C2, 3Z£3 £>tate College of agrfculture St Cornell tHntbecKitp atbaca, ^. $. ILibrarp Cornell University Library SB 191.B2B3 Barley experiments of the Bath and West 3 1924 000 349 120 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000349120 BAKLEY EXPEEIMENTS BATH AND WEST OF ENGLAND SOCIETY SOUTHEEN COUNTIES ASSOCIATION, 1887. EEPOET OF EXPEEIMENTAL COMMITTEE By Mr. KNOLLYS. CHEMICAL EEPOET By Dk. VOELCKEE. THE PEACTIOAL OUTCOME By Sir T. D. ACLAND. REPRINTED, BY PERMISSION, FROM THE JOURN^AL OF THE BATIl AND WEST OF ENGLAND AND SOUTHERN COONTIES ASSOCIATION. VOL. XIX.— THIRD SERIES. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. 1888. BARLEY EXPERIMENTS op THE BATH AND WEST OF ENGLAND SOCIETY AND SOUTHERN COUNTIES ASSOCIATION. Barley Expei-iments. Report of the Experimental Committee. By J. E. KnOLLYS, Chairman of the Committee. The main work of the Experimental Committee in the year 1887 has been the arrangement and conduct of a series of experiments on the effects of certain artificial manures upon the growth, yield, and quality of Barley. The remarkable results recorded in the account of the Norfolk Experiments of 1886, as arising from the use of potash in connection with nitrogenous manures on Mr. Cooke's Farm at Flitcham, near Lynn, made it evidently desirable to ascertain whether in some of the districts traversed by this Society bene- ficial results from potash might not be also obtained. The Norfolk Experiments were also carried out on two other farms, upon soils differing from that at Flitcham, and on these the effects of potash, when used with other manures, was dis- tinctly advantageous, though not to the marvellous extent obtained on Mr. Cooke's land (see Postcript, p. 78). The Committee, therefore, after consideration of the Report of the Norfolk Experiments, and upon consultation with Dr. Voelcker, determined to make experiment on the barley crop of 1887, with the manures and quantities per acre, as shown in the Table (p. 4). Two plots K, and N, in each experimental field were arranged ^lo be left without any manure, and the arrangement of the plots in every case was as in the following diagram : — Report of the Experimental Committee. H. I. K. L. M. N. s i ^ 05 i^ (A fi^ i Ph oji mmo ■phos tash. o 4^1 o 1 I& CD . Nitrate of So Mineral Supei Muriate of Po Sulphate of A IMineral Supei Muriate of Po 1 1 -*^ o £ & E= CO & -tf & S E= S E: H*" " o o o "■".^ rH (MOW l-H (MMW I-* C^J It will be observed that comparisons were thus instituted — (a.) Between the addition of potash in plots H, and I, and its omission in plot M. (J.) A comparison of the relative efficiency of nitrate of soda, and sulphate of ammonia by plots H and I. (c.) A comparison by plot L, of the effect of guano in plot L, with the manures used in H, and I. (c?.) A test of the advantage or otherwise of any or all of these treatments of the manured plots by a com- parison of the value of their produce with that of the two unmanured plots K and N, The object of the experiments was stated to be " To ascertain what artificial manures can be most advantageously used for the production of a full crop of barley. " 1. After roots drawn from the land. " 2. After wheat or other corn crop. " 3. On land in any other state requiring manure." Six plots having been thus arranged for trial in each experi- mental field, the Committee sought for offers of suitable land and co-operation from landowners and tenant farmers interested in the subject, and especially from those who had kindly carried out the wheat experiments of the preceding year. In reply to this invitation the Committee received over thirty offers of land, and experiments were ultimately arranged, and have been kindly carried out by the gentlemen whose names are given in the tabular statement on pp. 6 and 7, in which the situation and soil of the several experimental fields is shortly described. The quality of barley is so material a feature in estimating Report of the Experimental Committee. 5 the value of a barley crop, that it was arranged to have samples of the produce of every plot sent to the Secretary's Office for valuation on the same day, that it might be seen by com- parison with the samples from the unmanured plots whether the use of these manures affected the sample injuriously or otherwise. This work of valuation, no slight one, there being over 180 samples, was kindly undertaken, and very carefully carried out on the 9th of November, by Mr. J. D. Taylor, of Twerton, near Bath, and Mr. W. J. Brown of Box, near Bath, to whom the best thanks of the Committee are due for their valuable services.* For the calculation of gain or loss by the use of manure, the prices of the head corn were fixed on the 9th of November, in the manner before explained ; the tail corn has been calculated at an uniform value of 19«. per quarter, and the straw at 30s. per ton.f The cold and dry spring checked the growth of barleys generally, but, as will be seen from notes appended to the return of each experiment, rains in every instance fell soon after the application of the manures, while a general rainfall at the end of May and beginning of June had a most beneficial effect upon the barley's growth. These rains appear to have been quite sufficient to render the manures effective, and the reports of the appearance of the crops, on the barley coming into ear, bore distinct testimony to the more advanced state and superiority of the plots which had received the manures. But the long drought which set in after the beginning of June, and with little exception continued throughout the summer, caused premature and uneven ripening, especially on thin soils, and in the majority of cases materially reduced the yield per acre. The peculiarities of this season (1887) have therefore rendered the results of these experiments less conclusive than if conducted in a season of ordinary character, but it must not, on that account, be assumed that the effect of the season has been en- tirely unfavourable to the manured plots ; on the contrary, there are indications in several instances that the start which the manured plots obtained was of especial service this season in * Owing to the samples being taken before the barley had its " sweat," and the difficulty of cleaning up small quantities, it is probable that the bulk lias in many cases made a higher price than that put on the sample on the 9th November, and if so, the gain by the use of manures will have been a little more than that stated. —J. E. K. + For convenience of calculation, odd pounds' weight of the tail corn have been taken at id. per lb. Report of the Experimental Committee. 3 o r^ O m 4) ^ » ,£! ^5 6 O m 1^ » fM CO CtH M O -1 w M a -x ^ an fl (* tlO H •S tA a Ci| H < H Oi § > ^ •3 CD 1 o -a 1 a a 1 1- 3 a" o bo a 'i 1 1 (5 -a 13 p 1 -a 3 c3 R 3 3 -a d 2 a; a S >- >■ a w Pi OD -S B O rO P O •C I -t, a § CD o B 'JD f§ f^ Is =3 ' 1 ^ 1 j in ii ■c P c e E e ,i: c c O ■^ o 1 = 1 8 O 1 CD 1 CD CS5 1 _c w 1 e a C 'a 13 OS li IJ H P -a O .2 i > c E "» i^ a- ^ E3 ^ ^ CD QJ H aq pq w ^ fq PC m H |2i !2i 121 ^ 2 t _ ' ■ O o ta a 4S -rj 1g ^ § CD w 5H "^ r/ Ph -si ^ P CD M <1 . ^ <) C M - ^ OJ g W O g pq I; o 6 c s . o . O 1 'a o o 6 o s H 1-4 ^H ;. ^ ^ ?H •-' ^ ^ ^ Ih .• ^ .• • s F=i ^ a i^ tq t^^ s % 3 g S s S s ^ i 1 Report of the Experimental Committee. o _l 1 g 'S ^ r^ a b CD s h3 C5 C5 4 1— ( 1— 1 o I— 1 — o . > w O CM ID O 1— 1 CO 1— ( CM I— 1 1— 1 S3E 1^1 CO CO o CO o 1^ CD . . CO - . CD - - ;i'0 ■* o p; rH o O QO ^ CO CD rH l^ w CM r-l CO IT- CO CM 'J' CD -H CD CO (M CO tH i-H CO iM O CO (M CI -H C^l 00 CM r-- 1— I CO Ir QJ ^ M III O t-. Sis ^1 CO O o : CO 1-1 IM § o M gas .2 ■ i s^ a Q.