F 
 A3 
 
 CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
Cornell University Library 
 F 232A3 W89 
 
 Albemarle County in Virginia: giving som 
 
 olin 
 
 3 1924 028 785 703 
 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028785703 
 
ALBEMARLE 
 COUNTY 
 
 IN VIRGIMIJ} 
 
 Giving some account of "wKat it was 
 by nature, of wKat it "was made by 
 man, and of some of the men who 
 made it. 
 
 By Rev. Edgar >Voods 
 
 ';HARLC>ri--~3VlL 
 
 " It is a solemn and toucHin^ reflection, perpetiaall^ recurring, 
 of tHe -weaKness and insignificance of man, tKat "wHile his 
 ^fenerations pass a-way into obli'vion, -witK all tHeir toils and 
 ambitions, nat\ire Holds on. Her un:v!aryin^ course, and poxirs 
 out Her streams and renevrs Her forests -witH undecayin^ 
 activity, regardless of tHe fate of Her proud and perisHable 
 Sovereign. ' '^Jeffrey, 
 
 
Copyrig-ht 1901 by Edgrar Woods. 
 
 
 The Michie Company, Printers, 
 
 Chariottesville, Va. 
 
 1901. 
 
 \\"^ 
 
 rvibv^ 
 
 / r K^\ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 An examination of the records of the county for some in- 
 formation, awakened curiosity in regard to its early settle- 
 ment, and gradually led to a more extensive search. The 
 iruits of this labor, it was thought, might be worthy of notice, 
 and productive of pleasure, on a wider scale. 
 
 There is a strong desire in most men to know who were 
 their forefathers, whence they came, where they lived, and 
 how they were occupied during their earthly sojourn. This 
 desire is natural, apart from the requirements of business, or 
 the promptings of vanity. The same inquisitiveness is felt 
 in regard to places. Who first entered the farms that checker 
 the surrounding landscape, cut down the forests that once 
 covered it, and built the habitations scattered over its bosom? 
 With the young, who are absorbed in the engagements of 
 the present and the hopes of the future, this feeling may not act 
 with much energy ; but as they advance in life, their thoughts 
 turn back with growing persistency to the past, and they 
 begin to start questions which perhaps there is no means of 
 answering. How many there are who long to ascertain the 
 name of some ancestor, or some family connection, but the 
 only person in whose breast the coveted knowledge was 
 lodged, has gone beyond the reach of all inquiry. How many 
 interesting facts of personal or domestic concern could have 
 been communicated by a parent or grandparent, but their 
 story not being told at the opportune season, they have gone 
 down irrecoverably in the gulf of oblivion. 
 
 Public affairs are abundantly recorded. Not only are they 
 set forth in the countless journals of the day, but scores of 
 ready pens are waiting to embody them in, more permanent 
 form in histories of our own times. Private events — those 
 connected with individuals and families — are less frequently 
 committed to writing. They may descend by tradition 
 through one or two generations, and then perish forever 
 
IV PREFACE 
 
 from the memory of mankind. Some general facts may be 
 found in local records ; but memorials of this kind are dry 
 and monotonous in their nature, and never resorted to by 
 ordinary readers. Their contents are soon lost sight of 
 except by the antiquarian, or by those who are compelled 
 by professional duty to unearth them from the forgotten past. 
 
 Such considerations induced the collection of the facts 
 compiled in this volume. They were taken mainly from the 
 county archives ; in cases where they were derived from tradi- 
 tion, or where suggestions were made from conjecture, it is 
 generally so stated. Except in a few particulars, the narra- 
 tive was not designed to extend to the present generation. 
 
 Some matters that may be of interest to many, may be 
 found in the appendix. To some now living in the county, 
 and to others descended from those who once lived in it, the 
 long list of names therein inscribed may show in some meas- 
 ure how their ancestors were employed, whither their wander- 
 ings led, or at what time they passed away from the present 
 scene of action. 
 
 July 1st, 1900. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 The settlement of Virginia was a slow and gradual pro- 
 cess. Plantations were for the most part opened on the 
 water courses, extending along the banks of the James, and 
 on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. 
 It was more than a century after the landing at Jamestown 
 before white men made the passage of the Blue Ridge. As 
 soon as that event was noised abroad, it was speedily fol- 
 lowed up, and in the space of the next twenty years the tide 
 of population had touched the interior portions of the colony, 
 one stream pushing westward from the sea coast, and 
 another rolling up the Shenandoah Valley from the wilds of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Besides the restless spirit animating the first settlers, the 
 occupation of the country was hastened by the rage for spec- 
 ulation. The laws of the colony allotted fifty acres for 
 every person transported into its territory ; and men of 
 wealth, in addition to availing themselves of this provision, 
 largely invested their means in the purchase of land. While 
 the wilderness was thus peopled, the institutions of civil 
 government did not linger far behind. As growing numbers 
 reached the frontiers, and were removed a great distance 
 from the seats of justice and trade, these necessities of 
 civilized life were soon established. One by one, the older 
 counties were cut in two, the limits of the new ones stretch- 
 ing westward as far as the limits of the colony itself. Those 
 recently formed were at first represented by public buildings 
 made of logs, and by the scattered clearings and cabins of 
 the pioneers ; but men of knowledge and experience were 
 always at hand to hold the reins of government and admin- 
 ister the laws. At once the courthouse was erected, and the 
 power of the magistrate exerted to preserve peace and order 
 in the community. 
 
 The county of Goochland was formed in 1727, a little 
 more than ten years after Gov. Spotswood's expedition to 
 the Blue Ridge. The first settlements within the present 
 
2 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI,E 
 
 bounds of Albemarle were made while they were still parts 
 of that county and Hanover. They ascended the courses 
 of the South Anna, the James, the Rivanna and the Hard- 
 ware, and were met by others proceeding from the foot of 
 the Blue Ridge, and planted by immigrants who had come 
 up the Valley, and crossed that mountain at Woods' Gap. 
 
 The first patents were taken out on June 16, 1727. On 
 that day George Hoomes obtained a grant of thirty-one 
 hundred acres "on the far side of the mountains called Ches- 
 nut, and said to be on the line between Hanover and Spot- 
 sylvania," and Nicholas Meriwether a grant of thirteen 
 thousand seven hundred and sixty-two acres "at the first 
 ledge of mountains called Chesnut," and said to be on the 
 same line. That was the first appropriation of the virgin 
 soil of Albemarle, as it is at present. These locations 
 occurred in the line of the South Anna River, up which the 
 increasing population had been slowly creeping for a number 
 of years. The patent to Nicholas Meriwether included the 
 present seat of Castle Hill, and the boundaries of the Grant, 
 as it was termed by way of eminence, were marks of great 
 notoriety to surveyors, and others interested in the descrip- 
 tion of adjacent lands, for a long period afterwards. 
 
 The next patent for twenty -six hundred acres was obtained 
 nearly two years later by Dr. George Nicholas. This land 
 was situated on James River, and included the present village 
 of Warren. In the year following, 1730, five additional 
 patents were issued : one to Allen Howard for four hundred 
 acres on James River, on both sides of the Rockfish at its 
 mouth ; one to Thomas Carr for twenty-eight hundred acres 
 on the Rivanna at the junction of its forks, and up along the 
 north fork ; one to Charles Hudson for two thousand acres 
 on both sides of the Hardware, the beginning evidently of 
 the Hudson plantations below Carter's Bridge; one to 
 Secretary John Carter for nine thousand three hundred and 
 fifty acres "on the Great Mountain on Hardware in the fork 
 of the James," and to this day called Carter's Mountain; 
 and one to Francis Eppes, the grandfather of Mr. Jefferson's 
 son-in-law of the same name, for six thousand four hundred 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 3 
 
 acres "on the branches of the Hardware, Rockfish, and 
 other branches of the James" — one of the branches of Hard- 
 ware being still known as Eppes Creek. The same year 
 Nicholas Meriwether located four thousand one hundred and 
 ninety acres more, adjoining his former tract, and running 
 over the South West Mountain on Turkey Run, taking out 
 an inclusive patent for seventeen thousand nine hundred and 
 fifty-two acres in one body. From the recital of this patent, 
 it appears that Christopher Clark was associated in the first 
 grant, although it was made out to Nicholas Meriwether 
 alone. 
 
 In 1731 only three patents were obtained within the present 
 county : one by Charles lyewis for twelve hundred acres on 
 both sides of the Rivanna, at the mouth of Buck Island 
 Creek ; one by Charles Hudson for five hundred and forty 
 acres on the west side of Carter's Mountain; and one by 
 Major Thomas Carr for two thousand acres "on the back 
 side of the Chesnut Mountains." Several other patents were 
 taken out the same year along the Rivanna within the present 
 limits of Fluvanna County, one of which was by Martin 
 King, whose name is still kept in remembrance in connection 
 with the road which runs from Woodridge to the Union 
 Mills, where was a ford also called by his name. 
 
 In 1732 were made eight grants, still confined to the James 
 River, and the western base of the South West Mountain. 
 One of these was made to Thomas Goolsby for twelve hun- 
 dred acres "on the north side of the Fluvanna," that is, the 
 James ; another in the same region to Fdward Scott for five 
 hundred and fifty acres "at a place called Totier;" another 
 for four hundred acres to John Key, the head of a family 
 which subsequently owned all the land between the South 
 West Mountain and the river from EJdgemont to the bend 
 below the Free Bridge ; and another to Dr. Arthur Hopkins 
 for four hundred acres "on the south side of the Rivanna, 
 running to the mouth of a creek below Red Bank Falls, 
 called I^ewis' Creek." This last entry included the site of 
 the future town of Milton. 
 
 Only four patents were taken out in 1733. None of them 
 
4 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 reached further west than the west bank of the Rivanna under 
 the shadow of the South West Mountain. One was obtained 
 by Charles I^ynchfor eight hundred acres, which extended up 
 the Rivanna from the mouth of Moore's Creek, and included 
 the plantation of Pen Park. 
 
 In 1734 thirteen grants were made. These were mainly 
 located near the bases of the South West Mountain on the 
 Rivanna and Mechunk. One was obtained by Henry Wood, 
 the first clerk of Goochland, and great grandfather of V. W. 
 Southall, for two hundred acres on the south side of the 
 Rivanna at the mouth of Buck Island Creek, increased subse- 
 quently to nearly three thousand in different tracts ; and 
 another by Edwin Hickman, Joseph Smith, Thomas Graves 
 and Jonathan Clark for three thousand two hundred and sev- 
 enty-seven acres on the north side of the Rivanna, running 
 down from Captain MacMurdo's place and embracing the 
 estates of Pantops and Lego. Another formed a notable 
 exception to what had hitherto been the rule. It was the 
 first to leave the streams, and strike out towards the middle 
 of the county. It was obtained by Joel Terrell and David 
 I/ewis for twenty-three hundred acres, and shortly after for 
 seven hundred more, lying on both sides of the Three Notched 
 Road and extending from I,ewis's Mountain, which it in- 
 cluded, to a point near the D. S. The Birdwood plantation 
 was comprehended in this tract. 
 
 From this time the county was settled with greater rapid- 
 ity. Most of the entries thus far noted were made in large 
 quantities, and by wealthy men for the purpose of specula- 
 tion. Few of those who have been mentioned occupied their 
 lands, at least in the first instance. They made the clearings 
 and entered upon the cultivation which the law required in 
 order to perfect their titles, but it was done either by tenants, 
 or by their own servants, whom they established in "quar- 
 ters." Now, however, a new order of things began. Grants 
 were more frequently obtained in smaller amounts by persons 
 who left the older districts with the design of permanently 
 residing in the new country. Accordingly in 1735 the num- 
 ber of patents rose to twenty-nine. Not that this number 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 5 
 
 was constantly maintained ; in some years, on the contrary, 
 it greatly diminished. The population of the colony was yet 
 comparatively sparse. The whole Piedmont region, and the 
 fertile plains of the Valley were simultaneously opened, and 
 held out strong inducements to settlers; and at the same 
 time, inviting sections in the western portions of North and 
 South Carolina were presented in glowing colors before the 
 public eye, and soon drew largely on the multitudes given to 
 change. Still the county steadily filled up. Patents were 
 taken out this year on Green Creek in its southern part, on 
 the south fork of Hardware near the Cove, on the south fork 
 of the Rivanna, on Meadow Creek, on Ivy Creek, and on 
 Priddy's and Buck Mountain Creeks in the north. Among 
 the patentees were John Henry, father of the famous orator, 
 to whom were granted twelve hundred and fifty acres situated 
 on tributaries of the south fork of the Rivanna called Henry, 
 Naked and Fishing Creeks, the same land afterwards owned 
 by the Michies southwest of Earlysville ; William Randolph, 
 who was granted twenty-four hundred acres on the north side 
 of the Rivanna and Mountain Palls Creek, including the 
 present Shadwell and pdge Hill ; Nicholas Meriwether, who 
 Was granted a thousand and twenty acres west of the 
 Rivanna, embracing the plantation known as the Farm; 
 Peter Jefferson, who was granted a thousand acres on the 
 south side of the Rivanna, including Tufton; Abraham 
 I<ewis, who was granted eight hundred acres on the east side 
 of I^ewis's Mountain, then called Piney Mountain, including 
 the present lands of the University ; Thomas Moorman, who 
 was granted six hundred and fifty acres, extending from the 
 branches of Meadow Creek to the south fork of the Rivanna, 
 "including the Indian Grave low grounds ;" Michael Hol- 
 land, who was granted four thousand seven hundred and 
 fifty-three acres on both sides of Ivy Creek, including the 
 present Farmington estate; and Charles Hudson, who was 
 granted two thousand acres on Ivy Creek adjoining the 
 Holland tract, and lying southwest of Ivy Depot. 
 
 In 1736 Robert Ivcwis obtained a patent for four thousand 
 and thirty acres on the north fork of Hardware in the North 
 Garden. 
 
6 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI.B 
 
 Nineteen patents were taken out in 1737. Michael Woods, 
 his son Archibald, and his son-in-law, William Wallace, 
 secured grants for more than thirteen hundred acres on 
 Ivickinghole, Mechum's River and Beaver Creek, embracing 
 the present Mechum's Depot and Blair Park. The same day 
 Michael Woods purchased the two thousand acre patent of 
 Charles Hudson on Ivy Creek. These transactions took 
 place at Goochland C. H., or more likely at Williamsburg; 
 and this fact lends probability to the tradition that the Woods 
 settlement occurred at the mouth of Woods's Gap in 1734. 
 Crossing from the Valley into an unbroken forest, as Michael 
 Woods did, it is almost certain that he made a clearing and 
 built a cabin, and thus established his right to the estate the 
 law gave, before he set himself to acquire a knowledge of the 
 surrounding country and its owners, and to make large pur- 
 chases. The axe had commenced to resound amidst the 
 deep solitudes at the foot of the Blue Ridge, while yet no 
 white settler had gone beyond the Rivanna at the South 
 West Mountain. The same year, 1737, Henry Terrell, of 
 Caroline, obtained a grant of seventeen hundred and fifty 
 acres on the head waters of Mechums, including the present 
 village of Batesville. As a suggestion of special interest, it 
 may be mentioned that in October of that year a William 
 Taylor patented twelve hundred acres lying on both sides of 
 Moore's Creek. It can scarcely be questioned, that this was 
 the tract of land which in process of time passed into the 
 hands of Colonel Richard Randolph, which was sold by him to 
 the county, and on which was laid out in 1762 the new 
 county seat of Charlottesville. 
 
 It was not until 1739 that the first patent was located on 
 Moorman's River. David Mills was by that instrument of 
 writing granted twenty eight-hundred and fifty acres on its 
 north fork. Two years later Dennis Doyle obtained the grant 
 of eight hundred acres on the same stream, and from him 
 was derived the name it has borne ever since. The same 
 year, 1741, Thomas Moorman patented seven hundred and 
 fifty acres lower down the main river, and as often as men 
 now speak of it, they perpetuate the memory of his name. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 7 
 
 All sections of the county had at that time been occupied in 
 some degree, and the work of laying claim to its unappropri- 
 ated lands constantly progressed from year to year. As 
 late however as 1796, Matthew Gambell procured the grant 
 of twenty five thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight acres 
 lying in Albemarle, Orange and Rockingham Counties near 
 Seamond's Gap; and still later in 1798, John Davidson, 
 who subsequently removed to Hardin County, Ky., took out 
 a patent for eighteen hundred and seventy-seven acres on 
 Buck's Elbow. 
 
 Reference has been made to the entry of bodies of land 
 extending over a wide area. It may be further stated, that 
 Major Thomas Carr patented altogether upwards of five 
 thousand acres; George Webb, of Charles City, in 1737 
 upwards of seven thousand, near a mountain north of Ear- 
 lysville still called by his name ; Secretary John Carter in 
 1738, ten thousand within the present limits of Amherst; 
 John Chiswell in 1739, nearly thirty thousand on Rockfish 
 River, mainly within the present bounds of Nelson; William 
 Robertson in 1739, more than six thousand on Naked and 
 Buck Mountain Creeks; Robert I^ewis in 1740, more than 
 six thousand on Ivy Creek; Ambrose Joshua Smith in 1741, 
 more than four thousand on Priddy's Creek ; Samuel Garlick, 
 of Caroline, in 1741 and 1746, thirty -six hundred on Buck 
 Mountain Creek ; Rev. Robert Rose in 1744, more than thirty- 
 three thousand within the present counties of Amherst and 
 Nelson; Rev. William Stith, President of William and 
 Mary, from 1740 to 1755, nearly three thousand, and Dr. 
 Arthur Hopkins in 1748 and 1765, nearly four thousand, 
 on Totier and Ballenger's Creeks; and Allen Howard in 
 1742, more than two thousand on the lower waters of Rock- 
 fish. 
 
 Mr. Jefferson, in a brief sketch of his family, wrote of his 
 father, "He was the third or fourth settler, about the year 
 1737, of the part of the county in which I live." 
 
 The act establishing the county of Albemarle was passed 
 by the I^egislature in September. 1744. It ordained its 
 existence to begin from the first of January, 1745 ; and the 
 
8 HISTORY OF ALBEMARI.E 
 
 reason alleged for its formation was the "divers inconven- 
 iences attending the upper inhabitants of Goochland by rea- 
 son of their great distance from the courthouse, and other 
 places usually appointed for public meetings. ' ' The dividing 
 lines were directed to run from the point of fork of James 
 River — that is, from the mouth of the Rivanna, where Col- 
 umbia now stands — north thirty degrees east to the I^ouisa 
 line, and from the same point a direct course to Brook's 
 Mill, and thence the same course continued to the Appomat- 
 tox River. These boundaries embraced the county of Buck- 
 ingham, parts of Appomattox and Campbell, and the 
 counties of Amherst, Nelson and Fluvanna, the Blue Ridge 
 being the western line. That portion of the present county 
 north of a line running past the mouth of Ivy Creek with the 
 course of north sixty -five degrees west, remained in I<ouisa 
 for sixteen years longer. 
 
 In accordance with a custom already begun of commemo- 
 rating the governors of the Commonwealth, the name of 
 Albemarle was given to the new county, from the title of 
 William Aane Keppel, second Earl of Albemarle, at that 
 time Governor General of the colony. 
 
 The organization took place the fourth Thursday of Feb- 
 ruary, 1745, doubtless on the plantation of Mrs. Scott, near 
 the present Scottsville, where the next court was directed to 
 be held. The commission of the first magistrates was dated 
 the second of the preceding January. Those present were 
 Joshua Fry, Peter Jefferson, Allen Howard, William Cabell, 
 Joseph Thompson and Thomas Ballou. Howard and Cabell 
 administered the oaths to Fry and Jefferson, and they in 
 turn to the others. The oaths taken were those of a Justice 
 of the Peace, and of a Judge of a Court of Chancery, and the 
 Abjuration and Test oaths were subscribed, — the former 
 renouncing allegiance to the House of Stuart, and the latter 
 affirming the receiving of the sacrament according to the 
 rites of the Church of England. William Randolph was 
 appointed Clerk by a commission from Thomas Nelson, 
 Secretary of the Council, and Joseph Thompson, Sheriff, 
 Joshua Fry, Surveyor, and Edmund Gray, King's Attorney, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 9 
 
 by commissions from William Gooch, the Governor ; and all 
 were sworn in. Patrick Napier and Castleton Harper were 
 made Deputy Sheriffs, and Benjamin Harris, Deputy Clerk, 
 the following May. As appears from the Deed Books, John 
 Fleming was also Deputy Clerk. Thomas Turpin was 
 appointed Assistant Surveyor, and John Hunter, Adrian 
 Angle, John Hilton, John Harris, Robert White and Abra- 
 ham Childress, Constables. The civil offices being filled, 
 the military side of the organization was duly constituted. 
 Joshua Fry received the appointment of I^ieutenant of the 
 county, Peter Jefferson of Lieutenant Colonel, and Allen 
 Howard of Major. William Cabell, Joseph Thompson, 
 Charles Lynch, Thomas Ballou, David Lewis, James Daniel, 
 James Nevel, and James Martin were sworn as Captains. 
 Charles Lynch, Edwin Hickman and James Daniel having 
 been named magistrates, were subsequently inducted into 
 office by taking the oaths. Of these officers, Jefferson, 
 Howard, Cabell and Lynch had already been magistrates, 
 and Jefferson had also acted as Sheriff, in Goochland. The 
 William Randolph, who was the first Clerk, was unquestion- 
 ably Colonel William Randolph, of Tuckahoe, who had 
 some years before entered the tract of land known as Edge 
 Hill. 
 
 The original attorneys who practiced in the courts of the 
 county, were Edmund Gray, Gideon Marr, William Bat- 
 tersby — whose daughter Jane, the wife of Giles Allegre, was 
 the mother-in-law of the eminent statesman and financier, 
 Albert Gallatin — James Meredith, Clement Read and John 
 Harvie. All except Harvie, and probably Meredith, resided 
 on the south side of James River. 
 
 The routine of public business was at once begun and 
 prosecuted with stated regularity. The location of the court- 
 house was a matter of deep interest. It was a conceded 
 point that it should be fixed on James River. Jefferson, 
 Howard , Lynch and Ballou were appointed to view the river 
 and make a report; and as the result, Samuel Scott, son of 
 Edward, agreed with proper security to erect at his own cost 
 a courthouse, prison, stocks and pillory, as good as those 
 
10 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 of Goochland, the site to be selected by the Court, provided 
 it was placed on his land. The site actually chosen was on 
 the plantation of his brother Daniel, and is still pointed 
 out about a mile west of Scottsville and a quarter of a mile 
 north of the river bank. 
 
 During the next three years a number of ordinaries were 
 licensed — Giles Allegre, to keep one on Mechunk ; Daniel 
 Scott and John Lewis each, one at the courthouse; Wil- 
 liam Battersby, opposite the courthouse; John Anthony, 
 in the Glendower section; James Fenly, Isaac Bates and 
 Gideon Marr, in Buckingham ; William Morrison, in the 
 Rockfish Valley ; Charles Bond, on Briery Creek, a branch 
 of the lower Hardware; Joseph Thompson, in the vicinity 
 of Palmyra; Hugh McGarrough, not far from Afton, and 
 John Hays, probably in the same neighborhood; and Wil- 
 liam Cabell, at his ferry at Warminster. Daniel Scott was 
 licensed to establish a ferry from the courthouse landing 
 to the opposite side of the river, and William Battersby, one 
 from his land to the mouth of Totier Creek on Daniel Scott's 
 land. 
 
 The roads received much attention. At that time they 
 were not so much to be worked, as to be opened and cleared ; 
 and permission to this end was readily granted under the 
 restriction, that they should not be conducted through any 
 fenced grounds. John Henderson was summoned to show 
 cause why a road should not be cleared through his land 
 from the Three Notched Road to the Hardware River; that 
 is, from near Milton to the vicinity of Mount Air. John 
 Defpe was made Surveyor of the road from Number Twelve 
 to Number Eighteen — numbers used to designate the dis- 
 tance, probably from the courthouse to certain trees, as 
 mention is subsequently made of the road from the late 
 Secretary's Ford to the Twelve Mile Tree. David I,ewis 
 was Surveyor of the road over Capt. Charles I^ynch's Ford, 
 or Ferry; this was a road which ran from some point 
 on the Three Notched Road near the University, over the 
 shallows of the Rivanna, a short distance southeast of the 
 Pen Park mansion, and down the west side of the South 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 11 
 
 West Mountain. Andrew Wallace was Surveyor of the road 
 from the D. S. to Mechum's River Ford — Archibald and 
 Michael Woods, Jr. to assist in clearing it — and William 
 Woods from Mechum's River to Michael Woods's Gap on the 
 Blue Mountains. Benjamin Wheeler was Surveyor from his 
 place into the "Four Chopped Road" to Woods's Gap. 
 William Harris petitioned for a road from his plantation on 
 Green Creek to the South River — that is, the James — on the 
 lower side of Ballenger's Creek; and Robert Rose, Clerk, 
 petitioned for one from his place on Tye River to I,eake's, 
 in the neighborhood of William Harris. The hands of Col. 
 Richard Randolph, Rev. Mr. Stith and William Harris, were 
 ordered to clear a road from the Green Mountain Road near 
 the head of Hog Creek, to the courthouse Road below Mr. 
 Stith' s Quarter. Thetithables of the late Secretary at Clear- 
 Mount — which must have been at Blenheim, or in that 
 vicinity — were directed to work on the road from James 
 Taylor's Ford to Martin King's Road, that is, fiom below 
 Carter's Bridge to Woodridge; and his servants living above 
 the mountains, together with the inhabitants on Biscuit Run, 
 were to keep the road from David lycwis's to the late Secre- 
 tary's Mill. This mill was on the north fork of Hardware, 
 a short distance above its junction with the south fork. Fry 
 & I^ynch were appointed to apply to the I^ouisa Court, to 
 continue the road over King's Ford on the Rivanna — at 
 Union Mills — from the county line to I^ouisa C. H. These 
 are a few instances of the care and energy devoted to this 
 important object. 
 
 Howard and Daniel were appointed to list the tithables on 
 the south side, and I^ynch, Cabell, Hickman and Ballon, 
 those on the north side, of the Fluvanna River. The number 
 of tithables in 1745 was thirteen hundred and ninety-four, in 
 1746 fourteen hundred and seventy-nine, and in 1747 seven- 
 teen hundred and twenty -five. They were taxed twenty 
 pounds of tobacco per poll. Taking Mr. Jefferson's calcu- 
 lations in his Notes on Virginia as a basis, this would make 
 the whole population of the county as it then was, white and 
 black, in 1745 about four thousand two hundred and fifty ; 
 
12 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 in 1746 four thousand five hundred ; and in 1747 five thousand 
 two hundred and seventy-five. According to the Census 
 Reports, the progress of the population of the county within 
 its present limits, has been as follows : 
 
 1790—12,585. 1830—19,747. 1870—25,800. 
 
 1800—16,439. 1840—22,618. 1880—26,625. 
 
 1810—18,268. 1850—22,924. 1890-27,554. 
 
 1820—32,618. 1860—32,379. 1900—28,473. 
 
 The population of Charlottesville was for the first time 
 taken separately from that of the county in 1870. Its num- 
 bers are as follows : 
 
 1870—2,838. 1880—2,676. 1890—5,591. 1900—6,449. 
 
 Eleanor Crawley was sentenced to receive fifteen lashes on 
 her bare back, well laid on, for stealing linen of the value of 
 eleven pence — a little over fifteen cents — and Pearce Reynolds 
 to receive twenty -one, for stealing a handkerchief of the same 
 value. James, a negro of William Cabell, for stealing 
 twelve pence, was burnt in the hand, and given thirty-nine 
 lashes at the whipping post. In a suit James Fenly gained 
 against Samuel Stephens, and Stephens choosing to be 
 whipped rather than be imprisoned, the Sheriff was ordered 
 to administer twenty-one lashes. The grand jury presented 
 George McDaniel for profane swearing — two oaths within two 
 months — and Abraham Childress for failing to clear the road 
 of which he was surveyor. On motion of David Reese, the 
 testimony of John and Stephen Heard, and of Patrick Nowlin, 
 was recorded, certifying that a piece was bit out of Reese's 
 left ear, in a fray with Nowlin. The testimony of Thomas 
 Nunn and his wife Kate was recorded, showing that they had 
 been imported about fourteen years before, and had never 
 received their dues; and subsequently their two children, 
 Mary and Lucretia, were directed to be bound out by the 
 Church wardens of St. Anne's parish. 
 
 The Court was mindful to protect its own dignity. For 
 misbehavior in its presence, Martin King was ordered into 
 custody, and bound over for a year, and Martin King, Jr. 
 and James Fenly were placed in the stocks. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARIvE 13 
 
 The scalps of wolves were reported in large numbers. One 
 hundred and forty pounds of tobacco were allowed for the 
 scalp of an old wolf, and seventy -five for that of a young 
 one, that is, one under six months old. When tobacco 
 ceased to be a circulating medium, twelve and six dollars 
 were given as the premiums. These reports continued with 
 more or less regularity in subsequent years down to 1849, 
 the last on record, when Isaac W. Garth was awarded 
 twelve dollars for killing an old wolf. Jonathan Barksdale, 
 Samuel Jameson, William Ramsey and Ryland Rodes, are 
 names which appear most frequently in this connection. In 
 1835 Lewis Snow received a dollar and a half for the scalp of 
 a red fox. The Court agitated the removal of these pre- 
 miums once or twice after 1849, but there is no indication 
 that their offer was ever made. 
 
 The foregoing particulars were compiled from the first 
 order book of the County Court, a venerable relic of the past 
 of great interest. Unhappily the records for many years 
 iollowing have been lost. 
 
14 HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Albemarle County has somewhat the shape of a lozenge. 
 Its northwestern border follows the crest of the Blue Ridge. 
 Its boundary on the southwest leaves the Ridge a little 
 north of Rockfish Gap, runs a course of south thirty degrees 
 east till it strikes the Rockfish River at the mouth of Green 
 Creek, and then coincides with that river to its junction 
 with the James. The angle at the south instead of coming 
 to a point is irregularly truncated by the James, that river 
 forming its border for about fifteen miles. The southeast- 
 ern boundary starts from the lower end of Scottsville, and 
 has a course of north thirty degrees east to the western side 
 of the town of Gordonsville; whence that on the northeast 
 runs north seventy-one degrees west till it intersects the top 
 of the Blue Ridge. Its greatest length from north to south 
 is about forty miles, and its greatest breadth about the same 
 distance. It has an area of slightly over seven hundred and 
 fifty square miles. 
 
 Its surface is greatly diversified. Parallel with the Blue 
 Ridge, the Southwest Mountain traverses its entire extent 
 at an interval of eighteen or twenty miles. This range is 
 continuous, except where it breaks to afford a passage for the 
 Rivanna, Hardware and Rockfish rivers. Its highest point, 
 Peter's Mountain, occurs where it enters the county on the 
 northeast, having an altitude of perhaps fifteen hundred feet. 
 In its course southward it maintains an elevation of ten or 
 twelve hundred feet until it passes the Hardware, when it 
 gradually declines, and exhibits a prominence but little 
 different from the surface of the surrounding country. This 
 mountain is for the most part a single ridge, and- has none of 
 the lateral offshoots so characteristic of the Blue Ridge, un- 
 less for a short distance on the west side of its northern por- 
 tion. Here and there occur low depressions in its crown, 
 which supply a natural and convenient way for roads. North 
 of the Rivanna are three of these depressions — the most north- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 15 
 
 erly, the Turkey Sag, so named from Turkey Run, a branch 
 of Priddy's Creek which rises at its western base, the next, 
 Stony Point Gap, opposite the village of that name, and the 
 third, Hammock's or Thurman's Gap. Between the Rivanna 
 and the Hardware there is but one, the Monticello Gap, 
 which separates Monticello from the continuation of the 
 range, called Carter's Mountain. South of the Hardware, 
 the range bears the name of Green Mountain. 
 
 In the northwest part of the county, and still more in the 
 southwest, irregular and massive formations raise their heads 
 on high, which from their disorderly appearance pass under 
 the name of the Ragged Mountains. Jutting from the Ridge 
 near the western corner is a huge spur, denominated Buck's 
 Elbow. Across Moorman's River to the north is another 
 lofty spur, the Pasture Fence Mountain, called so without 
 doubt because it contained one of the first enclosures for 
 grazing. It is a peculiar feature of this spur, as it is of the 
 whole Blue Ridge, that in summer it is covered with a lux- 
 uriant growth of blue grass ; and in former days, large 
 planters commonly owned farms on these mountains for the 
 special purpose of pasturage. Along the eastern foot of the 
 Pasture Fence lies a rich and beautiful valley, which from 
 one of its first settlers is named Brown's Cove, and which is 
 watered by an affluent of Moorman's River, called in early 
 times its north fork, but now known as Doyle's River. 
 Bordering the Cove on the east is a succession of smaller 
 eminences. Pigeon Top, Fox's Mountain and High Top, 
 while scattered towards the northeast are numerous elevations, 
 some having the appearance of ridges, and some rising as 
 solitary peaks, and bearing the names of Currants, lyong, 
 Green, Buck and Piney Mountains. 
 
 Just west of where the University now stands is a small 
 range with a higher summit at either end, which was origi- 
 nally called Piney Mountain. The north end has the name 
 of Lewis's Mountain, and the south. Observatory Moun- 
 tain, from its being the site of the astronomical depart- 
 ment of the University. At a short interval southwest 
 of this range, are heaped up for some miles great moun- 
 
16 HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E 
 
 tainous masses, rugged and broken, that may well be 
 termed by way of eminence the Ragged Mountains. These 
 heights are skirted on the east by a range which runs with a 
 good degree of continuity to the extreme southwest of the 
 county, called on the north side of the Hardware, Dudley's 
 Mountain, and on the south. Gay's, Fan's and Appleberry's. 
 Running off from the Ragged Mountains in a westerly direc- 
 tion is a range bearing the names of Martin's and Israel's 
 Mountains, indented by Taylor's, Martin's and Israel's Gaps; 
 while south and southeast of Israel's Gap, tower aloft some 
 of the loftiest summits in the county. Castle Rock, High Top, 
 Chalk and Heard's Mountains. Some views of these im- 
 mense piles are truly grand and magnificent. In the midst 
 of these gigantic heaps, are found reaches of comparatively 
 level country of prime fertility, one lying along the north 
 fork of the Hardware called the North Garden, another on 
 the south fork called the South Garden, and a third, the 
 Rich Cove, separated by a slight elevation from the South 
 Garden on the south. The section north of James River is 
 varied by gently sloping hills, and that east of the South 
 West Mountain stretches away to the east as an extensive 
 plain, and being covered with forest, is known as the Flat- 
 woods. 
 
 Besides the James, the county is cut throughout its entire 
 breadth by two streams, and is washed at its southwest 
 corner by a third, all of considerable size. In the summer 
 the volume of water they discharge is much reduced — so 
 much at times, that during a remarkable drought in 1806, 
 James O. Carr, who was then attending school at Milton was 
 able to stop the entire current of the Rivanna with his hand ; 
 but being mountain streams, that is having their sources 
 near the foot of the Blue Ridge, or its outlying spurs, they 
 become speedily filled by heavy rains and the melting snows 
 of winter, frequently rush down with the fury of a torrent, 
 and overflow all the low grounds along their banks. The 
 most northerly of these water courses is the Rivanna, which 
 has two forks uniting about four miles north of Charlottes- 
 ville, and forming the main stream. The north fork is made 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 17 
 
 up near the north line of the county by the union of Swift 
 Run and I^ynch's River, both of which rise in Greene County 
 near the Blue Ridge. It flows southeast and south to its 
 junction with the south fork, augmented by Marsh Run, 
 Herring's Run, Priddy's and Foster's Creeks, flowing into 
 its north side, and by Beaverdam, Jacob's Run, and 
 Flat Branch, coming from the south. The south fork is 
 formed by the confluence of Moorman's and Mechum's 
 Rivers, and being fed on its north side by Buck Moun- 
 tain, Naked, Fishing and Powell's Creeks, and on its south 
 by Ivy Creek, runs eastwardly about five miles to its junc- 
 tion with the north fork. Buck Mountain Creek has a 
 large branch on its west side called Piney Run. Moorman's 
 River rises in the deep ravine between the Blue Ridge and 
 Pasture Fence Mountain, known as Sugar Hollow, and runs 
 a south and then an east course, receiving on its north side 
 Doyle's River, and Rocky and Ward's Creeks. Mechum's 
 River has a greater length, some of its head waters spring- 
 ing beyond the county line in Nelson, and interlocking with 
 branches of the north fork of Rockfish. It has also a more 
 tortuous channel, but its general trend is east of north. It 
 receives on its north side Virgin Spring Branch, Stockton's, 
 Beaver and Spring Creeks, and on its south, Whitesides 
 Creek, Pounding Branch and Broadaxe Creek. The Rivanna 
 proper flows south, turns to the east in its passage through 
 the South West Mountain for about four miles, and then 
 runs southeast to the county line, when passing through 
 Fluvanna County, it empties into the James at Columbia. 
 In its course through Albemarle, it receives Red Bud, Moun- 
 tain Falls, Carroll and I^imestone Creeks on the north, and 
 Meadow, Moore's, Henderson's and Buck Island Creeks on 
 the south. 
 
 The Hardware divides into two forks, which join just 
 above its passage through the Southwest Mountain. The 
 north fork also divides not far from Red Hill Station, the 
 south and middle prongs heading near each other on either 
 side of Tom's Mountain, while the north prong rises in the 
 vicinity of Taylor's Gap. Just before reaching the junction 
 —2 
 
18 HI&TORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 it receives on its north side Sowell's Branch. The south 
 fork has its source south of Castle Rock, and northwest of 
 Covesville. It makes its way in different directions among 
 the mountains, but its general course is northeast. Its 
 northern tributaries are Jumping Branch and Black Walnut, 
 and its southern, Rapshin and Eppes Creeks. A well known 
 branch of the latter is Beaverdam, which has recently 
 acquired celebrity from the Soapstone Works successfully 
 operated on its banks. After the union of its forks, the 
 Hardware pursues a southeast course, crosses the county 
 line about three miles north of Scottsville, and empties into 
 the James in Fluvanna County. It is enlarged on its north- 
 ern side by Murphy's and Turkey Runs, and on its south- 
 ern by Harris's Creek, formerly known as lyittle Eppes, and 
 by Coles's Creek, formerly called Hudson's. 
 
 The southwestern line of the county is intersected by the 
 head waters of I^ynch's, Taylor's, Hickory and Cove Creeks, 
 all branches of Rockfish River. On the east side of Apple- 
 berry's Mountain are Ivy, Green and Hog Creeks, debouch- 
 ing into the same stream. Two creeks of moderate size 
 water the southern part of the county, and fall into the 
 James, one at Warren called Ballenger's, and the other about 
 two miles above Scottsville called Totier. Both are fed by 
 a number of branches. Mechunk Creek takes its rise not 
 far from Gordonsville, flows southwest and southeast, and 
 passing out of the county joins the Rivanna opposite Union 
 Mills. The sources of the South Anna are also in Albe- 
 marle, located not far from that of Mechunk. 
 
 The character of the soil is various. The degrees of its 
 fertility are distinguished by different colors, the richest 
 exhibiting a deep red, and the less fertile a gray. The 
 former prevails at the base of the mountains, and along the 
 banks of the streams. Some parts of the county, especially 
 in the mountainous localities, are stony; the more level 
 lands are free from this incumbrance. The prevalent rocks 
 are quartz and what is colloquially known as mountain 
 granite. A single vein of limestone runs through the county, 
 about four miles east of the Southwest Mountain. In a 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 19 
 
 number of places slate and soapstone occur, both of fine 
 quality. Gold is found in the southwestern corner. The 
 soil and climate of Albemarle are well adapted to all the 
 staple productions of the temperate zone, and are exceedingly 
 favorable to the cultivation of fruit. The ravines and hol- 
 lows of the mountains which might seem unfitted for the 
 growth of any crop, are found to produce in perfection 
 the Albemarle Pippins, the most highly prized apples in the 
 world. 
 
 Most of the names given to the features of Albemarle 
 scenery, belonged to them from the earliest times. In the 
 patents first issued, the mountains and streams were already 
 indicated by names, and they were generally those which 
 they still bear. Who gave them, or why in many cases they 
 were given, must now be reckoned among the things un- 
 known. Sometimes they were suggested by natural circum- 
 stances, and sometimes derived from persons who were 
 owners, or occupiers, of the neighboring lands. The latter 
 have undergone more change than others, because with the 
 lapse of years the names of former residents passed out of 
 remembrance, and those of their successors were applied in 
 their stead. As settlements were made in different parts of 
 the county at the same time, it has happened that names are 
 frequently repeated. 
 
 The Southwest Mountain on which the first lands were 
 entered, was originally called the Chestnut Mountains. It 
 was also spoken of as the lyittle Mountain. Particular por- 
 tions had local names, for the most part taken from owners 
 or first settlers, as Peter's, Carter's, Lively's, Sugar Loaf, 
 Monticello. Green Mountain no doubt derived its name from 
 the color of its luxuriant vegetation. The Blue Ridge bore 
 that name from the first planting of the country. The early 
 inhabitants called it also the Blue Ledge, and the Blue Moun - 
 tain. Sometimes it was designated the Great Mountain, in 
 opposition to the Little Mountain, and occasionally the South 
 Mountain, in opposition to the North Mountain on the west 
 side of the Valley. Buck's Elbow and Pasture Fence — at first 
 Smith's Pasture Fence — Mountain have always been so called. 
 
20 HISTORY OF AI,BBMARI,E 
 
 Brown's Gap and Brown's Cove were named from the family 
 that largely settled the land in that region. Turk's Gap was 
 first called Jameson's, and Jarman's bore the name of Woods' 
 — all from families who lived near by. Rockfish Gap has 
 always had that name, acquiring it from the river which rises 
 in part at its base. Pigeon Top was once called Jameson's 
 Mountain, and may have obtained its later name from a roost 
 of that bird. Fox's Mountain took its name from a family 
 that lived on it, and High Top from its lofty peak. Currant's 
 and Webb's Mountains were named from persons who pos- 
 sessed the adjoining lands, and Buck Mountain, and the 
 Creek of the same name, from the abundance of deer that 
 roamed the forests. Piney Mountain was first called Poin- 
 dexter's, from the man who entered the land at its foot. Yel- 
 low Mountain at one time went by the name of Epperson's. 
 Castle Rock was so denominated from its huge towering form, 
 Chalk Mountain from the light -colored rocks which face its 
 crest, and Heard's, Appleberry's, Fan's, Gay's, Dudley's, 
 from primitive settlers in their vicinity. In early times the 
 Mountains north of Moorman's River, and south of Me- 
 chum's, were called Ragged, from their disordered appear- 
 ance, and not from the garments of their inhabitants, as has 
 sometimes been suggested. 
 
 The Hardware River has always borne that name. Rivanna 
 was in use from the first, according to the fashion then in 
 vogue, of honoring Queen Anne with the names of rivers 
 recently discovered. In the earliest patents and deeds it was 
 more frequently called the north fork of the James, as the 
 James above the Rivanna passed under the name of the South 
 Fork, or more euphuistically, the Fluvanna. In some in- 
 stances the Rivanna was simply termed the North River, 
 and the Fluvanna the South. The crossing of the Rivanna 
 at the Free Bridge was known at the beginning of the century 
 as Moore's Ford, or lycwis' Ferry, according to the stage of 
 water, and its north fork was sometimes called, down to a 
 quite recent date, the I^ittle River. Red Bud was first named 
 Key's Mill Creek, or Swamp. In early days, swamp seemed 
 to be interchangeable with creek, no doubt from the rubbish 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 21 
 
 of logs and leaves which for ages had obstructed the channels 
 of the smaller streams. Priddy's, Buck Mountain and Rocky- 
 Creeks, and Jacob's and Piney Runs, had those designations 
 from the beginning. The names of Meadow and Ivy Creeks 
 obtained from the earliest times. Moorman's River was 
 named from Thomas Moorman, one of the first patentees on 
 its banks, and Mechum's, from a George Mechum, who was 
 an owner of land near its head. The north fork of Mechum's 
 was called Stockton's Creek, and its south fork, now re- 
 garded as the main stream, Stockton's Mill Creek, from a 
 numerous family occupying their margins. The middle 
 fork was always termed Virgin Spring Branch. Union Run 
 was first named Mountain Falls Creek; afterwards, from 
 being a favorite feeding place of the wagoners who brought 
 their produce to Milton, it acquired the name of Camping 
 Branch. Carroll's Creek was the original title of that 
 stream. lyimestoue was first called Plum Tree Branch, 
 then Scales Creek, and finally its present name, from wash- 
 ing the only vein of limestone in the county. Buck Island 
 Creek was so designated from the beginning. It is a mis- 
 take to write it Buckeyeland, as if derived from the deer -eyed 
 tree. The name was taken from an island in the Rivanna 
 opposite its mouth, and as in the case of so many objects 
 of natural scenery, was suggested by the great numbers of 
 deer found everywhere in the country. There were two other 
 tributaries of the Rivanna below Milton in early times, 
 though their names are never heard at present, Henderson's 
 and Miller's Branches. Moore's Creek has been so called 
 from the first. The same is true of Biscuit Run; but the 
 names of its branches. Plum Orchard on the east, and Cow 
 Branch on the west, have slipped from the memory of men. 
 A small prong of Moore's above Biscuit Run once had the 
 name of Edge's Creek; it is forgotten now. 
 
 There were three Beaverdams in the county, one running 
 into Mechunk, another into I,ynch's River, and the third 
 into Eppes Creek. Besides Ivy Creek that passes the depot 
 of that name, there is another which empties into Rockfish. 
 An affluent of Priddy's Creek, and one of Ballenger's, were 
 
22 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 both called Wolf Trap. Wolf Pit was a branch of Beaver 
 Creek, and a cavity on the west side of South West Mountain 
 had the same name. Piney Mountain was the designation, 
 not only of the present mountain of that name, but also of 
 I/ewis's Mountain near the University and of an eminence 
 near Afton. A branch of the lower Rockfish was called Buck 
 Island, besides the stream so named that flows into the 
 Rivanna. A Turkey Run empties into Priddy's Creek, and 
 another of the name enters the Hardware. There were three 
 Round Top Mountains, one in the Buck Mountain region, 
 another not far from Batesville, and another near the Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Whitehall was an election precinct under the successive 
 names of Glenn's Store, William Maupin's Store, Maupin's 
 Tavern, Miller's Tavern, Shumate's Tavern, till at length 
 the present name was established about 1835. For a long 
 time Batesville went by the name of Oliver's Store. Mechum's 
 Depot was anciently known as Jarman's Mill, and afterwards 
 as Walker's Mill. Ivy Depot was formerly called Woodville. 
 The name of Gle'ndower at first was Scott's Mill, then Dyer's, 
 and then Dawson's. Woodridge was for many years denom- 
 inated McGehee's Old Field. Besides Stony Point on the 
 Barboursville Road, there was a Stony Point not tar from 
 Scottsville. Free Union formerly went by the name of 
 Nixville, and is still so spoken of by the older citizens. 
 Petersburg is the appellation of a hamlet on Priddy's Creek 
 between the Southern Railroad and the Barboursville Road. 
 Cartersburg is a straggling collection of houses on the hill 
 south of Rio Bridge. Brownton and L,emon Hill stand for 
 places not far from Glendower. 
 
 As already intimated, the former denizens of the forest 
 were frequently alluded to in the names by which objects 
 were distinguished. When the county was first occupied, 
 game of every kind abounded. Traces of the buffalo still 
 remained. A trail is said to have run up Rockfish River to 
 the Gap of that name. It is also reported that the old Richard 
 Woods Road closely followed a buffalo trail. A tract of 
 land belonging to the Webb entry, sold in 1769 to Isaac 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 23 
 
 Davis, and lying on the north fork of the Rivanna, is de- 
 scribed as adjoining Buffalo Meadow. A branch of Buck 
 Mountain Creek was called Elk Run. Deer were exceedingly- 
 plentiful. A tradition, which descended from one of the 
 first settlers near the Blue Ridge, states, that by stepping 
 from his door almost any morning, he was able to shoot a 
 deer. From this circumstance it arose that the word Buck 
 so frequently forms part of the names of the county. I/ick 
 Run was a branch of Beaverdam in its northern part. Bears 
 were found, not only as they still are in the deep ravines of 
 the Blue Ridge, but also in every neighborhood. Near the 
 Rich Cove were Bear Creek, and Red Bear Hollow. Benja- 
 min Brown devised to his son Bezaleel the Bear cornfield. 
 In a deed of 1789, conveying land north of Stony Point, one 
 of the lines passed by "the Bear Spring on the road." As 
 late as 1823, it was stated, that Henry Bruce with two other 
 men, killed on the Blue Ridge twelve fine fat bears in fifteen 
 days. As previously mentioned, an exterminating war was 
 waged from the beginning against wolves. A prong of Green 
 Creek bore the name of Black Fox Branch. Beaver and 
 Beaverdam Creeks were connected with every leading stream 
 of the county. In the first times flocks of turkeys thronged 
 the woods, and every fall and spring wild ducks and geese 
 darkened the rivers. Tradition refers to more than one 
 pigeon roost, where great limbs of trees were broken down 
 by the countless numbers of that bird. Before the construc- 
 tion of dams, fish of the best kinds, shad and herring, 
 ascended the water courses. Dr. William Cabell derived a 
 considerable revenue from his fisheries on James River, and 
 fine shad, taken from the Rivanna, were often seen on the 
 tables of the early inhabitants. 
 
 There is no evidence that Indians were resident in the 
 county at the first approach of the white man, though they 
 still passed through on their journeys from one part of the 
 country to another. But memorials of their former occupa- 
 tion were not wanting. Mr. Jefferson mentions having often 
 seen them in his boyhood, and refers in his Notes to a large 
 band visiting the mound containing the remains of their an- 
 
24 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 cestors on the Rivanna low grounds, and there expressing 
 their customary signs of grief. In a description of land on 
 Bremo Creek, in a deed of 1751, is noted a line that ran "up 
 to the head of the branch that the Indian shot John I,awson 
 at." The head stream of Buck Island that flows past Over- 
 ton, was variously called Indian Creek, Indian Camp Creek, 
 and Camping Branch, and the plantation at its source, once 
 owned by William Short, and sold by him to David Higgin- 
 botham, bore the name of Indian Camp. Flint arrowheads, 
 often of superior workmanship, are found in large numbers 
 in many sections of the county. 
 
 The first division of the county, besides its separation into 
 the two parishes of Fredericksville and St. Anne's, was that 
 made by the bounds of the militia companies. Each of the 
 two regiments embodied in it contained eight companies, and 
 thus there were sixteen of these divisions. The persons 
 selected to perform the duty of Processioning, whilst that 
 method of determining the boundaries of lands was prac- 
 tised, were chosen for these divisions, usually four persons 
 for each. They were referred to by Mr. Jefferson as forming 
 suitable districts for stationing common schools, and appear 
 in the records until quite a late period in connection with 
 the appointment of patrolling parties. 
 
 For a long time the county seat was the exclusive locality 
 for holding political elections. For electing Overseers of the 
 Poor, there existed in the early part of the century four dis- 
 tricts : for the northeast, the voting place was Trice's Tav- 
 ern below Turkey Sag, and afterwards Stony Point; for the 
 northwest, Fretwell's Store, or Free Union; for the south- 
 west, Everett's Tavern, or the Cross Roads; and for the 
 southeast. Dyer's Store. It was not until the second quarter 
 of the century was considerably advanced that the number of 
 election precincts was increased, and the convenience of the 
 people thus consulted. As late as 1820, Charlottesville was 
 the only post office for the county; subsequent to that date, 
 mail facilities began rapidly to multiply. 
 
 In 1846, in accordance with an act of the Ivegislature, the 
 county was divided into twenty -one School districts. A 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 25 
 
 description of their limits is recorded in the Order Book for 
 that year, page 312. In Deed Book No. Fifty, occurs the 
 record of the boundaries of ten districts for election purposes, 
 which were constituted in pursuance of an act of the IvCgis- 
 lature passed in 1852. 
 
 The last division was effected by an act of the I^egislature, 
 under the requirement of the new Constitution, adopted in 
 July, 1869. By this law the county was laid off into 
 five Townships, subsequently termed Districts. These 
 were Rivanna, Whitehall, Samuel Miller, Scottsville and 
 Charlottesville. In 1875 another was added, called Ivy, 
 which was enlarged on its northern border in 1889. 
 
 Allusion has been made to the great misfortune sustained 
 in the loss of the early records. The gap thus occasioned 
 reaches from 1748 to 1783, a period of thirty-five years, and 
 one intensely interesting in the history of the country at large. 
 The loss was caused by the wanton ravages of the British 
 troops near the close of the Revolutionary War. Many refer- 
 ences to this event are met with in the subsequent proceedings 
 of the County Court. In 1794 it recommended John Key, 
 George Divers, Thomas Garth, Thomas W. Ivewis, Garland 
 Carr, Thomas Bell, Robert Jonett, W. W. Hening, and 
 Cornelius Schenk as "Commissioners to reinstate such rec- 
 ords as had been lost or destroyed." These persons or 
 others were certainly appointed for this purpose, as the Court 
 in one place ordered the transactions of the Commissioners 
 "for reinstating the records destroyed by the enemy," to be 
 recorded. A copy of Gideon Carr's will was proved before 
 them, and directed to be placed on record. On a deed from 
 Thomas Goolsby to Samuel Shelton dated July 1745, the 
 following memorandum was inscribed: "February Court, 
 1788. This Indenture was produced to the Court, and it 
 appearing from a certificate on the same, that it had been 
 formerly recorded in this Court, the record whereof was de- 
 stroyed by the British in the year 1781, on motion of Samuel 
 Shelton it was ordered by the Court that it be recorded again, 
 in pursuance of an act of Assembly for that purpose." The 
 act here referred to may be found in Hening XII, 497. It 
 
26 HISTORY OF AI,BEMAEI<E 
 
 is hard to conceive any conduct in an army more outrageous, 
 more opposed to the true spirit of civilization, and withal 
 more useless in a military point of view, than the destruction 
 of public archives. 
 
 Other interruptions of the series however have happened 
 since that time. The order books of the Court are missing 
 from 1785 to 1791. Those for the years 1805 and 1827 are 
 also wanting. It is difficult to account for these losses, 
 except from want of due care in the removal of the books at 
 different times from one office to another. 
 
 During the long interval posterior to 1748, two events 
 transpired on which it is desirable to have as much light as 
 possible, the change of location of the Court House, and the 
 Revolutionary War. Materials fortunately exist to furnish 
 some account of both. 
 
 The first occurrence was rendered necessary by the partition 
 of the county in 1761. The territory on the south side of 
 James River was cut off to form the county of Bucking- 
 ham. That part which lay north of the James, and west of 
 the Rockfish from its mouth up to the mouth of Green 
 Creek, and thence west of a line running directly to the 
 house of Thomas Bell, and continuing thence to the Blue 
 Ridge, was constituted the county of Amherst. At the 
 same time there was added to Albemarle that part of Louisa 
 lying west of a line, beginning at the boundary between 
 Albemarle and lyouisa on the ridge between Mechunk and 
 Beaverdam Swamp, and running along said ridge till inter- 
 sected by an east course from the widow Cobb's plantation, 
 and thence a direct course to the Orange line opposite the 
 plantation of Ambrose Coleman. When this arrangement 
 took place, it left the Court House on the extreme southern 
 border, and rendered attendance thereat unnecessarily incon- 
 venient to the people residing in the northern sections of the 
 county. 
 
 What proceedings transpired to determine the site of the 
 new Court House, whether it was fixed by the judgment of 
 the County Court, or settled by a popular vote, there remains 
 no means of knowing. Certain it is no more suitable place 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 27 
 
 than the one selected could have been chosen. It occupies 
 almost the exact centre of the county, it lies in the midst of 
 a fertile country, and it is beautiful for situation. I/ofty ideas 
 were evidently entertained in relation to its establishment. 
 A thousand acres were purchased from Colonel Richard Ran- 
 dolph, of Henrico, extending north and south from near 
 Cochran's Pond to the south side of Moore's Creek, and east 
 and west from the Chesapeake and Ohio Depot to Preston 
 Heights. The title to this property was vested in Dr. 
 Thomas Walker as Trustee, and he was empowered to sell 
 and convey it to purchasers. The town was planned at the 
 eastern edge of this tract, and consisted of four tiers of 
 squares, each tier running east and west, and containing 
 seven squares, and the four tiers extending from Jefferson 
 Street on the north to South Street on the south. The public 
 square for the courthouse was exterior to the limits of the 
 town. The act of Assembly establishing the town was 
 passed in November 1762. It is therein recited that fifty 
 acres of land contiguous to the courthouse had already been 
 laid off into lots and streets, and as it would be of great advan- 
 tage to the inhabitants of the county if established a town 
 for the reception of traders, it was so established, to be 
 called and known by the name of Charlottesville. Dictated 
 by the spirit of loyalty then prevalent, the name was given 
 in honor of Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg Strelitz, who 
 had recently become Queen of England as the wife of King 
 George III. 
 
 There being two half-acre lots in each square, the original 
 town contained fifty-six lots. They were not disposed of 
 with great rapidity. At the first sale in September 1763, 
 about a year after the survey of the town, fourteen lots were 
 sold to seven purchasers. Ten more were sold at intervals 
 during the next year. Strange to say, the most of those 
 alienated at first were remote from the courthouse, and lay 
 on Main, Water and South Streets, although it is within the 
 memory of some living since the Square ceased to be the 
 business centre of the town. The next sale took place in 
 October 1765, when twenty- three lots were disposed of, four- 
 
28 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 teen being purchased at once by Benjamin Brown and David 
 Ross. By this time it may be supposed the courthouse was 
 built, and the prospects of the new settlement being some- 
 what assured, the spirit of speculation began to operate. 
 In the deed to John Moore of Lot No. Three in 1765, it 
 was stated that the Court of the County was recently held 
 thereon. 
 
 The residue of the public land was divided into fifteen 
 parts, designated as outlots. They ranged in size from 
 thirty-three to one hundred and fifty acres. The smallest 
 of them lying north of the town and immediately on the 
 public square, was sold to John Moore in April 1764. On 
 this lot was a spring in the ravine behind Miss Ross' resi- 
 dence, which had already acquired the name of the Prison 
 Spring. The latter part of the same year two others adjoin- 
 ing the town on the south, and containing seventy -three 
 acres, were purchased by Richard Woods. In October 1765, 
 eight more lying to the north, south and west, and aggre- 
 gating upwards of six hundred acres, were bought by John 
 Moore, Joel Terrell, and Richard and Samuel Woods. The 
 last sale of outlots mentioned occurred in 1791, when the 
 most northerly of them was sold to Dr. George Gilmer. 
 The whole sum realized by the county from the sale of town 
 lots and outlots averaged a pound an acre, amounting to 
 thirty-three hundred and thirty-three dollars. 
 
 The improvements made in the town before the Revolu- 
 tion seem to have been few and scattered. One of the 
 earliest was the residence of Joel Terrell, which was built 
 on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets, where the City 
 Hall now stands. Thomas West, a saddler by trade, lived 
 on Main Street, on the square now occupied by the Leter- 
 mans' Store. Samuel Taliaferro resided on the square to 
 the east, on which afterwards stood the dwelling and store 
 of Colonel Thomas Bell, occupied later by the family of Jesse 
 Scott, and at present the seat of the Post Office. The first 
 home of Dr. George Gilmer was on the south side of Main 
 Street, near the present location of T. T. Norman's Store. 
 John Day, a blacksmith, lived on the southeast corner of 
 
HISTORY OF AIvBBMAELE 29 
 
 Water and First Streets. Tucker Woodson, Deputy Clerk 
 of the County, who. married Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 Moore, had his residence north of town, near the road to 
 Cochran's Mill. A short time before the outbreak of the 
 war, John Jouett built his public house, the Swan Tavern, 
 on the east of the public square, where the house of the late 
 Samuel I^eitch now stands. The square on which is now 
 erected the Perley Building, was known in those days as 
 "the Grass IvOt," and on a part of it was a house in which 
 a Richard Scott lived, and which when sold during the war 
 was reserved to him for his life. In a house on lyot Twenty- 
 one, now marked by Huyett's Corner, a Mary Murphy lived 
 the latter part of the war. Being afterwards married to 
 Joseph Neilson, they sold it in 1784, and the same year it 
 came into the possession of Robert Draffen, a former mer- 
 chant of Charlottesville. 
 
 As the war of the Revolution drew near, the people of 
 Albemarle were deeply aroused. Their opposition to the 
 obnoxious measures of the British government was prompt 
 and strong. Upon the first mutterings of the storm, an 
 independent company of volunteers was formed, and by 
 spirited resolves they devoted themselves to the public wel- 
 fare. When the election of officers was entered upon, the 
 choice fell upon Charles I/ewis, of North Garden, as Captain, 
 Dr. George Gilmer and John Marks, as lyieutenants, John 
 Harvie, as Ensign, William Simms, William Wood, William 
 T. Lewis, and John Martin, as Sergeants, and Frederick W. 
 Wills, Thomas Martin, Jr., Patrick Napier and David Allen, 
 as Corporals. As soon as the news was received of the 
 removal of the powder by Lord Dunmore, without waiting 
 ior a call, eighteen men at once marched to Williamsburg. 
 How long they remained under arms, does not appear. They 
 returned home shortly after, in the midst of the prevailing 
 uncertainty. But their eagerness to sustain "the cause of 
 America," was unabated. In fact so enthusiastic was their 
 warmth, that they were not disposed to listen to counsels 
 which cooler minds deemed prudent. On receiving a mes- 
 sage from Captain Hugh Mercer, to the effect that the Speaker 
 
30 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 and others thought the companies assembled should be dis- 
 missed, they were at a loss how to act, It was determined 
 however that the matter should be submitted to the decision 
 of the company. They voted to march again, and on July 
 11th, 1775, twenty-seven men under I/ieutenant George Gil- 
 mer proceeded a second time to Williamsburg. 
 
 The Convention which met on July 17th of that year, 
 formed sixteen districts in the colony, in which troops should 
 be raised for its defence. In one of these Albemarle was 
 associated with Buckingham, Amherst and East Augusta. 
 The Committee of the district convened on September 8th, 
 1775, at the house of James Woods'in Amherst. There were 
 present from Albemarle, Charles Lewis and George Gilmer ^ 
 from Amherst, William Cabell and John and Hugh Rose, 
 from Buckingham, John Nicholas, Charles Patterson and 
 John Cabell, and from Augusta, Sampson Matthews, Alex- 
 ander McClanahan and Samuel McDowell. Thomas Jefferson 
 was the other delegate from Albemarle, but was absent at the 
 Continental Congress, of which he had been appointed a 
 member the previous June. At this meeting it was resolved, 
 that two companies of minutemen should be enlisted in each 
 of the counties of Albemarle, Amherst and Buckingham, and 
 four in that of Augusta, and that these ten companies should 
 constitute a battalion under George Matthews, of Augusta, 
 and afterwards Governor of Georgia, as Colonel, Charles 
 Lewis, of Albemarle, as Lieutenant Colonel, Daniel Gaines, of 
 Amherst, as Major, and Thomas Patterson, of Buckingham, 
 as Commissary. This battalion was raised and went into 
 camp November 11th, 1775, three miles from Rockfish Gap, 
 and continued in training till December 6th. Inquiry fails 
 to find any local tradition of the place of this camp, but it is 
 said that grounds at that distance from the Gap, and admir- 
 ably fit for military exercises, may be found on the main road 
 between Hebron and Rodes' Churches. Charles Lewis ap- 
 pears as Colonel of a battalion the next year, and was ordered 
 by the Convention in May to North Carolina. He was after- 
 wards Colonel of the Fourteenth Virginia Regiment, and at 
 the time of his death in 1779, Commander of the post at 
 Charlottesville. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 31 
 
 Soldiers from Albemarle fought on all the important batr 
 tie fields of the war, Long Bridge, Trenton, Stony Point, 
 Brandywine, Germantown, Saratoga, Monmouth, Savannah, 
 Charleston, Camden, King's Mountain, Cowpens, Guilford, 
 Eutaw and Yorktown. 
 
 The most striking event connecting the county with the 
 war, was the location within its bounds of the camp for the 
 Convention Troops, as they were called; that is, the pris- 
 oners captured in October 1777, at Burgoyne's surrender. 
 These troops were first sent to Boston, whence they were to 
 be allowed to return to Europe on their parole not to serve 
 again till exchanged ; but Congress on account of its unsat- 
 isfactory relations with the British authorities, refused to 
 ratify the terms of the Convention, and the next year directed 
 the prisoners to be removed to Charlottesville. Being led by 
 way of Ivancaster, Pennsylvania, and Frederick, Maryland, 
 they reached their new quarters about the first of the year 
 1779, and remained until October 1780. The camp was 
 stationed on the northern bank of Ivy Creek, on what is now 
 the farm of the late George Carr, and the place has ever since 
 borne the name of The Barracks. There remain some inter- 
 esting reminiscences of this episode of the war, derived from 
 contemporary documents. 
 
 The prisoners arrived in the winter, when a spell of ex- 
 tremely bitter weather was prevailing. Such was the lack 
 of preparation for their reception, and such their sufferings, 
 that numerous remonstrances were presented by their officers 
 to the Governor of the State, as well as to Congress. De- 
 mands were made for their immediate removal. In this state 
 of affairs Mr. Jefferson wrote at much length to Patrick 
 Henry, the Governor at that time, stating the circumstances, 
 and urging that there was no necessity for a change. The 
 letter, dated March 27th, 1^79, is valuable for the interesting 
 facts it preserves. In the course of it he says, 
 
 "There could not have been a more unlucky concurrence 
 of circumstances than when these troops first came. The 
 barracks were unfinished for want of laborers, the spell of 
 weather, the worst ever known within the memory of man, no 
 
32 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Stores of bread laid in, the roads by the weather and the 
 number of wagons soon rendered impassable ; and not only 
 the troops themselves were greatly disappointed, but the 
 people of the neighborhood were alarmed at the consequences 
 which a total failure of provisions might produce. 
 
 "The barracks occupy the top and brow of a very high 
 hill ; you have been untruly told they were in a bottom. 
 They are free from fog, have four springs which seem to be 
 plentiful, one within twenty yards of the picket, and another 
 within two hundred and fifty; and they propose to sink 
 wells within the picket. Of four thousand people it should 
 be expected according to the ordinary calculations, that one 
 should die every day. Yet in the space of more than three 
 months there have been but four deaths, two infants under 
 three weeks old, and two others by apoplexy. The officers 
 tell me the troops were never so healthy since they were 
 embodied. 
 
 "The mills on James River above the falls, open to canoe 
 navigation, are very many. Some of these are of great 
 value as manufacturers. The barracks are surrounded by 
 mills. There are five or six round about Charlottesville. 
 Any two or three of the whole might in the course of the 
 winter manufacture flour sufficient for the year. 
 
 "The officers after considerable hardship have procured 
 quarters comfortable and satisfactory to them. In order to 
 do this, they were obliged in many instances to hire houses 
 for a year certain, and at such exorbitant rents as were suffi- 
 cient to tempt independent owners to go out of them, and 
 shift as they could. These houses in most cases were much 
 out of repair. They have repaired them at considerable 
 expense. One of the general officers has taken a place for 
 two years, advanced the rent for the whole time, and been 
 obliged moreover to erect additional buildings for the accom- 
 modation of part of his family, for which there was not room 
 in the house rented. Independent of the brick work, for the 
 carpentry of these additional buildings I know he is to pay 
 fifteen hundred dollars. The same gentleman to my knowl- 
 edge has paid to one person thirty-six hundred and seventy 
 
HISTORY OF AI.BBMARLE 33 
 
 dollars, for different articles to fix himself commodiously. 
 They have generally laid in their stocks of grain and other 
 provisions. They have purchased cows, sheep, &c., set in 
 to farming, prepared their gardens, and have a prospect of 
 quiet and comfort before them. 
 
 "To turn to the soldiers. The environs of the barracks 
 are delightful, the ground cleared, laid off in hundreds of 
 gardens, each enclosed in its separate paling; these are well 
 prepared, and exhibiting a fine appearance. General Riede- 
 sel alone laid out upwards of two hundred pounds in garden 
 seeds for the German troops only. Judge what an extent of 
 ground these seeds would cover. There is little doubt that 
 their own gardens will furnish them a great abundance of 
 vegetables through the year. Their poultry, pigeons and 
 other preparations of that kind present to the mind the idea 
 of a company of farmers, rather than a camp of soldiers. 
 In addition to the barracks built for them by the public, and 
 now very comfortable, they have built great numbers for 
 themselves in such messes as fancied each other; and the 
 whole corps, both officers and men, seem now happy and 
 satisfied with their situation." 
 
 Besides this narrative of Mr. Jefferson, there is extant an 
 account of the Barracks, and of the condition of affairs in the 
 surrounding country, in the published letters of Major 
 Thomas Anbury, a British officer, and one of the prisoners. 
 These letters were despatched from time to time to his friends 
 in England, and exhibit a detail of his experiences and ob- 
 servations, from Burgoyne's march from Canada till near the 
 close of the war. They were written in a free, dashing style, 
 and while his descriptions are sprightly and entertaining, 
 they present things in such aspects and colors as would natu- 
 rally be expected from a British point of view. Most of 
 those written from Albemarle were dated at Jones's Plantation, 
 and the circumstances to which he refers make it evident 
 that the place was that of Orlando Jones, situated north of 
 Glendower, and now bearing the name of Refuge. Respect- 
 ing matters concerning the prisoners, he writes, 
 
 "On our arrival at Charlottesville, no pen can describe the 
 —3 
 
34 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 scene of misery and confusion that ensued ; the officers of 
 the first and second brigades were in the town, and our ar- 
 rival added to their distress. This famous place we had 
 heard so much of, consisted only of a courthouse, one tavern, 
 and about a dozen houses, all of which were crowded with 
 officers; those of our brigade were therefore obliged to ride 
 about the country, and entreat the inhabitants to take us in. 
 As to the men, their situation was truly horrible, after the 
 hard shifts they had experienced in their march from the 
 Potomac. They were, instead of comfortable barracks, con- 
 ducted into a wood, where a. few log huts were just begun to 
 be built, the most part not covered over, and all of them full of 
 snow. These they were obliged to clear out and cover over, 
 to secure themselves from the inclemency of the weather as soon 
 as they could, and in the course of two or three days rendered 
 a habitable, but by no means a comfortable, retirement. 
 What added greatly to the distress of the men was the want 
 of provisions, as none had as yet arrived for the troops, and 
 for six days they subsisted on the meal of Indian corn made 
 into cakes. The person who had the management of every- 
 thing, informed us that we were not expected till spring. 
 
 "Never was a country so destitute of every comfort. Pro- 
 visions were not to be purchased for ten days ; the officers 
 subsisted upon fat pork and Indian corn made into cakes, 
 not a drop of spirit of any kind; what little there had been, 
 was already consumed by the first and second brigades. 
 Many officers to comfort themselves put red pepper into 
 water to drink by way of cordial. Upon a representation of 
 our situation by Brigadier General Hamilton to Colonel Bland, 
 who commanded the American troops, he promised to make 
 the situation of the men as comfortable as possible, and with 
 all expedition. The officers upon signing a parole might go to 
 Richmond and other adjacent towns, to procure themselves 
 quarters; accordingly a parole was signed, which allowed a 
 circuit of near a hundred miles. And after they had drawn 
 lots, as three were to remain in the barracks with the men, 
 or at Charlottesville, the principal part of them set off for 
 Richmond, while many are at plantations twenty or thirty 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARI,E 35 
 
 miles from the barracks. On the arrival of the troops at 
 Charlottesville, the officers what with vexation and to keep 
 out the cold, drank rather freely of an abominable liquor 
 called peach brandy, which if drunk to excess, the fumes 
 raise an absolute delirium, and in their cups several were 
 guilty of deeds that would admit of no apology. The inhab- 
 itants must have thought us mad, for in the course of three 
 or four days there were no less than six or seven duels 
 tought. 
 
 "I am quartered with Major Master and four other officers 
 of our regiment at this plantation, about twenty miles from 
 the barracks. The owner has given up his house and gone 
 to reside at his overseer's, and for the use of his house we 
 pay him two guineas a week. It is situated upon an emi- 
 nence, commanding a prospect of near thirty miles around 
 it, and the face of the country appears an immense forest, 
 interspersed with various plantations four or five miles dis- 
 tant from each other. Informing the Commissary of pro- 
 visions where we were quartered, he gave us an order on a 
 Colonel Coles , who resides about four miles distant , to supply 
 us, he being appointed to collect for the use of Congress in 
 this district; who upon application sent us about a month's 
 provision of flour and salt pork for ourselves and servants. 
 Cattle, horses, sheep and hogs followed the cart, to lick the 
 barrels containing the salt meat. 
 
 "The house where General Phillips resides is called Blen- 
 heim. It was erected shortly after that memorable battle 
 by a Mr. Carter, Secretary of the Colony, and was his favor- 
 ite seat of residence. It stands on a lofty eminence, com- 
 manding a very extensive prospect. Colonel Carter, its pres- 
 ent proprietor, possesses a most affluent fortune, and has a 
 variety of seats surpassing Blenheim, which he suffers to go 
 to ruin. When General Phillips took it, it was crowded with 
 negroes, sent to clear a spot of ground a few miles off. The 
 extent of his land is immense, and he has fifteen hundred 
 negroes on his different plantations. 
 
 "The Congress must be acquitted of the bad treatment of 
 the prisoners ; they were misguided and duped by a Colonel 
 
36 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Harvie, a member from this province. When Virginia was 
 fixed on as a depot for the prisoners, Colonel Harvie pro- 
 posed to Congress to remove the Convention army to a tract 
 of land belonging to him, about six miles from Charlottes- 
 ville, about four from the Blue Mountains, and near two 
 hundred from the sea coast; and if Congress approved, he 
 would engage to build barracks and lay in provisions by the 
 ensuing spring. The resolution was passed the latter end of 
 June. Colonel Harvie immediately resorted to Virginia, and 
 set all his negroes, and a number of the inhabitants, to build 
 the barracks and collect provisions ; and after having planned 
 everything, he left its completion to the management of his 
 brother, and returned to Congress. His brother not possess- 
 ing so much activity, and not being perhaps so much in- 
 terested in the business, did not pay proper attention to it; 
 and this was the cause why the barracks were not finished, 
 and affairs were in such confusion on our arrival. Colonel 
 Harvie supposed all would be ready by Christmas. 
 
 "Colonel Bland, who commands the American troops, was 
 formerly a physician at a place called Petersburg on the 
 James River, but at the commencement of the war, as being 
 in some way related to Bland, who wrote a military treatise, 
 he felt a martial spirit arise within him, quitted the Esculapian 
 art, and at his own expense raised a regiment of light horse. 
 As to those troops of his regiment with Washington's army, 
 I cannot say anything; but the two the Colonel has with 
 him here for the purposes of express and attendance, are the 
 most curious figures you ever saw ; some like Prince Pretty- 
 man with one boot, others without any ; some hoseless, with 
 their feet peeping out of their shoes, others with breeches 
 that put decency to the blush; some in short jackets, and 
 some in long coats, but all have fine dragoon caps, and long 
 swords slung around them ; some with holsters, some with- 
 out, but, gramercy, pistols, they haven't a brace and a 
 half among them; but they are tolerably well mounted, and 
 that is the only thing you can advance in their favor. The 
 Colonel is so fond of his dragoons, that he reviews and 
 maneuvers them every morning, and when he rides out, has 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI.E 37 
 
 two with drawn swords before, and two behind. It is really- 
 laughable to see him thus attended by his ragged regiment, 
 which looks, to borrow Shakespeare's idea, as if the gibbets 
 had been robbed to make it up ; then the Colonel himself, 
 notwithstanding his martial spirit, has all the grave deport- 
 ment as if he were going to a consultation. He greatly 
 amused some of us calling to see him not long since. He 
 had just mounted his horse to ride out, and seeing us ap- 
 proach, and wishing to air his French, he called out very 
 pompously to his orderly, ' Donne z moi — donnez mot — eh — 
 tnon scabbard/' " 
 
 In May 1779, he wrote, 
 
 "A few days ago Madame Riedesel, [who with her hus- 
 band, Baron Riedesel, was living at CoUe, near Simeon] 
 with two of her children, had a narrow escape. As she was 
 going to the barracks in her post chaise, when the carriage 
 had passed a wooden bridge — which are of themselves very 
 terrific, being only so many rough logs laid across beams, 
 without any safeguard on either side — an old rotten pine fell 
 directly between the horses and the chaise, but providentially 
 did no other damage than crushing the two fore wheels to 
 pieces, and laming one of the horses. 
 
 "I am filled with sorrow at being obliged to relate the 
 death of W — , a relative of Sir Watkin Williams Wynne. 
 He had been drinking peach brandy till he became insane; 
 and riding from Charlottesville to the barracks, he contrived 
 to escape his companions, and next morning was found dead 
 in a by -place five miles off, being tracked by the foot -prints 
 of his horse in the snow.' ' 
 
 From the Barracks, to which he had removed in the early 
 part of 1780, he wrote later, 
 
 "The log huts of the men are becoming dangerous from the 
 ravages of insects, that bear the appellation of Sawyers, and 
 are infested with rats of enormous size. The prisoners are 
 deserting in great numbers, especially the Germans, and 
 duels have become very frequent among the German officers. " 
 
 On November 20th, 1780, he wrote from Winchester, 
 
 "About six weeks ago we marched from Charlottesville 
 
38 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 barracks, Congress being apprehensive that Coniwallis in 
 overrunning the Carolinas might by forced marches retake 
 the prisoners. The officers murmured greatly at the step, 
 having been given to understand that they were to remain 
 till exchanged. Many had laid out considerable sums to ren- 
 der their huts comfortable, particularly by replacing the wood 
 chimneys with stone, and to promote association, they had 
 erected a coflfee house, a theatre, a cold bath, &c. My 
 miserable log hut, not more than sixteen feet square, cost 
 between thirty and forty guineas in erecting. The woods had 
 been cleared away for the space of six miles in circumference 
 around the barracks. It had become a little town, and there 
 being more society, most of the officers had resorted thither. 
 After we quitted the barracks, the inhabitants were near a 
 week in destroying the cats that were left behind ; impelled 
 by hunger, they had gone into the woods, and there was rea- 
 son to suppose they would become extremely wild and fero- 
 cious, and would be a great annoyance to their poultry. We 
 crossed the Pignut Ridge, or more properly the Blue Moun- 
 tains, at Woods's Gap, and though considerably loftier than 
 those we crossed in Connecticut, we did not meet with so 
 many difficulties; in short, you scarcely perceive till you are 
 upon the summit that you are gaining an eminence, much 
 less one that is of such a prodigious height, owing to the 
 judicious manner that the inhabitants have made the road, 
 which by its winding renders the ascent extremely easy. 
 After traveling near a mile through a thick wood before you 
 gain the summit of these mountains, when you reach the top, 
 you are suddenly surprised with an unbounded prospect that 
 strikes you with amazement. At the foot of the mountain 
 runs a beautiful river; beyond it is a very extensive plain, 
 interspersed with a variety of objects to render the scene still 
 more delightful ; and about fifty miles distant are the lofty 
 Alleghany Mountains, whose tops are buried in the clouds." 
 As Anbuiry's work is out of print, it will no doubt prove 
 acceptable to give a few extracts, in which are presented 
 the condition of the country, and the state of society, as 
 viewed by a stranger occupying his peculiar circumstances. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 39 
 
 "The plantations are scattered here and there over the 
 land, which is thickly covered with timber. On these there 
 is a dwelling house in the centre, with kitchen, smoke house, 
 and other outhouses detached, and from the various build- 
 ings each plantation has the appearance of a small village. 
 At some little distance from the houses are peach and apple 
 orchards, and scattered over the plantations are the negroes' 
 huts, and tobacco barns, which are large and built of wood 
 for the cure of that article. The houses are most of them 
 built of wood, the roof being covered with shingles, and not 
 always lathed and plastered within; only those of the bet- 
 ter sort are finished in that manner, and painted on the out- 
 side ; the chimneys are often of brick, but the generality of 
 them are wood, coated on the inside with clay; the windows 
 of the better sort are glazed, the rest have only wooden shut- 
 ters. 
 
 "All taverns and public houses in Virginia are called 
 Ordinaries, and 'faith, not improperly in general. They 
 consist of a little house placed in a solitary situation in the 
 middle of the woods, and the usual method of describing the 
 roads is. From such an ordinary to such a one, so many 
 miles. The entertainment you meet with is very poor indeed ; 
 you are seldom able to procure any other fare than eggs and 
 bacon with Indian hoe cake, and at many of them not even 
 that. The only liquors are peach brandy and whiskey. 
 They are not remiss however in making pretty exorbitant 
 charges. Before the war, I was told, one might stop at any 
 plantation, meet with the most courteous treatment, and be 
 supplied with everything gratuitously. Gentlemen hearing 
 of a stranger at an ordinary, would at once send a negro 
 with an invitation to his house. 
 
 "Most of the planters consign the care of their plantations 
 and negroes to an overseer; even the man whose house we 
 rent has his overseer, though he could with ease superintend 
 it himself; but if they possess a few negroes, they think it 
 beneath their dignity; added to which, they are so abomi- 
 nably lazy. I'll give you a sketch of this man's general way 
 of living. He rises about eight o'clock, drinks what he 
 
40 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 calls a julep, which is a large glass of rum sweetened with 
 sugar, then walks, or more generally rides, round his planta- 
 tion, views his stock, \nspects his crops, and returns about 
 ten o'clock to breakfast on cold meat or ham, fried hominy, 
 toast and cider ; tea and coffee are seldom tasted but by the 
 women. He then saunters about the house, sometimes 
 amusing himself with the little negroes who are playing 
 round the door, or else scraping on a fiddle. About twelve 
 or one he drinks a toddy to create him an appetite for dinner, 
 which he sits down to at two o'clock. After he has dined he 
 generally lies down on the bed, rises about five, then perhaps 
 sips some tea with his wife, but commonly drinks toddy till 
 bed time; during all this time he is neither drunk nor sober, 
 but in a state of stupefaction. This is his usual mode of 
 living which he seldom varies ; and he only quits his plan- 
 tation to attend the Court House on court days, or some 
 horse race or cock fight, at which times he gets so egregi- 
 ously drunk, that his wife sends a couple of negroes to con- 
 duct him safe home. 
 
 "Thus the whole management of the plantation is left to 
 the overseer, who as an encouragement to make the most of 
 the crops, gets a certain portion as his wages; but having no 
 interest in the negroes any further than their labor,- he drives 
 and whips them about, and works them beyond their strength, 
 sometimes till they expire. He feels no loss in their death, 
 he knows the plantation must be supplied, and his humanity 
 is estimated by his interest, which rises always above freezing 
 point. It is the poor negroes who alone work hard, and I 
 am sorry to say, fare hard. Incredible is the fatigue which 
 the poor wretches undergo, and it is wonderful that nature 
 should be able to support it. There certainly must be some- 
 thing in their constitution as well as their color different from 
 us, that enables them to endure it. They are called up at 
 daybreak, and seldom allowed to swallow a mouthful of 
 hominy or hoecake, but are drawn out into the field immedi- 
 ately, where they continue at hard labor without intermission 
 till noon, when they go to their dinners, and are seldom 
 allowed an hour for that purpose. Their meal consists of 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMARI<E 41 
 
 hominy and salt, and if their master is a man of humanity, 
 touched by the finer feelings of love and sensibility, he allows 
 them twice a week a little fat, skimmed milk, rusty bacon and 
 salt herring to relish this miserable and scanty fare. The 
 man of this plantation in lieu of these, grants his negroes an 
 acre of ground, and all Saturday afternoons, to raise grain 
 and poultry for themselves. After they have dined, they re- 
 turn to labor in the field till dusk in the evening. Here one 
 naturally imagines the daily labor of these poor creatures 
 was over. Not so. They repair to the tobacco houses where 
 each has a task of stripping allotted, which takes up some 
 hours, or else they have such a quantity of Indian corn to 
 husk; and if they neglect it, they are tied up in the morning, 
 and receive a number of lashes from those unfeeling monsters, 
 the overseers, whose masters suffer them to exercise their 
 brutal authority without restraint. Thus by their night task 
 it is late in the evening before these poor creatures return to 
 their second scanty meal, and the time taken up at it en- 
 croaches upon their hours of sleep, which for refreshment of 
 food and sleep together can never be reckoned to exceed eight. 
 When they lay themselves down to rest, their comforts are 
 equally miserable and limited ; for they sleep on a bench or 
 on the ground, with an old scanty blanket, which serves them 
 at once for bed and covering. Their clothing is not less 
 wretched, consisting of a shirt and trousers of coarse, thin, 
 hard, hempen stuff in the summer, with an addition of a very 
 coarse woolen jacket, breeches and shoes in winter. But 
 since the war the masters, for they cannot get the clothing as 
 usual, sufier them to go in rags, and many in a state of 
 nudity. The female slaves share labor and repose just in the 
 same manner, except a few who are termed house negroes, 
 and are employed in household drudgery. These poor crea- 
 tures are all submissive to injuries and insults, and are obliged 
 to be passive. The law directs the negro's arm to be cut off, 
 who raises it against a white person. Notwithstanding this 
 humiliating state and rigid treatment to which they are sub- 
 ject, they are devoid of care, contented and happy, blest with 
 an easy, satisfied disposition. They always carry out a piece 
 
42 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 of fire, and kindle one near their work, let the weather be 
 ever so hot and sultry. 
 
 "There were, and still are, three degrees of rank among 
 the inhabitants, exclusive of the negroes ; but I am afraid the 
 advantage of distinction will never exist again in this country, 
 in the same manner it did before the commencement of hostil- 
 ities. The first class consists of gentlemen of the best 
 families and fortunes, which are more respectable and 
 numerous here than in any other province. For the most 
 part they have had liberal educations, possess a thorough 
 knowledge of the world, with great ease and freedom in their 
 manners and conversation. Many of them keep their car- 
 riages, have handsome services of plate, and without excep- 
 tion keep their studs, as well as sets of handsome carriage 
 horses. 
 
 "The second class consists of such a strange mixture of 
 character, and of such various descriptions of occupation, 
 being nearly half the inhabitants, that it is difficult to ascer- 
 tain their exact criterion and leading feature. They are 
 however hospitable, generous and friendly; but for a want of 
 a proper knowledge of the world, and a good education, as 
 well as from their continual intercourse with their slaves, 
 over whom they are accustomed to tyrannize, with all their 
 good qualities they are rude, ferocious and haughty, much 
 addicted to gaming and dissipation, particularly horse 
 racing and cock fighting. In short, they form a most un- 
 accountable combination of qualities, directly opposite and 
 contradictory, many having them strangely blended with the 
 best and worst of principles, many possessing elegant accom- 
 plishments and savage brutality; and notwithstanding all 
 this inconsistency of character, numbers are valuable mem- 
 bers of the community, and very few deficient in intellectual 
 faculties. 
 
 "The third class, which in general composes the greatest 
 part of mankind are fewer in Virginia in proportion to the 
 inhabitants, than perhaps in any other country of the world ; 
 yet even those who are rude, illiberal and noisy, with a tur- 
 bulent disposition, are generous, kind and hospitable. We 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 43 
 
 are induced to imagine there is something peculiar in the 
 climate of Virginia, that should render all classes of so hos- 
 pitable a disposition. The lower people possess that imper- 
 tinent curiosity so disagreeable to strangers, but in no degree 
 equal to the inhabitants of New England. They are averse to 
 labor, much addicted to liquor, and when intoxicated ex- 
 tremely savage and revengeful. Their amusements are the 
 same with those of the middling sort, with the addition of 
 boxing matches. 
 
 "We found many gentlemen of the province very liberal 
 and hospitable to the British officers, among whom I may 
 mention Messrs. Randolph, of Tuckahoe, Goode, of Chester- 
 field, and Gary, of Warwick. In conversing with the pris- 
 oners, they carefully refrain from politics. So warm and 
 bigotted was the prevailing spirit, that those who exercisei 
 such courtesy incurred much criticism and censure. Some 
 went so far on this account as to threaten to burn Colonel 
 Randolph's mills. He however treated the matter with an 
 easy independence, offering on the other hand five hundred 
 pounds for the discovery of those who made the threat. 
 
 "There is a place called Kentucky, whose soil is ex- 
 tremely fruitful, and where an abundance of buffaloes is 
 found. The emigration of the people to that place is amaz- 
 ing, seeking thereby to escape the tyranny and oppressions 
 of the Congress, and its upstart dependents. 
 
 "In this neighborhood I visited Colonel Walker, a mem- 
 ber of Congress, and found his home a hospitable house, but 
 unpleasant, because the family chiefly conversed on politics, 
 though with moderation. His father is a man of strong 
 understanding, though considerably above eighty years of 
 age. He freely declared his opinions of what America 
 would be a hundred years hence, and said the people would 
 reverence the resolution of their fathers, and impress the 
 same feeling on their children, so that they would adopt the 
 same measures to secure their freedom, which had been used 
 by their brave ancestors." 
 
 As can be seen by every intelligent reader, some of the 
 information Anbury received from others was erroneous, or 
 
44 HISTORY OF ALBEMARI^E 
 
 misunderstood, many of his observations were no doubt 
 hastily formed, and all related to a country, and people, suf- 
 fering under the hardships of war, and were tinctured by the 
 prejudices and mortification of a vanquished enemy. Still 
 his account is full of interest to those now living, inasmuch 
 as it exhibits the views of a young man of cleverness and 
 education, and especially of one who spent nearly two years 
 of that memorable era on the soil of the county, and among 
 the men who were then the conductors of its affairs. Copies 
 of his Travels, as his book was called, are now rarely to be 
 found. 
 
 Not long before the removal of the prisoners, an unhappy 
 tragedy occurred at the Barracks. James Garland, Jr., an 
 officer of the guards, was killed by I,awrence ■ Mansfield 
 while on duty as a sentinel. According to all the traditions 
 connected with the case, it was a justifiable homicide. It 
 was owing to a refusal to halt and give the countersign. 
 The motive of Garland is differently explained. One ac- 
 count represents him as designing to test the competence 
 and fidelity of the guard. Another version has it, that he 
 was indulging a spirit of frolic. With a number of compan- 
 ions he had been invited to ah entertainment in the neighbor- 
 hood. As they mounted their horses, he announced that he 
 would have a little fun with the sentry. He preceded the 
 others, and approaching the station was hailed. He con- 
 tinued to ride on heedless of the warning. The sentinel 
 raised his gun, and intended, as he said afterwards, to fire 
 above the offender; but just as the gun was discharged, 
 Garland's horse reared, and the ball struck the rider's head 
 with fatal effect. His remains were buried on his farm some 
 miles west of Batesville, and but a few years ago his grave 
 was pointed out near the cabin of a negro, who in the 
 changes of the times had become the owner of the place. 
 The will of the unfortunate man is on record, and from the 
 serious spirit with which it is pervaded, one would judge 
 that the first account more probably indicates the reason of 
 his conduct. 
 
 The Tarleton Raid upon Charlottesville took place in June, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 45 
 
 1781. With two hundred and fifty horse, the British com- 
 mander was passing Louisa C. H. at a rapid rate, when they 
 were seen by John Jouett, who at the time was a temporary 
 sojourner at the place. Suspecting their object, he leaped 
 on his horse, and being familiar with the roads he took the 
 shortest cuts, and soon left the enemy behind. He obtained 
 a considerable advantage in addition by the detention Tarle- 
 ton underwent at Castle Hill, where he stopped for breakfast, 
 and for the capture of several members of the Legislature who 
 were visiting Dr. Walker. Meeting an acquaintance near 
 Milton, he despatched him to Monticello to warn Mr. Jeffer- 
 son, who was then Governor of the State, while he pushed 
 on to give the alarm at Charlottesville. By this means the 
 Legislature which had just convened at that place, was 
 notified in time to adjourn, and make a precipitate retreat 
 to Staunton. After a short interval Tarleton and his troop 
 entered the town. Though disappointed in their main object, 
 they remained a part of two days, and it is said destroyed a 
 thousand firelocks, four hundred barrels of powder, together 
 with a considerable quantity of clothing and tobacco. The 
 most important as well as most useless waste they committed, 
 was the destruction of the public records already mentioned 
 — a great contrast to the orders given the ofl&cer detailed to 
 Monticello, to allow nothing on the premises to be injured. 
 It is stated that Captain John Martin, a son-in-law of old 
 David Lewis, was stationed in the town with two hundred 
 men. Had they been seasonably apprised of the real state of 
 the case, they might have lain in ambush in the gorge below 
 Monticello, and sent the enemy on their return more quickly 
 th'an they came. But the suddenness of the alarm, the uncer- 
 tainty respecting the numbers approaching, and the wide- 
 spread terror of Tarleton's name, probably led Captain Martin 
 to think that the most prudent course was to withdraw from 
 the scene. 
 
 While at Charlottesville, Tarleton made his headquarters 
 at the Farm, the residence of Nicholas Lewis. The story is 
 told, that in living on the enemy, the British soldiers speedily 
 made way with a fine flock of ducks belonging to Mrs. Lewis, 
 
46 HISTORY OF AI^BKMARLE 
 
 at the same time for some reason laying no hands on its 
 veteran leader. When after Tarleton's departure she was 
 informed of her loss, she promptly ordered a servant to take 
 the forlorn drake, and riding after the Colonel to present it 
 to him with her compliments. Appreciating the courteous 
 irony of the act, the Colonel bade the servant present his 
 mistress in return his profoundest thanks. It is also related, 
 that Mrs. lyewis was not as bitter in her feelings towards the 
 invaders of her country as the other members of her family, 
 and that the arm chair in which Tarleton sat while an inmate 
 of her house was ever after cherished as an object of special 
 veneration. 
 
 As the buildings of Charlottesville were not numerous at 
 that period, it is a question of some interest where the Legis- 
 lature held its sessions. It is rather singular that no authen- 
 tic tradition in regard to it has been handed down. It has 
 been claimed, that they convened in the tavern which stood 
 on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets, where the City- 
 Hall now stands. The same claim has been made respecting 
 the old Swan Tavern. The house, which is situated in the 
 rear of the late Thomas Wood's, and which is said to have 
 been removed from the public square in front of the court 
 house as a cottage of the Eagle Tavern, has also been pointed 
 out as the building ; but it is not likely that the Eagle Tavern 
 was built as early as the Revolutionary War. The strong 
 probability is that the courthouse was the place of their 
 meeting. It may have been this circumstance that brought 
 Tarleton's vengeance on its contents ; and for nearly fifty years 
 subsequent to that date, it afforded accommodation to almost 
 all the public assemblies of the town, both civil and ecclesi- 
 astical. 
 
 The anecdote is recounted by the historians of Augusta 
 County in regard to Patrick Henry flying with breathless 
 haste, when a rumor of Tarleton's approach created a panic 
 in Staunton. The same story is told, with the scene laid in 
 Albemarle, and a sturdy Scotch Irish matron of the Blue 
 Ridge section as the great man's devoted admirer. The ora- 
 tor with two companions in their flight to Staunton, alighted 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 47 
 
 at a house near the Ridge to procure the means of refreshing 
 their weary frames after their hard ride. The mother of the 
 household, while superintending a supply for their wants, 
 learned that they were members of the Legislature, and were 
 escaping from the dreaded Tarleton. She eyed them with 
 evident contempt, and at length declared her firm belief, that 
 if Patrick Henry had been there, he never would have 
 quailed before the foe. "Why, madam," said one of his 
 friends, laughing, "there is the man himself!" The 
 announcement received no credit, till the silence of the dis- 
 tinguished fugitive brought about a reluctant assent. The 
 looks of the woman betrayed her utter amazement, and she 
 no doubt thought that things were indeed fast rushing to ruin, 
 when the idol of her trust had so wofulls'' failed. 
 
 It seems there were owners of land in Albemarle, whose 
 sympathies ran on the British side during the Revolution. 
 Under the law confiscating the property of such persons to 
 the State, six inquisitions were held in the year 1779 before 
 Peter Marks, the public escheator. One of these referred to 
 eight hundred acres of John Ividderdale on Buck Mountain 
 Creek, and was held on the premises ; another to Lot Twenty- 
 Two in Charlottesville, on which the former Presbyterian 
 Church stands, and which belonged to Robert Bain; another 
 to seven and a half acres adjoining Charlottesville on the east, 
 belonging to Donald Scott & Co., the property afterwards 
 owned by Judge Dabney Carr, and later the home of Ira 
 Garrett; both of these inquisitions were held in Charlottes- 
 ville. Another referred to more than three thousand acres 
 on Ivy Creek, and fifty-two negroes, the property of Francis 
 Jerdone, including the Farmington estate, and was held at 
 the house of his steward, James Garland, Jr. ; another to two 
 hundred acres on the south fork of Hardware, and the last to 
 four hundred and fifty acres on James River, both tracts 
 belonging to Henderson, McCaul & Co., the inquisition on 
 the former being held on the premises, and that on the latter 
 at the house of Charles Irving. In all these cases the juries 
 rendered a verdict of condemnation. Robert Bain however 
 appears to have made his peace with the State, as in 1781 the 
 
48 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Ivegislature by a special act restored his estate, or made com- 
 pensation for whatever part had been sold, on condition of 
 his taking the oath of allegiance. Francis Jerdone too must 
 in some way have made proper amends in the public eye, as 
 he himself sold the same property to George Divers in 1785. 
 It may be interesting to mention the names of the jury which 
 sat in Charlottesville : James Kerr, foreman, James Marks, 
 Thomas Garth, Bennett Henderson, Charles Lilburn I,ewis, 
 Benjamin Dod Wheeler, Richard Woods, Charles Statham, 
 John Key, Benajah Gentry, Isham I^ewis, William Grayson 
 and Jacob Oglesby. In this connection it may be stated, that 
 in August 1785 a deed from Thomas Meriwether, heir-at-law 
 of Captain David Meriwether, to Chiles Terrell was ordered to 
 be recorded, and a note was entered at the same time, that 
 the same deed had been presented at November Court 1777, 
 but its record had been refused, because of the suspicion that 
 Mr. Terrell had not taken the oath of allegiance. In all 
 ages, such differences of opinion have occurred in the trying 
 ordeals of warm political strife. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 49 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 A weather-beaten stone lies near the centre of Maplewood 
 Cemetery in Charlottesville, inscribed with the name of 
 I/etitia Shelby, and the statement that she departed this life 
 on September 7th, 1777. This Cemetery was not laid out 
 until 1831. Previous to that time families of the town were 
 generally in the habit of interring their dead in their own 
 lots. A public graveyard however is said to have existed on 
 the road to Cochran's Mill, about where the residence of 
 Drury Wood now stands, and from this place this stone was 
 removed after Maplewood was established. It is declared by 
 descendants of the Shelby family, that this I,etitia was the 
 wife of General E)van Shelby, and mother of General Isaac 
 Shelby, the first Governor of Kentucky. A curious inquiry 
 arises how she came to be in Charlottesville, or in Albe- 
 marle County, at the time of her death. 
 
 Evan Shelby was an immigrant from Wales, and at first 
 settled in Maryland, near Hagerstown. There his son Isaac 
 was born in 1750. In the year 1771 father and son were both 
 in southwestern Virginia, in the neighborhood of Bristol; 
 and there the home of Evan Shelby continued to be during 
 his life. It is natural to suppose that his wife, whose maiden 
 name was I^etitia Cox, accompanied them to their new home 
 in the West. Whether she was visiting friends in Albemarle, 
 or was passing through on a journey, at the period of her 
 last sickness, it is perhaps impossible now to ascertain. 
 But the plain, well preserved inscription on her tombstone 
 leaves no doubt that this vicinity was the place of her death. 
 A tradition in the Floyd family states, that about 1680 a 
 Nathaniel Davis, who was also a native of Wales, married a 
 child of Nicketti, a daughter of the Indian Chief, Opechan- 
 canough, the brother of Powhatan. Robert Davis was a son 
 of these parents, and an ancestor of Jefferson Davis, President 
 of the Confederacy; and a granddaughter of Robert Davis 
 —4 
 
50 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 was the wife of Evan Shelby. Probability is lent to this 
 account by the fact, that Robert Davis had a son named 
 Samuel, who would thus be the uncle of I,etitia Shelby ; and 
 Samuel Davis was the owner of several tracts of land in 
 Albemarle, on the north fork of Rockfish, on Green Creek, 
 and on both sides of Moore's Creek, adjoining the Carter 
 lands. At the time of her death, Mrs. Shelby may have been 
 visiting the family of this man. 
 
 General George Rogers Clark, the famous conqueror of 
 the North West Territory, first saw the light in Albemarle. 
 His grandfather, Jonathan Clark, of King and Queen County, 
 joined with Hickman, Graves and Smith, as already men- 
 tioned, in patenting more than three thousand acres of land 
 on the north side of the Rivanna, opposite the Free Bridge. 
 In the division of this land, the upper portion fell to Clark; 
 and in a house situated a short distance from the present 
 residence of Captain C. M. McMurdo, John Clark, the son 
 of Jonathan, lived, and George Rogers was born. The wife 
 of John Clark, and mother of George, was Ann Rogers, a 
 sister of Giles, George and Byrd Rogers, all of whom pos- 
 sessed land in Albemarle, in the Buck Mountain region. 
 The birth of George Rogers Clark occurred in 1752, and 
 when he was about five years of age his father removed to 
 Caroline, where a kinsman had devised to him a handsome 
 estate. It is not known that in his active and eventful life, 
 the General was ever again in the county of his birth but 
 once. In the fall of 1777 he travelled from Kentucky to 
 Richmond, to procure means for setting on foot the expedi- 
 tion to Illinois, which he had already conceived, and which 
 he carried out the next year. His route lay through Cum- 
 berland Gap, and the Holston country. He came down the 
 Valley, and crossed the Blue Ridge at Rockfish Gap, or one 
 of the gaps just above. He states in his diary that he spent 
 the night at a Mr. Black's, who was beyond question James 
 Black, a son of the old Presbyterian minister, who kept a 
 tavern on the place afterwards owned by Alexander Garrett, 
 and his son. Dr. Boiling Garrett. On his way to Richmond 
 next day he passed through Charlottesville, where he tarried 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMARI,E 51 
 
 long enough to purchase a pair of shoes. During this visit 
 to Richmond he became acquainted with Mr. Jefferson, and 
 deeply impressed him with his vigorous and heroic qualities. 
 In a letter Jefferson wrote to Judge Innes, of Kentucky, in 
 1791, he says, 
 
 "Will it not be possible for you to bring General Clark 
 forward? I know the greatness of his mind, and am the 
 more mortified at the cause which obscures it. Had not this 
 unhappily taken place, there was nothing he might not have 
 hoped; could it be surmounted, his lost ground might yet 
 be recovered. No man alive rated him higher than I did, and 
 would again, were he to become again what I knew him. 
 We are made to hope he is engaged in writing the account 
 of his expedition north of the Ohio. They will be valuable 
 morsels of history, and will justify to the world those who 
 have told them how great he was." 
 
 William Clark, who was associated with Meriwether 
 Ivcwis in his exploring tour across the Rocky Mountains, 
 was a brother of George, but he was born in Caroline in 1770. 
 
 Albemarle was the place of residence of Doctor Thomas 
 Walker, one of the most remarkable men of his day. With his 
 expeditions to southwest Virginia were connected some inter- 
 esting and romantic facts of personal history. In the course 
 of these travels he made the acquaintance of William Inglis, 
 who married a Draper, planted the first white settlement west 
 of the Alleghanies at Draper's Meadows, near the present 
 site of Blacksburg, and subsequently spent his remaining 
 days at Inglis's Ferry on New River. Inglis and his family 
 suffered the common penalty of those who led the way in 
 peopling the wilderness. His wife and children were cap- 
 tured by the Indians, his wife marvellously escaped the same 
 year, but his son Thomas was retained among them for a 
 period of thirteen years. Being in the plastic season of 
 childhood, the latter became so thoroughly inured to the 
 habits of Indian life, that it was difficult to break their power ; 
 in fact, it never was wholly broken. However, when his father 
 penetrated the remote forests of Ohio to effect his ransom, 
 he seemed to feel the promptings of natural affection, and 
 
52 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI,E 
 
 returned with him to the old home. After being taught his 
 native language, and the rudiments of learning, he was sent 
 to Castle Hill, and placed under Doctor Walkers's care. 
 Here he continued for three or four years, and made consid- 
 erable progress in the elementary branches of education. 
 But here he was also brought under a spell, which softened 
 him far more than all the endearments of parental love, and 
 all the mollifying influence of letters. He fell in love with 
 a young woman of the neighborhood named Eleanor Grills. 
 A John Grills in 1745 and subsequent years, became the 
 owner by patent and purchase of more than two thousand 
 acres of land in the county, part of it lying on Moore's Creek, 
 where he built a mill, and where one has continued ever 
 since, on the present site of Hartman's Mill. He was also 
 the original purchaser of lyOt Eighteen in the new county 
 seat, the western half of the square on which I,ipscomb's 
 stable stands. Although he seems to have sold his possessions 
 in Albemarle about the time Thomas Inglis came to the 
 county, it is likely he continued to reside here or in Louisa, 
 and that Eleanor was his daughter. At all events young 
 Inglis, when he returned to his father's house in 1772, was 
 bound to her by a promise of marriage. He was a Lieuten- 
 ant in Colonel Christian's regiment in the battle of Point 
 Pleasant in 1774; and the next year, crowned with the lau- 
 rels of successful warfare, he returned to Albemarle, and 
 secured the hand of his bride. He first settled on Wolf Creek 
 of New River ; but unable to repress the roving disposition 
 contracted during his sojourn among the Indians, he soon 
 removed to Burke's Garden, where in an incursion of the 
 savages he nearly lost his wife, then to Knoxville, and 
 finally to Natchez in Mississippi, where at length he closed 
 his wanderings with the close of his life. 
 
 Another incident of personal history may be noted , illustrat- 
 ing the progress of the early settlements, and the fortunes of 
 individuals. As previously stated, a Dennis Doyle patented 
 in 1741 eight hundred acres of land on the north fork of 
 Moorman's River, and from him the stream acquired its name. 
 In 1749 Doyle conveyed to William Battersby, the lawyer, a 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 53 
 
 tract of four hundred acres on Biscuit Run, another of four 
 hundred in North Garden, and another of eight hundred on 
 Totier Creek. He appears to have been a man of means, 
 and to have been still living in the county in 1760; as in 
 that year was born within its limits John Doyle, who was in 
 all probability a son of Dennis. At the age of eighteen, 
 John accompanied the march of General George Rogers Clark 
 into the North West Territory. Returning to Albemarle, 
 he joined the army, and served to the close of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. The year after the surrender at Yorktown, he 
 was a private in Colonel Crawford's disastrous expedition 
 against the Ohio Indians, but fortunately got back to the 
 settlements in safety, In 1786 he went to Kentucky near 
 Maysville, was a friend of Simon Kenton, and for three years 
 occupied the post of captain of scouts on the Ohio River. 
 He was in service with General Harmar in 1790, and under 
 Scott with General Wayne in 1794. He then settled in what is 
 now 1/ewis County, Kentucky, where he discharged the duties 
 of a magistrate for more than twenty years. But his active 
 and adventurous life was not yet ended. In 1813 he enlisted 
 again under General Shelby, and took part in the battle of the 
 Thames. He survived until May 1847, having nearly com- 
 pleted his eighty-seventh year, and blest with the vigorous 
 exercise of his powers to the end. In all his long life he was 
 seldom sick, and in all his exposure to peril he was never 
 wounded. 
 
 The depreciation in the paper money of the country at the 
 close of the Revolution, was apparent in the enormous prices 
 paid for land. One hundred acres in the southern part of the 
 county, not far from Heard's Mountain, sold for five thousand 
 pounds, fifty acres on Buck Mountain Creek for four thou- 
 sand, and a hundred and eighty-eight acres on Moorman's 
 River for six thousand. Samuel Dedman sold to James 
 Lewis ten acres on the Ragged Mountains beyond the Uni- 
 versity, for ten thousand pounds, while Samuel Muse sold to 
 Andrew Monroe, a brother of the President, two hundred and 
 seven acres at the head of Mechum's River for twenty thou- 
 sand, the same tract which two years before, also in war times, 
 
54 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI<E 
 
 brought eight hundred and thirty, and which sixteen years 
 before, with two hundred acres in addition, brought only 
 thirty-five. At the same time John Curd sold to John Coles 
 two hundred acres for fifty pounds "hard money," and 
 Matthew Mills, of Guilford County, North Carolina, sold to 
 William I^eigh five hundred and seventy -five acres, not far 
 east of the Miller School, for two hundred pounds sterling. 
 All these sales took place the latter part of ITSl.^^The story 
 is told by tradition, that George Divers rode from Philadel- 
 phia to Albemarle, and broke down five horses in the ride, 
 to purchase Farmington with paper money, and that the pur- 
 chase had scarcely been consummated when the money became 
 worthless ; but as this transfer did not occur till 1785, the 
 story may admit of some doubt. _( 
 
 A large part of the business of the County Court immedi- 
 ately after the Revolution consisted in certifying to bills for 
 supplies furnished the army and the Barracks prisoners, to 
 the value of articles taken for public use, and to pensions for 
 soldiers disabled in the service. The location of the prison 
 camp in the county proved a great pecuniary benefit to the 
 inhabitants. From a long distance in the surrounding coun- 
 try they carried thither, and to the different places where the 
 officers lodged, quantities of corn, flour, meal, beef, pork and 
 wood. In the prostration of business, and the consequent 
 hard times occasioned by a state of hostilities, the demand 
 for these commodities afforded a convenient market, of which 
 most other parts of the country were destitute. It is said 
 that Colonel William Cabell mainly paid for the fine Oak 
 Hill estate in Nelson with the various kinds of produce fur- 
 nished the Barracks, the land having been confiscated because 
 the former owners were alien enemies. Colonel John Coles 
 was allowed three hundred pounds for horses taken by Baron 
 Steuben. Hastings Marks received remuneration for horses 
 and wagons employed in the service. Joseph Morton was 
 allowed five pounds, six shillings, and eight pence for his 
 gun, "taken for the militia in 1781," and Edmund Woody 
 was recompensed for his, "taken during the late invasion." 
 Captain John Martin was awarded an allowance for conduct- 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 55 
 
 ing the Convention troops, that is, the Barracks prisoners, to 
 Frederick, Maryland. The detachments of the army men- 
 tioned as having been supplied in this vicinity, were Baron 
 Steuben's Command, Colonel Armand's Ivegion, and Captain 
 Walker's Company. John Burton and Richard Marshall 
 were assigned pensions at the rate of forty dollars a year. 
 For the purpose of establishing proper lines of inheritance, 
 it was certified that Charles Goolsby, corporal, and James 
 and John Goolsby, privates, died in the service, Charles 
 and James having been taken prisoners at Germantown, and 
 that William Hardin was killed at Ninety Six, and John 
 Gillaspy, of the Ninth Virginia, at Germantown. 
 
