Serbian Army. ADVISORY COMMITTEE NEW YORK CITY.— Mr. F. Kingsbury Curtis, Mr. Pierre de Lanux, Miss Elizabeth Eyre, Mrs. Henry P. Loomis, Mr. Charles MacVeagh, Mr. W. A. W. Stewart, Mr. Frederick Strauss, Mrs. Mary Hatch Willard. [180] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA BOSTON.— Mr. John S. Codman, Miss Katharine Loring, Mrs. Joseph B. Russell. SPRINGFIELD.— Miss Annie C. Stebbins. NEW BEDFORD.— Miss Ellen R. Hathaway, Miss Julia S. Rodman. STOCKBRIDGE.— Rev. George Grenville Merrill. DOVER.— Mrs. Mary P. Converse. LANCASTER.— Mrs. Bayard Thayer. BRISTOL, R. I.— Mrs. E. C. Earned (President Children's Tin Box Fund). PEACE DALE, R. I.— Mrs. Roland G. Hazard. HARTFORD.— Mr. A. A. Welch. NEW HAVEN.— Mr. Walter Camp, Prof. Irving Fisher. WATERBURY.— Mr. Frederick S. Chase, Mr. Irving Chase. WATERTOWN.— Mr. Horace D. Taft. PHILADELPHIA.— Mrs. Allerton Cushman, Miss Nina Lea, Mrs. W. A. Piatt, Miss Agnes Repplier. WILMINGTON.— Miss Margaretta Miller. BALTIMORE.— Mrs. Henry Barton Jacobs, Mrs. R. Manson- Smith, Dr. William H. Welch, Mrs. Richard H. Woodward. WASHINGTON.— Mrs. R. Barrett Browning, Mr. Charles Henry Butler, Miss M. C. Codman. BUFFALO.— Mr. O. E. Foster. CLEVELANiD.— Mr. F. E. Drury, Mr. John L. Severance, Mr. Whiting Williams. AKRON, OHIO.— Mrs. H. M. Houser, Mr. Frank A. Sieberling. DETROIT.— Mrs. Charles H. Hodges. CINCINNATI.— Hon. Edward W. Strong. INDIANAPOLIS.— Mrs. Lucius B. Swift. WHEELING.— Rev. Jacob Brittin, Rev. R. E. Strider, Mr. Alexander Glass. CLARKSBURG, W. VA.— Rev. Hilary C. Richardson. ST. PAUL.— Mrs. C. A. Severance. SAN FRANCISCO.— Mrs. William H. Crocker, Mr. Samuel Knight, Miss Janet Peck, Mrs. James Ellis Tucker. [181] THE EMERGENCY AID OF PENNSYLVANIA HE Emergency Aid of Pennsylvania is the official body designated by the Governor of Pennsylvania to keep in touch with the Pennsylvania troops abroad. This organization always endeavors to get into com- munication and help them whenever necessary. It is a volunteer organization ready to respond to every emer- gency, organized in October, 1914, and is a clearing house for war work; gives work and relief among the unemployed at home. Every Allied cotmtry is represented by a committee of this Fund, the chairman of which, with the chairman of Home Relief divisions and chairmen of standing committees, with the officers of the organization, form the Executive Committee. The Fund has quarters in Paris and Tours, France, as well as in Pittsburg, U. S. A. It is recognized by the French Government and is under the patronage of the Ambassadors of nearly all the foreign countries. OFFICERS Chairman, Mrs. a. J. Cassatt Mrs. Norman MacLeod Mrs. J. Willis Martin Mrs. Thomas Robins Mrs. Edward K. Rowland Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson Mrs. Edward T. Stotesbury Mrs. Barclay H. Warburton Vice-Chairmen, Mrs. Edward Browning Mrs. William J. Clothier Mrs. Henry Brinton Coxe Mrs. Rodman E. Griscom Mrs. John C. Groome Mrs. Arthur H. Lea [182] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA :« «t«m«m«mm>«ummmuw»m » :m«miwmmtmo»wmm nmtn mmttmmtm tnm;; Secretary, Mrs. Reed A. Morgan. Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Edward K. Rowland. Treasurer, Mrs. J. Norman Jackson. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mrs. E. Dobson Altemus, Publicity. Mrs. Edgar Baied, Mrs. Charles M. Lea, Food Economy. Miss Nina Lee, Serbian. Mrs. George Horace Lorimer, Armenian. Mrs. Norman MacLeod, Emergency Aid Aides. Mrs. John Markoe, Fatherless Children of France. Mrs. Benjamin Miller, Italian. Mrs. Robert Von Moschzisker, PoHsh. Mrs. Arthur E. Newbold, British. Mrs. H. S. Prentiss Nichols, State Federation of Pennsylvania Women, Eastern Division. Mrs. W. Howard Pancoast, House. Mrs. George W. Pepper, American Military Hospital No. i. Mrs. Edward K. Rowland, Emergency Aid Shop. Mrs. William Ellis Scull, Russian. National League for Woman's Service. Mrs. John G. Clark, Emergency Aid Juniors. Mrs. William J. Clothier, Ways and Means. Mrs. Henry Brinton Coxe, Auxilliary No. i Red Cross. Mrs. Thomas L. Elwyn, Motor Messenger Service. Mrs. Rodman E. Griscom, Committee of Supplies. Mrs. John C. Groome, Home Relief and Montenegrin. Mrs. Bayard Henry, Belgian. Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson, French. Mrs. Robert E. Strawbridge, British American. Mrs. Walter S. Thomson, Victory. Mrs. William G. Warden, American Overseas. Mrs. Harold E. Yarnall, Entertainment. ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Samuel S. Fleisher Mr. George H. McFadden Mr. Effingham B. Morris Mr. George Wharton Pepper Mr. Samuel Rea Mr. Edward T. Stotesbury [183] AMERICAN COMMITTEE IN AID OF THE ITALIAN REFUGEES AND SOLDIERS CRIPPLED IN WAR In Co-operation With the Comitate Lombardo in Milan yjJMKJljTJ^ committee has been formed to raise funds for the tjrs3^1{^l; Itahan Soldiers Crippled in War and for the Refu- ■' ' * gees from the invaded districts of Italy. It is pro- posed to send the money collected to the National Organization for the benefit of the Combatants Crip- pled in War founded at Milan in 1915 by Italian women (Comitato Lombardo per i Soldati Mutilati in Guerra). This institution main- tains hospitals, provides the crippled soldiers with artificial limbs and puts them in special schools where they are taught to use their new limbs in various trades. COMMITTEE Honorary Chairman, Countess Delores Macchi di Cellere, Wife of the Italian Ambassador. Chairman, Mrs. Henry J. Burchell. Treasurer, Mr. Alessandro Oldrini. Secretary, Miss Taft. Mrs. John Henry Hammond Mrs. Howard Mansfield Mrs. John Hudson Bennett Mrs. Theodore M. Taft Mrs. John Ames Mitchell Mrs. Francis Newton Jlj Miss Aspinwall Mrs. Elon Huntington Hooker Mrs. Charles Stewart Smith Miss Agnes Carpenter Mrs. Bertram Goodhue Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner Mrs. Jonathan Bulkley Mrs. George L. Nichols Mr. William Dean Howells Mr. Thomas Hastings Mr. Frank Hunter Potter Mr. Enrico Caruso Mr. Howard Mansfield Mr. Romolo Tritoni, , The Itahan Consul General. 184] THE CANADIAN CLUB OF NEW YORK m ft Wl3 "m^ he Canadian Club of New York has become the most ^hS influential Canadian organization in the United 4»g} States. Its purposes are to cement the kindly feeling ^*|j at present existing between all English speaking na- tions. This club has organized its entire membership into working committees to raise one hundred thousand dollars for the benefit of dependents of Canadian soldiers. There is a movement by all British organizations in the United States to supplement this Relief with an allowance which will place the families of Canadian soldiers living in America on the same basis as those residing in Canada. This Fund is only on behalf of those Canadian soldiers who have made their homes in the United States. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES President, Secretary, Thomas D. Neelands. Ellis G. Bogart. First Vice-President, Assistant Secretary, Walter Tyrie Stevens. Gordon P. Casper. Second Vice-President, Trustees, John W. Reed. -y^ jj. Platt Third Vice-President, W. W. Colpitts William M. Dignam. w. H. Parsons Treasurer, Stanley Andrews William Hogg. A. W. Elkins Executive Committee, John Emery McLean, Chairman. G. M. Oldrieve R. T. Reid William J. Thompson A. Knowlson a. J. Morris Dr. M. G. MacNevin Dr. John Skillen James Strang William Beatty [185] OUR BOYS IN FRANCE TOBACCO FUND UR Boys in France Tobacco Fund was originated by the McClure's Magazine and received the hearty en- dorsement of both the Secretary of War and the Sec- retary of the Navy, together vv^ith the backing of Col. Roosevelt. Five hundred prominent newspapers and periodicals became representatives in their respective localities for the fund, The Vigilantes contributing articles and poems. The International Silver Co., of Meriden, Conn., and the Mount -Vernon Co., Silversmiths, Inc., of Mount Vernon, N. Y., donated Silver Cups to be awarded to the newspapers raising the most money for the fund. The Officers of the Fund are as follows : President, Mr. Frederick L. Collins, Editor of McClure's Magazine. Secretary, Mr. a. S. Moore, Business Manager for McClure's. Manager, Mr. a. Blaikie Dick, Chief Accountant for McClure's. Advertising Director, Mr. Daniel Henderson, Publicity Manager for McClure's. Press Publicity Director, Mr. Bert Ennis, Press Publicity Director for McClure's Pictures. Manager of Supplies, Mr. Edwin Brown, Circulation Manager of McClure's. [186] HON. MYRON T. HERRICK, EX-AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE, WAR WORKER. THE FRENCH BUREAU OFFICERS President, Mme. Charles Le Verrier. Manager, Mrs. Daniel Gregory Mason. Advisory Board in New York, Mrs. William Astor Chanler Mrs. William Adams Delano Mrs. William Greenough Mrs. Victor Morawetz Mrs. Edith Parsons Morgan Miss Gertrude Watson Advisory Board in Paris, Mlle. Valentine Thomson Madame Le Verrier Mrs. John Ridgeley Carter Mrs. p. Lorillard Ronalds Mme. Maurice Kozminski [HIS Bureau was founded by Mlle. Valentine Thomson in Paris to increase the demand in America for French made toys. A permanent agency known as "The French Bureau" was subsequently established, where articles made by the wives, mothers and children of the French soldiers are disposed. The ultimate object of the Bureau is that America should be- come the chief market for all that France can produce in the way of toys, games and novelties of all kinds. Branch shops have been opened in San Francisco and Wash- ington, and others are in contemplation. [187] GIFTS FOR BELGIAN SOLDIERS HE Committee was formed in the month of February, 1915. At that time, M. Vandervelde had issued a personal appeal and had obtained, from the King of Belgium, the sum of Frs. 200,000 out of the "Daily Telegraph Fund." It is this fund that is at present called "Gifts for Belgian Soldiers." This Committee is engaged in sending comforts of all descriptions and money to the Belgian Soldiers at the Front. The Committee also originated the idea of shops for soldiers at the Front, as well as having created a special department named the "Section du Livre du Soldat" for the sending of books and other literature to the soldiers. This department has met with great success. President, M. Emile Vandervelde, Minister of State and Member of the Belgian Government. Patrons of the New York Committee, Dr. Lyman Abbott, Rev. William T. Manning, D. D., Editor of "The Outlook." Rector of Trinity Church. Senator Henri La Fontaine, Mr. Joseph Osler, Nobel Prize 1913. President, Fifth Avenue Bond & Mr. Lionel Hagenaers, Mortgage Company. Of Messrs. Lionel Hagenaers & Co. Mr. William H. Page, Mr. a. J. Hemphill, Counsellor-at-Law. Chairman of the Guaranty Trust Mr. Dean Sage, Company of New York. Of Messrs. Zabriskie, Murray, Sage Mr. Lloyd Mortimer Howell, & Kerr. Counsellor-at-Law. Rev. J. F. Stillemans, Mr. Raymond E. Jones, Director of the Belgian Bureau. Vice-President, Merchants National Mr. E. M. Weld, Bank. O^ Messrs. Stephen M. Weld & Co. [188] THE PATRIOTIC SERVICE LEAGUE (Incorporated) ' HE Patriotic Service League aims to form in every Congressional District an organization to arouse, co-ordinate and direct on the non-military side the patriotic efforts of all citizens of both sexes and of every age so that an early and successful termination of the v^rar may result. Some present specific duties of the organization are: The nutrition of children, the economical purchase and use of food in the home and co-operation with the food administration of the Government. The welfare of soldiers' families should be a neighborhood con- cern. In co-operation with other relief organizations they will in- vestigate and ascertain where relief is needed; furnish immediate assistance pending Governmental action; in a word, to do all possi- ble to protect these families from unnecessary hardship and need. Enlistment, conscription and exemptions present neighborhood problems which they can aid in solving. Work with the Red Cross in all its urgent manifold activities. Men in training camps and at the front must be provided with amusement and recreation. They will collect reading matter for them. Other methods to this end will later become evident. The Patriotic Service League knows no distinction of party. Its motto is universal service and its standard the flag. OFFICERS L. Arnold Frye, President Vice-Presidents, Wm. p. Chapman, Jr. Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler [189] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Bishop David H. Greer Rabbi Jacob Kohn Judge Samuel D. Levy Executive Secretary, Mrs. G. L. Bowman. Treasurer, Norbone p. Gatling. Percival Robert Moses Mrs. William Gumming Story MoNsiGNOR Edwin M. Sweeny Assistant Treasurer, H. H. Budelman. Liberty Loans Welfare of Soldiers and Families Food Prices and Conservation War Savings Stamps Soldiers' and Sailors' Clubhouse Red Cross Auxiliaries COMMITTEES Problems of Enlistment Roll of Honor Juvenile Delinquency Public Markets Red Cross and War Relief Industrial Survey Employment OFFICERS OF THE LEAGUE President, Frederic R. Coudert. Vice-President, Dr. Ellery C. Stowell. General Secretary, L. Arnold Frye. Corresponding Secretary, F. Cliffe Johnston. Treasurer, Alexander J. Hemphill. Assistant Treasurer, L. D. Stanton. GENERAL ADVISORY COUNCIL Charles S. Fairchild, Chairman Alton B. Parker James C. Egbert James T. Shotwell Franklin H. Giddings Oscar S. Straus Charles E. Hughes William T. Manning Langdon p. Marvin Morgan J. O'Brien Maude Wetmore Everett P. Wheeler Geo. W. Wickersham Admiral Sigsbee, U. S. N. Official Organ of the League, "THE PATRIOT." Geo. E. Lowen, Managing Editor. [190] CHILDREN'S TIN BOX FUND (INCORPORATED) Co-operating with Vacation War Relief Gsmmittee, New York EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President, Second Vice-President, Mrs. Edwin Channing Larned, Miss Mary U. Hoffman, New York Bristol. Secretary, First Vice-President, Miss A. W. DeWolf, Bristol. Mrs. Wallis Eastburn Howe, Treasurer, Bristol. John S. Codman, Boston ADVISORY COMMITTEE John S. Codman, Boston. Hamilton Fish Webster, Charles M. Dana, M. D., New York. Newport, R. I. \ HE Children's Tin Box Fund is an organization with a systematized method of putting tin boxes in public places and private houses, for the purpose of securing money wherewith to feed children in distress. These boxes are equipped with signs requesting a donation of 3 cents or more, and stating the purpose for which the contribu- tions are collected. The Children's Tin Box Fund was originated as a scheme to aid the Commission for Relief in Belgium. Its proceeds were sent to that organization for administration, and were to go toward pro- viding the 3c meal given by the Commission at mid-day in the schools, and to assist the work among the children of France. It is, however, not an ephemeral thing, and may be put at the service of children in distress in any land, at any time, by order of its officers. This fund is, so to speak, the affair of the man in the street ; of the working girl; of the hurrying passer by, and of children, whose charity savings are small. [191] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA The $3,000.00, $300.00 and the $3.00 man has been approached, but not the 3 cent man. This scheme gives him his chance to take a part of his country's responsibility upon himself, and in the short time since this Fund began its existence, he has justified its being. The Children's Tin Box Fund is now administered by its own officers. HONORARY MEMBERS Rhode Island: Rt. Rev. James DeWolf Perry, Jr., Gov. R. Livingston Beeckman, Mrs. John Nicholas Brown, Howard L. Clark, H. Anthony Dyer, Charles T. Dorrance, William Gammell, Theodore Francis Green, Mrs. Rowland G. Hazard, Rev. George L. Locke, D.D., Mrs. Jesse Metcalf, Harford W. Hare Powel, Mrs. Sidney Webster. New York : Mrs. Rogers H. Bacon, Hon. James M. Beck, Mrs. William Kinnicut Draper, Charles L. Gibson, M.D., George Gordon King, Miss Luisita A. Leland, C. R. Miller, Editor New York Times ; Mrs. Arthur Julian Moulton, Prof. Henry S. Munroe, W. Fellowes Morgan, Mrs. H. Fairfield Osborn, Miss Clara Spence, E. H. Sothern. Boston : Joseph S. Bigelow, Mrs. Horace Binney, Judge Robert Grant, M. A. DeWolfe Howe, Mrs. Maynard Ladd, Morton Prince, M.D., Moorfield Storey, Rev. William Harmon Van Allen, S.T.D., Mrs. Bentley Warren, Edward R. Warren. Brooklyn : Mrs. William G. Low. Washington, D. C, Mrs. J. Borden Harriman. Cleveland : Mrs. James Rudolph Garfield. Chicago : John V. Farwell, Edward L. Ryerson. [192] JEWISH PEOPLE'S RELIEF OF AMERICA HE Jewish People's Relief Committee was organized in the latter part of 1915 for the purpose of raising money to be used for the Jewish war sufferers in the belligerent countries. It is a national institution. OFFICERS Chairman, Meyer London. Vice-Chairmen, Rec. Sec'y. Admin. Comm. Louis Lipsky, Alex Kahn. Max Lulow. Treasurer, General Manager, Shepard Goldberg. Baruch Zuckerman. Recording Secretary, Assistant Manager, H. Lang. Abraham Zucker. ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE Isaac Allen Louis Lipsky Dr. a. Aronowitz Meyer London Sholem Asch y^^^ Lulow TOEL EnTIN t Ti/r -; ^ Jacob Milch A. Goldberg t^ c- i.t -, „ Dr. S. Neumann Meyer Gillis R CusKiN Morris Rothenberg E.' JESHURIN PiNCUS RuTTENBERG Alex Kahn Baruch Zuckerman [193] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA > »n : »»»»»»»»»:»»»» t >» : »»» > »»»»»»««»»»»»»»»i»»» » »»»»»»»»»!»»u»mmti MEMBERS Bridgeport, Conn.— P. Babad, S. Feldman. New Haven, Conn. — ^W. Alpert, E. Feldman, J. Salkind, I. Spector. Boston, Mass.— A. Hamlin, P. Potash, B. Rabalsky. Chelsea, Mass. — M. Barkum. Lynn, Mass. — B. Shamroth. Hoboken, N. J. — Rabbi Herschensohn. Jersey City, N. J. — D. Blaustein. Rochester, N. Y. — Chas. Messinger. Atlanta, Ga. — Morris Karlick. Washington, D. C— M. Garfinkle. St. Louis, Mo.— Dr. Geo. H. Alch. Worcester, Mass. — J. Dworkin. New York. — Isaac Allen, Dr. Anna Aronovitch, D. Bengurion, A. Bittelman, Meyer L. Brown, Ab. Cahan, J. Carlinger, I. Carmel, Chas. A. Cowan, Solomon Cutler, Dr. Fanny Dembo, Alexander Dolowitz, H. Ehrenreich, N. Elkin, Joel Entin, A. Epstein, L. Fife, B. Fingerhood, J. Gedalecia, M. Gillis, Ab. Goldberg, I. Goldin, I. Gonickman, R. Guskin, Mrs. Julius Halpern, Dr. B. Hoffman, E. Jeshurin, Alex. Kahn, Dr. Paul Kaplan, S. Klinofsky, A. Kritchmer- Israeli, H. Lang, S. M. La^uter, Dr. M. Levitt, E. W. Lewin-Epstein, Louis Lipsky, A. Litvack, L. B. London, Hon. Meyer London, Max Lulow, Morris Margulies, Jacob Milch, Chonon J. Minikes, A. Mintz, Dr. Leon Motzkin, Dr. S. Neumann, M. Olgin, B. Ostrovsky, Jacob Panken, Max Perlowitz, David Pinsky, Dr. F. Rosenblatt, Morris Rothenberg, Pincus Ruttenberg, David Salpeter, Joseph Schlossberg, Dr. Rose SchuUoff, William Schwartz, Jacob Shatz, Z. Shereshefsky, A. I. Shiplacoff, S. Shore, Joshua Sprayregen, D. Steinberg, M. Stern, Solomon Sufrin, Israel I. Wolf, S. Yurok, I. Zar, M. Zeldin, B. Zuckerman. [194] MERCY COMMITTEE OF NEW JERSEY This committee was formed to render emergency relief in time of war, pestilence, famine and other human tragedies at home or abroad. INCORPORATORS Mary L. C. Fisk Mary S. Myers Helen D. Irons Florence B. Otterson Eloise Telfair Freeman Mary W. Rodman Ella May Gilbert TRUSTEES Mrs. J. Kirtland Myers, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Chapman Fisk, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Thomas A. Sperry, Cranford, N. J. Mrs. Henry Clay Irons, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Jabez Gilbert, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Channing P. Wiley, Gladstone, N. J. Mrs. Edward K. Cone, Colonia, N. J. Mrs. Charles McCutcheon, Plainfield, N. J. Miss Margaret Bispham Levey, Elizabeth, N. J. Miss Alice Lakey, Cranford, N. J. Mrs. Geo. W. C. McCarter, New Brunswick, N. J. Miss Mary Rodman, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Charles D. Freeman, Iselin, N. J. Mrs. Frederick G. Mead, Plainfield, N. J. Miss Rachael Robinson, Rahway, N. J. Miss Edith H. Smalley, Netherwood, N. J. Miss Mary Phelps Robinson, Ashbrook, N. J. Mrs. F. DeLacy Hyde, Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Arthur L. Otterson, Plainfield, N. J. [195] LE PAQUET DU SOLDAT J HIS Society was established in September, 1915. The leading spirits in this enterprise are certain French and American ladies, all of whom are profoundly in- terested in the sad fate of those soldiers of France, who have been killed or wounded, and whose homes were situated somewhere between the battlefields of Flanders, the Marne and the Vosges. The fate of these men is doubly sad. Their homes are left unto them desolate; their wives and relatives have been dragged away by the invaders, or worse; their children lost; their fields destroyed; and there is no one in the world to take a personal in- terest in the soldiers from this particular district. It was the first aim of this Society, necessarily given in a most modest way, but nevertheless having accurate and systematic methods of obtaining information through French sources, to en- deavor to alleviate their suffering by sending to these men words of cheer and packages of .necessary supplies. OFFICERS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Madame Eugene Maloubier, Miss Byed W. Hamblen, President. Treasurer and Purchasing Agent. Madame Emmanuel Jonessoff, Mr. A. H. Bull, Vice-President. Auditor. Mlle. Cecile Debouy, French Secretary. [196] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA [♦{{{^{{{^^^^♦♦♦^^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦•■♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦*«' "^"••'•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦* ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«*♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦••♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦*♦» COMMITTEE OF LE PAQUET DE L'ORPHELIN Miss Frances Clement, Chairman. Mlle. Marie Louise Raoux Miss Elizabeth Goldsmith COMMITTEE OF LE PAQUET DE L'HOPITAL Mlle. Violette E. Scharff, Chairman Mlle. Louise Guebin Mlle. Julie E. Cappelle SHIPPING COMMITTEE Miss Olive Lewis, Chairman Miss Lillian Remy Miss Edna Dupre [197] STAGE WOMEN'S WAR RELIEF 'N the spring of, 1917, the stage women in New York, feyVcH cfi feeling the theatre should be expressed as a unit in •XiVkHJo^ service for the war, held a mass meeting in one of vT.ii'^SKFS^ the New York theatres and here inspired by a great ideal, hundreds of actresses pledged themselves to share in the great grim task which has come to this generation. Apparent to everyone was the need of them as entertainers, both for the boys in the camps and for the hundreds of benefits that were being held all over the country. Less evident to the out- sider was the care, when necessary, of the families of theatrical men in service and the need of centralizing their work. With these definite aims, the Stage Women's War Relief was founded. One of the first rules made was that only women connected (in any capacity) with the theatre should be eligible for membership. NATIONAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rachel Ceothers, President Elizabeth Tyree Metcalf, Hon. Vice-President Louise Closser Hale, First Vice-Pres. Dorothy Donnelly, Second Vice-Pres. Mary H. Kirkpatrick, Secretary Mrs. Shelley Hull, Treasurer Minnie Dupree, Ass't. Treasurer Mrs. J. Stuart Blackton Jessie Bonstelle May Buckley Mrs. Joseph Grismer Gladys Hanson Mrs. Jacob Litt Florence Nash Mrs. Chauncey Olcott Hilda Spong Frances Starr [198] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA NEW YORK CITY BRANCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chrystal Herne, Chairman Katherine Emmett, V ice-Chairman Georgia Caine Hudson Florence Gerrish, Treasurer Daisy Humphries Mrs. Richard Bennett Alma Kruger Bijou Fernandez Helen Tyler ADVISORY BOARD Margaret Anglin Julia Arthur Ethel Barry more Julie Opp Faversham Minnie Maddern Fiske Travelling Representative, Mrs. Otis Skinner. Travelling Representative Motion Pictures, Mrs. William Farnum. Chairman Camp Entertainments, Amelia Bingham. Eleanor Gates Grace George Julia Marlowe Margaret Mayo Laurette Taylor Director of Workrooms, Minnie Dupree. Executive Manager Workrooms. Mary Rehan. Auditor, Anna L. Faller. 