« III 3 O o - o S - M hH M ^ <^ ^ Report of the Experimental Committee. ]5 o 00 6 '^ h^ ^ W ;§ , t-H OJ P5 w cu a X 6 w O o "rt H U 'u a, i25 < *3 DS w- w w ^M u fe o P5 xn .2 H g ffi 3 n H G (-H H Q ^ 5 CA 1^ P-4 bS g w <1 1-1 £ t) p:: u B HH • rt H T3 Pi U -< PL, a pti o O U H O < P5 H m ra <1 ^3 o u u ja -a c ti o a s O d to :^0 a fe CO 43 --I s O u 0) O 8;su ^"^."^ JO oo * o « o »; 5~ "is « ^ ^ C fH -.s a m !C0 M c/a"^ o u cfl a; til ^ •s^ ID .5 o B '3 ri B 2 cr £ 8 O "'I ■^ 13 o p4 ^1 ■4-3 •fH In ^ s S O rt aj Qj ■4J ^ *a M -^ Ph " a bn" o te '- -a o o H m o 02 O 9 a S |2i o W o CO (— I P EH H o o s O OJ ■8 m «* !?^a 11 .So» •a- a. CO CO CO f^ t^ CO I— t CD (M f-H I— 1 gIfS o CO 03 Increas of Valu with Av K 1 „ 2 lo : *l o 00 00 t> CO ^— -^— ^ -—— -•^— . . ~-v— , ^—~^^.~, feoS .HN HIM Htefl ^toJ ^«s ■a^ a c- "** I> ^co CO co CO CO 1 -: .H* HIM tc too - • lO . ■ lO . in . tH . . t> ^ c.§ So • • in * • • ' lo • • lO • * lO . . So! ;^ n -•KM /— ^— N roo ^ O r-- o > a! --Oh Q ta p-i M 02 P 12; . ■< o CO ll il — • * „: -+H lo (M - CD ccCO CO O 00 -rtH CO (M CO (N O IN O CO CD CO iM CD 00 CO O l> 00 CD lO O CO i-H CO r-( !N ■* M 00 CO CO §2^ WHo2 ■sSs MHco o q O o IP O o ?2| o S a:- 03 W&Hoa ,^ CO o 1— t CO o i-H >>6 II ■! r-(CM : CO s § 3 •i '5 So -OS'S -S S.2 .-5-S 3 c8 . : '3 . § OA s o g s O Ph . O •A 1=1 03 O o ■A M 1— ( W iJ g ^ Report of the Experimental Committee. 19 o 6 Pi S Cm '^ X i O "c3 W B ^; p, w ! o w SCO ^•5 CO -a I .2 2 -I § g ^2 «■ E rt ^ a; ^(M p, i„ e O t. CO ^ 6*^ r^ Si S CO -S TS , I rt -S 00 >■ (4-, k/ J I g ;^ ho « ^ W^ el § .e-B" 5« • C^ ^ J fen Rh J ^ t/5 "3 S ^ CO C-co .1 o ^^ be o S 13 ^ u CA 'Ch 0) 3 s na 43 a -^ ^4-1 o 3 o 4^ ce ^^ 43 0} ■♦-3 t-H^ a a ci K J3 o u -4^ o • M 1—3 a d )H 3 u cr ca -4-) V w ^ "u ^ ja (1) CO a » w H 3 w 05 < W ;zi h" pj n OT ^ o > M o r/T H 12; H a 1— 1 M w p-l M w w no g Q < 12; M CO 2ji ■^ GO CO : oo rH CO : ^^s ^ rH o O o 111 ill. S ■« : sill Q «rt ease Ave Ka i ^ 2 lO CD K^ o CO -rtH CO * --"Se: a =rt « 05 CO CD 00 00 iri t< 03 03 '^ CD ■3 3 S rfCO CO OT m CO CO t^"lS £ .Wn H« Ht« HtM HH* bi S;^ • CD . . 00 . . 00 . . i> • ■ CD . . l> • . ^ _^ &§ Sm - • o • • m ■ • U3 • • irj • • o • • £■3 m ■si ■* IC (N N .* Ttl •0 CD i-t CO (M C^ CO CO THt> rH CO o CO It- oj ^ T-t rH o £ 1gg ri «5 ■* - lO o ^ O aj og « rt IM 1— 1 rH >)■ CO O 00 • 00 Cl, -O CO o 43 !^ 2 o u O bo 2 •" bS S ^ -s "^ ^ oi " f- « OS - "! ,-s -g • ~^ a 0) I VS ^« 'biia ._ - o -a g^ e ■la. ■i -5 s I cc -^ 1 i °^ -s <; ^ -S o g I -S 'K « ? I ^ ".rs *- ^ 01 o 0) i/J a o 03 • iH !« Si CLi a O o 0> M ^ 01 '4-> ii 01 C • iH M Oi >^ ^ -Q 9) ■a h 01 a CS -4-3 01 -73 a ?-, *'— s ■*-* Ol J3 ^ bp o O ^ ;h >> J ,^ "3 T3 01 go CS a C8 § ^3 -4^ >^ o '~m dH 3 O •c s^ 0) J3 -4-> Ol 3 0) o B 01 -o >- V 0) Ol cS OD Xi 0> r3 a O Q m a o CO 02 ft O <1 O 03 M I zfi fi 1^ O H <1 d -3 ^ c^ to "Hi o o o XT' CO o I-H I-H CD O .5 o « «*1 : Increase or Decrease of Value as compared with Average of Plots K and N. c3 : : : g o a -e CO CD o CO o CO I-H o Ill > to o CD o o to 00 »o CO CO 1—1 ■o 111 ||| a I. .So. -a 71 5* CO CO . . iO ■ • lO • • -In CO • • lO • • CO . to • 03 . . • • -+I o o CO O CO otcoo CO 00 00 ^ CO CO tH CO CO O CD -H to ^ 1-^ s ^ 2 s ■^ « M Report of the Experimental Committee. 23 en lO tN d ^ H ^ W § ERI ittee. ph e X e W o U o - H 5 c ENCE perime {2! w o w ° H P5 .2 tn E -3 >< b ^ n ^ w 1^ o M cc ■" < (^ s CO " ^ ao -*^ o PU CA ■4-3 to — 00 "C CO <53 CO 2 CO -5 xn ^% <| «3 :2 I ^' ^ -i CO ( oo ca '3 o > Q ^2 ^a. CC .S J2 .^1 3 S !0 C8 I sis -co e-f" io 4J ft, '. 3 >^ I ^ ca ^:s S „ §^ g .2 ~ t^ c ^ cq.s 1^ i^i" ca '-a P« c «3 I- 42 3 O S o c ca »-. O V 2 ■^ "o c ho g C ca ca § ca fH o -2 ^f^ 4-> ca 0) ■"^ >^ ca be ''3 S s QJ u rS "ca 0) j3 Xi *j ■M _C CA ^ tUO [M fl ca B 'tA tA o -. C3 a ■< m M o fa « -4 m Zi a; 12; I— I c^ XI H O Ph o W CO 3 w p^ <1 o 1^ SI ■So! « CO O rH 00 O IM O : d '^ ■ 13 : : : : Increase or Decrease of Value as compared ■with Average of Plots K and N. i : : d si 00 b. U & « -*.» ;z; o -a S a ;h rt OJ .rl W o u 0) C ■5 PU f^ 1) ^ ■*-> o tC &, a £ 3 1 , o w^ tn o L. "rt o -a (A <11 0) t-^ rr; ^ a t« a o M go" w ^ 1 "2 ^3 'Hi o o o o -« GO '^ O O O r Decrease compared ee of Plots dN. 1 1 +1 osgp CO T— 1 CO 1— I 1-H O o 1— < CO CO CO 1— 1 I— 1 I— 1 CO CM O CO CO CO III '- J C3 CO CO o . . O -H •SI ■a ^ |1 f a-;oo - ■ - o ■ ■ o . ■ C3 . • o - - CO • ' o . ■ O - * CO • • «0 c: (M TJH -t^ -- CI CM CO rH ^ -H t- en O CM rH O 00 -!H CO "^ CN ^ --Z' o CO rH (M CO CM CO — Oi (N CN CO CI CM 3 t O ii^ h: h -X t^ CO -2 rH|-f c:i-ii j; r-H r Oh<1 J; S _ ^3 O S >, „- 5) i/3 to C 0) S Q o a 2 a p:J _a bo a 'a o o t3 p:5 p:! Ti S '3 -4^ S 13 « ^ 1 -S ca C O a o O . O hS «2 ca !> e ca 5^ s ° s ^ a a ;h ^- ho O (A H pq <1 t^-^^ fen Oh „ ^ oo 3 CO C/3 rH G. -a a a 1 "OS W be ^' S Oh ci D 2 PI M O R P3 Ph FM pf M S M W r/) H ^ H < Ij ^ P Q w N o o M g O ?f; P5 ^ P W p^ <1 o Si "A o « 11 CO CO ; •log 1-H r Decrease compaivd Ke of Plots dN. "3 o o £ i 6 c 1— I t^ CO CO I— 1 CO ]— 1 Cm — o . os -, a, ° = 2 ^ O 00 CO CO CD CO t> C/j 0:1 CO =-- 3 « CO CO CO .2-5 5 lO • • to 10 lO ■ ■ CO iC ■ • w (M ir: in S-iH -4 CO 5.0 CO CD (N (N b- cq 10 C^ I-H 01 ^ t> ira i-H f-H CO CO 00 "M 10 CM -jH ai 10 Tt^ TH i-H CO CO CO C-1 >— 1 IK h^' .^- -^ a> S ^ M 08 Si I— ( r-H CO r-l Csl CO HI.*. r-. (N •a 5 1 1 . C J -cr. c III V. s *-" ^ OQ p 1 g P4 . ■ ^ p. OQ 3 •SCO II p i 12 H C w H-l til J s ;z; Report of the Experimental Committee. 2y CO d § . I— ( to Pi S D. a M a p ^ M g O ^ H a P5 H pa <3 13 o hi J2 be O (M ^ 5 ,; -ES CO~T3 _g ^ '- o ti &,.« a to- -4-1 CO =0 '^ CO I lO -nA I. t. 'S u a o ^ be ^ ho B (A OJ en "^ o uj rt OJ r3 ^ -^ _' he CO •« "5 ci '-' Q, bjo"^ O G C • *-" nS '^ ^ o ■5 S-^ pi — C 2- li *»■ X *^ ■ PQ =s. CO '-' t- CO - a; fc>^ -I >-. S -Q I =« K _ '. Jh 3 a> § ^-032 £ c c c := % he:S IS Q, <0 3 CO .~ u --^ -o Sum CO ^ q; u a o be 42 b" _3 01 m t'3 o Vi si Ph <5 X 13 ".3 13 a o O o o o ho a a o u C3 o o Ph pq S:5 ■< ►J Ph n EC M ■< O O M w ^ r/1 H 1^ W a M W w FM M X Ph M P „ O Oi M W O hJ O o o p m H <1 o CV 00 o .So o •a CO o : CO o Incrrasp or Decrease ol Value as compared with Average of Plots K ana N. o : t to CO 1-H Ill ^ CO *1 '.o o o o CO Ol ITS CO ill 111 MlM CO CO CO H?1 CO OS .2 4° 1 = C: -+H ■-:■ u- ■:.* CI Cl —' 1— f to »0 ■^ -:fH r-l CM t- o Cl « CO c ^ ill is ' CO o ^1 : I— ( Cl CO H-f ■d 1 p c _a c S =^ III O "A O c O ■ -3 SB H s M hH hj s ;2i Report of the Experimental Committee. 31 o H o .| .2 w H E-l (M Pi w w Pi ffl H 3 J -^ Ph '-' Pi h— ( s Pi 'i *< .S o o H O <1 p:5 H cc pq <1 & ^ ^ rt o p^ -^ rv.1 'a O fee a, s .s r. t3 3T3 0^ CC g o ■*J ""^ t-l feo oi O 1^ J m a; ja" --^ Ch „ =s o T— 1 S,Pi 'j-l ce ^ OS S Gh _ Ch <^ f^"-^ (S bo t^ %.^ « g CO cS j3 .5"^ ^o-S g"^ -a'a.S H^^ S c O c3 2 „ 0! ri _( « c •^ o a •rl ^ O CO " -a Api otas out ,-1 CN l> sown ate, P ley ab 3 1st. rley. tatoes 1886: «_a !h = C8 3P3Ph J ushels phosp 3d(Ba -^ 53:3 ^^ ^-'^ S CO c3 ^ -CI o «2 S:;3 "^^i^ ?sS1- i \< 8 ,-1 g o (fi ^ ei M S s o -3 -S sf» ^ S g u O — Ar itrate "i^-^ •£ ^ - 'eed Barley, {pplication jnia and N « w « 2 IS s >-. o fe- es g c 5 i-T m m b 03 M o 4-< ■ o l < o (3 (U pJ3 tfl P. d -M •^ J3 ^ o" ^ +J oo H "a "s CO Z, CO ^ W -£ , M tf a; -, PL, ■4-> E o U s s OJ (A o o S CA 4J c" o H tfl ^ n s B ^' 3 o Oh <1 <4-> 3 O PS w X 5 1^ ^ ci a u 00 43 CO M ■4J 1— ( w p:5 a EH ., o _2P- CO 4S X '3 3 H cr PQ 04= ^^ tf) HH c !- Ci l-Q ^ W o g CS tfl ^1 1 Pi P o -4-J s F-i 3 01 C3 s £^ O Ch en s s s O CO HI Pi <1 'T3 3 C «2 g co'^. CL, '3 -4-3 00 . plH s •"^ J^ ^ §: ^-^ CO C8 O o 1. CO -a H F^.^ ^^ ■e«s •S c fa p:5 i^g C -5 5 g^ pa 5~ -S It 02X1 C « g !