CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BEQUEST OF STEWART HENRY BURNHAM 1943 Date Due ! BPrr-^^tBf "*■" '^6J^, JS^I * I ' Cornell University Library E457.52.P88 A2 olin 3 1924 032 762 936 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032762936 /fr'i^-~e.^^ — -^ ^9-7 Abraham Lincoln, H I S GI|EAT FUpAL COpGE, FROM Washii^gtoij City to Sprii^gfield, Illi^Qis, WITH A HIST01|Y Af(p DESCiyPTIOf^ OF THE ^^ATIONAL LltiCOLI( MOf MEf(T, BY J. C, POWEI\. ^PRINQFIELD, ILLINOIS, 1872. Entered according to Act of Congress, In tlie year 1873, By JOHN CAEKOLL POWER, In the office of tjie Librarian of Congress, at "Washington, FREFAOE. When I first contemplated writing a history and description of the National Lincoln Monument, I had no thought of extending it beyond the limits of a small pamphlet. My desire was simply to prepare something that would enable visitors to the Monument to obtain such information as all are desirous to have, who enjoy the privilege of making such a visit. My intention was to confine it to such limits that the price would be no barrier to any visitor taking it. After beginning, it occurred to me that the subject might be made interest- ing to those who never expected to visit the Monument, and I began to prepare a biography of Abraham Lin- coln, intending to make it very brief. That soon grew to dimensions entirely beyond the limits I had fixed in my own mind. The idea that a medium course would be preferable, presented itself, and I decided to begin with the assassination, give a fu-U account of the jour- ney from Washington City to Springfield, and then fol- low with a history and description of the Monument. I was not unmindful that the frequent repetitions in- volved in describing the journey would make it very difficult to keep up the interest to the end. My con- viction that the description of the Great Funeral Cor- tege, and of the Monument should go together, overcame my misgivings, and I decided to rely upon the read- er's interest in the subject to hide any defects of ray own in presenting it. Springfield, III., March, 1873. J. C. P. This work is for sale by all booksellere ; but if you find your iieiirest book store without it, you can obtain a coijy through the mail, by sending $1.50 to J. .0. POWER, Springfield, Illinois. ; _J : .; Illinois Journal Co. Stereotypers Printers and Binders, Sprins:field. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE CH.VPTEIl I : 9 Surrender of the rebel army under General Lee, and de- , moustrations of rejoicing throughout the loyal States; Assassination of Ahraham Linoolu. and demonstrations of mourning throughout the Union' A striking con- trast between April 10 and April 15, 1805; Preparations for the funeral of President Lincoln. CM VPTER 11 19 Commencement of funeral services at the Execntive Man- sion, and in the Ttotunda of the Capitol of the nation, on the nineteenth of April — also at towns and cities all over the Union, and in the Dominion of Canada. Cn.VPTER III 28. Jtultitucles view the remains at the Capitol ; Preparations for the Funeral Cortege; Selection of the Gtviard of Honor ; Congressional Delegation ; Illinois Delegation and others. CH.VPTER IV 34 Closing scenes at "Washington, and departure of the Fu- neral Cortege; Arrival at Baltimore, and demonstra- tions of respect and mourning in that city ; Journey to Harrisburg, and manifestations of reverence and sorrow at that place ; From Harrisburg to Philadelphia, and incidents connected therewith. CHAPTER V 38 Reception at Philadelphia by an immense procession ; The remains conveyed to Independence Hall, where they lay. in state thirty-two hours, passing the Sabbath TABLE .OF CONTENTS. PAGE in this sanctuary of the Republic; The dead President and the broken Bell ; the tide of people pouring through the Hall to view the remains; Funeral services in the Philadelphia churches ; Departure of the Funeral Cor- tege, and incidents of the journey through New Jer- sey. CHAPTER VI 46 The funeral train arrives in New York ; Magnificent re- ception and gorgeous procession ; Ceaseless living tide through the City Hall, for more than twenty-four hours, night and day, to see the face of the dead President; Another grand procession escorts the remains through tlie streets; Jewish, Catholic and Protestant divines vie with each other in demonstrations of respect to the memory of Abraham Lincoln; Oration of George Ban- croft, Prayer by -a. Jewish Rabbi, and ode by William Cullen Bryant, all in Union Square; General Scott at the depot. CHAPTER VII 59 Departure of the train from New York ; Demonstrations opposite West Point, at Pouglikeepsie and other places ; Torchlight procession across the Hudson river ; Arri- val at Albany ; The remains lying in State at the Capi- tol; Immense number of people visit the remains; Capture aud death of Booth, the assassin; Gigantic procession escort the remains to the depot ; Departure of the Funeral Cortege. CHAPTER VIII 65 Incidents of the journey from Albany to Buffalo; A panorama of torch lights, musical societies and bands, military and citizens, through the entire night: arrival at Buffalo, and reception there; Throngs of people view the remai'is ; Canadians come over and take part in the demonstrations. TABLE OP CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER IX 72 Departure of the Funeral Cortege; Incidents of the journey, and demonstrations of sorrow along the line; Arrival at Cleveland, and magnificent reception ; Tem- ple erected for the purpose of exhibiting tlie remains; Gorgeous pi'ocession; Religious services; Tlirougs of people. CHAPTER X 78 The Funeral Cortege takes its leave of Cleveland at mid- night iu a heavy rain storm; Manifestations of sorrow at all the stations and towns on the road ; Arrival at Columbus; Demonstrations of sorrow by the invalid soldiers ; Great procession ; Oration by Hon. Job E. Stevenson ; Departure from Columbus. CHAPTER XI 85 Incidents of the journey, and manifestations of sorrow along the road; Richmond and Dublin, and the Qua- kers of Wayne county, Indiana ; Arrival at Indianapo- lis; The rain storm; Vast concourse of people view the remains throughout a rainy Sabbatli ; Rules and regulations for running the train ; Departure at mid- night. CHAPTER XII 93 Tlie people assemble iu great numbers at all the towns and stations; Lafayette; Michigan City; Arrival at Chicago; Magnificent funeral arch; Signal guns and tolling of bells; Grand procession; Former rebel sol- diers in the procession; Mottoes and inscriptions; Splendid decorations; Demonstrations of respect to deceased kings of England and to President Lincoln contrasted ; Closing the coflan, and a torchlight proces- sion to the depot ; The departure. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER XIII 106 Journey from Chicago; Demoustratjons at statiqns and towns along the route; Joliet; Bloomiugtoii; Arrival at Springfield; The procession; The remains at the State House. CHAPTER XIV 113 Descriptions of the decorations at the Stale House ; Gov- ernor's Mansion and the Lincoln residence; Mottoes and inscriptions; Money expended by the city of Springfield; Eutertaiiiing the vast multitude; Chicago Conmiittee of One Hundred have their photographs taken in front of the Lincoln residence; People march past the remains the entire uiglit; No cessation of visi- tors for twenty-four hours ; Siiigiug at the State House- hy two hundred and fifty voices; Funeral procession from the State House to Oak Ridge Cemetery; Relig- ious services at the tomb; Funeral oration by Bishop Simpson; Closing scenes at Oak Ridge; Table of dis- tances traveled by the Funeral Cortege. CHAPTER XV '. 130 National Lincoln Jlonumeut Association ; Construction of a temporary vault on the new State House grounds; Newly erected vault not used; Remains deposited in the public vault at Oak Ridge; Entry in the register; Nati(mal Liucolu Monument Association organized un- der the laws of Illinois; Personnel of 'its members; Elects officers aud adopts by-laws ; Decides to build the monument in Oak Ridge aud builds a temporary vault there; Advertise for designs for a monument; Adojjt that ofi'ered by Larkin Q. Mead ; Entered into contract with Mr. Mead for the statuary; Order statue of Lincoln and United States Coat of Arms to be made ; Contract with W. D. Richardson to build the architectural ])art of the monument. TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii PAGE CHAPTER XVI 141 Ground broken and work commenced on the monument ; Statement of the assets of the Association ; Executive or Building Committee ; Description of tlie monument ; Engraving of ground plan, with explanation ; Engra- ving of terrace, with explanation ; Engraving of eleva- tion of the crypts, with explanation; Engraving of sectional view of the monument, with explanation ; Ash- lars, containing the names of the States; Engraving of round pedestal, with explanation ; Engraving of U. S. Coat of Arms, with explanation; Engraving of the monument as it will appear when completed, with ex- planations. CHAPTER XVH 156 History and description of the stone from the wall of Ser- vius TuUius. CHAPTER XVin 163 History of the design and progress of the work ; Criti- cisms on the statue of Lincoln ; It is pronounced a sig- nal success; Death of Thomas (Tad) Lincoln, and depositing his remains in the monument; Governor Palmer becomes a member of the Association; Re- mains of President Lincoln removed from the tempo- rary vault into the crypt designed for it in the monu- ment. CHAPTER XIX 168 Raising the money to build the monument ; Contribu- tions by the Sunday School children; Colored people; Churches ; Free Masons ; Odd Fellows ; Indians ; Sol- diers ; Missionary sends money from Hong Kong, Chi- na ; Sunday School in Alaska ; Citizens of New York ; of Boston ; The only three States contributing to tlie funds; Work all paid for as far as completed; Tributes of the Nations, or Expresssons of Condolence and Sympatliy; Present membership of the Association; Executive Committee. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGK CHAPTER XX 183 Report of the Association ; Committee of the Association appointed to supervise the preparation of this chapter ; Appropriation from the State of New York lapsed; Contribution of Charlotte Scott, the nucleus of the Freedmen's Lincoln Monument Fund, at St. Louis; Overture to turn that fund over to the N. L. M. Asso- ciation at Springfield ; Deliverance of A. M. E. Confer- ence at Indianapolis ; Interview of the author with Hon. James E. Yeatmau ; Letter from Hon. C. S. Greeley, Treasurer of the Western Sanitary Commission ; Com- mittee appointed to make arrangements for unveiling the statue of Lincoln ; Committee visit Chicago and un- expectedly receive proposals to furnish a group of statu- ary ; Visit New York, Boston and Chicopee ; Encoura- ging report; Great conflagration at Chicago; The monument contrasted with our government at the be- ginning of the rebellion ; Proposal to release citizens of Chicago from their promises ; Decline to be released, and proposition to have the work go forward at once ; Order given for the Infantry Group ; Committee make another visit East; Another good report; Cavalry Group taken by Boston ; Naval Group by New York ; Artillery Group by Philadelphia; Another visit to Chicopee ; Statue nearly completed ; Hon. W. H. Sew- ard invited to visit Springfield and deliver the oration ; Declines on account of failing health; Renewal of the $10,000 contribution by the State of New York ; Finan- cial statement of the Treasurer of the N. L.M. Associa- tion ; Letter from Gov. Morgan ; Naval Group ordered. CHAPTER XXI. 199 History and description of Oak Ridge Cemetery, with a map. CHAPTER I. When the sad tidings of the assassination of Abra-, ham Lincoln were conveyed upon the wings of the tele- graph to all parts of America on the morning of April 15, 1865, there was no place where it fell with such crushing weight as in the city of Springfield, where his trials and triumphs were personally known to all. This was Saturday morning. Only five days before, Mon- day morning, April tenth, the news had been received that the largest part of the rebel army, under General Lee, had surrendered to our own General Grant. On the ,reception of the news of that surrender in Springfield, Hags leaped as if by magic from public buildings and private residences all over the city. An hour later, all business was suspended, and the people were assembled in and around the State House square, to congratulate each other on the glorious news. The excitement in- creased with the crowd, and found expression in hur- rahs, songs and grotesque processions, and the church and fire bells all over the city rang out their merry peals. This was continued for hours, and until all classes, old and young, joined in the general jubilee. Flags, large and small were attached to houses, horses, vehicles, hats, coats, and every other place where a flag could be displayed. Business houses and private resi- dences vied with each other in their display of patriotic emblems. A splendid flag was thrown to the breeze from the old home of President Lincoln. In the afternoon a procession, civic and military, chiefly grotesque and ludicrous, paraded the streets. The principal object of interest was the old dark bay 10 THE GEEAT PUNEEAL COETEGE, horse that Mr. Lincoln had ridden many hundred miles on professional business and in his iDolitical campaigns. " Old Bob," or " Robin," was decorated with a rich blanket, red, white and blue, thickly studded with flags, and bearing the inscription, " Old Abe's Horse." He was soon robbed of his flags^ they having been se- cured by the peojole as mementoes. About half past six o'clock p. m. a salute of twenty guns was fired, followed by a fine display of fire-works. Many of the public and private residences were then illuminated. By eight o'clock an immense crowd of citizens had assembled in the State House and grounds surrounding it. Patriotic sjDeeches were made by a number of prominent men, interspersed with music by a fine band. At a later hour the citizens dispersed to their homes ; the noise died away, and the city was at rest. It was but a day or two until an order was issued by the Secretary of War for all recruiting and drafting to cease. This assured the people that the government .> regarded the war to be virtually at an end, and gave a new impetus to the rejoicing all over the land. This description of the way the people acted in Springfield will apply to hundreds and thousands of towns and cities all over our country. The people continued to meet each other, everywhere, with broad smiles and words of congratulation, up to Friday night, April 14. We will return again to the citizens of Springfield, and describe their actions as an illustration of the sud- den change in the feelings of the people all over the land, from almost a delirium of joy, to the lowest depths of sorrow. On the fatal Saturday morning, April 15, the citi- zens of Springfield, half dressed, and, perhaps, yawn- ing from the effects of a full night's sleep, as they sauntered out to their front yards and took up the morn- ing Journal, saw nothing unusual in the paper at first, but on opening it and finding the rules reversed, dis- playing heavy dark lines between the columns, they AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 11 hastened to find the cause. It was the work of a mo- ment to read, in substance : "President Lincoln shot by an assassin, in Ford's Tlieatre, last night! Secretary Seward, at tlie same tim^, slabbed, as he lay in bed, from the effect of wounds received by being thrown from his carriage a few days before ! ! Both thought to be in a dying con- dition!!! Vice President Johnson, Secrstary Stanton and Lieut. General Grant were to have been assassinated also, but some of^ tlie conspirators failed to perform the parts assigned them!!!! General Grant saved by unexpectedly leaving the Capital ! ! ! ! ! By a common impulse, the people assembled about the State House square to talli of the awful tidings. The telegraph office was besieged for more news. It was ascertained at an early hour that the President, was DEAD, and later in the day, that Secretary Seward would probably recover. After the first shock, all felt a desire to give some public expression to their feelings. Very soon the sad insignia of sorrow were displayed in profusion from the houses of the wealthy, and by all in proportion to their ability. The very poor in the out- skirts of the city were equally anxious with their more favored fellow citizens, to testify their sorrow for the untimely death of him whom all loved. From the doors of many such were displayed a piece of any black goods they could obtain, if it was but a narrow strip and a few inches in length. These demonstrations were made, with very few exceptions, Avithout any distinction, what- ever, as to political preferences. The crime was so diabolical, and so firmly had Abra- ham Lincoln entrenched himself in the hearts of the people, that many, for the time being were involunta- rily disposed to question the wisdom and goodness of God in permitting the awful deed to be consummated. This was doubtless felt in many instances where it failed to find utterance in words ; but, in some cases, it was outspoken. A clergyman of Springfield had 12 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, a niece residing in his family, who, as soon as she heard the news, ran to him, and, with tears streaming down her face, said, " O, uncle, it does seem to me that I can never love God any more." With the more thoughtful, however, it created a feeling of inquiry as to why it was permitted, and with all such,as expressed by the mayor of Springfield to the City Council that morn- ing, the inquiry was, " Lord, what wilt Thou have us to do." A call was early issued by the Mayor, J. S. Vreden- burg, for a meeting of the City Council at ten o'clock. A notice was also circulated, that a meeting of the citizens would be held in the State House yard at twelve o'clock, noon. When the City Council assembled, it passed resolutions to unite with the citizens in their public demonstration, and after appointing a committee to draft resolutions expressive of their feelings, ad- journed until four o'clock p. ra. The meeting at the State House was called to order at noon, and after organizing, several of those who had long been intimately acquainted with the fallen chieftain made interesting remarks, calling up many reminiscences of his past life. Hon. John T. Stuart, as chairman of a committee appointed for that purpose, reported a series of resolutions, which were adopted as expressive of the feelings of the meeting. I find space for a single one of those resolutions : Resolved, That inasmuch as this city lias, for a long time, been the home of the President, in which he has graced witli his Itind- ness of lieart and honesty of purpose, all the relations of life, it is appropriate that its "City of the Dead" should be the final resting place of all of him that is mortal, and to this end we respectfnlly request the appointment of a committee on the part of the City Council, to act in conjunction with the Governor of the State, with a view of bringing hither his remains for inter- ment. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 13 The City Council assembled, pursuant to adjourn- ment, and adopted the resolution passed by the public assembly relative to the removal of the remains, and appointed the following committee, to proceed to Wash- ington City, for the purpose of co-operating with Gov- ernor Oglesby — who was there at the time of the assassination — in bringing the remains of President Lincoln to Springfield : Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Hon. Lyman Trumbull, Hon. John T. Stuart, Hon. Shelby M. CuUom, Ex-Governor Richard Yates, Gen. I. N. Haynie, Gen. John A. McClernand, Ex-Mayor J. S. Vredenburg and Mayor elect Thomas J. Dennis. Gov- ernor Oglesby was informed by telegraph of the action of the City Council. A series of resolutions, reported by Alderman Wohlgemuth, as chairman of the com- mittee appointed for that purpose, were adopted as ex- pressing the feelings of the members of the council. Within a week after the assassination, almost every society in Springfield, religious, political, benevolent and social, passed resolutions expressive of their sorrow for the death of Abraham Lincoln, and horror at the crime of his' assassination. On Sunday, the sixteenth, the people flocked to the churches, as though they were fleeing from some great calamity. Men who had not been seen in the house of God for months, were, on that day, among the earliest, and seemingly the most attentive and devotional wor- shippers. In some of the churches, the pulpits were draped in mourning, and the services partook of sol- emnities appropriate to a funeral occasion. We will once more look upon the scenes being en- acted at the capital of the nation. President Lincoln breathed his last at twenty-two minutes past seven o'clock, on the morning of April 15. At half past nine o'clock, the body was removed to the Execiitive Mansion, and on the afternoon of that day it was embalmed and otherwise prepared for sepulture, by 14 THE GEEAT FUXEEAL CORTEGE, being placed in a wooden coffin, upon which was a plate bearing the inscription : ABRAHAM LINCOLN, IGth president of the unitbd states. born february 12, 1809. died april 15, 1865. The coffin was then placed on a dais within a grand catafalque, in the East Room, surrounded by the sad emblems of woe and covered with the most rare and costly floral tributes of affection. On the same day, at eleven o'clock, Chief Justice Chase administered to the Vice President, Andrew Johnson, the oath of office as President of the United States. By this prompt action, the interregnum in the office of President was but a little more than three hours in duration. President Johnson immediately called a meeting of the Cabinet. At this meeting Wil- liam Hunter was appointed Acting Secretary of State, to serve during the disability of Secretary Seward. On Monday morning the following proclamation was issued and telegraphed to all parts of the nation : " The undersigned is directed to announce that the funeral cere- monies of the lamented Chief Magistrate, will take place at the Executive Mansion, in this city, at 12 o'clock noon, Wednesday, the nineteenth inst. The various religious denominations throughout the country are invited to meet in their respective places of wor- ship at the time, for the purpose of solemnizing the occasion by approi^riate ceremonies. "W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. Washington, April 17, 1865." On the same day, the following order was issued, preparatory to observing funeral rites suitable to the occasion, at Washington : AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 15 Wah Dbpartmbnt, Adjutant General's Office,) Washington, April 17, 1865. ) The following order of arrangements is directed : ORDER OF PROCESSION. FuNER.AL Escort in Column op March. One Regiment of Cavahy. Two Batteries of Artillery. Battalion of j\Iariucs. Two Regiments of Infantry. Commander of Escort and Staff. Dismounted Officers of Marino Corps, Navy and Army, in the order named; Mounted Officers of SlariiieCorps, Navy and Army, in the order named; all Military Officers to be in Uniform, with Side-arms. civic procession. The Surgeon General of the United States Army, and Physicians to the Deceased. Clergy in Attendance. PALL BEARERS. PALL BEARERS. On tlw part of tlie Senate. On tlie part of the Souse. Mr Foster, of Connecticut. Mr. Morgan, of New York. Mr. Johnson, of Maryland. Mr. Yates, of Illinois. Mr, Wade, of Ohio. Mr. Conness, of California. Army. Navy. Mr. Dawes, of Massachusetts. IMr. Coflfroth, of Pennsylvania. Mr. Smith, of Kentucky. Mr. Colfnx, of Indiana. Mr. Worthington, of Nevada. Mr. Washburn, of Illinois. Vice Admiral D. G. Farragnt. Rear Admiral W. B. Shubrick. Col. Jacob Zeilen, Marine Corps. Lieut. Gen. U. S. Grant. Major General H. W. Halleck. Brev. Brig. Gen. W. A. Nichols. Civilians. O. H. Browning. 1 Thomas Corwin, George Ashmuu. | Simon Cameron. Family. Relatives. The Delegations of States of Illinois and Kentucky, as Mourners, The President. The Cabinet Ministers. The Diplomatic Corps. Ex-Presidents. The Chief Justice, And Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. 16 THE GEEAT FUNERAL COETEGB, The Senate of the United States, preceded by their Officers. Members of the House of Representatives of the United States. Grovernovs of the several States and Territories. Legislatures of the several States and Territories. The Federal Judiciary, And the Judiciary of the several States and Territories. The Assistant Secretaries of State, Treasury, "War, Navy, Interior, and the Assistant Postmasters General, and the Assistant Attorney General Officers of the Smithsonian Institute. Members and Officers of the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. Corporate Authorities of "Washington, Georgetown and other cities. Delegations of the several States. The Reverend the Clergy of the Various Denominations. Clerks and employees of the several Departments and Bureaus, Preceded by the heads of such Bureaus and their respective Chief Clerks. Such Societies as may wish to join the Procession. Citizens and Strangers. The troops designated to form the escort will assemble in the Avenue north of thePresident'shouse,andform line precisely at 11 o'clock a. m., on Wednesday, the nineteenth inst. with the left resting on Fifteenth street. The procession will move precisely at 2 o'clock p. m. on the conclusion of the religious services at the Executive Mansion — appointed to commence at 13 o'clock meri- dian — when minute guns will be fired by detachments of artillery, stationed at St. John's Church, the City Hall, and at the Capitol. At the same hour, the bells of the several churches in Washing- ton, Georgetown and Alexandria will be tolled. At sunrise on Wednesday, the nineteenth inst. a federal salute will be fired from the Military Stations in the vicinity of Washington, minute guns between the hours of 12 and 3 o'clock, and a national salute at the setting of the sun. The usual badge of mourning will be worn on the left arm, and on the hilt of the sword. By order of the Secretary of War : W. A. NICHOLS, Aamtwnt Adjutant Oenercd. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 17 The Governors of several of the loyal States, imme- diately after the capture of the rebel army under Gen- eral Lee, issued proclamations appointing days for thanksgiving in their respective States. These were all countermanded after the assassination of the Presi- dent, and the proclamation of the Acting Secretary of State adojjted instead. That proclamation was incor- porated into and made the principal part of the procla- mations by Governors of States and Mayors of cities throughout the United States, and also in the British Provinces of North America. The proclamations of some of the Mayors in the Dominion of Canada were fully equal in their expressions of heartfelt sympathy and condolence with those from similar officers in the United States. In the absence of Governor Oglesby from the State, Lieutenant Governor William Bross issued a procla- mation to the people of Illinois, recommending them to assemble in their several places of worship, at as early a day as possible, to " devoutly implore Almighty God to have mercy onus; that He will restrain the wrath of man and cause the remainder of his wrath to praise Him." On the same day that Secretary. Hunter issued his proclamation. Governor Oglesby adopted it, and adds : "Responding to the spirit of the announcement; I call upon the people of the State of Illinois, tlie home of her martyred sou, to meet in their various churches and places of public worship on that day, to observe it in such manner as tliis painful occasion shall suggest at the solemn hour. Done at Springfield, April 17,. 1865. R. J. OGLESBY." Hon. T. J. Dennis having been installed Mayor on the evening of the 17th, his first official act was to issue a proclamation in harmony with that of the Acting 18 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Secretary of State at Washington, and the one by Gov- ernor Oglesby, calling on the people of Springfield to assemble at their several places of worship at the time designated to engage in services appropriate to the oc- casion. AKD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 19 CHAPTER II. On Wednesday morning, April 19, 1865, the sun arose in splendor on the glittering domes of the nation's Capital. The East Room of the Executive Mansion, where a Harrison and a Taylor had lain in state, now contained all that was mortal of one who was immeas- urably greater than either of them, judging by the re- sult of his labors and the grateful esteem in which he was held by the people of the nation. The hour was approaching for the services to commence. None could be admitted without tickets, and there being only room for six hundred persons, that number qf cards were is- sued, of which the following is an imitation : SOUTH. EiSBCTTTIVS 2»CAXTSZ01T, On "WEDNESDAY, the Near 11 o'clock a body of about sixty clergj-men entered the Mansion. Then came heads of Government Bureaus, Governors of States, members of municipal 20 THE GEEAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, governments, prominent officers of the army and navy, representatives of foreign governments, or what is usually termed the Diplomatic Corps. At noon. Presi- dent Johnson, in company with his cabinet, except Secretary Seward, of the State Department, approached the catafalque and took a last look at his illustrious ]ircdecessor. The religious services were opened by the Rev. Dr. Hall, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and Rector of the Epiphany, who read portions of t^'cripture used in the impressive burial service of that church, and prayer by jSishop Simpson, of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church. Rev. Dr. P. D. Gurley, of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, and pastor of the President and family, then delivered an impressive funeral sermon. I can only give a single quotation, but that will enable us to understand how President Lincoln labored with such untiring patience in the discharge of his official duties : " I speak what I'kiiow, and testify what I have often heard hhn say, when I afflnn that the Divine goodness and mercy were the props on which lie leaned. Never shall I forget the emphatic and deep emotion with which he said, in this very room, to a company of clergymen and others, who called to pay him their respects, in the darkest days of our civil conflict : ' Gentlemen, my hope of success in this struggle rests on that immutable foundation, the justness and goodness of God ; and when events are very threat- ening, I still hope that, in some way, all will be well in the end, because our cause is just, and God will be on our side.' Such was liis sublime and holy faith, and it was an anchor to his soul. It made him firm and strong ; it emboldened him in the pathway of duty, however rugged and perilous it miglit be ; it made him val- iant for the right, for the cause of God and humanity, and it held him in steady patience to a policy of administration whiclx he tliouglit both God and humUnity required him to adopt." Rev. Dr. E. H. Gray, Pastor of the E Street Baptist Church, who was at the time Chaplain of the United AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 21 States. Senate, closed the services at the Executive jNIansion by a fervent prayer. The coffin was then conveyed to the hearse, and at two o'clock the procession began to move. It took the line of Pennsylvania Avenue, and was one hour and a half in passing the Executive Mansion. The rooms, porticos and buildings at all elevated points in the city were occupied by spectators. As the proces- sion moved, all the bells of Washington, Georgetown and Alexandria tolled, and minute guns were fired at the three points named in the order of April 17th. First in order of procession was a detachment of colored troops, then followed white regiments of infantry, cavalry, batteries of artillery and the marine corps ; army officers on foot, the pall bearers in car- riages, 'and then came the hearse, drawn by six white horses. The coffin was so elevated as to be seen from all points. The floor of the hearse was covered with evergreens and white flowers. Then followed Presi- dent Johnson and his cabinet, the Diplomatic corps, members of Congress, Governors of States, delegations from the various States — that from Illinois having the post of honor as chief mourners — tlien came clerks of dejDartments, military organizations, fire companies and civic associations, public and private carriages, closing witli a large body of colored men and a great concourse of citizens and strangers. Arriving at the Capitol, the coffin was conveyed to the rotunda, wliere it was again j)laced on a magnificent catafalque. This was incomparably the largest and luost imposing funeral procession ever seen in the Capital of the nation. The nineteenth of April was observed with religious services all over the loyal States and the reclaimed rebel States and parts of States, and in the British Prov- inces of North America. In addition to this, the people of hundreds and thousnads of towns and cities in the Union turned out in solemn processions, bearing em- 22 THE GREAT FUXEEAL COETEGE, blems, mottoes and other devices expressive of., their love for the memory of Abraham Lincoln, and of their sorrow for his death. Many of these processions are mentioned in the newspapers of the day, as being com- posed of from five to twenty thousand persons. Aside from what was done in the city of Washing- ton on that day, I shall only describe the public dem- onstrations at the old home of Mr. Lincoln, Springfield, Illinois. Springfield, on the nineteenth, presented the appear- ance of deep gloom and sadness. On the day of Mr. Lincoln's death all goods in the stores that could be used for draping the buildings in mourning were taken, and more ordered at once by the merchants. Such addi- tions were made that on this day the insignia of sorrow were profusely displayed on the State House, Governor's Mansion, Post Office, Arsenal, the military headquar- ters of Gen. John Cook, all the State and county offices, and nearly all the business houses and residences in the city. The feelings of the people prompted them almost universally to comply with proclamation of Mayor Dennis, and close their houses of business. Flags on the public buildings were draped with mourning and hung at half mast. Stillness, more profound than that of the Sabbath, reigned throughout the city. Before the hour appointed for assembling, the people began to wend their way to the churches. When the time arrived for the services to commence — at noon — twenty minute-guns were fired, at the Arsenal. The churches were nearly all filled to overflowing, with sorrowing and attentive audiences. The services partook partly of religious condolence and partly of panegyric and eulogium. Laymen, as well as ministers, took part in the exercises. In the First Presbyterian Church, of which Mrs. Lincoln was a member, and which the family attended while in Springfield, there were several brief but inter- esting addresses delivered. Eev. Dr. Bergen, a former AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 23 pastor of the Church, and the Hon. John T. Stuart, the first law partner of Mr. Lincoln, were the principal speakers. The address by Mr. Stuart is spoken of as having been replete with interesting reminiscences of their long and intimate acquaintance, and, as a whole, was such a fitting eulogium on the life and character of the departed Chief Magistrate, as to do honor to the head and heart of the speaker. In the Second Presbyterian Church, there was a number of speeches also. The Rev. Albert Hale, Rev. Dr. Harkey and Hon. Lyman Trumbull, were the principal speakers. Mr. Trumbull spoke for nearly an hour, in the most eloquent and touching strain, of the virtues, magnanimity and integrity of Abraham Lincoln. His remarks elicted deep responses in every heart. His address is remembered by those who heard it as an elaborate, truthful and pathetic panegyric on the life, character and public services of Abraham Lincoln. In the First Baptist Church, an address was deliv- ered by the Hon. W. H. Herndon, who had been the law partner of Abraham Lincoln for more than twenty years. The partnership remained until the day of Mr. Lincoln's death. Mr. Herndon spoke in feeling terms of the public and private life of his departed friend and co-laborer. Hon. J. C. Conkling, a long and inti- mate friend of Mr. Lincoln, at the same church, deliv- livered an equally interesting address, in which many reminiscences of the late Cheif Magistrate were called up. Judge Broadwell addressed the people at the same church, also. Appropriate services were held in the Third Presby- terian Church. At the First Methodist Church, the Rev. J. L. Crane, the pastor, delivered an able and interesting discourse on the life and public services of Abraham Lincoln. Services suitable to the occasion were held in the English Lutheran, North Baptist, German Catholic and 24 THE GREAT FUXEEAL" CORTEGE, many other churches throughout the city. It was a day of quiet, subdued and heartfelt mourning for the loss of one whom all could think of as a brother and friend, and at the same time as a Chief Magistrate of a great nation, unexcelled by any potentate of either ancient or modern times. Several days elapsed after the assassination before it was certainly known that his remains would be brought back to his old home for interment. The City Council of Springfield assembled, on the nineteenth of April, and passed an ordinance appropri- ating twenty thousand dollars to be expended in defray- ing the expenses connected with the funeral of Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States. The ordinance was approved on the twentieth by Mayor Dennis. Artists were put to work to decorate the State House, both on the exterior and interior, with mourn- ing drapery. A public meeting of the citizens was called, on the twenty-fourth of the month, to make suitable arrangements for the reception of the bodv, then on its journey from the Capital of the nation to his former prairie home. This public assembly, in order to act more efficiently, appointed a committee of arrangements, composed of men who had all enjoyed a personal acquaintance with the now martyred Presi- dent. After taking the initial steps for the contsruc- tion of a temporary vault, to be ready by the time the funeral train should arrive, the committee resolved itself into a "national LINCOLN MONUMENT ASSOCIATION, for the purpose of receiving funds and disbursing the same, for obtaining grounds and erecting a monu- ment thereon, in Springfield, Illinois, to the memory of our lamented Chief Magistrate, Abraham Lincoln." Hon. James H. Beveridge, then Treasurer of the State AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMEifT. 25 of Illinois, was named as the treasurer of the Associa- tion, and "the officers, soldiers and sailors in the army and navy, in camps, stations, forts and hospitals ; loyal leagues, lodges of Masons and Odd Fellows, religious and benevolent associations, churches of all denomina- tions, and the colored population," were requested to contribute fof the purpose, the second week in May, or as soon thereafter as possible, and remit to the treas- urer named. National banks and postmasters were requested to act as agents. The proceedings were telegraphed to all parts of the country, and published in the papers. Two days after the association was organized, its Executive Committee published an ap- peal to the nation that it would, " by one simultaneous movement, testify its regard for his exalted character ; its appreciation of his distinguished services, and its sorrow for his death, by erecting to his memory a monument that will forever prove that republics are not ungrateful." The Association at once contracted for a piece of land, containing five or six acres, near the central part of the city, upon which to erect the monument con- templated, and proceeded to construct a temporary vault — at the expense of the city — as a resting place- for the remains of the President until the monument could be built. Men labored upon it night and day, in order to have it ready by the time the funeral cor- tege Avas expected to arrive. 26 * THE GEEAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, CHAPTER III. "We will now return to the city of Washington. Before the departure of the funeral cortege, arrange- ments were all completed for transportation. The fol- lowing order was issued ; Wak Dbp't, Washington City, April 18, 1865. His Excellency Governor Brough, and Jolm "W. Garrett, Esq., are requested to act as a Committee of Arrangements of transpor- tation of tlie remains of the late President, Abraham Lincoln, from Wasliington to tlieir final resting place. They are author- ized to arrange the time tables with the respective railroad com- panies, and do and regulate all things for safe and appropriate transportation. They will cause notice of this appointment, and tlieir acceptance, to be published for the public information. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. Messrs. Brough and Garrett promptly accepted their appointments, and entered upon the discharge of their duties. "When they had prepared their report, the fol- lowing was issued as a special order : War Dep't, Washington City, April 18, 1865, Ordered : First, That the following report, and the arrangements therein specified, be approved and confirmed, and that the transportation of the remains of the late President, Abraham Lincoln, from Washington to his former home, at Springfield, the Capital of Illi- nois, be conducted in accordance with the said report and the arrangements therein specified. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 27 Second, That for the purpose of said transportation, the rail- roads over wliich said transportation is made be declared military roads, subject to the orders of tlie War Department, and that the railroads and the locomotiTes, cars and engines engaged in trans- portation be subject to the military control of Brigadier General McCallum, superintendant of military railroad transportation; and all persons arerequired to conform to the rules, regulations, orders and directions he may give or prescribe for the transportation aforesaid ; and all persons disobeying the orders shall be deemed to have violated the military orders of the War Department, and shall be dealt with accordingly. Third, That no person shall be allowed to be transferred upon the cars constituting the funeral train save those who are specially authorized by the order of the War Department. The funeral train will not exceed nine cars, including baggage car, and the hearse car, which will proceed over the whole route from Wash- iugton to Springfield,- Illinois. Fourth, At the various points on the route, where the remains are to be taken from the hearse car by State or municipal authori- ties, to receive public honors, according to the aforesaid pro- gramme, the said authorities will make such arrangements as may be fitting and appropriate to the occasion, under the direction of the miliary commander of the division, department, or district, but the remains will continue always under the special charge of the oflScers and escort assigned by this Department. By order of the Secretary of War. E. D. TOWNSEND, Asiistant Adjutant Qeneral. REPORT OF MESSRS. BROUGH AND GARRETT. Washihgton City, D. C, April 18, 1865. Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War : Sir — Under your commission of this date, we have the honor to report — 1. A committee of the citizens of the State of Illinois, appoint- ed for the purpose of attending to the removal of the remains of the late President to their State, has furnished us with the follow- ing route for the remains and escort, being, with the exception of 28 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, two points, the route traversed by Mr. Lincoln from Springfield to Washington : Washington to Baltimore, thence to Harrishurg, Philadelphia, New York, Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland, Columbus, Indianapolis, Chicago to Springfield. 3. Over this route, under the counsels of the committee, we have prepared the following time card, in all cases for special trains : TIME CARD. Leave Washington Friday morning, April 31, at 8 o'clock, and arrive at Baltimore at 10 o'clock a. m. Leave Baltimore at 3 o'clock p. m., and reach Harrisburg at8 :20 p. m., same day. Leave Harrisburg at 13 o'clock noon, Saturday, 33, and arrive ill Philadelphia at 5 :30 p. m. Leave Philadelphia at 4 a. m. Monday, 34, and arrive in New York at 10 a. m., the same day. Leave New York at 4 p. m. Tuesday, 35, and arrive in Albany at 11 p. m., same day. Leave Albany at 4 p. m, Wednesday, 36, and arrive at Buffalo at 7 a. m. Thursday, 37. Leave Buffalo at 10 :10 p. m., the same day, and arrive in Cleve- land at 7 a. m. on Friday, 28. Leave Cleveland at midnight, same day, and arrive in Columbus at 7 :30 a. m. Saturday, 29. Leave Columbus at 8 o'clock p. m. Saturday, 39, and arrive in Indiaitapolis at 7 a. m. Sunday, 30. Leave Indianapolis at 13 midnight, Sunday, and arrive in Chi- cago at 11 a. ui. Monday, May 1. Leave Chicago at 9:30 p.m. Tuesday, May 2, and arrive in Springfield at 8 o'clock a. m. Wednesday, May 8. The route from Columbus to Indianapolis is via the Columbus i& Indianapolis Central railway, and from Indianapolis to Chicago via Lafayette & Michigan City. 3. As to the running of these special trains, which, in order to guard, as far as practicable, against accidents and detentions, we AXD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 29 have reducecl to about twenty miles per hour, we suggest the fol- lowing regulations : 1. That the time of the departure and arrival be observed as closely as possible. 3. That material detentions at way points be guarded against as much as practicable, so as not to increase the speed of trains. 3. That a pilot engine be kept ten minutes in advance of the train. 4. That the special train, in all cases, have the right of road, and that all other trains be kept out of its way. 5. That the several railroad companies provide a sufficient number of coaches for the comfortable accommodation of tlie escort, and a special car for the remains ; and that all these, to- gether with the engines, be appropriately draped In mourning. 6. That where the running time of any train extends beyond or commences at midnight, not less than two sleeping-cars be add- ed, and a greater number if the road can command them, sufficient for the accommodation of the escort. 7. That two officers of the United States Military Railway Ser- vice be detailed by you, and despatched at once over the route to confer with the several railway officers, and make all necessary preparations for carrying out these arrangements promptly and satisfactorily. 8. That this programme and these regulations, if approved, be confirmed by an order of the War Department. Bespectfully submitted, JOHN BROUGH, ) ri.^^iH.. JOHN W. GARRETT, \ ^ommiJJc«. The following with reference to the GUARD OF HONOR, "Was next issued : 1 "Wats Department, General Orders, 72. [ Adjdtant Genetial's Office, ) Washington, April 20, 1865. The following general officers and Guard of Honor will accom- pany the remains of the President from the city of Washington to the city of Springfield, the Capital of Illinois, and continue with them until they are consigned to their final resting place : 30 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Brevet Brigadier General E. D. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant General, to represent the Secretary of War. Brevet Brigadier General Charles Thomas, Assistant Quarter- master General. Brigadier General A. B. Eaton, Commissary General of Sub- sistence. Brevet Major General J. G. Barnard, Lieutenant Colonel of Engineers. Brigadier General G. D. Ramsey, prdnance Department. Brigadier General A. P. Howe, Chief of Artillery. Brevet Brigadier General D. C. McCallum, Superintendent of Military Roa,ds. Major General D. Hunter, U. S. Volunteers. Brigadier General J. C. Caldwell, U. S. Volunteers. Twenty-five picked men, under a Captain. By order of the Secretary of War : Official. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General. The following officers acted with the Guard of Honor, although I have been unable to find the order assigning them to that duty : Rear Admiral C. H. Davis, U. S. Navy. Captain W. R. Taylor, U. S. Navy. Major T. H. Field, U. S. Marine Corps. Including them, the Guard of Honor consisted of twelve general officers. The picked men were all members of the Veteran Reserve corps, and were selected from the following regiments : Ninth — Captain J. M. McCamley, J. R^. Edwards, J. F. Nelson, L. E. Bulock, P. Callaghan^ A. K. Mar- shall. Seventh — First Lieutenant J. R. Durkee, First Ser- geant C. Swinehart, S. Carpenter, A. C. Cromwell. Tenth — Second Lieutenant E. Murphy, W. T. Daly, J. Collins, W. H. Durgin, Frank Smith. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 31 Twelfth — Second Lieutenant E. Hoppy, G. E. Good- rich, A. E. Carr, F. Carley, W. H. Noble. Fourteenth — J. Karr, J. P. Smith, J. Hanna, Mghieenthr—F. D. Forehard, J. M. Sedgwick, E. W. Lewis. Twenty-fourth — J. P. Berry, W. H. Wiseman and J. M. Pardun. The three gentlemen whose names are annexed accompanied the escort, each acting in the capacity des- ignated below. Captain Charles Penrose, Quartermaster and Com- missary of Subsistence to the entire party. Dr. Charles R. Brown, Embalmer. Frank T. Sands, Undertaker. Congress was not in session at the time of the assas- sination, but a public meeting was called of all who were members of either house, or who were delegates in Congress from any of the territories, and happened then to be in Washington. This explains why some of the States were not represented on this committee. The following gentlemen were chosen from those who were present, and the body thus chosen was desig- nated the Congressional Committee : States. — Maine, Mr. Pike, New Hampshire, Mr Rol- lins ; Vermont, Mr. Foot and Mr. Baxter ; Connecti- cut, Mr. Dixon ; Massachusetts, Mr. Sumner and Mr. Hooper; Rhode Island, Mr. Anthony; New York, Mr. Harris; Pennsylvania, Mr. Cowan; Ohio, Mr. Schenck ; Kentucky, Mr. Smith ; Indiana, Mr. Julian ; Minnesota, Mr. Ramsey ; Michigan, Mr. Chandler and Mr. Ferry; Iowa, Mr. Harlan; Illinois, Messrs. Yates, Washburn, Farnsworth and Arnold, unless they pre- ferred being considered part of the Illinois delegation ; California, Mr. Shannon ; Oregon, Mr. Williams ; Kansas, Mr. Clarke ; West Virginia, Mr. Whaley ; Maryland, Mr. Phelps ; New Jersey, Mr. Newell ; Nevada, Mr. Nye; Nebraska, Mr. Hitchcock. 32 THE GBEAT FUNERAL COETEGE, Territories. — Colorado, Mr. Bradford; Idaho, Mr. "Wallace ; Dacotah, Mr. Weed. George N. Brown, Sergeant-at-Arras of the United States Senate. N. G. Ordway, Sergeant-at-Arms of the United States House of Eepresentative's. Some of the above named gentlemen accompanied the remains, but many of them did not. NAMES OF THE ILLINOIS DELEGATION. Gov. R. J. Oglesby; Gen. Isham N. Haynie, Adju- tant General of Illinois . Col. J. H. Rowen, Col. W. H. Hanna, Col. D. B. James, Major S. Waite, Col. D. L. Phillips, U. S. Marshal for the Southern District of Illinois ; Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Col. John Williams, Dr. S. H. Melvin, E. F. Leonard, Hon. S. M. Cul- lom, Hon. O. M. Hatch. GOVERNERS OF STATES ACCOMPANYING THE ESCORT: Governor Stone, of Iowa, arid the Hon. Mr. Lough- ridge, of that State, accompanied the escort the entire journey, and rode in the car occupied by the Illinois Delegation. REPORTERS FOR THE PRESS: L. A. Gobright, of Washington City, and C. R. Morgan, for the Associated Press ; U. H. Painter, for the Philadelphia Inquirer; E. L. Crounse, for the New York Times; G. B. Woods, of the Boston Daily Adver- tiser ; Dr. Adonis, of the Chicago Tribune; C. A. Page, New York Tribune. The hearse car was one that had been built in Alex- andria, Va., for the United States military railroads, and was intended for the use of President Lincoln and other officers of the Government when traveling over those roads. It contained a parlor, sitting room and sleeping apartment, all of which was fitted up in the most approved modern style. The car intended for the family of the President and the Congres.sional Commit- tee, belonged to the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Bal- AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 33 timore railroad company, ordinarily used by the Presi- dent and Directors of the company. It was divided into four compartments, thus : parlor, chamber, dining room and kitchen; with water tanks and gasometer. The whole car was fitted up in the most elegant and costly manner. Both of these cars were richly draped in mourning. The remains of President Lincoln having been placed in the rotunda of the Capitol on the nineteenth of April, continued to lie there until the time appointed to start on the western journey. A continuous throng of visit- ors filed past the coffin the entire day of the twentieth. During that day more than twenty-five thousand persons looked upon the face of the illustrious deceased, many of them soldiers who left their beds, in the hospitals, to take one last look at their departed chieftain. 34 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, CHAPTER IV. At six o'clock on the morning of April 21, the members of the Cabinet, Lieutenant General Grant and his staif, several United States Senators, the Illinois delegation, and a considerable number of army officers, arrived at the Capitol and took their farewell view of the face of the departed statesman. After an impres- sive prayer by the Rev. Dr. Gurley, the coffin was borne, without music, to the hearse car, to which the body of his son Willie had previously been removed. Another prayer and the benediction followed. At eight o'clock, the Funeral Cortege of Abraham Lincoln moved slowly from the depot, for its long and circuitous journey to the western prairies. Several thousand soldiers were in line by the side of the rail- road, and presented arms as the train departed amid the tolling of bells and the uncovered heads of the immense assemblage. A scene connected with the de- j)arture was so impressive that it will never be forgot- ten while life endures, by those who witnessed it. A portion of the soldiers in line near the depot were two regiments of U. S. Colored Troops. They stood with arms reversed, heads bowed, all weeping like children at the loss of a father. Their grief was of such un- doubted sincerity as to affect the whole vast multitude. Dignified Governors of States, grave Senators, and scar- worn army officers, who had passed through scenes of blood and carnage unmoved, lost their self control and were melted to tears in the presence of such unaffijcted sorrow. AIS'D THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 35 After leaving Wasliington there was no stoppage for public demonstrations until the train reached Balti- ni.ore, at ten o'clock the same morning. The city, through which Abraham Lincoln, four years before, liad hurried in the night, to escape assassination, now received his remains with every possible demon- stration of respect. The body was escorted by an immense procession to the rotunda of the Merchants' Exchange, where it was placed upon a gorgeous cata- falque and surrounded with flowers. Here it rested for several hours, receiving the silent homage of thou- sands who thronged the portals of the edifice to take a last look at the features of the illustrious patriot. Baltimore was then under the control of loyal men, who felt deeply grieved that a plot had been laid there for his destruction when on his way to assume the duties of his office; and they suffered still greater mortification tliat it was a native of their own city who had pluTiged the nation into mourning by the horrid crime of assas- sinating the President. The city added ten thousand dollars to the reward offered for the arrest of the assas- sin. Those who accompanied the escort the entire journey say that there was no other place where the manifestations of grief were apparently so sincere and unaffected as in the city of Baltimore, although they admit it was hard to make a distinction when all were intent on using every exertion to do honor to the memory of the illustrious statesman. At three o'clock p. m. the train left the depot, and making a brief stoppage at York, Penn., a beautiful wreath of flowers was placed upon the coffin by the ladies of that city, while a dirge was performed by the band, amid the tolling of bells and the uncovered iieads of the multitude. The cortege arrived at Har- risburg at twenty minutes past eight o'clock p. m. By a proclamation of Mayor Roumfort, all business houses and drinking saloons were closed during the stay of the funeral cortege in Harrisburg. Preparations had been 36 THE GEEAT FUXERAE CORTEGE, made for a grand military and civic demonstration, but u heavy shower of rain was pouring down when they reached the latter city. Col. Thomas S. Mather, of S]H-ingfield, Illinois, was on duty at Philadelphia, at the time President Lincoln was assassinated. He was ordered to proceed to Harrisburg and take command of tiie United States troops at that place, and make ar- rangements for giving the remains of the President a suitable reception. Col. Mather had fifteen hundred soldiers in line, who stood for more than an hour in the rain previous to the arrival of the cortege. The body was conveyed to tlie State Capitol and placed in the hall of the House of Representatives, amid emblems of sorrow, and sur- j'ounded by a circle of white flowering almonds. Du- ring a part of that night, and until ten o'clock next dav, the people in vast numbers passed through the Hall to Took at the silent features of the martyred President. Under orders from Col. Mather, a military and civic procession commenced forming at eight o'clock Satui-- day morning. Col. Henry McCormic was chief mar- shal of the civic department. The remains were es- corted through the principal streets to the depot. In order to have as much daylight as possible for the pro- cession at Philadelphia, the train moved away from the Harrisburg depot at eleven o'clock — one hour before schedule time. Crowds of people were at the depots of Middletown, Elizabethtown, Mount Joy, LandisvilJe and Dillerville. In many places insignia of sorrow were displayed, and all seemed anxious to obtain a passing view of the mournful cortege. At Lancaster twenty thousand people awaited the arrival of the train, to make their silent demonstrations of mourning. The depot was artistically decorated with flags and crape. The only words expressive of the feelings of the people were displayed at the side of the depot as a motto : "Abraham Lincoln, tliu lUusti-ious Martyr of Liberty; the ualiou mourus his loss ; thougli deatl, he still lives." AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 37 Every place of business was closed, and insignia of mourning were upon every house. At the outskirts of the town the large force of the Lancaster Iron Works lined the road, their buildings all draped in mourning. It was affecting to see old men who had been carried in their chairs and seated beside the track, and women witli infants in their arms, assembled to look at the passing cortege. This city was the home of ex-President Buchanan and of the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens. Mr. Buchanan was in his carriage on the outskirts of the multitude. In approaching the town there is a bridge or tunnel through which the train passed. Under this bridge, standing upon a rock, entirely alone, Mr. Stevens was recognized by personal friends on the train. An eye witness, who related the circumstance to me, says that he seemed absorbed in silent meditation, unconscious that he was observed. When the hearse car approached he reverently uncovered his head, and replaced his hat as the train moved away. Crowds of people were assembled at Penningtonville, Parkesburg, Coatesville, Gallaghervillc, Downington and Oakland. At each place flags draped in mourning and uncovered heads were the sole expressions of feel- ing. At West Chester intersection, about a thousand persons were assembled at the stations. As the train approached the city of Philadelphia, unbroken columns of people lined the railroad on each side for miles. ]\Iinute guns heralded the news as the train passed on to the depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Balti- more railroad, on Broad street. Here the people were not counted by thousands, but by acres. The train reached the depot at half past four p. m., being one hour in advance of schedule time. 38 THE GREAT FUNEEAL COETEGE, CHAPTER Y It was estimated that half a million people were on the streets. A procession, for which preparation had been making for several days, was already formed ; men standing in marching order, from four to twelve abreast. A magnificent funeral car was in readiness, wliich had been specially constructed for the occasion. The corpse was transferred to this car, the coffin enveloped in the American flag, and surrounded with flowers. The grand procession, composed of eleven divisions, and including every organization in the city, both military and civic, was seven miles in length. It moved through the wide and beautiful streets of the city to the sound of solemn music, by a great number of bands. The insignia of sorrow seemed to be on every house. The poor testified their grief by dis- playing such emblems as their limited means could command, and the rich, more profuse, not because their sorrow was greater, but because their wealth enabled them to manifest it on a larger scale. It was eight o'clock when the funeral car arrived at the southern entrance to Independence Square, on Wal- nut street. The Union League Association was sta- tioned in the square, and when the procession arrived at the entrance, the Association took charge of the sacred dust, and conveyed it into Independence Hall, marching Avith uncovered heads to the sound of a dii-ge performed by a band— stationed in the observa- tory over the Hall — the booming of cannon in the distance, and the tolling of bells throughout the city. The body was laid on a platform in the centre of the AXD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 39 Hall, with feet to the north, bringing the head very close to the pedestal on which the old Independence bell stands. That old bell, with its famous inscription, rang out on the Fourth of July, 1776, " Proclain liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants there- of." Leviticus, xxv, 10. As if in sorrow and shame for the degeneracy of mankind, when the curse of sla- very crept into and controlled every department of our government, the old bell became paralyzed and bro- ken. The descendants of its early friends gave it sepulture in this Hall, where the mightv deeds were enacted which it proclaimed to the world with such grand peals. These early notes, wafted on the free air of heaven, were heard by one of lowly birth, in his western home. As he pondered over them, they sank deep in his heart, and his whole soul answered to their vibrating touch, as he perused the histoi'ic pages of the war for American Independence. The years rolled on, and in his obscurity and poverty, he struggled for light and knowledge, with the love of human freedom for his guiding star. He then learned that our fathers indeed won their independ- ence of a foreign foe, but left a fetter in the land for their children to break. At length he began to dispense light to his fellow men. At first, it was done with such modesty and gentleness that it could be -appropriately likened to the moon ; but as national events followed each other in quick succession, the wisdom of his words and the fervor of his patriot- ism were more like the shining of the noon-day sun, and were so apparent as to be known and read of all men. He was called to become the head of the nation, when the spirit fostered by slavery was threat- ening its destruction. He takes what proved to be a last look at the familiar scenes of his manhood ; in feeling language he asks his old friends and neighbors to pray for him, and then sadly bids them an affection- 40 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, ate farewell. In the course of his journey, he stood in this very Hall. While here, in a brief address, he said: " It Avas something in tlie Declaration of ludependeuce, giving liberty, not only to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that, in due time, the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men, and that all should have an equal chance. * * * Now, my friends, can the country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world, if I can help to save it. But, if this country can not he saved witliout giving up that principle, I was about to say, I would ratJier be assassinated upon this spot than to surrender it." He passes on, assumes the reins of government as the constitutionally elected president of the United States. A long and bloody Avar ensues. On the one side, the object was to destroy the government, because slavery could no longer rule it ; on the other, it was to save the government. In the course of the war, he proclaimed freedom to the slave, and otherwise admin- istered the government so wisely, that when the time arrived for choosing a man to fill his place, he was almost unanimously elected as his own successor. As soon as he entered upon the second term, the rebellion was so nearly crushed that he commenced the work of restoration Adhere that of destruction began ; by order- ing the national colors to be replaced at the identical spot where they floated when first assailed by parricidal hands. His happiness seemed almost complete. The authority of government was restored and all men free. But the slave power, in its death throes, slew him by the hand of an assassin, and his body is now again in this Hall, to make its report. Let us imagine the inanimate clay, and the old bell both endowed with life. We hear the dead President say: " It was from you, Old Bell, as from the tongue of the AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN IIONUMENT. 41 Almighty, that I received the command to ' Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants thereof.' I have obeyed your orders, but see, I too am broken, like thyself; these acts ha,ve cost me my life's blood, but what need we care, our race is run. Is it not enough that four millions of bondmen are free, and the only free government on earth saved, to be an asylum for the down-trodden of all lands? I am content." Then we hear the old bell say : " "Well done, thou good and faithful servant ; thou hast been faithful unto the end. Henceforth thou shalt wear a crown, even the martyr's crown." It was eminently proper that the remains of Abra- ham Lincoln should rest over the holy Sabbath in what may, without irreverence, be termed the sanctuary of the Republic. The interior of Independence Hall has been decorated on many occasions, but never before had such skill and taste been displayed as on this occa- sion. The scene was a combination of enchantment and gloom of unexampled brilliancy and splendor. Evergreens and flowers of rare fragrance and beauty were placed around the coffin. At the head were bo- quets, and at the feet burning tapers. The walls were hung with the portraits of many great and good patri- ots, soldiers and civilians, who have long since passed away. Among these, in a conspicuous place, was seen the benignant countenance of William Penn, who was the embodiment of peace, and yet he was not a more ardent lover of peace than Abraham Lincoln, who died the commander-in-chief of more than a million of sol- diers. In the procession and on the houses along the line of march, there were many mottoes displayed, some of them touchingly beautiful in their expressions of love and sorrow for the departed statesman. The walls of Inde- pendence Hall were adorned with them also. I can only 42 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, give space for some that were on wreaths of flowers about the coffin. A cross near its head, composed en- tirely of flowers . artistically intertwined, bore the in- scription : " To the memory of our beloved President, from a few ladies of the United States Sanitary Commission." A beautiful wreath, presented on Saturday evening, bore the modest words : " A lady's gift. Can you find a place ?" An old colored woman managed to find her way into the Hall, and approached the Committee of Arrange- ments with a rudely constructed wreath in her hand, and with tears in her eyes requested that it might be placed on the coffin. When her request was granted, her countenance beamed with an expression of satis- faction. The wreath bore the inscription : "The nation mourns his'loss. He still lives in the hearts of the people." '■■" One of the wreaths that lay near the head of the cof- fin contained a card with a quotation from one of Mr. Lincoln's conversations with his cabinet officers, the day before his death. It was in these words : " Before any great national event, I have always had the same dream. I had it the other night. It is of a ship sailing rapidly." Arrangements were first made to admit those who desired to view the remaiiis, by means of printed cards, which read : OBSEQUIES OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, late pllesident of the united states, Philadelphia, Apiul 22, 1865, AT THE HALL OF INDEPENDENCE, FEOM 10 TO 12 o'clock, P. M. Entrance at the Court House, on Sixth street, helow CUesiiut. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 43 AVithin the hours designated, a constant stream of men and women poured through the Hall, which was closed at midnight. By three o'clock Sunday morning, a large crowd of persons, of both sexes, were congre- gated on Chesnnt street, between Fifth and Sixth, who patiently waited until six o'clock — the time for again opening the Hall to visitors. When it was opened, the people Avere formed in lines extending from Inde- pendence Hall to the Delaware river, on the east, and to the Schuylkill on the west. Thousands spent from three to four hours in the lines before reaching the Hall. Throughout the entire day and night, men and women, of all classes, continued to move in solid phalanx past the remains of the fallen chieftain. The crowd was so great at times that the people were almost suifoeated. On the afternoon of Sunday, many women fainted in the crowd. During the day, about biie hundred and fifty soldiers were taken in ambu- lances from the different hospitals in and around the city ;' and at a late hour, seventy-five veterans, who had each lost a leg in their country's service, hobbled into the Hall, there, amid the sacred surroundings, to take a last look at the face of him whose heart had always beaten in unison with their own. Appropriate funeral sermons and orations were de- livered in many of the churches of the city during the day. Among them may be mentioned the Rev. Dr. March, of the Clinton Street Presbyterian Church ; Rev. Dr. Jeffrey, in the Fourth Baptist Church ; Rev. H. A. Smith, in the Mantua Presbyterian Church ; Rev. F. L. Robbins, of the Green Hill Church ; Rev. N. Cyr, at the French Protestant Chapel, and Rev. J. Hyatt Smith, at Mechanics' Hall. Both nights in Philadelphia, Independence Hall was brilliantly illuminated, as also the Ledger, Transcript and other newspaper offices, and many other public and private buildings. The funeral escort were the guests of the city, and were quartered at the Conti- 44 THE GREAT FUNEEAL CORTEGE, nental Hotel. While here, the hearse car was addi- tionally decorated, the materials being furnished and the work done by the citizens, who regarded it a privi- lege to add this testimony of their respect to the mem- ory of Abraham Lincoln. At two o'clock a. m., Monday, April 24, the coffin was closed and preparations made for the departure. At four o'clock, the funeral train moved out of the Kensington depot. After leaving Philadelphia, the track was lined on both sides with a continuous array of people. At Bristol and Morristown, large crowds stood in silence, with uncovered heads. From the time of leaving Washington, at many points where no stoppage was expected, entire neighborhoods, old and young, men and women, the latter frequently with children in their arms, turned out by the roadside by night and by day, and anxiously watched the gorgeous funeral train as it passed. Flags at half mast, mourn- ing inscriptions and funeral arches, testified the sorrow tliat was in every heart. Clusters of people were col- lected at various ■ points between stations. The men reverently uncovered their heads as the funeral train glided by. The train reached Trenton at half past iive in the morning, and was greeted by the tolling of bells, firing of minute guns and strains of solemn music Crowds of people were assembled, the number estimated at twenty thousand, and the array of mourning inscrip- tions and other evidences of sorrow were abundant. This is the only State capital passed by the funeral cortege on the entire journey, at which they failed to stop for the people to engage in public demonstrations of respect. Its location between the two great cities, and so near them, is, no doubt, the cause of its being made an exception. Governor Parker and staff, with many citizens were taken on board here, and accom- panied the remains to New York. At Princeton, a large number of college students were standing with AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 45 reverent bearing and in silence. At New Brunswick, the train stopped for a few moments, to find an immense crowd at the depot. Minute guns were fired from the time it oame in sight until it passed from their view. Large numbers were assembled at Rahway and Elizabeth City, also. At Newark, every house seemed to be dressed in mourning. It appeared as if the inhabitants had turned out en masse to pay their respects to the memory of Abraham Lincoln. Many of the women were shedding tears, and the men stood with uncovered heads. For more then a mile, those on the train could only perceive one sea of human beings. The United States Hospital was appropriately decorated, and many of the soldiers on crutches were formed in line near it. Minute guns fired and bells tolled from the time the cortege arrived until it passed out of sight. At Jersey City the scene was still more impressive. The depot was elaborately draped in mourning, bells tolled and cannon boomed, bringing back sad echoes as the train moved into the depot. The crowd was not admitted into the vast edifice. When those on board the train disembarked and the coffin was borne along the platform, the funeral party were startled by a vast choir, composed of German musical associa- tions, which had been stationed in a gallery of the building. As they chanted an anthem or requiem for the dead, many who were unused to weeping were affected to tears. As the remains were conveyed from the depot to the boat, the choir chanted a solemn dirge and continued it until the ferry boat reached the opposite side of the Hudson river. The shipping of all nations in the harbor displayed their flags at half-mast. 46 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, CHAPTER VI. The ferry boat landed at the foot of Desbrosses street, New York city, at ten o'clock a. m., April 24, and the coffin was at once conveyed to a magnificent hearse or funeral car, prepared especially for the occasion. The platform of this car was fourteen feet long and eight feet wide. On the platform, which was five feet from the ground, there was a dais, on which the coffin rested.. This gave it sufficient elevation to be readily seen by those at a distance, over the heads of the multitude. Above the dais there Avas a canopy fifteen feet high, supported by columns, and in part by a miniature tem- ple of liberty. The platform was covered with black cloth, which fell at the sides nearly to the ground. It was edged with silver bullion fringe, which hung in graceful festoons. Black cloth hung from the sides, festooned with silver stars, and was also edged with silver fringe. The canopy was trimmed in like man- ner, with blaglc cloth, festooned and spangled with silver bullion, the corners surmounted by rich plumes of black and white feathers. At the base of each col- umn were three American flags, slightly inclined out- ward, festooned and covered with crape. The temple of liberty was represented as being deserted, or rather despoiled, having no emblems of any kind, in or around it, except a small flag on the top, at half-mast. The inside of the car was lined with white satin, fluted. From the centre of the can- opy, a large eagle was suspended, with outspread wings, and holding in its talons a laurel wreath. The plat- form around the coffin was strewn with flowers. The AXD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 47 hearse or funeral car was drawn by sixteen white horses, covered with black cloth trunming, each led by a groom. From the foot of Desbrosses street, the remains were escorted by the Seventh regiment New York National Guards, to Hudson street, thence to Canal street, uj) Canal street to Broadway, and down Broadway to the west gate of the City Hall Park. The procession which followed the remains was in keeping with the funeral car, the whole being inde- scribably grand and imposing. As far as the eye could see, a dense mass of people, many of them wearing some insignia of mourning, filled the streets and crowded every window. The fronts of the houses were draped in mourning, and the national ensign dis- played at half-mast from the top of almost every build- ing. The procession was simply a dense mass of hu- man beings. During the time it was moving, minute guns were fired at different points, and bells were tolled from nearly all the church steeples in the city. The chime on Trinity church wailed forth the tune of Old Hundred in a most solemn and impressive manner. On arriving at the City Hall, the coffin was borne into the rotunda, amid the solemn chanting of eight hundred voices, and was placed on a magnificent cata- falque, which had been prepared for its reception. The Hall was richly and tastefully decorated with the na- tional colors and mourning drapery, and the coffin almost buried with rare and costly floral offerings. A large military guard, in addition to the Guard of Honor, kept watch over the sacred dust. All day and all night long, the living tide pressed into the Hall, to take a last look at the martyred remains. At the sol- emn hour of midnight, between the twenty-fourth and the twenty-fifth days of April, the German musical so- cieties of New York, numbering about one thousand voices, performed a requiem in the rotunda of the City Hall, with the most thrilling effect. About ten o'clock, 48 THE GEEAT FUNEEAL COKTEGE, on the morning of April 25, while a galaxy of distin- guished officers were assembled around the coffin, Cap- tain Parker Snow, commander of the Arctic and Ant- arctic expedition, presented some very singular relics. They consisted of a leaf from the book of Common Prayer and a piece of paper, on which were glued some fringes. They were found in a boat, under the skull of a skeleton which had been identified as the remains of one of Sir John Franklin's men. The most singular thing about these relics was the fact that the only words that were preserved in a legible condi- tion were " The Maetye," in capitals. General Dix deposited these relics in the coffin. At a few minutes past eleven o'clock, the coffin was closed, preparatory to resuming its westward journey. Notwithstanding such vast numbers had viewed the corpse, there were thousands who had waited for hours, in the long lines, to obtain a look at the well known face, who were obliged to turn away sadly disappointed. This disap- pointment was not confined to any class or condition of men. The coffin had just been closed, in the pres- ence of the Sergeants of the Veteran Reserve Corps — who were in readiness to convey it to the hearse — and a number of distinguished army officers, whose com- missions had been signed by the deceased ; when the first to realize the disappointment were the representa- tives of Great Britain, Russia and France. They came in, glittering with scarlet, gold and silver lace, high coat collars, bearing embroidered cocked hats under their arms, with other costly trappings, and high birth and breeding in every gesture, desirous of seeing the corpse, but they were too late. At about half past twelve o'clock, the magnificent hearse or funeral car, drawn by sixteen white horses, each led by a groom, as on the day before, appeared on Broadway, at the west gate of City Hall Park. The coffin was next conveyed to the car. Then com- menced the farewell part of the funeral pageant given AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 49 by the commercial metropolis of the nation to the memory of Abraham Lincoln. A military force of more than fifteen thousand men, with the staffs of sev- eral brigades and divisions, with their batteries, and the civic societies of every conceivable kind, in a great city, which joined in the demonstration, formed a double line about five miles long — equal to a single column of ten miles. In many parts of the procession, twenty men walked abreast. It was composed of eight grand divisions, each division having a marshal, with aids. It moved through the streets to the tolling of bells, the firing of minute guns and the music of a large number of bands. The animosities and division walls of parties, in politics, and sects and denomina- tions, in religion, if not obliterated, were so far low- ered, for the time being, that all parties could shake hands over them. Archbishop McClosky, the highest dignitary in the Roman Catholic church, in this country, walked side by side, in the procession, with Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, D. D., one of the most radical of the Congregational reformers of our land. I have said that all party lines were, for the time, hidden from view, but it devolves upon me to notice one exception. Notwithstanding the blending of so many hearts in the great national sorrow, the city authorities of New York, true to their Tammany in- stincts, took measures to prevent the colored people from joining in the procession. They had deferred a procession of their own, on the Wednesday before, in order that five thousand of their number might be ready to show their love and I'espect for the emanci- pator of their race, by joining the procession to escort his remains on their way to the tomb. When it was known that the city authorities were trying to keep them out of the procession, Secretary Stanton inter- fered, and the order was set aside, but it was too late to give them such assurance of protection as to bring out their full numbers. 4 50 THE GREAT FUNEEAL CORTEGE, It is due to Thomas C. Acton, President of the Board of Police Commissioners, that the colored people were not entirely excluded. It was he, who, but a few months, before, enforced the right of the colored people to ride in the street cars. Of the five thou- sand who intended to turn out, only between two and three hundred could be induced to risk the doubt and uncertainty occasioned by the action of the city authorities. These colored people were placed as an appendage to the eighth division, and to be sure that their rights were respected. Commissioner Acton sent a . body of fifty-six policemen, under Sergeant Gay, who marched before and behind them in such a way asto be ready in a moment to quell any at- tempt at violence. A banner, prepared by the ladies of Henry Ward Beecher's Church, was inscribed on one side, " Abraham Lincoln, our Emancipator," and on the other, "To Millions of Bondmen, he Liberty Gave." The banner was carried by four freedmen, just from the south, who were astonished to learn that there were so many more Yankees than colored people. Mourning emblems were displayed in such profusion as to be almost a wilderness of sable drapery, and the mottoes and inscriptions on the houses along the line of march, and those carried in the procession, would, if collected, make a volume of themselves. Space can be given for only a small number of them here. " The workman dies, but the work goes on." "Tour cause of sorrow must not be measured by his worth ; for then there would be no end." AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 51 " His deeds have made his name immortal." \ ' Let others liail the risiug sun, "We bow to him whose race is run." " A glorious career of service and devotion, is crowned with a martyr's death." " Well done thou good and faithful servant." " Can barbarism further go ?" The New York Caledonian Club, composed of na- tive Scotchmen, carried a banner inscribed : " Caledonia mourns Columbia's martyred chief" A miniature monument, near University Place, bore the name, LINCOLN. The panels on the sides of the pedestals had the fol- lowing inscriptions : FIKST. " Good night, sweet prince, And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest." SECOND. "With malice towards none; with charity for all." THIED. " There's a great spirit gone." FOURTH. " His Efe was gentle, and the elements So mixed in him, that nature might stand up And say to all the world — This was a man." 52 THE GKEAT FUNEKAL CORTEGE, " The heart of the nation throbs heavily at the portals of the tomb." " Our country weeps." — " In God we trust." " Behold how they loved him." " The Almighty has His own purposes." ' To heaven thou art fled, and left the nation in tears." ' His death has made him immortal." " Oh why should the spirit of mortal be proud? Like a swift fleeting meteor, a fast-flying cloud, A flash of the lightning, a break of the wave. He passeth from life to his rest in the grave." The above is the first verse of a hymn which was a great favorite with Mr. Lincoln. He committed it to memory in his younger days, and to repeat its verses was ever after a source of mournful pleasure to him. He never knew the authorship of it, but it was written by Alexander Knox, of Edinburgh, Scotland, in the year 1778. . The following are the third, fifth, eleventh and twelfth verses : " Tlie infant, a mother attended and loved ; The mother, that infaut's affection who proved ; The husband, that mother and infant who blessed, Each, all, are away to their dwelling of rest. " The peasant, whose lot was to sow and to re.ap ; Tlie herdsman, who climbed with his goats up the steep ; The beggar, who wandered in search of his bread, Have faded away lilte the grass that we tread. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 53 " Yea ! hope and despondency, pleasure and pain, We mingle together in sunshine and rain ; And the smile and the tear, the song and the dirge, Still follow each other, like surge upon surge. "'Tis the wink of an eye, 'tis the draught of a breath. From the blossom of health to the paleness of death — Prom the gilded saloon to the bier and the shroud ; O, why should the spirit of mortal be proud ?" "While the procession was escorting the remains to the depot of the Hudson River Railroad, on Thirtieth street, a vast concourse of people assembled in Union Square. A meeting was opened, with Ex-Governor King as presiding officer. He introduced the Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, who repeated the beautiful words of the Episcopal burial service, and then offered a fervent prayer, appropriate to the occasion. Hon. George Ban- croft was next introduced, who delivered a funeral ora- tion. The following synopsis will give a faint idea of its eloquence and power : " Our grief at. the crime which clothed the continent in mourn- ing, finds no adequate expression in words, no relief in tears. Neither the office with which Mr. Lincoln was invested by the approved choice of a mighty people, nor the most simple-hearted kindness of his nature, could save him from the fiendish passions of the relentless rebellion. Waiting millions attend his remains as tliey are borne in solemn procession over our great rivers, beyond mountains, across prairies, to their final resting place in tlie valley of the Mississippi. The echos of his funeral knell will vibrate through the world, and friends of freedom, of every tongue and in every clime, are his mourners. " Members of the Government which preceded his administra- tion, opened the gates of treason, and he closed them. When he went to Washington, the ground on which he trod shook under his feet, and he left the Republic on a solid foundation. Traitors liad seized the public forts and arsenals, and he recovered them 54 THE GEEAT FU]S^EEAL CORTEGE, to the United States. The capital which he found the abode of slaves, is now only the ahode of freemen. The boundless public domain, which was grasped at, and in a great measure held for the diffusion of slavery, is now irrevocably devoted to freedom. These men talked the jargon of the balance of power, ia a Republic, between slave States and free States, and now their foolish words are blown away forever by the breath of a Marj-- laiid, Missouri and Tennessee — the only States that adopted vol- untary emancipation. The atmosphere is now purer than ever before, and insurrection is vanishing away. The country is cast into another mould, and the gigantic system of wrong, which has been the work of two centuries, is dashed down we hope forever. " As for himself, personally, he was then scoffed at by the proud, as vinfit for his station, and now, against the usage of latter years, and in spite of numerous competitors, he was the unbiased and undoubted choice of the American people for the second term of service. Through all the business of suppressing treason, he re- tained the sweetest and most perfect disposition. The destruction of the best, on the battle field, and the more terrible destruction of our men in captivity, by the slow torture of exposure and starvation, had never been able to provoke him into harboring one revengeful feeling, or one purpose of cruelty. How shall the nation most completely show its sorrow at Mr. Lincoln's death ? How shall it best honor his memory? There can be but oi;ie an- swer. Grief must, like the character of action, breathe forth, in assertion of the policy to which he fell a sacrifice. The standard which he held in his hand, must be uplifted again, higher than before, and must be carried above everything else. This emanci- pation must be affirmed and maintained. "For the Union, Abraham Lincoln has fallen a martyr. His death, which was meant to sever it beyond repair, binds it more firmly than ever. From Maine to the Southwestern boundary of thu Pacific, it makes us one. The country may have needed this imperishable grief, to touch its inmost feelings. The grave that receives the remains of President Lincoln, receives a martyr to the Union, and the monument which rises over his body will bear witness to the Union. His enduring memory will assist, during countless ages, to bind the States together, and to incite a love for AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 55 our indivisible country. Peace to tlie departed friend of his country and liis race. Happy was liis life, for lie was a restorer of the Kepuhlic' and he was happy in his death, for the manner of his end will plead forever for the Union of the States ' and the freedom of man.' " The last inaugural address of President Lincoln was then read by Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, D.D., followed by the reading of the ninety-fourth Psalm, by Rev. W. H. Boole, which was exceedingly appropriate to the occasion. It was addressed by King David to the enemies of his country, and can not be read too often. Prayer was then offered by Revj Dr. Rogers. It was both concise and comprehensive, enumerating in its petitions all the wants of the people and nation. Rabbi Isaacs, of the Jewish Synagogue, on Broadway, then read a portion of Scripture and offered a fervent and touching prayer, from which I give a single quotation : "Thy servant, Abraham Lincoln, has, without warning, been summoned before Thy august presence. He has served the people of his afflicted land faithfully, zealously, honestly, and, we would fain hope, in accordance with Thy supreme will. O, that his ' righteousness may precede him and form steps for his way,' to the heavenly abode of bliss; that Thy angels of mercy may be commissioned to convey his soul to the spot reserved for martyred saints ; that the suddenness with which one of the worst of beings , deprived him of his life, may atone for any errors which he may have committed. Almighty God! every heart is pierced by an- guish — every countenance furrowed with grief, at our separation from one we revered and loved. We beseech Thee, in this period of our sorrow and despondency, to soothe our pains and calm our griefs. * * * « Our Father who art in heaven, show us this kindness, so that our tears may cease to depict our sorrow, and give place to the joyful hope that, through Thy goodness, peace and concord maj' supersede war and dissension,' and our beloved Union, restored to its former tranquility, may be enabled to carry out Thy wish for the benefit and the hapijiuess of humanity. 56 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, We pray Thee, do this; if not for our sakes, for tlie sake of our little ones, unsullied by sin, who lisp Thy holy name, with hands uplifted, with the importunity of spotless hearts, they re-echo our supplication. Let the past be the end of our sorrow, the future the harbinger of peace and salvation to all who seek Thee in truth. Amen." Rev. Dr. Osgood then read a hymn entitled, " Thou hast put all things under Thy feet," which was written by "William Cullen Bryant. An " Ode for the Burial of Abraham Lincoln," by the same author, was read by Dr. Osgood, also. It reads as follows : " Oh slow to smite and swift to spare, Gentle, and merciful, and just. Who, in the fear of God, didst bear The sword of power, a nation's trust.. " In sorrow by thy bier we stand. Amid the awe that hushes all. And speak the anguisli of a land That shook with horror at thy fall. " Thy task is done; the bond are free; We bear thee to an honored grave, Whose noblest monument shall be The broken fetters of the slave. " Pure was thy life ; its bloody close Hath placed thee with the sons of light. Among the noble host of tliose Who perished in the cause of right." Archbishop McClosky, who was to have pronounced the benediction, having become exhausted by his lonp walk in the procession, was not present, and that ser^ vice was performed by Rev. Dr. Hitchcock. .. ' The following is an extract from a sermon by H^nry Ward Beecher, at Plymouth Church, Sunday April 30, AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 57 1865, with reference to the funeral cortege of Abraham Lincoln : "And now tlie martyr is moving in triumplial march, mightier than when alive. The nation rises up at every stage of liis.com- ing; cities aijd states are as pall bearers, aud tlie cannon beat tlie hours in solemn procession; dead, dead, dead, he yet speaketb! Is Washington dead ? Is Haropdeu dead ? Is David dead ? Is any man, that was ever fit to live, dead ? Diseutliralled from the flesh, and riseii to the unobstructed sphere where passion never comes, he begins his illimitable work. His life is now upon the infinite, and will be faithful as no earthly life can be. Pass on. Four years ago. Oh! Illinois, we took from your midst an untried man, from among the people. Behold! we return to you a mighty conqueror, not thine any more, but the nation's — not ours, but the world's. Give him place, Oh, ye prairies. In the midst of this great continent his dust shall rest, a sacred treasure to the myriads who shall pilgrimage to that Shrine, to kindle anew their zeal and patriotism. Ye winds that move over the mighty prairies of the west, chant his requiem! Ye people, be- hold the martyr, whose blood, as so many articulated words, pleads for fidelity, for law, for liberty." The funeral cortege remained thirty hours in New York, and about twenty-two of that time, the corpse was exposed to public view. During those hours, it was thought to be a moderate estimate, that one hun- dred and twenty thousand persons looked upon the rigid features of Abraham Lincoln: It was also esti- mated that, on the twenty-fifth of April, from seventy- five to one hundred thousand persons took part in the procession, and that there was at least half a million spectators along the line of the procession. Some newspaper reporters placed the number that viewed the remains atone hundred and fifty thousand, and the spectators of the procession at three quarters of a million. The more I think of the subject, the more I am 58 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, impressed with the inadequacy of language to convey a correct idea of the intensity of feeling and the mag- nitude of the demonstration ; but take it in all its bearings, New York paid a tribute of respect to the memory of Abraham Lincoln, the like of which was never approached in this country before, and has proba- l5ly not been excelled in the obsequies of any ruler in the history of the world. One incident I can not forbear to mention. Lieuten- ant General Scott accompanied the escort through the city, in his carriage. At the Thirtieth street depot, he paid his last respects to the remains of President Lin- coln, and then withdrew from the crowd and stood alone, waiting for the departure of the train. One of the Illinois delegation, who was also a member of Congress, approached the General and introduced him- self, offering as an apology for doing so, the fact that it was his first, and might be his last opportunity. General Scott assured him that no apology was necces- sary, and straightening himself to his full height, said, " You do me honor, Sir. ' Notwithstanding he was in his seventy-ninth year, the gentleman who related the circumstance to me, says he was the most majestic specimen of a man he ever saw. After introducing the other members of the delegation, they all left him and entered the cars. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 59 CHAPTEK VII. The hearse car and Generals' car, or that occupied by the Guard of Honor, were transferred from Jersey City to New York on a tug boat. Those two, with seven others furnished by the Hudson Eiver railroad^ made up the train to convey the funeral party froni Xew York to Albany. All things being in readiness, the train left the Thirtieth street depot at 4:15 p. m., April 25, leaving an immense multitude of spectators, the men with uncovered heads. They then dispersed, to treasure up the memories of that day to the end of their lives. At all the stations were demonstrations of sorrow and respect. Fort Washington, Mount St. Vincent, Yonk- ers, Hastings, Dobb's Ferry, Irvington, Tarrytown, Sing Sing, Montrose, Peekskill, and many other sta- tions, were all passed in quick succession. At many of them the train was greeted with minute guns and bands performing dirges. Funeral arches and inscrip- tions expressive of the sorrow of the people, were everywhere visible. At some of the stations groups of young ladies were standing on the platforms, represent- ing the States, dressed in white with mourning badges. INIany of the mottoes seen before were repeated. Among the new ones, were such as, " He died for truth." " Bear him gently to his rest." Garrison's Landing, 6:20 p. m. This is opposite West Point, with which it is connected by a ferry. A company of Regular soldiers and all the West Point Cadets were drawn up in line. The officers of the Academy stood apart, all with uncovered heads. The 60 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Cadets all passed through the foneral car and saluted the remains of their late Commander-in-Chief. Mean- while, salutes were being fired from West Point, at the west side of the river. At Cold Spring, an arch was visible, Avith a young lady representing the Goddess of Liberty weeping. She was supported by two boys, one representing a sailor, the other a soldier. Fishkill, 6:55 p. m. The depot was artistically draped in mourning, with the motto, " In God we trust." Newburg is on the west side of the Hudson, opposite Fishkill. A flag draped in mourning was dis- played from the house where General "Washington had his headquarters in revolutionary times. Poughkeepsie, 7:10 p. m. A bounteous supper was waiting here for the entire escort. A committee of seven ladies placed a wreath of roses on the coffin of the martyred President. A band, composed of students from Eastman's business college, accompanied the funeral train from New York. Professor Eastman, with the remainder of his twelve hundred pupils, helped to make up the twenty-five thousand assembled here. After a stay of nearly one hour, the train moved on, and from this time it was lighted by bonfires and torches, at the different stations. Passing Hyde Park and Straasburgh, the train reaches Rhinebeck at 8:35, but no stoppage. A torchlight procession enabled the assembled crowds of people to view the imposing funeral cortege as it flitted by. Barrytownj Tivoli, Germantown and Catskill present a scene of mourning, drapery, bonfires aud torchlights ; reaching Hudson at 9:45 p. m. Thousands of people were assembled, min- ute guns fired, buildings illuminated and draped in mourning. Stockport, Stuyvesant and Castleton were passed, at all of which were bonfires or torchlights. Arrived at East Albany 10:55 p. m., to find the depot draped in mourning, bells tolling, cannon firing, sol- diers marching, and three companies of firemen bear- AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 61 ing torches to light the funeral party across the river to Albany. The remains were taken from the car and placed in a hearse. The entire party passed over on the ferryboat, and were escorted by a midnight torch- light procession to the State Capitol. The coffin was deposited in the Assembly Chamber on a catafalque prepared for the occasion. Over the Speaker's desk appeared the following inscription : " I have sworn a solemn oath to preserve, protect and defend the Government." At half past one o'clock on the morning of April 26, all being in readiness, the coffin was opened and the people admitted to view the remains. They passed by at the rate of sixty or seventy per minute from the commencement, and the number increased as daylight approached. When the morning dawned it revealed the fact that the whole city was draped in mourning, with mottoes and inscriptions tastefully displayed at appropriate points. Some of the most touching were quotations from Mr. Lincoln's own words, such as, " The heart of tlie nation throbs heavily at the portals of the tomb." " Let us resolve that the martyred dead shall not have died in vain." The numbers increased, until the line of those awaiting admission was more than a mile in length, one half of them being ladies, all pressing towards the portals of the stately edifice. The cars and steam- boats arriving that morning brought additional thou- sands to the city, many of them coming from one to two hundred miles. From the time of its arrival, the coffin was strewn with tlowers of the most rare and costly varieties. As fast as they exhibited signs of fading, they were removed, and fresh ones put in their places. Solemn dirges were performed at in- tervals by the musical societies and bands. The stream of people continued to pour through the edifice, 62 THE GREAT FUNERAL COltTEGE, to take a last look at the distinguished dead, and yet, when the hour arrived for replacing the cover, thou- sands were still in line pressing their way toward the State House. Governor Fenton met the funeral party at New York, and returned with it to Albany, hut could go no further from the fact that the Legislature was about to adjourn, and the business before it re- quired his presence. ^Yhile the people were filing through the Capitol of the most populous State of the Union, at the rate of more than four thousand an hour, to do homage to the remains of our martyred President, a far different scene was being enacted, in which his assassin was the cen- tral figure. On Monday evening, the twenty-fourth of April, a detachment of the 16th regiment of New York cavalry, numbering twenty-five men, under the direction of Col. L. C. Baker, of the Government detective force, left Washington to visit the south- ern part of Maryland, in search of John Wilkes Booth. They learned from a colored man that he had crossed the Potomac river into Virginia, and soon ascertained that he and his accomplice, Harold, were well armed, and secreted in a barn, between Port Royal and Bowling Green, the county seat of Caroline county. Lieutenant Dougherty arranged his forces, surrounded the barn about dusk on Tuesday evening, and called upon them to surrender. Several hours were spent in efforts to capture them, but Booth steadily expressed his determination not to be taken alive. Despairing of success in any other way, fire was applied to some straw in the barn, hoping to drive them out and then capture them. Seeing no hope of escape, Harold sur- rendered, but Booth drew up his gun, and was in the act of taking aim at one of the party outside. At this juncture, Lieutenant Dougherty ordered Sergeant Bos- ton Corbett to fire. The shot took effect in Booth's head, but little differing from the wound he inflicted on President Lincoln. He was shot about four o'clock AND THE KATIOXAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 63 Tuesday morning, April 26, and died about seven o'clock, after three hours of the most intense agony. From the time the funeral party started, they had been astonished to witness the immense throngs of peo- ple who, night and day, through sunshine and storm, met them at every point to see the great funeral cor- tege and view the remains. They feared the people of Springfield would be overwhelmed with numbers be- fore they realized the intensity of feeling on the part of the people. At Albany the Illinois Delegation held a consultation and decided that it was best for one of their number to go at once to Springfield and impress upon the citizens the importance of exerting themselves to the utmost in making suitable preparations for the final ceremonies. Col. John Williams volunteered to discharge that duty, and started immediately for Spring- field. After the remains of the President were taken from the train at East Albany, the hearse car and that occu- pied by the Guard of Honor, were run up the river five miles, to Troy, where they were taken across the Hudson on the railroad bridge, and run down the west side to the depot of the Central Eailroad, at Albany. At two o'clock p. m. the coffin was closed and conveyed to a magnificent hearse, drawn by eight white horses. It was escorted by a vast procession, composed of all the military at Albany and Troy, the fire department, the State and city authorities, about thirty civic asso- ciations and the citizens generally, to the New York Central depot, where it was again placed on board the hearse car. Never before were such multitudes of people gath- ered at the Capital of the State. Every one seemed fully to realize the solemnity of the occasion. It was estimated that at least fifty thousand men, women and children visited the remains during the twelve and a half hours they were exposed to view. The Central 64 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, railroad furnished seven of its finest cars, making the same number tlae train had been composed of before, and at 4 o'clock p. m., April 26, the great funeral cor- tege resumed its journey westward through the empire State, AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 65 CHAPTER VIII. The train arrived at Schenectady at forty-five minutes past four o'clock, to find a multitude of people assem- bled. The depot, business and dwelling houses were draped in mourning. The women were much affected, many of them crying audibly, and tears coursed down many manly cheeks. The mechanics of the railroad shops all stbod in line, with heads uncovered, and the utmost silence prevailed. Amsterdam, 5:25 p. m. A crowd of people were at the depot. They were evidently from the country, as it was but a small village, and the line was almost a mile long. The train passed through an arch, deco- rated with red, white and blue, and draped in mourn- ing. The village bells tolled from the time the train came within hearing until it passed. Funda, 5:45 p; m. Depot, houses, and an arch across the railroad, all decorated with flags and draped in mourning. Minute guns were fired as the train arrived, and continued until it passed out of hearing. Palatine Bridge, 6:25 p. m. In passing along the valley of the Mohawk river, the railroad runs under the Palatine Bridge, which was artistically decorated with flags, intertwined with mourning emblems. On approaching the village of the same name, a white cross was erected on a grassy mound. The cross was robed in evergreens and mourning. On each side was a . woman, apparently weeping. Inscribed on the cross were the words, " We have prayed for you ; now we can only weep." The village buildings were draped 66 THE GEBAT FUNERAL COETEGB, in mourning, minute guns fired, and a band was play- ing most solemn music. Fort Plain, 6:32 p. m. The depot was draped in mourning, and a large gathering of people looked mournfullv at the train as it swept by. St. Johnsville, N. Y., 6:47 p. m., April 26. The funeral escort were the guests of all the cities where they stopped for public demonstrations of respect to be paid to the remains. At Harrisburg they were quar- terted at the Jones House ; in Philadelphia, at the Con- tinental Hotel; in New York at the Metropolitan Hotel, and in Albany, at the Delavan House. The first place where the services of Captain Penrose, the commissary of subsistence, were brought into requisi- tion, was on the run from New York to Albany,when it was necessary to have supper prepared at Pough- keepsie. Between Albany and Buifalo,the distance being too great to pass over without refreshments. Commissary Penrose made arrangements to have them supplied at St. Johnsville, and when the train arrived, a bounteous supper was in waiting. The depot was elaborately draped in mourning. Twenty-four young ladies, from the most wealthy and refined families of the village and surrounding country, dressed in white with black velvet badges, waited on the tables. After supper, these young ladies assembled, entered the hearse car,, and placed a wreath of flowers on the coffin, and then the train moved on in its westward course. It was now quite dark, and the remaining distance to Buifalo occupied the whole time until daylight. Those on board the train remember this as hav- ing been the most remarkable portion of the whole route for its continuous and hearty demonstrations of respect — if any part could be so designated, where all were without precedent. Bonfires and torchlights illumined the road the entire distance. Minute guns were fired at so many points that it seemed almost continuous. Singing soceities and bands of music AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 67 were so numerous that, after passing a station, the sound of a dirge or requiem would scarcely die away in the distance,until it would be caught up at the town or village they were approaching. Thus through the long hours of the night did the funeral cortege receive such honors that it seemed more like the march of a mighty conqueror, than respect to the remains of one of the most humble of the sons of earth. AVe will notice in detail some of the towns and vil- lages on the line. Little Falls, N. Y., 7:35 p. m. The train paused here long enough for a wreath of flowers in the form of a shield and cross, to be placed on the cofEn. It bore the following inscription. " The ladies of Little Falls, througli tlieir committee, present these flowers. The shield, as an emblem of the protection which our beloved President has ever proved to the liberties of the American people. The cross, of his ever faithful trust in Gnd ; and the wreath as a token that we mingle our tears with those of our afflicted nation." Herkimer, 7:50 p. m. Thirty-six young ladies, dressed in white, with black sashes, and holding flags representing the thirty-six States of the Union, were on the platform, surrounded by a vast multitude. A band was playing solemn music, and wreaths of flowers were thrown on board the train as it moved slowly past. Ilion, N. Y., 7:56. Remington's gun factory was brilliantly illuminated. A torchlight procession and boy zouaves were in line. Utica, 8:25 p. m., April 26. The depot and other buildings draped in mourning. Many banners were displayed in mourning and bearing inscriptions. Min- ute guns were firing and bands playing solemn dirges. A multitude of people were assembled and a gorgeous torchlight procession was in line. As the train swept by Whitesboro and Oriskany, the people were gathered in crowds around large bonfires, and were waving flags trimmed with mourning. 68 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Rome, April 26, 9:10 p. m. It was raining heavily when the train arrived at this place, but there was an immense crowd assembled at the depot, which was richly draped in mourning. A band of music on the platform was playing a dead march. Green's Corners and Verona were next passed, at both of which large numbers of people were standing around bonfires. Oneida, 9:50 p. m. An arch draped in mourning, bore the inscription : " We mourn with the nation." The depot was decorated with flags all draped in mourn- ing. A crowd of people were at the depot, the men with heads uncovered. • A company of firemen bearing lighted torches were in line. At Canastota, Canaserga, Chittenango, Kirkville and ^Manlius, the people stood around bonfires and carried lighted torches to see the funeral cortege on its west- Avard course. Syracuse, April 26, 11:05 p. ra. The depot and ad- joining buildings were almost covered with the in- signia of sorrow. Many dwellings were illuminated and mourning drapery suspended around the windows. Tears coursed doAvn the cheeks of both men and women. Minute guns were firing and bands playing solemn dirges. The scene was grand andimposing. Memphis, IST. Y., midnight. At this place, and Warners, just passed, people stood in groups, with un- covered heads and lighted torches, to see the funeral cortege glide past. At Weedsport, Jordan, Port Byron, Savanpah, Clyde, Lyons and Newark, the depots were draped in mourn- ing, bonfires and torchlights revealed groups of men and women with bare heads standing for hours in the middle of the night to catch a passing view of the great funeral. Palmyra, N. Y.. April 27, 2:15 a. m. The depot is nicely decorated, and men, women and children flock about the hearse ear. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 69 Meriden was next passed, and a bonfire threw a glare of light on the whole surrounding scene. Fairport, 2:50 a. m. The people with lighted torches, banners, badges and mourning inscriptions were assem- bled in large numbers, to view the funeral train. Eochester, N. Y., 3:20 a. m, Thursday, April 27. Here there were assembled an immense multitude, numbering many thousands. The Mayor, City Coun- cil, military and civic organizations were out in full force. The depot was draped in mourning, and in- scriptions and mottoes were displayed, expressive of the sorrow of the people. From the time the funeral cor- tege arrived until it passed out of hearing distance, minute guns were fired, bells tolled and bands per- formed measured and mournful music. The towns, Coldwater, Chili, Churchville, Bergen, West Bergen and Byron were passed. At all of these the people were gathered in groups around bonfires, and some were carrying lighted torches, all eager to obtain a view of the funeral cortege of Abraham Lincoln. Batavia, N. Y., 5:18 a. m., April 27. A large num- ber of citizens were assembled at the depot, which was richly draped in mourning. A choir of male and female voices were singing a requiem. Minute guns were firing and bells tolling from the time the cortege arrived until it passed out of hearing. At Crofts, Corfu, Alden, Wende and Lancaster, the depots were draped, flags displayed and the people stood in groups with uncovered heads, as the funeral cortege glided by. Soon after daylight, in passing a farm house, a group of children were seen in a wagon wav- ing flags trimmed with mourning, towards the train. Buffalo, N. Y., 7 a. m., Thursday, April 27. The following editorial appeared in the Buffalo Daily Ex- Ijres^, a few days after the assassination : " How reverently Abraham Lincoln was loved by the common people ; how much they had leaned upon the strength of his heroic 70 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, character, in the great trial through which he lecltliem; how per- fect a trust they reposed in his wisdom, his integrity, his patriot- ism, and the fortitude of his faithful heart ; how great a sphere he filled in the constitution of their hopes, they did not know before. The shock of consternation, grief, and horror, which revealed it to them, was undoubtedly the most profound that ever fell upon a people. It shook this nation like an earthquake. The strong men of the nation wept together like children. Never, do we believe, was there exhibited such a spectacle of manly teai'S, wrung from stout hearts, by bitter anguish, as in the streets of every city, town and hamlet, in these United States, on Saturdas' last. Ah! there was a deep planting of love for Abraham Lin- coln in the hearts of his countrymen! Noble soul, honest heart, wise statesman, upright magistrate, brave old patriot, the nation was orphaned by thy death aud felt the grief of orphanage It would be natural to expect that ■where such noble and sympathetic sentiments were expressed, the remains of Abraham Lincoln would receive a tender greeting. An extensive military and civic funeral procession turned out on the nineteenth, the day the obsequies took place at Washington. For this reason there were no preparations for any such demonstration on the arri- val of the funeral cortege, but it was met at the depot by a large concourse of people. An impromptu pro- cession was formed by citizens, headed by the military. The coffin was taken to a fine hearse, which was cov- ered with black cloth, and surrounded by an arched canopy tastefully trimmed with white satin and silver lace. The coffin was elevated so as to be seen at a long distance. The procession moved along the principal streets to the sound of solemn music, and reached St. James Hall about half past nine o'clock. The body was conveyed into the Hall and deposited on a dais, in the presence of the accompanying Guard of Honor and the Union Continentals. As the remains were carried in, the Buffalo St. Cecelia Society sang, with much feel- ing, the dirge, " Rest, Spirit, Rest; " after which, the AND THE NATIONAL. LINCOLN MONUMENT. 71 Society placed an elegantly formed harp, made of choice white flowers, at the head of the coffin, which was over- shadowed by a crape canopy, and the space lighted up by a large chandelier in the ceiling. Ex-President Fillmore was among the civilians composing the escort to St. James Hall. Large numbers of Canadians came over to Buffalo during the day, to manifest their sym- pathy by iaking part in the procession and viewing the remains. The funeral party being the guests of the city, were quarter-ed at the Mansion House. All kinds of business was suspended, and it was estimated that between forty and fifty thousand persons took a parting look at the remains. At eight o'clock in the afternoon the coffin was closed ; about nine it was taken back to the depot, and at ten p. 'm. the train resumed its jour- ney. 72 THE GREAT FUKEEAL CORTEGE, CHAPTEE IX. At New Hamburg, North Evans, Lake view, Angola and Silver Creek, the depots were draped in mourning, large bonfires were burning, and the people were assem- bled in great numbers to see the funeral cortege of the martyred President. Dunkirk, N. Y., 12:10 a. m._, Friday, April 28. The depot was elaborately and artistically decorated with mourning drapery and festoons of evergreens. An immense throng of people were assembled, who stood with heads uncovered as the train moved up. The principal feature of the scene was a group of thirty- six young ladies, representing the States of the Union, dressed in white, with black scarfs on their shoulders. All were kneeling, and e£tch held in her hands a na- tional flag. It was a beautiful tableau, as seen at the midnight hour by the glare of more than a hundred lamps and torches. When the train stopped, the young ladies entered the funeral car and placed a wreath of flowers and evergreens on the coffin. The firing of minute guns, the tolling of bells, and the band per- forming a requiem, combined with the other parts to present a spectacle such as had never before been wit- nessed on the shores of Lake Erie. At Brockton there was a crowd standing with heads uncovered and in silence as the train passed by. Westfield, N. Y., one o'clock a. m., April 28. The train stopped for wood and water, and a delegation of five ladies placed a cross and wreath of roses on the coffin. It bore the inscription : >' Our's, the Cross ; Thine, the Crown." AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 73 All of them were aifected to tears, and considered it a privilege to kiss the coffin. Ripley, N. Y. Flags were draped in mourning, bon- fires blazing, and the people stood in gi'oops with heads uncovered. , State Line, between New York and Pennsylvania, 1:32 a. m., April 28. A bonfire was blazing, flags were draped, and a large number of people were assembled to look at the funeral cortege of Abraham Lincoln. North East, Pa., 1:47 a. m. A little girl came on board with a cross and wreath of roses and other flow- ers, and placed it on the coffin. The cross bore the inscription : " Rest in Peace." Major General Dix took leave of the remains at this place and returned to New York. F. F. Faran, Mayor of Erie, and others, came on board. Erie, Pa., 2:-50 a. m., April 28. The citizens of Erie were making arrangements to give suitable recep- tion to the honored remains, when they were informed by the Superintendent of the Cleveland & Erie rail- road that the funeral escort had made a special request that no public demonstration be made at that place, in order to give them an opportunity for repose. The request was unauthorized, but it deprived them of a mournful pleasure. Notwithstanding this, a large num- ber of people were assembled at the depot, where a transparency was displayed, with the inscription : " Abraham Lincoln may die, but tlie principles .embalmed in his blood will liv« forever." Girard, Pa. A large number of people were collect- ed at the depot, which was draped with mourning and illuminated with bonfires. Springfield, Pa., 2:27 a. m., April 28. A large crowd of people, with lighted torches and drooping flags were assembled at the depot to see the funeral cortege pass by- 74 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Conneaut, Ohio, 3:48 a. m., April 28. This is the first station in Ohio. The depot was draped in mourn- ing and a large number of persons on the platform with heads uncovered. Kingsville, Ohio. Depot was draped and^a crowd of people. Ashtabula, Ohio, 4:27 a. m. Minute guns heralded the approach of the funeral train. The depot was draped in mourning and flags floating to the breeze. Mottoes and inscriptions were displayed expressing the sorrow of the people for the cruel assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Geneva, Madison, Perry, Painesville and Mentor were passed as the day dawned, but the depots were all draped in mourning, flags floating, mottoes displayed and large crowds of people, all eager to see the hearse car bearing all that was mortal of Abraham Lincoln, to his rest. Willoughby, Ohio, April 28, 6:08 a. m. Notwith- standing the early morning hour, a number of very aged men were seen leaning on their staffs with their snow-white locks uncovered. Hundreds of watchers looked longingly at the sable cortege gliding by. Wickliffe, Ohio, 6:20 a. m. Governor John Brough, on the part of Ohio, received the funeral party. He was accompanied by his staff, consisting of Adj. Gen. B. R. Cowan, Asst. Adj. Gen. John T. Mercer, Quar. Mast. Gen. Merrill Barlow, Sergeon Gen. R. N. Barr, Col. S. D. Maxwell, Aid-de-Camp, and F. A. Marble, Private Secretary. Ex-Governor Tod, Senator Sher- man, Hon. Sam. Galloway, and others, accompanied the party. Major General Joseph Hooker, commanding the department of Ohio, with his staff, came on board the train at "Wickliffe, and, under General Orders No. 72, took chief command of the funeral escort. A delega- tion of about twenty-five citizens of Cleveland met the train at this point and formed part of the escort. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 75 Euclid, 6:32 a. m. More of the citizens of Cleve- land came on board the train at this point. Cleveland, Ohio, 7 o'clock a. m., Friday, April 28. The attention of those on the train, was first attracted by a magnificent arch, bearing, in large letters, the in- scription : "ABRAHAM LINCOLN." Immediately under the arch was a female, dressed to represent the Goddess of Liberty. She held in her hand a flag, and this, together with her cap, was braid- ed in mourning. An immense multitude thronged the streets. At seven o'clock, as the train arrived, a na- tional salute of thirty-six guns was fired, and half-hour guns from that time until sunset. As the funeral cor- tege approached, the bells throughout the city com- menced tolling, the shipping in the harbor and all the hotels and other public buildings displayed the Ameri- can flag at half-mast, and all business houses were closed, and remained so throughout the day. At half past seven an immense procession consisting of mili- tary and civic associations, was formed at the Euclid street station. It was composed of six divisions, each headed by a band. As soon as the train arrived at tlie station the coffin was placed in a magnificent hearse, draped with the American flag trimmed with mourn- ing- The procession moved through Euclid street to Erie street, down Erie to Superior street, thence to a public j)ark, where a beautiful temple had been erected. This temple was twenty-four by thirty-six feet, and fourteen feet high, to the cornice. The roof was in pagoda style. Within this temple was a gorgeous catafalque. The coffin was laid on a dais, about two feet above the floor of the catafalque. The columns were wreathed with evergreens and white flowers, and trimmed with mourning. Black cloth fringed with silver, drooped 76 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, from the corners and the centre of the canopy, and looped back to the columns. The floor and sides of the dais were covered with black cloth, bordered with silver fringe. The cornice was brilliantly ornamented with white rosettes and stars of silver. The inside of the canopy was lined with black cloth, gathered in folds, and black and white crape. In the centre of the can- opy was a large star of black velvet, ornamented with thirty-six silver stars, representing the States ' of the Union. The dais was covered with flowers and a fig- ure representing the Goddess of Liberty was placed at the head of the coffin. The ceiling of the temple was hung with festoons of evergreens and flowers. Lamps were attached to the pillars of the catafalque, and the columns of the temple, that the remains might be viewed at night as well as by day. This temple seemed, in daylight, as if it was a creation of fairy land, and when lighted up with all the lanterns, and standing out amid the surrounding darkness, looked more like the realization of an enchanted castle than the work of men's hands. The cost of it must have been very great, and I have been thus minute in the description because there was nothing comparable to it at any other place on the whole journey. This large expenditure on the part of the citizens of Cleveland, to prepare a few hours resting place for the remains of Abraham Lincoln, on their way to the tomb, was only a faint symbol of the sacrifices they had already niade, and were still willing to make in support of the principles for which he was assassinated. The religious services were conducted by the Right Rev. Bishop Mcllvaine, of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He read a part of the funeral service of that Church, suitable to the occasion. After the religious services, two columns of sjDectators — one on each side — began filing past the corpse, and, notwithstanding it rained the greater part of the time, about eighty per- sons per minute viewed the remains of President Lin- AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 77 coin, throughout the day. At intervals the coffin was freshly covered with flowers by the ladies. It was es- timated that more than fifty thousand persons viewed the remains, and when the coffin closed, near midnight, there were still hundreds in line, disappointed in their effisrts to look on the face of the dead. The funeral party being the guests of the city, were quartered at the Weddell House. While the funeral party were in Cleveland they were waited upon by Charles L. Wilson, editor of the Chi- cago Journal, as chairman of the Committee of One Hundred citizens, appointed by the City Council of Chicago, " to proceed to Michigan City to receive the remains of President Lincoln, escort them to Chicago, and accompany them to Springfield." Mr. Wilson tendered the hospitalities of the city to the funeral es- cort when they should arrive in Chicago, and stated that, up to the time of his departure, forty-one organi- zations and societies, representing twenty-five thousand men, had reported to the Chief Marshal their intention to form part of the procession. The saloons of Cleveland were all closed during the stay of the funeral party in that city, by a proclamation from the Mayor ; and, in order to control the move- ments of the vast multitude, al"l the streets leading to the Park were fenced up and gates placed in the centre. They were guarded by military, and the people admit- ted no faster than they could view the remains and pass out. In this way, all crowding about the temple was avoided. The procession began re-forming about ten o'clock p. m., and escorted the remains to the depot. THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, CHAPTER X, At midnight, the funeral cortege left Cleveland, to continue its westward course. Rain continued to fall, but tliat did not abate the anxiety of the people. Among the towns worthy of special mention, on ac- count of their costly, and elaborate demonstrations, were Berea, Olmstead, Columbia, Grafton, Lagrange, Wel- lington, Rochester, New London, Greenwich, Shiloh, Shelby and Crestline, the latter place being reached at seven minutes past four o'clock a. m. At all these places the depots were draped and the national flag shrouded in mourning. Mottoes and inscriptions ex- pressive of the sorrow of the people were everywhere visible. Through the rain and darkness they came, bearing lanterns and torches, that they might obtain a passing view of the great funeral pageant. Gallon, Iberia and Gilead, each presented the same appearance, and the train arrived at Cardington at 5:20 a. m., Sat- urday, April 29. The largest gathering seen after leaving Cleveland, were collected at this place, about three thousand people being present. The depot was handsomely draped with mourning flags. Over the doorway was an inscription, in large letters, " He sleeps iii the blessings of the poor, whose fetters God com- inissiniied him to hreak." The train arrived and departed to the sound of min- ute guns and the tolling of bells. Ashley, Eden, Dela- ware, Berlin, Lewis' Centre, Orange, Westerville and "NVorthington, all presented the same appearance of AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN jrONUMENT. 