199 ] SECOURS NATIONAL FUND FOR THE RELIEF OF FRENCH WOMEN AND CHILDREN AND BELGIAN REFUGEES T the outbreak of the war, the attention of the whole world was ttirned to the reHef of the wounded. A soldier who was ill or even a soldier who was well seemed to call forth sympathy, and relief committees were soon deep in collecting surgical dressings, pa- jamas, and the hundred and one things necessary to alleviate the suffering among the soldiers. But there was one group of Ameri- cans who saw a work that would extend long after the war; this committee, formed under the very efficient leadership of Mrs. Whitney Warren, was for relieving non-combatant sufferers from the war. The society was formed under the name of the Secours National, and, though it is managed by representatives of poHtical as well as religious organizations, proceeds upon a strictly non-par- tisan basis. It provides immediate relief for the inhabitants of the places destroyed by the enemy; it provides funds for the recon- struction of their homes; it maintains workshops for the unem- ployed; it supports shelters and restaurants for French and Bel- o-ian refugees ; it makes provisions for the care of orphaned or lost children, and of old people, and assists in the reUef of the thousands of civilians made prisoners by the Germans. These people, after many months of imprisonment, are often sent back through Swit- zerland in the most lamentable condition. The special purpose of [200] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA the New York Committee of the Secours National is to reUeve the destitution of French women and children and Belgian refugees. The organization came into existence on September 24th, 1914. Some of the members of the Committee, who are particularly gifted, have been able to give considerable help. Mr. Charles Dana Gibson, the well-known pen and ink artist, made a sketch for the Committee. It is a drawing of a little French boy, in tattered clothes, standing among the ruins of what was his home with smoke from the smouldering ruins rising all about him. His heroic child's determination to bear what he cannot prevent is expressed in the rigid little form and clenched fist. To accompany the drawing, the late Richard Harding Davis wrote an appeal to the American people to give aid to the women and children. The drawing and appeal were the means of obtaining a great many contributions. The New York Committee includes these names : Mrs. Frederick H. Allen Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. William H. Crocker Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting Mrs. William Greenougii Mrs. F. Gray Griswold Mrs. Walter Maynard Mrs. Ogden Mills Mrs. Francis K. Pendleton Mrs. Nathaniel Thayer Mrs. Edward M. Townsend Mrs. Harry P. Whitney Mrs. Whitney Warren, Charles B. Alexander Frederick H. Allen Hon. Robert Bacon Charles Dana Gibson Donald Harper McDoUGALL HaWKES Hon. Myron T. Herrick Frederic A. Juilliard John Moffat Gen. Horace Porter Lloyd Warren T. Tileston Wells Lloyd H. Smith, Jr., [201 AMERICAN OUVROIR FUND Mrs. Henry P. Loomis, Chairman. HONORARY COUNCIL Mr. Wm. R. Castle, Jr. Mr- Samuel L. Parrish James Cardinal Gibbons Lieut.-Col. Henry H. Rogers Prof. Edwin H. Hall Mr. Vivian Spencer Mr. Otis A. Mygatt Mr. Alfred Seton HE American Ouvroir Fund was founded in Decem- ber, 1915, by Mr. and Mrs. Otis A. Mygatt during a visit to New York from Paris. At the beginning of the war, August, 1914, these devoted friends of France established in their home in Paris a work- room for French women, who, by reason of the war, found it neces- sary to do something for self support. As the war continued, it became evident that the need, as well as our privilege, would be to help mothers whose financial resources had been greatly reduced, to provide an education for their girls and boys, such as these were entitled to, by birth and traditions, and such as their father would have provided for them had he lived. It was this new feature, of simple direct help without pub- licity, that appealed to the friends of Mr. and Mrs. Mygatt, and when they returned to France in October, 1916, the work of the American Ouvroir Funds was undertaken by the present chairman. The plan has been to provide for a definite child a regular quar- terly or yearly amount under the name of "marrainage" or adop- tion, entailing no legal obligation and to be terminated at will with three months' notice, the amount provided to be determined by the child's age, by the position of the family before the father's death, and by the annual cost of education to which the child is entitled by [202] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA birth and tradition, and also by the family's immediate necessities. Sole representative in America of the following French Socie- ties established for the care of French War Orphans : 1. L'ASSOCIATION NATIONALS FRANCAISE pour la Protection des Families des Morts pour la Patrie. 5 Rue Pre aux Clercs — Paris. Presidente Honoraire: la Duchesse de Vendome; President : Monsieur Emile Flourens, Ancien Ministre des Affaires Etrangeres; Presidentes: La Marquise de Mac Mahon, la Princesse Jacques de Broglie. One of the largest French Societies for the care of War Orphans of every class and from every department. 2. LA SAINT-CYRIENNE, Association Amicale des Anciens Eleves de Saint Cyr — fondee en 1864, Couronnee par I'Academie Francaise en 1916. 12 Rue de Bellechasse — Paris. President: le General Comte des Carets; Secretaire: le Capitaine Baron de Courcy. For the children of Officers who have graduated from the Military School of St. Cyr. 3. LA REUNION AMICALE. 32 Rue Taitbout— Paris. Presidente : Madame la Generale Lavisse. Comite : Madame la Generale Tremeau, Madame Mui'at Baronne Lejeune, Le General Comte des Carets, Monsieur Maurice Barres, Monsieur Frederic Masson. For the children of Reserve Officers and those who are graduates of military schools other than St. Cyr. 4. LA SOCIETE LA BRETAGNE. Fondee par la Vicomte de la Villemarque 1863. 74 Rue de Sevres — Paris. President: le General Vicomte de Kerdrel, Senateur ; Presidente : Mme. la Marquise de la Ferronnays. This Society is to aid the orphans of Britany. 5. L'OEUVRE DES BOURSES POUR LES ORPHELINS DE LA GUERRE, fondee par la Societe Generale d'Education. 14 bis rue d' Arras, Paris. President Honoraire: le Cardinal Amette; Presidente: Madame la Comtesse Keller, Madame la Generale Tremeau. For the education of daughters of officers and of the aristocracy. 6. LES ORPHELINS DE LA MER, fondee en 1897 par le Vice-Admiral Gicquel des Touches, 5 Rue Bayard, Paris. President : [203] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦^♦♦•' Vice-Admiral Touchard, Ancien Ambassadeur de France. For the orphans of the Navy. 7. L' ASSISTANCE MUTUELLE DES VEUVES DE LA GUERRE, 104 Faubourg St. Honore, Paris. President : Monsieur Frederic Masson, Chancelleur de I'Academie Francaise; Madame la Comtesse de Ribes. For the aid and encouragement of widows and their families living in Paris. 8. L'UNION LORRAINE, fondee en 1912, 55 Boulevard Menilmontant, Paris. President : Monsieur Henri de Wendel ; Le Baron Benoist. For the orphans of Lorraine. 9. SOCIETE AMICALE DES ANCIENS ELEVES DE L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE, fondee en 1865, 21, rue Descartes, Paris. President : Monsieur de Noblemaire. For the orphans of this great military school of artillery and engineers. 10. We are honored now by having a new society added, un- der the Honorary Presidency of Cardinal Mercier and the Presi- dency of Madame La Duchesse de Vendome, for the marrainage of Belgian orphans. AIDS AND AUXILIARIES BALTIMORE, MD.— Mrs. Alfred Partridge Klots, Mrs. C. Nelson Strother, Miss Meta Fowler. BOSTON, MASS.— Mrs. William R. Castle, Jr., Mr. Francis L. Allen, Mrs. Arthur K. Gardiner. CAMBRIDGE, MASS.— Mrs. Edwin H. Hall. BUFFALO, N. Y.— Mrs. R. S. Baldwin. BURLINGTON, VT.— Mrs. S. P. Jocelyn. CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.— Miss Anna Larrabee. CHATTANOOGA, TENN.— Mrs. C. C. Nottingham, Mrs. Gaston C. Raoul. CLEVELAND, O.— Mrs. George Kinney, Mr. F. S. Terry. COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO.— Mr. George W. Bierbauer. GREAT FALLS, MONT.— Mr. William M. Bole. MORRISTOWN, N. J.— Miss Dorothy Kissel, Mr. Benjamin Nicoll. NEWPORT, R. I. — Mrs. Harford Powell, Mrs. French Vanderbilt, Mrs. Lewis Cass Ledyard. [204] THE VOLUNT ARY AID OF AMERICA ALLIANCE, OHIO.— Miss Mary E. Kay. PHILADELPHIA, PA.— Mrs. E. Lawrence Dudley, JVIrs. James Large. PRINCETON, N. J.— Miss Sarena Marquand, Miss Elizabeth Parrott. TUXEDO PARK, N. Y.— Mrs. Alfred Seton, Mrs. Edward Weld, Mrs. Joseph E. Stevens, Mrs. Anson Beard, Miss Mary Alexander. WASHINGTON, D. C— Mrs. Henry H. Rogers, Mrs. William R. Castle, Jr. WELLESLEY, MASS.— Miss Marion Hamblet, Mrs. Isabel Fiske Conant. WASHINGTON, PA.— Mr. John W. Donnan. WILMINGTON, DEL.— Miss Mary Bringhurst. BLOOMINGTON, IND.— Mrs. F. W. Tilden. LAFAYETTE, IND.— Mrs. F. B. Timberlake. LONG ISLAND.— Mrs. C. Vernon Mann, Jr., Mrs. Morris Carnegie, Mrs. Charles Fair, Miss Lucile Thornton, Mrs. Lyttleton Fox, Mrs. C. Tiffany Richardson, Mrs. Hobart Betts, Mrs. Philip Livermore, Mrs. George F. Baker, Jr., Mrs. Mary Wiborg, Mrs. H. H. Rogers. HONOLULU, HAWAII.— Mrs. Ferdinand Hedeman. ST. LOUIS, MO.— Mrs. W. C. Little. HIAWATHA, KAN.— Miss Jeanne Lacroix. EMPORIA, KAN.— Mrs. Charles C. Martin. AUGUSTA, GA.— Mr. Landon A. Thomas. ANDOVER, MASS.— Mr. Samuel N. Baker. Informal parlor meetings have been held during the year at the following houses, addressed by Mrs. H. P. Loomis : The Colonial Dames of America, New York, N. Y. The Colonial Dames of America, Baltimore, Md. The Colonial Dames of America, Philadelphia, Pa. The Maryland Chapter of Colonial Dames, Baltimore, Md. Miss Mary Bringhurst, Wilmington, Del. Miss Meta Fowler, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Henry Barton Jacobs, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. H. H. Rogers, Washington, D. C. [205] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA uiniitminnminiiiiiiiiiii»i»»ttimtmi»Mtnitt»>ttin»mtim»nmniiminp^infHnnmini i m i Mrs. Arthur Lee, Washington, D, C. Mrs. Gaillard, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Lewis Cass Ledyard, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Robert Sturgis, New York, N. Y. Club House, Watch Hill, Conn. Mrs. H. H. Rogers, Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Robert Sturgis, Chelten Hills, Pa. Mountain House, Lake Mohonk, N. Y. And others. Addressed by Mrs. H. P. Loomis and Mrs. H. H. Rogers : Mrs. Geo. F. Baker, Jr., Glen Cove, L. I. Miss Lucille Thornton, St. James, L. I. Miss Wiborg, Easthampton, L. I. Miss Dorothy Kissell, Morristown, N. Y. Mrs. Anson Beard, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. Mrs. French Vanderbilt, Newport, R. I. Mrs. J. Stewart Barney, Newport, R. I. Mrs. Brice Allen, Beverley Farms, Mass. [206] ? ' HON. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, HONORARY PRESIDENT, WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE. WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE WHAT WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE DOES HROUGH the fathers and mothers, the children and all others in the communities adjacent to our great training camps, cantonments and naval stations. War Camp Community Service does for the men in uniform who go on leave to these cities, towns and villages, what each father and mother in America wants done for his or her own son. The homes, churches, lodges, business organizations and special club houses and community houses built and maintained by the Service, are the means through which those who remain at home are enabled to show our soldiers and sailors in personal and human ways that the nation individually and as a whole is behind them. The effect of the work of War Camp Community Service is to create and maintain morale. And it is morale that is winning the war! WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE IS OFFICIAL War Camp Community Service is not a private, or even a semi- public organization. It is an official organization of the United States Government under the Commissions on Training Camp Activities of the War and Navy Departments. The War Department Commission on Training Camp Activi- ties was appointed by Secretary Newton D. Baker in April, 1917. The Navy Department Commission on Training Camp Activities [207] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA : t»»» ii » i »»»»» ii »tn»»n»i»»»H»»«»»n»»»»n»t»nn»»»»«mnt»n»»» i »ii i iimm » was established by Secretary Josephus Daniels three months later. Raymond B. Fosdick was appointed Chairman of both. These Commissions called on the Playground and Recreation Association of America to carry on their work in the communities outside and adjoining the camps under the official name of War Camp Community Service. The Playground and Recreation Association of America had had years of experience in carrying on the sort of work it was called upon to perform — to provide clean, wholesome amusement and recreation, and to substitute things that are good for things that are bad. HOW WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE WORKS . - , , . War Camp Community Service proceeded to the task of organ- izing as fast as possible the communities in which it was thus called upon by the Commission to work. But "organizing a com- munity" is an impossible and incomprehensible expression without an explanation of what it means. It means, in the typical community of Norfolk, Va., for in- stance, that an executive committee, consisting of prominent citi- zens of diversified interests, was formed by the representative of War Camp Community Service in that city. This committee has general charge and responsibility for the entire work in Norfolk. Next, a Home Hospitality Committee was formed to secure home entertainment for the men in the service and to see that every home in Norfolk, as far as possible, is open to men in uni- form. Then a Service Club Committee was formed to conduct the War Camp Community Service Club. The Liberty Sings Commit- tee was next appointed to teach soldiers and civilians to sing together. One of the most important of the innumerable other commit- tees was the Rooming Bureau Committee whose duty it is to pro- vide clean, respectable lodgings at inexpensive rates to our men in uniform and their visiting friends and relatives. Other committees in Norfolk are the Visiting Entertainment Committee, the Books and Magazines Committee, the School En- [208] .sCf^SS^JPE^ JOSEPH LEE, ESQ., PRESIDENT, WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE. \ THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA » » » n«»»»n;iiii i ii i i» i iii i iii iii; iiii» ! »»»K t «»»» i! ins?:t;mtt ! !t !;; t»»» t »»»»»:» n«ttmm: tertainment Committee, the Church Entertainment Committee, the Men's Social Club Entertainment Committee, the Woman's Social Club Entertainment Committee, the Committee on Newspapers for Sailors, the Legal Aid Committee, the Committee on Athletics, the Commercial Relations Committee, the Fraternal Entertainment Committee, the Committee on Entertainment of Our Allies, the Girls' Employment Committee, the Girls' Activities Committee, the Motor Service Committee, the PubHc Comfort Stations Commit- tee, the Finance and Budget Committee, the Committee on Social Entertainments in the Armory, the Distinguished Visitors Commit- tee, the Preparatory School Committee, the Bathing Facilities Com- mittee, the Officers' Club and Family Hotel Committee, the Film Service Committee, the Committee on Entertainment for Negroes, the Committee on Recreation for Industrial Workers, the Commit- tee on Information which conducts the information booths, and the Union Services Committee which arranges for joint religious meet- ings. To each one of these committees was assigned definite tasks, and with the completion of their organization Norfolk may be said to be fairly well organized. Through the efforts of War Camp Community Service cities are opening their parks, playgrounds, athletic fields and swimming facilities to our fighting men; they are providing many forms of entertainment, — organ recitals, band concerts, municipal recep- tions, pageants, parades and festivals; and they are exercising closer supervision over their commercial amusements such as mov- ing picture houses and dance halls. Churches are taking special responsibility for hospitality on Sunday afternoons and evenings, and, with many other organiza- tions, are giving parties and receptions, carefully chaperoned, at which the men of our new armies meet girls and older women. In- formation booths are established, and directories to the better recre- ational resources of the communities are distributed; cafeterias are maintained, flowers are sent to the hospitals, soldiers are protected from exploitation, and lodgings are found for their wives and fami- lies. [209] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »a«»H»un»»»»»»»»»»n»»:;»»»:»»H» » »» » »»» » » » H»HH»» i »»HH»»H»»»H i »H mm) Without any hard and fast rules or precedents War Camp Community Service has done whatever seemed best at the time, wherever most needed. War Camp Community Service is the people of America work- ing together to surround the camps with hospitality, to make our soldiers feel that the best we have is none too good for those who go to fight for America and for the World. It is a work of the peo- ple, carried on by the people, for the people's sons and brothers in the war. The Honorary President of War Camp Community Service is the Hon. Theodore Roosevelt. The other administrative officers are: President, Joseph Lee; Vice-Presidents, William Kent and Robert Garrett; Treasurer, Gustavus T. Kirby; Secretary, H. S. Braucher. The actual administration of funds is in the hands of a Budget Committee consisting of the Hon. Myron T. Herrick, ex- Governor of Ohio and former Ambassador to France; Horace E. Andrews, capitalist and railroad president; Clarence M. Clark, of E. W. Clark & Co., of Philadelphia; Charles D. Norton, vice-presi- dent of the First National Bank of New York ; Henry W. DeForest, lawyer and philanthropist, and Joseph Lee, president of War Camp Community Service. This committee considers and approves every apportionment and disbursement of funds. WHAT IS SAID OF WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE President Wilson has called War Camp Community Service "a military and social necessity," and Secretary Daniels has written that "Such a service cannot help but play a large part in winning the war." Major-General Leonard Wood, who is in position to see the effects of the work from the army morale viewpoint, has said : "As one responsible for the well-being and comfort as well as the training and preparation for war of some 50,000 men now in camp, and a much larger number who have passed through it, I want to express my appreciation of what the War Camp Commu- nity Service is doing. Your great work has been outside the camps and cantonments and has reached the men when beyond our aid and influence. I feel sure that when the public understands what your work really means, you will receive the strongest kind of support." [210] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»» i »it»»»»n»»»»»» i t»»»»»»»n ! »!; ;i : i »»»t i< »«m» i » i »» i » i ii i ii i »:»» ; » i »;» t »»» ; Hundreds of others in positions of importance in governmental, business and philanthropic circles have endorsed the W. C. C. S. quite as cordially, and thousands of letters from men in uniform have testified to their appreciation of the Service. Civilians and soldiers alike agree that the organization is doing a vv^ork of ines- timable value. The widespread and diversified entertainment, the zealous pro- tection, the wholesome hospitalities of War Camp Community Ser- vice have been instrumental in establishing an unconquerable morale in our soldiers, sailors and marines. And morale is winning the war ! [211] THE POLISH CHE^DREN'S RELIEF FUND OF THE WOMEN'S LEAGUE IN POLAND Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee, Treasurer. Miss Zofia Naimska, Official Representative. [HE League of Polish Women is one of the largest women's organizations in Poland, comprising hun- dreds of thousands of members of all strata of society. It is probably the most democratic organization in Poland, and in it are enrolled women of aristocratic birth as well as peasants. The League has manifold aims and one of its special branches of work is the care and relief of orphaned children. It is for the "Board of Guardians for the Children Vic- tims of the War" that money is being collected to be distributed among the homeless and starving children of Poland. The Polish Women in America have grouped themselves into a similar League and are collecting money for the children. Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee has very kindly consented to act as Treasurer of the Polish Children's Relief Fund, to which all money collected by the PoHsh Women's League, as well as any other donations, are sent. The Women's Leagues formed during the war in the Kingdom of Poland and in Galicia have jointly organized a Board of Guar- dians for the children war victims, with the following program : 1. To gather information about the little orphans and semi- orphans. [212] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA 2. To bring back Polish children who live dispersed in foreign lands and who are threatened with denationalization. 3. To establish institutions for dispensing immediate relief in the form of milk, clothing and fuel. 4. To establish homes for widowed women with children, and to build orphanages where children can be brought up under proper physical and moral guidance, and where vocational training will be provided to fit them for remunerative occupation after they leave the institution. 5. To organize control over all forms of care given to the youthful victims of the war. The Board of Guardians has taken upon its shoulders a tre- mendous task. The PoHsh nation will do all in its power to help to accomplish it, as it well realizes that this must be done. [213] THE CIRCLE FOR NEGRO WAR RELIEF. Inc. [ HE Circle for Negro War Relief is working to buy as many ambulances as possible to present to the Gov- ernment for the use of the colored troops. The Units will continue to do local relief work such as making knitted garments, furnishing smokes and literature, maintaining canteens and caring for dependent families. President, Mrs. Emily Bigelow Hapgood Treasurer, Harrison Rhodes Executive Secretary, Mrs. Etnah Rochon Boutte Vic e-Presidents, Governor Charles S. Whitman Dr. W. E. Burghardt Du Bois Dr. Robert R. Moton Colonel Charles Young Ray Stannard Baker George Foster Peabody Local Advisory Committee, Rev. F. a. Cullen Mrs. Norman Cotton Mrs. Lelia Walker Robinson Mrs. Ruth Logan Roberts Hon. E. a. Johnson Rev. G. Frazier Miller Mrs. Dora Cole Norman Mrs. Adah B. Thoms Mrs. Sadie Dorsette Tandy Governor Charles S. Whitman Dr. W. E. Burghardt Du Bois ColoneiL Charles Young Mrs. Amos R. E. Pinchot Mrs. James W. Johnson Ray Stannard Baker Mrs. Emilie Bigelow Hapgood Directors, Charles A. Peabody Russell Janney Dr. Robert R. Moton Edward Sheldon Mrs. William A. Kissam J. Rosamond Johnson Mrs. Egerton L. Winthrop [214] PATRONS AND PATRONESSES HE following are a few of the distinguished persons, through whose untiring efforts the great War Relief work of America has been made possible, in which are included a number of Patrons, to whom the publishers are indebted for their active co-operation, in connec- tion with the distribution of this historical document, to the Em- bassies, Legations, Libraries and Rulers of the Allied and Neutral Powers, thus assuring a fitting record of America's answer to the great call of humanity being placed in the State Archives of Europe as well as America. Frederick H. Allen, Esq. Hon. Henry Auchu Franklin Abbott, Esq. Charles L. Auger, Esq. Capt. W. G. Andrews W. H. Andrews Mrs. Charles B. Alexander Mrs. A. M. Ackermann Mrs. John Ames Mrs. Chandler Anderson Mrs. J. E. Aldred Mrs. Jules Bache Mrs. Wendell Baker Miss Edith Bangs Mrs. Edmund L. Baylies Mrs. August Belmont Mrs. Francis McNeil Bacon, Jr. Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler Mrs. J. G. Brandt Jules Bache, Esq. James A. Blair, Jr., Esq. Prof. A. M. Brooks Henry J. Bigham, Esq. Hon. Newton D. Baker F F. Beall, Esq. Hon. Robert Bacon William Harry Brown, Esq. Alexander C. Brown, Esq. John McE. Bowman, Esq. Carl G. Barth, Esq. John J. Bausch, Esq. M. M. Baker, Esq. Samuel Bell, Jr., Esq. J. Frederic Byers, Esq. G. L. Babcock, Esq. Samuel H. Beach, Esq. D. Becker, Esq. [215] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Ben. B. Bryan, Esq. Nicholas F. Brady, Esq. Mrs. F. A. Carnochan Mrs. John J. Chapman Mrs. Joseph H. Choate Mrs. Henry Clews Mrs. W. Bourke Cockran Mrs. Howard Cushing Mrs. R. Fulton Cutting Mrs. Wm. Bayard Cutting Mrs. Alexander J. Cassatt Mrs. Nellie B. Chisholm Lady Colebrooke Miss Mary T. Conklin Mrs. Wm. Astor Chanler P. C. Cartier, Esq. C. A. Coffin, Esq. Rawlins Cottenet, Esq. Frederic R. Coudert, Esq. Col. Harry Cutler Geo. N. Clemson, Esq. N. J. Cary, Esq. H. H. Cammann, Esq. H. Content, Esq. Hon. Josephus Daniels Miss Katherine B. Davis Mrs. W. C. DeLanoy Miss Marie-Louise de Sadeleer Miss Dorothy Donnelly Miss Sophie Downer Miss Caroline Duer Mrs. Charles H. Ditson Mrs. John R. Drexel Henry W. DeForest, Esq. Cleveland H. Dodge, Esq. Cleveland E. Dodge, Esq. Marcellus Hartley Dodge, Esq. Samuel T. Dutton, Esq. Prof. Chas. A. Downer Cornelius J. Danaher, Esq. Coleman Du Pont, Esq. Arthur Emmerich, Esq. Charles J. Eisenlohr, Esq. Mrs. Newbold LeRoy Edgar Mrs. James B. Eustis Mrs. Chas. D. Freeman Mrs. Henry C. Frick Mrs. Marshal Field Mrs. W. B. Osgood Field Mrs. Theodore Frelinghuysen Mrs. M. E. M. Frantzen Hamilton Fish, Jr., Esq. Raymond B. Fosdick, Esq. Paul Faguet,, Esq. Haley Fiske, Esq. A. B. Farquhar, Esq. G. Fairbanks, Esq. Geo. H. Frazier, Esq. J. H. Flagler, Esq. William Fox, Esq. Col. M. Friedsam Mrs Michael Gavin Mrs Benjamin Guinness Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson Mrs. Ogden Goelet Mrs. Wm. Greenough Mrs. F. Gray Griswold Mrs. T. Harrison Garrett William Greenough, Esq. Benjamin Guinness, Esq. Rudolph Garfield, Esq. Arthur Gleason, Esq. Capt. Robert Goelet F. B. Giflford, Esq. T. J. Gillespie, Esq. Paul Guenther Miss Isabelle H, Hardie Mrs. J. Borden Harriman Mrs. Oliver Harriman Miss Elizabeth Hays WilHam L Haven, Esq. [216] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Mrs. Emilie Bigelow Hapgood W. J. Harahan, Esq. Dr. L. G. Hardman J. W. Harriman, Esq. Mrs. E. H. Harriman Thomas Hastings, Esq. Hon. McDougall Hawkes Mrs. F. L. Heidritter Mrs. Oliver Herford August Heckscher, Esq. Alexander J. Hemphill, Esq. Mrs. Cooper Hewitt William R. Hereford, Esq. A. S. Heidelbach, Esq. A. Heidritter, Esq. Mrs. J. H. Holden Pehr G. Holmes, Esq. Mrs. Chas. F. Hoffman Mrs. Francis B. Hoffman Mrs. Frederick Housman Chas. F. Hoffman, Esq. Wm. M. Hoffman, Esq. Major F. L. B. Hoppin Hon. Chas. Evans Hughes Mrs. Henry E. Huntington Arthur Curtiss James, Esq. Mrs. Cadwalader Jones Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James Mrs. A. D. JuiUiard Mrs. Oliver Jennings Mrs. V. R. Johnson Otto H. Kahn, Esq. George Gordon King, Esq. Le Roy King, Esq. O. Kafka, Esq. James E. Kavanagh, Esq. George Kern, Esq. Mrs. Prescott Keyes Mrs. James H. Kidder Mrs. Wm. A. Kissam Mrs. Otto H. Kahn Miss Maud Emily Kahn Mrs. J. M.. Keith Miss May Ladenburg F. C. Lang, Esq. Mrs. J. Elliot Langstaff Mrs. George Lee Lady Lister-Kaye Miss Helen Losanitch Mrs. Philip Lydig Mrs. Wm. Goadby Loew Mrs. Maturin Livingston Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. J. F. D. Lanier Lewiss Cass Ledyard, Esq. Philip M. Lydig, Esq. Edward B. Lyman, Esq. Er. Lawshe, Esq. Woodbury G. Langdon, Esq. Philip W. Livermore, Esq. Rev. Dr. Judah L. Magnes Miss Elisabeth Marbury Miss Adah E. Marks Mrs. Chas. H. Marshall Mrs. D. G. Mason Mrs. Henry L. Mason Miss Elsa Maxwell Mrs. Edward McVickar Miss Sophie Moore Mrs. R. S. Morton, M. D. Mrs. John Milburn Mrs. J. Archibald Murray James Marwick, Esq. Walter E. Maynard, Esq. E. G. Merrill, Esq. Wm. H. Millar, Esq. John Moffat, Esq. J. P. Morgan, Esq. Clarence H. Mackay, Esq. Ogden Mills, Esq. Chas. A. Munn, Esq. C. R. Miller, Esq. [217] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Mrs. Clark Mellen Mrs. John Magee Mrs. Walter Maynard Mrs. Stanley Mortimer Mrs. H. Morton Mrs. Jordan Mott H^nry Morganthau, Esq. Wm. H. Moore, Esq. Martin B. Madden, Esq. Orra E. Monnette, Esq. R. V. Mundy, Esq. George Merck, Esq. Geo. G. Moore, Esq. M. P. Mosely, Esq. Mrs. Ogden Mills Mrs. William Fellowes Morgan L. M. McAnulty, Esq. Miss Teresa O'Donahue Mrs. Fairfield Osborn Mrs. Hamilton Osgood M. M. Palmer, Esq. Ernest Peixotto, Esq. Clyde A. Pratt, Esq. Dr. Morton Prince Ralph J. Preston, Esq. Wm. Ross Proctor, Esq. Harold I. Pratt, Esq. Herbert L. Pratt, Esq. George Foster Peabody, Esq. Robt. W. Pomeroy, Esq. Nicholas F. Palmer, Esq. R. O. Paterson, Esq. Piel Bros. Mrs. Florence B. Pelo Miss Alice Preston Mrs. Amos R. E. Pinchot Mrs. James Lowell Putnam Mrs. Chas. A. Post Mrs. George B. Post Mrs. John T. Pratt Mrs. Frederick Pearson Miss Cornelia Prime Mrs. Percy R. Pyne Mrs. Mary Pearce Karl Davis Robinson, Esq. Francis B. Roche, Esq. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt Wallace H. Rowe, Esq. W. C. Rankin, Esq. Mrs. SalHe WiUiams Riegel Miss Ruth E. Roberts Mrs. Mildred Russel-Fowler Mrs. Whitelaw Reid Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Mrs. Oren Root Mrs. T. J. Oakley Rhinelander Mrs. J. West Roosevelt Mrs. Wm. Emlen Roosevelt Mrs. Rives Mrs. Douglas Robinson Charles Sabin, Esq. Herbert L. Satterlee, Esq. George T. Scott, Esq. Mrs. Ralph Sanger Miss Schingleur Miss Elizabeth Scarborough Miss Gertrude Robinson Smith Miss Carita Spencer Mrs. John Wood Stewart Mrs. Rutherford Stuyvesant Mrs. Thomas A. Sperry Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee Mrs. Richard Satterlee Mrs. Wm. Douglas Sloane Mrs. Willard D. Straight Mrs. Sherman Mrs. Chas. Steele Mrs. Lyman C. Smith Mrs. Z. G. Simmons Miss Ada Sterling Henry R. Sedgwick, Esq. Valentine P. Snyder, Esq. [218] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA. i<»» i» »»»i»t»» i »»»i i »»»»«»n»«»n»tn»»»tt»m i » i »»mi i iiimiiiii»»ii i ii i i ii i"" o»» Arthur Starke, Esq. Dr. Louis L. Seaman Walter E. Sachs, Esq. Chas. Scribner, Esq. Brig. Gen. Chas. H. Sherrill Francis Lynde Stetson, Esq. James A. Scrymser, Esq. Rev. Dr. Ernest M. Stires Oscar S. Straus, Esq. Nathan Straus, Esq. Chas. W. Seiberling, Esq. Wm. Salomon, Esq. Heinrich Schniewind, Jr., Esq. T. C. Sheehan, Esq. F. H. Simmons, Esq. C. F. Sturhahn, Esq. Hon. Wm. Howard Taft S. Breck P. Trowbridge, Esq. W. B. Thompson, Esq. Frank Tilford, Esq. Mrs. Russell Tyson Miss J. P. Tiffany Mrs. F. F. Thompson Mrs. Wm. Payne Thompson Mrs. Leonard Thomas Mrs. John B. Trevor Mrs. Twombly Mrs. Geo. E. Tener F. H. Toye, Esq. Samuel Untermyer, Esq. Chas. V. Vickrey, Esq. Col. Cornelius Vanderbilt Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Miss Cora P. Van Dyck Mrs. Fred'k W. Vanderbilt Mrs. Alexander Van Rensselaer Miss Alice Van Rensselaer Mrs. Wm. K. Vanderbih Felix M. Warburg, Esq. Whitney Warren, Esq. T. Tileston Wells, Esq. H. J. Whigham, Esq. Thomas Whittemore, Esq. Louis Wiley, Esq. David Willard, Esq. Arthur Williams, Esq. Lloyd Warren, Esq. Whitney Warren, Esq. Louis Webb, Esq. Chas. Wetmore, Esq. Gov. Chas. S. Whitman Rodman Wanamaker, Esq. John Wanamaker, Esq. Charles Wacker, Esq. W. F. Wendt, Esq. Wm. Walter Wilcox, Esq. Mrs. Barclay H. Warburton Paul M. Warburg Mrs. Fiske Warren Mrs. Whitney Warren Miss Maude Wetmore Mrs. H. J. Whigham Mrs. H. LeRoy Whitney Mrs. Eliot Butler Whiting Mrs. Mary Hatch Willard Mrs. Payne Whitney Mrs. Egerton L. Winthrop Mrs. Charles Elliot Warren Mrs. Seward Webb Mrs. Lucius K. Wilmerding Mrs. Orme Wilson Mrs. Beekman Winthrop Mrs. Robt. Winthrop Miss L. G. Witherbee Mrs. C. B. Whitney Col. Chas. M. Young [219] THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION N June, 1917, the National Board of the Y. W. C. A. appointed a War Work Council. The War Work / Council, acting through the Field Department, is organized under the following Commit- tee: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman, Mrs. James S. Cushman. Vice-Chairman, Mrs. John R. Mott. Vice-Chairman, Mrs. William Adams Brown. Treasurer, Mrs. Henry P. Davison. Secretary, Mrs. Howard M. Morse. CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES Social Morality, Mrs. Robert E. Speer. Finance, Mrs. Herbert L. Pratt. Co-operation and Publicity, Mrs. Lewis H. Lapham. Work for Foreign-horn Women, Mrs. Francis de Lacy Hyde. Work in Europe, Mrs. John H. Mott. Girls Housing Committee, Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Organization and Extension Work Among Colored Women, Mrs. Charlton Wallace. Hostess Houses, Mrs. E. M. Townsend. Junior Council, Mrs. Frank Lusk Babbott, Jr. Workers' Bureau, Mrs. Dave H. Morris. Nominating, Miss Katharine Lambert. Land Service, Mrs. Arthur G. Stone. [220] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»tH»nMtiMM»iiiiiiiiitiii»»»t(tiinimttm tt;ittiiiit m i; " !iiiiii i i;iittiiiiii » i nm iiitiiiiiiitiii n t r EX-OFFICIO Chairman, Executive Committee of Executive, Field Work Department, National Board, Mrs. John French. ^^^s Helen A. Davis. General Secretary, National Board, Miss Mabel Gratty. COMMITTEE ON PUBLICITY AND EDUCATION Chairman, Mrs. Lewis H. Lapham. Mrs. Wm. Adams Brown Miss Katherine Lambert Miss Jean Greer Mrs. Howard Morse Mrs. Robert Garner Hill Mrs. George Whitney AUXILIARY MEMBERS Miss Louise Butler Miss Helen Hyde Miss Alice Davison Mrs. James A. Webb, Jr. Mrs. E. R. L. Gould Director, Mrs. Wallace Hamilton Miss Estelle Paddock WHAT THE Y. W. C. A. DOES The immediate protection and assistance of women and girls aflfected by the war is the task undertaken by the Young Women's Christian Association. All the resources of the society, its fifty years' experience with girls, and the co-operation of more than a thousand Associations from the Atlantic to the Pacific are directed toward this end. The general lines followed in this emergency work are Hostess Houses in the camps, emergenc}'' housing for employed girls, for- eign community work among women who cannot speak English, work in colored communities affected by the war, and extended recreational work among girls in the vicinity of the cantonments. Five hundred and eighty-one association workers are employed on war work in the United States. They are social workers, both white and colored, club and recreation leaders, physical directors, dietitians, business women, household and employment experts, educationalists, and physicians. Association members now num- ber 361,320. From the beginning the War Work Council planned to include not only American women affected by the war, but because of the [221] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»K»»»»ini iiii nii i t»»»»»»««»»»»»ti» iii in»«» »i »»»n: i » i » ti »»HH»Him:iimi>i i »ffi pleas from France and Russia, the first budget contained an item for work in Europe. Administrative, industrial and recreational secretaries were sent to place their experience at the disposal of the Russian women. In France the activities have fallen into two general divisions — social work among American war relief work- ers and co-operation with French women in work for their own people. The object, in France as in Russia, is to co-operate with the women of these countries developing such phases of social ser- vice for women as will meet war conditions, and at the same time become permanent foundations for future work. Hotel Petrograd has been opened in Paris, for American women war relief workers, at 33 rue Caumartin. Another hostess house has been opened at Tours. A room in each recreation hut, for nurses established at all the American base hospitals, is pro- vided with a Y. W. C. A. social worker. Three hostess houses to lodge the American Signal Corps women have been organized at the request of Army officials. The Foyers des Alliees are recreation centers for French mu- nition women workers, for women otherwise employed by the French government, and for French women, established by the American Y. W. C. A. at the request of the French Government. The War Work Council, now numbering a hundred and thirty are chosen from the whole United States. Its officers are : Mrs. James Stewart Cushman, Chairman; Mrs. John R. Mott and Mrs. William Adams Brown, Vice-Chairmen; Mrs. Howard Morse, Secretary, and Mrs. Henry P. Davison, Treasurer. Among other members are: Mrs. Robert Lansing, Mrs. Josephus Daniels, Mrs. Leonard Wood, Mrs. John French, Mrs. Percy V. Pennybacker, Miss Mary E. Woolley, Mrs. Robert Bacon. [222] AMERICAN FUND FOR FRENCH WOUNDED HE American Fund for French Wounded was organ- ized in 1915 by a number of American women residing abroad who had, since the outbreak of the war, se- cured and sent to the hospitals of Normandy and Brittany large quantities of hospital supplies through the English Committee called the "French Wounded Emergency Fund," now known as, "The French War Emergency Fund." Among these women Avere, Mrs. Alfred Partridge Klots, Mrs. Benjamin Girault Lathrop, Mrs. de Neuville-Floyd, Mrs. Romilly Fedden, Hon. Mrs. West, and Miss Anna Murray Vail. The distributing ser- vice in France was then organized by Mrs. Klots, Miss Daisey Polk (later connected with the Belgian Relief Commission), and Mr. William Law Stout, at the Chateau de Rochefort-en-terre as the first distributing depot. In the Spring of 1915, the first American committee was formed in New York, through the efforts of Mrs. Ethelbert Nevin, assisted by Miss Ann Morgan as Treasurer. Miss Elizabeth Scarborough, Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Charles M. Chapin and several others. Simultaneously, committees were formed in Baltimore, Boston, Chicago and San Francisco. With the assistance of Mr. Harold Goad, the formation of branch committees throughout the United States was begun. In November, 1915, the various American committees formerly associated with the French Wounded Emergency Fund withdrew and formed an independent organization under the name of American Fund for French Wounded, and at the same time a Paris [223] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA immma niiiiiiti!»»»» t! i;ii i i iii ! » »;»»»t»»»ttmtnnn»itn» i ;i ii! ;i»!» mmt Depot was organized for the receipt and distribution of American supplies and funds, with Mrs. Lathrop as Chairman and Miss Vail as Treasurer. The main Branches of the Fund are : New York. — Mrs. Charles M. Chapin, Chairman. New England (Headquarters, Boston). — Miss Edith Bangs, Chairman. Chicago. — Mrs. Russell Tyson, Chairman. Baltimore. — Miss Louise Dawson, Chairman. Seattle. — Mme. R. Anzias de Turenne, Chairman. Each committee maintains a Workroom for the manufacture of hospital supplies and garments for refugees, which are made entirely by volunteers. The following are the principal activities of the American Fund in France: (1) distributing hospital supplies to over four thousand French military hospitals; (2) supporting dispensaries and vestiaires for wounded and sick civilians and refugees, and (3) doing every kind of emergency work to relieve the suffering in France. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL AMERICAN FUND FOR FRENCH WOUNDED Honorary President, Mrs. Ethelbert Nevin. President, Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer. Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Charles M. Chapin, Chairman New York Branch. Miss Edith Bangs, Chairman New England Branch. Mrs. Russell Tyson, Chairman Chicago Branch. Miss Louise Dawson, Chairman Baltimore Branch. Treasurer, Mr. Charles M. Chapin. Assistant Treasurer, Central Union Trust Company. Secretary, Mrs. Herbert Bodman. Honorary Members, His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons Mrs. Alfred Partridge Klots Members, Mrs. Talbot Chambers Mr. Frederick R. Newbold Mrs. William G. Rockefeller Mrs. James Roosevelt Counsel, Mr. a. Parker Nevin Mr. William Law Stout Mr. Alexander Whiteside [224] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA One representative of the Paris Ad- ministration and one for each group of twenty committees affiliated with any Branch. PARIS ADMINISTRATION President, Vice-President, Mrs. Benjamin Girault Lathrop. Dr. Alexis Carrel. Secretary, Treasurer, Ms. Herbert M. Nichols. Miss Anna Murray Vail. Miss Marie Louise Brent. Chairman of the Corresponding Mr. William Gwin. Committee in London, Mrs. Francis George Shaw. Viscountess Bryce. [225] CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR THE RELIEF OF JEWS SUFFERING THROUGH THE WAR >'■T^i;^^^■^^/ S the only one of the three committees which raise ftZAAnHf^T/ money for the war sufferers, which reserves its ac- fXlA.'X^^^ tivities for the Orthodox Jews, and is the only agency ht^.iK^^fS^ that will collect money in the synagogues, the other two committees having decided to leave the Central Committee in sole charge of this work. An appeal has been made certain in all Synagogues from Nor- thern Canada to the Argentine. The initiative in relief came from the Orthodox Jews in Amer- ica, they having organized the Central Relief Committee headed by prominent leaders. Mr. Leon Kamaiky, Harry Fischel, Rabbi Israel Rosenberg, Rabbi Meyer Berlin, Peter Wiernik, Julius J. Dukas, Albert Lucas, Morris Engelman, Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum and Stanley Bero were among the first to appeal for aid. It was through the efforts of the Central Relief Committee that the Jewish Proclamation Day was named by President Wilson on January 27, 1918. It was due to the efforts of the Central Relief Committee that later the "Week of Mercy" was inaugurated throughout the length and breadth of this country. Through these two undertakings, thoroughly organized, hundreds of thousands of dollars were raised, not alone by the Central Relief Committee, but by the two other existing committees. The Central Relief Com- [226] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA mittee has at the present time over two thousand branches through- out the different cities of the United States, and is in touch with several thousand smaller towns. Over $3,000,000 has been raised by the Central Relief Com- mittee. OFFICERS First Vice-Chairman, Rabbi Israel Rosenberg. Second Vice-Chairman, Rabbi Meyer Berlin. Third Vice-Chairman, Peter Wiernik. Fourth Vice-Chairman, Julius R. Dukas. Executive Secretary, Albert Lucas. Financial Secretary, Morris Engelman. Corresponding Secretary, Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum. Manager, Stanley Bero. Chairm,an, Leon Kamaiky. Treasurer, Harry Fischel. COMMITTEE Dr. Paul J. Bauerberg Mr. Herman Bernstein Mr. S. S. Bloom m. h. borenstein Mr. Guedalia Bublik Dr. Hyman Cohen Rev. Dr. Bernard Drachman Rabbi E. Epstein Mr. William Fischman Mr. Jacob Ginsburg Rabbi S. H. Glick Rabbi Herbert S. Goldstein Rabbi Benjamin B. Guth Mr. Philip Hersh Bernard Horwich Rev. Dr. Moses Hyamson Rev. Philip Jaches Rabbi Solomon E. Jaffe Mr. Louis L Kapit Mr. David Kass Mr. Wolf Klebansky Rabbi Dr. Philip Klein Rabbi Joseph Konvitz Mr. William B. Leaf Hon. Aaron J. Levy Rabbi B. L. Leventhal Mr. E. W. Lewin-Epstein ISADORE LlEDERMAN Mr. a. Lubarsky Rabbi M. Lipman Rabbi M. S. Margolis Rev. H. Masliansky Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes Mr. Moritz Neuman [227] THE VOLUNTARY AID Mr. Samuel Mason Rev. H. S. Morais Hon. N. Taylor Phillips Rabbi E. M. Preil Rabbi Dr. B. Revel Hon. Otto A. Rosalsky Mr. Nathan Roggen Mr. J. Rokeach Mr. G. S. Roth Mr. William B. Roth Mr. OF AMERICA ■stmtmamnmtmtmtmitxnwm Hon. Leon Sanders Mk. Ezekiel Sarasor- Mr. L. Schwartz Rabbi I. Siegel Rabbi Saul Silber Hon. Isaac Siegel Rabbi A. Silver Hon. Jacob S. Strahl Mr. Elias Surut Mr. Samuel Travis Henry D. Weil [228] NATIONAL AMERICANIZATION COMMITTEE HE National Americanization Committee is an organization of fifty-nine citizens from all the various parts of the country, representing many different interests in American life. WHY THE COMMITTEE WAS FORMED ORIGIN. — The Committee was formed in May, 1915, to pro- mote a nationwide movement to bring American citizens, foreign born and native alike, together on our national Independence Day to celebrate the common privileges and define the common loyalties of all Americans, wherever born. As a result of the Americaniza- tion movement thus begun, 106 cities held citizenship receptions in connection with their Fourth of July celebrations. PERMANENT ORGANIZATION.— The result was an in- creased interest in citizenship and a clearer understanding of the national importance of the assimilation of our immigrant popula- tion in many communities in all parts of the country. The Com- mittee received many requests for information and assistance in the work of Americanization from different sources and sections. It found that although many governmental departments, organiza- tions and industries have for years been carrying on the work of Americanization in their different lines, no government department or private body has carried on this work, in all its aspects, as a national task. The Committee hopes to correlate the efforts of the agencies in the country concerned with Americanization, for Na- tional Citizenship Service. [229] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i »H»»»»n>n»H»»n» : n»Hn»H»»»««:»»»»»n»»»t»»i»u» i »»HHn»»»»tm»»n»» i m OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman, Frank Trumbull. First Vice -Chairman, Percy R. Pyne, 2D. Second Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Edward T. Stotesbury. Third Vice-Chairman, William Sproule. Wm. Fellowes Morgan. Treasurer, General Leonard Wood Mrs. Vincent Astor Frances A. Kellor Peter Roberts Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Felix M. Warburg Mary Antin Robert Bacon Edward Osgood Brown Nicholas Murray Butler P P. Claxton Richard T. Crane Henry P. Davison Coleman Du Pont Thomas A. Edison Howard Elliott John H. Fahey Maurice Fels John H. Finley David R. Francis Elbert H. Gary James, Cardinal Gibbons Clarence N- Goodwin B. F. Harris Myron T. Herrick John Grier Hibben Henry L. Higginson Frederic C. Howe Charles H. Ingersoll Dr. Abraham Jacobi Chancellor L. Jenks Judge Manuel Levine Clarence H. Mackay C. H. Markham Alfred E. Marling Charles E. Mason Wyndham Meredith George von L. Meyer John Mitchell A. J. Montague J. H. Moore, U. S. N., Ret. Joseph C. Pelletier Samuel Rea Julius Rosenwald M. J. Sanders Jacob H. Schiff Bishop Thomas Shahan Melville E. Stone Mrs. William C. Story William H. Truesdale Rodman Wanamaker S. Da vies Warfield Charles B. Warren Benjamin Ide Wheeler [230] Major Louis Livingston Seaman BRITISH WAR RELIEF ASSOCIATION, Inc. |S a house is strong largely by reason of its solid founda- tion, so the British War Relief Association, Incorporated, is strong and effective by reason of the character of its president. Major Louis Livingston Seaman, whose vital sympathy for the war s-ufferers in invaded Belgium and France has charged and spurred its members to the accomplishment of great works, unsurpassed by any of the splendid organizations which have sprung up to meet the unparalleled demands of the greatest war in the history of the world. Prolific writer, world traveller, physician, president Emeritus of the China Society in America, and president of the Surgeons' Travel Club, member of the University and Authors' Clubs of New York, and of numerous Royal Societies abroad, Major Seaman took passage for Belgium immediately upon the declaration of war by England, realizing that the great conflict which, for years had been preparing, was about to begin. He was the first American in the trenches. Associated with Mr. Richard Norton, Major Seaman was one of the group which founded (beginning with six cars con- tributed by a group of London philanthropists) the Anglo-American Ambulance, afterward known as the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, which eventually increased its stock to two hundred cars, and later was absorbed by the Red Cross. It was during this period among the wounded in the trenches that Major Seaman, at that time vice-president of the Peace and Arbitration League of the United States, cabled his historic appeal to the President, at Washington, begging him in the name of [231] BRITISH WAR RELIEF ASSOCIATION, INC. ♦♦♦♦♦♦••♦.