 The statute guaranteeing religious freedom having been 
 enacted, the law which required all marriages to be solemn- 
 ized by ministers of the established Church was abolished, 
 and the courts were authorized to license ministers of all 
 denominations to perform that ceremony. In accordance 
 with this provision, William Irvin, Presbyterian, was licensed 
 to celebrate the rite in 1784, and Matthew Maury, Fpisco- 
 palian, and William Woods, Benjamin Burgher and Martin 
 Dawson, Baptists, the next year. The first Methodist min- 
 ister mentioned as receiving such a license, was Athanasius 
 Thomas, who lived near the present site of Crozet. This 
 occurred in 1793, and was followed in 1797 by the licensing 
 of William Calhoun, Presbyterian, and John Gibson, Metho- 
 dist. John Shepherd, Methodist, was licensed in 1798. 
 
 The migratory spirit which characterized the early settlers, 
 was rapidly developed at this period. Removals to other 
 parts of the country had begun some years before the Revo- 
 lution. The direction taken at first was towards the South. 
 A numerous body of emigrants from Albemarle settled in 
 North Carolina. After the war many emigrated to Georgia, 
 but a far greater number hastened to fix their abodes on the 
 fertile lands of the West, especially the blue grass region of 
 Kentucky. For a time the practice was prevalent on the part 
 of those expecting to change their domicile, of applying to 
 the County Court for a formal recommendation of character, 
 and certificates were given, declaring them to be honest men 
 
56 HISTORY OF ALBEMARI,E 
 
 and good citizens. Among those who were thus commended 
 to the people of Georgia, were James Marks, one of the 
 magistrates, Abraham Eades, William Sandridge, Christo- 
 pher Clark, Bennett Henderson, and William and Samuel 
 Sorrow. James Marks was not long after followed by his 
 brother. Colonel John Marks, who removed during his in- 
 cumbency in the ofSce of Sheriff. An act of the Legislature 
 was passed in November 1788, which recited that no sale of 
 lands in Albemarle County delinquent for taxes for the years 
 1786 and 1787, was legally possible, because of John Marks, 
 Sheriff of said county, removing some time within those 
 years to Georgia, and which therefore authorized William 
 Clark, one of his deputies, to make such sales. 
 
 The increasing business of the colonies, the desire to 
 develop their resources, and perhaps the threatening aspect 
 of their relations with the mother country, led to early efforts 
 to manufacture iron in this county. Three men from Balti- 
 more, Nathaniel Giles, John I,ee Webster, and John Wilkin- 
 son, bought land for this purpose in the latter part of 1768. 
 Giles and Webster disappear after the first purchase. The 
 next year Wilkinson was joined by John Old, from I,ancaster 
 County, Pennsylvania, and they made further purchases along 
 the Hardware in the vicinity of North Garden and the Cove. 
 In 1771 the Albemarle Furnace Company was formed, with a 
 capital of two thousand pounds, the following gentlemen 
 being stockholders, James Buchanan to the amount of three 
 hundred pounds. Dr. William Cabell of two hundred. 
 Colonel William Cabell of two hundred, Joseph Cabell 
 of one hundred, Edward Carter of three hundred, Allen 
 Howard of two hundred, Thoipas Jefferson of one hun- 
 dred, Nicholas lycwis of one hundred, John Scott of one 
 hundred, John Walker of one hundred, and Dr. Thomas 
 Walker of three hundred. Larger areas of mineral land were 
 purchased on the lower Hardware, and among the Ragged 
 Mountains. As far as can be ascertained, three furnaces 
 were built, one about a mile below Carter's Bridge, giving to 
 a colonial church erected near by the name of the Forge 
 Church, another where the old Lynchburg Road crosses the 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLB 57 
 
 north fork of Hardware, long known as Old's Forge, and 
 the third on the south fork of Hardware below the Falls, and 
 south of Garland's Store. The last still remains in a toler- 
 able state of preservation, though covered with a thick 
 growth of bushes and small trees. Local traditions yet 
 linger, that ore was excavated near North Garden and the 
 Cove during the Revolutionary War. Mr. Jefferson states in 
 his Notes, that among the iron mines worked in Virginia at 
 the time of their composition, was "Old's, on the north side 
 of James River in Albemarle." The enterprise however ap- 
 pears not to have been successful. Colonel Old soon became a 
 farmer, instead of an iron -master. A suit instituted in the 
 County Court under the style of Cabell v. Wilkinson to wind 
 up the affairs of the Company, was determined in 1796, and 
 Andrew Hart and Samuel Dyer as Commissioners made sale 
 of all the lands, Nicholas Cabell becoming the purchaser. 
 Of all the mines opened by Wilkinson and Old, the only one 
 now remaining is that known as the Betsy Martin Mine in 
 Cook's Mountain, near North Garden; and though its ore 
 seems rich and plentiful, it has not been worked for a number 
 of years, because of some foreign ingredient which impairs 
 its utility. 
 
 In 1789, and the years succeeding, an eager ambition was 
 manifested to build up towns in the county. At the first 
 mentioned date an act of the I/Cgislature was passed, vesting 
 one hundred acres of the land of Bennett Henderson at a place 
 on the Rivanna called the Shallows, in Wilson C. Nicholas, 
 Francis Walker, Edward Carter, Charles L. I^ewis, William 
 Clark, Howell lycwis and Edward Moore, to be laid out as a 
 town, and sold in half acre lots, and to be called Milton. 
 More than twenty lots were sold in the next ten years. The 
 first disposed of was bought by Christian Wertenbaker, and 
 among others who became lot holders were Joel Shiflett, 
 Edward Butler, Richard Price, James and John Key, William 
 Clark, Jacob Oglesby, George Bruce and Joseph J. Monroe. 
 The village was soon in a thriving state, rapidly growing, 
 and transacting a prosperous business. Up to the war of 1812 
 it was the chief commercial centre of the county. Except in 
 
58 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI.E 
 
 time of freshets, it was the head of navigation on the 
 Rivanna, and became the shipping port of perhaps three- 
 fourths of the county, aUd of a large section of the Valley. 
 Some who have but recently been gathered to their fathers, 
 could remember the long lines of wagons that formerly passed 
 over Swift Run and Brown's Gaps, and crossed the South West 
 Mountain at Hammock's (Thurman's) Gap, bringing their 
 loads of grain, flour and tobacco to the warehouses of the 
 newly erected town. The brook on the north side of the 
 river, which at first bore the romantic name of Mountain Palls 
 Creek, became at this time Camping Branch, from the multi- 
 tude of wagoners who camped with their teams along its 
 banks. Milton was the seat of a public Tobacco Warehouse, 
 called Henderson's, long after the Henderson family had 
 removed to Kentucky, and regularly equipped with a corps 
 of inspectors; for many years William D. Fitch, Jacob 
 Oglesby, John Fagg and Richard Gambell discharged the 
 functions pertaining to that office. A large merchant mill 
 was also erected by the Hendersons. A number of firms 
 conducted the trade of the place, and in some cases laid the 
 foundation of large fortunes ; among these were Fleming and 
 McClanahan, Henderson and Conard, Peyton and Price, 
 Divers, Rives & Co., Brown, Rives & Co., Martin Dawson, 
 William and Julius Clarkson, David Higginbotham & Co. 
 Its business gradually declined as Charlottesville grew ; and 
 when the town of Scottsville was established, and the site of 
 the University fixed near the county seat, its prestige was 
 completely broken, and it quietly subsided into the straggling 
 hamlet which now crowns the river hill. 
 
 About the same time Warren was projected by Wilson C. 
 Nicholas on James River, at the mouth of Ballenger's Creek. 
 A few lots were sold and a few houses built. An extensive 
 mill and distillery were erected and carried on for some years 
 by Samuel Sbelton & Co. A large stone tavern was built by 
 Jacob Kinney, afterwards of Staunton, rented for some time, 
 and finally sold to William Brown, under whose management 
 it made a prominent figure in its day. At this village was 
 located another Tobacco Warehouse called Nicholas's, which 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 59 
 
 in the early part of the century shipped about as many hogs- 
 heads as Henderson's. The first inspectors were Clifton 
 Garland, Abraham Eades, Samuel Childress, Robert Moor- 
 man and John T. Holman. Beyond these enterprises Warren 
 never made much progress. 
 
 About the beginning of the century plans were outlined for 
 four other towns, ot which even the memory has perished 
 from among men. One was North Milton, laid out by 
 Thomas Mann Randolph on the north side of the Rivanna, 
 opposite Milton. It was established by the I^egislature and 
 placed in the hands of trustees. Those appointed to that 
 office were Francis Walker, William D. Meriwether, Edward 
 Moore, James Barbour, William Bache, George Divers, Hore 
 Brouse Trist, Edward Garland and David Higginbotham. 
 It appears the only lot ever sold was I^ot numbered Eight, 
 and that was conveyed to John Watson in 1802. Still another 
 Tobacco Warehouse was established here, and for a short 
 period conducted under the same inspection that had the 
 oversight of the warehouse at Milton. But the place was 
 over shadowed by its neighbor across the river, and from 
 all indications, never had more than a name. 
 
 The other three attempts were private speculations. 
 Travellers' Grove, a name suggestive of refreshment and 
 repose, was planned by Colonel John Everett at the junction 
 of what are now known as the Lynchburg and the Taylor's 
 Gap Roads. Four lots formally numbered, but apparently 
 unmarked by improvements of any kind, were sold to a Paul 
 Apple, and subsequently underwent two other transfers. 
 There their history terminates. Not long after Colonel 
 Everett disposed of the environs of the new town, and removed 
 to Cabell County. He was succeeded in the possession of 
 Travellers' Grove by James Kinsolving, Jr., in whose time 
 the name was changed to Pleasant Grove. In later years 
 the place was purchased by the Methodist churches of the 
 adjacent circuit for a parsonage, and though held now by 
 other hands, it still goes in the neighborhood by that name. 
 
 Another of these mushroom creations was New York, or 
 as it was colloquially spoken of, Little York. It was estab- 
 
60 HISTORY OF ALBKMAELS 
 
 lished by James Hays at the foot of the Blue Ridge, a few- 
 hundred yards north of the present road to Staunton. At 
 the time it was laid out, the road passed along its main 
 street. Ivike Charlottesville it was divided into lots and out 
 lots. Its first inhabitants were for the most part Germans 
 from Pennsylvania, Greegors, Spieces, Hallers, Ivandcrafts. 
 Its manufactories were a smith's shop, and a tanyard. It 
 was once the seat of a postof&ce, and had a meeting house. 
 More than that, it had a place on the map of Virginia^ 
 published in 1824. At present no sign of buildings or streets 
 can be seen, its very ruins have disappeared, and its site is a 
 fertile field, on which a late proprietor raised the most abun- 
 dant crop of corn he has ever gathered. 
 
 In some respects the most remarkable of these temporary 
 municipalities was Morgantown ,a place well known, but not by 
 that name. It was a pretentious city on paper, laid off into at 
 least two hundred and fifteen lots, and wood lots, as they 
 were called. It was situated on the main road to Staunton, 
 about a mile west of Ivy Depot. It was planned by a man 
 named Gideon Morgan, and sold by lottery at the rate of 
 fifty dollars a ticket. The special attraction was lyot One 
 Hundred and Seventy-six, on which were built a large brick 
 house and stable, and this attraction had such power that 
 tickets were purchased by persons, not only in Albemarle, 
 but also from the surrounding counties, Frederick, Shenan- 
 doah, Rockingham, Bath, Augusta, Rockbridge, Fluvanna, 
 and even places as far distant as Henrico and Lancaster 
 Counties, and the city of Philadelphia. Among those who 
 participated in the affair from Augusta were Chesley Kinney, 
 Jacob Swoope and Judge John Coalter; while from Albe- 
 marle were Peter and John Carr, Isaac Miller, Elijah Garth, 
 Richard Gambell, Andrew Kean and Thomas Wells. The 
 fortunate ticket-holder was George Anderson, of Greenbrier ^ 
 who sold the place to Benjamin Hardin. In 1821 Anderson's 
 widow, then living in Montgomery County, conveyed her 
 interest in the property to Hardin, to whom Morgan also sold 
 his remaining land. Hardin kept tavern there down to 1827 
 or 1828, when the place was sold for his debts. As the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 61 
 
 Other lots lay on bare fields and forest , running up on Turner' s 
 Mountain, the owners most probably quietly abandoned 
 them, and allowed them to lapse into Hardin's possession. 
 In 1814 however, Micajah Woods and wife conveyed to Har- 
 din two lots which had been drawn by William Davenport, 
 and Taylor and Newbold, of Philadelphia, conveyed to him 
 another in 1821. Altogether one hundred and nine persons 
 bought tickets, and Morgan derived from his few acres, 
 nearly twice as much as the county derived from the thou- 
 sand acres on which Charlottesville was built. Intoxicated 
 by his success, he went over to Rockingham and projected 
 another town not far from Port Republic, which he named 
 New Haven ; but in this attempt he was not so highly 
 prospered. The last heard of him, he was living in Rowan 
 County, Tennessee As will be readily conjectured, the brick 
 house and stable are still standing, the same that Francis 
 McGee occupied as a tavern after Hardin, and that was 
 recently the residence of his daughter, Mrs. John J. Woods. 
 
 It may be stated, that another town, called Barterbrook, 
 spread itself in the books more extensively than it did on the 
 face of the earth. Its situation was on the west side of the 
 road to Stony Point, just where it crosses the branch oppo- 
 site Ifiberty Church. It contained a tanyard, and a tavern, 
 which had the significant appellation of Pinch'em-slyly. A 
 muster ground was contiguous, where the militia company 
 of the district assembled to perform their exercises, and 
 where Joshua Key, a neighboring magistrate, was often 
 called upon to exert his authority for the preservation of the 
 peace. According to the records, L,ot Fifty -Six in Barter- 
 brook was conveyed by William Smith to Thomas Travil- 
 lian's heirs, by said heirs to Pleasant Sandridge, of Green 
 County, Kentucky, and by Sandridge to Dr. John Gilmer, 
 when it became a part of the Edgemont estate. A successor 
 in some sort, possessing the same name, and consisting 
 principally of a tanyard conducted by Bernard Carr, was at 
 a later date located in the western part of the county, near 
 Mechum's River. 
 
 An impression has prevailed with many, that the cele- 
 
62 HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE 
 
 brated statesman and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin, was 
 once a visitor in Albemarle, and while here purchased a plan- 
 tation for his son. There is no real ground for this impres- 
 sion. A Benjamin Franklin did live in the county in its 
 early days, but he came from Orange, and died in 1751. 
 Franklin, the philosopher, appears never to have been South 
 but once, and then he visited Charleston, South Carolina, mak- 
 ing the journey most probably by sea. He had but one son 
 who lived beyond maturity, who in all likelihood was never 
 South at all, and who was the Tory Governor of New Jersey, 
 obliged at the close of the Revolution to leave the country, 
 never to return.* But it is true, that a grandson of Franklin 
 came to Albemarle, bought property, and resided on it for a 
 short time. His name was William Bache, the son of Frank- 
 lin's daughter, and already referred to as one of the trustees 
 of North Milton. In 1799 he purchased from James Key the 
 farm which is known as the old Craven place, and which 
 Still bears the name of Franklin. The letters of the Jeffer- 
 son household about that period make mention of him and 
 his family. His son, Benjamin Franklin Bache, a distin- 
 guished surgeon in the navy, is stated in Appleton's Bio- 
 graphical Cyclopedia to have been born at Monticello, 
 February 7th, 1801. William Bache was evidently not blest 
 with prosperity. He incurred many debts, was harrassed 
 with many lawsuits, gave a deed of trust to Thomas Mann 
 Randolph to sell Franklin, and left the State. He was a 
 physician by profession. His place was sold to Richard 
 Sampson in 1804. Dr. Bache while here also invested in 
 Charlottesville lots. He bought from David Ross I^ots 
 Forty-Three and Forty-Four, now cut in two by the track 
 of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad ; and in 1837 they were 
 conveyed to Dr. Hardin Massie by his son B. F. Bache and 
 his wife, and his daughter Sarah and her husband, who was 
 Rev. Dr. Charles Hodge, the eminent professor of theologj' 
 at Princeton. 
 
 John Blair, Justice of the United States Supreme Court, 
 was also a land owner in Albemarle. The old Michael- 
 Woods place, Mountain Plains, at the mouth of Woods' Gap,. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 63 
 
 descended to his son William, who sold it to Thomas Adams, 
 a resident, the latter part of his life, of the Pasture District 
 of Augusta County. Adams, who died in 1788, made title 
 by his will to this and other parcels of land he had bought 
 in the neighborhood, amounting to nearly a thousand acres, 
 to Judge Blair — "To my honorable friend, John Blair, Esq., 
 Chancellor, all the lands he purchased of me in Albemarle 
 County, known by the name of Mountain Plains, and for 
 which he has long since honestly paid me." From him the 
 place has since acquired the name of Blair Park. Judge 
 Blair devised it to his two daughters, through whom it came 
 to their two sons, James P. Henderson and John Blair 
 Peachy. In 1831 Peachy sold his interest to Henderson. 
 After Henderson's death in 1835, it passed into other hands. 
 
 A still more distinguished jurist. Chief Justice Marshall, 
 owned land in the county. He was once the proprietor of 
 the old D. S. place. He purchased it from Henry Williams 
 about 1809, and in 1813 sold it to Micajah Woods. 
 
 When the county was organized, settlements had been 
 making within its present limits for twelve or thirteen years. 
 Williamsburg being the capital of the colony, and its public 
 business being transacted there, it was natural that the first 
 great roads of the country should tend in that direction. 
 There can be little doubt that one was opened along the river 
 James ; but that leading to the more northerly portions of the 
 county was the Three Notched Road. It was cleared on 
 the track it pursues now, following the watershed between the 
 South Anna and the James, and still bearing the name, 
 though the tree -marks on account of which it was given, 
 have not been seen for three or four generations. It passed 
 the county line where it does now, not far from Boyd's 
 Tavern, came up the Rivanna on its north side, crossed at 
 the Secretary's Ford, coincided with what is now the main 
 street of Charlottesville, crossed Ivy Creek and Mechums' 
 River where it does still, but at that point diverged from what 
 is the main road at present. It continued in a straight line 
 to Woods's (now Jarman's) Gap, instead of striking the 
 Ridge at Rockfish Gap. At the mouth of Woods's Gap was 
 
64 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 the first settlement in that part of the county, and for some 
 years the chief route of travel passed over it to the Valley. 
 In the diary of Thomas lyewis, dated 1746, in which he 
 describes his journey to Orange County to join the surveyors 
 appointed to run the line between the Northern Neck and the 
 rest of the colony, he states that he crossed from Augusta at 
 Woods's Gap, and stopped with Michael Woods both on his 
 departure and return. As late as near the close of the Revo- 
 lution, when Rockfish Gap was much used, the prisoners of 
 the Convention army, as already mentioned, were upon their 
 removal taken across the Blue Ridge at Woods's Gap. The 
 Three Notched Road was the dividing line between the par- 
 ishes of Fredericksville and St. Anne's. 
 
 Another road had the name of Three Notched in early 
 times. It was the cross road leading from Carter's Bridge 
 to Red Hill Depot. At present it is only a neighborhood 
 road; but when the county seat had its location near Scotts- 
 ville, being the highway thither for all the northwestern 
 part of the county, it occupied a place of the highest impor- 
 tance, and was one of the earliest cleared. As settlements 
 extended up the James in what is now Nelson and Amherst, 
 they necessarily sought a way of access to the Court House. 
 Accordingly one of the first roads established was that 
 which was known as the River Road, crossing the Rockfish 
 at lyimestone Ford near Howardsville, and at another higher 
 up, called Jopling's, and proceeding along the brow of the 
 river hills to the county seat. In 1746 Rev. Robert Rose 
 petitioned the County Court for the clearing of a road from 
 Tye River to the Rockfish. 
 
 The Buck Mountain Road was made in the primitive 
 times. This name was applied to the series of roads which 
 start from Rockfish Gap, bend along the base of the Ridge 
 and Buck's Blbow to Whitehall, pass over Moorman's River 
 at Millington to Free Union and Earlysville, cross the north 
 fork of the Rivanna at the Burnt Mills, and enter the Bar- 
 boursville Road at Stony Point. It still follows the route 
 on which it was originally laid out, except slight deviations 
 for short distances to avoid some obstacle, or gain an easier 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 65 
 
 grade. The Barboursville Road ran from the beginning, 
 much as it does now. Just after the county was formed, old 
 Dayid I^ewis was appointed Surveyor of the road from his 
 place south of Birdwood to lyynch's Perry; at that point 
 the Rivanna was crossed, instead of as now at the Free 
 Bridge. This road must have intersected the Three Notched 
 Road some distance west of Charlottesville, the existence of 
 which at that time had not entered the thought even of the 
 most sagacious. The hill at the old Craven place was in all 
 probability always ascended where it is at present. The 
 trade of the upper part of the county, and the adjacent sec- 
 tions of the Valley, being then carried on with Fredericks- 
 burg, both of these roads, and the Three Notched also as far 
 as the fork at Everettsville, possessed in common the name 
 of the Fredericksburg Road. In early times the Barbours- 
 ville Road was continued down the river on the eastern side, 
 and probably ran across the hills through the Haxall and 
 Pantops plantations to the Secretary's Ford. 
 
 When the Court House was removed to Charlottesville, it 
 of course became the centre of the county roads. The Three 
 Notched Road running along its main street, afforded a 
 ready approach both from the east and the west. One out- 
 let towards the north was the Barboursville Road by way of 
 Ivynch's Perry. Another was by a connection with the 
 Buck Mountain Road at David Wood's old place, which was 
 at or near the late Colonel Bowcock's. The road making 
 this connection left the west end of High Street, ran to the 
 foot of the hill near Clay Michie's, thence over Meadow Creek 
 past the place recently occupied by the late Harvey Hull, and 
 crossed the south fork of the Rivanna at Carr's old Ford on 
 the Carrsbrook plantation. Shortly after another road was 
 opened, branching from the last mentioned north, of Harvey 
 HuU'.s, crossing the south fork at the Broad Mossing Ford, 
 and continuing thence to the Burnt Mills. 
 
 The Barracks Road was laid out during the Revolution, 
 and has since been a noted way, though much deflected from 
 its original course. It started from the west end of High 
 —5 
 
66 HISTORY OF AI<BEMARI,E 
 
 Street, ran on the highland south of the ravine crossed by 
 the present road near Kellytown — remains of the stone 
 fences lining it can still be seen — passed over Preston Heights 
 not far from the mansions of Colonel Preston and General 
 Rosser, forking on the summit with the road to Carr's Ford, 
 continued past Colonel Duke's and the colored settlement of 
 Georgetown to the ridge east of Ivy Creek, and descended to 
 the ford of the creek past the old Ivy Creek Church. Near 
 town a branch of the Barracks road diverged from its main 
 course on the eastern slope of Preston Heights, and ran into 
 the Three Notched Road not far from the Junction Depot. 
 The present location of the Barracks Road immediately west 
 of Charlottesville, was fixed about the beginning of the Cen- 
 tury. A contention respecting it arose between Isaac Miller 
 and John Carr, Clerk of the District Court, owners of the 
 adjoining lands. After several views and reports on the 
 subject, it was finally determined according to the ideas of 
 Mr. Miller, whose residence at the time was either at Rose 
 Valley, or near the house of Mason Gordon. 
 
 The course of the road from Brown's Gap was always much 
 the same as it is at present. It crossed Mechum's River 
 where it does now, coming down through the rocky defile on 
 the west, then known as the Narrow Passage. After passing 
 Ivy Creek, it turned southeast and ran over to the Three 
 Notched Road — passing in its way the old D. S. Church — 
 entering it where the old Terrell, or Lewis's, Ordinary stood, 
 the location of which must have been near the site of Jesse 
 l,ewis's blacksmith shop. This road went for many years 
 by the name of Rodes's Road. The connecting link between 
 Rodes's and the Barracks Roads was made about the first of 
 the century. It wound round Still House Mountain as it 
 does now, and then turned south and continued down the 
 ravine in which the outflow of what was called Wade's 
 Spring was carried off. The old Poor House was built 
 immediately upon this road. Somewhat later Governor 
 Nicholas petitioned for the opening of a road from the D. S. 
 Church to his plantation on the Rivanna, the present Carrs- 
 brook; but it does not appear that anything was ever done. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMAKLE 67 
 
 The road that crosses the river at Rea's Ford was opened 
 about the close of the last century. The people of the north- 
 west section of the county petitioned for a more convenient 
 way to the courthouse. It was decided after several views, 
 that a new road should start at Fretwell's Store, which was 
 at or near Free Union, cross at Rea's Ford, fall into the 
 Barracks Road and continue with it to the top of the ridge 
 east of Ivy Creek, and there branching off run to Meadow 
 Creek at the plantation of Bernard Carter, now F. B. Moran's, 
 uniting at that point with the road from Carr's Ford. 
 
 The Richard Woods, or Dick Woods Road, as it was fre- 
 quently called, is one of the oldest in the county. It diverged 
 from the Three Notched just west of the D. S., passed 
 Richard Woods' place at the mouth of Taylor's Gap to the 
 little stream called Pounding Branch, crossed Mechum's river 
 at the Miller School, and continued thence to Rockfish Gap. 
 The place of Pounding Branch went in early times by the 
 name of I^ittle D. S. A tanyard was located there, which at 
 first was named Simpson's, and afterwards Grayson's. 
 Near that point the road turned off, described in old deeds as 
 the road to Amherst C. H., the same that stills exists, run- 
 ning through Batesville, and passing the Nelson line at what 
 was formerly known as Harlow's Tavern on I^ynch's Creek. 
 Tradition relates that Richard Woods, in laying out the road 
 called by his name, followed a well marked buffalo trail, and 
 the fact of its being established by those sagacious engineers 
 of nature accounts for the gentle grade for which it has been 
 distinguished. It seems that the road through Israel's Gap 
 was not made till near the end of the last century. At that 
 time William Woods, Surveyor Billy, was summoned by the 
 County Court to show cause why he had not opened a road 
 from Israel's Gap into the Richard Woods Road. 
 
 The outlets from Charlottesville to the south were mainly 
 the same as now exist. The road by which the people of 
 Fluvanna south of the Rivanna reached the county seat, 
 passed through Monticello Gap, then called the Thorough- 
 fare, crossed Moore's Creek where it does now, and joined 
 the Three Notched Road at the top of the hill near the junc- 
 
68 HISTORY OF ALEKMARLE 
 
 tion of the macadamized road recently made by Mr. Brennan ; 
 for the Three Notched Road then came from the Secretary's 
 Ford along the ridge now followed by the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio Railroad, or over the low grounds of Moore's Creek in 
 the rear of the Woolen Mills. The road from town to Carter's 
 Bridge has always pursued the present route. It was for- 
 merly described as passing by a place, well known as the 
 Colts' Pasture, and the Plum Orchard Branch of Biscuit Run. 
 The old Ivynchburg Road has been in use from the first 
 settlement of the town. It commenced at the foot of Vinegar 
 Hill, reached the top of the Ridge beyond the Dry Bridge, 
 and continued along its crest to the branch at its south end, 
 then called Haggard's, and afterwards West's Saw Mill Run. 
 It crossed the north fork of Hardware where it does at pres- 
 ent, the place long known as Old's Forge, turned around the 
 end of Gay's Mountain past Andrew Hart's Store, and cross- 
 ing Jumping Branch and the south fork of Hardware as at 
 present, united with the present Ivynchburg Road at the end 
 of Persimmon Mountain a short distance north of Covesville. 
 Near town it went by the name of Haggard's Road, from a 
 Nathaniel Haggard, who owned the land on its course from 
 the end of the Ridge to Moore's Creek. In those days the 
 present Ivynchburg Road was a mere farm road bearing the 
 name of Wheeler's, from a family who lived at the head of 
 Moore's Creek. 
 
 The Secretary's Road has frequent mention in the early 
 records. It set out from Carter's Mill on the north fork of 
 Hardware, shortly above its union with the south fork, ran 
 •on the north side of that river to Woodridge, and thence 
 pursued the watershed between it and the Rivanna to Bremo 
 on the James. From its lower terminus it was sometimes 
 called the Bremo, corrupted to Brimmer, Road. Near Wood- 
 ridge the Martin King Road branched from it, crossing the 
 Rivanna at Union Mills, and thence proceeding to I,ouisa. 
 The road which passes over the Green Mountain west of 
 Porter's Precinct was established at an early date. For 
 many years it was known as the Irish Road, as far as can 
 be ascertained from a man name James Ireland, who was a 
 patentee of land in that neighborhood. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 69 
 
 The first turnpike in the county was built in 1806. It 
 crossed the Blue Ridge at Brown's Gap, descended Brown's 
 Cove, and joined the Three Notched Road at Mechum's 
 Depot. It was made and owned by William Jarman and 
 Brightberry Brown. It received a formal acceptance by 
 inspectors appointed by the County Court, though the tolls 
 were taken by the owners . In 1819 Jarman's share was sold 
 by James Jarman to Ira Harris ; and in 1867 the title as 
 individual property was relinquished, and it lapsed into an 
 ordinary road of the county. It was known as Brown's 
 Turnpike. 
 
 About 1830, a few years before and after, a number of 
 turnpikes were undertaken. The first was the Staunton and 
 James River, having a charter of incorporation, and extend- 
 ing from the place first named to Scottsville. It crossed the 
 Ridge at Rockfish Gap, and ran through Batesville and 
 Israel's Gap, following for the most part the course of old 
 roads. As far back as 1790 a lottery was authorized by the 
 Legislature, to be managed by Francis Walker, William 
 Clark, Nicholas Lewis, John Breckinridge, George Divers, 
 William D. Meriwether, Charles Irving and Isaac Davis, to 
 raise not exceeding four hundred pounds for the purpose of 
 cutting a road from Rockfish Gap to Nicholas's and Scott's 
 Landings; what was accomplished in pursuance of this act 
 is not known. The Staunton and James River Turnpike 
 was for a number of years the route of a heavy transporta- 
 tion, passing from the Valley to connect with the James 
 River and Kanawha Canal. Later, when plank roads be- 
 came the fashion of the day, it was converted into a Plank 
 Road Company. Under its auspices some alterations were 
 made in the grades, particularly avoiding the hills between 
 Kidd's Mill and North Garden, and between Hart's and 
 Garland's Stores, and an inconsiderable portion near 
 Hughes's Shop was covered with plank; but the coming of 
 the railroads, and the temporary nature of the construction, 
 destroyed the public interest in its maintenance. The build- 
 ing and support of good roads over which the produce of the 
 farm is to be hauled, and rapid and comfortable transit to 
 
70 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 be enjoyed, constitute a lesson the people have yet to learn. 
 The Staunton and James River Turnpike was abandoned in 
 1867, and taken back by the county as a common road. 
 
 The next was the Blue Ridge and Rivanna River Turn- 
 pike, which ran from Meriwether's Bridge on the Rivanna to 
 the Turnpike last mentioned at Brooksville. Its construc- 
 tion occasioned the laying out of the straight road from the 
 Woolen Mills to the east end of Market Street. Not many 
 years before, Mrs. Mary I^ewis, of the Farm, petitioned for a 
 more convenient approach from her residence to Charlottes- 
 ville, as previously her only way lay directly south to the 
 Three Notched Road. Opie Norris was the Secretary and 
 Treasurer of this Turnpike, and advertised for bids for 
 its construction. Its route west of town mainly coin- 
 cided with the Three Notched Road to Mechum's River, 
 and generally with the old road from that point to its 
 termination. Toll gates were erected and for some years its 
 business was regularly transacted. The first gate west of 
 town was immediately opposite the large oak tree on Jesse 
 lycwis's place, under which General Washington is said once 
 to have lunched, and which was blown down by a violent 
 storm in September 1896; its keeper was Patrick Quinn. In 
 1857 the road was purchased by the county for fifteen hun- 
 dred dollars, John Wood, Jr. being appointed to receive the 
 purchase money for distribution among the stockholders. 
 When this Turnpike was first projected, an urgent petition 
 was presented to the I^egislature for the establishment of a 
 similar one from Meriwether's Bridge to Boyd's Tavern, but 
 nothing further was ever effected. 
 
 About the same time the present I,ynchburg Road was 
 Opened. The Legislature passed an act, granting permis- 
 sion to the counties of Amherst, Nelson and Albemarle, to 
 co-operate in the construction of a road from Lynchburg to 
 Charlottesville, each county to make the road within its own 
 bounds. Amherst declined to engage in the work, but at the 
 request of the Albemarle Court reconsidered its action, and 
 decided to join forces with the other counties. John Pryor 
 surveyed the route, and William Garland made the roadbed 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 71 
 
 in Albemarle. Advantage was taken of country roads already 
 existing, but the line was then first run by way of the old Sud- 
 darth Mill, and the Cross Roads, and on the old Wheeler 
 Road down Moore's Creek, instead of the east side of Dud- 
 ley's Mountain. 
 
 The Harrisonburg and Charlottesville Turnpike was laid 
 out shortly after. Col. T. J. Randolph, Alexander Garrett 
 and Achilles Broadhead, Surveyor of the county, were ap- 
 pointed to determine its course, Dr. Gilly M. I^ewis recording 
 his protest against its construction. It crossed the Blue Ridge 
 at Swift Run Gap, entered the county at Nortonsville, fell 
 into the Buck Mountain Road west of Earlysville, ran from 
 Colonel Bowcock's to Rio Mills, ascended the hill south of the 
 river by the present easy grade, and continued by way of 
 Rio Station and Cochran's Mill to town. 
 
 Many efforts were put forth about the same time to build 
 a turnpike from Scottsville to Rock Spring in Nelson, and 
 thence to the head waters of Rockfish River ; but the project 
 was never consummated. 
 
 The first bridges, built within the present county, were 
 undoubtedly those over the main Hardware at Carter's 
 Bridge, and over its north fork, just above its junction with 
 the south fork. That river was the largest stream between 
 the old Court House and the greater part of the northern sec- 
 tion of the county; and the north fork, besides being crossed 
 by one of the great highways to the county seat, was passed 
 by many to reach Carter's Mill, one of the first erected in the 
 newly-settled country. Owing to the loss of the records, no 
 account exists of the original building of these bridges ; but 
 when rebuilt towards the close of the last century, it is 
 recited that there had been one — and in all likelihood more 
 than one — before, at each of those places. Both have since 
 been often renewed, not so much because of use and decay, 
 as because of the freshets, which from time to time have 
 swept down from the mountains with terrible violence. 
 
 A great flood in James River and its branches occurred in 
 1771, so remarkable for its enormous and wide -spread 
 destruction as to become the special occasion of action by the 
 
72 HISTORY OF AI<BKMARLE 
 
 Legislature that year; and in an application Mr. Jefferson 
 made for a writ of ad quod damnum in order to erect his mill 
 at Shadwell in 1795, he states that the former one had been 
 carried ofi by the flood of 1771. It is presumable the Hard- 
 ware bridges met the same fate. Certainly Carter's Bridge 
 was rebuilt in the years 1795, 1800, 1812, 1859, and 1876. 
 Inasmuch as these improvements are one of the chief signs 
 of civilization, and are so indispensable to the convenience 
 and prosperity of communities, experience teaches that it is 
 true economy to build them substantially, and put them 
 beyond the reach of all contingencies, in the first instance. 
 In such cases it is better to spend more once, than less often. 
 
 The first bridge over Moore's Creek was erected in 1798, 
 and it would seem its location was on the old I,ynchburg 
 Road. In 1801 another was built over the same stream, 
 apparently on the Monticello Road. As far as appears, there 
 was no structure of the kind near Meriwether's Mill, now 
 Hartman's, till 1848. 
 
 The same I,egislature which established the town of Char- 
 lottesville, passed an act authorizing any person to erect a 
 bridge over the Rivanna near that town, and as a remunera- 
 tion allowing him to take tolls, the reason assigned being 
 that the river was often rendered impassable by freshets ; but 
 no one availed himself of the permission. For many years 
 the passage of the stream was made either at the Secretary's 
 Ford, or near the Free Bridge by what was known according 
 to the amount of water as Moore's Ford, or Lewis's Ferry. 
 It was not until 1801 that the County Court took the matter 
 in hand. They then passed an order that George Divers, 
 Thomas M. Randolph, John Watson, Nimrod Bramham, 
 Joshua Key and Achilles Douglass should let the erection of 
 a bridge at the latter point, the cost not to exceed two thou- 
 sand dollars. Against this action Thomas Garth entered his 
 protest. Since that time it has been rebuilt in 1831, 1846, 
 1865 and 1870. It stood safe in the flood of 1877, but the 
 causeway on the western side with its stone retaining walls 
 was washed away, and the wooden approach on trestles which 
 still remains, was then constructed. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 73 
 
 A bridge was built at the Woolen Mills in 1825 by Wil- 
 liam H. Meriwether. Being on the line of the Three Notched 
 Road, the main thoroughfare through the county, it was at 
 once a great convenience and a desirable means of safetj". 
 Some four or five years before in the month of May, a wagon 
 and six horses belonging to a Mr. Collins, of Augusta 
 County, in attempting to cross the river at the Secretary's 
 Ford on their return from Richmond, were swept down and 
 lost, the driver making his escape with the greatest difficulty. 
 It was most likely in consequence of this disaster, and the 
 constant threatening of others, that Col. T. J. Randolph soon 
 after sought the establishment of a ferry at that point 
 Meriwether's Bridge obviated such perils, and proved a sig 
 nal benefit to the community for something like twenty years 
 In 1843 the County Court was compelled to make some pro 
 vision by reason of the Free Bridge having been destroyed 
 and deliberated whether to rebuild, or purchase the Meri- 
 wether Bridge. They adopted the former alternative. In the 
 course of a year or two Meriwether sold his bridge to Thomas 
 Farish, and shortly after it was swept away by a flood. 
 
 The bridge over the south fork of the Rivanna near Rio 
 Mills was first erected in 1836. Those Mills had a few years 
 before been built by William H. Meriwether, and in 1833 the 
 Harrisonburg Turnpike had been located to cross the river at 
 that place. These were beyond question the constraining 
 reasons for the erection of the bridge. Previously the stream 
 had been passed from time immemorial at two fords near by, 
 one called Carr's Ford, and the other the Island Ford. Rio 
 Bridge has been built twice since, in 1860 and 1865. The 
 latter year G. F. Thompson and M. S. Gleason obtained 
 the contract for replacing it for nineteen hundred dollars, and 
 the Free Bridge also for twenty-six hundred and sixty. 
 
 The first bridge across the Rockfish at Howardsville seems 
 to have been erected in 1839. Prior to that time the river had 
 been crossed at the neighboring fords. 
 
74 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The County Court continued to supervise the affairs, and 
 guard the interests, committed to its trust. In 1783 James 
 Stowers for stealing a horse from Joseph Chapman was 
 examined and sent on to Richmond, where at that time all 
 felonies were tried. John Mullins, son of William, was 
 acquitted of burglary, but sent on for stealing leather from 
 the tan vats of John Watson, of Hightop. Crimes of every 
 class perpetrated by negroes, were entirely under the juris- 
 diction of this Court. Sam, a slave of James Kerr, for 
 attempting to assault a daughter of David Humphreys, was 
 punished with thirty -nine lashes; the same day however he 
 was cleared of stealing fifty pounds in specie from his mas- 
 ter's desk. Ben, a slave of Charles Rodes, was burnt in 
 the hand for poisoning James, a slave of Thomas Smith, 
 under pretence of giving him medicine. 
 
 Not only did it punish evil doers, but it interposed in 
 behalf of the weak and oppressed. Daniel Dunavan, a serv- 
 ant of James Ivcwis, probably a redemptioner, made 
 complaint that his master furnished him with insuffi- 
 cient food and raiment. It promptly required security that 
 suitable provision should be made in future. George Bruce, 
 the jailor, charged Richard Woods with compelling his boy 
 Tom, an orphan child, to wear a collar ; it at once ordered 
 the degrading appendage to be removed. It especially exer- 
 cised a judicious care over apprentices, protecting them 
 from improper treatment, yet refusing to lend an ear to 
 groundless representations. Samuel Burch was summoned 
 to show cause why his apprentice, Abraham Gaulding, 
 should not be discharged from his service, and William D. 
 Hunt why Fielding and William Starke should not have 
 their bonds cancelled. When James Robinson sought to 
 obtain the release of his sons Matthew and Moses as appren- 
 tices of Bartlett Dedman, it decided there was no just reason 
 
HISTORY OP AI,BBMARLE 75 
 
 for interference in the case. In like manner Newberry, son 
 of Thomas Stockton, was continued under the charge of his 
 master, Nathaniel lyandcraft. 
 
 The Court likewise vindicated its own dignity, and strictly 
 quelled the bold spirit of insubordination that sometimes 
 displayed itself. Martin Marshall for profane swearing in 
 open court was fined five shillings, and William Thurmond 
 for the same offence committed twice was fined and placed 
 under bonds. Daniel Thacker was bound over for making an 
 affray, and breaking the peace in the presence of the court. 
 A fine of eight dollars was imposed on William Alcock for 
 refusing in open court to serve as a juror. 
 
 The first instance of capital punishment that appears in 
 the records, occurred at the beginning of the century. 
 Aaron, a slave of Hugh Rice Morris, for breaking into the 
 store of Philip Moore, and stealing seven sides of leather, was 
 condemned to be hanged on the second Friday of February, 
 1801 . Though this punishment seems severe, yet forcibly 
 entering any building on the curtilage, especially at night, 
 was always viewed with jealous sternness. Aaron too was an 
 old offender, having been previously convicted and punished 
 for breaking into the lumber room of Andrew Hart. In this 
 case he had the advantage of being defended, the Court 
 appointing James Brooks as his counsel. 
 
 An event of pathetic and tragical interest happened some- 
 time in 1802 or 1803 ; and it is specially remarkable, as it fur- 
 nished the only case in which a white man has ever been 
 judicially hanged in the history of the county. James Hop- 
 kins was the son of Dr. Arthur Hopkins, who was one of the 
 earliest and largest landholders in Albemarle. He was a 
 man of fine education and considerable wealth. Making 
 choice of his father's profession, he travelled abroad and 
 studied medicine in the University of Fdinburgh. On his 
 return to this country, he settled in what is now Nelson 
 County under the shadow of Sugar I^oaf Mountain, where for 
 many years he was occupied with an extensive practice. He 
 was possessed not only of great learning, but also of great 
 piety. He had an only child, a daughter, who was married 
 
76 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 to a Captain Richard Pollard. One evening while the doctor 
 was kneeling in the act of conducting family worship, he 
 was shot through a window of the room, and died in the 
 course of an hour. After a careful measurement of tracks 
 made in the snow by the shoes of the guilty person, a man 
 named I^ewis McWane was arrested for the crime, examined 
 by the Amherst County Court, and sent on for trial in the 
 District Court of Charlottesville. In due time he was con- 
 victed and executed at that place. On the scaffold he denied 
 having performed the deed. He avowed that he had been 
 employed by Pollard to commit the murder, and had 
 approached the window of the house for that purpose, but 
 when he saw the old man kneeling in prayer, his heart failed 
 him, and he returned to Pollard a short distance ofi, and de- 
 clared he could not perpetrate the act ; that Pollard, after forc- 
 ing him to exchange shoes, went to the window and shot his 
 father-in-law with his own hand; and that his motive in desir- 
 ing his death was to prevent him from making a will, having 
 in some way formed the impression that he was to be excluded 
 from all interest and control in the estate. On the ground 
 of this statement Pollard was arrested and tried, but in the 
 absence of all other testimony was acquitted ; yet the belief 
 was widely prevalent that McWane's declaration was true. 
 Pollard lived to a great age, but never by word or act in the 
 slightest degree betrayed his guilt. His purpose, if he had 
 formed it, was in vain. Dr. Hopkins had already made his 
 will. He provided for the gradual emancipation of his slaves, 
 and devised his estate to his daughter, and his grandson, Dr. 
 Arthur Pollard, requiring the name of the latter to be changed 
 to Hopkins, which was duly effected by the County Court of 
 Amherst. 
 
 About this time Dr. John T. Gilmer was placed under 
 bonds for an alleged offence in inoculating for smallpox. 
 Legislation on this subject had been enacted in Virginia. 
 Rules had been prescribed for its regulation, and the superin- 
 tendence of it committed to the County Courts. The milder 
 and safer mode of preventing the disease by vaccination had 
 not yet been fully developed. The interest of Dr. Gilmer in 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARt,E 77 
 
 the matter was so great, that he had established a hospital 
 for the special treatment of those who sought exemption from 
 the dreaded malady. The immediate cause of his being 
 summoned before the Court was the occurrence of a fatal 
 case, after the operation had been performed. A panic 
 ensued, and complaint was made against the philanthropic 
 leech. The sympathies of the Court, as well as of all 
 •enlightened men, must have been exerted in his favor; for 
 he was required to give bond only for three months "for his 
 good behavior, especially in not alarming the neighborhood 
 in which his hospital is established, unless he first obtain the 
 consent of the citizens." The doctor's residence — and pre- 
 sumptively, his hospital — was at Edgemont, on theBarbours- 
 ville Road. 
 
 An interesting point of law came before the Court in the 
 ■early part of the century. Mrs. Elizabeth Henderson, widow 
 of Bennett Henderson, on whose land the town of Milton was 
 laid out, sued out a writ of dower against those who had 
 purchased lots within its limits. The decision was that the 
 widow was barred by the Act of Assembly authorizing the 
 ■establishment of the town, vesting its lands in trustees, and 
 giving them power to sell. The case was appealed to the 
 District Court. What its decision was, cannot be known, as 
 its records have disappeared ; but it can hardly be supposed 
 the lower court was not sustained. Mrs. Henderson's coun- 
 sel was George Poindexter, who was a l/ouisa man, settled 
 for a time in Milton, removed to Mississippi while it was a 
 Territory, became successively Judge, Aide to Jackson at the 
 battle of New Orleans, Representative in Congress, Gov- 
 ernor, United States Senator, and died in 1853. 
 
 President Monroe was one of the magistrates of the county, 
 as Mr. Jefferson also was. When Jeflerson was appointed 
 cannot be definitely known, as no record of the event exists. 
 From his prominence, even while a student of law, it may 
 be conjectured he received the appointment shortly after his 
 attaining his majority, in 1764 or 1765. It does not appear 
 that he ever sat upon the bench. The only official act he 
 ever performed as Justice of the Peace apparent in the records. 
 
78 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 was taking the acknowledgment of Mrs. Elizabeth Eppes in 
 1777 to a deed of her husband and herself, conveying three 
 thousand acres of land on Green Mountain to John Coles ; 
 this acknowledgment, and the memorial of respect entered 
 in the minutes of the court at his death, are the only indica- 
 tions the records show, that he ever was a magistrate. The 
 truth is, that until his Presidential term expired, he was 
 comparatively speaking rarely at home. The same thing is 
 largely true of Mr. Monroe. He was frequently absent on 
 public business. But when at home he often attended court. 
 The latter half of 1799, just before he became Governor of 
 the State, he sat upon the bench regularly every month. 
 
 A feeling of regret may naturally be indulged, that the old 
 County Court system has passed away. It was a peculiar 
 feature in the history of Virginia from a very early period, 
 and in many respects a most valuable institution. It is hard 
 to conceive how justice could be administered in a less bur- 
 densome form. In large measure the rights of the people 
 were secured, and their convenience promoted, absolutely free 
 of expense. It possessed a high degree of dignity, and was 
 regarded by the community with sentiments of veneration 
 and respect. Its members for the most part occupied the 
 most reputable standing in society. They generally fulfilled 
 the requirement of.'the law, that they should be "able, honest 
 and discreet." Their wealth placed them above temptations 
 to corruption and rapacity, their integrity inspired general 
 confidence, while their honorable character and gentleman- 
 like bearing presented an example worthy of imitation, and 
 were not without effect in imparting a chivalrous tone, and 
 disseminating habits of politeness, among the public at large. 
 And it may be affirmed with truth, that their cheap adminis- 
 tration did not produce cheap results. Their work was usu- 
 ally well done. They spared no pains in promoting the 
 peace of their neighborhoods. If business was sometimes 
 delayed by the pressure of private claims, perhaps on the 
 whole it amounted to no more than the interruptions necessa- 
 rily incident to all human affairs. Their official duties were 
 often performed with no little trouble. Men of the highest 
 
HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLE 79 
 
 position would ride for miles across mountain ranges, and 
 over almost impassable roads, to receive the acknowledg- 
 ment of a poor neighbor's wife, whose infirmity or want of 
 means prevented her from travelling to the county seat. Nor 
 was there a failure in respect to their judicial decrees. 
 Guided by their own intelligence and sound sense, and the 
 aid of the Commonwealth's attorney, they attained substan- 
 tial righteousness in their conclusions. Their decisions were 
 not often reversed ; and it happened more than once that they 
 were sustained by the Court of Appeals against the counter- 
 adjudications of such eminent jurists as Archibald Stuart 
 and lyucas P. Thompson. 
 
 For some years after the Revolution, all persons charged 
 with felony, were sent to Richmond for trial before the Gen- 
 eral Court. To remedy this arrangement which was both in- 
 convenient and expensive, a law was passed in 1788, forming 
 judicial districts throughout the State, and appointing a court 
 for each district. Three judges were to preside in each court, 
 two of them to form a quorum. One of these districts com - 
 prised the counties of I,ouisa, Fluvanna, Albemarle and 
 Amherst, and its court was called the District Court of Char- 
 lottesville. Who were its judges is not known, it records 
 being lost. John Carr, son of Major Thornas Carr, was its 
 Clerk. This Court was abolished in 1809, and the Circuit 
 Superior Court of lyaw for the county was organized, with 
 Archibald Stuart, of Staunton, as Judge, and John Carr as 
 Clerk. Mr. Carr resigned in 1818, and Alexander Garrett 
 was appointed in his stead. During this time the Court of 
 Chancery having jurisdiction of such cases arising in this 
 county, was held in Staunton. In 1830 the Circuit Superior 
 Court was invested with the jurisdiction of all cases, both of 
 I^aw and Chancery, and this scheme continues to the present 
 day. In that year Judge Stuart was appointed to the bench 
 of the Court of Appeals, and was succeeded by IvUcas P. 
 Thompson, of Amherst. Judge Thompson continued in 
 office until 1852, when he was promoted to the Court of Ap- 
 peals, and was succeeded by Richard H. Field, of Culpeper. 
 Judge Field sat for the last time in October 1864, and soon 
 
80 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 after died. When the confusion consequent upon the war 
 somewhat subsided, Egbert R.Watson was made Judge of the 
 Circuit Court in 1866 by the United States military authorities. 
 He was superseded in the beginning of 1869 by the appoint- 
 ment of Henry Shackelford, of Culpeper, who held the office 
 until his death in 1880, when Daniel A. Grimsley, of Cul- 
 peper, was chosen. In 1882 he gave place to George P. 
 Hughes, of Goochland, until 1886, when he was again elected, 
 and continues to occupy the position at the present time. 
 
 Before the Constitution of 1850 the Circuit Judges had 
 the appointment of the Attorneys for the Commonwealth 
 practising in their courts. When Judge Stuart took his seat 
 on the Albemarle bench in 1809, he selected Dabney Carr to 
 represent the State. Upon Mr. Carr's resignation in 1811, 
 he appointed John Howe Peyton, of Staunton, who held 
 the oflSce until 1839 when he resigned. Thereupon Judge 
 Thompson appointed Thomas J. Michie, of Staunton, whose 
 incumbency was terminated by the provisions of the new 
 Constitution. Under those provisions the office became 
 elective, and the person who filled it practised in all the 
 courts alike. 
 
 Nothing is known concerning the first building occupied as 
 a courthouse, except that it was erected by Samuel Scott on 
 the land of his brother Daniel, near Scottsville. It afforded 
 accommodation to those transacting the public business for 
 seventeen years, when the removal to Charlottesville took 
 place. Nor does any record remain, giving an account of the 
 building of the first courthouse at the new county seat. The 
 edifice erected however answered the purpose of a hall of 
 justice for a little more than forty years. It must have had 
 some pretension to architectural display in the shape of an 
 ornamental cover to its entrance, as we learn that in 1800 
 Richard Thurmond was bound over for "a fray in the portico 
 of the courthouse." This courthouse, and the early jails, 
 were evidently of slight and temporary construction ; with 
 the course of years they required almost continual repairs. 
 The first jail appears to have been built by William Terrell, 
 and the second by Henry Gambell about the close of the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARI,E 81 
 
 Revolutionary War. Trouble was encountered in settling 
 with the latter contractor, on account of the imperfect manner 
 in which his work was done. In 1785 a stone prison was 
 built, sixteen feet by sixteen, and two stories in height, and 
 lasted till 1798. A new jail was then erected, the cost of 
 which was a thousand pounds, or three thousand, three hun- 
 dred and thirty -three dollars. Thomas Whitlow was the 
 builder. This structure continued in use, with repairs from 
 time to time — particularly in 1846, when three thousand 
 dollars were expended in its improvement— until the present 
 jail was built in 1876. 
 
 The court square was first enclosed in 1792. Thomas Bell, 
 James Kerr and Thomas Garth were directed to have a rail- 
 ing put up at a distance of not more than forty -five feet from 
 the courthouse. A large space was consequently left as 
 open ground. The subject of selling a part of this unoccu- 
 pied space was seriously agitated. In 1801 the justices of 
 the county Were specially convened to deliberate in regard to 
 the matter; fortunately, after due consideration they came 
 to the conclusion, that it was inexpedient that any part of 
 the public grounds should be sold. 
 
 In 1803 it was determined that a new courthouse was nec- 
 essary. George Divers, William D. Meriwether and Isaac 
 Miller were appointed to draw a plan for the edifice, and 
 Messrs. Divers, Miller, Thomas Garth, William Wardlaw 
 and Thomas C. Fletcher were directed to solicit bids for its 
 erection, the cost not to exceed five thousand dollars. The 
 building committee was also directed, when the new house 
 was finished, to remove the old one, together with the rub- 
 bish incident to the work. From this circumstance it is 
 inferred, that the old building was located not far from the 
 site of the present Clerk's Office. The house then erected is 
 substantially the one which now exists. Iron bars were 
 placed in the office windows in 1807. The cupola was re- 
 paired in 1815. After a consultation to devise some means 
 of protecting the public buildings from fire, the Court ordered 
 lightning rods to be put up on the courthouse ; this was done 
 —6 
 
82 HISTORY OF AtBEMARLE' 
 
 in 1818. These safeguards then went by the name of Frank- 
 lins. James I,eitch furnished the iron necessary for fifty 
 dollars , and Jacob Wimer did the work for seventy-five. The 
 building was covered with tin in 1825. In 1849 an inquiry 
 was made as to the propriety of embellishing the front with 
 a porch and pillars, but was attended with no result until ten 
 years after. At that time a contract was entered into with 
 George W. Spooner to construct a front addition designed by 
 William A. Pratt,aformerProctor of the University, he giving 
 bond for the faithful performance of the work in the sum of 
 nine thousand four hundred dollars. This addition was 
 flanked with towers and crowned with gables. While this 
 work was in progress, the Court held its sessions in the old 
 Town Hall. After the war the gables and towers were re- 
 moved, and the pediment with its supporting pillars, as they 
 appear at present, was erected by Mr. Spooner. These 
 improvements were deemed suflBcient until the recent altera- 
 tions in 1897. 
 
 At the organization of the county, the pillory, stocks and 
 whipping post were regarded as necessary accompaniments 
 of the courthouse, and court proceedings. In 1807 order 
 was given to repair these important means of correction. In 
 process of time they seem to have disappeared by natural 
 decay. In 1820 they were all directed to be restored in the 
 public square. Subsequent to that period the first two re- 
 ceive no further mention, but James Lobban and Andrew 
 Brown were appointed to select a place for the whipping post 
 as late as 1857. 
 
 In 1811 a brick and stone wall was ordered to be erected 
 on the Square forty-five feet from the courthouse. John Jor- 
 dan contracted to perform the work. In 1816 the trustees of 
 the town were allowed to sink a well on the Square, exterior 
 to the wall. In 1824 V. W. Southall obtained permission 
 to build an office on the southeast corner of the Square, and 
 F. B. Dyer one on the southwest corner. At the same time an 
 office was directed to be built on the northeast corner for the 
 use of the County Clerk's assistant, and William H. Meri- 
 wether was allowed to build one adjoining it on the west; 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMARLE 83 
 
 but a month or two after the entire order was rescinded. The 
 next year a commission, consisting of Joseph Coffman, John 
 M. Perry, John Winn, Alexander Garrett, Micajah Woods 
 and Opie Norris, was directed to have two offices erected 
 on the northeast corner of the Square for the Commonwealth's 
 Attorney and the Sheriff, the brick wall taken down, the 
 front yard paved with the materials, and a light railing 
 placed around the Square. These two offices were occupied 
 in 1830 by V. W. Southall and T. W. Gilmer at a rent of 
 fifty dollars. In 1841 permission was again given for the 
 erection of offices on the front corners of the Square ; but it 
 was evidently withdrawn, though no notice of the counter- 
 manding order appears. The same year the Charlottesville 
 Ivyceum had leave to hold their meetings in the courthouse. 
 Authority was given in 1855 to Messrs. Strange and Jones, 
 to ring the courthouse bell for the uses of their school, but 
 it was soon after recalled. 
 
 In 1847 in answer perhaps to some ebullition of public 
 spirit, James W. Saunders, John R. Jones and William A. 
 Bibb were directed to enclose and improve the public square, 
 provided the expense of the work was borne by private sub- 
 scription. What was effected in pursuance of this movement 
 is not known. Two years later Allen B. Magruder and W. 
 T. Early asked leave to build offices on the Square, and the 
 petition was so far taken into consideration that Malcolm F. 
 Crawford and Thomas Wood were appointed to examine and 
 report on the subject. In 1855 the town was granted liberty 
 to erect an engine house on the west side of the Square, in a 
 line with which Drury Wood and W. T. Early were allowed 
 to build offices on the east side. The next year an order 
 was passed, directing the enclosing and paving of the Square 
 according to a plan submitted by William S. Dabney ; and 
 it was no doubt in agreement with the provisions of this 
 plan, that shortly after the stone wall and iron railing now 
 existing were ordered to be erected, not to exceed the cost of 
 fifteen hundred dollars. 
 
 Not long after the beginning of the century an efiort was 
 made to secure the transportation of the produce of the 
 
84 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 county by water. The need of a cheaper and more expedi- 
 tious mode of reaching a market had long been felt. Farmers 
 had been obliged to move their crops, first to Fredericksburg, 
 and then to Richmond, by wagons; and the goods of mer- 
 chants had been conveyed to their stores by the same slow ' 
 and expensive process. The course of James River was then 
 unobstructed, and the question arose whether the Rivanna 
 might not be rendered useful for the purposes of commerce. 
 The scheme was attempted of turning to account these water 
 courses, which nature had placed at the door to be outlets of 
 such admirable convenience. The Rivanna Navigation Com- 
 pany was formed, and a charter procured. In 1810 George 
 Divers, Williams D. Meriwether, Nimrod Bramham, John 
 Kelly and Dabney Minor were its Directors, and Peter Minor 
 its Treasurer. The original methods of procedure were 
 simple enough. They aimed to keep the channel of the 
 river clear of snags and hammocks, and to provide flat- 
 bottomed boats called batteaux, for the carriage of freight. 
 Advantage was taken of freshets to load the boats, and run 
 them down, while the stream was at high water mark. As 
 at such times the water rushed with the speed of a torrent, 
 the navigation was often dangerous ; but the management of 
 the boats became a special business, and the men employed 
 acquired an intelligence and skill which were seldom ba£3ed 
 by accidents. A family named Craddock bore for many 
 years a high reputation as adroit and successful watermen. 
 In 1827 books were opened for an enlarged subscription of 
 stock, and eleven hundred and fifteen shares were taken at 
 fifty dollars a share. A list of the subscribers remains on 
 record in Deed Book Twenty-Seven. This money was raised 
 to improve still further the channel of the river. The 
 improvement consisted in the erection of dams at shoal places, 
 to increase the depth of water, and thus secure slack water 
 navigation, locks being provided to raise or lower the boats 
 at the different levels. Some of the locks were handsomely 
 faced with hewn stone, and built in a substantial manner. 
 Besides the dams located in Fluvanna, there was one erected 
 at Milton, three at Shadwell, one at the Woolen Mills, one 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BBMARLB 85 
 
 at the Three Islands, two at the Broad Mossing Ford, and 
 two at Rio Mills. It was no doubt in preparation for this 
 effort, that commissioners were appointed by the County 
 Court in 182 5 to consider the practicability of clearing out 
 the south fork from the mouth of Ivy Creek to the "I/ittle 
 River." The court also in 1841 directed an examination of 
 the improvements on the south fork with the view of allowing 
 additional tolls. Some still living remember boats bound for 
 the James River Canal at Columbia, which carried from 
 eighty to a hundred barrels of flour, and from forty to fifty 
 hogsheads of tobacco. The value of this work was entirely 
 destroyed by the advent of the railroads ; yet it seemed hard 
 to abandon an enterprise, on which so much had been 
 expended, and from which such great benefits had been 
 derived. Since the war another attempt was made to renew 
 its usefulness. Two dams were constructed, one above Milton, 
 and the other above Shadwell ; but both being damaged by 
 sweeping floods, the whole matter has been finally dropped. 
 The early settlers of Albemarle amidst all the distracting 
 labors of founding new homes, set no small value on the 
 advantages of education- Both those who pushed their way 
 up from the tidewater section, and the Scotch Irish element 
 who came over from the Valley, made it their care to build 
 the schoolhouse. Soon after the formation of the county. 
 Rev. James Maury, Rector of Fredericksville parish, opened 
 a classical school on the borders of Albemarle and Louisa, 
 which he superintended for many years with eminent success. 
 In this nursery of learning Mr. Jefferson received in part his 
 mental training. At the same period Rev. Samuel Black, 
 whose home was on Mechum's River below the Miller School, 
 was also engaged in teaching. Rev. Matthew Maury, son of 
 James, succeeded his father in the school as well as in the 
 parish. In fact, it was generally the case that ministers of 
 the gospel, whose salaries were small, joined the work of 
 instruction to their regular professional duties. In the early 
 deeds, it is not uncommon to find in the description of places 
 sold, the incidental mention of the schoolhouse, or the school- 
 house spring. It was also customary in setting forth the 
 
86 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 parties to deeds, to state their residence and occupation, a 
 matter of no slight importance in a historical point of view. 
 We learn in this way that about 1760 a James Forbes, who 
 bought land on the head of Ivy Creek, was a schoolmaster, 
 and that William Coursey, Jr. , who lived in the northern part 
 of the county, pursued the same vocation. David Rodes, 
 who resided on Moorman's River, mentions in some notes 
 still remaining, patronizing from 1766 to 1768, the schools of 
 Charles Lambert, William Coleman and William Harris. 
 
 In consequence of Mr. Jefferson's repeated suggestions, 
 seconded by the active efforts of Joseph Cabell in the I<egis- 
 lature, a State law was passed in 1818 in which it was pro- 
 vided, that Commissioners should be appointed in every 
 county, not less than five, nor more than fifteen in number, 
 who should give attention to the children of families unable 
 to bear the expense of their education. These appointments 
 were made in Albemarle every three years for a considerable 
 time. Those who constituted the first commission were 
 Martin Dawson, James Clark, Francis Carr, John Goss, 
 Thomas Wood, James Jarman, John A. Michie, Isaac A. 
 Coles, William Harris, Allen Dawson, William Woods, 
 Samuel L. Hart, Charles Yancey, Christopher Hudson, and 
 Henry T. Harris. 
 
 In the early part of the century John Robertson, a native 
 of Scotland, and father of Judge W. J. Robertson, taught a 
 classical school on the east side of the South West Mountain. 
 His library, a catalogue of which is recorded in Will Book 
 No. Seven, contained a more complete set of the Greek and 
 lyatin authors than perhaps could be found in any other 
 private collection in the State. The first numbers of the 
 Central Gazette supply some information in regard to the 
 educational facilities of the county during the decade of 1820. 
 In that year was commenced the Charlottesville Female 
 Seminary, the site of which was what is now the Leterman 
 lot, corner of High and Third Streets. Its first Principal 
 was a Mrs. George. It was subsequently presided over by 
 Mr. and Mrs. lyittleford, of Baltimore, Mrs. G. K. Taylor, 
 and Mrs. Fgan. Mr. Gerard E. Stuck, who was accredited 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 87 
 
 by most flattering testimonials, taught the Charlottesville 
 Academy, designed for boys. Allen Dawson had a school, 
 first at his farm on the Scottsville Road, then at his house 
 on Main Street, west of Third, and still later at a school- 
 house that once stood on J. W. Marshall's lot on Park 
 Street. In this house Thomas Woodson taught some years 
 later. The small brick near the east end of Main Street, 
 now occupied by William Durrett, accommodated suc- 
 cessively the schools of George Carr, Thomas W. Maury 
 and Rev. Mr. Hatch. Mr. Carr afterwards taught in con- 
 nection with Christopher Hornsey, and Mr. Maury removed 
 his school to his residence west of the University, now owned 
 by Samuel Kmerson. Mrs. Charles Spencer gave instruc- 
 tion to small children on the south side of Main Street at the 
 foot of Vinegar Hill, and to the same class of pupils Mrs. 
 Ebenezer Watts devoted her labors at a subsequent period. 
 Mrs. Rebecca Estes had a school for young ladies in the 
 large brick on the top of Vinegar Hill. About 1829 Mrs. 
 Blaetterman opened an academy for young ladies in the large 
 brick, south of where the I/ynchburg Road passes under the 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. S. Overton Minor taught 
 at the Farm, and later in the basement of the old Baptist 
 Church. In the old brick next east of the Opera House on 
 West Main Street, a classical school was conducted by Bar- 
 tholomew Egan and Victor Ferrow. William A. Bowen 
 taught near Ivy Depot, holding his examinations in Moun- 
 tain Plains Church, and afterwards near Batesville, making 
 a similar use of Mount Ed Church. Thornton Rogers had a 
 classical academy at his place at Keswick. Joseph Mills 
 gave instruction near Earlysville, and William J. Wilkerson 
 two miles west of Michie's old Tavern. Mason Frizzell, 
 a graduate of Williams College, had charge of a school 
 on Chestnut Ridge, and John Duggins of one near H. 
 Martin's, presumably south of Covesville. T. 1,. Terrell 
 was a teacher at James H. Terrell's on the east side 
 of the South West Mountain. Samuel Harrison taught 
 at Piney Grove. A school in Brown's Cove was instructed 
 by William Brander, and a Female Seminary in the 
 
88 HISTORY OF AiBKMARLE 
 
 same place by Miss Sarah P. Catlett. When Jonathan 
 B. Carr retired from the practice of the law, he opened 
 a school at his place, the Retreat, north of Dunlora. Rev. 
 Ovid A. Kinsolving received part of his early education at 
 Plain Dealing, the residence of Samuel Dyer. 
 
 During the next decade was built the house where Dr. 
 William S. White taught for some years, now the Presbyte- 
 rian Manse, and shortly after the brick at the corner of Maple 
 and Seventh Streets was erected as a Female Seminary. 
 Midway, first opened as a hotel under I<ouis A. Xaupi^ 
 became the seat of a flourishing academy taught by Duke 
 and Powers — Alexander Duke and Pike Powers — and after- 
 wards by Duke and Slaughter — Alexander Duke and Charles 
 Slaughter. 
 
 These were some of the places of instruction which existed 
 at that time, and which for the most part might be styled 
 high schools. Inthem were imparted the elements of a clas- 
 sical education. They were the forerunners of those admirable 
 preparatory seats of learning which arose in the next genera- 
 tion, and still exist in living memory, those of Franklin 
 Minor at Ridgeway, of Charles Minor at Brookhill, of Pro- 
 fessor Gessner Harrison at Cocke's Tavern, of William Din- 
 widdie at Greenwood, of Col. J. B. Strange on the Ridge 
 at Charlottesville, and of Brown and Tebbs at Bloomfield; 
 and at a later period, those of Major Horace Jones in Char- 
 lottesville, of the Wood Brothers at Cocke's Tavern, and of 
 John R. Sampson at Pantops. 
 
 A project was conceived of establishing at or near Char- 
 lottesville a large academy, to be organized and managed on 
 the plan of the German Gymnasium. Its great design was 
 to insure a more exact and thorough drill in the rudiments 
 of learning, and thus afford a more adequate preparation for 
 entrance into the University. In prosecution of this idea, a 
 long prospectus was published in 1829, signed by a large 
 number of the most eminent men in all sections of the State, 
 but nothing tangible ever resulted. Things still seem to be 
 shaping themselves more and more in agreement with the 
 wonderful foresight of Mr. Jefferson, forming that gradation 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 89 
 
 which constituted the ideal of his mind, each step rising 
 higher from the common school to the University, at which 
 all the last and most finished results of every branch of 
 learning could be obtained. 
 
 Jefferson well deserves the title of Father of the University 
 of Virginia. The whole establishment was the outgrowth 
 of his views upon education. These views occupied his 
 mind while acting as one of the Revisors of the I^aws of 
 Virginia in 1776, were constantly revolved in his thoughts, 
 and were from time to time expressed in legislative bills, 
 and correspondence with his friends, until they finally 
 assumed permanent form in the noble institution which is 
 the chief ornament of Albemarle, and one of the chief orna- 
 ments of the State. His fundamental maxim was, that the 
 stability and happiness of the republic depended on the gen- 
 eral diffusion of knowledge through the mass of the people; 
 hence the attainment of this object was perhaps more the 
 dictate of his patriotism, than of his literary tastes. The 
 instrumentality to be employed comprehended common 
 schools, grammar schools or academies, and a university as 
 the head of the system. An act containing these general 
 ideas was prepared and presented to the General Assembly 
 in 1779, but amidst the turmoil of the Revolution attracted 
 but little attention. The same views were expressed in his 
 Notes on Virginia, in which he proposed that William and 
 Mary should be enlarged, and made to occupy the place of a 
 university. In 1796 the lyCgislature passed an act which 
 approached as near the attainment of free schools in Virginia, 
 as was ever realized until after the war. 
 
 This act provided that a majority of the acting justices of 
 each county should determine whether they should be estab- 
 lished ; that in case they came to this conclusion, they should 
 elect three officers called aldermen, who should divide their 
 county into hundreds, in imitation of the political divisions 
 of old Knglish times; and that the people of each hundred 
 should tax themselves for the erection of a school house 
 in the most convenient place, and for the support of a 
 teacher. According to Mr. Jefferson, the common schools 
 
90 HISTORY OF AI,BKMARI<E 
 
 were to be wholly supported by local taxation, the acad- 
 emy was to be assisted by the State, and the University 
 was to receive a larger measure of State assistance, in con- 
 junction with the benevolent contributions of the friends 
 of education. But his conceptions were far in advance of 
 his age. The magistrates were as little inclined as the peo- 
 ple, to levy a special tax for general education. Although 
 before the system was introduced by the present con- 
 stitution, the counties and cities of the state were allowed 
 by special enactment to adopt free schools for themselves, it 
 is doubted whether a single county availed itself of the priv- 
 ilege, and whether more than one or two cities were liberal 
 minded enough to enter upon the work. A meeting of the 
 magistrates of Albemarle was called to consider the subject 
 in 1797, the year after the act referred to was passed, at 
 which were present Francis Walker, Samuel Murrell, Rice 
 Garland, Wilson C. Nicholas, George Divers, Bernard Brown, 
 Thomas C. Fletcher and Thomas Bell. The decision at 
 which they arrived was, "that no election of aldermen shall 
 be held this year" — nor was any ever held thereafter. Under 
 the law of 1818 which required not less than five nor more 
 than fifteen Commissioners to be appointed in every connty, 
 the full number was appointed in this county. They dis- 
 posed of the quota of the State I<iterary Fund apportioned 
 to the county, and provided for free education as far as this 
 means would allow. Children thus aided were admitted to 
 the schools upon certificate from one of the magistrates. In 
 1849 a memorable debate on the question took place before 
 the people of the county, and an election was held. Dr. 
 William H. McGufiey, of the University, took the stump in 
 behalf of free schools, and General William F. Gordon and 
 Col. T. J. Randolph against them. By the popular vote 
 it was decided, that the time for public schools had not yet 
 come. 
 
 As early as 1783, just after the Revolutionary War, a move- 
 ment was begun to establish a grammar school in Albemarle. 
 This appears from a letter of Mr. Jefferson, written the last 
 day of that year. In it he narrates the efforts he had made 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 91 
 
 to secure a teacher, some literary character of the Irish nation, 
 or some person from Scotland — "from that country we are 
 sure of having sober, attentive men." A charter was ob- 
 tained for the Albemarle Academy in 1803 ; but though 
 trustees were elected, nothing further was accomplished. 
 Mr. Jefferson was President of the United States, and had 
 the affairs of the country on his hands ; the mainspring was 
 therefore wanting. In 1814 he was appointed a trustee. 
 Agitation at once commenced, plans were devised, a site 
 was pitched upon, the town of Charlottesville was selected. 
 But the project was soon enlarged. Albemarle Academy 
 grew into Central College. The I^egislature made this change 
 of name in 1816, and provided for the appointment by the 
 Governor of six visitors, who should choose professors, and 
 superintend the affairs of the new institution. The visitors 
 were Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, 
 Joseph C. Cabell, David Watson and John H. Cocke. The 
 next year land was bought from John M. Perry, the present 
 site of the University, and on October 6th, 1817, the corner 
 stone of Central College was laid. 
 
 The design had received a start, and like the letting out 
 of waters could not be stopped. Matters ripened fast. In 
 Pebruary 1818, the lyCgislature enacted that the Governor 
 should appoint Commissioners, one from each Senatorial 
 district of the State, who should meet in the month of August 
 in that year at a tavern in Rockfish Gap on the Blue Ridge, 
 and settle the site for a university, a plan for its construction, 
 the sciences to be taught, the number of professors, and a 
 legislative bill for organizing and managing the institution. 
 That body was appointed, and consisted of the following 
 gentlemen: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Spencer 
 Roane, Creed Taylor, Peter Randolph, William Brocken- 
 brough, Archibald Rutherford, Henry E. Watkins, Armis- 
 tead T. Mason, Hugh Holmes, John G. Jackson, William H. 
 Cabell, Nathaniel H. Claiborne, William A. E. Dade, Wil- 
 liam Jones, James Breckinridge, Philip C. Pendleton, Archi- 
 bald Stuart, Thomas Wilson, M. C. Taylor, Philip Slaughter, 
 John Johnson, R. B. Taylor, and Faulkner. All 
 
92 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 except the last three met at the tavern designated, which was- 
 the predecessor of the present Mountain Top, and was kept 
 at the time by two brothers named I,eake, kinsmen of the 
 late Hon. Shelton F. I^eake. Their hall of assembly was a 
 low, whitewashed room, furnished with a deal dining table 
 and split-bottomed chairs. The Commissioners were men 
 of distinction, yet with them as with others local predilections 
 had their weight. Jefferson, who was chosen president^ 
 strongly endeavored to secure Central College as the site. 
 Two other places were proposed, Staunton and Lexington. 
 After mature consideration the vote was taken, and stood 
 sixteen for Central College, three for Lexington, and two for 
 Staunton. The work was virtually accomplished. On Jan- 
 uary 25th, 1819, Central College was by the Legislature 
 transmuted into the University of Virginia. 
 
 The erection of buildings which had been begun by the 
 authorities of Central College, was already in a good degree 
 of forwardness. The plan of the whole group, as well as the 
 styles of the particular edifices, had been designed by Mr. 
 Jefferson himself. All the residences, or pavilions, as they 
 were called, and all the dormitories, on the West Lawn were 
 put up, and the interior wood work and plastering were in. 
 progress. This was true also in regard to the first and sec- 
 ond pavilions, that is, the two most northerly, and ten dormi- 
 tories, on East Lawn. No contracts had yet been let for the 
 remaining buildings, the three southern pavilions and the other 
 dormitories on East Lawn, and the hotels and dormitories on 
 the East and West Ranges. Nor was any mention yet made 
 of the erection of the Rotunda. The first pavilion designed 
 in the Doric order, with the four adjoining dormitories, 
 on West Lawn was built, the brick work by Carter and 
 Phillips, and the wood work by James Oldham. Matthew 
 Brown did the brick work, and James Dinsmore the wood 
 work, of the second pavilion in the Corinthian order. The 
 third pavilion in the Ionic order, with the seven nearest dor- 
 mitories, was erected, the brick work by John M. Perry, and 
 the wood work by Perry and Dinsmore. The fourth pavilion 
 in the Doric order, with fifteen dormitories adjacent, was 
 
HISTORY OF AIvBBMARLE 93 
 
 built, the brick work by Matthew Brown, David Knight and 
 -Hugh Chisholm, and the wood work by John M. Perry. The 
 fifth pavilion and one dormitory were built, the brick 
 work by Carter and Phillips, and the wood work by George 
 W. Spooner and John Neilson. The entire work of pavilions 
 -one and two, with the ten adjoining dormitories, on East 
 I^awn, was contracted for by Richard Ware. 
 
 According to Mr. Jefferson's report in 1821, the cost of the 
 ten pavilions was estimated at eighty -six thousand dollars, 
 of the one hundred and nine dormitories at sixty-five thou- 
 sand, and of the six hotels at twenty -four thousand. The 
 entire sum for land, buildings and labor was placed at two 
 hundred and seven thousand. The construction of the 
 Rotunda proved to be an expensive undertaking. An esti- 
 mate published in Niles's Register in 1826, set down the cost 
 •of the complete establishment at about four hundred thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 The scholastic duties of the University began at length on 
 March 7th, 1825. The number of students present at the 
 ■opening was forty; the whole number matriculated during 
 the session up to the last of September, was one hundred 
 and sixteen. The Central Gazette issued on the seventh of 
 March noticed the opening, and stated "that many were said 
 to have been prevented from being present by heavy rains 
 and bad roads." 
 
 In the early days of the University there was a greater 
 tendency to disorder among the students than has since been 
 apparent. In 1836 wild and boisterous spirits prevailed to 
 such an extent that the firm hand of Benjamin Picklin was 
 required to repress their effervescence, and in 1840 the deplor- 
 able death of Prof. John A. G. Davis occurred by the 
 rash violence of a student. But the height of these excesses 
 produced a reaction, and led to a more quiet and rational 
 line of conduct. It may be safely aflBrmed, that in the history 
 •of the institution as a whole, there have been as little turbu- 
 lence and destructive riot as in any assemblage of like kind 
 in the country. In truth, notwithstanding reports to the 
 contrary, the most healthful moral influences have been in 
 
94 HISTORY OF ALBEMARI.B 
 
 operation from the beginning. In 1828 the faculty by their 
 formal action invited Rev. F. W. Hatch and Rev. F. Bow- 
 man, the only resident ministers in the town, to preach 
 alternately every Sunday at the University. In 1830 a Tem- 
 perance Society, holding regular sessions, was formed among 
 the students. Its first ofBcers were J. W. C. Watson, Presi- 
 dent, Thomas H. Hamner, first Vice President, Socrates 
 Maupin, second Vice President, and Samuel Scott, Secretary, 
 and a hall was erected for its special use in 1856. About 
 1830 a chaplain was chosen by the faculty to ofiBciate regu- 
 larly in the institution, and for more than sixty years thi& 
 oflSce was statedly filled, and supported by the voluntary 
 contributions of the professors and students; and in 1854 a 
 comfortable house was built on the University grounds as 
 the chaplain's residence. During the period when the scenes. 
 of greatest disorder occurred, a weekly prayer meeting was 
 maintained among the students by the energetic zeal of such 
 men as Dr. Frank Sampson and Rev. Dennis Dudley, then 
 prosecuting their academic studies ; and later a Young Men's 
 Christian Association was formed within its walls, which 
 was the first organized body of the kind in the countr5'-. 
 
 In those early days the students of the University wore a 
 uniform. It consisted of a suit of grayish cloth, called Ox- 
 ford Mixed, specially imported from year to year by John 
 Cochran, the coat braided on the collar, and the pantaloons 
 striped at the sides. This badge of distinction gave rise to 
 an extensive industry in Charlottesville. From a hundred 
 to a hundred and twenty journeyman tailors were engaged 
 in its manufacture, and the firm of Marshall & Bailey, 
 Shoemakers, employed from thirty- five to forty hands in 
 their business. 
 
 The Public Hall annexed to the Rotunda, and destroyed 
 by the fire of 1895, was commenced in 1851 , and in 1859 Daw- 
 son's Row was erected. These buildings were constructed 
 with the proceeds of a farm devised by the will of Martin 
 Dawson, a citizen of the county, who died in 1835. By the 
 sale of this farm, the sum of fourteen thousand dollars was. 
 realized. The Chemical I^aboratory was erected in 1870,. 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMARLE 95 
 
 the Brooks Museum in 1875, and the buildings of the Mc- 
 Cormick Observatory in 1881. In 1859 a parcel of land be- 
 longing to Mrs. Sophia Johnson, containing several springs, 
 and lying in a ravine north of Observatory Mountain, 
 together with the right of way for pipes, was condemned for 
 the use of the University. A reservoir was formed in the 
 ravine to furnish the institution with a supply of water. 
 
96 HISTORY OF ALBEMARtE 
 
 CHAPTER y. 
 
 The only reference to the war of 1812 in the records occurs 
 in 1866, where an enumeration of the family of James Michie, 
 Jr., was presented to the Court. It was there stated, that in 
 that contest that gentleman was a corporal in the company 
 of Captain Estes, of the Virginia militia, and that a land war- 
 rant for one hundred and sixty acres was issued to his 
 descendants on that account. It is ascertained upon inquiry 
 that a cavalry company from the county commanded by 
 Colonel Samuel Carr, and of which Dr. Frank Carr was 
 Surgeon, and an infantry company of which Achilles Broad - 
 head was Captain, were also called into service. From the 
 same source it is learned that William Wertenbaker was a 
 private in Captain Estes' s company, and Henry Turner, the 
 father of the venerable William H. Turner, served in the 
 cavalry. To what point these troops were marched is not 
 known; but as the enemy never landed on the soil of the 
 State, no occasion happened for their employment in action. 
 In a letter dated September 1814, and written by William 
 Wirt, who commanded an artillery company in camp on York 
 River, he says, "Frank Gilmer, Jefferson Randolph, the 
 Carrs and others, have got tired waiting for the British, and 
 gone home." 
 
 Captain Estes above mentioned was Triplett T. Estes, who 
 for many years kept the Stone Tavern on the square on which 
 I<ipscomb's livery stable stands. In the appointment of 
 Processioners in 1811, he is designated as Captain of the 
 militia company in the district immediately south of Char- 
 lottesville, and to which the inhabitants of the town belonged. 
 He was unfortunate in his business affairs. He purchased 
 the Stone Tavern with its surrounding square, but was un- 
 able to make the payments. At one time he also owned the 
 farm on Biscuit Run which Martin Dawson afterwards devised 
 to the University ; but that together with all his property 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 97 
 
 was sold under deeds of trust. About 1819 he removed from 
 Charlottesville to Fredericksburg, and in 1832 was living in 
 Dinwiddle County, probably in Petersburg. 
 
 In 1816 the County Court received a communication from 
 the State authorities, requesting a survey of the County to 
 be made in order to the preparation of an accurate map of 
 the State. In compliance with this request they appointed 
 Dabney Minor, Dr. Frank Carr and Dr. Charles Brown to 
 arrange for the survey; and in answer to their overtures 
 William H. Meriwether proposed to undertake the work. It 
 is supposed he carried it into effect; but no details of the 
 time or manner of its accomplishment have been found. 
 The results of this and other similar surveys throughout the 
 State, were committed to John Wood, an eminent engineer 
 of the day. He however died in 1822, before the completion 
 of his task. The fruits of his labors, with all the materials 
 which had been collected, were then entrusted to Herman 
 Boye. By the contract entered into with him, the map was 
 to have been finished on the first of April 1824, and in all 
 likelihood it was published during the course of that year. 
 A well preserved copy formerly hung in the University 
 Library in the Rotunda, but it no doubt perished in the fire 
 of 1895. Two or three other copies in private hands, much 
 defaced by time and want of care, have been met with in the 
 county. 
 
 The lyCgislature passed an act in January 1818, establish- 
 ing the town of Scottsville on James River. This point had 
 been well known from the beginning of the county. In its 
 proximity the first courthouse had been located, and for 
 seventeen years was the centre of public business for all the 
 surrounding country. It can hardly be questioned that the 
 people of the neighborhood looked upon it as a heavy blow, 
 when the seat of justice was removed, and they were obliged 
 to repair to Charlottesville in discharge of their public 
 functions. 
 
 It continued nevertheless to be a place of considerable 
 notoriety. As Scott's Ferry, it was a point of chief impor- 
 —7 
 
98 HISTOKY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 tance in crossing the river James, and maintaining the means 
 of communication between the inhabitants north and south 
 of that stream; and as Scott's Landing, it was a station of 
 some consequence in the business of its navigation. When 
 the Tobacco Warehouses were established at Milton and the 
 mouth of Ballenger's Creek in 1792, liberty was also given 
 for the erection of one on John Scott's land at Scott's Perry, 
 but restricted by the conditions, that the proprietor should 
 construct an edifice of brick or stone, with roof of slate or 
 tile, and with gates of iron, and that until the County Court 
 entered upon their records the fact of such construction, no 
 tobacco should be received, and no inspectors appointed. 
 As no fact of the kind was made a matter of record, it would 
 appear the proprietor regarded the conditions too burdensome 
 to fulfil. 
 
 The desire for the founding of a town at this place was un- 
 doubtedly stimulated by the progress of the James River im- 
 provement, and the further extension of the canal. An 
 abortive attempt seems to have been made in 1816 by private 
 efforts of the Coles family, who sold a number of lots with that 
 end in view. Two years later the sanction of the Legisla- 
 ture was obtained for the project. Fifteen acres of land be- 
 longing to John Scott were vested in Samuel Dyer, Sr. , Samuel 
 Dyer, Jr., Christopher Hudson, Tucker Coles and John Coles 
 as Trustees, to be laid out in half acre lots, to be conveyed 
 to purchasers , and to be called the town of Scottsville. Thirty- 
 three lots and four outlots were sold the same year for 
 upwards of thirteen thousand dollars. About 1830 an addi- 
 tion was made on its western boundary by Peyton Harrison, 
 who had since its origin purchased the Belle Grove planta- 
 tion, which lay just above the town, and on which the old 
 courthouse formerly stood. 
 
 In 1824 the Staunton and James River Turnpike was com- 
 menced, and Scottsville was its river terminus. Because of 
 its fine shipping facilities, it was not long before great num- 
 bers of huge, old-fashioned wagons thronged its streets, 
 large consignments of produce from the west, and of merchan- 
 dise from the east, filled its warehouses, and it became the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK 99 
 
 emporium of a busy commerce, and rapidly rose to great 
 prosperity. A tobacco warehouse was now successfully 
 established, and its first inspectors were James B. Holman, 
 James Thomas, Fleming Moon and Richard Omohundro. 
 It enjoyed the brightness of these palmy days until about 
 1850, when its flourishing trade was greatly diminished by 
 the advent of the railroads. It continued however to possess 
 the benefits of the canal, and when that was relinquished, 
 those ot the railway which succeeded in its stead. 
 
 No newspaper was published in Albemarle during the first 
 seventy-five years of its existence, nor until the fifty-seventh 
 year after the establishment of Charlottesville. People de- 
 pended on Richmond and Washington for information of 
 events transpiring in the world, and as in those days the mail 
 was received but once a week, it is probable but few dailies 
 were taken. At the close of the last century the Courts di- 
 rected their orders to be published in the Virginia Gazette in 
 Richmond, and after the beginning of the present century, 
 sometimes in a paper of Staunton, and sometimes in one of 
 Lynchburg. 
 
 But in a county where so much of intellectual cultivation 
 existed, where Charlottesville Academy had merged into 
 Central College, and Central College was merging into the 
 University of Virginia, it was high time that a step so in- 
 dicative of mental and literary activity should be taken. The 
 first paper issued in its bounds was the Central Gazette, its 
 first number appearing on the twenty-ninth of January, 1820. 
 Its proprietors were Clement P. and John H. McKennie. 
 It became the medium of advertisements for this and the 
 contiguous counties. Some original communications were 
 contributed, but the main part of its literary matter consisted 
 of extracts from other papers, setting forth the political events 
 of the day, and the news from foreign countries. After a 
 time Thomas W. Gilmer was associated with its editorial 
 staff. It is not certainly known how long its publication 
 continued, but it probably ceased about 1827 or 1828. A 
 number of its volumes bound, and running perhaps through 
 its whole course, were deposited in the University Library, 
 
100 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 but all except the first were unfortunately consumed in the 
 fire of 1895, 
 
 The Virginia Advocate was the next journal that appeared. 
 It began simultaneously with the cessation of the Gazette. Its 
 first editors were Thomas W. Gilmer and John A. G. Davis. 
 Nicholas P Trist subsequently took part in its management. 
 It then passed into the hands of Dr. Frank Carr, and was 
 sold by him in 1830 to E. W. Reinhart. After an interval 
 of some years it was under the control of William W. Tomp- 
 kins and Alexander Moseley, the latter of whom afterwards 
 became the distinguished editor of the Richmond Whig. 
 Later it was conducted by Robert C. Noel, William J. Shel- 
 ton and James C. Halsall, and still later it was edited succes- 
 sively by John ly. Cochran and James C. Southall. 
 
 In the meantime, about 1829 or 1830, James Alexander 
 came to Charlottesville from Massachusetts through the 
 agency of Colonel T. J. Randolph, to undertake the printing 
 of Mr. Jefferson's correspondence. When that work was 
 completed, Mr. Alexander commenced in 1836 the publica- 
 tion of the Jeffersonian Republican, avowedly as a Demo- 
 cratic organ. Some years before the opposition to General 
 Jackson had assumed positive form, and between the Whig 
 and Democratic parties lines of demarcation had been dis- 
 tinctly drawn. The Advocate had taken sides with the for- 
 mer, and to further the interests of the latter the Jeffersonian 
 was set on foot. Mr. Alexander was the ostensible editor 
 as well as publisher, though he was constantly supplied with 
 articles written by such active members of the party as Col- 
 onel Randolph, Frank RuflBn, Shelton F. lycake and others. 
 These two papers ran side by side until both were suspended 
 by the disorganizing influences of the civil war. During 
 their continuance a periodical of some sort, exhibiting the 
 title of The Idea, was started by Thomas W. Michie, but 
 apparently it proved ephemeral in its duration. A few 
 months before the war began, a new journal appeared under 
 the name of the Charlottesville Review, but owing to the disas- 
 trous pressure of the times it survived but a short season. 
 A religious paper, the Christian Intelligencer, was published 
 for a time in Charlottesville by Rev. James Goss. 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 101 
 
 All papers had discontinued their issues by May 1862. 
 While the period of suspension lasted, orders of Court were 
 directed to be published in lyynchburg or Staunton. In Oc- 
 tober 1864- James C. Southall commenced the publication of 
 the Chronicle, and in 1868 disposed of it to Bennett Taylor 
 and John W. Foster. They were succeeded by I/ittleton 
 Waddell, and he, by H. B. Michie. Some years after the 
 war the Jeffersonian Republican was recommenced by R. P. 
 Valentine, with A. R. Blakey as editor. It was afterwards 
 transferred to James Blakey, who conducted it several years. 
 The present paper of the county, the Progress, was launched 
 as a Daily in 1890 by J. H. I^indsay, and it was not long 
 before it absorbed both of the other papers. The Chronicle 
 was published as a Tri-Weekly, and all the other journals 
 mentioned except the Progress as Weeklies. 
 
 Besides the Correspondence of Mr. Jefferson which has 
 been mentioned, a Gazetteer of Virginia was published in 
 Charlottesville in 1835 by Joseph Martin. It was an octavo 
 of more than six hundred pages. It contained a collection 
 of statistics, valuable at the time, a description of each 
 county, with an enumeration of its post offices, a history of 
 Virginia, written expressly for the work, and a map of the 
 State as it then was. Quite a corps of collaborators was 
 engaged in its execution. William H. Brockenbrough , a 
 member of the Albemarle bar, and subsequently Judge of the 
 United States District Court of Florida, was editor, Moseley 
 and Tompkins printers, Joseph Martin binder, and E. C. 
 Morse general aid. 
 
 In early periods the people of the county seem to have 
 been animated by a stronger public spirit than prevails at 
 present. This was manifested in their frequent co-operative 
 action for attaining important results. For sometime prior 
 to 1820 the Albemarle Agricultural Society was accomplish- 
 ing a successful work, its members publishing accounts of 
 their individual experiments, maintaining a correspondence 
 with kindred bodies, and holding annual exhibitions of their 
 products, with the award of liberal premiums to competitors 
 who excelled. An idea of the powerful influence it exerted 
 
102 HISTORY OF ALBUMARLE 
 
 for good, may be formed from the list of those who took a 
 leading part in its affairs. James Madison was its Presi- 
 dent Its first Vice President was Thomas Mann Ran- 
 dolph, its second, John H. Cocke, its Treasurer, Nimrod 
 Bramham, and its Secretaries, Peter Minor and Dr. Frank 
 Carr. Its Committee of Correspondence were T. M. 
 Randolph, James Barbour, Dr. Thomas G. Watkins, Wil- 
 liam D. Meriwether and Peter Minor, and its Committee 
 of Accounts, Dabney Minor, Dr. Thomas E. Randolph 
 and John J. Winn. Among the excellent disquisitions 
 published on these subjects. Colonel Randolph described his 
 experiments with clover, John H. Craven how he reduced 
 the great gullies with which Pen Park was furrowed when it 
 came into his possession, and Peter Minor the results of 
 different methods of corn-planting on high lands. At one of 
 its yearly exhibitions, the first premium for the best tilled 
 farm in the county was assigned to John Rogers, and the 
 second to John H. Craven. On these occasions George W- 
 Kinsolving and William Woods, Surveyor, displayed their 
 fine blooded horses, the latter supplying his stables with 
 purchases from the choice stock of John Randolph of Roa- 
 noke. Beyond question the agency of this Society gave a 
 powerful stimulus to the improvement of the live stock of the 
 county, as well as to the better cultivation of its soil. 
 
 In those days a Colonization Society existed, of which 
 Jonathan B. Carr was Treasurer, and which held an annual 
 meeting on the first Monday of October. In furtherance of 
 its objects Rev. Francis Bowman preached a sermon on the 
 Fourth of July 1824, and in May 1830 the ladies of Char- 
 lottesville and the county held a fair at Fitch's Tavern. 
 
 The Albemarle Bible Society was organized in August 
 1828. Nathaniel Burnley acted as Secretary when they first 
 convened, and the first Monday of August was appointed as 
 the time of the annual meeting. A full staff of ofiicers was 
 elected for a thorough canvass of the county, and for the 
 energetic prosecution of its work. Hugh Nelson was Presi- 
 dent, John Kelly, Vice President, Rev. F. W. Hatch, Secre- 
 tary, Rev. F. Bowman, Treasurer, and Dr. Hardin Massie, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 103 
 
 William Woods, Surveyor, Nimrod Bramham, G. W. Kin- 
 solving and John Rogers, Managers. Agents were likewise 
 chosen to awaken interest in the different battalion districts. 
 George Wood and Allen Dickerson served in the first bat- 
 talion of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment, John J. Bowcock and 
 M. Fretwell in the second, Dr. Harris and John B. Hart in 
 the first battalion of the Forty-Seventh, John 1,. Thomas and 
 Matthew Pilson in the second, and Dr. H. Massie in the town 
 of Charlottesville. It is a matter of interest to know who 
 at that time were leaders in so praiseworthy a cause. 
 
 A Debating Society was maintained in Charlottesville, 
 which, besides kindling the talents and directing the studies 
 of the young men of the town, quickened the patriotism of 
 the community by occasionally celebrating the Fourth of July. 
 On that day 1830, they assembled in the Presbyterian Church, 
 where Dr. Frank Carr read the Declaration of Independence, 
 and Nathaniel Wolfe, a member of the bar, delivered an 
 oration. 
 
 In 1830 the Albemarle Temperance Society was formed 
 with Dr. Frank Carr as President, Dr. H. Massie, Vice Presi- 
 dent, J. W. C. Watson, Secretary, and Edward S. Watson, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Nor should it be omitted, that as a means of promoting 
 the mental life and culture of the community, a meeting was 
 held in 1823 for the establishment of a public library. A 
 committee was appointed to draft a constitution, and another 
 consisting of Mr. Jefferson, Rev. F. Bowman and John 
 Ormond, a member of the bar, to prepare a catalogue of 
 appropriate books for purchase. The next year the Albe- 
 marle I/ibrary Association was organized. V. W. Southall 
 was its President, John J. Winn its Vice President, Ira 
 Garrett its Secretary, William Wertenbaker its Treasurer, 
 and William H. Meriwether its I/ibrarian. Its doors were to 
 open Mondays and Fridays, from eleven A. M. to three P. 
 M. I^ike many other beneficent projects, it has passed 
 away among the things that were, and its books scattered to 
 the four winds. Occasionally an odd volume may still be 
 met with, marked with the label of the Association. 
 
104 HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 
 
 The visit of lyafayette to this country occurred in 1824, and 
 Albemarle was particularly honored with his presence. In 
 November of that year he came from Richmond to exchange 
 greetings with Mr. Jefferson. Special preparations were 
 made for his reception. At the Fluvanna line a troop of 
 cavalry, named in his honor the Lafayette Guards, met him 
 on Thursday the eleventh, to escort him to Monticello. The 
 officers of this detachment were John H. Craven, Captain, 
 George W. Kinsolving, First Lieutenant, Richard Watson, 
 Second Lieutenant, and Thomas W. Gilmer, Cornet. On its 
 arrival at that point, the carriage containing Lafayette was 
 halted, and he was addressed by William C. Rives, who in 
 the course of his remarks mentioned, that he was held in 
 lively and affectionate remembrance by the people of Virginia, 
 and that not far from where they stood there remained a 
 memento of him and his gallant services in their behalf dur- 
 ing the Revolution, as the road by which he led his army to 
 protect the old Court House from Cornwallis's approach, 
 still bore the name of the Marquis's Road. 
 
 When the cortege arrived at Monticello, the troop was 
 drawn up, on each side of the southern lawn. Lafayette 
 alighted a short distance from the portico, from which Jef- 
 ferson descended with tottering steps to meet him as he 
 approached. As they drew near, the one exclaimed with 
 choking emotion, "Lafayette," and the other with the 
 same tender pathos, "Jefierson," and for a season they were 
 locked in each other's embrace, while tears freely coursed 
 down their cheeks. So affecting was the scene that there 
 was scarcely a dry eye among all the spectators. At length 
 the venerable friends turned and entered the house. Before 
 they were seated however, word was brought to Lafayette 
 that a company of youth, styled the Junior Volunteers, who 
 had been a part of his escort from the Fluvanna line, wished 
 to offer him the tribute of their respect. He immediately 
 returned to the portico, where he was saluted in an admirable 
 and manly address by Egbert R. Watson, then fourteen 
 years of age. When the conclusion was reached, he ap- 
 proached the youthful orator, and taking both his hands in 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLB 105 
 
 his own, assured him and his companions of his hearty 
 appreciation of their reception. 
 
 On Friday the twelfth, he was conveyed to the Central 
 Hotel in Charlottesville, where he was addressed by Thomas 
 J. Randolph. A public reception followed. At noon a 
 procession was formed and marched to the University, where 
 on the portico of the Rotunda he was again addressed by 
 William F. Gordon. In the Rotunda, then in an unfinished 
 condition, a large number of guests sat down with him to 
 dinner. According to the programme. Governor Randolph 
 was to have presided on the occasion ; but being necessarily 
 absent, his place was happily filled by V. W. Southall. At 
 six o'clock lyafayette returned to Monticello, accompanied by 
 Jefferson and Madison, with whom he quietly spent the 
 interval until Monday the fifteenth. On that day he was 
 again taken in charge by the Guards, and conducted as far 
 as Gordonsville on his way to Montpelier. 
 
 At this period, and for some time previous, many persons 
 visited the county to obtain the sight of Monticello, and its 
 distinguished occupant. They came from all parts of the 
 country, and even from foreign lands. Mr. Jefferson was 
 obliged largely to pay the penalty of greatness. Some of his 
 visitors were animated by a just admiration of his brilliant 
 gifts and services, others moved by a curiosity both low and 
 annoying. An Englishman, who spent some time in the 
 country toward the end of 1824, left on record his great 
 delight with the aged statesman, with Charlottesville, and 
 with the whole state of Virginia ; and as an instance of the 
 unbounded hospitality he had experienced, he states, that 
 the evening before his departure from Charlottesville he was 
 obliged to sup with three different families. Another 
 stranger, in a letter dated March 1825, expresses himself in 
 the following enthusiastic terms over the beauty of Albemarle 
 scenery : 
 
 "The site of the village [Charlottesville] is upon the sum- 
 mit of a gentle elevation which begins to rise from the foot 
 of Monticello. It contains a courthouse, a half finished 
 church, and three or four taverns, which constitute the whole 
 
106 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI,E 
 
 of its public buildings. It covers a limited portion of ground, 
 and from its appearance, though I cannot positively affirm 
 the fact, may number six hundred inhabitants. When a 
 traveller arrives in the village, he is struck with the sublime, 
 beautiful and picturesque scenery which everywhere sur- 
 rounds him, and he pauses to contemplate with eager curi- 
 osity the magnificent prospect which meets his view. He 
 forgets there is such a place as Charlottesville in existence, 
 when he casts his eye upon mountain after mountain rising 
 in regular succession, and whose lofty summits mingle with 
 the sky till they are lost in the distance. At one time the tops 
 of these lofty hills are enveloped in clouds, and at others 
 when the glorious King of day sinks behind them, and tinges 
 with golden rays their elevated heads, it calls forth an 
 unfeigned burst of admiration. The pure, unadulterated air 
 which descends into this village, surrounded with these 
 mountains, gives infallible token that the best of all earthly 
 blessings, health, dwells among them." 
 
 Besides the public buildings referred to above, Charlottes- 
 ville had at that time a market house. In October 1829, 
 Opie Norris advertised the "old" structure of that name for 
 sale, and required the removal of all the materials from the 
 ground. Its site was on Market Street immediately east of 
 Third. Soon after the war another edifice of the kind was 
 taken down at the west end of Market Street; whether it was 
 erected just after the demolition of the first is not known. 
 
 It was an advanced period in the history of the county 
 before banking facilities were enjoyed. In the earlier years 
 when a business man wished to remit money in the long in- 
 tervals of a payment in person, it was a common practice to 
 cut in two a bank note of high denomination, and send a 
 half by mail, and when the receipt of that was acknowledged, 
 to send the other half. In one instance this mode of remit- 
 tance led to an unhappy episode in the life of one of the 
 citizens. 
 
 In 1820 Solomon Ballou advertised to run a hack to and 
 from Richmond once a week, leaving Charlottesville on Wed- 
 nesdays at the tavern of G. W. Kinsolving, and Richmond on 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 107 
 
 Sa,turdays at Saunder's Taveru. His design was to trans- 
 port passengers, and also to carry the mails. Sometime 
 after Opie Norris in the course of business sent the half of a 
 fifty dollar note to a correspondent in Richmond. Hearing 
 nothing in reply, he had the other half mailed from Nelson 
 County to go by a different route, accompanied with the 
 explanation that he had already sent the first half. Assured 
 that the latter had not been received, he had Ballon arrested 
 and searched, and the missing piece was found on his person. 
 In consequence he was convicted of robbing the mail, and 
 sent for a term of years to the penitentiary. What seemed 
 a prosperous career, was thus brought to a sad end. Ballou 
 was doubtless the son of a man of the same name, who in 1780 
 bought a large plantation between Ivy Creek and Mechum's 
 River from Rev. William Woods. After his fall, Frank B. 
 Dyer sold under a deed of trust Lot Twenty-Nine — the most 
 easterly lot of the old town on the south side of Main Street 
 — of which he was the owner; and in 1832, when his im- 
 prisonment had probably ended, he and his wife Philadelphia 
 sold to John Lee the south end of the lot on which the Perley 
 Building stands. 
 
 It was still some time before a banking house was opened 
 in the county. The first concern of the kind was founded 
 during the decade- of 1830. This was the Savings Bank of 
 Charlottesville, of which John H. Bibb was Cashier, and 
 which, when its business had grown to large proportions in 
 later years, had its ofiice in the building of the Monticello 
 Bank. In the beginning of 1840, a branch of the Farmers' 
 Bank of Virginia was located in Charlottesville, at first on 
 the west side of the Square. John R. Jones, James W. 
 Saunders and T. J. Randolph were its Presidents in succes- 
 sion, William A. Bibb its Cashier, and Kemp Lowry and 
 Edlow Bacon its Tellers. It was here the venerable John 
 M.. Godwin received his financial training, being connected 
 with the bank during the whole of its existence. The 
 present City Hall on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets, 
 was erected for the prosecution of its business. 
 
 Shortly after the establishment of the Farmers' Bank, the 
 
108 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Monticello Bank was commenced. Its place of business was 
 the large edifice on the corner of Main and Fourth Streets, 
 which was especially built for its use. N. H. Massie was its 
 President, B. C. Flannagan its Cashier, and Alexander P. 
 Abell its Teller. 
 
 All these institutions were permanently closed by the civil 
 war. The one last mentioned had a somewhat romantic 
 prolongation of its proceedings after the cessation of hostili- 
 ties. When towards the termination of the war apprehen- 
 sions were entertained of the Sheridan Raid, it was deemed 
 advisable to remove the specie of the bank from its vaults. 
 Protected by a detachment of the Provost Guard, several 
 boxes of gold and silver coin were taken from the bank to 
 the residence of B. C. Flannagan, now in the occupancy of 
 Judge Lyon. The same night the bank ofEcers, accom- 
 panied by a friend and a negro in whom confidence was 
 reposed, transported them across the country to the brow of 
 the hill on the east side of Ivy Creek, near the point where it 
 is crossed by the Whitehall Road. In the evidence detailed 
 before the Court, a graphic description was given of the 
 journey, made toilsome by their heavy burdens, amidst the 
 gloom of the nocturnal darkness, over the face of the land 
 unmarked by any object in the shape of enclosure or fence, 
 all having been swept away by the ravages of the war. 
 Reaching the place proposed, they hastily dug holes for the 
 reception of the boxes. They found the ground frozen and 
 stony, so that their work was difi&cult. They were likewise 
 hampered by the fear, that the noise of their picks striking 
 upon the rocks might attract the ears of some belated passen- 
 ger. The result was that the boxes were partly buried in 
 shallow excavations, and partly covered with leaves under 
 the trunk of a fallen tree. After the return of peace it was 
 discovered that the money buried in the earth was gone, 
 while that concealed under the leaves remained undisturbed. 
 
 In searching the surrounding locality, an envolope was 
 found addressed to George W. Bailey. Inquiry revealed the 
 fact, that he and several friends had been fishing along Ivy 
 Creek a few days before. Bailey was arrested, and no other 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARI^E 109 
 
 evidence appearing at his examination, was discharged. He 
 thereupon brought suit against B. C. Flannagan, who had 
 procured his arrest. The case was tried at the October term 
 of the Circuit Court in 1866, and excited intense interest iii 
 the community, both from the mysterious incidents involved, 
 and from the brilliant array of legal talent on both sides. 
 The jury came to the conclusion that the defendant had not 
 acted unjustly or unreasonably. 
 
 After the war the Charlottesville National Bank was 
 organized in place of the Monticello Bank, with the same 
 officers. In 1867 the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank opened 
 its doors on the north side of Main Street below Fifth, its 
 President being John I,. Cochran, and its Cashier John M. 
 Godwin. About the same time the Virginia Ivoan & Trust 
 Company was projected, but was not long after transformed 
 into the Citizens' National Bank, under Doctor Henry How- 
 ard as its President, and W. W. Flannagan as its Cashier. 
 On the death of Doctor Howard in 1874, this institution was 
 consolidated with the Charlottesville National Bank. In 
 consequence of the financial panic which swept over the 
 country in 1873, and of discounts granted beyond safe limits, 
 both of the remaining banks collapsed, entailing upon the 
 community no little loss, and causing a serious disturbance 
 of its business. In the lack of banking facilities thus oc- 
 casioned, the Albemarle Insurance Company, which was 
 established in 1854, and had been managed with great profit, 
 became a place of deposit in charge of John Wood Jr. ; but 
 it shortly failed under the stringency of the times. To meet 
 the requirements of trade, B. H. Brennan, who had recently 
 come to the county from Buffalo, New York, opened a private 
 bank, with his son Frederick, as Cashier, and Daniel Harmon, 
 as Teller. It likewise suffered from adverse conditions, and 
 soon succumbed. 
 