-, 1 ^ .2 m v •" d 43 U -M ^.3 0) .rt ■A g V J— 1 iJ s ca 2 i • ^ « ^ ir "3 2 t; d,^ 3 2 = -^ O" fi 01 ■" -3 -O -S cc a ■" C » 01 - jt; Is ^ be Is -a E ■" Sl .at c n cfl CA ■^ 0) a 3 |0 ■•^ >^ tfl 01 o "? «-" •C Oi 'a t. ti ig ^-o C T. v' O) s ^ a > ^ ": ,. a; ^ ^ C 42 01 c c ci t/j ct aJ 0^ ^ eS 0) tfl -*- tn ^^ 1^ '" s fclO OJ Cfl s .F-T ^-i ^-c m O 3 ^ CA |E gj bcj vi Cfl Ph S tfl ^ 0) 6'b ^■> etf cfl s ^ ■S % tfl ^ c 0) OJ ii 43 4= w o O s n tn o O CO I— I X CO O d i 00 o |2i -^ oi 1? o a! 91 •3°£ ^ CD =*1 O CD 1— 1 O CD O OS i-H Increase or Decrease of Value as compaved with Average of Plots K and N. 1 M ■a i-( 1—1 -^ CO tN CO r— 1 I> CO CO Oi to CD CO CO id i—t rH CO cn O (M -f CD t> CO i-H eg lO o5 S H«0 •all •4 '^ CO CO II 11 fcsS :d - . lO ■ • CD . ■ CD - . CD . . iO - ■ :d . . S O CD (M m o ira c-i CO :o CO yj o c; oi o CO l> i-H O CO O CO CO CO -h CD CD O ^ CO O Tt< CM CM O i-l CM CC CO T-i C-J to CO IC o CM '^ rt r1 o ^ OJ 33 ?-■ c4 CD O lO CO o CO 1-H CM • -3 S o m - o ^ • ^ (« ^ r^ !-t III, ill X « « p o o a Cj : 2 ■+^ r-l o ^ W - 1 h:i y, Report of the Expert ineidal Committee. 35 < oo 6 H '^ W Pi s &^ 'a I'N O w u o « < s P3 Pi h-1 M Q u b W 0) Pi •s '3 cr s M !^ o P3 Pi Ph <1 a Pi M Ph • rH H '^ Pi c ^ < n CO o T-H s rt 3 ^ -a u s .P3 'n ^ ;-< i-^" r^ CO CO cS CO o '-' -S -a ^ -1 • a ' ' a a -O "S +J 3 4-3 ■g o j3~ '7 CO CA 3 1^ CD •N CO O r- 1 2 O CL, >^ £. o C/3 3 cS s ^ '3 C/3 § CA clj ^ I (4-1 m ^■ oT o '^^ s m ^ ■S CO CM 1 rt ■gco c ^ •i "T 3 2 tn 1-5 ^ Ji c E Cl! o 1^ 'S O 6 ^1 >~. f § SO 13 a ca C§l S fi 1 It _o. 'Vt 3 rt m pp 'D cS T3 « ca .n c o en ca Oj CA CO CA 0) CJ -C fl ■♦J rt (*- +-J c tn +J a -C 3 tao O 3 u o o ^ 13 CA c .3 4^ O J2 CA f-> ca 42 l~^ T3 4) O) 6= a CA ca iS ca CA ■4^ _>^ -C CA _bo 3 "5 O (-1 % i M -f 1—1 I— 1 O "o g a tfl T-H I— ( CN CO -B CN CO o Tt^ cq o 1st (^ l> t- o -tl CO CO H "^o I— 1 l"* ""^ > efl CO CO o Oi o l> S-SS , — - r-m " ■ r-IW ^-.^ -^ --o o 1—1 CO o >— ' S5" ■— ' <1 « ^ ^ 0-;^ CO r^ -^ tH Tti B H B. HIN Hm T m to to lO . . to . • o . . o . . 1^ s . 1 jS & ^ sS ■ • lO ■ ■ lO • • lO • ■ in ■ • lO • • 5 « It ^ m to C:: rt O ^1 £CO T^l (M CO -f C<1 H a$ r] _ s : c ; c3 : p: ^ : iJ ^ S ^ fl s- fl »-i a P tlS- O M c G c _ O ;-i o S m Is o S o,? '^p-. ■^ 7-"^ Q.r O.c N M ^^ ^ n:^'^ ^ 3^1 -^ ^ ^•-^ ^ r^^ & Ph ^72 « rt:;: r^ ^ ^ ^ S r;^ c3 ^^ g Mr*-' M^^^ Me^ K H^ K E^3? Ke^^ ■8 g o o CO tt-1 oj o — « =3 ci CD ^ lO o 'il qj w 1—1 1-H I— 1 t^iCJ . .— --^ -w >- lu -2 H-f ml* nw r-|-f< U^ i^l I-H IM CO r-i C ■t; ^ %u i-i: .:^ 3 o £-1 2§ O £E^ c^ SS "-^ l£ 55 !zi — -■. S p w >— ( '^ H^ S ;z; " Ph Report of the Experimental Committee. 37 -4-3 M ''-' 00 6 ^ f-'-l CO CO <3» ^ ca "^-^" 1 a X s o <^l 2^ g o H o 3 Ci .§ W 5' '^ »i O S ?i w p^ '"I w ^ B ^ ^ CJ 5 o <1 _r o w fa O o w coP* o 'C . c PS 'm "C -a 1 CO o _ j3 ^2 rt ^ •V ^^ _CJ ^ Jm ^ ffi s a fa o C 3 (U PS 1 PL, C S <^' 2|;§-r g fa o o 1 o c e ,5s ^ O :o i-H OS »o cq CO 00 G^ O s ;^ o S5 1 HH t— ( \^ ^ S ^ Report of the Experimental Committee. 39 o H Z W ^ . 1— 1 o ^ s. tq .ti Ph 6 X a W o O o -15 H ^ a o .1 Z S S W gH Ph 1— ( w « w P5 .s Ph F-i Eh K 'S. >* •^ T s «2 „ ^ ^ QJ I. ^ Oh « JS g 'o sale's 2^■S °*"^ « »*' ^r*1 f-~ f^^ 1^ 1^ ."^ D2 ^ U K; S; „ „crj <-H (TO lO C8 (TO lO CO CO CO GO t- QJ _J> ^ QJ H (d ki QJ ^ 3 Pa .S * g a •— ' fc -a S " ^ O rt Ph„h ^ QJ QJ a C QJ ^ s ° fe ^ - ^ ■" QJ S p -^ QJ C ' o p. cS a ^ Q> 3 rt: ^ a rrH .„ I" -d •" rt QJ Ji T3 *^ J2 Si ^ >% IH ^ s *^ QJ QJ a QJ " be QJ P rS o QJ Ph QJ 3 42 43 , O iilS QJ C3 -O -P w In ^ w H (A g * 5| < Q M O S a P=5 O M H M ^ H CO CO CO CD CO •BO CO CO r-H CO o CO If 1= ^ a! .^ ft s CO|-f< -t^ . . »00 (M CO 1— 1 T^i O Cq CO ^ o CO l-H CO CO CO »M CM CO i-( CC l> 1— 1 (M tM CO (M -H t3 ir; -rH QO ZD I— ( CD tM CO ci'i-: CD •n C-l C-J ^ CO CO -H CD l-H CO w (M o n p :S g tU h3 f- 1^ ■ ■« 2 .— 1 o CO o ferH(M s g - C ^ •gm o n n. ^ '5 . 2 gj o o p o . o 03 (U 9 B o « t W l-H w h^ r^ ^ Report of the Experimental Committee. 41 o "^ H PL, S X I B w -« o c Ph o O O H O H »> w Pi -a g • d SI ^^ P3 ^ i - T3 t^ .5 c8 4S 3 CO 5 , - ' re -w I — I Is si i =«" a, I. Ri Ph CA O si u P~l T3 V 0) CO c ^ o 3^ 3 H T3 a; s S a 3 u ,J3 ^ e o ■*-» o o s 0) re M o E I s 3 O o H ■< td 02 M H a o I2i M ill «o CD ^ O O I— 1 o I— 1 O m T3 CO I— 1 T—l CO o o a £ c Pi 4-1 ■- n •a o -a OS ^ O CO 1— 1 1— ( o o o OS CO r-i CO r- o i-H CO -.o I— I C.S? j si. MHoq d a • is '■ PI : O N O o rH o T-H CO o rH If 51 CO O o a d 3 Is -2 "2 Si 2 1 w 1— i t^H T 1^ '^. Report of the. Experimental Committee. 43 o "^^ H ^ W 1 W • p-t Pu B X a w c3 O 13 H s W s 15 Ph <5 PS W w M t« u IJH Pi vt H g W *3 pq H s W ^ .4^ CB U) < p:5 ^gcc 3 J? I - -o _ 'S 5 "O H« S -§ 00 CO D 0! ^ ,-1 ^ I B-sg Ph ^ e8 ^ e ,0 c o S u c o cS u -4-3 tX) "S3'"' >-.-} a, J) ni ,^M r-"^ j*^ 1—1 >.j i= &< =1h .C^ GO o v _ O . rt c« o o ^r- C 3 ra , n c ;:5 o .2 >.^ ;;5 " .in ^ ^^ g too t*-i .rH J OH 3 .'73 be O o ea J3 '^ Ph C m cs ta -d ra > c/i w -*-^ ^ "tS ■ ' — 1 (U "^ CO C g .13 (U M "1 01 Si S 5; S E 2 o ^ O Pi o a H pi Ph CO Pi O O -a: W M I W O o o 15 I" CO I— 1 00 -a o =(1 o CO sis ui: 'M -"^ ^ O !5 i 1 ■« « : i 1— < CO I— 1 t-H 1— 1 01 10 'J'o'al Value of Crop. ■0 CI c^: ITS 1— ( OS *** 0:) 00 •0 t> -BO 0^ 05 C5 s^ So If c.g' '■ O Ol c^ 510 OD .— 1 C^ C !>) (LD CO (N '^fH tr- CO -H tH 00 Tin W H rS Is ■ |6 ^ d : s s c3 :^ OS Quantity i Cost ot per Acre. Manure. 1> 10 CO 1— I CO Hi* How Manured. ■ ^ "gco o3 : : III )— 1 Ph : 2 CO (D H, a i 12; 1 W Report of the Experimental Committee. 45 ta ■a a 882, rass, a o^ §^ rHQ (U s ^ _; urT bo 01 I— 1 'd C 00 u d cS b2 ctf i-i a be . o fe '^ 1 Cfl ^ H M 4J o ,a in -4H) S 3 " a ^-a ^ CO 03 CA 3 H 3 a o ■4^ P3 00 I— { »1 o 43 Ch <1 3 00 a Eg o «2 p:5 <1 3 Oh T— 4 CO -5 On 1 s O" (U I— 1 3 U 1— < H P^ ■4-3 PU S •rH -a a "ca c o O PLh ca a o en CA 0! a ■iH 1 J3 CO CM a < "2 s 1 1 cc 5^ o 0! 4j' O H < <1 II CO m 1 Z -d a a "a o E E .S S=^ « a 18 u a o J3 1 43 CA S^ . tn en o n be 43 a (8 < ■^ o s 43 3 f4 ■n H Sj H S^ M 1 w CM 'A a W a ^/3 < a ■^ B< >> Q 1-q H y '-£1 P CO <1 ■^ 3 H D 03 a O 05 H CQ I m <1 o So i : ■8 c» «*1 fH I— 1 >— 1 05 : Increase or Decrease ol Value as compared with Average of Plots K and N. 1 -3 ^ g s ■B CD CO I— t 1— 1 o "^ CD CO CD ■^ X CO CO III ■8O CO CO (M CI li is : : S : : •0 CD - - 10 ■ • 10 • . ;i oj CO CD ^ ' 00 (M CD ea -^ -^ CO s CO lO Xi (N (M ^ l^4 -f' CO CO 00 c: CO I— I SrS OS d : is 0.? Cr! H X' p HHoa si Is to CD ^ I— ( CO i-H o-S. - --if Kl-l- S ■— 1 CI CO (3 ^ IB 111 111 1 § 1 >- C4 03 ^ m g- -a. ■2 2 g a 03 H w H- < iv' >^ s ^5 Report of the Experimental Committee. 47 o ^ H :? w § . 5^ 5 -4^ M >M CU B c3 o "3 H a 0) td o Oh p:5 w 3 W (<-( o b o ffl H c f— ( W o w < P3 H 01 P P^ O fl ^^ • rt H -TS P5 01 (3 ■ , ,« »H (j ,« »H (j r~ n g Oh^ ° O „ « M ^^ ^^^ y t^ CO ^13 3 S O C ^ S CO rt *j CO o a ^ « _j ^ . oi "^ rs • pH a T3 ns S >^ bo £8 B • iH O m V 3 ,;g o a -4^ lA g a 3 a "(3 bo (8 V jd j3 ■*^ § a g o ^■^1 w ^ ea B & O c.S « -4J -Q 3 (S O 2 t>o ■*j '^ ni -J SO) S ° 5 o ^ bc_; I o OJ >^ m S a. 2 1— 1 o m < o H < cs M o <1 ^ w 5i H P3 III o o Net Gain by use of Manure. -S 00 to rH ^ O O : O I-H I-H I-H Increaae or Decrease of Value as compared witb Average of Plots K and N. 1 •a ns CD «• CO IM 1— 1 o o (M C<1 Total Value of Crop. '^ CM 00 00 00 Oi CO CD CO IIS . Hffi CO CO CO -IN CO CO CO 1^ 1-3 .HtN CD ^ ■•-5 cc CO VD I— 1 CD CD to o o o o ■-- 1^ ''^ CI -tH c: (M (M CO O (N O l> CSI M|M -t< X ;J (M O (M CO CM lO o cc : c E = H X m£x CO o 1—1 IS ^ i-H cot* o - — m I-H C<1 S 1 . 1 _ III "p - Hi 11.1 J o o i O a Ph • 2 =8 S a O H i^ M Jvj hJ g Izi Report of the Experimental Committee. 49 o '^ H Z W § 1— 1 (U OJ ■4-i> u • ^ Ph s E o O o 13 H c U a •d a, ■< K << Pi W ca w «— ( o fe o en .1-1 pa B ffi 3 s H S 1— 1 W Q ^ o CO c» 2 p:3 w < 3 PL, t3 p:5 U c H TS PS <1 'rt eu o O H U 1-5 o 8 u u (D ^ i .1-1 •4J ^ ^:S -a c a; T3 C8 -♦J S td &, lA in 2 o ^ o E 'Ph GJ u "be tn -a 3 O ^ J3 'js +j bo O a TS 01 T3 ^ o V ' o O CO C5 C5 CO 3 p o ill CO CO CO CO -*< CO CO If 14 5*^ • lO . ■2 CN CO ^ CO IS- l> O (M O O (M a: 1— ( 00 i-l CO CO I> Ci CO M CO CO i la'- o ^ WHfB IK 5 S ?2| o S O o MHo3 (Head Corn j Tail Corn j Straw is ■ WEhoq S3 to CD 1—t o I— 1 m o S.