♦•♦♦ ♦*♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦•♦••♦♦»•••••*♦»♦♦•♦♦•••♦♦♦••♦♦♦**♦♦•*•*♦♦♦• *******♦•********•***•*•*•*" Humanity and Justice, to protest against the awful deeds he was witnessing. Major Seaman had participated in eight wars, includ- ing the Spanish-American, Philippine, Boxer and Russo-Japanese conflicts, the Zulu War, and that in the Balkans in 1913. What he looked upon in Belgium, in 1914, he cabled, was not War, but Murder. Failing to secure the official protest he had hoped for, and broken in health after the Battle of the Marne, Major Seaman returned to the United States for recuperation, and, while in Florida, was invited to become the president of the then very young British War Relief Association. The work was founded early in the autumn of 1914 by a group of British residents in America, which included Mrs. Percy William Darbyshire, Mrs. Forbes Robertson Hale, Mrs. Oliver Herford and others, its president during the formative weeks being Mrs. Hale. From the date of Major Seaman's acceptance of the presidency, which carried with it the assurance of invaluable personal activity and knowledge of the work to accomplish which the organization had been formed, the British War Relief Association, Inc., has continued to grow, to give and to work indefatigably towards supplying necessities to the hospital groups on the various war fronts, acting, sometimes, independently in the distribution of its gifts, but, more often, in conjunction with Relief Organizations abroad from which appeals had come for aid. Formed primarily for the assistance of the British sufferers, the organization has extended its gifts to the needy of Britain's Allies wherever the call has been made upon them. No more active centre of War Relief has existed in America than that of the Asso- ciation at 542 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Here, in the great airy loft loaned for the duration of the war by a generous sjmi- pathizer of the Association, Mr. Joseph T. Tower (a gift equivalent to an annual donation of $8,000), there has been an average daily attendance of sixty members who have met to work at bandage- making, knitting, sewing, sorting, packing and marking of the great cases, of which in the neighborhood of two hundred each month have been sent abroad. The average daily output of these volunteer workers has been fifteen hundred surgical dressings (con- [232] BRITISH WAR RELIEF ASSOCIATION, INC. ::: suming about four hundred yards of gauze) , in addition to numbers of hospital garments, pnetunonia jackets, pajamas, and articles made to meet special requirements, according to requests received. The Association has sent over seas upward of eight thousand cases of these and similar supplies, and, in addition, has provided useful clothing, including socks and sweaters, etc., to British sailors sojourning in New York. A system of annual dues, fixed at a low figure, so that all might feel themselves to be a structural part of the organization, has largely supported the running expenses of the organization, to which, however, many generous gifts of money have been made. Mrs. Isaac L. Rice has contributed, for the purchase of anaes- thetics, $6,000 annually, in monthly payments of $500 each. Another gentle donor contributed her check for $15,000, on con- dition that the Association would devote it to a distinctly militant purpose. There was a little doubt in the president's mind, at first, as to how far an Association formed for aid to the wounded and for hospital needs generally, would act upon this generous offer ; but, being a physician, he was able to argue that the treatment of the sick might be undertaken in two ways, first, the preventive, and second, the curative. It was decided that a "tank" which would prove effective as a preventive in driving off those who might wound or kill the men of the Allies, was distinctly a form of War Relief, and, after consultation with the British Government, the gift was gratefully accepted. The brilliant records of this "tank" which made its maiden voyage of "War Relief" on July 4, 1918, have been sent to the Association, and are among its most prized possessions. Twice during his presidency. Major Seaman has toured the camps and hospitals of France, England and Belgium to report upon conditions and needs there, visiting Verdun and Rheims among other points of unusual interest to war workers. Thanks to this personal oversight and direction, the Association has been enabled to send wisely the right thing to the right place. In one instance this has taken the form of a shipment of rubber gloves [233 A] BRITISH WAR RELIEF ASSOCIATION, INC. •♦♦♦••♦♦•♦•♦ •♦•••♦•♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦••♦♦♦■•♦^•■♦♦♦^-•♦•^♦♦♦W*-******^*-** ♦*♦♦♦•♦•■•••••••»♦••-*■♦♦»•♦•-••••♦♦ ♦♦♦•♦♦•♦••♦♦♦•••♦••♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦• to the corps of brilliant surgeons performing their miracles of recon- struction of human bodies under the leadership of Dr. Alexis Carrel, at Compiegne. Among the organizations abroad which have been the recipients of benefactions from the British War Relief Association, Inc., are the British, French and Belgian Red Cross; le Service de Santae, at Rouen, France; the Italian, British, French and American hos- pitals; the American Ambulance at Neuilly; the American Fund for French Wounded; the American Women's War Relief, in London; the British Distributing Headquarters, at Chelsea. A shipment of more than two thousand cases of surgical dressings was sent also to Queen Mary, for the wounded soldiers of England. The British War Relief Association was the first to send aid in money form to Halifax, telegraphing $5,000 to the Mayor of that city immediately after the terrible wreckage in its harbor. The same evening 25 cases of dressings and of clothing were despatched by the Association by the first Red Cross train, to hurry to the stricken city. The officers of the Association are elected annually. Those now serving (in 1919) are: Major LoTois Livingston Seaman President Dr. Ernest Valentine Hubbard First Vice-President Mrs. Oliver Herf ord Second Vice-President Mr. Henry Clews Treasurer Mr. Walter Brownell Tufts Assistant Treasurer Robert Winthrop Bunton Secretary The Directors include: Mrs. Spencer Aldrich, Mr. Newcomb Carlton, Mrs. Percy William Darbyshire, Miss Genevieve Davis, Mr. Eugene Frayer, Miss May Taylor Moulton, Mrs. Walter Mulliner, Mrs. Gustaf Stromberg, and Mrs. Warner M. Van Nordon. The Honorary Directors are: Lady Hardman Lever; Mrs. Lionel R. Kenyon, and Mrs. William G. Lyddon. Among the patrons of the Association are : Lady Reading ; Lady Borden; Lady Bullock; Lady Eliott; Lady Spring-Rice; Mrs. George W. Bacon; Mrs. C. Clive Bayley; Mrs. Frances Hodgson [234 A] BRITISH WAR RELIEF ASSOCIATION, INC **♦«•*♦♦**»***••••*•«•«••*«♦••*••*••**•••**••**♦*♦**«»♦•' Burnett; Mrs. Edward Livingston Coster; Mrs. James S. Cush- man; Mrs. Edwin Gould; Mrs. E. H. Harriman; Mrs. John H. Jowett; Mrs. Maturin Livingston; Mrs. William Alfred Perry; Hon. Mrs. A. Ponsonby; Mrs. Isaac L. Rice; Mrs. C. Chauncey Stillman; Mrs. Gustaf Stromberg; Sir William MacKenzie; Rev. John H. Jowett, D.D.; Rev. William T. Manning, D.D.; George Haven Putnam; Hon. Gififord Pinchot; Joseph T. Tower, Esq. [235 A] AMERICAN FUND FOR BELGIAN MAIMED "LE SOU DU MUTILE." Under the distinguished patronage of Their Majesties King Albert and Queen Elizabeth of Belgium. M. Henri Carton de Wiart, Ministre de la Justice. M. Prosper Poullet, Ministre des Science et des Arts. M. Emile Vandervelde, Ministre de I'lntendance. E Son Du Mutile was created at the Hague by a group of prominent Belgian business men, and is recognized by the Belgian Government as of public utility. The principal aim of the Committee is to supply maimed soldiers with the necessary fimds, so that they may start, in reconquered Belgium, under the supervision of the Gov- ernment, small commercial enterprises which will enable them to earn more easily their living and become again self-supporting. Moreover, in all large Belgian cities will be built institutions in which these men will find all the necessary comfort while paying as low rents as possible. AMERICAN COMMITTEE M. Pierre Mali, M. Paul Hagemans, Belgian Consul General, New York. Belgian Consul General, Phila- delphia. Rev. J. T. Stillemans, President Belgian Relief Fund, N. Y. M. Albert Moulaert, ,, _ „ Belgian Consul General, Chicago. M. F. Drion, ^ ' *' Belgian Consul General in San M. L. de Waele, Francisco. Belgian Consul, New Orleans. [233] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Dr. Vermeeren, Belgian Consul, Chicago. Hon. Member, M. de Cartier de Marchienne, Belgian Minister to the United States. The Hon. Theodore Roosevelt Mr. Jules S. Bache The Hon. Wm. B. Clark R. Fulton Cutting The Hon. Robert W. de Forest Mr. Archibald Freer, Chicago Mr. L. Hagenaers Mr. Alexander J. Hemphill Mr. Otto H. Kahn Countess de Laugier Villars Miss S. Van Loo Mr. Henry J. Patten, Chicago Mrs. Jehin de Prume Mrs. Herbert Satterlee Mrs. M. La Montagne Mrs. Mortimer L. Schiff Miss Florence S. Sullivan Mr. Alfred T. White [234] THE TREASURE AND TRINKET FUND FOR OUR AVIATORS. Conducted under the auspices of the Aviation Committee of the NATIONAL SPECIAL AID SOCIETY, Inc. !HE Treasure and Trinket Fund has been established to meet the needs of the Air Service, the welfare of dependents in the case of disaster, and the long list of the flyer's w'^ants in so far as it is able. Necessary equipment and comforts not as yet furnished by the Government are provided. Honorary Chairman, Mrs. H. p. Davison Mrs. William Allen Bartlett. Treasurer, Major Charles Elliott Warren. HONORARY MEMBERS Mrs. Newton D. Baker -Miss Margaret Wilson Mrs. Josephus Daniels Miss Ruth Law Mrs. Coe Downing Tows Mrs. Kenneth Whiting Mrs. Robert Peary Mrs. William G. McAdoo PRIORITY BOARD OF AVIATION COMMITTEE Mrs. William Alexander Mrs. John H. Booth Mrs. C. L. Baldwin Mrs. John H. Charmichael Mrs. Carrol Bassett Mrs. Charles A. Childs Mrs. James M. Beck Mrs. Henry C. Coe Mrs. Charles H. Ditson [235] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Mrs. Frank Hagemeyer Miss Isabelle H. Hardie Mrs. Carl Hartmann Mrs. Albert Haustetter Miss Gertrude B. Lane Miss Anna Mathewson Mrs. Robert Olyphant Mrs. Henry Pearce Mrs. Ross Proctor Mrs. Edward Robinson Mrs. Mrs. Marie Peary Stafford Mrs. Charles Stewart Smith Mrs. Percy Stewart Duchess de Tallyrand Mrs. Charles H. Thieriot Mrs. Jules Turcas Mrs. Patrick A. Valentine Mrs. Henry W. Warner Mrs. Eliot Butler Whiting Miss Fredrica F. Winfield Carroll Winslow NATIONAL COMMITTEE Mrs. Charles B. Alexander Mrs. Henry M. Alexander Mrs. John E. Alexandre Mrs. Robert L. Bacon Mrs. J. Stewart Barney Mrs. R. Livingston Beeckman Mr. Samuel R. Bestron Mrs. William H. Bliss Mrs. L T. Burden, Jr. Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler Mrs. Frederic F. Carey Mrs. Charles W. Cooper Mrs. Frederic R. Coudert Mrs. William H. Crocker Mrs. George B. de Forest Mrs. Charles D. Dickey ■Mrs. H. p. Davison Mrs. John Beverly Duer Mrs. Hamilton Fish Miss Virginia Gildersleeve Mrs. Lawrence Gillespie Mrs. Edwin Gould Mrs. Charles E. Greenough Mrs. Frank Mrs. Peter Cooper Hewitt Mrs. William Warner Hoppin Miss Louise Iselin Mrs. Bradish G. Johnson Mrs. Oliver Gould Jennings Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. John A. Logan, Jr. Mrs. John G. Milburn Mrs. Herman Oelrichs Mrs. Robert Olyphant Mrs. Henry Pearce Mrs. James Brown Potter Mrs. John Dyneley Prince Mrs. Pulitzer Mrs. William Rockefeller Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt Mrs. Herbert Satterlee Mrs. Charles H. Senff Mrs. W. B. Thompson Mrs. French Vanderbilt Mrs. Charles S. Whitman Miss Mary L. Willard Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Spencer Witherbee [236] THE FATHERLESS CHILDREN OF FRANCE (Branch of The American Society for the Relief of French War Orphans, Inc.) (HE Fatherless Children of France was organized in October, 1915, and already more than one hundred and thirty Committees in all parts of the country are working for the support of those destitute children. In January, 1917, it affiliated with the American Society for the Relief of French War Orphans, which is paying the expenses of the National Headquarter Office. The Fatherless Children of France retains, however, its autonomy, and control of its fund, and is governed by a National Executive Committee, com- posed of eleven members. It is the policy of the Society to maintain the children in their own homes, to be brought up by their mothers in the religion of their fathers, and to establish such a personal relationship between the "Donor" and the child that the "Donor" will not only be assured that his money reaches its proper destination, but also may corre- spond with the child or its mother. NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Seymour L. Cromwell, Chairman George Blumenthal, New York City Regis H. Post, New York City Charles MacVeagh, New York City James R. Garfield, Cleveland, Ohio Edward Sheaeson, New York City Allan Forbes, Boston, Mass. Walter W. Price, New York City L. N. Brunswig, Los Angeles, Cal. Mrs. Walter S. Brewster, Chicago, 111. Miss Luisita A. Leland, Secretary [237] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA mHtm»H»»i»»:i i »»;»»HiM»i»»nn»: «;i «»»»»»»HH»»»»n»i » m»»»»nni»i»»»twim) SPEAKERS AND DELEGATES FROM FRANCE Mrs. Edward Payson Fowler, Miss Florence Schofield Executive Secretary Miss Ellinor Fell J. P. Morgan & Co., Depositories HONORARY AND ACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE PARIS COMMITTEE M. Raymond Poincare, President de la Republique Francaise. M. Painleve, Ministre de la Guerre. Mme. la duchesse d'Uzes, douairiere. M. ViviANi, Ex-Prime Minister. Mme. LA Marquise de Ganay. M. LiARD, Membra de I'lnstitut, Recteur de I'Universite de Paris. M. Appell, Membre de I'lnstitut, Doyen de la Faculte des Sciences, and Head of the Secours Nationale. Rev. Dr. Watson, Rector of American Church, Paris. M. Alfred Croiset, Membre de I'lnstitut, Doyen de la Facultes des Lettres. M. Deutsch (de la Meurthe), Treasurer and Representative of Jewish Interests. M. Louis DuBREUiLLE, Secretary of the Socialist Party. Le Chanoine Dupin, Representative of the Archevecque. Le General de Lacroix, Representative of Protestant Interests. M. Lavignon, Secretaire, Generale du Comite d'attribution de Paris. M. Georges Pages, Inspecteur Generale du Comite de I'lnstruction publique, ad- ministrateur de la Fraternite Americaine. M. Henri Delacroix, Administrateur-ad joint, (in the absence of M. Pages) Maitre de Conference a la Sorbonne. Mr. Charles Caroll of Carollton. AMONG THE TREASURERS OF THE COMMITTEES ARE ABINGDON, VA.— Mrs. J. W. Bell. AKRON, OHIO— Miss Helen Andrews. ANN ARBOR, MICH.— Mrs. L. P. Hall. ATCHISON, KANS.— Mr. W. T. Fox. ATLANTA, GA.— Mr. H. L. deGive, Grand Opera House Bldg. BALTIMORE, MD.— Mr. Walter Brooks, Jr., Water & Com- merce Streets. BATTLE CREEK, MICH.— Mr. E. L. Branson, 81 Garrison Avenue. BIRMINGHAM, ALA.— Col. T. O. Smith, President, Birming- dent, Bridgeport National Bank. [238] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ; :i »t»»n»H»»mt; ; »»» t» « : »»t ;; »;t «tmm mum»n iiiii »»i»m»»»»m » »» : »»»ii iiii »» » BOSTON, MASS.— Mr. Allan Forbes, President State Street Trust Co. BOULDER, COLO.— Mrs. Ross Whitmore. BRIDGEPORT, CONN.— Mr. Charles Glover Sanford, Presi- dent Bridgeport National Bank. BUFFALO, N. Y.— Mr. Harry Yates, 714 Marine Bank Bldg. CHARLESTON, S. C— Mr. Edwin Parsons. CHATTANOOGA, TENN.— Capt. Charles Lyerly, President, First National Bank. CHICAGO, ILL.— Mr. Walter S. Brewster, Russell, Brewster & Co., 116 W. Adams Street. CINCINNATI, OHIO— Mr. Roger K. Rogan, First National Bank. CLEVELAND, OHIO— Mr. F. E. Abbott, 5606 Euclid Avenue. COLUMBUS, OHIO— Mr. Foster Copeland, President, City National Bank. CRAWFORDSVILLE, IND.— Miss Elizabeth Cowan. DAYTON, OHIO— Mr. Walter Phelps, Dayton Fan & Motor Works. DAYTONA, FLA.— Mr. Frederick J. Niver, Merchants National Bank. DENVER, COLO.— Mr. Jean Mignolet, Hamilton National Bank. DETROIT, MICH.— Maj. Charles B. Warren, 900 Union Trust Building. DULUTH, MINN.— Miss Dorothy House. EL DORADO, KANS.— Mrs. C. B. Hammond. ELMIRA, N. Y.— Rev. Arthur Cornwell. EL PASO, TEXAS— Mr. Webb C. Haden, First National Bank. ELYRIA, OHIO— Mr. Starr Faxon. EVANSTON, ILL.— Mr. David R. Forgan, President, City National Bank of Chicago. EVANSVILLE, IND.— Mr. Louis C. Shipherd, Citizens Bank Building. FARIBAULT, MINN.— Miss Helen Hall. FRESNO, CAL.— Miss Claudine Detoy. [239] THE V OLUNT ARY AID OF AMERICA GALVESTON, TEXAS— Mr. Louis A. Adoue. GLENCOE, ILL.— Rev. Arlington McCallum. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.— Mrs. Clyde H. Hollister. GREENWICH, CONN.— Mr. Walter B. Todd, President Greenwich Trust Co. HARTFORD, CONN.— Mrs. Eugene S. Ballard. HONOLULU, HAWAII— Mrs. A. G. Hodgins. HOUSTON, TEXAS— Mr. J. M. Dorrance. INDEPENDENCE, KANS.— Mr. George T. Guernsey, Jr., Vice-President, Commercial National Bank. INDIANAPOLIS, IND.— Frederick Wallick, 209 Hume- Mansur Building. JACKSON, MICH.— Mr. John Bennett, 734 West Main Street. JACKSONVILLE, FLA.— Mr. P. A. VansAgnew, Heard National Bank Building. JEFFERSON, OHIO— Mrs. H. E. Starkey. JONESVILLE, MICH.— Mrs. Harriet G. White. KALAMAZOO, MICH.— Mr. H. E. Johnson, President, Kalamazoo City National Bank. KANSAS CITY, MO.-^Mr. Randolph P. Rogers, Vice-Presi- dent Liberty Trust Co. KIRKWOOD, MO.— Miss Constance Edwards. LANSING, MICH.— Mr. J. H. Burton, 218 S. Washington Avenue. LAWRENCE, KANS.— Mrs. R. C. Morrow. LEXINGTON, KY.— Mr. W. E. Warren, Fayette National Bank. LINCOLN, NEB.— Prof. Max Westermann, University of Nebraska. LONG BEACH, CAL.— Mrs. Jotham Bixby, Jr. LOS ANGELES, CAL.— Mr. Georges Fusenot, 501 North Main Street. LOUISVILLE, KY.— Mr. J. Stoddard Johnston, Jr., 417 W. Main Street. MEDFORD, ORE.— Mrs. Frank Preston. MEMPHIS, TENN. — Mr. Lawrence K. Thompson, Bank of Commerce. [240] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA j nn»»»;»»iii iiii;ii ; ! tn» i n ; n ii; ;; ; i;mt»»» ; t»» . '» i i ti i i; n;;ammm4w:««; : ;» : »» ; :» t«m»! MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.— Miss Anne J. Wells. MOBILE, ALA.— Mr. Ernest F. Ladd, President, Merchants Bank. MONTECITO, GAL.— Mr. Leslie E. Conklin, 404 State Street. MUSKOGEE, OKLA.— Mr. D. N. Fink, President, Gommercial National Bank. NASHVILLE, TENN.— Mr. Sam H. Orr, Nashville Trust Go. NEW HAVEN, GONN.— Mr. Henry H. Towshend, 185 Ghurch Street. NEW ORLEANS, LA.— Mr. Bussiere Rouen, 1009 Hibernia Bank Building. NEW YORK, N. Y.— Mr. Walter W. Price, 111 Broadway. NEW YORK, (JUNIOR GOM.)— Mr. Sylvain Bruno, 229 Fourth Avenue. NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y.— Mr. Richard Franchot, Gluck Building. OBERLIN, OHIO— Mrs. G. B. Martin. OKLAHOMA GITY, OKLA.— Mr. Frank P. Johnson, Presi- dent, American National Bank. OKMULGEE, OKLA.— Mrs. J. T. Hall. PASADENA, GAL.— Miss Marjorie Fleming. PEORIA, ILL.— Mr. James G. McGrea, 236 S. Jefferson Street. PHILADELPHIA, PA.— Brown Brothers. PITTSBURG, PA.— Mr. Alfred G. Kay, South Side Trust Go. PORTLAND, OREGON— Mr. A. L. Mills, President, First National Bank. PRESQUE ISLE, ME.— Miss AHce Kimball. PROVIDENGE, R. I.— Mr. H. Anthony Dyer, 170 Blackstone Boulevard. REDLANDS, GAL.— Mrs. D. G. Leifferts. RICHMOND, IND.— Mrs. William Dudley Foulke. RICHMOND, VA.— General deSoto Fitz-Gerald, War Relief Association of Virginia. ROCKFORD, ILL.— Mr. George O. Forbes, Malleable Iron Works. ROCHESTER, N. Y.— Mr. Levi Ward, Wilder Building. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH— Mr. T. W. Boyer. [241] THE VO L UN TARY AME RIC A SACRAMENTO, CAL.— Miss Minnie C. Clark. ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.— Mr. J. B. Lamar, Vice-President, First National Bank. ST. JOSEPH, MO.— Mr. R. T. Forbes, President, First National Bank. ST. LOUIS, MO.— Mrs. Jesse McDonald. ST. PAUL, MINN.— Miss Alice Forepaugh. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS— Judge Thomas H. Franklin, 215 W. Commerce Street. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.— Mr. William H. Crocker, Crocker National Bank. SAN RAFAEL, CAL.— Mrs. Charles F. Mills. SANTA BARBARA, CAL.— Miss Ella B. Haese. SAVANNAH, GA.— Mr. G. A. Gordon. SEATTLE, WASH.— Mr. H. C. Henry, MetropoHtan Bank. SAPULPA, OKLA.— Mr. Fred. Kaufifman. SIOUX CITY, IOWA— Miss Alice Richardson. SPOKANE, WASH.— Mr. Seth Richards, Spokane & Eastern Trust Co. SPRINGFIELD, ILL.— Mr. William Henry Bunn. SPRINGFIELD, MASS.— Mrs. Alfred Birnie. SPRINGFIELD, MO.— Mr. H. B. McDaniel, Union National Bank. STOCKTON, CAL.— Mrs. Minot Tirrell. SYRACUSE, N. Y.— Mr. G. C. Leidy, 615 James Street. TACOMA, WASH.— Mr. Ralph S. Stacey, President, National Bank of Tacoma. TAMPA, FLA. — Mr. J. A. Griffin, Exchange National Bank. TERRE HAUTE, IND.— Mr. Paul N. Bogart, Indiana Coke & Gas Co. TOLEDO, OHIO — Mr. Robert Hixon, Second National Bank Building. TONOPAH, NEV.— Mrs. Hugh Brown. TOPEKA, KANS.— Mrs. Bennett R. Wheeler. TULSA, OKLA. — Mr. Elton Everett, Planters National Bank. VERSAILLES, KY.— Mr. Louis Marshall, Woodford Bank & Trust Co. [242] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA VICKSBURG, MISS.— Mr. S. E. Treanor, First National Bank. WASHINGTON, D. C.— Miss Harriet P. Winslow. WEBSTER GROVES, MO.— Mrs. Charles L. Martin. WELLESLEY, MASS.— Miss Florence S. Tucker. WHITTIER, CAL.— Mr. F. W. Hadley, First National Bank. WICHITA, KANS.— Miss Constance Jane Smyth. WINONA, MINN.— Mrs. George Landon. WORCESTER, MASS.— Mr. F. A. Drury, President, Merchants National Bank. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO— Miss Laura Wick. AMONG THE CHAIRMEN, OFFICERS, AND MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ARE ABINGDON, VA.— Mrs. Alexander Stuart, Chairman. AKRON, OHIO — Miss Helen Andrews, Chairman. ANN ARBOR, MICH.— Mrs. L. P. Hall, Chairman. ATCHISON, KANS.— Mrs. Wheeler Barlow, Chairman. BALTIMORE, MD.— Mrs. Walter Brooks, Jr., Chairman; Mrs. Charles Bonaparte, Mrs. Harrison Garrett. BATTLE CREEK, MICH.— Mrs. Hugh Conklin, Chairman. BIRMINGHAM, ALA.— Col. T. O. Smith, Chairman; Mrs. Henry Debardeleben. BOSTON, MASS.— Miss Elisabeth Crafts, Chairman; Presi- dent Emeritus, C. W. Eliot, Monsieur J. C. J. Flamand, Mr. Morris Gray, Major H. L. Higginson, President MacLaurin, Professor Barrett Wendell, Mrs. G. Richmond Fearing, Jr., Rev. Paul R. Frothingham, Mrs. Edward J. Holmes, Mr. Richard Lawrence, Mr. J. D. Henley Luce, Mr. Paul D. Rust, Mr. Ward Thoron, Mr. Charles C. Walker, Mrs. Jaspar Whiting, Mrs. John S. Ames, Mr. Harold J. Coolidge, Mr. William Endicott, Mrs. Walter M. Evatt, Miss Rose Lamb, Mrs. Robert W. Lovett, Mr. Guy Lowell, Mrs. James A. Parker, Mrs. John L. Saltonstall, Mrs. Richard D. Sears, Mrs. Ellery Sedgwick, Mr. John R. Simpson, Mrs. Edwin S. Webster, Mr. PhiHp Wrenn. BOULDER, COLO.— Mrs. James Willard, Chairman; Mrs. Ross Whitmore. BRIDGEPORT, CONN.— Mrs. Waldo C. Bryant, Chairman; Mrs. W. H. Ham, Secretary; Mrs. Samuel M. Hawley. [243] BUFFALO, N. Y.— Mr. Charles Clifton, Chairman; M. Charles P. Franchot. CHARLESTON, S. C— Mr. Edwin Parsons, Chairman; Mrs. Edwin Parsons. CHATTANOOGA, TENN.— Capt. Charles Lyerly, Chairman. CHICAGO, ILL.— Mrs. Walter S. Brewster, Chairman; Mrs. Arthur Ryerson, Vice-Chairman; M. Barthelemy, Mr. A. A. Carpenter, Mr. C. L. Hutchinson, Mr. George Porter, Mr. Clive Runnells, Mr. Martin Ryerson, Mrs. James R. Angell, Mrs. Francis Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, Mrs. A. A. Carpenter, Mrs. Edward H. Brewer, Mrs. George A. Clarke, Miss Cornelia Conger, Mrs. William Ennis, Miss Shirley Farr, Mrs. Richard Folsom, Mrs. W. T. Goodspeed, Mrs. Frederick Greeley, Mrs. E. A. Lancaster, Mrs. John S. Runnells, Miss Alice Roullier, Mrs. O. B. Tennis, Miss Grace Tuttle, Mrs. Russell Tyson, Mrs. William Waller, Jr., Miss Irene Wilson, Miss Elizabeth Wallace, Mrs. Sidney Worthy. CINCINNATI, OHIO— Miss Fanny Ramsey, Chairman; Mr. C. W. Moss, Secretary; Mr. Joseph G. Graydon, Mr. Stuart B. Sutphin, Mrs. L. A. Ault, Miss Catherine Anderson, Mrs. R. B. Bowler, Mrs. Arthur Espy, Mrs. Martin Fischer, Mrs. Albert H. Freiberg, Miss Mary Hanna, Miss Ruth Harrison, Mrs. Bayard Kilgour, Mrs. Harry M. Levy, Mrs. C. J. Livingood, Mrs. Joseph Neave, Mrs. Harold Nichols, Mrs. Frank Perin, Mrs. William Cooper Proctor, Mrs. Max Senior, Mrs. A. C. Shinkle, Mrs. Robert Taft, Mrs. Samuel Taft, Mrs. B. A. Wallingford, Mrs. Geo. H. Warrington, Mrs. Paul G. Wooley, Mr. Clifford R. Wright, Mrs. Lucien Wulsin, Jr. CLEVELAND, OHIO— Mrs. James R. Garfield, Chairman; Mr. Frank E. Abbott, Mrs. A. P. Aburn Abbott, Mme. Paul Archinard, Mrs. Arthur D. Baldwin, Mrs. Robert H. Bishop, Jr., Mrs. John H. Lowman, Mrs. Frank B. Meade, Mrs. Amasa S. Mather, Mrs. Kenneth Taylor, Mr. Lawrance K. Norton. COLUMBUS, OHIO— Mrs. Philip D. Wilson, Chairman ; Miss Marple, Mrs. Chauncey. CRAWFORDSVILLE, IND.— Mrs. C. W. Ross, Chairman; Miss Elizabeth Cowan, Secretary; Mrs. H. H. Ristine. DAYTON, OHIO— Mrs. Robert R. Dickey, Chair- [244] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA « : »» :; »i iii mtiiiiii i i!ii ii »» i » i iiiiiii i iiti»»iiiiiiiiiii i iiimiiiii i ii i iiiii i i»»m»»i»t» «mwma man; Mrs. Helen C. A. Ashdown; Mrs. Walter Phelps. DAYTONA, FLA.— Miss Margaret Rhodes, Chairman. DENVER, COLO.— Rev. David Lang, Chairman; Mrs. John R. Dixon, Vice-Chairman; Mrs. R. C. Campbell, 2nd Vice-Chairman; Mrs. R. L. Livermore, Secretary; Mrs. June B. Benedict, Mrs. T. C. McDonald. DETROIT, MICH.— Major Charles B. Warren, Chairman: Mrs. Walter S. Russell, Vice-Chairman ; B. de M. Gingras, Mr. and Mrs. Russell A. Alger, Mr. and Mrs. William T. Barbour, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Belanger, Mr. and Mrs. Walter Boynton, Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Casgrain, Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Copland, Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Diack, Mr. and Mrs. Bethune Duffield, Mr and Mrs. Strathearn Hendrie, Mr. and Mrs. R. Adington Newman, Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Palms, Mr. and Mrs. Francis Palms, Mr Walter S. Russell, Miss Margaret D. Smith, Mr. Angus Smith, Mr. and Mrs. E. D. Stair, Mr. and Mrs. James Turner, Mrs. Charles B. Warren, Mr. and Mrs. H. Kirke White, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. R. P. Williams. DULUTH, MINN.— Miss Dorothy House, Chairman. EL DORADO, KANS.— Miss Ellina Merdock, Chairman; Mrs. D. B. Golden, Secretary; Mrs. C. B. Hammond. ELMIRA, N. Y. — Rev. Arthur Cornwell, Chairman. EL PASO, TEXAS— Mr. W. C. Haden, Chairman; Mrs. J. G. McNary, Mrs. W. R. Brown, Mrs. W. C. Haden, Mrs. C. E. Kelly, Mrs. S. H. Sutherland, Mrs. J. L. Dyer, Mrs. W. W. Turney, Mrs. A. P. Coles, Mrs. Jim Magoffin. ELYRIA, OHIO— Mrs. W. M. Gates, Chairman. EVANSTON, ILL.