79 depots draped in mourning, with mottoes, inscriptions, and increasing crowds of people. The train arrived at Columbus, Ohio, at 7:30 a. m., Saturday, April 29. By way of preparing for appropriately honoring the re- mains of the late Chief Magistrate, the following order- had been promulgated at the proper time : ) Gbn'i, H'dcj'hs, State of Ohio, General Order, No 5. y Adjutant General's Office, \ Columbus, April 33, 1865. Major John "W. Skiles, Eighty-eiglith 0. V. I., is hereby ap- pointed Chief Marshal of the ceremonies in honor of the remains of the late President Lincoln, in the city of Columbus, on the twenty-ninth inst. He will appoint his own aides, and will have entire control of the ceremonies and procession attending the transfer of the remains from and to the depot. All societies, dele- gations, or other organizations, wishing to participate in the cere- monies, will report, by telegraph or letter, to the Chief Marshal on or before ten o'clock a. m. of Friday, the twenty-eighth inst. The headquarters of the Chief Marshal, during Thursday and Friday, twenty-seventh and twenty-eiglith inst., will he at the Adjutant General's office, in the Capitol. By order of the Governor : B. R COWEN, Assistant Adjutant General. Immediately on the arrival of the train, the funeral party were taken in carriages, the carriages moving three abreast, and the coffin was conveyed to a mag- nificent hearse. It was seventeen feet long, eight and a half feet wide, and seventeen and a half feet from the ground to the top of the canopy. The floor of the hearse was four feet from the ground. A dais was raised two and a half feet above the floor, making six and a half feet above the ground. On this the coffin rested, where it was sufficiently elevated for all to see it. The canopy was foi'med like a Chinese pagoda. The interior of the canopy was lined with silk lags, 80 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, and the outside covered with black broadcloth. The dais, main floor,and the entire hearse was covered with black cloth, wliich hung in festoons from the main plat- form to within a few inches of the ground. The broad- cloth was fringed with silver lace and ornamented with heavy tassels of black silk. Surrounding the cornice were thirty-six silver stars, and on the apex and the four corners were heavy black plumes. The canopy was curtained with black cloth and lined with white merino. On each side of the dais was the name "Lincoln," in silver letters. The hearse was drawn by six white horses, all covered with black cloth, edged with silver fringe. The heads of the horses were sur- mounted with large black plumes, and each was led by a groom, dressed in black, with white gloves and a white band around his hat. The flowers of Buffalo and Cleveland were still on the lid of the coffin. The procession was by far the most grand and imposing of any that had ever marched through the streets of the capital of Ohio. It was composed of soldiers, citizens and civic societies, not of Columbus only, but of Cincinnati and other cities and towns for many miles around. At the Soldiers' Hospital, the invalids had adorned the palings in front of the building with national flags, trimmed with mourning, and displayed other evidences of sorrow. These invalids, made so in the service of their country, gathered flowers and branches, principally lilac, and for several hundred yards, had strewn them on each side of the street, where the procession was to pass. Many of the soldiers appeared on crutches. Amid the tolling of bells and the booming of cannon, the solemn cortege wended its way to the State Capi- tol. The pillars of that beautiful white edifice were artisticially draped in mourning, and flags were at half- mast on each side of the dome. Displayed conspicu- ously, in large black letters, were the following words : " With malice toward none, with charity for all." AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 81 Arched over the gate leading to the grounds, were the Avords, " Ohio Mourns," and over the entrance to the building, " God moves in a mysterious way." The interior of the eapitol was draped in the most elabo- rate and costly style. The coffin was conveyed into the rotunda, where it was deposited on a mound of moss, thickly dotted with the choicest of flowers, and surrounded by ele- gant vases of rare exotics. The walls were adorned with Powell's great painting of Perry's victory on Lake Erie ; with clusters of battle flags, torn and rid- dled with bullets, as they were borne by Ohio regi- ments in suppressing the rebellion. These were fes- tooned with crape, and drooped sadly around the spacious rotunda. As soon as the coffin was properly arranged, the spectators began to pass before the re- mains. Solemn dirges were performed at intervals, and guns were fired during the day. In the afternoon, a meet- ing was held at the east side of the eapitol. On the stage were Major Generals Hooker and Hunter, with the clergy of the city. Rev. Mr. Goodwin opened the services with prayer. The Hon. Job E. Stevenson then addressed the vast assemblage, in a most eloquent and thrilling oration. He was listened to with the most profound attention from beginning to end. I can only give a very brief synopsis. He said : " Ohio mourns, America monrus, the civilized -world will mourn the cruel death of Abraham Lincoln, the brave, the wise, the good ; bravest, wisest, best of men. History alone can measure and weigh his worth, but we, in parting from his mortal remains, may indulge the fullness of our hearts, in a few broken words, of his life, his death and his fame. "A western farmer's son, self-made, in early manhood he won by sterling qualities of head and heart, tlie public confidence, and was entrusted with tlie people's power. G-rowing with his State, he became a leader in the west. Elected President, he disbelieved 6 82 THE GEE AT FUNERAL COETEGE, the threats of traitors, and sought to serve his term in peace. The clouds of civil war darkened the laud. The President pleaded and prayed for peace, 'long declined the war,' and only when the storm in fury burst upon the flag, did he arm for the Union. For four years the war raged, and the President was tried as man was never tried before. Oh, 'with what a load of toil and care,' has lie come, with steady, steadfast step, through the valley and the shadow of defeat, over the bright mountain of victory, up to the sun-lit plain of peace! " Tried by dire disaster at Bull Run, where volunteer patriots met veteran traitors ; at Fredericksburg, where courage contended with nature; at Chancellorville, that desperate venture; in the dismal swamps of the Chickahominy, where a brave army was buried in vain; by the chronic siege of Charleston, the mockery of Richmond, and the dangers of Washington — through all these trials the President stood firm, trusting in God and the people, while the people trusted in Grod and in him. There were never braver men than the Union volunteers ; none braver ever rallied in Grecian phalanx or Roman legion ; none braver ever bent the Saxon bow, or bore barbarian battle axe, or set the lance in rest ; none braver ever followed the crescent or the cross, or fought with Napoleon, or Wellington, or Washington. Tet the com- mander-in-chief of the Union army and navy was w,orthy of the man- — filling for four years the foremost and most perilous part unfaltering. " Tried by good fortune, he saw soldiers of the West recover the great valley, and bring back to the Union the Father of Waters, and all his beautiful children. He saw the legions of Lee hurled from the heights of Gettysburg. He saw the flag of the free rise on Lookout Mountain, and spread from river to sea, and rest over Sumter. He saw the Star Spangled Banner, bright- ened by the blaze of battle, bloom over Richmond, and he saw Lee surrender. Yet he remained wise and modest, giving all the glory to God and our army and navy. " Tried by civil affairs which would have taxed the powers and tested the virtues of Jefferson, Hamilton and Washington, he ad- ministered them so wisely and well, that after three years no man was found to take his place. He was re-elected, and the harvest AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 83 of success came in so gradually, that he might have said, ' Now, Lord, lettest Thou Thy servant depart iu peace, for mine eyes have seen Thy salvation.' Yet lie was free from weakness or vanity. Thus did he exhibit, on occasion, in due proportion and harmonious action, tliose cardinal virtues, the trinity of true great- ness — courage, wisdom and goodness ; goodness to love the right, wisdom to know the right, and courage to do the right. Tried by these tests, and by the touchstone of success, he was the great- est of living men. " But why multiply words of his greatness ? We read it in the nation's eyes. What a scene do we witness ! Some of us remem- ber when, on the thirteenth of February, 1861, four years and two months before his death, the President was here on his way to Wasliington, and spoke in the State House. Then, this self-made man was untried, and his friends, and he himself, questioned his capacity to fill the responsible position to whicli he was chosen. He spoke with misgivings, but placing his reliance on Providence, went forward reluctantly to the chair ; and now, after four short years, he returns, borne on the bosom of millions of men, his -way watered with tears and strewn with flowers. " He stood on the summit, his brow bathed in the beams of tlie rising sun of peace, singing in his heart the angelic song of 'Glor}' to God in the highest, peace on eartli and good will toward men.' 'With malice toward none, witli charity for all,' he had forgiven tlie people of the South, and might have forgotten tlieir leaders — covering with the broad mantle of his charity their multitude of sins. But he is slain — slain by slavery. That fiend incarnate did tlie deed. Beaten in battle, the leaders sought to save slavery by assassination. This madness presaged their destruction. "Abraham Lincoln was the personification of Mercy. Andrew Johnson is the personification of Justice. They have murdered Mercy, and Justice rules alone, and the people, with one voice, pray to heaven that justice may be done. The blood of thousands of murdered prisoners cries to heaven. The shades of sixty-two thousand starved soldiers rise up in judgment against them. . The body of the murdered President condems them. Some deprecate vengeance. Tliere is no room for vengeance here. Long before jtis- tic4 can have done Iter perfect work, tlie material will be exliaunted and 84 THE GEEAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, the recoi'd dosed. Some wonder why the South killed her hest friend. Abraham Lincoln was th« true friend of the people of the South ; for he was their friend as Jesus is the friend of sinners, ready to save when they repent. Ours is the grief, theirs is the loss, and his is the gain. He died for Liberty and Union, and now he wears the martyr's glorious crown. He is our crowned President. "While the Union survives, while the love of liberty warms the human heart, Abraham Lincoln will hold high rank among the immortal dead. The imperial free Republic, the best and strongest government on earth, will be a monument to his glory, while over and above all shall rise and swell the great dome of his fame." The procession of the morning was re-formed, and escorted the remains to the depot, and at eight o'clock p. m. the funeral train resumed its course, amid the firing of guns and the tolling of the bells of the city. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 85 GHAPTEE XI. At Pleasant Valley, Unionville, Milford, Wood- stock and Cable, the depots were decorated and draped in mourning, and bonfires and torches enabled the large crowds assembled to see the funeral train. At Woodstock a delegation of ladies entered the hearse car and decorated the coffin with flowers, and at the same time the Woodstock band played a solemn piece of music. Urbana, Ohio, 10:30 p. m., April 29. Three thous- and people were assembled, and a large bonfire lighted up the scene. Ten young ladies entered the car and strewed flowers on the bier, some of them weeping. At the same time a choir of forty male and female voices sang, " Go to thy Rest." The train arrived and de- parted with minute guns firing and bells tolling. At St. Paris and Fletcher bonfires were blazing and the people were standing with heads uncovered and in silence as the train moved along. Piqua, Ohio, 12:20 a. m., Sunday, April 30. Many thousands of people were assembled at the depot, which was draped in mourning. The scene was lighted up with large fires. A delegation from the Methodist Church, with Eev. Granville Moody, sang a funeral hymn. Two bands also discoursed solemn music. Covington, Bradford Junction and Gettysburg were passed in quick succession, and, notwithstanding it was in the middle of the night, there was a large crowd at each place, with bonfires, flags and mottoes. Greenville, Ohio, two o'clock a. m., Sunday, April 30. The depot was tastefully decorated, and the scene 86 THE GEEAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, lighted up by two large bonfires. Thirty-six young ladies, representing the States of the Union, were dressed in white, each waving a star-spangled banner. A requiem was sung by a choir of ladies aud gentle- men. A large number of people were standing at the depot at New Madison. Xew Paris, 2:41, Sunday morning, April 30. The depot was artistically draped in mourning. An arch spanned the track. It was adorned with evergreens draped in mourning. The scene was lighted up by huge bonfires. This was the last town on that line of road in the State of Ohio. Richmond, Ind., 3:10 a. m., Sunday, April 30. This was the first town entered in the State of Indiana. The scene here was imposing and magnificently solemn. The city contains about twelve thousand inhabitants, but there were more than that number present. Ar- rangements were effected the day before to have all the bells in the city rang an hour previous to the expected arrival of the funeral cortege. At the time appointed they pealed forth their notes on the still night air, and soon the streets were filled with men and women, old and young, all wending their way to the depot. Broad- brimmed hats and Quaker bonnets were liberally sprinkled among the vast concourse — as the Friends are more numerous here, in proportion to the whole population, than they are in the city of Philadelphia. Nearly the whole population of the city came out, and the people in the surrounding country left their homes in the middle of the night and came many miles in wagons, carriages, and on horseback, and it was esti- mated that between twelve and fifteen thousand were present. As the train approached the city the bells on the engines of the Airline railroad — a cross road — were tolling, and all the engines were lighted up with revolv- ing lamps and tastefully decorated in mourning. A gorgeous arch was constructed, twenty-five feet high AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 87 and thirty wide, under -whicli the train passed. On both sides of the structure American flags were wrought into triangles, down the sides of which were suspended, at equal distances, transparencies of red, white, and blue, alternating with chaplets of evergreens, which clambered up the sides of the triangles and centered at the summit in velvet rosettes. Across the structure, at about eighteen feet from the base was a platform car- peted with black velvet. On the ends of this platform " were two flags in drooping folds. In the center of this upper work was a female representing the Goddess of Liberty. She was in a sitting posture, weeping over a coffin. On one side was a boy-soldier and on the other a boy-sailor, both acting as mourners. Governor Mor- ton and suite, with other prominent gentlemen from dif- ferent parts of the State, about one hundred in all, came on a special train from Indianapolis and joined the funeral party at Richmond. After a brief pause, the train moved slowly away, and the multitude, with sad hearts, dispersed to their homes in silence. Centerville, Ind., 3:41 a. m. The depot was splen- didly robed in mourning. At each end of the plat- form were two chandeliers, brilliantly lighted. The people Avere anxious for the train to tarry longer, but of course their wishes could not be complied with. Centerville is the home of the Hon. George W. Julian, and was the home of Hon. O. P. Morton, previous to his becoming Governor of the State. Germantown, Ind., 4:05 a. m. A number of bril- liant bonfires were burning, flags draped in mourning, and other evidences of sorrow exhibited. Cambridge City, Ind., 4:15 a. m. As the funeral train reached this place, it was received with salvos of artillery. A very tasty arch spanned the railroad track. It was beautifully decorated and appropriately draped in mourning. The darkness was turned into a solemn glare by the burning of Bengal lights, and as the red- dish blue met the first streaks of grey on the eastern 88 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, horizon, the effect was solemn and impressive. It was the unanimous verdict of those who traveled all the journey with the train, that this, and the display at Richmond, was not excUed in taste and appropriateness by anything that had been witnessed. There was a solemn earnestness depicted on the countenance of the Indiana patriots, and the sentence seemed to be writ- ten as if in " burnished rows of steel," that though Lincoln had died, the republic should live. Dublin, Ind., 4:30 a. m., Sunday, April 30. The platform and sides of the track were lined with peo- ple whose looks and actions bespoke their deep grief. A neat and beautiful arch, entwined with evergreens and mourning emblems, was erected for the train to pass under. The depot was artistically draped, and on the right was a large flag. In a conspicuous place there was a portrait of the martyred President entwined with evergreens and roses. Dublin is a town of about fif- teen hundred inhabitants, and was the last station passed in Wayne county, which has been largely under Quaker influence from its first settlements, and, although you would see but little of the outward sign of that peculiar people, their principles are nowhere more de- cidedly felt than at this place. There has never been a whisky-shop in the town, and it is a remarkable co- incidence that for many years the Republican ticket has been voted unanimously — not a single one on the other side. I well remember the amusement created at Richmond, in the same county, on the evening of the Presidential election, in 1864. As the reports came in by telegraph they were posted on an illuminated bulletin. Among the earliest was, Dublin, For Lincoln, 269 For McClellan, Majority for Lincoln, 269 At Lewisville, Rayville, Knightstown, Charlottes- ville, Greenfield, Philadelphia and Cumberland, mourn- AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 89 ing emblems and other demonstrations of sorrow were everywhere visible. Indianapolis, seven o'clock, a. m., Sunday, April 30, 1865. The funeral cortege arrived at this hour with all that was mortal of Abraham Lincoln. The avenues leading to the depot were closely packed with people. The military organizations were in line from the depot to the State House. The corpse was taken in charge by a local guard of soldiers, and con- veyed to a very large and magnificent hearse, prepared especially for the occasion. It was drawn by eight white horses, six of them having been attached to the carriage in which the President elect rode, on his way to Washington, four years before. By the time the procession was ready to move, rain commenced falling. The arrival of the train was announced by the firing of artillery and tolling of bells throughout the city, and this continued until the hearse arrived at the State House. The body was conveyed to the interior of the building, and soon after exposed to view. The Sabbath school children were first admitted, and then ladies and citizens generally passed through the Capitol and viewed the remains. At many of the streets intended to be crossed by the procession were triple arches, adorned with evergreens and national flags. Great preparations had been made in draping the city in mourning. It included public buildings, business houses and private residences of all classes. The threatening rain deterred many from ornamenting their buildings who would otherwise have done so, and the torrents of water sadly marred what had been done. The rain prevented many of the organizations from turning out that had provided themselves with banners bearing apfiropriate inscriptions. The colored Masons, in their appropriate clothing, and colored citizens gen- erally turned out in procession and visited the remains in a body. At the head of their procession they car- ried the Emancipation Proclamation. At intervals 90 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, banners were seen bearing, among others, the following- inscriptions : " Colored men always Loyal." " Lincoln, Martyr of Liberty." "He lives in our memories." "Slavery is Dead!" The City Councils of Cincinnati, Louisville and Covington, with Governor Bramlette and many other distinguished personages from Kentucky, and from nearly all the towns and cities of Indiana, were in In- dianapolis, to take part in a grand military and civic demonstration. It was expected that the procession would march early in the day, and that Governor Mor- ton would deliver a funeral oration at the Capitol in the afternoon. Every railroad train for the previous twenty-four hoars brought in its thousands, but the incessant rain prevented the programme from being carried out. All that could be done was to pay their silent respects to the remains. A constant stream of spectators continued to file past the coffin until near midnight, when it was escorted back to the dejiot, and, like the star of empire, continued its westward course. A time table was prepared, and rules and regulations adopted, at Indianapolis, for running the train from that city to Chicago. The paper was signed by an officer of each of the three roads over which the train was to pass— the Indianapolis & Lafayette, the Louis- ville, New Albany & Chicago, from Lafayette to Michi- gan City, and the Michigan Central from Michigan City to Chicago. As a sample of the way the train AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 91 was run during the whole journey, I omit the time table, but insert here the RULES AND REGULATIONS. 1. Tlie figures in Table represent the time upon wliicli the Pi lot Engine is to he run, and the fuueral train will follow, leaving each station ten minutes behind the figures of this table. 2. The funeral train will pass stations at a speed not exceeding five miles an hour, the engineman tolling his bell as the train passes through the station and town. 3. Telegraph offices upon the entire route will be kept open during the passage of the funeral train, and as soon as the train has passed a station the operator vrill at once give notice to tliat ef- fect to tlie next telegraph station. 4. The pilot engine will pass no telegraph station without first getting information of funeral train having paseed the last pre- ceding telegraph station, coming to a full stop for that informa- tion, if necessary. 5. Upon the entire route a safety signal will be shown at each switch and bridge, and at entrance upon each curve, indicating that all is safe for the passage of pilot and train — each man in charge of a signal knowing personally such to be the ease, so far as his foresight can provide for it. The signal from Indianapolis, until reaching broad daylight, to be a white light, and from that point to Chicago, a white flag, draped. 6. The engineman in charge of pilot engine will carry two red lights in the night, and an American flag, draped, during daylight, indicating that a train is following, and will also provide them- selves with red lights, flags and extra men, to give imwnediate notice to the funeral train, in case of meeting with anything on the route causing delay or detention. 7. The enginemen in charge of the funeral train will keep a sharp lookout for the pilot engine and its signa.ls. 8. The pilot and funeral train will have entire right to the line during its passage, and all engines and trains of every description will be kept out of the way. 9. Each road forming the route will run its train upon its own standard time. 92 THE GREAT FUNERAL COETEGB, CHAPTER XII. Notwithstanding the train departed in the middle of tlie night from Indianapolis, formidable demonstra- tions were made at Augusta, Zionsville, Whitestown, Lebanon, Hazelrigg, Thorntown, Colfax, Stockwell and many other points. The depots were draped in mourning and other insignia of sorrow were visible, in the light of bonfires and torches ; but the people were assembled in large numbers at every point, to witness the great funeral train. Arrived at Lafayette at three o'clock and thirty-five minutes, Monday morning, May 1. It was known that the train would stop at this place but a few min- utes, but it appeared to those on board as if all the inhabitants of the city, and from many miles of the surrounding country, were there. The depot was draped in mourning, and the surrounding scene well lighted. The bells of the city were tolled, and other manifesta- tions of sorrow were visible. From Lafayette, the stations of Tippecanoe Battle Ground, Brookston, Chalmers, Reynolds, Bradford, Francisville, Medaryville, Kankakee, LaCrosse, Wana- tah, Westville, Lacroix and many other towns, the depots were draped, and the people in many wa\s demonstrated their sorrow for the loss of our Chief Magistrate. Michigan City, Indiana, eight o'clock a. m.. May 1. A bountiful breakfast was prepared for the entire fu- neral party, in the main station house. Thirty -six young ladies, representing the States of the Union, and one representing the Goddess of Liberty, appeared AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT, 93 t in appropriate costumes, and with a large number of other ladies, appropriated the time assigned to the fu- neral party for breakfast, in passing through the hearse car to look on the coffin containing the remains of the martyred President. The funeral train approached the depot under a large triple arch, which was surmounted by a tall flag- staff, bearing the national colors trimmed with mourn- ing, at half-mast. Portraits of the illustrious deceased were suspended from the centre of each arch, wreathed in evergreens, and surrounded by draped flags and other insignia of sorrow. Among the mottoes dis- played, were the following : "Noblest martyr to Freedom; sacred thy dust; hallowed thy resting place." " With tears we resign thee to God and History." " The purposes of th& Almighty are perfect, and must prevail." " Our guiding star has fallen ; our nation mourns." Here the funeral escort were joined by the Hon. Schuyler Colfax and friends, and the citizen's com- mittee of one hundred, who came out from Chicago on a special train. After all had partaken of breakfast, the train started for Chicago, at 8:35 a. m., over the Michigan Central Railroad. Arrived at Chicago at 11 o'clock a. m., Monday, May 1. The train did not run to the Union depot, but stopped a little more than one mile south, where a temporary platform had been prepared, opposite Park Place, a short street running from the lake shore one square west, to Michigan avenue. Park Place is one square north of Twelfth street, and is between that street and Lake Park. 94 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Across the foot of Park Place a magnificent Funeral Arch had been erected. It was built of wood, in the Gothic style of architecture, and consisted of a central arch thirty feet high in the clear, and twenty-four feet wide, and two side arches, each eight feet wide in the clear, and twenty feet high. The three arches and their abutments, or columns, made a total width of fifty- or^s feet. The total height of the central arch and turrets was about forty feet. This grand triple arch had two fronts, one east, the other west. Fifty American flags, with mourning drapery interwoven, were used in decorating the arches. Busts and portraits of Lincoln were placed conspicu- ously upon the arches. Two figures of an American eagle were placed near the apex of the central arch- that on the east front folding its wings, as if at rest, and the one on the west with wings extended, as if in the act of taking flight. All three of the arches had inscriptions on each front. Those on the east or lake side were : " Our Union ; cemented in patriot blood shall stand forever." " An honest man is the noblest work of God." "The poor man's champion; the people mourn him.' On the west front : " We honor him dead, wlio honored us while living." ' Rest in peace noble soul, patriot heart." "Faithful to right, a martyr to justice." Beneath the central arch was a platform or dais. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 95 Tlic dais was covered with black velvet, ornamented with silver fringe, and fastened with silver stars. Black velvet hung in festoons on all sides, reaching nearly to the ground. It was sufficiently elevated for those at a distance to view it Over the heads of the surround- ing multitude. The area around the dais was large enough to afford standing room for many thousands. This area was filled to its utmost capacity long before the hour of the expected arrival. AVhen the funeral train arrived at Park Place, a sig- nal gun was fired, and the tolling of the bell on the Court House announced the news to the citizens, but there were already thousands and thousands of people congregated in the vicinity of the funeral arch. The vast multitude stood in profound silence, and rever- ently uncovered their heads as the coffin was borne to the dais beneath the grand arch, while the great West- ern Light Guard Band performed the Lincoln Re- quiem, composed for the occasion. Thirty-six young lady pupils of the High School, dressed in white and banded with crape, then walked around the bier and each deposited an immortelle on the coffin as she passed. The coffin was then placed in the funeral car or hearse, prepared expressly for the occasion, and the funeral cortege passed out of Park Place into Michigan avenue, and fell into procession in something like the following order : Police. Band of music playing the Lincoln Eequiem. Chief Marshal Col. R. M. Hongh and Major General Joseph Hooker. Assistant Marshal Col. J. L. Hancock, and Superintendent of Police, William Turtle. Major General Alfred Sully and staff. Brigadier General N. B. Buford and staff. Brigadier General J B. Sweet and staff; and Military Band. 96 THE GREAT FUNEEAL COETEGE, Eighth Veteran Reserve Corps, Lieut. Col. Skinner, and four hundred men, with arms reversed, and in mourning. Military Band. Fifteenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, Lieut Col. Martin Flood commanding, with four hundred men, arms reversed and in mourning. PALL BKAKBRS. *^ PALL BBAKEKS. Hon. L3'mau Trumhull, tg; Hon. Thomas Drummond, Hon. John Wentvforth, ^ Lt. Gov. William Bross, Hon. F. C. Sherman, {> Hon. J. B. Rice, Hon. E. C. Larned, ^ Hon. S. "W. Fuller, Hon. F. A. Hofflnan, ^ Hon. T. B. Bryan, Hon. J. R. Jones, ?^ Hon. J. Young Scammon. Military Escort. Capt. James McComly, of the 9th Veteran Reserve Corps ; First Lieutenant J. R. Durkee, 7th U. S. I. ; Second Lieutenant E. Murphy, 10th TJ. S. I.; and twenty-five sergeants of the Veteran Reserve Corps. Guard of Honor, Consisting of the general officers appointed by the Secretary of War to accompany the remains from Washington to Springfield, Illinois. Two carriages contained the relatives and family friends. In the first, rode the Rev. Dr. Gurley, pastor, and Ninian W. Ed- wards and C. M. Smith, the two latter brothers in-law of the Presi- dent. In the second, rode Judge David Davis, of the U. 8. Su- preme Court; General W. W. Orme, and W. H. Hanna, Esq. Illinois Delegation. Gov. R. J. Ogleshy, Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Hon. Shelby M. CuUom, Hon. D. L. Phillips, W. H. Hanna, Adjutant General Isham N. Haynie, Col. James H. Bowen, E. F. Leonard, Dr. S. H. Melvin, Hon. O. M. Hatch, Col. John Williams. Congressional Committee. Senator Nye, of Nevada; Senator Williams, of Oregon; Sena- tor H. S. Laue, of Indiana ; Senator J. H. Lane, of Kansas ; Sena- tors Howe and Doolittle, of Wisconsin; and George T. Brown, Sergeant-at-Arms of the U. S. Senate. Hon. Schuyler Colfax, Speaker U. S. House of Representatives ; Hon. E. B. Washburn, AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 97 Hon. B. C. Cook, Hon. J. 0. Norton, the three latter from Illinois ; Hon. J. K. Morehead and Hon. Jo.?epli Bailey, of Pennsylvania; Hon. J. 0. Sloan, of Wi-sconsin; Hon. J. F. "Wilson, of Iowa; Hon. J. H. Farquliar, of Indiana; Hon, Sydney Clarke, of Kan- sas; Hon. Thomas B. Shannon, of California; Hon. Charles E. Phelps, of Maryland ; Hon. Samuel Hooper, of Massachusetts ; Hon. T. W. Ferry, of Michigan ; Hon. "W. A. Newell, of New Jersey ; Hon. N. G. Ordway, Sergeant-at-Arms U. S. House of Representatives. Grov. O. P. Morton and staff, of Indiana ; Governor W- H. Wal- lace, of Idaho Territory ; and Gov. "William Pickering, of "Wash- ington Territory. Representatives of the Press. L. A. Gobright, of "Washington City, and C. R. Morgan, both of the Associated Press; Dr. Adonis, of the Chicago Tribune; C. H. Page, of the New York Tribune; U. H. Painter, of the Philadel- phia Inquirer; and G. B. Woods, of the Boston Daily Advertiser. Committee of One Hundred, Appointed by the City Council of Chicago, " to proceed to Michi- gan City, to receive the remains of President Lincoln, escort them to Chicago, and accompany them to Springfield." The fol- lowing catalogue contains the names of all the members of the committee : Ex-Mayors B. W. Raymond, J. L. Milliken, James H. Wood- worth, J. S. Rumsey, Charles M. Gray, John 0. Haines, Alexander Lloyd, and A. S. Sherman; Charles Randolph, N. K. Fairbanks, J. S. Brownson, John C. Dore, John F. Beatty, Stephen Clary, C. J. Wheeler, J. Maple, S. S. Hayes, Mancel Talcott, N. W. Huntley, Aaron Gibbs, Judge J. B. Bradwell, Judge E. S. Wil- liams, Judge E. VanBuren, H. T. Dickey, John Kinzie, H. D. Col- vin, Thomas Hoyne, Elliot Anthony, Ira Y. Munn, O. S. Hough, Chas. H. Walker, D. R. Holt, W. D. Houghtelling, G. S. Hubbard, R. McChesney, Samuel Howe, I. Lawson, B. E. Gallup, J. K. Bots- ford, A. B. Johnson, Judge Jos. E. Geary, J. M. Watson, Judge Van H. Higgins, W. B. Brown, Mark Skinner, John Alston, S. P. A. Healey, James H. Goodsell, George M. Kimbark, Wm. Wayman, E. H. Sargent, C. G. Hammond, George C. Bates, Samuel Hoard, Peter Page, W. H. Bradley, L. P. Hilliard, Dr. William Wagner, J. 8. Grindell, George Anderson, U. P. Harris, Dr. J. V. Z. Blaney, 7 98 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, J. L. Marsli, J. H. MoVicker, W. F. Tucker, Dr. J. P. Lyun, J. H. Buriiliam, James Nulten, B. J. Patrick, Dr. D. Braiuard, Matthew Lafliu, John B. Turner, S. B. Cobb, W. W. Boyingtou, Isaac Speer, James W. Sheahan, Robert Hervey, M. L. Sykes, John B. Drake, Jolin L. Wilson, Luther Haven, George Schneider, W. L. Church, Jolm A. Wilson, Jacob Eehm, H. W. Bigelow, A. H. Blackall, Charles L. AVilson, Joseph Medill, A. C. Hesing, J. H. Field, E. W. Blatchford, T. S. Blaokstone, Gen. Julius White, Capt. James Smith, J. V. Farwell, Robert H. Foss, L. Brentano, Wm. James, James Long, S. A. Goodwin, J. M. Van Osdel, M. W. Puller. Charles L. Wilson was Chairman of the Committee of One Hundred, and Col. James H. Bowen and U. P. Harris, Marshals. Next came the Wisconsin Delegation, consisting of Gov. Lewis and other State officers, the Mayor and Couucilmen of the city of Madisou, and several hundred citizens. After the Wisconsin Delegation, came a body of about fifty clergymen — all the principal denominations being represented. The remainder of the procession was separated into five grand divisions, each under a marshal, with a staff or corps of aids. The" procession was made up of soci- eties of almost every kind known to the country. Military organizations innumerable ; Board of Trade ; Mercantile Association ; about one thousand Free Masons, and as many Odd Fellows, appeared in the line. Then there were Union Leagues, Fenian Soci- eties, and many Roman Catholic Societies, Hebrew Societies, Trades Societies' and Unions, students of Chicago University, Druids and societies belonging to citizens from European countries, such as the Holland and Belgian Society, French ' Benevolent Society, Ger- man Societies in large numbers, Scandinavian, Bohe- mian, Irish, English and others. About four hundred colored citizens bearing the mottoes : " We mourn our loss," "Rest in peace, with a nation's tears." AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 99 The Chicago Fire Department brought up the rear. It is worthy of remark, that of the military who took part in the funeral honors, there was a full regi- ment of infantry, which was composed of men who had been in the rebel army, and, after taking the oath of allegiance, at the several prison camps, were re- cruited into the government service. To attempt a detailed description of the procession would only result in failure. It was a wilderness of banners and flags, with their mottoes and inscriptions. The estimated number of persons in line was thirty- seven thousand, and there were three times as many more who witnessed the procession by crowding into the streets bordering on the line of march, making about one hundred and fifty thousand who were on the streets of Chicago that day, to add their tribute of re- spect to the memory of Abraham Lincoln. The line of march was from the Lake shore, at the foot of Park Row, or Park Place, west on that street to Michigan avenue, thence north on Michigan avenue to Lake street, west on Lake to Clark street, south on Clark to the east gate of the Court House square, and inside the square to the south door of the Court House. The remains reached the Court House at a quarter before one o'clock, passing in under the in- scription : " Illinois clasps to her bosom her slain and glorified sou." Over the north door was inscribed : " The beauty of Israel is slain upon her high places." A gorgeous catafalque had been erected in the centre of the rotunda, directly beneath the dome. The coffin was placed on the platform or dais within the cata- falque, and the entire procession passed through the rotunda in the order observed in marching through the streets. This was done before the coffin was 100 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, opened. The embalmers and assistants spent a short time in preparing the remains, and the people were ad- mitted. By midnight, it was estimated that forty thousand people passed^ through the Court House and looked upon the face of the dead President. ^¥hilst the people are filing past the remains, we will leave them and go back to review the route of the pro- cession from its starting point to the Court House. The whole distance was guarded on either side by strong ropes, stretched along near the outer edge of the side walks. The streets wei-e occupied entirely by the procession^ and the side walks by spectators. The grand triple arch, with its inscriptions and mourning decorations, has been described. The residences and business houses, on either side of the streets along which the cortege moved, were among the finest build- ings of their kind in the world, and their owners had been lavish in the expenditure of money in draping them with mourning insignia and otherwise decorating them. Language would utterly fail to describe this part of the scene, and I shall content myself by quoting a small number of the hundreds of mottoes displayed and in describing some of these houses. " Mournfully, tenderly, bear on the dead." " Our Country's Martyr." The mansion of Lieutenant Governor Bross was beautifully draped with black and white crape, inter- woven with the national colors. The mansion of Hon. J. Y. Scammon bore on its front a bust of Abraham Lincoln, surrounded with wreaths of immortelles, and surmounted on the back ground by a cherub. The anchor of Hope was beauti- fully arranged among the mourning drapery. On another house was displayed the motto : " We mourn our beloved President." AND THE NATIONAL, LINCOLN MONUMENT. 