 At the close of this season of commercial disaster and 
 gloom, the present monetary institutions, the People's Na- 
 tional Bank, and the Bank of Albemarle, entered upon their 
 career, and by careful and skilful supervision, it is believed, 
 are fixed on firm foundations. 
 
110 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 The Courts, besides discharging the ordinary routine of 
 business committed to their charge, maintained a vigilant 
 oversight of the morals of the people. Some of the former 
 generations of the county appear to have been much more 
 addicted to the vice of gambling than the present. It per- 
 tained to the country as well as the town ; and the gamesters , 
 by resorting to the country taverns, frequently brought their 
 hosts into the clutches of the law, as its prohibition was 
 levelled at the place no less than the person. The magis- 
 trates sought to repress the evil with a steady hand. In 1807 
 Ferrell Carr was presented before the County Court for this 
 offence, and was bound over to abstinence. Joshua Grady, 
 Daniel Farley and Henry Chiles were frequent transgressors. 
 In 1812 Martin Thacker was held under bonds in the Circuit 
 Court "to abstain from the infamous practice of gambling.'' 
 In fact a large portion of the cases coming before Judge 
 Stuart during his early occupancy of the bench, were tres- 
 passes of this kind; and no doubt the rigid sternness with 
 which he pursued the delinquents, greatly diminished their 
 number, and the frequency of their misdeeds. 
 
 The Courts were also firmly resolute in keeping in check 
 the impetuous spirits, that became unduly heated in the con- 
 flicts of the bar, or the competitions of daily life. Not to 
 cover great names with reproach, but to show that the most 
 eminent are men of like passions with the mass of mankind, 
 records of this nature may be recalled. Dabney Carr, 
 "'clarum et venerahile noinen," and George Poindexter were 
 placed under bonds to keep the peace in 1801. So were John 
 T. Hawkins and Richard Terrell the next year. In 1828 
 Charles A. Scott was bound over for a breach of the peace 
 against Isaac A. Coles. In 1833 Thomas W. Gilmer and 
 William C. Rives were obliged to give security to live peace- 
 ably with each other, and the sum of one thousand dollars 
 specified in their bonds indicated the sharpness of their con- 
 tention. In this case John Gilmer became surety for the 
 former, Peter Meriwether for the latter, and James Clark for 
 both. Alexander Rives was held under bonds in 1836 with 
 Alexander Moseley, and in 1846 with Willis H. Woodlev. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 111 
 
 In 1841 John S. Moon and Jesse ly. Heiskell were placed 
 under similar restraint; and so strained were the relations 
 between the two, that the same year they were presented for 
 attempting to fight a duel. Many instances happened in the 
 past history of the county, in which these barbarous en- 
 counters proceeded as far as design ; but fortunately through 
 the vigilance of the magistrates, or the opportune interven- 
 tion of the police, they were suffered to proceed no further. 
 Among these was the case of the irrepressible I^ewis T. Wig- 
 fall in 1835, while a student of the University, and subse- 
 quently a member of the United States Senate from Texas. 
 For contempt of Court in 1850, a fine of fifty dollars was 
 imposed on Roger A. Pryor, at that time a practitioner of 
 the Albemarle bar. 
 
 At the October term of the Circuit Court in 1818, a pre- 
 sentment of a different character took place. Andrew Hart 
 Sr., Alexander Blain, William B. Harris, James Hart, An- 
 drew Hart Jr., James Robinson Sr., Jesse Hamner and 
 James Robinson Jr., were summoned to answer to the charge 
 of the unlawful assembling of slaves, and teaching them at the 
 Cove Meeting House, on the Sundays of September twenty - 
 seventh and October fourth. This presentment was based 
 on the information of Henry T. Harris, Isaac Hays Jr. , Wil- 
 liam Suddarth and Samuel W. Martin. James Robinson, 
 Pastor at the Cove, was also presented individually for words 
 spoken in addressing the negroes. He was reported, on the 
 information of Isaac Hays, Jr. alone, as having said, "You 
 have been disappointed in your school, hut do not be dis- 
 heartened. Come and attend to me. I will instruct you, 
 and I have no doubt that in fifteen or twenty years you will 
 be as free as your masters." It is impossible now to obtain 
 an exact knowledge of all the particulars of this case, as all 
 the parties connected with it have long since passed from the 
 I land of the living, and a recollection of the faintest tinge as 
 to the mere fact remains in the minds of their descendants. 
 That there was a technical offence, cannot be gainsaid. Nor 
 is it unlikely that some local excitement was aroused by the 
 occurrence, as the language of Mr. Robinson, if he really 
 
112 HISTORY OF AI,BKMARLE 
 
 Uttered it, was inexcusably indiscreet. It happened too that 
 James Robinson, the son, abused Elijah Brown, who was a 
 Grand Juror in the case, for which he was summarily brought 
 before the Judge and fined one hundred dollars ; though upon 
 his poverty being proved it was reduced to fifty. But it may 
 well be conjectured there were considerations of an extenuating 
 nature. Mr. Robinson was probably in bad health, as he 
 died within the next two years. He was himself a slave- 
 holder. In 1834 two negroes belonging to his estate, were 
 on account of age or disease exempted from taxation. Henry 
 T. Harris was one of his elders, and William Suddarth per- 
 haps one of his members, certainly a member of his congre- 
 gation. No doubt these persons testified simply in obedience 
 to their summons. But the strongest apology was the nature 
 of the work in which the accused were engaged. Instruction 
 from the word of God, even when given against the letter of 
 the law, was an act which not only no Christian, but no re- 
 flecting and right-thinking, mind would condemn. Every 
 enlightened conscience would arise to speak in its behalf. 
 At any rate such observant guardians of the law as Judge 
 Stuart and John Howe Peyton permitted it quietly to drop. 
 The case was continued for two or three terms, and then 
 dismissed. 
 
 Near the latter part of 1822 a brutal murder was committed 
 in the Ragged Mountains, not far from Taylor's Gap. A 
 man named Hudson Sprouse killed Susan Sprouse, a woman 
 nearly related to him by the ties of kindred. He was tried 
 for the crime at the October term of the Circuit Court, 1823, 
 and though defended by Rice Wood, Frank Dyer and V. W. 
 Southall, was convicted of murder in the first degree. In the 
 examination of persons summoned on the venire, as to 
 whether they had formed opinions respecting the guilt of the 
 accused, Abraham Wiant declared that he had formed a sub- 
 stantial opinion on the subject. Judge Stuart directed his 
 enrollment as a juror, when he was peremptorily challenged 
 by the prisoner's counsel. This order of the Judge was made 
 the ground of an appeal, and the Court of Appeals, holding 
 that a substantial opinion was tantamount to a decided opin- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 113 
 
 ion, granted a new trial. The prisoner being arraigned again 
 at the October term 1824, it was found impossible to obtain 
 a jury, the whole community appearing to have adjudged 
 him guilty. The Judge immediately removed the case to 
 Rockingham County, where he was tried on the nineteenth of 
 the same month, and convicted. He was hanged atHarrison- 
 burg on the tenth of the ensuing December, utterly hardened 
 to his fate, and repelling every approach on the part of others, 
 except towards a Mr. Best, who had made kind and ear- 
 nest efforts to prepare him for his end. It ought not to be 
 questioned that the Court above acted, as they were obliged 
 to act, according to the rules of law; but it can be as little 
 questioned, that these are the proceedings that occasion the 
 enforcement of Lynch law. It is difficult to see how, if the 
 I,egislature should make final a certificate of the Judge, that 
 the accused had a fair, impartial trial, and was convicted on 
 sufficient testimony, it would militate against the most scru- 
 pulous dictates of justice, or in any way abridge the rights 
 and safety of mankind. 
 
 Another shock was given the community in 1833 by a 
 murder perpetrated on the person of Peter U. Ware. He was 
 a tinner by trade, and had his shop on Fifth Street below the 
 old Advocate office. He was a quiet, inoffensive man, and 
 had only a year or two before been married to Elizabeth 
 Mayo. In compliance with some call of convenience or busi- 
 ness, he had gone to the Buck Island neighborhood, where 
 he was assailed by two negroes, and killed, as was supposed, 
 for the purpose of robbery. Circumstances of a suspicious 
 kind led to the arrest of Peter, a servant of Isaiah Stout, and 
 Leander, who belonged to Elizabeth Dean, and they were 
 speedily brought to trial. Egbert R. Watson, who had been 
 recently admitted to the bar, was assigned as their counsel , 
 and put forth his maiden advocacy in their defence. They 
 were however condemned, and in the following October exe- 
 cuted on the hill above Schenk's Branch opposite Mudwall, 
 which at that time had become the Gallows Hill of the town. 
 
 The most unhappy event in the history of the University 
 occurred in November 1840. Some of the students had for a 
 
114 HISTORY OF AI, BE MARINE 
 
 time been participating in scenes of disorder, contrary to the 
 regulations of the institution. In attempting to quell the 
 disturbance one night, Prof. John A. G. Davis laid hold of a 
 young man who was present, and who when seized turned 
 upon the Professor and shot him. The wound proved fatal. 
 Joseph G. Semmes, a student from Georgia, was arrested for 
 the deed, and after arraignment before the examining Court 
 was sent on for trial. At the succeeding May term of the 
 Circuit Court, the case for some reason was continued. 
 Efforts were then made to procure the liberation of the pris- 
 oner on bail. Judge I^ucas Thompson, who was then on the 
 bench, positively refused to accede to the motion. Applica- 
 tion was thereupon made to the General Court, and on 
 receiving the testimony of Drs. Carter, Massie and James 
 L. Jones as to the prisoner's ill health, bail was allowed in 
 the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars. Reuben Grigsby 
 and B. F. Porter, of Rockbridge, and William Porter, of 
 Orange, became sureties for his appearance in that amount. 
 When the time for trial arrived, the prisoner failed to appear, 
 and the bail was forfeited. The report was believed, that 
 Semmes fled to Texas, and a few years after died. 
 
 An event happened in 1846, which was the occasion of 
 much regret both in the community and at the University. 
 A menagerie was holding its exhibition on the open space 
 between the lot of Mrs. John Kelly and the Cemetery. One 
 of its features consisted in a showman riding in a car drawn 
 by a lion. The route to be traversed extended through two 
 or three of the cages, the ends of which were opened and con- 
 nected together. A rope was stretched a short distance in 
 front to keep the spectators back, and an address given, 
 exhorting them to the observance of quietness and silence 
 during the performance. Just as it began, a student named 
 John A. Glover, from Alabama, who was leaning against the 
 rope, threw a lighted cigar at the animal between the bars of 
 the cage. The performer, enraged by the reckless act, leaped 
 from the cage, and seizing a tent pin struck Glover on the 
 head, and felled him to the ground. Glover was taken up 
 unconscious, and borne to the Parish House, where a day or 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 115 
 
 two after he died. His remains were interred in the Univer- 
 sity Cemetery, where a monument, erected by his fellow 
 students, still commemorates his untimely end. The man 
 who gave the blow, during the confusion that ensued, made 
 his escape. George Nutter, a proprietor of the show, was 
 arrested for murder, and sent on by the examining magis- 
 trates. He was tried at the May term of the Circuit Court, 
 and defended by Judges Watson and Rives; but the evi- 
 dence produced failing to connect him with the fact, he was 
 acquitted . 
 
 In March 1853 John S. Mosby, whose family at the time 
 were residents of the county, shot George W. Turpin, the 
 son of a tavern keeper in Charlottesville, in the course of an 
 altercation; but his adversary, though severely iniured, 
 fortunately recovered. For the offence Mosby was prose- 
 cuted. At that period Judge W. J. Robertson was Attorney 
 for the Commonwealth, and Watson and Rives defended the 
 accused. Mosby was convicted and sentenced to pay a fine 
 of five hundred dollars, and to suffer imprisonment in the 
 county jail for twelve months. During the term of his con- 
 finement his counsel loaned him the necessary books, and he 
 improved his enforced leisure by devoting himself to the 
 study of law. Two years later he was admitted a member of 
 the Albemarle bar. Shortly after he removed to Abingdon, 
 where he was practising his profession when the civil war 
 broke out, in which he was destined to achieve such brilliant 
 renown. 
 
 The old Ivouisa Railroad, afterwards the Virginia Central, 
 and now the Chesapeake and Ohio, was extended to Char- 
 lottesville in 1848. The line was continued westward and 
 reached Staunton in 1854. For some years while the tunnel 
 through the Blue Ridge was in progress, trains were moved 
 over the summit of the mountain on tracks laid in a zigzag 
 manner, one of the most remarkable feats of civil engineer- 
 ing ever accomplished. It was performed by Colonel Claude 
 Crozet, formerly a professor in the Military Academy at 
 West Point, and the distinguished engineer of the road. 
 During the process of construction west of Mechum's River, 
 
116 HISTOJRY OF AtBEMARLE 
 
 the Colonel was presented by the Grand Jury for obstructing 
 the Mountain Plains Road ; but no doubt because the incon- 
 venience was temporary, and the benefit immeasurable and 
 permanent, it was judged best not to push the matter to 
 extremity. 
 
 The Orange and Alexandria Railroad, then the Washing- 
 ton City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern, later the 
 Richmond and Danville, and now the Southern, was opened 
 between Charlottesville and Ivvnchburg during the war, in 
 1863. The link between Charlottesville and Orange C. H. 
 became a line of travel in 1881. Before that time its trains 
 were run over the Chesapeake and Ohio track between Gor- 
 donsviUe and Charlottesville. By the intersection of these 
 roads, Charlottesville is made a prominent railroad centre, 
 with arms radiating to all the cardinal points of the compass. 
 
 For some time previous to the civil war, symptoms of 
 uneasiness were apparent in the community. A man named 
 Rood was tried in 1859 on the charge of conspiring against 
 the Southern people, and endangering the safety and per- 
 petuity of the Union. He was acquitted. Rumors that the 
 negroes were plotting to rebel were circulated in various sec- 
 tions of the county. Chapman, a servant of Mrs. Frances 
 Estes, was apprehended, but no serious charge against him 
 was substantiated. Patrolling parties were sent out more 
 frequently, and were more vigilant in observing the state of 
 things in every neighborhood. A person so sedate as Miss 
 Rebecca I,eitch was fined and bound over, for permitting her 
 servant John to hire himself out according to his own pleas- 
 ure. Owing to vague anticipations of evil, free negroes in 
 some instances voluntarily subjected themselves to slavery, 
 and made choice of masters. In this manner John Martin 
 placed himself under the sheltering wing of J. E. Huckstep, 
 Sachel Grayson of John Wood Jr., and Anderson Hutton of 
 B. F. Abell. But notwithstanding all these disquieting 
 tokens, a benignant Providence maintained peace between 
 the people and their servants. In Albemarle, as generally 
 throughout the South, the kindly relations between the races 
 were manifested by the absence of any insubordination dur- 
 ing all the trying circumstances that arose. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMA.RLK 117 
 
 Because of the demoralizing influences of the war, much 
 more trouble was experienced from a certain class of white 
 people. Numbers deserted from the array, and to evade the 
 officers seeking their arrest, took refuge in the hollows and 
 secluded places of the Blue Ridge. Sallying forth from time 
 to time from their secret haunts for purposes of plunder, they 
 became a terror to the neighboring districts. It is said that 
 more than once the people were constrained to form them - 
 selves into vigilance committees, to pursue these marauders 
 into the mountains, and to make them the objects of their 
 quiet but determined vengeance. During the last years in 
 which hostilities continued, and those immediately succeed- 
 ing, the courts were busy with prosecuting transgressors of 
 this description. Indictments for larceny, assaults, obtaining 
 property on false pretences and horse-stealing, were frequent, 
 and indicated the vicious and depraved spirit which was 
 rife. 
 
 As soon as the tocsin of war sounded, steps were at once 
 taken to raise money and arm men for the conflict. At a 
 special meeting of the County Court, it was proposed to 
 authorize a levy of fifty thousand dollars for the purchase 
 of arms. The Nineteenth Virginia was mainly formed of 
 men enlisted within the bounds of the county. A large por- 
 tion of the Second Virginia Cavalry consisted of Albemarle 
 men. Many were scattered in other divisions of the army, 
 especially the Forty-Sixth Virginia, of which R. T. W. Duke 
 became Colonel. The older men were disposed into com- 
 panies of Home Guards. The county authorities displayed 
 their zeal in such important measures as procuring supplies 
 of salt, and preventing the spread of smallpox and other 
 contagious diseases. They answered the call of the general 
 government in sending the servants of the county to perform 
 work on the defences of Richmond. Three drafts for this 
 purpose were made in 1862 and 1863, the first for five hun- 
 dred and forty laborers, the second for two hundred, and the 
 third for one hundred and ninety. In connection with the 
 last draft, W. T. Barly drew on himself the animadversion 
 of the Court. He refused to comply with the order. He 
 
118 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 was consequently fined ten dollars for contempt, and one 
 hundred and eighty for failing to furnish a servant according 
 to the allotment made, for sixty days at three dollars a day. 
 Both fines were immediately paid in open court ; and those 
 who remember the Captain, can readily imagine the odd 
 mixture of scorn and good humor with which the sentence 
 must have been discharged. 
 
 Early in the war Charlottesville was designated as the seat 
 of a large military Hospital. Two spacious frame buildings 
 were erected just south of the present Junction, and furnished 
 with cots and other appliances for ministering to the sick and 
 wounded. Great numbers of these afflicted classes were con- 
 veyed thither for treatment throughout the war. The medi- 
 cal professors of the University devoted their time and skill 
 to this benevolent work, and the ladies of the town and 
 surrounding country exhibited a laudable interest in provid- 
 ing supplies of necessaries and delicacies, and many of them 
 in exercising the soothing and efficient care of the nurse. 
 
 As an illustration of the manner in which the South suf- 
 fered loss from their deranged currency, some of the public 
 payments may be mentioned. In early times the ordinary 
 daily allowance made to the county jailor for maintaining a 
 prisoner in his custody, was twenty cents. As the war pro- 
 gressed, it rose to eighty cents, then to a dollar, in June 
 1863 to a dollar and a quarter, in December 1863 to two and 
 a half, in May 1864 to three and a half, and in August 1864 
 to four dollars. The ordinary amount for which the Sheriff 
 gave his bond for the faithful performance of his duty was 
 sixty thousand dollars. During the war the amount required 
 rose to two hundred and twelve thousand, and in September 
 1864, 1,. S. Macon was directed to increase his bond to five 
 hundred thousand. 
 
 At the close of the war no courts were held from May till 
 August 1865. The county was then under military govern- 
 ment. The State of Virginia had been transformed into Mil- 
 itary District No. One, and General John M. Schofield was the 
 first military ruler. An officer of the United States army 
 was stationed in Charlottesville, with the style of Military 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 119 
 
 Commissioner of Albemarle County, and through him the 
 orders of the commander at Richmond were carried out. For 
 the most part these military rulers were fair and broad-minded 
 men. Captain William Ivinn Tidball first occupied this 
 office in Albemarle. He was ordered to Mississippi in July 
 1867, and was suceeded by Ivieutenant A. F. Higgs, Sixteenth 
 United States Infantry. I^ieutenant Higgs was subsequently 
 ordered to Georgia, and was followed by lyieutenant Town. 
 The people generally acknowledged that they had reason to 
 congratulate themselves, that posts justly esteemed odious 
 and repulsive, were filled by men who evidently tried to dis- 
 charge their duties in the least odious and repulsive way. 
 
 By the force and sharp practice of Federal authority, 
 Francis Pierpoint, of Marion County, was at the time Gov- 
 ernor of the State, though his tenure of the office was merely 
 nominal. All real government proceeded from Head- 
 quarters. An order from this source permitted an election 
 to be held for county officers under William W. Gilmer as 
 Commissioner of Elections, and in August 1865 he swore in 
 the magistrates chosen, mainly those who had occupied the 
 office before. Egbert R. Watson was appointed Judge of the 
 Circuit Court, but because of his connection as counsel with 
 numerous cases on the docket. Judge Sheffey, of Staunton, 
 frequently sat on the bench in the way of exchange. 
 
 Affairs moved on with tolerable smoothness until the early 
 part of 1869. In the meantime the Underwood Convention 
 was held in Richmond, in the Hall of the House of Delegates, 
 sitting from December 1867 till April 1868. The representa- 
 tive in this body for the District composed of l/ouisa, Albe- 
 marle and Augusta, was James C. Southall, and those for 
 the county of Albemarle, James T. S. Taylor, colored, and 
 Clifton Iv. Thompson. This Convention was largely made 
 up of members holding the most extreme radical views. 
 More than twenty were ignorant negroes. The constitution 
 they formed not only disfranchised all who had ever served 
 in any civil or military capacity, even down to the most un- 
 important county position, but it prescribed the iron clad 
 test oath to be taken by every one before he could enter upon 
 
120 HISTORY OF AI^BKMARLE 
 
 any oflBce. This was virtually turning over the whole State 
 government in all its ramifications to negroes, or to unscrup- 
 ulous white men, who thronged into the State in great num- 
 bers from every section of the country, to profit by this 
 wholesale disqualification of the native population. By the 
 direction of the Convention, a vote was to be taken on the 
 adoption of the Constitution in the ensuing July, at which 
 time State officers and members of the Legislature were also 
 to be elected. 
 
 Both parties immediately bestirred themselves. A Radical 
 Convention assembled in Richmond on May sixth, and nomi- 
 nated Henry H. Wells, for Governor, James H. Clements, of 
 Portsmouth, for Lieutenant Governor, and George W. Booker, 
 of Henry County, for Attorney General. A Conservative Con- 
 vention met at the same place the next day, and nominated 
 Robert E. Withers for Governor, James A. Walker, for Lieuten- 
 ant Governor, and John L. Marye, for Attorney General. Dur- 
 ing the same month the Radicals made nominations for the 
 county. C. L- Thompson was to be State Senator, and J. T. 
 S. Taylor, Franklin Nelson — both negroes — and John B. 
 Spiece were to be members of the House of Delegates. The 
 Conservatives proceeded so far as to nominate Dr. Robert S. 
 Beazley, of Greene, who had been a member of the Convention, 
 for the State Senate. Their greatest efforts however were put 
 forth to have the Constitution voted down. Fortunately the 
 higher authorities intervened. General Schofield, who had 
 paid a formal visit to the Convention, and strongly advised 
 against their policy of disfranchisement, ordered the election 
 for July both as to the Constitution and State officers, to be 
 indefinitely postponed. This afforded opportunity for the 
 initiation of other measures. General Grant was elected presi- 
 dent in November 1868. On the last day of that year, at the 
 suggestion chiefly of Alexander H. H. Stuart and John B. 
 Baldwin, of Staunton, a Convention assembled in Richmond 
 to devise some plan of obviating the difficulties of the situ- 
 ation. As a result of their deliberations, a Committee of 
 nine persons was selected to confer with the authorities in 
 Washington. This Committee consisted of Mr. Stuart, Mr. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 121 
 
 Baldwin, John L,. Marye, Wyndham Robertson, William T. 
 Sutherlin, William ly. Owen, James F. Johnson, James Nee- 
 son and J. F. Slaughter. They were successful in gaining 
 the ear and good will of General Grant. It was arranged 
 that the provisions of the Constitution, especially that of 
 negro suffrage, should stand, but that a few of its clauses, 
 embracing particularly the sweeping disfranchising section 
 and the iron clad test oath, should be submitted to a separate 
 vote. 
 
 While matters were thus working for better days, present 
 troubles seemed to be growing thicker and darker. In July 
 1868 General Schofield was appointed by President Johnson 
 Secretary of War, and gave place to General George Stone- 
 man as Commander of District No. One. Governor Pierpoint's 
 term had expired, and by an order from Headquarters, H. H. 
 Wells was appointed Governor of Virginia. January twenty- 
 third 1869 the crushing blow fell. On that day Congress, 
 maddened by the idea that any of the people of Virginia 
 should presume to oppose the radical Constitution, passed an 
 act that swept out of ofiS.ce all incumbents, who could not take 
 the iron clad oath , and allowed none to be appointed but those 
 who could. Accordingly on March twenty-sixth came an 
 order from Richmond, ejecting the Clerk, Commonwealth's 
 Attorney, Commissioners of the Revenue, and all the magis- 
 trates. As the term of 1^. S. Macon as Sheriff had ended, a 
 new Sheriff, J. C. Childress had already been appointed. By 
 military authority, W. J. Points was made Clerk, George F. 
 Jones and Angus A. McDonald Commissioners of the Reve- 
 nue, the former for Fredericksville parish, the latter for St. 
 Anne's, William F. Worthington, Commonwealth's Attorney, 
 and the following persons magistrates, Henry N. Harrison, 
 William G. Merrick, John Thornley, Thomas Garland, John 
 W. Porter, William H. Hotopp, Fdward S. Johnson, John 
 W. Williams, Charles Goodyear and Charles A. Goodyear. 
 About the same time Wells was removed as Governor, and 
 the entire power of directing affairs, nominal as well as real, 
 rested in General Stoneman. 
 
 How completely at this period the laws were silent, and the 
 
122 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 force of arms had absolute sway, may be seen in the records 
 of the County Court. Indictments were forwarded to Head- 
 quarters for the inspection of the General commanding, and 
 orders were returned from the General commanding, directing 
 them to be quashed. In other cases when grand juries found 
 indictments for such crimes as robbery, and they were brought 
 to the notice of the Court, one of the justices stated to his 
 brethren that there was no ground for them, and his mere 
 word was enough for the Commonwealth's Attorney to ignore, 
 and the Court to dismiss them. 
 
 But the better daj'S were coming. In May of this year, 
 1869, the third Commander, General Edward Canby, was 
 sent to occupy Headquarters. By his order the election was 
 held in July. The new Constitution was adopted, but all the 
 clauses on which a separate vote was taken were rejected. 
 Gilbert C. Walker, a New Yorker, was elected Governor, 
 John P. I<ewis, I^ieutenant Governor, and James C. Taylor, 
 Attorney General. The State and county were rescued from 
 negro control. Things gradually returned into their proper 
 channels. Henry Shackelford became Judge of the Circuit 
 Court, and the year following John L,. Cochran, Judge of the 
 the County Court, the new Constitution dispensing with the 
 service of the magistrates in this respect, and requiring the 
 office to be filled by a man learned in the law. Ira Garrett 
 was appointed to his old office of Clerk, and James S. Barks- 
 dale was made temporary Sheriff. At that time Virginia, 
 and the County of Albemarle, were relieved from military 
 rule, and all functions of government have since been dis- 
 charged according to the usual provisions of law. 
 
 During the era of general confusi on consequent upon the war, 
 a foul murder was committed on the west side of the South 
 West Mountain, not far from Stony Point. John H. Salmon, 
 instigated by the desire of becoming sole owner of a small 
 farm which had descended from his father, killed his mother 
 and brother, the other joint tenants. The evidence was 
 wholly circumstantial, but such as left no doubt of the guilt 
 of the accused. He was brought to trial in the County Court 
 in July 1870, and after a hearing protracted through a large 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 123 
 
 portion of the month, was convicted and sentenced to be 
 hanged in the ensuing November. Meanwhile his counsel 
 appealed the case to the Circuit Court on some points excepted 
 to in the trial, with the result that a new trial was awarded. 
 The prosecution was accordingly continued in the County 
 Court the following May. A venire was summoned from 
 I^ynchburg, a jury was empanelled, and the trial was abotlt 
 to begin, when the prisoner's counsel moved for his discharge 
 on the ground that the number of the terms of Court pre- 
 scribed by the statutes had been suffered to pass since his 
 indictment without a trial. The jury was discharged, and 
 argument on the motion heard. It turned out that in the pre- 
 vailing derangement of afiairs, and because of several inter- 
 ferences of the General commanding at Richmond, the ground 
 alleged was true. The Court took the matter under advise- 
 ment, and finally discharged the prisoner. So intense was 
 the feeling of indignation awakened throughout the com- 
 munity by his crime, that the man at once fled, and according 
 to report made his way to Texas. 
 
124 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 EPISCOPAL. 
 
 By the old law of Virginia, the Anglican, or Episcopal, 
 was recognized as the Church of the State. The territory of 
 the State was divided into parishes for ecclesiastical govern- 
 ment, just as it was divided into counties for civil govern- 
 ment. The officers of the parishes were styled vestrymen, 
 twelve honest and discreet men for each, originally elected 
 by the freeholders of the parish, and vacancies afterwards 
 occurring to be filled by themselves. They had charge of 
 the erection and preservation of the church buildings, the 
 choosing of the rectors, and the care of the poor. The two 
 parishes which Albemarle contained were Fredericksville in 
 the north, and St. Anne's in the south. The dividing line 
 between them was the Three Notched Road, entering the 
 present limits of the county near Boyd's Tavern, and running 
 to Woods's Gap. Before the formation of the county, the 
 scattered inhabitants of the southern part, being still in 
 Goochland and the parish of St. James Northam, were the 
 objects of Ihe spiritual care of Rev. Anthony Gavin. He 
 was the rector of that parish from about 1736 until his death 
 in 1749. From the description of him given by Bishop 
 Meade, and a letter of his quoted by him, he was evidently 
 a man of devoted industry and zeal. Though his residence 
 was in the neighborhood of Dover Mills, and the present 
 bounds of Goochland afford a large field of labor and travel, 
 yet he made frequent visits to the people living "up in the 
 mountains." In these remote parts he had seven places of 
 service, and in his journeys within the space of two years had 
 forded the North and South Rivers, that is, the Rivanna and 
 the James, nineteen times. 
 
 In St. Anne's parish two churches were built in early 
 times, the Church on Ballenger's Creek and the Forge 
 Church. The former is still standing, and has been altered 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 125 
 
 and occupied as a private residence. It is situated near the 
 creek, between the road from Warren to Howardsville, and 
 that passing through Porter's Precinct. The Forge Church 
 stood on the north side of the Hardware River, about a mile 
 or two below Carter's Bridge. From an act of the Legisla- 
 ture passed in 1777, directing the Sheriff to summon the 
 freeholders of the parish to meet "at the new church on 
 Hardware," to elect a new vestry, it is inferred that it was 
 built but a short time before. Bishop Meade describes a 
 service held in it with Bishop Moore, not long after the lat- 
 ter came to Virginia, which must have been about 1814; and 
 the account he gives of its dismantled condition, and the 
 open crevices through which wind and rain were wont to 
 drive, touches the heart with its pathos. At a meeting of 
 the Convention in Charlottesville in 1822, they adjourned to 
 meet at the Forge Church on Friday, and at Walker's on 
 •Saturday. The Forge Church was still standing a few years 
 ago, but reduced to ignoble uses. Converted into a barn, 
 and filled with the fodder, in some way it caught fire, and 
 burned to the ground. The glebe of St. Anne's was bought 
 from William Harris in 1751 by Samuel Jordan and Patrick 
 Napier, Church Wardens of the parish. It consisted of four 
 hundred acres, and was located on the south fork of Totier 
 Creek, where it is crossed by the road from Scottsville to 
 Howardsville. After the glebes were declared public prop- 
 erty, it was sold in 1779 by Thomas Napier, George Thomp- 
 son and John Harris as Commissioners, to Joseph Cabell. 
 He gave it to his daughter Mrs. Breckinridge, and it was the 
 residence of her husband till his removal to Kentucky in 
 1793. The proceeds of the place, as well as of all the glebes 
 of the county, were eventually applied to the erection of the 
 University buildings. 
 
 The first rector of St. Anne's was Rev. Robert Rose. His 
 residence was in what became Amherst County, not far 
 from New Glasgow, but he occasionally preached in the 
 churches in Albemarle. He was succeeded by Rev. William 
 Camp, who in a short time went west, and was killed by the 
 Indians near Vincennes. He was followed by Rev. John 
 
126 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Ramsay, who in 1759 purchased from Jacob Eades three 
 hundred acres of land on the south fork of Totier. It is 
 judged from his will, which is on record, that he died in 
 1770. He left his whole estate to his wife Barbara, who the 
 same year sold the land on Totier to Abraham Bades, Jr., and 
 bought more than four hundred acres on Hardware, adjoin- 
 ing the lands of the Carters and Hudsons. This land is 
 described as being near Scratchface Mountain, which it is 
 impossible now certainly to identify. Mrs. Ramsay subse- 
 quently sold to John Wilkinson for the Iron Company, was 
 married to Thomas Richards, and removed to Bedford 
 County. Rev. Charles Clay, a cousin of Henry Clay, was 
 the next incumbent. He was an earnest minister, preaching 
 not only in the churches, but also in private houses and at 
 the Prison Barracks. He unhappily became involved in 
 lawsuits both with his vestry and with individuals, and this 
 occasioned his removal about 1784. He finally settled in 
 Bedford County, where he died, and by the directions of his 
 will an immense heap of stones, twenty feet in diameter and 
 twelve feet high, was piled up upon his grave. Rev. Isaac 
 Darneille succeeded Mr. Clay. He seems to have lived in 
 Nelson. Incurring heavy debts, he became a lawyer, and 
 finally escaping his liabilities as well as forsaking his family, 
 he went South. 
 
 Fredericksville parish at first occupied Louisa County; 
 but when in 1761 the western portion of Louisa was annexed 
 to Albemarle, the parish was divided by the county lines, the 
 part remaining in Louisa receiving the name of Trinity. 
 Two churches were erected in this parish, one on either side 
 of the South West Mountain. That on the east side was 
 first called Belvoir Church, then in common speech Walker's, 
 but is now known as Grace. When it was first built does 
 not appear. It already existed in 1769, as in that year John 
 Walker conveyed to Thomas Walker, Mosias Jones, Isaac 
 Davis, William Barksdale, Thomas Carr, Nicholas Lewis, 
 Nicholas Meriwether, John Rodes, Mordecai Hord, Thomas 
 Jefferson and William Simms, Church Wardens and Vestry- 
 men of Fredericksville parish, two acres "whereon the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 127 
 
 Belvoir Church is situated." The church on the west side of 
 the mountain was the Buck Mountain Church. It originally 
 stood on the Buck Mountain Road, west of Earlysville. 
 The date of its construction is unknown. Bishop Meade 
 mentions that in 1745 it was determined to build three 
 churches in the parish, the third to be erected on the Buck 
 Mountain Road between the mountains. Its first mention 
 in the records occurs in 1797, when Lucy Mills, Executrix of 
 David Mills, conveyed to David Michie thirty-three acres, 
 "whereon the Buck Mountain Church was built." The 
 edifice, having fallen into disuse, was occupied by the 
 Baptists in 1801. They held services in it till 1833, when 
 the Episcopalians, being increased in numbers, asserted their 
 right, and resumed possession. In subsequent years the 
 church was rebuilt in Earlysville. 
 
 Rev. James Maury became the rector of Fredericksville 
 parish in 1754, and continued until his death in 1768. He 
 was succeeded by his son Rev. Matthew Maury, who 
 served until his death in 1808. Neither of these ministers oc- 
 cupied the glebe, choosing rather to reside on their own farms. 
 This glebe on the side east of the mountain, consisting of four 
 hundred acres, was sold in 1809 to Nathaniel Ragland by 
 Edward Garland, Stephen Moore and others, who at the time 
 were acting as Overseers of the Poor. There was also a 
 glebe on the west side of the mountain, which was situated 
 between the Burnt Mills and Earlysville, and which was 
 sold in 1780 by Thomas Johnson and William Simms, 
 Church Wardens, to Epaphroditus Rhodes. 
 
 For many years after the death of Rev. Matthew Maury, 
 there was no Episcopal preaching in the county except occa- 
 sionally by ministers, who in passing held services in the 
 courthouse in Charlottesville. In 1818 Rev. John P. Baus- 
 man was settled in the neighborhood for a short time. He 
 was followed by Rev. Frederick W. Hatch in 1820, who 
 lived in Charlottesville till 1830. He was an active and ear- 
 nest, minister, and a zealous mason. During his incumbency 
 the Episcopal Church in town was built. The memory of 
 the older inhabitants differs in regard to the manner of its 
 
128 HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLE 
 
 erection, some affirming that it was built solely as an Epis- 
 copal Church, and others as a Union Church. The truth 
 seems to be that the affair began as a union effort, but that 
 the house was at last erected as an Episcopal place of worship. 
 Bishop Meade states, that while the project of a union church 
 was agitated, it was opposed by Mr. Hatch. An advertise- 
 ment appeared in the Central Gazette on January twenty - 
 third, 1824, proposing to purchase a lot for the building of a 
 church, and it was discontinued on April sixteenth. On 
 March nineteenth another appeared, inquiring for a lot for 
 an Episcopal Church. Doubtless the change of plan took 
 place in the interval between January and March. The 
 building was commenced that year. As already stated, a 
 letter dated in March of the ensuing year mentions that the 
 town contained "a half finished church." After the removal 
 of Mr. Hatch, and a short period of service by Rev. Zach- 
 ariah Mead, Rev. Richard K.. Meade, son of the Bishop, 
 became rector, and the termination of his long pastorate is a 
 somewhat recent event. 
 
 Mr. Hatch, in addition to his busy ministerial labors, 
 preaching frequently at Buck Mountain and Walker's as well 
 as in town, was a school teacher. He erected as his residence 
 the brick house on the northeast corner of Market and Sev- 
 enth Streets, and taught in the one story brick near the east 
 end of Main, now occupied by William Durrett. A ludicrous 
 incident is told of him in connection with his celebrating the 
 rites of matrimony. In performing this useful work, he often 
 rode miles in the country in every direction. On one occasion 
 he was called to unite, a couple in the Ragged Mountains. 
 When the ceremony was finished, the groom announced with 
 some confusion that he was unable to remunerate him for his 
 trouble. Mr. Hatch, observing a long string of gourds fes- 
 tooned on the wall of the room, proposed accepting a number 
 of them. The young man was overjoyed at discharging his 
 obligation so easily. He cut off a goodly array, and to relieve 
 the parson from the inconvenience of carrying them, tied 
 them around his horse's neck. Thus accoutred, he started 
 on his return. As he approached the top of Vinegar Hill, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 129 
 
 the horse took fright at something by the wayside, and set 
 off at full speed. The clash and rattle of the gourds increased 
 his panic, and made him dart ahead at a still wilder rate. 
 Down the hill he dashed, with his rider thrown forwards, and 
 clinging around his neck with both hands, the gourds all the 
 while keeping up their discordant clatter. The mad race 
 continued through the whole length of the street, before the 
 gaze of the astonished townsmen; nor was the rider released 
 from his perilous position, until the panting steed drew up 
 at the stable door. While Mr. Hatch was a resident of 
 Charlottesville, a son was born to him, who received his 
 own name, became a distinguished physician, and died a few 
 years ago in Sacramento, California. 
 
 Besides the meeting of the Convention in 1822, it met 
 again in Charlottesville in 1829, and during its sessions Rev. 
 William Meade was elected Bishop of the Diocese of Virginia. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 Presbyterians were settled in the county while it was yet a 
 part of Goochland. The colony of Scotch Irish who came 
 over the Blue Ridge in 1734 under the auspices of Michael 
 Woods, brought with them the faith of their fathers. Among 
 these were the families of Wallace, Kinkead, Stockton, 
 McCord and Jameson. Further to the south along the base 
 of the Ridge were the Morrisons, McCues, Montgomerys, 
 Reids and Robertsons. These last were the founders of 
 Rockfish Church, located in the forks of Rockfish River. 
 About 1746 James McCann, who had patented the land in 
 1745, conveyed to John Reid, James Robertson and Samuel 
 Bell one acre and thirty-five poles, tor the Rockfish Church, 
 and for a school for the inhabitants of that vicinity. 
 
 Among the families first mentioned two churches were 
 established. The first was Mountain Plains, which was 
 built near the confluence of I/ickinghole Creek and Mechum's 
 River, and called after Michael Woods's plantation, and 
 which still exists as a Baptist Church. The second was the 
 D. S. Church, which was situated on the southwest face of 
 —9 
 
130 HISTORY OF ALBKMARIvE, 
 
 the hill, on the summit of which S. W. Caulbeck recently 
 resided. These communities, and others in Virginia and 
 North Carolina, received the visits of several Presbyterian 
 ministers in early times, beginning with that of Rev. James 
 Anderson in 1738. In 1745 John Woods was sent to the 
 Presbytery of Donegal in Pennsylvania, to prosecute a call 
 for the services of Rev. John Hindman in the churches of 
 Mountain Plains and Rockfish, but his errand seems to have 
 been unsuccessful. Mr. Hindman was no doubt the same 
 man who became an Episcopalian, and was the first rector of 
 Augusta parish, dying there a year or two after entering 
 upon the oflSce. A call is still extant, dated March 1747, and 
 signed by fifty-seven persons, which solicited the labors of 
 Rev. Samuel Black in the church of Mountain Plains, and 
 among the inhabitants of Ivy Creek. The place of worship 
 for the people last mentioned was the D. S. Church, which 
 was probably erected shortly after, as Mr. Black accepted the 
 call. He was the first Presbyterian preacher who settled in 
 the county. In 1751 he purchased from Richard Stockton 
 four hundred acres on both sides of Stockton's Creek, and 
 there he resided until his death in 1770. Descendants bear- 
 ing his name still live on a part of the old place. 
 
 About the time of Mr. Black's settlement in Albemarle, 
 Rev. Samuel Davies commenced his work in Hanover County. 
 He had at first no little trouble with the State authorities, 
 whose intervention was invoked by some bigoted ministers 
 of the establishment under the old repressive laws against 
 non-conformity. He however boldly and skilfully appealed 
 to the provisions of the English Act of Toleration, which he 
 claimed applied to the colonies no less than to the mother 
 country, and was soon able to pursue his labors without 
 molestation. He gathered several congregations, reaching 
 from Hanover through Louisa and Goochland to Charlotte 
 County. In 1755 the Presbytery of Hanover was formed. 
 At their first meeting, they received a petition from the peo- 
 ple of Albemarle near Woods's Gap, asking for preaching, 
 and Mr. Davies himself being appointed spent with them the 
 second Sunday of March 1756. Prom that time through a 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 131 
 
 number of years, tbey had, besides the services of Mr. Black, 
 those of Mr. Davies, John Todd, John Brown, John Martin, 
 Henry Patillo and others. These ministers occasionally 
 preached to the people on Buck Island at Mr. I^ewis's — un- 
 questionably at Monteagle — to those living between the 
 Secretary's Ford and the mountains — no doubt in the Char- 
 lottesville courthouse, and at D. S. Church — to those at 
 North Garden at Mr. Garland's, and to those at the Cove at 
 George Douglas's. 
 
 As years passed on, ministers born and educated in Vir- 
 ginia were settled in the county. In 1769 Rev. William 
 Irvin, who had been a pupil at Mr. Todd's school in Louisa, 
 became pastor of the Cove Church. In 1770 Rev. Samuel 
 Leake accepted a call to the D. S. Church. The next year 
 Mr. Irvin extended his labors to Rockfish and Mountain 
 Plains. 
 
 The Presbytery of Hanover convened with considerable 
 frequency in the churches of the county. It met at Rockfish 
 in.l772, 1773 and 1775, at the Cove in 1793, 1794, 1799,1800, 
 and 1803, and at the D. S. in 1771, 1772, 1775 and 1792. 
 The last time it met at D. S. was in October 1809, holding 
 night sessions at the house of John R. Kerr. At that meet- 
 ing Rev. Thomas Lumpkin, a young minister, who had taught 
 school for a short time in the neighborhood, was to have 
 been ordained, and installed as pastor, but unhappily he had 
 died the preceding month. The membership of this church 
 was so much reduced by deaths and removals, that two years 
 later its organization was dissolved. The ground on which 
 it stood, and which had been conveyed to the congregation 
 in 1773 by Joel Terrell, passed into the hands of Jesse 
 Lewis, who within the memory of some now living re- 
 moved the old building. Two meetings of the Presbytery 
 were held in Walker's Church. The first occurred in 1814, 
 when they convened at night at the house of Captain Meri- 
 wether. At that time it received under its care John Robert- 
 son, the father of Judge W. J. Robertson, as a candidate for 
 the ministry. The second meeting took place iii 1819, and 
 night sessions were held at the house of John Rogers. It 
 
132 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 met at Mountain Plains in 1778, and for the last time in 
 October 1828, when they held night sessions at the house of 
 the elder William Woods, of Beaver Creek. 
 
 South Plains Church was established in 1820, as the result 
 of the labors of Rev. William Armstrong, and Rev. James 
 C. Wilson. John Kelly, of Charlottesville, was one of its 
 first elders. A branch of the same church worshipped on the 
 west side of the South West Mountain at Bethel. It was 
 not until 1870, that Bethel was set apart as a separate organ- 
 ization. Rev. Francis Bowman began preaching at South 
 Plains in 1822, preaching occasionally also at the court- 
 house. Under his ministry the first Presbyterian house of 
 worship in Charlottesville was built in 1827. In that year 
 the lot on which it stood, on the southeast corner of Market 
 and Second Streets, was conveyed by James Dinsmore to 
 John Kelly, James O. Carr, Francis Bowman, Thornton 
 Rogers, William Woods, Surveyor, Thomas Meriwether and 
 Dr. John Holt Rice, as trustees of the new congregation. It 
 was not constituted a distinct organization until 1839, when 
 it was under the ministry of Dr. William S. White. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Scottsville was founded in 
 1827, chiefly through the agency of Rev. Peyton Harrison. 
 He had settled there as a young lawyer in 1825. Having 
 been converted by the preaching of Rev. Asahel Nettleton, 
 he became actively interested in religious work, and rested 
 not till a church was formed. Shortly after he relinquished 
 the law, and studied for the ministry. When he became a 
 preacher, he returned to Scottsville, and was settled as pastor 
 over the church for a brief period. Dr. William S. White 
 succeeded him, and continued his labors there until he re- 
 moved to Charlottesville. 
 
 BAPTIST. 
 
 The first Baptist Church in the county was organized in 
 January 1773. This event took place in I^ewis's Meeting 
 House, which stood on old David Ivewis's place, on the ele- 
 vated ground south of the Staunton Road, about where the 
 house of Mrs. Humbert now stands. The church commenced 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 133 
 
 with a membership of forty-eight persons. George Twy- 
 man, who lived just south of Earlysville, was one of its origi- 
 nal members, and at a meeting held two months later presided 
 as Moderator. The influence of the Presbyterian polity, 
 under which doubtless many of the members had grown 
 up, was apparent in their earliest proceedings. The original 
 organization was effected by two ministers and an elder, and 
 at a subequent meeting it was determined that "the feeling 
 of the church concerning elders and deacons should be made 
 known." It was several years without a pastor, but was 
 occasionally supplied by such ministers as John Waller, 
 and Elijah and L,ewis Craig. This church was variously 
 called by the names of Albemarle, Buck Mountain and Ches- 
 nut Grove. In 1801 they took possession of the old Buck 
 Mountain Church of the Establishment, which had been 
 disused by the Episicopalians. When that place of worship 
 was claimed by its former owners, they removed to the union 
 church in Earlysville in 1833, and in 1879 erected their pres- 
 ent building about a mile west of that place. 
 
 Andrew Tribble was chosen their pastor in 1777, and was 
 ordained by I^ewis Craig and others. How long Mr. Tribble 
 continued in that relation is not known. He purchased a 
 farm of one hundred and seventy -five acres a short distance 
 below the D. S. Tavern, which he sold in 1785, and it is 
 likely he performed his pastoral duties until that time. Wil- 
 liam Woods, distinguished as Baptist Billy, was ordained at 
 I^ewis's Meeting House by Messrs. Tribble and Benjamin 
 Burgher in 1780, and became the pastor when the work of 
 Mr. Tribble ceased. In 1798 Mr. Woods became a candidate 
 for the I/egislature ; and as the law of Virginia at that time 
 prohibited a minister from holding a civil office, he relin- 
 quished his ministerial calling at Garrison's Meeting House 
 in November of that year. 
 
 When the church was first formed, it was in the bounds of 
 Dover Association, which then embraced the whole State. 
 In 1791 the Albemarle Association was constituted, including 
 the territory south of the Rapidan, and west of a line run- 
 ning from Barnett's Ford on the Rappahannock to the mouth 
 
134 HISTORY OF ALBEMARtE 
 
 of Byrd Creek on the James. Up to this time eight other 
 churches had been founded, four of which lay within the 
 present limits of the county, Totier in 1775, Ballenger's 
 Creek probably about the same time, Priddy's Creek in 1784, 
 and Whitesides, now Mount Bd, in 1788. Martin Dawson 
 became a minister soon after 1774, and preached for many 
 years at Totier, which was situated near Porter's Precinct, 
 and was then commonly known as Dawson's Meeting House. 
 His labors however extended largely over the whole county. 
 Benjamin Burgher, who lived on the headwaters of Mechum's 
 River, was for a long period the pastor of Mount Bd. In 
 1822 he, Benjamin Ficklin and John Goss had advertised to 
 begin a protracted meeting on a certain day at Mountain 
 Plains, but on the very day of the appointment Mr. Burgher 
 rested from his earthly labors. John Goss came to the county 
 from Madison in 1802. 
 
 In 1820 Daniel Davis, Jr., a Baptist minister, preached 
 occasionally in Charlottesville, sometimes in the courthouse, 
 and sometimes in a large room of John Burrus. An organi- 
 zation seems to have existed in town at that date, as Mr. 
 Davis advertised that he would baptize those who had made 
 a declaration of their faith to the church. Yet it appears 
 that the formal establishment of the Charlottesville Church 
 did not take place till August 1831. On that occasion four 
 ministers were present, John Goss, Valentine Mason, Reuben 
 I/. Coleman and Charles Wingfield. Dr. Hardin Massie was 
 appointed its Clerk. In October 1835, Dr. Massie conveyed 
 to Nimrod Bramham, William Dunkum, Isaac White and 
 lycwis Teel as trustees, a part of L,ot No. Five, on which, it 
 was stated in the deed, the Baptist Church "stands." In 
 1853 the Circuit Court granted permission to sell the old 
 church property, and appointed as trustees for the new church> 
 William P. Parish, lycwis Sowell, James I/obban, John T. 
 Randolph, John Simpson, James Alexander and B. C. Flan- 
 nagan. 
 
 METHODIST. 
 
 The first mention of a Methodist Church in the county 
 occurred in 1788 in a deed from James Harris to Thomas 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 135 
 
 Jarman, whereby seventy -five acres on the north side of 
 Moorman's River were conveyed, surrounding two acres 
 before given, on which "the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 stands." This was beyond question the predecessor of 
 Mount Moriah at Whitehall. The lot on which the latter 
 was built, three and three -fourths acres, was conveyed in 
 1834 by Daniel and Hannah Maupin to Jesse P. Key, Wil- 
 liam Rodes, Thompson and Horace Brown and David Wiant. 
 Many years anterior to the date just mentioned this church 
 was commonly known as Maupin's Meeting House, and was 
 a favorite place for holding camp meetings. Henry Fry, a 
 former deputy Clerk of the county, speaks in his autobiog- 
 raphy of Bishop Asbury preaching at an early day at Tandy 
 Key's, who'lived north of the Cove, at the junction of the 
 Austin Gap and I/ynchburg Roads; and in that vicinity, 
 probably on Key's land, was located a building, which went 
 by the name of Key's Meeting House, but of which no trace 
 now remains. In 1795 Henry Austin conveyed a parcel of 
 land to Thomas Stribling, Samuel Wills, Joseph Hardesty, 
 Bernis Brown, Daniel Maupin, John Gibson, George Bing- 
 ham, William Oliver and Basil Guess, of Orange, for a 
 church, which was then called Austin's Meeting House, and 
 is no doubt the same as that now known as Bingham's 
 Church. In 1808 Bland Ballard donated one-fourth of an 
 acre for a Methodist Church, which was the old Ivy Creek 
 Church on the Barracks Road. 
 
 The first Methodist preacher on record was Athanasius 
 Thomas, who was licensed to celebrate the rites of matrimony 
 in 1793. This gentleman was the purchaser of several small 
 tracts of land in the vicinity of Mountain Plains Church, 
 where in all probability he made his home. In 1811 he dis- 
 posed of this property, and presumably removed to another 
 part of the country. Following him were Bernis Brown in 
 1794, John Gibson in 1797, John Goodman in 1802, and 
 Jacob Watts in 1806. About the beginning of the century, 
 there came to the county from Maryland two men, who 
 although laymen filled the place of local preachers, John B. 
 Magruder and George Jones. For many years they did a 
 
136 HISTORY OF AI.BEMAELE 
 
 good work, and exercised a strong influence in behalf of their 
 own church, and of true religion. In November 1823 a Dis- 
 trict Conference met in Charlottesville, of which James Boyd 
 was President, and Walker Timberlake, Secretary. 
 
 The Charlottesville Church was established in 1834. In 
 June of that year William Hammett purchased from Mary 
 Wales, and other representatives of Thomas Bell, Lot No. 
 Fifty-Five, and in the ensuing October conveyed it to Gess- 
 ner Harrison, Nathan C. Goodman, Stapleton Sneed, Mat- 
 thew and Thomas F. Wingfield, Fbenezer Watts and Thomas 
 Pace as trustees, for a Methodist Church. 
 
 During the twelve years from 1825 to 1837 there was a 
 great accession of church buildings in the county. In the 
 first of these years were built the Charlottesville Episcopal 
 Church, and a Methodist Church near Hammock's Gap; in 
 1827, the Charlottesville Presbyterian Church; in 1828, Mount 
 Zion Methodist Church, and Mount Pleasant Methodist, near 
 Hillsboro; in 1830, the Scottsville Presbyterian Church; in 
 1831, the Buck Island Methodist Church ; in 1832, the Scotts- 
 ville and Shiloh Methodist Churches ; in 1833, Wesley Chapel, 
 Earlysville Free Church, and the Charlottesville and Milton 
 Baptist Churches ; in 1834, Bethel Presbyterian, Charlottes- 
 ville and Mount Moriah Methodist, and Hardware Baptist 
 Churches; in 1835, Cross Roads Episcopal Church; in 1836, 
 Charlottesville Disciples Church ; and in 1837, Free Union 
 Free, and Piney Grove Baptist Churches. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 137 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 Account of Families. 
 
 ABELL. 
 
 The first Abell in the county was Caleb, who came from 
 Orange near the end of the last century. In 1V98 he pur- 
 chased what is still known as the old Abell place on Moore's 
 Creek. It originally consisted of six hundred and ninety- 
 four acres, comprising three different grants, but all bought 
 from the executors of Henry MuUins, of Goochland. Caleb 
 conveyed it to his son, John S. Abell, in 1808, John S. en- 
 tered the Baptist ministry about 1830, and died in 1859. In 
 1816 he married I^ydia Ralls, and his children were Alexan- 
 der P., who was a magistrate under the old regime, was first 
 a merchant in Charlottesville, then Teller in the Monticello 
 and Charlottesville National Banks, married Ann, daughter 
 of William Mclyeod, and about 1876 removed to Greenville, 
 S. C. ; George W., who was one of the early ministers of the 
 Disciples Church; and J. Ralls, whose wife was Susan, 
 daughter of William Dunkum. 
 
 Besides John S., there were Joshua Abell, who married 
 Caroline, and Richard, who married Emily, daughters of 
 Benjamin Martin, of North Garden; Caleb, who married 
 Jane, daughter of William Black; and Benjamin F., whose 
 wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Grayson. 
 
 ALPHIN. 
 
 John Alphin began to purchase land in the county in 
 1778, when he became the owner of two hundred and fifty 
 acres on Meadow Creek between the Staunton and White- 
 hall Roads. He continued his purchases till he acquired 
 more than a thousand acres in one body. He con- 
 ducted a noted hostelry, situated nearly opposite the resi- 
 dence of Jesse I/ewis, and for many years a favorite resort 
 for men of the turf. He furnished excellent accommodations, 
 
138 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 a prime cuisine, large stables, and a track for training horses. 
 His house was a place of wide notoriety at the beginning of 
 the century. 
 
 He married Martha, daughter of Christopher Shepherd, and 
 his children were Julius, Sarah, the wife of William Chapman, 
 Jane, the wife of David Owen, Nancy, the wife of William 
 Fagg, Mary, the wife of Blake Harris, and Elizabeth. He 
 sold to the county in 1806 the land on which the old Poor 
 House was built. He died in 1818. Most of his family dis- 
 posed of their interests in his estate, and removed to the West, 
 some of them to Blount County, Tennessee. 
 
 ANDERSON. 
 
 David Anderson and his wife Elizabeth, came from Han- 
 over County, and lived on a plantation in Albemarle, not far 
 from Scottsville. David died in 1791, and his wife in 1804. 
 They had eight sons, William, Nathaniel, Thomas, Richard, 
 David, Matthew, Edmund and Samuel, and three daugh- 
 ters. Of the daughters, Ann was married to Dabney 
 Minor, of Hanover, Sarah, to Chrisopher Hudson, and 
 the third to a Barrett, whose son Anderson Barrett lived 
 in Richmond, and was an executor of both his grand- 
 parents. One of the sons, Nathaniel, had his residence 
 on the old glebe of St. Anne's on Totier, which he bought 
 from John Breckinridge in 1796. He married Sarah, 
 daughter of John Carr, of Bear Castle, and sister of Dabney, 
 Mr. Jefferson's brother-in-law. He died in 1812, and left 
 four children, William, Nathaniel, Mary, the wife of a 
 Mosby, and Elizabeth, the wife of a I,awrence. Nathaniel 
 married Sarah Elizabeth , and his children were Mar- 
 tha, the wife of Stephen Woodson, Mary, Dabney Minor and 
 Overton. Edmund, son of David, is thought to be the same 
 person who married Jane, daughter of William Lewis, and 
 sister of the celebrateii explorer, Meriwether Lewis. He 
 died in 1809, leaving two sons and four daughters, William, 
 Dr. Meriwether, who married Lucy Harper, Ann, the wife of 
 Thomas Fielding Lewis, Jane, the wife of Benjamin Wood, 
 
 Lucy, the wife of , Buckner, and Sarah, the wife of 
 
 Gabriel Harper. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 139 
 
 Richard Anderson, son of David, married Ann Meriwether, 
 sister of lYUcy, the wife of William I^ewis. He at one time 
 owned an interest in the land on Ivy Creek on which the 
 Prison Barracks were built, and which he sold to John Har- 
 vie about a year before their building took place. His son 
 David was living at Milton at the beginning of the century, 
 and represented Brown, Rives & Co., one of the firms 
 doing business in that town. In 1801 David was appointed a 
 magistrate of the county, but resigned the next year. Some 
 time after he removed to Richmond. He married Susan, 
 daughter of Reuben Moore, of Culpeper, and his children 
 Were Meriwether 1,., Richard, Catharine, the wife of Jefferson 
 Trice, of Richmond, and Helen, the wife of a Porter. In 
 1829 he returned to Albemarle, and married again Mary, 
 daughter of Thomas W. lyewis, and widow of James lycitch, 
 and two years later his son Meriwether married Eliza Ivcitch, 
 daughter of his step -mother. Their home was at Pantops. 
 David Anderson died in 1841, and Meriwether in 1872. 
 
 It is believed Richard Anderson had two other sons, 
 Edmund and Jasper. Edmund married first Frances Moore, 
 sister of his brother David's first wife. Some years later he 
 married Ann, daughter of William Cole, of North Garden, 
 and not long after Jasper married her sister, Susan Cole. In 
 1813 Edmund purchased from Clifton Rodes, executor of John 
 Jouett, sixty acres of land lying east and north of Charlottes ■ 
 ville, and extending from the present Ninth Street east to the 
 hill overlooking Schenk's Branch, and laid it out in town lots. 
 This tract was known as Anderson's Addition. He sold 
 a number of lots, chiefly on East Jefferson and Park Streets, 
 during the decade of 1820, and in 1831 conveyed to John J. 
 Winn and Alexander Garret I<ot Thirty-Four, the present 
 Maplewood Cemetery. In the meantime he removed to Rich- 
 mond, and entered into business under the firms of Anderson 
 & Woodson, and of Anderson, Woodson & Biggers ; but 
 the business failing, he transferred all his property in Albe- 
 marle to John R. Jones as trustee, who in 1829 sold it for 
 the payment of his debts. A son, Charles Anderson, was a 
 Druggist in Richmond, and a few years ago removed to 
 Roanoke, where he died. 
 
140 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI<E 
 
 BALLARD. 
 
 Ballard was one of the first names of the county in the 
 order of time. As early as 1738, Thomas Ballard obtained 
 a patent for three hundred and twenty acres near the foot of 
 Piney Mountain. His descendants became numerous, all 
 having large families, and occupying farms in the stretch of 
 country between Piney Mountain and Brown's Cove. 
 Thomas died in 1781, leaving six sons and three daughters, 
 Thomas, William, John, David, Bland, Samuel, Ann, the 
 wife of Gabriel Maupin, Frances, and Susan, the wife of 
 William Pettit. The second Thomas died in 1804. His 
 children were John, James, Ann, the wife of a Bruce, Mary, 
 the wife of a Davis, lyucy, the wife of Joseph Harvey, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of Frost Snow, and Martha, the wife of Thomas 
 Pettit. John married, it is believed, Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Roger Thompson, and died in 1829, leaving seven sons and 
 one daughter, Edward, James, David, John, Nicholas, Wil- 
 liam, Wilson, and Elizabeth, the wife of Pleasant Jarman. 
 James, brother of John, married Ann, daughter of David 
 Rodes, and died in 1853. His children were Garland, 
 Thomas, David, Susan, the wife of Thomas I^. Shelton, 
 Selina, the wife of Thomas Bohannon, Judith, the wife of 
 Nimrod Day, Frances, the wife of Porter Cleveland, Sophia, 
 the wife of Hudson Oaks, and Mary, the wife of William 
 Thompson. William, son of the first Thomas, married a 
 daughter of William Jarman, and lived below Mechum's 
 Depot; and his son John P., after occupying a position with 
 Valentine, Fry & Co. in Charlottesville, removed to Rich- 
 mond, where he founded the Ballard House, formerly one of 
 the most popular hotels of that city. Bland married 
 Frances, daughter of John Shiflett, and died in 1809. His 
 family consisted of five sons and ten daughters. He donated 
 the ground on which the old Ivy Creek Methodist Church was 
 built. 
 
 BARCLAY. 
 
 Robert Barclay and his wife Sarah lived, in the early part 
 of the century, on the south side of the road leading from the 
 Cross Roads to Israel's Gap, at the place where James B. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 141 
 
 Sutherland now resides. There Barclay died in 1818, and his 
 widow was afterwards married to John Harris, of Viewmont. 
 He left two sons and two daughters, Mary E , who became 
 the wife of John D. Moon Sr. , Thomas J. , James T. , and Ann 
 Maria, the wife of Edward H. Moon. Thomas died unmarried 
 in 1828. About the same time James came to Charlottesville, 
 and opened a drug store. He lived in the brick house on 
 the northeast corner of Market and Seventh Streets, which 
 he bought in 1830 from Rev. F. W. Hatch. This place and 
 some other property he sold to T. J. Randolph, Rnd the same 
 year purchased from him Monticello, containing five hundred 
 and fifty-two acies, then valued at seven thousand dollars, 
 the transaction being in all probability an exchange. He 
 resided there till 1836, when he sold it with two hundred and 
 €ighteen acres to Commodore Uriah P. I,evy. He then be- 
 came a Disciples minister, and sailed as a missionary to 
 Jerusalem, where he remained for many years. As the re- 
 sult of his researches there, he published a large work de- 
 scriptive of the place, entitled The City of the Great King. 
 He and his wife Julia had several children, among them a 
 son, who was appointed bv Mr. Cleveland in his first term 
 Consul to Algiers, where a kinsman of the same name had 
 discharged the same functions a hundred years before. The 
 latter part of Mr. Barclay's life was spent in this country 
 with a son in Alabama, where he died a few years ago. 
 
 BARKSDALE. 
 
 William Barksdale is noticed in the records in 1765. He 
 was for a number of year§ a buyer of land, chiefly on the 
 south fork of the Rivanna north of Hydraulic Mills, and on the 
 upper part of Mechum's River. He and his wife Ann were 
 the parents of eleven children, Nathan, Goodman, Samuel, 
 
 Jonathan, John H., Nelson, , the wife of John Douglass, 
 
 Ann, the wife of Alexander Fretwell, Sarah, the wife of Wil- 
 liam Warwick, of Amherst, Lucy, the wife of Richard Burch, 
 and Elizabeth. William Barksdale died in 1796, and some 
 years later his widow was married to Philip Day. 
 
 Nathan seems to have died young, leaving two sons, 
 
142 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Achilles and Douglass, to whom their grandfather gave a 
 tract of land on Mechiim's River above the Depot of that 
 name. Goodman and Jonathan were settled in the same 
 neighborhood. Goodman died in 1832. Jonathan married 
 lyucy, daughter of Giles Rogers, and died in 1831. His 
 children were Nancy, the wife of George W. Kinsolving, 
 I/Ucy, the wife of Richard Rothwell, Ralph, Nathan, who 
 married his cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Parmenas Rogers, 
 and whose children were Ralph, Lucy, Mary and George, 
 and William G., who married Elmira, daughter of John 
 Wood. Jonathan formerly owned the land on which the 
 village of Hillsboro stands. 
 
 Samuel Barksdale lived between the old Lynchburg Road 
 and Dudley's Mountain. He was twice married, first to 
 Mary, daughter of Jeremiah Hamner, and secondly to 
 Jemima, daughter of Charles Wingfield Sr. His children by 
 the first marriage were Elizabeth, the wife of William Wat- 
 son, long the keeper of the county jail, and Mary, the wife of 
 William Douglass. Those by the second were Rice G. , 
 whose wife was Elizabeth White, whose children were John 
 H. Jr., and James S., and who died in 1879, John, who was a 
 Presbyterian minister, one of the first set of students at Union 
 Theological Seminary, but who died in Charlottesville in 
 1829, just after entering upon his work, Jane, the wife of 
 Willis Day, and Sarah, the wife of Richard Fretwell. 
 
 John H. Barksdale resided north of Hydraulic Mills. His 
 children were Hudson, Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Over- 
 street, and Orlando, who some years ago lost his life on the 
 Railroad near the Burnt Mills, iij the act of saving Edward 
 Gilbert from being crushed by a passing train. Nelson was 
 the most active and thrifty of the family. His home was 
 also north of Hydraulic Mills. For many years he farmed 
 the Sheriffalty of the county, and was Proctor of the Uni- 
 versity while it was yet in its humbler guise as Central Co) - 
 lege. He died in 1861. He married Jane, daughter of Jesse 
 Lewis, and his children were Mary Jane, the wife of J. Frank 
 Fry, Sarah, the wife of John J. Bowcock, Sophia, the wife 
 of James Fray, John T., Eliza, the wife of Albert Terrell, 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 143 
 
 and secondly of Robert Durrett, Caroline, the wife of T. J. 
 Eddins, and Margaret, the wife of Dr. H. O. Austin. 
 
 BIBB. 
 
 The Bibbs came to Albemarle from I^ouisa. In 1821 Wil- 
 liam A. became associated in the mercantile business with 
 his father-in-law, Nimrod Bramham. He was appointed a 
 magistrate of the county in 1832. When the Branch of the 
 Farmers' Bank of Virginia was established in Charlottesville, 
 he was appointed its Cashier, and managed its affairs with 
 eminent skill until all business was interrupted by the war. 
 In 1836 he purchased from the trustees the square on which 
 the old Female Seminary stood, the present site of the I^eter- 
 man mansion, and made it his residence until his death in 
 1865. He married Sarah Bramham, and his children were 
 Henry, Angeline, the wife of Edward J. Timberlake, Dr. 
 William E., Horace, Cornelia, the wife of George W. Thorn - 
 hill, Emma, the wife of Professor H, H. Harris, James T. , 
 Sarah, the wife of Robert Williams, and F. Gillett, the wife 
 of George Willingham, of South Carolina. 
 
 John H. Bibb, a nephew of William A., commenced his 
 business life as a clerk in the house of Valentine, Fry & 
 Co. It was not long however before he became a merchant 
 on his own account, conducting his affairs with success until 
 the war. He was also the first Cashier of the Charlottesville 
 Savings Bank. He built the brick house on the west side of 
 Ridge Street, now in the possession of Dr. George Scribner, 
 and resided there for some years. His home was afterwards 
 at Branchland, where Major Bolton now resides, and he 
 finally purchased the large brick on Jefferson Street, formerly 
 the dwelling of John R. Jones. He married Harriet, daugh- 
 ter of French Strother, of Culpeper, and his children were 
 Helen, the wife of William P. I<outhan, A. Pendleton, and 
 Catharine, the wife of Dr. William Du Bose, United States 
 Navy. Mr. Bibb died in 1888. 
 
 BISHOP. 
 
 A William Bishop was the grantee of a small parcel of 
 land on the south fork of Hardware in 1756, which his 
 
144 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 descendants sold in 1774 to George Eubank. In 1782 James 
 Bishop entered four hundred acres on the Blue Ridge in the 
 Afton neighborhood, which he and his wife Elizabeth subse- 
 quently sold to other parties. About the end of the last 
 century Joseph Bishop began to purchase land in the county, 
 and continued to purchase from time to time in various 
 localities, particularly in the Biscuit Run Valley and the 
 vicinity of D. S. In 1803 he bought from John Carr twelve 
 acres bordering on the west side of Charlottesville, and ex- 
 tending from the Staunton to the Whitehall Road; with this 
 tract his name was more intimately connected. He estab- 
 lished the tanyard at the west end of Main Street. He 
 erected the first buildings in Random Row, and gave lots on 
 Vinegar Hill to most of his children. The largest part of 
 this land he sold not long before his death to John Neilson, 
 an Irishman, who was one of the contractors for the Univer- 
 sity buildings. Joseph Bishop died in 1825. He left nine 
 children, John T. , who married Mary Ann, daughter of James 
 Jeffries, and removed to Dearborn County, Indiana, Joseph, 
 James, Ann, the wife of Johnson Pitts, Patience, the wife of 
 Gustavus Parsons, Mary, the wife of William Young, 
 Frances, Jonathan A. J., who removed to Missouri, and 
 Ivucy Jane, the wife of Ezra M. Wolfe. Joseph Bishop's 
 wife was Jane, daughter of Edmund Terrell, and his wife, 
 Margaret Willis, a grandaughter of Henry Willis, the founder 
 of Fredericksburg, and his wife, Mildred Washington Greg- 
 ory, sister of General Washington's father. His son, Joseph, 
 was an active dealer in Charlottesville real estate. He was 
 one of the original trustees of the Disciples Church. 
 
 BLACK. 
 
 Samuel Black was a native of Ireland, and coming to this 
 country as a student of theology, was licensed to preach by 
 the Presbytery of New Castle. He was settled as pastor 
 over two churches in Donegal Presbytery in Pennsylvania. 
 In 1743 he began to visit Virginia as a missionary, and in 
 1747 received a call from Mountain Plains Church, and the 
 people of Ivy Creek, who formed the congregation of D. S. 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI<B 145 
 
 In 1751 he parchased from Richard Stockton four hundred 
 acres on Mechum's River, where he made his home until his 
 death in 1770. For a time he taught school in connection 
 with his ministerial duties. His wife's name was Catharine 
 Shaw, and his children were Samuel, James, Margaret, Mary, 
 Sarah, John and William. James became the owner of six 
 hundred acres on Stockton's Creek not far from Rockfish Gap, 
 where he kept a public house, and where in the fall of 1777 
 he had as a guest General George Rogers Clark. He and 
 his wife Eleanor sold out in 1780, and seem to have removed 
 from the county. John and his wife Elizabeth, in 1789 sold 
 to Menan Mills one hundred and thirty acres adjoining the 
 home place. After this time the only member of the family 
 whose course can be traced is Samuel, the eldest son. 
 
 He became a man of prominence, prospered in his affairs, 
 was active as a magistrate for some years, and died in 1815. 
 He and his wife Mary had six sons and three daughters, 
 Samuel, William, Dorcas, the wife of Charles Patrick, Catha- 
 rine, Mary, the wife of John Ramsay, James, John, Joel and 
 Daniel. The second son, William, married Matilda Rowe, 
 and died in 1809, leaving seven children, Samuel, who died 
 unmarried in 1846, Jane, the wife of Caleb Abell, Andrew, 
 James, Thomas, who died unmarried in 1878, John and Mary. 
 Andrew died in 1875. His wife was Sarah, daughter of Nicho- 
 las Merritt, and his children, William, Nicholas, Mary, the 
 wife of Willis Piper, Elizabeth, the second wife of James H. 
 Rea, and Cynthia. James married Rosanna, sister of 
 Andrew's wife, and died in 1876. His children were Samuel, 
 Nicholas, Elizabeth, the wife of Richard Robinson, and Sarah 
 Ann, the first wife of James H. Rea. 
 
 BOWCOCK. 
 
 The first of the Bowcock family in the county was Jason. 
 The records mention indeed a Samuel Bowcock, but nothing 
 more is known of him except that he died in 1783. A daugh- 
 ter of Alexander McKinzie, who from 1742 to 1799 owned 
 part of the land now possessed by the University, was the 
 —10 
 
146 HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLE 
 
 wife of a Bowcock, and left a daughter who was living at the 
 beginning of the century. The husband here referred to may 
 have been Samuel, and he may possibly have been the father 
 of Jason. The latter lived on the Barboursville Road north 
 of Stony Point, and died in 1816. He and his wife Judith had 
 six children, Ann, the wife of Achilles Douglass, Douglass, 
 Achilles, Tandy, Mildred, the wife of John Douglass, and 
 John, who succeeded his father on the old place. In Decem- 
 ber 1822, Achilles Bowcock, while sitting at table at Nathaniel 
 Burnley's in Stony Point, apparently in perfect health, fell 
 dead from his chair. 
 
 Douglass lived at the junction of the Earlysville and Piney 
 Mountain Roads, and kept tavern there for some years before 
 his death in 1825. His wife was Mildred Blackwell, and his 
 children Catharine, the wife of Dr. John F. Bell, who removed 
 ^to Kentucky, and John J. John J. occupied a large place 
 in the hearts of the people of the county. His early advan- 
 tages in point of education w«re slender, and his natural 
 gifts not brilliant, yet few men exercised a wider or more 
 beneficial influence in the community. His powers of per- 
 ception were clear, his judgment sound, and his integrity 
 without spot or suspicion. He inherited his father's farm, 
 and followed him in the conduct of a public house ; but almost 
 immediately he espoused the views which had then begun to 
 prevail on the subject of temperance, and turned the tavern 
 into a house of entertainment. The disputes of the surround- 
 ing country were largely referred to his arbitration, and his 
 decision was accepted as an end of strife. His neighbors 
 often desired that he should be the guardian of their children, 
 and settle their estates. He was a magistrate under the old 
 regime, and among the first elected under the new constitu- 
 tion ; and four times in succession he was made by the choice 
 of his fellow justices presiding magistrate of the County Court. 
 For many years he served as Colonel of the Eighty-Fighth 
 Regiment, his farm by the way being the regular place of its 
 muster. He was a member of the House of Delegates, and 
 according to a friend of opposite politics, such was the uni- 
 versal regard in which he was held, that no competitor could 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 147 
 
 Stand before him, and he might have been re-elected as often 
 as he wished ; but his unambitious temper soon declined the 
 honor. He was for a long period a ruling elder in the South 
 Plains Presbyterian Church. He died full of days in 1892, 
 and was followed to the tomb by the high esteem and sincere 
 regrets of all who knew him. His wife was Sarah, daughter 
 of Nelson Barksdale. Of his five sons and two daughters, 
 Dr. Charles, who for many years practised his profession at 
 Everettsville, did not long survive him. 
 
 BOWEN. 
 
 Four brothers named Bowen bought land in Albemarle, 
 James M., William, Peter and Thomas C. They came from 
 the vicinity of Jeffersonton, Rappahannock County. In 
 1817 James and William together made their first purchase 
 of five hundred acres from Benjamin Ficklin — the old White 
 place southwest of Batesville. James must have relinquished 
 his interest to William, since in 1829 the latter with his wife, 
 who was Eliza George, of Fauquier, sold this land to Roland 
 H. Bates. William was a teacher, having had a school 
 near Ivy Depot, and afterwards near Mount Fd church. He 
 finally returned to Rappahannock. Peter, who was a phy- 
 sician, never resided in the county, though he more than 
 once purchased land in the Greenwood neighborhood. Be- 
 sides farming, James for some years prosecuted business as a 
 merchant. He prospered in his affairs, and in 1835 bought 
 the old Ramsey place, with its Mill, building the large brick 
 mansion which still stands, calling it Mirador, and making 
 it one of the finest seats in the county.- He married Frances 
 Starke, and his children were Ann, the wife of Dr. John 
 R. Baylor, Mary, the wife of Dr. O. R. Funsten, of 
 Clarke, and Eliza, the wife of her cousin, Dr. George M. 
 Bowen, son of Peter. James died in 1880. His grandson, 
 James Bowen Funsten, was recently consecrated Episcopal 
 Bishop of Boise, Idaho. 
 
 When Thomas first came to the county, he also engaged in 
 the vocation of teaching. One of his schools was located 
 beside the old Mount Pleasant Methodist Church, which 
 
148 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Stood on the hill three or four hundred yards west of Hills- 
 boro, and there he had Slaughter Ficklin as one of his pupils. 
 In 1837 he purchased from John Pilson the place which he 
 occupied till his death, which had been the old home of Isaac 
 Hardin, and which consisted of three tracts, Huntsmans, so 
 called from a former owner who removed to Kentucky, Hard 
 lyabor, and Greenwood, which gave name to the Depot sub- 
 sequently established. Thomas Bowen acted a more promi- 
 nent part in the affairs of the county than his brother, and 
 served as a magistrate prior to the Constitution of 1850. He 
 was twice married, first to Miss Wheatley, of Culpeper, and 
 secondly to Margaret Timberlake, of Clark County. He left 
 two daughters, Mary Eliza, the wife of Colonel Grantham, 
 of Jefferson County, and Julia, the wife of John Shirley. 
 His death occurred in 1886. Thornton W. Bowen, who 
 lived north of Whitehall, was a brother of these gentlemen. 
 
 BRAMHAM. 
 
 Nimrod Bramham first appears, when he commenced busi- 
 ness as a merchant at the point where the road over Turkey 
 Sag comes into the Barboursville road. His store there was 
 a noted centre for many years. He purchased the place in 
 1797 from James Sebree and Gravett Edwards. He was 
 highly esteemed both for his commercial skill and energy, 
 and for his civil and military abilities. In 1800 he succeeded 
 William Wirt as I/ieutenant in the militia, and in 1806 
 Francis Walker as Colonel of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment. 
 In 1801 he was appointed a magistrate. He represented the 
 county in the Legislature in 1812. In 1805 he gave the 
 ground for the Priddy's Creek Baptist Church, and was one 
 of the first trustees of the Charlottesville Baptist Church. 
 He probably removed to Charlottesville in 1806, as he then 
 bought part of the lot on the west side of the Square, where 
 for years he did business under the firms, first of Bramham 
 and Jones, and afterwards of Bramham and Bibb. In 1818 
 he purchased from Jesse W. Garth the place southwest of 
 Charlottesville, on which he built the large brick house, the 
 present residence of Herndon Fife, where he spent the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 149 
 
 remainder of his life. He died in 1845. His wife was 
 Margaret Marshall, of Culpeper, and his children, Sarah, the 
 wife of William A. Bibb, Nimrod, James, lyucy, the wife of 
 John Simpson, Gilly, the wife of William Eddins, and Jane, 
 the wife of Dr. Wyatt W. Hamner. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 Joseph Brand came from Hanover County, and in 1779' 
 bought from John Clark seven hundred and seventy -three 
 acres of land on Mechunk Creek. Some years after he pur- 
 chased a tract of more than six hundred acres on the Rivanna 
 opposite Milton. He also owned property in Hanover, and 
 land in the North Western Territory on the Miami. He died 
 in 1814. He and his wife Frances had twelve children, 
 Benjamin, Sarah, William, James, Joseph, Chiles, David, 
 Robert, Bliza, George, John, and Prances, the wife of David 
 Huckstep. What became of most of this large household is 
 not known. One of the sons, William, it is believed, emi- 
 grated to New Orleans, where he prosecuted a successful 
 business. The year after her father's death, Sarah was mar- 
 ried to John Robertson, a native of Scotland, who had taught 
 school in the county for some years, and who in 1814 was 
 taken under the care of Hanover Presbytery as a candidate 
 for the ministry. Chiles married Elizabeth Bryan, and died 
 in 1861. His children were Ann Eliza, the wife of Thomas R. 
 Bailey, Mary Jane, the wife of Richard Pinkard, Sarah, Rich- 
 ard, Catharine, who was for many years a teacher in Char- 
 lotteSville, and became the wife of William Bell, of Augusta, 
 Maria. William, James, and I^ucy, the wife of R. H. Munday, 
 who still occupies the house on University Street which was 
 conveyed to her grandmother by John M. Perry in 1825. 
 William D. Meriwether and James I,indsay were the acting 
 executors of Joseph Brand, and according to the instructions 
 of his will sold the land opposite Milton to Martin Dawson 
 in 1815, and that on Mechunk to Joseph Campbell in 1833. 
 
 BROCKMAN. 
 
 One of the early land owners in the northeast part of the 
 county was Samuel Brockman. He died in 1779, leaving 
 
150 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 two sons, Samuel and William, and probably a third named 
 Jason. William was apparently prosperous in his affairs. 
 He lived on Priddy's Creek, owned a considerable quantity 
 of land, and had one of the first mills erected in that section. 
 He died in 1809. A Baptist church, the precursor of the 
 present Priddy's Creek Church, was on his land, and he de- 
 vised it to the congregation using it as a place of worship. 
 His children were Frances, the wife of a Taylor, Elizabeth, 
 John, Margaret, the wife of a Henderson, Thomas, William, 
 Ambrose, Samuel, and Catharine, the wife of a Bell. Am- 
 brose married Nancy, daughter of Captain William Simms, 
 and became a Baptist preacher. Samuel married Ann Simms, 
 a sister of Ambrose's wife, and his son Samuel, who died in 
 1847, was the father of Richard Simms, Bluford, Tandy, 
 Simpson, Tazewell, and Agatha, the wife of Thomas Edwards. 
 Richard Simms marriei Martha, the daughter of Wiley Dick- 
 erson, and removed to Amherst. Among his children were 
 Fontaine D., Harriet, the wife of William Jeffries, Tandy, 
 and Willis Allen, who removed to Atlanta, Georgia. 
 
 In the early part of the century many of this name emi- 
 grated to Kentucky, a Tandy Brockman going to Christian 
 County, and Elizabeth, a widow, with a large family of chil- 
 dren, to Boone. 
 
 BROOKS. 
 
 James Brooks was a lawyer of the early Albemarle bar. 
 He married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Woods, and lived 
 on a parcel of land on Mechum's River below the Miller 
 School, given him by his father-in-law. He died in f815, 
 comparatively young. His children were Robert, Elizabeth, 
 James and Richard. He, and after him his son Robert, had 
 charge of the estate of Thomas West. 
 
 In 1808 Robert married Elizabeth, daughter of James Hays, 
 the founder of New York, and at first resided in Nelson 
 County. In 1812 he became a resident of New York, pur- 
 chasing Eot Thirty -One, on which stood at the time a one- 
 story framed house. In 1817 he made from David Hays the 
 first purchase of what was subsequently the Brooksville plan- 
 tation in the same vicinity. The next year his brothers and sis- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 151 
 
 ters appointed him their attorney to sell nine thousand acres 
 of land in Harrison County, Kentucky. For a long period 
 he kept a tavern at Brooksville, held in high esteem among 
 travellers for its capital good cheer. He was a magistrate of 
 the county, and a ruling elder in the Mountain Plains 
 Church. He and John Pilson were the only justices who 
 appeared to enforce the law against profane swearing, both 
 paying over to the Poor Fund fines which they had imposed 
 for that offence. His children were FHzabeth, Mary Frances, 
 William, Robert, Ira, Henry and Maria Antoinette. But 
 though possessing a fine farm, and conducting a popular 
 hostelry, his affairs became greatly embarrassed. In 1836 
 he was compelled by his debts to sell his place to James P. 
 Tyler, and removed to Kentucky. 
 
 BROWN. 
 
 The Browns of Brown's Cove were a Hanover family. Its 
 head, Benjamin, and his eldest son Benjamin, patented a large 
 area of land in lyouisa County, both before and after its 
 establishment in 1742. They began to obtain grants in 
 Albemarle also soon after its formation. From 1747 to 1760 
 they entered more than six thousand acres on both sides of 
 Doyle's River. Benjamin Sr. , married Sarah Dabney, who 
 according to Dr. Charles Brown's will, was descended from 
 the Jennings that left the enormous estate in England, which 
 such a multitudinpus posterity in this country has coveted, 
 and which prompted Dr. Charles to cross the great sea twice 
 in his old age. Benjamin died in 1762, leaving eleven chil- 
 dren, Benjamin, William, Agnes, Barzillai, Benajah, Bernard, 
 Bernis, Bezaleel, Brightberry, Elizabeth, the wife of John 
 Price, and lyucretia, the wife of Robert Harris. Passing 
 these names under review, one can imagine the delight of the 
 old gentleman in the iterating alliteration of B. B., and how 
 assiduously he searched the Scriptures and the I,ives of the 
 Saints, to attain his pet ideal. 
 
 Benjamin and William were their father's executors, and 
 appear to have had their portions and residence in Hanover 
 or l/ouisa. Barzillai sold out in Albemarle, and settled in 
 
152 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Shelby County, Kentucky, in 1809. Benajah also disposed 
 of his interests, and removed to Buckingham. 
 
 Bernard had his home at the foot of Buck's Elbow, not far 
 from Whitehall. He was the first of the family to depart 
 this life, dying in 1800. He and his wife Elizabeth had 
 twelve children, Robert, Reuben, Bernard M., Charles, 
 Thomas H;, Ira B., Asa B., Benjamin H., Bezaleel, Fran- 
 cina, the wife of John Rodes, I^ucy, the wife of Nathaniel 
 Thompson Sr. , and Sarah. Robert and Reuben emigrated 
 to Sumner County, Tennessee. Bernard M. rnarried Miriam, 
 daughter of David Maupin, and had nine children, among 
 whom were Thompson Brown, Sarah, the wife of Clifton 
 Brown, and Pyrena, the wife of Tilman Maupin. Charles 
 practiced medicine in Charlottesville in the early part of the 
 century. He lived where Dr. W. G. Rogers now resides 
 till 1822, when he removed to the farm on the waters of Ivy 
 Creek which he bought from Crenshaw Fretwell, and on 
 which his son Ezra still resides. He married his cousin 
 Mary, daughter of Bezaleel Brown, and had six children. 
 He died in 1879, having attained the remarkable age of 
 ninety-six years. Thomas H. married first Mildred Brown, 
 and secondly I<ucy, daughter of Horsley Goodman. By his 
 first marriage he had a daughter Emaline, who was the wife 
 of W. G. Fretwell. Ira B. married Frances Mullins, and 
 had six children, among them Burlington D. Brown. Ben- 
 jamin H. married Judith, daughter of Hudson Fretwell. 
 Bezeleel married Elizabeth, daughter of John A. Michie, and 
 his children were Cynthia, the wife of William H. Brown, 
 Frances, Addison, Williamson, Mary, the wife of George 
 W. Kemper, Martha, the wife of Charles H. Parrott, and 
 John A. M. He was cut off in the prime of his days in 1825. 
 The family of Bernard Brown was remarkable in one respect. 
 He and his three sons, Charles, Thomas H., and Ira B. 
 were magistrates of the county, and two of them served as 
 Sheriff, Charles in 1841, and Thomas H. in 1849. 
 
 Bernis was one of the early Methodist preachers in the 
 county and country, entering the ministry . some years 
 before the close of the last century. He married Hen- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 153 
 
 rietta, daughter of John Rodes, and died in 1815, leaving 
 eight children, Sarah, the wife of Thomas Jones, Henrietta, 
 the wife of John Ruff, Ann, the wife of John Dickerson, 
 Bernis, Tyree, Benjamin T., who married Ivucy Richards, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Carthrae, and John R. 
 
 Bezaleel was an officer in the Revolutionary army at York- 
 town, was a magistrate of the county, and served as Sheriff 
 in 1805. He died in 1829. He and his wife Mary had six 
 children, William T., Bezaleel, Elizabeth, the wife of Jesse 
 Garth, I^ucy, the wife of her cousin Reuben, Bernard's son, 
 Sarah, the wife of Charles Parrott, and Mary, the wife of Dr. 
 Charles. William T. married Mary, daughter of James Jar- 
 man, and died in 1877. His children were Lucy, Sarah, the 
 wife of John R. Early, and Mary, the wife of Dr. William E. 
 Bibb. Bezaleel was appointed a magistrate in 1835, was a 
 member of the House of Delegates from 1844 to 1847, and 
 died.in 1878. 
 
 Brightberry and his wife Mary had five sons, Horace, 
 Clifton, William, Nimrod, and Brightberry. He died in 1846. 
 Horace lived at the head of the Cove, just beneath Brown's 
 Gap, and his house, on account of its bracing air, quiet se- 
 clusion and generous fare, was a favorite resort of the Meth- 
 odist clergy during the heat of summer. 
 
 This family of Brown, from their early settlement, their 
 prominent part in public affairs, the high character generally 
 prevalent among them, and the lasting impress they have 
 made on the natural scenery of the county, is one of the 
 most noted in its history. 
 
 A numerous family of the same name began with Andrew 
 Brown, who in 1789 bought land in North Garden from John 
 Everett. He lived in a house which is still standing, about 
 a quarter of a mile west of North Garden Depot. He died 
 in 1804, and the place was well known for many years after 
 as the residence of his wife Mary. His children numbered 
 thirteen, Elizabeth, the wife of Joel Yancey, John, James, 
 Anderson, Nancy, Lucy, the wife of Ralph Thomas, Sarah, 
 the wife of Absalom Johnson, Nelson, Mary, the wife of Mar- 
 tin Moore, Margaret, the wife of James Kinsolving, Wil- 
 
154 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI,B 
 
 liamson, Maurice and Damaris, the wife of Benjamin W. 
 Wheeler. John married Martha, the widow of John P. 
 Watson, who had devised to her his real estate, nearly five 
 hundred acres lying east of North Garden Depot ; she how- 
 ever in 1816 joined with her second husband in a deed to 
 James lyeigh, that it might be reconveyed to him. He died 
 in 1845, and his children were John A., William, Catharine, 
 the wife of Jerome B. Wood, Sarah, the wife of John M. Carr, 
 Ann, the wife of George W. Rothwell, Charles, Martha, the 
 wife of Benjamin F. Ammonett, and Marietta, the wife of 
 Elijah J. Bettis. Anderson and his wife Susan had ten chil- 
 dren, among whom were Sarah, the wife of D. C. Rittenhouse, 
 Mary Jane, the wife of James A. Watson, and the late 
 Andrew J. Brown, of Charlottesville. 
 
 A Benjamin Brown was associated with David Ross in the 
 purchase of a large number of lots in Charlottesville, when 
 they were originally sold. He died about 1799, and John 
 Brown, of lyouisa, was his executor. It is probable Benjamin 
 lived in lyouisa, and he may have been the eldest son of Ben- 
 jamin Sr., of Brown's Cove. 
 
 Another Benjamin Brown was a lawyer of the Albemarle 
 bar at the beginning of the century. He was the owner at 
 different times of the plantations of Meadow Creek and 
 Mooresbrook, at which latter place his son, Robert M., a 
 prominent attorney of Amherst, was born. He married Sarah 
 E. W., daughter of Colonel Charles Ivcwis, of North Garden. 
 After selling Mooresbrook to R. B. Streshley in 1812, he 
 removed to Amherst County. 
 
 Matthew Brown, who it is said was not related to the last 
 mentioned Benjamin, married Ann, the sister of Benjamin's 
 wife. For a few years subsequent to 1804, he resided on a 
 thousand acres which he purchased from John M. Sheppard, 
 of Hanover, and which were situated in North Garden on the 
 north side of Tom's Mountain. He also removed to Amherst. 
 At a later date he was a contractor for erecting the buildings 
 of the University. He was the grandfather of Judge Thomp- 
 son Brown, of Nelson. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 155 
 
 SURCH. 
 
 In 1763 Thomas Burch, of Caroline County, together with 
 Ritchins Brame, purchased from Francis Jerdone four hun- 
 dred acres on Ivy Creek, a part of the Michael Holland tract, 
 of which another part is the present Farmington. He died 
 in 1775, leaving his widow Sarah, and fourteen children, 
 Mary, the wife of a Hewlett, Cheadle, John, Benjamin, 
 Keziah, the wife of a Cook, William, Sarah, the wife of a 
 Bowles, Ann, Frances, Samuel, Joseph, Richard, Jean 
 Stapleton, the wife of John Rodes, son of the first Clifton, 
 and Thomas. His widow and James Kerr were designated 
 executors of his will. As to what became of most of this 
 large family, no sign remains. 
 
 Samuel was shot by George Carter in his own door on 
 Main Street in Charlottesville in 1800. His house was situ- 
 ated about where the store of T. T. Norman now stands. His 
 wife, who was Mary, daughter of James Kerr, with her 
 daughter Sarah , wh6 became the wife of Robert Andrews, re- 
 moved to Fleming County, Kentucky, and their interest in the 
 lot on which Samuel had lived, was sold to William Thombs 
 in 1828. Two sons, Thomas D. and James Kerr settled in 
 Wake County, North Carolina, James K., whose wife's name 
 was Helen, became a Presbyterian minister, preached at one 
 time in Kentucky, and in his last years removed to Missouri. 
 His daughter, Catharine was the wife of the distinguished 
 divine of Kentucky, Dr. Nathan L,. Rice. 
 
 Joseph Burch in 1786 married Mary, daughter of the elder 
 Clifton Rodes and his wife Sarah, daughter of John Waller, 
 of Pamunky. He removed to Kentucky. A son of Joseph 
 was the Rev. Clifton R. Burch, whose daughter was the wife 
 of John C. Breckinridge, the Vice President; and a daughter 
 of Joseph was the wife of Waller Bullock, and mother of the 
 late Rev. J. J. Bullock, of Baltimore and Washington. 
 
 Richard Burch married Lucy, daughter of William Barks- 
 dale in 1791. He was the owner of what is now known as 
 the Ivy Cottage plantation, which was no doubt a part of his 
 father's place. In 1793 he entered upon a contest with Moses 
 Bates in regard to the erection of a mill on Ivy Creek ; and 
 
156 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 in 1813 the Court decided that the right to the bed of the 
 creek belonged to Burch. Meanwhile he devoted himself to 
 tavern keeping. He conducted a public house at Stony 
 Point, then at Michie's Old Tavern, and still later at the 
 Swan in Charlottesville. In 1821 he was engaged in the 
 same business in Ivovingston, Nelson County. 
 
 BURNLBY. 
 
 John Burnley, an Englishman, who lived in Hanover 
 County, returned to England in 1771, leaving in Virginia a 
 will of that date, but making another in England in 1778. 
 In both of these he bequeathed property to a son Zachariah, 
 and to daughters, Elizabeth and Keziah, who were both 
 married to Dukes. A litigation followed respecting these 
 bequests, and was protracted through a period of fifty years. 
 Hardin Burnley, a brother or son of John, obtained patents 
 for land in Albemarle from 1749 to 1764. Zachariah, prob- 
 ably the one already mentioned, and a citizen of Orange 
 County, purchased in 1767 from Dr. Arthur Hopkins nearly 
 fifteen hundred acres on Hardware and Totier, which Hardin 
 had patented, but forfeited for non-payment of quit rents. 
 In 1788 he also purchased upwards of four hundred acres at 
 the mouth of Priddy's Creek, which he shortly after sold to 
 Peter Clarkson. Nicholas Mills, of Hanover, in 1786 con- 
 veyed to James Burnley, of Louisa, a considerable tract of 
 land on Beaver Creek, north of Mechum's River Depot, and 
 from the nominal consideration specified it is likely he was 
 Mill's son-in-law. He fixed his residence there, as did his 
 son John also; but toward the close of the century they 
 appear to have sold to other persons, and removed elsewhere. 
 
 A Reuben Burnley was the owner of Lots Seventy -Three 
 and Seventy-Four in Charlottesville, the square on which Dr. 
 W. G. Rogers resides, and with his wife Harriet conveyed 
 them in 1806 to Dr. Charles Everett. A James Burnley 
 purchased about eighty acres north and northeast of the Uni- 
 versity in 1803, but dying before the deed was made, the prop- 
 erty was conveyed to his wife Ann. He left a daughter Mary, 
 who was married first to John L- O'Neal, and secondly to 
 
HISTORY OV ALBEMARLE 157 
 
 Daniel Piper, and in the decade of 1820 she and her second 
 husband sold this land to different persons, in part to the 
 University. When the estate of Cornelius Schenk was sold, 
 Ann bought Lots Sixty-Seven and Sixty-Eight, immediately 
 west of the Episcopal Church, and lived there for many years, 
 selling them in 1837 to Alonzo Gooch. From her the spring 
 at the foot of the hill, at the junction of the extension of 
 High Street with the Whitehall Road, formerly went by the 
 name of Burnley's Spring. There can hardly be a doubt 
 that all these Burnleys, as well as those mentioned hereafter, 
 derived their descent from the same stock. 
 
 Of eight brothers of the name belonging to lyOuisa County, 
 two, and the descendants of two others, settled in Albemarle. 
 Seth Burnley lived north of Hydraulic Mills, married Ann, 
 daughter of Horsley Goodman, and died in 1857. He was 
 succeeded by his son Jame.'* H., who married Mildred, daugh- 
 ter of John J. Bowcock. Nicholas, who lived in the Beaver 
 Creek nieghborhood, married Susan, daughter of James Har- 
 ris. He left two sons, James Harris and Joel, who removed 
 to Pickaway County, Ohio, and a daughter Mary, who was 
 the wife of John T. Wood. Samuel, the son of Henry Burn- 
 ley, pursued for many years the calling of a teacher. He 
 married Martha, the daughter of his cousin Nathaniel, and 
 spent his last days on his farm on Mechunk, not far from 
 Union Mills. He died in 1875. A sister of Samuel, Mildred, 
 became the wife of Crenshaw Fretwell, and four of his nieces 
 the wives of Judge George P. Hughes, James F. Burnley, A. 
 J. Wood and J. R. Wingfield. Nathaniel, the son of John 
 Burnley, settled in the early part of the century at Stony 
 Point, where he kept tavern for many years. In 1829, in 
 partnership with Rice W. Wood, he bought from John M. 
 Perry the Hydraulic Mills, where he transacted the milling 
 and mercantile business until his death in 1860. In 1811 he 
 married Sarah, daughter of the elder Drury Wood, and his 
 children were James F., William, Horace, Drury, Martha, 
 the wife of Samuel Burnley, lyucy, the wife of Charles Vest, 
 Mary J., the wife of Dr. Garland A. Garth, Emily, the wife 
 of Burwell Garth, and Cornelia, the wife of James P. Railey. 
 
158 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Nathaniel's sister Elizabeth was married in 1816 to Hudson 
 
 Fret well. 
 
 BUSTER. 
 
 A family named Buster, occasionally spelled in the records 
 Bustard, was settled in the county at, or soon after, its for- 
 mation. Its head was William, who lived in North Garden 
 on the north fork of Hardware, near where the old White 
 mill stood. He was one of the signers of the call to Rev. 
 Samuel Black. A bridge called by his name spanned the 
 stream near by, and was a landmark in the vicinity up to the 
 end of the last century. As early as 1749, his wife Elizabeth 
 was left a widow. He had certainly two sons, John and 
 Claudius, who were the owners of more than three hundred 
 acres on the Hardware. Both also bought land on the head 
 waters of Mechum's River. John was for a time a citizen of 
 Augusta County. About 1785 he established himself on 
 Moore's Creek, a mile or two south of Jesse Maury's resi- 
 dence. He was a ruling elder in the D. S. Church, and died 
 in 1820, aged eighty-three. He was twice married, first to 
 Elizabeth Woods, and secondly, to Alice, daughter of John 
 Gilliam. His children were Ann, the wife of John Wingfield, 
 Martha, the wife of Matthew Wingfield, Sarah, the wife of 
 Dixon Dedman, Margaret, the wife of William Poster, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of George Moore, Patience, the wife of I^evi 
 Wheat, Claudius and David. 
 
 Claudius about 1785 purchased the D. S., where he kept 
 tavern until his death in 1807. He and his wife Dorcas had 
 eleven children, John, Mary, the wife of James Hays, the 
 founder of New York, William, Claudius, Thomas, Benja- 
 min, Patience, the wife of Charles Bailey, Nancy, the wife of 
 William Garland, Robert, Charles Franklin and Elizabeth. 
 Claudius, whose wife's name was Ann, and Thomas re- 
 moved to Kanawha, where Thomas was a Justice of the 
 Peace in 1819. Another of the sons, thought to be Charles 
 Franklin, removed to I,oudoun County, whence his descend- 
 ants afterwards went to Greenbrier, of which county one of 
 them was recently the Clerk. 
 
 A Buster, no doubt another son of William and Elizabeth, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 159 
 
 married Mary, daughter of Thomas Smith, and had two 
 sons, John and David. These brothers in 1784 bought a 
 tract of land on the old Richard Woods Road southwest of 
 Ivy Depot, part of which they sold to William Gooch. John 
 also owned the land in North Garden east of Israel's Gap, 
 which he sold in 1799 to Thomas Carr, and which was the 
 home of!his son Dabney Carr for more than three score years. 
 John Buster in 1786 married Lucy, daughter of Mask Leake, 
 and about the beginning of the century removed to Charlotte 
 County. 
 
 CARR. 
 
 Major Thomas Carr, of King William, commenced entering 
 land within the present bounds of Albemarle in 1730. Up 
 to 1737 he had patented more than five thousand acres along 
 the north fork of Rivanna, and on the west side of the South 
 West Mountain. The most of this land he gave to his son 
 John, of Bear Castle, Louisa. John, who died about 1769, 
 was twice married, first to Mary Dabney, and secondly to 
 Barbara Overton. His children were Thomas, Dabney, 
 Samuel, Overton, Garland, and Sarah, the wife of Nathaniel 
 Anderson, who resided on the old glebe of St. Anne's. 
 Thomas married Mary Clarkson, and his children were John 
 Manoah, Dabney, Thomas, Samuel, and Mary, the wife of 
 Howell Lewis, of North Garden. He lived on the south 
 fork of the Rivanna, and died in 1807. John M. was the 
 Clerk of the District Court of Charlottesville, and the first 
 Clerk of the Circuit Court of Albemarle, which ofi&ce he filled 
 till 1819. His home was at Belmont, the residence of the late 
 Slaughter Ficklin. His wife was Jane, the daughter of Col- 
 onel Charles Lewis, of North Garden, and his children Charles 
 Lewis, a physician, who married Ann, widow of Richard P. 
 Watson, and practised in North Garden, John H., who 
 married Malinda, daughter of Manoah Clarkson, Nathaniel, 
 Willis, a physician, who married Mary Ann Gaines, and 
 practised in the vicinity of Ivy, and Jane. Most of this 
 family, it is believed, emigrated to Kentucky. Dabney 
 married Lucy, daughter of John Digges, of Nelson, lived in 
 he southwest corner of North Garden, near the foot of Israel's 
 Gap, and died in 1862, about ninety years of age. 
 
160 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Dabney, the second son of John, was the rising orator of 
 Revolutionary times, mentioned by Wirt in his Life of 
 Patrick Henry. He married Martha, sister of Mr. Jefferson. 
 He lived in Goochland, but died in 1773 in Charlottesville, 
 whither he had come on business. He was buried at old 
 Shad well, but in consequence of an agreement made in youth- 
 ful friendship, Mr. Jefferson had his remains removed to 
 Monticello, where it was the first of a long list of distin- 
 guished interments in the present cemetery. His children 
 were Peter, Samuel, Dabney, Martha, the wife of Richard 
 Terrell, Jane, the wife of Miles Gary, and Ellen, the wife of Dr. 
 Newsom, of Mississippi. Peter studied law, was some time 
 Mr. Jefferson's private secretary when President, married 
 Hester Smith Stevenson, a young widow of Baltimore, lived 
 at Carrsbrook, was appointed a magistrate, but soon resigned, 
 and died in 1815. He left three children, Dabney, minister 
 to Turkey six years from 1843, Ellen, wife of William B. 
 Buchanan, of Baltimore, and Jane Margaret, wife of Wilson 
 M. Gary. Samuel lived at Dunlora, was a magistrate. Colo- 
 nel of cavalry in the war of 1812, member of the House of 
 Delegates and the State Senate, married first his cousin Ellen 
 Carr, and secondly Maria, sister of Major William S. Dabney, 
 was the father of James Lawrence, of Kanawha, and Colonel 
 George, of Roanoke, and died in Kanawha in 1849. Dabney 
 began life as a lawyer in Charlottesville, married his cousin 
 Elizabeth Carr, lived where Ira Garrett so long resided, and 
 after being Chancellor of the Winchester District, became 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals in 1824. He died in Rich- 
 mond in 1837. 
 
 Samuel, the third son of John Carr, was an officer in the 
 Navy, married a Mrs. Riddick, of Nansemond, and died 
 without children. He devised his place Dunlora to his 
 nephew and namesake, Samuel. 
 
 Overton, fourth son of John, married a Mrs. Anderson, 
 and resided in Maryland. His two daughters , Ellen and Eliza- 
 beth, became the wives of Colonel Samuel and Judge Dabney. 
 A son, Jonathan Boucher, came to this county, married his 
 cousin Barbara, daughter of Garland Carr, settled in Char- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 161 
 
 lotlesville as a lawyer, was Commonwealth's Attorney for 
 eleven years from 1818, bought Dabney Carr's place, and sold 
 it to Ira Garrett when he moved to the country, lived wheie 
 Dr. H. O. Austin recently resided, and finally emigrated to 
 Missouri. He was the father of Mary Ann, wife of Hugh 
 Minor. Another son, Overton, was for many years Door- 
 keeper of the House of Representatives at Washington. 
 
 Garland, youngest son of John, was a magistrate of the 
 county, and lived at Bentivar, where he died in 1838. He 
 married Mary, daughter of William Winston, of Hanover, 
 and his children were Francis, Daniel Ferrel, James O., 
 Barbara, the wife of J. Boucher Carr, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Rev. John D. Paxton, of Rockbridge, and Mary, the wife of 
 Achilles Broadhead, who succeeded William Woods as 
 County Surveyor, removed to Missouri, and was the father of 
 the late Hon. James O. Broadhead, of St. lyouis, and Pro- 
 fessor Garland C, of the University of Missouri. Francis 
 was in many ways a useful man, a physician, a teacher, an 
 editor, Secretary of the County Agricultural Society, Secre- 
 tary of the Faculty of the University, and for many years an 
 active magistrate. He also served as Sheriff in 1839. He 
 married first Virginia, daughter of Richard Terrell, and sec- 
 ondly Maria, daughter of Richard Morris. He had two sons, 
 Peter, who removed to Missouri, and the late F. E. G. He 
 lived in town in the one story frame in the rear of the late 
 Thomas Wood's, and in the country at Red Hill, where he 
 died in 1854. Daniel Ferrel succeeded his father at Bentivar, 
 married Emily, daughter of William Terrell, and died in 
 1847, leaving his estate to his son. Dr. W. G. Carr. James 
 O., married Mary, daughter of Richard H. Allen, lived at the 
 Meadows, the present residence of H. C. Michie, and near 
 the close of his life removed to Amherst, where he ,died in 
 1864. 
 
 William Carr was the patentee of upwards of four thou- 
 sand acres on the north fork of the Rivanna, above that 
 entered by Major Thomas Carr, and embracing the region 
 lying west of the Burnt Mills. He was also granted a tract 
 —11 
 
162 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 of four hundred acres on Buck Mountain Creek. These 
 entries were made from 1737 to 1740. After the death of 
 William, his widow Susan was married to Ivodowick O'Neal. 
 He had a son Thomas, and a daughter Phoebe, the wife of 
 Walter Chiles; these persons who sold portions of the land 
 above mentioned, belonged to Spotsylvania. A part of this 
 land also was the property of Mordecai Hord, during his 
 residence in the county. It is likely William had another 
 son named Charles, as in 1780 a part of the same land that 
 William had entered, and that "had formerly belonged to 
 Charles Carr," was sold by Walter Carr (presumably a son 
 of Charles) and his wife Klizabeth. 
 
 Three other Carrs, heads of families, lived on the west side 
 of the South West Mountain, south of Stony Point. What 
 relation they bore to each other, or to those already men- 
 tioned, is not known; but there can scarcely be a question 
 that they were all derived from the same source. Their 
 names were Gideon, Micajah and John. Gideon died in 1795. 
 His children were William, Thomas, Mary, the wife of 
 Thomas Travillian, John, Gideon, Nancy, the wife of Ben- 
 jamin Thurman, Micajah, Elizabeth, the wife of John Fitch, 
 and Meekins. It is probable most of the descendants of this 
 family emigrated to the West. A notice of the death of 
 Thomas Carr is extant, in which it is stated that he was the 
 son of Gideon Carr, a pioneer settler on the lyittle Mountain 
 in Albemarle, that he removed to Wilson County, Tennessee 
 in 1807, and that he died in 1821 in the seventy-ninth year 
 of his age. 
 
 Micajah died in 1812. He was at one time the owner of 
 Colle. He and his wife Elizabeth had ten children, Mary, 
 the wife of W. J. Blades, Martha, the wife of Daniel Shackel- 
 ford, Mildred, the wife of James Travillian, David, James, 
 John, Henley, the wife of Gideon C. Travillian, Sarah, the 
 wife of John H. Maddox, George, who in early life taught 
 school in Charlottesville, and at the time of his death in 1886 
 was the Nestor of the Albemarle bar, and Burton, who 
 removed to Green County, Kentucky. 
 