— Mr. David R. Forgan, Chairman; Mr. James A. Patten, Miss Louise Wilder, Mrs. R. P. Lamont, Mrs. John B. Towne, Mrs. F. H. Armstrong, Mrs. O. B. Tennis, Miss Janet Steel. EVANSVILLE, IND.— Mrs. Alfred Greene, Chairman; Rev. Albert L. Murray, President ; Miss Clara Prishee, Secretary. FARIBAULT, IND.— Mrs. A. H. Bill, Chairman; Miss Ellen Foster, Secretary. FORT WAYNE, IND.— Mr. Miller, Chairman; Mr. E. G. Hoffman. FRESNO, CAL. — Miss Claudine Detoy, Chairman. [245] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA iii»uiniii»ii»»»in»mfflnmtnnmmmmm m «m»» ; » iii tin«>»»i»rnTMii>iii»»H»»» i !m GALVESTON, TEXAS— Mrs. S. J. Jackson, Chairman; Mrs. Alfred Holt, Mrs. Water Davis, Jr. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.— Mrs. Frank E. Leonard, Chairman. GREENWICH, CONN.— Mrs. Edward W. Packard, Chair- man; Mrs. Percy Rockefeller, Mrs. WiUiam Rockefeller. HARTFORD, CONN.— Mrs. Lucius S. Barbour, Chairman; Mrs. R. M. Bissell, Mrs. J. C. Calhoun, Mrs. Louis R. Cheney, Mrs. Francis Goodwin, Mrs. Benjamin Knowe, Mrs. Edison Lewis, Miss Edith A. Punnett, Mrs. Lucius F. Robinson, Mrs. Edward K. Root, Miss Annie E. Trumbull, Miss Elizabeth T. Stevens. HONOLULU, HAWAII— Mrs. Weaker F. Dillingham, Chair- man; Mrs. Alexander Lindsay, Jr., Secretary; Miss Elizabeth Anderson. HOUSTON, TEXAS— Mrs. R. W. Knox, Mrs. T. M. Taylor, Chairman; Mrs. Herbert Roberts. INDEPENDENCE, ICANS.— Mrs. Nelson K. Moody, Chair- man; Mrs. Mulford Martin, Jr., Secretary; Mrs. W. J. Lester, Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Thacher Guernsey, Miss Taggart. INDIANAPOLIS, IND.— Mr. Alex. R. Holliday, Chairman. JACKSON, MICH.— Mr. A. M. McGee, Chairman. JACKSONVILLE, FLA.— Mrs. Gertrude L'Engle, Chairman; Mrs. Waldo E. Cummer, Secretary. JEFFERSON, OHIO— Mrs. H. E. Starkey, Chairman. JONESVILLE, MICH.— Mrs. Harriet G. White, Chairman. KALAMAZOO, MICH.— Mr. H. E. Johnson, Mrs. F. R. Olmstead. KANSAS CITY, MO.— Mrs. Leroy J. Snyder, Chairman; Mrs. W. B. Nickels, Vice-Chairman; Mrs. H. L. Harmon, Mrs. H. M. Withers. KIRKWOOD, MO. — Miss Rowena Clark, Chairman. LANSING, MICH. — Mr. Clark R. Graves, Chairman. LAWRENCE, KANS.— Miss Edith Snow, Chairman ; Mrs. F. B. Dains, Secretary. LEXINGTON, KY. — Mr. J. E. Bassett, Mr. Louis Lee Haggin, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. Roger Williams, Chairman. LINCOLN, NEB. — Prof. J. E. LeRossignol, Chairman. LONG BEACH, CAL.— Mrs. T. Moog, Chairman. [246] THE VOLUNTA RY A ID OF AMERICA LOS ANGELES, CAL.— Mr. Walter Bordwell, Chairman; Mr. R. W. Burnham, Secretary; Mr. Geo. Fusenot, Mayor Frederick T. Woodman, Hon. Frank P. Flint, Mr. E. L. Doheny, Mr. H. E. Huntington, Dr. Milbank Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. L. N. Brunswig, Mrs. William C. de Mille, Mr. Vance Thompson, M'sgr.. Patrick Harnett, Rt. Rev. Joseph H. Johnson, Mr. W. A. Clark, Jr., Mr. Michael Connell, Rev. Whitcomb Brougher, Dr. H. Bert Ellis, Dr. James James, Dr. Rea Smith, Dr. William A. Edwards. LOUISVILLE, KY.— Mrs. George C. Avery, Chairman. MEDFORD, ORE.— Mrs. Stewart Patterson, Chairman; Miss Alice Halloway. MEMPHIS, TENN.— Mr. G. T. Fitzhugh, Chairman; Mrs. Lawrence K. Thompson, Judge Charles N. Burch. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.— Pres. Emeritus Cyrus Northrup, Mrs. C. A. Willard, Chairman; Mrs. A. M. Gould, Mrs. Lyndon King, Mrs. Alfred Pillsbury, Mrs. W. R. Vance, Mrs. George Vincent. MOBILE, ALA.— Mrs. Henry Hall, Chairman. MONTECITO, CAL.— Mrs. Francis S. Gould, Chairman; Mrs. E. Pryce Mitchell. MUSKOGEE, OKLA.— Mrs. Harlow Leekley, Miss Harriet Curtis, Chairman; Mrs. Tams Bixby. NASHVILLE, TENN.— Mrs. Dempsey Weaver, Chairman; Mrs. Leslie Warner. NEW HAVEN, CONN.— Miss Katrine Woolsey Carmalt, Chairman; Mrs. Eli Whitney, Mrs. Godfrey Dunscomb, Mr. John I. H. Downes, Miss Alice J. Walker, Miss Elizabeth W. Farnum, Prof. Robt. Louis Sanderson. NEW ORLEANS, LA.— Miss NelHe R. Farwell, Chairman; Miss Anna R. King, Secretary; Mrs. J. M. Burguieres, Mrs. Hugues J. de la Vergne, Mrs. Bessie Behan Lewis, Mrs. Alfred LeBlanc, Mrs. William J. O'Donnell, Mrs. Albert Toledano, Mrs. Franklin Pugh. NEW YORK CITY — Miss Luisita A. Leland, Chairman; Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, Vice-Chairman ; Mrs. Douglas Robinson, Sec- retary; Mrs. Chas. B. Alexander, Mrs. Francis McNeil Bacon, Jr., Mrs. August Belmont, Mrs. George Blumenthal, Mrs. Nicholas [247] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA a««: :waiiiii i i ii iiiitii» i i i »iiii iii n»iiiiii iii ti i iiii ii ii iiii iii i iiit»»»»i»nnn iiii iiiiim!itii» i »»» Murray Butler, Miss Chauncey, Mrs. Wm. Bayard Cutting, Mrs. Beverley Duer, Mrs. T. Grenville Emmet, Mrs. Gustav Edward Kissel, Mrs. Maurice Kosminsky, Mrs. Frederick W. Longfellow, Mrs. Clark Mellen, Mrs. Hugh Minturn, Mrs. William Fellowes Morgan, Miss Grace Howard Potter, Mrs. J. West Roosevelt, Mrs. William Emlen Roosevelt, Mrs. Oren Root, Mrs. T. J. Oakley Rhinelander, Mrs. Willard D. Straight, Mr. Robert Bacon, Mr. Eugene Delano, Mr. William Adams Delano, Mr. Charles Allen Munn, Mr. Douglas Robinson, Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Mr. Willard D. Straight, Mr. S. Breck P. Trowbridge. NEW YORK JUNIOR COM.— Miss Marie Demetre, Chair- man; Miss Elsie Didisheim, Secretary. NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y.— Mr. Richard Franchot, Chairman; Miss Gladys Petebone, Secretary. OBERLIN, OHIO— Mrs. C. B. Martin, Chairman; Miss Etta M. Wright. OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA.— Mr. Frank P. Johnson. OKMULGEE, OKLA.— Mrs. J. T. Hall, Chairman. PASADENA, CAL. — Mrs. David Brainard Dewey, Chairman ; Mrs. Reginald Johnson, Mr. Arthur H. Fleming, Mr. Henry M. Robinson. PEORIA, ILL.— Mr. James McCrea, Chairman; Mr. William Price, Mr. P. S. Rennick, Dr. W. B. Short, Mr. R. P. Seaton. PHILADELPHIA, PA.— Mrs. John Cadwalader, Mr. Fonteneau, Mrs. E. Burd Grubb, Mrs. Maurice Heckscher, Mrs. George W. Pepper, Mrs. Robert W. Strawbridge, Mrs. F. de St. Phalle, Mrs. John Markoe, Chairman; Mrs. Arthur Newbold, Vice- Chairman; Mrs. Arthur Biddle, Secretary; Mrs. J. Gardner Cassatt, Mrs. Alexander B. Coxe, Mrs. Frank T. Griswold, Miss Nancy Hittchison, Mrs. William E. Scull. PITTSBURG, PA. — Mr. Benjamin Page, Chairman; Mrs. Benjamin Page, Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Allderdice, Hon. and Mrs. Joseph Buffington, Mrs. W. W. Blackburn, Hon. and Mrs. James Francis Burke, Mr. and Mrs. George H. Calvert, Mr. and Mrs. Harry S. Calvert, Mr. and Mrs. James H. Lockhart, Mr. and Mrs. George L. Claypool, Mrs. Harry Darlington, Mr. and Mrs. Sumner B. Ely, Mr. and Mrs. George S. Griscom, Capt. and [248] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i »H»»»»»n«»»ii iiii i i t»»i i ii i iiiiii i ii««M . |||||||,,f,,,,, p i|||,, „ „„ ,,,,,m|,,,,,,,,„,^„^,,,,j,|^ ^ , Alfred Mrs. Azor R. Hunt, Mr. and Mrs. James H. Hammond, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred G. Kay, Mr. and Mrs. James B. Laughlin, Mr. and Mrs. F. J. LeMoyne, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Mellon, Dr. and Mrs. Samuel B. McCormick, Rev. J .H. Mcllvaine, Mr. and Mrs. Harrison Nesbit, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Oliver, Mr. and Mrs. George H. Rankin, Rev. and Mrs. Edward S. Travers, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Thavir, Rt. Rev. and Mrs. Cortland Whitehead, Mrs. W. Dewees Wood, Rev. and Mrs. E. H. Ward, Dr. and Mrs. Obed Yost, Col. and Mrs. Samuel Harden Church, Mr. and Mrs. John W. Lawrence, Mr. and Mrs. George L. Roberts. PORTLAND, ORE.— Mr. A. L. Mills, Chairman; Mrs. Rogers MacVeagh. PRESQUE ISLE, ME.— Miss Alice Kimball, Chairman. PRINCETON, IND.— Mrs. Thos. R. Paxton, Chairman. PROVIDENCE, R. L— Bishop J. Dewolf Perry, Chairman; Mr. Howard Sturges, Mr. Rush Sturges. REDLANDS, CAL.— Mrs. Henry Fisher, Chairman. RICHMOND, IND.— Mrs. William Dudley Foulke, Chairman ; Mrs. A. M. Charles. RICHMOND, VA.— Mrs. J. Taylor EUyson, Chairman. ROCKFORD, ILL.— Mrs. Wait Talcott, Chairman; Miss Gertrude F. Chindahl, Secretary; Mrs. E. P. Lathrop. ROCHESTER, N. Y.— Mrs. George Clifford Buell, Chairman ; Mr. Beekman C. Little. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH— Mrs. J. H. Portugal, Chairman; Mrs. J. B. Whitehill, Vice-Chairman. SACRAMENTO, CAL.— Miss Minnie C. Clark, Chairman. ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.— Mrs. G. H. Miles, Chairman. ST. JOSEPH, MO.— Mr. William M. Wyeth, Chairman; Mrs. Louis T. Golding, Mrs. R. T. Forbes, Mr. J. L. Davison, Mrs. J. H. Van Brunt, Mrs. S. S. McCord, Mrs. J. B. Moss, Mrs. John Wyeth, Miss Jessie Norman, Mrs. P. C. Bartlett. ST. LOUIS, MO.— Mr. Frank P. Crunden, Mr. Carl Langenberg, Mr. J. L. Mauran, Mr. Charles Parsons Pettus, Mrs. H. C. Scott, Chairman; Mrs. Frank P. Crunden, Mrs. Jesse McDonald, Secretary; Mrs. Howard Benoist, Miss Mary Boyce, Mrs. B. E. Bradley, Mrs. Walter Campbell, Miss Eugenia Chouteau, [249] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ■j<»» iii »» > Hm»ii t i i ii iii >»» > »t i » i »»»« » Hn»»»»n»»B »mt Mrs. John T. Davis, Jr., Mrs. John W. Day, Mrs. James Francisca, Mrs. Edward F. Goltra, Mrs. Lon Hocker, Mrs. Jackson Johnson, Mrs. I. H. Langenberg, Mrs. Sam Lazarus, Mrs. William H. Lee, Mrs. G. V. R. Mechin, Mrs. Charles Parsons Pettus, Mrs. Marc Sequin, Miss Emily Sproule, Mrs. Dexter Tiffany, Mrs. Edward J. Walsh, Miss Margaret Rollins. ST. PAUL, MINN.— Mrs. William J. Dean, Chairman; Mrs. Roger Shepard, Miss Elizabeth Ames. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS— Mrs. B. F. Dane. Hon. Chairman; Mrs. L. B. Clegg, Chairman ; Miss Catherine Franklin, Mrs. H. P. Drought, Mrs. Floyd McGown, Mrs. J. T. Woodhull, Mrs. C. B. Lucas, Mrs. William L. Herff, Mrs. A. W. Seeligson, Mrs. J. S. Lockwood, Miss Eleanor Brachenridge, Miss Mary Bryant. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.— Mr. William H. Crocker, Chair- man; Miss Mauricia Mintzer, Secretary; Mrs. Philip King Brown, Miss Alice Griffith, Mrs. Harry M. Sherman, Miss Elizabeth Ashe, Mr. Charles H. Bentley, Miss Amy Brewer, Mrs. Francis Carolan, Mrs. J. B. Casserly, Mr. Robert M. Eyre, Miss Mary Gayley, Mr. S. L. G. Knox, Dr. William Palmer Lucas, Miss Alicia Mosgrove, Mrs. Sigmund Stern, Mr. Joseph Sloss. SAN RAFAEL, CAL.— Miss Kate C. Towle, Chairman; Mrs. Charles F. Mills. SANTA BARBARA, CAL.— Mrs. Louis G. Dreyfous, Chair- man; Miss Sarah Redington, Miss Miriam Edwards, Miss Louise Johnston, Mrs. R. Mackinlay, Secretary; Mrs. C. E. Bigelow, Col. C. H. Graves, Miss Ellen Chamberlain, Mrs. C. H. Graves, Mrs. F. H. Greene, Miss Madeline Edwards, Mrs. J. F. Flagg, Miss Jane MacLaren, Mrs. H. L. Sawe, Mrs. Stewart Edward White. SAVANNAH, GA.— Mrs. F. C. Battey, Chairman; Mrs. Noble Jones, Mrs. John Heard Hunter, Miss Jessie Anderson, Miss Trenholm Hopkins, Miss M. S. Shuey, Miss Fanny PhilHps. SEATTLE, WASH.— Mrs. F. C. Struve, Chairman; Mrs. J. Vinn Paterson, Mrs. H. M. Treat. SAPULPA, OKLA.— Mrs. A. E. Mattoon, Chairman; Mrs. D. A. McDougall. SIOUX CITY, IOWA— Mrs. T. G. Henderson, Chairman ; Mrs. H. C. Campbell, Mrs. W. P. Manly, Mrs. Alice K. Lawler, [2S0] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Mrs. Oscar Ruff, Secretary; Miss Alice Richardson. SPOKANE, WASH.— Miss Gertrude Lea Huntington, Chair- man ; Miss Helen Huntington, Secretary. SPRINGFIELD, ILL.— Mrs. William Charles V. Hickox, Chairman. SPRINGFIELD, MASS.— Miss Annie C. Stebbins, Chairman ; Mrs. Alfred Birnie. SPRINGFIELD, MO.— Mrs. M. W. Coolbaugh, Chairman; Mrs. Hi. B. McDaniel, Mrs. R. P. Bowyer, Mrs. A. C. Kilham, Mrs. R. R. Ricketts, Miss Clara Tarrant. STOCKTON, CAL.— Mrs. Minot Tirrell, Chairraan. SYRACUSE, N. Y.— Mrs. P. L. Ryan, Chairman. TACOMA, WASH.— Mrs. Paul Francioli, Chairman. TAMPA, FLA.— Mrs. J. A. Griffin, Chairman. TERRE HAUTE, IND.— Mrs. Alfred Ogle, Chairman. TOLEDO, OHIO— Mrs. W. A. Gosline, Jr., Chairman. TONOPAH, MO.— Mrs. Hugh Brown, Chairman. TOPEKA, KANS.— Mrs. J. C. McClintock, Chairman; Mrs. Bennett R. Wheeler. TULSA, OKLA.— Mrs. T. O. Lyons, Chairman. VERSAILLES, KY.— Mrs. Claude S. Williams, Chairman. VICKSBURG, MISS.— Mrs. Jeff Gray, Chairman ; Mrs. W. H. Fitzhugh, Mrs. O. S. Hennessey, Mrs. Adolph Rose, Mrs. John Brunini, Mrs. T. W. Bigsby, Miss Lelia Luckett, Mr. G. A. Monroe, Mr. D. W. Griffiths. WASHINGTON, D. C— Mrs. Hennen Jennings, Chairman; Mrs. Archibald Hopkins. WEBSTER GROVES, MO.— Mrs. A. R. Deacon, Chairman; Mrs. Charles L. Martin. WELLESLEY, MASS.— Miss Juliana R. Tatum, Chairman. WHITTIER, CAL.— Mrs. M. B. Hannon, Chairman; Mrs. G. A. Shryock. WICHITA, KANS. — Miss Constance Jane Smyth, Chairman. WINONA, MINN.— Mrs. Frank Horton, Chairman ; Mrs. George Landon. WORCESTER, MASS.— Mrs, Mathew J. Whittall, Chairman. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO— Miss Laura K. Wick, Chairman. [251] BANKS AND BANKERS OF NEW YORK ANKS and Bankers of New York City who have ren- dered invaluable service in co-operating with the Government in supporting the Liberty Loan Drives and other patriotic financial measures. Amongst this list are names which will live forever, for the great support they have rendered the American people by giving of their time, their efforts, and their money for the cause of Liberty. Stephen Baker, Bank of the Manhattan Co. Stephen Baker, Bank of the Metropolis. Herbert L. Griggs, Bank of the New York Nat Bkg. Ass'n. A. H. Wiggin, Chase National Bank. Louis G. Kaufman, Chatham & Phenix National Bank. H. K. Twitchell, Chemical National Bank. E. S. Schenck, Citizens National Bank. Le Roy W. Baldwin, Empire Trust Company. A. W. Krech, Equitable Trust Company. Edwin S. Marston, Farmers Loan & Trust Company. S. S. Conover, Fidelity Trust Co. E. C. Delafield, A. K. Wood, Franklin Trust Company. A. J. Hemphill, C. H. Sabin, Guaranty Trust Company. [252] GEORGE F. BAKER, ESQ.. BANKER PHILANTHROPIST. THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »n » »»n»»Hnn»» ; »nt»»n;n»H»nt«!:» ; »n:»n»im;»»tnt > » i nm; i ii»» i tin ;i i ii i i i ii muai John T. SprouU, Coal & Iron National Bank. Walter E. Frew, W. A. Nash, Corn Exchange Bank. Geo. F. Baker, Francis L. Hine, First National Bank. R. W. Poor, Garfield National Bank. William Woodward, Hanover National Bank. J. W. Harriman, Harriman National Bank. H. H. Powell, Edward Townsend, Importers & Traders National Bank. H. T. S. Green, International Banking Corporation. Rollin P. Grant, Lewis E. Pierson, Irving National Bank. H. D. Gibson, Liberty National Bank. C. Elliot Warren, Lincoln National Bank. R. A. Parker, Alex Gilbert, Market & Fulton National Bank. E. W. Coggeshall, Louis V. Bright, H. E. Jackson, Lawyers Title & Trust Co. A. S. Webb, Lincoln Trust Company. C. A. Austin, Mercantile Trust & Deposit Co. G. C. Van Tuyl, Jr., Metropolitan Trust Company. Walter Kerr, N. Y. Life Ins. & Trust Co. Otto T. Bannard, M. M. Buckner, New York Trust Company. A. V. Ostron, B. E. Smythe, T. Barth, Scandinavian Trust Co. C. H. Kdsey, Title Guarantee & Trust Co. E. G. Merrill, Union Trust Company. L. L. Clarke, M. P. Mosely, American Exchange National Bank. H. D. Kountze, P. C. Lounsbury, Atlantic National Bank. Gates W. McGarrah, Mechanics & Metals National Bank. William H. Perkins, Bank of America. ;2S3] THE VOLUNTARY AID tttmmtmt OF AMERICA Theo. E. Burton, Merchants National Bank. H. Ollesheimer. Metropolitan Bank. J. S. Alexander, National Bank of Commerce. James Stillman, F. A. Vanderlip, W. A. Simonson, Samuel McRoberts, National City Bank. Richard Delafield, National Park Bank. G. W. McGarrah, New York Produce Exchange Bank. S. G. Bayne, Seaboard National Bank. Benjamin Strong, Governor, Federal Reserve Bank. John W. Flatten, U. S. Mortgage & Trust Co. E. W. Sheldon, United States Trust Co. Walter Trimble, Bank for Saving in the City of New York. H. A. Schenck, Bowery Savings Bank. Henry Hasler, Citizens Savings Bank. Andrew Mills, Dry Dock Savings Institution. D. S. Ramsay, East River Savings Institution. O. L. Richard, State Bank. J. J. Pulleyn, Emigrant Industrial Saving Bank. S. H. Herman, Union Exchange National Bank. William J. Roome, Excelsior Savings Bank. Seward Prosser, Bankers Trust Company. E. K. Satterlee, Franklin Savings Bank. Frederick G. Lee, Broadway Trust Company. James Quinlan, Greenwich Savings Bank. W. V. King, Columbia Trust Company. W. E. Trotter, Harlem Savings Bank. C. M. Bird, Manhattan Savings Institution. H. E. Tener, Irving Savings Institution. [254] THE VOLUNTARY t umm m mm xtmit R. D. Andrews, Metropolitan Savings Bank. William Felsinger, New York Savings Bank. Daniel Barnes, Seamen's Bank for Saving. A. P. W. Kinnan, Union Dime Savings Bank. William H. Rockwood, Union Square Savings Bank. C. O. Bigelow, West Side Savings Bank. J. P. Morgan, J. P. Morgan & Co. AID OF AMERICA tltitiliiilililttitltttt' H. Ward Ford, Greenwich Bank. O. H. Cheney, Pacific Bank. E. S. Rothchild, Public National Bank. W. A. Simonson, Second National Bank. J. N. Wallace, Central Trust Co. R. R. Moore, G. J. Baumann, Commercial Trust Co. H. C. Swords, Fulton Trust Co. Otto H. Kahn, Kuhn, Loeb & Co. G. C. Lee, F. L. Higginson, Lee, Higginson & Co. E. H. Bernheim, Joseph Fox, Columbia Bank. Theo. Hetzler, A. S. Frissell, Fifth Avenue Bank. Frank V. Baldwin, Hudson Trust Co. William M. Campbell, American Savings Bank. H. F. Hutchinson, Broadway Savings Institution. John H. Boschen, Commonwealth Savings Bank. John Beaver, Empire City Savings Bank. J. L. Schaefer, W. R. Grace & Co.'s Bank. Chas. J. Obermayer, The Greater New York Savings Bank. [2SS] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA K» » »» ii n»»»»»»»»n»»»»«»»»»:«»»«»»»»»H««n»»mttttnnmfflH»ttnii» i »mw« J. N. Francolini, D. Saladino, J. E. 'Wayland, Italian Savings Bank. F. A. Ringler, J. S. de Selding, Chas. R. Jung, Maiden Lane Savings Bank. Chas. Rohe, C. F. Tietjen, R. H. MacDonald, North River Savings Bank. Chas. N. Taintor, W. C. Adams, F. G. Lloyd, United States Savings Bank. [256] AMERICAN STUDENTS COMMITTEE OF THE ECOLE DES BEAUX-ARTS American Students Committee of the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts Board of Directors ;HE Committee was founded in November, 1914, for the purpose of assisting in every possible way the three thousand soldier students of the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts who would be called upon to serve their country and their families. The work is carried on by five departments known as the departments of Monetary Assist- ance; Ouvroir; The Gazettes; The Bureau, and Water Color Sketches. Whitney Wareen Thomas Hastings Lloyd Warren Henry R. Sedg.wick Pleasants Pennington Philip A. Cusachs Charles S. Lawrance H. O. Milliken Arthur J. Moulton Lawrence G. White Nathan Wyeth Cyrus W. Thomas John Chandler Alvah Crocker Francis Jacques William Mauser Henry Tresal C. C. Zantzinger E. H. Bennett Lewis P. Hobart William Daub John S. Humphreys Ronald Simmonds The American Students Committee of the Ecole des Beaux- Arts has been devoted to the supreme task of alleviating the suffer- ing among the soldier students of the Ecole and Julian's Academy, as well as their families, brought about by the deeds of the enemy [257] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF in the field and elsewhere. Its work will not be completed until every student of the Beaux-Arts and of the allied Julian's Academy has been able to take up again the normal course of his life. The general lines of activity undertaken in France by the Com- mittee have been determined after a careful study of the conditions to be met. The purpose of the Committee is to keep in touch with, and to assist in every possible way, the members and graduates of the school serving France, to act as a medium of communication be- tween them and their families, assisting the latter, which now has become increasingly necessary, and to offer to Americans a realiza- tion of the privilege which is theirs to come to the aid of France. In the United States it has aroused interest in France and in France it is disseminating American sympathy and succor. A warmly appreciated part of the work is that carried on by the Bureau. This department is devoted to tracing the missing, and of establishing means of communication between prisoners and their families, and between students and their families in cases where the latter still live in those parts of France and Belgium tem- porarily held by the enemy. For this purpose the Committee is in touch with the various Embassies of the neutral countries in France and their Embassies in Germany, with agencies in Switzerland and Holland and with the different branches of the Red Cross. [258] THE NAVY RELIEF SOCIETY (Incorporated 1904) 'HE Society visits and cares for the families of men who give their lives for the flag. When an enlisted seaman or marine dies, the Navy Relief Society is at once notified by the Surgeon General. The Bureau of Navigation furnishes the name and address of his w^ife or nearest of kin. The representatives of the Society act as a friend to the family. If the family is in financial need the Navy Relief provides relief until payments are made by the Government or the family is again self-supporting. The Navy Relief Society provides for the widows, orphans, or dependent mothers, when the death of a son or husband has left them in financial need. NATIONAL OFFICERS Rear Admiral Charles O'Neil, President Mrs. B. H. Buckingham, Captain E. J. Dorn, Recording Secretary Corresponding Secretary Mr. E. T. Stotesbury, Treasurer NAVY RELIEF EMERGENCY FUND COMMITTEE Edmund L. Baylies, Chairman. William Thaw, Secretary. Hon. Elihu Root Allison V. Armour George F. Baker, Jr. Edward J. Berwind Morton G. Bogue James A. Burden Nicholas Murray Butler Cleveland H. Dodge P. A. S. Franklin Alexander J. FIemphill Arthur Curtiss James Otto H. Kahn [259] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA >n>t»» >i » i tt» i nn»n » »t>«i»»» i i»t»;i»»»{i»t»» i imi i » ii i i »»H»»»ii»» i >iiumiumiuuuu Clarence H. Mackay William Church Osborn Ogden Mills George A. Plimpton Henry Morgenthau Harold I. Pratt Beekman Winthrop LOCATION OF AUXILIARIES New York Navy Yard. Puget Sound Naval Station. Boston Navy Yard. Newport Naval Station. Portsmouth Navy Yard. Naval Academy, Annapolis. Norfolk Navy Yard. Great Lakes Training Station. Washington Navy Yard. Pensacola Navy Yard. Mare Island Navy Yard. New Orleans Navy Yard. Philadelphia Navy Yard. Guam Naval Station. San Francisco Naval Training Station. Charleston Navy Yard. [260] NATIONAL SPECIAL AID SOCIETY OFFICERS Founder and Honorary President, Secretary, Mrs. William Alexander. Isabelle H. Hardie. President, Assistant Treasurer, Mrs. Charles Frederick Hoffman. Warren A.