-I CM ^ CO m r-1 (M i Nitrate of Suiia .. Mineral Superphos. .. Muriate of Potash (Sulphate of Amiuouia Miucral Superphos. .. Muiiate of Potash 9 i o a 3 O .3 5 o •.a II -co 2 s o S5 c w l-H i^ ►J s •z I. 03 Report of the Experimental Committee, 51 S « •tS 'V ^ S T li 'S *^ a ^1 t>r :3 «! i-H ^ S ^S 6 .3 3 H ^ id t: t3 ;?; 2 "• J s-s u S 1 O j3 ix ♦J a; 1— 1 a; -^ S CO *r ?8 CO « 43 CO s 1^^ XI s a, « -a o c W o <:a '^ «j1a o 3 a [25 < IS j3 CO CS • rH 3 0) u r^ •- '^ ■" ^ 13 Ph „ . 2 E o •G -«1 « ^ 2 W El, W Pi w o M •a U Eh n ci rt a T) "*■ ■g _a .3 B ^ f£ „ g cs o -a o a (A •r-l •i u _ ffi Q . Clj - ^-H c : 6^ '^ 10 CO la CO ri (M 1 s Sis OS : : '5 . lit III CD i E3 '> s . i c i Ph w M ui hJ s ^iq ^ -.3 b fc rt o « o IS o ^'^ -^ -S 3 ■^ 3 0) u 3 OO 3 '-I S 3 3 ^ rtP3T3 01 .-u (U 3 ti ii OO "-3 -S a! pHC5 I— I aj Dh'-i Oh O DhC5 — CO I. . . TH CO <^ =^ -J ^ o a; ._ ^ r^ s o "'t; L« "2 ^ " 3 O a ■*^ a| 13 M3 ■S « GO « e « OO -g ■5:5 --I --I 2 a, ■- J: o "" . - ^ § g J 60 o -S " o 3 ** "^ ^ cr > — ' S « S rS ti 3 O S °d -3 O I "3 ^ «^ % ^^-^ -a 60 S ^s ^ »-l « , -3 C fc es CL, -3 52 3 CO ,ca a; O' .. OJ ^ -3 -" M 3 tS O O I- 3 •'3 lu S t3 Oh Q "-i 3 2 (U CO 'C J3 13 D^ a « " " 0) o o o a) ^ oj 3 J3 u " IS -w S . -3 •" J3 m ^ " 3 cS *^ -O a) ^ S o t*« TJ 3 ^ "^ 'S ^3 a) '2 S - ^ -I O 3 O t- o ■" n S °^ I .s 1^^ "^ ^^1 Ore 'i'O J « 3 2 1—1 CO O rf^ -^ O O CD o it- (=1 ; ft :^ o --. d : KEhco 21 s s 6| I— 1 o CO o ■J -'-f «!■* CO How Manured. CO ■ O J= •S - o ^ a ^j ^ S3 o is g-g 3 . o an g- -is =1 Si ^ w l-H ^ i-:i ><; 1^. Report of the Experimental Committee. 55 p 00 o o 3 w ^ u ffi CT* Da W ^ o CO w pi C M =Q|^ B " i» m aj Q. tS ,>H ^ o I el ~,-tr '-' c ■^ u .s s ^15 bJD S c +^ eS O ^ -S l> h 0) u C a Ph .S 0^ ^ -9 cc -^^ . -M ^ 0) 1 ^ <^ Ji '3 ^15 S"g 0) d S ;^ g <*H 0) O I- tli O 01 01 .fci O —• ^ 1 01 D OJ bc^ ol o H 2 .rf ^ C « _d ■o^ o ^ « o _c «^ (U -2<1.B Ph 01 n «■ tt) 01 3 S 3- £W ^'o OJJ it c Bi 3 u o cS M H P O s P5 O O re E-i ^=1 Ph t/2 W <^ a. GO « o Ha an o o 3 a « o 05 O O CO CD CD O Increase or Decrease of Value as compared with Average of Plots K and N. i : o CD O « o 00 in i-H o ■^ CD CD C5 CO O CO I— ( CD m III CO CO o CO CO CO O CO 1^ y .2S, 11 CO r>. tr- io CD to ■ ' CO - . 50 tr- ic 00 - ■M c>q SCO t- O CD CO (M lO CO ^ CD -f Ol c— CO CD CO CO CO o o CO (M (N CO -^ CO CO I— 1 CO o ^ lis is ^ O o 2p • SI ~- o to 1^ T-< o lO CO o I-H : CO a ■g ■ Hi 111 CD 1 o o 1 -1 w ^ 3 i w )— 1 M ^ r5 ^ Report of the Experimental Committee. 57 o ^ H ;?; w s flj t-H QJ P5 S • i-t a X s o w U o 13 H q D , w s 125 ■a -^ H M 05 M M t<-l CJ [1- H g K s H c % W Q 2 M « < H ■^ 3 M h- 5 Ph P p:3 u a ^-( •M H T3 p:3 lU a Ph o O O H O % TJ c3 0) ^ s^ 1 -a ^ u CO ^ 00 - ^ o „ 13 SO OS rt ta a o o Xi e8 _ w fl (6 ^ o CO 00 ci oo OO. o u en >-. o CO OD 00 a bo (A c<3 "-1 00 S7 "§■§ 1^ .6 o 3 ^ ^ t! ^ S . g cS I ^ 2 C! S '■^ 5^ SuDtS a is Iffl -4-3 bePL, a O -w -a J3 J3 O S'^ O _ ^ cS * I . ^— I S ho I* a CO Oh >^ a 1-5 a o a a a '3 ja O o CA .■§ -a o Q < IS] 3 w 05" Eh h- 1 M P3 o w 1—1 w <1 o o M ^ "So; si 13 .a -So CO CD « CO I— 1 Increase or Decrease of Value as compared with Average of Plots K and N. 1 a T3 t> 1— 1 I— ( 1—1 I— 1 l-H r- 1 1—1 : Total Value of Crop. '^ CO en CO CD CO I— 1 CO 05 t— 1 to CO •* Value per Busbel of Head Corn. -SO CO 1— ( CO CO rH - - rH . . i; "^ OS 'si is ^10 ■ ■ «0 Ol CO S-^l CO CD r— 1 ^ — ( »-| _Q CO in * ■ 10 • • rH - ■ 10 • • CO . . • rHlTt. CO GO (M CO QO lO I— 1 en fH CM (M 00 1— 1 rH Hl'J' t^ CO CO (M CO "O I— 1 CD cq CO I— 1 CO i-H CD rH (M I— 1 l-H CO l-H c3 : g a S3, W — OJ tdf-l CO HE-icB §a ^ S3. ra H cc 5| 1— ( : rH CO T-l Quantity per Acre. CO : How Manured. INitrateof Soda .. .. Mineral Superphos. .. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Ammonia Mineral Superphos. .. Muriate of Potash . . 2 a Ph ■•i CM H M w h3 g Hi w Ph Report of the Experimental Committee. 59 o H >< i 01 I— I •'^ H -a a rr, O H u <1 H cc W P H M ?) P-i Oh o s 3 o s b£ • •H -4-3 S C8 5n CM o u Q ^ W ^ 5 p:3 w ^ tLl v« O Ph o ffi (U -a! . o t~ ^ CO _-oo (?q -^3 T-H TS _ '^ - 3 •« o o '^ M -S d —J ^ a, J3 -j; CO a .I" o o pel 00 OO o o Pi QO 00 -a o > eo 00 CX3 13 -4-» cn o Bn li .^ 0) PL. EA '• J ■■§ -« s§ 'to .2 X C «n3 g 3-1 2|^ ^a CL, < 'a u t3 a oi > 6C T3 C si be 3 .o 0) O 00 ^ CO !:/5 ID » OhPh -3 3 3 ^ « o "I s ^-13 ea a =* .a -— ( +J "o JH cn -t-a °^ r-3 -W ^a JS -rt .--< (U & a, ^^ '^ s s s CO OS jj J3 S * -^ s g 3 '-a j2 ca F 2 o P ■< a" ■< a el H P> ■< CJ r/j" H 12; W a 1— 1 M W PM M H u B m i:^ iz; n M H < H hJ l-J OJ <: H S P^ M Ph 01 6 Iz; m Q,* T3 i> 9 •? 2 T3 m - D W; IIS ^ ' (J ^ — «c^ P <« = S2| " a; ? " dj -y' rH CO CO I— 1 g i>3 g 1—1 OS to CO ■^■35 s 1— 1 1^ 1-1 r— 1 I-H '"' t' 10 (N l> iO t- SSd g|J =^ (M CO CD 00 CD «;^ ;^ I_ "^ Hf-. Hl-J* «hH '-I^ ^ 5 CO . . t- . . CO . . CO • . CO . • CO . ■ E: ir i^ 'i — 10 • ' m • • iO • • • • lO ■ ■ lO • ■ rt ^ !:^ « S M -7- P ?:'-^i CO lO -' CO CO 10 10 T-H -* C: CO 00 t^ -* CO £pq ^ -H CO CO rHCOt- r-t CO tH 10 cq -fi (M £0. 1— 1 rH <—< mo CO OICD ca 10 l> »o t> r~* »0 -S^ i-H ■"• " I-H I— 1 .— cu ?^ ^ p! : ^ ^ '■ ^ « : d J? ^ ■r a f-i fl -■-• d ■ ^ d S B ■ J? =^ c ^ M u C tJ St3 ^r^ c:'-9 ^^R s§ rT=^ fc r^'^^ ^^^ '^Se ^^^ -a'^fe Pw r-^ g «:;^ rt c; r;^ c; c; tJ ^ a^l Mb^ J3- WhS T3 '=' c- CO CM o; 1—1 T— t <= h *i 3 « CO tH - 10 a 0^ '^ =rt i-H I-H T— 1 I-H t 1 Oj' B-5) -[J HI* «W coHi H'ii §B ^ r-H d I-H 1 e5 W --I o Ph C EH CO m P3 £ i - 1-1 « P Ph R P3 -«) Oh 'A M Ph l ^^1 M gco • l-l 13, si .a o a O r3 o Is"- CO i 1 CS 11 cS 5 s • rH ^■Su Ti co% TS .|§^ 13 1.^ e CS ^|1 ci ^ 1 • rH a • f-^ TH-TS-d C3 CO rO OO Cm i-H C/5 a Oh o; 3 a eS a a 3 0, u 5 -" 3 "^ a §« fH O 6 o a a! ^*^ (S a) 0) ., ^ ^S u h a 3 '5J 3 ^ '^H »^ tt) CS I— I Ht , I ■ — ^ -*^ hM eS "^ ui -Ss.SPu a a ^ S S '^ a -M a -^ rd IS cs be ^-K 3 a u o •'^ > .i: -" o ^ "iJ ,« 1s " « burg .-S S S a ^ ^^ i w O iS o cS o ^ o 3 ""^ *" cs r-^ „ a a t- « cs a

l-H CO 00 cq 03 It- CD I— t 00 1-0 2 lis 3 = 8 1SC5 l-H • CO CO CO en OS C.5P IS So • • - . CO . . 10 ■ • g : : 10 . . ■ • M|« 10 • - ^ c:> 1-H |5" 0000"^ '-' CO CO TtH ^ CO cq ■* CO CD 1— 1 l> 00 CO CO t- Oi ni CM Oi CO (N (M GO GO c : if CP H iX! W E-^ cc is ^ c3:;1 s ^ CD T— 1 I— I CO r-l^ o Si .fH '^ ■4-3 ^ .o p -^ a. o s O C 03 CO T3 C ^ OS a d § I -9 '* t3 i2 t-2g 03 (V CO <« " I S -Q. -- I g5 g CO CO S.S^^^ So (N 5-. s s be ■^ -i S8 3 S JS 0) P J^s.2 U ^ .^ ,.S § .o- CO ^ CO fl I— I o ■s sx (JO s o ni u S he 1 -d 0) ui u s C _o CJ F-i "o , » OS as o I— 1 1 = 2 ■^ <« o OS I-H rH : Increase or Decrease of Viilue as compared with Average of Plots K and N. o CO o 00 I— 1 O I-H I— 1 I-H T— I CD 00 O I— ( CO »o I-H CO ** o IIS =« ^ Si : : CO CM CM CO CM si ■SsS in . . CO - . CD - • CO i -— 1 i-H '-'In l> 1-- CO cq CO 00 rH CM CM CO CO CO CSI CO 00 OS o ^ CO o -o l> CM (M CO 1—1 lO) to "^ CM Ml HjH_^ W H r/j O :^ 'p. F" * 1=1 ^ : P. H H ct' c: r;^ rf 2i M CO o >— 1 CO o 0-%, 1"^ 1-1 (M CO ;?« 1 c3 : ; -a S3 -a 2 O c3 3 g QJ Ph CO 0) 4S 3 i o s K 1— ( >■>( tJ S •A Report of the Experimental Committee. 65 3 HH T-H G o CO CO o -^^ o ■* '-I S3 ^ c8 s •^^ a 5z5 1^ >-> a M w a 2 8^ o o o m .2 _2 ,•- 3 CO fn §.1 X H '3 a W o M Q H 9 CO J^ dco a,co .rH ^ cc en ^ -2 S-S ?■ S' -^^ fA a H ■^ 5^2 ?; 2 3s < Ph trr 3 »— 1 s n U 1— 1 a "^0 ri o p:5 C3 •rS CO ^' < c o O m 1 CO e Qo "rf -S 1 Oh O H O H m <1 f §.2 « -^ o CO -4-9 tS cj -c Ch 'S o ■< In fa ■< iz! pq (— ( Ph PM M OD H C5 O O 1-^ Ph <1 00 6 S = £ CO • : : : ■ill 15 .&a 13 CD CO I— 1 : l-H CO rH : Increase or Decrease of Value as compared ■with Average of Plots K and N". a 1 13 : 1 Pi ^ CO 1—1 CO i-H 05 rH 3!