 John Carr was a successful man. He became the owner 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 163 
 
 by purchase of more than fifteen hundred acres in different 
 parts of the county. He died in 1809. He and his wife 
 Elizabeth had nine children, David, who married Eliza, 
 daughter of Achilles Bowcock, Thomas D., Mary, the wife 
 of Wiley Dickerson, Malinda, the wife of Drury Wood, 
 Nancy, the wife of Allen Jones, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Thomas Salmon, Sarah, the wife of James Early, Anderson, 
 who removed to Montgomery County, Tennessee, and John 
 F. , who removed to Nelson County. 
 
 CARTER. 
 
 John Carter obtained in 1730 the grant of nine thousand, 
 three hundred and fifty acres, which embraced the whole of 
 what is still called Carter's Mountain. It seems strange he 
 should have taken up a rugged mountain, when the whole 
 country lay before him to choose from, the Biscuit Run 
 valley, the fair campaign between Moore's and Meadow 
 Creeks, the fertile lands of Ivy, the North and South Gar- 
 dens, and the Rich Cove; but perchance, having spent all 
 his days in the tidewater district, wearied with its flatness, 
 and languid from its malaria, the breezy summits of the 
 mountains had a peculiar charm in his eyes. He was the 
 eldest son of Robert (King) Carter, and was made Secretary 
 of the Colony in 1721 ; for which appointment it is said he 
 paid fifteen hundred pounds sterling. He also patented 
 ten thousand acres on Piney and Buffalo Rivers in Amherst. 
 He died in 1742, about two years before the formation of 
 Albemarle ; hence the title frequently given him in the early 
 records in connection with places associated with his name, 
 the late Secretary's Ford, Road, Mill, &c. He never lived 
 in the county, but had in it two establishments, both fur- 
 nished with a large number of servants, the Mill improvement 
 on the west side of the mountain, on the north fork of 
 Hardware, and the other on the east side called Clear Mount, 
 perhaps the same with Redlands, or Blenheim. His eldest 
 son Charles succeeded to his patrimonial estate in I<ancas- 
 ter, but his lands in Albemarle were given to his son Edward. 
 Edward married Sarah Champe, and in his early life lived 
 
164- HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 in Fredericksburg, but in his latter years spent much of his 
 time at Blenheim. He represented the county in the House 
 of Burgesses with Dr. Thomas Walker from 1767 to 1769, 
 and in the House of Delegates with George Nicholas in 1788. 
 He died in 1792. His children were John, Charles, Sdward, 
 William Champe, Hill, George, Whitaker, Robert, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of William Stanard, uncle of Judge Robert 
 Stanard, Sarah, the. wife of her cousin George Carter, Jane, 
 the wife of Major Verminet, Mary, the wife of Francis T. 
 Brooke, Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Ann W. Troup. 
 
 Charles married Elizabeth, daughter of Fielding Lewis, 
 and among his children was Maria, the wife of Professor 
 George Tucker, of the University, and mother of Eliza, wife 
 of Professor Gessner Harrison, and Maria, second wife of 
 George Rives. 
 
 Edward married Mary R., daughter of Colonel Charles 
 I/ewis, of North Garden, and had among other children by 
 this marriage Dr. Charles Carter. His second wife was 
 Lucy, daughter of Valentine Wood and Lucy Henry, sister 
 of the famous orator. He sold his possessions in Albemarle, 
 and removed to Amherst. 
 
 William Champe married Maria Farley, lived at one time 
 at Viewmont, which he purchased from Governor Edmund 
 Randolph, and subsequently removed to Culpeper. His 
 daughter Elizabeth became the wife of Samuel Sterrow, of 
 that county. Hill lived in Amherst, and married there it, is 
 said, a Miss Rose. 
 
 George became insane, and was no doubt suffering from 
 mental derangement, when in 1800 he was bound over for 
 challenging James Lewis, and a few days after killed Samuel 
 Burch. Mr. Jefferson in a letter to his daughter dated' July 
 fourth refers to this event : "A murder in our neighborhood 
 is the theme of present conversation. George Carter shot 
 Burch of Charlottesville in his own door, and on very slight 
 provocation. He died in a few minutes. The examining 
 Court meets to morrow." As the result of the trial, he was 
 sent to the Asylum, where he continued until his death in 
 1816. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 165 
 
 Whitaker never married, and squandered his property by 
 dissipation. He died in Charlottesville in 1821. A year or 
 two before his death he conveyed to his sister-in-law, Mrs. 
 Mary Eliza Carter, one-seventh and one-twelfth of a parcel 
 of land in Fluvanna, about twenty-five acres near Scott's 
 Ferry, devised by Edward Carter to his seven youngest sons ; 
 in the consideration for this fag-end of a handsome estate, 
 "for kindness, pecuniary and other favors," there was some- 
 thing sadly pathetic. 
 
 Robert married Mary Eliza, daughter of John Coles. He 
 lived at Redlands, just east of Carter's Bridge, where he died 
 comparatively young in 1810. His children were John Coles, 
 who married Ellen Monroe Bankhead, was a magistrate, was 
 once the owner of Farmington, and moved to Missouri. Rob- 
 ert H., who succeeded his father at Redlands, was admitted 
 to the bar, was appointed a magistrate, and married Margaret 
 Smith, a granddaughter of Gov. W. C. Nicholas, Mary, 
 the first wife of George Rives, and Sarah, the wife of Dr. 
 Benjamin F. Randolph. 
 
 CLARK. 
 
 Christopher Clark was a large land owner in Louisa, and 
 obtained grants within the present limits of Albemarle in 
 1732. He was a Quaker, and with his son Bowling was 
 overseer of a Friends' Meeting House, which was situated 
 on land he had entered near the Sugar Loaf peak of the South 
 West Mountain. He and Bowling also took out patents on 
 Totier Creek. Numerous tracts in the eastern part of the 
 county were owned by the Clark family. John in 1778 pur- 
 chased from Robert Nelson, of Yorktown, more than two 
 thousand acres on Mechunk, which were patented in 1733 
 by Thomas Darsie, and which Clark sold the same year to 
 James Quarles and Joseph Brand. As well as can be ascer- 
 tained, Christopher and his wife Penelope had five sons and 
 four daughters, Edward, Bowling, Micajah, John, Christo- 
 pher, Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Anthony, who entered 
 two thousand and forty acres in Biscuit Run valley, and 
 moved to Bedford County, and a number of whose descend- 
 
166 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 ants intermarried with members of the Cabell family, Sarah, 
 the wife of Charles Lynch, Rachel, the wife of Thomas 
 Moorman, and the wife of Benjamin Johnson. 
 
 The most of the family removed to Bedford, now Campbell 
 County. In 1754 EJdward and Bowling were overseers of 
 the Friends' South River Meeting House, located on L,ynch's 
 Branch of Blackwater Creek, three or four miles from I,ynch- 
 burg. Micajah married Judith, daughter of Robert Adams, 
 and his children it is believed were Micajah, Robert, Jacob and 
 William. Robert married Susan, daughter of John Hender- 
 son Sr. , and followed his relatives to Bedford ; his children 
 were Robert, the first manufacturer of iron in Kentucky, 
 James, Governor of Kentucky when he died in 1839, and 
 Bennett, the father and grandfather of the two John Bullock 
 Clarks, who were both members of Congress from Missouri, 
 and both Generals in the Confederate army. William was 
 deputy sheriff for John Marks in 1786, and was empowered 
 by the I,egislature on account of his chief's removal to sell 
 lands delinquent for taxes. He was also a magistrate of the 
 county, and died in 1800. His sons were Jacob, James and 
 Micajah, and his widow Elizabeth (Allen) Clark is remem- 
 bered by many as the proprietor of Clarksville, an excellent 
 house of entertainment near Keswick, recently the country 
 seat of James B. Pace, of Richmond. James was a magis- 
 trate, married Margaret, daughter of Thomas W. I,ewis, of 
 Locust Grove, and in 1836 with most of the Lewis family 
 emigrated to Missouri. Micajah became a physician, and 
 was for many years a successful practitioner in Richmond. 
 
 CLARKSON. 
 
 Five Clarksons filled a considerable space in the early his- 
 tory of the county, Peter, John, William, James and Ma- 
 noah. There is documentary evidence that three of these 
 were brothers, John, William and James, sons of David 
 Clarkson, who came from Amherst; it is probable the other 
 two were also brothers in the same family. There seems 
 moreover to have been three sisters, Mary, the wife of Thomas 
 Carr, Susan, the wife of John Lewis, the father of Jesse, and 
 Letitia, the wife of Zebulon Alphin. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 167 
 
 Peter began to purchase land in 1770, buying two hundred 
 and fifty acres from John Senter, not far from the present Rio 
 Station, which he and his wife Ann sold soon after to Thomas 
 Carr. Possessing apparently a large amount of money just 
 after the Revolution, he purchased during the decade of 1780 
 nearly three thousand acres, lying on Spring Creek near 
 Whitehall, south of Ivy Depot, and in the neighborhood of 
 the Burnt Mills. On this last tract he made his home until his 
 death in 1814. His children were KHzabeth, William, Julius, 
 Mary, the wife of Richard Harrison, David, and Ann, the wife 
 of Mann Townley. William and Julius were merchants in 
 Milton, but the former removed to Bourbon County, Ken- 
 tucky. Julius married Mary, daughter of Jesse I,ewis, and 
 died in 1812 . His widow afterwards became the wife of John 
 H. Craven, and his only child, Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas 
 W. Maury. David received a part of his father's place at the 
 mouth of Priddy's Creek, where he died early. He and his 
 wife l/ucy, daughter of Joseph Morton, had four children, 
 Joseph Morton, who emigrated to Alabama, KHzabeth, the 
 wife of Richard D. Simms, Mary, the wife of James Collins, 
 of Madison, and Nancy, the wife of Francis Catterton. Ann, 
 the venerable widow of Peter, died in 1822, in the eighty- 
 eighth year of her age. 
 
 John and William settled beside each other, west of the 
 road between Hydraulic Mills and the Bowcock place. John 
 bought upwards of five hundred acres from Major John Wood, 
 and William upwards of four hundred from David Wood. 
 A place of business existed somewhere on their land, known as 
 Clarkson's Store, in all likelihood conducted by both, as both 
 were alike overtaken by business disaster. In 1807 they con- 
 veyed their farms to the same trustees to secure debts due 
 William Brown & Co. of Richmond, and within nine years 
 both farms were sold by the trustees, that of William to 
 George Crank, and that of John to Nelson Barksdale. In 
 1820 John and his wife Nancy made another conveyance to 
 Barksdale, perhaps to dispose of the dower, in consideration 
 of a life estate in fifty-nine acres. It is not known whether 
 either of the brothers had children, but it is thought that 
 
168 HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLE 
 
 James Clarkson, who married Maria, daughter of David 
 Wood, was the son of John and Nancy. 
 
 James Clarkson made his home in the forks of Hardware, 
 his place embracing the mouth of Eppes Creek, and being 
 the same afterwards owned by the young patriot, Roberts 
 Coles, and now in the possession of Tucker Coles. He 
 bought it from William Champe Carter in 1799. He suffered 
 from the burden of debt, and to secure it placed his property 
 under a deed of trust ; but he must have arranged his affairs 
 successfully, as in 1828 he and his wife Elizabeth sold his farm 
 to Thomas Maupin, son of William. He died in 1829 at the 
 advanced age of ninety-five. A son Reuben removed to 
 Meade County, Kentucky, and another, Julius, married 
 Margaret M., daughter of John Thomas. Julius died about 
 1835, and in 1838 his widow was married to Robert Cash- 
 mere. 
 
 Manoah Clarkson advanced in the course of life more 
 slowly, but more surely. In 1777 he bought nearly three 
 hundred acres on Ivy Creek near the Barracks, which he 
 sold two years later to John Harvie. He then rented from 
 Garland Carr in the forks of the Rivanna. At length he 
 purchased from David Anderson six hundred acres three or 
 four miles south of Charlottesville, a part of the old Carter 
 tract, where he lived until his death in 1829 in his eighty- 
 eighth year. He was twice married, and had twelve children, 
 Mary, the wife of Jeremiah A. Goodman, Nancy, the wife of 
 Jesse l/cwis, Jane, the wife of Thomas Ammonett, Mildred, 
 the wife of Nathan Goodman, who went to Kentucky, James, 
 Anselm, who moved to Kentucky, Frances, the wife of M. 
 C. Darnell, Dorothy, Malinda, the wife of John H. Carr, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of William Watkins, Charlotte, the wife 
 of Edmund Hamner, and Martha, the wife of Dudley Jones. 
 
 COCHRAN. 
 
 John Cochran came to Charlottesville from Augusta County 
 about 1825. For years he was one of the leading merchants 
 of the town, occupying the store on the southwest corner of 
 Jefferson and Fifth Streets, and residing in the building im- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 169 
 
 mediately to the west. He was a man of energy and sound 
 judgment, and achieved great success. In 1829, at the sale 
 of lots in Anderson's Addition, he purchased a parcel of 
 ground on Park Street, where he erected the large brick man- 
 sion, in which he lived until his death in 1883, at the age of 
 eighty-six. He was appointed a magistrate of the county in 
 1843. His wife was Margaret I/ynn, daughter of Major John 
 I^ewis, of Sweet Springs , and his children were Judge John 1,., 
 Margaret, the wife of John M. Preston, Howe P., Henry K., 
 William Lynn, and George M. Mr. Cochran owned the mill 
 on Meadow Creek that had formerly belonged to John H. 
 Craven, and has left his name associated with it, and the ad- 
 joining pond; which however in the ever-changing move- 
 ments of time has already become a thing of the past. 
 
 COCKE. 
 
 James Powell Cocke, of Henrico, went to Augusta County 
 in 1783, and bought from Rev. James Waddell, the blind 
 preacher. Spring Hill, the old Patton place, that lay at the 
 west foot of the Blue Ridge. In 1787 he came over to Albe- 
 marle, and purchased from Robert Nelson, son of President 
 William Nelson, sixteen hundred acres, situated where the 
 south fork of Hardware breaks through the mountain, one of 
 the tracts patented in the name of Mildred Meriwether. He 
 fixed his residence on the east side of Fan's Mountain, and 
 the west edge of the Eppes Creek valley, on the place recently 
 owned by J. Henry Yates. He first built the mill which has 
 ever since continued in that vicinity, and which for many 
 years went by his name. His death occurred in 1829. He 
 was twice married, first to Elizabeth Archer, and secondly to 
 lyucy Smith, and his children were James Powell, who mar- 
 ried Martha Ann Lewis, but died without children in 1811, 
 Smith, who died unmarried in 1835, Chastain, who also died 
 unmarried in 1838, Mary, the wife of Dr. Charles Carter, and 
 Martha, the second wife of V. W. Southall. 
 
 Charles Cocke, a nephew of the elder James P., came from 
 Southampton County in 1815, and bought from Rezin Porter 
 the farm about two miles west of Porter's Precinct, on which 
 
170 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 he lived during his life, and which is now in the possession 
 of the lyane brothers. He was a physician, though it is be- 
 lieved he never practised in this county. He was an active 
 politician, and from 1822 to 1843 was at times a member of 
 the House of Delegates, and afterwards of the State Senate. 
 He was appointed a magistrate in 1819, and was serving as 
 Sheriff at the time the Constitution of 1850 became operative, 
 and the office of Justice of the Peace was made elective. It 
 is said he sued the county for the salary which would have 
 accrued, had his term reached its usual end; but it is hardly 
 supposable the sovereign power of a popular convention could 
 not cut short any office. After some change in his politics, 
 he was defeated as a candidate, and at a Fourth of July din- 
 ner occurring shortly after, the circumstance gave rise to the 
 following toast: "Dr. Charles Cocke, of Albemarle, a dead 
 cock in the pit, killed in wheeling." His wife was Sarah 
 Taylor, and he had one daughter, Charlotte, who became the 
 wife of William Gordon, of Nelson. 
 
 The distinguished and eccentric General John H. Cocke, 
 of Fluvanna, though never a citizen of this county, was yet 
 much interested in its affairs through his connection with 
 the University. He was prominent among those who labored 
 for its establishment, and was one of its first Board of Visit- 
 ors. He was an earnest promoter of the cause of Temper- 
 ance, and in his efforts to this end, especially to guard the 
 students from temptations to inebriety, he purchased nearly 
 fifty acres of land on the south side of the University Street, 
 extending from the corner near the Dry Bridge to the Junction 
 Depot, and built a large hotel in which no liquor was to be 
 allowed, and which he named the Delavan, from his eminent 
 friend and coadjutor in the cause, of Albany, N. Y. The 
 hotel had a wall in front, flanked with heavy pillars, and 
 covered with stucco stained with the tawny hue of the Albe- 
 marle clay; and from this peculiarity it acquired the popular 
 soubriquet of Mudwall. The hotel has long since gone, but 
 its site is occupied by the Delavan Colored Church ; and to 
 this day there is a struggle for the pre-eminency between the 
 names of Delavan and Mudwall. The public-spirited scheme 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 171 
 
 t)f the good General was premature; like many other well- 
 laid plans of mice and men, it went agley. 
 
 Another person of the same name, prominent in the Green- 
 wood neighborhood, was John S. Cocke. He was settled in 
 that section as early as 1824. In 1827 he bought from Elijah 
 May the tavern which had been well known from the begin- 
 ning of the century under the conduct of Colonel Charles 
 Yancey and May, but which under Cocke's management 
 became still more widely celebrated for its admirable fare 
 among the throngs journeying to the Virginia Springs. As 
 in the case of many noted hostelries in the county, the advent 
 of the railroads destroyed his business. He was a magis- 
 trate under the old system, and was active in public affairs. 
 Pecuniary troubles overtook him in his old age, and his last 
 days were spent in Charlottesville, where he died in 1879. 
 
 COLE. 
 
 In 1778 William Cole, a citizen of Charles City County, 
 purchased from John Jones upwards of a thousand acres in 
 North Garden, just north of Tom's Mountain. His wife 
 was Susanna Watson, a sister it is believed of William 
 Watson, who settled in North Garden in 1762. His children 
 were William, John, Mary, the wife of Thomas Woolfolk, 
 Nancy, the wife of Edmund Anderson, Sarah, Susan, the 
 wife of Jasper Anderson, Richard, Joseph and Elizabeth, 
 the wife of Joseph H. Irvin. The most of the sons never 
 lived in the county, their father leaving them portions of his 
 large estate below Richmond. He devised- to Joseph his 
 Albemarle land, on which he, his mother and sisters appear 
 to have had their dwelling. The father died in 1802, Joseph 
 in 1812, and his mother in 1814. In 1815 the land was sold, 
 part to Norborne K. Thomas & Co., of Richmond, and 
 part to Stephen Moore; a considerable portion of it subse- 
 quently came into the possession of Atwell and Philip Edge. 
 For many years after the estate had passed into the hands 
 of strangers, Miss Sarah Cole, whose residence was in Rich- 
 mond, was accustomed to pay annual visits to the old home, 
 where the remains of many of her kindred lay buried. 
 
172 history of albkmarle 
 
 coi.es. 
 
 The main body of the land on which the Coles family re- 
 sided, was granted to Francis Eppes in 1730, who received 
 a patent for six thousand, five hundred acres. He devised 
 it to his sons Richard and William. They sold three thou- 
 sand acres to John Coles, but their deed was never admitted 
 to record, because proved by only two witnesses. In 1777 
 Francis Eppes, son of Richard, with his wife Elizabeth, made 
 a conveyance of the tract to Mr. Coles, and acknowledged it 
 before Thomas Jefierson and George Gilmer as magistrates. 
 
 John Coles' father, John, came to this country from Ennis- 
 corthy, Ireland, and established himself in Hanover Countyj 
 Virginia, where he married Mary Winston. His children were 
 Walter, Sarah, Mary, the wife of John Payne, and mother of 
 Dorothy, President Madison's wife, John, and Isaac, who 
 lived in Halifax County, and was a member of Congress 
 from that district. John settled in Albemarle on the land 
 above mentioned. He married Rebecca E. Tucker, who 
 first drew the breath of life in the historic city of Jamestown. 
 His children were Walter, John, Isaac, Tucker, Edward, 
 Rebecca, the wife of Richard Singleton, of South Carolina, 
 Mary Eliza, the wife of Robert Carter, Sarah, the wife of 
 Andrew Stevenson, Elizabeth, and Emily, the wife of John 
 Rutherford, of Richmond. John Coles died in 1808, and his 
 wife in 1826. 
 
 Walter was a magistrate of the county, but soon resigned. 
 His home was at Woodville, the present residence of Charles 
 Shaw, where he died in 1854, at the age of eighty-two. He 
 married first Eliza, daughter of Bowler Cocke, of Turkey 
 Island, and secondly Sarah, daughter of John Swann, of 
 Powhatan. His children were Walter, who succeeded his 
 father at Woodville, who married Ann E. Carter, and who 
 was the father of Dr. Walter, of St. I^ouis, and of Sarah and 
 Elizabeth, still residing near the old home, and Edward, 
 who was given a farm about five miles south of Charlottes - 
 ville, which his father bought from William T. Henderson 
 in 1806, who married I^etitia, daughter of Rezin Wheat, and 
 who died in 1883. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE l73 
 
 John married Selina Skipwith, of Mecklenburg. His home 
 was Estouteville, where he died in 1848. He left three sons, 
 John, who lived near Warren, Peyton, who married his 
 cousin Isaetta, and succeeded his father at Bstouteville, where 
 he died in 1887, and Tucker, whose present residence is 
 Viewmont. 
 
 Isaac A. was a member of the Albemarle bar, for a time 
 President Jefferson's private secretary, and a member of the 
 House of Delegates. He lived at Enniscorthy, married 
 Mrs. Julia Strieker Rankin, widow of Hon. Christopher 
 Rankin, of I^ouisiana, and had two children, Isaetta and 
 Strieker. He died in 1841 , and his wife in 1876. Tucker also 
 represented the county in the House of Delegates. He mar- 
 ried Helen Skipwith, of Mecklenburg, and died without 
 children at Tallwood in 1861 . 
 
 Kdward, the youngest son of John Coles, was the private 
 secretary of President Madison, sold the plantation on Rock- 
 fish River left him by his father, and in 1818 removed to Illi- 
 nois, carrying with him all his slaves, giving them their 
 freedom, and settling them by families on farms near Edwards- 
 ville. He was appointed by Mr. Monroe first Governor of the 
 Territory of Illinois, was elected its second Governor when 
 it became a State, and having made an earnest and success- 
 ful struggle against a party seeking to make it a slave State, 
 he removed to Philadelphia in 1832. He there married Sarah 
 I/. Roberts, and died in 1868. He had three children, one of 
 whom, Roberts, came to Virginia, lived on the old Clarkson 
 farm on the south fork of Hardware, was a Captain in the 
 Confederate army, and fell on Roanoke Island in 1862. His 
 remains were brought for interment to the Coles cemetery at 
 EJnniscorthy. 
 
 CRAVEN. 
 
 The parents of JohnH. Craven belonged to Bucks County, 
 Pennsylvania. He himself came to Albemarle from Loudoun 
 County in 1800; in that year he became a renter from 
 Mr. Jefferson of the land that now comprises the farm 
 of Tufton. The lease was evidently drawn by Mr. Jeffer- 
 son in the clear and exact language with which he 
 
174 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI<E 
 
 usually wrote, mentioning the fields each by its own namCj 
 and the order of their crops, and providing for the pay- 
 ment of the rent in gold and silver, and the continuance 
 of the ratio between them at that time existing, even 
 though it might be changed by law during the term of the 
 lease. Before its expiration — it was to run for five years — Cra- 
 ven began to purchase land from Isaac Miller, and from Tucker 
 and Samuel H. Woodson, till he was the owner of more than 
 six hundred acres lying north and northwest of Charlottes- 
 ville. In 1819 he bought from Richard Sampson, Pen Park, 
 then containing four hundred acres, and two years later from 
 the same person nearly five hundred acres on the east side of 
 the Rivanna; so that his possessions extended from the top 
 of Rich Mountain to Meadow Creek, opposite the present res- 
 idence of H. C. Michie. He owned the mill now known as 
 Cochran's, but then called the Park Mills. He was consid- 
 ered one of the best farmers of the county. After the death 
 of his first wife Elizabeth, he married Mary, widow of Julius 
 Clarkson, and daughter of Jesse Ivewis. His children were 
 John D. , who married Jane Wills, George W., who married 
 Susan, daughter of Alexander St. C. Heiskell, William, who 
 married Kllen Craven, his cousin, removed to Illinois, and 
 died in Jacksonville in that State in 1868, Elizabeth, the 
 wife of Stapleton C. Sneed, Amanda, the wife of Malcolm F. 
 Crawford, and Sarah, the wife of Robert W. Ivewis. All 
 these were the parents of large families, and their descend- 
 ants have for the most part emigrated to other sections of the 
 country. The old home of John D. Craven on Rose Hill, 
 still occupied by his remaining children, is the only portion 
 of the great estate now belonging to the name. John H. 
 Craven died in 1845. 
 
 DABNEY. 
 
 In 1759 John Dabney, of Hanover, bought from Joel Ter- 
 rell and David I<ewis four hundred acres, and from Joel 
 Terrell four hundred more, which included the present Bird- 
 wood plantation, and the oldest tavern perhaps in all the 
 section, called at the time Terrell's Ordinary. In 1764 Wil- 
 liam Dabney, a brother, purchased from Archibald Wood& 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 175 
 
 four hundred acres on Mechum's River, above the Depot of 
 that name. John soon returned to Hanover. William sold 
 his place in 1768 to William Shelton, and John having died 
 in the meantime, his trustees sold his land in 1773, six hun- 
 dred acres of it to James Kerr, and the remainder to Robert 
 Anderson. 
 
 In 1803 William S. Dabney came to the county, and 
 bought from Wilson C. Nicholas nearly nine hundred acres 
 on the head waters of Ballenger's and Green Creeks, now in 
 the possession of Kdward Coles. He died in 1813. His wife 
 was Sarah Watson, of Green Spring, Louisa, and his 
 children were Maria, the wife of Colonel Samuel Can, James, 
 Walter, William S., May Senora, the wife of Benjamin M. 
 Perkins, and I^ouisa, the wife of William M. Woods. Walter 
 removed to Arkansas. William S. succeeded his father in 
 the possession of the farm. He was a man of decided 
 efficiency and success, both in his private business and in 
 matters of public concern. He was appointed a magistrate 
 in 1835, and entrusted with many affairs of importance by 
 his brethren of the county bench. His taste was relied on 
 as well as his judgment. In 1856 when improvements to the 
 courthouse were conternplated, a plan reported by him was 
 adopted, according to which the present enclosure and pave- 
 ments of the Square were made. In 1846 he purchased Dun- 
 lora, Colonel Samuel Carr's old place, whither he removed, 
 and where he died in 1865. He married Susan Gordon, and 
 his family had the unusual distinction of having two sons 
 occupy leading professorships in the University of Virginia, 
 William C. in the Medical Faculty and Walter in that of 
 I/aw. 
 
 Mildred, daughter of Samuel Dabney and his wife Jane 
 Meriwether, of Hanover, was the wife of Dr. Reuben I^ewis, 
 brother of the celebrated explorer. She died at her home near 
 Ivy Depot in 1851. 
 
 DAVIS. 
 
 Isaac Davis in 1769 bought from the Webb family, of New 
 Kent County, eight hundred acres on the north fork of the 
 Rivanna, near Webb's Mountain. His deed for this land 
 
176 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 was witnessed by the great orator, Patrick Henry, and was 
 probably drawn by him. He was one of the early magis- 
 trates of the county. Dr. George Gilmer in a letter to Mr. 
 Jefferson at the outbreak of the Revolution, refers to him; 
 mentioning his leading the Albemarle company to Williams- 
 burg, he speaks of old Isaac Davis marching at the head of 
 the troop, as an indication of the determined and zealous 
 spirit that animated the people. Many years were allotted 
 the old patriot after the close of the war, his death not 
 occurring till 1805. His children were William, Elizabeth, 
 the wife of Richard Durrett, Isaac, who married Harriet, 
 daughter of Garland Garth, and Robert. 
 
 John A. G. Davis came to Albemarle from Middlesex, 
 and engaged in the practice of law. In 1828 he was associ- 
 ated with Thomas W. Gilmer in the publication of the Vir- 
 ginia Advocate. In 1830 he was chosen to occupy the 
 professorship of I,aw in the University of Virginia, as the 
 successor of John T. I,omax. His death took place in 1840. 
 He married Mary Jane, daughter of Richard Terrell and his 
 wife Martha, who was the daughter of Dabney Carr and 
 Martha, sister of Mr. Jefferson. His children were Eugene, 
 Dr. John Staige, Rev. Dabney C. T., Rev. Richard T., and 
 Caryetta, wife of Robert C. Saunders. 
 
 DAWSON. 
 
 The name of Dawson has place in the records from the 
 beginning of the countj'. At the first meeting of the County 
 Court, Martin Dawson was appointed to appraise the estate 
 of Charles Blaney in the vicinity of the Cove, In 1747 he 
 patented three hundred acres on Buck Island, which he sold 
 in 1761 to John Burrus. He lived onBallenger's Creek, and 
 was no doubt the father of Rev. Martin Dawson, one of the 
 earliest Baptist preachers of Albemarle. The son com- 
 menced preaching during the Revolutionary War, and as soon 
 as the statute of religious freedom was passed, giving to 
 non- Episcopal ministers a license to solemnize the rite of 
 marriage, he was greatly in demand in this respect as well 
 as in the pulpit. He supplied the Baptist churches through- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 177 
 
 out the county, but his labors were chiefly given to the 
 Totier Church, which was commonly called by his name. 
 His home was on a farm of more than five hundred acres, 
 which lay southeast of Hughes's Shop, and there he finished 
 his earthly course in 1821: His wife's name was Elizabeth, 
 and of his twelve children, Martin, the eldest, removed to 
 Gallia County, Ohio, John in 1812 to Mississippi Territory, 
 and Elijah, who married Martha, daughter of Benajah Gentry, 
 to Missouri. Another son, Allen, married I^ucy, daughter 
 of Christopher Wingfield, and was for a number of years a 
 citizen of Charlottesville, a magistrate, clerk of the town 
 trustees, and deputy Suveyor of the county. He also taught 
 school, first on his farm four or five miles south of town, 
 and afterwards at his house on Main Street near east Third, 
 which from his institution, and the Female Seminary, being 
 located thereon, received its former name of School Street- 
 Notwithstanding his multifarious occupations, he was un- 
 successful. Accumulated debts constrained the sale of his 
 property piece by piece, till all was gone. A daughter of 
 Rev. Martin, Elizabeth, was the wife of Reuben Elsom, who 
 lived in the southern part of the county. 
 
 As early as 1757, John Dawson, whose wife was Sarah 
 Carroll, was living on the waters of Carroll Creek. Did he 
 remove to Amherst, now Nelson, and was he the father of 
 Martin, the well known merchant of Milton? Certain it is, 
 that Martin's father was named John, that his place was in 
 Nelson, not far from Faber's Mills, and that he was the 
 brother of Rev. Martin's father. Martin was one of nine 
 children. He established himself in Milton shortly after it 
 was founded, at first apparently connected with Brown, Rives 
 & Co.; and he continued to be associated with the village, 
 until its business was wholly absorbed by Charlottesville 
 and Scottsville. By his diligence, thrift and good judgment, 
 he amassed a considerable fortune. About 1822 he purchased 
 Beilairon the north side of Hardware below Carter's Bridge, 
 which had before belonged to Charles Wingfield Jr., and 
 there he made his residence until his death in 1835. He 
 —12 
 
178 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 left a will so elaborately indited, that it was twice taken 
 before the Court of Appeals for construction. In his desire 
 to promote popular education, he directed that an academy 
 should be established at each of the three places, Milton, 
 Bellair, and his father's old homestead in Nelson ; that suit- 
 able buildings should be erected both for teachers and 
 scholars; and that their advantages should be assigned in 
 the first place to the boys of Albemarle and Nelson. Having 
 a premonition that these provisions might be adjudged 
 invalid, he directed that in case they were set aside, his 
 property at the places mentioned should be sold, the pro- 
 ceeds transferred to the Iviterary Fund of the State, and the 
 interest devoted to the cause of education in the two counties 
 specified. The latter bequest was approved by the judg- 
 ment of the Court. He also prescribed the enclosing of ten 
 acres at the old homestead in Nelson as a family burial place , 
 where he enjoined his own remains to be interred. Besides 
 his private business, he was much employed in that of the 
 county. He was appointed a magistrate in 1806, and fre- 
 quently occupied a seat on the bench of the County Court. 
 He never married. 
 
 A brother. Pleasant Dawson, was the owner of nearly 
 fifteen hundred acres on the lower Hardware. He was 
 engaged in milling operations, in the prosecution of which 
 he was involved in a long litigation with lyittlebury Moon. 
 He died unmarried in 1826. A sister, Nancy, was the wife 
 of Rev. Hugh White, a Baptist minister, who was for a time 
 a lot holder both in Charlottesville and Milton. 
 
 Another brother was John S. Dawson, the father of seven 
 children, some of whose representatives are at present resi- 
 dents of the county. His son, Benjamin, married Dorothy 
 Childress, and of their children Benjamin H. lives at the 
 western foot of Still House Mountain, and Andrew, and 
 Agnes, the wife of Peter Turner, about two miles south of 
 Porter's Precinct. Another son of John S , was Pleasant I/. , 
 whose daughter Jane, the wife of Dr. Isaac F. Forbes, 
 recently died in Charlottesville, at the house of her son-in- 
 law, Harrison Robertson, and whose son, John ly., still 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 179 
 
 lives on the lower Hardware, where he has long and use- 
 fully discharged the ofi&ce of Justice of the Peace. Pleasant's 
 widow, Mahala, survives in the enjoyment of a green old 
 age, and forms a link between this and former generations. 
 
 DEDMAN. 
 
 Samuel Dedman came to Albemarle from I^ouisa in 1768. 
 He settled in the Ragged Mountains, about a mile below 
 the Reservoir, where he purchased two hundred acres from 
 William T. I^ewis. He died in 1800. He and his wife 
 Mary had a large family, John, Samuel, Richmond, Bart- 
 lett, Nathan, who married Elizabeth, daughter of William 
 Gooch, and from whom are descended Rev. Neander Woods, 
 of Memphis,, and Rev. William H. Woods, of Baltimore, 
 Dixon, Sarah, the second wife of John Everett, Susan, Nancy, 
 the wife of Moses Clack, and Mary, the wife of John Simms. 
 They all eventually emigrated to the West, some to south- 
 west Virginia, and others to Kentucky. Bartlett lived for a 
 few years in Charlottesville. He built a dwelling on a lot 
 he purchased from John Nicholas at the foot of Fourth 
 Street east, which he sold in 1801 to William Waller Hening. 
 Dixon was the last to remain in the county. He succeeded 
 to the property below the Reservoir. He was twice married, 
 first to Sarah, daughter of John Buster, and secondly to 
 Sarah Drumheller. He finally sold out about 1828, and 
 went West. 
 
 DICKERSON. 
 
 John Dickerson was settled in the north part of the county, 
 while yet it belonged to Louisa. He lived on the north fork 
 of the Rivanna, not far from Piney Mountain. He died in 
 1788. He and his wife Mary had three sons, John, William 
 and Thomas. Thomas died in 1807. His wife's name was 
 Mildred, and his children were Frances, the wife of Rev. 
 John Goodman, the wife of William Thurman, the wife of 
 John Crossthwait, Thomas, Wiley, who married Nancy, 
 daughter of Rev. Jacob Watts, GrifiB.th and Lucy. Another 
 Wiley, son of one of the other brothers, married in 1789 
 Mary, daughter of John Carr. He died in 1847. His chil- 
 
180 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 dren were William, Willis, Malinda, the wife of George W. 
 Turpin, Martha, the wife of Richard Simms Brockman, the 
 wife of B. C. Johnson, Mary, the wife of Elisha Thurman, 
 and Sarah, the wife of Archibald Duke. 
 
 DOLLINS. 
 
 The family of Dollins has been established in the county 
 from early times. The first of the name was Richard, who 
 in 1761 bought land on the head waters of Mechum's River, 
 and a few years later purchased from the Stockton family on 
 Virgin Spring Branch. He died in 1774. His wife's name 
 was Elizabeth, and his children were Ann, Presley, John and 
 William. John died in 1787. He and his wife Elizabeth had 
 six children, one of whom was John, who died in 1823, leav- 
 ing five sons and one daughter, John, Tyree, Richard, Jere- 
 miah, William, and Susan, who was the wife of a Poison. 
 Of this family, Jeremiah married a daughter of Nicholas Mer- 
 ritt, and died in 1856. Hischildren were Tyree, Martha, the 
 wife of William I,upton, John, Nicholas, Mary Ann, the wife 
 of a Rogers, and Sarah, the wife of a Baber. Some of the 
 earliest nurseries in the county were planted by members of 
 this family, and on this account the name is well known in 
 connection with the cultivation of fruit. 
 
 DOUGLASS. 
 
 A family of Douglass was living in the Cove neighborhood 
 as early as 1751, two of which were James and George, 
 probably brothers. They were among the first members of 
 the Cove Presbyterian Church. George died in 1785. 
 
 Three brothers named Douglass resided in the north part 
 of the county in 1761, Charles, Thomas and John. Their 
 farms were situated on the Barboursville Road near the Or- 
 ange line. Charles married a daughter of Robert and Mourn- 
 ing Adams, and died in 1823. His children were Robert and 
 Charles, to whom he gave lands he owned in Kentucky, and 
 who removed to that State, Ann, the wife of Joseph Timber - 
 lake, Judith, the wife of John Dickerson, and Sarah. 
 Thomas died in 1830, leaving four children, James, Achilles, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 181 
 
 Nancy and John. Achilles was appointed a magistrate in 
 1796, and acted a prominent part in the afiairs of the county. 
 He served as Sheriff in 1823. He married Nancy, daughter 
 of Jason Bowcock, and died in 1844. His home the latter 
 part of his life was on the north fork of Priddy's Creek, near 
 the present station of Burnley's. John Douglass Jr., married 
 Mildred Bowcock, a sister of Achilles's wife. 
 
 DOWELL. 
 
 John Dowell was one of the pioneers who broke the virgin 
 soil of the county. He obtained a patent for four hundred 
 acres on Priddy's Creek in 1738, and up to 1759 had received 
 grants of more than a thousand acres in that section. He 
 died, it is believed, sometime during the Revolutionary War. 
 He left at least four sons, John, who died in 1794, William, 
 who died in 1795, Ambrose, and Thomas, who died in 1815. 
 All had large families, and from them are descended those 
 who still bear the name in the county, besides others who 
 removed to different parts of the West. 
 
 DUKE. 
 
 James Duke, of Henrico, was the owner of two hundred 
 acres on Beaver Creek, in which he probably became inter- 
 ested through his kinsman James Burnley, both of whom 
 were descended Jrom the Englishman, John Burnley, before 
 referred to. He and his wife Mary disposed of this land in 
 1795 to George West. Cleviers Duke, of Louisa, also 
 descended from John Burnley, had two sons Richard and 
 James, who were settled in Albemarle. In 1806 Richard 
 married Maria, daughter of Thomas Walker Jr! In 1821 he 
 purchased from M. 1,. Walker and John Wren the Rivanna 
 Mills, afterwards known as the Burnt Mills, which they and 
 G. G. Lindsay had bought from Dabney Minor in 1819. He 
 was appointed a magistrate in 1819, served as Sheriff in 1847, 
 and died at Morea in 1849. His children were William J., 
 who married Emily Anderson, Lucy, who was the wife of 
 David Wood, and with him removed to west Tennessee, where 
 she was married secondly to John H. Bills, Mary J., the wife 
 
182 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 of William T. Smith, Mildred, the wife of Christopher Gilmer, 
 Sarah, the wife of Harvey Deskins, Martha, Margaret, the 
 wife of Robert Rodes, Charles and Richard T. W. R. T. 
 W. married Elizabeth Eskridge, of Staunton, taught school 
 in L,ewisburg, W. Va., was admitted to Albemarle bar in 
 1849, filled the office of Commonwealth's Attorney three 
 times, represented the county in the House of Delegates, was 
 a member of Congress, was Colonel of the Forty-Sixth Vir- 
 ginia in the civil war, and died in 1898. 
 
 James, the brother of Richard, was associated w'th him in 
 the management of the Rivanna Mills. In 1832 he purchased 
 from James McCuUoch the brick mill and store located at 
 Millington. Subsequently he established a mill on Rocky 
 Creek, where he spent his remaining days. He was 
 appointed to the county bench in 1838, and departed this life 
 in 1844. His wife was Miss Biggers, of Ivouisa, and his 
 children were Richard, who removed to Nelson County, 
 Horace, who removed to Mississippi, Charlotte, the wife of 
 Dr William G. Carr, and Lucy, the wife of Thomas Ballard. 
 A daughter of Richard became the wife of John Cole, and 
 resides where her grandfather died. 
 
 Alexander Duke, of Hanover, in 1835 married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Alexander Garrett. For some years he was con- 
 nected with Rev. Pike Powers, and afterwards with Charles 
 Slaughter, in conducting a high school at Midway. He was 
 the father of Mrs. Horace Jones. 
 
 DUNKUM. 
 
 Two brothers named Dunkum lived on the Carter's Bridge 
 Road south ofCharlottesviUe, in the early part of the century, 
 and both were efficient and prosperous farmers. William, 
 who resided nearer town at the place lately occupied by I,ord 
 Pelham-Clinton, and now by Mr. Harbottle, began his pur- 
 chase of land in 1803, and continued it until his plantation 
 comprised nearly a thousand acres. In 1837 he conveyed to 
 Ivcwis Teel, Robert Gentry and Jeremiah A. Goodman the 
 land on which stood the Piney Grove Baptist Church. He 
 died in 1846. His wife was Frances Gentry, and his chil- 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 183 
 
 dren were Mary Ann, the wife of I^ewis Sowell, William 1,., 
 Chesley, James T. , Frances, the wife of Jesse I/. Fry, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of Philip Edge, Martha, the wife of John H. 
 Barksdale, Susan, the wife of J. Ralls Abell, and Elijah, who 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Ficklin, and built 
 the large brick house on Ridge Street long occupied by the 
 late Dr. R. B. Dice. 
 
 John Dunkum lived about a mile south of his brother, where 
 he settled in 1807. His lands were in extent but little short 
 of those of William. He died in 1855. He married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Marshall Durrett, and his children were 
 James, Martha, the wife of William Pitts, Mary, the wife of 
 Chester BuUard, Elizabeth, Jane, and Sarah Ann, the first 
 wife of Philip Edge. 
 
 DURRETT. 
 
 The name of Durrett was connected with the territory of 
 Albemarle, while it was yet a part of Hanover. In 1737 Bar- 
 tholomew Durrett patented nearly three hundred acres on 
 Priddy's Creek, and the next year Richard patented three 
 hundred in the same section. A genealogical chart of the 
 Terrells in the possession of Gen. W. H. H. Terrell, of In- 
 dianapolis, states that Abigail, daughter of Henry Terrell and 
 Ann Chiles, of Caroline, was married to Colonel Durrett, of 
 Albemarle. If this refers to Colonel Richard, she must have 
 been a first wife. According to the records, the name of 
 Richard's wife was Sarah. He passed his days on Priddy's 
 Creek, and died in 1784. His children were Richard, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of Jacob Watts, Ann, the wife of Robert San- 
 ford, Frances, the wife of Frederick William Wills, Agatha, 
 the wife of William Flint, Mildred, the wife of a Williams, 
 the wife of Stephen K. Smith, and the wife of a Burrus. 
 
 Richard the younger, James Douglass and others bought 
 parts of a large tract of land on Priddy's Creek, which had 
 belonged to Roger Dixon. Dixon in 1766 had encumbered it 
 with a deed of trust for the benefit of James Harford, an 
 English merchant; and when the purchasers bought, they 
 perhaps regarded themselves safe under the acts of the lyCg- 
 islature barring the debts of British creditors. But Harford 
 
184 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI<E 
 
 brought suit against the claimants in the United States Court, 
 and about 1809 recovered judgment, so that they were obliged 
 to pay again for their shares. Durrett's share amounted to 
 five hundred and fifty acres. In 1772 he began purchasing 
 the tract adjoining Earlysville, on which he resided the 
 remainder of his life. He died in 1820. His wife was Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Isaac Davis, and his children John D., 
 Isaac W., Thomas, Davis, Robert D., Mildred, the wife of 
 James Simms, Susan, the wife of Thomas Garth, Elizabeth, 
 the wife of James Watts, Sarah, the wife of John Early, and 
 Frances, the wife of Archibald Buckner. John D. married 
 Frances Davis, and his children were Matilda, the wife of Wil- 
 liam Catter ton, Thomas, who married Emily Wood, Frances, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Daniel P. Key, Sarah, Isaac, and Rich- 
 ard W., who married I,ucy Twyman. Thomas married 
 Frances Simms, and his son Thomas married Mary, daughter 
 of James Early, and was the father of Dr. James T. , and 
 Frank. Robert D. married Elizabeth Price. 
 
 Two brothers of this name became residents of the Bates - 
 ville district the latter part of the last century. They came 
 from Caroline, and were no doubt of the same stock with 
 those just mentioned, though it seems impossible now to 
 trace the relationship. Marshall Durrett in 1783 purchased 
 from Robert Terrell nearly four hundred acres on the head 
 waters of Mechum's River, where he was living at the time; 
 and as the land he bought was part of that entered by Henry 
 Terrell, of Caroline, the Abigail Terrell already alluded to 
 may have been his first wife. In 1803 he purchased from 
 Robert Boiling in the North Garden, whither he removed and 
 resided until his death in 1834. He was appointed a magis- 
 trate in 1796, and served as Sheriff in 1819, succeeding 
 Charles Wingfield Jr., who at the time of his death had occu- 
 pied the office but a month. Marshall's wife was Dorothy, 
 daughter of John Digges, of Nelson, and his children Sarah, 
 the wife of Robert Field, Richard, Rice, Marcus, Silas, Ben- 
 jamin, Paul, Ann, the wife of William Morris, and afterwards 
 of John D. Rodes, Elizabeth, the wife of John Dunkum, and 
 John. Marcus succeeded his father in the home in North 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 185 
 
 Garden. He was also a magistrate, one of the last set 
 appointed under the old Constitution. He married Sarah 
 Ann, daughter of H. Carter Moore, and died in 1878. 
 
 James Durrett, the brother of Marshall, in 1799 purchased 
 land of John Epperson, where he resided until his death in 
 1822. His place was the same afterwards owned by C. W. 
 Purcell, of Richmond, Alton Park. He married Nancy 
 Digges, a sister of his brother's wife, and his children were 
 Frances, the wife of Richard Richardson, Sarah, the wife of 
 Horsley Goodman, William, Mildred, the wife of William 
 Bumgardner, Elizabeth.the wife of William McClunn, Nancy, 
 the wife of Colston Heiskell, who removed to Philadelphia, 
 James, who married Susan Goodman, John, who married 
 Mary Diggs, and Richard, who married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of William Piper. Many of the descendants of these 
 brothers removed to Kentucky and Missouri. 
 
 DYER. 
 
 Samuel Dyer appeared before the Albemarle Circuit Court 
 in October, 1835, to apply for a pension as a Revolutionary 
 soldier. He then stated that he was born October 8th, 1756, 
 and was in his eightieth year. His first purchase of land 
 was made in 1787 from Thomas Staples, consisting of five 
 hundred acres, and extending from Hudson's Creek to Totier, 
 in all likelihood embracing his home, Plain Dealing, where 
 he lived and died. His store, a well known place of business 
 in those days, was situated at the junction of the roads from 
 Staunton and Charlottesville to Scott's Landing. He was so 
 successful in his mercantile pursuits, that he soon became the 
 owner of more than twenty-two hundred acres. He estab- 
 lished extensive milling operations at Glendower. He was 
 much employed in public business, being appointed on 
 account of his integrity and sound judgment largely to 
 superintend matters of general concern in his section of the 
 county. He finished his earthly course in 1840, aged eighty- 
 four, and his venerable partner, whose name was Celia 
 Bickley, died the same year. 
 
 Their family consisted of eleven children, William H. 
 
186 HISTOKY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 who was appointed a magistrate in 1824, Ann, the wife of 
 George Robertson, Elizabeth, the wife of George M. Payne, 
 John, Thomas, Mary Jane, the wife of George A. Nicholson, 
 Martha, the wife of Joseph S. Watkins, Samuel, Francis B., 
 Robert and Sarah. During the decade of 1830 most of the 
 children emigrated to Missouri. Francis was one who re- 
 mained. For a number of years he was a prominent member 
 of the Albemarle bar. He built the brick house and office 
 on East Jefferson and Seventh Streets, now occupied by 
 Major Horace Jones. Obliged by business misfortune, in- 
 duced perhaps by extravagant living, to surrender this prop- 
 erty, he removed to the house on Park Street, the present 
 residence of Drury Wood, where he died in 1838. Many 
 now living remember him as a man of genial disposition 
 and great corpulence; yet withal he was captain of an artil- 
 lery company (with John Eubank as orderly sergeant) which 
 drilled annually at Old's Forge on the north fork of Hard- 
 ware. He married Sarah White, of Staunton, and was the 
 father of five children, one of whom, Celia, was the wife of 
 William P. Staples, of Richmond. 
 
 EADES. 
 
 A family named Fades were among the early settlers in the 
 southern part of the county. Abraham Fades patented land 
 on Ballenger's Creek in 1751. In 1758 Joseph gave to his 
 sons, Thomas and John, one hundred and fifty acres on 
 Totier, and the next year Jacob sold three hundred acres on 
 Totierto Rev. John Ramsey, rector of St. Anne's. It is likely 
 Abraham, Joseph and Jacob were brothers. The two latter 
 disappear from the records, and they, or their families, prob- 
 ably fell in with the tide of emigration that bore away such 
 numbers to the West. Abraham, a son of Abraham, was 
 for many years in the early part of the century, engaged in 
 the inspection of tobacco in the Nicholas Warehouse at War- 
 ren. He died in 1828. His family were Joseph, Mildred, 
 the wife of a Shepherd, Abraham, Susan, Charlotte, and 
 Sarah, the wife of Richard Chandler. Shepherd Fades, a 
 son of one of this family, married Mary, daughter of Benja- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 187 
 
 min Norvell, and died in 1848. He left a son Shepherd, and 
 three daughters, Mary Ann, the wife of a Starke, Charlotte, 
 the wife of a Turner, and Sarah, the wife of a Venable. 
 
 EARI<Y. 
 
 The name of Early is first mentioned in the records in 
 1790, when Joel, executor of Jeremiah Early, purchased 
 from Charles Hammond three hundred acres on the Rivanna 
 in the Burnt Mills neighborhood, which had formerly be- 
 longed to Walter Carr. It is probable these persons were 
 citizens of Orange. In 1809 James Early, certainly from 
 Orange, bought eighteen hundred and ninety -four acres on 
 Buck Mountain Creek from the representatives of Major 
 Henry Burke, who had been a magistrate of the county, and 
 Major in the Eighty-Eighth Regiment, and who died in 1803. 
 The children of James Early and his wife Elizabeth, were 
 John, James, Joab, William, IvUcy, the wife of James Simms, 
 Theodosia, the wife of George Stevens, and Elizabeth, the 
 wife of Thomas Chapman. 
 
 John Early in 1822 bought Irom the executors of Richard 
 Durrett nearly a thousand acres lying between the Buck 
 Mountain Road and Jacob's Run. From him the village of 
 Earlysville derived its name, and in 1833 he gave to Thomas 
 I^ane, David Thompson and Henry Marshall the ground on 
 which its church was built. He was twice married, first to 
 Sarah, daughter of Richard Durrett, and secondly to Mrs. 
 Margaret Allen Timberlake. He died 1833. His children 
 were James T. , Isaac Davis, Susan, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Edward Ferneyhough, Amanda, the wife of Joshua Jackson, 
 Mildred, the wife of Richard Wingfield, Thomas, Frances, 
 Joseph, Jeremiah A. and William. James, son of James, 
 married Sarah Carr, and among his children were John F. 
 Early, who some twenty years ago opened a female Seminary 
 in the Shackelford house on High Street, and afterwards 
 removed to Texas, Mary, the wife of Thomas Durrett, and 
 Frances, the wife of Isaac Davis, and mother of Mrs. W. R. 
 Burnley. Joab married Elizabeth Thompson, and his chil- 
 dren were William T., well remembered by many as Buck 
 
188 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Early, and James and Nathaniel, of Greene County. Wil- 
 liam, son of James, married Sarah Graves, and his children 
 were William I^., of Madison, and Thomas J., who married 
 Caroline, daughter of the elder Drury Wood. 
 
 EUBANK. 
 
 Families of the Eubank name have lived along the south 
 fork of Hardware from the earliest times. They sprang 
 from two brothers, George and John. It is believed they 
 came from Orange County. In 1758 George bought from 
 James Ireland three hundred acres on Beaverdam, not far 
 from the present Soapstone Quarries. The next year John 
 purchased from Matthew Jordan in the same vicinity. -The 
 year after the organization of the county, 1746, a John Eu- 
 bank obtained a grant of nearly three hundred acres on 
 Rocky Creek, in its northwest section ; it is possible he was 
 the same person as the one just mentioned. 
 
 John died in 1789, His wife's name was Hannah, and 
 his children were John, James, William, Nancy, Elizabeth 
 and Sarah, who were both married to brothers named For- 
 tune, a family that lived in the same neighborhood, and 
 Frances, the wife of a Gilmer. George died in 1802. He 
 and his wife Mary had six children, John, Elizabeth, George, 
 Frances, the wife of her cousin, John Eubank, Nancy, the 
 wife of David Watson, and Mary, the wife of Richard Hazel- 
 rig. George also brought up two orphan children. Nelson 
 and Sarah Key, whom he committed to the care of his 
 daughter Frances and her husband, and for whose subse- 
 quent welfare he made special provision. His two sons, 
 John and George, had each twelve children. 
 
 The Eubanks appear to have been quiet, industrious 
 farmers, fairly prosperous in their worldly affairs. The 
 family particularly marked for its energy and success was 
 that of James, son of John. He married Mildred Melton, 
 and had five sons and three daughters. He died in 1821, 
 leaving a considerable estate. Two of his sons, John and 
 George W., took advantage of the opening of the Staunton 
 and James River Turnpike, established taverns on the road. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 189 
 
 and for many years did a large business in the entertain- 
 ment of those transporting the vast amount of produce at 
 that time passing between the Valley and Scottsville. George 
 married his cousin, Winifred Kubank, and had eight children. 
 He died in 1841. John married Sarah Strange, and died 
 without children in 1854. Emigration to the West has taken 
 many from the different branches of this family, so that 
 comparatively few of the name remain now in the county. 
 
 EVKRETT. 
 
 John Everett was the first of the name to appear in the 
 county. At one time he lived on the waters of Moore's Creek, 
 on the place adjoining the old I^ewis place, the present Bird - 
 wood. This place he purchased from John Spencer in 1781, 
 and in 1788 sold it, and removed to a farm near the Cross 
 Roads, which he bought from Joseph Claybrook. His sec- 
 ond home was what is still known in the neighborhood as 
 the old Methodist Parsonage. Here he laid out a town about 
 the beginning of the century, called Traveller's Grove, but 
 it never advanced beyond the sale of three or four lots. 
 When the prospects of the town had lost their roseate hue, 
 the Colonel, as he was known, changed the name to Pleas- 
 ant Grove, and under this designation conducted a tavern 
 for some years. He was somewhat of a sporting character, 
 raised fine horses, and had a training track on his place. 
 He was twice married, first to Sarah, daughter of Tarleton 
 Woodson, and secondly to Sarah, daughter of Samuel Ded- 
 man. In 1807 he disposed of his property, and removed to 
 Cabell County. 
 
 Dr. Charles Everett was established in Charlottesville as 
 one of its physicians as early as 1804, when he purchased from 
 Tucker M. Woodson the part of lyot Fifty-Nine fronting on 
 High Street. Two years later he bought from Reuben Burn- 
 ley the two lots opposite, Seventy-Three and Seventy-Four, 
 where he had his office and stable ; this property he sold to Dr. 
 Charles Brown in 1814. It is probable however that before 
 the last date he had removed to Belmont near Keswick, which 
 he made his subsequent residence during life ; having bought 
 
190 HISTORY OF AI<BEMARLE 
 
 from John Rogers six hundred and thirty-six acres in 1811. It 
 was not till 1821 he became the owner of the place adjoining 
 on the south, which has since been known by the name 
 of Bverettsville ; this tract of four hundred acres he purchased 
 from Mr. Jefierson, whose father had obtained a patent for it 
 in 1756. The Doctor, besides being actively engaged in the 
 practice of his profession, devoted much attention to the pub- 
 lic affairs of the county, and to politics. He was appointed 
 a magistrate in 1807, and represented the county for several 
 terms in the House of Delegates. He never married, and 
 died in 1848, by his will emancipating his servants, and 
 devising his estate to his nephew, Dr. Charles D. Everett. 
 Not long before the war a person named Thom, from Mercer 
 County, Pennsylvauia, presented to the Circuit Court a certifi- 
 cate of his appointment as Guardian of some of the Doctor's 
 old servants, and applied for the legacies he had left for 
 their benefit. 
 
 FAGG. 
 
 John Fagg was a Revolutionary soldier, and in the early 
 years of the century was a tavern keeper in Charlottesville. 
 In 1818 he bought from William Garth a part of the old 
 Barracks place, which he called Barrack Grove, and which 
 is now the residence of Mrs. Garland A. Garth. There he 
 lived until his death in 1829, at the advanced age of ninety- 
 two years. 
 
 A son William married Nancy, daughter of John Alphin 
 and removed to Blount County, Tennessee. From that place 
 he sold in 1834 his wife's share of her father's estate to Jesse 
 Ivcwis. John, another son, married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Jacob Oglesby, and was associated with his father-in-law as 
 Inspector in Henderson's and Randolph's Tobacco Ware- 
 houses. He afterwards conducted a store in Milton, as late 
 as 1834. It is related of him, that in the fall of 1833, 
 when the memorable storm of star -falling occurred, he was 
 with a number of others beyond the Valley on a hunting 
 expedition. While the meteoric phenomenon was in progress, 
 some of the servants, who had risen parly in discharge of 
 their duties, rushed terror-stricken into the camp to arouse 
 
HISTORY OF AI.BBMARLE 191 
 
 the sleeping hunters. All started at once to observe the 
 scene, some with the interest of curiosity, others in mortal 
 dread that the day of judgment had come — all except Fagg. 
 He clung to his blankets, involuntarily, it was believed, 
 because of too abundant potations the night before; and 
 when appealed to by the cries and vivid descriptions of his 
 friends, heexclaimed, "Oh boys, that's nothing. Why, I see 
 that every morning when I'm at home; the fact is, you 
 might see it too, if you weren't too lazy to get up." In 1836 
 he sold Barrack Grove to Garland Garth, and probably went 
 to join his relatives in the South West. 
 
 FARISH. 
 
 William P. Parish came to Albemarle from Caroline about 
 1820. He is mentioned in 1823 as a manager for Charles 1,. 
 Bankhead. In subsequent years he was engaged in superin- 
 tending the affairs of John N. C. Stockton. In 1834 he pur- 
 chased from John M. Perry six- hundred acres on the south 
 fork of the Rivanna below Hydraulic Mills, and the same 
 year sold to William H. Meriwether the tract on which 
 Meriwether erected the Rio Mills. He bought in 1837 from 
 Ira Garrett the plantation south of Charlottesville, now in the 
 possession of Rev. J. T. Randolph, on which he subsequently 
 resided until his death. After the demise of Mr. Stockton in 
 1837, he was appointed the administrator of his estate, and 
 in the years following sold off his large possessions, except 
 Carrsbrook, which was reserved for his family. He also had 
 the direction of the Stage lines which Stockton controlled. 
 In 1845 the firm of Parish & Co. was formed, by which the 
 Stage property was bought and managed for many years. 
 The firm consisted of W. P. Parish, Dr. O. B. Brown, of 
 Washington City, Slaughter W. Picklin and John S. Cocke. 
 About this time Mr. Parish entered the ministry of the Bap- 
 tist Church. He died in 1869. His wife was Mellicent 
 Laughlin, and his children Thomas 1,., and Ann, the wife of 
 Rev. J. T. Randolph. 
 
 Stephen M. Parish was a brother of William P., and prob- 
 ably came to the county before him. He was for a time a 
 
192 HISTORY OF AX,BEMARI<E 
 
 resident of Milton, and afterwards lived in the vicinity of 
 Earlysville. He was twice married, and his children were 
 Susan, Andrew J. and William. 
 
 In 1823 Hazelwood Parish sold to Thomas Poindexter Jr., 
 the stock and equipment of a Stage line running through 
 Charlottesville. 
 
 FARRAR. 
 
 John Farrar lived in the southwest part of the county, and 
 died in 1769. His children were Perrin, Catharine Jopling, 
 Sarah Spencer, William, Peter, Thomas, Elizabeth and Rich- 
 ard. Perrin, William, Peter and Richard were all owners of 
 land on Green and Ivy Creeks, branches of the lower Rock- 
 fish. Perrin died about 1793, leaving eight children who re- 
 moved to Amherst. 
 
 Richard married Susan Sbelton, of Louisa, and died in 
 1807. He was a ruling elder in the Cove Church. His 
 children were Joseph, Landon, John S., lyucinda, the wife of 
 Samuel L. Wharton, Ulizabeth, the wife of George Wharton, 
 both of whom emigrated to Davidson County, Tennessee, and 
 Sophia, the wife of Dr. Samuel Leake, and mother of Hon. 
 Shelton F. Leake. John S. was appointed Colonel of the 
 Forty-Seventh Regiment in 1815. He died in 1832, and left 
 nine children, Richard L., Matthew G., Elizabeth, Martha, 
 Marcellus, Sarah, the wife of Alexander K. Yancey, Sophia, 
 the wife of George W. Piper, Lavinia and Susan. 
 
 FICKLIN. 
 
 Benjamin Ficklin became a citizen of Albemarle about 1814, 
 and is described in one place as being from Frederick County, 
 and in another from Culpeper. Either then, or shortly after, 
 he entered the Baptist ministry. He purchased in the west- 
 ern part of the county upwards of thirteen hundred acres, 
 and his residence for twenty years, called Pleasant Green, 
 was the place adjoining Crozet on the west, now occupied by 
 Abraham Wayland. He was appointed to a seat on the 
 county bench in 1819. In 1822 he proposed to sell his lands 
 with the design of removing to Ohio or Indiana. This pur- 
 pose however was abandoned, and in 1832 he removed to 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 193 
 
 Charlottesville where for a number of years he was engaged 
 in the manufacture of tobacco. 
 
 He was noted for his uprightness and decision of character. 
 At the time of his removal to Charlottesville, the state of 
 things in the town, morally and religiously, was far from 
 being unexceptionable. In a clandestine manner, most of the 
 stores did more business on Sunday than on other days. 
 The negroes came in in large numbers for purposes of traffic. 
 Great quantities of liquor were sold. In the later hours of 
 that day, the roads leading from town were lined with men 
 and women in all stages of drunkenness, some staggering 
 with difficulty, others lying helplessly by the wayside. Mr. 
 Ficklin set himself vigorously to remedy these evils. He 
 warned the merchants that every violation of the Sunday 
 law should be visited with the highest penalty. A similar 
 warning was given to the negroes ; and by the lively applica- 
 tion of the lash to those who neglected it, the town and roads 
 were soon cleared of transgressors. Sabbath observance put 
 on a new face. The comfort of worshippers, and the general 
 order of the community, were vastly promoted. So impar- 
 tial was the old man in the execution of his duty, that when 
 one of his own wagons, sent out to sell tobacco, trespassed 
 upon the sacred hours in reaching home, he imposed a fine 
 upon himself. It is said, that a member of the bar remon- 
 strated with him on what he considered his excessive zeal, 
 and stated by way of illustration, that in the preparation of 
 his cases he had often been obliged to work on Sunday ; 
 whereupon Mr. Ficklin at once fined him on his own confes- 
 sion. Altogether the whole county was laid under many 
 obligations to his courage, efficiency, and public spirit. 
 
 His last years were overclouded by business reverses. He 
 closed his earthly career during the war, in the last days of 
 1864. His wife's name was Eleanor, and his children were 
 Slaughter W. , Benjamin F. , who was one of the last Stage 
 proprietors in the country, FUen, the wife of a Brown, 
 Susan, the wife of J. R. Hardesty, Flizabeth, the wife of 
 Klijah Dunkum, and lyucy, the first wife of Fontaine D. 
 Brockman. 
 —13 
 
194 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 FIELD. 
 
 For many years before the end of the last century, and in 
 the early part of the present, the name of Field was a 
 familiar one in the vicinity of Batesville. The family head 
 was Robert, who began to purchase land in that section in 
 1766. From small beginnings he rose gradually, till he ac- 
 quired a considerable estate. He died in 1824. He was twice 
 married, and raised a family of ten children, Mary, the wife 
 of a Garland, Elizabeth, the wife of John Mills, Sarah, the 
 first wife of Charles Yancey, Jane, the wife of Thomas 
 Grayson, John, Robert, Ralph, Joseph, Susan, the wife of 
 Nelson Moss, and Nancy, the wife of William Wood. 
 
 Three of the brothers married sisters, daughters of the 
 elder Jesse Wood, John being united to Sarah, Ralph to 
 Mildred, and Joseph to Flmira. Joseph died before his 
 father, leaving two sons, William and Joseph. His widow 
 afterwards became the wife of John Robinson. Robert led 
 the way in emigrating first to Kentucky, and subsequently to 
 Missouri, and was ultimately followed by most of the 
 family; by all indeed bearing the name. John's home was 
 east of Batesville, where Mrs. William H. Harris resides. 
 Here he kept for many years a well known public house. 
 In 1807 he conveyed to Marshall Durrett, James Wood, 
 Charles Massie, Jonathan Barksdale, Oliver Cleveland, 
 Thomas Massie, Henry Fmerson, William Wood Sr., and 
 John Wood, son of Isaac, ground for the old Mount Ed 
 Church, on the south side of the public road, and on the top 
 of the hill between Whitesides Creek and Captain White's. 
 His son, bearing his name, was a druggist in Charlottesville, 
 doing business on the public square under the firm of Field 
 & Goss. In 1831 the father sold his place to Isaac White, 
 and all the family joined their kindred in the West. 
 
 FITCH. 
 
 In 1759 William Daniel Fitch bought land on the east 
 side of the South West Mountain, near Hammock's Gap, 
 where he seems to have had his home. He died in 1814 
 His family consisted of twelve children, only two of whom 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 195 
 
 were sons, John, who died before his father, and William D. 
 The latter was one of the early and leading inhabitants of 
 Milton. He maintained his interests there, until the place 
 was completely shorn of its prestige and trade. While its 
 flourishing days lasted, he was an Inspector of tobacco in 
 Henderson's Warehouse, and the proprietor of a public house. 
 About 1829 he removed to Charlottesville, and took charge of 
 the Eagle Tavern. This property he purchased in 1833. 
 He continued to be engaged in its management during the 
 remainder of his life. His death occurred in 1848. He 
 married Mary Bernard, who survived him twenty years. 
 This worthy couple, though without children of their own, 
 exercised the kindly care of parents over many of their 
 nieces and nephews. 
 
 FRETWELL. 
 
 The first Fretwell appearing on the records was William, 
 who in 1776 bought part of the Sumter land near Piney 
 Mountain. It is conjectured his wife was a Crenshaw, as his 
 eldest son bore that name. He died in 1822. His children 
 were Crenshaw, John, Thomas, William, Susan, believed to 
 have been the first wife of Elijah Garth, and the wife of 
 Fendall Sebree. At the time of his death Thomas, William 
 and Susan had already departed this life. 
 
 Crenshaw lived on the waters of Ivy Creek, not far from 
 Garth's Mill. This place he and his wife Sarah sold to Dr. 
 Charles Brown in 1822. A protracted litigation in which he 
 was concerned, in connection with the old Draffen tract of 
 land in the same neighborhood, was finally settled by the 
 Court of Appeals in 1831. As no subsequent mention of 
 him is found, it is supposed he removed from the county. 
 John married Mildred, daughter of Thomas Garth Sr. His 
 home was on the western side of the Garth plantation, on 
 the Whitehall Road. He died in 1837. His children were 
 Emily, the wife of Mortimer Gaines, Lucy, the wife of Sam- 
 uel Kennerly, Susan, William G., Frances, Selina and John 
 T. William G. married Emeline, daughter of Thomas H. 
 Brown, and his children were John T., Susan and Lucy 
 Elizabeth. John T. , son of John, married Nannie A. , 
 
196 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 and his children were William G., Susan B., and Frances. 
 Thomas lived between Free Union and the old Garrison 
 Meeting House. He kept a store, which was known as Fret- 
 well's Store, and which at the beginning of the century was 
 the place for holding elections for Overseers of the Poor for 
 the northwest district of the county. His wife was Agnes 
 Burrus, and at the time of his father's death, she and her 
 family were living in Kentucky. 
 
 William married Jemima Brown. He resided on the 
 Staunton Road, above Mechum's Depot. He was deemed 
 by his neighbors fit to be a landmark, because of his uncom- 
 mon stature; in a deed of Nelson Hardin to his brother 
 Isaac, the property is described as adjoining that of the tall 
 William Fretwell. He died in 1807. His children were 
 William C, who married first Mildred, daughter of Henry 
 Burnley, of I/Ouisa, and secondly Vienna, daughter of G. W. 
 Kinsolving, Susan, the wife of William Brown, Judith, the 
 wife of Benjamin H. Brown, Nancy, the wife of Augustine 
 Stephenson, and Hudson. Hudson married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John Burnley, of lyouisa, and sister of Nathaniel 
 Burnley. His home was the large brick house on the 
 Staunton Road, above Mechum's Depot, where for many 
 years he kept a public house. He died in 1834. His chil- 
 dren were Mary, the wife of Paul Tilman, Burlington, 
 William, Franklin, Susan, the wife of Overton Tilman, 
 Jurena, the wife of James H. Jarman, Brightbury, and 
 Bernard. 
 
 Alexander Fretwell was for the first quarter of the century 
 one of the business men of Warren. He was probably the 
 same Alexander, who sold to Isaac Hardin in 1792 five 
 hundred acres on the Staunton Road, adjoining the William 
 just mentioned; from this too it may be inferred, that he 
 also was a son of the first William. He died in 1825. He 
 seems to have been twice married, first to Ann, daughter of 
 William Barksdale, and secondly to Jane Hughes. His 
 children were James B., who died in 1868 in Sumner County, 
 Tennessee, aged eighty -three, Richard, Nancy, and three other 
 daughters, the wives of Robert Anderson, Matthew Martin 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 197 
 
 and William Moorman. Richard married Sarah, daughter 
 of Samuel Barksdale, and had ten children. He lived on 
 the east side of Dudley's Mountain, at the place recently 
 occupied by Major Berkeley. About 1840 he removed to 
 Lewis County, West Virginia. 
 
 FRY. 
 
 Joshua Fry was born in England, and educated at the 
 University of Oxford. Coming to this country, he was 
 made Professor of Mathematics in William and Mary Col- 
 lege. He was present at the organization of Albemarle 
 County, and was appointed one of its first magistrates, its 
 I<ieutenant, and its Surveyor. For some years he was 
 actively engaged in surveying lands in this and adjacent 
 counties, and entered a considerable number of tracts in his 
 own name. When the French and Indian War broke out in 
 1754, and a regiment was raised in Virginia on that occa- 
 sion, Fry was appointed its Colonel, and Washington its 
 Lieutenant Colonel. Fry repaired to Fort Wills, now Cum- 
 berland, Md., the rendezvous, to assume the command, but 
 shortly after died, and was there buried. The home of 
 Colonel Fry was the plantation just south of Carter's Bridge, 
 which he patented in 1750, and which is now known by the 
 name of Viewmont. There his widow lived till her death in 
 1773, and in 1786 the place was sold to Governor Edmund 
 Randolph. 
 
 The wife of Colonel Fry was Mrs. Mary Micou Hill, and 
 his children were John, Henry, Martha, the wife of John 
 Nicholas, Clerk of the county, William, and Margaret, the 
 wife of John Scott. John married Sarah, sister of Thomas 
 Adams, who was once the owner of Blair Park, and had 
 three children, Joshua, William and Tabitha. He died in 
 1778. Joshua married Peachy, youngest daughter of Dr. 
 Thomas Walker. He was appointed a magistrate of the 
 county, and represented it in the House of Delegates. To- 
 wards the end of the last century he removed to Kentucky, 
 where he taught for a time a classical academy, and was the 
 ancestor of a numerous posterity, the Frys, Greens, BuUitts 
 
198 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 and speeds, who have acted a prominent part in the affairs 
 of that State. Henry served as deputy Clerk of the county, 
 married Susan, daughter of Dr. Thomas Walker, and removed 
 to Madison County near Rapidan Station, where he died in 
 1823 in his eighty-fifth year. He had nine children, one of 
 whom, Reuben, was the father of Joseph 1,. Fry, for twenty 
 years the Judge of the Wheeling Circuit; another, Henry, 
 married Mildred, daughter of Rev. Matthew Maury, and was 
 the father of J. Frank Fry, long a Commissioner of the 
 Revenue of the county ; and another, Wesley, was the father 
 of Captain W. O. Fry. William, the Colonel's son, died 
 unmarried about 1760. 
 
 GANTT, 
 
 Henry Gantt, of Prince George County, Maryland, came 
 to Albemarle in 1813, and purchased from James Bullock, 
 agent of Brown, Rives & Co., seven hundred and eighty- 
 four acres, which had belonged to Robert and William 
 Alcock, and which were situated southwest of the Cross 
 Roads in North Garden. He made this place his residence 
 for some years. On the fifth of December 1821, he bought a 
 ticket of the State lyottery of Maryland, and on the thirteenth 
 drew a prize of forty thousand dollars. He afterwards re- 
 turned to his old home in Maryland, and was succeeded on 
 the farm in North Garden by his son, Dr. John W. Gantt, to 
 whom he and his wife Ann formally conveyed it in 1830. 
 Here the Doctor lived and practised his profession till 1835, 
 when he purchased from Charles A.- Scott the plantation on 
 James River, just above the mouth of Totier. On this place 
 he passed the remainder of his days. He was appointed a 
 magistrate of the county in 1830. In 1837 he and his wife 
 Sarah conveyed the farm near Cross Roads to Joseph Suther- 
 land, in whose family it has since remained. The Doctor 
 died in 1860. His children were Henry, Philip, Albert, and 
 Mary, the wife of Z. R. I^ewis. 
 
 GARLAND. 
 
 The first of the Garland name who settled in Albemarle 
 was James. He came from Hanover County, where he had 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 199 
 
 married his wife, Mary Rice. In 1761 he bought land in the 
 coves of the mountains southwest of the Cross Roads. He 
 purchased first from James and John Coffey, and afterwards 
 from Robert Nelson, till he possessed considerably more than 
 a thousand acres. He also purchased from Samuel and 
 William Stockton upwards of four hundred acres near the 
 head of Mechum's River, including a mill which the Stock- 
 tons had built. He was acting as magistrate in 1783, when 
 the existing records begin, and was appointed Sheriff in 
 1791. He died in 1812. His children were Elizabeth, the 
 wife of Thomas Garland, Sdward, Rice, Robert, Clifton, 
 Mary, the wife of James Woods, who in 1797 emigrated 
 to Garrard County, Kentucky, and as nearly as the lines of 
 descent in this family can be ascertained, James and Na- 
 thaniel. 
 
 Edward lived on the south side of the north fork of Hard - 
 ware, near the crossing of the old Lynchburg Road. He 
 was appointed a magistrate in 1801, and in 1808 succeeded 
 Francis Taliaferro as Commissioner of the Revenue for St. 
 Anne's, which office he filled until his death in 1817. His 
 wife was Sarah, daughter of Colonel John Old, and his children 
 Nathaniel, Mary, the wife of Nicholas Hamner, Fleming, 
 James, Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Sutherland, Sarah, the 
 wife of Pleasant Sowell, and Maria, the wife of Thomas Ham- 
 ner, who removed to Lewis County, West Virginia. 
 
 The home of Rice was the present farm of Bloomfield near 
 Ivy Depot. He was appointed a magistrate in 1791, was 
 elected to the Legislature in 1808, and served as Sheriff in 
 1811. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Hamner, 
 and died in 1818. His children were William, James, Rice, 
 Samuel, Elizabeth, the wife of Henry White, Mary Rice, the 
 wife of Robert H. Slaugliter, Burr, Maurice and Nicholas. 
 William and James were their father's executors. The for- 
 mer lived for a time in Charlottesville, was the constructor 
 of the present Lynchburg Road, and died in 1841. Rice 
 was a lawyer, and settled in Leakesville, N. C. Samuel 
 became a prosperous man of business in Lynchburg. 
 
 Robert was an active practitioner at the Albemarle bar, and 
 
200 HISTORY OF AI,BIi;MARLE 
 
 about 1822 removed to Nelson. Clifton was appointed a 
 magistrate in 1806, and in 1813 contested unsuccessfully 
 the election of Jesse W. Garth to the House of Delegates. 
 He died unmarried in 1815. 
 
 James, as already narrated, lost his life at the Prison Bar- 
 racks in 1781. His wife was Ann, daughter of John Wing- 
 field and Mary Hudson, and his children Hudson M., James 
 P., and Spotswood. They all removed to Amher.st. Hud- 
 son was admitted to the bar, represented Amherst in the 
 I^egislature, was a captain in the war of 1812, was an intimate 
 friend of General Jackson, and received from him an office in 
 Washington, which he held until the administration of Presi- 
 dent Tyler. His wife was Letitia Pendleton, and he was the 
 father of Judge James Garland, of I^ynchburg, and General 
 John, of the United States Army, whose daughter was the 
 wife of General lyongstreet. Spotswood became the first 
 Clerk of Nelson, married a Rose, and was the father of I,an- 
 don, late Chancellor of Vanderbilt University. 
 
 In 1778 Nathaniel bought land from Colonel Charles Lewis 
 in North Garden, near Taylor's Gap. He died in 1793. 
 His wife's name was Jane, and his children were Frances, 
 the wife of John Woodson, Nelson, Mary, the wife of Isham 
 Ready, Anderson, whose widow Nancy was married to Rich- 
 ard Bruce, and whose children removed to I^ewis County, 
 Kentucky, Elizabeth and Peter. Peter married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Benjamin Martin, who after her husband's decease 
 became the wife of Daniel, son of Thomas Martin and Mary 
 Ann White. Peter's sons were James and Goodrich. 
 
 William Garland, who was probably a brother of the first 
 James, married Ann, daughter of Christopher Shepherd, and 
 died comparatively young in 1777. His children were Fran- 
 ces, the wife of Reuben Pendleton, Mary, James, and David 
 S. David S. resided at New Glasgow in Amherst, and in 
 1807 represented the district in Congress. His wife was Jane, 
 daughter of Colonel Samuel Meredith and Jane Henry, sister 
 of the renowned orator. 
 
 Another branch of the Garlands was resident in the county 
 at a later date. About 1833 a mercantile firm did business 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 201 
 
 on the public square in Charlottesville under the style of 
 Binford & Garland. The Garland of the firm was James, 
 who soon after removed to Richmond. In 1835 his brother 
 Thomas purchased from John R. Campbell the fine low 
 grounds on the Rivanna, just below the mouth of Buck Island. 
 He was appointed a magistrate of the county in 1838. He 
 was a man of unamiable temper and unsavory reputation. 
 He died in 1 874. The brothers came from Goochland County. 
 Their mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Morris, 
 of. Green Spring, lyouisa, and sister of Mrs. Dr. Frank Carr. 
 
 GARRETT. 
 
 The name of Garrett must always awaken interest in Albe- 
 marle, because of its long official connection with its affairs. 
 William Garrett appeared on the scene in 1764, when he pur- 
 chased from Francis Jerdone, the same person who bought 
 the Farmington lands and sold them to George Divers, two 
 thousand acres along the northern base of Tom's Mountain, 
 in North Garden. In the course of the next ten years he 
 disposed of this property to different parties, but far the 
 greater portion of it to John Jones. Garrett as well as Jer- 
 done belonged to I/Ouisa. It is thought he was the grand- 
 father of Alexander Garrett. The father of Alexander was 
 Henry, who in 1810 removed from Louisa to Kentucky, and 
 in passing through Charlottesville constituted his son his 
 attorney to settle up his business. He departed this life in 
 his new home in 1815. 
 
 Alexander came to the county as early as 1794. In 1799 
 he was a deputy of Samuel Murrell, who at that time was 
 Sheriff. A year or two after he married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of James Minor, who resided on the north fork of the Ri- 
 vanna, near Stony Point; and from the mention of his name 
 among those assigned to work the roads, Mr. Garrett evi- 
 dently lived for a time in the same vicinity. In 1806 he 
 received the appointment of deputy Clerk under John Nicho- 
 las. About that time his wife died, and in 1808 he married 
 Kvalina, daughter of John Boiling, of North Garden. In 
 1815 he succeeded Mr. Nicholas as County Clerk, and in 
 
202 HISTORY OF ALBKMARLB 
 
 1819 was appointed Clerk of the Circuit Court upon the res- 
 ignation of John Carr, who had occupied that oflBce since the 
 Circuit Court superseded the District Court in 1809. Both 
 of these offices he held until 1831, when his brother Ira was 
 made County Clerk. Besides his official duties, he was assid- 
 uous and successful in many lines of business. He was a 
 large dealer in real estate, owning at different times fine tracts 
 of land in various neighborhoods of the county, Meadow 
 Creek, Birdwood, North Garden, North Blenheim, Ivy Cot- 
 tage and Greenwood. About 1815 his home was on the south 
 side of University Street, and during the decade of 1820 he 
 erected the large brick mansion at the foot of Second Street. 
 In 1825 he laid out and brought into market the lots on Ridge 
 Street, and in 1828 built Midway as a hotel, of which J. A. 
 Xaupi was^the first occupant. During his latter years, owing 
 no doubt to the constant and long continued strain on his 
 powers, he was afflicted with softening of the brain. He 
 died in 1860. By his first marriage he had a daughter, Eliz- 
 abeth, the first wife of V. W. Southall, and by his second. 
 Dr. John Boiling Garrett, Susan, the wife of Dr. Thomas 
 Johnson, Eliza K., the wife of Alexander Duke, and Clar- 
 issa, the wife of Dr. Thomas J. Pretlow. 
 
 Ira Garrett, like his brother, commenced his business life 
 by riding Sheriff. He was a deputy under Benjamin Harris 
 in 1815, and Robert Davis in 1817. Soon after he became 
 deputy County Clerk under his brother, and in 1831 suc- 
 ceeded him as principal. When the office became elective, 
 he was chosen both to it and the Circuit Court Clerkship, 
 term after term, as long as the people had a voice; and even 
 when another was appointed by military authority, it was 
 demanded by an overwhelming public sentiment that the 
 faithful old man should act as deputy. In 1818 he bought 
 from Jonathan B. Carr the place at the east end of Main 
 Street, which he made his home the rest of his life. He al- 
 ways had a strong inclination to rural pursuits, and in 1836 
 purchased a plantation south of Charlottesville, afterwards 
 the farm of W. P. Parish; but with him the lack of a close 
 hand marred the knack of accumulation, and the project soon 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 203 
 
 failed. Just before the war he bought Sunuyside, the late 
 residence of Colonel Duke, but the outbreak of hostilities in- 
 terfered with his enjoyment there. After the war however he 
 indulged this fancy at Hobby Hill, a cottage with a few acres 
 east of James D. Goodman's, where he and his wife, who 
 shared in his taste for horticulture, spent a part of every 
 summer. He died full of years in 1870. His wife was 
 Eliza, daughter of John Watson, and his children Dr. Henry, 
 of Southwest Virginia, John Alexander, George, Jane, the 
 wife of Benjamin Winn, Ann, the wife of Thomas M. Smyth, 
 
 Isaetta, the wife of K. Kemper, and Ellen, the wife of 
 
 Watkins, who emigrated to Mississippi. 
 
 GARTH . 
 
 The first of the Garth family in Albemarle was Thomas, 
 who in 1762 bought from Samuel Taliaferro four hundred and 
 fifty acres on the Indian branch of Buck Island Creek. In 
 1770 he purchased from John I,ewis, of Halifax, nearly a 
 thousand acres on Blue Run, not far from Barboursville. 
 The next three or four years he was employed by Mr. Jeffer- 
 son to buy the Ivego estate from William and James Hick- 
 man, sons of Edwin Hickman, the second Sheriff of the 
 county. In 1779 he bought another thousand acres of the 
 Lewis estate on Ivy Creek, and continued his purchases in 
 that section, till he owned all the land stretching from near 
 the Staunton Road, opposite Jesse Lewis's place, to the forks 
 of Mechum's and Moorman's Rivers. On this tract he 
 resided until his death. He was appointed a magistrate 
 in 1791, and served as Sheriff in 1807. He died in 1812. 
 His wife, it is said, was Judith Long, and his chil- 
 dren Thomas, John, Elijah, Jesse, Garland, Ann, the 
 wife of Richard Gaines, whose daughter Margaret was the 
 ■wife of George Crank, and mother of R. G. Crank, a repre- 
 sentative of the county in the Legislature twenty years ago, 
 Sarah, the wife of Samuel Poindexter, who removed to Bed- 
 ford County, Susan, the wife of Isaac Dalton, who emigrated 
 to Stokes County, North Carolina, and Mildred, the wife of 
 John Fretwell. 
 
204 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Thomas succeeded his father on Chesaut Ridge. He died 
 in 1834. He married Susan, daughter of Richard Durrett, 
 and his children were Jesse Winston, Willis, William, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of Dr. Thomas K. Clark, and mother of Cor- 
 nelia, the wife of Drury Burnley, and of Catharine, the wife 
 of George Mclntire, and Prances, the wife of James Michie. 
 Jesse W. was deputy Sheriff, was admitted to the bar, was 
 for six years Commonwealth's Attorney, was member of the 
 Legislature, sold Birdwood to his brother William, and in 
 1818 removed to Alabama. His wife was Unity Dandridge, 
 of the same kindred as Patrick Henry's second wife. Willis 
 lived at the place occupied by the family of Legh R. Wad- 
 dell, married a Miss Graves, and was prominent in the estab- 
 lishment of Mount Harmony Church. He died without 
 children in 1851. William resided at Birdwood, built the 
 spacious brick dwelling it contains, and by his improvements 
 made it one of the principal country seats of the county. He 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of George Martin and Barbara 
 Woods. He died in 1860, leaving eleven children, J. Woods, 
 Edgar, Ivewis, George, Eugene, Georgiana, the wife of Rol- 
 lin Kirk, Gabriella, the wife of James Kirk, Susan, the wife 
 of Smith P. Bankhead, Elizabeth, the wife of William S. 
 Bankhead, Celestine, the wife of Marshall Walker, and sec- 
 ondly of John Stockton, and Alice, the wife of Philip Gil- 
 christ. 
 
 John married Ann, daughter of John Rodes, sold the land 
 on Blue Run which was given him by his father, and near 
 the close of the last century removed to Kentucky. Elijah 
 received from his father a plantation of more than five hun- 
 dred acres southwest of Still House Mountain, and in the 
 early years of the century acted as deputy Sheriff. He was 
 twice married, first to Susan Fretwell, and secondly to Cath- 
 arine, widow of George Wayt. He died in 1817. His 
 children were Ivittleton, Paschal, Elizabeth, the wife of a 
 McGarvey, and Virginia, the wife of a Cross. 
 
 Jesse lived on a plantation his father gave him, lying west 
 of the Barracks. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Beza- 
 leel Brown, and his children Thomas, William T., Bright- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 205 
 
 "berry, Bezaleel, Mary, the wife of John H. McKennie, and 
 Sarah, the wife of Willis C. Goodman. He died in 1836. 
 
 Garland resided on the old Barracks place, where he built 
 the large brick mansion recently occupied by the late George 
 Carr. He married Susan Crenshaw, and his children were 
 Dr. Garland A., Burwell, Isaac, Harriet, the wife of Isaac 
 Davis, and Hardenia, the wife of Dr. Waller Head, who re- 
 moved to Missouri. Mr. Garth was deprived of his home by 
 business reverses, and spent his last days with one of his 
 children in Nelson County. 
 
 GENTRY. 
 
 The different Gentry families in Albemarle seem to have 
 sprung from the same head. Nicholas Gentry died in 1779, 
 leaving eleven children, Moses, David, Nicholas, Mary Hin- 
 son, Robert, Benajah, Nathan, Martin, Elizabeth Haggard, 
 Jane Timberlake, and Ann Jenkins. Moses bought land in 
 1778 from Samuel Gay on the old Lynchburg Road north of 
 Garland's Store. He was a ruling elder in the Cove Church. 
 He died in 1810. His children were Claiborne and Nicholas, 
 who married sisters, Jane and Mary, daughters of Bezaleel 
 Maxwell, Frances, the wife of Thomas Fitzpatrick, and 
 Joanna, the wife of Joseph Walters. Addison, a son of 
 Nicholas, married I/Ucy, a sister of Shelton F. Leake. 
 
 Prior to 1778 David and Martin were owners of land on 
 Doyle's River, which they afterwards sold to Benajah Brown. 
 A son of one of these brothers probably was Richard Gentry, 
 who in 1784 married Jane, daughter of James Harris, and 
 removed to Kentucky, and whose descendants held a reunion 
 at Crab Orchard in August 1898. And from one of them in 
 all likelihood came George Gentry, who died in 1818, whose 
 home was not far from Free Union, whose wife's name was 
 Elizabeth, and whose children were James, George, William, 
 Frances, the wife of Nathaniel Tate, Austin, Aaron, Christo- 
 pher, Martha, the wife of John Walton, Elizabeth, the wife 
 of Edward Ballard, and Nancy, the wife of Edward Walton. 
 The children of Christopher and his wife Sarah, were Martha, 
 the wife of Joel Maupin, Mary, the wife of Henry Via, Fran- 
 
206 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 ces, the wife of Thomas Gibson, Elizabeth, the wife of James 
 Dunn, Paschal, Henry, and Dicey, the wife of Garrett White. 
 
 Benajah lived on Biscuit Run, where he commenced to pur- 
 chase land in 1764. In 1817 he transferred his property to 
 his son Robert, although his death did not occur till 1830. 
 Martha, the wife of Elijah Dawson, son of Rev. Martin, who 
 removed to Callaway County, Missouri, and Elizabeth, the 
 wife of William Goodman, were daughters of Benajah. Robert 
 married Mary, daughter of Francis Wingfield, and was the 
 father of Albert. 
 
 Robert Gentry, believed to be the son of Nicholas, bought 
 in 1766 from Martha, widow of Samuel Arnold, a place on 
 the head waters of Ivy Creek, which he and his wife Judith 
 sold in 1776 to John Woodson. Philip Joyner, whose 
 daughter was the wife of a Robert Gentry, and who once 
 owned the land the University stands on, devised the land 
 to his two grandsons, Charles and Jesse Gentry. They sold, 
 the one in 1775, and the other in 1783, and appear to have 
 emigrated to North Carolina. Whether the Robert just men- 
 tioned was the same with the son of Nicholas, is unknown. 
 
 GILMER. 
 
 George Gilmer, immigrant, was a native of Scotland, who 
 after a short sojourn in Ivondon, came to this country. He 
 settled in Williamsburg, and practised his profession as a 
 physician. His son Peachy, a fellow student of Nicholas 
 Meriwether in William and Mary College, paid a visit to his 
 friend in Albemarle, and fell in love with and married his 
 sister Mary. This led to his brother George visiting the 
 county, and ultimately marrying I/Ucy, daughter of Dr. 
 Thomas Walker. 
 
 George like his father was a physician. He settled in 
 Charlottesville, and his first residence was on Main Street, 
 near the present store of T. T. Norman. He seems after- 
 wards to have lived on Jefferson Street, on the south end of 
 the lot facing the west side of the Square. He was a man of 
 great activity and public spirit. The agitation preceding 
 the Revolution had already begun when Dr. Gilmer came 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLB 207 
 
 to Charlottesville, and from the first he displayed the live- 
 liest concern in the questions involved. Allusion has al- 
 ready been made to the prominent part he performed in the 
 earliest movements towards independence. In 1777 he pur- 
 chased from John Harvie Pen Park, which he made his home 
 for the remainder of his life, the home of intelligence and 
 refined hospitality graphically described by John P. Kennedy 
 in his Ifife of Wirt. About the same time he purchased land 
 on Mechunk, until he owned more than two thousand acres 
 in that section. He was appointed a magistrate, served as 
 Sheriff in 1787 , and was a member of the House of Delegates. 
 He died in 1796. His children were Mildred, the wife of 
 William Wirt, George, Peachy, John, James, Lucy, the wife 
 of Peter Minor, Harmer, Francis W., and Susan, the wife of 
 Zachariah Shackelford. 
 
 Pen Park continued to be the home of the family during the 
 life of Mrs. Gilmer. That part of the plantation called Rose 
 Hill, where the children of John D. Craven now reside, was 
 given to Mr. Wirt, and there he built a house; but having 
 no family, he and his wife lived for the most part with her 
 mother. The mother and daughter both died in 1800, and 
 the next year Mr. Wirt removed to Richmond. The home- 
 stead was soon after sold to Richard Sampson, and still later 
 to John H. Craven, whose residence there many yet remember. 
 
 George married Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher Hudson, 
 of Mount Air. He became the owner of the Mechunk lands, 
 which some years after were sold under deeds of trust to 
 Dabney Minor. He died in 1836. His children were Thomas 
 W. , George Christopher, John H., Sarah, the wife ot Dr. 
 Samuel W. Tompkins, Georgiana, the wife of Colin C. Spil- 
 ler, Maria, the wife of Samuel G. Adams, Ann, the wife of 
 Peter McGee, Martha, and lyucy, the wife of Edward Pegram. 
 Thomas W. was a lawyer, member of the Legislature', Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia, member of Congress, Secretary of the 
 Navy, and lamentably perished on board of the United States 
 ship Princeton in 1844. His wife was Ann Baker, of Shep 
 herdstown, Va. In 1826 he lived on Park Street where Drury 
 Wood now resides, in 1831 bought from W. B. Phillips the- 
 
208 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 brick house and lot at the west end of Jefferson Street, where 
 John C. Patterson lives, and in 1836 purchased from John 
 W. Davis the property on the hill recently occupied by John 
 T.Antrim. G. Christopher married first I^eana I^ewis, of the 
 Scottsville neighborhood, and secondly Mildred, daughter of 
 Richard Duke. He died in 1887. 
 
 Peachy was admitted to the bar, and practised in Bedford 
 County. He and L,ucy were two of the devisees of the Farm- 
 ington estate, Mrs. George Divers being their mother's sister. 
 Peachy died in 1836. John was a physician, married Sarah 
 Gilmer, a distant kinswoman, and lived at Edgemont, where 
 he died in 1835. Francis adopted the profession of law, but 
 was cut off in early life. He was a young man of fine 
 endowments and rare culture, and gave promise of filling a 
 distinguished position in his generation. He was a close 
 friend of Mr. Wirt and Judge Dabney Carr, and a great 
 favorite of Mr. Jefferson. The implicit reliance Mr. Jeffer- 
 son had in his penetration and judgment, was manifested in 
 his being entrusted with the selection of the first professors 
 of the University. He himself was designed for the profess- 
 orship of law. In his modesty, which was as great as his 
 ability, he thrice declined the place. At length he accepted, 
 but before entering upon its labors, was removed from the 
 scene of all earthly activities in 1826. 
 
 GOOCH. 
 
 William Gooch, written in the early records Gouge, came to 
 the county from Hanover. In 1751 he bought land from John 
 Graves in the Everettsville neighborhood, which nine years 
 after he sold to Benjamin Sneed, and it is believed, removed 
 to Amherst . Another William , who , from being denominated 
 Junior, is presumed to be his son, purchased land on the 
 south fork of Hardware in 1764, but in 1770 began buying in 
 the Ragged Mountains south of Ivy Depot, and in that vicinity 
 fixed his residence. His dwelling stood where his son Dab- 
 ney afterwards lived, and where still later W. O. English 
 taught school. He died in 1796. He and his wife lyUcy had 
 ten children, Matthew, Philip, Dabney C, Nicholas I,., Wil- 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BBMARI<E 209 
 
 Ham, Thomas W., Elizabeth, the wife of Nathan Dedman, 
 Martha, the wife of William Thurmond, Susan, and Mary, 
 the wife of William Moore. Matthew, who was admitted to 
 the Albemarle bar in 1796, and Nicholas removed toKentucky. 
 Philip removed to Amherst, and to him his father transferred 
 the land which he first bought on the Ragged Mountains, and 
 which somehow acquired the name of Little Egypt, included 
 the present reservoir, and was sold by his son Claiborne to 
 the Houchens and Mayo families that still live on it. Clai- 
 borne Gooch removed to Richmond, became Adjutant Gen- 
 eral of the State, and was associated with Thomas Ritchie in 
 publishing the Richmond Enquirer. 
 
 Dabney married Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. William Irvin, 
 of the South Garden, and had a daughter Mary, the wife of 
 her cousin. Dr. William F. Gooch. He died in 1844. 
 Thomas W. married Nancy, another daughter of Mr. Irvin, 
 and for many years kept a tavern at the D. S. He died in 
 1838. His children were Alonzo, Edwin, Meade, Angelina 
 and Elizabeth, the wife of John Fray Jr. Alonzo was for 
 some years a merchant in Charlottesville, and a magistrate 
 of the county, and lived on the lot west of the Episcopal 
 Church, now occupied by Capt. H. Robertson. His wife 
 was a daughter of B. F. Porter, of Orange, and died in 1897 
 in Bluefield, W. Va. 
 
 Dr. William F. Gooch was a grandson of William Jr., and 
 came to Charlottesville from Amherst about 1823. The next 
 year he married his cousin Mary, the only child of Dabney C. 
 For many years he practised his profession actively both in 
 town and country. His town residence was the house now 
 occupied by James F. Burnley on High Street. He was 
 appointed a magistrate in 1843. Not long before the war 
 he removed to his farm south of Ivy, where he died at an 
 advanced age in 1881. He had two daughters, Maria, the 
 wife of Paul H. Goodloe. and Elizabeth, the wife of W. O. 
 English. 
 
 Another person bearing the name of Gooch belonged to 
 the county in former times. He married Sarah, daughter of 
 David Wood, and sister of the elder Drury. He had four 
 —14 
 
210 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 sons and five daughters. Two of the sons, John and Roland, 
 appear to have owned land on Rough Run, a branch of 
 Moorman's River. They all removed to lyincoln County, 
 Kentucky, probably in the closing years of the last century. 
 
 GOODMAN. 
 
 The first of the Goodman family was Charles. He is 
 noticed as early as 1761 as having married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Roland Horsley. He began the purchase of land where 
 he continued to live until his death, on the south fork of the 
 Rivanna, west of the mouth of Ivy Creek. In the course of 
 years he acquired considerably more than a thousand acres. 
 His dwelling stood where Edward Wingfield now lives. 
 He was appointed a magistrate in 1794, but apparently 
 averse to the publicity of office soon resigned. He seems to 
 have been a quiet, industrious man, notably upright in all 
 his dealings. When in his will he made bequests of negroes 
 to his children, he required a certain proportion of the value 
 of their labor to be paid them year by year; and it is prob- 
 able he did himself what he enjoined upon others. He died 
 in 1827. His children were William, Joseph, Nathan, John, 
 Susan, the wife of John Rogers, Roland Horsley, Jeremiah 
 A . , and Elizabeth, the wife of an Anderson. William married 
 Elizabeth Gentry, Joseph married Nancy, daughter of Pat- 
 rick Michie, Nathan married Mildred, daughter of Manoah 
 Clarkson, and emigrated to Kentucky. John was one of the 
 early Methodist preachers, and his wife was Frances, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Dickerson. Jeremiah A. married Mary Clark- 
 son, sister of Nathan's wife, and lived until his death in 1857 
 four or five miles south of Charlottesville. 
 
 Horsley Goodman married Elizabeth, daughter of David 
 Rodes, and his children were D. Rodes, who was a deputy 
 Surveyor of the county, Nathan C, who married Sarah, 
 daughter of Joel Terrell, William, Horsley, who married 
 Sarah, daughter of James Durrett, of the Batesville neighbor- 
 hood, Susan, the wife of James Durrett, brother of Horsley's 
 wife, Ann, the wife of Seth Burnley, and I/Ucy, the second 
 wife of Thomas H. Brown. Horsley Sr. , died the same year 
 as his father. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 211 
 
 GOOLSBY. 
 
 Thomas Goolsby was one of the earliest settlers within the 
 present bounds of the county. In 1732, thirteen years before 
 its organization, he patented twelve hundred acres on James 
 River. In 1745 he sold more than five hundred acres to 
 Samuel Shelton, and in the description of the deed are 
 mentioned two tributaries of the James, called Holmans and 
 Goolsby's Creeks. This deed is noteworthy also from a 
 memorandum inscribed on it in 1788, showing that it had 
 been previously recorded, but the record had been destroyed 
 by the British in 1781. Thomas Goolsby died in 1774. 
 He was twice married, his last wife being Lucy Bryant. 
 His children were William, Thomas, Susan, the wife of a 
 Childress, Ann, the wife of a Nowling, IvUcy, the wife of a 
 Saunders, and Elizabeth. William owned land on the waters 
 of the south fork of Hardware. He died in 1819, and his 
 children were William, Tabitha, the wife of Joseph Harlan, 
 Tarleton, who married Mildred, daughter of Thomas 
 Walker Jr., Sarah, the wife of a Thurmond, Susan, the wife 
 of a Davis, Fleming, Jane, the wife of Samuel Harlan, Arthur, 
 Mary, the wife of a Samuel Richardson, and Nancy, the 
 wife of a Phillips. 
 
 Charles, James and John Goolsby, of Albemarle, were 
 Revolutionary soldiers, members of the Ninth Virginia 
 Regiment. Charles, who was a non-commissioned officer, 
 and James were taken prisoners at Germantown; all three 
 died in the service. They were beyond doubt sons of 
 Thomas Sr. , as William was stated to be their heir. 
 
 GORDON. 
 
 Before the middle of the last century two brothers named 
 Gordon, natives of Scotland, were settled on opposite sides of 
 the Rappahannock River as merchants, plying a thriving 
 trade with the old country. James resided in Lancaster 
 County, and John at Tappahannock in Essex. James's 
 wife was Mary Harrison, of the Harrisons of Surry, and the 
 wife of John was Lucy Churchill. Descendants of both 
 became inhabitants of Albemarle. Rev. James Waddell, 
 
212 HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLR 
 
 who preached and taught school near Gordonsville, married 
 a daughter of James, and William F. Gordon, who acted 
 a leading part in the affairs of the county in the first half of 
 the present century, traced his lineage to John, or rather to 
 both brothers at once. His father, James Gordon, was the 
 son of John, and his mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of 
 James. William F. was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 
 1809. In 1812 he succeeded Joseph J. Monroe as Attorney 
 of the Commonwealth, but resigned the next year, giving 
 place to Jesse W. Garth. From 1818 to 1829 he was almost 
 continuously a member of the House of Delegates, and in 1830 
 a member of the State Senate. He also represented the 
 district in Congress. The title of General by which he was 
 commonly known, he derived from his appointment in 1829 
 as Brigadier General of the Third Brigade, Second Division 
 of the Virginia militia, and in 1840 of Major General of the 
 Second Division. His home was at Spring Hill, at the 
 eastern base of the South West Mountain, not far from 
 Gordonsville. He died in 1858. His wife was Flizabeth, 
 daughter of Reuben I,indsay, and his children, James, George, 
 Hannah, the wife of W. J. Robertson, Reuben, William F., 
 Charles, Dr. John C, Alexander and Mason. 
 
 In the last century there came to the county an Alexander 
 Gordon, who seems to have been of kindred with the noble 
 Scottish family of Gordon, of Huntly. He lived on Sowell's 
 Branch near Carter's Bridge, where he obtained a patent for 
 a small tract of land in 1785. He sued Humphrey Gaines 
 for a piece of vacant land on Buck Island Creek to which 
 they both laid claim, his counsel being Walter I,eake, while 
 Mr. Wirt appeared for Gaines. He was not an ornament to 
 the county. He died in 1805, leaving a son, Alexander Duff 
 Gordon, who two years after removed to Tennessee. 
 
 GOSS. 
 
 The first known settlement of the Goss family was in that 
 part of Albemarle, which in its division in 1761 was erected 
 into Buckingham. A James Goss was witness to a deed, 
 
HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLB 213 
 
 conveying land on a branch of Slate River, in 1749. The 
 head of the family now living in the county was Benjamin, 
 who with a large household emigrated to Georgia. In pro- 
 cess of time two of his sons, Jesse and John, returned to 
 Virginia. 
 
 John soon became a teacher in the family of Governor James 
 Barbour. He married Jane, daughter of James Walker, of 
 Madison, and for a time had his residence in that county. 
 He, as well as Jesse, entered the ministry of the Baptist 
 Church. In 1803 he settled in Albemarle in the Priddy's 
 Creek neighborhood, where he passed the remainder of his 
 days, preaching for the most part to the church of that 
 name. In 1816 he was appointed a magistrate. His death 
 occurred in 1838, at the age of sixty -three. His children 
 were Harriet, Sarah, the wife of Nimrod Bramham Jr. , James 
 W., John W., William, and Ebenezer, who died some years 
 ago near Somerset in Orange. 
 
 James, when a young man, was engaged in the drug busi- 
 ness on the public square in Charlottesville, in partnership 
 with John Field Jr. In 1836 he took a leading part in estab- 
 lishing the Disciples' Church on Market Street, becoming a 
 minister in that denomination, and publishing for a short 
 period one of its organs, the Christian Intelligencer. He 
 was appointed a magistrate in 1841. He was afterwards 
 successfully employed in educational work, founding the 
 Piedmont Female Academy near Priddy's Creek, and at the 
 time of his death in 1870, filling the presidency of a similar 
 institution in Hopkinsville, Ky. His wife was Jane A. 
 Grigsby, of Rockbridge county. 
 
 John was in early life a merchant in Charlottesville in 
 partnership with Christopher Hornsey. He married Poly- 
 dora, daughter of Major John lycwis, of the Sweet Springs, 
 and sister of Mrs. John Cochran. In 1838 he succeeded his 
 father as a magistrate, and in 1854 and 1855 represented the 
 county in the I^egislature. Since the war he occupied the 
 offices both of Sheriff and County Clerk. He died in 1883, 
 aged sixty-eight. 
 
214 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLK 
 
 GRAYSON. 
 
 William Grayson was a native of Spotsylvania, and came 
 to Albemarle some time before the Revolutionary War. In 
 1764 he bought land on the head of Mechum's River from 
 Speaker John Robinson, who was then selling ofi the im- 
 mense tracts in Rockfish valley, patented by his brother-in- 
 law, John Chiswell. Having sold this property a few years 
 after, he purchased from Gamaliel Bailey and Obadiah 
 Martin at what was then known as the Little D. S. , where 
 the old Richard Woods Road forks with that passing through 
 Batesville, and where his descendants have been living ever 
 since. In 1804 he sold a small parcel at this place to Wil- 
 liam Simpson, who there established a tanyard that for 
 many years went by his name, and afterwards by the name 
 of Grayson, and that was one of the most noted landmarks 
 in that neighborhood. Simpson in 1818 sold it to Joseph 
 Grayson, a grandson of William. William died in 1829, 
 having attained the remarkable age of ninety-seven years. 
 His wife was Ann, daughter of Thomas Smith, and his 
 children were John, Thomas, Martha, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Joseph Sutherland, and Susan, the wife first of Isaac Wood, 
 and secondly of a Tomlin. Joseph Grayson married Rhoda, 
 daughter of Daniel White, and died in 1867. His children 
 were Thomas, who married Mary, daughter of John Jones, 
 Ann, the wife of James H. Shelton, Frances, Elizabeth, the 
 wife of Benjamin F. Abell, John and William. 
 
 HAMNER. 
 