- Ma you. Treasurer, Harris A. Dunn, ( Vice-Pres., Columbia Trust Company) [HE National Special Aid Society was organized by a group of patriotic women in 1915, with Mrs. William Alexander as President, to mobilize the women throughotit the Union for service to their country for the wider needs of humanity, and to teach Patri- otism and Preparedness. Its earlj^ work was devoted to sending supplies abroad to the Allies. In the Fall of 1915 the Society, realizing the necessity of pre- paredness, instituted a campaign throughout the country, urging voters to demand from their Congressmen an increased Army and Navy. At the same time, by Service Pledges, the women through- out the country were mobilized and pledged themselves for differ- ent forms of service. These included agriculture, clerical service, personal and domestic services, contributions of homes, ambu- lances, motor cars and funds in the event of national need. At that time the whole idea was scoffed at, but the wisdom of Mrs. William Alexander has been more than vindicated, and many other societies are now following in the lead of the National Special Aid Society. [261] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ttt:» iii i i iii i > i »t i i»»:n>i» i iiii!Uiiti i ii»ii» i »i»i i ni ii iii i iinii i i»»ii i i ii ii i iii i iii»H»»m>»M»m BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mrs. William Alexander Mrs. John E. Alexandre Mrs. William Allen Bartlett Mrs. Charles H. Ditson Miss Isabelle H. Hardie Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Mrs. William W. Hofpin, Jr. Mrs. Charles A. Childs Mrs. Eliot Butler Whiting ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Samuel R. Bertron Mr. Frederic R. Coudert Dr. Charles L. Dana Mr. Lawrence L. Gillespie Mr. Oliver Harriman Mr. William Warner Hoppin Mr. Robert Olyphant Mr. Frederick Perkins Mr. Herbert L. Satterlee Mr. Howard Taylor Mr. Charles Hallam Keep GENERAL COMMITTEE Mrs. Charles B. Alexander Mrs. Henry M. Alexander Mrs. John T. Atterbury Mrs. Jose Aymar Mrs. Jules S. Bache Mrs. Robert L. Bacon Mrs. Fordyce Barker Mrs. J. Stewart Barney Mrs. Morgan G. Barnwell Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont Mrs. William H. Bliss Mrs. Oliver B. Bridgeman Mrs. I. T. Burden, Jr. Mrs. Nicholas M. Butler Mrs. Frederic F. Carey Mrs. Francis Carolan Miss Augusta Childs Mrs. a. S. Clarke Mrs. James B. Clews Mrs. Henry Ives Cobb, Jr. Mrs. S. B. Colt Mrs. Charles W. Cooper Mrs. William H. Crocker Mrs. Frederick Y. Dalziel Mrs. Dudley Davis Mrs. Howard Davison Miss Maria de Barril Duchesse de Chaulnes Mrs. George B. de Forest Mrs. William K. Dick Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. John Beverly Duer Mrs. Stuart Duncan Mrs. Elisha Dyer Mrs. E. Hayward Ferry Mrs. Hamilton Fish Mrs. Lewis Brown Gawtry Miss Virginia Gildersleeve Mrs. Lawrence L. Gillespie Mrs. Harold Godwin Mrs. Edwin Gould Mrs. George Jay Gould Mrs. Jay Gould Mrs. Charles E. Greenough Mrs. William Grosvenor Mrs. p. Cooper Hewitt [262] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA it!i»t i »»» i i»»»»i i :i iii » » iit» ii it ii iii; i iiiiiiiii» i i»»i; i »»>»»tint i! i»»i»» i immnmm mm«i Mrs. Hamilton Hoppin Miss Gertrude Hoyt Miss Louise Iselin Mrs. Bradish G. Johnson Mrs. Gouverneur Kortright Miss Luisita A. Leland Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. John A. Logan, Jr. Mrs. Charles McNeill Mrs. John G. Milburn Mrs. John Purroy Mitchel Miss S. Adelina Moller Mrs. Paul Morton Mrs. Frederick Neilson Miss Catherine Norwood Mrs. Charles de Oelrichs Mrs. Charles M. Oelrichs Mrs. Hermann Oelrichs Mrs. Alonzo W. Paige Mrs. Henry Pearce Mrs. Frederick Pearson Mrs. Franklin D. Pelton Mrs. Henry P. Perry Mrs. Allison Wright Post Mrs. Charles A. Post Mrs. James Brown Potter Mrs. William C. Potter Mrs. Alexander D. B. Pratt Miss Alice Preston Mrs. John Dyneley Prince Mrs. George R. Read Miss Margaret Remsen Mrs. William Rockefeller Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt Mrs. George Rose Mrs. William H. Sands Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee Mrs. Schuyler Schieffelin Mrs. Charles H. Senff Mrs. William F. Sheehan Miss Evelyn Rives Smith Mrs. Ormond G. Smith Mrs. Vivian Spencer Mrs. Leonard Thomas Mrs. J. P. Thompson Mrs. W. B. Thompson Prince Pierre Troubetzkoy Mrs. Arthur B. Twombly Mrs. Allen G. Wellman Mrs. William Storrs Wells Mrs. Barrett Wendell Miss Mary L. Willard Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Mrs. Lawrence L. Winslow Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee Mrs. Charles S. Whitman [263] THE AUTHORS' LEAGUE FUND OFFICERS President, Ellis Parker Butler First Vice-President, Gertrude Atherton Second Vice-President, Charles Dana Gibson Honorary Counsel, B. H. Stern Honorary Accountant, Richard T. Lingley Secretary and Treasurer, Eric Schuler HE principal work is the relief of authors and artists, who may be temporarily or permanently in need of assistance. A war fund for the purpose of relief of authors and artists who are suffering as the direct and immediate result of the war is also established in connection with this fund. DIRECTORS Gertrude Atherton Irving Bacheller George Barr Baker Rex Beach Ellis Parker Butler Winston Churchill Irvin S. Cobb John PIuston Finley Hamlin Garland Charles Dana Gibson Montague Glass Arthur Guiterman Rupert Hughes Will Irwin Basil King Orson Lowell Cleveland Moffatt Kathleen Norris Ignace Paderewski Emily Price Post Leroy Scott Charles Scribner Mrs. James Speyer Frederick A. Stokes Julian Street Augustus Thomas Louis Joseph Vance Mrs. Payne Whitney Montague Glass Basil King Jesse Lynch Williams EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Leroy Scott Charles Scribner Jesse Lynch Williams [264] KITCHENER MEMORIAL FUND President, Her Majesty Queen Alexandra. Treasurer, The Lord Mayor of London. AMERICAN COMMITTEE y^CjCTRrtU^ T the suggestion of the Lord Mayor of London and the W,»fVlJ™^Y Council of the Lord Kitchener Memorial Fund, an American Committee, of which the late Mr. Joseph H. Choate was Honorary President, was appointed in New York to assist the Council in England to pro- vide permanent homes for hopelessly disabled officers and men of the Army and Navy. The Late Joseph H. Choate, Honorary President. F. Cunliffe-Owen, Chairman. Vice-President Pilgrims of U. S. George T. Wilson, Vice-Chairman. Vice-Pres. Equitable Life Assurance Society. Wm. C. Demorest, Treasurer. President Realty Trust, Porter Clyde Shannon, Secretary, Messrs. J. P. Morgan & Co., Depositary, N. Y. Maj.-Gen. Daniel Appleton Percy S. Bullen William Allen Butler, President The Lawyers Club. Nicholas Murray Butler, President Columbia University. Henry Clews, Messrs. Henry Clews & Co., Bankers. Chauncey M. Depew, Chairman N. Y. Central Railroad. Richard H. Ewart, Vice-President Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. Samuel W. Fairchild, Member Executive Committee Cham- ber of Commerce, N. Y. Daniel Frohman, President Actors Fund of America. A. Barton Hepburn, Chairman Chase National Bank. Clarence H. Mackay, President Postal Telegraph-Cable Co. Rev. William T. Manning, D.D., Rector Trinity Church, N. Y. Joseph H. Choate, Jr. [265] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA !wit»»i i M i i» i i i iiii i ii ii iii ii iiim i inm»n ii » ii tiiinuii:: i im»n»tn ii t»mmnMt»nmn»t»n»t»» William Fellowes Morgan, President Merchants Ass'n. of N. Adolph S. Ochs, President The New York Times. EuGENIUS H. OUTERBRIDGE, President N. Y. Chamber of Commerce. Alton B. Parker, Former Chief Justice, New York. Charles H. Sabin, President Guaranty Trust Co. Henry Seligman, Of Messrs. J. W. SeHgman & Co. Mortimer L. Schiff, Of Messrs. Kuhn, Loeb & Co. Oscar S. Straus, Former Ambassador. Brig.-Gen. Cornelius Vanderbilt, U. S. A. George Gray Ward, Vice-Pres. Postal Telegraph Cable Co. Rev. Stephen S. Wise, Rabbi Free Synagogue, New York. Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wood, U. S. A. Hon. R. M. Stuart Wortley, Treasurer Prince of Wales Fund. The Right Hon. The Earl of Derby, Y. K.G., G.C.V.O., C.B. The Right Hon. The Earl of Rosebery, K.G., K.T. The Right Hon. The Earl of Powis. The Right Hon. The Earl of Cromer, O.M., G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Field-Marshal Lord Grenfell, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. The Right Hon. Lord Desborough, K. C. V. O. Admiral Lord Beresford, G. C. B., G.C.V.O. Commander Viscount Broome, R.N. The Hon. Arthur Stanley, C. B., M.V.O., M.P. The Right Hon. G. N. Barnes, M.P. The Right Hon. W. Crooks, M. P. Admiral of The Fleet The Hon. Sir Hedworth Meux, G.C.B., K.C.V.O. General The Right Hon. Sir Digh- ton Probyn, V.C, G.C.B., G.C.V.O. The Hon. Algernon Mills The Hon. Sir Charles Russell, Bt. Sir George Arthur, Bt., M.V.O. Sir Frederick Treves, Bt., G.C.V.O., C.B. Sir William Garstin, G.C.M.G. ENGLISH COUNCIL His Grace The Duke of Norfolk, KG., G.C.V.O. His Grace The Duke of Devonshire, K.G., G.C.V.O. His Grace The Duke of Portland, K.G., G.C.V.O. The Most Hon. The Marquis of Lansdowne, K.G., G.C.S.I. The Most Hon. The Marquis of Salisbury, G.C.V.O., C.B. General Sir William Robertson, K.C.B. Lt.-General Sir Wm. Birdwood, K.C.S.L Sir Robert Hudson Sir Hedley Le Bas Alfred De Rothschild, C.V.O. H. J. Greedy, C.B., M.V.O. Lt.-Col. John Ward, M.P. Pandeli Ralli. Arthur Renshaw. [266] AMERICAN FIELD SERVICE FUND N September, 1914, when the line of battle surged close to Paris, a dozen automobiles given by Ameri- fMAlX^^Sf cans, hastily extemporized into ambvilances, and 'ii^AK^i^^Xii driven by American volunteers, ran back and forth night and day between the western end of the Marne Valley and Paris. During the Autumn and Winter that followed many more cars were given and many more young Americans vol- unteered, and the battle front having retired from the vicinity of Paris, these sections of motor ambulances were detached from their headquarters at the hospitals at Neuilly and Juilly and became more or less independent units attached to the several French ar- mies, serving the dressing-stations and army hospitals within the Army Zone. At that time, however, these squads of ambulances, being gen- erally in groups of only about five, were inadequate in size to stand independently and were, therefore, attached by the French Gov- ernment to other existing services in the rear of the Army Zone. In April, 1915, through the effort of A. Piatt Andrew, who had then become Inspector of Field Service, the French military authorities made a place for the American Ambulance Sections at the front line, on trial. Ten ambulances were sent to the Vosges, and as their personnel was of the finest type obtainable, the French com- manding officer under whom they served soon asked that they be increased by ten cars so as to form a Sanitary Section. This re- quest was promptly complied with, and in the same month a section of twenty cars was formed and stationed in the much bombarded [267] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA a:i«j«j«a i»iiiiii ii ii i iiii i i i iiin»»»»»»HH»K» ; »»»i i i ii ii»» ii »»i»»m«tmm; i Hn i iimTmTr town of Pont-a-Mousson, Lorraine. At the same time two squads of five cars each which had been working at Dunkirk were re-m- forced by ten more and a section sent to the French front in Bel- gium. These three groups were really the beginning of the work of the Field Service. Mr. Edward J. De Coppet, of New York, Avho had become deeply interested in the idea of a larger service, rendered indispen- sable help in furtherance of the proposition, not only by his con- stant support and encouragement but by enlisting wherever possi- ble new interest in the work. He personally contributed ambu- lances, money for organizing the fund, and a thousand dollars a month toward actual maintenance in France. His death in 1915 was an irreparable loss, although his liberal intention has been more than fulfilled by his son, Mr. Andre De Coppet. Now that the Service has fulfilled its purpose, it seems fair to make brief mention here of its achievements, and of its honors — nearly all won prior to the entry of the United States into the war. It has served with the French Armies since the beginning of the war in all the great campaigns, the Marne, the Yser, the Aisne, on the Somme, in Champagne, in the Argonne, at Verdun, in the Woevre, in Lorraine, Alsace, and in Saloniki. It has had nearly twelve hundred ambulances given by American citizens. Nearly three thousand Americans have been in its service, nineteen hun- dred and sixty-eight of these being college graduates or students, representing one hundred America'n colleges and universities. All of these men have served without pay. They have carried more than five hundred thousand wounded. The French Government has more than forty times cited the Sections and Section Leaders for distin- guished service ; has conferred upon over 241 drivers the Croix de Guerre for special acts of bravery; upon four, the Medaille Mili- taire, the highest honor for military valor in France ; and upon its leader, the Cross of the Legion of Honor. The taking over of the Field Service by the United States Army was not only desirable, but for several reasons inevitable. Our declaration of war and the subsequent preparations for sending over our expeditionary force, which involved strict draft regula- tions, had placed members of a volunteer organization at the front [268] THE VOLUNTARY tUiitt AID OF AMERICA in a technically ambiguous position. While the record and standing of our ambulance drivers with the French Army was of the highest order, as the honors and citations conferred upon them testify, it was obvious that such service as they had undertaken through in- clination, had suddenly become an obligation. The changed circum- stances made many hundred of our men feel that having fulfilled the original spirit of their intention they were now free to enlist as they chose. During the past few months a large number of our members have entered Artillery, Aviation, or other branches of the army. Unfortunately, a few of our best men, with highly credit- able records and long experience, who were anxious to enlist for the duration of the war, were rejected on account of slight physical defect. More than sixty per cent., however, have chosen to remain, and have been accepted as members of the Ambulance. OFFICERS A. Piatt Andrew, Inspector General. Edward O. Bartlett, Chief of Construction. Clarence B. Denny, Assistant to Inspector. John R. Fisher, Assistant to Inspector. Stephen Galatti, Assistant General Inspector. Edmund L. Gros, Chief Physician. John E. Ewell, Assistant to Inspector. Edward L. Huffer, Controller. Peter L. Kent, Assistant to Inspector. John H. McFadden, Jr., Treasurer. Robert T. W. Moss, Chief of Repair Park. Benjamin R. Woodworth, Commander Section i. Charles J. Freebern, Commander Section 2. Lovering Hill, Commander Section 3. W. de Ford Bigelow, Commander Section 4. Arthur D. Dodge, Commander Section 8. Walter Jepson, Commander Section 9. KiMBERLEY StUART, Commander Section 10. Henry G. Iselin, Commander Section 12. Bertwal C. Read, Commander Section 13. [269] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA Allan H. Muhr, Commander Section 14. Alxeander T. Henderson, Commander Section 15. Charles J. Farley, Commander Section 16. Basil K. Neftel, Commander Section 17. Paul Kurz, Commander Section 18. James P. Gillespie, Commander Section 19. Albert M. Hyde, Commander Section 26. Louis P. Hall, Jr., Chief of Vosges Detachment. Edward L. Tinkham, Commander of ist Trans. Section. Frederick J. Daly, Commander of 2nd Trans. Section. HoRTON P. Kennedy, Commander of 3rd Trans. Section. [270] AMERICAN DEFENSE SOCIETY, Inc. [HE American Defense Society was organized in the summer of 1915 with the express purpose for Na- tional preparedness. Efforts were expended to arouse the entire country to the necessity of enlarge- ments of the Navy as well as of the Army units, in anticipation of the struggle which is now a part of present day history. The Society included various committees, one of which was the organization of the Vigilance Corps, of which Mr. Cleve- land Moffett is Chairman, made up of the active members who pa- troled the streets of this city and nearby cities, day and night, for the purpose of detecting disloyalty and sedition within our borders. The American Defense Society has given an annual cup for the marksmanship on our dreadnaughts ; also skeleton and anato- mical charts for facilitating instruction aboard for the Hospital Corps; and a medal for distinguished service. The Society's motto is, "Serve at the Front or Serve at Home." BOARD OF TRUSTEES Richard M. Hurd, Chairman, President Lawyers Mortgage Co.; George B. Agnew, formerly N. Y. State Senator; Robert Appleton, publisher; Bartlett Arkell, President, Beech Nut Packing Co.; H. E. Atherton, attornej^; Hon. James M. Beck, Bertram H. Borden, merchant ; George F. Brownell, Vice-President, Erie R. R. ; C. Ward Crampton, Director Physical Education, N. Y. ; Hon. Charles Stewart Davison, Lee De Forest, Inventor; James D. Elsworth, Bradley A. Fiske, Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Re- tired; William H. Gardiner, Consulting Engineer; Rev. Percy [271] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »n» » »»»»»»»»i ii ii i » i »» iii i i i:ii»»t» »i n n n» t K : »»»» i »n»»t i »m»HHt»m»H»»»»Hffl Grant Rector, Church of the Ascension, N. Y. ; WilHam Guggen- heim, De Forest Hicks, Banker; George A. Hurd, President, Mort- gage Bond Co.; Edwin O. Holder, Attorney; William T. Hornaday, Director, N. Y. Zoological Park; Prof. Douglas W. Johnson, Co- lumbia University; Luther B. Little,. Insurance; Lyle E. Mahan, Attorney; Henry E. Meeker, Merchant; Cleveland Moffett, Author; Stuart D. Preston, Attorney; Henry C. Quinby, Attorney; John J. Riker, Merchant; Dr. Louis Livingston Seaman, Major U. S. V.; John Stone, Consulting Electrical Engineer; JuHan Street, Author; Clarence S. Thompson, Leslie J. Tompkins, Assistant District At- torney, N. Y. ; Thomas L. Watson, Brig. Gen. N. G. Con., Retired. WOMAN'S NATIONAL COMMITTEE Mrs. William Gumming Story, Chairman; Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, Mrs. Simon Baruch, Mrs. Robert Lansing, Mrs. Charles S. Whitman, Mrs. William Thaw, Jr. PUBLICITY COMMITTEE George Ade, Irving Bacheller, Rex Beach, Alice Brown, Thomas Buchanan, Gelett Burgess, Ellis P. Butler, Joe Mitchell Chappie, Richard Washburn Child, Irvin S. Cobb, William C. de Mille, Henry James Forman, Daniel Frohman, Hamlin Garland, Eleanor Gates, William Griffith, Clayton Hamilton, Burton J. Hendrick, Emerson Hough, Rupert Hughes, Edward Hungerford, Dr. Woods Hutchinson, Wallace Irwin, Owen Johnson, Elizabeth Jordan, Reginald W. Kauffman, Basil King, Peter C. MacFarlane, Harold MacGrath, Isaac F. Marcosson, Don Marquis, George Barr McCutcheon, Frederick F. Moore, Cleveland Moffett, George J. Nathan, Robert George Paterson, Channing Pollock, Grantland Rice, Mary Robert Rinehart, Edgar Saltus, Robert Haven Schauffler, Edgar Selwyn, Otis Skinner, Julian Street, Louis Joseph Vance, Maude Radford Warren, Henry Kitchell Webster, Paul West, Stephen Whitman, Dr. H. S. Williams, Jesse Lynch Williams, Owen Wister, Mrs. Wilson Woodrow, Helen S. Woodruff, Edward Mott Wooley. [272] THEVOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ADVISORY BOARD President, Hon. David Jayne Hill, Hon. Robert Bacon, Ex-Ambassador to Germany. Ex-Ambassador to France. Hon. Perry Belmont, Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, Vice-President, Navy League. Ex-Attorney General, U. S. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Richard M. Hurd, Robert Appleton, Chairman Board of Trustees. Treasurer. Henry C. Quinby, William Tutherly, Chairman Executive Committee. Secretary. Clarence S. Thompson, George Garner, Chairman Press Committee. Director Washington Bureau. John Grier Hibben, President, Princeton University. Henry B. Joy, Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, President, Lincoln Highway Ass'n. Ex-President of the U. S. Hudson Maxim, Member Naval Advisory Board. [273] BANKS OME Banks and Bankers throughout the Nation who have unconditionally supported the Treasury in Washington and by whose united efforts the Liberty Loans and other governmental financial undertakings were made so successful. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURL American Trust Co J. C. Van Riper Baden Bank F. W. Giese Boatmens Bank Edwards Whitaker Broadway Savings Trust Co F. R. Jackes Cass Avenue Bank J. F. Hellrung Central National Bank B. F. Edwards Chippewa Bank G. Eyermann, Jr. Chouteau Trust Co A. W. Fleming City Trust Co. W. O. Schock Easton-Taylor Trust Co Charles Thuener Farmers & Merchants Trust Co F. W. Clemens Franklin National Bank G. T. Riddle Hodiamont Bank S. C. Gossom International Bank G. A. Meyer Jefferson Bank V. T. Moberly Jefferson-Gravois Trust Co B. O. Leftwich Lafayette-South Side Bank.. A. C. F. Meyer Lowell Bank W. Koeneman Manchester Bank Gustav Bischoff, Sr. Mechanics American National Bank Walker Hill Mercantile National Bank Festus J. Wade Mercantile Trust Co Festus J. Wade Merchants-Laclede National Bank W. H. Lee Mississippi Valley Trust Co Breckinridge Jones National Bank of Commerce J. G. Lonsdale Newmarket Bank N. W. Ewing [274] THE VOLUNTARY AID ttixitttttttttttttt AMERICA xtttti Night & Day Bank H. H. Hohenschild Northwestern Bank A. H. Hoffmann Scruggs, Vandervoort & Barney Bank . . M. L. Wilkinson South Side Trust Co A. C. F. Meyer State National Bank Edward B. Pryor St. Louis Union Bank N. A.~ McMillan St. Louis Union Trust Co J. F. Shepley Third National Bank F. O. Watts Union Station Bank C. E. Lane Water Tower Bank F. McGunnigle West St. Louis Trust Co B. E. W. Ruler CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Central Trust Co. of Illinois . . . Chicago Sav. Bank & Trust Co. . Chicago Title & Trust Co Continental & Commercial Bank Corn Exchange National Bank First National Bank First Trust & Savings Bank. . Merchants Loan & Trust Co. . National City Bank .Charles G. Dawes .Lucius Teter .H. B. Riley .G. M. Reynolds .prnest A. Hammill . F. O. Wetmore .E. K. Boisot .E. D. Hulbert .David R. Forgan PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA. Bank of Pittsburgh Nat'l Ass'n Commonwealth Trust Co Fidelity Title & Trust Co.. . . First- Second National Bank . Mellon National Bank Franklin Savings & Trust Co Peoples National Bank . .Harrison Nesbit , .John W. Herron . C. S. Gray , . L. E. Sands .A. W. Mellon .F. J. Kress .Robert Wardrop PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND. Blackstone Canal National Bank Albert R. Plant Columbus Exchange Bank. M. Vervena High Street Bank Arthur E. Austin Mechanics National Bank C. C. Harrington Merchants National Bank R. W. Taft The Industrial Trust Co H. Martin Brown [275] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »i »ii ! ii[ii!t aiiii iiii i ii i i ti»» i ;;»tti»tt» t {n»»» »i »«Kt»»t» i »i»n»»»»i»«m ii n:»»»»»n»H»» SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. American National Bank George N. O'Brien Anglo & London Paris National Bank. .H. Fleishhacker Bank of Cal. Nat'l Association F. B. Anderson Bank of Italy A. P. Giannini Crocker National Bank William H. Crocker First National Bank R. Spreckels Mercantile National Bank John D. McKee Merchants National Bank William T. Summers Savings Union Bank J. S. Drum Union Trust Co I. W. Hellman, Jr. Wells Fargo-Nevada Nat'l Bank Isaias W. Hellman PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. Farmers & Mechanics National Bank. . .H. W. Lewis Fourth Street National Bank E. F. Shanbacker FrankHn National Bank J. R. McAllister BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. Baltimore Trust Co William Ingle Citizens National Bank W H. O'Connell Continental Trust Co S. D. Warfield Drovers & Mech. National Bank Paul A. Seeger Equitable Trust Co E. L. Norton Fidelity Trust Co Edwin Warfield Maryland Trust Co. '. L. S. Zimmerman Merchants-Mechanics First Nat'l Bank. Douglas H. Thomas National Bank of Baltimore T. R. Thomas National Exchange Bank Waldo Newcomer SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA. California National Bank ^V. E. Gerber Fort Sutter National Bank J. M. Henderson, Jr. National Bank of D. O. Mills & Co Charles F. Dillman Peoples Savings Bank William Beekman Sacramento Bank J. M. Henderson, Jr. Sacramento Valley Bank & Trust Co.. . .G. J. Bryte Capital National Bank Alden Anderson [276] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA » ; »«» » n»t»t»»» i »« ; »»t»»int ii i;»»:!tiii i ;;i i »; ii ; i i!ii;! i :: !; ;t! i;»ii ni ! !; i ; ;!i; »n» i mmm^ LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY. American Southern National Bank Earl S. Gwin Fidelity & Columbia Trust John W. Barr, Jr. First National Bank E. L. Swearingen National Bank of Commerce J. B. Brown National Bank of Kentucky Oscar Fenley DES MOINES, IOWA. Bankers Trust Co B. F. Kauffman Central State Bank Simon Casady Central Trust Co J. S. Rawson Des Moines National Bank Arthur Reynolds Iowa Loan & Trust Co G. B. Hippee Iowa National Bank Homer A. Miller Valley National Bank R. A. Crawford WASHINGTON, D. C. American Security & Trust Co Charles J. Bell Commercial National Bank A. G. Clapham Continental Trust Co N. B. Scott District National Bank Robert N. Harper Federal National Bank John Poole Lincoln National Bank F. E. Davis Munsey Trust Co F. A. Munsey National Bank of Washington C. F. Norment National Sav. & Trust Co W. D. Hoover Riggs National Bank Chas. C. Glover Washington Loan & Trust Co J. B. Larner INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, Commercial National Bank B. C. Downey Continental National Bank Bert McBride National City Bank J. M. Mcintosh State Sav. & Trust Co E. H. Wolcott Aetna Trust & Savings Bank George F. Quick CLEVELAND, OHIO. Cleveland Trust Co F. H. Goff First National Bank John Sherwin Hough Bank & Trust Co F. H. Haserot [277] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA nmninimimiiim i i i iimm ii iiiim i iim ii niiiiiiimiminiinii immi i iiii i iiii i ii i it mmt DETROIT, MICHIGAN. Detroit Trust Co Ralph Stone First & Old Detroit National Bank Emory W. Clark Peoples State Bank J. T. Keena Wayne County & Home Sav. Bank J. H. Haass MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. Alabama Bank & Trust Co J. L. Hall Capital National Bank B. P. Crum Exchange National Bank Michael Cody Fourth National Bank T. J. Reynolds SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. Continental National Bank J- E. Cosgriff McCornick & Co., Bankers W. S. McCornick National Bank of the Republic E. A. Culbertson DECATUR, ILLINOIS. Burtschi & Company, Bankers J. L. Burtschi Citizens National Bank A. M. Kenney Farmers & Merchants State Bank J. R. Pog^e National Bank of Decatur J. A. Meriweather Milliken National Bank Orville B. Gorin COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA. Carohna National Bank W. A. Clark National Loan & Exchange Bank E. W. Robertson Palmetto National Bank J. P. Matthews BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. First National Bank Fourth-Atlantic National Bank Merchants National Bank National Shawmut Bank Old Colony Trust Co ..H. K. Hallett . Daniel G. Wing .E. V. R. Thayer .W. A. Gaston .Philip Stockton [278] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »t«»»»»»»»» » «»:»»»»n»n!; ; »n»»» » » :i »» ; »»»i»»»»»»»»»»»»» : »»»» t »»» :«ma COLUMBUS, OHIO. National Bank of Commerce.. Hayden-Clinton National Bank Huntington National Bank. Market Exchange Bank Co. New First National Bank . . State Sav. Bank & Trust Co. Ohio National Bank . .J. C. Campbell . .W. C. Willard . .F. R. Huntington . .W. V. Baker . . Charles R. Mayers . .E. R. Sharp . . Emil Kiesewetter FELTON, DELAWARE. Felton Bank F. L. Hardesty JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. Barnett National Bank Frank Adams Florida National Bank A. F. Perry TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA. Lewis State Bank George Lewis HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. Phoenix National Bank L. P. Broadhurst CENTERVILLE, MISSOURI. Reynolds County Bank M. L. Copeland PIERRE, SOUTH DAKOTA. National Bank of Commerce Harry J. Hopkins ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND. Farmers National Bank A. W. Ewert MONTPELIER, VERMONT. Montpelier Sav. Bank & Trust Co J. W. Brock MOBILE, ALABAMA. First National Bank Henry Hall [279] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i iiniiimirv' '"" »t»n»»»»!mi!