^ S £ H'ao 13 CO «^ CO SfJ to I— 1 00 10 CO OO CD CO I-H CO g ^ (M CO T^ CM CO CO i-l CO H|N 10 ■tH rH CD CO CO CSl CO 0^ c^ CO CO 7-< ^ Oi CO OJH* r-. oco (M (N OT ITS coco" 10 m (N CD (M I-H CD c-co" ■^ i Head Corn Tail Corn Str.iw Head Corn Tail Corn Straw Head Corn Tail Corn Straw !Head Corn Tail Corn Straw . . iHead Corn Tail Corn Straw iHead Corn Tail Corn Straw . . ^ CO F-l I— t i-H CO 1— 1 2 H.*< m-n 6r-i (M CO r- CM ■• 1 g a 1 (Nitrate of Soda .. .. Mineral Superplios. .. Muriate of Potash . . i Sulphate of Ammonia Mineral Sijperphos. .. Muriate of Potash .. 1 si a a .a g 11 -co ^ W I-H •■> ij g ^ Report of the Experimental Committee. 67 00 < o w u O "3 H 4J a O S ■fe <1 Pi W w w <^M u b o Pi g H E '3 H c W Q CO o 9 Pi s S < 1-1 s & Pi Q c 1— 1 H TS Pi <: ti. s b o O O H o a C8 o; O „ o 40 I .^ n T3 JJ !?«■&'=' ^ ^a S ^ s « c« S oj be Jin >-o "S j3 ,i; TT (S *3 3 3 « ° P'"' 'I' 5 ui -3 s^o ^ a ee is ~.'ca •i-H S 2 T3 o en 'a o -s P. c8 0) d en ■s a "Ch a +J m c o •iH ,12 ei M ai be a en •fH s es 0) •5 3 s ra o a a s-> ca -4J ^ u ^ V (LI en en 43 o tn 3 o 5 rt C8 o en M 0) -fj s T3 T3 .^ Ph i;^ > ■S ,3 fH 0) ■+J be la en w C 3 ^ -M ° s a; J3 he 0) -4^ cH 5 nd 43 I-H M D -♦-» in ■fH 43 u >-» o *j ^ (A ■S Ph M CO O O pq [^ O h-( P Oh W o PR M r^ C/J m |2i Q EH g . . 00 • • ■< o f Scq (M CO CO CD O i-H ■^ W i-H 00 lO CO CO CO CO CO ^ CO en CD CO 1— 1 Thi no O Ol tH ■* tJH rH UO CN CD lO CO lO CM CM CM CO CO Ol T— 1 rH IM CO cj :^ H — H 'Oj a HrHon 53 o lO CO o T— I o CO l-H M 1 a 1 w i Nitrate of Soda .. Mineral Superphos. .. Muriate of Potash . . Sulphate of Ammonia Mineral Superphos. .. Muriate of Potash o 1 O P-l ■2'S i c w M td ^ % s? Report of the Experimental Committee. 69 o ^ H ^ W § q5 p:! W Dh 'a X B w o U O ■—J H c3 a w ^ u -> -a" -4-> CO CM a _ -tj -a ^ CD OJ '""' J-. ^ rd 'S H»^^ g - & S ?^ I e -s a « ^1 a; CIS Pi 50 CO CO tu CO CO a a CO CO (D CO CO CO > o U CO OO s H JO a. o u u ° s o o >► CO ^Pi & ID . -Q o Ph PQ ■3 t3 a -a ^H ■" ,0 rt ■« '£ 01 -4-> s § o o Bh8 of a 5 « -S o 2 Ph (u 'is o S ; a:i . • rH •* +^ "5 a I- o 'rL i I ° _ 01 O O M H s u *3 T3 n s O 6 '^ O o (N pH S o ^H ^ CO CD O CO o S^a ert (M 1— 1 pH I-H h^ d '^ • T3 .S o I-H CD M P-i oB S «o to 1— C CO 00 lO 05 HgS r~\ rH I-H M ■W tH »o rH lO ^ ■<*< CO ^ rt L, ^ io t^ CD lO CO CO Ks i .si. ,^ ^ 1— ( I-H r-< 1^^ CD CO (M-* ■"* Cb IC ^ CD iO lO CO "o «' as 1^ " CO (M (M M s J ia O (H se^ o S O © 1 ^ ^ ■§•0 So. '^r'^ ■« 5 Q o S^. O 3 o £« C3 ri 03 cars ee ;2 3 -£3 WHce o3 ril =3 o3r3 "3 W E-103 < p -e o I> O CO ^ ■sg '"' ^ +3 9 6^ CD tH ; « o OQ o^ «rt "-" I— t I-H r-H & £=£ ■ ^._, !zi 1-^ -ShI-h «|* «l^ H|-*< Ph 3 *-• i-H M CO I-H (M o-S. M .2 • • O - i^ Pi : S * O rd 03 ti..^_, o Ph a 03 B< 1 £ 03 S C5 £ P fc •gtE o S!» ° P C3 ■gai a H S -S"^-! ■4-1 .— 1 (C P .S O'rf a 1 1 o ;2i CD Is 1 o lO OT 6 o ffi M td 1^ g !?; :z; Ph Report of the Experimental Committee. 71 o ^ H ^ W ^ HH QJ p:5 OJ W 4^ CLi s X s w o o ^ H a s i ^ % w Dh P3 H < a Pi w o w en H Pi W tH Eh ffl ■3 fH H m 5 ft K CO <1 Pi CO C ^ < 9 &3 h-I -4J Pt( t3 Pi o ^^ fl H ■fH PC! -B <1 13 PL, ■3 |JH C o H O <1 Pi H cw pq ^ o a ^Ji CO -O rt ^^ ^ (u o d M O - " 'S 13 CO b o 5 '^ £ 00 J3 > --J ^ CO u .ti o CL, o _ij C ■* O ^ --d ? u, I" -^ o-bJT^go '^• "rtCOcM g U1J3 irS l> J 43 siting 1;; .S S -S CO . ,■" 11^ •^ CO O o 00 , So t— ' a o -4-a a ""^ o ° S I »5 , ^ OS. 'i-rj '-^ ■2 1-H CO 13 a K eS c4 S f ^ ■M en &I (*1 P TS S* ES bo fe a ^ m ^ C9 ^ fe h s L* .4^ ■ 6C^ S .4-1 'S J3 en^ i^ fr-< OS 01 m J3 m vn -a -4J 13 £ e 3 rt • i-» 13 C '-M ct m ea T! q; 0) en en 3 a; a ,n u .*^ 4J -a CA 3 en a; ^ a XI 0) 4-1 0} 4-3 8 s _>j» a 3 J8 C a tn be 2 t4 eS S fH £ 01 fc^ rJ3 0! a; .«-> bo 1 01 cd :d a G T3 s -4-1 0) >h' S XI , Oh a u s 1 "3 p « o M o CO PL, X! CE P-I o Ph o CO p O h- 1 -A > P3 o -H <« O o CO to o CO o t— 1 : Ifca i ■^ « CO o o £ i-H o lO lO o ||5 o I— ( CO CO 05 00 CO 00 o CO T— 1 05 O CD CO CO CO OJhH CO CO O 1 Q era OS .9-3 ^"1 .Him CD . . iO ■ ■ CD ■ . lO ■ • CD . . Ml-q lO * • CD - * lO • • :i" --0 i-H -H =inH CO CO IS" T-l O Oi (M i-H cq CO O r-( CD CM i-H O (N CD rH CO CD t- O I-H G^ -tH CSI c^ t^ i-H CO s = f: o ij^ CO CO 00 O -t^ O o Ill Ms 1-i r-''- -S d : m a o S3 » CD o CO o T— 1 £=■-( (M ^(N* CO r-H eq g 1 c! ffl.S 55A ■a ' ■ < So fa o a 03 3 o •;: B Ph ■ § -a 3 i O w l-H w J s ^ Report of the Experimental Committee. 73 CO d H W p3 o u w ^ u PL, O tf CO O CO a, 3 bogs. ^ ^ ■S S " tH a a !>,g 3 oi •5-5 k^^o g- 3 E"" g OTS .5 "^ 7.— A sheath 8.— Gc mil!! '^ l-H 1-1 .t3 i-H S "^ g a d^S o II !> 1*^ S '^ O "H :zi^izi ^-^ 4-1 o uJ — . - P< "C _r! "■ ii a >;> §^ ■" a bo o •So IS a t8 >■ a Q O a a § . o m S.3 g ■- I. ° I d ° ° ° a ^ 'ffl ^ ^ g:§go S" Qj Jh ti -rH o ^ O " S g "■^ °^ •a §)■" s".a ^ a . CO ^ I ^ « rt ..o :§ d.S-" d d '^6 i^ g 2(z;|z; |!zi 17^ •/] Q 09 U) H 13 '-' ii 00 I— ( CD i> CD to 00 a CO r^ 00 on 00 la >— I 1— 1 00 i-i CD 1— 1 2 05 0) •* M 03 in 60 m M tH g ,-H tH (M <1 <*H M CO I— 1 < (M <1 t-t o Hi H OD CO 1-5 a w < o o 12! O Ci P O M ^^ O « CO Q CC 6 |2i ■< 2 O a ■< CQ o &< -< CO O M J fi ■a 0-. •^ CO p-H i-H 00 O o ce CD o •lis 2§g : Increase or Decrease of Value &8 compared with Averagp of Plots K and N. i n 'a 1 1 «^ CO 1— ( CD O o o t> CO I-H o -^ o . O 3 £ H^5 ■a o ■o CO "H CO CD CD I— 1 uo CD CO CD CD I-H « 3 S CO o CO o CO o CO 1-H CO If 11 P4 IS : •■ CO . . CO . • T-t l> O I-H rt -^ CO CO t^ o I-H CO Oi CO rH CD 00 O T*H CO Oi I-H (M o o o CO 'tH O O 00 (M IK HHcc WH EC 8« ■ is is ■ O o is ■a g ri CD i-H o I-H CO o 1-1 ffq CO nH (M 1 3 1 m •SCO o « : : ^ So ca o o ee 1 > 1 ■ O n a; g o H O -) w hH tii h5 s 'A S4 Report of the Experimental Committee. 75 o 12; H PS Oh XI O 13 H < H < ID J3 o oo o P4 So (U 0) o CO tN ■ g^ M PS W M w (4H u b O PS .a fa n Eh ffl a cy s H B W p ^ M CO tA ^ PS s H 9 ;£ D PS O a HH •t-t H TS P5 e • fH <1 PL, a b o O U Oi oo o ^ a J3 3 ^O ►" B <1 «, " PL| J3 <5 i^ g J Bi O OJ -Q So ^ J rB •-< EO "^ — O . " B &I g ■2 =^ .5 :*_. u CO ' CO CO ;o^co g^-^ B ^ I -S -S 00 re ^-^ '^ .t^ ^ -is ^^ g i? "S, I. oi r3 s"^ a s is -a s ^ ^ •£ •?- iii^ o - ^ S O R B « 3 -sPQ S cfl ' Qi p^ 0) B "a J ** t-l be B ■ n 3J in ■4^ .A o -« s^ u o B h V 4J -M _d U cn » a 9} -B J -4-> ■*J <4-l Uh O -rt U B 1 cn cr"T3 a; (8 M ja B 8 ■4^ B o • M ^ s ; ja •s 2 ■4-> cn <4H O -a^ >-» H 0! a >-4 "3 -4-» 3 a IH cri g o 13 VS > OJ &-, u -2i 1 B CO E a ^ B rt ^ B ^ CA .-H O ^ T3 « B B -2 c« « & O IS 1-^ Ch H > o cn 1 u G 2 o n » > M eh' o o [25 w M 3 dl M P W o P-i M W ?/) >H h-l 1-1 o m O 05 d So a! -0 =+1 O O : ■§ = £ O Increase or Decrease of Value as compared with Average of Plots K and N. 1 -« ^ : : 1 a 1— I 05 I— 1 : -3 ^ ^ CO I— 1 ^ CO C<5 CO I— 1 CO 05 I— I 00 I— 1 I-H CO lit 111 "SO 1— 1 . . HIM O C5 CO 05 CD CO II If .9-s Ifel M O • - o - . CD • • : 0tH G (M :r> o CD CO CD CQ 00 (M CD CO CO CD O CD 1-1 CO t'- i-H WEhcc O 3 MEhqs a : O o MH02 ■3£ t> f-H o I-* »o I— 1 CO o r-4 >^6 1? o'S, WW CO rt eq 1 g 1 M OS : : %<^ ° s 'A o a d 1 -2 2 s s o M M w Hi g Iz; Report of the Experimental Committee. 77 <3> 6 W I— I W O "rt H ^ w ^ o ^ s « Ph -C E^ K 3 H CI HH H ^ o 03 en Ph Ph § ^ < 0) P Pi u fi pS S PU O U Pi H P3 <5 o '3 u a o >^ a bo s o 1 TS CO 3 " oo " ns rH ^ a t>o «N :^ •coo ^ Qj "> OjQ o rrt CO -> 43 -2 (5 & ■^■2 2 s d a oo t3 a CM o C|JH a a O ^a Z .» ^ TJ s ^3 a CO S a a; M > o o u -d U ■^ a a &. 