 Tradition relates, that the immigrant Hamner bore the 
 name of Nicholas, that he came from Wales and settled in 
 Middlesex County, and that he had six or seven sons. Three 
 of them fixed their homes in Albemarle. The first who 
 appears on the records was William. In 1759 he bought 
 from Thomas Fitzpatrick nearly five hundred acres on the 
 south fork of Hardware, not far from Jumping Hill. The 
 same year he obtained a patent for nearly two hundred acres 
 on the north fork of Hardware, and acquired near by up- 
 wards of seven hundred more, all of which he sold in 1782 
 
HISTORY OF ai,bemarle; 215 
 
 to Colonel John Old. In 1777 he purchased from Dr. James 
 Hopkins about fifteen hundred acres on the waters of Totier. 
 He died in 1785. He and his wife Elizabeth had eleven 
 children, Jeremiah, Turner, Richardson, Henley, Samuel, 
 Mildred, the wife of Jacob Moon, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Thomas Fitzpatrick, Mary, the wife of a Perry, Susan, the 
 wife of Reuben Turner, Rebecca, the wife of James Turner, 
 and the wife of David Strange. Jeremiah and Henley lived 
 in the Biscuit Run valley, Turner at the mouth of Eppes 
 Creek, Samuel near Jumping Hill, Jacob Moon, the Turners 
 and Strange on Totier, though the Turners soon removed to 
 Amherst. Jeremiah married Rebecca, daughter of Castleton 
 Harper, and died in 1815. Most of his children emigrated 
 to Georgia and Alabama, but his daughter Mary remained 
 in Albemarle as the first wife of Samuel Barksdale. Samuel, 
 who died in 1817, married, it is believed, a Morris, probably 
 a daughter of Hugh Rice Morris, of the Totier region, and 
 his children were William, Elizabeth, the wife of Rice Gar- 
 land, Henley, Morris, Samuel, Jane, the wife of a Thomas, 
 and Rhoda, the wife of James Nimmo. William died in 
 1831, and his children were John T., Jesse B., Susan, the 
 wife of a Rice, Martha, the wife of Jacob Waltman, Austin 
 and Samuel, who emigrated to Tennessee, and William, 
 Morris and Samuel married sisters named I^ucas, and about 
 the beginning of the century removed to Charlotte County. 
 The latter was the father of James G. and Thomas L,., min- 
 isters in the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The second of the brothers was Robert, who died in 1750. 
 In 1772 his son Nicholas conveyed to William Hamner 
 two hundred and seventy acres at the mouth of Eppes Creek, 
 which had been devised to him by his father. In 1784 he 
 purchased land north of Glendower, which is still the resi- 
 dence of his grandson. In 1794 he was associated in business 
 with Samuel Dyer at Warren, where he died soon after. His 
 wife was Agnes, daughter of Giles Tompkins, and his chil- 
 dren Susan, the wife of John I/. Cobb, of Bedford, and 
 mother of Nicholas Hamner Cobb, a former Chaplain of the 
 University, and the first Episcopal Bishop of Alabama, Nich- 
 
216 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 olas, who married Mary, daughter of Edward Garland, 
 Edmund, who married Charlotte, daughter of Manoah Clark- 
 son, James, who married Isabel Maxwell, Elizabeth, the wife 
 of a Scruggs, of Buckingham, and Nancy, the wife of Sam- 
 uel Childress. 
 
 The third of the brothers is believed to have been John, 
 who lived in the Biscuit Run valley, and first appears as a 
 purchaser of land in 1778. He married Mary, daughter of 
 Charles and Rachel Wingfield, and his children were Charles 
 W., of Buckingham, from whom descended James and Wade 
 Hamner, of Lynchburg, John, who married Susan Fretwell, 
 Francis, who married Sarah Eubank, Thomas, who married 
 Maria, daughter of Edward Garland, and removed to I/ewis 
 County, West Virginia, Mary and Susan, the wives respec- 
 tively of Meekins and John B. Carr, who emigrated to Dickson 
 County, Tennessee, Elizabeth, the wife of Samuel S. Gay, 
 and Sarah, the wife of David Gentry. 
 
 HANCOCK. 
 
 One of the original patentees of land in the county was 
 Solomon Hancock. In 1756 he obtained the grant of four 
 hundred acres between the Hardware and Totier Creek, 
 Four years after he sold part of it to Giles Tompkins, and 
 removed to Halifax County. In 1777 he sold the remainder 
 to William Tompkins, son of Giles. 
 
 David Hancock in 1834 purchased from John R. Campbell 
 eleven hundred acres on both sides of the Rivanna, above the 
 mouth of Buck Island Creek. He died in 1858. His chil- 
 dren were David, who married Janetta Thurman, Dr. Charles, 
 who married Catharine Thurman, Gustavus, who married 
 Ivily Wimbert, and lived on James River below Howardsville, 
 and Virginia, the wife of Dr. Francis Hancock, of Richmond. 
 David died in 1872, Mrs. Virginia in 1884, Dr. Charles in 
 1885, and Gustavus 1898. All left families. 
 
 Richard J. Hancock was a native of Alabama, and came to 
 Virginia during the civil war with the troops of l/ouisiana. 
 Sojourning in Albemarle while recovering from wounds re- 
 ceived in battle, he married Thomasia, daughter of John O. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARtE 217 
 
 Harris. He succeeded his father-in-law at Ellerslie, which 
 is a part of the old Indian Camp plantation, once the estate 
 of William Short, Washington's Minister to the Hague, and 
 the fame of which as a stock farm he has spread abroad 
 throughout the land. 
 
 HARDIN. 
 
 The family of Hardin occupied a position of some promi- 
 nence in the county at the beginning of the century. Its 
 head was Isaac, who, after living on different places, finally 
 settled about 1785 on the plantation near Greenwood Depot, 
 recently owned by Thomas C. Bowen. Here he resided un- 
 til his death in 1820, at the age of eighty-four. His wife was 
 Elizabeth, daughter of William Brown, and his children 
 Mary, the wife of Samuel B. Smith, whose sons removed to 
 Tennessee, Benjamin, Elizabeth, the wife of Gideon Morgan, 
 Sarah, the wife of Nathaniel Landcraft, Nelson, Isaac B., 
 I/Ucinda, the wife of William Scott, Berry M., and John. 
 About 1808 Nelson emigrated to Mississippi Territory, and 
 Isaac to Tennessee. Berry M. died in 1826. 
 
 For many years Benjamin was a conspicuous figure in the 
 western part of the county. He bought in 1805 the brick 
 house about a mile west of Ivy Depot, which was at first the 
 nucleus, and soon the whole, of the town of Morgantown. 
 Here he kept a tavern having the name of Albemarle Hotel 
 until 1826. From time to time he bought up a few lots of the 
 projected town, as their owners endeavored to realize a return 
 from their investment ; but as they lay unmarked amidst the 
 trees and bushes of the forest, it is surmised the great mass 
 of them quietly lapsed in his hands, totally forgotten by 
 those who held the title. Hardin was a fancier of fine horses, 
 and kept a number of racers. It is likely the temptations 
 connected with such pursuits involved him in undue expense, 
 and led to a neglect of his proper business ; at all events in 
 1827 all his property was sold under deeds of trust. He 
 then removed to Nelson County. In January 1899, his son. 
 Dr. Charles W. Hardin, died near Longwood, Rockbridge 
 County, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. 
 
218 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 HARPER. 
 
 Castleton Harper was a deputy of Joseph Thompson, the 
 first Sheriff of the county. His home was on the north 
 fork of Hardware, near the mouth of Sowell's Branch. His 
 death occurred about 1799. His children were Richard, Cas- 
 tleton, Henry, Rebecca, the wife of Jeremiah Hamner, Mary, 
 the wife of Reuben White, Jemima, the wife of Edward 
 lyyon, and EHinda, believed to have been the wife of Thomas 
 Staples. 
 
 Charles Harper came to Albemarle from Culpeper about 
 1814. In that year he bought from Thomas Wells eight 
 hundred acres south of Ivy Depot. By continued purchases 
 he became the owner of more than twelve hundred acres in 
 that vicinity. In 1817 he disposed of three hundred acres, 
 and half of the mill on Ivy Creek, to his son Joseph. He 
 died in 1848. His wife was lyUcy Smithers, and his children 
 Joseph, Sarah, the wife of John Slaughter, Mary, the wife of 
 William H. Glasscock, William, Charles, Gabriel, I^ydia, 
 the wife of Stephen C. Price, Robert, l/ucy, the wife of Dr. 
 M. I/. Anderson, Nancy, the wife of Uriah P. Bennett, and 
 Eliza Jane, the wife of John Wood Jr. 
 
 Joseph in 1826 sold to Benjamin Wood a tract of fifty acres, 
 which acquired the name of Woodville, but has since been 
 called Ivy Depot. In 1832 he sold his property, and removed 
 to Daviess County, Missouri, where he died the same year 
 as his father. He was twice married, first to Eliza Ann 
 Green, and secondly to Mary Ann Miller, the widow of 
 Robert W. Wood. His children were Twyman W., William, 
 
 Mary, the wife of Martin, Ivucy Ann, the wife of Nor- 
 
 borne T. Martin, a former merchant of Charlottesville, 
 Charles and John. Gabriel married Sarah, daughter of 
 Edmund Anderson and Jane I^ewis. He was appointed a 
 magistrate of the county in 1838. Some years before the war 
 he removed to Appomattox County, and later to Prince 
 Edward. When the war closed, he settled on James River 
 below Richmond, where not long after he died. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 219 
 
 HARRIS. 
 
 Matthew Harris in 1741 patented four hundred acres on 
 the waters of Totier, which he afterwards sold to John 
 Harris. It is believed he soon removed to the present terri- 
 tory of Nelson. He married Miss Lee, and had two sons, 
 William and lyce. Lee married Miss Philips, and his son, 
 William Lee Harris, who married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Clayton Coleman, was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 
 1798, but probably lived in the present bounds of Nelson. 
 
 William Harris, in all likelihood a brother of Matthew, was 
 long one of the early and leading citizens of Albemarle. 
 His first patent was located on Beaverdam of Hardware in 
 1739. He also made entries on Totier and Green Creeks, 
 until during the next forty years he possessed more than two 
 thousand acres. He was evidently a man of fine judgment 
 and great energy. He established on Green Creek one of 
 the first mills erected in that part of the county, and it has 
 ever since been an important centre to the surrounding 
 country. In 1746, the year after the county was organized, 
 he was appointed one of its magistrates. He died in 1788. 
 His wife was Mary Netherland, and his children, Matthew, 
 Sarah, the wife of a Mosby, Elizabeth, the wife of John 
 Digges, Catharine, the wife of a Steger, John, William, Mary, 
 the wife of a Woodfolk, Benjamin, Ann, the wife of Hawes 
 Coleman, and Judith, the wife of George Coleman. From 
 this stem has sprung a greater number of families perhaps 
 than from any other ever domiciled in the county. 
 
 Matthew married Miss Tate, and had fifteen children. 
 Among them were Schuyler, who married Frances Blades, 
 lived two miles north of Covesville, and died in 1803, and 
 whose son, William B., married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Andrew Hart, was the father of Alfred and William Henry, 
 was a magistrate of the county, and a ruling elder in the 
 Cove Church, and died in 1862 ; Matthew, who married Miss 
 Blades, and had a large family, of which the only one 
 remaining is venerable LJoyd Harris, now living near War- 
 ren; Henry T., who became a member of the Albemarle bar 
 in 1808, lived south of Covesville, married his cousin Mary, 
 
220 HISTORY OF AI<BEMARI,E 
 
 daughter of Benjamin Harris, and died in 1845, and whose 
 daughters, Mary and Cornelia, were the wives respectively 
 of Dr. Daniel E. Watson, and Dr. William D. Boaz ; and 
 Mary, the wife of a Barnett, and mother of Nathan J., who 
 lived near Covesville, and was for many years Surveyor of 
 the county. 
 
 Sarah Mosby was the grandmother of Alfred, the father 
 of Colonel John S. Mosby, of Confederate fame. Elizabeth, 
 the wife of John Digges, was the mother of nine children, of 
 whom Elizabeth became the wife of Rev. Isaac Darneille, an 
 Episcopal clergyman, Charlotte, the wife of William Moon, 
 Dorothy, the wife of Marshall Durrett, Nancy, the wife of 
 James Durrett, of Batesville, and I<ucy, the wife of Dabney 
 Carr, of North Garden. 
 
 John Harris was at the time of his death in 1832 the 
 wealthiest man in the county. His home was at Viewmont, 
 south of Carter's Bridge, which he purchased in 1803 from 
 Tucker Moore Woodson. It is said, he added largely to his 
 estate by his business operations during the war of 1812. 
 He was appointed a magistrate in 1807. He was twice mar- 
 ried, first to Frances Rowzy, and secondly to Sarah, widow of 
 Robert Barclay. He left no children of his own, but devised 
 a large portion of his estate to the children of his second wife, 
 two of whom were married to the brothers, John D. and 
 Edward H. Moon. His will was contested, and a long liti- 
 gation ensued before if was finally established in 1838. 
 
 William married Miss Wagstafi, and had eight children. 
 Among them were William B., and Frances, the wife of 
 I/ewis Nicholas. William B. married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Samuel Woods, and was the father of William H. , who 
 married Mary J. Wayland, lived on the old Field place near 
 Batesville, was appointed a magistrate in 1838, and died in 
 1887. 
 
 Benjamin was a man of great wealth, was appointed a 
 magistrate in 1791, and served as Sheriff in 1815. He mar- 
 ried Mary, daughter of Samuel Woods, and had eleven chil- 
 dren. Among them were Dr. William A., who married his 
 cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Schuyler Harris, was a magis- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 221 
 
 trate of the county, and a ruling elder in the Cove Church, 
 and in 1837 removed to Illinois ; and Colonel George W., who 
 died in 1877, and whose children still occupy the old home- 
 stead on the old Irish Road, west of Porter's Precinct. 
 Ann, wife of Hawes Coleman, was the grandmother of Mary, 
 the wife of Dr. Charles D. Everett. 
 
 One of the early settlers on Doyle' s River was Robert Harris . 
 He obtained patents for nearly three thousand acres in that 
 vicinity, his first entry having been made in 1750. His death 
 took place in 1765. He and his wife Mourning had ten chil- 
 dren, Christopher, Robert, Tyree, James, William, I^ucy, the 
 wife of William Shelton, Sarah, the wife of John Rodes, the 
 wife of William Dalton, Mourning, the wife of John Jouett, 
 and Elizabeth, the wife of William Crawford, and mother of 
 William H. Crawford, United States Senator from Georgia, 
 Minister to France, Secretary of the Treasury under Mr. Mon- 
 Toe, and a prominent candidate for the Presidency in 1824. 
 Robert was a Captain in the Revolutionary service, and 
 removed to Surry County, North Carolina. William died 
 early in 1776, and Christopher in 1794. 
 
 James died in 1792. He and his wife Mary had ten chil- 
 dren, Thomas, Joel, Nathan, James, lyUcy, the wife of Thomas 
 Grubbs, Mourning, the wife of Cornelius Maupin, Sarah, the 
 wife of James Harrison, Susan, the wife of Nicholas Burnley, 
 Ann, the wife of a Haden, and Jane, the wife of a Dabney. Joel 
 was appointed a magistrate in 1801, and about 1811 Commis- 
 sioner of the Revenue for Fredericksville parish, which office 
 he held until his death in 1826. He and his wife Anna had 
 three sons, Ira, Joel and Clifton. Ira succeeded his father 
 in the Commissionership, as well as in the old home, the 
 place where Jeremiah A. Early now resides, and died in 1863. 
 He married Sarah, and his brother Clifton, Mary, daughters 
 of Howell lycwis, of North Garden. Nathan removed to 
 I/Cxington, Va., where he resided till his death. He was the 
 father of the Hon. John T. Harris, and Rev. William A. 
 Harris, for many years Principal of the Female Seminary in 
 Staunton. James was appointed a magistrate in 1807. He 
 married Mary, daughter of John and Mary McCuUoch, and 
 
222 HISTOKY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 was associated with his brothers-in-law, Robert and James 
 McCuUoch, in conducting the mill at Millington. In 1822 he 
 sold his property, and removed to another part of the country. 
 
 Another family of this name lived near Free Union. Its 
 head was James, who died in 1797. He and his wife Eliza- 
 beth had six sons and five daughters. One of his sons, Blake, 
 married Mary, daughter of John Alphin, and from another 
 was descended Randolph Frank Harris, who was for some 
 years the mayor of Charlottesville. 
 
 At a later date John O. Harris came to the county from 
 Ivouisa. He purchased part of the old Indian Camp place, 
 which William Short sold in 1813 to David Higginbotham. 
 His wife was Barbara Terrell, and his daughters, Ann and 
 Thomasia, became the wives respectively of John O. Pendle- 
 ton and R. J. Hancock. Mr. Harris died in 1877, and his 
 wife in 1882. 
 
 HARRISON. 
 
 Richard Harrison in 1789 purchased from James Overstreet, 
 of Bedford, a tract of two hundred acres on the Martin King 
 Road, between the waters of Buck Island and Hardware, 
 which he sold four years later to Charles McGehee. One 
 of the same name, and in all probability the same person, 
 married Mary, daughter of Peter Clarkson. He resided in 
 the Whitehall neighborhood, and was the father of a large 
 family. His children were Elizabeth, the wife of Weathers - 
 ton Shelton, Ann, the wife of John Clarkson, Mary, the wife 
 of Charles W. Maupin, who removed to St. Louis, Peter C, 
 Charles, John C, who married Frances Rodes, Julius C, 
 who married Elizabeth Strange, Richard, David, James, who 
 married Sarah Harris, and William. 
 
 In 1829 Dr. Charles Cocke and George M. Payne, as trus- 
 tees of William Moon, sold Belle Grove, the seat of Old Albe- 
 marle Court House on James River, to Peyton Harrison. 
 Mr. Harrison was a son of Randolph Harrison, of Clifton in 
 Cumberland County, and a grandnephew of Benjamin, the 
 signer of the Declaration of Independence. He married Jane, 
 daughter of Judge Dabney Carr. Settling on his plantation 
 near Scottsville, he practiced law for three or four years, but 
 
HISTORY OP AI<BEMARLE 223 
 
 abandoning that profession he entered the Presbyterian min- 
 istry. After making this change of vocation, he returned to 
 Scottsville, and becatne pastor of the Presbyterian Church. 
 Near the close of 1833 he sold Belle Grove to his brother, 
 Carter H. Harrison. Here Carter resided until his death in 
 1844. He was appointed a magistrate of the county in 1835. 
 His wife was Jeanette Fisher, and his sons were George 
 Fisher, Henry, Bdward Jacquelin, and Carter. Henry was 
 the father of George M. Harrison, Judge of the present Court 
 of appeals. 
 
 HART. 
 
 Andrew Hart was a Scotchman by birth, and was estab- 
 lished as a merchant in the southern part of the county as 
 early as 1786. His store was on Jumping Hill, at the south 
 end of Gay's Mountain. At that time the road from Staun- 
 ton to Scott's lyanding^ passed immediately in its front, so 
 that it was a point of public concourse. Mr. Hart was emi- 
 nently successful in his business operations, and attained a 
 high reputation for integrity and worth. Besides the man- 
 agement of his private interests, he was frequently engaged 
 in public affairs, devoting much time to the execution of 
 trusts devolved upon him by the County Court. He was for 
 many years a ruling elder in the Cove Church, and one of its 
 main supporters. His home was at Sunny Bank, the pres- 
 ent residence of his great-grandson, Andrew Hart. He was 
 twice married, first to Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Samuel 
 Leake, and secondly to Elizabeth Bickley, sister of the wife 
 of Samuel Dyer. He died in 1832. 
 
 His children by the first marriage were Samuel I,, and 
 Mary, the wife of David Young. These brothers-in-law were 
 in the early part of the century associated as merchants, and 
 prosecuted an active business in North Garden. Samuel 
 Hart was exceedingly popular, and a wide circle of friends 
 availed themselves of his rare executive gifts. About 1829 
 he removed to Missouri. By the second marriage Mr. Hart's 
 children were James, Andrew, John B., Francis, William D., 
 Eliza, the wife of William B. Harris, Margaret, the wife of 
 
224- HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLE 
 
 Rev. Thornton Rogers, and Celia, the wife of t)r. Jacob Sni- 
 der, who removed to Mississippi. 
 
 James was twice married, first to Sophia, daughter of 
 Schuyler Harris, and secondly to Frances Thomas, widow of 
 Dr. Charles H. Meriwether. His home was in North Garden 
 where H. Carter Moore afterwards lived, but he subsequently 
 removed to Fruitland near Keswick, the present residence of 
 his son-in-law, A. P. Fox. He died in 1874. Andrew was 
 a Presbyterian minister, and died a few years ago at Buch- 
 anan, the place of his last pastorate. John B. was appointed 
 a magistrate in 1824, did business in Scottsville and Missis- 
 sippi successfully for a time, but at length overtaken by com- 
 mercial disaster, removed to Alexandria where he died. 
 Francis received from his father a plantation near Covesville, 
 sold it in 1837 to Dr. Daniel E. Watson, and removed to 
 Richmond. William D. was a man of much energy and vi- 
 vacity, studied law, was a magistrate, represented the county 
 both in the House of Delegates and State Senate, and was a 
 Director of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. He suc- 
 ceeded his father both in the old homestead and the elder- 
 ship of the Cove Church. He married Elizabeth De Jarnette, 
 and had one daughter Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas R. Dew. 
 He departed this life in 1877. 
 
 John Hart, a brother of Andrew, settled in Richmond, 
 where he died unmarried in 1796. He managed his affairs 
 prosperously, and acquired considerable property. By his 
 will he bequeathed a thousand pounds to a sister in Din- 
 lithgow, Scotland, and the residue of his estate to his brother 
 in Albemarle. 
 
 HARVIE. 
 
 John Harvie was a native of Stirlingshire, Scotland, and 
 at the time Albemarle was organized, was living at Belmont 
 near Keswick, a place he bought from Matthew Graves. 
 He was the guardian of Mr. Jefferson, and one of the 
 earliest efiorts of the great statesman's pen, was an inquiry 
 addressed to Mr. Harvie respecting the method of his educa- 
 tion. He died in 1767. His wife was Martha Gaines, and 
 his children Richard, John, Daniel, who married Sarah 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 225 
 
 Taliaferro, William, who married Judith Cosby, Martha, 
 the wife of John Moore, Margaret, the wife of John Daven- 
 port, Elizabeth, the wife of James Marks, Janet, the wife of 
 Reuben Jordan, and Mary, the wife of David Meriwether. 
 Some of these families resided for a time in Amherst, but 
 all except John emigrated to Wilkes County, Georgia, in 
 the decade of 1780. 
 
 John was a prominent man in his generation. He was 
 one of the first lawyers in point of time who practiced at the 
 Albemarle bar. He was a member of the House of Bur- 
 gesses, and of the Continental Congress. He owned large 
 tracts of land in the county, among them Belmont, the Bar- 
 racks and Pen Park. By his influence as a Congressman, 
 he procured the establishment of the Prison Camp at the 
 Barracks. He made his home for some years at Belmont, 
 but on receiving from Mr. Jefferson the appointment of 
 Register of the Land Office he removed to Richmond, and 
 continued in the discharge of its duties during the remainder 
 of his life. He died at Belvidere, his country seat near 
 Richmond, in 1807. He was a public spirited man, and did 
 much to improve his city property, building among other 
 houses what was afterwards known as the Gamble mansion, 
 in the erection of which his death was caused by falling 
 from a ladder. His wife was Margaret, daughter of Gabriel 
 Jones, the distinguished Valley lawyer. His son Jacquelin 
 married Mary, the only daughter of Chief Justice Marshall, 
 and his daughter Gabrielle, a great beauty and wit, became 
 the wife of the elder Thomas Mann Randolph in his old age, 
 a marriage which produced a prodigious sensation at the 
 time, and which occasioned some prudent advice on the part 
 of Mr. Jefferson to his daughter, the wife of Mr. Randolph's 
 son, in accordance with the wonderful practical wisdom that 
 dwelt in the man. After the death of her husband, Gabrielle 
 was married to Dr. John W. Brockenbrough, of Richmond 
 and the Warm Springs. 
 
 HAYS. 
 
 Four persons named Hays came to the county from 
 Augusta about 1780, William, James, David and John. It 
 —IS 
 
226 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 
 
 is likely they were brothers; James and David certainly 
 were. William bought land from Thomas Smith on the 
 head waters of Mechum's River. He married Charity, a 
 sister of Rev. Benjamin Burgher, and in 1795 sold out and 
 removed to Kentucky. James at first settled in the same 
 vicinity, but afterwards purchased from John Mills a tract 
 that included the present farm of Brooksville. There just 
 before the close of the last century he laid out the town of 
 New York, and disposed of a number of lots. For many 
 years he kept a tavern, a well known stand in its day, which 
 after his death was carried on by his widow. He displayed 
 such prudent skill in the management of his affairs, that he 
 was able to devise to his three sons a thousand acres of 
 land. He died in 1813. His wife was Mary, daughter of 
 Claudius Buster, who was married a second time to John 
 Morrison. His children were James, Nathaniel, Thomas, 
 and Elizabeth, the wife of Robert Brooks. James purchased 
 the portions of his brothers, who seem to have removed to 
 Monroe County. He married Margaret Yancey, a daughter 
 probably of Colonel Charles Yancey. He gradually sold off 
 his property, and appears to have emigrated to another part 
 of the country about 1830. 
 
 John Hays conducted a public house in the same section, 
 and died in 1826. David owned land near the foot of Yellow 
 Mountain, a short distance north of Batesville. He was a 
 farmer, a storekeeper, a ruling elder in the I,ebanon Church, 
 and for a time Colonel of the Forty-Seventh Regiment. He 
 died about 1856. Shortly after that time, a son, David T., 
 sold his land in that neighborhood, and removed elsewhere. 
 William, another son as is supposed, married Mary, daugh- 
 ter of John Dettor, and died not long before, or during, the 
 war. 
 
 HENDERSON. 
 
 At an early day the family of Henderson owned land near 
 Milton, both on the north and south sides of the Rivanna. 
 A stream which empties into the river below Milton, and 
 which rises not far from CoUe, was for many years known as 
 Henderson's Branch. John Henderson bought the land on 
 
HISTORY OP AI,BEMARI,B 227 
 
 which Milton stands from Dr. Arthur Hopkins, who entered 
 it in 1732. He died in 1786. It is conjectured his wife was 
 a Bennett, as that was a given name in the family from gen- 
 eration to generation. His children were John, Bennett, 
 William, Klizabeth, the wife of David Crawford, Susan, the 
 wife of John Clark, Mary and Hannah, both married to Bul- 
 locks, and Frances, the first wife of John Thomas, of Am- 
 herst. 
 
 John Jr. , was the owner, by gift from his father and father- 
 in-law, of a large quantity of land lying below Milton, and 
 in the Biscuit Run Valley. He was manifestly a man of in- 
 fluence on his own account. He was a magistrate, and filled 
 the ofl&ce of Sheriff, though in consequence of the loss of the 
 early records the time is not known. He died in 1790, only 
 four years after the death of his father. His wife was Frances, 
 daughter of John Moore, and his children Bennett, Matthew, 
 William, Mary, the wife of Hopkins I^ewis, Frances, the 
 wife of John Hines, Sarah, the wife of Micajah Clark, and 
 Elizabeth , the wife of Peter Martin. Bennett emigrated to Jes- 
 samine County, Kentucky, about 1800, and Matthew followed 
 him a few years later. William, who married Rebecca, 
 daughter of John Hudson, conveyed six hundred acres on Bis- 
 cuit Run to Walter Coles in 1806, when he presumably joined 
 his kindred in the West. John Hines lived at the Pillars of 
 Hercules, now known as Millington, sold the place in 1807 to 
 Thomas FHis, and removed to Kentucky, where after his de- 
 cease his widow became the wife of John NicoU, of Allen 
 County. Hopkins Lewis lived on a farm on Biscuit Run 
 given his wife by her father, but his management of it was so 
 intolerable, that in 1801 the court took it from his control, 
 and in 1827 his seven children, scattered over Kentucky and 
 Tennessee, appointed attorneys to dispose of it. 
 
 Bennett, the second son of John Sr., was a man of much 
 consideration. He was a magistrate of the county. It was on 
 his land Milton was built. He resided there, and in the 
 exercise of a liberal, enterprising spirit erected a large flour- 
 ing mill, and a tobacco warehouse, that during the next 
 thirty years preserved the name of Henderson in the commu- 
 
228 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 nity. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Charles 
 1/ewis Jr., of Buck Island, and had twelve children, John, 
 who married Ann B. Hudson, sister of his cousin William's 
 wife, William, Sarah, the wife of John R. Kerr, James, 
 Charles, Isham, Bennett, Hillsborough, Eliza, the wife of 
 John H. Bullock, Frances, the wife of Thomas Hornsby, 
 lyucy, the wife of John Wood, and Nancy Crawford, the wife 
 of Matthew Nelson. Bennett Henderson died comparatively 
 young in 1793, and within the next fifteen years his widow 
 and all her children had removed to Kentucky. Their land 
 around Milton, which was sold to Craven Peyton, came into 
 Mr. Jefferson's hands in 1811 ; and in the deed to Mr. Jeffer- 
 son, evidently written by his own hand in the precise lan- 
 guage which marks all his writings, there is a full account 
 of Bennett Henderson's family. 
 
 James P. Henderson was a grandson of Justice John Blair, 
 of the United States Supreme Court, and one of the heirs of 
 Blair Park. By purchasing the interest of John Blair Peachy, 
 the other heir, in 1831, he became the sole owner. He mar- 
 ried Margaret C, daughter of Richard Pollard, and grand- 
 daughter of Robert Rives, and had one child, Pauline, who 
 became the wife of David M . Clarkson , of New York. He put 
 an end to his own life at Cocke's Tavern in 1835. 
 
 HENING. 
 
 William Waller Hening, the compiler of the Statutes at 
 Large of Virginia, was at one time a resident of Charlottes- 
 ville, and a regular practitioner at its bar. He settled in the 
 town in 1793, and seems to have come from Spotsylvania. 
 His place of residence was first on the southern boundary 
 of the place, near where Vandegrift's Planing Mill recently 
 stood, and subsequently on the south side of University Street, 
 not far from the Delavan Church. He dealt somewhat in 
 real estate, but apparently not with much success. He was 
 the owner of a Distillery which was once located beside the 
 spring on the west side of the old I^ynchburg Road, a little 
 northeast of Orangedale, and with which his name was asso' 
 ciated long after his removal from the county. This event 
 
HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE 22 9 
 
 occurred in 1805, when he went to Richmond to engage in 
 the useful work of collecting and -publishing the Laws of 
 Virginia. He was unquestionably induced to undertake this 
 task by Mr. Jefferson, to whom it had been a matter of deep 
 interest and great labor for many years. He was also asso- 
 ciated with William Munford in publishing Hening & Mun- 
 ford's Reports. His wife was Agatha, daughter of Henry 
 Banks. Mr. Hening continued to hold the ownership of 
 some lots in the southern portion of the town, and of some 
 land near Moore's Creek, which was finally closed out in 1830 
 by his son-in-law, Robert G. W. Spotswood. He died in 
 Richmond in 1828. 
 
 HOPKINS. 
 
 As early as 1732, Dr. Arthur Hopkins, who resided on one 
 of the branches of Byrd Creek in Goochland, obtained a 
 patent for four hundred acres where Milton now stands, an- 
 other in 1748 for nearly twenty-three hundred on Totier Creek, 
 and a third in 1765 for fourteen hundred and seventeen be- 
 tween Hardware and Totier, which had been granted to Har- 
 din Burnley, but forfeited for failure to pay the quit rents. 
 He died in 1766. He and his wife EJlizabeth had eight chil- 
 dren, Samuel, John, Arthur, William, James, I/Ucy, the wife 
 of George Robinson, of Pittsylvania, Mary, the wife of 
 Joseph Cabell, and Isabel. 
 
 Samuel married Isabella Taylor, a cousin of President 
 Madison's grandmother, and of President Taylor's grand- 
 father, and an aunt of John Taylor, of Caroline. Their son 
 Samuel was Lieutenant Colonel of the Tenth Virginia in the 
 Revolution, and General in Kentucky in the war of 1812, for 
 whom Hopkins County and Hopkinsville in that State were 
 named. Arthur went to Kentucky, and died unmarried. 
 William lived in Albemarle on Totier. He married Eliza- 
 beth daughter of Jacob Moon, and died in 1820. His 
 children were Ann, the wife of Peter Porter, who removed to 
 Missouri, Mildred, the wife of James Thomas, Jane, the 
 wife of I/ittleberry Moon, and mother of Samuel O. Moon, 
 Mary, Margaret, Isabel, the wife of Henry Turner, and 
 mother of the venerable William H. Turner, Elizabeth, the 
 
230 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 wife of Jesse Haden, Samuel — the last two emigrated to 
 Kentucky — and William. William had his home in the 
 vicinity of Scottsville, married Rebecca Estis, and died in 
 1832. His children were Mary, the wife of lyain B. Jones, 
 Martha, the wife of John H. Henderson, James, and Mar- 
 garet, the wife of Moses Arnold. 
 
 James, the son of Dr. Arthur, was the accomplished phy- 
 sician who settled in Nelson County, and as already narrated, 
 was basely murdered in 1803. 
 
 Mary, daughter of Mary Hopkins and Joseph Cabell, be- 
 came the wife of John Breckinridge, then of Botetourt County, 
 but subsequently United States Senator from Kentucky, and 
 Mr. Jefferson's Attorney General. Mr. Cabell, who had 
 bought the glebe of St. Anne's on the south fork of Totier, 
 presented it to his daughter, and there Mr. Breckinridge 
 made his residence from 1785 to 1793, when he removed to 
 Kentucky. During that time he was a member of the 
 Albemarle bar, and in 1792 in the interval between the 
 resignation of the first John Nicholas, and the appointment 
 of the second, as Clerk of the county, he acted as Clerk pro 
 tern. His two eldest children were born in Albemarle, one 
 of whom was the father of the Vice President. 
 
 HUDSON. 
 
 One of the earliest patentees of land in the wilds of Albe- 
 marle was Charles Hudson, of Hanover. His first entry was 
 made in 1730 on the Hardware, below Carter's Bridge. It 
 was for two thousand acres, and within the next three 
 years he obtained grants for sixteen hundred more in the 
 same locality. It embraced Mount Air, which was one of 
 the seats of the Hudson family for more than a hundred years. 
 The stream entering the south side of the Hardware below 
 Mount Air, was formerly known as Hudson's Creek. Charles 
 Hudson also took out a patent in 1735 for two thousand acres 
 on Ivy Creek, southwest of Ivy Depot, which he sold two 
 years later to the elder Michael Woods. It is almost certain 
 he never lived in Albemarle himself. He died in 1748, and 
 the executor of his estate was his son-in-law, John Wingfield. 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMARI,E 231 
 
 His wife was probably a Roy all, and his children were Wil- 
 liam, John, Christopher, Mary, the wife of John Wingfield, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Nicholas Johnson, Rebecca, the wife 
 of Robert Wathen, Sarah, the wife of Richard Holland, and 
 Ann, the wife of Joseph I^ewis. In 1762 Mary Wingfield, 
 still living in Hanover, conveyed to her son Charles part of 
 five hundred acres in Albemarle given her by her father, and 
 named Prospect, where Charles was living at the time. This 
 Charles was the forefather of most of the Wingfields, who 
 have since resided in the county. 
 
 John Hudson had his residence on the lower Hardware. 
 He died in 1768. He and his wife Ann had four children, 
 Charles, John, Christopher, and Mary, the wife of a Gaines. 
 Charles married Jane, daughter of Colonel Charles I^ewis Jr., 
 of Buck Island. Their daughter, Martha Eppes, was the 
 wife of Tucker Moore Woodson, who about 1804 removed to 
 Kentucky. Charles Hudson seems not to have been pros- 
 perous in his affairs. In 1807 he exchanged with Samuel 
 Dyer the place on Hardware where he lived, for a tract of land 
 in Barren County, Kentucky, to which he probably removed. 
 John, whose residence was on the Hardware, died in 1801. 
 His children were John, who died in 1827, Charles, who died 
 in 1837 , and whose daughter Isaetta became the wife of Isaac 
 R. Barksdale, Elizabeth, the wife of Charles A. Scott, 
 Rebecca, the wife of William Henderson, Sarah, Mary, the 
 wife of a Cobbs, and Ann Barber, the wife of John Hender- 
 son. 
 
 Christopher, the son of the first Charles, displayed more of 
 the ability and thrift of his father than any other of his de- 
 scendants. At the time of his death, which took place in 1825, 
 he was the possessor of more than five thousand acres of 
 land. He was appointed a magistrate in 1800, but four 
 years after resigned. His home was at Mount Air. He 
 married Sarah, daughter of David Anderson, and his chil- 
 dren were Elizabeth, the wife of George Gilmer, and Ann, 
 the wife of William Tompkins. His grandson, Thomas W. 
 Gilmer, had charge of the administration of his large estate. 
 
232 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 HUGHES. 
 
 Thomas Hughes, who came from Buckingham, and lived 
 on James River, died in 1779. His children were William, 
 Moses, Mary, the wife of a Jude, and Rebecca, the wife of a 
 Ball. William was a man of some prominence. He was 
 acting as a magistrate of the county in 1783, and served as 
 Sheriff in 1797. He and his wife Mary had five children, 
 Rebecca, Robert, Jane, the wife of Alexander Fretwell, 
 Hannah, the wife of Bdward Thomas, and Sarah, the wife of 
 Samuel Irvin. He died in 1813. 
 
 Stephen Hughes was a large landholder near Charlottes - 
 ville at the time the town was established. In 1764 he pur- 
 chased from John Grills nearly a thousand acres on Moore's 
 Creek, including the tnouth of Biscuit Run. In June 1762 
 he bought from Colonel Richard Randolph, of Henrico, five 
 hundred and fifty -eight acres lying mainly on the east side 
 of the present Scottsville Road, and extending from the 
 limits of the town beyond Moore's Creek; this tract, except 
 a few acres, he sold in 1765 to Creed Childress, who the 
 same year sold it to Nicholas lycwis. His dwelling was not 
 far from where the old L,ynchburg Road crosses Moore's 
 Creek. He died in 1793. He was twice married, and his 
 children were Stephen, Mary, the wife of James Mayo, Kd- 
 ward, Sarah, and I^etitia, the wife of Francis Taliaferro. 
 Stephen about 1810 built a mill on Moore's Creek, which 
 occupied the site of that which now belongs to Jesse L. 
 Maury. He disposed of it to John Wheeler, who in 1820 
 sold it to Reuben Maury and John M. Perry. Fdward died 
 about 1826. His wife was Elizabeth Chisholm, and his 
 children Nancy,; Mary, Martha, Susan, Sarah, William 
 and John. Mary became the wife of Washington Chiles, who 
 was for many years one of the cabinet makers of the town, 
 and lived on the south side of Main Street, east of the Per- 
 ley Building. 
 
 IRVIN. 
 
 Rev. William Irvin was one of the early Presbyterian 
 ministers of the county. He received his education in part 
 at the school of Rev. John Todd in I^ouisa. He was received 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 233 
 
 by the Presbytery of Hanover in 1769, and settled as pastor 
 of the Cove and Rockfisb Churches in 1771. He married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Holt, who served in the Rev- 
 olution as First Ivieutenant in the Fourth Virginia, and who 
 purchased land from Colonel Charles lyewis on the Staunton 
 Road west of Ivy Depot, where he resided until 1794. Mr. 
 Irvin bought part of this land from his father-in-law, but 
 sold it in 1783, and the same year purchased from Charles 
 Martin a farm on the south fork of Hardware, where J. 
 Goulet Martin now lives, and where he made his home until 
 his death in 1809. His relation to Rockfish Church was 
 dissolved in 1776, and he then devoted his time to preaching 
 at the Cove, D. S., and Mountain Plains. In July 1793 his 
 old preceptor, Rev. John Todd, met with a tragic death on 
 his return from a meeting of Presbytery at the Cove. The 
 road on the east side of Persimmon Mountain passed then, 
 as it does still, along the bed of the South Hardware for a 
 short distance; there the venerable minister was found, lying 
 in the stream with life extinct. Whether he was smitten 
 with an apoplectic-stroke, or whether his horse took fright, 
 and starting suddenly threw him, was not known. It is said, 
 he was accustomed to ride a spirited horse. 
 
 Mr. Irvin had ten children, some of whom attained a 
 degree of eminence in the world; Joseph Holt, Margaret. 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Dabney C. Gooch, Nancy, the wife of 
 Thomas W. Gooch, Sarah, the wife of Robert Sangster, John, 
 William W., James, Thomas and David. Joseph was ad- 
 mitted to the Albemarle bar in 1796, married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of William Cole of North Garden, and died in 1805, 
 leaving two daughters, one of whom, Susan, was married 
 first to Colonel Thomas Wood, and was the mother of Dr. 
 Alfred Wood and Mrs. Jeremiah A. Early, and secondly to 
 John Fray. John lived on the old place, was a magistrate 
 of the county, and died in 1828, leaving a number of chil- 
 dren, all of whom removed to Campbell and Prince Edward 
 Counties. William became a member of the Albemarle bar, 
 but emigrated to Lancaster, Ohio, where he was appointed 
 a Judge of the Supreme Court, and elected to Congress in 
 
234 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 1828. Thomas joined his brother William in Ohio, and be- 
 came Judge of the lyancaster Circuit. David was also a 
 lawyer, received the appointment of Governor of Wisconsin 
 Territory, and afterwards settled in Texas, where he was 
 left by the war with only the shreds of a large fortune, and 
 where he shortly after died. 
 
 JAMESON. 
 
 The Jamesons were settled at an early day on Moorman's 
 River, both above and below Whitehall. John Jameson took 
 out a patent for lani on the north side of that stream in 1741, 
 and Samuel, his brother or son, on the branches of Spring 
 Creek in 1747. In 1765 Samuel purchased the land in the 
 old Woods Gap from Archibald Woods, who had entered it 
 in 1756. His son Alexander sold it in 1809 to David Stephen- 
 son, of Augusta. Samuel died in 1788. He and his wife 
 Jean had nine children, four of whom were Alexander, 
 Thomas, John and Samuel. Samuel Jr., died about 1805. 
 His wife's name was Margaret, and his children were Han- 
 nah, the wife of William Harris, Jane, the wife of William 
 Maupin, Elizabeth, the wife of a Harris, Catharine, the wife 
 of Nathan Mills, Mary, the wife of Nehemiah Birckhead, 
 William and Samuel. Some of the sons of this family were 
 mighty hunters, as is manifest from their frequent reports of 
 wolf scalps to the County Court. 
 
 It is supposed that Thomas Jameson, who was a physician 
 in busy practice in Charlottesville the early part of the cen - 
 tury, was a scion of this stock. In 1806 he lived on the lot 
 on which the family of J. J. Conner resides at present, and 
 which he purchased from William G. Garner. In one of his 
 conveyances it is described as being "on the upper street 
 leading out to Jameson's Gap," that being evidently the 
 name of what is now called Turk's Gap. He married Eva- 
 lina, daughter of William Alcock, and sister of the second 
 wife of John Kelly. In 1815 he sold his residence to Mr. 
 Kelly, and it is believed emigrated to the West. 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLB 235 
 
 JARMAN. 
 
 The first of the Jarman name settled in the county was 
 Thomas, who obtained a grant of land on Moorman's River 
 in 1762. His children were Elizabeth, the wife of Zacha- 
 riah Maupin, Mary, the wife- of Benajah Brown, William, 
 Martha, the wife of Daniel Maupin, Frances, the wife of John 
 A. Michie, and James. James had his residence on the east 
 side of the road in Brown's Cove, about a mile south of 
 Doylesville. He was appointed a magistrate in 1819, and 
 was frequently employed in the county business of his dis- 
 trict. He died in 1847, and was succeeded in the homestead 
 by his son, Miletus, who departed this life in 1874. 
 
 William established himself in 1790 near the present 
 Mechum's Depot. He soon after built the mill at that place, 
 which was for many years known by his name, and on the 
 site of which one has existed ever since. In 1805 he and 
 Brightberry Brown undertook the construction of Brown's 
 Turnpike, beginning at a point called Camping Rock, cross- 
 ing the Ridge at Brown's Gap, descending through Brown's 
 Cove, and terminating at Mechum's Depot. A formal accept- 
 ance of it took place the next year by Commissioners 
 appointed from both sides of the mountain. William Jarman 
 died in 1813. He married Sarah, daughter of John Maupin, 
 and had- five sons and six daughters. In 1,819 James, his 
 eldest son, sold his half of the Turnpike to Ira Harris for one 
 hundred dollars. His son Thomas bought the land on the 
 summit of the Ridge at the old Woods Gap, and since his 
 purchase the Gap has generally gone by his name. His 
 daughter Mary became the wife of the younger William 
 Woods, of Beaver Creek, and mother of Peter A. Woods > 
 formerly one of the merchants of Charlottesville. 
 
 JEFFERSON. 
 
 Peter Jefferson, the father of the President, was a native 
 of Chesterfield, and removed to the present limits of Albe- 
 marle in 1737. He entered the wilderness literally, as when 
 he first came there were but three or four persons living in 
 the neighborhood. His first entry was that of a thousand 
 
236 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 
 
 acres on the south side of the Rivanna, between Monticello 
 Mountain and the Henderson land above Milton. Wishing 
 a more eligible site for his house, he bought from his friend 
 William Randolph, of Tuckahoe, the Shadwell tract of four 
 hundred acres, where his distinguished son was born. He 
 had been a magistrate and Sheriff in Goochland, and when 
 Albemarle was formed, was one of its original magistrates, and 
 its I/ieutenant Colonel. He also represented the county in the 
 House of Burgesses. He was employed with Colonel Joshua 
 Fry to run the boundary line between Virginia and North 
 Carolina, and to make the first map of Virginia ever drafted. 
 When William Randolph died in 1747, leaving a son of ten- 
 der age, he committed him to Mr. Jefferson's care, and more 
 efficiently to discharge this trust Mr. Jefferson removed to 
 Tuckahoe, where he resided seven years. This circumstance 
 explains the difficulty in Mr. Waddell's mind, when in his 
 Annals of Augusta County, he wondered how Thomas Lewis 
 and his friends, who had gone to Mr. Jefferson's to make a 
 map of the survey of the Northern Neck line, could ride from 
 his house to Richmond to hear preaching on Sunday. He 
 returned to Albemarle in 1755, and died in 1757. His wife 
 was Jane, daughter of Isham Randolph, of Dungeness, and 
 his children Jane, who died unmarried, Thomas, Randolph, 
 Mary, the wife of Thomas Boiling, Martha, the wife of Dabney 
 Carr, I/Ucy, the wife of Charles I/ilburn L,ewis, and Ann, 
 the wife of Hastings Marks. 
 
 Thomas was born in 1743, married in 1771 Martha, daugh- 
 ter of John Wayles, of Charles City, and widow of Bathurst 
 Skelton, and died July 4, 1826. He had two daughters, 
 Martha, the wife of Governor Thomas Mann Randolph, and 
 Mary, the wife of John W. Eppes. He was one of the largest 
 landholders in the county, being assessed in 1820 with four 
 thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine acres. Soon after 
 attaining his majority, he was appointed a magistrate of the 
 county, and at the first session of the County Court after 
 his decease, the following memorial was entered upon its 
 records : 
 
 "As a testimonial of respect for the memory of Thomas 
 Jefferson, who devoted a long life to the service of his coun- 
 
HISTORY OP AI<BEMARLB 2 37 
 
 try, the principles of liberty, and the happiness of mankind ; 
 who aided conspicuously in the cause of the American Revolu- 
 tion; who drafted the Declaration of the principles, on which 
 the Independence of these States was declared; who uni- 
 formly exerted his great talents to aid both the civil and 
 religious liberties of his countrymen, and by whose practical 
 administration of the principles he had promulgated in many 
 stations, legislative, diplomatic and executive, in which he 
 had acted as a public functionary, the equal rights of his 
 countrymen were promoted, and secured at home and abroad ; 
 who, uniting to a native benevolence a cultivated philan- 
 thropy, was peculiarly endeared to his countrymen and 
 neighbors, who were witnesses of his virtue : 
 
 Resolved therefore that this testimonial be recorded as a 
 perpetual memorial of respect and affection of his country- 
 men, and of the Court of Albemarle, of which he was once a 
 member; and 
 
 Resolved that this Court and its officers, as a testimony of 
 public respect, will wear crape on the left arm for thirty days, 
 and will now adjourn." 
 
 Randolph Jefferson in 1781 married Ann, daughter of 
 Charles I^ewis Jr., of Buck Island. He had his residence in 
 Fluvanna County. He had two sons, Thomas and Isham 
 R. Thomas was twice married, first to his cousin Mary R., 
 daughter of Charles lyilburn I^ewis, and secondly in 1858 to 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Barker, daughter of Henry Siegfried. His 
 children were Peter Field and Robert L,. Peter Field lived 
 in Scottsville, and by his shrewdness and frugality amassed 
 a large fortune. He died in 1861, leaving a son bearing his 
 own name, and a daughter, the wife of Peter Foland. Peter 
 Field Jr., died in 1867. Robert I,, married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Robert Moorman, lived near Porter's Precinct, and 
 died in 1858. His children were Eldridge, who lived in the 
 same section of the county till after the war, and Mary, the 
 wife of Albert W. Gantt. 
 
 A story is told of Randolph, that one day he came to his 
 brother to unburden his mind of a weighty idea that had 
 struck him, and announced himself thus: "Tom, I'll tell you 
 
238 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 how to keep the squirrels from pillaging the corn. You see 
 they always get on the outside row. Well then, don't plant 
 any outside row" — which, if true, well illustrates a reflection 
 of Miss Sarah Randolph, "It is curious to remark the unequal 
 distribution of talent in this family, each gifted member seem- 
 ing to have been made so at the expense of one of the others." 
 A Thomas Jefferson, who in the first days of the county 
 was one of its deputy Surveyors, was no doubt a brother of 
 Peter, the President's father. 
 
 JONES. 
 
 Many persons named Jones have lived in Albemarle. 
 Orlando Jones appears at the earliest date . In 17 60 he bought 
 four hundred acres from John Scott, and fourteen years later 
 four hundred more from Joseph Anthony, both tracts being 
 on the waters of Totier. It was unquestionably at his place 
 that Major Anbury, and others of the Saratoga prisoners, 
 were quartered, while in the county ; and there is as little ques- 
 tion that it is the same place near Glendower, that was recently 
 occupied by the late R. J. Lecky. Jones married as his sec- 
 ond wife Elizabeth Clayton, sister of Edith, wife of Rev. 
 Charles Clay, and daughter or niece of John Clayton, the 
 celebrated botanist of Virginia. He died in 1793. His 
 widow was subsequently married to William Walker, and his 
 son, L,ain, succeeded to the homestead, which then went by 
 the name of Mount Gallant. In 1800 I^ain was the bearer of 
 a challenge from George Carter to James I^ewis, and together 
 with his principal was placed under bonds. He died in 
 1805, leaving three sons, Orlando, I^ain B., and William. 
 I/ain B. in 1825 married Mary, daughter of Captain William 
 Hopkins. His mode of living led to the incumbering of his 
 estate, and in 1824 it was sold under a deed of trust to John 
 Neilson, one of the builders of the University. When after 
 the death of Neilson the place was sold by Andrew I/citch, 
 his executor, it was purchased by James Jones, a gentleman 
 of considerable wealth. He made it his residence until his 
 death in 1838. He and his wife Margaret had six children, 
 James, William, Ann, Sarah, I/Ucy, the wife of a Moseley, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 239 
 
 and Virginia. The next year the plantation was sold to 
 John H. Coleman and Dr. Samuel W. Tompkins. 
 
 In 1762 a James Jones bought eight hundred acres from 
 Joseph Anthony at the northeast corner of Dudley's Moun- 
 tain. His home was on the old I/ynchburg Road, and Jones's 
 Still House, and Jones's Branch constantly occur in the 
 early records as marking the lines of the road precincts. 
 He had a son, James Jr., who lived on part of the estate. 
 It is believed that Allen Jones, who resided in the same 
 vicinity, was also a descendant. Allen married Nancy, 
 daughter of John Carr. In 1821 he was desirous of remov- 
 ing South, and advertised his place for sale. He finally 
 sold in 1833 to John H. Maddox, and presumably accom- 
 plished his purpose. 
 
 In 1765, John Jones, of Louisa, bought from Henry Ter- 
 rell more than eight hundred acres adjoining Batesville, and 
 including Castle Mountain. During the next eight ytars he 
 purchased from William Garrett upwards of thirteen hun- 
 dred in North Garden, on the north side of Tom's Mountain. 
 He sold in 1778 a thousand and eighty-one acres of that 
 lying east of Israel's Gap to William Cole, of Charles City, 
 and a portion of that lying west to Robert Field in 1782 . 
 He died in 1793. His wife's name was Frances, and his son 
 John in 1806 married FHzabeth, daughter of Daniel White. 
 The son's home was on Beaver Creek, where his grandson, 
 James Rea, now resides, and he died in 1868. His children 
 were Nancy, the wife of William Woods, Mary, the wife of 
 Thomas Grayson, Elizabeth, the wife of Bland Rea, and 
 Sarah Jane, the wife of John M. Godwin. 
 
 Thomas Jones, who commenced his purchase of land in 
 1767, became the owner of more than twelve hundred acres 
 on Blue Run, and the Orange line. The most of it was 
 acquired from Thomas Garth, and his son John. Jones sold 
 the larger portion of it to Francis Gray. He died in 1799. 
 
 Later appeared on the scene John R. Jones, a name well 
 remembered by many. Perhaps no man in the county ever 
 led a more energetic and industrious life. He was at first 
 connected in business with his brother-in-law, Nimrod 
 
240 HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 
 
 Bramham, with whom he subsequently entered into partner- 
 ship. This was dissolved in 1821, when Mr. Jones became 
 a merchant on his own account. In 1819 he was appointed 
 a magistrate, and was active in performing the duties of 
 that ofiB.ce. He was constantly called upon to act as trustee, 
 or administrator, in managing the affairs of others. Par- 
 ticularly as trustee of Edmund Anderson, he took charge of 
 his property in this county in 1829, and sold off the remain- 
 ing lots in Anderson's Addition to Charlottesville. He was 
 the first President of the Branch of the Farmers' Bank of 
 Virginia established in Albemarle. In 1814 he purchased 
 the square west of the Baptist Church, and built the brick 
 mansion which was some time his residence. In his latter 
 years he was embarrassed by financial troubles, and died in 
 1868. His wife was Gilly Marshall, and his children 
 William, the father of Rev. J. William Jones, Dr. James L,., 
 Gen. John M., who fell in 1864 at Spotsylvania C. H., 
 Thomas, Mary, the wife of James M. Daniel, Ariadne, the 
 wife of T. T. Hill, Georgiana and Gilly. 
 
 Still later Dr. Basil Jones, the father of James D. and 
 Major Horace, was for a time a citizen of Charlottesville. 
 
 JOUETT. 
 
 Among the earliest entries on the Court records of Albe- 
 marle in 1745, is a notice of the death of Matthew Jouett, and 
 the appointment of John Moore as his executor. It can 
 scarcely be doubted that John Jouett, who was for many years 
 a prominent citizen of Charlottesville, was a sou of this 
 Matthew. In 1773 John purchased from John Moore one hun- 
 dred acres adjoining the town on the east and north, and at 
 that time most likely erected the Swan Tavern, of famous 
 memory. Three years later he bought from the same gentle- 
 man three hundred acres south of the town, including the 
 mill now owned by Hartman. In 1790 he laid out High 
 Street, with the row of lots on either side, and by an act of 
 the Legislature they were vested in trustees to sell at auction , 
 after giving three weeks' notice in the Virginia Gazette. He 
 kept the Swan until his death in 1802. In the Central Ga- 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 241 
 
 zette of October 8th, 1824, there appeared an earnest appeal 
 to the citizens of Charlottesville to erect a stone over his grave , 
 but the voice died away unheeded, and the grave is now un- 
 known. At the time of his death, and for many years after, 
 no public place of burial in the town existed. According to 
 the custom of that day, he was most probably buried in the 
 yard in the rear of his house, and his remains lie somewhere 
 in the square on which the old Town Hall is situated. His 
 wife was Mourning, daughter of Robert Harris, of Brown's 
 Cove, and his children Matthew, John, Robert, Margaret, the 
 wife of Nathan Crawford, Mary, the wife of Thomas Allen, 
 Frances, the wife of Menan Mills, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Clifton Rodes, Charles, and Susan, the wife of Thomas C. 
 Fletcher. 
 
 Matthew was a Captain in the Revolutionary army, and 
 fell in the battle of Brandywine. John succeeded his father 
 in conducting the Swan, but shortly after removed to Bath 
 County, Kentucky. His wife was Sarah Robards, a sister of 
 the first husband of President Jackson's wife. Robert was 
 also a Captain in the war of the Revolution, and afterwards a 
 member of the Albemarle bar. He owned and resided on 
 the lot on the Square where the Saunders House now stands. 
 He died in 1796, leaving a daughter Alice, who became the 
 wife of James W. Bouldin, of Charlotte County. She and 
 her husband in 1818 conveyed this lot, and the square on 
 High Street on which Dr. Hugh Nelson lives, to John Winn. 
 Charles Jouett removed to the West. In the latter part of 
 1804 he was in Detroit, but whether he settled there is not 
 known. His father devised to him the tract of land south of 
 Charlottesville, and in 1813 he and his wife Susan conveyed 
 it to William D. Meriwether. This explains why the mill 
 was known as Meriwether's for many years. Most of the 
 daughters removed with their husbands to Kentucky. 
 
 The general tradition about Charlottesville has always 
 been, that it was John Jouett Sr. who performed the exploit 
 of outstripping Tarleton, and apprising Mr. Jefferson and the 
 I^egislature of his approach in 1781. It was supposed that 
 the appeal for a monument to be raised to his memory al- 
 —16 
 
242 HISTOKY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 ready alluded to, was based upon the recognition of the 
 splendid act, by which he honored the town of his residence, 
 and conferred one of the greatest benefits on the State and 
 country ; but unfortunately the file of papers which contained 
 the appeal, was consumed in 1895 by the fire at the Univer- 
 sity where it was deposited. It has recently been learned 
 from Thomas M. Green, of Kentucky, that the descendants 
 of the family residing in that State, claim that the bold and 
 opportune ride from Louisa C. H. was made by John Jouett 
 Jr., that the I/egislature of Virginia presented him with a 
 sword in commemoration of the deed, and that the sword 
 still remains in the family as a testimonial of the fact. If 
 the sword was given by the I^egislature, the act, or resolu- 
 tion, directing the presentation ought to appear in its pro- 
 ceedings; but Hening's Statutes for the period have been 
 searched for it in vain. As the father and son bore the same 
 name, might it not be that the achievement belonged to the 
 father, and the sword of acknowledgment descended by gift 
 or inheritance to the son? 
 
 KELLY. 
 
 John Kelly was already engaged in business in Charlottes- 
 ville under the firm of John Kelly & Co. in 1795. He had 
 previously been a citizen of I^ancaster County, Virginia, and 
 from that county was accompanied by his first wife, Sarah 
 Norris, the daughter of his uncle. She died a few years after, 
 and in 1802 he married Mary, daughter of William Alcock. 
 For many years he transacted business as a merchant with 
 great success. About the beginning of the century, he 
 received into partnership his nephew, Opie Norris, of I,an- 
 caster, who married his daughter Cynthia. His other daugh- 
 ter, Eliza, became the wife of Dr. John C. Ragland. In 1803 he 
 purchased from Hudson Martin I^ot No. Three, on the west 
 corner of Fifth Street and the Square, where his store was 
 located. In 1814 he bought from John Nicholas, who then 
 resigned the County Clerkship, four hundred and forty acres, 
 extending from near the western boundary of the town across 
 Preston Heights to Meadow Creek. In 1815 he gave to Mrs. 
 Norris lyOt No. Four, running from Jefferson Street to the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 243 
 
 old People's Bank, which he had acquired in 1809 from Edward 
 Butler, and to Mrs. Ragland the north half of lyOt Fifty-Nine, 
 and lyOt Sixty, at present occupied by the family of J. J. Con- 
 nor, and Dr. Joseph Norris. In 1821 he contemplated remov- 
 ing to another part of the country, and advertised for sale 
 his land west of the town; and in 1824 he sold to Rev. John 
 D. Paxton thirty-three acres on the north side of University 
 Street, reaching from Harris's Warehouse ):o the Junction. 
 In 1828 he purchased from Rice Wood the property on 
 Park Street, where he built the large brick in which he 
 resided till his death, and which his widow occupied till her 
 death during the war. Mr. Kelly was often employed in the 
 general affairs of the town, discharging many responsibilities 
 as administrator, trustee, and oflSces of a similar kind. He was 
 a man of earnest piety, assisting in the founding of the South 
 Plains Presbyterian Church, in which he was a ruling elder, 
 and in the erection of the old Presbyterian house of worship 
 in town. He died in Staunton in 1830, on his way to or from 
 the Virginia Springs. 
 
 His son-in-law, Dr. Ragland, died in 1821. He was 
 exceedingly popular both as a man, and as a physician. His 
 death was greatly lamented, and his remains were followed by 
 a large concourse of friends and Masons to the family burying 
 ground in lyouisa. Four or five physicians at once settled in 
 Charlottesville, to fill the gap occasioned by his decease. 
 His widow was some years after married to Talbot Bragg, and 
 subsequently removed with him and her children to Mis- 
 souri. 
 
 Opie Norris, his other son-in-law, was an enterprising and 
 prosperous man. He was concerned in many other engage- 
 ments, in addition to his stated business as a merchant. For 
 many years he was one of the town trustees, sometimes act- 
 ing as their president. In 1819 he was appointed a magis- 
 trate of the county, and filled the office with much diligence. 
 He was Secretary and Treasurer of the Rivanna and Rock- 
 fish Gap Turnpike Co., and awarded the contracts for the 
 construction of that road. At one time he owned the Swan, 
 and half of the Eagle Tavern. With Dr. Charles Everett he 
 
244 HISTORY OF ALBEMAEI.E 
 
 was largely interested in the real estate of Anderson's Addi- 
 tion to the town. He departed this life in 1839. 
 
 KERR. 
 
 James Kerr, an emigrant from Scotland, came to the county 
 about 1762, and soon after bought a small place at the head 
 of Ivy Creek. He subsequently leased the present Birdwood 
 plantation, in 1773 purchased it from the trustees of John 
 Dabney, and made it his residence for twenty -seven years. 
 During this time he became a man of no little note and con- 
 sideration in the community. When the records made a second 
 beginning in 1783, he was one of the acting magistrates, and 
 frequently participated in the deliberations of the County 
 Court. He was appointed Sheriff in 1793. He was a ruling 
 elder in the D. S. Church. In 1800 he sold the Birdwood 
 place to Hore Brouse Trist, and bought from Michael 
 Woods, son of Colonel John, a farm on Mechum's River, not 
 far above the Depot of that name. From increasing age, or 
 because of the distance from the county seat, he took no fur- 
 ther part in public business. In 1808 he sold his property 
 to James Kinsolving Sr., and removed to Kentucky. After 
 the death of Sarah, his first wife, he married Susan, widow 
 of David Rodes. This union was a brief one, as Mrs. Kerr 
 died in 1798. She left a will, which for want of proof was 
 not recorded; and it was not till 1826 that it was sent to 
 Georgetown, Ky., to procure the depositions of Wil- 
 liam Rodes, and Milton and Rodes Burch, to prove the hand- 
 writing of David Kerr, a deceased witness to the document. 
 
 The children of James Kerr, as far as known, were James, 
 John Rice, David, Mary, the wife of Samuel Burch, and Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of Joseph J. Monroe, a brother of the President. 
 James seems to have been a young man of tact and spright- 
 liness, but of prodigal life. He once owned the lots on which 
 the Parish House, and the old Presbyterian Church, now 
 stand. He died in Richmond in 1788, leaving a short will 
 written in a light, sceptical tone; and when it was presented 
 for probate, until his father gave his consent, his brother 
 magistrates declined admitting it to record. John Rice was 
 admitted to the Albemarle bar, but appears not to have prac- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 245 
 
 tised. In 1807 he was appointed a magistrate, and with his 
 father served as an elder in the D. S. Church. He married 
 Sarah, daughter of Bennett Henderson, and lived for a time 
 on the south side of the Staunton Road, where it crosses 
 Ivy Creek, on land that belonged to his brother-in-law, Sam- 
 uel Burch. He accompanied, or followed, his father to 
 Kentucky, and there entered the Presbyterian ministry. A 
 son named for Andrew Hart lived near Memphis, Tenn., and 
 was Moderator of the Southern General Assembly, when it 
 convened in that city in 1868. David Kerr married Dorothy, 
 daughter of the elder Clifton Rodes, and by many years pre- 
 ceded the rest of his family in removing to Kentucky. 
 
 KEY. 
 
 John Key was one of the pioneers who fixed their abodes 
 within the present limits of the county. He made his first 
 entry of land in 1732, and up to 1741 had obtained patents 
 for nearly twelve hundred acres on the west side of the South 
 West Mountain. His home was where William W. Minor 
 now resides. His children were Martin, John, and Mary, 
 the wife of a Dalton. Martin succeeded to the home and 
 estate of his father, and by repeated purchases became the 
 owner of all the land reaching from Edgemont, the place of 
 the late Henry Magruder, down to the bend of the river on 
 the farm of the late R. F. Omohundro. He died in 1791. 
 He and his wife Ann had twelve children, Thomas, John, 
 Martin, Tandy, Joshua, William Bibb, Henry, Jesse, James, 
 Walter, Klizabeth, the wife of James Daniel, and Martha, the 
 wife of John White. Each of the sons was comfortably pro- 
 vided for by their father's will, though intimations are there 
 given that the habits of some unfitted them for the proper 
 management of their afiairs. 
 
 Within the first score of years in the present century, the 
 members of this household were for the most part scattered 
 over the South and West. Thomas removed to South Caro- 
 lina, where he invented some contrivance for the more effect- 
 ive action of water wheels. The families of John, James 
 and Martha emigrated to Kentucky and Tennessee, and that 
 of Elizabeth, to North Carolina. Tandy lived for many years 
 
246 HISTORY OF AI.BEMA'RLK 
 
 in the southern part of the county near CovesviUe, but is 
 said to have removed eventually to Fluvanna County. Jesse 
 P., a son of Tandy, married Sarah, daughter of the younger 
 William Woods, of Beaver Creek, and lived for some time 
 near Mechum's Depot. William Bibb married Mourning, 
 daughter of Christopher Clark, and went to Elbert County, 
 Georgia. Henry settled in Bedford County, and Jesse died 
 in Richmond in 1826. Walter appears to have been the only 
 one who spent his whole life in the county, and his death 
 occurred in 1834. John, Tandy and Joshua were all magis- 
 trates of the county, and Walter was appointed to the oflSce, 
 but declined to accept. John served as Sheriff in 1795, and 
 Tandy in 1809. John was an Ensign in the Eighth Virginia, 
 and Henry a soldier in the army of the Revolution. 
 
 KINKEAD. 
 
 The Kinkeads were early settlers in the western part of 
 the county. As far as can be rnade out, there were three 
 brothers of the name, David, Joseph and James. In 1746 
 David patented nearly eight hundred acres on the north fork 
 of Rockfish, and the next year four hundred more on Stock- 
 ton's Creek. By entry and purchase together, the family 
 connection became the owners of not far from three thousand 
 acres in that vicinity. Joseph, James and John, probably 
 the son of Joseph, appear as subscribers to the call of Rev. 
 Samuel Black in 1747. The homes of Joseph and James 
 were situated about half a mile west of Immanuel Church, 
 on the place now owned by Rev. Dabney Davis. An old 
 graveyard, a few hundred yards south of Mr. Davis's house, 
 is still known in the neighborhood as the Kinkead burying 
 ground ; a broken down wall, and a few rough stones, are all 
 that mark the spot. James died in 1762, leaving three sons, 
 Thomas, John and James, and probably two more, Matthew 
 and Andrew, and a daughter, the wife of Ninian Clyde. 
 Joseph died in 1774. His children were' Jean, the wife of 
 Hugh Alexander, John, and Ruth, the wife of Andrew Grier. 
 
 Hugh Alexander had a mill, which at one time was a noted 
 centre in that section ; roads were made to it from every quar- 
 ter. It was built on Stockton's Creek, not far from the foot of 
 
HISTORY OF ALBSMAR^E 247 
 
 the hill west of Hillsboro. In subsequent years it was known 
 as Keyes's, and still later as Hximphrey's Mill. It is supposed 
 Andrew Grier was one of the early merchants of that vicinity. 
 He was the owner of nearly six hundred acres adjoining Yel- 
 low Mountain, which, likely in liquidation of his debts, he 
 conveyed in 1766 to Jeremiah Parker and Richard Warden, 
 merchants of Philadelphia. In the course of years part of 
 this land passed into the hands of JohnLobban Jr., and part 
 into the hands of Dr. Peter B. Bowen. A grandson of Joseph 
 Kinkead married a daughter of Adam Dean, another early 
 settler on Stockton's Creek, and in December 1898, there died 
 in Greenbrier County, Adam Dean Kinkead, doubtless their 
 son, at the age of ninety-two. All of the kindred bearing 
 the name, seem to have removed from the county before 
 the close of the last century. Its latest appearance on the 
 records occurs in 1784, when Jean, the widow of James, sold 
 to Abner Wood a parcel of land in what is known as the 
 Piper and Patrick neighborhood. She was at that time a res- 
 ident of Rockbridge County. In the Black call the name is 
 spelled Kincaid. 
 
 KINSOLVING. 
 
 In 1788 James Kinsolving began to purchase land near 
 Mechum's River Depot. The name was variously written in 
 the early records, Consolver, Kingsolaver, Kinsolving. At 
 that date a Martin Kinsolving lived near the Burnt Mills. 
 James Kinsolving was successful in his business pursuits, 
 and at the time of his death in 1829 owned upwards of four- 
 teen hundred acres on both sides of Mechum's River. His 
 home was near the Depot, and bore the name of Temple Hill. 
 He and his wife Elizabeth were the parents of twelve children, 
 George W., Diana, Mary, Ann, Elizabeth, Jefferson, l/ucy 
 Jane, Madison, Napoleon, James, Martha and Amanda- 
 None bearing this name have for years been resident in the 
 county, but it has attained a high distinction in the annals 
 of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 George W. married Nancy, daughter of Jonathan Barks- 
 dale. For some time previous to 1822 he was the proprietor 
 of the Central Hotel in Charlottesville, but in that year he 
 
248 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 retired to his farm near Mechum's Depot. In 1830 he was 
 appointed Colonel of the Forty-Seventh Regiment. He was 
 an earnest Episcopalian, and a vestryman in the North 
 Garden Church. He died in 1856, leaving one son and 
 seven daughters. The tendency in the family to remarkable 
 names was especially apparent in his household. His son, 
 Ovid Alexander, became an Episcopal clergyman, and 
 passed his ministerial life mainly near lycesburg and Dan- 
 ville, Va. Three of his sons entered the Episcopal ministry, 
 George Herbert, Bishop of Western Texas, Arthur Barksdale, 
 a prominent rector in Brooklyn, N. Y., and I^ucien lyce, 
 recently consecrated Bishop of Brazil. The names of the 
 seven daughters were selected with a view to having V as 
 the initial, and A as the final letter — Virginia, the wife of 
 William A. Abney, Vienna, the wife of William C. Fret- 
 well, Veturia, the wife of Thomas Clark, Volusia, Verona> 
 Verbelina, and Vermelia. 
 
 Diana was the wife of Clifton Garland Jr., and a grandson 
 of hers was Rev. Howard McQuary, who, because of his 
 extreme views on Evolution, was a few years ago deposed 
 from the Episcopal ministry by the Bishop of Northern 
 Ohio. Mary was the wife of James W. I,eigh, Ann, the 
 wife of William B. Wood, and removed to Washington 
 County, Illinois, Elizabeth, the wife of William M. Brander> 
 and Martha, the wife of Reuben Wood. Lucy Jane was twice 
 married, first to Achilles Barksdale, and secondly to Valen- 
 tine Head. Madison married America, daughter of Philip 
 Watts, James married Margaret, daughter of Andrew Brown, 
 of North Garden, and made his home for many years near 
 the Cross Roads. He became a Baptist minister, was 
 Treasurer of the County School Commissioners, and about 
 1835 emigrated to western Kentucky. Most of the children 
 of this family finally removed to Kentucky, or Missis- 
 sippi. 
 
 LEAKE. 
 
 The L,eakes have been domiciled in the county since its 
 formation. Walter lycake Jr., patented land on the south 
 fork of Hardware in 1746, and John on Green Creek in 1748. 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMARLE 249 
 
 It is believed these two were brothers. Data tor accurately 
 tracing the early relations of this family are wanting, but it 
 is probable that John I^eake and his wife Ann were the 
 parents of Samuel and Mask. Samuel was one of the first 
 Presbyterian ministers, who were natives of Virginia. In 1770 
 he was installed pastor of the Cove and D. S. Churches, and his 
 home was four or five miles northeast of Covesville. He 
 died young in 1775. He and his wife Elizabeth ,had three 
 children, Elizabeth, the first wife of Andrew Hart, Sarah, 
 the wife of Rev. James Robinson, one of Mr I^eake's succes- 
 sors in the Cove pastorate, and Mary. His widow died in 
 1799. 
 
 Mask I/eake lived in the same section of the county, not 
 far from the South Garden Thoroughfare. He was a ruling 
 elder in the Cove Church, and frequently represented it in 
 the Presbytery of Hanover. He died in 1813. His wife 
 was Patience Morris, and his children William, Walter, 
 Austin, Samuel, and lyUcy, the wife of John Buster. William 
 succeeded his father at the homestead, and died in 1833. He 
 and his wife Caroline had five children, Elizabeth, the wife 
 of an Anderson, Samuel, Walter, William M., and Josiah. 
 Walter, son of Mask, was deputy Surveyor of the county in 
 1784, and was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1793. It is 
 believed he was the Walter Leake who emigrated to Missis- 
 sippi, and rose to prominence in the legal and political affairs 
 of that State. He was elected United States Senator in 1817, 
 and resigning soon after was appointed to the State bench. 
 He died in Hinds County in 1825. Austin was also a member 
 of the Albemarle bar, and died before his father, leaving 
 two sons, Joseph and Philip Jefferson. Samuel, son of 
 Mask, was a physician, and practised in the southern part 
 of the county, and also in Nelson. His wife was Sophia, a 
 daughter of Richard Farrar, and his children William, Philip, 
 Samuel, Shelton P., Eliza, and lyUcy, the wife of Addison 
 Gentry, who at one time conducted a school for young ladies 
 near Hillsboro. The career of Shelton F. is well known, 
 not only in the county, but in the State. His natural gifts 
 were unusually brilliant. He settled in Charlottesville, was 
 
250 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 admitted to the bar in 1838, easily attained a place in its 
 front rank, was a member of the House of Delegates, was 
 Lieutenant Governor of the State, and for a term represented 
 the district in Congress. He married Rebecca Gray, and 
 departed this life in 1884. Samuel in 1836 married M. A. 
 Boyd of the Cove neighborhood, and finished his course a 
 few years ago near Hillsboro, where his son William now 
 resides. 
 
 LEVY. 
 
 In 1836 Uriah P. Levy, Commodore of the United States 
 Navy, became a citizen of Albemarle by the purchase of 
 Monticello. He bought the place from James T. Barclay. 
 It is commonly understood, that it was owing to his exalted 
 estimation of Mr. Jefferson's political wisdom and conduct 
 he was led to become the possessor of his home, and thereby 
 to identify his name with that of the President. He died in 
 1862, and having no family of his own, and cherishing the 
 desire to make the place a permanent memorial of the great 
 statesman, the Commodore devised Monticello to the United 
 States as a Hospital for the worn-out tars of the navy ; and 
 that arrangement failing, to the State of Virginia, to be used 
 as a sort of naval school. By the decisions of the courts, 
 both dispositions were declared invalid. During the Civil 
 War the property was confiscated. It was placed for the 
 time in the hands of care-takers, who took no care of it fur- 
 ther than to extort as large gratuities as possible from those 
 who still resorted to it from admiration of its former presid- 
 ing genius. The whole establishment was greatly injured, 
 and the monument in its burial place, by the chipping of 
 relic hunters, was literally reduced to a shapeless block. 
 When public affairs resumed their usual course, the Commo- 
 dore's nephew, Jefferson M. Levy, of New York, purchased 
 the interests of the other heirs, and devoted himself to the 
 improvement of the estate. Congress also handsomely 
 enclosed the cemetery, and erected a noble shaft to Jeffer- 
 son's memory. Filled with the spirit of his distinguished 
 kinsman, Mr. Levy has been at much pains and expense to 
 restore things to the same condition in which Mr. Jefferson 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARI,E 251 
 
 left them; and appreciating the sentiment which impels 
 multitudes to visit it as a place of pilgrimage, he allows 
 them entire freedom in repairing to the spot, and surveying 
 its interesting scenes. 
 
 LEWIS. 
 
 Thre-i families named Lewis, apparently not related, have 
 lived in Albemarle. The first of the name entering lands 
 within its present limits was Charles^^of Goochland, who in 
 1731 obtained a patent for twelve hundred acres on both sides 
 of the Rivanna, at the mouth of Buck Island. He also en- 
 tered nearly three thousand acres in the Rich Cove. As 
 nearly as can be ascertained, this Charles was th^^^^aoi 
 John I^ewis and Isabel Warner. In 1717 he married Mary 
 Howell, and his children were John, Charles, Klizabeth, the 
 wife of William Kennon, James, Mary, Howell and Ann. 
 His home was the place that has since borne the name of 
 Monteagle. To his son, Charles, he transferred his land on 
 Buck Island in 1766, the son reconveying it to his father and 
 mother, and the survivor, for life. Charles Jr., purchased, 
 chiefly from his cousin Robert l/cwis, more than eighteen acres 
 on the north fork of the Hardware, including what is now 
 Red Hill Depot, which he gave to his son, Isham. He died 
 in 1782. His wife was Mary, daughter of Isham Randolph, 
 of Dungeness, and sister of Peter Jefferson's wife, and his 
 children were Charles lyilburn, Isham, Mary, the wife first 
 of Colonel Charles I^ewis, of North Garden, and secondly of 
 Charles Wingfield Jr. , Jane, the wife of Charles Hudson, Eliz- 
 abeth, the wife of Bennett Henderson, Ann, the wife of Ran- 
 dolph Jefferson, Frances, the second wife of John Thomas, 
 and Mildred, the wife of Edward Moore. Isham Lewis 
 died unmarried in 1790, leaving his estate to his two nephews , *-^j^^^jj[L) I 
 John Lewis Moore and Charles Lewis Thomas. Ch arles 
 Lilburn married_Lucy Jefferson, sister of the President, and„ '' 
 
 his children were Randolph, Isham, Lilburn, Jane, the wife 
 of Craven Peyton, Mary R. , the wife of Thomas Jefferson Jr., 
 Lucy, the wife of Washington Griffin, Martha and Ann M. 
 Randolph lived on his plantation. Buck Island, on the north 
 side of the Rivanna, but in 1805 sold it to David Michie, and 
 
252 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 moved to Goochland. I^ilburn also lived on the north side 
 of the river, and in 1806 disposed of his place to Hugh Nel- 
 son. His wife was Jane Woodson, by whom he had five 
 children, among them Mary H., the wife of Charles Palmer, 
 and mother of Dr. William Palmer, the compiler of the Cal- 
 endar of the State Papers of Virginia. All the daughters of 
 Charles Lilburn I,ewis except Jane and Mary, emigrated to 
 I^ivingston County v,K^tuck^', '. , . ' 
 /' C^oh^xt I^ewis, a'l^l^^ft&' first Charles above men- . 
 tioned, lived at Belvoir, on the east side of the South West 
 Mountain. He was thp^^moinjohn I^ewis and Frances ' 
 Fielding, and a brot^r of Fielding, Washington's brother- 
 in-law. He married Jane, daughter of Nicholas Meriwether, 
 the large landholder, and he was himself one of the largest 
 landholders in the county. In 1736 he entered upwards of 
 four thousand acres in North Garden, and in 1740 nearly 
 sixty-five hundred near Ivy Depot. He died in 1765. His 
 children were John, Nicholas, Robert, Charles, William, 
 Jane, the wife of Thomas Meriwether, Mary, the wife first of 
 Samuel Cobb, and secondly of Waddy Thomson, Mildred, 
 the wife of Major John l/cwis, Ann, the wife of another John 
 I,ewis'^^both of these gentlemen of Spotsylvania and kinsmen 
 — Elizabeth, the wife of William Barrett, and Sarah, the wife 
 of Dr. Waller I^ewis, of Spotsylvania, son of Zachary I^ewis, 
 and brother of Mildred's husband. John, the eldest son, 
 received the main portion of his estate in Gloucester. 
 
 Nicholas lived at the Farm, adjoining Charlottesville on the 
 east, a gift from his grandfather, Nicholas Meriwether. He 
 was a public spirited man, a Captain in the Revolution, a 
 magistrate, Surveyor and Sheriff of the county, possessed of a 
 sound judgment and kindly spirit, appealed to on all occasions 
 to compose the strifes of the neighborhood, the trusted friend 
 of Mr. Jefierson, and the adviser of his family during his long 
 absences from home. He married Mary, eldest daughter of 
 Dr. Thomas Walker, and died in 1808. His children were 
 Nicholas M., Thomas W., Robert Warner, Jane, the wife of 
 Hudson Martin, Elizabeth, the wife of William D. Meriwether, 
 Mildred, the wile of David Wood, Mary, the wife of Isaac 
 
HISTORY OF ALBElkARLE 253 
 
 Miller, and Margaret, the wife of Charles 1,. Thomas. Nich- 
 olas married his cousin, Mildred Hornsby, of Kentucky, and 
 doubtless emigrated to that State. Robert married Elizabeth 
 Wood, and removed from the county. Thomas W. lived at 
 Ivocust Grove, the northern part of his father's farm. He 
 was appointed a magistrate in 1791, and died in 1807. In 
 his will he directed that the families of his servants should 
 not be separated, and expressed the wish that circumstances 
 had permitted their emancipation, as according to his view 
 all men were born free and equal. He married Elizabeth 
 daughter of Nicholas Meriwether, and sister of his brother- 
 in-law, William D., and his children were Nicholas H. 
 Margaret, the wife of James Clark, Mary, the wife first of 
 James I^eitch, and secondly of David Anderson, I,ydia, the 
 wife of Samuel O. Minor, Thomas, Charles, Elizabeth, 
 the wife of John C. Wells, Alice, the wife first of George D. 
 Meriwether, and secondly of John W. Davis, Jane, the wife 
 first of Walker Meriwether, and secondly of Dr. Richard 
 Anderson, and Robert W., of Castalia. By far the greater 
 number of this family emigrated in 1837 to Pike County, 
 Missouri. In 1804 Mary removed with her husband, Isaac 
 Miller, to lyouisville Ky. 
 
 Robert, son of Robert, married a Miss Fauntleroy, and 
 removed to Halifax County. Charles lived in the North 
 ■Garden, where James G. White now resides. He was one 
 of the first to offer his services at the outbreak of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. He was Captain of the first volunteer compans' 
 raised in Albemarle, I^ieutenant Colonel of the first regiment 
 formed, and afterwards Colonel of the Fourteenth Virginia. 
 He died in 1779, while in command of the Guards at the 
 Barracks near Charlottesville. His wife was Mars'-, daughter 
 of Charles lycwis Jr. , of Buck Island, and his children Howell 
 Charles Warner, who died young, Mary R. , the wife of Ed- 
 ward Carter, Jane, the wife of John Carr, Sarah, the wife of 
 Benjamin Brown, Ann, the wife of Matthew Brown, and 
 Susan, the wife of Joel Franklin. Mrs. Lewis was married 
 the second time to Charles Wingfield Jr., and died in 1807. 
 Howell lived at the old homestead, and died in 1845. His 
 
254 HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 
 
 wife was Mary, daughter of Thomas Carr, and his children 
 Thomas Fielding, Howell, of Mechunk, Mary, the wife of 
 Clifton Harris, and Sarah, the wife of Ira Harris. 
 
 William Lewis, son of Robert, lived at Locust Hill, near 
 Ivy Depot. He was a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary army. 
 He died in 1780. His wife was Lucy, daughter of Thomas 
 Meriwether, and his children, Meriwether, Reuben and Jane, 
 the wife of Edmund Anderson. Meriwether was the famous 
 explorer of the Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific Coast, and 
 while acting as Governor of Missouri Territory, died by his 
 own hand near Nashville, Tenn., in 1809. Reuben studied 
 medicine, lived on a part of his father's place, married his 
 cousin, Mildred Dabney, and died without children in 1844. 
 Mrs. Lucy Lewis was married the second time to Colonel John 
 Marks, and with him removed to Wilkes County, Georgia, in 
 1787 . On the death of Colonel Marks, she returned to Locust 
 Hill, where she departed this life in 1836. By her last mar- 
 riage she had one son, John Hastings, who died in Baltimore, 
 and one daughter, Mary, who became the wife of William 
 Moore, and lived in Georgia. 
 
 The second family of this name sprang from David Lewis, 
 who, with his brother-in-law, Joel Terrell, in 1734 entered 
 three thousand acres just west of the University. The next 
 year his brother, Abraham Lewis entered eight hundred acres, 
 including the land the University now occupies. These 
 brothers belonged to Hanover County. Abraham never lived 
 in Albemarle, but David at once settled on the hinder part of 
 the present Birdwood farm, so that when the county was or- 
 ganized, his residence was a well known place in the country. 
 He was an active man, a captain in the militia, one of the 
 early magistrates, and bore his part in clearing the roads, 
 and executing other works of public convenience. He died 
 in 1779, at the great age of ninety-four. He was married 
 three times, his first wife being a sister of Joel Terrell, and 
 his third, Mary McGrath, widow of Dr. Hart, of Philadel- 
 phia. By the first marriage he had eight children, and by 
 the third three, William Terrell, Susan, the wife of Alexan- 
 der Mackey, who lived for a time on Ivy Creek, near the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 255 
 
 crossing of the Whitehall Road, Hannah, the wife of James 
 Hickman, probably the son of Edwin Hickman, second Sher- 
 iff of the county, Sarah, the wife of Abraham Musick, who 
 lived in the Mechum's Depot vicinity, where his son Ephraim 
 also lived, and thence emigrated to Kentucky, David, John, 
 Joel, Ann, the wife first of Joel Terrell Jr., and secondly of 
 Stephen Willis, Elizabeth, the wife of John Martin, James, 
 and Miriam, the wife of Gabriel Madison. 
 
 William Terrell I^ewis kept a tavern on the Staunton Road, 
 about three miles west of Charlottesville, called at first Ter- 
 rell's and subsequently I/ewis's Ordinary. He married Sarah 
 Martin, and had elfeven children. All the family emigrated 
 to North Carolina, and later he himself went to Nashville, 
 where he died in 1802. Three of his sons, Micajah, Joel 
 and James, were in the battle of Kings Mountain, and Mica- 
 jah was killed at Guilford C. H. A great, great granddaugh- 
 ter, Mrs.'Patty I,. Collins, has in these last days been in the 
 Dead I^etter Office at Washington, where she is held in high 
 repute for her marvellous skill in deciphering bad chirogra- 
 phy. David Jr., was a man of great enterprise and ability. 
 He owned numerous parcels of land in the Mechum's Depot 
 section, and carried on a brisk mercantile business in that 
 vicinity. He also removed to North Carolina just before the 
 Revolution. Though twice married, he seems to have left 
 no sons, as in the final settlement of his afiairs in Albemarle 
 in 1794, his legatees all bore other names. John was twice 
 married, first to Sarah Taliaferro, and secondly to Susan 
 Clarkson, no doubt a sister of Peter Clarkson. He had 
 twelve children, among whom were Taliaferro, a brave sol- 
 dier of the Revolution, Charles C. , whose descendant, William 
 T., a resident of l/ouisville. Miss., compiled a history 
 of the family, Jesse P., and David Jackson, who was a man 
 of commanding presence, measuring six feet, four inches, was 
 a soldier in the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794, an active mag- 
 istrate of the county, and the father of eleven children, lived 
 north of the Rivanna, on the Hydraulic Road, and in 
 1818 removed to Breckinridge County, Kentucky. 
 
 Jesse Pitman was also a soldier of the Revolution. His 
 
256 HISTORY OP AI^BEMARLE 
 
 wife was Nancy, daughter of Manoah Clarkson. His home 
 was on the Staunton Road, above the University. He died 
 in 1849, and with him the name of old David lyewis's line in 
 the county passed away, as he left only daughters. These 
 were Jane, the wife of Nelson Barksdale, Mary, the wife 
 first of Julius Clarkson, and secondly of John H. Craven, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Reubeu Maury, Sophia, the wife of 
 Michael Johnson, and Sarah, the wife of Alexander St. C. 
 Heiskell. 
 
 James lycwis, son of David Sr., was in his day a figure of 
 great prominence in the county. He was a gallant soldier oi 
 the Revolution, a magistrate, a contractor, a large landholder, 
 the owner and keeper for some years of the old Stone Tavern 
 in Charlottesville, the agent of President Monroe, and much 
 employed both by the Courts and his fellow citizens in the 
 appraisement and division of estates. His first residence 
 was doubtless the homestead, the home of old David. He 
 married I^ucy, daughter of John Thomas, by whom he had 
 eleven children. In 1818 he emigrated to Franklin County, 
 Tennessee. In 1826 he returned on a visit to Albemarle, and 
 married the second time Mary, daughter of Peter Marks, and 
 at last finished his course in Tennessee at the advanced age 
 of ninety-three. 
 
 The head of the third family of the name was John, who 
 was one of the earliest settlers in the county. He entered 
 land on Totier Creek in 1741. When the location of the old 
 courthouse was fixed, he obtained a license to conduct an 
 ordinary at the place. He seems to have married a daughter 
 of Samuel Shelton, and had two sons, and a daughter, Jane, 
 who became the wife of Richard Davenport, and removed to 
 Georgia. John, the elder son, died in 1804, and left three 
 children, Sarah, John Waddy, who died in 1824, and Eliza- 
 beth. Owen, the other son, died in 1805, and his children 
 were William, John, Hardin P., Howell, Robert, Nicholas, 
 Daniel P., Zachariah, and Sarah, who was the wife of Jacob 
 Tilman, and removed to Tennessee. Most of the sons were 
 considerable land owners in the southern part of the county, 
 particularly on the lower Hardware. Some of them also 
 
HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLE 257 
 
 transacted a lucrative business -in transporting freight on 
 James River, and the canal. Hardin P. emigrated to Ala- 
 bama. In 1821 Robert in a quarrel fatally stabbed Thomp- 
 son Noel, a tavern keeper in Scottsville, and fled the country. 
 It is said he went to Memphis, Tenn., and in course of 
 time acquired a large fortune. A great granddaughter of the 
 first John I<ewis was the first wife of the late Christopher 
 Gilmer, and a great grandson, Zachariah, recently died in 
 Nelson County, immediately above the mouth of Rockfish 
 River. A similarity of names suggests a relationship between 
 this family and that first mentioned. 
 
 I<INDSAY. 
 
 Reuben Lindsay came to Albemarle from Westmorelana 
 about 1776. In that year he purchased from John Clark 
 seven hundred and fifty acres on the east side of the South 
 West Mountain, where he made his home. During the ensu- 
 ing twenty years he had purchased upwards of two thousand 
 acres. He was already a magistrate at the close of the Rev- 
 olutionary War, frequently sat on the County bench, and was 
 otherwise often engaged in the duties of that office. He 
 departed this life in 1831. He was twice married, first to 
 Sarah, daughter of Dr. Thomas Walker, by whom he had no 
 children, and secondly to Miss Tidwell. By the last marriage 
 he had three daughters, Sarah, the wife of James I,indsay, 
 his nephew, whose home wa.s at the Meadows, a short dis- 
 tance southwest of Gordonsville, and whose daughter became 
 the wife of John M. Patton Jr., Elizabeth, the wife of Gen- 
 eral William F. Gordon, and Maria, the wife of M. 1,. 
 Walker, son of Captain Thomas Walker Jr. 
 
 Another nephew bearing his own name, Reuben, lived on 
 the Rivanna, near the mouth of lyimestone. His wife was 
 Mary Goodman, and his children were Susan, the wife of 
 John Q. Gray, Mary, the wife of Albert G. Watkins, Ann, 
 the wife of Stephen F. Sampson, James, William and Reuben. 
 He died in 1837, and his wife in 1841. His son Reuben was 
 a physician, practised his profession with much success at 
 Scottsville, and died in 1881. 
 
 —17 
 
258 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 •LYNCH. 
 
 Charles Lynch, it is said, was a native of Ireland. Tak- 
 ing offence while a mere youth at some ill-treatment, he 
 determined to quit home and country, and with this purpose 
 took passage on a vessel bound for America. As the ship was 
 leaving her moorings, he repented the step, and leaping into 
 the sea, struck out for land. He was however rescued by the 
 sailors from his perilous position, and after the usual voyage 
 of those days, safely reached the shores of the new world. 
 Coming to Virginia, and exerting the energy and persever- 
 ance that belonged to his nature, he soon began a successful 
 career. He commenced entering land within the present 
 county in 1733, and in the next seventeen years had obtained 
 patents for sixty-five hundred acres in different sections, on 
 Hardware, on the Rivanna,on Moore's Creek, and on the 
 waters of Mechum's, not far from the Blue Ridge. He estab- 
 lished his home on the Rivanna, on the place now known as 
 Pen Park. The ripple in the river at that point was beyond 
 question Lynch's Ferry, or Ford, which is often mentioned 
 in the early records. He was one of the original magistrates 
 of Albemarle, and had previously been one in Goochland. 
 He served as Sheriff in 1749, and was a representative of the 
 county in the House of Burgesses. His last entry of land was 
 made in 1750, and embraced sixteen hundred acres on the 
 James, opposite Lynchburg. To this land he removed at 
 that time, but did not long survive the change. He died in 
 1753. 
 
 His wife was Sarah, daughter of Christopher and Penelope 
 Clark. She joined the Friends about the time of their 
 removal from Lynch's Ferry on the Rivanna to Lynch's Ferry 
 on the James. A Quaker Meeting House called South River, 
 was built in 1754 on her land on Lynch 's Creek, a branch of 
 the Blackwater, three or four miles south of Lynchburg. 
 Her children were Charles, John, Christopher, and Sarah, 
 the wife of Micajah Terrell. John was the founder of Lynch- 
 burg. Charles was the clerk of South River Meeting till the 
 beginning of the political ferment prior to the Revolution, 
 when the warmth of his patriotism surmounted the pacific 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 259 
 
 principles he had espoused, and he became a Colonel in the 
 Revolutionary army. His busy promptitude in dealing with 
 outlaws and violent Tories during those disturbed times, gave 
 rise to I^ynch law. Mrs. I^ynch was married the second time 
 to John Ward, of Bedford. Besides the imprints of this family 
 about Ivynchburg, they have left their memorial in the names 
 of this county, I^ynch's River, and Ivynch's Creek, a tribu- 
 tary of the Rockfish. 
 
 MCGEHEE. 
 
 James McGehee obtained a patent for four hundred acres 
 of land on I^ittle Mechunk in 1747. In 1768 William Mc- 
 Gehee patented nearly two hundred acres on Henderson's 
 Branch, and near the Secretary's Road, a description, which 
 indicates that the place was not far from Colle, especially as 
 in 1774 it came into Mr. Jefferson's hands. William was 
 probably a son of James, and it was he who gave name to the 
 ford at Milton, that passage of the river being known in early 
 times as McGehee's Ford. The family seems subsequently 
 to have been settled near the present Woodridge, as the forks 
 of the roads at that place went for a long period by the name 
 of McGehee's Old Field. William died in 1815. He and 
 his wife Elizabeth had eight children, William, Elizabeth, 
 Joseph, Nancy, the wife of William Adcock, Sarah, the wife 
 of William Campbell, Mary, the wife of James Martin, I^ively 
 and Charles. After the death of the father, most of the family 
 removed, some to Franklin County, Virginia, and some to 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Whether Francis McGee was related to this family, is not 
 known. He appears early in the century as having married 
 Martha , daughter of Peter Marks . He purchased the interests 
 of some of the Marks heirs in I/Ots Seventeen and Eighteen 
 in Charlottesville, on which the old Stone House stood, and 
 exchanged them with James I^ewis for the place on Moore's 
 Creek, which has long been the home of the Teels. In 1817 
 he bought from Dabney and Thomas Shelton the farm between 
 Ivy and Mechum's Depot, which is still owned by his descend- 
 ants. For some years he conducted the old Hardin Tavern 
 on the Staunton Road. He died in 1846. His children were 
 
260 HISTORY OF ALBEMARI<E 
 
 Ann, Peter, Mary, the wife of James Lobban, Martha, the 
 wife of John J. Woods, I,ewis and Joanna. I,ewis died in 
 1858. Peter in his youth was a merchant at Hillsboro, and 
 subsequently County Surveyor. He died on his farm south 
 of Ivy Depot in 1888. 
 
 MCEENNIE. 
 
 Clement P. McKennie deserves commemoration among the 
 people of Albemarle for being the publisher of the first news- 
 paper ever issued in the county. On the twenty-ninth of 
 January 1820, appeared the first number of the Central 
 Gazette. He and his brother, J. H. McKennie, were asso- 
 ciated in the enterprise. It is said the office of publication 
 stood on the northwest corner of Jefferson and Third Streets. 
 By the withdrawal of J. H. McKennie at the close of the 
 first year, his brother became the sole publisher. The paper 
 was issued weekly until about 1828, when on account of the 
 appearance of the Virginia Advocate, it was discontinued. 
 About 1834 Mr. McKennie purchased from the heirs of W. 
 G. Garner the property adjoining the University, where he 
 established the book store so long conducted by himself and 
 his son, Marcellus. In 1822 he married Henrietta, daughter 
 of Matthew Rodes, and departed this life in 1856. In 1821 
 J. H. McKennie married Mary, daughter of Jesse Garth, and 
 soon after removed to Nelson County. 
 
 MACON. 
 
 Thomas Macon came to the county from New Kent in 1833. 
 In that year he purchased from John Price Sampson Tufton, 
 a plantation, which contained a thousand and forty acres, 
 had once belonged to Mr. Jefferson, and which has since 
 been the home of the Macon family. Mr. Macon was an ear- 
 nest member of the Episcopal Church. On account of his 
 intelligence and high character, he was soon appointed a 
 magistrate of the county, in which office he served until his 
 decease. He died in 1851. 
 
 MAGRUDER. 
 
 John B. Magruder came to Albemarle from Maryland in 
 the early years of the century. With him from the same 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI,E 261 
 
 State came George Jones, the father of Robert S., Jesse and 
 Thomas. They were friends, both good men, and local 
 preachers of the Methodist Church. They settled in the 
 eastern part of the county, on the borders of Fluvanna. Mr. 
 Magruder died in 1812. He and his wife Sarah had nine 
 children, Sarah, the wife of John Timberlake, Mildred, the 
 wife of Gideon A. Strange, Elizabeth, the first wife of Dr. 
 Basil Jones, James, Horatio, Benjamin H., William, Hilary 
 and John B. 
 
 The family were largely engaged in the improvements of 
 the Rivanna Navigation Company. Besides founding the 
 Union Mills in Fluvanna, John B. Magruder and John Tim- 
 berlake in 1829 bought the Shadwell Mills from the Jefferson 
 estate, and in addition to the grist mills already existing, 
 established cotton and woolen factories, which continued in 
 operation until swept away by the disasters of the war. In 
 1833 they purchased from a family named Scholfield, of 
 Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, a large body of timber 
 land in the Buck Islarid section, which had lain in its virgin 
 state from time immemorial. James Magruder after the war 
 purchased Frascati, the former home of Judge Philip Bar- 
 bour near Gordonsville, where he resided until his death. 
 Benjamin H. was admitted a member of the Albemarle bar in 
 1829, and lived for some years in Scottsville. He subse- 
 quently bought Glenmore, opposite Milton, which he made 
 his home until his death in 1885. Both before and since the 
 war he represented the county in the I^egislature. He was 
 twice married, first to a daughter of James Minor, of Sunning 
 Hill, lyouisa, and secondly to Fvalina, daughter of Opie 
 Norris. Mildred and her husband, Gideon A. Strange, were 
 the parents of Sarah, the wife of William Stockton, a brother 
 of John N. C. Stockton, who emigrated to Florida, John B., 
 Colonel of the Nineteenth Virginia in the late war, and Mary, 
 the wife of John W. Chewning. 
 
 Mary, the sister of John B. Magruder Sr., was the wife of 
 Thomas D. Boyd. At the beginning of the century he con- 
 ducted a public house at the junction of the Three Notched and 
 River Roads, the locality still known as Boyd's Tavern. 
 
262 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 He had six children, John H., who went to Richmond, 
 Charity, the wife of James Thrift, of Montgomery County, 
 Maryland, James M., Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas A. 
 Woodson, Mary, the wife of Bartley Herndon, of Shenan- 
 doah County, and Thomas J. The last was admitted to the 
 Albemarle bar in 1829, and removed to Wytheville, where 
 he recently died at an advanced age. 
 
 Allan B. Magruder, a nephew of John B., and brother of 
 General John Bankhead, became a member of the Albemarle 
 bar in 1838. He resided in Charlottesville in the house at 
 the rear of the late Thomas Wood's until a short time before 
 the war, when he removed to Washington City, and subse- 
 quently to Frederick County, Virginia. His daughter Janet 
 became the wife of Major Robert H. Poore, who fell in the 
 battle of Gettysburg, and his daughter Julia, by the produc- 
 tions of her pen, has attained quite a position of note in the 
 literary world. 
 
 MARKS. 
 
 An Englishman named Marks married Elizabeth Hastings, 
 and emigrated to Virginia. They had five sons and a 
 daughter, Peter, John, James, Hastings, Thomas, and 
 Sarah, who in 1782 became the wife of James Winston, of 
 l/ouisa. The children were all settled in Albemarle prior to 
 the Revolution. Peter probably lived in Charlottesville, as 
 his business operations were mainly connected with the real 
 estate of the town. He was Escheator for the county, and 
 during the Revolution superintended several inquisitions, 
 for the confiscation of the property of those who took sides 
 with the British. In 1791 he bought from Mr. Monroe the 
 square on which the Stone House stood, and from Dr. Gil- 
 mer part of I/Ot Thirty -Two, on which stands the store of 
 T. T. Norman. His death occurred in 1795, and gave rise to 
 complications in his affairs that were not fully straightened 
 for many years; in fact, the part of lot Thirty -Two was not 
 finally disposed of till 1830. His wife was Joanna Sydnor, 
 and his children Sarah, the wife of Joshua Nicholas, Martha, 
 the wife of Francis McGee, Mary, the second wife of James 
 I/ewis, Sophia, the wife of Russell Brown, Elizabeth, the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLB 263 
 
 wife of John W. Hinde, Nancy, the wife of Temple Gwath- 
 mey, a nephew of George Rogers Clark, Hastings and Peter. 
 The most of the children removed to Kentucky. The only 
 one who spent her entire life in the county, was Mrs. McGee. 
 Her sister Mary seems to have made her home with her, 
 but in 1826 James I^ewis returned from Tennessee, and took 
 her back as his wife. 
 
 John Marks was a Captain in the Revolutionary War, and 
 for this service received a grant of four thousand acres of land 
 on Brush Creek, Ross County, Ohio. After the death of 
 William I,ewis, he married his widow, I/Ucy. He was a 
 magistrate of the county, and was appointed Sheriff in 1785. 
 During his incumbency of the office, he removed with the 
 Gilmer emigration to Georgia, where he died shortly after. 
 James was also a magistrate. He lived on a farm consisting 
 of eight hundred acres near Keswick Depot, and likely includ- 
 ing it. He emigrated to Georgia, and when taking this step 
 sold his plantation to John Harvie, whose sister Elizabeth 
 was his wife. Hastings owned a place in the Ragged Moun- 
 tains, not far from the D. S. In 1785 he married Ann Scott, 
 sister of Mr. Jefferson, and removed to the tidewater district 
 of the State. The kind and considerate disposition of the 
 President, who at the time was Minister to France, was shown 
 in the letters he addressed to each of the parties, on the occa- 
 sion of this union. 
 
 MARTIN. 
 
 The name of Martin has belonged to a number of families 
 in the county. The year it was organized, 1745, Captain 
 Joseph Martin, as he was called in the patents, obtained 
 grants of more than fourteen hundred acres on Priddy's Creek, 
 and eight hundred on Piney Run. His will disposing of land 
 in Essex County, it is surmised he came from that part of the 
 State. He and his wife Ann had eleven children, Brice, 
 William, Joseph, John, George, Sarah, the wife of John Bur- 
 rus, Mary, the wife of a Hammock, Susan, Martha, Ann, and 
 Olive, the wife probably of Ambrose Edwards. The Cap- 
 tain died in 1761. 
 
264 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 James Martin owned at an early date a considerable tract 
 of land that now belongs to the Grayson family, near the 
 present site of the Miller School. In 1759 he gave two hun- 
 dred acres to each of his six sons, Stephen, John, James, 
 Obadiah, William and David. These sons, or the most of 
 them, it is believed, emigrated to North Carolina, about the 
 time of the Revolution. It is possible the John just men- 
 tioned was the John Martin who lived in the western part of 
 the North Garden. His place was formerly known as the 
 Pocket Plantation. He was a prosperous man, and became 
 the owner of upwards of fifteen hundred acres. He died in 
 1812. His wife's name was Elizabeth, believed to have been 
 a Wheeler, and his children were Benjamin, Sarah, the wife 
 of John Watson, Mary, the wife of William Wood, Susan, 
 the wife of Hickerson Jacob, and Clarissa. Benjamin suc- 
 ceeded to his father's place, and died in 1821. His wife's 
 name was Catharine, and his children were Ann, the wife of 
 Augustine Woodson, I^indsay, John, Caroline, the wife of 
 Joshua W. Abell, Julia, the wife of Micajah Wheeler, Ben- 
 jamin, Emily, the wife of Richard Abell, James, Elizabeth, 
 the wife first of Peter Garland, and secondly of Daniel Mar- 
 tin, and Jane, the wife of Samuel M. Powell. 
 
 A John Martin in 1762 purchased from Joseph Thomas 
 upwards of six hundred acres in the southern part of the 
 county, on Ballenger's Creek. He died in 1810. He mar- 
 ried Ann, daughter of James Tooley, and his children were 
 Sarah, the wife of James Wood, Ann, the wife of John 
 Dawson, Dabney, James, Celia, Alice, Simeon, Massey and 
 I^indsay. 
 
 Thomas Martin was already settled on the south fork of 
 Hardware in 1764, where his descendants have been resident 
 ever since. He seems not to have been a patentee, and 
 when he purchased does not appear. He died in 1792. He 
 and his wife Mary^ad ten children, Abraham, George, 
 Thomas, Charles, John, Pleasant, lyetitia, the wife of Rich- 
 ard Moore, Mildred, the wife of an Oglesby, Ann, the wife 
 of a Blain, and Mary, the wife of Benjamin Dawson. Pleas- 
 ant removed to Amherst. John married Elizabeth, daughter 
 
 t M ' A f -..J~~J 1 A I 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 265 
 
 of David I^ewis, was a Captain in the Revolutionary army, 
 had charge of the troops that in 1780 guarded as far as 
 Frederick, Md., the British prisoners, on their removal from 
 the Barracks, and of those stationed in Charlottesville at the 
 time of the Tarleton Raid, and in 1786 emigrated to Fayette 
 County, Kentucky. Charles lived on the place where J. Goulet 
 Martin now resides, and sold it in 1783 to Rev. William Irvin. 
 His wife's name was Patty, and he had two daughters, 
 Elizabeth and Martha, who became the wives of brothers, 
 Thomas and James Cobbs, of Halifax County ; and selling 
 the remainder of his land the next year, he probably followed 
 them to that county. George married Barbara, daughter 
 of Samuel Woods, and died in 1799. His children were 
 Malinda, the wife of lyewis Teel, Samuel W. , and Elizabeth, 
 the wife of William Garth. Samuel W. married Sarah, 
 daughter of Garrett White, and died in 1857. His children 
 were Garrett W., George, Thomas, John A., Samuel W., 
 Jeremiah, and Eleanora, the wife of Jesse I/. Heiskell. 
 
 Hudson Martin was a Second lyieutenant in the Ninth 
 Virginia, during the Revolution. For a number of years he 
 was deputy Clerk of the county, and subsequently a magis- 
 trate. He married Jane, the eldest daughter of Nicholas 
 . l/cwis. Near the beginning of the century he removed to 
 Amherst, in the vicinity of Faber's Mills, where his descend- 
 ants still live. In 1834 Captain John Thomas testified 
 before the County Court in behalf of his heirs, to the fact of 
 his having served in the Revolutionary army. A son John 
 M. Martin became a member of the Albemarle bar in 1809. 
 Another son, Hudson, married Mildred, daughter of Dabney 
 Minor, and at one time lived in Arkansas. 
 
 In the early years of the century, a Thomas Martin mar- 
 ried Mary Ann, daughter of Daniel White. His home was 
 west of Batesville, north of the place now occupied by Wil- 
 liam H. Turner Jr. He died in 1827. His children were 
 Ann, the wife of John I,. White, Azariah, Diana, the wife of 
 James lyobban, Thomas, Mary, the wife of William Stone, 
 Charles, Elizabeth, Daniel, Henry, Barbara, the wife of John 
 I/obban, and Lucy, the wife of William H. Garlafad. 
 
266 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 MASSIE. 
 
 The Massie family was a numerous one which in early 
 times migrated from New Kent, and was widely scattered over 
 Albemarle, Nelson and Amherst. The first of the name that 
 settled in Albemarle was Charles. His home was in the south- 
 west part of the county on the waters of Lynch's Creek, on 
 what was long known as the Wakefield Entry. The plan- 
 tation, Spring Valley, became noted from the perfection of 
 its Albemarle Pippins, and though now held by other hands, 
 it is still designated by the Massie name. Charles Massie 
 commenced the purchase of this place in 1768. He died in 
 1817. His children were Thomas, Charles, John, Elizabeth, 
 the wife of a Smith, and Mary, the wife first of Robert Ware, 
 and secondly of William Lobban. His son Charles succeeded 
 to the place, and died in 1830. His wife's name was Nancy, 
 and his children were Hardin, Nathaniel, Charles G., Sarah, 
 the wife of a Ragland, Elizabeth, the wife of a Bailey, and 
 Nancy. 
 
 Hardin was a physician, who came to Charlottesville in 
 1824, and for many years practised in partnership with Dr. 
 Charles Carter. He was largely interested in the real estate 
 of the town. He lived on Fourth Street next to the old Bap- 
 tist Church, the site of which he sold to that congregation. 
 He was himself an earnest member of that Church, and for a 
 time acted as its Clerk. He never married, and died in 1848. 
 Nathaniel was for a considerable period of his life a successful 
 merchant in Waynesboro, but as his years increased, he re- 
 turned to the old homestead on the borders of Nelson, where 
 he died in 1871. He was twice married, first to Susan, daugh- 
 ter of Michael Woods, son of Colonel John, and secondly to 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Matthew Rodes. His children by the 
 first marriage were James, Professor in the Virginia Military 
 Institute, N. Hardin, of Charlottesville, Susan, the wife of 
 Robert B. Moon, and Hetty, the wife of William Patrick; 
 and of those by the second marriage were Rodes and Edwin. 
 Charles G. died in 1857. 
 