101 The residence of Bishop Duggan, of the Roman Catholic Church, displayed the national flags of Ireland and America intertwined. Other houses bore such inscriptions as the following : " In sorrowing grief, the nation's tears are spent, Humanity has lost a friend, and we a President." " Bear him gently to his rest." Beneath a marble bust of the President, surrounded by thirty-six golden stars, was inscribed : " We loved him much, hut now we love him more." One of the banners bore the inscription : " Ours the cross — Thine the crown." On a banner hanging over a bust of Lincoln was : " Freedom's noblest sacrifice." At the Soldiers' Rest, this quotation was displayed : " BMANCIPATION PKOCLAMATION." " Upon. this act, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God." And there were many others, such as : " To Union may our heartfelt call And brotherly love attune us all." "Nations swell thy funeral cry.'' " Young, old, high and low, Tlie same devotion show." 102 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, " And over the coffin man planteth hope." ' Though dead, he yet speaketh." " He won the wreath of fame, And wrote on Memory's scroll a deathless name." " Look how honor glorifies the dead." ' Know ye not that a great man has fallen this day in Israel." " The great Emancipator.'' " He left us sustained by our prayers. He returns embalmed iu our tears." I might continue these quotations almost indefinitely, but I have given enough to indicate the spirit that per- vaded all hearts. Thousands and tens of thousands of dollars were expended in decorating the buildings with mourning drapery. The triple arch was designed, con- structed and decorated under the superintendence of the well known architect, W. W. Boyington. The decorations at the Court House were designed and executed under the superintendence of the other equally well known architect, J. M. Van Osdel. The cata- falque was equal in design, execution and costliness of material, to any that have been described. To attempt a minute description would only bewilder the under- standing. Solemn music, both vocal and instrumental, was per- formed at intervals during the entire night. At mid- night, several hundred German voices chanted a re- quiem in the rotunda with thrilling eifect. Brigadier General Sweet appointed a guard of honor from the AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 103 Veteran Reserve Corps, to relieve those who had acted in tliat capacity from Washington. Their services were not required, for the reason that fifty Illinois offi- cers, formerly serving in the army and navy, had already tendered their services, through Gen. Julius White, to act as Guard of Honor to the remains while in Chicago, and had been accepted by Gen. Townsend. They were appointed as follows : First relief, Col. Edward Daniels ; second relief, Col. Hasbrouck Davis ; third relief, Lieut. Col. Arthur C. Ducat ; fourth relief, Capt. R. L. Law, U. S. N. Each officer of relief had nine officers under him, who, for the time, acted as Guard of Honor. The following was the full guard : Col. Hasbrouck Davis, Col. Edward Daniels, Lieut. Col. Arthur C. Ducat, Capt. R. L. Law, U. S. N. ; Lieut. Col. T. W. Grosveuor, Lieut. Col. S. McClevy, Maj. M. Tliiemau, Maj. John McCarthy, Maj. J. B. Kimball, Chief Engineer, U. S. N. ; Maj. Walter B. Scates, Maj. Charles Elioon, Brev. Maj. L. Bridges ; Captains W. S. Swayne, James Dugane, F. Basse, Edward Went, Z. B. Gi'eenleaf, Henry Koiikle, John McAssen, Samuel A. Love, G. W. Hills, H. S. Goodspeed, R. N. Hayden, J. M. Leish, B. A. Busso, P. H. Adolph, J. G. Langgarth, 0. G. Adoc, Wm. Cunningham; Lieu- tenants N. S. Boutou, C. George, W. P. Barclay, M. Shiekls, J. S. Mitchell, G. S. Bigelow, R. J. Bellamy, R. S. Sheridan, Harry Briggs, F. A. Muuge, J. H. Hills, A. Russell, C. H. Gladding. The skill and cool judgment of Col. E. M. Hough, in handling forty thousand men in the crowded streets of a city like Chicago, was equal to managing twice the number on open ground, and won the praise of all the military men who participated in the procession. A citizen of Chicago, while the people were pouring through the Court House by thousands, to look at the remains of Abraham Lincoln, was heard to say l " I have seen three deceased Kings of England lying in state, but never have witnessed a demonstration so 104 THE GEEAT Ftr>'ERAL COKTEGE, vast in its proportions, so unanimous and spontaneous, as that which has been evoked by the arrival in the city of the remains of the fallen President." The three kings referred to were, George the Third, who, after a reign of sixty years, died in the eighty- third year of his age, January 29, 1820 ; George the Fourth, who died June 26, 1830 ; and William the Fourth, who died June 20, 1837, and was succeeded by his niece. Queen Victoria. The Chicago Times of May 3, speaking of the mani- festations of sorrow and respect, says : " The bittei-est of his political opponents iu life, vied with his warmest adlierents in speaking words of appreciation and esteem. Some of the most toucliing and characteristic reminiscences of his personal traits, and of his private deeds, were contributed with tearful ej'e and brolien voice by his former opponents. "All joined heartily and liberally in preparation for the cere- monies, whicli yesterday and the day before were to put the seal of the people's approbation on his cliaracter and acts in the eye of the world. If men no longer went about their preparations with heavy and o'erburdened hearts, tliey did so with subdued and kindly ones. All was done with a tenderness more touching than the most uncontrollable passion of grief could be. "When the sacred remains were brought through the streets and deposited in the keeping of tlie people of the city, there were no downcast countenances, but none that were not sad and pitiful. There were no loud voices iu the unnumbered tlirongs. Men expressed themselves in subdued tones, and often nothing would be heard but the indescribable murmur of ten thousand voices, modulated to a whisper, and the careful tread of countless feet on the damp pavement of the streets. It was the entire population of a great city in mourning, conscious of what was due alike to herself and the honored dead." . After having been exposed to view from four o'clock p. m., May 1, to eight p. m., May 2, the scene was closed by the Court House doors shutting out the AND THE KATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 105 throng that was still pouring in. At half-past eight the Court House was cleared of all except the guard and the choir. The coffin was then closed and borne upon the shoulders of the Sergeants of the Veteran Reserve Corps down the south steps to the funeral car. The Light Guard Band performed a requiem as the remains were being transferred. An immense proces- sion, bearing about three thousand torches, was already in line, to escort the remains to the depot. At a quar- ter before nine o'clock, it moved to the time of numer- ous bands of music. The route lay west on Washing- ton street to Market, south on Market to Madison, west on Madison, by the Madison street bridge, to Canal street, on the west side, thence south on Canal street to the depot of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad. While the preparations for starting were in progress, the choir continued to sing funeral dirges, and the twenty-five Sergeants of the the Veteran Re- serve Corps stood around the funeral car with drawn swords. At half-past nine o'clock, the funeral cortege moved slowly out of the depot to the strains of a fu- neral march by the band, while the bells of the city tolled a solemn farewell to all that was mortal of Abraham Lincoln. Some idea may be formed of the princely style of the reception and passage of the funeral cortege through Chicago, from the fact that the City Council paid bills for expenses incurred in erecting the funeral arch at Park Place, and decorating the Court House, to the amount of about fifteen thousand dollars. This was probably not more than a tithe of the total expendi- ture by citizens and asssociations. 106 THE GEEAT FUNERAL COETEGE, CHAPTER XIII. The remains had tarried so long at Chicago, while such extensive preparations were in progress at Springfield, it would not have been surprising if the people along the line had contented themselves with visiting one or the other of those places, and had omitted any demonstrations at the respective towns and cities along the route, but the love in the hearts of the people of Illinois for the memory of Abraham Lincoln would not permit them to be so easily satisfied. At Bridgeport, in the very suburbs of Chicago, the people had kindled bonfires, and with torches lighted the way as the train moved slowly along. Crowds of spectators were at Summit and Willow Springs stations, and at the town of Lemont. Lockport, 11:33 p. m., Tuesday, May 2. An im- mense bonfire was burning, minute guns firing, and the track lined with people holding torches. The glare of light revealed the mourning drapery on almost every building, and many mottoes expressive of the feelings of the people. None elicited more sympathetic feeling than the simple words, " Come Home," Joliet. It was midnight and raining. At least twelve thousand people Avere assembled at the depot. Bonfires lighted up the scene, and the cortege was greeted by minute guns, tolling of bells, and funeral dirges by a band of music. An immense arch spanned AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 107 the track, decked with flags, evergreens and the insignia of mourning. The arch was surmounted by a figure representing the Genius of America, weeping. Among the mottoes, tlie most impressive was, "Champion, defeuder aud martyr of liberty." As the train moved away, a number of ladies and gentlemen, on an elevated platform, were singing, " Tliere is xest for thee iii heaven." At Elwood and Hampton — both very small places — the people had kindled large bonfires to enable them to take a passing view of the funeral ti*ain. "Wilmington, one o'clock, a. m., Wednesday, May 3. Minute guns announced the arrival of the train, and a line of men with torches was drawn up on each side of the track. The depot was draped in mourning and about two thousand people were present to view the grand funeral cortege. At Gardner all the houses to be seen were draped in mourning and illuminated, while crowds of people were at the depot. Dwight, two o'clock, a. m'.. May 3. Minute guns and the tolling of bells announced the arrival of the cortege. The American flag was displayed, and all the buildings in view were draped in mourning. The entire population appeared to be out of doors de- sirous to pay their respects to the memory of Lincoln. Some of the escort recognized this as the place where the Pi'ince of Wales and his royal party were enter- tained. Minute guns, tolling of bells, bonfires, funeral dirges and the insignia of mourning made up the demon- strations at Odell, Cayuga, Pontiac, Chenoa and Lex- ington. Towanda, 4:30 a. m., May 3. A large assemblage of people were at the depot anxious to testify their sor- row and respect for the distinguished martyr. This is the highest point between Chicago and St. Louis, being 108 one hundred and twenty-eight feet above the water of Lake Michigan. Bloomington, five o'clock, a. m., May 3. A large arch over the track bears the inscription, " Go to thy Rest." The depot was handsomely draped in mourn- ing, and about five thousand persons were assembled to testify their respect for the distinguished statesman. There would, no doubt, have been greater demonstra- tions at Bloomington, but a considerable number of the citizens visited Chicago, and a very large delegation had already gone, or were then on the point of going to Springfield to participate in the procession and other demonstrations of respect and mourning. At Shirley, a large number of people were present, with sad countenances, to view the imposing funeral cortege as it glided by. At McLean, minute guns, tolling bells, and singing by a choir of ladies contributed with mournful effect to the occasion, which called out almost the entire population. Atlanta, six o'clock, a. m., May 3. Minute guns and the fife and muffled drum greeted the funeral cortege at this place, just as the sun arose in splendor over the beautiful prairies. A large number of people had as- sembled, and portraits of Abraham Lincoln with em- blems of mourning were everywhere visible. Among the mottoes were, " MounifuU}', tenderly, bear liim to his grave." ' He saved our country and freed a race." Lincoln, 111., 7 a. m., May 3. This town was named fot Abraham Lincoln, by some personal friends before he was known to fame. The depot was appro- priately draped in mourning, and ladies dressed in white, trimmed with black, sang a requiem as the train passed under a handsomely constructed arch, on each AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 109 column of which was a portrait of the deceased Presi- dent. The arch bore as a motto : "With malice to none, with cliarity for all." The national colors were prominently displayed, and a profusion of evergreens, with black and white drapings, completed the artistic decorations. At Elkhart, a beautiful arch spanned the track, orna- mented with evergreens and national flags, all draped in mourning. The arch was surmounted by a cross formed of evergreens and bearing the motto : " Ours the cross, thine the crown.'' At Williarasville, the houses were nearly all draped in mourning, with a profuse display of small flags and portraits of the late President. An arch spanned the track here, also, which bore the inscription : "He has fnlfillecl his mission." Springfield, 111., 9 a. m., Wednesday, May 3, 1865. The train arrived one hour later than schedule time, so little did it deviate from the time table arranged be- fore leaving Washington twelve days previous. The trains on all the roads for the twenty- four hours before the expected arrival of the funeral cortege, brought in passengers by thousands. The greatest anxiety was manifested by the people to be present at the reception of the remains of Abraham Lincoln. Long previous to the time appointed for their arrival, crowds were col- lected at the depot of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, and extended along the line of the road several squares north. Every building in the vicinity was covered with spectators. Hundreds of men who could not find standing or sitting room near the depot, walked up Fourth and Fifth streets to the crossing near the northern limits of the city. Every class of people was 110 THE GREAT FUNERAL COETEGE, represented in the assembled multitude. Minute guns were fired by a section of Battery K, Second Missouri Light Artillery. A few minutes before nine o'clock, the pilot engine made its appearance. The ten minutes between its arrival and that of the funeral train, were occupied by Gen. Cook in bringing to their proper pla- ces the committee of reception, members of the several delegations, the military and the civic societies. As soon as the funeral car came along side of the depot, the coffin was transferred to the beautiful hearse which had been tendered for the occasion by Messrs. Lynch & Arnot, of St. Louis, through mayor Thomas of that city, and accepted by mayor Dennis of Spring- field. The hearse was built in Philadelphia, at a cost of about six thousand dollars, and was larger and longer than the ordinary size. It had been used at the funeral of the Hon. Thomas H. Benton. After the offer was accepted, the proprietors had it additionally ornamented with a silver plate engraving of the initials "A. L." around which was a silver wreath, with two inverted torches and thirty-six silver stars, representing the States of the Union. It was drawn by six superb black hor- ses, draped in mourning, and wearing plumes on their crests. The horses belonged to Messrs. Lynch & Arnot also, and were driven on this occasion by Mr. A. Arnot, without the aid of grooms. The procession moved in the folloAving order : Brig. Gen. Jolui Cook and staff. Tlie 146th regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Col. H. H. Deane ; one company of the 46tli regiment of Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, Capt. Chase, and Company E. Veteran Reserve Corps, under Lieut. Cornelius. The above organizations were acting as a military funeral escort. Band. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and staff. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. Ill PALL BEAnEBS. PALL BEAKERS. Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Erastus Wright, Esq. Hon. S. T. Logan, y Jacob Bunn, Esq. Hon. W. F. Elkin, > Clias. W. Matheny, Esq. Hon. Gustavus Koerner, » Capt. James N. Brown, Hon. S. H. Treat, -^ Col. John Williams, James L. Lamb, Esq. Dr. Gershom Jayne. Guard of Honor. Composed of the same general officers who were appointed by the Secretary of War to accompany the remains to Springfield. Also, the Commissary of Subsistence, Emhalmer and Undertaker. Relatives and family friends. Among the latter were the Rev. Dr. P. D. Giirley, Pastor of the deceased, and Judge David Davis of the U. S. Supreme Court. Illinois Delegation, named in another place. Congressional Committee, or Delegation, named in another place. Gentlemen from Washington, D. C. Hon. Richard Wallacli, Mayor, and Col. Ward H. Lamon, V. S. Marshal for the District of Columbia. [It is worthy of remark here, that three of the men who left Spriugfield with Mr. Lincoln, February 11, 1861, returned with his remains, viz. : Major General David Hunter, Judge David Davis and Col. Ward H. Lamon.] Members of the Illinois State Legislature. Governors of the diflerent States. Delegation from Kentucky. Chicago Committee of one hundred. Springfield Committee of Reception. Judges of the several Courts. The Reverend Clergy. Officers of the Army and Navy then in service or honorably dis- charged. Civic Societies. Citizens generally. The procession moved from the depot east on Jeffer- son street to Fifth, south on Fifth to Monroe, east on 112 THE GEE AT FUNERAL CORTEGE, INIonroe to Sixth, north on Sixth to the State House Square, entering through the east gate, and by the north door of the State House to Eepresentatives' Hall, in the west end of the building, second story, where the cof- fin was placed on a dais, within a magnificent catafalque prepared for the occasion. A few minutes after ten o'clock all being in readi- ness, the doors were opened and the vast multitude be- gan to file through the hall to view the remains. They entered the Capitol at the north door, ascended the stairway in the rotunda and entered Representatives' Hall at the north door, passed by the catafalque, out at the south door, then down the stairway and made their exit from the Capitol at the south side. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 113 CHAPTER XIV. "We will turn our attention for a time from the crowds of people, and view the preparations for this reception. For ten days a large number of men and women worked almost night and day in decorating the State House. The whole building was draped in mourning on the exterior ; and the rotunda and Representatives' Hall on the interior, and the entrance to the Governor's room, the rooms of the Secretary of State, Auditor of State and Superintendent of Public Instruction. Part of the time there were one hundred and fifty persons at work. The ladies of Springfield bore their full share in these arduous labors. I have been furnished with the fol- lowing figures by a prominent citizen of this city, who prepared some of the designs for decorations. I shall not attempt a description of the ornamental work, but will give a few facts by which some idea of their gor- geous beauty may be conveyed. About fifteen hund- red yards of black and white goods were used in the decorations, exclusive of the catafalque. In its con- struction and decoration, black cloth, black velvet, black, blue and white silk and crape, with silver stars and silver lace and fringe, were used in the greatest profusion. The canopy of the catafalque was made of velvet, festooned with satin and silver fringe. It was lined on the under side with blue silk, studded with silver stars. Three hundred yards of velvet and mourn- ing goods, and three hundred yards of silver lace and fringe, besides a vast quantity of other materials, were used in its construction. Each of the six columns was surmounted with a rich plume. 8 114 THE GREAT FUNEEAL COETEGE, Evergreens and flowers interwoven with crape, hung in festoons from capitals, columns and cornices in all parts of the building. Two hundred vases of natural flowers ill full bloom, emitted their fragrance through- out the edifice. Nearly all of them were furnished free of cost by ]Michael Doyle, horticulturist, of Springfield. Mottoes and inscriptions were displayed at various places about the hall, but I can only give place to two of them : "■Washington the Patlier, Lincoln the Saviour." "Rather than surrender that principle I would be assassinated on this spot." The Governor's mansion, the old Lincoln residence, the military headquarters of Gen. Cook and Gen. Oakes, were decorated, externally, similar to the State House. Of the twenty thousand dollars appropriated by the City Council of Springfield, to be expended in prepa- rations for the funeral, less than fifteen thousand were used. Part of it was expended in building the tempo- rary vault on the new State House grounds, paying railroad charges on some carriages from Jacksonville, the hearse from St. Louis, and the expenses of musi- cians and the orator ; but much the largest portion of the whole amount was laid out in decorating the build- ings above named. This, however, was only a small part of the money thus expended, for the whole city was draped in mourning, business houses, private resi- dences and all, and in many instances they were as richly decorated as the public buildings. It was well known that the hotels could not accom- modate a tithe of the strangers who would be in attend- ance, and private families who could do so, made prepa- rations and invited to their houses such as could not otherwise be provided for. The six organizations of Free Masons in Springfield, viz. : four lodges, one AND THE N'ATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 115 chapter and one commandery, made equal appropria- tions from their several treasuries, procured one of the largest halls in the city, filled it with tables, and kept them supplied with well cooked food prepared by the families of their members. This dining hall was in- tended to be free to masons only who should be in attendance, but many others partook of their bounty also. As for sleeping, there was not much of that done in Springfield on the night the remains of Abrah-ani Lincoln were exposed to view. Strangers who were in the city on this occasion for the first time, almost invariably visited the former resi- dence of Abraham Lincoln, at the north east corner of Eighth and Jackson streets. As already stated, it was elaborately and tastefully decorated with the national colors and the insignia of sorrow. The committee of escort from Chicago, numbering one hundred — although business engagements prevented part of their number visiting Springfield — assembled near the residence and had their photographs taken in a group, in connection with the house, to be preserved as a memorial of their mournful visit. The photograph was by an artist from Chicago, who accompanied the escort to Springfield for the purpose of taking views of the State House, the closing scenes at Oak Ridge, and other objects of in- terest. From the time the coffin was opened, at ten o'clock on the morning of May third, there was no cessation of visitors. All through the still hours of the night, no human voices were heard except in subdued tones ; but the tramp, tramp, of busy feet, as men and women filed through the State House, up one flight of stairs, Birough the hall, and down another stairway, testified the love and veneration for Abraham Lincoln in the hearts of his old friends and neighbors. While the closing scenes were being enacted, a choir of two hundred and fifty singers, accompanied by Lebrun's Washington band, of twenty performers, from St. Louis, assembled 116 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, on the steps of the Capitol, and, under the direction of Professor Meissner, sang " Peace, troubled soul." The coffin was closed at ten o'clock on the morning of May 4th, and while it was being conveyed to the hearse the choir sang Pleyel's Hymn : " Childreu of the Heavenly King.'' The funeral procession was then formed in the fol- lowing order, under the immediate direction of Major General Joseph Hooker, Marshal-in-Chief : Brig. Geu. Jolm Cook and staff. Brig. Gen. James Oakes and staff. Military. Funeral Escort. First Division. Col. C. M. Preyost, 16th Reg. V. R. C, Mar- shal. Aids : Lieut. Thomas B. Beach, A. A. A. Gen. ; Maj. Hor- ace Holt, 1st Mass. Heavy Artillery ; Capt. J. C. Rennison, 15th N. Y. Cavalry ; Capt. E. C. Raymond, 124tli 111. Inf. ; Capt. Eddy, 95th III. Inf ; Lieut. H. N. Schlick, 1st N. Y. Dragoons. This division consisted entirely of Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery. Second Division. Maj. F. Bridgman, Pay Department, U. S. Army, Marshal. Aids : Maj. R. W. McClaughry and Maj. W. W. "White. This division was composed of officers and enlisted men of the Army and Navy, not otherwise assigned, officers in uniform and side arms. • Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand was the chief marshal of the civic department of the procession. Aids: Lieut. Col. Schwartz, Capt. Henry Jayne, Capt. R. Rudolph, Capt. Benjamin Ferguson, H9n. Charles Keys, "W. M. Springer, E. E. Myers, Ed. L. Merritt, N. Higgins. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 117 The command of Gen. McClernand commenced with the Thi/rd Division. Col. Dudley 'WickersUam, of the 1st Army Corps, Marshal. Aids : Joshua Rogers, Isaac A. Hawley, W. F. Kimber, J. B. Perkins. Marshals of Sections^Col. W. S. Barnum, Capt. A. J. Allen, Col. a ISr. Hitt, Clinton L. Coukling, Robert P. Officer, W. Smith and Capt. T. G. Barnes. Orator of the Day and Officiating Clergymen — Rev. Dr. Simp- son, Bishop of the M. E. Church and Orator of the Day ; Rev. Dr. Gurley ; Rev. Dr. N. W. Miner ; Rev. Dr. Harkey ; Rev. Albert Hale ; Rev. A. C. Hubbard, and others. Surgeons and Physicians of the Deceased. PALL BBARBRS. PALL BEARERS. Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Erastus Wright, Esq. Hon. S. T. Logan, t=J Hon. J. N. Brown, Hon. Gustavus Koerner, ^ Jacob Bunn, Esq. James L. Lamb, Esq. gg C. W. Matheny, Esq. Hon. S. H. Treat, " Elijah lies, Esq. Col. John Williams, Hon. John T. Stuart. "Old Bob.'' or "Robin," the old horse formerly ridden by Abraham Lincoln in his political campaigns and law practice, off the lines of railroad. He was about sixteen years old, and was led by two colored grooms. Guard of Honor, in carriages, as follows : Brevet Brig. Gen. E. D. Townsend ; Brevet Brig. Gen. Charles Thomas ; Brig. Gen. A. B. Eaton; Brevet Maj. Gen. J. G. Barnard; Brig. Gen. G. D. Ramsay ; Brig. Gen. A. P. Howe ; Brevet Brig. Gen. D. C. Mc- Callum; Maj. Gen. D. Hunter; Brig. Gen. J. C. Caldwell; Brig. Gen. Elkiu: Rear Admiral C. H. Davis; Capt. W. R. Taylor, U. S. Navy; Maj. T. H. Field, U. S. Marine Corps. Relatives and Family Friends, in Carriages. Fourth Division. Col. Speed Butler, Marshal. Aids: Maj. Robert Align, Capt. Louis Rosette and Capt. Albert Williams. Marshals of Sections— William Bennett, H. W. lyes, Philip C. Latham, William V. Roll, K. H. Richardson, J. E. AVilliams and J. D. Crabb. 118 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Cougressioual Coiimiitte or Delegation. Senate — Hon. Messrs. James "W. Nye of Nevada, George H. Wil- liams of Oregon, Henry S. Lane of Indiana, John B. Henderson ■ of Missouri, Lyman Trumbull and Eicliard Yates of Illinois, Howe and Doolittle of Wisconsin, Foote of Vermont, Chandler of Michigan, and George T. Brown, Sergeaut-at-arms of the U. S. Senate. House of Bepresentatives — Hon. Sell uyler Colfax, Speaker; Hon. Messrs. Pike of Maine, Rollins of New Hampshire, Baxter of Connecticut, Harris of New York, Cowan of PenusylTauia, Farns- wortli, Washburn, Cook, Norton and Arnold, of Illinois, Moreliead and Bailey of Pennsylvania, Sloan of Wisconsin, Wilson of Iowa, Farquhar of Indiana, Clarke of Kansas, Shannon of California, Phelps of Maryland, Hooper of Massachusetts, Ferry of Michi- gan, Newell of New Jersey, Whaley of West Virginia, Schenck of Oliio, Smith of Kentucky, Ramsay of Minnesota, Hitchcock of Nebraska, and S. G. Ordway, Sergeant-at-arms of the U. S. House of Representatives. Territorial Representatives — Hon. Messrs. Bradford, of Colorado, and Weed, of Dacotah. A portion of those who are named among the Con- gressional Delegation did not attend, but of those Avho were certainl}- with the funeral cortege from the begin- ning to the end of the journey, were the Hon. Messrs. Williams, of Oregon, Nye, of Nevada, Washburn, of Illinois, Morehead, of Pennsylvania, Hooper, of Massa- chusetts, and Schenck, of Ohio. Some of the Mem- bers of Congress from Illinois were in the Illinois Delegation. Governor R. J. Oglesby, Hous. Jesse K. Dubois, Shelby M. Culhmi and D. L. Phillips, Adjt. Gen. Isham N. Haynie, Col. J. H. Bowen, W. H. Hanna, E. F. Leonard, Dr. S. H. Melvin, Hon. O. M. Hatch, Col. John Williams. Governors of States with their suites, and Governors of Terri- tories: Oglesby, of Illinois; Bramlette, of Kentucky ; Morton, of Indiana; Fletcher, of Missouri: Stone, of Iowa; Pickering, of Washington Territory, and Wallace, of Idaho Territory. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 119 Members of the Illinois Legislature. Kentucky Delegation. Chicago Committee of Reception and Escort. Fifth Division. PIoii. George L. Huntington, Marshal. Aids: Dr. S. Babcock, George Shepherd, Charles Ridgley, George Latham, Moses B. Condell. This division was comj)Osed of the municipal authori- ties of Springfield, and other cities. Sixth Division. Hon. W. H. Herndoii, Marshal. Aids: P. P Euos, C. S. Zaue, Dr. T. W. Dresser, John T. Jones, William G. Cochrane, James Rayborne, Charles Vincent, Edward Beach, John Peters, C. W. Reardon, R. C. Huskey. Marshals of Sections — Thomas Lyon, B. T. Hill, George Birge, Henry Yeakel, Jacob Halfen, Sweet, Dewitt 0. Hartwell, Hamilton Haney, Fred. B. Smith. The sixth division was composed of Christian, Sani- tary and other kindred Commissions, Aid Societies, etc. and delegations from Universities, Colleges and other institutions of learning. Reverend Clerg}', not officiating for the day. Members of the Legal Profession. Members of the Medical Profession. Representatives of the Press. Seventh Division. Hon. Harmon G. Reynolds, Marshal. Aids: George R. Teasdale, John A. Hughes, James Smith, P. Fitzpat- rick, Henry Shuck and Thomas O'Conner. Marshals of sections — Capt. Charles Fisher, Frank W. Tracy, M. Conner, Frederick Smith, M. Armstrong, Richard Young. This division was composed of the various bodies of Free Masons, Odd Fellows and other kindred fraterni- ties, and the Firemen. Eighth Division. Hon. John W. Smith, Marshal. Aids : Capt- Isaac Keys, S. H. Jones, Hon. John W. Priest, O. A. Abel, Maj. H. N. Alden, Wm. P. Crafton, G. A. Kimber, John "W. Poorman, Henry. Ridgley, J. H. Crow, John "W. Davis, Presco Wright, N. 120 THE GEEAT FUNEEAL CORTEGE, V. Hunt, George Dalby, Alfred A. Nortli, Hou. J. S. Bradford, Samuel P. Townsend. This division was composedof citizens generally, and all who had not been assigned to some other place in the procession, bringing up the rear with the colored people. The procession thus formed received the corpse at the north gate of the State House square, and moved east on Washington street to Eighth, south on Eighth — passing the Lincoln residence at the corner of Jack- son and Eighth — to Cook, west on Cook to Fourth, north on Fourth, passing between the Governor's man- sion — then the home of Governor Oglesby — and the fine residence of ex-Governor Matteson, to Union, west on Union to Third, north on Third to the eastern en- trance to Oak Ridge Cemetery, one and a half miles from the State House. On arriving at the cemetery, the remains were placed in the receiving tomb. The choir then sang the Dead March in Saul : " ITuvell thy bosom, faithful tomb, Take this uew treasure to tliy trust," etc. Rev. Albert Hale, Pastor of the Second Presbyterian CTiurch, of Springfield, then offered a fervent and ap- propriate prayer, after which the choir sang a dirge composed for the occasion by L. W. Dawes, music by George F. Root : " Farewell, Father, Frieud and Gruardian." A portion of scripture wa^ then read by Rev. N. W. Miner, and the ehoir sang " To Thee, O, Lord, I yield my spirit." President Lincoln's Inaugural Address of March 4, 1865, was then read by Rev. A. C. Hubbard. A dirge was performed by the choir, and then followed the Funeral Oration by Rev. Dr. Simpson, Bishop of the AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 121 Methodist Episcopal Church. It was a review of the life of Abraham Lincoln, more particularly that part from the time he l^ft Springfield, Feb. 11, 1861, until his death. In drawing the contrast between his depart-, ure and return, the Bishop said : "Such a scene as his return to j'ou-was ncverkuovvii among the events of history. There was one for the Patriarcli Jacob which come up from Egypt, and the Egyptians wouclerecl at the eviilences of reverence and filial affection ■wliich came up from the hearts of the Israelites. There was mourning when Moses fell upon the heights of Pisgah, and was hid from human view. There has been mourning in the kingdoms of the earth when kings and princes have fallen, but never was there in the history of man such mourning as that which accompanied this funeral procession. "Far more eyes have gazed upon the face of the departed than ever looked upon the face of any other departed man. More eyes have looked upon the procession for sixteen hundred miles and more, by night and by day, by sunlight, dawn, twiliglil, and by torchlight, than ever before watched the progress of a procession." In illustration of the universal feeling of sorrow, (the 'orator said : ." Nor is this mourning confined to any one class, or to any dist- rict or country. Men of all political parties and of all religious creeds, have united in paying this mournful tribute. The arch- bishop of the Roman Catholic Church in New York and a Prot- estant minister walked side by side in the sad procession. A Jew- ish Rabbi performed part of the solemn services. /' " But the great cause of this mourning is found in the man him- self. Mr. Lincoln was no ordinary ma'n ; and I believe the cou- viBtion has been growing on the nation's. mind, as it certainly has been on mine, especially in the last years of his administration, that by the hand of God he was especially singled out to guide our government in these troubled times. And it seems to me that the hand of God may be traced in many of the events connected with his history. "1 recognize this in his physical education, which prepared him for enduring lierculean labors. In the toils of his boyhood and 122 THE GEEAT FUXEEAL CORTEGE, the labors of liis manhood, God was giving him an iron frame. Next to this was his identification with tlie iieart of the great people, understanding their feelings because he was one of them, and connected with them in their movements and life. His edu- cation was simple. A few montlis spent in the school house gave him the elements of an education. He read Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, JEsop's Tables and the life of "Washington, whicli were his favorites. In these we recognize the marks which gave the bias to his character, and which partly moulded his style. His early life, with its varied struggles, joined him indissolulily to the working masses, and no elevationinsociety diminished his respect for the sons of toil. He knew what it was to fell the tall trees of the forest, and to stem the current of the broad Mississippi. His home was in tlie growing West — the heart of the Republic — and invigorated by the vviiids that swept over its prairies, he learned lessons of self reliance that sustained him in scenes of adversity. His genius was soon recognized, as true genius always will be, and he was placed in the legislature of his adopted State. Already acquainted with the principles of law, he devoted his thoughts to matters of public interest, and began to be looked upon as the 'coming statesman.' As early as 1839 he presented resolutions in the legislature asking for emancipation in the District of Columbia, while, with but rare exceptions, the whole popular mind of his State was opposed to the measure. From that hour he was a steady and uniform friend of humanity, and was preparing for the conflict of later years. "It was not, however, cliiefly by his mental faculties that he gained sucli control over mankind. His nnn'al power gave Irim pre-eminence. The convictions of men that Abraham Lincoln was an honest man, led them to yield to his guidance. As has been said of Cobden, whom he greatly resembled, he made all men feel a kind of sense of himself — a recognized individuality — a self relying power. Tliey saw in him n, man whom they believed would do what was right, regardless of consequences. It was this moral feeling which gave him tlie greatest hold upon the people, and made his utterances almost oracular. " But the great act of the mighty chieftain, on which his power shall rest long after his frame shall moulder away, is giving free- dom to a race. "We have all been taught to revere the sacred AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 123 scriptures. Wc have tliouglit of Moses; of his power, and the prominence he gave to the moral law ; how it lasts, and how his name towers high among the names in heaven, and how he deliv- ered those millions of liis kindred out of bondage. And yet we may assert that Abraham Lincoln, by his proclamation, liberated more enslaved people than ever Moses set free — and those not of his kindred. God has seldom given such power or such an oppor- tunity to man. When other events shall have been forgotten; when this world shall have become a network of republics; when every throne shall be swept from the face of the earth; when lit- erature shall enlighten all minds; when the claims of humanity shall be recognized everywhere, this act shall still be conspicuous on the pages of history. And we are tliankful tliat God gave to Abraham Lincoln the decision and wisdom and grase to issue that proclamation, which stands high above all other papers which have been penned by uninspired men. "Look over all his speeches — listen to his utterances — he never spoke unkindly of any man. Even the rebels received no words of anger from Iiim, and the last day of his life illustrated, in a re- markable manner, liis forgiving disposition. A dispatch was received that afternoon that Thompson and Tucker were trying to escape through Maine, and it was proposed to arrest them. Mr. Lincoln, however, preferred to let them quietly escape. He was seeking to save the very men who had been plotting his de- struction ; and this morning we read a proclamation oflering $35,000 for the arrest of these men as aiders and abettors of his assassination ; so that, in his expiring acts, he was saying, 'Father fcu'givo them, they know not wliat they do.' As a ruler, I doubt if any president ever showed such trust in God, or, in public documents, so frequently referred to Divine aid. Often did he remark to friends and delegations that his hope for our success rested in his- conviction that God would bless our efforts because we were trying to do light. To the address of a large religious body he replied, 'Thanks be unto God who, in our national trials, givetli us the churches.' To a minister who said he 'hoped the Lord was on our side,' he replied that it 'gave him no concern whether the Lord was on our side or not,' and then added, ' for I know the Lord is always, on the side of right,' and with deep feel- ing continued: 'But God is my witness that it is my constant 124 THE GKEAT FUNERAL COETEGE, anxiety and prayer that both myself and this nation sliould be ou the Lord's side.' " After the oration or eulogy, a requiem was per- formed by the choir, a prayer offered by the Rev. Dr. Harkey, followed by the singing of " Peace, troubled soul." Rev. Dr. P. D. Gurley then arose, made a few remarks and the closing prayer, after which the following funeral hymn, composed by him for the. occasion, was sung : Rest, noble martyr! rest in peace; Rest with the true and brave Who, like thee, fell in freedom's cause, The nation's life.to save. Thy name sliall live while time endures. And men shall say of thee. He saved his country from its foes, And bade the slave be free. These deeds shall be thy monument, Better tlian brass or stone ; They leave thy fame in glory's light Unrivaled and alone. This consecrated spot shall be To freedom ever dear ; And freedom's sous of every i'ace Shall weep and worship here. O, God, before whom we, in tears, Our fallen chief deplore, Grant that the cause for which he died, May live forever more. The services closed by the choir singing the doxology, and the benediction by Dr. Gurley, when the vast mul- titude melted away and sought the railroad depots, from AND THE NATIONAL.- LINCOLN MONUMENT. 125 which the trains bore them to their homes in all parts of the nation — east, west, north and south. Thus ended the most grand and sublime funeral pageant the world ever saw. The injunction so often repeated on the way — " Bear him gently to his rest " — was reverently obeyed, and Mr. Lincoln's own words, " The heart of the nalioii throbs heavily fit the portals of the tomb," were realized with a force of which he little thought at the time they were spoken. In the largest number of places where the escort stopped to give an opportunity for public honors, the local authorities provided guards to relieve the Guard of Honor detailed by the Secretary of War, but in no instance did they all leave the remains. They were acting under orders to guard the body of Abraham Lin- coln until it should be deposited in its final resting place at Springfield, Illinois, and during all the jour- ney there was not a moment but one or more of these veteran officers, with bronzed visages and gray hairs, could be seen near the body. According to the special order issued from the War Department, April 18, 1865, all arrangements by State or municipal authorities for doing honor to the remains, were to be under the direction of the military com- mander of the division, depalftment or district in which the proposed demonstrations were to take place. In order to see that the provisions of this order were car- ried out, Major General Cadwallader, commander of the department of Pennsylvania, joined the cortege at the State line between Maryland and Pennsylvania. He continued with the funeral party until it reached Jersey City, when he was relieved bv Major General John A. Dix, commander of the department of New York. Gen. Dix traveled with the cortege through New York and across the northern end of Pennsylva- nia. Major General Joseph Hooker, commander of the 126 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, department of the Ohio, relieved Gen. Dix at Wick- liffe, Ohio. General Hooker continued with the funeral cortege until the closing ceremonies at Springfield, Illinois. I have omitted to mention the estimates given in tlie papers of the numbers who viewed the remains at dif- ferent points ; but summing them all up at the close, I feel justified in saying that more than one million men and loomen must have looked upon the dead face of Abraham Lincoln ;an event which has no parallel in the history of the world. In the course of the entire journey, there can not be a line or even a word found on record, urging the peo- ple to turn out in honor of the deceased. The assem- bling of such multitudes was, in all cases, spontaneous. Day and night, cold or warm, rain or shine, for twelve long days and nights, it was only necessary for the people to know the time the cortege was expected to arrive at any given point, to bring them together in great numbers. The annexed table will exhibit the distance traveled by the funeral train that bore the remains of Abraham Lincoln from Washington city to Springfield, Illinois. The distance is also given between the different points at wliich the remains were taken from the train, in compliance with the desire of the people to do honor to the memory of the m£trtyred President : MJI.ES. From Wasliiiigton to Baltimore 40 " Baltimore via York to Harrisl)nrg 84 " Harrisburg to Philadelphia 107 " Philadelphia CTd Treutoii to New York 87 " New York to Albany 142 " Albany via Schuectady,Utica, Syracuse, Rochester and Batavia to Buffalo 296 '' Buffalo Bj'a Dunkirk aud Erie to Clevelaud 183 " Cleveland TOO Crestline and Delaware to Columbus. . 