3 (U ■t-j u 3 -s a h ui i| ^^ ^'-^ « (S a a, ^ a « OJ CO ^o 1.1 "I ^^ rt -is >■ V CA a 3 ^ en O nJ ■n ^ a *^ (U .,H « a boW .E '^H > o J3 a a) c.t-1 cq -^ ~ en 03 -*^ O Ph 78 Report of the Experimental Committee. P.S. — Since this Report was written, the account of the Norfolk Experiments in 1887 has been published, and an extract is given from it in this Journal. The effect of potash when combined with nitrogenous manures is still very marked upon Mr. Cooke's farm in the experiments in the " Old Sainfoin Field," though not so great as in previous years. But on the two other farms on which experiments were conducted, the addition of potash seems to have had but little effect. Mr. Cooke explains that the striking results before obtained from the application of potash combined with nitrate of soda or other nitrogenous manure have been when barley has followed (as in this case of the old Sainfoin Field) a crop of white turnips, all drawn from the land, and grown with artificial manure containing no potash. He considers this crop to be more exhaustive of potash than a previous crop of barley, the condition of another of his experimental fields (Houghton Hill). The Norfolk Experiments of 1887 have been extended to other subjects besides the growth of barley, and the whole Report is one of great interest and instruction, and should be in the hands of all who, like myself, are seeking information on these matters. In our own system of experiments we have the great advantage of the replies of many voices to the questions submitted for elucidation, an advantage which is clearly manifested in this potash question, in which we might otherwise have inferred that larger benefits were likely to accrue to us from the use of potash in increasing our barley crop, than I fear is the case, though I hope we shall find its value in our clovers when we are able to take up experiments on clovers and grasses. An analysis of the Flitcham soil shows it to be very defi- cient in potash, yet, as Dr. Voelcker remarks,* " this deficiency " is not so great as in itself to account for the astonishing results "recorded. . . . Had the experiments not been in this and in "previous years visited by many interested in them, the results' " must have been received incredulously. The application or " omission of 2 cwt. muriate of potash per acre, has made a " difference of no less than 45 bushels per acre ! In short, on this " land without potash, the barley crop is almost an entire failure. "Mr. Cooke remarks, that though 2 cwt. per acre of muriate of " potash was used, probably 1 cwt. would be sufficient." And Dr. Voelcker adds : " These experiments on chalky soil, and the " influence of potash on such soils, open up a new and most "interesting and valuable field of enquiry." J. E. Knollys. * Journal of the E.A.S.E., vol. xxiii. Part I. p. 259. ( 79 ) The Bath and West of England Experiments of 1887. By Dr. J. Augustus Voelcker, B.Sc, F.C.S,, Consulting Chemist to the Society. This year, as last, I have been asked to add to the Report of the Chairman of the Experimental Committee my own general comments upon the Experiments, and especially to touch upon any scientific points which have arisen in connection with them. The Committee in framing their plan have, I think, done wisely in several points. By having comparatively few plots, and these of a practical size, they have confined the experiments to a few definite and important issues of not too complicated a character. The large range, comprising several diflFerent counties and districts, over which the experiments spread, further eliminates to a great extent those errors which would be due to any one experiment considered by itself, whilst the variety of soils upon which the manures have been tried enables more general conclusions to be drawn as to the average effect and value of each manure. The occurrence of duplicate unmanured plots has also been an advantage, as enabling one to judge of the evenness of character of the fields on which the crops were grown, and consequently their suitability as experimental fields. Further, as regards the manures used, these have been arranged with consideration both as to the relative cost and the principal manurial constituents which they are capable of supplying, so that whilst the expenditure on each has been approximately equal, the manurial elements supplied are fairly comparable as to quantity. Two different views may be taken of the experiments — first, that adopted by Mr. KnoUys, which considers them mainly in their financial bearing ; and secondly, that which has regard to the respective acreage yields. I must acknowledge my pre- ference for that which considers the yield of crop rather than an estimated financial result. The attempt has been made, by valuation of samples of the grain, to give a very practical turn to the experiments; but I fear the plan adopted will fail to meet the purpose, and that in many cases the actual money return will be found to differ widely from the estimated value as given in the Tables. Local circumstances, facilities or otherwise for the profitable disposal of straw, and for the sale or use of tail corn, are items which must militate greatly against success in attempting to place a series of experiments upon the same footing. In several cases a profitable money result is found on examination to be due rather to successful harvesting of the crop of a particular plot than to the actual yield of the plot as influenced by a particular manure. Further, variation 80 The Bath and West of England Experiments. of prices, changes in the cost of manures, &c., must alter the results if stated financially, and make them inapplicable for reference in future years ; whereas if stated in respect to yield only, the results would allow of every one adapting them to local circumstances, with the ever-recurring changes of price. The experiments must therefore, I think, be considered on a broad basis only. Adopting this view, the three main questions for solution have, I think, been : — (1.) Has manuring on the whole been successful, and which manure has done best ? (2.) Has nitrogen done better in the form of sulphate of ammonia, nitrate of soda, or as contained in guano ? (3) Has potash as a manurial element been found to be advantageous ? Is it better supplied as potash salts, or is it sufficiently contained in Peruvian guano ? The costs of the manures given in the Tables are approxi- mately equal, with the exception of Plot M (no potash). An average analysis of the Peruvian guano Ubed showed it to contain 6 '91 per cent, of ammonia, 17 •32 per cent, of phos- phoric acid (equal to 37 "81 per cent, of tribasic phosphate of lime), and 3" 11 per cent, of potash (equal to 5*76 percent, of sulphate of potash). As regards the other manures, taking the averages of the samples analysed, the nitrate of soda was 97*27 per cent, pure ; the sulphate of ammonia contained 24*61 percent, of ammonia ; and the superphosphate contained 32*26 per cent, of soluble phosphate. The following Table shows, approximately, the amounts of ammonia, phosphate of lime, and potash, supplied on the dif- ferent plots : — H. I. L. M. Ammonia, lbs. per acre 26-60 .. 27-44 .. 24-20 .. 26-60 Phosphateof Lime, lbs. per acre .. 58-24 .. 58-24 ..129-39 .. 58-24 Potash (KjO) „ „ .. 42-00 .. 42-00 .. 9-00 In arriving at my conclusions on the above questions, I have eliminated all those cases in which, from one cause or another, the experiments appear to me unreliable or of doubtful value. Taking first Mr. Knollys's Group I. (After Roots drawn from the Land), it must be noticed that in almost every case dung, with or without additional manures, had been applied to the previous Root crop. The results as regards the manures put on in 1887 are therefore rather doubtful. Still there has been an increase in each case ; that obtained with sulphate of ammonia has not been sufficient to meet the cost, but between the other The Bath and West of England Experiments. 