 An Edmund Massie lived in the county the same time 
 with the first Charles. His home was in the vicinity of 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 267 
 
 Brown's Cove. He died in 1782. He and his wife Judith 
 had several children, of whom the only one mentioned was 
 Thomas. It may be he was the Thomas Massie, who in 1792 
 rented from the representatives of Hugh Moss a large tract 
 of land on the Rivanna, in the Buck Island neighborhood. 
 In that neighborhood he died in 1799, leaving six children, 
 Martha, the wife of Hugh Pettit, Nancy, the wife of Reu- 
 ben Mansfield, Susan, James, Thomas and John. 
 
 MAUPIN. 
 
 Two brothers, Daniel and Gabriel Maupin, came to the 
 county just before the middle of the last century. From the 
 name it may be inferred they were of French extraction. The 
 idea has been entertained that they were French soldiers, 
 who crossed the ocean with I/afayette at the time of the Rev- 
 olution; but Daniel obtained a patent for land on Moorman's 
 River in 1748, twenty-seven years before that event. The 
 name however was represented in the Revolutionary army, 
 Daniel, William and Cornelius appearing on the pension list ; 
 these in all probability were brothers, sons of John Maupin, 
 and grandsons of Daniel. Daniel entered more than fifteen 
 hundred acres in the Whitehall neighborhood. He died in 
 1788. He and his wife Margaret had seven sons and three 
 daughters, Thomas; Gabriel, Daniel, John, Margaret, the 
 wife of Robert Miller, William, Zachariah, Jesse, Jane, the 
 wife of Samuel Rea and Mary, the wife of Matthew Mullins. 
 
 Gabriel died in 1794. He seems to have lived in the vicin- 
 ity of Free Union. His wife's name was Marah, and ThomaS' 
 Bland, Daniel and Gabriel were names of his sons. The 
 truth is, the families of this stock were generally so numer- 
 ous, containing hardly ever less than ten, and sometimes 
 thirteen children, and the same names were so often repeated 
 in the different households, that it would be well nigh impos- 
 sible at this date to make out an accurate statement of their 
 lines of descent. They frequently intermarried among them- 
 selves, and with the Harrises, Jarmans and Vias, and their 
 descendants are widely scattered over the West, particularly 
 in Kentucky and Missouri. They seem to have been in their 
 generations an industrious, quiet, unambitious people. They 
 
268 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 have usually been attached to the Methodist Church, a Daniel 
 Maupin being an original trustee of Austin's, or Bingham's,. 
 Meeting House, and another Daniel and his wife Hannah in 
 1834 giving the ground for Mount Moriah near Whitehall, 
 which indeed for many years commonly went by the name of 
 Maupin's Meeting House. 
 
 Dr. Socrates Maupin, who was Professor of Chemistry first 
 in Hampden-Sidney College, and afterwards in the Univer- 
 sity of Virginia, was one of this family. He died from in- 
 juries in consequence of a runaway accident in Lynchburg, 
 in 1871. He was the son of Chapman W. Maupin, who was 
 third in descent from the first Daniel, was appointed a magis- 
 trate of the county in 1835, and died in 1861. Addison, another 
 son of Chapman W. , had his residence before the war on 
 Carr's Hill, adjoining the University. J. Addison Maupin> 
 of Richmond, author of the Maupin bill of recent notoriety, 
 was Addison's son. 
 
 MAURY. 
 
 In the last century Rev. James Maury was the rector of 
 Fredericksville parish. His parents, Matthew Maury and 
 Mary Ann Fontaine, were Huguenot exiles, and were resi- 
 dents of King William. Instead of occupying the glebe, he 
 resided on his own farm, which lay on the borders of Albe- 
 marle and Louisa. He attained great notoriety as suitor in 
 the famous case under the Two Penny Act, in which Patrick 
 Henry first displayed his marvellous powers of eloquence. 
 In addition to his clerical duties, he taught on his plantation 
 a classical school in which Mr. Jefferson was one of his pu- 
 pils. In 1767 he purchased nearly seven hundred acres 
 southwest of Ivy Depot from the executors of old Michael 
 Woods, which his son Matthew sold in 1797 to Rev. William 
 Woods and Richard Woods. He married Mary Walker, a 
 cousin it is said of Dr. Thomas Walker, and died in 1769. 
 His children were Matthew, James, Ann, Mary, Walker, 
 Catharine, the wife of James Barrett, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 James Lewis, of Spotsylvania, Abraham, Fontaine, Benja- 
 min and Richard. James was appointed by Washington in 
 1789 Consul to Liverpool, which office he continued to fill 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 269 
 
 till 1837. Richard, who married Diana, daughter of Major 
 John Minor, of Spotsylvania, and removed to Franklin, 
 Tenn., was the father of Commodore Matthew F. Maury, and 
 the grandfather of General Dabney Maury, of the Confeder- 
 ate army. 
 
 Matthew was an episcopal minister, and succeeded his 
 iather both at the homestead, and in the parish. He also 
 taught school. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. 
 Thomas Walker, and died in 1808. His children were 
 Matthew, Thomas Walker, Francis, Mary Ann, the wife of 
 William Michie, Mildred, the wife of Henry Fry Jr., Reuben, 
 Elizabeth, Catharine, the wife of Francis I^ightfoot, and 
 John. Thomas W. was a member of the Albemarle bar, 
 was appointed a magistrate in 1816, married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Julius Clarkson, and granddaughter of Jesse 
 lyewis, taught school in the small brick at the east end of 
 Main Street, and afterwards at his own place above the Uni- 
 versity, now occupied by Samuel Emerson, and died in 1842. 
 Reuben married Elizabeth, daughter of Jesse Lewis, and died 
 in 1869. His son, Jesse I*., succeeded to the home of his 
 father, and still lives in a green old age, a link between the 
 present and the past. Mildred was the mother of J. Frank 
 Fry, long the Commissioner of the Revenue for St. Anne's. 
 James S. Maury, son of the Consul, lived at one time on a 
 place near the north end of Dudley's Mountain, and in 1833 
 sold it to Jesse 1,. John, son of Rev. Matthew, also once 
 lived in the same vicinity. 
 
 MAYO. 
 
 The Mayos have had a name and place in Albemarle from 
 the beginning. Colonel William Mayo, the County Surveyor 
 of Goochland, obtained a patent for eight hundred acres on 
 the branches of Rockfish, near the Blue Mountains, in 1738. 
 The patent of Dr. William Cabell for forty-eight hundred 
 acres on both sides of the Fluvanna, obtained the same year, 
 adjoined this entry of Mayo. Among the first deeds recorded 
 in Albemarle, is one from Ann Mayo, conveying this land to 
 E-obert Barnett in 1748. 
 
270 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 In 1749 Philip Mayo, of Henrico, entered four hundred 
 acres on the branches of Hardware, situated in the limestone 
 belt, and long known as the lyimestone Survey. In 1752 he 
 sold it to Peter Jefferson, Joshua Fry, Arthur Hopkins, 
 Thomas Meriwether, Daniel Scott, and William Stith, Presi- 
 dent of William and Mary College. It is presumed that in 
 making this purchase, these gentlemen had in mind some 
 project for utilizing the mineral it contained. 
 
 The original record of the deed having been destroyed, it 
 was restored in 1802. As late as 1830 these separate interests 
 were not all united, as in that year Governor Gilmer, as exec- 
 utor of Christopher Hudson, sold to George Gilmer, his 
 father, one-sixth of the tract. 
 
 James Mayo died in 1777, leaving eleven sons and two 
 daughters. The most of them no doubt lived in Goochland. 
 One of them, Thomas, whobelonged to that county, bought in 
 1779 from Thomas Collins four hundred acres on Edge Creek, 
 the small branch of Moore's Creek that runs on the east side 
 of the Teel place. Four years later Thomas sold part of this 
 tract to his brother, Richard George Mayo. If Richard George 
 ever lived on it, he removed elsewhere, as in 1809 his brother 
 Joseph, as his attorney, sold it to another brother, James. 
 James died in 1821, in his eighty-third year. His wife was 
 Mary, daughter of Stephen Hughes, and his children John 
 W., Stephen, Claudius, James E., Catharine, the wife of Wil- 
 liam Thompson, and Nancy, the wife of John Harris. 
 
 MERIWETHER. 
 
 The progenitor of the Meriwethers was Nicholas, an 
 emigrant from Wales, who died in 1678. He had three sons, 
 Francis, who married Mary Bathurst, and from whom 
 descended Governor George W. Smith, who perished in the 
 burning of tte Richmond theatre in 1811, David and 
 Nicholas. Nicholas was the large landholder. Besides 
 obtaining grants of extensive tracts in several of the 
 counties of eastern Virginia, he entered in one body 
 seventeen thousand, nine hundred and fifty-two acres 
 on the east side of the South West Mountain in Albe- 
 marle. He also entered in 1735 one thousand and twenty 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 271 
 
 acres on the Rivanna, extending' from Moore's Creek 
 to Meadow Creek. This was the place on which he lived, 
 and which he devised to his grandson, Nicholas I^ewis. He 
 died in 1744, and it is said he and his grandson, Richard 
 Meriwether, son of William, were buried on the east side of 
 the Rivanna, most probably on the summit of the hill north 
 of Mrs. Crockford's residence, on the parcel of land which 
 Richard purchased from Thomas Graves. His wife was 
 Elizabeth Crawford, and his children Jane, the wife of Robert 
 I^ewis, Thomas, Nicholas, William, David, Elizabeth, the 
 wife of Thomas Bray, Ann, the wife of Thomas Johnson, 
 the colleague of Patrick Henry from Ivouisa in the House 
 of Burgesses, and the grandfather of the eminent lawyer. 
 Chapman Johnson, Sarah, the wife of William I^ittlepage, 
 and Mary, the wife of John Aylett. 
 
 Nicholas received from his father a share of the lands east 
 of the South West Mountain, of which Castle Hill was the 
 seat. He married Mildred Thornton, and died in 1739, leav- 
 ing one child, Mildred. About 1741 his widow became the 
 wife of Dr. Thomas Walker, and in due time Mildred, his 
 daughter, became the wife of John Syme, of Hanover, the 
 half-brother of Patrick Henry. In 1741 and 1746 there were 
 entered in the daughter Mildred's name, two tracts of sixteen 
 hundred, and nineteen hundred acres, lying near the gorge of 
 the South Hardware between Gay's and Fan's Mountains, 
 and extending up the road towards Batesville ; and for many 
 years her lines frequently figure in the descriptions of lands 
 sold in that neighborhood. Both tracts were sold by Mil- 
 dred's son, John Syme Jr., to President William Nelson, but 
 the deed was never recorded. President Nelson devised them 
 to his son Robert, who sold the sixteen hundred tract to 
 James Powell Cocke, and the other in parcels to different 
 purchasers. A chancery suit instituted against the children 
 of John Syme Jr., then living in Nelson County, to make 
 title to these lands, was decided in 1809; and a considerable 
 part of Deed Book Sixteen is occupied with the deeds of 
 these parties to the vendees. 
 
272 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 David Meriwether married Ann Holmes, and had six sons 
 and two daughters. Thomas, the eldest, married Elizabeth 
 Thornton, and his children were Nicholas, Francis, David, 
 Mary, the wife of Peachy R. Gilmer, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Thomas Johnson, Sarah, the wife of Michael Anderson, Ann, 
 the wife of Richard Anderson, and mother of David Ander- 
 son, of Milton and Pantops, lyUcy, the wife of William Lewis, 
 and afterwards of John Marks, Mildred, the wife of John Gil- 
 mer, and Jane, the wife of Samuel Dabney, mother of Mildred, 
 Reuben lycwis's wife, and grandmother of Rev. Robert Lewis 
 Dabney, the eminent theologian. Nicholas, the eldest of this 
 family, married Margaret, daughter of Rev. William Doug- 
 lass, a native of Scotland, rector of the parish of St. James, 
 Northam, Goochland, who added teaching to his ministerial 
 duties, and was the preceptor of Presidents Monroe and Jef- 
 ferson, and who spent his last days at his plantation of 
 Ducking Hole, Louisa. The children of Nicholas and Mar- 
 garet Douglass Meriwether were William Douglass, Thomas, 
 Nicholas H., Charles, Francis T., and Elizabeth, the wife 
 of Thomas W. Lewis. Mrs. Margaret D. Meriwether was 
 married the second time to Chiles Terrell. 
 
 William Douglass lived at Clover Fields, on the east side 
 of the South West Mountain. He was a man of fine sense 
 and great wealth. He was a magistrate of the county for 
 fifty years, and the only one of the whole body of magistrates 
 that filled the oflfice of Sheriff twice, in 1801 and 1828. His 
 wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Lewis, and through 
 her he inherited the part of the Farm nearest Charlottesville, 
 which in 1825 he sold to John A. G. Davis, who built on it 
 the brick house, the present residence of Mrs. Thomas Pa- 
 rish. He died in 1845. His children were William H., 
 Charles J., Mary, the wife of Peter Meriwether, Margaret D., 
 the wife first of Dr. Francis Meriwether, and secondly of 
 Francis K. Nelson, and Thomas W. William H., a man of 
 incessant activity, was admitted to the bar, built the first mill 
 at Rio, and a bridge across the Rivanna at the Woolen Mills, 
 sold his land in 1835 to George L. Craven, and went to 
 Texas. He was twice married, first to Frances Poindexter, 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 273 
 
 and secondly to Kate W. Meriwether, who after his death 
 was married to Dr. Prior, of Memphis, Tenn. Charles 
 J. received from his father Mooresbrook, the present residence 
 of Mr. Newman, but being impoverished by the war, he and 
 his wife Louisa Miller, a sister of President Tyler's first wife, 
 passed their remaining days under the hospitable roof of 
 Mrs. Harper and her son, Warner Wood, at Farmington. 
 Thomas W. was a physician, succeeded to the homestead, 
 was a ruling elder in South Plains Church, and died in 1863. 
 His wife was Ann, daughter of Hugh Nelson, and his children 
 William D., also a physician, Mildred, the wife of George 
 Macon, Ann, the wife of Frederick W. Page, Fliza, the wife 
 of N. H. Massie, and Charlotte, the second wife of T. J. 
 Randolph Jr. 
 
 Thomas, second son of Nicholas and Margaret D. Meri- 
 wether, married Ann, daughter of Garrett Minor, of lyouisa. 
 They had four children, among whom was Peter N. , who 
 resided at Cismont, married first his cousin Mary, as already 
 noted, and secondly Mrs. Frances Tapp, and died in 1851. 
 
 Nicholas H., third son of Nicholas and Margaret, married 
 Rebecca Terrell. They had six children, among whom were 
 Dr. Charles H., who married first Ann F. Anderson, and 
 secondly Frances E. Thomas, lived at the present station of 
 Arrowhead, and died in 1843, Ann T., the wife of Nicholas 
 H. I/cwis, and mother of I^ydia ly., the wife of Peter, son of 
 Dr. Frank Carr, and Walker G., who married first his cousin 
 Elizabeth Meriwether, and secondly his cousin Jane W. 
 lye wis. 
 
 Charles, fourth son of Nicholas and Margaret, studied 
 medicine in Scotland, and while visiting his Douglass kin 
 in that country, married a young lady named I^ydia I^aurie. 
 On his return he settled in Tennessee. Lydia I,aurie died, 
 and he married twice afterwards; but her sweet-sounding 
 name has ever since been a favorite in all branches of the 
 connection. 
 
 Francis T., fifth son of Nicholas and Margaret, married 
 Catharine Davis, and had six children. Among them were 
 —18 
 
274 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Elizabeth, the wife of her cousin Walker G. , George D., who 
 married his cousin Alice lyewis, and Dr. Francis, who mar- 
 ried his cousin Margaret D., and whose daughter, Mary W. , 
 was the first wife of T. J. Randolph Jr. 
 
 Of all this numerous family, there is not one now living in 
 Albemarle who bears the name. Their descendants however 
 are scattered in every part of the West and South. 
 
 MICH IE. 
 
 The first Michie who settled in the county was John, who 
 bought land near the Horse Shoe of the Rivanna from John 
 Henry, father of the great orator. When the purchase was 
 made does not appear, but he sold to Hezekiah Rice, and 
 repurchased from him in 1763. He died in 1777. His chil- 
 dren were John, who died before his father, Robert, James, 
 Patrick, William, Sarah, the wife of Christopher Wood, and 
 Mary, the wife also of a Wood. Robert and his sisters seem 
 to have lived in lyouisa. 
 
 Patrick had his home southwest of Earlysville, between 
 the Buck Mountain Road and the south fork of the Rivanna. 
 He died in 1799. His wife's name was Frances, and his 
 children were Nancy, the wife of Joseph Goodman, James, 
 Flizabeth, the wife of Thomas Maupin, Sarah, the wife of 
 William G. Martin, Martha, the wife of Richard Davis, 
 Susan, the wife of William Michie, Mary, the wife of John 
 Maupin, and David. 
 
 William became a large landholder in the same section. 
 He purchased in 1793 from I<ewis Webb, of New Kent, two 
 thousand and ninety acres in one tract. On the Buck Moun- 
 tain Road he established the public house, which has since 
 been known as Michie's Old Tavern. He was appointed a 
 magistrate in 1791, served as Sheriff in 1803, and died in 
 1811. He was twice married ; one of his wives, it is believed, 
 being Ann, daughter of David Mills. His children by the 
 first marriage were John A., and Mary, the wife of John 
 MuUins, and by the second William, David and Lucy, the 
 wife of Benjamin Richards. 
 
 John A. was appointed a magistrate of the county in 1807. 
 His wife was Frances, daughter of Thomas Jarman. He 
 
HISTORY OF AI.BBMARLE 275 
 
 died'in 1827. His children were Prances J., Ann, Sarah, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Bezaleel G. Brown, Theodosia, the 
 wife of Edmund Brown, John E., James, William, Robert 
 J., Jonathan, Mary and Martha. Of the.se James attained a 
 prominent position in the affairs of the county. He was a 
 successful business man, was appointed a magistrate in 
 1816, and served as Sheriff in 1843. He was an earnest 
 Episcopalian, and displayed his zeal in active efforts to re- 
 build the ruins of the old Buck Mountain Church. His 
 home was on the north fork of the Rivanna, south of Piney 
 Mountain. He died in 1850. His wife was Frances, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Garth Jr., and his children Mary Elizabeth, 
 the wife of William T. Early, Virginia, Susan, Adeline, 
 Dr. J. Augustus, Thomas, Theresa, the wife of I/Ucian 
 Michie, Alexander H., and Henry Clay. Jonathan married 
 a sister of Thomas J. Michie, of Staunton, and his children 
 were John P., Margaret, the wife of Dr. Theodore Michie, 
 Frances, the wife of Dr. R. N. Hewitt, of Campbell County, 
 Thomas, Chapman and Franklin. 
 
 William Michie, son of William, married, it is believed, 
 Susan, daughter of his uncle Patrick. His children were 
 Dr. James W., David and Frances . His brother David was a 
 man of great enterprise and thri ft. In early life he was a 
 merchant first in the Michie Tavern neighborhood, and after- 
 wards at Milton. He invested in real estate in different parts 
 of the county, purchasing in 1805 from Randolph I<ewis his 
 plantation Buck Island on the north side of the Rivanna, 
 which he seems to have made his home till 1837. In that 
 year he bought the brick house on the northeast corner of 
 Market and Seventh Streets in Charlottesville, where he 
 resided until his death in 1850. He left no children, and his 
 large estate was divided among his numerous relatives, under 
 the direction of George Carr, as administrator. 
 
 James Michie Jr., or Beau Jim, as he was commonly called, 
 was the son of a William Michie. His residence was at 
 Longwood, west of Earlysville. His death occurred in 1847. 
 He married Eliza, Graves, of Rockingham, and his children 
 were Dr. Theodore, Octavius, Joseph P., I^ucian, Oran, 
 
276 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Claudius N., Eugene, Catharine, the wife of William* A. 
 Rogers, Cornelia and Virginia. 
 
 MILLS. 
 
 In early times three large entries of lands were made with- 
 in the county by persons named Mills. Between 1737 and 1759 
 Matthew Mills obtained grants for seventeen hundred acres on 
 the south side of Mechum's River, east of the Miller School. 
 After his death it was divided among three sons, Matthew, 
 Charles and Menan. In 1782 Matthew, who at the time was 
 living in Guilford County, North Carolina, sold his share to 
 "William Leigh, who came to take possession of it from Caswell 
 County, North Carolina. The same year Charles and his wife 
 Mary, who were residents of Buckingham, sold five hundred 
 and sixty-seven acres to Richard Woods, the same land that 
 descended to his son Richard, that after his death was sold 
 to James Michie, and that is still in the possession of his 
 son, Thomas Michie. The other portion, five hundred and 
 sixty -seven acres, fell to Menan, who lived on it till 1800. 
 He then bought from the executors of Micajah Chiles the old 
 Joel Terrell property in Charlottesville, the square on which 
 the present City Hall stands. He married Frances, daughter 
 of John Jouett. He was not a prosperous man, and in 1811 
 all his possessions were sold under deeds of trust, his share 
 of his father's estate being purchased by Daniel White, and 
 now owned by his grandson, Samuel G. White. Menan 
 Mills removed elsewhere, probably to Kentucky, leaving 
 four children, John, Frances and Margaret, who were placed 
 under the guardianship of Micajah Woods, and William, 
 who was placed under that of Clifton Rodes. 
 
 Charles Mills between 1744 and 1756 took out patents for 
 three thousand acres along the foot of Buck's Elbow, between 
 Crozet and Whitehall. It is probable Charles was a brother 
 of the elder Matthew, as both belonged to Hanover, and some 
 of their patents were taken out the same day. Charles's land 
 was inherited by his son Nicholas, who lived in Hanover, 
 and who, after selling a portion of ii, conveyed the remainder 
 in 1786 to his sons, Joseph and William Mills, and his son- 
 in-law, James Burnley, of Louisa. In 1790 Joseph sold his 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 277 
 
 share to William, who lived in Spotsylvania, and in 1793 
 William sold to John Burnley, the son of James. 
 
 The third series of entries was made by David Mills. They 
 ran from 1738 to 1755, and amounted to more than eleven 
 thousand acres. They were located south of Earlysville, on 
 Buck Mountain and Beaverdam Creeks, and in the Brown's 
 Cove district. David Mills died in 1764. He and his wife I^ucy 
 had eight children, Zachariah, David, Wyatt, Joseph, Ann, 
 the wife of William Michie, Elizabeth, the wife of William 
 Doswell, of Nottoway, Mary, the wife of William S. I/ane, 
 and I^ucy, the wife of Philip White, of Hanover. David sold 
 out to his brother Wyatt in 1786, and emigrated to South 
 Carolina. Wyatt died in 1808. He and his wife Sarah had 
 four children, Elizabeth, the wife of James Beazley, Wilson, 
 John S., and Sophia, the wife of Fontaine Richards. Joseph 
 Mills Jr. , probably the son of Joseph, taught school in the 
 Buck Mountain neighborhood, was admitted to the bar in 
 1823, and soon after removed to Harrisonburg. 
 
 A John Mills — whether related to any of those before men- 
 tioned, is not known — in 1782 married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Robert Field, and was owner of the land which is now 
 known as Brooksville. In 1795 he sold it to James Hays, and 
 probably left the county. 
 
 MINOR. 
 
 John Minor, of Topping Castle, Caroline County, was the 
 patentee of land on the north fork of the Rivanna as early as 
 1735. Of the eleven children of himself and his wife, Sarah, 
 daughter of Thomas Carr, three have been represented in 
 Albemarle. His son James came to the county from Spot- 
 sylvania not far from 1770, and lived on the land entered by 
 his father east of the Burnt Mills, which he beyond all ques- 
 tion first built. He was a man of energy and industry, and 
 a public spirited magistrate, but died in 1791, at the age of 
 forty-five. His wife was Mary Carr, and his children Dab- 
 ney, James, John, Sarah, the wife of William Wardlaw, 
 Mary, the wife of Richard H. Allen, Nancy, the wife of Dr. 
 Thomas Yancey, and Elizabeth, the wife of Alexander Garrett. 
 Dabney resembled his father in capacity for business, became 
 
278 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 a large landholder in this and other counties, and for a num- 
 ber of years served as a magistrate. He resided at first at 
 the home of his father, but subsequently purchased Carrs- 
 brook, and there spent his last years. He died in 1824, about 
 fifty years of age. He was twice married, first to Eliza 
 Johnson, a niece of William Wirt, and secondly to Martha 
 J., daughter of Richard Terrell, and granddaughter of Mr. 
 Jefierson's sister, Martha. By the first marriage his children 
 were Mildred, the wife of Hudson Martin, Catharine, the 
 wife of E. W. Reinhart, Sarah, the wife of James Tompkins, 
 and William W., of Gale Hill, and by the second I^ucy J., 
 the wife of Robert N. Trice. James lived at Brookhill, on 
 the south fork of the Rivanna. His wife was Catharine Tomp- 
 kins, and his children Dabney, John, James, Elizabeth, the 
 wife of Samuel Moore, Ann, the wife of Rev. Albert Holladay, 
 missionary to Persia, and President-Elect of Hampden-Sidney 
 College, Catharine, the wife of Rev. Luther Emerson, and 
 Martha, the wife of Lafayette Harris. He departed this life 
 in 1848. John was a physician, and married Jane Bell, a 
 Scotch lady, who was a resident of Lynchburg. He resided 
 at Gale Hill, which at his death in 1841 he devised to his 
 nephew, William W. Minor. 
 
 Another son of John Minor, of Topping Castle, was Gar- 
 rett, of Louisa, who married Mary O. Terrell. Their son 
 Peter came to the county early in the century, and married 
 Lucy, daughter of Dr. George Gilmer, of Pen Park. In 1809 
 he purchased from Jesse and John Key the present farm of 
 Ridgeway, and in 1811 was appointed Treasurer of the Ri- 
 vanna Navigation Company. He was fdr many years Sec- 
 retary of the County Agricultural Society, in the great objects 
 of which he was deeply interested. To his wife George 
 Divers at his death in 1830 left one -third of his estate. He 
 died in 1835, and his children were Hugh, Franklin, Peter 
 C, George, John S., James E., Martha, the wife of Robert 
 Grattan, Lucy, the wife of Dr. Charles Minor, and Mary, the 
 wife of R. W. N. Noland. Hugh married first a Fry, and 
 secondly Mary Ann, daughter of J. Boucher Carr, and lived 
 at Ridgeway ; but exchanging it with his brother Franklin 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 279 
 
 for the Rigory, he resided there until his death in 1858. 
 Franklin married I^ucy Ann, daughter of Dr. John Gilmer, 
 of Edgemont, and established a classical school at the Rigory, 
 but afterwards removed it to Ridgeway, where it attained a 
 wide-spread reputation. He died in 1867, but owing to ill 
 health, and the interruption of the war, the school had been 
 relinquished some years before. Samuel O. , another son of 
 Garrett, married I,ydia Laurie, daughter of Thomas W. 
 lyewis, of l/ocust Grove. In 1817 he bought from Martin 
 Dawson upwards of six hundred acres on the north side of 
 the Rivanna, below Milton. He afterwards lived and con- 
 ducted a school at the Farm. Dr. James H. Minor, of Music 
 Hall, and Elizabeth, the wife of Andrew Brown, were his 
 children. 
 
 Another son of John Minor, of Topping Castle, was Major 
 John, whose son L,auncelot, of Minor's Folly in l/ouisa, 
 married Mary O. Tompkins. Several of their children re- 
 sided in Albemarle. I^ucian was admitted to the bar in 1830, 
 practised for a time in Charlottesville, and subsequently 
 became Professor of I^aw in William and Mary. John B., 
 after practising law for a brief period in Buchanan on James 
 River, settled in Charlottesville, erected as his home the house 
 at Northwood, the present residence of Charles Benson, and 
 in 1845 entered upon his distinguished career as Professor of 
 I/aw in the University of Virginia, where he died in 1896. 
 Dr. Charles, who married I/Ucy, daughter of Peter Minor, 
 taught a classical school at Brookhill, and afterwards lived 
 until his death in 1862 at I^and's End, near Stony Point. 
 George W. Trueheart, a son of Ann Minor, daughter of 
 I^auncelot, and wife of Overton Trueheart, was for a time a 
 member of the Albemarle bar. 
 
 MONROE. 
 
 President James Monroe was for many years a citizen of 
 Albemarle. Being a great admirer as well as a special favor- 
 ite of Mr. Jefferson, he was attracted to the county by his 
 influence. His first purchase of real estate was made from 
 George Nicholas in 1790. He then bought from him I^ots 
 Seventeen and Eighteen in Charlottesville, with the Stone 
 
280 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI<E 
 
 House which Nicholas had erected thereon. That was his 
 first residence. At the same time he purchased the farm on 
 which the University stands. In the conveyance of his town 
 property to Peter Marks in September 1790, it is recited that 
 he sold to him "the pine plank and materials deposited 
 thereon, except that which was planed, and the walnut 
 plank," and reserved in the house "room for his furniture and 
 family, until his houses were ready to receive them on his 
 farm." This farm he also bought from George Nicholas, 
 who, having purchased more than two thousand acres in 
 different parts of the county, sold them, and removed without 
 making conveyances for any of them; and it was not until 
 nearly twenty years after his death, that James Morrison, 
 his executor, gave title to the heirs of his vendees. For the 
 land he sold Mr. Monroe, no deed was ever made, or at least 
 was ever recorded; on account of Mr. Monroe's celebrity, 
 and the property having changed hands several times, per- 
 haps it was deemed unnecessary. The house Mr. Monroe 
 was getting ready on his farm, was part of that now occupied 
 by Professor Thornton, situated on what is still called Mon- 
 roe Hill. 
 
 But he did not reside there long. In 1793 he purchased on 
 the east side of Carter's Mountain, where he was a still closer 
 neighbor to Mr. Jefferson. Part of this land he bought from 
 Mr. Jefferson, and part from William C. Carter. His home 
 was Ash Lawn, now owned by Rev. John E. Massey. Here 
 he lived till the termination of his presidency, when all his 
 lands in the county, amounting to between four and five 
 thousand acres, were sold, or transferred to the United States 
 Bank, in payment of his debts. I^ike Mr. Jefferson, he was 
 so completely absorbed in his public engagements, and so 
 frequently and long absent from home, that his private affairs 
 suffered from neglect. When a man's mind is accustomed to 
 dwell upon the broad expanse of a nation's interests, it is not 
 unnatural perhaps that he should insensibly contract a sort 
 of sublime indifference to the petty range of his mere per- 
 sonal concerns. As already stated, Mr. Monroe never did 
 get a deed for his University land, and that which he bought 
 
HISTORY OF AIvBEMARtE 281 
 
 from William C. Carter in 1793, was not conveyed to him 
 till 1827. He was appointed a magistrate in 1798, and the 
 latter half of the next year he sat regularly on the bench. 
 His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of I/awrence Kortright, a 
 captain in the British army, and his children Eliza and Maria. 
 Eliza was married to George Hay, United States Attorney 
 for the District of Virginia, at his home in the county in 
 1808, and Maria to Samuel I,. Governeur, of New York, in 
 Washington, while he was President. At the expiration of 
 his second term, he removed to Oak Hill, a farm he had pur- 
 chased in lyoudoun. 
 
 The President had an elder brother, Andrew, who, it is 
 believed, in 1781 purchased a farm near Batesville, where he 
 resided for four years. In 1816 he was living on a farm 
 which the President purchased on lyimestone, below Milton. 
 He died in 1828. A son, Augustine G., was admitted to the 
 Albemarle bar in 1815. Another son, James, born in the 
 county, was an officer in the United Stated army, acted as 
 the President's private secretary, married a daughter of James 
 Douglass, an adopted son of Rev. William Douglass, of 
 Ducking Hole, Ivouisa, and settled in New York City, where 
 he was active in political affairs, and where he was appointed 
 to perform his last public service as a member of the Peace 
 Convention in 1861. 
 
 Joseph Jones Monroe, another brother of the President, 
 became a member of the Albemarle bar, married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of James Kerr, was appointed Commonwealth's 
 Attorney in 1811 as successor to Judge Dabney Carr, and 
 the next year gave place to William F. Gordon. In 1812 
 his daughter Harriet was married in Charlottesville to 
 Edward Blair Cabell, and removed to Keytesville, Mo. He 
 himself subsequently removed to Missouri, where he died in 
 Franklin County in 1824. 
 
 MOON. 
 
 The genealogy of the Moons is somewhat difficult to trace. 
 It seems however that two brothers, Jacob and William, 
 settled in the county in early times. In 1750 Jacob pur- 
 
282 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 chased land from Thomas Fitzpatrick in the gorge of the 
 south fork of Hardware. He also entered a small tract in 
 the same vicinity. He sold out in 1777, and removed to 
 Bedford County. 
 
 William bought a thousand acres from Hardin Burnley on 
 the lower Hardware. When this purchase was made is not 
 known, but the fact is stated in a conveyance of part of the 
 land made by Moon to John Lewis in 1760. He died in 
 1800. His wife's name was Elizabeth, and his children 
 were William, Richard, Littlebury, Jacob, Judith, the wife 
 of Charles Moorman, Susan, the wife of Thomas Tilman, 
 Martha, the wife of William Viers, who removed to Mason 
 County, Kentucky, Elizabeth, the wife of H!enry A. Bryant, 
 lyucy, the wife of John Steele, and Sarah, the wife of Robert 
 Moorman. 
 
 William married Charlotte, daughter of John Digges and 
 Elizabeth Harris, of Nelson County. Their children were 
 John Digges, Robert, Richard, Elizabeth, the wife of John 
 Steele, Edward H,, and Mildred, the wife of Nathaniel 
 Anderson. He was at one time the owner of Belle Grove, 
 the plantation above Scottsville on which the old court- 
 house stood. In 1819 he was appointed a magistrate of the 
 county, and died in 1833. JohnD., who was called Senior 
 to distinguish him from a cousin of the same name, married 
 Mary E. Barclay, step-daughter of John Harris, and his 
 home was at Mount Air. He became a magistrate in 1835, 
 and died in 1869. His children were Robert B,,who was 
 appointed a magistrate in 1846, served as County Surveyor, 
 married Mary, daughter of Nathaniel Massie, and died in 
 1891, Sarah, William F., who married Marietta Appling, 
 and removed to Tennessee, and whose son. Judge John A. 
 Moon represents the Chattanooga district in Congress, Ann, 
 J. Schuyler, James N., Mary and J. lyUther. Richard lived 
 for a time in Tennessee, and as a mark of distinction bore 
 the addition of T. to his name. Edward H. married Ann 
 Maria Barclay, another step -daughter of John Harris, and 
 lived at Viewmont, the old Fry homestead. He died in 1853. 
 His children were Thomas B., Oriana, the wife of Dr. John 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BEMAELB 283 
 
 S. Andrews, Charlotte, Isaac A., Sarah, Mary and Edmonia. 
 
 Richard, son of the first William, died in 1819. His wife's 
 name was Winifred, and his children were Thomas, Richard, 
 who lived on Briery Creek, and hence had the afl&x B. to dis- 
 tinguish him from Richard T., William, Nathaniel, who mar- 
 ried his cousin Roxana Moon, and removed to Upshur County, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Jeremiah Cleveland, Sarah, the wife 
 of William Cleveland, I/Ucy, Fleming, Jacob, Martha and 
 Samuel W. William married Elizabeth Hamner, and his 
 children were John, William, Roxana, the wife of Henry 
 Boatright, Archer, Martha, Elizabeth, Judith, Sarah, Pleas- 
 ant, and Mildred, the wife of Thomas Garland. Jacob 
 married Elizabeth Darneille, and his children were John 
 D. Jr., Isaac D., Elizabeth, Mary, the wife of Thomas N. 
 Trice, Charlotte, Anna, and Martha I^ouisa. 
 
 lyittlebury married Sarah, daughter of Thomas Staples, 
 and died in 1827. His children were Maria, the wife of Sam- 
 uel O. Moon, son of I/ittlebury Moon, of Buckingham County, 
 and Jane Hopkins, Martha, the wife of Eittlebury Moon, a 
 brother of Samuel O., Mary, the wife of William H. Turner, 
 and Mildred, the wife of Rev. Thomas J. Deyerle. 
 
 Jacob, son of the first William, married Mildred Hamner, 
 and died in 1811. His children were Samuel, Schuyler, Mary, 
 Roxana, the wife of Nathaniel Moon, Susan, Turner, and 
 Elizabeth, the wife of William Hopkins. 
 
 It is said the early Moons, like the l/cwises of the same 
 part of the county, were largely engaged in the business of 
 transportation on James River, and after its construction, on 
 the canal. 
 
 MOORE. 
 
 John Moore was appointed the executor of Matthew Jouett 
 in 1745, the same year the county of Albemarle was organ- 
 ized. It is likely his first wife was Matthew Jouett's 
 daughter. He was evidently a man of means and fine busi- 
 ness capacity. At different times he owned more than five 
 thousand acres in the county, including IvOt No. Three, on 
 which the first court at the new county seat was heldi 
 several of the outlots around Charlottesville, a thousand 
 
284 HISTORY Olf ALBEMAEm 
 
 acres on Meadow Creek, and more than thirteen hundred east 
 of the South West Mountain, on part of which stood his 
 home, subsequentlj' the home of Reuben I^indsay. From the 
 fact that it was through his land east of the town the road to 
 the river was made, it is surmised the name of Moore's was 
 given to the ford, which crossed just below the site of the 
 Free Bridge. He was a large landholder also in Louisa, to 
 which county he removed after selling his residence in Albe- 
 marle. He died in 1785. He appears to have been joined 
 in matrimony the second time with Martha, daughter of the 
 elder John Harvie. His children were John, Fdward, James > 
 Matthew, Frances, the wife of John Henderson Jr., and Eliza- 
 beth, the wife first of Tucker Woodson, and secondly of 
 M'ajor Joseph Crockett. It is thought that William Moore, 
 who married Mary, daughter of Colonel John Marks and 
 Mrs. I^ucy lycwis, and lived in Georgia, was also his son by 
 the last marriage. 
 
 John was one of his father's executors, and probably lived 
 in Louisa. Matthew received from his father a farm on the 
 borders of Louisa, which he and his wife Letitia sold in 1774- 
 to Rev. Matthew Maury, and removed South. Edward 
 occupied a position of considerable prominence, but unfor- 
 tunate habits seem to have ruined both him and his estate. 
 He was a magistrate, and in the decade of 1790 represented 
 the county in the House of Delegates. His plantation of five 
 hundred acres, which he bought from John Harvie, lay on 
 the Gordonsville Road below Keswick, and in 1805 was sold 
 under deed of trust to William D. Meriwether. Overwhelmed 
 with debt, stripped' of his property, and declared insane in 
 1807, he was by order of Court placed in the Asylum, where 
 he died the next year. His wife was Mildred, daughter of 
 Colonel Charles Lewis Jr., of Buck Island. His son, John 
 Lewis, was left by his uncle Isham Lewis, a thousand acres 
 of land on Blue Run, on the Barboursville Road, which he 
 sold in 1807 to James Barbour. A daughter Ann is men- 
 tioned, to whom her brother John Lewis was appointed 
 guardian, and a son Charles, who was bound as apprentice 
 for four years to William Watson. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMAEI<E 285 
 
 Another family named Moore resided in the county, the 
 descendants of which still remain in considerable numbers, 
 though bearing different names. Contrary to the usual 
 course of emigration, three brothers, Richard, William and 
 Stephen, came to Albemarle from Person County, North Caro- 
 lina, sometime before the Revolutionary War ; yet it is said by 
 relatives now living in North Carolina, that the family first 
 emigrated thither from Albemarle. Richard lived on the 
 head waters of the south fork of Hardware, not far from the 
 Cove. He was twice married, first to I,etitia Martin, and 
 secondly to Keturah, daughter of William Austin, and died 
 in 1809. He had twelve children, the most of whom, it is 
 believed, removed to Tennessee. William lived at first near 
 Richard, but afterwards in the North Garden, on the place 
 recently owned by the late Garrett White. He married Mary, 
 daughter of William Gooch, and died in 1818. His son. 
 Dyer, was a captain in the war of 1812, and removed to Ten- 
 nessee, where he married Mary, daughter of James lycwisc 
 Stephen was a man of industry and sound judgment, acquired 
 a large estate, and died in 1833. His home was in North 
 'Garden, the same place recently occupied by his grandson, 
 William Durrett. His wife, it is said, was a Miss Royster, 
 and his children Sarah, the wife of Marcus Durrett, Caroline, 
 the wife of John White, and Eliza, the wife of Henry Carter 
 Moore, a kinsman also from North Carolina. H. Carter 
 Moore resided where Anderson Rothwell now lives, and died 
 in 1867. The only son in his large family. Shepherd, died 
 without children in 1871. 
 
 MOORMAN. 
 
 Charles Moorman came from the Isle of Wight, England, 
 and in 1744 was living in Louisa, not far from the Green 
 Spring. He was a leading Quaker, and at that time he and 
 his son Thomas were overseers of the Friends' Meeting House 
 on Camp Creek, in Louisa. As early as 1735 they were both 
 patentees of land within the present bounds of Albemarle. 
 Charles entered four hundred acres "at the forks of the Ri- 
 vanna, near the Blue Mountains" — the junction of Mechum's 
 and Moorman's Rivers — and the entry of Thomas compre- 
 
286 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 hended the present Carrsbrook, and was described as "includ- 
 ing the Indian Grave low grounds." Seven years later 
 Thomas entered a larger tract further up the Moorman's, and 
 thus gave his name to that stream. Charles also purchased 
 land on Totier Creek, where two of his sons, Thomas and 
 Robert, afterwards lived. He himself appears never to have 
 resided in the county. He married Mary, daughter of Abra- 
 ham Venable, whose home was on Byrd Creek in Goochland, 
 and his children were Thomas, Charles, Robert, Achilles, 
 James, Judith, the wife of Christopher Anthony, Elizabeth, 
 the wife of Christopher Johnson, Agnes, the wife of John 
 Venable, and Mary, the wife of a Taylor. 
 
 Thomas Moorman was married twice, first to Rachel, 
 daughter of Christopher Clark, and secondly to BHzabeth^ 
 daughter of Robert and Mourning Adams. He died in 1787, 
 and left one son, Robert, who died in 1813, whose widow, 
 Dorothy, became the wife of John T. Holman, and whose 
 children were Dorothy, the wife of James L. Neville, Mary^ 
 the wife of EH Tutwiler, Elizabeth Ann, the wife of Robert 
 L. Jefferson, and Robert J. Charles married Judith, daughter 
 of William Moon. Robert married Sarah, another daughter 
 of William Moon, and had eight children, of whom Mary was 
 the wife of William Roper, and Elizabeth the wife of Benja- 
 min Johnson, of lyocust Hill on James River; these last 
 were the parents of Janet, the wife of Austin M. Appling, 
 Sarah, the wife of John Darneille, lyouisiana, the wife of 
 Edwin H. Gooch, and Dorothy, the wife of William A. Tur- 
 ner. Robert Moorman sold his land on Totier Creek to John 
 Harris in 1792, and with the view of emigrating to South 
 Carolina, appointed John Hudson and William Roper his 
 attorneys in fact. Achilles married Mary, daughter of 
 Robert and Mourning Adams, and removed to Bedford 
 County. The land on Mechunk, which came to the wives of 
 Thomas and Achilles from their father, Robert Adams, was 
 purchased by Dr. George Gilmer, of Pen Park. 
 
 MORRIS. 
 
 Two persons named Morris obtained patents for land in 
 1743, Hugh on the lower Hardware, and Jacob on Totier 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 287 
 
 Creek. They were, as their names indicate, of Welsh origin, 
 and the strong probability is they were brothers. Jacob's 
 daughter Ann became the wife of Jacob Kinney, subse- 
 quently a citizen of Staunton. Kinney owned the Stone 
 Tavern in Warren, and I/Ots Seven and Eight in Charlottes- 
 ville. His widow and daughter, Mrs. Matilda Stribling, 
 sold the property in Warren to William Brown in 1812, and 
 the lots to Twyman Wayt in 1815. It may be stated, that 
 the Kinney family were residents of Albemarle at an early 
 date. In 1779 the father, William Kinney, bought a tract of 
 land on the lower Hardware from William Moon Sr., which 
 his heirs, Chesley, Jacob, William and Nancy Whitesides, 
 then of Amherst, sold in 1795 to William Moon Jr. 
 
 Hugh Morris, sometime previous to 1769, purchased land 
 in the North Garden, contiguous to the Cross Roads. An 
 Episcopal Church was built on this land, on the hill south 
 of the village, and in the conveyance of the land to his son 
 in 1772, Hugh recites that he never gave the land the church 
 occupied, but invests his son with power to act as it seemed 
 best. He died in 1774. His son, Hugh Rice Morris, resided 
 on the land in North Garden, and died in 1820. It is said he 
 was an Episcopal clergyman. In the notice of his death it was 
 stated, that he was present at the first court held in the county, 
 and witnessed the proceedings attending its organization. 
 About 1817 he built the mill below the Cross Roads, now 
 known as Kidd's Mill. His wife's name was Ann, and his chil- 
 dren Henry, Samuel, Rice, William, Tandy and Elizabeth. 
 Rice removed to Augusta County, but returned to Albemarle, 
 and resided in the neighborhood of Scottsville ; his daughter 
 Sarah became the wife of Robert Dyer. Tandy was a 
 physician, and practised in the vicinity of Warren. Wil- 
 liam married Ann, daughter of Marshall Durrett, bought 
 from Howell I^ewis the farm, with the large brick house, on 
 which Stephen Carpenter now resides, and died in 1832. 
 His son William married Helen, daughter of James Alex- 
 ander, and removed to Mississippi. Henry continued to live 
 near the Cross Roads. The old church, a wooden structure, 
 becoming dilapidated by the ravages of time, he gave the 
 
288 HISTORY OF Ai:,BEMARI<E 
 
 ground in the village, on which the brick edifice was erected. 
 He departed this life in 1859. 
 
 NEILSON. 
 
 John NeilsoD, a native of Ireland, a carpenter by trade, 
 was attracted to Albemarle by the erection of the University 
 buildings. While engaged in this work, he prospered in his 
 affairs. He bought from Joseph Bishop several acres 
 between Vinegar Hill and the Whitehall Road, and built 
 one or two of the brick houses in Random Row. He also 
 built the large brick near the forks of the I^ynchburg Road, 
 which afterwards became the property ot Professor Blaetter- 
 man, in which his wife for a time conducted a seminary for 
 young ladies, and which is now owned by G. L. Bruffey. 
 He purchased the Refuge, the old Jones plantation in the 
 southern part of the county, where Major Anbury, the Rev- 
 olutionary prisoner, indited a number of his letters. He died 
 in 1827, devising his property to his family still residing in 
 Ireland. Andrew I^eitch, as his executor, carried out the 
 provisions of his will. 
 
 NELSON. 
 
 Solomon Nelson in 1759 bought from John Grills two 
 hundred acres on Moore's Creek, and built the first mill that 
 occupied the site of that now owned by Hartman. This 
 tract he sold in 1764 to John Moore, and bought from Edward 
 Carter a parcel of land in the Ragged Mountains, not far 
 from BatesviUe. He sold this place in 1773, and no doubt 
 removed from the county. 
 
 The large tracts in North and South Garden, patented in 
 the name of Mildred Meriwether, were sold by her and her 
 husband, John Syme, to President William Nelson, of York- 
 town, and by him devised to his son Robert. Robert and 
 his wife Susan sold them in course of time to different parties. 
 In reference to these interests in North and South Garden, 
 Samuel Murrell acted as Mr. Nelson's agent. He was also 
 the owner of a tract of upwards of two thousand acres on 
 Mechunk, which was patented by Thomas Darsie in 1733, 
 descended to his son Thomas, and by him sold in 1748 to 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 289 
 
 James Power. How, or when, it came into the hands of 
 Robert Nelson, is not known, but in 1778 he sold it to John 
 Clark. 
 
 Hugh Nelson, son of Governor Thomas, and grandson of 
 President William, became a citizen of Albemarle in 1802. 
 In that year he was admitted a member of its bar. He 
 married Eliza, daughter of Francis Kinloch, of South Caro- 
 lina, and Mildred, only daughter of John Walker, eldest son 
 of Dr. Thomas Walker. His home was at Belvoir; on the 
 east side of the South West Mountain. In 1803 he purchased 
 from lyilburn Lewis his plantation of nearly nine hundred 
 acres on the north side of the Rivanna, which in 1815 he sold 
 to John R. Campbell, and which is now in part the property 
 of David Hancock's heirs. He represented the county in the 
 House of Delegates, of which he was Speaker, and was a 
 member of Congress from 1811 to 1823, when he resigned to 
 accept the appointment of Minister to Spain. In 1819 he 
 became a magistrate of the county. He died in 1836. His 
 children were Francis K., Mildred, the wife of Thomas Nel- 
 son, of Clark, Ann, the wife of Dr. Thomas Meriwether, Dr. 
 Thomas, of Elk Hill, Rev. Cleland K., Keating, and Dr. 
 Robert W., who still lives to represent the name in Albe- 
 marle. 
 
 NICHOLAS. 
 
 The first patentee of land on James River within the 
 present county was George Nicholas, of Williamsburg. He 
 made the entry — the third in the county — of twenty-six hun- 
 dred acres in 1729. This was Dr. George Nicholas, the 
 immigrant, as the same land descended to his eldest son, 
 Robert Carter Nicholas, Treasurer of the colony. Robert 
 Carter never lived in Albemarle. John, Dr. George's second 
 son, became its Clerk in 1750, and continued to hold the 
 office till 1792. In that year he resigned, and spent the 
 remainder of his life in the southern part of the county, or 
 in Buckingham. His wife was Martha, daughter of Colonel 
 Joshua Fry, and his children John, Robert, George, Joshua, 
 Elizabeth, and another daughter, the wife of a Scott. John 
 —19 
 
290 HISTORY OF ai<bemari,b; 
 
 succeeded his father as Clerk. He was an extensive dealer 
 in the real estate of the county. He purcha.sed a large plan- 
 tation near Ivy Depot, on which he lived for some years, 
 and which he sold to Dabney and Thomas Gooch. He 
 became the owner of all the land surrounding Charlottesville 
 on the south and west, extending from the Scottsville Road 
 to Meadow Creek. His last residence was at Hor de Ville, 
 where James D. Goodman now lives. In 1815 he resigned 
 his office, and removed to Buckingham. His wife was 
 l/ouisa Howe Carter, of Williamsburg. His brother Joshua, 
 who was for a time his deputy, married Sarah, daughter of 
 Peter Marks, and removed to Charlotte County. 
 
 Three of Robert Carter Nicholas's sons, George, Wilson 
 Cary and I,ewis, were residents of Albemarle. George was 
 Captain, Major and Colonel in the Revolutionary army. 
 After the war he practised law in Charlottesville, and in 1788 
 was a member of the House of Delegates, and of the Conven- 
 tion to ratify the United States Constitution. He owned the 
 square on which Ivipscomb's Stable stands, and built as his 
 residence the stone house, which was long known as the 
 Stone Tavern. He purchased about two thousand acres of 
 land in the county, part of it that on which the University 
 stands, part on Moore's Creek, and part in the western sec- 
 tion on Ivy Creek and Lickinghole. He married Mary, sis- 
 ter of General Samuel Smith, of Baltimore. In 1790 he 
 removed to Kentucky, was active in its formation as a State, 
 and was its first Attorney General. At the time of his 
 removal, he sold most of his lands to Samuel Beale, of James 
 City, but died in 1799 before they were transferred; and this 
 act was not accomplished till 1818, when James Morrison, 
 his executor, conveyed them to Beale's heirs. 
 
 Wilson Cary was also' a soldier of the Revolution, the 
 commander of Washington's Life Guards. He filled the 
 offices of magistrate of the county, member of the Legisla- 
 ture, United States Senator, and Governor of Virginia. His 
 home was on his plantation on James River, including War- 
 ren, which he laid out as a town in 1794. His desire for 
 acquiring the broad acres amounted to a passion. Besides 
 
HISTOKY OF ALBEMARLE 291 
 
 his possessions in the southern part of the county, he owned 
 about two thousand acres at the Barracks, more than a thou- 
 sand on both sides of the Rivanna, including Carrsbrook, 
 and tens of thousands of acres in Bedford and Botetourt, 
 and on the Ohio River. He was in consequence greatly 
 oppressed with burdensome debts, which no doubt con- 
 tributed to the shortening of his days. Being advised to 
 travel on account of ill health, he set out for the North ; but 
 unable to continue his journey, he returned on his way home 
 as far as Tufton, then the residence of his son-in-law. Colo- 
 nel T. J. Randolph, where he died in 1820. His wife was 
 Margaret, sister of his brother George's wife, and his chil- 
 dren Mary, the wife of John Patterson, Gary Ann, the wife 
 of John Smith, and mother of Margaret, Robert Hill Carter's 
 wife, Robert C, Wilson C. , Margaret, Jane, the wife of T. 
 J. Randolph, JohnS. , Sarah, and Sidney, the wife of Dabney 
 Carr, Minister to Constantinople. 
 
 Lewis had his home at Alta Vista, a fine plantation west 
 of Green Mountain. He became involved in his brother 
 Wilson's embarrassments, and was thereby seriously broken 
 in fortune. He married Frances, daughter of William Harris, 
 and his children were John S., Wilson C, Robert, CaryAnn, 
 the wife of Rev. Charles Wingfield, and Sarah, the wife of 
 John H. Coleman. John S. and Wilson C. were appointed 
 magistrates of the county in 1838. 
 
 OLD. 
 
 John Old came to Albemarle from I/ancaster County, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1769, and engaged with John Wilkinson in 
 establishing a forge for the manufacture of iron. This 
 was erected in the gorge of the south fork of Hard- 
 ware, a short distance south of Garland's Store. In 1782 
 he bought from William Hamner nine hundred acres 
 on the north fork of Hardware, at the crossing of the 
 old I/ynchburg Road, and there built another forge. 
 This was a widely known point in its day. Mr. Jeffer- 
 son mentions it in his Notes. The road to it was spoken of 
 as the road to Old's Forge oftener perhaps than as the I<ynch- 
 burg Road. This property he sold in 1793 to Henry Weaver 
 
292 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 and his brother James. He died in 1809. He and his wife 
 Sarah had a son John, and a daughter Sarah, the wife of 
 Edward Garland. John married in 1785 Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Benjamin Dod Wheeler, and died in 1812. His children 
 were Nancy, the wife of Thomas Eubank, who removed to 
 Monroe County, Kentucky, Elizabeth, the wife of Reuben 
 Eubank, Ann, the wife of Joseph F. Wingfield, Thomas J., 
 George W., and probably Abijah. Thomas and George 
 removed to Campbell County. Abijah married Sarah Fret- 
 well, lived in the neighborhood of Old's Forge, and died in 
 1840. His children were James A., John, William, Martha, 
 Mary, the wife of John B. Douglass, and Sarah, the wife of 
 Samuel Norvell. The most of the last family removed to 
 Missouri. 
 
 James Old, brother of the first John, came to Albemarle 
 several years after his brother. He had been a Revolutionary 
 soldier, was in the unfortunate expedition against Quebec, 
 and fought in the battle of lyong Island. His home was on 
 Black Walnut Branch, between Mount Olivet Church and 
 Garland's Store. He built the mill two miles east of Red 
 Hill Depot about 1804. He died unmarried in 1821, devis- 
 ing the mill to George M. Woods and James Old Walters. 
 
 OLDHAM. 
 
 James Oldham was one of the contractors for erecting the 
 buildings of the University. This work most probably 
 allured him to the county, and its profits induced him to settle 
 in it. In 1828 he purchased from the trustees of Benjamin 
 Hardin the land on the Staunton Road, immediately 
 east of Mechum's River Depot. There he kept for some 
 years a house of public entertainment. He seems to have 
 been of an irascible temper. In such a state of mind he shot 
 Archelaus Robertson, the son of a neighbor about Christ- 
 mas 1834. As the grand jury declined to indict him, there 
 must have been but slight injury, and likely some provoca- 
 tion. His wife was Mary, daughter of Henry Gambell. He 
 died in 1843. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARI,E 293 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 In former times several Pages lived in Albemarle. In 
 1770 Robert Page purchased from Hezekiah Inman four 
 hundred acres on Taylor's Creek, near the border of what is 
 now Nelson. His children were James, William, Robert, 
 George, Samuel, Nicholas, Jane, the wife of Burgess Gri£&n, 
 Mary, the wife of Sherrard Griffin, and Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Peter Davis, of Hanover. All of these emigrated to Adair 
 County, Kentucky, except William, and Nicholas, who died 
 in 1817. In 1829 Nicholas M. Page, son of the younger 
 Robert, returned to Albemarle, where for some years he pros- 
 ecuted business as a merchant in Batesville, and achieved the 
 notable task of administering the great estate of Samuel Mil- 
 ler. He was a magistrate under the old regime, having been 
 appointed in 1841. He still lives, a venerable memorial of a 
 former generation. A William Page was the owner of land 
 below Milton, and of I^ot Forty in Charlottesville, in the 
 early part of the century. When he sold the lot in 1815, he 
 was described as a citizen of Nelson. He may have been the 
 William mentioned above. 
 
 Dr. Mann Page, son of Major Carter Page, of Cumberland, 
 came to the county about 1815. In that year he was united 
 in marriage to Jane Frances, daughter of Francis Walker. 
 His home was at Turkey Hill, a part of the Castle Hill place, 
 which his wife inherited from her father. Dr. Page was ap- 
 pointed a magistrate of the county in 1824, and died in 1850. 
 His children were Maria. Ella, Jane, Charlotte, William, 
 Francis W., Carter H., Frederick W., Mann, Thomas W., 
 and Dr. R. Channing, of New York. 
 
 PATRICK. 
 
 John Patrick, of Augusta, bought nearly a thousand acres 
 in the western part of the county, most, if not all, being a 
 portion of the immense Chiswell patent. His purchase com- 
 menced in 1765. Two years after he conveyed three hundred 
 acres to his son Charles; the remainder he appears to have 
 sold to other persons. Charles died in 1797. His children 
 were John, Charles, Mary, the wife of Joseph Burgher, 
 
294 HISTORY OF ALBEMAELK 
 
 Rachel, the wife of Thomas Smith, Martha, the wife of Joel 
 Smith, and Margaret. Charles married Dorcas, daughter of 
 Samuel Black, and removed to Fayette County, Kentucky. 
 John succeeded to his father's place, and died in 1832. He 
 was twice married, and his children were John M., Mary 
 
 Susan, the wife of Thomas O. Carr, and the wife of 
 
 James I^obban. The old homestead is still in the possession 
 of one of the descendants, Sarah A. Patrick, who became the 
 wife of James W. Tiniberlake. 
 
 PERRY. 
 
 George Perry was the owner of nearly five hundred acres 
 on Shepherd's Creek, a tributary of the lower Hardware, just 
 before the Revolutionary War. It is likely he was the father 
 of John M. Perry, the most noted of the name resident in 
 Albemarle. Countenance is given to this view by the fact, 
 that John M. first appears in the same section of the county, 
 purchasing in 1804 from Henry Wood a parcel of land on Buck 
 Island, which two years later he sold to Martin Railey. 
 About the same time a brother, Reuben, bought from Whit- 
 aker Carter his interest in his father's lands in Kentucky, and 
 in all probability removed to that State. George Perry, who 
 owned a tract of more than three hundred acres on Moore's 
 Creek, and in 1817 sold it to Nelson Barksdale, was perhaps 
 another brother. 
 
 John M. in 1814 purchased from John Nicholas, the County 
 Clerk, a tract of land including that on which the University 
 stands, and three years after sold that part of it to Alexan- 
 der Garrett, as Proctor of the Central University. In 1818 
 he bought from James Scott the Hydraulic Mills, and from 
 David J. lycwis a large plantation in the same neighborhood. 
 At the same time he was busily engaged as a contractor in the 
 erection of buildings. He constructed a number of the edi- 
 fices connected with the University, and built as his own res- 
 idence the brick house near by, known as Montebello. He 
 also built the mansion of Judge Philip Barbour on his place 
 Frascati, not far from Gordonsville. He was appointed a 
 magistrate in 1816, and for some years took an active part in 
 the business of the county. In 1829 he began selling off his 
 
HISTORY OF albbmarlb; 295 
 
 property, in 1834 disposing of the Hydraulic Mills to Nathan- 
 iel Burnley and Rice Wood, and his land in that vicinity to 
 William P. Parish. A year or two later he removed to Mis- 
 souri, and subsequently to Mississippi, where he soon after 
 
 died. His wife's name was Frances and his children 
 
 were Ann, the wife of Samuel Campbell, Elizabeth, the wife 
 of George W. Spooner, who was associated with him in his 
 work at the University, and Calvin L., who was admitted to 
 the bar in 1828, and married Mary Tutt, a sister of Professor 
 Bonnycastle's wife. 
 
 PEYTON. 
 
 John Peyton, son of Craven Peyton, of Ivoudoun County, 
 was an officer in the Revolutionary army, and during the war 
 was sent to Fluvanna County to purchase supplies. Three 
 nephews, sons of his brother Valentine, joined him there. 
 Craven, Robert and John. The nephews settled in Milton, 
 and Robert and John died unmarried at an early age. Cra- 
 ven, inheriting the property of his brothers, and likely that 
 of his uncle, who also died unmarried, became the possessor 
 of a large estate. He purchased from the family of Bennett 
 Henderson more than eleven hundred acres surrounding Mil- 
 ton, which in 1811 he sold to Mr. Jefferson. He also ac- 
 quired from his father-in-law nearly a thousand acres on both 
 sides of the Rivanna, including the old I^ewis homestead of 
 Monteagle, which he made his home. He married Jane Jef- 
 ferson, daughter of Charles I/ilburn Lewis and his wife lyUcy, 
 a sister of Mr. Jefferson. He died in 1837. His children 
 were Margaret, the second wife of Isham R. Jefferson, Val- 
 entine, Ivucy, the wife of James W. Eskridge, Mary, the wife 
 of William C. Eskridge, and Charles lycwis. The family 
 removing to other places, most of them to the Valley, the 
 estate passed into other hands. Charles lycwis settled at 
 Richlands, Greenbrier County, where he died a few years 
 ago, and his son. Rev. Charles W. Peyton is preaching as a 
 Presbyterian minister in Texas. 
 
 Bernard Peyton, a merchant of Richmond, about 1850 
 bought Farmington from John Coles Carter, when he removed 
 to Missouri. He made it his home, and died there suddenly 
 
296 HISTORY OF ALBKMAELE 
 
 in 1854. He was the father of Major Green Peyton, Proctor 
 of the University, and a second cousin of Craven before men- 
 tioned, and of John Howe Peyton, the distinguished lawyer 
 of Staunton. 
 
 Another family of the name was settled in the county. 
 Henry Peyton became the owner of Park Hill, the old Drury 
 Wood place near Stony Point , where he resided until his death . 
 His wife was a sister of William P. Parish, and his sons were 
 William, Benjamin, George L,., Dr. E. O., Bernard and Eu- 
 gene, all of whom exhibited a marked degree of enterprise, 
 some in conducting lines of Stages, and some in hotel keep- 
 ing. They removed for the most part to West Virginia. 
 
 PHILLIPS. 
 
 In 1746 Joseph Phillips obtained a grant of land on Buck 
 Mountain Creek, and removing to North Carolina in 1778, 
 sold it to John Phillips, who by further purchases acquired a 
 -considerable landed estate. From 1750 to 1760 Leonard 
 Phillips patented nearly a thousand acres in the southern 
 part of the county on Ivy and Green Creeks, portions of 
 which he sold to George Blain, and to Peter and William 
 Farrar. 
 
 William B. Phillips came to the county at the time the 
 University buildings were projected, and was engaged in the 
 work of their construction. He was afterwards active in his 
 dealings in real estate, both in town and country. In 1823 
 he bought Lots Thirteen and Seventy-Seven, and built upon 
 them the brick houses, the former of which he sold to Gov- 
 ernor Gilmer in 1831, and the latter to Dr. James A. Leitch. 
 He purchased in 1833 from Eli Alexander nearly five hun- 
 dred acres of the CoUe estate, and built thereon the large 
 brick mansion, which was subsequently the residence of Dr. 
 George M. Bowen, and more recently of Hamilton Potts. 
 His busy career terminated in Charlottesville in 1861. 
 
 PILSON. 
 
 It is probable the Pilson family originally belonged to 
 Augusta County. In 1760 Richard of that name purchased 
 from Jean Kinkead two hundred and twenty-four acres lying 
 
HISTORY OF ai^bbmarle; 297 
 
 at the foot of the Blue Ridge. He appears to have died not 
 long after, and the property descended to his son Samuel. 
 In 1778 Samuel was living in Augusta, and in that year sold 
 the land to William Pilson. William sold it to Nathaniel 
 Harlow in 1783, and five years later it was the first purchase 
 of John Dettor, of York County, Pennsylvania. It is likely 
 that Samuel and William were brothers, and that Mary 
 Pilson, who became the wife of William Wallace in 1771, 
 was their sister. 
 
 John Pilson next appears, and was the son of Samuel. 
 He was a man of sterling character, sincere piety, and the 
 strictest integrity. He carried on the mercantile business in 
 partnership with his cousin William Wallace until the death 
 of William in 1809, and then conducted it alone for many 
 years. The store stood on the old Staunton Road on the 
 north side of the branch, opposite the house now owned by 
 Rev. Dabney Davis. He invested the earnings of his busi- 
 ness in the old Hardin property, which in 1837 he sold to 
 Thomas C. Bowen. He was appointed a magistrate in 1824, 
 and served for a time as ruling elder in the Mountain Plains 
 Church. He never married, but was once engaged to his 
 cousin Polly Wallace. Their union being opposed by friends 
 because of relationship, they quietly acquiesced, but withal 
 still loved and lived in each other's eyes until her death in 
 1845 ; and to her memory he remained constant until his own 
 death, which occurred ten years later. A nephew, Matthew 
 Pilson, from Augusta County, was for some years an assist- 
 ant in the store. After John's death he returned to Augusta, 
 where he died not long ago at an advanced age. 
 
 PIPER. 
 John Piper first purchased land in Albemarle in 1779. He 
 then bought from Alexander Henderson four hundred acres 
 on Lickinghole, which he sold to John Buster in 1792. In 
 the meantime, in 1783, he bought from Charles Wingfield a 
 place between Batesville and the Nelson line, which he made 
 his home. When the records begin again in 1783, he was an 
 acting magistrate of the county. In 1815 he conveyed nearly 
 five hundred acres of his land to his son. His wife's name 
 
298 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 was Ann, and his children William and Elizabeth, the wife 
 of Garrett White, of North Garden. William, who succeeded 
 to the homestead, died in 1835. He and his wife Elizabeth 
 had eleven children, Mary Ann, Garrett W., William, Nancy, 
 the wife of Robert Field, Marshall, Willis, Jeremiah, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of Richard M. Durrett, Richard, Frances and 
 John. Some years after the death of the father, the place 
 was sold to William H. Turner, and those of the family still 
 living removed to Missouri. 
 
 PRICE. 
 
 Edmund Price owned land for a short time in the neigh - 
 borhood of Scott's I^anding prior to 1770. John Price 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Brown, of Brown's 
 Cove, and in 1777 seems to have been a resident of Augusta 
 County. 
 
 Richard Price was one of the earliest inhabitants of Milton, 
 and there spent his life. He died in 1827. He was twice 
 married. His children by his first wife were Jane, the wife 
 of John Watson, Isabel, the wife of Edmund Read, and 
 Eucy, the wife of John Burks, and mother of Eucy Jane, the 
 wife of Eilburn R. Railey. His second wife, Frances, had a 
 daughter, Sarah, who became the wife of Robert C. Scott, of 
 Lynchburg. 
 
 In the early years of the century, John Price lived in the 
 northeast part of the county. His wife was Sarah, daughter 
 of Abraham Munday, and his children John, Henry, Matilda, 
 the wife of William Marshall, Amanda, the wife of Nimrod 
 Herring, Louisa, the wife of Thomas Harlow, Harriet, the 
 wife of Thomas Salmon, Daniel and Nimrod. 
 
 Henry Price about 1823 came to Charlottesville from 
 Mecklenburg County. He was a native of Stockport, Eng- 
 land, and a tailor by trade. He owned at one time the 
 house on the corner of the west side of the Square and High 
 Street, and the house in the rear of the late Thomas Wood's. 
 The latter he sold in 1829 to Dr. Frank Carr. He died in 
 1835. The next year his widow Nancy bought the lot on 
 Park Street, north of Thomas Wood's, and built the brick 
 house, which in comparatively recent years was enlarged by 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMAELE 299 
 
 ]R. R. Prentis. He had a daughter Rebecca, who became the 
 wife of Christopher Hornsey, and a son Henry, who lately 
 acquired some notoriety, by exploiting a patent for an 
 immense tract of land in the disputed zone between Vene- 
 zuela and British Guiana. 
 
 Stephen C. Price in 1826 married I^ydia Ann, daughter of 
 •Charles Harper. He lived on a farm on the south side of the 
 old Richard Woods Road, southwest of Ivy Depot. He acted 
 for a time as Treasurer of the County School Commissioners. 
 He died in 1845. His children were I^ucy, the wife of Jesse 
 X,. Maury, Charles H., Daniel, Robert, Elizabeth, and Sarah, 
 the wife of James E. Pride. 
 
 QUARLES. 
 
 Roger Quarles in 1741 obtained a grant of four hundred 
 acres on both sides of Priddy's Creek, which William Quarles, 
 who was no doubt Roger's son, and who was described as of 
 Orange County, sold to Richard Durrett in 1763. Whether 
 any of the family ever lived on the land, is not known ; it was 
 however sufficiently recognized by the public, to give the 
 name of Quarles's Creek to a branch of Priddy's Creek pass- 
 ing through it, and crossing the Barboursville Road. 
 
 In 1767 James Quarles, of King William, purchased from 
 John Walker a plantation called Rock Hall, and containing 
 nearly nine hundred acres, originally a part of the large 
 Meriwether grant. He sold it in 1776 to Cornelius Ruddell, 
 who two years after sold it to John Hunton, of Augusta. It 
 remained in the Hunton family many years, Charles B. Hun- 
 ton, a son of John, being appointed a magistrate in 1791, 
 serving as Sheriff in 1813, and dying in 1818. James Quarles 
 in 1778 bought from John Clark nearly thirteen hundred 
 acres on Mechunk, which four years later he sold to Francis 
 Kinloch, of South Carolina. He was appointed a magistrate, 
 and was occupying the office of Sheriff in 1783, when the 
 records again begin. He had a daughter Ann, who in 1785 
 became the wife of Henry Washington, of King George. 
 Washington died in 1788, leaving two children, Frances 
 Maria, and Ann Catharine, and in 1791 his widow was mar- 
 ried to John Tinsley. Whether Quarles continued to reside 
 
300 HISTORY OF AlvBEMARLE 
 
 in Albemarle till his death, or removed elsewhere, does not 
 appear. 
 
 A tract of seventeen hundred acres lying on the waters of 
 Buck Island and Hardware, was purchased from Duncan 
 McLaughlin by a company consisting of Benjamin Fitzpat- 
 rick, Robert Wright, Robert French, and John Quarles of 
 Ivouisa. In connection with the final disposition of this 
 land, it appeared that John Quarles had six children, two of 
 whom were Albert G. and Garrett Minor. Garrett became, 
 a member of the Albemarle bar in 1813. Albert G. married 
 Mary, daughter of Dabney Minor, and his children were 
 Matilda, I/Ucy, Henry, and Albert, who removed with their 
 parents to Kentucky. 
 
 RAIJvEY. 
 
 Martin Railey came to Albemarle from Chesterfield in 1806. 
 He lived on Buck Island, on a farm he purchased from John 
 M.Perry. He died in 1814. His wife was Elizabeth Mayo, 
 and his children Daniel M., John M., Lilburn R., and 
 Catharine, the wife of Anderson Shiflett. Daniel succeeded 
 to the homestead, Woodbourne, married lyUcy Jane, daugh- 
 ter of John Watson, of Milton, was appointed a magistrate 
 in 1830, and not long after sold his place, and removed to 
 Southwest Virginia. His descendants continued still further 
 West, and some ajre now living in Missouri. John married 
 Mary, daughter of William Watson. He died early about 
 1833. After his death his widow built the brick house on the 
 north end of Second Street, now the residence of Mrs. J. W. 
 I/ipop. He had four children, all of whom removed from the 
 county. Lilburn R. was educated at Washington College in 
 Lexington, married Lucy Jane Burks, niece of John Watson, 
 was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church, and was 
 appointed a magistrate of the county in 1838. His home 
 was on his farm near the Hydraulic Mills, recently owned by 
 William Nuttycomb. After the war he resided in Charlottes- 
 ville. He died in 1893. 
 
 RAMSAY. 
 
 Rev. John Ramsay was the rector of St. Anne's parish, 
 lived in the southern part of the county, and died in 1770. 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 301 
 
 In 1772 John Ramsay, of Augusta, purchased from Archi- 
 bald Woods nearly four hundred acres on Stockton's Creek, 
 and five years later sold them to Alexander Ramsay, in all 
 probability a brother. In 1774 William, another brother as 
 is supposed, bought from Adam Dean in the same vicinity 
 more than four hundred acres, and ten years after from Alex- 
 ander all that belonged to him. 
 
 William married Margaret, daughter of Andrew Wallace, 
 and granddaughter of old Michael Woods. His home was on 
 the place where James M. Bowen resided. He first built the 
 mill on the place, which in early times went by the name of 
 Ramsay's Mill. The old dwelling still stands near the head 
 of the mill pond. He died in 1825. He had three sons, 
 Andrew, John and William. In 1814 Andrew was living on 
 a farm on the Staunton Road, adjoining the lands of G. W. 
 Kinsolving, William Fretwell and John Dettor. His chil- 
 dren were Thomas, Higginbotham, Margaret, William Albert, 
 Mary J., and Andrew W. John married Mary, daughter of 
 Samuel Black. His home was where Dr. John R. Baylor 
 lived. His children were William, Jane, the wife of John G. 
 I,obban, Catharine, Joseph T. , Mary, the wife of James C. 
 Rothwell, and Dorcas. William, son of William, succeeded 
 to the home of his father, and died in 1832. His children 
 were Jane, the wife of Jarrett Harris, William S., Margaret, 
 the wife of Meredith Martin, and Mary, the wife of Jeremiah 
 Wayland. All the descendants of these families, bearing 
 the name, removed to different parts of the West. 
 
 RANDOLPH . 
 
 William Randolph, of Tuckahoe, was the first of the name 
 to enter land within the present limits of Albemarle. In 
 1735 he was granted twenty-four hundred acres "on the north 
 side of the Rivanna near the mountains, a little below Moun- 
 tain Falls." On the organization of the county, he was 
 appointed its Clerk. At his death his land passed to his 
 son, Thomas Mann Randolph, of Tuckahoe. Neither William 
 nor Thomas ever resided in the county, but soon after the 
 marriage of Thomas Mann's son, bearing the same name, 
 ■with Martha Jefferson, and his own second marriage with 
 
Gabriella, daughter of Johnjjarvie, ihe land was transferred 
 by the father to the son. The latter then made Edgehill his 
 home. He engaged with much activity in public affairs. 
 He was appointed a magistrate in 1794, elected to Congress 
 in 1801, and chosen Governor of Virginia in 1819. He dis- 
 played a lively zeal in promoting the interests of agriculture 
 in the county. He died in 1828. His children were Ann, 
 the wife of Charles I/. Bankhead, Thomas J., Ellen, the wife 
 of Joseph Coolidge, of Boston, Cornelia, Virginia, the wife 
 of Nicholas P. Trist, Dr. Benjamin F., and George Wythe. 
 
 The home of Charles L,. Bankhead was Carlton. He was 
 twice married. His children by his first wife were John W., 
 who recently died in Missouri, Ellen Monroe, the wife of 
 John Coles Carter, and Thomas Mann, who settled in Arkan- 
 sas. His second wife was Mary Carthrae, a granddaughter 
 of General Samuel H. I<ewis, of Rockingham. He died 
 about 1833, leaving one son, Charles ly., by the last marriage. 
 The stalwart and venerable figure of Colonel Thomas J. is 
 familiar to many still living. For many years he took a 
 leading part in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the 
 county. He was a magistrate, a member of the I,egislature, 
 a devoted member of the County Agricultural Society, and 
 President of the Farmers' Bank. He married Jane, daughter 
 of Governor W. C. Nicholas. Benjamin F. was a physician, 
 and lived at the south end of Carter's Mountain. He mar- 
 ried Sarah, daughter of Robert H. Carter. In addition to 
 his professional labors, he was appointed a magistrate in 
 1846, and for several terms was a member of the State Senate. 
 George W. was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1840, and 
 a few years after removed to Richmond. In the days of the 
 Confederacy, he was its last Secretary of War. 
 
 Colonel Richard Randolph, of Henrico, owned land in 
 Albemarle. In 1760 he obtained a grant of two hundred and 
 forty acres on Moore's Creek. At some time he purchased 
 twelve hundred acres adjoining the tract just mentioned from 
 someone, perhaps from William Taylor, who seems to have 
 entered it in 1737. To Dr. Thomas Walker, as trustee of 
 the county, he sold. a thousand acres of this land, on which 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLB 303 
 
 in 1762, Charlottesville, the new courthouse, was estab- 
 lished. He also entered nearly fifteen hundred acres in the 
 southern part of the county on Green Creek. He probably 
 never resided on this land, but managed it through the 
 agency of overseers. 
 
 Governor Edmund Randolph was also a landholder in 
 Albemarle. In 1786 he purchased from John Fry twenty- 
 five hundred acres on Green Mountain, including the View- 
 mont estate. For some years he sought relaxation from his 
 professional and oflScial cares in looking after this property. 
 In 1793 he petitioned for the right to erect a mill on Hard- 
 ware, where Colonel Fry had had one before. He sold this 
 land to William C. Carter in 1798. 
 
 In 1805 Dr. Thomas Kston Randolph bought from John- 
 son Rowe the land opposite Milton, on which is situated the 
 estate of Glenmore. His wife was Jane Cary, sister of 
 Governor Thomas Mann Randolph. He was appointed a 
 magistrate of the county in 1807. In 1813 he sold Glenmore 
 to Louis H. Girardin, the continuator of Burk's History of 
 Virginia, and purchased a plantation further down the river 
 on Carroll's Creek, called Ashton. This place he sold in 
 1826 to Joel W. Brown, and removed to Campbell County. 
 His daughter, FHzabeth, became the wife of Francis Fppes 
 Jr., the grandson of Mr. Jefferson. 
 
 In the decade of 1840, John T. Randolph came to the 
 county from the Valley, and married Ann, daughter of Wil- 
 liam P. Farish. In 1862 he entered the Baptist ministry. 
 
 RE A. 
 
 The name of Rea is found in the county at the time of its 
 formation. In 1747 Fergus Rea bought a portion of the Chis- 
 well patent on Rockfish. About the same time John Rea was 
 the owner of land on the Rivanna near Martin King's Ford, 
 the present Union Mills. Whether these persons were related 
 to those hereafter mentioned, does not appear. 
 
 Andrew, Thomas and Samuel Rea were considerably inter- 
 ested in real estate during a period extending from 1744 to 
 1788. At the first of these dates, Andrew entered a small 
 tract on the south side of the Rivanna, a short distance above 
 
304 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 the mouth of Ivy Creek, and at the time was the owner of 
 land adjoining. Beyond doubt he gave name to the ford so 
 called, though it should be written Rea,not Ray; in the patent 
 it is written Reay. Thomas owned land on the head waters 
 of Mechum's near Round Mountain, and subsequently pur- 
 chased in the vicinity of Rea's Ford, and on Meadow Creek^ 
 not far from the old Poor House. Samuel also had a place 
 near Rea's Ford, and in 1788 bought on Beaver Creek between 
 Crozet and Whitehall. All three were married, the name of 
 Andrew's wife being Mary, that of Thomas's Ursula, and 
 that of Samuel's Jane, daughter of Daniel Maupin and his 
 wife, Margaret Via. These persons, it is likely, were broth- 
 ers. Samuel's children were Daniel, Andrew, Thomas, Rob- 
 ert, and Margaret, the wife of Ezekiel McCauley. Robert 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Maupin and his wife, 
 Mary Elizabeth Dabney, lived in the Beaver Creek neighbor, 
 hood, and died in 1831. In a report of Bernard Brown of 
 persons listed to work on the roads near the foot of Buck's 
 Elbow in 1792, Andrew and Thomas Rea are mentioned; 
 and in an order of Court on the same subject made in 1823, 
 o:cur the names of Robert, Thomas and Bland. 
 
 Thomas, the third son of Samuel, lived beneath Buck's 
 Elbow, and died in 1850. His wife was Ann, daughter of 
 Bland Ballard, and his children Daniel, Jane, the wife of Gar- 
 land Maury, Bland, Jemima, the wife of Richard Beckett, 
 Ann, the wife of John Bales, Samuel, and Margaret, the wife 
 of George Wolfe. Bland married Sarah Alexander, and sec- 
 ondly Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel John Jones. In his 
 youth he was associated with Benjamin Ficklin in the man- 
 ufacture of tobacco, but afterwards settled as a farmer near 
 the old homestead, and died in 1868. His children were 
 John A., Joseph, William, James, Mary, the wife of Bernard 
 Tilman, and Maria, the wife of Oscar I^ipscomb. 
 
 RIVES. 
 In the latter part of the last century, Robert Rives, who 
 married Margaret, daughter of Colonel William Cabell, trans- 
 acted an extensive business at Warminster, Nelson County. 
 In the enterprising spirit which inspired his undertakings, he 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLB 305 
 
 established a branch house in Milton, soon after the founding 
 of that town, under the firm of Brown, Rives & Co. The 
 partners were James Brown, of Richmond, Robert Rives, and 
 Robert Burton. He also became the owner of large and val- 
 uable tracts of land in Albemarle. For the Boiling Spring 
 plantation, which he bought from John Patterson, of Balti- 
 more, in 1818, he gave sixty thousand dollars, the largest 
 sum perhaps ever paid for any farm in this region. His sons, 
 William C, George, Henry, Robert and Alexander, all re- 
 sided in Albemarle. 
 
 William C. in 1819 married Judith, daughter of Francis 
 Walker, who inherited Castle Hill as her portion of her fa- 
 ther's estate. About the same time he became a member of 
 the Albemarle bar. His career in public is a matter of his- 
 tory. He did service in the I^egislature, in the United States 
 Senate, and as Minister to France. He was regarded as one 
 of the most finished orators of his day. After his retirement 
 he was occupied in writing a history of the Life and Times of 
 James Madison. He died in 1868. George married Mary 
 Elliza, daughter of Robert Carter. His home was at Sherwood, 
 on the north side of the Hardware, below Carter's Bridge. 
 He married a second time Maria, daughter of Professor George 
 Tucker, and died in 1874. Henry received from his father a 
 plantation on Green Mountain in 1827. Robert married Eliz- 
 abeth Pennill, and resided at the old Nicholas place near 
 Warren. He died in 1867. Alexander was admitted to the 
 bar in 1829, and made his home for many years at Carleton, 
 which he purchased in 1833 from the trustees of Charles I/. 
 Bankhead. He was a member of both houses of the L,egis- 
 lature, and of Congress, and soon after the war was appointed 
 Judge of the United States Court for the western District of 
 Virginia. He was twice married, first to Isabel Wydown, 
 and secondly to Sarah Watson, of Louisa, and died in 1885. 
 
 Paulina, a daughter of Robert Rives, was the wife of Rich- 
 ard Pollard, who lived in the southern part of the county. 
 Their children were Margaret, the wife of James P. Hender- 
 son, Virginia, Rosalie, James R., Lucy, Richard, Edward 
 A., and Henry Rives. Edward and Henry were both jour- 
 
 —20 
 
306 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 nalists. Besides his editorial labors on the Richmond Ex- 
 aminer, Edward published a number of works, and died in 
 I^ynchburg in 1772 . On account of an article which appeared 
 in the Southern Opinion, of which he was one of the editors, 
 Henry was shot by James Grant in Richmond in November 
 1868, and his remains were brought for interment in the 
 family burying ground in Albemarle. 
 
 RODES. 
 
 The first of the Rodes name to settle in Albemarle was 
 John, and his coming occurred in 1749. In that year he 
 bought from James Armor four hundred acres on the north 
 fork of Rockfish, and in the conveyance was described as of 
 St. Martin's parish, l/ouisa. He also purchased land on 
 Moorman's River. He died in 1775. His wife was Mary 
 Crawford, and he left five daughters and four sons, David, 
 Clifton, Charles and John. 
 
 David came to the county in 1756, and lived on the north 
 side of Moorman's River. Besides managing his plantation, 
 he conducted a store. He was appointed a magistrate, and 
 served as Sheriff, probably in 1776 and 1777. He was twice 
 married, first as is believed to Mary, daughter of Matthew 
 Mills, and secondly to Susan, daughter of Nelson Anderson. 
 He died in 1794, and his widow became the wife of James 
 Kerr. His children, all of whom were born of the first mar- 
 riage, were John, Matthew, Charles, Mary, the wife of 
 Robert Douglass, Elizabeth, the wife of Horsley Goodman, 
 Nancy, the wife of William Dulaney, Ann, the wife of James 
 Ballard, IvUcy, the wife of Joseph Twyman, Martha, the 
 wife of Joel Yancey, and Mildred, the wife of William Wal- 
 den. The Douglass,, -Yancey, Walden, and probably Du- 
 laney, families removed to Kentucky. John died unmarried 
 in 1823. Matthew succeeded to his father's place. He was 
 appointed a magistrate in 1816. By becoming security, he 
 was involved in financial diflSculties, and his property was 
 sold to pay his debts ; it was however redeemed by his son 
 David. He died in 1834. His wife was Nancy Blackwell, 
 and his children David, Mary, Robert, Henrietta, the wife of 
 Clement P. McKennie, Gilly, the wife of Robert Guy, Ann, 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BEMARI^E 307 
 
 the wife of Daniel Fishburne, Elizabeth, the second wife of 
 Nathaniel Massie, Mildred and Judith. David about 1816 
 was deputy Clerk of the county, and afterward removed to 
 I^ynchburg. In 1822 he married Martha, daughter of Joel 
 Yancey, of Bedford. General Robert E- Rodes, of the Con- 
 federate army, who fell at Winchester in 1864, was his son. 
 Robert succeeded to the homestead, was twice married, first 
 to Margaret, daughter of Richard Duke, and secondly to 
 Hardenia Williams, of Nelson, and died in 1874. 
 
 Clifton first lived at the foot of Buck's Elbow, on a place 
 he bought in 1769 from Matthew Mullins, and afterward sold 
 to Cornelius Maupin. In 1773 he purchased from William 
 I/ewis a plantation near Ivy Depot, which he made his home 
 until 1788, when he sold it to George Nicholas, and not long 
 after removed to Kentucky. He was a magistrate of the 
 county, and served as Sheriff in 1783. His wife was Sarah 
 Waller, and three of his children were married in Albemarle, 
 John to Jean Stapleton, daughter of Thomas Burch, Dorothy 
 to David Kerr, and Mary to Joseph Burch, brother of John's 
 wife, and grandfather of Rev. Dr. J. J. Bullock, and the wife 
 of Vice-President Breckinridge. 
 
 Charles resided where his father first bought, on the 
 waters of Rockfish. The land now lies in Nelson County. 
 From his family the Methodist Church in that vicinity is 
 commonly spoken of as Rodes's Church. He died in 1798. 
 Mrs. McClunn, who resides near Batesville, is his grand- 
 daughter, and William Rodes, who lives at Brooksville, his 
 great grandson. 
 
 John lived on the south side of Moorman's River, and died 
 in 1810. His wife was Sarah, daughter of Robert Harris, 
 and his children Robert, Tyree, Clifton, John, Charles, Mary, 
 Ann, the wife of John Garth, Henrietta, the wife of Rev. 
 Bernis Brown, and Sarah, the wife first of William Daven- 
 port, and secondly of Micajah Woods. Robert was a Captain 
 in the Revolutionary army, and made prisoner at the capture 
 of Charleston, S. C. He married Eliza Dulaney, and removed 
 to Madison County, Kentucky. Tyree emigrated to Giles 
 County, Tennessee. Clifton lived near Ivy Depot on a farm, 
 
308 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 which was given him by his father, and which he sold in 
 1810 to George Pickett, of Richmond. In 1807 he was 
 appointed a magistrate of the county. He married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John Jouett, and was the administrator of the 
 Jouett estate. After the sale of his property he removed to 
 Kentucky. John succeeded to the paternal estate south of 
 Moorman's River. He was also appointed a magistrate in 
 1807, and served as Sheriff in 1832. He died in 1839. His 
 wife was Francina, daughter of Bernard Brown, and his 
 children Sidney, wife of Powhatan Jones, of Buckingham, 
 Ryland, John D., William, Sarah, wife of Samuel C. Woods, 
 who emigrated to Missouri, Tyree, Virginia, the wife of 
 W. C. Smith, Jacintha, the wife of J. Smith, Frances, the 
 wife of Garland Brown, and L,ucy Ann, the wife of James 
 Payne. Ryland married Sarah Woods, and lived and died 
 in Nelson. John D. married Mrs. Ann Durrett Morris, and 
 died without children. William married F. C. Yancey, of 
 Rockingham, and lived on the old home place, which after 
 his death in 1882 devolved on his sons Thomas and John 
 William. Tyree removed to Tennessee. 
 
 ROGERS. 
 
 In 1748 John Rogers, of King William, obtained grants of 
 four hundred acres on Naked Creek, and of four hundred on 
 Buck Mountain Creek. At the same time his son George 
 was granted four hundred acres on Piney Run. John further 
 patented upwards of six hundred more on Naked Creek in 
 1761. Neither of them however ever lived in the county. 
 John died about 1768. 
 
 Giles, a son of John, came to the county anterior to 1765. 
 He purchased the interest of his brother George in 1775. His 
 home was on the waters of Buck Mountain Creek. He died 
 in 1794. His wife was Ann, daughter of John Lewis, of 
 Spotsylvania, and his children Achilles, Parmenas, Ann, the 
 wife of Robert Davis, Lucy, the wife of Jonathan Barksdale, 
 Frances, the wife of Samuel Twyman, and Rachel. Achilles 
 married his cousin Mary George, lived on Ivy Creek, near 
 the crossing of the Whitehall Road, and died about 1820. 
 Parmenas succeeded to the home of his father, was appointed 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BKMARLB 309 
 
 a magistrate in 1807, became Sheriff in 1834, and died in 1836. 
 He was twice married, first to a Miss [Baber, and secondly 
 to Elizabeth Ferguson. He had a large family, William, 
 Joseph, Ralph, James B., George, Parmenas, Permelia, Giles, 
 Frances, Orville, Catharine, Thomas, Jonathan, Flizabeth, 
 the wife of Nathan Barksdale, and Ann. James B. was a 
 physician, lived west of Earlysville, married Margaret, 
 daughter of David Wood and Mildred L,ewis, was the father 
 of Martha, the wife of her cousin. Dr. Alfred Wood, and Dr. 
 W. G. Rogers, of Charlottesville, and died in 1863. Frances 
 is the sole member of this numerous household still living in 
 Albemarle. 
 
 Byrd, another son of John, was for a time a resident of the 
 county. He was twice married to sisters, Mary and Martha 
 Trice, and had by the first two sons, John and Philip, and 
 by the second one, George. He emigrated to Kentucky 
 about the beginning of the century, and died shortly after. 
 George accompanied his father to the West. Philip spent 
 his youth in Albemarle, contracted roving habits, owned an 
 interest at one time in the Red Sweet Springs, and died 
 in Ivouisville, Ky. John, familiarly known in his day as 
 Farmer John, passed his life on his plantation in the county, 
 near Keswick Depot. He and his son-in -law, Richard Samp- 
 son, were regarded as occupying the front rank among the 
 sagacious and successful planters of the State. About 1820 
 the Albemarle Agricultural Society awarded to John Rogers 
 the premium for having the best tilled farm in the county. 
 He died in 1838. His wife was Susan, daughter of Charles 
 Goodman, and his children John, Thornton, Mary, the wife 
 of Richard Sampson, and Janetta, the wife of J. Price Samp- 
 son. John married Agnes, sister of Stephen Sampson, 
 succeeded to the homestead, and died in 1841. Thornton 
 resided at Keswick, a part of his^father's place, on which for 
 some years he conducted a classical school, and which gave 
 name to the neighboring Depot. A few years before his 
 death he entered the Presbyterian ministry. His wife was 
 Margaret, daughter of Andrew Hart, and his children 
 Adeline, the wife of Rev. E. 1,. Cochran, Susan, the wife of 
 
310 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Rev. Joseph Baxter, Dr. A. Hamilton, Oscar, William A., 
 Julia, the wife of Keating Nelson, Celia, the wife of Rev. 
 James M. Wilson, and John. He departed this life in 1834. 
 In the decade of 1790, a John Rogers, whose wife's name 
 was Mary, came from Stafford, and bought land in the neigh- 
 borhood of Earlysville; nothing further is known of him. 
 Some years later another John Rogers came from I,ancaster 
 County, and lived on the east side of the South West Moun- 
 tain. To distinguish him from Farmer John, the syllable 
 I/an. was aflEixed to his name, while to Farmer John's was 
 appended the letter M. He died in 1851. 
 
 SAMPSON. 
 
 Richard Sampson was the descendant of a family that set- 
 tled in Goochland, in the early part of the eighteenth century. 
 He became a citizen of Albemarle in 1804. In that year he 
 purchased from Thomas M. Randolph, trustee of Dr. William 
 Bache, Benjamin Franklin's grandson, the plantation Frank- 
 lin, containing six hundred acres. In 1812 he bought from 
 Francis Gilmer the Pen Park place, containing four hundred. 
 The latter he sold to John H. Craven in 1819, and the former 
 to John H. Craven and N. H. I^ewis in 1821. He returned 
 to Goochland, and resided near Dover Mills until his death 
 in 1862, at the great age of ninety-two. His wife was Mary, 
 daughter of John Rogers. Rev. Francis S. Sampson, who 
 studied at Keswick with his uncle Thornton Rogers, was one 
 of the early students of the University, and was Professor in 
 the Union Theological Seminary, was his son. 
 
 John Price Sampson, Richard's brother, married Janetta, 
 another daughter of John Rogers. He lived for some years 
 on part of the Rogers place near Keswick, and for a time kept 
 a public house at Everettsville. In 1829 he bought Tufton 
 from the Jefferson estate, which he sold in 1833 to Thomas 
 Macon, of New Kent. The next year he purchased Colle 
 from Bli Alexander. Not long after he removed to the old 
 Meredith place near New Glasgow, Amherst, where he died 
 in 1842. His children were Fdward, Thornton, Margaret, 
 the wife of Micajah Clark, Elizabeth, and the wife of a Man- 
 taprise. 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI,M 311 
 
 Stephen Sampson was a son of Robert, brother of Richard 
 and Price. He was twice married, first to Ann, daughter of 
 Reuben I^indsay, and secondly to Sarah, daughter of Joseph 
 Campbell. His home was on the old Campbell place on 
 Mechunk, where he died a few years ago. 
 
 SCHENK. 
 
 Cornelius Schenk was one of the early merchants of Char- 
 lottesville. Coming to the place soon after the Revolutionary 
 War, he carried on the business of general merchandising in 
 partnership with Peter I^ott, until the death of IvOtt in 1803. 
 He was also a partner with Isaac Miller and Daniel Culp in 
 other enterprises, particularly in establishing a tannery in 
 the southern part of the town, which in later years was owned 
 by John Pollock. He first lived not far from Ira Garrett's 
 old home, but in 1792 bought the lots just west of the Epis- 
 copal Church, and there resided until his death in 1810. He 
 purchased from the Woodsons the land north and northwest 
 of the town, and from the fact that a tributary of Meadow 
 Creek flowed through it, arose the name of Schenk's Branch, 
 which remains to this day. For many years he was active 
 in performing useful public services in town and county, but 
 for some reason he declined in standing and influence, pecun- 
 iary troubles overtook him, and all his property was sold 
 to clear off the liens with which it was encumbered. 
 
 His wife was Rebecca Winston, of Hanover, who survived 
 him a little more than a year, and his children Peter lyott, 
 Eleanor Winston, Mary, John W., and Richard F. Dr. Frank 
 Carr, whose mother was a Winston, became the guardian of 
 the younger children. Peter I/Ott lived on the northwest cor- 
 ner of Market and Fourth Streets, and owned the square on 
 which the house stood; and though he died in 1815, his 
 interest in the property was not finally disposed of, till com- 
 missioners appointed by Court conveyed it to Dr. Hardin 
 Massie and John Cochran in 1828. The other members of 
 the family removed from the county, and all trace of them 
 seems lost to the memory of the oldest inhabitants. 
 
312 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 SCOTT. 
 
 Edward Scott in 1732 obtained a patent for five hundred 
 and fifty acres "on the north side of the Fluvanna, at a place 
 called Totier." When the county was organized in 1745, 
 Samuel Scott Rave bond for erecting the public buildings on 
 the land of his brother Daniel. These were both sons of 
 Edward, who it is likely was dead at the latter date, as the 
 County Court, at its first adjournment, appointed its next 
 meeting to be held on Mrs. Scott's plantation. The same 
 date John Scott, who is subsequently mentioned as of Cum- 
 berland County, patented four hundred acres on Totier Creek. 
 Whether he was also a son of Edward, does not appear, but 
 the strong probability is that he was. Ann Scott, the wife 
 of George Nicholas, of Dinwiddle, a brother of Robert Carter 
 Nicholas, was also a member of .this family. Samuel, the 
 contractor, died in 1801. 
 
 In 1764 John Scott purchased seventeen hundred and fifty 
 acres on Totier from David Meriwether, the patentee. His 
 wife was Margaret, daughter of Colonel Joshua Fry. He 
 died in 1798, and his wife in 1811. His children were Ed- 
 ward, John, Charles Alexander, Daniel and Frances. Daniel 
 lived on his farm on Green Mountain, and died in 1851. He 
 never married, and for want of other objects of affection, he 
 surrounded himself with great numbers of wild geese. His 
 fascination over these winged coursers of the air was so re- 
 markable, that in their flights to and fro they made his plan- 
 tation their stopping place, and some that remained the year 
 round, he carefully nurtured and jealously protected. John 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of John Boiling, of North Gar- 
 den, and died before his father, leaving a son John. This 
 John inherited the land about Scottsville, and was the 
 founder of that town in 1818. He married Susan B. Woods, 
 and his children were Elizabeth, Pocahontas and Mary. 
 
 Charles Alexander married Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 Hudson. He was appointed a magistrate of the county in 
 1801. His children were Edward, William, Samuel, Charles 
 A., John, and Martha, the wife of William M. Woods. Ed- 
 ward settled in Powhatan, and married Elizabeth and Mary, 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLB 313 
 
 daughters of his cousin John. William married Elizabeth 
 Powell, of Amherst, and lived in Buckingham. Samuel 
 became a physician, practised in Albemarle and Amherst, 
 and recently died near Howardsville at an advanced age. 
 His wife was Ann, daughter of I,andon Davies, of Amherst, 
 and his children Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Scott, son of 
 her uncle William, andl,andon, who married lyouisa, daugh- 
 ter of Dr. Charles D. Everett. Charles A. purchased from 
 his cousin John the plantation on James River, on the upper 
 side of Totier, which in 1835 he sold to Dr. John W. Gantt. 
 He subsequently lived on the farm of his uncle Daniel on 
 
 Green Mountain. He was twice married, first to Ann , 
 
 and secondly to Pocahontas, daughter of his cousin John. 
 His house was burned to the ground by the soldiers of Sheri- 
 dan in the spring of 1865 ; and being out on his farm at the 
 time, and suddenly hearing of the calamity, he fell dead on 
 the spot. His brother John made his home in Fluvanna. 
 
 SHELTON. 
 
 Samuel Shelton was settled in the county from the begin- 
 ning. In 1745 he purchased five hundred and fifty acres of 
 the twelve hundred acre tract on James River, granted to 
 Thomas Goolsby in 1732; the endorsement on the convey- 
 ance of this land made in 1788, expressly mentions the 
 destruction of the records by the British in 1781. Samuel 
 Shelton died in 1793. His wife's name was Judith, and his 
 children were Clough, Joseph, Samuel, David, Elizabeth, 
 the wife of John Tindall, and the wife of John l,ewis, who 
 lived near Scott's I/anding. Clough was a Captain in the 
 Revolutionary army, and was taken prisoner at the surrender 
 of Charleston. He died about 1833. His children were 
 Nelson, Maria, the wife of Robert Anderson, Cicely, the 
 wife of a Walker, and William A. Samuel in the early part 
 of the century was engaged in business in Warren. In 
 partnership with William Walker and John Staples, under 
 the style of Samuel Shelton & Co. , he conducted a large mill 
 and distillery at that place. In 1810 he purchased from Gov- 
 ernor W. C. Nicholas the Boiling Spring plantation, which 
 
314 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 he soon after sold to John Patterson, the Governor's son- 
 in-law. He died in 1826. 
 
 A William Shelton, who died in 1789, lived on Mechum's 
 River, not far from the present Depot. His wife's name was 
 Elizabeth, and his children were John, Gideon and Thomas. 
 In 1794 Thomas, his wife Mary, and his mother Elizabeth, 
 conveyed what seemed to be Thomas's portion of the estate 
 to Tarleton Woodson, and likely removed from the county. 
 The relation of this family with others of the name cannot 
 be ascertained. 
 
 In 1749 William Shelton, of St. David's parish. King and 
 Queen, purchased land on Byrd Creek, in what is now 
 Fluvanna County. His wife's name was Patience, and he 
 had a daughter Sarah, who was the wife of Augustine 
 Shepherd. It is thought he was also the father of Henry 
 and William. Henry lived in the northeast part of the 
 county, on the Barboursville Road. He died in 1799. It is 
 said his wife was a. Long, a sister of the wife of Thomas 
 Garth Sr., and his children were Susan, the wife of Thomas 
 Smith, Ann, the wife of Jacob Powers, who removed to 
 Harrison County, Kentucky, Jane, the wife of Jeremiah White, 
 Martha, the wife of Samuel Mansfield, Mourning, the wife of 
 John White, Ann, the wife of Achilles Barksdale, Thomas 
 Iv., Mildred, William and Austin. Austin settled oii 
 Mechum's River, above the Depot, and died unmarried in 
 1806. He was succeeded by his brother Thomas I,., who 
 also purchased in 1812 from the trustees of Menan Mills his 
 mill, and the tract belonging to it, which he bought in 1789 
 from John Black. Thomas L. died in 1859. He married 
 Susan, daughter of James Ballard, and his children were 
 Martha, the wife of Martin Baker, Stapleton, Austin G., 
 Dr. Thomas W., who recently died in Augusta County, 
 Mary, the wife of David Jeffries, James H.,and Lucy, the 
 wife of George C. Omohundro. 
 
 William, son of William, owned land on both sides of 
 Mechum's, near the Depot. His home was on the north side 
 of the Staunton Road, on the place now owned by Charles 
 H. Price. He died in 1815. He was twice married, first to 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 315 
 
 IvUcy, daughter of Robert Harris, and secondly to Sarah 
 
 . His children were William Harris, Mourning, the 
 
 wife of Archibald Woods, Elizabeth, the wife of Richard 
 Mobbery, Dabney, Sarah, I/Ucy, the wife of Elliott Brown, 
 Agnes, Weatherston and Thomas. The first three emigrated 
 to Kentucky. Dabney and Thomas, who sold their part of 
 the estate in 1817 to Francis McGee, were living at the time 
 in Augusta County. Weatherston, who married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Richard Harrison, sold the same year to Ben- 
 jamin Hardin the interests of himself and his deceased sis- 
 ters, Sarah and Agnes, and removed to Mason County, 
 Virginia. 
 
 SIMMS. 
 
 William Simms lived in the northeast part of the county, 
 on the waters of Priddy's Creek and Blue Run. The first 
 mention of his name occurs in 1779, when he bought land in 
 that neighborhood from Josiah Bush. He was Captain of a 
 militia company in the war of the Revolution. He built one 
 of the first mills on Priddy's Creek, and for many years it 
 was a noted point in that vicinity. He died in 1797. He 
 and his wife Agatha had nine daughters and two sons, Mary, 
 the wife of John During, Elizabeth, the wife of John McCann, 
 lyucy, the wife of John Dalton, Joanna, the wife of James 
 Ownsley, Ann, the wife of Samuel Brockman, Nancy, the 
 wife of Ambrose Brockman, Agatha, the wife of William 
 Catterton, Frances, the wife of Richard Flint, Rosamond, 
 the wife of Joseph Williams, Richard and John. James 
 Simms, who lived in the same section, was probably a 
 brother of William, certainly the guardian of his younger 
 children. He was twice married, first to Mildred, daughter 
 of Richard Durrett, and secondly to l/ucy, daughter of James 
 Early. He had two sons, Richard D. and Isaac. 
 
 Richard D. married Elizabeth, daughter of David Clarkson, 
 and his children were Eliza, the wife of Edward Wingfield, 
 Jane, the wife of Tandy Brockman, Cornelia, the wife of 
 Rev. Robert Watts, and Lucy Ann, the wife of James D. 
 Watts, and William J. His home was near the mouth of 
 Priddy's Creek, and he died in 1862. Isaac lived in the Buck 
 
316 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Mountain district, and died in 1836. His wife was Nancy 
 Catterton, and his children Mary, the wife of William Black- 
 well, Eliza, the wife of lyOgan Maupin, Permelia, the wife of 
 Samuel Crawford, of the Valley, Agnes, the wife of John D. 
 Carr, Julia and Richard D. 
 
 John Sims lived in the Buck Mountain neighborhood, and 
 died in 1798. His wife's name was Mary, and his childrea 
 John, Francis, Nathaniel, and a daughter, who was the wife 
 of Ison Walton. 
 
 SMITH. 
 
 Joseph Smith in 1734 joined with Kdwin Hickman, 
 Thomas Graves, and Jonathan Clark in entering thirty-two 
 hundred and seventy -seven acres on the north side of the 
 Rivanna, where it is crossed by the South West Mountain. 
 In the partition of the tract, the portion of Smith coincided 
 with the Pantops plantation. He devised it to his sons, 
 John, Larkin, Philip and Thomas. In the interval from 
 1746 to 1765, they sold their shares, and eventually they all 
 came into the possession of Mr. Jefferson. What became of 
 the brothers, is not known. It is probable I,arkin died in 
 the county in 1763, and I^arkin Smith, doubtless a son of 
 his, or of one of his brothers, was a Captain in the Fourth 
 Dragoons in the Revolutionary army. 
 
 About 1766, William, John and Charles Smith, of Han- 
 over, purchased land on the head waters of Mechum's and 
 Rockfish. They were probably brothers. Charles settled 
 on Taylor's Creek, and William and John on Whitesides, 
 where they both bought from Morans, William from Nich- 
 olas, and John from John Moran. Charles died in 1771, 
 William in 1801, and John in 1808. The name of John's 
 wife was Elizabeth, and his children were Thomas, William, 
 Mary, the wife of Francis Montgomery, Nancy, the wife of 
 David Burgher, Joel, Martha, Elizabeth, the wife of Robert 
 Page, and Charles. Joel married Martha, daughter of 
 Charles Patrick, and his children were Mary, the wife of 
 John Massie, John P., Elizabeth, the wife of John Wallace, 
 Harriet and Thomas J. All this family except Mrs. Wal- 
 lace and her husband, removed to Kentucky. Charles lived 
 
HISTORY Olf ALBBMARLB 317 
 
 at the foot of Armor's Mountain on the border of Nelson, 
 and died in 1842. His wife was Mary Bailey, and his chil- 
 dren William, Joel, Robert P., Frances and Jane. 
 
 In 1769 Thomas Smith purchased a part of the Chiswell 
 patent on the head waters of Mechum's. He died in 1783. 
 His children were Thomas, John, Ann, the wife of William 
 Grayson, Sarah, the wife of Nathan Crawford, I^awrence, 
 Mary, the wife of (David ?) Buster, Susan, and another 
 daughter (Ursula?), the wife of a Ray. His son Thomas 
 died in 1791. His wife's name was Susan, and his children 
 were Nancy, the wife of James I,obban, Boiling, who re- 
 moved to lyincoln County, Missouri, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 Nicholas Merritt, Mary, Martha and Sebanah. The children 
 of Nicholas and Elizabeth Merritt were Rhoda, the wife of 
 Thomas Grayson, Thomas, Susan, the wife of Robert 
 Haislip, Sarah, the wife of Andrew Black, Markwood, 
 Rosanna, the wife of James Black, James and Retta, the wife 
 of Jeremiah Dollins. 
 
 SOUTH ALI,. 
 