138 AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 127 MILES. From Columbus ma Urbana, Piqua, Greenville, Riclimoud aud Knightstowu to Indiauapolis 188 " Indianapolis via Lafayette and Michigan City to Chi- cago 213 " Chicago ma Joliet, Cheuoa and Bloomington to Spring- field 185 Total , 1663 It is but natural to expect that the very best that could be written would appear in those papers of Mr. Lincoln's own way of thinking in politics, and I have not thought it expedient to occupy much space with extracts from them ; but some of the finest articles appeared in papers that had always been opposed to him politically. In order to illustrate the feelings of men who did all they could to defeat his election, had always been opposed to his policy of administering the government, and yet were on terms of personal friend- ship with him, I give a few extracts from the Spring- field Daily Register. It is an evening paper, and in its issue of April 15, 1865, after relating the news of the assassination, proceeds to say : " Just in the hour when the crowning triumph of his life awaited liim ; when the result for which he had labored and prayed for four years witli incessant toil, stood almost accomplished; when he could' begin clearly to see the promised land of his longings — the restored Union — even as Moses, from the top of Pisgah, looked forth upon the Canaan he had for forty years been striving to attain, the assassin's hand at once puts a rude period to his life and to his hopes. As Moses of old, who had led God's people through the gloom and danger of the wilderness, died when on the eve of realizing all that his hopes had pictured, sO Lincoln is cut off just as the white wing of peace begins to reflect its silvery radiance over the red billows of war. It is hard for a great man to die, hut doubly cruel that he should be cut off after such a ca- reer as that of him w,e mourn to-day. i 128 THE GREAT FUNEEAL COETEGE, "Under tlie frown of the death angel, all evil passions and all party strife disappears. It is the President of the United States that is suddenly cut down ; it is the whole people of the nation who are now bereaved. We forget the points of difference of the four years past, and think only of Abraham Lincoln, the kindly and indulgent man, beloved of his neighbors, and of the chief magistrate who has honestly followed the path that seemed to him best for the welfare of the people. "We seek in vain the mo- tives which actuated the perpetration of this hideous crime. If a rebel, where will rebels look for a man who will judge them with more lenienc}', whose treatment will be more kindly, or who will receive them with a more catholic and forgiving spirit? What living brain so thoroughly comprehends the present state of affairs, and is so well prepared for future exigencies as that which the bul- let of the murderer has forever stilled ?***«* " The effect of this terrible blow can not now be estimated. Just wheu the nation seemed about to emerge from the gloom and dis- order which for four dreadful years — on the very anniversary of the day which commenced the civil war, we are suddenly plunged into chaos again. We need not inquire whether another hand may at once be found to grasp the helm and steer the ship of State steadily and safely through the dangers that again thicken about her prow; we all know that to no eye save his was the chart he had mapped out in his own mind so clear, to no hands, however tried and skillful, can the management of our national vessel be thus suddenly entrusted with uudoubting confidence. Lincoln had piloted her through the fiercest fury of the storm ; no new pilot can now guide the ark of our hopes so clearly, even through the smooth waters of approaching peace. " No national calamity so serious as his death could have befallen us. The bitterest and most radical opponent of his administration can not fail to recognize, in the mere political bearing of the event, the terrible solemnity of the blow we have received. While we mourn the loss of the genial and kindly neighbor we knew so well, and mingle our tears aud sympathies with those of his be- reaved family, we all feel alike keenly the fresh perils to which the nation is subjected. But tears aud regrets are alike unavail- ing, and the crushing sense of this great sorrow is all we can now ■ distinctly feel. We realize that the great Douglas has now a com- AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 129 paiiion in immortality, and tliat wlaen tlie roll of statesmen whose genius has left its impress upon the destiny of the country shall be complete, no names will staiul higher, or shine with purer lus- tre, than the two which blaze upon the escutcheon of Illinois. * * " The immediate effect of this appalling calamity upon the coun- try is sufficiently evident from the feeling in this city. Like a family whose head has been suddenly stricken down, the people of the Union are knit together by their common bereavement, and past discord and diflferences are instantly forgotten in the presence of this great sorrow. There is nothing that so smoothes down the asperities of our nature— nothing that so quickly oblit- erates the petty strife and ill feelings that are so often engendered among men as the grief occasioned by a great calamity such as this." The Register of April 18, says : " History has recorded no such scene of bloody terror. The murder of monarchs has been written. Csesar was slain in the Senate Chamber; Gustavus was butchered in the ball room; but these were usurpers and tyrants, not the chosen heads of a people, empowered to select their rulers. And, O horrible! that he should liave been assassinated when his best efforts to tranquilize the fears and fury of his people were so nearly realized. "We are dumb with sorrow. "As is known, President Lincoln was not our first choice ; but we have watched his recent course and are convinced that his en- ergies were given to restore peace to the country and union to the nation. This beneficent conduct towai-d the South assures us that the southern people had no better friend in the north than the la- mented Lincoln. 130 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, CHAPTEE XV. It will be remembered that, on the twenty-fourth day of April, a public meeting was held in Springfield, at which a committee was chosen to make arrange- ments for the sepulture of the remains of President Lincoln. It will also be borne in mind that the com- mittee resolved itself into a National Lincoln Monu- ment Association. A conditional contract had been made for a plat of ground on which to erect a monument, and the work of constructing a temporary vault, at the expense of the city, had been commenced. It was designed to be a resting place for the remains until the monument could be erected. By the men working night and day, (Fig. 1.) VAULT ON THE NEW STATE HOIISK &KOUNDS. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 131 through sunshine and rain, it was ready for use at the appointed time, although the work was not quite com- pleted on the outside. It was ascertained, on the morning of the fourth, that Mrs. Lincoln objected to the body of her husband being placed, even tempo- rarily, in the new vault, on account of the location of the grounds selected. She having expressed her preference for Oak Ridge Cemetery, it was in com- pliance with her wishes that the remains were taken (Fig. 2.) PUBLIC VAULT AT OAK EIDGE. there and deposited in the public receiving vault of the cemetery. The new vault was on the grounds that have since been purchased and donated by the city of Springfield to the State of Illinois, upon which the State is now erecting a Capitol, at an ex- pense of three and a half millions of dollars. The vault stood about fifty yards north of the new State House. A cenotaph should, and doubtless will, be 132 THE GEEAT FUNEEAL COETEGE, erected on the spot, after the edifice is completed and the grounds put in proper order. Figure No. 1 was engraved from a drawing of the vault, preserved by T. J. Dennis, who was at the time Mayor of the city. For several weeks after the remains were deposited in the public vault of the cemetery, ropes were ex- tended in front of it, and a guard of soldiers kept there day and night. This was done more as a mark of honor and respect, than from any fear that his tomb would be desecrated. Figure No. 2 was engra-ved from a photograph taken during that time. Soon after the remains of Mr. Lincoln and Willie were deposited in this vault, the following entries were made in the register kept by the sexton of Oak Ridge Cemetery : DATE OF xntekm't. NAME. CAUSE 01- DEATH. PLACE OF BIKTH. REMARKS. May 4, 1865. May 4, 1865. Abraham Lincoln. WHlie Lincoln. Assassinated. Kentucky. Springf'ld, 111. Receiving Tomb. Removed from Wasli- ington,D.C. Receiving- Tomb. On the ninth of May, a call was sent out to all Sun- day schools, to take up collections the second Sabbath, and all public schools, the first Tuesday, in June. The Association was without legal authority until the eleventh of May, when it was established accord- ing to the laws of Illinois governing voluntary soci- eties, under the following ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION. We, Richard J. Oglesby, Sharon Tyndale, O. H. Miner, James H. Beveridge, Newton Bateman, .lohn T. Stuart, Samuel H. Treat, Jesse K. Dubois, O. M. Hatch, James C. Conlcling, Thomas J. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 133 Dennis, John Williams, Jacob Bunn, S. H. Melviu and David L. Phillips, all being of full age, and citizens of the United States, and of the State of Illinois, certify that we do hereby associate our- selves under and by virtue of an act of the General Assetnbly of the State of Illinois, entitled " An act for the incorporation of Benevolent, Educational, Literary, Musical, Scientific and Mis- sionary societies, including societies formed for mutual improve- ment, or for the promotion of the arts," approved February 24, 1859, by the following name, and for the purpose herein specified. ARTICLE I. This Association shall be called the "National Lincoln Monu- ment Association," and be located at Springfield, State of Illinois, and shall continue in existence for the term of twenty years. ABTICLK u. The object of this Association shall be to construct a Monu- ment to the memory of Abraham Lincoln, in the city of Spring- field, State of Illinois. , ARTICLE nx. The following persons shall be the Directors of the Association during the first year of its existence: Richard J. Oglesby, Sharon Tyndale, O. H. Miner, James H. Beveridge, Newton Bateman, John T. Stuart, Jesse K. Dubois, 0. M. Match, James C. Conk- ling, Thomas J. Dennis, John Williams, Jacob Buan, S. H. Melvin, Samuel H. Treat and David L. Phillips. In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this eleventh day of May, 1865. Richard J. Oglbsbt, [seal.] Sharon Tyndalb, Orlin H. Miner, [seal.] John T. Stuart, [seal.] Jksse K. Dubois, [seal.] James 0. Conkling, [seal.] John Williams, [seal.] Jacob Btjnn, [seal.] Newton Bateman, S. H. Treat, O. M. Hatch, S. H. Melvin, Jambs H. Beveridgb, [seal.] Thomas J. Denims, [seal.] [seal.] [seal.] [seal.] [seal.] [seal.] David L. Phillips, [seal.] These gentlemen were nearly all occupying high official positions at the time, or had previously been. The first five named in the preamble were, respectively, ■ 134 Governor, Secretary, Auditor, Treasurer and Superin- tendent of Public Instruction for the State of Illinois at the time. Mr. Stuart was the preceptor and first law partner of Abraham Lincoln, an ex-member of the U. S. House of Representatives, and is yet one of the leading lawyers of Central Illinois ; Mr. Treat has been for many years, and is yet, a Judge of the U. S. Court for Illinois ; Mr. Dubois is an ex-member of the State Legislature, ex-receiver of the U. S. Land Office, ex-Auditor of State, etc., etc. ; Mr. Hatch is an ex-Secretary of State, and a man of wealth and influ- ence ; Mr. Conkling is an ex-Mayor of Springfield, ex- member of the State Legislature, a leading lawyer, capitalist, and public spirited citizen ; Mr. Dennis ■was at the time Mayor of the city, and is one of the fore- most architects in the west; Mr. Williams and Mr. Bunn are, respectively, at the head of two among the oldest and most wealthy banking houses in the city ; Dr. Melvin is a j^rominent merchant, banker and rail- road man ; Mr. Phillips was then United States Mar- .shal for the Southern District of Illinois. All of them had long been On ternxs of personal friendship and in- timacy with Abraham Lincoln. On the day the Association took a legal form, the Board of Directors organized by electing Governor Richard J. Oglesby, President. Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Vice President. Clinton L. Conkling, Secretary. Hon. James H. Beveridge, Treasurer. A code of by laws was adojjted, agents appointed to collect funds, agricultural and horticultural societies called on to contribute, and the Treasurer directed to invest funds — which were already beginning to reach the treasury — in United States securities. Until June, it was the intention of the Association to erect the monument on the plat of ground where the first vault had been built, not doubting that Mrs. Lincoln would give her consent to that arrangement, on a deliberate AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 135 consideration of the subject. In a letter to the Asso- ciation, dated at Chicago, June fifth, Mrs. Lincoln still objected to that location. On the fourteenth day of the month, it was decided by a majority of one, in a full Board of Directors, to build the Monument in Oak Eidge Cemetery. Six acres of land were donated by the city of Springfield, and conveyed to the Asssocia- tion as a site for the Monument. Measures were at once taken to erect a temj)orary vault, near that belonging to the cemetery. The object in building a temporary vault, was that the remains might be deposited there until the Monu- ment could be completed, and thus vacate the public vault. The temporary vault was completed before wintei', and a notice given to Mrs. Lincoln, at Chi- cago, that the Association was ready to remove the body of her late husband ; that it would be done with- out public display, and asked her to name the time that it would be convenient for her to be present. She replied, saying that December 21, at three o'clock p. m., would suit her. A day or two previous to the time fixed for the removal, Mrs. Lincoln, with her son Rob- ert, came to Springfield, and visited the new tomb. She expressed herself well pleased with what had been done, but a sudden indisposition prevented her being present when the removal took place. la process of transferring the remains, the box containing the coffin was opened, in order that the features of the deceased might be seen, and six of his personal acquaintances filed a written statement with the Secretary of the Association, that it was the body of Abraham Lincoln beyond a doubt. This was deemed advisable, to keep the evidence of identity unbroken through the changes necessary to be made before the completion of his final resting place. Mr. Lincoln had one son who died in childhood, many years ago, and was buried in Hutchinson ceme- tery, near the city. His body was removed to the tem- 136 THE GREAT FUXEEAL COETEGE, porary vault also, and it then contained the bodies of the father and two sons, Eddie and Willie. Edward ^yas named for Col. E. D. Baker — who was killed at Ball's Bluff — between whom and Mr. Lincoln the warmest friendship always existed. I must digress here, to say that I have been informed by one who knows, that in one of the finest cemeteries of San Francisco, the grave of that pure and eloquent states- man and brave soldier, is the only one that is neglected. Is there no lover of free institutions, and admirer of genius in that city, who will see that the stain is re- moved ? Figure No. 3 was engraved from a photograph of the temporary vault. It stood on the brow of the hill, about fifty yards northeast of the monument. It was removed late in the autumn of 1871, and the site where it stood graded down about fifteen feet. Early in 1868, the Association advertised a " Notice to Artists," offering $1000 for the best design for a monument, with the usual conditions, and named the (Fig. 3.) TEMPOR.^RY VAULT AT OAK EIDGB. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 137 first of September as the day for the examination. Thirty-seven designs, by thirty-one artists — six of them sending two eacli — -were received and placed on exhi- bition in the Senate Ceamber. They came from the following States : Illinois — Chicago, John Wesley Hooper, Henry L. Gay, H. SchrofF, Cochrane & Piquenard, one each, and from L. W. Volk, two ; Mattoon, J. E. Hummell, one ; Bloomington, J. R. & J. S. Haldeman, one ; Quincy, C. G. Valk, two ; Springfield, Joseph Baum and E. E. Myers, one each, making a total of twelve. Wisconsin — Milwaukee, N. Merrill, two. Iowa — Jefferson, Henry Goodman, one. Indiana — Logansport, William Em- mett, and Indianapolis, J. H. Vrydagh, one each. Ohio — Toledo, W. H. Macher, one, and Cincinnati, Thomas J). Jones, two. Massachusetts — Boston, C. B. Odiorne and Miss Harriet E. Hosmer, one each. Dis- trict of Columbia — Washington, Miss Vinnie Beam, one. Kentucky — Louisville, M. S. Belknap, one. Missouri — St. Louis, J. Beattie, Charles Bullitt, R. H. FoUenius, McLaren & Baldwin, one each. New York — Brooklyn, Horwan & Maurer, two. Pennsylvania — Philadelphia, J. H. Bailey & H. H. Lovie, A. E. Har- ■wicke, J. H. Hazeltine, E. N. Scherr, one each. Con- necticut — Hartford, J. G.Batterson, one. Vermont — Brattleboro, Larkin G. M.ead, Jr., two ; making a total of thirty-seven. Some of these designs would have cost a million dol- lars each to put them into execution. Five days were occupied in studying them, when the board adjourned to meet again on the tenth of the month. They re- assembled on the tenth, and continued to the eleventh, when it was Mesolved, That this Association adopt tlie clesiga — one of them — submitted by Larkiii G. Mead, Jr., to be coustnicted of granite and bronze, and tliat tlie wliole matter be referred to the Execu- tive Committee, with power to act. 138 THE GREAT FUNEEAL CORTEGE, Those voting in tlie affirmative were, Batenian, Bev- eridge, Buun, Conkling, Dennis, Dubois, Hatch, Mel- vin, Miner, Stuart, Treat, "Williams and Phillips. In the negative, Mr. Tyndale. Absent or not voting, Gov. Oglesby. The Association then entered into a contract ■svith Mr. Mead, to erect the monument, together -with the statuary, and all the accessories necessary to the fulfil- ment of the design. It was soon after ascertained that it was ^Ir. Mead's intention to let the contract for the architectural part of the work and return to Italy, where he had been residing for several years. Then it was mutually agreed to annul the existing contract, and a new one \\'as entered into on the thirtieth of De- cember, in which it was stipulated that the Association was to manage the building of the architectural part of the monument, and that it should be done strictly after the drawings and speciiications of Mr. Mead. On his part, Mr. Mead was to mould, cast and deliver all the statuary required by and necessary to his design, namely. 1. A statute of Lincoln, not less than ten feet high, for $13,700. 2. A group representing infantry, containing three figures and appropriate accessories, the figures to be not less than seven and a half feet high, for $13,700. 3. A group of cavalry, to contain a horse and two human figures, with appropriate accessories, the human figures to be not less than seven and a half feet high, and the horse in proportion, for the sum of $13,700. 4. A group of ai'tillery, to contain three figures and appropriate accessories, the figures to be not less than seven and a half feet high, for $13,700. 5. A marine group, to contain three figures and ap- propriate accessories, the figures to be not less than seven and a half feet high, for $13,700. 6. The coat of arms of the United States, as shown in the specifications, for $1,500, making a total of $70,000. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 139 It was a part of the contract, that the Association was to have the right to order one or more of these pieces or groups at a time, to suit its own convenience, and that it was not under obligations to pay for any piece until a written order was given for the work to proceed. When a written order was given, one-third of the stipulated price was to accompany it, one-third to be paid when the plaster model was delivered at the foundry where it was to be cast, and the remaining third when the work was completed and delivered in good order, at Springfield, Illinois. It was also stipu- lated in the contract, that if cannon were donated to be used in the statuary, the value thereof should be deducted from the price. It was further agreed, that if any donations of freight were made, it should be to the Association, and not to Mr. Mead. On the back of this contract, Mr. Mead gave the signatures of five business men of New York city, binding themselves in the penal sum of $5,000 each, for the faithful performance of the contract on his part. A note, also an the back of this contract, over the signature of John J. Cisco, of New York, ex- presses the opinion that the bond is good and suffi- cient. On the seventh day of May, 1869, the Board of Directors, under the above contract, instructed the Executive Committee to order the statue of Lincoln and the coat of arms of the United States, and to ac- company the order with one third of the money, as per contract. After advertising for proposals to erect the monu- ment — excepting the statuary — and receiving five or six bids, that of W. D. Richardson, of Springfield, was accepted. A contract was then entered into, between the Association and Mr. Richardson, in which he agreed to erect the National Lincoln Monument, in Oak Ridge Cemetery, according to the plans and speci- fications adopted by the Association, for the sum of 140 THE GREAT FTJXEEAL CORTEGE, §136.550. He was to build the foundation during the year 1869, and the superstructure by January 1, 1871. The Association agreed to pay Mr. Richardson the sum above named, and for the purpose designated, by monthly estimates as the work progressed, fifteen per cent of which was to be withheld until the work was completed according to contract, when the total amount remaining should be paid. ]\Ir. Richardson gave am- ple security, under a penalty of $50,000, for the faith- ful performance of the contract on his part. AND THE XATIOXAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 141 CHAPTER XVI. Arrangements having previously been made, the the Board of Directors held a special meeting in Oak Ridge Cemetery, September 9, 1869. After calling the roll, a brief bi*t fervent prayer was offered by Rev. Albert Hale, invoking God's blessing on the work they were about to commence. The president of the Asso- ciation being absent, the vice president, Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, at the request of the board, made the follow- ing statement of the financial condition of the Associa- tion : 17. S. 5-20 l)onds, on special deposit with J. Bunn $66,300 00 Premium on said bonds, at present value 13,360 00 Cashinbank , 2,033 46 Notes on individuals 80 00 Illinois State bonds, on special deposit with J. Bunn. . 17,000 00 Illinois State appropriation 50,000 00 Estimated value of cannon donated by Congress 5,000 00 Paid to Larkin G. Mead on contract for statuary 5,000 00 Total assets $158,663 46 Mr. Dubois also made a statement of all the con- tracts entered into by the Association, in consequence of which the following liabilities were incurred : To W. D. Richardson, for building monument $136,550 00 To Larkin G-. Mead, for statute of Lincoln and coat of arms 15,200 00 Total liabilities $151,750 00 Balance, after meeting all liabilities $6,913 46 142 THE GEEAT FUNERAL COETEGE, Mr. Dubois said that, if no misfortune befel the Association, it could, by January 1, 1871, have the monument completed, except the four groups of statu- ary, and be out of debt, with a small balance in the treasury. He expressed the hope that the American people, or separate States or cities, would furnish the means to pay for the remaining groups of statuary, that the monument might stand complete and sym- metrical, a fitting emblem of the character and virtues of the man it was designed to honor. Vice President Dubois closed hi^ statement by say- ing : " In obedience to the order of your board, and to testify their and my approbation of all that has been done, it is my pleasure now to begin the work, by throwing out the first shovelful of earth." Mr. Richardson had his materials on the ground, and before winter closed in, had the foundation com- pleted, doing all his contract required for the year 1869. When the work was about to commence, the Asso- ciation reorganized its Executive Committee, so that it was composed of the Hon. John T. Stuart, Jacob Bunn and John Williams. Mr. Stuart, as previously intimated, was the preceptor of Abraham Lincoln, in the study of the law, and fur- nished him the library for that purpose. They were also partners in practice from 1837 to 1840, when the partnership was dissolved, in consequence of Mr. Stuart being elected to a seat in the United States House of Representatives. I shall now endeavor to describe the monument. Tlie excavation for the central part, or that on which the main shaft rises, is twenty-three and a half feet deep, and seventeen feet square. The bottom of the ex(?avation is filled with concrete, the whole seventeen feet square, to the depth of eight feet. (See Fig. 7.) On this concrete, the whole seventeen feet square is built up with solid masonry of block stone, to a height of thirty- nine feet and four inches. The stone is all dressed AND THE XATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 143 true and square, and is very heavy, some of the pieces weighing several tons each. The excavations for all the outer walls and piers are six feet deep. The walls commence with two feet depth of concrete. There is a round pier, fifteen feet in diameter — at the bottom — at each of the four corners of the central shaft. These piers are built up to a height of twenty-eight feet and four inches above the ground line, and are tapered to form a pedestal of eleven feet diameter at the top. There are three straight walls on each side of the central shaft, parallel with its sides, and at equal dis- tances from each other. These walls are all joined to the round piers. The central shaft, pedestals, and walls touching the pedestals, form a square of fifty-four feet, with rounded corners. There is another wall out- side of all these, nearly ten feet distant, the whole form- ing a square of seventy-two feet six inches. In addi- tion to these walls, there is an oval room thirty-two and a half feet long and twenty-four feet wide, in the clear. About half of it projects from the south side, and the other half extends inward, nearly to the base of the obelisk. This room is called Memorial Hall, and is designed to be a repository for articles used by, or in any way associated with the memory of Abraham Lincoln. Memorial Hall is finished on the inside with planed Illinois stone, and the floor is of the same ma- terial. It is entered from the ground, by a door at the south side. (See Fig. 4.) At the north side, there is a projection similar to that of Memorial Hall. It is an exact half circle on the interior, being twenty-four feet wide by twelve feet deep, and is called the Vestibule to the Catacomb. It is finished on the inside similar to Memorial Hall, ex- cept that the floor is of black and white marble. It is entered from the ground, by a door at the north side. The ground plan is one hundred and nineteen and a half feet from north to south, and seventy two and a half feet from east to west. The walls shown in Fig- 144 THE GEEAT FUNERAL COETEGE, Iir:''i iii -.Htm VEStlE CAtAfOp (Fig. 4.) GROUND PLAN OF THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 145 ure 4 are all fourteen feet and fonr inches high. Arches are sprung from one to another at the top, and heavy iron beams or joists, with flanges on the lower edge, are laid across Memorial Hall and the Catacomb. Arches are sprung from one of these beams to another, beginning on the flanges at the bottom of the iron beams. The upper part of this series of arches is brought to an even surface by filling the depressions with concrete. On top of this, embedded in cement, is a covering of immense slabs of Illinois stone, planed to a uniform thickness of about eight inches, which brings the whole area of seventy-two and a half feet square, and the half circular projections over Memorial Hall and the Catacomb, up to fifteen feet ten inches in height. Figure 5 is an illustration of this area, which is called the Terrace. You can ascend to the Terrace by either of four flights of granite steps, one at each corner. The two on the south land over Memorial Hall, and the two at the north over the Catacomb. The flagging stone that makes the Terrace, and at the same time a roof for everything below, is laid with sufficient inclination outward to carry off the water. A heavy granite balustrade ascends on the outside of each stairway, and is extended so as to form a para- pet around the Terrace and over the Catacomb and Memorial Hall. A small section of the parapet may be seen on each end of Figure 7. On entering the vestibule to the Catacomb — Figure 6 — you will observe five crypts, side by side, and ele- vated about three feet above the floor. They are sim- ply openings in the wall, about three feet squai-e and seven feet deep. The central crypt is close,d by a marble tablet, with a heavy piece of plate glass of oval form in the centre, and the other four have each a stone neatly fitted to the opening, and made air tight by ce- ment. Figure 6 is an elevation of the crypts. 10 146 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, (Fig. 5.) THE TEHUACE. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUJIENT. 147 (Fig. 6.) ELBTATION OF TUB CRYPTS. The Catacomb and Memorial Hall are each lighted bv six openings, and each opening is designed to be closed by a single piece of plate glass, when necessary. The central shaft, being seventeen feet square at the bottom, as it rises is reduced to twelve feet square on the outside, at the top of the Terrace, and tapers to eight feet square at the apex, ninety-eight feet four and a half inches from the ground. The outside is dressed granite, and the inside hard burned brick. The shaft, or obelisk, is hollow from the terrace to the top, eighty- two and a half feet. The opening is six feet in diame- ter, and perfectly round. Fastenings were built in the wall, as the work progressed, for the support of a cir- cular iron stairway, which ascends from the entrance, over the Terrace, as shown in Figure 5, and ends in a platform of iron, just near enough the cap stone to leave convenient room for standing erect. Each step is fastened to the wall by two iron bolts, the other end is attached to a central iron shaft, which extends from bottom .to top. Figure 7 presents an interior view of the construction of the stairway. 148 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, One-third of the way from the Terrace to the top, there is a circular window, one foot in diameter, on each of the four sides. Two-thirds of the way up, there are four similar windows. At the top, and at a convenient height to stand on the platform and look out, there are twelve of these windows, three on each side. Each one was intended to have been closed by a single piece of plate glass, three-fourths of an inch thick, but it has been found necessary thus far to leave them open, to aiford ventilation as well as light. The study of Figure 7 will enable the reader to un- derstand the interior construction of the monument better than a written description only. It is as though the monument va.s cut exactly through the centre, from north to south, and you were standing at the west, facing the east, and looking at the eastern half. You see how the arches are sprung from one wall to another, to sujiport the stone flagging which forms the Terrace. The south end, or that to the right, shows the interior of Memorial Hall, and the north end, or that to the left, shows the interior of the Catacomb, without any attempt to illustrate the crypts. The let- ter S indicates that the material used is stone, and the letter B, brick. It will be observed that the founda- tion of the obelisk is sunk much deeper than the other walls. The spiral stairway is seen commencing on a level with the Terrace. A small section of the granite parapet, which extends around the Terrace, is seen at each end of the cut. The small dark spots in Memorial Hall and the Catacomb, are the small windows previ- ously described. The elevation at the south side is a profile of the pedestal for the statue of Lincoln. It is thirty-five and a half feet above the ground line, and nineteen feet eight inches above the Terrace. In preparing the granite for the monument, a series of ashlars, two feet by two feet nine inches, are so dressed that each presents the appearance of a raised AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 149 150 THE GREAT FUNEEAL CORTEGE, shield. The names of the States are engraved on these shields. The shortest are given in full, and the longest abbreviated. These shields form a part of the wall, around the entire base, and the four pedestals, alter- nating with an ashlar of the same size. On each of these alternating ashlars, are two raised bands, running horizontally, giving to the States the appearance of being linked together, as it were, by an endless chain. The bod}' of the granite is dressed to a true surface, and the bands and letters are polished. To complete a course around the edifice, there were three more shields than the whole number of States. These three are built in at the east side, and left blank, ready to receive the names of any States that may hereafter be admitted. (See Fig. 10.) The following is the order in which the States are placed, beginning on the east side, at the right of the blanks, and continuing to the right around the monu- ment. The names of the original thirteen States are first given, and then the newer States, in the chrono- logical order of their admission into the Union. As the names of the States are all abbreviated, except two, I first give the abbreviation exactly as it is on the stone, and immediately follow it with the name in full. A'^a. for Virginia ; N. Y. New York ; Mass. INIassa- chusetts ; N. H. New Hampshire ; N. J. New Jersev ; Del. Delaware ; Conn. Connecticut ; Md. Maryland ; R. I. Rhode Island; N. C. North Carolina; S. C. South Carolina ; Penn. Pennsylvania ; Ga. Georgia ; Vt. Vermont; Ky. Kentucky; Tenn. Tennessee ; Ohio; La. Louisiana ; Ind. Indiana ; Miss. Mississppi ; Ills. Illinois ; Ala. Alabama ; Me. Maine ; Mo. Missouri ; Ark. Arkansas ; Mich. Michigan ; Tex. Texas ; Fla. Florida ; Iowa ; "Wis. Wisconsin ; Cal. California ; ]Minn. Minnesota ; On. Oregon ; Kan. Kansas ; W. A"a. West Virginia ; Nev. Nevada; Neb. Nebraska ; ending at the left of the three blank shields. This cordon of States is twentv-three feet above the AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 151 ground, seven feet above the Terrace, and three feet below the top of the pedestals on which the four groups of statuary are to stand, previously described as representing the Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, and the Navy. The names of the States, as above described, and LINCOLN, in raised letters on the front of the pedestal for his statue, constitute the whole of the inscriptions on the monument. Figure 8 is a view of one of the four round pedestals. (Fig. 8.) BOUND PEDESTAL. This is one of the four for the support of the groups of statuary, and is situated at the southwest corner of the monument, showing that part of it above the Ter- race. The tablets are all of the same size, but the pedestal being round, as it recedes, Missouri, on the 152 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, right, and Illinois, on the left, are apparently dimin- ished in width. The left edge of the tablet — 111. — forms the inside of the corner, as it joins the square base of the obelisk, which brings Mississippi on a straight surface. The bands or links connecting the tablets are well illustrated. (Fig. 9.) tr. S. COAT OF ARMS. The statue of Mr. Lincoln will stand, as previously described, on a pedestal projecting from the south side of the obelisk, seven feet above the four pedestals. The pedestal for the statue of Lincoln is to have the United States coat of arms, in bronze, sunk in a recess on its front. The coat of arms, as shown in Figure 9, is somewhat modified, and is in bas relief. It will be observed that the shield, with part of the AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 153 stars obscured, supports the American Eagle. The olive branch on the ground shows, that having been tendered until it was spurned by the rebels, it was then cast under foot. Then the conflict began, and raged until the eluiin of slavery was torn asunder, one part remaining grasped in the talons of the eagle, and the other held aloft in his beak. The coat of arms, in the position it occupies on the monument, is intended to typify the Constitution of the United States. Mr. Lin- coln, on the pedestal above it, makes the whole an illus- tration of his position at the outbreak of the rebellion. He took his stand on the Constitution, as his authority for using the four arms of the war power of the Gov- ernment — the Infantry, Cavalry, Artilleiy, and the ]N^avy, which are to be represented in groups around him — to hold together the States, which are represented still lower on the monument, by a cordon of tablets, linking them together, as it were, in a perpetual bond of Union. The statue of Lincoln is the central figure in the group, or series of groups. There is nothing visible, on all the exterior, except granite and bronze. You enter the sl;iaft, or obelisk, on a level with the Terrace, at the south side, under the statue of Lincoln, and ascend the spiral stairway seventy-seven feet, which brings you to the platform at the top, previously de- scribed. The floor of this platform is made of iron, and is ninety-two feet from the ground. The monu- ment being on almost as high ground as any within several miles of the city, aifords a fine prospect of Springfield and the surrounding country. Figure 10 is an accurate representation of the monument from the southeast, as it will appear when completed, and as it now appears, with the exception of the statuary. The door on the ground is the entrance to Memorial Hall ; that on the Terrace, the entrance to the obelisk. The Catacomb is on the opposite side, and consequently 154 THE GEEAT FCNEEAL CORTEGE, (Fig. 10.) i;.VTIOKAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 155 does not appear in this picture, but it is entered by a door on tlie ground, the same as that to INIemorial Hall. In order to make it more easily understood, I will recapitulate the dimensions. The base is seventy-two and a half feet square, and with the circular projection of the Catacomb on the north, and Memorial Hall on the south, the extreme length on the ground from north to south is one hundi'cd and nineteen and a half feet. Height of the Terrace, fifteen feet ten inches. Froni the Terrace to the apex of the Obelisk, eighty-two feet six and a half inches. From the grade line to the top of the four round pedestals, twenty-eight feet four inches, and to the top of the pedestal for the Lincoln statue, thirty-five and a half feet. Total height from ground line to apex of Obelisk, ninety-eight feet four and a half inches. The above measurements were taken by T. J. Dennis in January, 1872. 