81 three kinds of manure there has been little to choose, the result being to some degree a profitable one. In the five cases under Group III., the result has on the whole been unfavourable to the use of manures, which is not surprising when it is borne in mind that, with but one exception, the previous crop was fed off by sheep. The least loss was naturally with the cheapest manure, viz. nitrate of soda mixed with superphosphate. Group II. forms the most important series. In this all the instances of actual decrease of yield can be readily explained, and the general result, even in spite of a season very unfavour- able to the action of the manures, is satisfactory. After eliminating all doubtful cases, the conclusion I come to in this group is, that the application of all the manures except guano has been remunerative ; nitrate of soda and superphosphate, either with or without potash, paid best, the cost of the potash being just about met by the increased produce. Nitrate of soda, where used, has also produced more straw and done better than sulphate of ammonia. The season has been an exceptionally unfavourable one for manures, and has doubtless in great measure accounted for the better results given by nitrate of soda as compared with sulphate of ammonia. Guano has been under a still greater disadvantage, and it would be unfair to draw any conclusion regarding it, from experiments conducted in such a season as the past alone. It is worthy of note that the different manures have had but small influence in determining the relative qualities of the grain, slightly the best price being realised in the case of guano. Much interest is attached to the question as to the advantage of using potash manures. The results on the whole have not shown any such decided advantage as was exhibited in the Norfolk Experiments of 1886. Mr. KnoUys has discussed this matter at considerable length in his report, and at his suggestion I analysed some of the soils in order to determine the amount of potash in them. These soils (dried at 212° F.) contained the following percentages of potash : — Hewett, "39 ; Coles, "29 ; Ashcroft, • 19 ; Wallis, • 14 ; Till, • 57 ; Gray, • 23 ; Sutton, • 17 ; Magor, "45. The potash in all these is higher than in Mr. Cooke's soil at Flitcham, which contained only • 10 per cent. ; in some few cases, e.g. Mr. Sutton's, the small amount of potash present in the soil has been advantageously supplemented ; but the general result, possibly from the larger amount of potash in the soils, was in no way of the striking nature instanced in Mr. Cooke's experiments. ( 82 ) The Practical Outcome of the Barley Experiments. By Sir T. D. ACLAND. Mb. Knollys has undertaken a task this year, involving so much extraordinary trouble and expenditure of time, that it was very desirable that he should not be impeded by others in drawing up a report of his arduous work ; especially as the whole scheme of experiments was originated by him. On this ground, and also from fear of increasing the unavoid- able delay in the publication of the 'Journal,' I have not repeated the attempt which I made last year to give fully my own view of the experiments, especially as the finally cor- rected tables have only come into my hand at the last moment. I confess that I have from the beginning had doubts as to the expediency of basing the practical results of the experiments on the estimated valuation of profit and loss. My doubts are con- firmed by the tables prepared with so much care. I have no doubt that the samples were valued by very competent judges, to whom the Society is equally indebted for the trouble they took. But in the case of my Devon farm the barley valued at from 3s. i^d. to 3s. 2d., was sold for 4s. ; the barley on my Cornish farm, valued uniformly at 2s. 4Jc?., sold for 3s. 6d. Mr. Knollys has pointed out in a note to his Report some reasons which may account for the difference. I think therefore it may not be altogether useless if I so far continue the attempt I made last year to give the " practical outcome," as to show simply the increase of bushels on each plot marked +, and the rare cases where the result of manure, owing to some special cause, fell below the natural level, by the minus sign — ; practical farmers knowing the increased quantities can judge of the pecuniary result with reference to the different circumstances of each district. I will take the cases as nearly as possible in the order in which Mr. Knollys has arranged them : — 1. Barley after Roots drawn off. 2. Barley after Wheat, divided into 4 sections, according as the unmanured land yielded — 40 bushels or more ; 30 „ or more, less than 40 ; 20 „ or more, less than 30 ; „ less than 20. . 3. Barley on Land in any other state requiring Manure. In counting bushels I have included the tail corn, and I have omitted straw, for the sake of simplifying the tables. I have also omitted fractions of bushels, giving the nearest whole The Practical Outcome of the Barley Experiments. 83 number. Or, to speak more precisely, when the fraction was considerably below f I have omitted it. When it was about that fraction I have counted it as a bushel. Mr. Knollys, whose practical judgment so far exceeds mine, has drawn attention to the questions of which a solution was sought by the experiments, especially the efficacy of potash under different circumstances. I do not attempt to draw any scientific conclusions from particular cases, nor do I dwell on the teaching of averages. Group I. — After Roots drawn from the Land. Kame. County. Bushels on TJn- man- ured Hot per Acre. Increase or Decrease per Acre. No. Ni- trate of Soda. Sul- phate of Am- monia. Nitrate. Guano. Remarks. Superphos- phate. Super- phos- phate. Muriate of Potash. 8c 13 20 20d 25 Morrell EoUe Acland Acland Acland Oxon Mid Devon . . Mid Devon . . Mid Devon . . W. Cornwall 40 29 *36 t31 37 + 7+7 + 9 +9 +10 +6 +14 +7 + 4+5 +5 +8 +6 +8 +4 + 6 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 /♦Average of 3 ( plots, 34. ftOnly 1 plot, 31, the other eaten by [ rooks. 34| + 8i+6i +6i + 7 I may, however, point to one or two facts. Land in high cultivation has responded to manure ; observe 3 cases in Group I., and Mr. Knollys' note on No. 25 in that group. Observe 6 cases out of 7 in Group II., Section 1 ; 5 cases out of 6 in Section 2. I think also that examination of the previous cultivation in particular cases is instructive, notably No. 9, Mr. Gibbons. But I venture to draw one broad conclusion, which I think justifies all the trouble which has been taken, namely, that the experiments show that it will be worth while to persevere in trying to find out how far crops of corn can be economically grown by the aid of manures, which are proved to have a prac- tical effect, and that it is most important to secure the kind and zealous co-operation of practical farmers. 84 The Practical Outcome of the Barley Experiments. Gboup II. — After Wheat or other Corn Crop. Section 1. — Unmanured Produce, 40 Bushels or more. Bushels Increase or Decrease per Acre. Ni- trate Sul- phate Nitrate. on Un- of Am- No. Name. County. man- ured Soda. monia. Eemarks. Plot per Acre. Superphos- phate. Super- phos- phate. Muriate of Potash. H. I. M. L. 3 Besent Dorset . . 45 + 9+ 1 4- 2 +4 7 Hampden . . Sussex . . 40 + 6+ 1 + 9 +7 14 Magor Cornwall . . 44 + 11 + 10 + 3 +5 6 years' grass. 18 Skinner Somerset . . 41 + 9+5 + 9 + 5 18d Skinner Somerset . . 41 + 7+10 + 10 +7 19 Sparks Dorset . . 40 -1+7 - 4 -1 Rabbits. 28 Wantage Berks .. 48 + 6+6 + 8 +4 Average per acre 42f + 6^+ 6^ + 5? +4? Section 2. — Unmanured Product exceeding 30 Bushels and less than 40. 1 9 10 15 17 24b Ashoroft Gibbons Tom Gray .. .. Storey-Maskelyne Eichards Benyon Kent .. .. E. Somerset Wilts .. .. Wilts .. .. Wilts .. .. Berks .. .. 32 36 34 38 37 39 + 3 = + 13 +15 + 11 + 6 + 11 + 9 + 15 +10 + 10 +11 + 6 + 3 + 11 + 2 + 12 + 11 + 5 + 11 + 5 + 6 +10 + 6 (Only on one \ ploughing. 