>ti!!»miii»»MM>»»iiiMiiiiiiiin»iiiiiiiimnm immm MEADOWS, ILLINOIS. Bank of Meadows D. N. Claudon CRAWFORDVILLE, GA. Bank of Crawfordville John F. Holden First State and Savings Bank Eugene Willard Montgomery ASHTON, ILLINOIS (LEE CO.). Ashton Bank N. A. Petrie Farmers State Bank W. G. Krug BENSON, ILLINOIS. The Roanoke State Bank. James Shields First State Bank F. N. Tallyn MARION CENTER, PENNSYLVANIA. Marion Center National Bank H. J. Thompson RICES LANDING, PENNSYLVANIA. Charlerio Savings & Trust Co James M. Walton CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. Commercial National Bank T. T. Hyde WILLIAMSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA. Williams Valley Bank William J. Durbin EVERETT, PENNSYLVANIA. Everett Bank George H. Gibboney First National Bank H. Frank Gump DAYTON, OHIO. Dayton National Bank S. W. Davies [280] THE VOLUNTA Y A ID OF AMERICA PORT CLINTON, OHIO. First National Bank H. B. Bredbeck Magruder Bank Co N. B. Magruder GEORGETOWN, OHIO. First National Bank Robert Cochran Peoples National Bank A. P. Roth GUTHRIE, OKLAHOMA. Oklahoma State Bank Lymon J. Gray TULSA, OKLAHOMA. Exchange National Bank E. W. Sinclair CHEROKEE, OKLAHOMA. Bank of Cherokee J. C. Beaty STUART, OKLAHOMA. First National Bank J. R. Perry Stuart State Bank J. C. Holman SALEM, OREGON. Ladd & Bush A. N. Bush HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. Harrisburg Trust Co Edward Bailey BISBEE, ARIZONA. Bank of Bisbee W. H. Brophy DOUGLAS, ARIZONA. Bank of Douglas J. S. Douglas First National Bank B. A. Packard [281] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA t » ;»ii;ii!i; »»»»i;iiii; i »» iti! i i iiin»»»«n» ; »»»»»»«nH : »»»»»»»»n»»»n;»»«» m»» READING, PENNSYLVANIA. Berks County Trust Co C. H. Ruhl Colonial Trust Co Louis F. Kraemer Farmers National Bank C. K. Whitner First National Bank George Brooke Penn National Bank A. J. Brumbach The Reading Trust Co Jeremiah G. Mohn GALENA, ILLINOIS. Galena National Bank T. R. Goldthorp Merchants National Bank T. J. Bermingham First State and Savings Bank Eugene Willard Montgomery PHOENIX, ARIZONA. Rhoenix National Bank H. J. McClung Valley Bank C. E. Mills National Bank of Arizona Emil Ganz LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS. Exchange National Bank C. A. Pratt FORT SMITH, ARKANSAS. First National Bank F. A. Handlin NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. American National Bank W. W. Berry Fourth & First National Bank J. E. Caldwell AUSTIN, TEXAS. American National Bank G. W. Littlefield Austin National Bank E. P. Wilmot RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. American National Bank . . Broadway National Bank. First National Bank Merchants National Bank. National State & City Bank .Oliver J. Sands , .H. N. Phillips .J. M. Miller, Jr. .John K. Branch .W. H. Palmer [282] THE VOLUNTARY AID t»H»»»»»«»n»» i i !i !i;ii iiiiiiiiiiiiii i»»n ii !;it i;i »t» OF AMERICA GLOBE, ARIZONA. Gila Valley Bank & Trust Co C. E. Mills PRESCOTT, ARIZONA. Prescott State Bank R. N. Fredericks TUCSON, ARIZONA. Arizona National Bank C. F. Solomon Consolidated 'National Bank Albert Steinfeld ij i tiii;;;) COLUMBIA CITY, INDIANA. Farmers Loan & Trust Co B. E. Gates Provident Trust Co H. B. Clugston First National Bank S. J. Peabody CINCINNATI, OHIO. Citizens National Bank G. P. Griffith Fifth-Third National Bank Chas. A. Hinsch Market National Bank Julius Fleischmann NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. Citizens Bank T. F. Tilghman National Bank of Commerce Nathaniel Beaman Norfolk National Bank W. A. Godwin Seaboard National Bank William T. Old Virginia National Bank J. W. Hunter BOYERTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA. National Bank of Boyertown . . . . , Farmers National Bank .E. K. Schultz .Dr. T. J. B. Rhoads TAMPA, FLORIDA. American National Bank . . Citizens Bank & Trust Co. Exchange National Bank. First National Bank First Savings & Trust Co. . .M. W. Carruth . . L. A. Bize . .A. C. Clewis . .T. C. Taliaferro . .A. C. Clewis [283] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA :« tt; t »»» i ii i tn»» i »n » »t > »»»»»«n«t»»»» t »m»t»»» i »»»mi» ; i»»»»iniiiti; i tmtnm )•<*••*«**• KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. Commerce Trust Co W. S. McLucas Drovers National Bank H. L. Jarboe, Jr. Fidelity Trust Co H. C. Flower Inter-State National Bank George S. Hovey J. R. Sutherlin & Co J. R. Sutherlin BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA. American Trust & Savings Bank W. W. Crawford Birmingham Trust & Savings Co .'Arthur W. Smith First National Bank Oscar Wells NEW HAMBURG, MISSOURI. Bank of New Hamburg C. Moenig HELENA, MONTANA. National Bank of Montana Thomas A. Marlow LINCOLN, NEBRASKA. City National Bank L. B. Howey OMAHA, NEBRASKA. Merchants National Bank Luther Drake Omaha National Bank J. H. Millard RENO, NEVADA. Reno National Bank iGeorge Wingfield CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE. First National Bank W. F. Thayer TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. Mechanics National Bank Edward C. Stokes SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO. First National Bank L. A. Hughes [284] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA »»: ; ii i »» ; »»«»»»»»»;;»»»n»»»»»»n»» »i »»:!;i;ii;i; !i i»;» ;ii ti ; »» iii iti !i ; i »»»i i ; i i»» ; BROCKPORT, NEW YORK. First National Bank T. C. Gordon State Bank of Commerce D. G. Crippen SPRING VALLEY, NEW YORK. First National Bank Geo. M. Dunlop PAWLING, NEW YORK. National Bank of Pawling J. G. Dutcher HERKIMER, NEW YORK. The First National Bank of Herkimer. .Henry G. Munger RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA. Merchants National Bank E.G. Duncan BISMARCK, NORTH DAKOTA. First National Bank C. B. Little BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. Corn Exchange Bank Jos. A. Asch MILFORD, ILLINOIS. First National Bank F. D. Vennum Citizens Bank E. S. Jones O'FALLON, MISSOURI. German-American Bank L. H. Glosemeyer Bank of O'Fallon John M. Keithly TOWANDA, PENNSYLVANIA. Citizens National Bank J. K. Newell First National Bank E. F. Kizer [285] T H E V O LU N T A R Y A I D OF A M ERICA MELROSE, MASSACHUSETTS. Melrose Trust Co E. M. Hamlin Melrose Savings Bank John Larrabee CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS. Champaign National Bank Edward Bailey Illinois Trust & Savings Bank V. W. Johnston First National Bank B. F. Harris Trevett-Mattis Banking Co 'Ross R. Mattis First University Bank D. H. Lloyde GLASGOW, MISSOURI. Bank of Glasgow F. H. Kailmeyer Peoples Bank Calib Thomas Glasgow Savings Bank William A. Meyer NEBO, ILLINOIS. First National Bank J. T. Harvey Minier Bank !T. L. Minier OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON. Capital National Bank C. J. Lord CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA. Charleston National Bank Isaac Loewenstein Union Trust Co W. O. Abney MADISON, WISCONSIN. First National Bank A. E. Proudfit CHEYENNE, WYOMING. Stock Growers National Bank A. H. Marble ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. Rochester Trust & Safe Deposit Bank. .Robert C. Watson [286] THE yOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ANCHOR, ILLINOIS. Anchor Bank Jacob Martens FREDERICK, MARYLAND. Commercial State Bank Casper E. Cline ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. Elizabethport Banking Co A. Heidritter BOONVILLE, MISSOURI. Boonville National Bank E. E. Amick Commercial Bank E. W. Chilton Farmers Bank G. A. Sombart COVINGTON, OHIO. Citizens National Bank J. W. Ruhl Ctillwater Valley Bank Co D. G. Wenrick MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA. Bank of Monterey T. J. Field First National Bank T. A. Work WHITING, INDIANA. Central State Bank William E. Vater First National Bank F.J. Smith First Trust & Savings Bank F. J. Smith Bank of Whiting William E. Schrage TOPEKA, K.\NSAS. Bank of Topeka J- R- Mulvane Central National Bank J. R. Burrow Central Trust Co J. R. Burrow Kansas Reserve State Bank F. C. Kaths [287] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i i »» ; » > n»»»»»»»»»»tm ; »«»»« ; :nt»> i;»i»!>!t i»rmtttt «mtt wm:»» :i »» t »»»»ii»»»» DOUGLAS, KANSAS. State Bank of Douglas George E. House Exchange State Bank D. P. Blood FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY. Farmers Deposit Bank John C. Noel State National Bank Charles E. Hoge BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA. Bank of Baton Rouge William J. Knox Mercantile Bank O. B. Steele AUGUSTA, MAINE. Augusta Trust Co G. E. Macomber First National Granite Bank C. S. Hichborn State Trust Co peorge W. Vickery BANGOR, MAINE. First National Bank Isaiah K. Stetson MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT. Central National Bank R. C. Markham First National Bank Earle C. Butler Middletown Trust Co R. C. Markham Middletown National Bank Francis A. Beach DELAVON, ILLINOIS. Baldwin Bank (Baldwin & Shelton) Tazwell County Bank J. W. Crabb QUINCY, ILLINOIS. Illinois State Bank Mercantile Trust & Savings Bank Ricker National Bank South Side Branch Bank State Savings Loan & Trust Co. . . Quincy National Bank J. H. Best J. L. Soebbing Edward Sohm S. B. Montgomery S. B. Montgomery W. T. Duker [288] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA t«at«tnamt:mmnttmmmmjm»«m«m«mmm«t: DENVER, COLORADO. Colorado National Bank George B. Berger Denver National Bank J. C. Mitchell ATLANTA, GEORGIA. Atlanta National Bank Robert F. Maddox Central Bank & Trust Corporation Asa G. Candler Fourth National Bank James W. English Lowry National Bank Robert J. Lowry Third National Bank Frank Hawkins CORNELIA, GEORGIA. First National Bank T. H. Little Cornelia Bank J- E. Barr BOISE, IDAHO. Boise City National Bank F. R. Coffin First National Bank of Idaho Crawford Moore National Bank of the Republic John A. Lynch Northern Trust Company Solomon A. Smith Irving Park National Bank J. A. Wadhams GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. Grand Rapids National City Bank D. E. Waters Kent State Bank Henry Idema KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN. Kalamazoo-City Savings Bank H. E. Johnson LANSING, MICHIGAN. City National Bank B. F. Davis IRONWOOD, MICHIGAN. Merchants & Miners State Bank Frank H. Kearney Gogebic National Bank D. E. Sutherland [289] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA n»» iii »i»mn»;m i im»»»n»»»»»i:mm>i » »»»t»«»»»»»»» t »i»««»«» » nt»n»nn»»w MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA. First Security & National Bank C. T. Jaffray Northwestern National Bank E. W. Decker ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA. Capital National Bank John R. Mitchell First National Bank E. H. Bailey Merchants National Bank D. S. Culver JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI. Capital National Bank Z. D. Davis Merchants Bank & Trust Co T- M. Hartfield ■i ' • [290] THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION President, Comptroller, George E. Vincent. Robert H. Kirk. Secretary, Treasurer, Edwin H. Embree. L. G. Myers. Chairman of the Board of Trustees, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. MEMBERS Wallace Buttrick Starr J. Murphy Simon Flexner John D. Rockefeller Harry E. Fosdick John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Frederick T. Gates Wickliffe Rose A. Barton Hepburn Julius Rosen wald Charles E. Hughes Martin A. Ryerson Harry Pratt Judson Frederick Strauss George E. Vincent WAR WORK OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION (October, ipi8) HE Rockefeller Foundation has taken part in relief and other war work since the very beginning of the war. Its help has been chiefly : 1. Relief for the war stricken peoples; 2. Advance in war medicine, surgery, public health ; 3. "Welfare of American soldiers and allied nations. The Foundation is at present maintaining a Commission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in France. This is an item of the general public health program which the Foundation is carrying out in many lands under the direction of its International Health Board as well as an effort to aid and relieve our Ally, France. The Foundation is also supporting research and demonstration in mod- ern war medicine and surgery both in America and in France. In [291] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA ii» ii iinMt»tt»iiiii i i ii ii» ii ii»« i t»«:»»»»»»»8 » »:»«»»»>»»:HH»« i mi:»»tnii :i i ii iiimmn the other fields it is not maintaining its own agencies but is merging its funds with those of the American Red Cross, the Y. M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, and other agencies working to improve the leisure time of the American and AUied troops. Total payments and present outstanding appropriations of the Foundation for war work from August, 1914, to September 1, 1918, exceed sixteen million dollars, amounting in total to $16,060,- 105.97. At the outbreak of the war in 1914 and during the early years before the entrance of America into the conflict, the Rockefeller Foundation administered war relief in many countries. On August 13, 1914, less than two w^eeks after the outbreak of the war, the Foundation made an appropriation which made possible the work of Dr. Alexis Carrel in studying and demonstrating methods of war surgery which have resulted in definite advances in this field. In September, 1914, before the Commission for Relief in Belgium had been organized in this country, the Foundation chartered and loaded three ships with food for Belgium, started them to Europe, and on their arrival turned over the provisions to the Commission for Relief in Belgium for distribution, thus making possible the very substantial beginnings of relief work at a time when the people of Belgium were suffering acutely from food shortage and threat- ened starvation. From 1914 until the entrance of America into the war the Foundation maintained a War Relief Commission which with head- quarters in Berne, Switzerland, assisted in the work of relief in Belgium, France, Poland, Serbia and the Near East. Up to April, 1917, this Commission had: (1) aided civilians in Belgium; (2) es- tablished homes in Switzerland for Belgian children; (3) provided stipends for certain Belgian professors exiled in England ; (4) co- operated with the Red Cross in Serbia; (5) co-operated with the Y. M. C. A. in aiding prisoners of war; (6) distributed condensed milk to Polish children; (7) through the committee on Armenian and Syrian Relief aided war sufferers in Armenia and Palestine ; (8) subsidized a research hospital under Dr. Alexis Carrel in France; (9) conducted a tuberculosis survey in France; (10) made a small contribution to the International Red Cross in Switzerland. [292] mn?,m:nnnimmnunY..m,m.m,?i.m,, ^ ^ D F AMERICA When the United States entered the war and the War Council of the American Red Cross was appointed and proceeded to develop plans for extensive relief to civilian populations as well as to the military in the several Allied countries, the Foundation withdrew its own Commission and merged its war relief funds and personnel with those of the reorganized Red Cross. Negotiations were also opened with this organization with a view to its assuming respon- sibiHty for the care of the five hundred Belgian children whom the Foundation had been maintaining in Switzerland since 1915. This policy of consolidation has been followed because in the opinion of the Trustees it is unwise to multiply independent and often overlap- ping agencies of war relief. The times call for unified, well organ- ized effort in this field. To the War Council of the American Red Cross the Founda- tion contributed to the first War Fund in 1917. $5,000,000, and to the Second Drive in 1918, $3,000,000. In addition to these contribu- tions to the war work of the Red Cross the chief war time under- takings to which the Foundation has contributed since the spring of 1917 are : (1) the support of a War Demonstration Hospital in New York City in which Army medical officers are being trained in some of the newer methods of war surgery; (2) research, serum produc- tion and training of medical officers at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research; (3) an experiment in a mobile hospital imit in- volving the principle of clinical instruction to medical students in the field; (4) anti-tuberculosis campaign in France referred to above; (5) study and work in the field of mental diseases brought on by war conditions; (6) work for the protection of the Army camps and the improvement of the leisure time of the American soldiers. To this last activity — that of protecting the camps and improv- ing the leisure time of the American and Allied soldiers — the Foun- dation has given particular attention and devoted a large amount of its resources. The Government has from the outset insisted that the National Army training camps are not to be thought of as necessary evils to be mitigated, but as positive educational institutions of immense potential value. Whereas in the past the worst elements of com- [293] THE VO LUNTARY AID OF AMERICA twmti iii »»un» i » i » u« nt i » iii i ii ii»H»»» i »»»»»»»t»«»t»»»»»»»»»»H»»»«»n»nm i nitmities have been mobilized to exploit and to debauch the soldier and sailor, today the best forces are combining to protect and bene- fit them. The co-operation of official commissions and national and local societies to provide both within and without the camps, comfort, recreation, social entertainment, educational opportunity, moral safeguards, and idealistic influences for the American forces, offers a striking example of genuine team-work. To nearly all of the units that make up this vast co-operation, the Rockefeller Founda- tion has given sums which aggregate four and a half millions, about seven percent of the total budget for the entire vindertaking. The following table enumerates the different organizations, together with the war budget of each and the amount appropriated to it by the Foundation. CAMP AND COMMUNITY WELFARE Budgets of the several organizations for the period in general from July 1, 1917, to June 1, 1918, and amounts contributed to these budgets by the Foundation. Total Contributed Organization Budget by R. F. Y. M. C. A $50,000,000 $3,500,000 Y. W. C. A 5,000,000 650,000 Jewish Camp Welfare 1,000,000* 100,000 knights of Columbus 2,000,000t 100,000 Camp Community Fund (Recreation Association) 4,000,000 220,000 Training Camps Commission 150,000$ 75,000 Special work with Commission of American Social Hygiene Associa- tion, etc 153,000** 125,000 S62.3 03,000 $4,770,000 •Part of a much larger general war fund raised by the Jewish Committee. The Foundation's gift was specilically to the camp work feature of that fund. tThis figure includes only subscriptions in 1917. The Knights of Columbus war work budget to the end of 1918 totals $7,500,000. To this enlarged budget the Foundation has in 1918 made an additional contribution. I i JNot including $750,000 appropriated by Congress. **This does not include services of men in many cases contributed to this work by societies with which they are connected. [294] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA i»»n»n»>»»«t»tH»»»» ; »i»t tii :»»H»»»»»»»tnn»»»! i »t» i »»»m i » ii n»i»mm»i>nitu. The war work which the Foundation is at present carrying on directly in medicine and surgery and in pubHc health (Tuberculosis Control in France), referred to above, may be briefly outlined : In the field of war surgery and medicine the Rockefeller Insti- tute for Medical Research has rendered service with the aid of Foundation funds. During the summer of 1917 a portable military base hospital with a capacity of seventy beds was erected on the grounds of the Institute in New York City. This hospital is com- pletely equipped with operating-room, laboratories, kitchen and laundry. It is built in sections and can be taken down and moved on motor trucks to any site. It embodies the features which French and British experience has proven to be essential in a base hospital. In this group of buildings the Carrel-Dakin method of sterilizing wounds by periodic irrigation with a germ-destroying fluid is being demonstrated. This procedure was elaborated by Dr. Carrel and his staff in a special hospital at Compiegne in France, the expenses of which were met by the Foundation. The hospital received its first patient on July 29, 1917. Since that time it has been in con- stant operation. It has drawn its patients chiefly from civilians who have suflfered street or industrial accidents, but it has also re- ceived a number from the Army and Navy. To the War Hospital, to the Institute Laboratories and to the Institute Hospital, medical officers of the Army and Navy are being officially sent for study and experience. These men fall into three groups : one which devotes itself to war surgery, a second which studies bacteriology in the laboratories, and a third which is in- structed in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the hos- pital of the Institute. Stress is laid upon the Carrel-Dakin method and upon the treatment of pneumonia, meningitis, and gas gan- grene with respect to which members of the Institute have made important discoveries. The preparation of serums by the Institute and the distribu- tion of these to the Government hospitals have constituted another Foundation-supported contribution to the war. The chief serums which have been supplied to the American Army and in smaller quantities to other Allied Armies have been those to combat menin- gitis, pneumonia and dysentery. [ 295 ] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA In the tuberculosis work in France, steps have been taken slowly, in constant conference with French authorities, medical men and public spirited citizens and in closest working agreement with the American Red Cross. In this work the Foundation is : (1) main- taining dispensary systems as demonstrations of modern public health work in the Nineteenth Arrondissement in Paris, as typical of congested urban conditions, and in the Department of Eure et boir as typical of rural conditions ; (2) giving assistance to French organizations which undertake definite campaigns against this dis- ease ; (3.) conducting a wide educational campaign by traveling ex- hibits, stereoptican slides, motion picture films, illustrated post- cards, pamphlets, material for use in the schools, posters and news- paper articles; (4) maintaining nurses' training courses, attended by students many of whom are receiving scholarships also furnished by the Commission. The policy of the Rockefeller Foundation in all of its war work has been to co-operate wherever possible with existing organiza- tions that are attempting comprehensive work, to avoid duplication of activity and to carry on work through its own agencies only where no existing organization was able to cover the field or where the experience and personnel of the Foundation would seem to make it of particular service, as in the case of public health work under- taken in France. [296] LORD ROBERTS MEMORIAL WORKSHOPS FUND (For Disabled Soldiers 6C Sailors) INCORPORATED SOLDIERS & SAILORS HELP SOCIETY PATRONS His Majesty, The King. Her Majesty, The Queen. Chairman, Major Gen. The Rt. Hon. Lord Cheylesmore, K.C.V.O., (Permanent President of all Courts Martial.) OFFICERS The Rt. Hon. Sir Frederick Milner, Baronet, P.C. Major Tudor