156 THE GEEAT FUNEEAL OOETEGE, CHAPTER XVII. I have said that Memorial Hall would be the recep- tacle for articles that had been used by Mr. Lincoln, or in any way associated with his memory. There is a stone built in the wall on the inside of Memorial Hall, which will furnish food for reflection to all lovers of liberty, but to those whose meditative faculties are fully developed, it will be a rich feast. All historians are aware that much of the early his- tory of Rome is obscure and traditional, and that some of her reputed rulers are regarded, by a portion of the early historical writers, as mere creatures of the imag- ination, whilst others who are entitled to equal cre- dence, regard what is i-elated of them as, in the main, true. Taking all the light that can be obtained on the sub- ject, the following is thought to be 'a correct version of the life of Servius Tullius : He is said to have been the sixth king of Rome. It is stated that he ascended the throne 578 years before the birth of Christ. He was of obscure origin, and his history mingled with pagan mythology. It is intimated that one or both of his parents were slaves. The policy of his reign was to better the condition of the common people by every means lie could devise, and to raise them to an equality with their rulers, so far as the right to life and prop- erty was concerned. It is even asserted that he was aiming to qualify them to be their own rulers, with a view to abolishing the kingly office. He discharged the debts of his indigent subjects from his own private revenues, and deprived the creditor of the power of seizing the body of the debtor, restricting him to tlie goods and chattels for the liquidation of his claims. AXD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 157 At the time his reign commenced, the city was com^- posed of but four hills : the Palatine, the Tarpeian — ■ now called the Caj)itoline— the Aventine and the Cselian. The king manifested his public spirit by adding the Viminal.the Esquiline and the Quirinal, making Rome, at that ai:jcient date, the city of the seven hills. Hav- ing enlarged its boundaries, he enclosed it with a stone •wall which was ever after called by his own name. His reign was eminently peaceful and tempered with kind- ness and benevolence. In his efforts to ameliorate the condition of the common people, and confer upon them the right to take part in the affairs of the State, thus, for the first time, making them politically independent, he established a constitution for their government. Already jealous of his love for the common people, this last act of the king aroused all the latent malig- nity of the wealthy classes, or those claiming to be the nobility, and they determined upon his destruction. He had no sons, but two daughters, both of whom were married. His daughter Tullia pnt her husband to death. Lucius Tarquinius, who had married the other daughter, put her to death and then took her sis- ter Tullia to wife. Tarquinius plotted with the nobles, and at the head of an armed mob, in the summer, when the commoners were gathering their harvests, he entered the forum and seated himself on the throne. The king, unconscious of danger, while going from one part of the citv to another, was struck down and assassinated in the streets by some of the followers of his treacher- ous and ungrateful son-in-law. His body was left where it fell until the chariot of his daughter Tullia was driven over it by her own directions. Thus passed away king Servius Tullius, 538 years before the birth of Christ, in the fortieth year of his reign. What were called the walls of Servius Tullius, were the walls of Rome for about 700 years, or until the reign of the Emperor Aurelius, which commenced in the year 138 of the Christian era. 158 THE GREAT FUNEEAL CORTEGE, The constitution ffiven to the Roman people by Ser- vius Tullius, and which is believed to be historical, never came into force, bnt was swept awaj^ with all his other reforms, soon after his successor ascended the throne. Instead of the happy condition in which the good king hoped and labored to place the Roman peo- ])le, they were plunged into the deepest abyss of woe by Tarquinius, whose oppressions of the poor were so great tliat many slew themselves, and the historians say, that "in the days of Tarquinius, the tyrant, it was hap- j^ier to die than to live." During all the centuries of oppression and tyranny through which Rome has grown hoary, there has been a chosen few who loved liberty and justice. When suffering under the oppressions of the aristocratic class- es, they have kept alive by their traditions, as objects of fond regret, the memory of the just laws of king Servius Tullius. Some of these Roman patriots, evidently watched Avith intense interest for four long and weary years, the struggle in the new world, between liberty on the one side and tyranny and oppression on the other. They saw it terminate in the destruction of the slave power, and the elevation of four millions of the oppressed and downtrodden of the human family, to a equal right with all other men — to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. They kept their eyes steadily fixed on the man whose head and heart and hands wielded the power of the great liberty loving nation to consummate these grand achievements. They believed that they saAv in him an embodiment of all the virtues of their ancient king, whose memory they so fondly cherished. After his election as President of the United States for the second time, and in order to show their appre- ciation of his character, and the parallel between the lives of Abraham Lincoln and Servius Tullius, these Roman patriots took from a fragment of the wall, where it had been placed by human hands more than two AXD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 159 thousand four hundred years before, a stone, and placed upon it an inscription and sent it as a memorial to President Lincoln. Figure 11 is a faa simile of the stone, with its inscription. It was engraved from a photograph, taken for the purpose after its arrival in Springfield. Kf OVO VJiy,Vby\,IJ, (Fig. 11.) STONE FROM THE WALL OF SERVIUS TtJLLIUS. The following is a translation of the inscription : " Tn Abraham Lincoln, President for tlio scconcl time, of tlie American Rcpnlilic, citizens of Rome present this stone, from the -wall of Servins Tullius, by whicli the memory of each of those brave assertors of liberty miiy be associated. Anno, 18G5." It is a conglomerate sandstone, and Prof. Worthen, State Geologist for Illinois, says that it is possibly an artificial one. It is tw.enty-seven and a half inches long, nineteen inches wide, and eight and three-quarter inches thick. The lower edge and the side which bears the inscription are dressed true ; the opposite side 160 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, shows the unevenness peculiar to the natural surface of a stone — the upper edge and both ends are broken as if done with a hammer. By authority of the Hon. Shelby M. Cullom and the Congressional Records, I give the following as the American history of the stone : Something like a year after the assassination of President Lincoln, it was dis- covered in the basement of the Executive mansion, where it had been run over, covered with rubbish and somewhat defaced. The attention of President John- son was called to it, and he caused diligent search to be made by the clerks of the Executive mansion, to ascer- tain if any letters had been received giving a clue as to how or when it came. Not a word of anything con- nected with it could be found, and all that is positively known of its history is the inscription it bears on its face ; yet no person acquainted with the circumstances doubts that it really came from the wall of Servius Tullius at Rome. It is barely possible that it arrived before the assas- sination of President Lincoln, but it is not believed that it did, or that he ever saw it. When the stone was discovered it was removed tp the Capitol and placed in a crypt in the basement, still depriving the public of any opportunity to see it. Early in June, 1870, a joint resolution was introduced into the House of Representatives at Washington, instructing the architect of the Capitol to transfer it to an appropriate place in a conservatory of the United States Botanical Gardens. Upon its coming before the House, Mr. Cul- lom moved the following substitute : " Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert that the architect of the Capitol be, and he is hereby directed to cause the stone presented to the late Abraham Lincoln by the patriots of Rome, to be transferred to the posses- sion of the National Lincoln Monument Association, at Springfield, Illinois, to be placed by said Association in the monument now being erected to the memory of Abraham Lincoln." AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 161 In a brief speech Mr. Cullom presented some very forcible reasons why the stone should be placed in the monument, and when he closed, the resolution was adopted. Passing both houses, this action of Congress was completed on' the 17th of June. The stone was boxed and shipped to this city and placed in the office of Vice President Dubois Sept. 15, 1870, Avhere it re- mained until August, 1871, when it was built into the east wall on the interior of Memorial Hall. That stone was prepared and shipped to Abraham Lincoln because his life had thus far been similar to that of Servius Tullius. Both sprang from the common peo- ple ; both, in their official capacity, did all they could to elevate and improve the condition of the common people ; both incurred the hatred of those claiming to be the nobility, because they were of and for the common people ; and both were assassinated because they were endeavoring so to administer their respective govern- ments, as to increase the freedom, hapj)iness and pros- perity of the common people. Little did those who put the inscription on that stone think that the paral- lel in the lives of those two rulers would so soon be complete, even to the closing tragedy of assassination. The death of our martyred Pi-esident sealed the right to life, liberty and the piirsuit of happiness to every human being on American soil ; but it required twenty-four centuries for the blood of Servius Tullius to produce its legitimate fruits, in severing the manacles which held in bondage the Roman people. King Victor Emanuel is deserving of all honor for the part he has taken in their elevation ; but they must make another stride by educating the masses until they are prepared to set aside a kingly government for that of a republic, and then they will be acting in the true spirit of their ancient ruler. There is no beauty in that stone to make it attract- ive, but the association of ideas that cluster around it will always cause it to be an object of interest. Dur- 11 162 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, ing the time that has elapsed since it was placed by human hands in the wall surrounding the city of Rome, continents have been discovered; empires have risen and fallen ; and more than seventy generations of hu- man beings have sprung from the earth, acted their busy parts and sunk back into its bosom. ^ Servius Tullius at the beginning and Abraham Lincoln at the close of that long period of time, were influenced by the same spirit of humanity. Both loved and trusted the common people, and both were loved and trusted in return ; and because of that mutual love, both were assassinated by the minions of tyranny and oppression. The object of the Eoman patriots is attained — the names of "those brave assertors of liberty" are and will be associated from this time henceforth. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 163 CHAPTEK XVIII. In the preceding chapters I have endeavored to de- scribe the appearance which the structure will present when completed. We will now see what has really been done. Mr. Mead, who is a sculptor by profession, does not pretend to be an architect. After studying out the general design for the Monument, he secured the services of Mr. Russell Sturgis, Jr., Secretary of the American Institute of Architects, located in New York city, to prepare his drawings, and after they were completed, Mr. Mead submitted them to that associa- tion for criticism by its members, particularly with reference to its proportions, and they gave it their un- qualified approval. When the Association was about to adopt it because of its general beauty, they required improvements in some of the minor details. The most important change was made at the suggestion of Mr. T. J. Dennis, one of the members of the Association, who prepared drawings for the purpose. It was that of substituting the present granite balustrade and para- pet for the metalic railing originally designed. As soon a,s arrangements were perfected for going forward with the building, the necessary drawings and specifications for the guidance of the stone cutters were prepared by Mr. Dennis and placed in the hands of the contractor, Mr. Richardson, who, after having some of them re- drawn, conveyed them to the stone cutters at Lemont, near Joliet, Illinois, and the granite quarries at Quin- cy, Massachusetts, where each piece was cut, dressed and numbered before being shipped to its destination. 164 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, As already stated, ground was broken September 9, 1869, and the massive foundation was completed before the close of that year. When the spring of 1870 opened, ^Ir. Richardson had materials ready to commence the work on the superstructure. He pushed it steadily forward with a full force of men, expecting to fini.sh it during 1870, but there was so much delay on the part of the railroads in bringing the granite on tlie ground that it was found impossible to finish it within the building season. Work was resumed early in the spring of 1871, and the cap stone was elevated to its position on the obelisk Monday morning, May 22, without any ceremonials whatever. That did not complete the work, however, for there was .still more to do on the Catacomb, Memo- rial Hall, and other parts of the terrace. It will be remembered that on the seventh of ^lav, 1869, orders were given by the Association for Mr. Mead to proceed with the work, and prepare the mod- els for the statue of Lincoln and the coat of arms of the United States. A newspaper called La Rifonna, jHiblished in Florence, Italy, in its issue of February 22, 1870, criticises Mr. Mead's work on the model of Lincoln, then far advanced towards completion. The article was translated by Mr. A. Alvey of this city, and published in the Register. From his translation I make the following quotations : " Tlie statue wliicli will arise in colossal proportions fn mi the moiiumoiit liolcls in the left hand a scroll upon -whicli is written ' Emanoipation,' and in the other the pen with which Lincoln blotted from human history the stain of slavery. As a symbol of Union, to which he devoted his existence, the fasces are jilaced near the statue, upon which is thrown, in relief, the glorious ban- ner of the republic * * * At the foot of the fasces reclines a crown of laurel, that crown which mankind has unanimously placed upon the head of the great citizen. "But art stops wlieu life is to be infused into inert matter, and then inspiration must be summoned to express the feeling and AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 165 sentiment of a soul, which reflects, as in a niivror, the gran- deur of the hero whose figure she would model. » * » lu this work, Mr. Mead has surpassed our expectations. * * * The Florentines admire the works of Mr. Mead, and desire to do homage to tlie memory of Lincoln, wlio no longer belongs excln- sively to America, but to the whole world, an lionor to the human race." Hon. W. M. Springer, also of Springfield, while^ traveling in Europe, spent several weeks in Florence when Mr. Mead was at work on the bust and features of Mr. Lincoln. He sent a translation of the criticism in La Riforma to the Journal of this place. In his accompanying letter he says : " The comments of tlie Florentine papers are very complimentary, and you have a right to conclude that the statue merits all that is said of it. Here, where are found the finest works of Michael Angelo and Canova, and the renowned chefs d'cBuvre of Greek sculpture, every work of this kind must stand upon its own merits. All who have seen Mr. Mead's statue of Mr. Lincoln admire it." The engraving of the coat of arms in this volume is from a photograph by L. Powers, a son of Hiram Powers, who has a gallery adjoining the studio of his father in Florence. It was a present from Mr. Mead to Mrs. Springer. The models of the statue and coat of arms were completed and shipped to Chicopee, Massachusetts, ar- I'iving there in the latter part of October, 1870. Hon. , J. C Conkling of this city, a long and intimate friend of Mr. Lincoln, was at Chicopee in December, and his description of both models are similar to those previ- ously given. Thomas Lincoln (Tad), the youngest son of Presi- dent Lincoln, after having spent the greater p^t of his time in Germany since the death of his father, re- turned with his mother to America early in 1871. In crossing the Atlantic he contracted a severe cold, which terminated in his death at Chicago, July 15, 1871. 166 THE GEEAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, The monument was not completed, but the Catacomb was far enough advanced to be occupied, and on Mon- day, the seventeenth of July, the remains were brought to Springfield a,nd deposited in the west one of the five crypts— that which is at the extreme right on entering the vestibule. At a meeting of the Association August 22, Gover- nor Oglesby was instructed to confer with Judge David Davis of Bloomington and Robert T. Lincoln of Chi- cago, and they three were to agree upon a day for the removal of the remains of President Lincoln. After consultation they named September 19, at three o'clock p. ni. The removal was intended to be done privately, a few personal friends only being notified. At the time appointed there wei-e about two hundred persons at the monument to witness the event. Of the fifteen members of the Association, thirte'en were present, namely, Oglesby, Dubois, Miner, Stuart, Conkling, Williams, Bunn, Bateman, Treat,. Hatch, Melvin, Bev- eridge and Phillips. In making their preparations for removal, it was ascertained that the embalming was not perfect, and that it was necessar}' to change the remains from the wooden coffin in which it was brought from AVashing- ton, and place them in a metalic casket, which was done on the forenoon of that day. When the remains were removed December 21, 1865, five or six of his old personal friends viewed the features and signed a jDaper stating that it was the person of Abraham Lin- coln beyond a doubt. The same thing was done on the nineteenth of September, and both papers are on file with the Secretary of the Association. The evi- dence of identity is thus unbroken. About four o'clock the casket containing the remains of the late Presi- dent was conveyed to the Catacomb and deposited in the central crypt, and then the remains of Willie and Eddie were taken and put together in the crypt to the right of, and on the west of that in which the body of AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 167 Mr. Lincoln rests. And now the father and three sons are reposing near each other in this National Mauso- leum. The two crypts on the left are unoccupied, but are closed the same as if they were. That in which the remains are deposited is closed by a marble slab with a piece of plate glass, oval in form, and about fifteen by twenty inches, let in the centre of it. Through this glass the casket containing the remains can be seen at all times. 168 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, CHAPTER XIX. The reader -will doubtless be interested in knowing how the money was raised to accomplish so much. By the courtesy of the treasurer, the Hon. James H. Bev- eridge, it has been my privilege to examine his books, and a little explanation will be of some advantage. As the money came in, an entry was made in a journal, prepared expressly for that purpose, of each contribu- tion, giving the date of its reception, number on the journal, name of the person or society contributing, place of residence or location, and amount. For every- thing, except Sunday schools, this is all the record. The whole number of entries in the journal is 5145, and of these 1697 are Sundav schools. Besides enter- ing the Sunday schools on the journal, there is another book prepared for them alone. The names of more than sixty thousand children are enrolled in this book. The total amount of their contributions is about twenty thousand dollars. Every superintendent was requested to send a roll of the names of the children, with the amount contributed by each. The record begins with the name of the school, where located, and the name of the superintendent, followed by the names of the children and amounts of their contributions. After the design was adopted, those who contributed not less than fifty cents, received in return a fine steel engraving of the monument, as it will appear when the statuary is placed on it. The following extracts from the journal of the Asso- ciation, taken at random, will give some idea of the great variety of persons and organizations contributing to the fund : AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 169 The first entry was made May 8, 1865, and was from Isaac Reed & Co., New York city, $100 ; Excelsior Lodge, No. 97, F. & A. Masons, Freeport, 111., |25 ; St. Annes's Council, U. L. A., No. 1234, Kendall county. 111. ; Big Thunder Lodge, No. 28, I. O. of Good Templars, Belvidere, 111. ; Olive Branch Lodge, No. 15, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Canton, 111. ; Third Presbyterian Church, Springfield, 111. ; Second Presbyterian Church, Springfield, 111 ; Ger^ man Lutheran Church, Springfield, 111., and nearly all the other churches in Springfield ; First Universal- ist Church, Sugar Grove and Blackberry, 111. ; First M. E. Church, Springfield, 111.; 118th Mounted In- fantry, Baton Rouge, La. ; Cumberland Presbyterian Sunday School, at Lincoln, 111. This is the first con- tribution from a Sunday school, and it is remarkable that it comes from a town named by some personal friends for Abraham Lincoln, when his only fame was that of being a good and honest lawyer. Congrega- tional Church, Clifton, 111. ; Baptist Church, Towanda, 111. ; Ladies' Aid Society, Fairfield, Iowa ; St. Mary's Church, Protestant Episcopal, Bloomington, 111. ; Citi- zens of Chelsea, Mass. ; M. E. Church, A Itoona, Penn. ; Presbyterian Church, Omaha, Neb. ; Colored Citizens •of Cairo, 111. ; Hebrew Citizens of Alton, 111 ; Hobart Church, Oneida Indians, Oneida, Wis. ; United Breth- ren Church, Dayton, Ohio. The 73d Regiment U. S. Colored Troops, at New Orleans, La., contributed $1437, a greater amount than was given by any other individual or organization, except the State of Illinois. It was not until the latter part of June that the Sunday schools began to report in large numbers, when page after page of the journal was filled with their contributions. At the same time, reports would come from a U. S, war steamer, with a long list of contribu- tions ; then from a U. S. army hospital, then Sunday schools, another U. S. steamship, a regiment in Missis- sippi, another at Washington, then one in Tennessee, 170 THE GEEAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, still another from Arkansas, some, white and some col- ored. Then more Sunday schools. Naval Hospital at Portsmouth, Virginia; a colored regiment, Sunday schools, a Hebrew congregation at St. Joseph, Mo. ; Sunday schools, M. E. Church in Massachusetts, from a Cougregational Church in Wisconsin, a Presbyterian Church in Pennsylvania, Baptist Church in Michigan, Episcopal Church in Illinois ; roll of contributors from a colored regiment fills twenty three pages; Hebrew congregation in Philadelphia, and a Presbyterian Sun- day school at Aurora, Indiana. An American mis- sionary, from his far-off field in Hong Kong, China, sends his contribution, to help build the monument to the memory of Abraham Lincoln. A Methodist Sun- day school, away up in Seattle, Alaska, sends twenty dollars for the same purpose. Then comes a contribu- tion from the superintendent of public instruction at Memphis, Tennessee. More Sunday schools, more Masonic, Odd Fellows, and Good Templars' lodges. More Sunday schools, from the east, west, north, and some from the south, of almost every denomination of Christians. Citizens of New York city contributed nearly five thousand dollars. Citizens of Boston and Stockbridge, Mass., contributed nearly fifteen hun- dred dollars. More Sunday schools — Sunday schools, lodges, churches, Sunday schools, and so it continues, page after page, throughout the journal. Much the largest part of the money was contributed during the year 1865, but contributions continued to come, decreasing in number, until the early part of 1870. A contribution came, February 2, 1870, from a Methodist Sunday school at Smithtown Brancli, Mass. On the sixty-first anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln, namely, February 9, 1870, a contribution of $500 in gold was received from the State of Nevada, by her large hearted Govei-nor, Henry G. Blasdel. One hundred dollars in gold was received on the eleventh of March, following, from the Secretary of AND THE NATION AIj LINCOLN MONUMENT. 171 the State of Nevada, as the contribution of the mem- bers of the Legislature and officers of that State. For a long time it appeared as if no more voluntary offer- ings would come into the treasury, but in December, 1870, a contribution of |10 was received from a gen- tleman in St. Louis, and on the twenty-second of the month $15.22 was received from a Presbyterian Sun- day school at Princeton, Illinois. Another pause ensues, nntil May 12, 1871, when |25 was received from a citizen of Sangamon county, Illi- nois, and on the fifth of June, |5, from a citizen of Belvidere, Illinois. On the twenty-fourth of June, |5 was received from a Methodist Sunday school at Green- wich, New York, and on the same day, $198 was re- ported as the contribution of the Second Presbyterian Sunday School of Springfield, Illinois. November 25, 1871, a contribution of $50 is recorded from a citizen of Geneva, Illinois. A report of the contributions for procuring the groups of statuary can be seen in the twentieth chapter, and for ornamenting the monument grounds, in the twenty-first chapter. Only three States have made contributions to the fund, without reserve. Illinois, by an act of the Gen- eral Assembly, approved January 29, 1867, appropri- ated fifty thousand dollars. The money was not to be drawn from the State treasury until it was needed to pay out on the work. It has been drawn and applied as contemplated in the law. The State of Missouri appropriated one thousand dollars — a draft from Gov- ernor Fletcher, for that amount, came into the hands of the treasurer of the Association, April 18, 1868 — and the State of Nevada $500, as already stated. Men may object to giving assistance, and say it is an enterprise that belongs to Illinois. That State has acknowledged the honor of having been the chosen home of Abraham Lincoln, by her contribution of fifty thousand dollars, and has put her name in the most obscure place on the monument. If any other four 172 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, States were to combine, and do as much as Illinois, they would justly be regarded as liberal, and yet it is not a State, but a National Monument. As evi- dence of this, I need only refer to the great extent of country from which the contributions already received have come. They were made up, too, by all classesiof people, and by organizations of almost every kind. There can be but one National Monument to the memory of Abraham Lincoln, and that only can be a National Monument which contains his remains ; who, at the time of his death, was the head of the nation, and was slain because he was its Chief Magistrate. This is even more than a National Monument, it is cosmopolitan in its character. His love included all mankind, and all the liberty loving portion of the hu- man family extended their love to him. I might fill page after page with quotations from articles written in all parts of the world, expressing sorrow for his death. These expressions were so numerous that the United States Congress, in order to preserve them in a separate form, by a joint resolution of both houses, approved March 2, 1867, Resolved, That, in iiclclitioii to the miniber of copies of papers relating to foreign aflfairs now authorized hy law, there shall be printed for distribution by the Department of State, on fine paper, with wide margin, a sufficient number of copies of the appendix to the diplomatic correspondence of 1865, to supply one copy to each Senator and each Representative of the Tliirty-niuth Con- gress, and to each foreign government, and one copy to each cor- poration, association or public body, whose expressions of condo- lence or sympathy are published in this volume; one hundred of these copies to be bound in full Turkey morocco, full gilt, and tlie remaining copies to be bound iu hjilf Turkey morocco, marble edged. Under this resolution, a volume of nine hundred and thirty quarto pages was published, making a book almost as large as Webster's unabridged dictionary. It AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 173 contains " expressions of condolence and sympathy," on account of the assassination of Abraham Lincohi, from tlie governments, associations or individuals, in some official capacity, from the following countries, in alphabetical order. I give the name of each country, and the number of parties from whom documents were received : Austria, nine ; Argentine Republic, nine ; Belgium, seven ; Brunswick, one ; Baden, Duchy of, four ; Bra- zil, six ; Bolivia, one ; Chili, seventeen ; Costa Eica, six ; China, two ; Denmark, four ; Equador, five ; Egypt, two ; France, one hundred and fifty — forty- seven of which were from the press ; Great Britain and her dependencies, including both houses of Parlia- ment and Queen Victoria, many cities and towns throughout the kingdom, the island of Nassau, the Bahamas, Bengal and Calcutta, India, Cape Town and the gold coast of Africa, Dominion of Canada, with many of her cities east and west, Ireland, Scotland, Australia, islands of Guernsey, Bermuda, Jamaica and Vancouver, New South Wales and Nova Scotia. The addrasses received from all these sources were four hundred and sixty-five, including twenty-nine from the press. Greece, one ; Honduras, one ; Hanseatic Re- publics, including the free cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lubec, seven ; Hesse Darmstadt, Duchy of, two ; Hawaian Islands, four ; Hayti, one ; Italy, seventy- two, outside of Rome ; Japan, two ; Liberia, five ; Mexico, six ; Morocco, one ; the Netherlands, including the Hague, four ; Nicaragua, three ; Prussia, seven- teen ; Portugal, eighteen ; Peru, eleven ; Russia, eight ; Rome, four ; Spain, nineteen ; Sweden and Norway, nine ; Saxe Meiningen, one ; Switzerland, one hundred and thirty-six ; San Salvador, three ; United States of Columbia, twenty-three ; Ilraguay, three ; Venezuela, six ; Wurtemburg, three ; United States of America, sixty-eight. These latter were, to a great extent, made up of societies composed of foreigners residing in the 1 74 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, diiferent cities of the Union. The total number, from all sources, is eleven hundred and sixty-eight. They contain some of the finest sentiments that words can express. They are nearly all written in prose, with a small number in poetry. I insert a single communica- tion of the latter class. It was written by Miss Grace W. Gray, an invalid lady of Northampton, England, and sent to Charles F. Adam.s, our minister to that na- tion, with a request that it be forwarded to Mrs. Lin- coln. It is an accrostic, and in the number of lines, it would also be a sonnet, if the versification had been arranged for that purpose : " A nation — nor one only — mourns tliy loss, Brave Lincoln, and with voice unanimous Eaise to thy deathless memory A dirge like soug of all thy noble deeds. High let it rise; and I, too, fain would add A loving tribute to thy priceless worth, More widely known since banished from the earth. " Laurel shall now thy brow entwine, In memory's ever-faithful shrine; Nor sball it fade when earth dissolves. Caught up to meet thee iu the air. Old age and youth shall bless thee there ; Love shall her grateful tribute pay. Nor cease through heaven's eternal day." Resolutions and other expressions, by legislative bodies, corporations, voluntary societies and public assemblies called for the occasion, one and all, ex- pressed in unmistakable terms their horror at the crime, and the warmest sympathy and condolence with the bereaved family of the President and the American people ; but from the very nature of things, they par- took too much of formality to express the finer feel- ings of the heart. These latter could only be found in the public journals. Of the former class, I make a AXD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 175 single selection of part of an utterance in four where- ases and six resolutions, from the government of Li- beria : Resolwd, By tlie President of the Republic of Liberia and his Cabinet, in council. That it is with sincere regret and pain, as well as with feelings of horror and indignation, tlie government of Li- beria has lieard of the foul assassination of Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States of America. Enstilved, That the government and people of Liberia deeply sympathize with the government and people of the United States, in the sad loss they have sustained by the death of so wise, so just, so efficient, so vigorous, and yet so merciful a ruler. Eesoliied, That while with due sorrow the government and peo- ple of Liberia weep with those that mourn tlie loss of so good and great a chief, they are, nevertheless, mindful of the loss they them- selves have experienced in the death of the great philanthropist whose virtues can never cease to be to'ld so long as the Republic of Liberia shall endure ; so long as there survives a member of the negro race to tell of the chains that have been broken; of the griefs that have been allayed ; of the broken hearts that iiave been bound up by him who, as it were anew creation, breathed life into four millions of that race whom he found oppressed and degraded. From a large number of French papers, I select a single paragraph, from the Siecle of April 30, 1865 : " I pause to pay a tribute of homage to the memory of Abraham Lincoln ; he will have been the apostle and the martyr of freedom. The cause of slavery could only be put an end to by assassination. It dies as it has lived, the dagger in hand. "What a lost cause ! What a dishonored cause ! The frightful drama of Golgotha is the purchase of the disinherited. The blood of the just is invariably the ransom of the slaves." We have heretofore regarded the people of South America as not more than half civilized, but in all the hundreds of papers on the death of Abraham Lincoln, there is none that exhibits more accurate and discrim- 176 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, inating knowledge of our history, and that for sub- limity of thought and deep pathos, excels that written by the Hon. Salvador Camacho Eoldan, and translated from ia 0/3?/i/o)i, Bogota, June 7, ]86o ; from which I make some brief extracts. After stating in the most clear and concise language, the causes of our civil war and the difficulties in the path of President Lincoln, the writer says : "There is in his last words something of the fire of the old prophets," and then proceeds to quote from his inaugural address of March 4, 1865 : " Fondly do we liope, fervently do we pray, tlint this mislity scovii'ge of war may soon pass away. Yet if God wills that it con- tinue until the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn by the' lasli be paid by another drawn with tlie sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, 'the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." The writer continues : "And that nothing should be wanting to complete the grandeur of his life, the hand of crime snatched it from him in the midst of the triumph of his cause, and bound his temples, already pale from the vigils and anguish of four years, with the resplendent crown of the martyr. "Abraham Lincoln is dead, but his work is finished and sealed with the veneration which God has given to the blood of martyrs. He who was yesterdaj' a man, is to-daj' an apostle ; he who was the centre at which the sliots of malice and hatred were aimed, is to-day a prestige, sacred and irresistible. His voice is louder and more po- tent from the mansion of mart3'rs, than from the Capitol, and the cry which was loudly raised among the living, is mute before the majesty of the tomb. ' "Abraham Lincoln passes to the side of "Washington — the one the father, and Ihe other the saviour of a great nation. The tra- ditions, pure and stainless, of the early times of the republic, broken at the close of the administration of the second Adams, were restored in the martyr of Ford's Theatre; and the predomi- nance of material interests which lias heretofore obscured the country of Franklin, will abdicate the field to the prelacy of AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 177 moral ideas, of justice, of equality, and of reparation. The wliip has dropped from the hand of the overseer; the bloodhouud ■will hunt no more the fugitive slave in tlie mangrove swamps of the Mississippi; the hammer of the auctioneer of negroes has struck for the last time on his platform, and its baleful sound has died into eternal silence. The sacred ties of love which unite tlie hearts of slaves will not again be broken by the forced separation of husbands and wives, parents and children. The unnatural and^. infamous consort between the words libert)- and slavery is dis- solved forever ; and liberty! liberty! will be the cry which shall run from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the northern lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. -This great work has cost a great price. Humanit}' will have to mourn yet many years to come the hor- rors of that civil war; but above the blood of its victims, above the bones of its dead, above the ashes of desolated hearths, will arise the great figure of Abraham Lincoln, as the most acceptable sacrifice offered by the uiueteenth century in expiation of the great crime of the sixteenth. Above all the anguish and tears of that immense hecatomb will appear the shade of Lincoln as the symbol of hope and pardon.'' These expressions of condolence and sympathy were written in not less than twenty-five of the leading languages of the world, but when translated into our own, they one and all convey such true appreciation of the motives that governed the life of Abraham Lincoln, as leads us to believe that the language of freedom is everywhere the same. I believe it may be truthfully said, that there is not a man under the whole canopy of heaven, that loves liberty for liberty's sake, who does not feel that, when Abraham Lincoln was struck down, he lost a brother, for his love included all mankind. A copy of the book containing these expressions of condolence and sympathy, also the books, papers and letters of the Monument Association will be placed in Memorial Hall. A package of the original documents sent to Mrs. Lincoln and the officers of the United States government, after the death of Mr. Lincoln. 12 178 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE. was forwarded by Robert T. Lincoln to the Hon. John T. Stuart in December, 1871, to be framed and placed in Memorial Hall. A small number of them are on paper, but much the largest number.are on either parchment or vellum. They are of all sizes, from eight by ten inches to eighteen by twenty-four. Among them are some very fine specimens of pen-printing. They will be highly valued for their ornamental ap- pearance. Twenty-two of them are the originals of those contained in the book published by Congress. I will mention them in something like the order in which they appear in that book. In the borough of Blackburn, county of Lancaster, England, a meeting was held May 2, 1865, and an ad- dress issued to Mrs. Lincoln, Mr. Seward and their families. In this address the sentiment is expressed, that when the exigencies of a nation demand a great leader, God always sends the man for the time, and that Abraham Lincoln was raised up for the special pur- pose of leading our government through the perils of the rebellion, and to let the oppressed go free. Although the language varies, there is a similarity in the senti- ments running through them all, therefore I shall simply give the dates and places from whence they came : Belfast, Ireland, May 8, 1865. Dublin, Ireland, May 1, 1865. Borough of Lancaster,, England, May 3, 1865. City Council of Liverpool, England, May 3, 1865. City of Leeds, England, May 1, 1865. Workingmen of London, England, May 4, 1865. Their words of patriotism and love of freedom are so clear, that they seem to be Americans. Their address comes on a large piece of parchment, with fifty-five signatures. The Emancipation Society, at St. James Hall, Lon- don, April 29, 1865, AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 179 British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, London, May 5, 1865. Temple Discussion Fornm, of London, without date. Atlantic Telegraph C&mpany, from the London of- fice, May 8, 1865. ' New England Society, of Montreal, Canada, April 19, 1865. ]\Iunicipal Council of ISTorthampton, England, May 1, 1865. Two copies, on vellum; one to the govern- ment archives at Washington, the other to Mrs. Lin- coln. Municipal Council of Oldham, England- May 1 and 3, 1865. Town Council of Paisley, Scotland, May 6, 1865. The inhabitants of Plaistow, England, without date. Municipal Council of Rochdale, Scotland, May 4, 1865. Sheffield Secular Society, England, without date. The inhabitants of Southport, England, May 6, 1865. Parish of St. Pancras, county of Middlesex, England, May 10, 1865. Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, New York city, April 22, 1865. Board -of Managers of the INIissionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 200 Mulberry street. New York, April 24, 1865. The following do not appear in the book published by Congress, but on the parchments only : From the Aldermen and Burgesses of the city of Liverpool, England, May 3, 1865. The inhabitants of Gateshead, England, May 4, 1865. Ladies of the London Emancipation Society, to Mrs. Lincoln, without date. St. George's Society, Quebec, Dominion of Canada, April 24, 1865. Montgomery Lodge No. 19, Free and Accepted Ma- sons, Philadelphia, May 4, 1865. Friends, or Quakers, of Kendall, England, to the 1 80 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, widow and children of Abraham Lincoln, without date. This parchment contains sixty-seven autograph names, about one-third being women. Mercantile Library Company sent a piece of parch- ment, with some very neatly expressed sentiments and fifteen signatures, but it is without date or loca- tion. The St. Andrew's Scottish Benevolent Society of San Francisco, California, April 17, 1865. Their expres- sions are recorded on a fine piece of vellum, and at- tached to a roller, heavily plated with gold. Declarations of the Bishop and Clergy of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church, in the Diocese of Illinois, April 19, 1865. These are neatly engrossed on a piece of vellum, eighteen by twenty-four inches, and signed bv Bishop Whitehouse and fifty-one of the clergy of his diocese. Among the number there is one very fine piece of parchment, which has nothing on its face to show whether it was prepared before or after Mr. Lincoln's death. It is a series of joint resolutions of the Select and Common Councils of the city of Philadelphia, in- viting Abraham Lincoln to visit that city on his way to Washington, to be inaugurated President of the United States. It contains the names of the committee of invitation, consisting of six members of each coun- cil, and was approved by the Mayor, Alexander Henry, Februarv 14, 1861. On the morning of Saturday, April 29, 1871, the Hon. Sharon Tyndale, of Springfield, arose from his bed about one o'clock, took an affectionate leave of his family, and started to the depot of the Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, with the intention of visiting Belle- ville. At daylight his body was found, about a square from his residence, lying on its face, with a pistol shot through his head. The wound was almost like that which caused the death of Mr. Lincoln. Large re- wards were offered for the arrest of the assassins, but AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 181 there has never been the slightest clue as to who they were. At the annual meeting of the Association, May 11, 1871, a committee was appointed who reported the fol- lowing resolutions, which were adopted and ordered to be spread upon the record : Resolved, That in the death of the Hon. Sharon Tyudale, one of the corporators of the National Lincoln Monument Associa- tion, and the first of that number who has departed this life, this Association has lost one of the most earnest, faithful and valued members — one who cherished the memory of Abraham Lincoln with sincere and patriotic devotion, and who gave his time and thought, gladly and without stint, to promote tlie success of the enterprise for which this corporation was created. Resolved, That we recall with grateful emotions the unvarying courtesy and kindness of the deceased, as a member of this body ; his exalted conception of the historic significance of the proposed monument; his strong desire that the structure should be worthy of tlie great name to be honored and perpetuated by it, and his many valuable services and suggestions as the work was begun and carried forward. Resolved, Tliat the cruel assassination of Mr. Tyndale derives a blacker coloring of atrocity from his singularly benevoleent and philanthropic nature, and his well known kindness of disposition, and that we earnestly join in the general wish that his inhuman murderers may yet be arrested, convicted and punished. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded, with assurances of our deep and respectful sympathy, to the afflicted widow and family of the deceased. Nbwton Bathman, "I David L. Phillips, S- Committee. James C. Conkung, J At the same meeting, upon the suggestion of Hon. O. M. Hatch, Gov. John M. Palmer was elected a member of the Association, to fill the vacancy occa- sioned by the death of Mr. Tyndale. With this ex- ception, there has never been any change in the mem- bership, from the organization of the Association. 182 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Clinton L. Conkling, the first secretary, was never a member of the Association, but served as secretary until December 28, 1865, when he tendered his resigna- tion, which was accepted January 18, 1866. Hon. O. M. Hatch was then elected secretary, which he accepted, and has continued to serve until the present time. The Association is at present composed of ex-Gov. R. J. Oglesby, President ; Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, Vice Presi- dent; Hon. James H. Beveridge, Treasurer; Hon. O. M. Hatch, Secretary ; Hon. O. fl. Miner, Hon. John T. Stuart, Hon. James C. Conkling, John Williams, Thomas J. Dennis, Jacob Bunn, Hon. Newton Bate- man, Hon. S. H. Treat, Hon. D. L. Phillips, Dr. S. H. Melvin, and Gov. John M. Palmer. The Executive Committee, appointed when the work commenced, namely, the Hon. John T. Stuart, Jacob Bunn, and John Williams, has continued to superin- tend it to the present time. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 183 CHAPTER XX, The statements of this chapter were authorized by a speojal committee of the Association, appointed for that purpose at a meeting held November 29, 1871. Soon after the National Lincoln Monument Associa- tion was organized, it announced its intention to raise two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for the purpose of building a monument to the memory of Abraham Lincoln. This was the sum named in all the papers sent out by the Association. There was but one con- tribution made, the payment of which was dependent on the whole amount being raised. The Legislature of New York, at its first or second session after the Association was organized, appropriated ten thousand dollars, to be paid to the National Lincoln Monument Association at Springfield, Illinois, when two hundred and forty thousand dollars were raised from other sour- ces. With that proviso in the law, the Association has no claim an the State of New York, as the requi- site amount has not been raised from other sources, con- sequently that appropriation has lapsed. An aged colored woman named Charlotte Scott, who had received her freedom in Virginia by the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, was living at Marietta, Ohio, when he was assassinated. Upon hearing of his death she was greatly distressed, and said : " The colored people have lost their best friend on earth ; Mr. Lincoln was our best friend, and I will give five dollars of my wages towards building 184 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, a monument to his memory." The money was at once placed in the hands of the Rev. C. D. Battelle, of Mari- etta, to be held in trust for the purpose designated. The circumstance was related in a letter to the Hon. James E. Yeatman, of St. Louis, President of the Western Sanitary Commission. An extract from that letter, with a brief note from Mr. Yeatman, was pub- lished in the Missouri Democrat of May 2, 1865. On the nineteenth of May a response came from Lieut. Col. John P. Coleman, of the 6th U. S. Colored Heavy Artillery, at Natchez, Mississippi, accompanied by $4242 as the contribution of that regiment towards the monument fund. The 70th U. S. Colored Infantry contributed $2949.50. Other regiments entered into the plan, and as the soldiers were paid off they sent in liberal contributions. Part of this money came through the hands of U. S. Paymaster W. C. Lupton, who says that seventeen hundred men — including the 6th and 70th regiments, just named — contributed about $10,000, an average of nearly six dollars each. So anxious were they to express their gratitude that they were willing to give all their pay, and in many instances the officers found it necessary to restrain them. After the move- ment was fairly inaugurated, the five dollars given by Charlotte Scott was sent by Rev. Mr. Battelle to Mr. Yeatman, to be recorded as the first contribution. Some time during the summer of 1865, the ^Yestern Sanitary Commission employed John M. Langston, of Ohio, a man of color and a talented lawyer, to travel in the Southern States as an agent in making collec- tions from the colored people. He continued in the work until April 15, 1866. In consequence of the change of conduct in Andrew Johnson towards the colored people, causing apprehensions in their min.ds with regard to their own safety, further efforts were par- alyzed and there was but little more collected. Seeing there was not enough to build a monument of any considerable magnitude, Mr. Yeatman, as Presi- AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN M0NU:MENT. 185 dent of the Western Sanitary Commission, accompanied by the Hon. "Wayman Crow, a personal friend of Miss Harriet E. Hosmer, visited Springfield in September, 1868, the time appointed by the Association for select- ing a design. Mr. Yeatman made an overture, to turn the funds raised by the colored people over to the Na- tional Lincoln Monument Association, and that the citizens of St. Louis would increase the amount to §2.5,000, provided the design of Miss Hosmer was adopted. Upon investigation, the Association became satisfied that to build after her design would cost more than double the money that there was any jirospect they would ever be able to command, and for that reason, if no other, they were under the necessity of adopting a less costly design. At a conference of the African M. E. Church which assembled at Indianapolis from Aug. 26 to Sept. 5, 1870, representing the States of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, resolutions were adopted expressing the opinion that the money held in trust by the officers of the late Western Sanitary Com- mission for the purpose of building a monument to the memory of Abraham Lincoln, ought to be turned over to the National Lincoln Monument Association at Springfield, Illinois, to be used in completing the monu- ment at that place, and that it ought not to be used for any other jDurpose. The resolutions were signed by Bishops Quinn and Campbell, and were only intended to be advisory. This action of the conference was made known to the custodians of the fund in St. Louis, but th«y declined to be influenced by it, except in pro- portion as its members might be able to produce evi- dence that they were contributors. The custodians of the fund at St. Louis also stated that they had pledged it to the National Lincoln Monument Association at Washington City, of which the Hon. James Harlan, United States Senator from Iowa, is President. The condition upon which it was appropriated to that Asso- 186 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, ciation was, that it should adopt so much of Miss Hos- mer's design as would make the crowning part of the Monument. The money was to be used for that j)ur- pose when the body of the Monument was built up to a proper height to receive it, and not until that time. From the time ground was broken in the autumn of 1869, until the spring of 1871, the structure arose steadily and quietly, and the work, both on the Monu- ment and statue, was so far advanced that the Associa- tion began to prepare for some public demonstration connected with the enterprise, Avithout waiting for the four groups of statuary. On the eleventh day of May, at the sixth annual meeting of the Association, a com- mittee was raised consisting of President Oglesby, D. L. Phillips, J. C. Conkling, Newton Bateman and S. PI. Treat, to make the necessary preparations. They were expected to visit Chicopee, Massachusetts, and "examine the Statue of Lincoln and the Coat of Arms, suggest to the Association the name of a suitable per- son to deliver the oration upon the occasion of the un- veiling of the Statue when placed upon the Monument, and to select and suggest a day upon which the ceremo- nies should take place." On the nineteenth of July, four days after the death of Thomas Lincoln, at a meeting of the Association, that committee reported progress. A few days after that, Governor Oglesby and Mr. Phillips, of the before mentioned committee, started East. A meeting of the Association was called on the twenty-second of August, to hear the report of the committee, of which the following is the substance : Messrs. Oglesby and Phillips went by the way of Chicago, for the purpose of availing themselves of the counsels — particularly in the selection of an orator — of some of the prominent gentlemen of that city, who had been the personal and political friends of President Lincoln. Upon making their business known to the Hon. J. Young Scammon, Col. James H. Bowen, AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 187 Cliauncey T. Bowen, Esq. and othei'S, they learned that several of these gentlemen, on their visit to Springfield with the remains of Thomas Lincoln, became deeply interested in seeing the monument completed. When the subject was more fully discussed, the committee received what they regarded as ample assurances that Chicago would furnish the means to purchase one of the groups of statuary. They went so far as to select the Infantry Group as the one they would prefer to have placed to the credit of their city. The whole question was left open, with the understanding that whenever the Association desired it, the money would be forth- coming. The committee next visited New York city and called on ex-Governor E. D. Morgan, Hon. Russell Sage, Hon. George Opdyke, Winthrop S. Gilman, Esq. Geo. T. M. Davis, Esq. A. D. Shepherd, Esq. and others, and received assurances that New York would furnish the Naval Group. They left the matter of raising the money there open also, for the reason that it was in the heat of summer, and they were assured that many gen- tlemen who would cheerfully contribute to the fund were then absent. On visiting Boston they called on Governor Claflin, and after a long consultation with him, were gratified to find that he entered heartily into the spirit of the enterprise, and although he declined, alone, to make a positive promise, he assured the committee of his sym- pathy with the movement, and gave it as his opinion that Boston would furnish the means to pay for one of the groups. The committee would have visited Philadelphia but did not think it advisable to go while the weather was so hot, and that it would be better to defer it until winter. On visiting Chicopee the committee found the Coat of Arms finished, and the work on the Statue of Lin- coln in a good state of progress. They took ample time 188 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, to study it, and unhesitatingly pronounce it as perfect a reproduction of Abraham Lincohi as it is possible to transfer from life to inert matter. In their opinion Mr. Mead has proven himself a true artist, in the fact that he has made no eifort to improve on nature. Mr. Lin- coln stooped in the shoulders, just enough to spoil tlie iit of a coat about the breast, and the Statue shows this to perfection. The peculiar contour of the features, the full lower lip, the mole on the cheek, the wrinkles on the forehead, and the nose, unlike any other except Lincoln's, are all faithfully reproduced. His long, bony fingers, as they grasped the Emancipation Procla- mation, and all his other angularities, are brought out with great accuracy. They regard the work a sig- nal success, and think it a fortunate circumstance that the casting and finishing was placed in the hands of the Ames Manufacturing Company. Mr. James T. Ames, as President of that Company, became intimately acquainted with Mr. Lincoln during the four years of the rebellion. His business relations in manufacturing cannon and other arms for the government, led to many personal interviews with the President. His recollec- tion of these events was of great value when he came to finish up the statue, which he seemed to regard more as a labor of love and patriotism, than a mere matter of business. It appeared to them as if the work was almost done, but Mr. Ames declined to name a time when it would be completed. Being satisfied that it could not be done and put in jDOsition on the Monument in time to be un- veiled during 1871, the committee did not make a selec- tion of an orator, neither did they name any day for the ceremony of unveiling to take place. Although the committee found it inexpedient at that time to do all they were appointed for, they did that which was much more important. They developed the fact that the movement on the part of the people to build a monument to the memory of Abraham Lin- AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 189 coin was i;ot a mere impulse, to be abandoned when the novelty wore away, but that the people are firmly resolved to complete it in all its parts. Thus matters connected with the Monument stood when the great tornado of fire swept over Chicago on the eighth and ninth of October. Hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of property, belonging to the men who had united in pledging the money to purchase the Infantry Group of statuary, were reduced to ashes in a day. . When this great calamity befel the commercial me- tropolis of the Northwest, it was about the close of the building season for 1871. The Monument proper was then nearly completed. The Association had the means to pay all bills for this part of the work, also for the United States Coat of Arms and the Statute of Lin- coln. But the Monument would still lack what was necessary to give vital force to the design of the artist. It would be an apt emblem of our government at the beginning of the great rebellion. The constitution was there as a pedestal, and Abraham Lincoln took his posi- tion upon it. The States were there, but threatening dissolution, and he had neither Infantry, Cavalry, Artil- lery or a Navy, without which he would have been compelled to look on and see them crumble away be- neath his feet. At this juncture the loyal people of America rallied to his support, and placed at his dispo- sal the means necessary to organize all the forces required for the preservation of the government. The members of the Association, when assembled on the twenty-ninth of November, felt that the time had arrived for an earnest appeal to be made to the Ameri- can people, to again furnish the means to organize the Infantry, the Cavalry, the Artillery and the Navy — in bronze — to be marshaled around his Statue, in imitation of the support the loyal people of the nation gave him in its hour of greatest peril. The feeling was unanimous among the members that the magnanimity which always characterized 190 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Abraham Lincoln, should restrain them from hold- ing those gentlemen in Chicago to their promises made before the fire. In consideration of the munifi- cent liberality manifested by them in so many ways when in prosperity, all felt that they should be con- sulted before calling on any other city to take their place in suppljang the Infantry Group. It was decided that, as the initial step to further proceedings. Governor Oglesl)y should visit Chicago and ascertain their feel- ings on the subject. After spending a day or two there, the Governor wrote a letter to the Hon. O. M. Hatch, Secretary of the Association. The letter was dated Chciago, Dec. 8, and when it was received Mr. Hatch informed Vice President Dubois, who called a meeting Dec. 11, 1871, for the purpose of hearing a report from the Governor. He said that at an interview with the Hon. J. Young Scammon, he opened the conversation about the future j)urposes of the Association, and suggested that it might be under the necessity of calling upon some other city to take the place of Chicago in supplying one of the groups of statuary. Mr. Scammon said he thought not, and inquired into the terms of the contract with the sculptor, as to the time of payments. The Governor informed him that one-third of the price was to be paid when the order was given for the work to proceed ; but then added very explicitly, that the Association did not, under the present circumstances, expect Chicago to contribute anything, and assured him of the pro- found regret felt by the members at the necessity of looking somewhere else for the Infantry Group. Mr. Scammon said he thought that unnecessary, and then to the surprise and gratification of the Governor, pro- ceeded to say : " Your Association may give Mr. Mead the order to proceed at once to prepare the cast for the Infantry Group, and I will furnish you in casli one- third of the $13,700 ; and I think by the time the sec- ond payment becomes due, we shall be able to meet AND THE NATIONATj LINCOLN MONUMENT. 191 that and the last also." The Governor conferred with Mr. Chauncey T. Bowen, and other gentlemen, who heartily approved of the action of Mr. Scammon, and expressed the determination of Chicago to have one of the groups if no other city did so. One of the rules of the Association is, never to order any work until they have the money in hand to pay the whole amount ; but the Governor recommended a deviation from that rule in the case of Chicago. The other members adopted his views, and on motion of Dr. S. H. IMelvin, it was "Resolved: Tliat, in consideration of tlie jii'oposition — mag- iianimons under tlie civcumstances — made by the Hon. J. Young Scammon to President Oglesby, as detailed in his letter just read, the Executive Committee be, and they are hereby directed to re- qaest or order Mr. Mead to proceed to execute the work upon the Infantrj' Group, and prepare the same for the Monument, as stipu- lated and contemplated in his contract with the Association." The following order was then issued, with instruc- tions to Mr. Mead to draw on Mr. Scammon for $4566.661 : Sprinsfield, III. U. S. A. Dec. 11, A. D. 1871. Mr. Lnrkiti Q-. Mead, Floiibnce, Italy. Sir — Yon are hereby directed to proceed to the construction of the Infantry Group for the National Lincoln Monument, as speci- fied in your contract witlx the Association, this order being given upon a resolution of the Association, a copy of which is h-erewitli transmitted. Respectfully yours, John T. Sttjart, ) .loHN Williams, [■ Executive Committee. Jacob Bunn, ) Ex-Governor Oglesby and D. L. Phillips, of the committee appointed May, 1871, again started east via Chicago about the eighth of February, 1872, for the purpose of completing their labors and of enlisting the patriotic citizens of some of the eastern cities in the 192 THE GEE AT FUNERAL COETEGE, laudable work of supplying the means to secure the remaining groups of Statuary, and to make arrange- ments for having the Statue of Lincoln placed upon the Monument when completed ; also, to secure the consent of some distinguished American citizen to deliver the oration on that occasion. At a meeting of the Association on the fourteenth of March, the comtnittee made their report, of which the following is tlie substance : One or both of them vis- ited New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicopee, Albany and Auburn. At New York, Boston and Philadelphia, each, they received positive assurances from gentlemen eminent for their love of country, that the money would be raised to pay for a group of statuary. At each place the parties giving this assurance had a book prepared for recording one hundred and thirty-seven subscrip- tions, of one hundred dollars each, making $13,700, the amount required. When the subscriptions are completed, the books are to be forwarded to Springfield and placed in Memorial Hall, as an additional attrac- tion to the contributors, or their friends, when visiting the Monument. The Cavalry Group was assigned to Boston, and the assurances that the money will be raised are supported by such names as ex-Gov. Clafl.in, Nathaniel Thayer, Alpheus Hardy, J. Wiley Edmonds, Horatio Harrison and others. New York being the largest seaport in the United States, the Naval Group was very appropriately assigned to that city. The assurance that the money will be raised for this group is supported by ex-Gov. E. D. Morgan, Eussel Sage, Col. G. T. M. Davis and Win- throp S. Gilman. At Philadelphia some parties proposed raising the $13,700 by subscriptions of $luOO each, but it was finally decided to adopt the plan pursued at New York and Boston. The following are the names of some of the parties who warmly seconded the movement, upon AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 193 the object being presented by Gov. Oglesby, who vis- ited Philadelphia alone. Col. John W. Forney, Moi"- ton McMichael, G. W. Childs, Henry Carey, Mr. Comly the Collector of Customs, and James L. Clag- horn. Pennsylvania being the largest iron producing State in the Union, and Pittsburg the city where the great- est quantity of heavy ordnance was manufactured dur- ing the war to suppress the rebellion, it seemed appro- priate for the commercial metropolis of that State to furnish the Artillery Group, and the proposition made by Gov. Oglesby that this should be done, was very heartily acceded to by the gentlemen above named. Now, having all the groups provided for, the Asso- ciation has no further anxiety about the means to com- plete the Monument in all its parts. Those three cities will doubtless vie with each other in seeing which shall be first to fill its quota. As soon as the money is in the treasury, the Association will order the work to proceed on those three groups, and as the order for the Infantry has so recently been given, the artist will probably carry forward the work on all four at the same time. The committee once more visited Chicopee, Massa- chusetts, and report that the statue of Lincoln will be done before the middle of summer, ready to ship to Springfield. Previous to the departure of the committee, the feel- ing was almost unanimously expressed by the members of the Association and others that, in view of the histor- ical associations connected with the death of President Lincoln, and the attempt to assassinate his Secretary of State, it would be eminently proper that he should take the leading part in the approaching demonstration at the. tomb of the former. With the view of making such arrangements as would lead to the consummation of the wishes of the Association, Gov. Oglesby visited Auburn, New York, on the seventh of March, and on 13 194 THE GEEAT EUNEEAL COETEGE, behalf of the Association, extended to the Hon. Wil- liam H. Seward an invitation to visit Springfield and deliver the oration at the unveiling of the statue of Lincoln. After taking one whole day to consider the matter, and consult with his physician and family, Mr. Sewanl felt compelled to decline the invitation on ac- count of the precarious condition of his health. The Association has not yet named a day for the unveiling of the statue, and probably will not do so until they know the exact time at which it will be completed ; but when the day is fixed and the orator selected, it will be published in the papers a sufficient time before-hand for visitors to be present from all parts of the United States. Mr. Phillips visited Albany and received assurances from Lieut. Gov. Thos. G. Alvord, Mr. Speaker Smith and other gentlemen officially connected with the State government, that the $10,000 appropriation which had been made by that State and lapsed, would be renewed, and that the Association should have the money. The following financial statement of the National Lincoln Monument Fund was made by the treasurer, Hon. James H. Beveridge, Feb. 15, 1872. The general contributions to the National Lincoln Monument Fund amount to $170,653.73 Special contribution by Hon. D. Davis for grading grounds 500.00 Special contribution, balance Sanitary fund, for Sol- diers' Monumental Slab 500.00 Total receipts |171,653.73 The expenditures have been as follows : Paid Larkin G. Mead for design and for statuary $ 13,166.66 Paid and due contractor for the Monument 136,550.00 Paid contractor for additional work 1,000.00 Paid for laying out and grading grounds and for steps 575.00 AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT, 195 Paid for temporary vault 1,618.97 printing, advertising and stationery 1,615.85 cleric hire, mailing circulars and recording the names of Sabbath School donors. . . 1,443.40 traveling expenses ag'ts soliciting donations. 1,787.10 engravings of Monument for Sunday School donors 932.00 Soldiers'Monumental Slab 500.00 express, postage and other incidental expenses 2,048.43 Due Larkin G. Mead on Statue of Lincoln and Coat of Arms, when delivered, 9,133.33 Total expenditures $169,359.74 Balance 3,293.98 It will thus be seen that the Association has the means to complete every part of the Monument proper, and leave a balance in the treasury of $2292.98, to go towards the grading and ornamentation of the grounds. There is yet much work to be done on the grounds, and the present board of directors are desirous of laying the foundation for a permanent fund, that will yield sufficient income to take care of the Monument and grounds, and keep all in repair perpetually. The effort to build a Monument to the memory of the illustrious patriot Abraham Lincoln, has thus proved a grand success, and although it is not as large as it was at first intended that it should be, it is really a mag- nificent structure, far surpassing every other work of the kind on the American continent. For beauty of design it is unique. In fact, there is nothing that ap- proaches it in this country, and gentlemen who have traveled extensively in Europe, say they have seen nothing to equal it there. For all coming time it will be a shrine at which patriots will delight to renew their vows to truth, justice and liberty. 196 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, Since the foregoing was written, the following letter has been received ; it needs no explanation : New Tokk, March 13, 1872. Son. R. J. Oglesby, Decatuk, III. jNIy Dear Governor — ^I have been at work since Thursday last, upon the matter of obtaining the autographs of one liuudred and tliirty-seven of our citizens, for the purpose of contributing one of the Bronze Groups for the monument to Abraliam Lincoln. I have gone far enough to enable me to assure you, and the Asso- ciation represented by you, that I am certain to be successful — so certain that I will be responsible for raising the sum of thirteen thousand seven hundred dollars, being the amount necessarj^ to pay for the group representing the Navy. Each autograph on my book means a check for $100, and it may be until the middle of April before the matter will be complete, and the certificate of deposit in the United States Trust Co. forwarded to you. There- fore, that no time should be lost in ordering the modeling to be done by the artist, (Mr. Mead), I want you to advise him and get liim to work witJiout delay. My subscribers are all chosen, and none refuse, while many thank me for giving them the prvilege ;. and yet, time is required to see so many gentlemen. Some are not in town, and others not always at their place of business when I call ; but be assured that success is certain, and that there ought not to be any delay in forwarding the order. The artist may get engaged in some other heavy work. I am very truly yours, E. D. MORGAN. The letter was transmitted by President Oglesby to Secretary Hatch, with instructions to call a meeting at once. The meeting was called March 22. When the Association was convened, and the letter read, the following resolution was unanimously adopted : Besolved: That in consideration of the letter ft-om Hon. E. D. ^Morgan, just read, we hereby request and direct Larkin G. Mead Esq. to proceed witliout delay, to prepare and construct the Naval Group for the Monument, as contemplated and specified in his AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 197 contract with this Association, and draw upon them for one-third of thirteen thousand seven hundred dollars. The Secretary is hereby directed to cause to be transmitted to Mr. Mead a copy of this order. The order was at once forwarded to the artist at Florence^^ Italy. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 199 CHAPTER XXI. OAK RIDGE CEMETERY. When Springfield was only a village, four acres of land about half a mile west of the old State House was donated by Elijah lies for a " grave yard/' and a few years later another was laid out immediately west of it, called Hutchinson Cemetery. It consisted of about four acres also, and was regularly laid out. Lots were sold, and considerable effort made to or- nament the grouuds. As the town emerged from its village condition and manifested signs of larger groAvth, it became evident that some other arrangement should be made for the burial of the dead. With this object in view, Alderman Charles H. Lanphier, on the twenty- eighth of May, 1855, introduced the subject of pur- chasing land for a permanent grave yard outside the city limits. After it was decided by the city council to purchase grounds for the purpose designated, two sites were pro- posed, and on bringing the subject of location to a vote, it was found that the aldermen were equally di- vided. Gen. John Cook, then and now of Springfield, was mayor of the city. The position of the aldermen threw the responsibility of giving the casting vote on the mayor. The friends of the successful locality awarded to Mayor Cook the honor of naming the ground, and he called it Oak Ridge Cemetery. On the fourth of June the city received of A. G. Herndon and wife, a deed to a fraction less than seventeen acres of land, for which it paid three hundred and fifty dollars. On the fourteenth of May, 1856, eleven and a half acres 200 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, more were purchased as an addition to the cemetery. At the same time — May 14, 1856 — an ordinance was passed by the city council prohihjjting interments, in the old town grave yard, and forbidding the enlarge- ment of any cemetery within half a mile of the city limits, which latter provision could only apply to Hutchinson Cemetery. An additional ordinance was passed at the same time, setting apart the twenty-eight and a half acres as a place of burial for the dead, un- der the name given it by mayor Cook. The cemetery was enclosed with a substantial fence at the expense of the city, and for two or three years it was used as a place of burial for the poor only. There being no sexton, parties dug graves wherever they pleased, of which there was no record preserved. On the eighteenth of April, 1858, and from that time, a register has been kept of all the interments. The grounds began to present a more orderly appearance, but it required a great amount of labor to remove the un- der-brush. Up to this time the ground was directly under the control of the city authorities, but it was thought desirable to identify lot owners more closely with it, and make them, to some ■ extent, responsible for its management. In 1859 the Legislature was ap- plied to for some charter amendments, which were granted, authorizing the city council to elect annually a board of five managers, each one of whom should be a lot owner, and whose duty it should be to take charge of all the funds set apart for the use of the cemetery, and direct all the improvements in the grounds. On the nineteenth of March, 1860, the first selection of managers took place, and on the ninth of Aj)ril the board organized and entered upon the discharge of the duties assigned them. On the twenty-sixth of that month, the board resolved to set apart the twenty-fourth of May for the purpose of consecrating and dedicating the grounds of Oak Ridge Cemetery for the exclusive purpose of a burial place for the dead. The eighth AXD THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 201 day of May, a meeting was held, consisting of the managers, a committee of the city council and the clergymen of the city, to make arrangements for the ceremonies. On the twenty-fourth, a procession was formed and marched to the cemetery, where the exer- cises took place. They consisted of singing, prayer, instrumental music, an oration by the Hon. J. C. Conkling, and the formal dedication by the Hon. G. A. Sutton, mayor of the city. Upon the recommendations of the board of mana- gers, the city continued to make additions to the grounds, so that in 1865 the cemetery consisted of seventy-six and a half acres. Soon after the remains of President Lincoln were deposited in the public vault. May 4, 1865, the city donated six acres of land, or so much of it as might be thought desirable to oc- cupy, to the National Lincoln Monument Association, and it is upon this ground that the Association has erected ths monument. By referring to the map, the form and extent of the grounds may be distinguished by the dark lines a short distance from the monument. It is well to remark here that, although the cemetery contains but seventy -six and a half acres, there are about ninety-seven acres included in the boundaries given on the map, but it is understood that the additions can be made whenever it is thought to be desirable. For several years the city council appropriated one thousand dollars annually to be used in improving the grounds, but in 1866 the revenue from the sale of lots was such that it was not thought to be necessary to continue the appropriations. In order to create a per- manent fund to bring in revenue sufficient to keep up the improvements, the board of managers recommended and the city council set apart two thousand dollars, saved from the sale of lots, as a sinking fund, orrather as an endowment fund, and invested it in bonds bear- ing ten per cent, interest. In 1867, another thousand dollars was added, and additions have since been made, 202 THE GREAT FUNERAL CORTEGE, SO that the cemetery fund now amounts to about four thousand dollars. The four acre plat occvipied by the old grave yard, donated by Elijah lies, reverted to him when it ceased to be used as a place of burial. Mr. lies then deeded it to Springfield in trust for the benefit of Oak Ridge Cemetery. The land is to be divided into lots and sold in the year 1883, and the proceeds of the sales kept as a fund forever, the interest to be used in em- bellishing tlie gi'ounds of Oak Ridge Cemetery. There is a proviso in the deed favorable to the city pui-chas- ing the land in a body to be used as a public park, if it should be thought desirable to do so. With a view to extinguishing Hutchinson Cemetery, the city, in 1866, commenced giving lots in Oak Ridge in exchange for lots of equal size in Hutchinson Ceme- tery, the lot owners there transferring their lots by deed and receiving deeds in Oak Ridge in return. In this way the city has already received the title to more than half of Hutchinson Cemetery, and the time is not far distant when it will receive it all, and then it will be sold and added to the endowment fund of Oak Ridge. The land in these two old cemeteries amounts to about eight acres, and both are near the new State House, where land is rapidly rising in value. By the time they are to be sold, they will bring such prices as to swell the endowment fund of Oak Ridge to such an amount that the grounds can be ornamented in the very highest style and preserved in that condition. The Lincoln Monument grounds being a part of Oak Ridge Cemetery, it is proper to state in this place that, in September, 1871, a citizen of Bloomington con- tributed $500, to be used in grading the grounds around the monument. ;\_nother contribution for the same pur- pose was made under the following circumstances : The Illinois State Sanitary Commission, organized during the war for the suppression of the rebellion, was composed of John P. Reynolds, President ; €ol. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 203 John Williams, Treasurer ; Col. Woods, Robert Irwin, Esq., E. B. Hawley, Esq., and Hon. Wm. Butler. They were all citizens of Springfield at the time, but Mr. Reynolds has removed to Chicago, Col. Woods to Winchester, and Mr. Irwin is deceased. In addition to the sanitary work, the commission attended to the collection of the claims of soldiers against the government. At the close of the war, the services of the commission being no longer necessary in the field, it turned over the claim business in its hands to Col. Woods and Edward J. Eno, now of St. Louis, with the understanding that a certain per cent, of their fees should be paid into the treasuiy of the commission. By this arrangement the commission was enabled to relieve the wants of many widows and fam- ilies of soldiers, and about the close of the war, it do- nated $5000 to the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Spring- field, before the State commenced providing for that class of sufferers. More funds accumulated, which remained in the treasury until January 1, 1872. At that time it amounted to $2459.83. By a resolution of the com- mission, the whole amount was placed in the treasury of the National Lincoln Monument Association, to be expended in embellishing the grouuds. The resolu- tion contains a proviso that not less than $500 were to be used in erecting a slab or shaft on the monument grounds, which is to contain the names of the Union soldiers buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery. This leaves $1959.83 for ornamenting the grounds. This work is under the superintendence of Mr. Samuel Hood, the warden of the cemetery, who is an experienced landscape gardener. Mr. Hood became sexton or warden of the cemetery in the spring of 1867. His books show the total number of interments from the beginning of the register, in 1858, to the first of January, 1872, to be 2134, removals from Hutchinson Cemetery 319, and removals from other places 133, making a total of 204 THE GREAT FUNEEAL CORTEGE, 2586. The i-emains of Governor Ninian Edwards, the first territorial governor of Illinois, were removed from Hutchinson to Oak Eidge, October 30, 1866. Gover- nor William H. Bissell, who died in office in 1860, was buried in Hutchinson Cemetery. A very fine monument, at a cost of $5000 to the State of Illinois, was erected to his memory in Oak Ridge, under the supervision of Hon. Jesse K. Dubois and Hon. O. M. Hatch, who filled the offices of Secretary and Auditor of State while he was Governor. The remains of the Governor and his wife were removed to Oak Ridge, with imposing demonstrations and an oration by Gov- ernor Palmer, May 30, 1871. A fine marble shaft stands in a conspicuous place over the remains of General Isham N. Haynie, who died while he was Adjutant General of Illinois. Twenty-one other Union soldiers are buried in different parts of the grounds. Oak Ridge Cemetery is situated near the northwest corner of the city of Springfield, and is one and a half miles due north of the new State House. A deep ra- vine runs from east to west through the cemetery, di- viding it into almost equal parts. The original ceme- tery was altogether north of this ravine, and for that reason the oldest and best improvements are in that part of the grounds. The entrance to the original cemetery is at the east side, from the northern exten- sion of Third street, the gate being just north of the ravine. By consulting the map, the reader will ob- serve that the entrance is by a wide avenue that branches off in various directions so as to extend over all the northern part of the cemetery. The map also shows that the south entrance is nearer the city than that on the east. Funerals, and parties visiting the cemetery in carriages, usually enter at the south gate, while those who wish to visit the monument and other parts of the cemetery on foot go out Fifth street on the City railway, to the railway park, which is seen on the east side of the map. AND THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. 205 Going due west from the east gate, you are soon on the south side of the ravine, which brings you to the receiving tomb, where tlie remains of Abraham Lin- coln were placed May 4, 1865. It is a solid stone structure, built in the south bank and faces north. About fifty yards southeast of this vault, and about half way to the top of the bluff, stood the tomb wliich was built for the temporary sepulture of the remains of the President, and in which they rested from De- cember 21, 1865, until September 1871, when they were removed into the monument. After their last removal, the tomb vacated was torn down and the ground where it stood graded down about fifteen feet, as previously stated. The relative position of the re- ceiving vault, the temporary tomb and the monument is all shown on the map. Just east of the monument there is a new avenue, beautifully graded and grav- eled. Following that south leads to the south gate, at the northern extension of Second street, which, at that point, is called Monument avenue. For a cemetery so new, and for a city of such lim- ited population, the improvements are unusually good. The grounds, naturally beautiful, have been very much improved by art, and are susceptible of the highest ornamentation. The great attraction that will draw visitors from all parts of the world for all coming time, is the Mausoleum containing the remains of the martyred President. =1 AREA97lf- ACRES BOARD OF MANAGERS OF OAK RIDGE CEMETERY. Hon. S. T. Logan, Pres't. Dk. H. Wohlgemuth, V.Pres. Obed Lewis, Esq. 2. B. Hawley, Esq. Hon. John T. Stuart. Harry C. Watson. Sec'y. L. DORLAN, Civil Engineer and Surveyor. ■;. ^'- ri.'i