36 + 10i+ 8i + 11 + 81 Section 3. — Unmanured Produce, 20 Bushels and no exceeding 30. 2 Bennett Herefordshire 22 + 6 + 3 + 3 + 5 6 Coles Wilts .. .. 26 + 6 + 7 + 6 +3 8a Morrell Oxon . . 28 + 7 +10 + 12 + 8 8b Morrell Oxon . . 30 + 9 +11 + 12 + 8 16 Hodgson Surrey . . 26 + 5 + 7 + 9 +1 21 Iremonger .. Hants .. .. 23 + 10 + 8 + 7 + 8 26 Wallis .. .. Wilts .. .. 24 -2-1 + 10 +7 Wireworm. Average per acre 25^ + 5f+ %■}, + ^ + 5f Section 4. — Unmanured Produce helow 20 Bushels. 11 22 Hewett Sutton Hants Berks 17 17 + 7 ^ 9 The Practical Outcome of the Barley Experiments. 85 Group III. — On Land not after Roots drawn off, nor after Wheat. Name. County. Bushels onUn- mau- ured Plot per Acre. Increase or Decrease per Acre. No. Ni- trate of Soda. Sul- phate of Am- monia. Nitrate. Guano. Remarks. Superphos- phate. Super- phos- phate. Muriate of Potash. 4 5 23 27 29 Bonnor J.Clarke .. .. Till Sellick .. .. KnoUys HerefordsMre W. Somerset Gloucestersh. W. Somerset W. Somerset 36 33 34 30 31 H. I. = +8 -4 -4 + 5 -1-5 + 2 = +9 +4 m. -1-6 -2 + 4 + 2 + 7 L. + 6 + 1 + 4 f Not \sown. Poor fed roots. Thin soil, suf- fered by j drought un- \ eyenly. In another short paper I have pointed to some other ques- tions, such as the effect of folding with roots, and its cost, and the effect of manures on successive crops of corn. If we put aside hypothetical questions based on estimated and of course temporary values, and if we do not attempt to form a scientific opinion as to the relative value of the selected manures on the various soils, we may fairly ask, Have the expe- riments been on the whole, taking a broad view, encouraging or discouraging ? Perhaps the following figures, which the eye can take in at a glance, may point to a practical answer. In Mr. Knollys' 2nd group, " Barley after Wheat or other Corn Crop," there are 22 cases which he truly says are the most important of the series. How many of them produced more than 5 additional bushels per acre, with one or other of the manures ? Five bushels with the increase of straw may be taken as about balancing the manures. The cases of increase above 5 bushels (see tables, p. 84) may be collected thus. Plots. H. Nitrate, phosphate, potash I. Ammonia, phosphate, potash Increase, Bushels, per acre. Total. M. Nitrate, and phosphate L. Guano 17. 13. 16. 11. f 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 10,\ , ^, \ 10, 11, 11, 11, 13, 14 / '^°^ /6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10,1 „„ \ 10, 11, 11 / ^^^ 6,6,7,8,9,9,9, 10, 10,15 .. 89 6,7,7,7,8,8,8,10,11 .. .. 72 86 The Practical Outcome of the Barley Experiments. In the columns H and I, there were 7 plots . 1 below 6 bus. ,, M and L, „ 9 plots . J of increase. In 5 of of these plots guano produced 5 bushels increase. In all the Tables of this group there may be found about half-a-dozen plots in which there was no increase, or (owing to some accidental circumstance) even a minus quantity. In the first group, Barley after Roots carted off, even on the plan of estimated profit and loss, the losses were comparatively few, one plot on Mr. Morrell's farm in Oxfordshire, four plots on my farm in Cornwall (on which a word presently). But if I may venture to say so, the figures, 12s. Q^d., 2s. 3^af., 6s. 2d., given as the average profit per acre, carefully worked out, as they certainly were, give, to say the least, a discouraging im- pression. Let us drop averages, and, as our Scotch friends say, condescend upon particulars. There were 5 cases, the unmanured produce in every case but one (Mr. Rolle's 29 bushels), exceeded 30 bushels as the starting- point or datum line. The increase was as follows : — Grottp 1.— Barley after Moots carted off (^increased produce, htiahels). H. Nitrate, phosphate, potash 4, 7, 9, 14, 10 I. Ammonia, phosphate, potash .. .. 5, 7, 9, 7, 6 M. Nitrate and phosphate ■. 4, 5, 8, 8, 6 L. Guano 2,6,9, 9, 9 The lowest extra produce was on my farm in Cornwall (not reputed as good barley land), after mangold heavily manured ; the unmanured plot for the experiments yielded 37 bushels. See Mr. Knollys' marginal note to Table No. 25 (p. 22). It is perhaps needless to include the third group, in which there are cases presenting special peculiarities and causes for unsatisfactory results. I cannot claim absolute accuracy for my figures, though I have taken much pains to guard against a calculation too favourable to the manures. If any one cares to add up the total increase of bushels due to each manure, and to set the total price of the additional crop against the cost of each manure, the result, I think, will be encouraging, and perhaps not very unfavourable to the potash. LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLTAM CLOWES AND SONS LI5IITED, STAIIFOUD STltlCKT AND CHARIKG CROSS. JOUENAL OF THE BATH AND WEST OF ENGLAND SOCIETY (ESTABLISHED HIJ,) AND SOUTHERN COUNTIES ASSOCIATION TOB THE EMCODBAOEUKHT OV AGRICULTURE, ARTS, MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE. Third Series.-Vol. XIX.-1887-8. ■Ot ■ — SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. REPORTS AND PAPERS. Page I-^Beport of the Council to the Annual Meeting, Dorchester, 1887 . . 1 n. — Report on the Dorchester Meeting, 1887. By R. H. Raw .. 4 III. — ^Modern Pipr Breeding. By Professor Jambs Long 41 IV. — ^Ina'eotB Injurious to Apple and Pear Crops. By Chables White- head, F.L.S., F.G.S. 52 V. — The Agriculture of Pembrokeshire. By Joseph Darby .. .. 89 VI. — Suggested Reforms In Farm Practice. By J. Maodonald .. 110 Vn. — ^Fruit Farming for Small Holdings. By W. ■Wblboji Symington 126 VIII. — The Gramineous Herbage of Wafer Meadows. By Professor W. Fbeam, B.So. liond., F.L.S., F.G.S 129 IX.— Anthrax or Splenic Fever. By Professor G. T. Brown, C.B. .. 138 X. — ^Annual Report of the Proceedings of the Sussex Association for the Improvement of Agriculture. By Sir T. D. Aoland .. 151 XI. — ^Report of the Experiments of the Norfolk Chamber of Agricul- ture, January, 1888 .. 163 XII. — Barley Experiments. Report of the Experimental Committee. By J. E. Knollys, Chairman of the Committee 172 XIII.— The Bath and West of England Experiments of 1887. By Dr. J. Augustus Voelokeb, B.So., F.C.S.i 247 XIV. — The Practical Outcome of the Barley Experiments. By Sir T. D. AcLAND 250 XV. — ^Experiments on Corn Crops. Reported by Sir T. D. Acland and W. Stevens 255 XVI. — Grass Experiments at Eillerton, Second and Third Year. By Sir T. D. Acland 262 THE NOTE-BOOK. 1. The Phenomena of Animal Life and Vegetation. By Sir H. Boscoe, 267. —2. The Wheat Crop of 1887. By Sir J. B. Lawes, Bart., F.E.S., 27a— 3. The Pig of the Future. By Sir J. B. Lawes, Bart., F.R S., 275.— 4. Grass Experiments, by Mabtin J. Sutton, at Dyson's Wood, 277. — 5. Seeds for Permanent Pastures, 278.-6. Butter Making. By Colonel. J. F. CuBTis Haywabd, 280. — 7. Management of Farm Horses, 284. — 8. Landowners and Village Water Supply, 285.-9. The Rainfall of 1887, 291.-10. Basic Slag. By Sir J. B. Lawes, Bart., F.E.S., 292.— 11. The Hessian Fly. Abridged from the Report of the CommiasioneTs, 295.-12. Agricultural Returns of Great Britain for 1887. Abridged from the Returns of the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council, 297.— 13. Produce Statistics of Great Britain, 312. THE FARMER'S LIBRARY.— Notes on New Books. 1. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 316 2.— Elements of Botany. By the late Professor Asa Gbay 327 3.— Transactions of the Surveyors' Institution 332 4 Proceedings of the Agricultural Research Association for the North- Eastern Counties of Scotland. By Sir T. U. Acland 337 5.— Report of the Essex Agricultural Society 343 6,7,8. — Almanacks 345 g The Agricultural Depression, By P. MoConnell Sol Lo-SDON : EDWARD STANFORD, 55, Ohabino Cross, S.W. 1888.