Craig (Member London War Pensions Committee). Hon. Treasurer and Organiser in America, H. Keen-Hargreaves, Esq. This fund is for the purpose of creating workshops to teach the incapacitated soldier a trade, thereby making him independent of charity. [297] oAndrew Carnegie XN view of one of the world's greatest philanthropists not being officially mentioned in this volume, which is perhaps due to the fact that the benevolent spirit of this grand old benefactor speaks through his own organization, this is in rec- ognition of the boundless humane work done by the Carnegie Foundation [298] JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE of the AMERICAN FUNDS FOR JEWISH WAR SUFFERERS Representing: American Jewish Relief Committee, Central Relief Committee, People's Relief Committee Chairman, Treasurer, Felix M. Warburg. Arthur Lehman. Associate Treasurer, Secretary, Paul Baerwald. Albert Lucas. HIS committee was formed for the purpose of dis- tributing- the money which is collected from the Jews in America by the American Jewish Relief Committee, The Central Relief Committee, and The People's Re- lief Committee. One of the principal aims of this organization is to send help to their suffering brethren and forward remittances from individuals in America to their relatives abroad. A branch committee has been formed in Holland to carry out instructions received from the Joint Distribution Committee in America, and to appropriate the money forwarded to it by this committee among the various cities and towns in the occupied ter- ritories and elsewhere. THE JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE Cyrus Abler Fulton Brylawski Sholem Asch Harry Cutler Paul Baerwald Samuel Dorf Meyer Berlin Abram I. Elkus Stanley Bero Morris Engelman Jacob Billikopf Boris Fingerhood David M. Bressler Harry Fischel David A. Brown Lee K. Frankel [299] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA J. Walter Freiberg Harry Friedenwald Meyer Gillis Moses J. Gries Mrs. Janet Simmons Harris Isidore Hershfield Emil G. Hirsch J. G. Joseph Alexander Kahn Leon Kamaiky Louis E. Kirstein Nathan Krass Albert D. Lasker Arthur Lehman Herbert H. Lehman E. W. Lewin-Epstein Meyer London Miss Harriet B. Lowenstein Albert Lucas Julian W. Mack Judah L. Magnes M. S. Margolies Louis Marshall Joseph Michaels Henry Morgenthau Samuel Philipson Otto A. Rosalsky. Julius Rosenwald Morris Rothenberg Leon Sanders Jacob H. Schiff Moses Schoenberg Mrs. Abram Simon Nathan Straus Oscar S. Straus Cyrus Sulzberger Meyer Sulzberger Aaron Teitelbaum Isaac M. Ullman Felix M. Warburg A. Leo Weil Jacob Wertheim Harris Weinstock Peter Wiernik Stephen S. Wise Baruch Zuckerman [300] THE AMERICAN CHOCOLATE FUND FOR U. S. EXPEDITIONARY FORCES IN FRANCE HIS Organization sends chocolates as a free gift from the American people to the U. S. Expeditionary Forces in France and supplies 50 pounds of emer- gency ration of chocolate to the U. S. S. C.'s and Scout boats leaving our ports. Honorary President, Miss Ida M. Tarbell. President, Mrs. Forrest B. Royal. Executive Secretary, Miss Gertrude H. Behr. Honorary Vice-President, Mrs. Arthur Curtis James. Treasurer, Mrs. Archibald M. Reid. Counsel, Mr. Addison A. Van Tine. ADVISORY BOARD Mrs. Richard L. Beckwith Mrs. F. Ashton De Peyster Mrs. Nina Larrey Duryea Mrs. Guy Emerson Mrs. John Grier Hibben Mrs. Francis H. Holmes Mrs. Otto H. Kahn Mrs. Walter E. Lambert Mrs. D. Randall Mac Iver Mrs. Edward La Montagne Mrs. I. N. Lewis Mrs. a. Maclay Pentz Mrs. Mahlon Pitney Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Philip Ruxton W. Prentice Sanger L. H. Shearman Percy H. Stewart Charlotte R. Stillman Edward T. Stotesbury Samuel F. Streit Henry W. Taft Wm. Ambrose Taylor Stewart J. Thomson Wm. M. Vermilye Lillian Wald Kenneth E. Weeks [301] AMERICAN ARTISTS' COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED CO-OPERATING WITH LA FRATERNITE DES ARTISTES, PARIS; M. LEON BONNAT, President RELIEF FUND FOR THE FAMILIES OF FRENCH SOLDIER-ARTISTS [HE American Artists Committee was formally organ- ized on September 25, 1914, for the purpose of giving aid to War Sufferers in France. Anticipating the need of help after the close of the war, the committee has adopted a plan whereby an income is to be ob- tained until 1922 through contributions made in October of each year. Chairman, William A. Coffin, N. A., Honorary President of La Fraternite des Artistes. Treasurer and General Secretary, Vice-chairmen, y^^ Bailey Faxon, A. N. A., Herbert Adams, P N. A., president American Fine Arts Society. National Sculpture Society. Cass Gilbert, N. A., American Institute of Architects. Chairman, William A. Coffin, N. A. Treasurer, Wm. Bailey Faxon, A. N. A. Secretaries, William H. Hyde, A. N. A. DeWitt M. Lockman, A. N. A EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Herbert Adams, P. N. A. John FlanagAn, A. N. A. Francis C. Jones, N. A. William B. Van Ingen Robert Vonnoh, N. A. Charles C. Curran, N. A. William R. Derrick [302] BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY FOUNDED 1870. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1908. THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM IN ENGLAND JOINT WAR COMMITTEE Chairman, The Hon. Arthur Stanley, C.B., M.V.O., M. P. Vice-Chairinan, Col. Sir Herbert Charles Perrott, Bt., C.B. BRITISH HORSEMAN'S RED CROSS FUND Hon. Treasurer and Organiser in America. H. Keen-Hargreaves, Esq. The British Horseman's Red Cross Fund was founded for the purpose of creating a special fund to be supported by those per- sons interested in the horse. [303] DURYEA WAR RELIEF (Secours Dutyea) ACCREDITED BY THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT I HE Duryea War Relief was founded by Mrs. Nina Larrey Duryea at Dinard, France, immediately after the outbreak of hostilities in August, 1914. Later as the work became systematized and received the ofifi- cial recognition of the French Government, its head- quarters were removed to Paris. It is now established at 11 rue Louis-le-Grand in quarters loaned by the Viscount de Saint-Seine. An American office has been opened in New York and there are sixty-five participating units throughout the United States. Over 63,000 persons have received aid. Before February, 1915, Mrs. Duryea had distributed more than 40,000 articles in the northwest of France. From February 1, 1915, proportionately the same amount was distributed direct through the Clearing House, the Secours National, the Oeuvre des Beiges, the Comite des Refugees du Nord, the Queen of the Belgians, and also to the Dardenelles, Serbia, Poland and France. The working routine of the Paris Depot is as follows : During the morning cases from America are unpacked, their contents listed, sorted, and made ready for distribution direct to the refu- gees, who come to the Depot between two and five in the afternoon. The authenticity of these refugees is guaranteed by the most reli- able organizations in Paris, to whom we issue monthly cards, each of which represents a family of not more than five persons. On each card is exacted the name, address, sex and age of each person and the name of the Committee guaranteeing the need of the bearer. [304] THF.^ yOLUNTAR^Y^^^^^ A^ID OF A M E R I C^ A^ Mrs. Robert McCormick, of the Paris Executive Committee, has opened and personally supports an "ouvroir," where materials are made into especially needed clothing to supplement American donations. Mrs. George Rose has opened a work room at our New York offices, where volunteer sewers make clothing to supply pressing needs. PARIS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Mr. Emile Bruguieres, Mrs. Laurence V. Benet, Chairman; Mrs. Joseph B. Ecclesine, Miss Lilian Franklin, Mrs. Spalding De Garmendia, Mr. Spalding De Garmendia, Mr. Herbert Howland, Mrs. Robert McCormick, Mrs. T. H. McCarthy, Mrs. Hobart Tuttle. PARIS STAFF: Miss Antoinette Almirall, Mile. Bauchesne, Mrs. Laurence V. Benet, Mrs. John Bennett, Mrs. Crawford Burton, Madame de la Croix, Mrs. Joseph Ecclesine, Miss Katherine Barton, French, Mrs. Spalding de Garmendia, Mrs. Charles S. Gaskell, Miss Edith Gillingham, Miss Mildred Harbeck Miss Roswell, Hawley, Mrs. Thomas Johnson, Miss Dorothy Kane, H.R.H. Princess Vera of Montenegro, Mrs. Robert McCormick, Mrs. Robert McKinstry, Miss Nina Nation, Miss Isabel O'Connor, Miss Elizabeth Potter, Mrs. Vyse Raborf, Miss Jessie Rankin, Miss Lisa Stillman, Miss Lydia Taber, Mrs. Hobart Tuttle, Mile. Suzanne Verron, Mile. Renee Wasserman, Miss Weatherston, Miss Frances Williams, Miss Alice Woodfin, Mrs. Eugenia Young. GENERAL COMMITTEE Mrs. William Alexander, Pres. National Special Aid Society. Mrs. James P. Andrews, Pres. Hartford Relief Committee, Connecticut. Mrs. Alexander J. Cassatt, Pres. Emergency Aid Committee, Philadelphia. Mrs. Archibald' Hopkins, Pres. Surgical Dressings Committee, Washington. Mrs. Walter E. Lambert, Pres. Junior War Relief Society, New York. Mrs. George Wharton Pepper, Pres. American Ambulance, Philadelphia. Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson, Pres. French Relief Committee, Philadelphia. Mrs. James M. Beck Mrs. George Biddle [305] imnn»mn»» » »Y»n i ;Trt i fn : J«;n»»»m»»»»;»m^ Mr. Robert L. Burton Mrs. Percival Manchester Mrs. Kenyon B. Conger Mrs. Wilbur K. Mathews Miss Rebekah Crawford Mrs. James Lowell Putnam Miss Louise Falconer , Mrs. Ernest Peixotto Mrs. Henry Middleton Fisher Mrs. Charles Elliot Warren Mrs. Harrold Gillinhham Mrs. Charles Howland Wesson Mrs. Garret A. Hobart Miss Frances Wharton President Auditors Mrs. Nina Larrey Duryea Haskins & Sells Assistant Treasurer Treasurer Mrs. Frances Seaver Lt. Col. Charles Elliot Warren. Vice-Presidents Mrs. Charles H. Ditson Mrs. J. Borden Harriman Mrs. Seth Barton French Secretary Executive Secretary Miss Margaret French Mrs. Cora O. Worms NEW YORK EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mrs. H. Hobart Porter, Chairman Mrs. James Watson Benton Mrs. Cora O. Worms Mrs. Charles H. Ditson Mr. Kenyon B. Conger Miss Margaret French Mr. Richard E. Forrest Mrs. Edward La Montagne Mr. Donald Harper Mrs. George Rose Mr. Louis H. Hosmer Mrs. Frances Seaver Mr. Howard N. Potter Mrs. Edward Shearson Mr. David Willard [306] NATIONAL ALLIED RELIEF COMMITTEE (Incorporated Under the Laws of the State of New York) HONORARY PATRONS The Right Honorable The Earl Italian Ambassador to the United States OF Reading, G.C.M.G., His Excellency E. de Cartier, British Ambassador to the Belgian Minister to the United States. United States. Dr. Charles W. Eliot. His Excellency Count V. Macchi Di Cellere, N June, 1917, the National Allied Relief Committee issued a statement covering its activities since its f^LyUf^l organization in July, 1915. At that time the amount *i»Af/jSlB^y^ collected by the Committee for foreign relief had just passed the million dollar mark, and it was estimated that the National Allied Relief Committee and the Committees working in close co-operation with it had together been instrumen- tal in raising some $10,000,000 for Allied relief. Since that time the sum raised by these Committees has been largely increased. The activities of these Committees in addition to raising this large amount of money undoubtedly helped to stimulate public opinion in the United States in favor of the Allies by bringing home to the American people the merciless and brutal methods of warfare em- ployed by the Central Powers. The Committees were not handi- capped by any efforts to maintain neutrality in arousing sympathy and collecting money for the sufferers of the Allied nations, and the men and women who freely gave their time and money to the organization and work of these Committees may well feel proud of the results achieved. [307] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF A MERICA ii i t»i»i»»»tuttm»n»»n«»»»»n»«»»i»»»»»n»«»»»m iii i i: »mt » «tt»m»»»» »iiii» »H i OFFICERS Chairman, Mr. Edwin G. Merrill. Vice-Chairman, Mr. John Moffat. Secretary, Mr. Augustus W. Kelley. Auditor, Mr. James Marwick. Treasurer, Mr. James A. Blair, Jr. Depositories, Union Trust Co., New York. Lee, Higginson & Co., Boston. DIRECTORS Mr. Frederick R. Coudert Mr. I. Tucker Burr Mrs. William Astor Chanler Mrs. Atherton Mr. James Marwick Mr. William W. Miller Mr. a. Kinnaird Tod Mrs. Herbert Bayard Swope Mrs. Charles B. Alexander Mrs. Benjamin Guinness Mr. Augustus W. Kelley Mr. John Moffat Mrs. Walter E. Maynard Mrs. Newbold LeRoy Edgar Mrs. Barclay H. Warburton Governor Charles S. Whitman Mrs. William Payne Thompson Mr. Norman Hapgood Miss Katherine Bement Davis Mrs. Charles H. Marshall Mrs. Maurice Kozminski Mr. Edwin G. Merrill Mr. Finley J. Shepard Mr. Henry J. Whigham Mr. Louis Wiley MASSACHUSETTS COMMITTEE Advisory Committee, , Mr. Moorfield Storey, Miss Frances R. Morse Honorary President. Mr. W. K. Richardson Rev. George A. Gordon, D.D. Mrs. Winthrop Sargent Rev. Alexander Mann, D.D. Mrs. Quincy A. Shaw Mr. Henry L. Higginson Mr. Henry S. Howe Miss Ellen F. Mason Mrs. Fiske Warren Mrs. S. D. Warren General Committee, Mr. Henry D. Sleeper Miss Elinor Quincy Miss Fanny P. Mason Prof. Roger B. Merriman Miss Grace B. Monks Mr. Charles B. Perkins Dr. Morton Price Mrs. Josef Adamowski Mrs. Larz Anderson Mrs. Timothee Adamowski Mrs. J. G. Bradley Mrs. Arthur T. Cabot Miss Mary Coffin [308] T H E VOL UNTARY AID OF AMERICA Mr. C. Claflin Davis Mr. M. S. Greenough Mrs. John W. Elliot Mrs. George Cabot Lodge Mrs. Charles H. Fiske, Jr. Mrs. Robert W. Lovett Mrs. Robert Grant EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mr. Boylton A. Beal Mr. Hervey E. Wetzel Mr. Ralph Adams Cram Mr. I. Tucker Burr, Chairman Rev. p. Revere Frothingham Mr. Edward M. Pickman, Secretary Mrs. Barrett Wendell After the United States entered the war in April, 1917, and particularly after the President appointed a War Council for the American National Red Cross to adapt that organization to the tremendously increased opportunities for service, it became eviden' that there was no longer need for many of the Committees tha' had been organized to raise money for the relief of the Allies. The great success of the First Red Cross Drive for $100,000,000 in June, 1917, made it clear that the American people were awake to the needs for money in larg'e amounts in order to alleviate distress and suffering. The members of the National Allied Relief Committee realized the changed situation, and took steps to adapt its work to the new conditions. During the summer of 1917 an appeal on behalf of the sufferers in that part of France which had then been recently evacuated by the Germans brought in about $100,000, thereby showing that many contributors were still glad to have an oppor- tunity to give money for specific uses, but it was evident that the time had come to eliminate a great many of the money-raising Committees in order to prevent confusion in the minds of the pub- lic, and in order to concentrate all efforts upon the larger needs. After the conclusion of "Hero Land," the bazaar which achieved so great a success in the early winter of 1917, and in which nearly all of the recognized Committees took part, the Na- tional Allied Relief Committee completed arrangements to amal- gamate with itself a number of the Committees that had been working in co-operation. In January, 1918, the National Allied Relief Committee was incorporated under the laws of the State of [309] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA t»w»»i i i»mmn n nn;m«i»i iiiit m m t ti ti»MM ^M'ii!it m tiiiiiiiiiittt m ? m i t » tt;ti » tiiit » tiii » ii New York relating to charitable associations, and took over the activities of the following Committees which had previously been appealing for funds for themselves : Committee of Mercy. League of the Allies. Wynne-Bevan Ambulance (formerly American Italian War Relief Committee). Le Bien Etre du Blesse. Relief of Belgian Prisoners in Germany. Charities of the Queen of the Belgians. Special sub-committees of the National Allied Relief Com- mittee were appointed to look after the particular interests of Le Bien Etre du Blesse, the ReHef of Belgian Prisoners in Germany and the Charities of the Queen of the Belgians, and a special com- mittee was also appointed to take charge of appeals for the Milli- cent Sutherland Ambulance, which had been receiving some money from America through private subscriptions, and also from the funds of the Allied Bazaars in New York, Boston and Chicago and other entertainments. The Committee of Mercy and the League of the Allies had been raising money for general relief purposes along lines similar to those of the National AUied Relief Committee, while the other Committees had been appealing for funds to be sent direct to well- organized Committees in Europe. In taking over the work of these Committees, it was understood that the National Allied Re- lief Committee would send out appeals from time to time in sup- port of the European Committees formerly represented by them. At the time the National AUied Relief Committee, Incorpor- ated, succeeded to the activities of the National Allied Relief Com- mittee and the other Committees named above, the amounts raised by the following Committees since their organization, eliminating inter-committee grants, had been as follows : [310] AMERICA Organized. Name op Committee. Total Receipts. July, 1915— National Allied Relief Committee $1,155,835.61 September, 1914— Committee of Mercy 2,192,107.50 January, 1917— League of the Allies 177,009.03 August, 1917 — ^Wynne-Bevan Ambulance (Amer- ican-Italian War Relief Committee) 479.50 November, 1916— Le Bien Etre du Blesse 73,480.01 February, 1916 — Relief for Belgian Prisoners in Germany 79,854.92 February, 1916 — Charities of the Queen of the Bel- gians 24,075.37 Total $3,702,841.94 The total cost of raising this money including all expense for circularization and for administration was about eleven cents on the dollar. Since its incorporation, the National Allied Relief Committee has made appeals for funds chiefly in behalf of the European Com- mittee represented on its Board of Directors whose purpose lay somewhat outside of the scope of Red Cross activities. In addition to these appeals, circulars have been sent, out on behalf of the Chelsea War Refugees Fund organized to aid Belgian Refugees in England ; the London Motor Transport Volunteer Ser- vice, the Imperial Association for Assisting Disabled Naval and Military Officers, the Allied Home for Women Munition Workers, and the American Women's War Relief Fund. In the reorganization of the Committee its officers have been in close touch with the Committee on Co-operation between the Red Cross and other societies, of which Mr. C. A. Coffin, of New York, is Chairman, and we are confident that their endeavor to simplify existing conditions among outside relief organizations met with the entire approval of that Committee, and they will en- deavor to make the future activities of the Committee acceptable to them and not open to criticism by the Red Cross. [311] NATIONAL SECURITY LEAGUE ' HE National Security League was organized and in- corporated in New York, December 1, 1914, in re- sponse to a call issued by S. Stanwood Menken, Herbert Barry, George Haven Putnam, Lawrence F. Abbott, J. Mayhew Wainwright, Charles E. Lydecker and Franklin Q. Brown. Immediately after this organization, a campaign was conduc- ted to bring to the American people a realization of our lack of national defense and it was largely through the efforts of the League that Congress enacted measures strengthening the Armj^ and Navy. As soon as the United States declared war against Germany the League undertook to bring to the American people better un- derstanding of the issues involved in the war and the direct per- sonal interest of each individual in its vigorous and successful prose- cution. A campaign of patriotic education was inaugurated and is being conducted upon a broad scale. State-wide speaking cam- paigns have been held in New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Ken- tucky and many other states while plans are now in progress in twenty-four states. Nearly one thousand eminent men have volun- teered their services' as speakers. Co-operation has been secured from over one hundred colleges and universities and many State Councils of Defense, while Federal and State officials are giving their support to the movement. Enormous quantities of literature clearly explaining why the United States is in the war are being distributed throughout the [312] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA :»»»» i »» i »»» t tH»»H» t »»»»» t «H»m«»t«»««;«K»«»»»»t»t»»t»«t8 i »i»«»mttTmni country. The League is also giving practical assistance to the Food Administration Bureau and the Liberty Loan Committee and has also been instrumental in forming Home Defense Leagues in many important cities. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES Honorary President, Elihu Root (Joseph H. Choate was Honorary President, from date of organization until his death, May 14, 1917.) Honorary Vice-President, Alton B. Parker. President, S. Stanwood Menken. Vice-Presidents, George Wharton Pepper, Philadel- phia. George Von L. Meyer, Boston. WiLLET M. Spooner, Milwaukee. Luke E. Wright, Memphis. Franklin Q. Brown, New York. Secretary, Herbert Barry. Treasurer, Edward H. Clark. Chairman Board of Directors, Charles E. Lydecker. Chairman Finance Committee, Alexander J. Hemphill. Executive Secretary, Henry L. West. DIRECTORS Franklin Q. Brown Charles E. Lydecker H. H. Chamberlin C. Willing Hare Albert B. Hart, Mass. H. B. Harris Chase Mellen Lawrence F. Abbott Henry L. Stimson EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Lawrence F. Abbott, N. Y. Robert Bacon, N. Y. Robert L. Bacon, N. Y. Herbert Barry, N. Y. Karl H. Behr, N. Y. Franklin Q. Brown, N. Y. George M. Brown, Mo. H. H. Chamberlin, Mass. Edward H. Clark, N. Y. 'Percy H. Clark, Pa. Wm. S. Ellis, Pa. Henry W. Farnam, Conn. D. J. Haff, Mo. Edward Harding, N. Y. C. Willing Hare, Pa. Hayden B. Harris, N. Y. John Grier Hibben, N. J. W. H. Hobbs, Mich. Geo. S. Hornblower, N. Y. Charles E. Lydecker, N. Y. Robert M. McElroy, N. J. Chase Mellen, N. Y. [313] THE VOLUNTARY AID OF AMERICA S. Stanwood Menken, N. Y. H. H. Merrick, 111. ■Ralph D. Mershon, N. Y. Manton B. Metcalf, N. J. George Von L. Meyer, Mass. Thomas F. Moran, Ind. Guy Murchie, Mass. John T. Pratt, N. Y. Raymond B. Price, N. Y. Franklin Remington, N. Y. Nathan Smyth, N. Y. Luke E. Willet M. Spooner, Wise. Philip B. Stewart, Colo. Lewis B. Stillwell, N. Y. Henry L. Stimson, N. Y. Lloyd Taylor, N. Y. August H. Vogel, Wise. Frederic C. Walcott, N. Y. G. Creighton Webb, N. Y. William H. Wiley, N. Y. Henry A. W. Wood, N. Y. Arthur Woods, N. Y. Wright, Tenn. [3141 KOLOPHON N preparing and publishing the Voluntary Aid of America my aim has been to ci"eate a permanent record of authenticated relief / XWj/Jl^Ki^^ groups which have been formed during the Great World War. ^iiTliVjlX^ry^ The volume, confining itself deliberately to its chosen field, makes no pretense to supply the war biography of individuals. My one endeavor has been to safeguard to posterity, as far as may be in a single volume, the purposes and personnel of the organizations which have borne the burden of relief work and to do this in the most concise way consistent with accuracy and requisite information. Every effort has been made to secure such accuracy. The data relating to each organization has been supplied and verified by its own respon- sible representative. I am, therefore, indebted to the officers of these bodies for their co-operation, and thank them, herewith. My thanks are further due to Messrs. Doubleday Page & Co., for their cour- tesy in permitting the reproduction in these pages of important matter on which these gentlemen hold the copyright; to H. Keen Hargreaves, Esq., who was first to suggest the work, and who is responsible for the collection of data necessary for it ; also to Dr. Vernon Kellogg, who has furnished me with facts concerning the Belgian Relief work, and, to Miss Ada Sterling, formerly associate editor with Messrs. Harper Bros., for valued research into the origin of today's expression of great voluntary aid which appears in the Foreword of this volume. I furthermore am indebted to the honorable gentlemen whose photographs appear herein, for the courtesy of permitting me to reproduce them. The book goes out with a regret that it cannot include the names of an even greater number of the hosts who have come to humanity's aid during the most stressful period of the world's history, and with the hope that it may prove an enduring record of human kindness. Jefferson Williams. Nezv York, December the ninth, Nineteen hundred and eighteen. [ 31S ] BOOK PUBLISHERS' PRESS, NEW YORK iiifts I ;l j<.fU^.jal 'mW' II lU I il! I . i pjl wthliii'i III] !'!!', it iff i 1||.]5,|H>MI , . ; /, ■t;:H 'i'M' 'i 'I'ij ill jlj) ,yHii^?,liit-lU