 Valentine Wood Southall, during a long and busy 
 career, was one of the most prominent men of the county. 
 He was the son of Stephen Southall and Martha Wood, and 
 the grandson of Valentine Wood and I/Ucy Henry, a sister 
 of the renowned orator. In early life he was engaged in busi- 
 ness in Washington City, but afterwards studied law, and 
 was admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1813. By his 
 thoroughness and impressive elocution he soon attained a 
 place in the front rank of the profession. In 1829 he was 
 appointed Commonwealth's Attorney, and held the ofBce till 
 it became elective under the Constitution of 1850. He was 
 a member of the Convention that formed that Constitution, 
 and also of that of 1861, acting as the President of the latter 
 during the sickness of its presiding officer. Though devoted 
 to his legal duties, he took an active part in politics, and for 
 a number of terms was a member of the House of Delegates, 
 and also its Speaker. He died suddenly in the latter part 
 of 1861. He was twice married, first to Mary, the daughter 
 of Alexander Garrett, and secondly to Martha, daughter of 
 
318 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 James P. Cocke. The home of his early married life was on 
 the northwest corner of High and Fourth Streets, the present 
 residence of Dr. W. G. Rogers, but about 1829 he removed to 
 the brick m.ansion near the corner of Jefferson and Secondj 
 which he built. 
 
 SOWELL. 
 
 Thomas Sowell made one of the earliest entries of land 
 within the bounds of Albemarle. In 1734 he obtained a grant 
 of five hundred and fifty acres west of the southern end of 
 Carter's Mountain. His name still distinguishes Sowell's 
 Branch, a stream which passes through the land into the 
 north fork of Hardware. He died in 1763. His wife's name 
 was Martha, and his children were John, William, Joseph 
 and Thomas. Thomas died unmarried three years after his 
 father. The name of John's wife was also Martha, and his 
 children were Thomas, Benjamin, Edmund, Elijah, Elisha, 
 and Keziah, the wife of William Perry. Elisha Sowell mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Gilliam in 1808. In 1834 Lewis and Nimrod, 
 sons of one of the brothers above mentioned, purchased from 
 William Garland the lot on University Street east of R. F. 
 Harris's Warehouse, where for many years they conducted 
 the wheelwright business. Lewis married Mary Ann, daugh- 
 ter of William Dunkum, and his children were William, Mary, 
 the wife of Albert Gentry, and Benjamin. Pleasant, another 
 descendant of the family, married Sarah, daughter of Edward 
 Garland. 
 
 STAPLES. 
 
 Thomas Staples during 1783 and the next year took out 
 patents for more than eight hundred acres on Hudson and 
 Totier Creeks, and for one hundred and fifty in North Gar- 
 den. He purchased more than four hundred more on Totier. 
 Before the close of the century he sold most of this land to 
 Samuel Dyer, much of it lying contiguous to Glendower. It 
 is believed his wife was Ellinda, daughter of Castleton Har- 
 per, and his children Thomas, Beverly, and Sarah, the wife 
 of lyittlebury Moon. Thomas was for years a leading mer- 
 chant in Scottsville, and died in 1868. His wife was Ann, 
 daughter of William Tompkins, and his children Sarah, the 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 319 
 
 wife of D. p. Powers, Martha, the wife of John S. Martin, 
 
 Olivia, the wife of Spencer, Phaniel, the wife of W. D. 
 
 Davis, Susan, Catharine, Marietta, Silas, William T. , and 
 John. Beverly died in 1865. He married Judith White, and 
 his children were William G., Elmira, Maria, the wife of 
 
 Chambers,' Ann, the wife of John Tyler, Minerva, the 
 
 wife of Alfred Flippin, Addison, and Emily, the wife of Mad- 
 ison Porter. 
 
 STEVENSON. 
 
 Andrew Stevenson, born in Culpeper in 1785, was the son 
 of Rev. James Stevenson, rector of St. Mark's, Culpeper, and 
 St. George's, Fredericksburg, and his wife, Frances A. I^it- 
 tlepage. He was a lawyer by profession, member of Con- 
 gress, Minister to Fngland, and Rector of the University of 
 Virginia. In 1816 he married Sarah, daughter of John Coles. 
 The next year he purchased upwards of seven hundred acres 
 on Totier Creek from William Watkins, a descendant of Wil- 
 liam Battersby, one of the original lawyers of the county. A 
 stream passing through the place went for many years by the 
 name of Stevenson's Creek. This plantation he sold to 
 Tucker Coles in 1833, and in 1836 he bought .Blenheim, the 
 old seat of the Carters, which he made his home till his death 
 in 1857. He was buried in the Coles cemetery at Enniscor- 
 thy. He married a second time, and his widow after his 
 death resided in Washington City. His son, John W., was 
 admitted to the Albemarle bar in 1834, settled in Covington, 
 Ky., was elected Governor of that State in 1867, and repre- 
 sented it in the United States Senate in 1871. 
 
 STOCKTON. 
 
 Among the earliest settlers in the western part of the county , 
 who came as is said under the leadership of Michael Woods, 
 was a family named Stockton. Though their name has 
 entirely disappeared, they have in a number of ways left their 
 mark behind. They consisted of several branches. They 
 erected perhaps the first mill in that section of the county. 
 The north fork of Mechum's River still bears the name of 
 Stockton's Creek, the south fdrk in early times was called 
 Stockton's Mill Creek, and the first name by which Israel's 
 
320 HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 
 
 Gap was known was Stockton's Thoroughfare. The famous 
 abbreviation of D. S. is also ascribed to the head of the fam- 
 ily. One story recites that Michael Woods and Davis Stock- 
 ton landed at Williamsburg, and came to the wilds of 
 Goochland together, that arriving at D. S., they advanced in 
 different directions. Woods continuing straight forward to 
 Woods's Gap, and Stockton bearing to the left along the foot 
 of the mountain towards Batesville, and that as a memorial 
 of the place where they separated, Stockton carved his initials 
 on a tree. While their landing on the eastern shores of Vir- 
 ginia is contrary to all the best established traditions, there 
 may be truth in the rest of the narration. Both were patent- 
 ees of land, and they may ha\?e gone from the foot of the 
 Ridge to Williamsburg on business ; on their return, the sep- 
 aration would naturally have taken place at the point men- 
 tioned, as Woods's home lay at the mouth of Woods's Gap, 
 and the Stocktons were settled along Mechum's River, the 
 south fork as well as the north. 
 
 As already intimated, the head of the family was Davis 
 Stockton. His first entry of four hundred acres on Ivy 
 Creek was made in 1739, and in 1741 he patented eight hun- 
 dred more on both forks of Mechum's. Altogether the fam- 
 ily connection obtained grants of nearly four thousand acres 
 in that section. Davis died in 1760. His widow Martha 
 seems afterwards to have been married to Samuel Arnold, 
 who lived on Ivy Creek. Davis's children were Richard, 
 Samuel, William and Thomas. Samuel and William had a 
 mill on the south fork of Mechum's, not far from Batesville, 
 the same no doubt their father built, which in 1767 they sold 
 to James Garland. Prior to 1780 Samuel emigrated to 
 Rutherford County, North Carolina, and was probably ac- 
 companied by William. Richard lived in the fork of Me- 
 chum's, near the old Black place; in fact, that place was a 
 part of his land, he and his wife Agnes having sold four 
 hundred acres to Rev. Samuel Black in 1751. He died in 
 1775, leaving five sons, Richard, Thomas, John, Robert and 
 Davis. The name of John appears among the subscribers 
 to the Albemarle Declaration of Independence, made in 1779. 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARI.B 321 
 
 Previous to 1791 Richard and Robert removed to H^nry 
 County. Richard became Clerk of the Strawberry Baptist 
 Association, and Robert entered the Baptist ministry, and 
 subsequently v/ent to Kentucky, where he died about 1837. 
 Thomas, probably the son of Davis, died in 1783. He and 
 his wife Rachel had six sons and two daughters, some of 
 whom were still in the county as late as 1805. 
 
 In later years John N. C. Stockton came to the county 
 from Pennsylvania. He was a proprietor of the Stage lines 
 running in Virginia, and made Charlottesville his headquar- 
 ters. He became a large landholder in the neighborhood. 
 In 1830 he purchased from Andrew Leitch the old Stage lot 
 on the corner of Market and Seventh Streets, in 1832 Carrs- 
 brook from Alexander Garrett, as executor of Dabney Minor, 
 and in 1835 Retreat from Jonathan B. Carr. He was also 
 the owner of Camp Holly, on the Barboursville Road. He 
 married Emily Bernard, a niece of William D. Fitch. In 1837 
 he came to an untimely end, by drowning in Mobile Bay. 
 William P. Farish became the administrator of his estate, 
 and ultimately one of his successors in the ownership of the 
 Stage lines. William Stockton, brother of John N. C, mar- 
 ried Sarah, daughter of Gideon Strange and Mildred Magru- 
 der, and emigrated to Florida. 
 
 SUDDARTH. 
 
 William and James Suddarth were early settlers in the 
 county. They were undoubtedly brothers. They and their 
 descendants were located on the south fork of Hardware, 
 between the Cross Roads and Covesville. Previous to 1750, 
 William bought from Abraham Venable three hundred acres 
 of a tract of fifteen hundred which Venable had patented in 
 1735 in that vicinity. In the year first named, William 
 exchanged two hundred acres with James, for the same quan- 
 tity which James had purchased from the same tract. Wil- 
 liam seems to have died before 1768, as at that time I^awrence 
 Suddarth, apparently his son and representative, conveyed to 
 James the other hundred acres of William's purchase from 
 Venable. I^awrence was a resident of Amherst, but subse- 
 
 —21 
 
322 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 quently settled in Albemarle, on Green Creek. His wife's 
 name was Martha, and he died in 1815. 
 
 James died in 1800, and left at least three children, Wil- 
 liam, James, and Mildred, the wife of John Turner. These 
 brothers lived near where the present lyynchburg Road 
 crosses the south fork of Hardware, a mill known as Sud- 
 darth's Mill having conspicuously marked that locality for 
 many years. In 1830 William was assessed with more than 
 thirteen hundred acres of land. He died in 1832. It is said 
 his wife, was Martha Sumter, and his children were William 
 H., James, Sarah, the wife ofiRobert Porterfield, Martha, the 
 wife of Richard Littleford, Richard P., who married Martha 
 Morris, and whose daughter Sarah was the wife of Henry 
 Darrow, Nancy, the wife of George Paris, Elizabeth, the 
 wife of John W. Dettor, and Mildred, the wife of William 
 Page. His brother James married Jane, daughter of John 
 Randolph. He died about 1850, and his children were 
 James, Randolph, William T., Mary, the wife of David 
 Hicks, Patience, the wife of Rice Oaks, Thomas, John and 
 Benjamin. 
 
 SUMTER. 
 
 The first mention of the Sumter name occurs in 1763, 
 when William Sumter bought from Thomas I,and one hun- 
 dred acres on Priddy's Creek, which had been patented in 
 1739 by Major John Henry, the orator's father, and which 
 I/and had purchased from his son, William Henry. Sumter's 
 next purchase was made in 1770 on the north fork of the 
 Rivanna, at the south end of Piney Mountain. This land 
 was conveyed by John Poindexter, who obtained the grant 
 of it in 1738, and from whom the mountain was originally 
 called Poindexter's Mountain, and the creek running through 
 it (no doubt Herring's Creek at present) , Poindexter's Creek. 
 William Sumter continued his purchases, till he owned 
 between six and seven hundred acres. In 1776 he and his 
 wife Judith sold off all his property. One of the sales was 
 made to John Sumter, probably a brother, and the land John 
 then bought he and his wife Catharine conveyed in 1779 to 
 Charles Bush. In all probability they sold to go elsewhere. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 323 
 
 No intimation appears as to the place of their removal ; but 
 as their kinsman, General Thomas Sumter, had already 
 attained a distinguished name, it is almost certain they emi- 
 grated to South Carolina, the theatre of his gallant achieve- 
 ments. 
 
 A well founded tradition exists, that General Sumter was 
 born in Albemarle, and in the section referred to as the home 
 of William and John. It rests particularly on the testimony 
 of Dr. Charles Brown, who was born just after the Revolution. 
 The Doctor was familiarly acquainted with a sister of the 
 General, Mrs. Martha Suddarth, the wife of William Sud- 
 darth, who lived and died in the county. Mrs. Suddarth 
 was well know in her day throughout the community, because 
 of her intelligence and skill as a nurse. Mr. Jefferson, in one 
 of his letters to his daughter, Mrs. Eppes, when in declining 
 health, recommended her to seek the advice of Mrs. Sud- 
 darth, as one whose experience and judgment were worthy of 
 the highest regard. It may be that she and her eminent 
 brother were children of one of the couples mentioned above. 
 
 SUTHERLAND. 
 
 In 1774 Joseph Sutherland bought from Gamaliel Bailey 
 nearly three hundred acres a short distance east of the Miller 
 School. This place he sold three years after to Thomas 
 Harlow, and purchased in the South Garden, near the gorge 
 of the south fork of Hardware. He died in 1801. His first 
 wife's name was Judith, and he married again Elizabeth, 
 daughter of William Grayson. His children were Joseph, 
 and Susan, the wife of Christopher Myers. Joseph married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Garland, and in 1817 bought 
 from him part of the old James Garland place about 
 two miles southwest of the Cross Roads, which in those days 
 went by the name of the Head of the Creek Plantation. He 
 died in 1818, leaving four sons, Clifton G., Joseph, William 
 and Edward. Clifton married Mary Ammonett, lived at the 
 Cross Roads, had a large family, and died in 1868. Joseph 
 in 1837 purchased from Dr. John W. Gantt the place adjoin- 
 ing the Cross Roads on the southwest, where he lived until 
 
324 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 his death in 1866. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Richard G. Anderson. William married Lucy, daughter of 
 Roland H. Bates, and lived on the Head of the Creek Planta- 
 tion, where he recently departed this life. Edward lived on the 
 Batesville Road, west of the Cross Roads. He married Ann 
 Shepherd, who after his death became the wife of John P 
 Mann. 
 
 TAYLOR. 
 
 William Taylor in 1737 obtained a grant of twelve hundred 
 acres on Moore's Creek, which is believed to include the land 
 whereon Charlottesville is situated. He also patented the 
 same quantity on the north fork of Hardware in 1741. It 
 must have been a part of this tract, nearly eight hundred 
 acres, which James Taylor, most probably a son, sold to 
 James Buchanan in 1765. The same year James sold to 
 James Buchanan part of a patent of his own, which was lo- 
 cated on Hardware and Murphy's Run in 1750, and on which 
 he was then living. Nothing further is known of these per- 
 sons, except that Nancy, a daughter of James, was the wife 
 of John Eaves. 
 
 During 1760 and some years after, Benjamin Taylor be- 
 came the owner by patent and purchase of more than seven 
 hundred acres on Broadaxe Creek and Mechum's River. 
 Part of this land he sold in 1772 to Micajah Chiles. He died 
 in 1809. His wife's name was Mary, and he had three sons, 
 Fleming, Winston and Benjamin. In 1811 the widow, being 
 about to remove to Georgia, appointed George M. Woods 
 her attorney, to transact any of her unfinished business. 
 Her sons may possibly have preceded her to that State ; but 
 though none of the family remain, they have left behind a 
 memorial of their name in the passage through the mountain 
 near their old place, which is still known as Taylor's Gap. 
 
 At a much later period, J. C. R. Taylor came to the county 
 from Jefferson. He married Martha J., daughter of Colonel 
 T. J. Randolph, and resided at lycgo. He died in 1875. 
 
 TERRELL. 
 
 In 1734 Joel Terrell, of Hanover, and his brother-in-law, 
 David lyewis, patented three thousand acres north and west 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 325 
 
 of what is now called I^ewis's Mountain, sixteen hundred 
 belonging to Joel. He died about 1758, devising the land to 
 his sons, William and Joel, though all eventually came into 
 the possession of Joel. Joel became a dealer in real estate 
 in many parts of the county, and owned considerable prop- 
 erty in and around Charlottesville. His home was in town, 
 on the corner of Market and Fifth Streets, where the City 
 Hall now stands, and where he resided till his death in 1773. 
 He married his cousin Ann, daughter of David I^ewis. 
 After his decease she became the wife of Stephen Willis, 
 and removed to Rutherford County, North Carolina, where 
 she died at the great age of more than a hundred years. Her 
 husband's large estate was sold off in subsequent years by 
 his executors, herself, William Terrell, and James Kerr. 
 
 Henry Terrell, of Caroline, in 1737 entered seventeen hun- 
 dred and fifty acres on the south fork of Mechum's and 
 Whitesides Creek, including the site of Batesville. He died 
 prior to 1764. The land descended to his sons, Henry and 
 Thomas. In the year last named, Henry, who lived in Caro- 
 line, sold to Solomon Israel twenty acres near Stockton's 
 Thoroughfare, which in time took the name of the new pur- 
 chaser as Israel's Gap. The next year he closed out the 
 remainder of his share to John Jones, of l/ouisa. Thomas 
 and his wife Rebecca sold his share in 1768 to Reuben Ter- 
 rell, of Orange. In 1770 Robert Terrell, of Orange, bought 
 from Thomas McCulloch upwards of three hundred acres in 
 the same vicinity, which in 1783 he and his wife Mary I^acy 
 sold to Marshall Durrett. Reuben died in 1776. His wife's 
 name was Mildred, and his children were Mary, the wife of 
 John Wood, son of Isaac, and John. His widow became 
 the wife of Jesse Wood, to whom the step -son sold the 
 larger part of his father's land. John Terrell married Lucy, 
 daughter of David Burgher, and died without children in 
 1857. By his will he manumitted his negroes, and directed 
 his executors, Reuben Wood, his nephew (to whom he 
 devised his land), and John B. Spiece, to send them to 
 Liberia. 
 
 John Terrell, who it is believed was a brother of Reuben 
 
326 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 and Robert, and a son of Edmund Terrell and Margaret 
 Willis, purchased in 1799 from Robert Carter more than 
 twelve hundred acres in the Biscuit Run Valley. In the 
 first years of the century, Terrell's Shop was a familiar 
 waymark on the road from Charlottesville to Carter's Bridge. 
 He and his wife Rebecca sold his property in Albemarle, 
 and about 1806 removed to Greenup County, Kentucky. His 
 mother died in 1812, and his sisters were Nancy, the wife of 
 Thomas Henderson, Jane, the wife of Joseph Bishop, Fran- 
 ces, the wife of Charles C. I^acy, and lyucy. 
 
 Chiles Terrell lived at Music Hall, on the east side of the 
 South West Mountain. In 1783 he married Margaret Doug- 
 lass, the widow of Nicholas Meriwether. During the war of 
 the Revolution, he was regarded as leaning strongly to the 
 Tory side. In 1777 the County Court refused to allow a 
 deed to him from David Meriwether to go to record, because 
 of their suspicion that he had not, taken the oath of allegiance 
 to the States. He was the acting executor of Micajah Chiles, 
 His son, James Hunter Terrell, who succeeded him at Music 
 Hall, married Susan Vibert, and died in 1856. 
 
 The family of Captain William Terrell, of I<ouisa, resided 
 in Albemarle. In 1825 his widow, Martha, purchased from 
 Dr. Frank Carr Hors de Ville, the place near the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio Depot now occupied by James D. Goodman. She 
 died in 1830. Her children were Richmond, the father of 
 Mis. William W. Minor, Fleanor, Rebecca, Nancy, Emily, 
 the wife of Daniel F. Carr, I<ucy, Mary, Martha, the wife of 
 Samuel H. Royall, Dorothy and Malvina. These ladies, 
 because of their eminent culture and accomplishments, were 
 known in the community as the Nine Muses. 
 
 Joel Terrell, who was the son of Christopher, came to the 
 county about 1828. In that year he bought from Dabney 
 Minor's executor a part of the Carrsbrook estate, where he 
 lived until his death in 1851. He married I^ucy Marshall, a 
 sister of the wives of Nimrod Bramham and John R. Jones. 
 His children were Sarah, the wife of Nathan C. Goodman, 
 Agnes, the wife of Charles Wright, Eliza, the wife of Sta- 
 pleton C. Shelton, Mary, the third wife of Fontaine D. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 327 
 
 Brockman, Albert, George, lyucy, Almira, Clementina, the 
 wife of Nelson Elsom, Virginia, the wife of Peter V. Phillips, 
 Harriet, and Hardenia, the wife of William Beck. 
 
 THOMAS. 
 
 Michael Thonias in 1745 and 1748 patented six hundred 
 acres on Hog Creek and Rockfish River. He seems however 
 to have resided on James River. At the resumption of the 
 records in 1783, he was active as a magistrate of the county, 
 and was appointed Sheriff in 1789. He was greatly harrassed 
 by suits brought against him as incumbent of that office, 
 owing to the maladministration of his deputies, Edward 
 Moore and Menan Mills. Perhaps these annoyances incited 
 the old gentjeman to seek the balmy consolations of matri- 
 mony a second time. At all events he entered into those 
 bonds with Elizabeth Staton in 1792 ; and in writing to the 
 Clerk for a license, he stated that he was unable to visit the 
 /county seat himself, but sent his son Ralph, and his grand- 
 son John Carroll, to act in his behalf. He died in 1802. His 
 children appear to have been Michael, Joseph, Jesse, Ralph, 
 Edward, James, and a daughter, who was the wife of a Car- 
 roll. The future of the family is unknown, except that 
 Joseph died in 1797, and Michael in 1826. 
 
 John Thomas came to the county from Amherst. He was 
 twice married, first to Frances, daughter of the elder John 
 Henderson, and secondly to Frances, daughter of Charles 
 lycwis Jr., of Buck Island. He lived for a time on a tract of 
 land which he received from his second father-in-law on Ivy 
 Creek, and which he sold in 1788 to Robert Draffen, and 
 afterwards on the land of his son Charles ly. Thomas near 
 Red Hill. He died in 1847. His children by the first mar- 
 riage were Warner, Norborne K. , James, Elizabeth, the wife 
 of a Wood, and I,ucy, the wife of James lyewis ; those by 
 the second were Charles I/., John L,., Virginia, and Mar- 
 garet, the wife first of Julius Clarkson, and secondly of 
 Robert Cashmere. In the early part of the century, Warner, 
 Norborne and John 1,. did business in Richmond as commis- 
 sion merchants, under the firm of N. K. Thomas & Co. 
 
328 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 About 1815 they purchased the Cole land on the north side 
 of Tom's Mountain, a thousand and twenty-eight acres; 
 three hundred they sold to Stephen Moore, and the remain- 
 der was assigned to John L. Thomas, when he retired from 
 the firm in 1818. 
 
 By the will of his uncle Isham Lewis, who died in 1790, 
 Charles L. Thomas became the owner of more than eighteen 
 hundred acres on the north fork of Hardware, where Red 
 Hill Depot now stands. His home was where the family of 
 John B. Townley now reside. Before his death in 181^, he 
 leased the eastern part of the place to his brother John L. 
 during the lives of his parents, for their support, and that 
 of his sisters. His wife was Margaret, the youngest daugh- 
 ter of Nicholas Lewis, of the Farm, and his children were 
 Mary Walker, the wife of Alexander Clayton, Nicholas L. , 
 Charles, Robert Warner, Frances Elizabeth, the wife first of 
 Dr. Charles H. Meriwether, and secondly of James Hart, 
 and John J. The western part of the place was divided 
 among the children, who in 1830, and some years following, 
 sold their portions, and emigrated to Montgomery County, 
 Tennessee. John L. passed his life on the place leased him 
 by his brother. He was appointed a magistrate in 1838, and 
 died unmarried in 1846. 
 
 THOMPSON. 
 
 Joseph Thompson was one of the original magistrates of 
 the county, and its first Sheriff. He resided in the bounds 
 of Fluvanna, not far from Palmyra. He died in 1765. His 
 wife's name was Sarah, and his children were Roger, 
 George, Leonard, John, and Frances, the wife of a Woodson. 
 The family was well represented in the Revolutionary army. 
 Roger was a Captain in the Second Virginia, and John, First 
 Lieutenant in the Seventh, while George and Leonard were 
 Lieutenants in the State militia. In 1737 Roger Thompson 
 Jr., patented nearly three hundred acres on Foster's Creek in 
 the Stony Point neighborhood; it is probable he was the 
 same as Captain Roger. The same year John Thompson 
 entered more than five hundred acres on the south fork of the 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLM 329 
 
 Rivanna, and in 1759 one hundred and twenty more a sbort 
 distance above on Moorman's. It is believed he was the 
 brother of Roger, and the father, or more likely the grand- 
 father, of Roger and Nathaniel, who lived on or near the 
 land which he entered. The last mentioned Roger died in 
 
 1838. He married and his children were William, 
 
 Nicholas, Nathaniel, Mary, the wife of Richard Franklin, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of a Ballard, Sarah, the wife of Samuel 
 Ward, and Susan, the wife of William Ward. His son 
 Nathaniel married Temperance, daughter of William Cren- 
 shaw, gave the land on which Wesley Chapel was built, and 
 died about 1835. Nathaniel Sr. married I/Ucy, daughter of 
 Bernard Brown, and died in 1874. His children were 
 Edmund I., who died in 1868, Bernard, and Mary, the wife 
 of James E. Chapman. 
 
 In 1766 Waddy Thompson, of I,ouisa, came to the county, 
 and married Mary, daughter of Robert lycwis, and widow of 
 Samuel Cobb. He had previously married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Nelson Anderson, of Hanover. His children by the 
 first marriage were Nelson, Anderson, David, who removed 
 to Woodford County, Kentucky, Waddy, "'^who removed to 
 Rockingham, Susan, the second wife of David Rodes, and 
 afterwards of James Kerr, and I/Ucy. Nelson received from 
 his father two hundred and fifty acres southwest of Still House 
 Mountain, which he sold in 1794 to Thomas Garth Sr. He 
 then bought on Beaverdam of Hardware, where he died in 
 1798. The children by the second marriage were Ann, the wife 
 first of John Slaughter, and secondly of Philip Grafton, Mary, 
 the wife of James Poindexter, Susan, the wife of Jesse Daven- 
 port, Mildred, the wife of James Scott, and Judith, the wife 
 of William Poindexter. John Slaughter was Surveyor of the 
 county, and died in 1797. His children were Mary I/., 
 Waddy T., and Robert I/. Waddy T. married Frances 
 Ballard, and in 1823 was living in New York, where he was 
 Postmaster, and owner of the tanyard, the most lasting 
 monument of the place, which he bought from Nathaniel 
 I^andcraft, and sold to James I/obban. Waddy Thomson 
 died in 1801, and his wife in 1813. All their children appear 
 
330 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 to have removed from the county except Susan and her hus - 
 band. For a time he kept the Swan Tavern. He died in 
 1822, and she in 1847. 
 
 THURMAN. 
 
 The names of Thurman and Thurmond in the early records 
 were interchangeable. John Thurman began to purchase 
 land on Cove Creek in 1761. William on Green Creek in 1774, 
 and Richard and Philip on Buck Mountain Creek and Doyle's 
 River in 1776. Those of the name in the Buck Mountain 
 region, seem to have disposed of their property, and removed 
 from the county about 1790. 
 
 Previous to the latter date Benjamin Thurman was settled 
 on the west side of the South West Mountain, near Ham- 
 mock's Gap, which is now generally called after this family 
 Thurman's Gap. Benjamin married Nancy, daughter of 
 Gideon Carr, and his children were Fendall C, Susan, the 
 wife of John Rothwell, Sarah, the wife of Austin Sandridge, 
 Mary, the wife of John Gentry, Ann, the wife of Micajah W. 
 Carr, Flisha and I^ucy. Fendall married Ann Royster, of 
 Goochland, sold his land to his brother Elisha, and in 1827 
 emigrated to west Tennessee. He was the father of Edward 
 Thurman, Janetta, the wife of David Hancock, and Catharine, 
 the wife of Dr. Charles Hancock. Elisha married Mary 
 Dickerson, and his children were Fendall D. , William, Ann, 
 the wife of James Wheeler, Mary, the wife of John Carr, 
 Thomas I/indsay, Caroline, the wife of William H. Peyton, 
 Benjamin and Theodore. 
 
 TIMBERLAKE. 
 
 John Timberlake was the first clerk of Fluvanna County. 
 He died in 1820, at the age of eighty-nine. His sons, Walker, 
 John and Horace, lived in Albemarle. Walker was a Meth- 
 odist minister, and withal an active man of business. He 
 resided for a time at Glenmore, and subsequently at Bellair, 
 below Carter's Bridge. He died in 1864. His children were 
 Gideon, Clark, John W., William, Ann, the wife of B. C. 
 Flannagan, Elizabeth, the wife of John H. Timberlake, 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 331 
 
 Sarah, the wife of H. H. Gary, Mary, the wife of Abraham 
 Shepherd, and Christiana. Gideon, who lived on the east 
 side of Dudley's Mountain where it abuts on the north fork of 
 Hardware, and Clark married respectively I/Ucy and I^etitia, 
 daughters of Nathan C. Goodman. John was admitted to 
 the Albemarle bar in 1812, and was associated with James 
 and John B. Magruder in the purchase of the Shadwell Mills, 
 and a large tract of timber land in the Buck Island section. 
 He died in 1862. His wife was Sarah, daughter of John B. 
 Magruder, and his children were Wilhelmina, Edward J., 
 Ann, the wife of Dr. John C. Hughes, and Henry. Horace 
 had two sons, John H. and Horace. John H. was appointed 
 a magistrate of the county, lived at Greenwood Depot and 
 Brownsville, built at the former place a large edifice in which 
 Rev. William Dinwiddle conducted a flourishing school be- 
 fore the war, and died in 1881. His wife was his cousin 
 EJlizabeth, daughter of Walker, and his children were Vir- 
 gilia, the wife of Rev. Paul Whitehead, John H., who was 
 killed in 1876 by a fall from his horse, above Mechum's 
 Depot, and James W., who married Sarah Patrick, and lives 
 on the old Patrick place west of Batesville. Horace lived in 
 the Buck Island neighborhood. 
 
 A brother of the first John Timberlake was Lewis, one of 
 whose daughters was the wife of Warner Minor, an original 
 hotel keeper at the University. Another daughter, I^ouisa, 
 while visiting in her sister's family, became the wife of Wil- 
 liam Wertenbaker. 
 
 Another brother of the first John was James, a purser in 
 the United States Navy. He married Peggy O'Neal, daugh- 
 ter of an Irish hotel keeper in Washington City, a woman of 
 great beauty and brilliant natural gifts. After Timberlake's 
 death, she became the wife of John H. Eaton, General Jack- 
 son's Secretary of War, and by her elevation to the cabinet 
 • circle occasioned such violent social disturbances as even- 
 tually produced the disruption of that body. 
 
 TOMPKINS. 
 
 Giles Tompkins. was the first of the name that appeared in 
 the county. He purchased land on Totier Creek in 1765. 
 
332 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 He died in 1795, leaving at least three children, William, Eliz- 
 abeth and Sarah. William lived in the same neighborhood 
 on an estate called Whitehall. He died in 1824. His wife's 
 name was Elizabeth, and his children were John, William, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Peter White, Catharine, the wife of 
 James Minor, Samuel W. , Ann, the wife of Thomas Staples^ 
 Edmund, Robert and James. Samuel was a physician, and 
 practised in the vicinity of Earlysville, and afterwards near 
 Scottsville. He married Sarah, daughter of George Gilmer, 
 and his children were Elizabeth, the wife of J. Schuyler Moon,. 
 Jane, George, Junius, Samuel, Martha, Charles, lyUcy and 
 Catharine. James married Sarah , daughter of Dabney Minor, 
 and his children were William D., James E-, and Eliza, the 
 wife of John ly. Coleman. William D. and James E- were for 
 many years well known commission merchants in Richmond. 
 James E. married Frances, daughter of JohnH. Coleman. 
 
 TOOLEY. 
 
 In 1741 James Tooley obtained a patent for four hundred 
 acres on Totier Creek, and two years later John took out one 
 for two hundred and fifty in the same vicinity. They were 
 most probably brothers. John died in 1750, and James ia 
 1781. The name of James's wife was Judith, ana his chil- 
 dren were John, James, Sarah, the wife of Edmund New, 
 Ann, the wife of John Martin, Charles, William, Arthur, 
 Elizabeth, Mary, the wife of John Gilliam, and Judith, the 
 wife of Archelaus Gilliam. William died about 1830. His 
 children were Mary, William, John, Charles, Nancy, Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of James Gentry, and Arthur. In 1815 John, 
 the son of William, married Mary Gilmore, and his children 
 were James and Joshua. The most of this family seem to 
 have removed to Monroe County, Kentucky. Totier was 
 sometimes called Tooley's Creek, and it is so designated on 
 some of the maps of Virginia. At the beginning of the cen- 
 tury, an eminence on the old Irish Road, where it was 
 intersected by a road from Cocke's Mill, went by the name 
 of Tooley's Hill. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE 333 
 
 TURNER. 
 
 Terisha Turner was granted one hundred and thirty-six 
 acres on the south branches of Hardware in 1760, and this 
 tract he and his wife Sarah sold to Peter Cheatham in 1777. 
 At that time he was described as a citizen of Amherst. He 
 was also the owner of several hundred acres on Green Creek, 
 which in 1790 he sold for the most part to Benjamin Harris. 
 
 In 1788 Charles Turner bought from Solomon Ballou nearly 
 two hundred acres lying to the northwest of Ivy Depot. He 
 died in 1789. His wife's name was Mary Ann, and his 
 children were Robert, George, Reuben, William, Matthew, 
 Keziah, Mary and Judith. George in 1791 married Ann, 
 daughter of Gabriel and Ann Maupin. A number of the 
 ■children in 1815 sold their land to Charles Harper, and re- 
 moved to Pendleton County, Kentucky. The small moun- 
 tain at the foot of which their land lay is still known as 
 Turner's Mountain. 
 
 James Turner, described as belonging to Amherst, was a 
 ■considerable land owner on the lower Hardware. His wife 
 was Rebecca, daughter of William Hamner. He sold his 
 property in the county before the end of the last century, 
 part to Samuel Dyer, and much the larger part to Pleasant 
 Dawson. 
 
 TWYMAN. 
 
 George and William Twyman, in all likelihood brothers, 
 were citizens of Culpeper. George began to purchase land 
 in Albemarle on the Buck Mountain Road near EJarlysville 
 in 1765. In 1791 and 1804 he divided nearly six hundred 
 acres between his sons, George and Joseph. He died in 
 1822, at the age of eighty-nine. His wife's name was Mary, 
 and his children were George, Joseph, Samuel, Sarah, the 
 wife of a Sanford, William, Abraham, Elizabeth, the wife of 
 William J. Wood, Agatha, the wife of Robert Dearing, Ruth, 
 the wife of David Watts, and James. A number of this family 
 removed to Kentucky, and as none of them bearing the name 
 now reside in the county, it is probable they all emigrated to 
 the West. 
 
 William in 1770 bought more than five hundred acres on 
 
334 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 the head waters of Mechum's, which he sold in 1778 to Wil- 
 liam Wood and Francis Weathered. In 1771 he purchased 
 from Jacob Snead three hundred acres on Ivy Creek, at the 
 crossing of the Whitehall Road. This place he sold two 
 years after to George Wayt. From the fact that the eldest 
 son of Wayt was named Twyman, his wife was no doubt a 
 daughter of William. William Twyman, whose wife's name 
 was Winifred, appears never to have lived in Albemarle. 
 
 WADDELL. 
 
 Rev. James Waddell, the blind preacher, resided on the 
 borders of Albemarle and I,ouisa, the latter part of his life. 
 His first home in Virginia was in Lancaster County, where 
 he married Mary, daughter of James Gordon. To avoid the 
 troubles incident to the exposed state of that part of the coun- 
 try during the Revolution, he removed to Augusta County > 
 where he took charge of the Tinkling Spring Church, and 
 where he purchased from James P. Cocke, Springhill, the old 
 Patton place. When the war ended, he fixed his residence 
 on his place called Hopewell, about a mile southwest of Gor- 
 donsville. There he died in 1805, and there his remains lay 
 till 1871, when by the permission of friends they were trans- 
 ferred to the yard of the Presbyterian Church at Rapidan, 
 which was called by his name. His children were Nathaniel, 
 James G., Elizabeth, the wife of Rev. William Calhoun, 
 Janetta, the wife of Dr. Archibald Alexander, Ann, Dr. Addi- 
 son, Sarah and lyittleton. James G. became a member of 
 the Albemarle bar in 1800, but for the most of his life pursue d 
 the calling of a teacher. He married first Mary T., daughter 
 of Reuben I^indsay, and secondly his cousin I/Ucy, daughter 
 of John Gordon. His home was at Springhill, on the west 
 side of the Gordonsville Road opposite the residence of his 
 father. In 1823 he sold his place to William T. Davis, and 
 removed to Waynesboro. The most of the family became 
 residents of the Valley. 
 
 WALKER. 
 
 Thomas Walker was born in King and Queen in 1715, 
 was a student of William and Mary, and about 1741 married 
 
HISTORY OF AI.BKMARLE 335 
 
 Mildred, the widow of Nicholas Meriwether. Through her 
 he came into the possession of Castle Hill. By profession 
 he was a physician, but possessed too bold and energetic a 
 nature to be contented with the ordinary routine of a country 
 doctor. In his younger years he occupied with signal 
 efficiency a number of public positions. It is believed that 
 notwithstanding the claims in behalf of Finley and Daniel 
 Boone, he led the first expedition that ever traversed the 
 mountains, and stood upon the famous hunting grounds of 
 Kentucky. In 1748, and again in 1750, he visited Southwest 
 Virginia and Kentucky, and to this day has left his memo- 
 rial in the former region, in the names of Walker's Mountain 
 and Walker's Creek on the confines of Giles and Pulaski 
 Counties, and in the latter, in the name of Cumberland 
 which he gave to the mountains, gap and river so called, 
 in commemoration of the Duke of Cumberland, who had 
 recently crushed the rebellion of 1745 on the field of CuUo- 
 den. He was Commissary of the Virginia troops under 
 Braddock, and was at that general's defeat in 1755. More 
 than once he was appointed to treat with the Indians in 
 New York and Pennsylvania, and in 1778 was one of the 
 Commission selected to fix the boundary between Virginia 
 and North Carolina. Without any change of residence, he 
 successively represented the counties of Hanover, I^ouisa 
 and Albemarle in the House of Burgesses, and in 1763 was 
 the trustee of Albemarle to sell and convey the lots and out- 
 lots of Charlottesville, the new county seat. He died in 
 1794. His children were Mary, the wife of Nicholas Lewis, 
 John, Susan, the wife of Henry Fry, Thomas, Lucy, the wife 
 of Dr. George Gilmer, Elizabeth, the wife of Rev. Matthew 
 Maury, Mildred, the wife of Joseph Hornsby, who removed 
 to Shelby County, Kentucky, Sarah, the wife of Reuben 
 Lindsay, Martha, the wife of George Divers, Reuben, Fran- 
 cis, and Peachy, the wife of Joshua Fry. 
 
 John lived at Belvoir, the old home of Robert Lewis, was 
 aide to Washington in the Revolution , member of the House of 
 Burgesses, United States Senator to fill the vacancy occasioned 
 by the death of William Grayson, for many years Common- 
 
336 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 wealth's Attorney for the county, and died in 1809. He mar- 
 ried Elizabeth, daughter of Bernard Moore, and granddaughter 
 of Governor Spotswood, and his only child Mildred became 
 the wife of Francis Kinloch, of South Carolina. 
 
 Thomas was a Captain in the Ninth Virginia Regiment of 
 the Revolutionary army, and died in 1798. His home was on 
 the plantation of Indian Fields. His wife was Margaret 
 Hoops, and his children M. I^., Flizabetb, the wife of Robert 
 Michie, Maria, the wife of Richard Duke, Jane, the wife of 
 William Rice, of Halifax, Mildred, the wife of Tarleton 
 Goolsby, John, Thomas and Martha. 
 
 Francis succeeded his father at Castle Hill, was a magis- 
 trate of the county. Colonel of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment, 
 member of the House of Delegates, and Representative in 
 Congress, and died in 1806. He married Jane Byrd, daugh- 
 ter of General Hugh Nelson, and granddaughter of President 
 William Nelson, and his children were Jane Frances, the 
 wife of Dr. Mann Page, and Judith, the wife of William C. 
 Rives. 
 
 WALLACE. 
 
 Three brothers named Wallace came to Virginia with 
 Michael Woods as his sons-in-law about 1734, Peter, Andrew 
 and William. Peter married Martha Woods, and settled in 
 Rockbridge County. He was the father of Adam and Andrew 
 Wallace, who displayed great gallantry in the battle of 
 Guilford C. H., the latter yielding up his life on that field. 
 The other brothers remained iu Albemarle. Andrew Wal- 
 lace married Margaret Woods. His home was near Ivy 
 Depot, on part of the Charles Hudson entry, where Charles 
 Harper afterwards resided. He died in 1785. His children 
 were Michael, Samuel, Elizabeth, the wife of William Bris- 
 coe, Mary, the wife of Alexander Henderson, Hannah, 
 Susan, the wife of Thomas Collins, Margaret, the wife 
 of William Ramsay, and Jean, the wife of a Wilson. All 
 these families except the Ramsays emigrated to the West, 
 some probably to western Virginia, but most of them to Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 William Wallace married Hannah Woods. His home was 
 
HISTORY OF Albemarle; 337 
 
 on land at the foot of the Blue Ridge near Greenwood Depot, 
 which he bought from Andrew Woods, and on which some 
 of his descendants still reside. His children were Michael, 
 John, Jean, the wife of Robert Poage, William, Sarah, 
 Hannah and Josiah. Michael lived on lyickinghole, was 
 Captain of a military company during the Revolution, and a 
 ruling elder in Mountain Plains Church, with his wife Ann 
 sold his place to George Conner in 1786, and emigrated to 
 Kentucky. John lived near Greenwood, with his wife Mary 
 sold out to his brother William, and in 1780 removed to 
 Washington County, Virginia. Josiah lived at Mechum's 
 Depot, with his wife Hannah sold his plantation to Edward 
 Broadus in 1796, and removed to Kentucky. 
 
 William continued in Albemarle, and resided at the old 
 home near Greenwood. He died in 1809. His wife was 
 Mary Pilson, and his children William, Richard, Hannah, 
 the wife of John lyobban, Samuel, Mary, Michael, Elizabeth 
 and John. William was associated with John Pilson in the 
 mercantile business, but died young and unmarried in 1812. 
 His business was continued by his brother Richard, who died 
 unmarried in 1832. Michael lived at the old homestead, 
 married I^avinia I^obban, was a ruling elder in Mountain 
 Plains Church, and died in 1845. His children were Samuel, 
 who emigrated to Texas, Mary, William, Martha, the wife 
 of Peter I,e Neve, Michael W. , L,avinia, the wife of Dr. A. 
 Hamilton Rogers, J. Hervey, Sarah, the wife of Thomas 1,. 
 Courtney, John R. and Charles. John married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Joel Smith, and lived in Nelson. His children 
 were Jesse, Samuel, William W., Mary, the wife of William 
 Smith, and John Pilson. 
 
 WATSON. 
 
 William Watson came from Charles City County, and 
 resided on land east of North Garden Depot, which in 1762 
 he purchased from John Leake and William and Joseph 
 Fitzpatrick. He died in 1784. His children were John P., 
 Richard P., Joseph and Nancy, the wife of Thomas Cobbs. 
 John P. died in 1812, and his widow Martha, to whom he 
 
 —22 
 
338 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 devised his estate, became the wife of John Brown in 1816. 
 Richard also died in 1812. His wife was Ann Anderson, 
 and his children William, lyucinda and Ann, the wives 
 respectively of Wilson Gregory and Francis Staples, both of 
 Henrico. Richard's widow was subsequently married to 
 Dr. C. I^ewis Carr. The lands of this family have passed 
 into other hands, though their name is still remembered in 
 the neighborhood. 
 
 Another William Watson married Susan, daughter of 
 David Watts, and in 1767 received from his father-in-law a 
 portion of his estate on the west side of the South West 
 Mountain, not far from Stony Point. His children were 
 John, Matthew, Elizabeth, Sarah, Lucy, the wife of Thomas 
 Johnson, Mildred, Ann and Mary. John succeeded to his 
 father's place. In 1804 he bought from Thomas Wells 
 nearly five hundred acres of the Carter land south of Char- 
 lottesville, part of which was sold in 1818 by Matthew and 
 his wife Lucy to William Dunkum, and part in 1836 by John 
 and his wife Mary to Samuel Mitchell, of North Carolina. 
 There being for many years simultaneously three John Wat- 
 sons in the county, this John was described as of the Little 
 Mountain. 
 
 William Watson, son of Little Mountain John, had for a 
 long period charge of the county jail. He was a saddler by 
 trade, and in the early years of the century was associated in 
 business with Edward Stone, who removed to Davidson 
 County, Tennessee. They owned the north end of the lot on 
 the west side of the Square. In 1819 Watson bought from Ed- 
 mund Anderson the lot on the west side of Park Street, where 
 he built the brick house which was long the residence of the 
 late Thomas Wood. He was Jailor from 1811 to 1828, and 
 again from 1832 to 1841, when during the imprisonment of 
 Joseph E. Semmes, he was succeeded by his son, James A. 
 Watson. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Barks- 
 dale, and his children were James Albert, who married Mary, 
 daughter of Anderson Brown, and Mildred, the wife of a 
 Jones. He died in 1853, and his son James A. in 1857. 
 
 In 1779 John Watson purchased land in the northwestern 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 339 
 
 part of the county on Rocky Creek. He was succeeded by 
 his son John, who was distinguished as John Watson, of 
 High Top. The latter died in 1833. 
 
 About 1790 John Watson, known as of Milton, came to 
 the county from Amherst. He was the son of James Wat - 
 son, formerly of James City County. He settled in Milton, 
 and was closely identified with its interests from its founda - 
 tion. He was appointed a magistrate in 1800, and served as 
 Sheriff in 1825. In 1813 he purchased from Brown, Rives 
 & Co. Forest Hill, a plantation on the south side of the 
 Rivanna below Milton, containing upwards of a thousand 
 acres. He made this his residence until his death in 1841. 
 His wife was Jane, daughter of Richard Price, and his chil- 
 dren Sliza, the wife of Ira Garrett, James Richard, John W.. 
 C, Isabella, the wife of Charles B. Shaw, Matthew P., 
 Egbert R., and Ellen, the wife of John C. Sinton. J. Richard 
 married Ann, daughter of James Clark, was a merchant in 
 Charlottesville, and a hotel keeper at the University, and 
 died at Forest Hill in 1867. John W. C. was admitted to 
 the Albemarle bar in 1830, married Catharine, sister of pro- 
 fessor John A. G. Davis, and removed to Holly Springs, 
 Miss. He represented that State in the Confederate Sen- 
 ate during the war. Matthew P. married FHza, daugh- 
 ter of Opie Norris, and removed to Southwest Virginia. 
 Egbert spent his life in Charlottesville, as one of the leading 
 lawyers at its bar, and Judge of the Circuit Court at the close 
 of the war. He was thrice married, first to Mary, daughter 
 of Opie Norris, secondly to Jane Creigh, of Greenbrier, and 
 thirdly to Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac White. He died in 
 1887. Dr. Daniel E. Watson, a kinsman of this family, 
 came to the county from Amherst, and in 1837 bought from 
 Francis B. Hart the plantation in the Rich Cove, on which 
 he resided till his death in 1882. He was appointed a mag- 
 istrate , in 1838. He married Mary, daughter of Henry T. 
 Harris. 
 
 Joseph Watson, an immigrant from Ireland, in 1832 
 bought from Andrew I^eitch, agent of the Dinsmore estate, 
 Orange Dale, where he lived until his death several years 
 
340 HISTORY OF AtBEMARLE 
 
 ago. His wife was Ellen lyeitch, a sister of Samuel 
 I<eitch Jr. 
 
 WATTS. 
 
 Jacob Watts became the owner of more than eleven hun- 
 dred acres on the north fork of the Rivanna, near Piney 
 Mountain. He was one of the early Methodist ministers of 
 the county. He died in 1821, at the age of ninety years. 
 His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of the first Richard Durrett, 
 and his children William, John, Elijah, Fielding, Mildred, 
 the wife of a Bruce, Mary, the wife of Hezekiah Rodes, Fran- 
 ces, the wife of Joseph Edmondson, Nancy, the wife of Henry 
 Austin, and Agnes, the wife of John Huckstep. The chil- 
 dren of Elijah were Sarah, the wife of Kenza Stone, who 
 removed to Bourbon County, Kentucky, Mildred, the wife of 
 James Dickerson, Elizabeth, the wife of John O. Padgett, 
 Nancy, the wife of Wiley Dickerson, and Frances, the wife 
 of James Malone. 
 
 David Watts, possibly a brother of Jacob, lived on the west 
 side of the South West Mountain, south of Stony Point. He 
 died in 1767. His children were John, David, Nathan, and 
 Susan, the wife of William Watson. David lived in the same 
 neighborhood, and died in 1817 . His wife's name was Sarah, 
 and his children were Charles, who married Elizabeth Buck- 
 ner, John, Philip, David, who married Ruth, daughter of 
 George Twyman, Susan, the wife of Carver Thomas, Mary, 
 the wife of William Breedlove, Mildred, the wife of Richard 
 Breedlove, Frances and Nancy. Philip married a daughter 
 of John Brown, and lived west of Mechum's Depot. His 
 daughter America was the wife of Madison Kinsolving. 
 
 WAYT. 
 
 George Wayt in 1773 purchased from William Twyman 
 the plantation on Ivy Creek, on the north side of the White- 
 hall Road, which long continued in the possession of the 
 family. It is believed his wife Catharine was the daughter 
 of Twyman. It is said that after his death, she became the 
 wife of Elijah Garth. His children were Twyman, Tabitha, 
 the wife of a Kennerly, of Augusta, Catharine, the wife of 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARI,B 341 
 
 'aschal Garth, who removed to Todd County, Kentucky, 
 ''ranees, Sarah, Judith and Elizabeth. Twyman was for 
 lany years associated in business with his brother-in-law, 
 ohn Winn, under the firm of Wayt & Winn. He was also 
 £x. Winn's successor as Postmaster of the town. His home 
 yas on the northeast corner of Jefferson and Second Streets, 
 he square on which it stood having been bought by him in 
 815 from the executors of Jacob Kinney. He married Mary 
 Johnson, of Fluvanna, and his children were Charles, John, 
 Tames M., Mary, the wife of Dr. J. W. Poindexter, and Twy- 
 nonia, the wife of Peter A. Woods. He died in 1861. 
 
 WERTENBAKER. 
 
 Christian Wertenbaker was of German extraction. His 
 irst home was in Columbia, Fluvanna County, but he re- 
 noved to Milton, when that town was established. Subse- 
 luently he became a citizen of Charlottesville, and in 1814 
 mrchased from his brother-in-law, Joshua Grady, the farm 
 )n the old Barracks Road, east of Ivy Creek, where he spent 
 he remainder of his days. He died in 1833. He married 
 ^ary, daughter of Joshua Grady, and his children were Wil- 
 iam, Edward, Thomas Jefferson, Elizabeth, the wife of John 
 iValker, who removed to Pickaway County, Ohio, Susan, the 
 vife of Patrick Martin, and Sarah Ann, the wife of David 
 v'andegrift. 
 
 William in his youth acted as deputy Clerk and deputy 
 sheriff of the county, and was admitted to the bar in 1824. 
 soon after he was chosen I^ibrarian of the University, 
 ind continued to be connected with the affairs of that insti- 
 ution until his death in 1882. He possessed a marvellously 
 iccurate recollection of all the students who had during his 
 ime frequented its halls, and no figure associated with its 
 scenes dwelt more familiarly in their memory than his. He 
 •etained much of the manners of the old school, and the 
 )ffer of his snuffbox was one of the acts of his stately cour- 
 :esy to the last. For many years he was a ruling elder in the 
 Presbyterian Church of Charlottesville, His wife was Ivouisa , 
 laughter of I<ewis Timberlake, of Caroline. 
 
342 HISTORY OF AtBEMARLE 
 
 WHEELER. 
 
 Benjamin Wheeler was one of the early patentees of land 
 within the present limits of Albemarle. In 1734 he obtained 
 the grant of six hundred acres on Mechunk, and in 1740 two 
 hundred on Moore's Creek. He conveyed three hundred 
 acres of his Mechunk land to Giles AUegre in 1748, and the 
 remainder in 1768 to his grandson Benjamin Burgher. In 
 1764 he conveyed his land on Moore's Creek to his son-in- 
 law, Micajah Spradling. His children were Benjamin, Mica- 
 jah, and the wives of Micajah Spradling and Manus Burgher. 
 Micajah married Susan, daughter of John Woodson, and died 
 about 1832. His children were John, Robert, who married 
 
 Frances, daughter of Callum Bailey, the wife of John 
 
 Woodson, and Mary, the wife of Tucker Page. 
 
 Benjamin Dod Wheeler was contemporaneous with the first 
 Benjamin; whether he was the son of that name, is not 
 known. He became the owner of more than eight hundred 
 acres on the upper waters of Moore's Creek, the greater por- 
 tion of which he and his wife Ann sold to George Nicholas 
 in 1788. He appears then to have removed from the county. 
 A daughter Elizabeth became the wife of John Old Jr., in 
 1785. 
 
 Micajah Wheeler, probably a brother of the first Benjamin, 
 also bought land on Moore's Creek. He died in 1809. His 
 wife's name was Sarah, and his children were Joshua, John, 
 Micajah, Benjamin, Joel, Elizabeth, Sarah, the wife of Oba- 
 diah Britt, and Ann, the wife of Hezekiah Collins. John in 
 1814 purchased from Stephen Hughes the mill now known as 
 Maury's, which he and his wife Ann sold in 1820 to John M. 
 Perry and Reuben Maury. Micajah married Mary Emerson, 
 bought in 1800 a parcel of land on Mechum's, west of Bates- 
 ville, which in 1815 he sold to Ralph Field, and died in 1836. 
 Benjamin also died in 1836. His children were Sarah, Susan, 
 the wife of a Holson, Mary, the wife of Overton Ivowry, Mil- 
 dred, the wife of.a Wood, and'a sou, who was the father of Ben- 
 nett and Joel. Joshua died in 1838. His wife's name was 
 Mary, and his children were John D., who died in 1844, Mica- 
 jah, who married Julia, daughter of Benjamin Martin, and 
 
H ISTORY OF AI.BBMARLE 343 
 
 died in 1841, Joshua N., who married Rebecca Pollock, and 
 died in 1858, Sarah, the wife of John Bailey, Kliza, the wife 
 of Goodrich Garland, Matilda, the wife of James Garland, 
 Elizabeth, the wife of John Martin, and James. 
 
 WHITE. 
 
 John White, a native of Scotland, bought land from the 
 Brockmans and Dowells on the west side of the South West 
 Mountain, beginning his purchases in 1772. He married 
 Mourning, daughter of Henry Shelton, and died without 
 children in 1807. By his will he emancipated forty-seven 
 negroes, and made provision for their removal to a free State, 
 John Walker and Chiles Terrell being appointed his execu- 
 tors. Jeremiah, doubtless a brother, married Jane Shelton, 
 a sister of his wife. 
 
 Conyers White came to the county from Orange in 1776, 
 and purchased more than fifteen hundred acres on Buck Moun- 
 tain Creek. He was succeeded by his son Crenshaw, who 
 married Sarah Austin, sold his property about 1825, and emi- 
 grated to Missouri. 
 
 In 1779 Daniel White bought from William Wood the plan- 
 tation on which he was living at the time, lying southwest of 
 Batesville. This place he subsequently sold to Benjamin 
 Ficklin. In 1812 he purchased from the trustee of Menan 
 Mills the farm at the bend of Mechum's River on Broadaxe, 
 which has been in the possession of the family ever since. 
 He died in 1818. His wife's name was Elizabeth, and his 
 children were Mary, the wife of Thomas Martin, Elizabeth, 
 the wife of John Jones, Margaret, the wife of Thomas Jack- 
 son, Nancy, the wife of Overton Garland, John, Henry, Wil- 
 liam, who died in New Orleans in 1817, Rhoda, the wife of 
 Joseph Grayson, and Felicia. Henry succeeded his father 
 at the home place. He was appointed a magistrate in 1830, 
 and died in 1850. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Rice 
 Garland, and his children were Samuel G., and Elizabeth, 
 the wife of Edward C. Hamner. 
 
 Near the close of the last century Garrett White came to 
 the county from Madison, and established his home in the 
 
344 HISTORY OF ALBEMARIvE 
 
 North Garden, southwest of the Cross Roads. By his sagac- 
 ity and industry he acquired a large estate, becoming the 
 owner of more than two thousand acres in the North and 
 South Gardens. He was appointed a magistrate in 1806, and 
 served as Sheriff in 1830. He died in 1843. He married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John Piper, and his children were 
 John, Jeremiah, who died young and unmarried, and Sarah, 
 the wife of Samuel W. Martin. John displayed the energy 
 and thrift of his father. He died in 1866. His wife was 
 Caroline, daughter of Stephen Moore, and his children were 
 Garrett, John S., Jeremiah, Frances, the wife of Alfred 
 Carpenter, Mary, the wife of Nicholas M. Page, and Sarah> 
 the wife of Samuel G. White. 
 
 WlI<KINSON. 
 
 J.ohn Wilkinson deserves mention as one who early sought 
 to develop the natural resources of the county. He came, 
 it is likely, from Baltimore in 1768, and at first with Nathan- 
 iel Giles and John I,ee Webster, and afterwards with John 
 Old, made several purchases of land supposed to contain 
 iron ore. In pursuance of the same end, he took out patents 
 in 1770 for large tracts of land in the Ragged Mountains, 
 and along the Hardware River. Ore was mined on Cook's 
 Mountain, on Appleberry Mountain near the Cove, and on 
 the north fork of Hardware, and furnaces were built on both 
 the north and south forks of that stream. The business was 
 not attended with success. lyitigation arose, and the lands 
 of Wilkinson having been mortgaged to carry on the enter- 
 prise, were sold by order of Court in 1796. Nothing is known 
 of his subsequent life. He seems however to have lived in 
 the southern part of the county, and died in 1813. 
 
 WINGFIELD. 
 
 The first appearance of the Wingfield name in Albemarle 
 occurred in 1762. At that time Mary, the wife of John 
 Wingfield, and daughter of Charles Hudson, conveyed to her 
 son Charles a part of five hundred acres named Prospect, on 
 which he was then living, and which she had received from 
 
HISTORY OF AI^BEMARLE 345 
 
 her father. This place was manifestly situated in the Bis- 
 cuit Run Valley, near the north fork of Hardware, a locality 
 for a long period largely occupied by the Wingfield family. 
 In 1772 Charles bought from David Glenn upwards of three 
 hundred acres on the head waters of Mechum's, which in 
 1783 he sold to John Piper. He died in 1803. His wife's 
 name was Rachel, and his children were John, Charles, 
 William, Christopher, Joseph, Francis, Mary, the wife of 
 John Hamner, Ann, the wife of John Harrison, Sarah, the 
 wife of a Martin, Jemima, the wife of Samuel Barksdale, and 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Henley Hamner. 
 
 John died in 1814. His wife's name was Robina, and his 
 children were John, Robert, Matthew, Rebecca, the wife of a 
 Gilham, Mary and Martha. John married Ann, daughter of 
 John Buster, lived west of Batesville, and died in 1859. His 
 children were Richard, Edward, Robert, John, and Mildred, 
 the wife of a Herndon. Robert, his brother, died in 1825, and 
 his children were Thomas F., Mary Ann, and John M. 
 Matthew married Martha, another daughter of John Buster, 
 and his children were Ann and Martha. 
 
 Charles, long known as Charles Wingfield Jr., was ap- 
 pointed a magistrate in 1794, and served as Sheriff in 1819, 
 but died in one month after entering upon the ofSce. His 
 home was at Bellair, on the Hardware. In 1783 he married 
 Mary, daughter of Charles I^ewis Jr. ,of Buck Island, and 
 widow of Colonel Charles Lewis, of North Garden, but had 
 no children. In his will he mentions generally the relations 
 of his wife, as well as his own. There is a tradition in the 
 family that he was an Episcopal minister, but no other evi- 
 dence of the fact can be found. 
 
 Christopher lived on the Plum Orchard branch of Biscuit 
 Run. He died in 1821. His wife's name was Elizabeth, and 
 his children were John H., lyUcy, the wife of Allen Dawson, 
 Ann Eliza, the wife of James Rosson, Charles, who married 
 Margaret Rosson, and after whose death the widow became 
 the wife of William Summerson, whom many remember as 
 the aged page of the County Court, and William. John H. 
 and William removed to Nelson County. 
 
346 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 
 
 Francis lived in the Biscuit Run valley, at the foot of Car- 
 ter's Mountain. His children were Mary, the wife of Robert 
 Gentry, Thomas, Francis, Charles M., Ann, the wife of 
 I^ittleton Chick, and John. John removed to Hanover. 
 His children were Alonzo, Chastain, Henrietta, Agnes, Eliza- 
 beth and Charles. 
 
 Other members of the family who came to the county be- 
 sides Charles, were Edward and Reuben. Edward died in 
 1806. His wife was Nancy Hazelrig, and his children Joseph 
 F., John, Mary, the wife of lyarkin Hudson, Amanda, the 
 wife of Rice Bailey, Sarah, the wife of William Stewardson, 
 Edward W. G. , Robina, the wife of James Martin, and 
 Matthew. The children of Reuben, who died in 1842, were 
 Sarah, Mary R., IvUcetta, John O., Anderson and Edward. 
 
 Charles Wingfield, no doubt of the same stem, but of a 
 different branch, came to the county from Hanover in the 
 early part of the century, married Cary Ann, daughter of 
 Lewis Nicholas, became a Baptist minister, and died in 1864. 
 His children were Frances, the wife of Waddy Roberts, 
 Mary, the wife of John A. Mosby, Sarah, the wife of John 
 Morris, Maria, the wife of Robert Thornton, Julia, the 
 wife of John P. Roberts, Edmonia, John, George and 
 Dr. Charles L. 
 
 WINN. 
 
 John Winn came from Fluvanna, and settled in Charlottes- 
 ville in the early part of the century. As the partner of 
 Twyman Wayt, he was for a long time one of the principal 
 merchants of the town, and its Postmaster. He also dealt 
 considerably in real estate. In 1813 he purchased from John 
 Carr his seat of Belmont, where he resided until his death 
 in 1835. His wife was Miss Johnson, a sister of Mrs. Wayt, 
 and of Michael Johnson, who married Sophia, daughter of 
 Jesse I^ewis, and whose home was about a mile south of 
 Jesse ly. Maury's residence. His children were Benjamin, 
 John J., William, Thomas, Elizabeth, the wife of George R. 
 King, of l/ouisiana, Mary, the wife of John A. Gretter, Mar- 
 tha, the wife of David Gretter — these gentlemen were brothers 
 from North Carolina — and Sarah, the wife of John Y. Bar- 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 34 
 
 rett, who was a partner of George M. Mclntire in the dru 
 business, and eventually removed to Amherst. Benjami 
 married Mary J., daughter of Ira Garrett, and removed t 
 Amherst, near Pedlar Mills. John J. married Alice, daughte 
 of Rice W. Wood, and lived the latter part of his life in Hilli 
 boro, where he died in 1885. 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 Henry Wood, the first Clerk of Goochland, was one of tl 
 earliest patentees of land within the present limits of Albe 
 marie. In 1734 and 1739 he was granted twenty-six hundre 
 and fifty acres on Buck Island, part at its mouth, and pa 
 where the late Christopher Gilmer lived, called the Uppe 
 Plantation. His son Valentine became a resident of the count] 
 and was appointed one of its magistrates in 1746. When h 
 father died in 1757, he returned to Goochland, and succeede 
 him in the Clerk's office. After his death his family again fixe 
 their residence in Albemarle. His wife was Lucy Henry, 
 sister of the great orator, and his children Henry, Martha, tl 
 wife of Stephen Southall, Mary, the wife of Judge Peter Johi 
 ston, and mother of General Joseph E. Johnston, lyUcy, tl 
 second wife of Edward Carter, John H. , William and Jan( 
 Their land in Albemarle was sold, the largest portion, nearl 
 twelve hundred acres, to John R. Campbell in 1815, whe 
 the family transferred their residence to Fluvanna. Mri 
 l/ucy Wood died there about 1826. John H. was the onl 
 son who married. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter < 
 Charles Spencer. A son, Valentine, died in infancy in 182; 
 and a daughter, Mary, survived him, Richard Duke bein 
 appointed her guardian in 1827. 
 
 Josiah Wood in 1741 patented four hundred acres on Buc 
 Mountain Creek. In 1769 he bought land on the west sid 
 of the South West Mountain, which in 1787 he and his wil 
 Marj' sold to Claiborne Rothwell. He also purchased 
 tract of more than fifteen hundred acres which lay at tt 
 junction of the Buck Mountain and Hydraulic Mills Roads 
 which had been apparently entered by Major John Henrj 
 father of the orator, and which in later times came into th 
 
348 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLIJ; 
 
 possession of Nelson Barksdale and George Crank. This 
 land in 1792 he divided between his sons David and John. 
 John in 1801 was succeeded by Horsley Goodman as Major 
 of the Second Battalion of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment, sold 
 his land to John Clarkson, and probably removed from the 
 county. David in 1781 married Mildred, daughter of Colonel 
 Nicholas Ivewis, of the Farm. His home was on Buck 
 Mountain Creek, not far from Webb's Mountain. He was 
 appointed a magistrate in 1801, and died in 1816. His 
 children were Thomas W., Nicholas t,., Robert W., William 
 E., John W. , David, Maria, the wife of James Clarkson^ 
 who removed to Kanawha, and Margaret, the wife of Dr. 
 James B. Rogers. Thomas lived adjacent to his father's place, 
 was appointed Colonel of the Eighty-Eighth Regiment in 1814, 
 and a magistrate in 1816, and died in 1831. His wife was Su- 
 san, daughter of Joseph H. Irvin, who after his death was mar- 
 ried to John Fray. His children were Dr. Alfred, Mildred, the 
 wife of Jeremiah A. Early, and Mary Ann. Nicholas lived 
 
 near his brother, married Nancy ■, and removed to- 
 
 Tipton County, Tennessee. Robert married Mary Ann Mil- 
 ler, lived south of Ivy Depot, and afterwards on the north 
 side of Moorman's River, and died in 1839. William mar- 
 ried Pamela, daughter of John Dickerson, and emigrated to 
 Missouri. John married Amelia Harris, and removed ta 
 Richmond. David died young. 
 
 The name of Wood in the vicinity of Batesville was rep- 
 resented by a number of different families, and it is some- 
 what difficult to trace their respective lines. William Wood 
 first appears, who about 1760 bought land from John Eeake 
 and others on the head waters of Mechum's. He seems to 
 have had five sons, John, William, Isaac, Abner and Jesse. 
 In 1801 he purchased from the trustees of Edward Broadus 
 the old Josiah Wallace place, which included Mechum's 
 Depot. He died in 1808. His son John in 1813 sold the 
 Wallace place to George Price, of Orange, who two years 
 later sold it to James Kinsolving. The name of John's wife 
 was Elizabeth, and she was probably the daughter of Jere- 
 miah Yancey. William dealt quite actively in real estate. 
 
HISTORY OP ALBEMARLB 349 
 
 '.t was he who in 1779 sold to Daniel White the plantation 
 lear Mount Ed Church, on which the latter resided for more 
 ban thirty years. He was much concerned in military 
 natters, was for many years Captain of his neighborhood 
 :ompany of militia, and was appointed Major of the Second 
 Battalion of the Forty-Seventh Regiment. He died in 1820. 
 Se was probably twice married, first to Martha, daughter of 
 
 3avid Glenn, and secondly to Elizabeth . His chil- 
 
 iren were Riqe, Jesse, Elizabeth, the wife of John Brown, 
 David, Nancy, the wife of Joseph Watson, William, Milton, 
 Tohn and Clifton. Rice, whose wife's name was Elizabeth, 
 laughter of David Burgher, and perhaps others of this family 
 ;migrated to Missouri. Isaac seems to have lived in the 
 ork of Mechum's, east of Yellow Mountain. He married 
 5usan, daughter of Captain William Grayson. His son John 
 was the owner of eleven hundred acres near Batesville. John 
 n 1788 married Mary, daughter of Reuben Terrell, and died 
 n 1843. His children were Mildred, the wife of Henry Pem- 
 jerton, Sarah, the wife of Hudson Barksdale, Elmira, the 
 mie of William G. Barksdale, Mary, the wife of I^ewis Poates, 
 LyUcy, the wife of Elijah Brown, Reuben, Isaac, John T., 
 lames M., Susan, Jerome B., Richard and William I^. Ab- 
 aer and his wife Mary sold their property in 1795, and appar- 
 ently removed from the county. Jesse married Mildred, the 
 widow of Reuben Terrell, and died in 1824. His children 
 were William, Mildred, the wife of Ralph Field, Sarah, the 
 ivife of John Field, Elmira, the wife of Joseph Field, and 
 ifterwards of John Robinson, Jesse and Richard. William 
 married Nancy, daughter of Robert Field, and died in 1833. 
 His children were Nancy, the wife of John Dollins, William, 
 Mary, Elizabeth, the wife of a Stone and Edward. Jesse 
 Jr. died in 1829. His children were Thomas G., Mildred, 
 Jane, and Richard Walker. His wife, whose name was Lucy 
 Wood, was subsequently married to Hudson Oaks. 
 
 A John Wood, who lived in the same section, and died 
 about 1792, married Eleanor, daughter of Solomon Israel. 
 His children were Solomon, William J., Sarah, Mary Ann, 
 the wife of Reuben Woody, Susan, the wife of Jonathan 
 
350 HISTORY OF ALBEMAKLE 
 
 Boiling, Elizabeth, the wife of John Clack, and Mildred, the 
 wife of Reuben Mitchell. Many of this family removed to 
 Barren County, Kentucky. A William Wood also lived in 
 the same section. His wife's name was Mildred, and his 
 children were Jesse, who was distinguished by the affix of 
 Cull — whether because he came from Culpeper, or for another 
 reason, is not known — and Mildred, the wife of Jechonias 
 Yancey. 
 
 In 1774 David Wood came from I,ouisa, and purchased 
 land from David Watts, on the west side of the South West 
 Mountain. In that section he established his home. He 
 died in 1813. His wife was a Watson of the Green Spring 
 family, and his children Martha, the wife of Nathaniel 
 Thomason, Elizabeth, the wife of Micajah Carr, Mary, the 
 wife of John Sandridge, who emigrated to Green County, 
 Kentucky, Drury, l/ucy, the wife of Elisha D. Gilliam, who 
 removed to Christian County, Kentucky, Henrietta, the 
 wife of James Jefiries, Nancy, the wife of Meekins Carr, 
 James, Sarah, the wife of a Goocb, who emigrated to Ivincoln 
 County, Kentucky, and Ann, the wife of Barnett Smith. 
 Drury resided at Park Hill, opposite the bend of the north 
 fork of the Rivanna, near Stony Point. As a man of busi- 
 ness he was judicious and energetic, and acquired a large 
 estate. He died in 1841. He married Malinda, daughter of 
 John Carr, and his children were Sarah, the wife of Nathan- 
 iel Burnley, James, who married Frances, daughter of Han- 
 cock Allen, David, who married IvUcy, daughter of Richard 
 Duke, William, George, Fendall — these five brothers emi- 
 grated to West Tennessee — Rice W. , Thomas, Drury, Mary, 
 the wife of Robert Durrett, Martha, the wife of James D. 
 Allen, and Caroline, the wife of Thomas J. Early. Rice 
 was admitted to the bar in 1821, and represented the county 
 in the House of Delegates. He died in 1831, on the thres- 
 hold of a promising career. His wife was Sarah Donahoe, 
 of Staunton, and his children Cornelia, the wife of George 
 D. Brent, Alice, the wife of John J. Winn, Mary and Antoin- 
 ette. Thomas was admitted to the bar in 1830 — at the time 
 of his death its oldest member — and was also a member of 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 351 
 
 the IvCgislature. He was twice married, first to Mary Morton, 
 of Prince EJdward, and secondly to Mrs. Sturdivant, of Wash- 
 ington City. He died without children in 1895. Drury also 
 became a member of the bar in 1842. 
 
 In 1779 William Wood came from Maryland, and bought 
 land on the west fork of Priddy's Creek. He was the ances- 
 tor of nearly all the families of the name who have resided in 
 the northern part of the county. About the same period there 
 came from the same State, and settled in the same neighbor- 
 hood, Thomas Wills and John Turner, and a few years later 
 Michael Catterton, Samuel Wills, John Ward and John 
 Elliott. 
 
 WOODS. 
 
 The first Woods who settled in Albemarle was Michael, who 
 was born in the north of Ireland in 1684, and with his wife 
 Mary Campbell, and most of his children, came to this coun- 
 try sometime in the decade of 1720. I^anding on the banks of 
 the Delaware, he spent some years in I^ancaster County, Penn- 
 sylvania, thence ascended the Valley of Virginia, and crossed 
 the Blue Ridge by Woods's Gap in 1734. In 1737 he entered 
 more than thirteen hundred acres on Mechum's River and 
 lyickinghole, and the same day purchased two thousand acres 
 patented two years before by Charles Hudson, and situated 
 on the head waters of Ivy Creek. It is believed he was the 
 first settler in western Albemarle, and perhaps anywhere 
 along the east foot of the Blue Ridge in Virginia. His home 
 was near the mouth of Woods's Gap. He died in 1762, and 
 was interred in the family burying ground about a hundred 
 yards from the dwelling. His tombstone was standing iust 
 after the Civil War, when it was broken to pieces and disap- 
 peared ; but a fragment discovered a few years ago indicated 
 the year of his birth. His will is on record, in which are 
 mentioned three sons and three daughters, Archibald, John, 
 William, Sarah, the wife of Joseph Lapsley, of Rockbridge, 
 Hannah, the wife of William Wallace, and Margaret, the 
 wife of Andrew Wallace. 
 
 Archibald, whose wife's name was Isabella, was one of his 
 father's executors, and in 1767 joined with John, his co-exec- 
 
352 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 utor, in conveying nearly seven hundred acres of the land on 
 Ivy Creek to Rev. James Maury. In 1771 he purchased land 
 on Catawba Creek in Botetourt County, now Roanoke, and 
 removed thither about that time. He died in 1783. His chil- 
 dren were James, who removed to Fayette County, Kentucky, 
 John, Archibald, Andrew and Joseph. Joseph died in Roa- 
 noke about 1840, devising half of his property to the Presby- 
 tery of Montgomery. The descendants of John are still 
 citizens of that county, his grandsons John W. being the 
 present Judge of Roanoke City, and James P. its present 
 Mayor. 
 
 John lived on Mechum's River, not far above the Depot of 
 that name. In 1745 he was sent as a Commissioner to pros- 
 ecute before the Presbytery of Donegal in Pennsylvania, a 
 call which the churches of Rockfish and Mountain Plains 
 had given to Rev. John Hindman. He is the only one of the 
 original family, the dates of whose life are certainly known. 
 He was born February 19th, 1712, and died October 14th, 
 1791. He married Susanna, daughter of Rev. James Anderson, 
 whom he knew as a child in Pennsylvania, and whom years 
 later he returned to woo as his wife. His children were 
 Michael, James, Susan, Mary, I^uta and Ann. Michael 
 lived on his father's place on Mechum's till about 1801, when 
 he removed to a farm in Nelson on the south fork of Rock- 
 fish, recently occupied by Charles Harris. His wife was 
 Fsther Carothers, of Rockbridge, and his children were Wil- 
 liam M., Mary, the wife of Hugh Barclay, Susan, the wife of 
 Nathaniel Massie, John, James and Samuel. William M. 
 was twice married, first to I^ouisa, daughter of William S. 
 Dabney Sr., and secondly to Martha, daughter of Charles A. 
 Scott. He left eight children, who removed to Mississippi. 
 His brothers, John, James, and Samuel, who married Sarah, 
 daughter of John Rodes, emigrated to Marion County, Mis- 
 souri. James (1748-1823) was an officer in the Revolution- 
 ary army, married Mary, daughter of James Garland, of 
 North Garden, and removed to Garrard County, Kentucky, 
 where he had a family of twelve children. Susan became 
 the wife of Daniel Miller, who removed to Kentucky, and 
 
HISTORY OP ALBBMARLB 353 
 
 rom whom descended General John Miller, who fell at Per- 
 yville on the Federal side, Mary, the wife of John Reid, 
 vUta, of Samuel Reid, and Ann, of James Reid and after- 
 wards the second wife of her cousin William Woods. 
 William, no doubt the oldest of the family and born in 
 706, succeeded his father at Mountain Plains, the old home- 
 tead. He seems to have been unfortunate in his business- 
 ffairs. Twice he mortgaged his property, first to Thomas 
 Valker, and then to a number of Valley men, among whom 
 ?erehis brother-in-law, John Bowyer, and his nephew, Sam- 
 lel McDowell. At length in 1774 he made sale of it to Thomas 
 ^dams, of Augusta. At that time he was living in Fincastle 
 bounty. His wife was Susanna, a sister of his brother-in- 
 aw, William Wallace, and his children, Adam, Michael, 
 'eter, John, Andrew, Archibald, William, Sarah, the wife oi 
 : Shirkey, Susan, and Mary, the wife of George Davidson. 
 ^11 the children except William emigrated to Kentucky, and 
 rom there some went to Tennessee, and some to Missouri, 
 ^dam, Peter and Andrew became Baptist preachers. Archi- 
 )ald is mentioned in Hening's Statutes as a trustee of the 
 he towns of Boonesboro and Milford, Ky. , and in that State 
 le died in 1838 , at the age of eighty - nine. William remained 
 n Albemarle. He lived on Beaver Creek, about a mile north 
 >f Crozet ; on this account, as there were two other William 
 Voodses contemporaneous, he was commonly known as 
 Jeaver Creek Billy. In many respects he was a remarkable 
 nan, in his sphere somewhat of a born ruler, of fine sense, 
 ind great decision. Many amusing stories have been told of 
 lis management of men and things, particularly of his foster- 
 ng care over Mountain Plains Church. He died in 1836, 
 linety-two years of age. He was married three times, first 
 o his cousin Sarah Wallace, next to his cousin Ann Reid, 
 md thirdly to Mrs. Nancy Richardson. He had one son, 
 William, who married Mary, daughter of William Jarman, 
 md died in 1829. Their children were James, who lived on 
 Jeaver Creek, married Ann Jones, of Bedford, and died in 
 868, William, who lived near Crozet, married Nancy, the 
 laughter of John Jones, and died in 1850, Peter A., who was 
 
 / — 23 J 
 
354 HISTORY OF AtBEMARLE 
 
 a merchant in Charlottesville and Richmond, married Twy- 
 monia Wayt, and afterwards Mrs. Mary Poage Bourland, of 
 Augusta, and died in 1870, Thomas D., who married Miss 
 Hagan, lived near Pedlar Mills in Amherst, and died in 1894, 
 and Sarah J., the wife of Jesse P. Key. 
 
 According to credible evidence, Michael Woods and his 
 wife Mary Campbell had two sons and two daughters in addi- 
 tion to those just mentioned, Michael, Andrew, Magdalen 
 and Martha. Michael lived southwest of Ivy Depot till 1773, 
 when with his wife Ann he removed to a plantation in Bote- 
 tourt, on the south side of James River, a few miles below 
 Buchanan. He died in 1777, leaving eleven children, among 
 whom were Samuel, from whom descended Rev. Neander M. 
 Woods, of Memphis, and Rev. William H. Woods, of Balti- 
 more, and William. William remained in Albemarle, and 
 became a Baptist minister, on which account he was known 
 as Baptist Billy. His home was also southwest of Ivy. He 
 represented the county in the House of Delegates in 1799, and 
 in 1810 removed to Livingston County, Kentucky, where he 
 died in 1819. His wife was Joanna, daughter of Christopher 
 Shepherd, and his children Micajah, David, Mary, John, and 
 Susan, the wife of Henry Williams. Micajah resided in Al- 
 bemarle, was appointed a magistrate in 1816, served as Sher- 
 iff in 1836, and while filling that ofi&ce died at his country 
 seat near Ivy in 1837. He was twice married, first to I^ucy 
 Walker, and secondly to Sarah, daughter of John Rodes, and 
 widow of William Davenport. His children by the first mar- 
 riage were Martha, the wife of John Wilson, Mary, the wife 
 of James Garth, Elizabeth, the wife of John Humphreys, and 
 Henry, who died young, and by the second William S., who 
 died unmarried, and Dr. John R., still pleasantly remem- 
 bered in the community. 
 
 Andrew lived at the foot of the Blue Ridge near Green- 
 wood Depot, a few hundred yards south of the brick mansion, 
 long the home of Michael Wallace's family. He owned 
 nearly five hundred acres in that vicinity, and nearly nine 
 hundred at the foot of Armor's Mountain. He sold his prop- 
 erty in 1765, and removed to Botetourt. He was one of the 
 
HISTORY OF AtBEMARLE 355 
 
 first magistrates of that county, and was appointed its Sher- 
 iff in 1777. His home was about nine miles south of Buch- 
 anan, not far from the Mill Creek Church. He died in 1781. 
 His wife was Martha, daughter of Robert Poage, of Augusta, 
 and his children James, who lived and died in Montgomery 
 County, on the north fork of Roanoke, and whose descend- 
 ants removed to Nashville, Tenn., Robert, Andrew, Ar- 
 chibald, who all removed to the vicinity of Wheeling in Ohio 
 County, Elizabeth, the wife of David Cloyd, of Rockbridge, 
 Rebecca, the wife of Isaac Kelly, of Bedford, Mary, the wife 
 of James Poage, who removed to Mason County, Kentucky, 
 and then to Ripley, Ohio, and Martha, the wife of Henry 
 Walker, of Botetourt. Archibald married his cousin Ann, 
 daughter of Thomas Poage, of Augusta, represented Ohio 
 County in the House of Delegates, and the Constitutional 
 Convention of 1788, and when he died in 1846, had been for 
 many years the senior magistrate of that county. The writer 
 of these notes is his grandson. 
 
 Magdalen Woods was married successively to John Mc- 
 Dowell, benjamin Burden Jr., and John Bowyer. She is said 
 to have lived to the age of one hundred and four years. Her 
 children were Samuel, James, and Sarah McDowell, the latter 
 the wife of George Moffett, and Martha Burden, the wife of 
 Benjamin Hawkins. Martha Woods was the wife of Peter 
 Wallace. 
 
 Another branch of the Woodses, though beyond question 
 of the same stock, came to the county a few years later. 
 James, Samuel and Richard Woods were most probably 
 brothers. James first appears in 1749, when he patented 
 two hundred acres on Stockton's Creek. He lived on the 
 north fork of Rockfish, and at his house the District Com- 
 mittee met in 1775 to devise measures in furtherance of the 
 Revolution. Samuel lived in the same section. He was one 
 of the original purchasers of lots in Charlottesville. He died 
 in 1784. His children were Barbara, the wife of George 
 Martin, Margaret, the wife of Richard Netherland, who re- 
 moved to Sullivan County, Tennessee, John B., Mary, the 
 wife of Benjamin Harris, Jane, the wife of Joseph Montgom- 
 
356 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 ery, and Elizabeth, the wife of William B. Harris. Richard 
 lived north of Taylor's Gap, on the road from D. S. to Rock- 
 fish Gap by way of the Miller School, a road which he is 
 said to have laid out, and which is still called by his name. 
 He dealt largely in real estate both in Charlottesville and the 
 
 county. He was twice married, first to Margaret , and 
 
 secondly to Eliza Ann, a sister of Colonel John Stuart, of 
 Greenbrier. His children were William, George Matthews, 
 Richard, and Elizabeth, the wife of James Brooks. He died 
 in 1801. William succeeded his father at the homestead near 
 Taylor's Gap. He was the County Surveyor from 1796 to 
 1828, whence he was generally known as Surveyor Billy. 
 He was appointed a magistrate in 1816, succeeded Micajah 
 Woods in the Sheriffalty, and was a ruling elder in Mountain 
 Plains Church. He and his brother George gave much atten- 
 tion to improving the breed of horses, bringing to the county 
 a number of sires from the stud of John Randolph of Roa- 
 noke. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Warwick, 
 of Bath, but he died without children in 1850. George lived 
 on the opposite side of the road from his brother, filled for 
 many years the ofSce of Commissioner of the Revenue for St. 
 Anne's, and died in 1847. He married Jane, daughter of 
 Sampson Matthews, of Bath, and his children were John, 
 Sampson I,., William, Andrew, J. Warwick, George, Mary, 
 the wife of Tillotson Janney, and Martha, the wife of Dr. 
 Day. The daughters and their husbands removed to I^ewis 
 County. Richard was deputy Surveyor under his brother, 
 and died unmarried in 1822. His place was near the Miller 
 School, and is now in the possession of Thomas G. Michie. 
 
 WOODSON. 
 
 In 1769 Tucker Woodson became the deputy Clerk of 
 Albemarle. He was the son of Tucker Woodson, of Gooch- 
 land, and his wife Sarah Hughes. He married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John Moore, and his home was on the land just 
 north and west of Charlottesville, given to his wife by her 
 father. He died in 1779; and in 1782 his widow became the 
 wife of Major Joseph Crockett, an officer of the Revolution- 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 357 
 
 ry army, who soon after removed to Kentucky. Tucker 
 Voodson left two sons, Tucker Moore and Samuel Hughes, 
 fucker M. about the beginning of the century purchased a 
 onsiderable amount of real estate in town and county, 
 .mong other places the plantation of Viewmont, which in 
 803 he sold to Captain John Harris. The next year he 
 emoved to Kentucky. His wife was Martha Eppes, daugh- 
 er of Charles Hudson. Samuel had emigrated to Kentucky 
 ome years before. He received from his mother her land 
 idjoining Charlottesville, and part of it he sold to Charles 
 Touett in 1799, and the remainder to Alexander Garrett in 
 .808. He became Clerk of Jessamine County, Kentucky, 
 md in 1821 represented his district in Congress. 
 
 In 1769 John Woodson, of Goochland, most probably a 
 lalf-brother of Tucker, bought land on the head waters of 
 ;vy Creek, He departed this life in 1779. His wife's 
 lame was Klizabeth, and his children were Tarleton, Susan, 
 he wife of Micajah Wheeler, and Sarah, the wife of John 
 Sverett. Tarleton is believed to have married Annis, 
 laughter of Augustine Shepherd, and his children were 
 Tarleton, Augustine and Prior. Prior married Josephine 
 ^bell, and was the father of John, who recently died on or 
 lear the same land his ancestor had purchased more than a 
 :eutury and a quarter before. 
 
 In later years, about 1835, Thomas Woodson came to 
 [Charlottesville from Goochland. He was for many years one 
 jf the teachers of the town, and a ruling elder in the Presby- 
 :erian Church. He died in 1862. He was twice married, 
 irst to a sister of James C. Halsall, a member of the Albe- 
 narle bar, and secondly to Clarissa, daughter of D. Ferrell 
 Darr. His daughter Mary became the wife of Charles C. 
 Preston, of Southwest Virginia. 
 
 YANCEY. 
 
 Jeremiah Yancey was the first of the name who settled in 
 (Albemarle. He purchased land on Moorman's River in 
 L765, and during the next few years patented several small 
 ;racts on Buck's Elbow. He died in 1789. His wife's name 
 
358 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 was Margaret, and his children were Robert, Charles, Mary, 
 the wife of David Rodes, Elizabeth, the wife of John Wood, 
 Jechonias and Joel. Jechonias married Mildred, a sister of 
 Jesse Wood, Cull, was appointed a magistrate in 1807, and 
 died in 1820. His children were Jeremiah, a soldier of the 
 United States army, who died in 1828, William, Charles, 
 David, Martha and Joel. Joel, the brother of Jechonias, 
 married Martha, daughter of David Rodes, and in 1811 
 removed to Barren County, Kentucky. 
 
 Charles Yancey, who was a prominent man in the early 
 part of the century, was the son of Robert Yancey, of Buck- 
 ingham. An energetic man of business, he conducted a 
 tavern, store, mill and distillery at what was afterwards 
 May's, and still later Cocke's, Tavern. This was originally 
 the location of the postoffice called Yancey's Mills, and 
 though transferred to the more important centre of Hills - 
 boro, the old name is retained. Mr. Yancey was appointed 
 a magistrate in 1796, became Colonel of the Forty-Seventh 
 Regiment in 1806, and served as Sheriff in 1821. He was 
 twice married, first to Sarah, daughter of Robert Field, and 
 secondly to Jane Alexander. His children by the first mar- 
 riage were Jeremiah, Joel, Charles and Robert, and by the 
 second Jechonias, Sarah, the wife of J. W. Ralls, Alexander 
 K. and Jane. Jeremiah married Sarah, daughter of Clai- 
 borne Rothwell. He and his brother Joel built the mill on 
 lyickinghole near Crozet about 1820, and sold it in 1822 to 
 Philip S. Pleasants. Alexander K. married Sarah, daugh- 
 ter of Col. John S. Farrar, transacted business as a mer- 
 chant in Hillsboro, and died in 1889. 
 
 YERGAIN. 
 
 John Yergain came to the county in the latter part of the 
 last century, probably from Tidewater Virginia. He was a 
 resident of Charlottesville in 1796, and in that year obtained 
 a license for keeping an ordinary. He subsequently bought 
 one of the houses that are situated to the east of the Parish 
 House, and there for many years kept a store, chiefly for 
 the sale of liquor. He never married, and lived alone. 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 359 
 
 lard and parsimonious, he hoarded his earnings, and was 
 eputed to be rich ; and this impression was strengthened 
 ly his mode of living, and the jealous care he took in his 
 atter years to barricade his door against all who approached. 
 L report prevailed that he had a large amount of specie 
 luried in his cellar. Altogether from his peculiar habits, 
 lis solitary life, and the rumors of his hidden wealth, he 
 fas an object of great curiosity in the community. He died 
 n 1837. The reports of his concealed treasure were verified 
 ifter his death, but its amount fell far short of the general 
 lupposition. A relative named William Lee appeared from 
 ■^ew Kent, and administered on his estate. 
 
 HEBREWS. 
 
 The people destined to be "wanderers among the nations," 
 lave been represented in Albemarle from the earliest times. 
 '.n 1757 Michael Israel patented eighty acres in North Garden 
 lear Stockton's Thoroughfare, which he and his wife Sarah 
 ■old in 1770 to William Williams, of Goochland. It will be 
 ;een he was one of the Border Rangers. In 1772 he purchased 
 nore than three hundred acres on Mechum's River in the 
 same section, which he sold in 1779. Solomon Israel, a 
 jrother or son, bought in the same neighborhood in 1764. 
 Sleanor, a daughter of Solomon, was the wife of John Wood, 
 md in 1783 Solomon gave his land to his grandson, Solomon 
 WTood. Whether the Israels died in the county, or removed 
 ilsewhere, is not known, but their name has been left as a 
 permanent memorial. The conspicuous pass through the 
 Mountains between North Garden and Batesville, is no 
 onger Stockton's Thoroughfare, but Israel's Gap. 
 - Isaiah Isaacs died in Charlottesville in 1806, leaving six 
 ;hildren, Frances, Isaiah, Henrietta, David, Martha and 
 Bays. They for the most part removed to Richmond. 
 David remained in Charlottesville, was one of its merchants 
 n the decade of 1820, was the owner of a number of lots on 
 Main Street, and died in 1837. One of his sisters was a 
 nilliner of the place at the same date. Jacob and Raphael 
 vere also Jewish merchants in Charlottesville at that period, 
 
360 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 and besides their business there, they at the same time con- 
 ducted stores at Stony Point and Port Republic. 
 
 ITALIANS AND FRENCH. 
 
 In early times a number of persons came to the county 
 from Italy and France. They were induced to this step by 
 the influence of Mr. Jefferson, who in his comprehensive 
 views of things sought to promote in this country the culti- 
 vation of the vine. Foremost among them was Dr. Philip 
 Mazzei. He settled here in 1774, and to be a neighbor of 
 Mr. Jefferson fixed his residence at Colle. He was warmly 
 interested in the American cause during the Revolution, and 
 to promote its interests went back to Europe in 1779. He 
 visited this country again in 1785, presumably to dispose of 
 his property, but soon returned permanently to his former 
 home, where he died in 1816. 
 
 About the same time came the family of Gianniny, descend- 
 ants of which are still living in the county. In 1784 Anthony 
 Gianniny bought land on Buck Island Creek. In 1792 he 
 petitioned for liberty to build a mill on that stream. One of 
 the same name, no doubt a son, became a Baptist minister, 
 and was licensed to celebrate the rites of matrimony in 1807. 
 A Nicholas Gianniny was one of his sureties. 
 
 Peter Plumard de Rieux bought a hundred and fifty acres 
 south of Milton, which in 1790 he sold to Anthony Mullins, 
 and which afterwards became a part of Mr. Monroe's estate. 
 He then purchased a house and one hundred and thirty acres 
 on the west side of Charlottesville, which in 1795 he conveyed 
 to Colonel Thomas Bell to pay his debts. His daughter 
 Sarah was bound in 1801 to Mrs. Samuel Taliaferro. Claude 
 de Iva Cour died in the county in 1789. His will written in 
 French is on record. In 1809 Charles Elvy Bezet was the 
 owner of a parcel of ground west of Charlottesville, extend- 
 ing from the Staunton to the Barracks Road. There appear 
 also the names of De Prado, Colecassieu, I,a Porte and 
 Modena. In 1820 Francis Modena, who was a carriage 
 maker by trade, became the owner of lyot Forty on Main 
 
HISTORY OF ALBKMARLE 361 
 
 Street, which he and his wife Mary subsequently sold to 
 Dabney Minor. 
 
 In later times D'Alphonse came to the county as Instructor 
 in Gymnastics at the University. He purchased the tract of 
 land which is still known to the older citizens as D'Alphonse's 
 Garden. It lies in the southwest angle of the intersection 
 of the Whitehall Road and the Southern Railroad. During 
 his residence he was popular among the students. When the 
 war broke out, he went North and joined the Federal army. 
 He came back to Charlottesville with Sheridan as a Captain 
 of cavalry. When hostilities were past he returned, propos- 
 ing to occupy his old place at the University; but the coun- 
 tenances of students and people were turned on him so coldly, 
 that he shook off the dust of his feet, and quit Virginia in 
 disgust. 
 
 Another distinguished foreigner was connected with Albe- 
 marle. Thaddeus Kosciusko, the illustrious Pole,, who per- 
 formed so gallant a part in the war of the Revolution, made 
 his will while in this country. On returning to Europe, he 
 left it with Mr. Jefferson, whom he had appointed his execu- 
 tor. When Mr. Jefferson heard of his death in 1817, he had 
 it recorded in the office of the Albemarle Circuit Court, where 
 the original document remained on file until May, 1875. At 
 that time, in response to a resolution of the General Assem- 
 bly, the Court ordered it to be transmitted to the Secretary 
 of the Commonwealth, to be deposited for preservation in 
 the State L,ibrary. 
 
362 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 APPENDIX, No. I. 
 
 The original of the following- Call was found by Mr. Nicholas 
 Black in looking over the papers of his uncle, the late Thomas Black. 
 It was published in the Charlottesville Chronicle of March 21st, 1879. 
 
 Ivy Crebk, March 29, 1747. 
 Whereas it is agreed or proposed that ye Inhabitants of Ivy Creek 
 and ye Mountain Plain Congregation joyu together with ye Congre- 
 gation of Rockfish, to call and invite ye Reverend Samuel Black, now 
 Residing in ye bounds of ye Reverend Mr. John Craig's Congrega- 
 tion, to be our Minister and Pastor to administer ye ordinances of ye 
 Gospel among us : All we, whose names are hereunto aflBxed, do 
 promise and oblige ourselves to pay yearly and every year ye several 
 sums annexed to our names, for ye outward support and Incourage- 
 ment of ye said Mr. Samuel Black during his abode and continuance 
 among us, for ye one half of his Ivabor in ye Administration of Gos- 
 pel Ordinances to us in an orderly way, according to ye Rules and 
 Practice of our Orthodox Reformed Presbyterian Church : as Wit- 
 ness our hands. 
 
 Michael Woods 
 William Woods 
 Archibald Woods 
 William Wallace 
 Andrew Wallace 
 John Woods Sr. 
 John Greer 
 Thomas Ivockhart 
 Peter Hairston 
 Adam Gaudylock 
 Michael Woods Jr. 
 William McCord 
 John Gamble 
 Davis Stockton 
 Hugh Dobbins 
 David Lewis 
 James Gamble 
 Charles Lambert 
 John Monday 
 Thomas Evins 
 Thomas Wright 
 William Little 
 Kathan Woods 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 D. £ S. D. 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 Samuel Jameson 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 John Lockhart 
 
 IS 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 Hendry Burch 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 Thomas Alexander 
 
 10 
 
 
 IS 
 
 Patrick Woods 
 
 8 2 
 
 
 IS 
 
 John McCuUoch 
 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 William Ogans 
 
 12 6 
 
 
 10 
 
 William Chamberlain 
 
 S 
 
 
 8 
 
 Thomas Craig 
 
 s 
 
 
 10 
 
 John Thompson 
 
 s 
 
 
 10 
 
 John Corban 
 
 6 2 
 
 
 10 
 
 Hendry Carr 
 
 S 2Y2 
 
 
 10 
 
 James Weir 
 
 12 2 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 Robert McNeilly 
 
 6 2 
 
 
 10 
 
 John Dicky 
 
 6 1 
 
 
 s 
 
 William Norris 
 
 6 1 
 
 
 s 
 
 John Kincaid 
 
 S 
 
 
 s 
 
 John Woods Jr. 
 
 S 
 
 
 s 
 
 John Jameson 
 
 10 
 
 
 s 
 
 Benjamin Wheeler 
 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 W. Bucknall 
 
 S 
 
 
 10 
 
 2j^ John Burrisse 
 
 S 
 
 
 10 
 
 3 Robert Stewart 
 
 5 2 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 363 
 
 Tames Kincaid 
 Andrew McWilliams 
 Jeorg-e Dawson 
 Toseph Kincaid 
 Tohn McCord 
 Archibald Woods 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 s 
 
 00 
 00 
 10 
 
 D. 
 
 s 
 
 2>^ 
 
 William Whiteside 
 William Bustard 
 Thomas Whiteside 
 Matthew MuUins 
 Richard Stockton 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 10 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 2. 
 
 Albemarle Company of Militia, lately in actual service for the 
 lefence and protection of the frontier ag-ainst the Indians, September, 
 758. Heuing-'s Statutes, VII, 203. 
 
 ames Nevill, Captain 
 
 ohn Woods, Lieut. 
 
 V^illiam Woods, Lieut. 
 
 Villiam Woods, Ensig-n 
 
 )avid Martin, Ensign 
 
 Lndrew Greer, Serg-eant 
 
 Iharles Wakefield, Sergeant 
 
 Villiam Martin, Sergeant 
 
 Samuel Stockton 
 
 ^homas Jameson 
 
 lugh Alexander 
 
 lobert Poage 
 
 ohn Wallace 
 
 idam Gaudylock 
 
 lichael Woods Jr. 
 
 Jartholomew Ramsay 
 
 [eury Randolph 
 
 Villiam Stockton 
 
 lichael Israel 
 
 ames Kiukead 
 
 'homas Harbet 
 
 [eury Brenton 
 
 oshua Woods 
 
 Jexander Jameson 
 
 •anielMaupin 
 
 ohn Maupin 
 
 T^illiam Maupin 
 
 tatthew Mullins 
 
 Samuel Woods 
 William Whiteside 
 David Gass 
 Abraham Howard 
 Thomas Grubbs 
 John Cowan 
 George Breckenridge 
 William Poage 
 William Wakefield 
 William Cartie 
 Charles Hughes 
 Langdon Depriest 
 Aaron Hughes 
 John Depriest 
 James Glenn 
 James Robertson 
 Charles Crawford 
 John Biggs 
 John McAnally 
 Robert McWhorter 
 Richard Pry or 
 James Martin 
 Michael Morrison 
 James Morrison 
 Adam Lackie 
 Alexander McMulen 
 Ivawrence Smith 
 Matthias Hughes 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 3. 
 
 Extracts from memoranda connected with the Revolution, found 
 mong the papers of Dr. George Gilmer. 
 The following volunteers in the Independent Companies of Albe- 
 
364 
 
 HISTORY OF AtBEMARLE 
 
 marie County bound themselves' to the ensuing Resolves by sub- 
 scribing- thereto : 
 
 1. Should they fail or fly back, they should be held unworthy of 
 the rights of freemen, and as inimical to the cause of America. 
 
 2. Any one elected as Captain, lyieutenant, or Ensign, and refus- 
 ing to serve, shall pay, the first ;^2S, the second £1S, and the third 
 ;£'10, for the use of the Company. 
 
 3. To obey the officers by themselves elected, muster four times a 
 year, provide gun, shot-pouch and powder horn, and appear on duty 
 in hunting shirt. 
 
 *Charles L,ewis, Captain 
 *George Gilmer, Lieut. 
 *John Marks, Lieut. 
 
 John Harvie, Ensign 
 
 William Simms, Sergeant 
 *William "Wood, Sergeant 
 *William T. Lewis, Sergeant 
 *John Martin, Sergeant 
 *Pred Wm. Wills, Corporal 
 *Thomas Martin Jr., Corporal 
 
 Patrick Napier, Corporal 
 *David Allen, Corporal 
 *John Lowry, Drummer 
 *Edward Garland 
 *John Henderson 
 *Isaac Wood 
 *Ealvy Frazier 
 
 Samuel Carr 
 
 John Watkins 
 
 Micajah Defoe 
 
 John Wood 
 
 David Dalton 
 
 Shadrach Battles 
 J. S. Logan 
 J. S. Lisle 
 William Flint 
 Roger Shackelford 
 John Dickerson 
 Edward Hughes 
 Stephen Hughes 
 J. S. Dudley 
 J. S. Stephenson 
 John Coles 
 
 *Charles L. Lewis 
 
 *James Quarles 
 Isaac Davis 
 Spencer Norvell 
 
 *Reuben Lindsay 
 Robert Martin Jr. 
 
 *William Johnson 
 James Lewis 
 Edward Carter 
 Turner Richardson 
 
 George Thompson 
 
 Those marked with an asterisk, marched to Williamsburg, May 
 2nd, 177S, to demand satisfaction of Lord Dunmore for the removal of 
 the powder. 
 
 The following marched to Williamsburg, July 11th, 177S under 
 
 Lieut. George Gilmer. 
 
 Matthew Jouett 
 Richard Harper 
 William Flint 
 Isham Lewis 
 Richard Harvie 
 Erasmus Ball 
 Bennett Henderson 
 
 William Wood 
 William Lewis 
 William Henderson 
 Thomas Strachan 
 John Martin, Sergeant 
 Isaac Davis 
 Nelson Thompson 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLK 
 
 365 
 
 i^harles L. Lewis 
 Hastings Marks 
 Thomas Mitchell 
 Hudson Martin 
 Tohn Wood 
 Vlicajah Chiles 
 
 Micajah Lewis 
 Richard Durrett 
 Bernard Mills 
 John Henderson 
 John Wood 
 Thomas Walker 
 
 Thomas Martin, Corporal. 
 
 A Declaration of Independence, signed by citizens of Albemarle, 
 \.pril 21st, 1779, the original of which is preserved in the rooms of 
 :he Virginia Historical Society in Richmond. 
 
 3-eorge Gilmer 
 Tames Quarles 
 William I/ewis 
 Richard Anderson 
 Peter Marks 
 lames Bridgett 
 John Fielder 
 Seorge Norvell 
 Nathaniel Haggard 
 Henry Mullins 
 Tucker Woodson 
 Isaac Davis 
 Samuel Taliaferro 
 John Day 
 Micajah Chiles 
 Richard Harper 
 William Barton 
 John Greer 
 Thomas Jefferson 
 John Harvie 
 John Coles 
 James Marks 
 John Harris 
 John Jouett 
 Nicholas Lewis 
 Benjamin Harris 
 Samuel Dedman 
 James Hopkins 
 C. Simms 
 James Kerr 
 William Hays 
 Edward Butler 
 R. Davenport Jr. 
 William Irvin, V. D. M. 
 Jason Bowcock 
 
 James Reid 
 Benjamin Lacy 
 William Tandy Sr. 
 John Reid 
 William Hopkins 
 Clough Shelton 
 Samuel Woodson 
 Thomas Overton 
 Thomas Martin Jr. 
 John Wilkinson 
 Benjamin Dod Wheeler 
 Peter Jackson 
 Henry Heard 
 John Jouett Jr. 
 Isaac Davis Jr. 
 Philip Mazzei 
 George Saunders 
 Richard Gaines 
 William Briscoe 
 William Carroll 
 Robert Sharp Sr. 
 Robert Sharp Jr. 
 Joseph Lamb 
 John Bailey 
 Roland Horsley 
 Richard Harvie 
 Alexander McKinzie 
 Robert Thompson Jr. 
 John Kirby 
 John Black 
 William Pilson 
 Robert Pilson 
 James Epperson 
 John Lott 
 Richard Sharp 
 
366 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Henry Sheltoti 
 James Minor 
 Anderson Bryan 
 John Fitzpatrick 
 John Stockton 
 Josiah Wood 
 Whittle Flannagan 
 Peter Ferguson 
 Nathaniel McAllister 
 John Henderson Sr. 
 John Ivewis Sr. 
 W. X,angford 
 Peter Burrus 
 John Tandy 
 Richard Goodall 
 Spencer Norvell 
 Orlando Jones 
 Stat. Morris • 
 William Michie 
 Thomas Craig 
 John McCulloch 
 Charles Iv. I^ewis 
 William Johnson 
 Zachariah Mills 
 John Thomas 
 Castleton Harper Sr. 
 John Newcomb 
 Samuel Bing 
 Richard Carter 
 John Wingfield 
 Henry Hooper 
 Nicholas Hamner 
 Joseph Terrell 
 Daniel Goolsby 
 Richard Davenport 
 Charles Tucker 
 William Hitchcock 
 Henry Copeland 
 Richard Goolsby 
 Hiram Gaines 
 John Prince 
 Castleton Harper Jr. 
 Daniel Coleman 
 William Wingfield 
 William I,eake 
 Martin Haggard 
 
 Robert Burrus 
 Henry Randolph 
 William McGhee 
 Samuel Karr 
 Samuel McCord 
 Joseph Holt 
 William L. Bing 
 Benjamin Jordan 
 John Henderson Jr. 
 William Barksdale 
 Thomas Thorp 
 James Wm. Crossthwait 
 R. Dixon 
 T. Marshall 
 Daniel Coleman 
 William Wingfield 
 Christopher Wingfield 
 William L/cake 
 Martin Haggard 
 Peter Ballou 
 Thomas West 
 William Anderson 
 Joseph Neilson 
 William Colvard 
 William Possett 
 Edward Moore 
 Charles L,ewis Jr. 
 David G. Mosby 
 Isham Lewis 
 Henry Pord 
 William Sandridge 
 William Chenault 
 Thomas Musick 
 Samuel Huckstep 
 Jacob Oglesby 
 John Wood 
 Thomas Collins 
 Arthur Graham 
 Thomas Morgan 
 Charles Hudson 
 William JefBers 
 Richard Scott 
 Bernis Brown 
 William Statham 
 Stephen Hughes Jr. 
 Horsley Goodman 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLM 
 
 367 
 
 Peter Ballou 
 Chomas Fentress 
 Tames McMauus 
 5amuel Rea 
 Abraham Eades 
 Fohn Fentress 
 S''illiam Sorrow 
 A^illiam Fry 
 liharles Goodman 
 ilichael Wallace 
 Randolph Jefferson 
 rohn Hall 
 David Allen 
 Charles Kerr 
 Benjamin Henderson 
 3amuel Bowcock 
 David Morris 
 Fohn Wallace 
 Vlatthew Maury 
 vlask Leake 
 Sobert Cobbs 
 fhomas G-ooch 
 
 William Shelton 
 lyittlebury Sullivan 
 William Karr 
 William Ramsay 
 David Nimmo 
 William Reynolds 
 Richard Watson 
 Shadrach Reynolds 
 Daniel Reynolds 
 Francis Browning: 
 William Rannald 
 Abraham GoUan 
 William Cleveland 
 James Bird 
 William Ballard 
 Thomas Jameson 
 George Mann 
 Daniel Miller 
 Francis Hodg-e 
 Francis Taliaferro 
 John Kirby 
 James Woods 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 Albemarle Soldiers of the Revolution. 
 
 OFFICBRS. 
 David Anderson, Ensign, 9th Va. 
 Nathaniel Anderson, Lrieut., 3rd Va. 
 Tohn Beck, Ensign, 9th Va. 
 Jamuel Bell, Ensign, Grayson's Reg. 
 Chomas Bell, Captain, Gist's Reg. 
 Jezaleel Brown, Captain, State troops at Yorktown. 
 3enry Burke, Captain, State militia. 
 Tohn Burke, Captain, State militia, 
 tlay Button, Captain, State militia. 
 Peter Davie, Quartermaster, 14th Va. 
 >amuel Eddins, Captain, 1st Cont. Artillery, 
 jjdward Garland, Captain, 14th Va. 
 'eter Garland, Captain, 6th Va. 
 Nathaniel Garland, L,ieut., State militia. 
 iVilliam" Gooch, Eieut., State militia. 
 Villiam Grayson, Captain, State militia, 
 ohn Hargis, Ensign, 13th Va. 
 Jenjamin Harris, Captain, State militia. 
 
368 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Robert Harris, Captain, State militia. 
 
 Reuben Hawkins, Captain, State militia. 
 
 William Henderson, Captain, 9th Va. 
 
 Reuben Herndon, Ivieut., 7th Va. 
 
 Joseph Holt, Lieut., 4th Va. 
 
 Samuel Hopkins, L,t. Col., 10th Va., captured at Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Charles Hudson, Quartermaster, 14th Va. 
 
 John Hudson, Captain, State militia. 
 
 Isaac Israel, Captain, 8th Va. 
 
 John Jameson, L,t. Col., Drag-oons. 
 
 Matthew Jouett, Captain. 
 
 Robert Jouett, Captain, 7th Va. 
 
 John Key, Ensign, 8th Va. 
 
 Mask Leake, Captain, State militia. 
 
 Charles Lewis, Colonel, 14th Va. 
 
 Nicholas Lewis, Captain, State militia. 
 
 William Lewis, Lieut., Cont. Line. 
 
 Reuben Lindsay, Col., State militia. 
 
 Richard Lindsay, Col. Gen., Lawson's Brig-ade. 
 
 Bernard Lipscomb, Captain, State militia. 
 
 Col. Mallory. 
 
 John Marks, Captain, 14th Va. 
 
 Hudson Martin, Lieut., 9th Va. 
 
 John Martin, Captain, State militia. 
 
 Abraham Maury, Adjutant, 14th Va. 
 
 David Meriwether, Lieut., 14th Va., captured at Charleston. 
 
 James Meriwether, Adj., State militia. 
 
 Thomas Meriwether, Major, State militia. 
 
 Peter Minor, Captain, Sth Va. 
 
 Archelaus Moon, Lieut., 14th Va. 
 
 Jacob Moon, Paymaster, 14th Va. 
 
 George Nicholas, Lt. Col., 11th Va. 
 
 John Nicholas, Lieut., 9th Va. 
 
 Wilson C. Nicholas, Com., Washington's Guards. 
 
 Lipscomb Norvell, Lieut., Sth Va. 
 
 John Piper, Lieut., State militia. 
 
 James Quarles, Captain, State militia. 
 
 Robert Rodes, Captain, captured at Charleston. 
 
 Clough Shelton, Captain, 10th Va., captured at Charleston. 
 
 William Simms, Captain, 6th Va. 
 
 Larkin Smith, Captain, 4th Dragoons. 
 
 George Thompson, Lieut., State militia. 
 
 John Thompson, Lieut., 7th Va. 
 
 Leonard Thompson, Lieut., State militia. 
 
 Roger Thompson, Captain, 2ad Va. 
 
 Thomas Walker Jr., Captain, 9th Va. 
 
HISTORY OF albbmarle; 369 
 
 Saptain Warr, probably Marr. 
 )aniel White, Captain, State militia, 
 ^arleton Woodson, Sergeant, State militia. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 bhn Burton, disabled and pensioned. 
 
 ohn Buster, died 1820, served against Indians, and in Revolution. 
 
 lathan Clausby, Grenadier, 1st Partisan I^egion. 
 
 ames Craddock, died in the service. 
 
 Iharies Davis, 1st I/ight Drag'oons, wounded and pensioned. 
 
 )avid Epperson, died in the service. 
 
 ohn Fag-g- Sr., died 1829, aged 92. 
 
 limpson Foster, died in the service. 
 
 ohn Grillaspy, 9th Va., killed at Germantown. 
 
 'harles Goolsby, Corporal, 9th Va., captured at Germantown, aad 
 
 died in the service, 
 lames Goolsby, 9th Va., captured at Germantown, and died in the 
 
 service, 
 fohn Goolsby, 9th Va., died in the service. 
 Tohn Greening, 2nd Va. 
 A^illiam Hardin, killed at Ninety-Six. 
 Jartlett Hawkins, pensioned. 
 \.mbrQse Howard, 9th Va. 
 
 Jichard Marshall, pensioned by Act of Assembly. 
 Peter Massie, 5th Va. 
 
 Thomas Mitchell, Sergeant, Cent, army, died in the service. 
 Tames Old, died 1821, in battles of Quebec and lyong Island. 
 William Smith, died 1823, aged 95, served against Indians, and in 
 
 • Revolution. 
 Fohn Snead, in Cont. army. 
 Kenneth Southerlin, State militia. 
 
 5aniel Tilman, died 1820, served at 16 against Indians, and in Rev- 
 olution. 
 
 Applying for pensions under Act of Congress passed in 1818. 
 
 ENLISTED IN AI,BEMAEI,E. 
 
 IVilliam Bailey, in Capt. Thomas Walker's Co., 9th Va., in battles of 
 
 Brunswick and Saratoga, discharged in Pa. 
 loseph Brockman, in Capt. I/indman's Co., Col. Davies's Reg., in no 
 
 battle, discharged in Powhatan. 
 William Uastin, in Capt. Reuben Taylor's Co., Col. Moses Hazen's 
 
 Reg., in battles of Staten Island, Brandywine and Germantown, 
 
 discharged at Morristown, N. J. 
 Nehemiah Greening, in Capt. Stribling's Co., Buford's Reg., at Fort 
 
 —24 
 
370 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Motte, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs, discharged at Salis- 
 bury, N. C. 
 
 Edward Hughes, in Capt. John Mark's Co., 1st Va., in battles of 
 Brandywine, Germautown and Guilford C. H. 
 
 Thomas Johnson, in Capt. Roger Thompson's Co., 2nd Va., in uo 
 battle, discharged at Ivong Island, Holston River. 
 
 John Jones, in Capt. Winston's Co., Col. Charles L,ewis's Reg., in 
 battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, discharged 
 
 '' ^ at Middlebrook, N. J. 
 
 Sabrit King, in Capt. Robert Jouett's Co., 7th Va., in battle of Mon- 
 mouth. 
 
 Martin Mooney, iu Capt. Fontaine's Co., 14th Va., and Capt. Wm. 
 Ivewis's Co., Col. Cleveland's Reg., in battles of I^ong Bridge, 
 King's Mountain and Ninety-Six. 
 
 Richard Mooney, in Capt. John Mark's Co., 1st Va., in battles of 
 Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs, dis- 
 charged at Salisbury, N. C. 
 
 Samuel Munday, in Capt. Wm. Simms's Co., Col. Green's Reg., at 
 Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs, dis- 
 charged at Salisbury, N. C. 
 
 Enlisted iu other places, but residents of Albemarle after the war. 
 
 Humphrey Beckett, in Frederick County, Capt. Porterfield's Co., 11th 
 
 Va., in battles of Somerset, Amboy and Monmouth, discharged 
 
 in Frederick. 
 Thomas Burton, in Hanover County, Capt. Hurd's Co., Buford's Reg., 
 
 iu uo battle, discharged iu Fluvanna. 
 Youen Carden, in Cumberland County, under I,t. Benj. Garrett, Capt. 
 
 Baylor's Cavalry, and twenty mouths under Col. Washington, 
 
 discharged at Charleston, S. C. 
 John Grinstead, in Hanover County, Capt. Woodson's Co., Col. 
 
 Posey's Reg., at Savannah and Yorktown, discharged in Cum- 
 berland County. 
 Sabrit Hoy, in Culpeper County, Capt. Harrison's Co., 2nd Va., at 
 
 Cowpeus, Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs, 
 
 discharged at Salisbury, N. C. 
 William Kirby, in Hanover County, Capt. Stribliug's Co., Buford's 
 
 Reg., at Guilford C. H., Camden, Ninety-Six and Eutaw Springs, 
 
 discharged at Salisbury, N. C. 
 Isaac Milliway, at Dover, Del., Capt. McCaunou's Co., Col. 
 
 Vaughau's Reg., at Guilford C. H., Camden, Eutaw Springs, 
 
 where he was severly wounded, discharged at Dover. 
 George Norvell, in Capt. Richard C. Anderson's Co., Sth Va., at 
 
 Brandywine, Germautown and Yorktown, discharged at West 
 
 Point. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 
 
 371 
 
 Joseph Shepherd, at Fredericksburg-, in Capt. John Wallace's Co., 3rd 
 Va. 
 
 Cephas Shickett, in Capt. John Stuart's Co., 1st Maryland, at Brandy- 
 wine and Germantown, discharged at Annapolis. 
 
 John Wm. Shube, in Philadelphia, in Pulaski's Corps, at Savannah, 
 Camden, Mount Scoota, and James Island, discharged at Smith- 
 field, Va. 
 
 John Smith, in Pennsylvania Artillery, Capt. Proctor, at Trenton, 
 with Gen. Clark down the Ohio in 1781, and one year with Gen. 
 Harmar, discharged at Fort Pitt. 
 
 William Turner, in Capt. Francis Taylor's Co., 2nd Va., at German- 
 town and Stony Point. 
 
 John Williams, in Brunswick County, Capt. John Overton's Co., 10th 
 Va., at Guilford C. H., Eutaw Springs,- and Yorktown, discharged 
 at Williamsburg. 
 
 PRIVATES IN STATB MHITIA. 
 
 Samuel Barksdale 
 Mica j ah Bo wen 
 William Boyd 
 Gideon Carr 
 Meekins Carr 
 John Collins 
 Major Dowell 
 Jam.es Dunn 
 George Gentry 
 James Gentry 
 Sharod Going 
 John Hall 
 Nathan Hall 
 George Hardin 
 William Harris 
 Richard Hill 
 Charles Huckstep 
 Richard Johnson- 
 
 William Jordan 
 
 Adam Keblinger 
 
 Samuel McCord 
 
 Cornelius Maupin 
 
 Daniel Maupin 
 
 William Maupin 
 
 Jonathan Munday, at Yorktown 
 
 EJphraim Seamonds 
 
 Richard Snow, at Yorktown 
 
 Richard Spinner 
 
 John Spradling 
 
 David Strange, at Yorktown 
 
 John Taylor 
 
 Nathaniel Thacker 
 
 Absalom Thomas 
 
 John Thomas 
 
 Roger Thompson, at Yorktown 
 
 Micajah Wheeler 
 
 John Wood. 
 
372 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARtK 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 Military Organization of the County. 
 
 It may be of interest to many to be informed in regard to the 
 military force of the county, the bodies of which it was composed, 
 and their officers, during- the period extending- from 1794 to 1802. 
 
 Forty-Seventh Regiment, South of the Three Notched Road. 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 Wilson C. Nicholas Samuel Murrell 
 
 1st Battawon. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Samuel Murrell James L,ewis 
 
 Captain. 
 Benj. I^acy 
 Edward Garland 
 Joseph Wingfield 
 
 Cornelius Schenk 
 
 William Iveake 
 Walter L,eake 
 
 William Tompkins 
 William Hopkins 
 John Staples 
 
 Samuel Shelton 
 Richard Pollard 
 John S. Farrar 
 
 1st company. 
 
 Lieut. 
 Thos. Hamner 
 Mart. Davenport 
 Charles I/acy 
 
 2]SrD COMPANY. 
 
 Christopher Wingfield 
 Thomas Carr Jr. 
 John T. Hawkins 
 
 3rd company. 
 
 Walter L,eake 
 George Wharton 
 
 Ensign. 
 Mart. Davenport 
 Edward Garland 
 Stephen L,acy 
 Joseph Wingfield 
 Francis Wingfield 
 
 R. H. Allen 
 Thomas Carr Jr. 
 Charles Jouett 
 Thomas Wells Jr. 
 
 4th company. 
 Clifton Garland 
 Samuel Hopkins 
 Charles A. Scott 
 William Moon Jr. 
 
 LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 lyewis Nicholas 
 William Davenport 
 John S. Farrar 
 Walter L,acy , 
 
 Walter Coles 
 George Wharton 
 Edward Thomas 
 Samuel Leake 
 
 John Scott Jr. 
 Samuel Hopkins 
 Turner Moon 
 William Moon Jr. 
 William Hamner 
 
 James Ming 
 Joseph Bishop 
 Joseph Coleman 
 N. A. Thompson 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BEMARI<E 
 
 373 
 
 Samuel Carr 
 
 CAVAI,RY. 
 
 Thomas Divers 
 
 2nd Battawon. 
 Majors. 
 
 George Gilmer 
 
 Cornet 
 
 Dabney Minor 
 
 John Jordon Edward Garland 
 
 Captain. 
 3-eorge Martin 
 iVilliam Wharton 
 
 Vienan Mills 
 William Wood Jr. 
 
 ramies Brooks 
 Charles Yancey 
 
 Fames Ivewis 
 klicajah Woods 
 
 Howell Ljewis 
 Sobert Garland 
 
 [iJlifton Garland 
 Charles Hudson 
 
 1st company. 
 
 Lieut. 
 William Wharton 
 Abraham Martin 
 James Watson 
 
 2nd company. 
 Francis Montgomery 
 William Wood Jr. 
 John Field 
 
 3rd company. 
 Rice Garland 
 Michael Woods 
 Jechonias Yancey 
 
 4th company. 
 Tarleton Woodson 
 Benj. Buster 
 
 UGhT infantry. 
 Robert Garland 
 William Woods 
 
 I,IGHT HORSE. 
 John Clarkson 
 Walter Coles 
 
 Ensign. 
 Schuyler Harris 
 Bez. Maxwell Jr. 
 Thomas Key 
 
 John Piper 
 Clifton Rodes 
 Jesse Wood Jr. 
 
 Michael Woods 
 Charles Yancey 
 Ephraim Musick 
 
 Richard'Harrisoa 
 Mica j ah Woods 
 Tipton L(ewis 
 
 John 'R. Kerr 
 William Woods 
 John Gilliam 
 John P. Watson 
 
 Weatherston Shelton 
 Cornet 
 
 Eighty-Eighth Regiment, North of the Three Notched Road. 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 Thomas Bell Francis Walker 
 
 1st battauon. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Robert Jouett James Sirams 
 
 Francis Walker Robert Warner Ivewis 
 
374 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Captain. 
 James Simms 
 Achilles Doug-lass 
 Samuel Brockman 
 
 Joshua Key 
 Micajah Carr 
 Drury Wood 
 
 Wm. D. Meriwether 
 Charles B. Hunton 
 James B. Ivindsay 
 
 Edward Moore 
 David Anderson 
 
 Francis Walker 
 David Clarkson 
 Nimrod Bramham 
 
 Thomas S. Buster 
 
 1st company. 
 
 Lieut. 
 Achilles Douglass 
 Samuel Brockm^an 
 Ambrose Brockman 
 John Douglass 
 
 2nd company. 
 Micajah Carr 
 Drury Wood 
 John Sandridge 
 
 3rd company. 
 Charles B. Hunton 
 James B. Ijindsay 
 Thomas Hunton 
 
 4th company. 
 William Crenshaw 
 John Henderson 
 Kemp Catlett 
 
 I,IGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 David Clarkson 
 William Wirt 
 Nimrod Bramham 
 Madison Breedlove 
 George Martin 
 
 RIFI,KMEN. 
 
 Reuben I^ewis 
 
 Ensign. 
 Samuel Brockman 
 William Simms J r. 
 Ambrose Brockman 
 John Douglass 
 William Smith 
 
 Drury Wood 
 George Gilmer 
 John Sandridge 
 Thomas Travillian 
 
 John Rogers 
 James G. Waddell 
 Thomas Hunton 
 Matthew Maury 
 
 John Henderson 
 David Anderson 
 Kemp Catlett 
 George W. Catlett 
 
 Thomas Walker Jr. 
 Robert W. I^ewis 
 LfUdlow Bramham 
 Madison Breedlove 
 George Martin 
 Reuben Herndon 
 
 Garland Brown 
 
 Henry Burke 
 
 2nd BaTTawon. 
 
 Majors. 
 John Wood Horsley Goodman 
 
 1st COMPANY. 
 
 Captain. 
 Wyatt Mills 
 Parmenas Rogers 
 
 John Wood 
 David Wood 
 
 Lieuf. 
 Thomas Fretwell 
 Parmenas Rogers 
 Edmund Davis 
 
 2nd company. 
 David Wood 
 John Crenshaw 
 Thomas Wood 
 
 Ensign. 
 Parmenas Rogers 
 Matthew P. Walton 
 
 David Michie 
 Joseph Edmoudson 
 
HISTORY OF AI,BBMARI,B 
 
 375 
 
 Villiam Jarmau 
 (rig-htberry Brown 
 
 lorsley Goodman 
 Thomas Garth Jr. 
 
 ilatthew Rodes 
 Elijah Garth 
 
 3rd company. 
 Brig-htberry Brown 
 John Rodes Jr. 
 
 4th company. 
 Thomas Garth Jr. 
 Joseph Goodman 
 
 I<IGHT INPANTRY. 
 
 Elijah Garth 
 Swanny Ferg-uson 
 William. Thompson 
 
 John Rodes Jr. 
 Robert T. Brown 
 James Harris 
 Charles Brown 
 
 Joseph Goodman 
 John A. Michie 
 Alexander Garrett 
 
 Nathan Harris 
 Swanny Ferguson 
 William Thompson 
 James Ballard 
 
 I,IGHT HORSB. 
 
 Phos. M. Randolph Peter Carr William Liove, Cornet 
 
 Robert Jouett, Col. Artillery, 2nd Division 
 
 Colonels. 
 'harles Yancey, 1806 
 ohn S. Farrar, 181S 
 Villiam Woods, S. 1817 
 oseph Coffman, 1828 
 Jeorg-e W. Kinsolving, 1830 
 Javid Hays, 1832 
 Villiam H. Brown, 1839 
 ohh H. Timberlake, 1860. 
 
 Subsequent Colonels. 
 
 FORTY-SBVENTH. 
 
 Lieut. Colonels. 
 John Coles 
 
 George W. Kinsolving 
 Michael Johnson 
 John R. Jones 
 
 Colonels. 
 ^imrod Bramham, 1806 
 Thomas W. Wood, 1814 
 Javid Carr, 1828 
 ames O. Carr, 1829 
 'ohn J. Bowcock, 1839 
 
 BIGHTY-EIGHTH. 
 
 Lieut. Colonels. 
 Jesse W. Garth 
 Isaac Simms 
 David Carr 
 Thomas Durrett 
 
 Joshua Fry 
 Peter Jefferson 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 6. 
 List of County Officers. 
 
 Magistrates. 
 
 174S. 
 
 Charles I^ynch 
 Joseph Thompson 
 
376 
 
 HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLE 
 
 William Cabell, M. 
 Allen Howard 
 James Daniel 
 
 Isaac Bates 
 Charles I<ewis Jr. 
 Edmund Gray 
 Samuel Jordan 
 Valentine Wood 
 
 1746. 
 
 Thomas Ballou 
 Edwin Hickman 
 
 David L,ewis 
 John Reid 
 James Nevell 
 William Harris 
 John Anthony 
 
 Date of Appointment Unknown. 
 
 John Hunter 
 John Cobb 
 John Cannon 
 Robert Lewis 
 Nicholas Meriwether 
 John L<ewis 
 Hudson Martin 
 
 Nicholas Lewis 
 George Gilmer 
 Clifton Rodes 
 James Kerr 
 James Quarles 
 James Garland 
 John Key 
 John Henderson 
 James Minor 
 Michael Thomas 
 
 Bezaleel Brown 
 Bernard BroWu 
 William Clark 
 Thomas W. Lewis 
 George Divers 
 Thomas Garth 
 William Michie 
 Rice Garland 
 
 Charles Goodman 
 Samuel Black 
 Robert Davis 
 Charles Wing-field Jr. 
 Edward Moore 
 William Wardlaw 
 
 Isaac Davis 
 Jesse Burton 
 Roger Thompson 
 Thomas Napier 
 Thomas Jefferson 
 , William Leigh 
 
 Acting in 1783. 
 
 John Marks 
 James Marks, 
 Bennett Henderson 
 Joshua Fry 
 David Rodes 
 Reuben Lindsay 
 John Piper 
 William Hughes 
 Henry Burke 
 
 1791. 
 
 1794. 
 
 Tandy Key 
 
 William D. Meriwether 
 Wilson C. Nicholas 
 Samuel Murrell 
 James Simms 
 Thomas Bell 
 Charles B. Hunton 
 Benjamin Harris 
 
 Joshua Key 
 Francis Walker 
 Benjamin Brown 
 Thomas M. Randolph 
 Thomas C. Fletcher 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLB 
 
 377 
 
 Achilles Doug-lass 
 Marshall Durrett 
 
 179S. 
 Garland Carr 
 
 1796. 
 
 Charles Yancey 
 
 1798. 
 James Monroe 
 
 1800. 
 
 John Watson 
 Christopher Hudson 
 
 David Wood 
 William Walker 
 David Anderson 
 Edward Garland 
 Nimrod Braniham 
 
 Dabney Minor 
 Martin Dawson 
 Samuel Carr 
 Clifton Garland 
 
 John R. Kerr 
 John Harris 
 James Harris 
 James Old 
 John Rodes Jr. 
 Charles Everett 
 
 Matthew Rodes 
 Micajah Woods 
 John Goss 
 William Woods, S. 
 Thomas W. Maury 
 William A. Harris 
 John M. Perry 
 Thos. Eston Randolph 
 
 Hugh Nelson 
 William Moon 
 Opie Norris 
 Isaac Curd 
 
 1801. 
 
 1819. 
 
 Howell L,ewis 
 
 1806. 
 
 1807. 
 
 Peter Carr 
 Charles A. Scott 
 Walter Coles 
 Joel Harris 
 Isaac Miller 
 
 Garrett White 
 James Lewis 
 John Staples 
 
 Clifton Rodes 
 Jechonias Yancey 
 Parmenas Rogers 
 David J. lyewis 
 John A. Michie 
 
 1816. 
 
 Thomas W. Wood 
 Erancis Carr 
 John Irvin 
 James Clark 
 Charles Brown 
 Joseph CofEman 
 James Michie 
 
 Allen Dawson 
 Thomas H. Brown 
 Charles Cocke 
 Robert Brooks 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OF AI.BEMARLE 
 
 Benjamin Ficklin 
 James Jarman 
 Richard Duke 
 Achilles Broadhead 
 
 EJdmund Davis 
 John Pilson 
 John B. Hart 
 
 Henry White 
 L(ewis Teel 
 Gilly M. Lewis 
 John Morris 
 
 "William A. Bibb 
 
 Chapman W. Maupin 
 John S. Cocke 
 Bezaleel Brown 
 Ira B. Brown 
 Carter H. Harrison 
 
 James Duke 
 James D. Watts 
 John J. Bowcock 
 Liilburn R. Railey 
 Nimrod Bramham Jr. 
 John S. Nicholas 
 
 John 'L,. Thomas 
 Daniel E. Watson 
 William H. Harris 
 
 George W. Spooner 
 Robert H. Carter 
 Franklin Minor 
 Francis K. Nelson 
 
 John Cochran 
 John H. Timberlake 
 Alexander P. Abell 
 Matthew Blair 
 
 1824. 
 
 John R. Jones 
 William H. Dyer 
 Thomas J. Randolph 
 
 John T. Holman 
 Mann Pag-e 
 
 1830. 
 
 1832. 
 
 183S. 
 
 1838. 
 
 1838. 
 
 1841. 
 
 1843. 
 
 William B. Harris 
 Daniel M. Railey 
 John W. Gantt 
 James Harris 
 
 James R. Watson 
 
 Charles Wingfield 
 John Coles Carter 
 John D. Moon 
 William S. Dabney 
 John A. G. Davis 
 
 W. C. Nicholas 
 Thomas Macon 
 Thomas Garland 
 Gabriel S. Harper 
 William C. Adams 
 William D. Hart 
 
 M. L(. Anderson 
 John W. Goss 
 M. L,. Walker 
 
 Nicholas M. Page 
 John Tyler 
 Alouzo Gooch 
 James W. Goss 
 
 Thomas C. Bowen 
 Thomas R. Dunn 
 William F. Gooch 
 D. J. Hartsook 
 
HISTORY OP ALBBMAELE 
 
 379 
 
 1846. 
 
 Benj. F. Randolph 
 Robert B. Moon 
 John E. Roberts 
 
 Austin M. Appling 
 Marcus Durrett 
 James E. Chapman 
 
 The following- were recommended, but not appointed, as the new 
 Constitution, about to go into effect, made the ofBce elective. 
 
 18S0. 
 
 Stokes Tunstall 
 James Durrett 
 William W. Minor 
 Samuel G. Burnley 
 Edwin B. Brown 
 Carter H. Page 
 
 ATTORNBYS FOR 
 
 1745. Edmund Gray 
 
 1746. Gideon Marr 
 1783. John "Walker 
 1801. Dabney Carr 
 
 1811. Joseph J. Monroe 
 
 1812. William F. Gordon 
 1813.. Jesse W. Garth 
 
 1818. Jonathan Boucher Carr 
 
 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 
 174S. 
 
 Joseph Thompson 
 
 1807. 
 
 1747. 
 
 Edwin Hickman 
 
 1809. 
 
 1749. 
 
 Charles Il^ynch 
 
 1811. 
 
 17S1. 
 
 James Daniel 
 
 1813. 
 
 17S3. 
 
 Samuel Jordan 
 
 1815. 
 
 17SS. 
 
 John Reid 
 
 1817. 
 
 1757. 
 
 John Hunter 
 
 1819. 
 
 
 Nicholas L,ewis 
 
 1819. 
 
 
 David Rodes 
 
 1821. 
 
 
 John Henderson 
 
 1823. 
 
 1781. 
 
 James Quarles 
 
 1825. 
 
 1783. 
 
 Clifton Rodes 
 
 1828. 
 
 1785. 
 
 John Marks 
 
 1830. 
 
 1787. 
 
 George Gilmer 
 
 1832. 
 
 1789. 
 
 Michael Thomas 
 
 1834. 
 
 1791. 
 
 James Garland 
 
 1836. 
 
 1793. 
 
 James Kerr 
 
 1837. 
 
 1795. 
 
 John Key 
 
 1839. 
 
 1797. 
 
 William Hughes 
 
 1841. 
 
 1799. 
 
 Samuel Murrell 
 
 1843. 
 
 James C. Carter 
 Paul H. Goodloe 
 James ly. Dunn 
 R. W. N. Noland 
 John T. Randolph 
 
 THB COMMONWEAI,TH. 
 
 1829. Valentine W. Southall 
 1852. William J. Robertson 
 1858. R. T. W. Duke 
 
 1865. Egbert R. Watson 
 
 1866. R. T. W. Duke 
 
 1869. William F. Worthington 
 
 1870. R. T. W. Duke 
 1870. Mica j ah Woods 
 
 Thomas Garth 
 Tandy Key 
 Rice Garland 
 Charles B. Hunton 
 Benjamin Harris 
 Robert Davis 
 Charles Wingfield Jr. 
 Marshall Durrett 
 Charles Yancey 
 Achilles Douglass 
 John Watson 
 William D. Meriwether 
 Garrett White 
 John Rodes 
 Parmenas Rogers 
 Micajah Woods 
 William Woods, S. 
 Francis Carr 
 Charles Brown 
 James Michie 
 
380 
 
 HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLB 
 
 1801. William D. Meriwether 
 1803. William Michie 
 1805. Bezaleel Brown 
 
 184S. Benjamin Ficklin 
 1847. Richard Duke 
 1849. Thomas H. Brown 
 1851. Charles Cocke 
 
 1792. George Bruce 
 
 1851. Washington Chiles 
 
 1801. Thomas Wells 
 
 1855. William C. Walstrum 
 
 1806. Triplett T. Estes 
 
 1856. Orange S. Peterson 
 
 1810. Elijah Garth 
 
 1859. Allen Bacon 
 
 1811. William Watson 
 
 1870. William C. Walstrum 
 
 1828. Joel W. Brown 
 
 1875. Allen Bacon 
 
 1832. William Watson 
 
 1879. William G. Wright 
 
 1841. James A. Watson 
 
 1885. John G. Martin 
 
 1849. William Summerson 
 
 
 ATTORNBYS OF THB AI<BBMARI,B BAR. 
 
 
 1745. 
 
 Edmund Gray 
 
 Clement Read 
 
 Gideon Marr 
 
 Thomas Prestwood 
 
 James Meredith 
 
 Obadiah Marriott 
 
 William Battersby 
 
 John Harvie 
 
 1783. 
 
 John Walker 
 Thomas Miller 
 W. Sidney Crawford 
 George Nicholas 
 John Breckinridge 
 
 John Rice Kerr 
 Robert Ware Peacock 
 William Waller Hening 
 Peter Carr 
 Walter L,eake 
 
 WilUam Wirt 
 James McCampbell 
 Fleming Payne 
 
 Joseph Holt Irvin 
 Austin I,eake 
 Matthew Gooch 
 Jesse Wharton 
 
 Charles Jouett 
 
 1791. 
 
 1794. 
 
 1796. 
 
 1798. 
 
 Robert Jouett 
 John Allen 
 William McDowell 
 John Carr 
 
 John Shackelford 
 Joseph J. Monroe 
 David Bullock 
 Alexander Stuart 
 Richard Bruce 
 
 James Barbour Jr. 
 William Cabell 
 
 Dabney Carr 
 Reuben Thornton 
 Samuel I*. Crawford 
 
 George Poindexter 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 3^1 
 
 Philip Gooch 
 "Williain t,ee Harris 
 David Michie 
 
 James G. WaddeU 
 Joseph Ferguson 
 Frederick Harris 
 Richard C. Johnson 
 Robert Michie 
 David Watson 
 Benjamin Brown 
 William Buckner 
 Francis Johnson 
 Patrick Rose 
 
 Robert Anderson 
 Thomas T. Jones 
 Thomas R. Whitlock 
 John S. Wood 
 Clifton Garland 
 
 Henry White 
 John M. Martin 
 William Taylor 
 Jonathan B. Carr 
 James Forbes 
 John Timberlake 
 
 Archibald Austin 
 Valentine W. Southall 
 Briscoe G. Baldwin 
 
 George Booker 
 John Iv. Marye 
 Charles Downing 
 
 Augustine G. Monroe 
 Francis B. Dyer 
 
 William H. Meriwether 
 Joseph M. White 
 James Barbour 
 James H. Simison 
 
 1800. 
 
 1806. 
 
 William Aylett 
 Thomas Clark 
 
 William W. Irvin 
 William Clark 
 Isaac A. Coles 
 Thomas W. Maury 
 Hugh Nelson 
 Philip P. Barbour 
 Hudson M. Garland 
 Peachy R. Gilmer 
 Edward C. Stanard 
 William White 
 
 Robert Mallory 
 Robert Garland 
 James Garland 
 Henry T. Harris 
 
 1809. 
 
 1813. 
 
 1815. 
 
 1817. 
 
 1820. 
 
 William F. Gordon 
 James Crawford 
 Jesse Winston Garth 
 John S. Barbour 
 John N. Nicholas 
 
 Garrett M. Quarles 
 Walter L,. Fontaine 
 Richard H. Field 
 
 William Kinney 
 Thomas Clark 
 
 Rice Garland Jr. 
 Edward J. Magruder 
 
 John Ormond 
 David Irvin 
 William C. Rives 
 George Carr 
 
382 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Chapman Johnson 
 Rice W. Wood 
 Graudison Moseley 
 Franklin Stanard 
 John Wilson 
 Thomas W. Gilmer 
 George M. Payne 
 Daniel G. Morrell 
 Bdgar Macon 
 
 Chesley Kinney 
 Peyton Harrison 
 Hugh P. Taylor 
 Robert S. Brooke 
 Thomas J. Michie 
 Alexander Clayton 
 Nicholas P. Trist 
 Eston Stanard 
 Alexander Rives 
 
 John W. C. Watson 
 Ivucian Minor 
 William B. Napton 
 Egbert R. Watson 
 Thomas Wood 
 William D. Hart 
 John Forbes Jr. 
 John T. Craig 
 Alexander Moseley 
 Hugh A. Garland 
 Peachy R. Grattan 
 William Tompkins 
 
 James L,. Gordon 
 Hudson S. Garland 
 John Hill 
 Franklin Minor 
 William W. Minor 
 Benj. J. Darueille 
 Peter Carr 
 
 Thomas T. Hill 
 George W. Randolph 
 Stephen O. Southall 
 
 1825. 
 
 John B. Spiece 
 Joseph Mills Jr. 
 William McCord Jr. 
 Thomas C. Gordon 
 George Robertson 
 Thomas G. Garth 
 William Kingsley 
 William R. Mills 
 William Wertenbaker 
 
 Calvin L. Perry 
 Thomas J. Boyd 
 James W. Saunders 
 Robert H. Carter 
 Daniel Perrow 
 Benjamin H. Magruder 
 Wilson M. Cary 
 Nathaniel Wolfe 
 
 1830. 
 
 Sterling Claiborne 
 
 James P. Henderson 
 
 Burwell Garth 
 
 John C. R. Taylor 
 
 John H. Gilmer 
 
 William H. Brockenbrough 
 
 John W. Stevenson 
 
 William M. Randolph 
 
 James I*. Carr 
 
 John B. Minor 
 
 Thomas L*. Preston 
 
 183S. 
 
 1840. 
 
 William O. Maupin 
 Hiram W. Dawson 
 Shelton F. Eeake 
 James C. Halsall 
 Angus R. Blakey 
 Allen B. Magruder 
 
 William J. Robertson 
 R. W. N. Noland 
 Paul H. Goodloe 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMAEIvE 
 
 383 
 
 George W. Trueheart 
 Smith P. Bankhead 
 Eugene Davis 
 
 J. D. Imboden 
 Clayton C. Harris 
 Francis W. Rives 
 William C. Rives Jr. 
 Reuben ly. Gordon 
 William J. Shelton 
 Robert W. Poore 
 John L,. Cochran 
 
 R. T. W. Duke 
 William F. Gordon Jr. 
 James D. Jones 
 
 John B. Gilmer 
 John S. Mosby 
 William H. Crank 
 John B. Peyton 
 
 184S. 
 
 Drury Wood 
 Thomas T. Tutwiler 
 John R. Tucker 
 
 Alexander H. Michie 
 William M. Wade 
 Roger A. Pryor 
 N. H. Massie 
 St. George Tucker 
 William T. McCarty 
 James C. Southall 
 
 R. R. Prentis 
 Joel Miller 
 Thomas, S. Martin 
 
 John B. Moon 
 Howe Y. Peyton 
 George Perkins 
 Ivouis T. Hanckel 
 Bennett Taylor 
 W. K. Bibb 
 Jefferson R. Taylor 
 W. O. Fry 
 
 Thomas N. Page 
 W. H. Boaz 
 Walter D. Dabney 
 
 James Blakey 
 Samuel B. Woods 
 James T,. Gordon 
 
 William M. Lile 
 C. D. Shackelford 
 
 1850. 
 
 18SS. 
 
 S. V. Southall 
 Burwell W. Snead 
 William M. Morris 
 
 Isaac A. Moon 
 George P. Hughes 
 M. L,. Randolph 
 
 18S9. 
 Charles Wood 
 
 186S. 
 
 1870. 
 
 187S. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Mica j ah Woods 
 Camm Patterson 
 James G. Field 
 
 T. L,. Michie 
 
 J. W. Fitz 
 
 J. R. Wingfield 
 
 J. M. McBryde 
 
 Robert Sampson 
 
 R. T. W. Duke Jr. 
 
 Shelton F. Leake Jr. 
 
 Robert H. Wood 
 Frank Gilmer 
 George W. Morris 
 
 Z. J. Blakey 
 
 J. Samuel McCue 
 
 Daniel Harmon 
 
 F. A. Massie 
 
384 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 7. 
 
 Representatives of Albemarle in the House of Burgesses, and I^eg- 
 islature. 
 
 1748. Charles L,ynch 
 1VS5. Peter Jefferson 
 
 1756. Peter Jefferson, Allen Howard 
 
 1757. John Nicholas, William Cabell 
 
 1758. John Nicholas, William Cabell 
 
 1759. Allen Howard, William Cabell Jr. 
 1761. Allen Howard, William Cabell Jr. 
 1765. John Harvie 
 
 1767. Thomas Walker, Edward Carter 
 
 1768. Thomas Walker, Edward Carter 
 
 1769. Thomas Walker, Edward Carter 
 
 1770. Thomas Walker, Thomas Jefferson 
 
 1771. Thomas Walker, Thomas Jefferson 
 
 1772. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker 
 
 1773. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker 
 
 1774. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker 
 
 1775. Thomas Jefferson, John Walker 
 1777. Thomas Jefferson, Charles I^ewis 
 1779. Thomas Jefferson, Georg'e Gilmer 
 
 1785. W. C. Nicholas, Edward Carter 
 
 1786. W. C. Nicholas, Joshua Fry 
 1788. George Nicholas, Edward Carter 
 1793. William Clark, Edward Moore 
 
 1795. W. C. Nicholas, Edward Moore 
 
 1796. W. C. Nicholas, Edward Moore 
 
 1797. W. C. Nicholas, Joseph J. Monroe 
 
 1798. W. C. Nicholas, Francis Walker 
 1800. W. C. Nicholas, Francis Walker 
 
 1805. Walter L,eake, W. W. Hening 
 
 1806. W. W. Hening-, Joel Yancey 
 
 1808. Hugh Nelson, Peter Carr 
 
 1809. Hugh Nelson, Rice Garland 
 
 1811. James Monroe, Tucker Coles 
 
 1812. Nimrod Bramham 
 1814. Charles Everett, Jesse W. Garth 
 1816. Thomas W. Maury, Charles Yancey 
 
 1818. Dabney Minor, Jesse W. Garth 
 
 1819. Samuel Carr, William F. Gordon 
 
 1820. William F. Gordon, Charles Everett 
 
 1821. Charles Everett, Charles Cocke 
 
 1822. William F. Gordon, William C. Rives 
 
 1824. William F. Gordon, T. M. Randolph 
 
 1825. William F. Gordon, Rice W. Wood 
 
 SBNATB. 
 William Cabell 
 William Cabell 
 Joseph Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Nicholas Cabell 
 Charles Yancey 
 William B. Hare 
 William B, Hare 
 William B. Hare 
 Joseph C. Cabell 
 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 Joseph C. 
 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 Cabell 
 
HISTORY OF AtBBMARLE 
 
 385 
 
 826. William ^. Gordon, Rice "W. Wood 
 
 827. William F. Gordon, Charles Cocke 
 
 828. William F. Gordon, Charles Cocke 
 
 829. William F. Gordon, Hug-h Nelson 
 
 830. Thomas W. Gilmer, Rice W. Wood 
 
 831. Thomas W. Gilmer, Rice W. Wood 
 
 832. Rice W. Wood, Thomas J. Randolph 
 
 833. Thomas J. Randolph, T. W. Gilmer 
 835. Thomas J. Randolph, Alexander Rives Charles Cocke 
 837. Thomas J. Randolph, Alexander Rives Samuel Carr 
 
 Joseph C. Cabell 
 Joseph C. Cabell 
 Joseph C. Cabell 
 Joseph C. Cabell 
 William F. Gordon 
 Charles Cocke 
 Charles Cocke 
 Charles Cocke 
 
 839. Thomas W. Gilmer, V. W. Southall 
 
 840. Thomas W. Gilmer, V. W. Southall 
 .841. V. W. Southall, Isaac A. Coles 
 
 842. V. W. Southall, Isaac A. Coles 
 
 843. T. J. Randolph, Shelton F. Leake 
 
 844. V. W. Southall, Bezaleel Brown 
 
 845. V. W. Southall, Bezaleel Brown 
 .846. V. W. Southall, Bezaleel Brown 
 847. Bezaleel Brown, William D. Hart 
 .848. William D. Hart, Fg-bert R. Watson 
 .849. William D. Hart, Fg-bert R. Watson 
 .851. John J. Bowcock, Charles Carter 
 .853. Alexander Rives 
 .854. John W. Goss, James W. Mason 
 L855. John W. Goss 
 
 L856. Thomas Wood, William T. Early 
 1857. Thomas Wood, William T. Early 
 L858. John J. Bowcock, Benj. H. Mag-ruder 
 
 1859. John J. Bowcock, Benj. H. Magruder 
 
 1860. Benj. H. Magruder, William Garth 
 
 1863. Benj. H. Mag-ruder, Franklin Minor 
 
 1864. Benj, H. Mag-ruder, William A. Branch William D. Hart 
 
 1865. Benj. H. Magruder, William A. Branch William D. Hart 
 
 1866. John Wood Jr., William A. Turner James Gait 
 
 1867. John Wood Jr., William A. Turner James Gait 
 
 1868. John Wood Jr., William A. Turner James Gait 
 1870-1. S. V. Southall, J. C. Hill, J. D. Jones Robert C. Beazley 
 1872-3. J. C. Hill, G. B. Stephetts, J. A. Early Robert C. Beazley 
 1874-5. ^^i. H. Magruder, John E. Mas- Robert C. Beazley 
 
 sey, Richard G. Crank 
 1876-7. JohnE. Massey, Richard G. Crank 
 
 Thomas M. Dunn 
 1878-9. Richard G. Crank, T. L,- Michie, 
 
 J. Massie Smith 
 1880-1. R. T. W. Duke, T. L,. Michie 
 1882-3. Thomas M. Dunn, John B. Moon 
 
 Samuel Carr 
 Charles Cocke 
 Charles Cocke 
 Charles Cocke 
 Charles Cocke 
 John Thompson Jr. 
 John Thompson Jr. 
 John Thompson Jr. 
 John Thompson Jr. 
 John Thompson Jr. 
 John Thompson Jr. 
 John Thompson Jr. 
 Egbert R. Watson 
 Benj. P. Randolph 
 Benj. F. Randolph 
 Benj. F. Randolph 
 Benj. F. Randolph 
 Alexander Rives 
 Alexander Rives 
 Alexander Rives 
 William D. Hart 
 
 Robert C. Beazley 
 John E. Massey 
 
 Everett T. Early 
 J. R. Wingfield 
 
 -25 
 
386 HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 8. 
 Emigrants from Albemarle to Other States. 
 
 NORTH CAROI<INA. 
 
 Samuel Bell, Orange Co. 
 
 Alexander Montg-omery, Orange Co. 
 
 John Wright, Orange Co. 
 
 John Campbell, Orange Co. 
 
 Obadiah Martin, Orange Co. 
 
 Josiah and Martha (Daniel) Brown, Orange Co. 
 
 James Glenn, Surry Co. 
 
 ■William Burrus, Surry Co. 
 
 David Nowlin, Surry Co. 
 
 Samuel and John Boyd, Surry Co. 
 
 Robert Harris, Surry Co. 
 
 Thomas Burrus, Surry Co. 
 
 William Bruce, Surry Co. 
 
 Davis and Elizabeth Durrett, Surry Co. 
 
 Samuel and William Stockton, Rutherford Co. 
 
 Ann (lyewis) Willis, Rutherford Co. 
 
 David I/ewis Jr., Rutherford Co. 
 
 Eli and Daniel Melton, Rutherford Co. 
 
 William and Mary (Melton) Jones, Rutherford Co. 
 
 William T. Ivewis, Wilkes Co. 
 
 John Ham.man, Wilkes Co. 
 
 Robert Ayres, Wilkes Co. 
 
 Richard Blalock, Cumberland Co. 
 
 John Geer, Johnson Co. 
 
 John Graves, Rowan Co. 
 
 Henry Tilley 
 
 Thomas Carlton 
 
 Joseph Phillips 
 
 Churchill Jackson, Burke Co. 
 
 Matthew Mills, Guilford Co. 
 
 Jesse Gentry, Washington Co. 
 
 David and Susan Dalton, Stokes Co. 
 
 Micajah and Elizabeth Allen, Stokes Co. 
 
 Rice Garland Jr., Iveakesville. 
 
 Nancy (Daniel) Graves, Caswell Co. 
 
 Samuel Daniel, Granville Co. 
 
 Thomas D. Burch, Wake Co. 
 
 James K. Burch, Wake Co. 
 
 David S. Napier, Walker Co. 
 
 GBORGIA. 
 
 John Thornton, Augusta Co. 
 James and John Marks, Wilkes Co. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 387 
 
 Richard and Daniel Harvie, Wilkes Co. 
 
 William and Judith (Cosby) Harvie, Wilkes Co. 
 
 John and Margaret (Harvie) Davenport, Wilkes Co. 
 
 David and Mary (Harvie) Meriwether, Wilkes Co. 
 
 Richard and Jane (L,ewis) Davenport, Wilkes Co. 
 
 John and Mary (Davidson) Forlaw, Washington Co. 
 
 Fleming Jordan, Oglethorpe Co. 
 
 Thomas Kennerly 
 
 William Spears 
 
 Mary Taylor 
 
 William B. and Mourning (Clark) Key, Elbert Co. 
 
 John Hamner, Wilkes Co. 
 
 Jeremiah Hamner, Greene Co. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 John and Elizabeth (Lewis) Martin, Fayette Co. 
 
 John and Mary (Cabell) Breckinridge, Fayette Co. 
 
 Vincent and Mary (Rozell) Stephens, Fayette Co. 
 
 John T. and Lucy Hawkins, Fayette Co. 
 
 Charles and Dorcas (Black) Patrick, Fayette Co. 
 
 Samuel Hughes Woodson, Jessamine Co. 
 
 Nathan Dedman, Jessamine Co. 
 
 Michael and Ann Wallace, Madison Co. 
 
 William Briscoe, Madison Co. 
 
 Thomas Collins, Madison Co. 
 
 Fvan and Lucy (Coleman) Watson, Madison Co. 
 
 Daniel and Frances Maupin, Madison Co. 
 
 Robert Rodes, Madison Co. 
 
 Richard and Jane (Harris) Gentry, Madison Co. 
 
 Josiah and Nancy (MuUins) Gentry, Madison Co. 
 
 Austin Gentry, Madison Co. 
 
 Edward and Elizabeth (Gentry) Ballard, Madison Co. 
 
 Bernard Franklin, Madison Co. 
 
 Henry and Elizabeth (Ewell) Carr, Madison Co. 
 
 James Goodman, Madison Co. 
 
 John Mansfield, Madison Co. 
 
 Charles Atkisson, Madison Co. 
 
 Samuel Wallace, Madison Co. 
 
 Thomas and Nancy Kindred, Madison Co. 
 
 William Kindred, Madison Co. 
 
 Ephraim and Winifred Musick, Madison Co. 
 
 Archibald and Mourning (Shelton) Woods, Madison Co. 
 
 Richard and Elizabeth (Shelton) Mobbery, Madison Co. 
 
 Joshua Morris, Shelby Co. 
 
 William and Charity (Burgher) Hays, Shelby Co. 
 
 Joseph Hornsby, Shelby Co. 
 
388 HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 
 
 Elizabeth {L,ewis) Henderson's family, Shelby Co. 
 
 Flint H. Goodridge, Shelby Co. 
 
 Barzillai Brown, Shelby Co. 
 
 Nathaniel Hagg-ard, Clark Co. 
 
 Dabne3' and Liucy Haggard, Clark Co. 
 
 Robert Grimes, Clark Co. 
 
 Hastings Marks, Clark Co. 
 
 John W. and Elizabeth (Marks) Hinde, Clark Co. 
 
 James and Benajah Gentry, Clark Co. 
 
 Charles and Jane (Ivewis) Hudson, Barren Co. 
 
 Hardin Davis, Barren Co. 
 
 Joel and Martha (Rodes) Yancey, Barren Co. 
 
 "Walter Crenshaw, Barren Co. 
 
 Elizabeth W. Watts, Barren Co. 
 
 Elijah and Benjamin Davis, Barren Co. 
 
 Jonathan and Susan (Wood) Boiling, Barren Co. 
 
 William J. and Elizabeth Wood, Barren Co. 
 
 John and Elizabeth (Wood) Clack, Barren Co. 
 
 Bennett H. Henderson, Barren Co. 
 
 Clifton and Elizabeth (Jouett) Rodes, Barren Co. 
 
 David and Elizabeth (Crenshaw) Watts, Barren Co. 
 
 Samuel and Susan Murrell, Barren Co. 
 
 James and Martha (Humphreys) Eoster, Barren Co. 
 
 Cornelius and Sarah Gilliam, Barren Co. 
 
 James and Mary (Garland) Woods, Garrard Co. 
 
 Thomas Rothwell, Garrard Co. 
 
 George and Jane (Newcomb) Naylor, Garrard Co. 
 
 Asa and Elizabeth (Naylor) Storms, Garrard Co. 
 
 Pleasant Sandridge, Green Co. 
 
 John and Mary (Wood) Sandridge, Green Co. 
 
 Peter A. and Eucinda Hall, Green Co. 
 
 Garnett and Harriet (Smith) Ingram, Green Co. 
 
 Thomas J. Smith, Green Co. 
 
 Burton W. Carr, Green Co. 
 
 James and Susan Page, Adair Co. 
 
 Robert and Maria Page, Adair Co. 
 
 Samuel and Mary (Smith) Page, Adair Co. 
 
 Sherod and Mary (Page) Griffin, Adair Co. 
 
 Burgess and Jane (Page) Griffin, Adair Co. 
 
 John P. and Elizabeth Smith, Adair Co. 
 
 John and Mary (Smith) Massie, Adair Co. 
 
 John and Rebecca Terrell, Greenup Co. 
 
 Henry Gaines, Greenup Co. 
 
 John and Sarah Garth, Scott Co. 
 
 John Herndon, Scott Co. 
 
 William Kerr, Scott Co. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 389 
 
 Joseph and Mary (Rodes) Burch, Scott Co. 
 
 John and Rachel Sharp, Henry Co. 
 
 Isaac and Susan (Fitz) Sharp, Henry Co. 
 
 John and Frances (Sharp) Kelly, Henry Co. 
 
 James and Catharine (Goodridg-e) Burton, Henry Co. 
 
 William Clarkson, Bourbon Co. 
 
 Kenza and Sarah (Watts) Stone, Bourbon Co. 
 
 James Stone, Bourbon Co. 
 
 Elizabeth and Moses Brockman, Boone Co. 
 
 John Rog-ers, Boone Co. 
 
 Elijah L(Ucas, Boone Co. 
 
 William DoUins, Boone Co. 
 
 Isaac Wood, Hardin Co. 
 
 John Davidson, Hardin Co. 
 
 Reuben and George Turner, Pendleton Co. 
 
 Isaac and Mary (L,ewis) Miller, Jefferson Co. 
 
 Temple and Ann (Marks) Gwathmey, Jefferson Co. 
 
 Richard and Harriet (Beale) Maupin, Jefferson Co. 
 
 Nathaniel G. Carr, Jefferson Co. 
 
 Robert and Mary (Rodes) Douglass, Jefferson Co. 
 
 Moses J. and Matilda Moore, Jefferson Co. 
 
 Henry and George Garrett, Montgomery Co. 
 
 John and Martha (Key) White, Montgomery Co. 
 
 Ulisha D. and I,ucy (Wood) Gilliam, Christian Co. 
 
 Mildred E'lint, Christian Co. 
 
 Tandy Brockman, Christian Co. 
 
 Jesse Grady, Christian Co. 
 
 Samuel Hopkins, Christian Co. 
 
 Dr. Alfred Wood's family. Christian Co; 
 
 William and Martha (Moon) Vires, Mason Co. 
 
 Giles and Janet (Boyd) AUegre, Mason Co. 
 
 John B. Wheeler, Mason Co. 
 
 Charles McGehee, Mason Co. 
 
 John Jouett, Bath Co. 
 
 Abraham and Mildred (Burrus) Jones, Bath Co. 
 
 Thomas Burrus, Allen Co. 
 
 John and Frances (Henderson) Hiues, Allen Co. 
 
 William T. Henderson, Allen Co. 
 
 Nicholas Burgher, Estill Co. 
 
 William and Arthur Tooley, Monroe Co. 
 
 James and Elizabeth (Tooley) Gentry, Monroe Co. 
 
 Thomas and Nancy (Old) Eubank, Monroe Co. 
 
 David and Dorothy (Rodes) Kerr, Warren Co. 
 
 Joseph Burgher, Warren Co. 
 
 William Wood Jr., Warren Co. 
 
 Josiah and Jane Huntsman, Eincoln Co. 
 
390 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Sarah (Wood) Gooch, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Fontaine Reynolds, l/incoln Co. 
 
 Robert and Agatha (Twyman) Dearing-, Franklin Co. 
 
 Travis and Elizabeth (Carver) Brown, Franklin Co. 
 
 Joseph M. White, Franklin Co. 
 
 Moses and Ann (Dedmau) Clack, Fleming Co. 
 
 Samuel Burch's family, Fleming Co. 
 
 James and IvUcy Fitzpatrick, Casey Co. 
 
 George and Mary Fitzpatrick, Pulaski Co. 
 
 James W. and Mary (Kinsolving) X,eigh, Caldwell Co. 
 
 James and Margaret (Brown) Kinsolving, Caldwell Co. 
 
 Matthew Gooch, Caldwell Co. 
 
 John Thomas, Cumberland Co. 
 
 Jesse and Elizabeth (Hopkins) Haden, Cumberland Co. 
 
 John and Ann (Bailey) Gilliam, L,ogan Co. 
 
 John N. Hopkins, Logan Co. 
 
 Bennett D. Ballard, Todd Co. 
 
 Paschal and Catharine (Wayt) Garth, Todd Co. 
 
 Wilson Munday, Todd Co. 
 
 Thomas Kimbrough, Todd Co. 
 
 Thomas and Lucy (Carver) Broadhead, Todd Co. 
 
 Thomas and Margaret Gay, Washington Co. 
 
 Reuben and Jane Dowell, Wayne Co. 
 
 Rodes Garth, Wayiie Co. 
 
 John and Mary Burks, Grant Co. 
 
 William and Joanna (Shepherd) Woods, Livingston Co. 
 
 David Woods, Livingston Co. 
 
 Henry and Susan (Woods) Williams, Livingston Co. 
 
 Ann M. and Martha C. Lewis, Livingston Co. 
 
 Washington and Lucy (Lewis) Griffin, Livingston Co. 
 
 William Jones, Livingston Co. 
 
 William Carver, Livingston Co. 
 
 William and Nancy Cunningham, Trigg Co. 
 
 William and Mildred (Rodes) Walden, Trigg Co. 
 
 David J. and Martha Lewis, Breckinridge Co. 
 
 Jacob and Ann (Shelton) Powers, Harrison Co. 
 
 Anderson Garland's family, Lewis Co. 
 
 Reuben and Lucy Clarksou, Meade Co. 
 
 David Thomson, Woodford Co. 
 
 Goodloe and Mary (Crenshaw) Carter, Woodford Co. 
 
 David and Ruth (Twyman) Watts, Woodford Co. 
 
 Joshua and Peachy (Walker) Fry, Boyle Co. 
 
 John and Ann (Rodes) Garth 
 
 Thomas Upton 
 
 George and Mary (Smith) Nicholas 
 
 Clifton and Sarah (Waller) Rodes 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLB 39] 
 
 Josiah and Hannah Wallace 
 
 Tucker M. and Maria E. (Hudson) Woodson 
 
 James Kerr 
 
 John Rice and Sarah (Henderson) Kerr 
 
 John Smith 
 
 Robert L,. Slaughter 
 
 Robert Brooks 
 
 Nathan and Mildred (Clarkson) Goodman 
 
 Auselm Clarkson 
 
 Nicholas Li. Gooch 
 
 John and Sarah Mc Williams 
 
 TBNNBSSEB. 
 John Jameson, Bedford Co. 
 Bland Maupin, Bedford Co. 
 Richard Moon Jr., Bledsoe Co. 
 William and Nancy (Alphin) Fagg-, Blount Co. 
 Jane (Alphin) Owen, Blount Co. 
 
 Samuel and Lucinda (Farrar) Wharton, Davidson Co. 
 Georg-e and Elizabeth (Farrar) Wharton, Davidson Co. 
 Jacob and Sarah (I^ewis) Tilman, Davidson Co. 
 Henry Kirby, Davidson Co. 
 Samuel and Austin Hamner, Davidson Co. 
 Edward Stone, Davidson Co. 
 Nathan and Mary Blain, Fayette Co. 
 William N. and Mary (Bates) Oliver, Fayette Co. 
 James and Lucy (Thomas) L,ewis, Franklin Co. 
 James Woods, Franklin Co. 
 Dyer and Mary (Lewis) Moore, Franklin Co. 
 Lawrence T. Catlett, Franklin Co. 
 Tyree Rodes, Giles Co. 
 John Shiflett, Hawkins Co. 
 
 James and Frances (Allen) Wood, Hardeman Co. 
 David and Lucy (Duke) Wood, Hardeman Co. 
 William, George and Fendall Wood, Hardeman Co. 
 Robert and Mary (Wood) Durrett, Hardeman Co. 
 James D. and Martha, (Wood) Allen, Hardeman Co. 
 Fendall and Ann (Royster) Thurman, Hardeman Co. 
 Gideon Carr, Dickson Co. 
 
 Meekins and Mary (Hamner) Carr, Dickson Co. 
 John B. and Susan (Hamner) Carr, Dickson Co. 
 Aaron Gentry, Knox Co. 
 Elijah and Sarah Dowell, Knox Co. 
 Peter Ogg, Knox Co: 
 
 James S. and Frances (Harris) Blades, Madison Co. 
 Isaac B. Hardin, Maury Co. 
 
392 HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLE 
 
 John H. and Calvin M. Smith, Maury Co. 
 
 Nathan Harris, Monroe Co. 
 
 Dr. Charles Meriwether, Montg-omery Co. 
 
 Alexander and Mary W. (Thomas) Clayton, Montgomery Co. 
 
 Nicholas L,. and Ellen Thomas, Montg-omery Co. 
 
 Charles L,. and Marg-aret Thomas, Montgomery Co. 
 
 John J. and Lucy (Quarles) Thomas, Montgomery Co. 
 
 Frances (Thomas) Hart, Montgomery Co. 
 
 Nathaniel Anderson, Memphis 
 
 John and Elizabeth (Burrus) Davis, Overton Co. 
 
 Gideon and Elizabeth (Hardin) Morgan, Roane Co. 
 
 I^ewis C. Anthony, Rutherford Co. 
 
 Strother and John Winn Key, Sumner Co. 
 
 Robert McClary, Sumner Co. 
 
 John Davidson, Sumner Co. 
 
 Thomas Jones, Sumner Co. 
 
 Alexander Duff Gordon, Sumner Co. 
 
 Reuben D. and Robert T. Brown, Sumner Co. 
 
 Micajah Clark, Sumner Co. 
 
 Roland and Nancy Horsley, Summer Co. 
 
 "William and Lucy Nimmo, Sumner Co. 
 
 Thomas Meadow, Sumner Co. 
 
 William and Elizabeth Smith, Sumner Co. 
 
 Abraham Martin, Sumner Co. 
 
 Taverner and Mary (Edwards) Head, Sumner Co. 
 
 Nicholas L. and Ann Wood, Tipton Co. 
 
 Thomas G. Watkins, Washington Co. 
 
 Randolph and Elizabeth Turner, White Co. 
 
 Thomas Carr, Wilson Co. 
 
 John R. and Margaret (McKesson) Campbell, Nashville 
 
 George and Elizabeth (Buster) Moore 
 
 Dr. Eachlan McLean 
 
 Andrew Mc Williams 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Samuel E. Hart, Callaway Co. 
 
 Samuel and Robert Dyer, Callaway Co. 
 
 Thomas McCuUoch, Howard Co. 
 
 D. Douglass, Howard Co. 
 
 Thomas Eitzpatrick, Washington Co. 
 
 Joseph T. Monroe, Franklin Co. 
 
 Edward Blair and Harriet (Monroe) Cabell, Chariton Co. 
 
 John A. and James Woods, Marion Co. 
 
 Samuel and Sarah E. (Rodes) Woods, Marion Co. 
 
 Joel R. Maupin, Marion Co. 
 
 Jonathan A. J. Bishop, Marion Co. 
 
 Rice and Elizabeth Wood, Saline Co. 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 393 
 
 John and Adeline Piper, Saline Co. 
 
 Robert and Nancy Field, Saline Co. 
 
 John A. and Elizabeth (Durrett) Dunkum, Saline Co. 
 
 Benjamin and T. (Pemberton) Durrett, Saline Co. 
 
 Henry and EJlmira Keister, Saline Co. 
 
 EJli and Nancy Keister, Saline Co. 
 
 Samuel Keister, Saline Co. 
 
 Isaac and Elizabeth (Keister) Stone, Boone Co. 
 
 Georg-e and Mary Glenn, Monroe Co. 
 
 Elizabeth (Meriwether) Lewis, Lincoln Co. 
 
 N. H. and Ann (Meriwether) Lewis, Lincoln Co. 
 
 James and Margaret (Lewis) Clark, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Thomas and Emeline (Weimer) Lewis, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Charles and Mary (Quarles) Lewis, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Elizabeth (Lewis) Wells, Lincoln Co. 
 
 John W. and Alice (Lewis) Davis, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Jonathan B. and Barbara (Carr) Carr, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Achilles and Mary (Carr) Broadhead, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Peter and Lydia L. (Lewis) Carr, Lincoln Co. 
 
 John and Julia (Thurmond) Damron, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Boiling- and Mildred Smith, Lincoln Co. 
 
 Elijah and Martha (Gentry) Dawson, Callaway Co. 
 
 William Adams, Jackson Co. 
 
 Pleasant Adams, Clay Co. ^ 
 
 Dawson Adams, Ray Co. 
 
 Joseph Harper, Daviess Co. 
 
 Nathaniel and Langdon Bacon, St. Louis 
 
 Charles W. and Mary (Harrison) Maupin, St. Louis 
 
 Colin Johnson 
 
 John M. and Frances Perry 
 
 Talbot and Eliza (Kelly) Bragg 
 
 William L. Wood 
 
 Crenshaw and Sarah (Austin) White 
 
 John Duggins 
 
 AI<ABAMA. 
 
 Jesse Winston Garth 
 
 Pleasant E. Boyd 
 
 Nimrod and Martha (Hamner) Hendricks, Tuscaloosa 
 
 Nathaniel Ragland, Madison Co. 
 
 Joab Watson, Madison Co. 
 
 Jeremiah Gilliam, Limestone Co. 
 
 John Hudson, Limestone Co. 
 
 John N. Rose, Mobile 
 
 Richard McLeod, Mobile 
 
 Hardin P. Lewis 
 
394 HISTORY OF AIvBEMARLB 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 John and Nancy Dawson 
 Nelson Hardin 
 William and Burr Garland 
 
 John "W. C. and Catharine (Davis) Watson, Holly Spring's 
 William M. Woods's family 
 William and Helen (Alexander) Morris 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Joseph Brand, New Orleans 
 William White, New Orleans 
 Gideon Fitz, St. I^andry 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 William H. Brockenbrough 
 
 Charles Downing 
 
 William and Sarah (Strange) Stockton 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Walter T. Dabney 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 James and Mary (Woods) Garth 
 
 William and Elizabeth (Davis) Irvin, Lancaster 
 
 Thomas Irvin, Lancaster 
 
 Martin and Mildred Dawson, Gallia Co. 
 
 Andrew J. Humphreys, Logan Co. 
 
 John Wiant, Champaign Co. 
 
 John and Sarah Garrison, Preble Co. 
 
 Joseph and Agnes (Garrison) Waggoner, Preble Co. 
 
 John and Frances (Garrison) Trent, Preble Co. 
 
 Christopher and Jacob Bartley, Pickaway Co. 
 
 Peter West, Pickaway Co. 
 
 Daniel and Elizabeth Pence, Pickaway Co. 
 
 Wiley Beckett, Pickaway Co. 
 
 John Mundell, Pickaway Co. 
 
 James H. and Ann (Burnley) Burnley, Pickaway Co. 
 
 Joel Burnley, Pickaway Co. 
 
 John and Elizabeth (Wertenbaker) Walker, Pickaway Co. 
 
 Isaac W. Durrett, Pickaway Co. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 John and Elizabeth (Woods) Humphrey, Parke Co. 
 Jacob and Elizabeth (Sharp) Razor, JefBerson Co. 
 John T. and Mary (Jeffries) Bishop, Dearborn Co. 
 Benjamin and Rachel Norvell, Franklin Co. 
 John DoUins, Harrison Co. 
 Susan (Dollins) Poison, Washington Co. 
 
HISTORY OF AI<BEMARI<E 
 
 395 
 
 ii,r,iisrois. 
 William B. and Nancy (Kinsolving-) Wood, Washington Co. 
 William Iv. and EJUen (Craven) Craven, Morgan Co. 
 Dr. William A. Harris 
 
 Nicholas Meriwether 
 
 Matthew Jouett 
 
 Dharles Hudson 
 
 Richard Damron 
 William Phelps 
 
 Fohn Tooley 
 
 Vndrew Reid 
 
 Vrthur Osborne 
 \.bner Abney 
 Fames Nevell 
 
 Charles Lynch 
 Samuel Birk 
 
 Fames Ireland 
 
 Robert White 
 
 Robert McNeely 
 
 Vrthur McDaniel 
 
 Fames McCann 
 
 Fohn Cocke 
 
 Fames Daniel 
 Davis Stockton 
 
 iVilliam Morrison 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 9. 
 
 NBCEOI,OGY. 
 
 1744. 
 
 174S. 
 Charles Blaney 
 1748. 
 
 1749. 
 Robert Baber 
 
 1750. 
 Robert Hamner 
 
 17S1. 
 Rev. Robert Rose 
 
 1752. 
 Mark Lively 
 Edward Maxwell 
 David Reese 
 
 1753. 
 Andrew Brown 
 Samuel Birk Jr. 
 
 1754. 
 Thomas McDaniel 
 
 1755. ' 
 
 1756. 
 
 1757. 
 Peter Jefferson 
 
 17.58. 
 Henry Martin 
 
 1759. 
 Joseph Thompson 
 
 1760. 
 William Horsley 
 
 1761. 
 Thomas Cobb 
 
 Lazarus Damron 
 
 James Williamson 
 
 Benjamin Franklin 
 
 James Robertson 
 John Henderson 
 
 Thomas Goolsby 
 
 Joshua Fry 
 
 James McCord 
 
396 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Benjamin Brown 
 Michael Woods 
 
 James Kinkead 
 
 William Fitzpatrick 
 David Mills 
 
 Robert Harris 
 Charles Smith 
 
 Michael Dougherty 
 William Wallace 
 
 David Watts 
 
 John Harvie 
 Rev. James Maury 
 
 Edwin Hickman 
 
 Rev. Samuel Black 
 
 John Hammock 
 
 Andrew Mc Williams 
 William Venable 
 
 James Wharey 
 
 Micajah Clark 
 Joseph Kinkead 
 Thomas Tindal 
 
 John Coffey 
 Richard Stockton 
 
 James Mayo 
 William Harris 
 John Moran 
 
 George Martin 
 William Garland 
 
 1762. 
 Joseph Martin 
 William Mabe 
 
 1763. 
 L(arkin Smith 
 
 1764. 
 Peter I^yon 
 Abraham Childress 
 
 1765. 
 Joseph Thompson 
 
 1766. 
 Arthur Hopkins 
 Thomas Sowell 
 
 1767. 
 Timothy Dalton 
 
 1768. 
 John Hudson 
 
 1769. 
 Matthew Jordan 
 
 1770. 
 Rev. John Ramsay 
 
 1771. 
 Archelaus Carver 
 
 1772. 
 Nicholas Meriwether 
 
 1773. 
 Mrs. Mary Fry 
 
 1774. 
 Thomas Goolsby 
 Hugh Rice Morris 
 Richard Dalton 
 
 177S. 
 Patrick Napier 
 Rev. Samuel Leake 
 
 1776. 
 Reuben Terrell 
 Giles AUegre 
 
 1777. 
 John Michie 
 John Wood 
 
 Alexander McKillecat 
 Philip Joyner 
 
 Thomas Sowell 
 
 John McCord 
 
 Samuel Arnold 
 Robert L,ewis 
 
 Obadiah Moore 
 
 David Thompson 
 Charles Smith 
 Terisha Turner 
 
 Joseph Huckstep 
 Joel Terrell 
 
 John Rodes 
 William Blackwell 
 
 John Watts 
 Alexander Cleveland 
 
 Jeremiah White 
 
HISTORY OF ALBEMARLB 
 
 397 
 
 Richard Flint 
 John Fry 
 
 Thomas Hughes 
 
 1778. 
 Henry Head 
 Robert Thompson 
 
 1779. 
 Col. Charles L,ewis 
 
 Christopher Shepherd Tucker Woodson Jr. 
 John Woodson Nicholas Gentry 
 
 1780. 
 William lyewis 
 
 1781. 
 James Tooley 
 
 1782. 
 Edmund Massie 
 
 1783. 
 Silas Melton 
 William Dalton 
 
 1784. 
 William Watson 
 Samuel Woods 
 
 178S. 
 John Moore 
 Robert Bain 
 
 1786. 
 John Hunton 
 
 1787. 
 Nicholas Caine 
 Thomas Moorman 
 
 1788. 
 Samuel Jam.eson 
 Henry Washington 
 
 1789. 
 Claude de L,a Cour 
 George Murrell 
 Jeremiah Yancey 
 
 1790. 
 John Fortune 
 William McCord 
 
 Daniel Ferguson 
 John Ballard 
 
 James Garland Jr. 
 James Defoe 
 
 Charles L,ewis Jr. 
 Thomas Burch 
 
 Samuel Bowcock 
 Thomas Smith 
 Nathan Woods 
 
 John McCord 
 Richard Durrett 
 
 Thomas Johnson 
 Oliver Cleveland 
 William Hamuer 
 
 Benjamin Colvard 
 John Cleveland 
 
 Callum Bailey 
 John Henderson 
 John Dalton 
 
 William Hamner 
 Daniel Maupin 
 Thomas Smith 
 
 John Eubank 
 James Kerr Jr. 
 John Spencer 
 
 Thomas Emerson 
 Isham Lewis 
 James Reid 
 
 Henry Randolph 
 
 David Lewis 
 Samuel Brockman 
 
 Manus Burgher 
 Thomas Ballard 
 James Michie 
 
 Thomas Stockton 
 William Via 
 
 Tucker Woodson 
 
 Andrew Wallace 
 George Douglass 
 
 Thomas Salmon 
 
 Thomas Fitzpatrick 
 Richard Sharp 
 
 Andrew Leake 
 William Harris 
 
 William Gregg 
 William Shelton 
 Charles Turner 
 
 Martin Hackett 
 William Reynolds 
 
398 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARIvE 
 
 John Henderson 
 James Minor 
 David Anderson 
 
 Edward Carter 
 John Dunn 
 John Bailey 
 
 Richard Davenport 
 Charles Irving 
 Samuel Shelton 
 
 Gideon Carr 
 David Rodes 
 James Travillian 
 Joshua Grady 
 
 Henry Foster 
 Valentine Wood Jr. 
 Peter Marks 
 
 Samuel Gay 
 James Coleman 
 John Newcomb 
 Philemon Snell 
 
 Obadiah Britt 
 Hugh Alexander 
 L,eonard Drumheller 
 
 Alexander McKinzie 
 Samuel Taliaferro 
 Charles Rodes 
 
 Micajah Chiles 
 James Jones Jr. 
 Thomas Massie 
 Peter Davie 
 
 Thomas Bell 
 William Moon 
 William Clark 
 William Thurmond 
 
 1791. 
 Benjamin Huntsman 
 John Woods 
 Robert Greening 
 
 1792. 
 Thomas Martin 
 James Harris 
 
 1793. 
 Nathaniel Garland 
 Orlando Jones 
 Bennett Henderson 
 
 1794. 
 John Henderson 
 Giles Rogers 
 Thomas Walker 
 Christopher Harris 
 
 1795. 
 John McCuUoch 
 John Clarkson 
 George Gilmer 
 
 1796. 
 Robert Jouett 
 Nathan Barksdale 
 Thomas Grayson 
 
 1797. 
 James Minor 
 James Harris 
 Nathaniel Watkins 
 
 1798. 
 John Pritchett 
 John Simms 
 Nelson Thomson 
 
 1799. 
 David Epperson 
 Robert W. Wheeler 
 Thomas Jones 
 Patrick Michie 
 
 1800. 
 Maxey Ewell 
 James Suddarth 
 Bernard Brown 
 John Childress 
 
 Martin Key 
 Thomas Smith 
 
 John Gilliam 
 Joseph Morton 
 
 Stephen Hughes 
 Joel Perkins 
 Nicholas Hamner 
 
 Gabriel Maupin 
 John Shiflett 
 Thomas West 
 Bradley Berry 
 
 William Dowell 
 Giles Tompkins 
 
 William Gooch 
 William Barksdale 
 John Slaughter 
 
 Charles Patrick 
 William Simms 
 John Dowell 
 
 John Scott 
 Thomas Walker Jr. 
 David Buster 
 
 Henry Shelton 
 Stephen Southall 
 George Martin 
 John L,ewis 
 
 Samuel Dedman 
 Samuel Burch 
 Robert Alcock 
 Thomas Smith 
 
HISTORY OF AIvBBMARLB 
 
 399 
 
 John Hudson 
 Richard Woods 
 Swanny Ferguson 
 
 William Cole 
 William Jordan 
 
 Peter I<ott 
 Charles Wing-field 
 
 Thomas Ballard 
 John Fitz 
 
 Richard H. Allen 
 Lain Jones 
 Henry Karr 
 
 John Hudson 
 Thomas Carr 
 
 Richard Farrar 
 Edward Wingfield 
 Jeremiah Cleveland 
 Joel Smith 
 
 John Coles 
 Samuel Irvin 
 Wyatt Mills 
 
 William Brockman 
 Moses Gentry 
 John Old 
 Benjamin Taylor 
 Meriwether I^ewis 
 
 Robert Carter 
 George Gentry 
 John Rodes 
 
 James Burnley 
 William Michie 
 
 1801. 
 Joseph Sutherland 
 Joel Wheeler 
 William Smith 
 
 1802. 
 George Eubank 
 George Goodridge 
 
 1803. 
 William Shelton 
 Schuyler Harris 
 
 1804. 
 George Blain 
 John Eewis 
 
 1805. 
 Isaac Davis 
 Bartholomew Kindred 
 William Davenport 
 
 1806. 
 John Maupin 
 Francis Walker 
 
 1807. 
 William Fretwell 
 John White 
 David Clarkson 
 Hancock Allen 
 
 1808. 
 Harwood Bacon 
 Nicholas Lewis 
 Edward Moore 
 
 1809. 
 Bland Ballard 
 Rev. William Irvin 
 Robert Sharp 
 Micajah Wheeler 
 Henry Austin 
 
 1810. 
 Madison Breedlove 
 Taliaferro I/ewis 
 Cornelius Scheuk 
 
 1811. 
 William Leake 
 John Walker 
 
 Waddy Thomson 
 Samuel Scott 
 Ephraim Seamonds 
 
 John Jouett 
 Michael Thomas 
 
 Henry Burke 
 Benjamin Norvell 
 
 Andrew Brown 
 James Burnley 
 
 Alexander Gordon 
 Owen Lewis 
 Joseph H. Irvin 
 
 Holman Snead 
 Jacob Morris 
 
 Thomas W. Lewis 
 Claudius Buster 
 Jacob Spiece 
 
 Peter Keblinger 
 Rev. Matthew Maury 
 William Wood 
 
 John Carr 
 Bezaleel Maxwell 
 Richard Moore 
 William. Wallace 
 John Gilliam 
 
 William Garrison 
 Rev. Thos. Lumpkin 
 Edmund Anderson 
 
 Jacob Moon 
 Martin Railey 
 
400 
 
 HISTORY OP ALBEMARLE 
 
 Nathaniel Anderson 
 James Garland 
 Joseph Cole 
 John B. Magruder 
 John Martin 
 
 David Burgher 
 Jacob Oglesby 
 William Jarman 
 William Hughes 
 William Watson 
 
 Joseph Brand 
 Clifton Garland 
 John Wingfield 
 
 James Brooks 
 Peter Carr 
 I/awrence Suddarth 
 
 Jason Bowcock 
 Epaphroditus Rodes 
 David Wood 
 
 Edward Garland 
 Nicholas Page 
 James Barrett 
 
 John Alphin 
 West Eangford 
 Andrew Squair 
 David Watts 
 Francis Browning 
 
 1812. 
 James Powell Cocke 
 Thomas Garth 
 Julius Clarkson 
 John Old 
 
 1813. 
 Mask Leake 
 David Wood 
 John Wilkinson 
 Kemp Catlett 
 
 1814. 
 Peter Clarkson 
 William Maupin 
 James Harrison 
 
 181S. 
 Rev. Bernis Brown 
 Isaiah Humphrey 
 James Turk 
 
 1816. 
 William Elsom 
 William G. Garner 
 
 1817. 
 Elijah Garth 
 William G. Arms 
 Jacob Morris 
 
 1818. 
 Daniel White 
 William Moore 
 Joseph Sutherland 
 Chapman White 
 Robert Barclay 
 
 Charles B. Hunton Benjamin Richards 
 
 Samuel Wi Anderson 
 Robert Iveitch 
 William Goolsby 
 Jechonias Yancey 
 
 John Buster 
 Hugh Rice Morris 
 Wilson C. Nicholas 
 
 1819. 
 Rice Garland 
 Richard Moon 
 Eewis Johnson 
 James Reynolds 
 
 1820. 
 Isaac Hardin 
 William Wood 
 William Hopkins 
 
 Micajah Carr 
 John P. Watson 
 Harmer Gilmer 
 Richard P. Watson 
 
 Robert Morrison 
 James Hays 
 Robert Moorman 
 William S. Dabney 
 
 William D. Fitch 
 Charles Z,. Thomas 
 Martin Key 
 
 Samuel Black 
 Jeremiah Hamner 
 Jonathan Browning 
 
 John Michie 
 George Carter 
 
 Samuel Hamner 
 Richard Anderson 
 
 David Humphrey 
 Charles Massie 
 George Twyman 
 Cleviers Duke 
 William McCord 
 Sabrit Hoy 
 
 Milburn Hogg 
 Charles Wingfield Jr. 
 Reuben Herndon 
 Charles Burrus 
 
 Robert McCullock 
 Daniel Tilman 
 John Timberlake 
 
HISTORY OF ALBE MARINE 
 
 401 
 
 1821. 
 Richard Durrett Rev. Martin Dawson 
 
 Toseph Gilmore James Mayo 
 
 IJhristopher Wingfield James Eubank 
 Tames Old Rev. Jacob Watts 
 
 1822. 
 James Durrett 
 Whitaker Carter 
 Jesse Davenport 
 
 1823. 
 John C. Rag'land 
 Andrew I^eitch Sr. 
 Charles Doug'lass 
 
 1824. 
 Joseph Field 
 Dabney Minor 
 Alexander Blain 
 
 182S. 
 Christopher Hudson 
 Robert Wing-field 
 Alexander Fretwell 
 
 1826. 
 Joseph Brand 
 Francis Modena 
 Chapman White 
 Joel Harris 
 
 1827. 
 Charles Goodman 
 L/ittlebury Moon 
 Richard Price 
 
 1828. 
 Robert Draffen 
 George Eubank 
 Andrew Monroe 
 
 1829. 
 Bezaleel Brown 
 Thomas Goolsby 
 Jesse Wood Jr. 
 Rev. John Barksdale 
 Philip Watts 
 
 1830. 
 Erancis Birckhead 
 Charles Massie 
 William C. Wren 
 
 Rev. Benj. Burgher 
 Richard Woods Jr. 
 [Christopher Gentry 
 
 lohn H. Carr 
 
 Rev. Samuel Wydown 
 
 John Rodes 
 
 Tohn Eubank 
 
 Mrs. Mary W. L,ewis 
 
 lesse Wood 
 
 Douglass Bowcock 
 Bezaleel G. Brown 
 John A. Michie 
 
 Francis Gilmer 
 Thomas Jefferson 
 Michael Thomas 
 Benjamin Thurmau 
 
 John Boiling 
 Benjamin L(acy 
 Rev. Hugh White 
 Thomas Martin 
 
 John Irvin 
 Claiborne Rothwell 
 Thomas M. Randolph 
 
 James Powell Cocke 
 William Grayson 
 David Young 
 Manoah Clarkson 
 Richard Bruce 
 
 John Kelly 
 George Divers 
 Benajah Gentry 
 —26 
 
 John Eubank 
 David Maupin 
 Benjamin Martin 
 Benjamin Norvell 
 
 John Grayson 
 Peter Garland 
 Elijah Sowell 
 
 William Fretwell 
 William Smith 
 Daniel Black 
 
 Robert Field 
 William Tompkins 
 Francis Browning 
 
 William Ramsay 
 Joseph Bishop 
 Henry Wood 
 
 Berry M. Hardin 
 Samuel Shelton 
 Matthew Watson 
 Pleasant Dawson 
 
 Horsley Goodman 
 John Neilson 
 John Hudson 
 
 Abraham Eades 
 James Fowles 
 Jeremiah Yancey 
 
 Robert Davis 
 James Kinsolving 
 James Clarkson 
 John Fagg 
 Joseph Goodman 
 
 James Dinsmore 
 Nicholas Merritt 
 Eindsay Martin 
 
402 
 
 HISTORY OF AI,BEMARLE 
 
 Reuben Lindsay 
 Thomas W. Wood 
 Richmond Walton 
 
 Andrew Hart 
 William Hopkins 
 John Harris 
 William Suddarth 
 John B. Benson 
 
 Stephen Moore 
 John Early 
 
 1831. 
 Jonathan Barksdale 
 Joseph Wingfield 
 Robert Rea 
 
 1832. 
 John S. Farrar 
 Georg-e Eubank 
 Goodman Barksdale 
 William Morris 
 Edward Perneyhough 
 
 1833. 
 Rice W. Wood 
 Christian Wertenbaker 
 
 1834. 
 Benjamin Harris Marshall Durrett 
 
 Thomas Garth Charles L/. Bankhead 
 
 Rev. Thornton Rogers Joel Shiflett 
 
 Martin Dawson 
 Peter Minor 
 William Leake 
 Andrew Zigler 
 
 Hugh Nelson 
 Parmenas Rogers 
 Isaac Simms 
 
 Craven Peyton 
 Micajah Woods 
 John Eretwell 
 John N. C. Stockton 
 David Isaacs 
 
 John Rogers 
 Thomas W. Gooch 
 James Jones 
 Sabrit King 
 
 John Rodes 
 Opie Norris 
 James H. Grinstead 
 
 183S. 
 John Gilmer 
 Horsley Goodman 
 Pleasant Moon 
 
 1836. 
 Jesse Garth 
 George Gilmer 
 Norborne Powers 
 
 1837. 
 Jesse Jopling 
 William Woods B. 
 Micajah Wheeler 
 Horace Bramham 
 Mace Pickett 
 
 1838. 
 Garland Carr 
 Francis B. Dyer 
 Ivouis Leschot 
 
 1839. 
 Robert W. Wood 
 Joshua Wheeler 
 
 1840. 
 
 Samuel and Celia Dyer Abijah S. Old 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Clark James Tooley 
 
 John Jordan 
 Stephen Woodson 
 William Tooley 
 
 Richard Wallace 
 Hugh Rice Morris 
 John Patrick 
 Charles C. Lacy 
 Ison Walton 
 
 J. Watson, High Top 
 John Dettor 
 
 Matthew Rodes 
 Hudson Fretwell 
 Peter U. Ware 
 
 James P. Henderson 
 Henry Price 
 William Piper 
 
 Peachy R. Gilmer 
 Bphraim Seamouds 
 William Via 
 
 Reuben Lindsay 
 John Winn 
 John Yergain 
 Charles Hudson 
 Ezekiel Wilhoi 
 
 Rev. John Goss 
 Roger Thompson 
 J. Addison Carr 
 
 Jeremiah White 
 Anderson Shiflett 
 
 John H. Goodloe 
 Zachariah Wood 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARI.B 
 
 403 
 
 Charles Bonnycastle 
 John Watson, Milton 
 Samuel Leitch 
 Howell Lewis 
 Samuel Powell 
 
 Ira B. Brown 
 Gilly M. Lewis 
 Samuel Barksdale 
 Charles Smith 
 
 Garrett White 
 Charles H. Meriwether 
 James H. Lewis 
 Abraham Eades 
 
 Reuben Lewis 
 Thomas W. Gilmer 
 Carter H. Harrison 
 
 W. D. Meriwether 
 Henry T. Harris 
 John H. Craven 
 
 John L. Thomas 
 Joseph Coleman 
 William Dunkum 
 Elisha Thurman 
 
 James Jarman 
 John Thomas 
 George M. Woods 
 Joseph Twyman 
 
 John Coles 
 Charles Everett 
 Henry St. Geo. Tucker 
 
 Jesse Lewis 
 
 Samuel W. Tompkins 
 
 Benjamin Mosby 
 
 Henry White 
 William Woods, S. 
 James Michie 
 Benjamin G. Peyton 
 
 1841. 
 John Rogers Jr. 
 David Anderson 
 John Minor 
 David Michie 
 
 1842. 
 Jonathan W. Beers 
 John Pollock 
 Reuben Wingfield 
 
 1843. 
 John P. Emmett 
 Francis Meriwether 
 Joseph Antrim 
 
 1844. 
 Dabney C. Gooch 
 Achilles Douglass 
 Oliver Cleveland 
 
 184S. 
 Nimrod Bramham 
 Michael Wallace 
 John Brown 
 
 1846. 
 Brightberry Brown 
 Rezin Wheat 
 John H. Holman 
 John T. Early 
 
 1847. 
 Daniel F. Carr 
 John E. Roberts 
 James Michie Jr. 
 Robert Thrift 
 
 1848. 
 Charles Harper 
 William D. Eitch 
 Albert C. Terrell 
 
 1849. 
 Richard Duke 
 Joseph Grayson 
 
 18S0. 
 Edmund Davis 
 George Blaetterman 
 Mann Page 
 Meekins Carr 
 
 Drury Wood 
 Isaac A. Coles 
 Michael Catterton 
 Thomas Grady 
 
 Thomas W. Maury 
 E. W. Reinhart 
 Joseph Watson 
 
 James Oldham 
 Adam Keblinger 
 Lewis S. Poates 
 
 Thomas Draffen 
 James Duke 
 Benjamin So well 
 
 Stephen C. Price 
 Nathan C. Goodman 
 
 Frances McGee 
 Blake Harris 
 Samuel Black 
 
 Cleviers Duke 
 Wiley Dickerson 
 John Lee 
 Samuel Brockman 
 
 Hardin Massie 
 James W. Drumheller 
 
 Thomas W. Fry 
 John M. Wingfield 
 
 Andrew McKee 
 Samuel S. Gay 
 Edmund Broadus 
 James Jeffries 
 
404 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 Willis Garth 
 Thomas Macon 
 Richard Pollard 
 Daniel Scott 
 
 Georg-e Sinclair 
 John Bowcock 
 
 Edward H. Moon 
 Thomas H. Grayson 
 James H. Shelton 
 
 Bernard Peyton 
 Francis Carr 
 Walter Coles 
 John Eubank 
 
 John B. Garrett 
 John Pilson 
 Andrew Iveitch 
 
 Clement P. McKennie 
 James H. Terrell 
 G. W. Kinsolving 
 
 Andrew Stevenson 
 Samuel W. Martin 
 Richmond Terrell 
 Daniel Perrow 
 Claudius Mayo 
 
 Robert L. Jefferson 
 David Hancock 
 William F. Gordon 
 
 Thomas L,. Shelton 
 James W. Saunders 
 John B. Gilmer 
 John J. Wing'field 
 
 Nathaniel Burnley 
 Alexander Garrett 
 William Garth 
 
 1851. 
 Bernard Carr 
 Peter N. Meriwether 
 Anderson Brown 
 John Rogers, Lan. 
 
 1852. 
 Valentine Head 
 Jonathan Barksdale 
 
 1853. 
 David Higg-inbotham 
 Edward Wertenbaker 
 
 1854. 
 John Morris 
 William W. Wallace 
 N. Thompson Jr. 
 A. Hamilton Michie 
 
 18SS. 
 John Dunkum 
 James T. Early 
 Meredith Martin 
 
 1856. 
 Allen Hawkins 
 William M. Woods 
 Rev. Albert HoUaday 
 
 1857. 
 John T. Hamner 
 Benjamin E. Johnson 
 John B. Hart 
 Charles Massie 
 John Terrell 
 
 1858. 
 Lewis McGee 
 William Woods, B. C. 
 Hug-h Minor 
 
 1859. 
 William T. McCarty 
 Rev. John.S. Abell 
 Isaiah Stout 
 Samuel Carr 
 
 1860. 
 Tucker Coles 
 John W. Gantt 
 
 Joel Terrell 
 Philip Edge 
 Edwin H. Gooch 
 George W. Craven 
 
 Zach. Shackelford 
 
 Hawkey Ferguson 
 Paul Tilman Jr. 
 
 Reese Jurey 
 Earkin Hudson 
 George W. Turpin 
 
 Nathaniel D. Goolsby 
 Alphonso Garner 
 Thomas Daniel 
 
 John H. Maddox 
 Matthew P. Walton 
 George O'Toole 
 
 James A. Watson 
 Burwell Garth 
 Jeremiah A. Goodman 
 William McCoy 
 
 Boswell P. Yates 
 Gabriel Maupin 
 Thomas C. Keller 
 
 Charles A. Smith 
 Henry Morris 
 Caleb Abell 
 
 Joseph Miller 
 Hudson Strange 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLB 
 
 4o; 
 
 M. L. Walker 
 Nelson Barksdale 
 Chapman W. Maupin 
 Valentine W. Southall 
 Peter F.' Jefferson 
 
 Charles Minor 
 A. Hamilton Rogers 
 Jcflin Timberlake 
 William M. Wade 
 Thomas F. Ivewis 
 Francis K. Nelson 
 
 St. George Tucker 
 James B. Rogers 
 James D. Watts 
 
 Rev. W. Timberlake 
 Octavius G. Michie 
 Benjamin Ficklin 
 
 Beverly Staples 
 William A. Bibb 
 Charles A. Scott 
 
 Joseph Sutherland Sr. 
 
 rohn White 
 
 William G. Barksdale 
 
 Robert Rives 
 Tranklin Minor 
 fames R. Watson 
 Charles Carter 
 Javid Jeffries 
 Tohn A. Wilson 
 
 1861. 
 Abraham Wiant 
 Tucker Coles Jr. 
 Twyman Wayt 
 Joseph Sutherland 
 W. B. Phillips 
 
 1862. 
 David Carr 
 Dabney Carr 
 Chapman C. Maupin 
 Ivuther M. George 
 James S. L,eitch 
 Thomas Staples 
 
 1863. 
 Thomas W. Meriwether 
 George H. Geiger 
 Ralph Thomas 
 
 1864. 
 Ivewis Teel 
 Rev. Charles Wingfield 
 
 186S. 
 Alfred C. Wood 
 Frederick Gilliam 
 George Martin 
 
 1866. 
 Iceland Blackwell 
 William H. Foster 
 
 Zachariah I^ewis 
 Buckner Townley 
 Chiles M. Brand 
 John B. Douglass 
 
 Thomas Woodson 
 Roberts Coles 
 M. Li. Anderson 
 Richard D. Simma 
 William B. Harris 
 James H. Minor 
 
 Ira Harris 
 Thom.as Ammonett 
 Garland A. Garth 
 
 Robert N. Trice 
 Archelaus Robertson 
 
 Peter White 
 George W. Spooner 
 James C. Carter 
 
 Ralph Barksdale 
 Jphn C. Hughes 
 
 1867. 
 H. Carter Moore 
 Edward J. Timberlake 
 John S. Martin 
 William H. Brown 
 Charles W. Maupin 
 Daniel P. Lewis 
 
 fames Woods 
 ohn R. Jones 
 Villiam C. Rives 
 ViUiam Crump 
 
 ohn D. Moon Sr. 
 
 1868. 
 Fdmund I. Thompson 
 Clifton G. Sutherland 
 John Jones 
 Bland Rea 
 
 1869. 
 Reuben Maury 
 
 Prior Woodson 
 George A. Farrow 
 David R. Goodman 
 John D. Carr 
 Peter F. Jefferson 
 Paul Tilman 
 
 William M. Peyton 
 Peter Harman 
 Robert B. Nelson 
 Willis White 
 
 Elijah May 
 
 Villiam P. Farish George L,. Williams 
 
406 
 
 HISTORY OF ALBEMARLE 
 
 James Hart 
 Ira Garrett 
 Samuel O. Moon 
 
 Nathaniel Massie 
 John H. Coleman 
 Socrates Maupin 
 Shepherd Moore 
 
 Benjamin Wood 
 M. L. Anderson 
 
 W. Edgar Garth 
 William H. McGuffey 
 Georg-e W. Hamner 
 
 Henry Howard 
 Thomas H. Brown 
 George Rives 
 Nathaniel Thompson 
 
 Richard Wingfield 
 Thomas J. Randolph 
 Joseph W. Campbell 
 
 Teakle W. Savage 
 J. H. Timberlake Jr. 
 Rev. James Fife 
 
 William D. Hart 
 Charles D. Everett 
 George W. Harris 
 
 Joshua Jackson 
 Marcus Durrett 
 Bazaleel Brown 
 
 Charles Brown 
 Rice G. Barksdale 
 John S. Cocke 
 
 Henry Shepherd 
 J. Erank Ery 
 N. H. Massie 
 James M. Bowen 
 
 William Cowherd 
 Benjamin Snead 
 Eli Ames 
 
 1870. 
 Peter A. Woods 
 Richard Moon, B. 
 Rev. James M. Goss 
 
 1871. 
 Benjamin E. Randolph Benjamin E. Eicklin 
 Magill O. Douglass John Vowles 
 
 Roland H. Bates James C. L,upton 
 
 1872. 
 Thomas J. Randolph Jr. 
 Reuben Wood 
 
 1873. 
 Edward Eerneyhough 
 Thomas Durrett 
 Ira Maupin 
 
 1874. 
 Thomas Garland 
 Miletus B. Jarman 
 William T. Early 
 Peter Craven 
 
 187S. 
 John C. R. Taylor 
 J. P. Halbach 
 Stapletou C. Shelton 
 
 1876. 
 Charles Goodyear 
 Wilson C. Nicholas 
 John Li. White 
 
 1877. 
 William T. Brown 
 William L,. Cochran 
 Robert W. Eewis 
 
 1878. 
 J. W. Poindexter 
 Henry Massie 
 Jacob Van Doren 
 
 1879. 
 Hamilton Potts 
 Daniel G. Smith 
 David Strange 
 
 1880. 
 D. J. Hartsook 
 W. W. Staton , 
 Randolph Harris 
 
 Winston O. Purvis 
 David E. Hancock 
 
 Tucker Woodson 
 George Norris 
 Eewis Sowell 
 
 Robert R. Prentis 
 Robert Rodes 
 William Summerson 
 E. M. Paoli 
 
 David Kyle 
 William Cox 
 Andrew Black 
 
 Eondon Bruce 
 Cosby M. Robertson 
 
 John White 
 David Hansbrough 
 John O. Harris 
 
 Alfred Carpenter 
 Thomas Black 
 John A. Brown 
 
 Thornton W. Bowen 
 George B. Young 
 
 Robert C. Rivea 
 Moses Maxwell 
 Atwell Edge 
 
HISTORY OF ALBBMARLE 
 
 407 
 
 Richard G. Crank 
 William F. Gooch 
 Reuben Lindsay 
 
 S. A. Hart 
 Daniel E. Watson 
 William Wertenbaker 
 
 B. M. Pinkerton 
 Edward Coles 
 William D. Boaz 
 John Cochran 
 J. Summerfield Moon 
 
 Shelton E. L,eake 
 ■George W. Macon 
 William A. Rogers 
 
 Parrott H. Elliott 
 Benj. H. Mag-ruder 
 John R. Woods 
 John Staige Davis 
 
 Slaughter W. Eicklin 
 Thomas C. Bowen 
 
 C. W. Purcell 
 William W. Minor 
 Egbert R. Watson 
 Geo. Chris. Gilmer 
 
 Peter McGee 
 John H. Bibb 
 Thomas E. Wingfield 
 
 John Wood Jr. 
 James I/. Cabell 
 
 Rev. Thomas D. Bell 
 John P. Michic 
 James G. Alexander 
 
 1881. 
 Robert B. Boiling 
 John H. Timberlake 
 Tilman T. Maupin 
 
 1882. 
 John O. Massey 
 John A. Rogers 
 Caleb Abell 
 
 1883. 
 Orlando B. Barksdale 
 John W. Goss 
 W. W. Dinwiddie 
 Philip Edge 
 
 188+. 
 John T. Antrim 
 George M. Mclntire 
 Orville Allen 
 
 188S. 
 Stephen O. Southall 
 Jerome B. Wood 
 Stokes Tunstall 
 Joseph E. Wingfield 
 
 1886. 
 Bernard Peyton 
 Littleton Waddell 
 
 1887. 
 Fleming Broadhead 
 Peyton S. Coles 
 Isaac D. Early 
 William H. Harris 
 
 1888. 
 John S. White 
 Bluford R. Eddins 
 
 1889. 
 James H. Shepherd 
 Alexander K. Yancey 
 
 1890. 
 Miles S. Foster 
 George C. Omohundro 
 
 Joel N. Wheeler 
 Pleasant Sowell 
 John O. Wingfield 
 
 Joseph W. Lipop 
 Wilton Head 
 Ezra M. Wolfe 
 
 James M. Smith 
 John A. Carter 
 Alphonse L,auve 
 Thomas W. Wood 
 
 Fontaine Brockman 
 William A. Keblinger 
 Henry Gantt 
 
 Charles Hancock 
 John J. Winn 
 John A. Snead 
 Alexander Rives 
 
 John H. Nicholas 
 
 Horace George 
 J. Finks Wayland 
 John Thornley 
 Richard H. Yancey 
 
 George W. Stark 
 Andrew J. Brown 
 
 John S. Coles 
 W. O. Fry 
 
 James Fitz 
 A. P. Boyd 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Agricultural Society, 101. 
 Albemarle Academy, 91. 
 
 Declaration of Independence, 
 365. 
 
 Emigrants, 386. 
 
 Necrolog-y, 395. 
 
 Rangers, 363. 
 
 Representatives, 384. 
 Alcock, "William, 198, 242. 
 Aldermen, 89. 
 Alexander, Hugh, 246. 
 Anbury, Travels of, 33. 
 Area of County, 14. 
 Army allowances, 54. 
 Attorneys for Commonwealth, 80. 
 
 List of, 380. 
 Bache, Dr. William, 62. 
 Ballou, Solomon, 106. 
 Bankhead, Charles Iy., 302, 305. 
 Banks, 106. 
 Baptist Churches, 132. 
 Barboursville Road, 65. 
 Barracks Prison, 31. 
 
 Road, 65. 
 
 Supplies for, 54. 
 Barterbrook, 61. 
 Batesville, 6, 22. 
 Bear Creek, 23. 
 Beaverdam, 18, 21. 
 Belle Grove, 98, 222. 
 Bible Society, 102. 
 Birdwood, 4, 174, 244. 
 Black's Call, Rev. Sam, 362. 
 Blaetterman, Prof., 288.^ 
 Blair, Justice John, 62. 
 Bland, Col., 36. 
 Blue Ridge, 14, 19. 
 
 And Rivanna Turnpike, 70. 
 Boiling. John, 201. 
 Boundaries of County, 14. 
 Breckinridge, John, 230. 
 Brimmer Road, 68. 
 British ravages, 25. 
 Broad Mossing Ford, 65. 
 Brown's Gap Road, 66. 
 
 Turnpike, 69. 
 Buck's Elbow, 15, 19. 
 Buck Island, 17, 21. 
 
 Mountain Road, 64. 
 Burnt Mills, 65, 161, 181. 
 
 Cabell V. Wilkinson, 57. 
 Camp near Rockfish Gap, 30. 
 Camping Branch, 21, 24. 
 Capital Punishment, 75. 
 Carr's Old I'ord, 65, 73. 
 Carter's Bridge, 71. 
 
 Road, 68. 
 Cartersburg, 22. 
 Castle Hill, 2, 271, 335. 
 Central College., 91. 
 Charlottesville, 26, 105. 
 
 Hospital, 118. 
 Chestnut Mountains, 2, 19. 
 Chiles, Micajah, 276, 324. 
 Chiswell, John, 7, 214. 
 Church Erection, 136. 
 Circuit Court, 79. 
 Clark, Gen. G. R., SO. 
 Clear Mount, 11, 163. 
 Collins' Team, 73. 
 Colonization Society, 102. 
 Committee of Nine, 120. 
 Commissioners at Rockfish Gap, 91 
 County Court System, 78. 
 County Officers, 8, 375. 
 Court House Building, 80. 
 
 First, 9. 
 Court Proceedings, 9, 54, 74, 110. 
 Cow Branch, 21. 
 Crockett, Maj. Joseph, 284, 356. 
 Currency, deranged, 53, 118. 
 Davidson's patent, John, 7. 
 David Wood's old place, 65. 
 Davis, Prof. J. A. G., 114. 
 Dawson's Meeting House, 134. 
 
 Row, 94. 
 Dean, Adam, 247. 
 Debating Society, 103. 
 Districts, 25. 
 District Court, 79. 
 
 No. 1, 118. 
 Divers, George, 25, 48, 335. 
 Divisions of County, 24. 
 Doyle, John, 53. 
 Drafts of servants, 117. 
 D. S., 4, 11, 63, 158, 320. 
 Early, W. T., 117. 
 Edge, Atwell, 171. 
 Edge's Creek, 21. 
 Edgemont, 3, 61, 77. 
 
410 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Education, 85. 
 
 Elk Run, 23. 
 
 Emigration, SS. 
 
 Episcopal Churches, 124. 
 
 Epperson's Mountain, 20. 
 
 Eppes Creek, 3, 18, 168. 
 
 Escheats, 47. 
 
 Estes, Capt. T. T., 96. 
 
 Families, alphabetically arranged, 
 
 137. 
 Farm, The, S, 70, 4S, 2S2. 
 Farmington, 5, 47, 54. 
 Fish, 23. 
 
 Flood of 1771, 71. 
 Forge Church, 56, 125. 
 Fortune, 188. 
 
 Forty-Sixth Virginia, 117. 
 Franklin, Benjamin, 62. 
 Franklins, 82. 
 Fredericksburg Road, 65. 
 Predericksville Parish, 124. 
 Free Bridge, 72. 
 
 Schools, 89. 
 Frenchmen, 360. 
 Gallatin, Albert, 9. 
 Gambell's Grant, Matt., 7. 
 Gambling, 110. 
 Game, 22. 
 
 Garland, James, Jr., 44. 
 Garlick, Samuel, 7. 
 Gazetteer of Virginia, 101. 
 Giles, Nathaniel, 56. 
 Gilmer, Dr. John, 76. 
 
 Papers, 353. 
 Glebes, 125, 127. 
 Glendower, 10, 185, 238. 
 Glover, John A., 114. 
 Goochland County, 1. 
 Grier, Andrew, 247. 
 Grills, Eleanor, 52. 
 Gymnasium, 88. 
 Haggard's Road, 68. 
 Hammock's Gap, 15, 58, 330. 
 Hanover, Presbytery of, 131. 
 Hardin's Tavern, 60, 217. 
 Harrisonburg Turnpike, 71. 
 Hatch, Rev. F. W., 127. 
 Harvie, Col. John, 35, 225. 
 Hebrews, 359. 
 Henderson's Branch, 21. 
 
 Warehouse, 58. 
 Hening, W. W., 228. 
 Henry, John, 5, 322. 
 
 Patrick, 46. 
 Hickman, Edwin, 4, 9, 255. 
 Hodge, Dr. Charles, 62. 
 Holt, Joseph, 233. 
 
 Hopkins, Dr. James, 7S. 
 
 Hudson's Creek, 18. 
 
 Hunton, Charles B., 299. 
 
 Inglis, Thomas, 51. 
 
 Indians, 23. 
 
 Indian Grave, 5, 23, 286. 
 
 Irish Road, 68. 
 
 Iron manufacture, 56. 
 
 Island Ford, 73. 
 
 Italians, 360. 
 
 Ivy Creek, 21. 
 
 Depot, 22. 
 Jailors, 380. 
 Jameson's Gap, 20. 
 
 Mountain, 20. 
 Jarman's Gap, 20. 
 Jefferson on Barracks, 31. 
 Jerdone, Francis, 47, 201. 
 Jones, George, 261. 
 Jones' Plantation, 33, 238. 
 Johnson, Benjamin, 286. 
 
 Michael, 256, 346. 
 Jouett, John, 45, 240. 
 Joyner, Philip, 206. 
 Judges, 79. 
 
 Keppel, Earl of Albemarle, 8. 
 Key, Nelson, 188. 
 Key's Meeting House, 135. 
 
 Mill Creek, 20. 
 King, Martin, 12, 68. 
 Kinney, Jacob, 287. 
 Kosciusko's Will, 361. 
 I<afayette's Visit, 104. 
 Legislature in Charlottesv ille, 
 
 45, 46. 
 Leigh, William, 54, 276. 
 Eeitch, James, 82, 139, 253. 
 Lewis's Creek, 3. 
 
 Ferry, 72. 
 
 Meeting House, 132. 
 
 Mountain, 5, IS. 
 Library, Public, 103. 
 Lick Run, 23. 
 Limestone, 17, 18, 257. 
 Little D. S., 67. 
 
 Eppes Creek, 18. 
 
 Egypt, 209. 
 
 Mountain, 19. 
 
 River, 20, 85. 
 Lumpkin, Rev. Thomas, 131. 
 Lynch's Ford or Ferry, 10, 258. 
 Lynchburg Road, 68, 70. 
 Magistrates, 77, 375. 
 Map of Virginia, 97. 
 Marches to Williamsburg, 364. 
 Market House, 106. 
 Marks, John, 56, 263. 
 
INDEX 
 
 411 
 
 Marriage licenses, SS. 
 Marshall C. J. John, 63. 
 Martin, Capt. John, 45, 264. 
 Meade's Election, Bishop, 129. 
 Mechum's Depot, 22. 
 Meriwether's Bridge, 73. 
 Merritt, Nicholas, 317. 
 Methodist Churches, 134. 
 Military of County, 372. 
 Miller's Branch, 21. 
 Milton, 3, 57. 
 Mine, Betsy Martin, 57. 
 Mouticello, 45, 141, 250. 
 
 Bank Specie, 108. 
 Moore's Creek Bridge, 72. 
 
 Ford, 20, 72. 
 Morgantown, 60. 
 Mosby, Col. John S., 115. 
 Mountain Falls Creek, 21. 
 Mount Fd Church, 87, 134. 
 Names, 19. 
 
 Negroes, teaching. 111. 
 New Haven, 61. 
 Newspapers, 99. 
 New York, 59. 
 Nicholas' Warehouse, 58. 
 Nineteenth Virginia, 117. 
 Nixville, 22. 
 
 Norris, Opie, 70, 106, 243. 
 North Milton, 59. 
 Nutter, George, 115. 
 Offices, Court Square, 82. 
 Old's Forge, 57, 68, 291. 
 Oliver's Store, 22. 
 Ordinaries, 10, 39. 
 Organization, County, 8. 
 Pantops, 4, 88, 139. 
 Partition of County, 26. 
 Patents, Early, 2. 
 Personal Collisions, 110. 
 Petersburg, 22. 
 Phillips, Gen., 35. 
 Pigeon Top, 15, 20. 
 Pillory, 9, 82. 
 
 Piney Mountain, 5, 15, 20. 
 Pinch-'em-slyly, 61. 
 Plank Road, 69. 
 Pleasant Grove, 59. 
 Plum Orchard Branch, 21. 
 Plum Tree Branch, 21. 
 Poindexter, George, 77. 
 Poindexter's Mountain, 20. 
 Population, 11. 
 Presbyterian Churches, 129. 
 Prison Spring, 28. 
 Punishments, 12. 
 Railroads, 115. 
 
 Rea's Ford Road, 67. 
 Reconstruction, 119. 
 Records, 13, 25. 
 Red Bank Falls, 3. 
 Revolution, 29. 
 Richard Woods Road, 67. 
 Riedesel, Madame, 37. 
 Rio Bridge, 73. 
 Rivanna Navigation Co. , 84. 
 River Road, 64. 
 Roads, 10, 63. 
 Rock Spring, 71. 
 Rockfish Gap, 20, 64, 91. 
 Rodes's Road, 66. 
 Round Top Mountain, 22. 
 Salmon, John H., 122. 
 Scales Creek, 21. 
 School Commissioners, 86. 
 Scottsville, 97. 
 Secretary's Road, 68. 
 Settlement of Virginia, 1. 
 Shelby, Letitia, 49. 
 Sheriffs, 379. 
 Short, William, 24, 217. 
 Signs of War, 116. 
 Simpson's Tanyard, 67. 
 Slaughter, John, 329. 
 Smith, Ambrose Joshua, 7. 
 Soapstone Works, 18. 
 Soldiers of Revolution, 367. 
 South River, 20. 
 South West Mountain, 14, 19. 
 Spencer, John, 189. 
 Sprouse, Hudson, 112. 
 St. Anne's Parish, 124. 
 Staunton and James River Turn- 
 pike, 69. 
 Still House Mountain, 66. 
 Stockton's Creek, 17, 319. 
 Stony Point, 22. 
 Swan Tavern, 46, 240. 
 Tarleton's Raid, 44. 
 Taylor's patent, William, 6, 324. 
 Teachers, 85. 
 
 Temperance Society, 94, 103. 
 Three Notched Road, 63. 
 Todd,'Rev. John, 233. 
 Tom's Mountain, 17, 171, 328. 
 Tooley's Creek, 332. 
 Topography, 14. 
 Tories, 47. 
 Towns, 57. 
 Townships, 25. 
 Travellers' Grove, 59. 
 Tufton, 5, 260, 310. 
 Turkey Run, 22. 
 Turk's Gap, 20. 
 
412 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Underwood Convention, 119. 
 University of Virg'inia, 92. 
 Wade's Spring, 66. 
 Walker, Dr. Thomas, 51, 334. 
 War of 1812, 96. 
 Ware, Peter, 113. 
 Warren, 58. 
 Washing-ton, Gen., 70. 
 
 Henry, 299. 
 Wayland, Jeremiah, 301. 
 Webb's Mountain, 7, 20. 
 Webster, John Ivee, 56. 
 West's Saw Mill Run, 68. 
 
 Wheeler Road, 68. 
 Whitehall, 22. 
 Wilkinson, John, 56, 344. 
 Wirt, William, 207. 
 Wolf Pit, 22. 
 Wolf Trap Branch, 22. 
 Wolves, 13. 
 Woodridge, 68. 
 Woods' Gap, 11, 20, 63. 
 Woods', Meeting at James, 30. 
 Yellow Mountain, 20. 
 Yergain, John, 358. 
 
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