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Cornell University 
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Cornell University Library 
 
 UA 274 1st.CC73 
 
 Company "C", First Infantry, Minnesota N 
 
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 Corp. 
 
 he Souvenir Book 
 Committee 
 
 Hiram David Frankel 
 
 Editor in Chief 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 George K. Sheppard 
 
 Department of Athletics 
 
 Sergt 
 
 . Frederick A. Tiffany 
 
 Department of History and Records 
 
 Sergt 
 
 . William M. Brack 
 
 Department of Philippine History 
 
 Sergt 
 
 . Arnold Arneson 
 
 Sergt 
 
 . Harlan G. Grosscup 
 
 Corp. 
 
 Lambert F. Fairchild 
 
 Capt. 
 
 John F. Snow 
 
 Lieut 
 
 Arthur E. Clark, Jr. 
 
 Corp. 
 
 Edward M. Gallegher 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Sergt 
 
 . Clinton S. Colledge 
 
 Chairman 
 

 
 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 
 '^^M^^OMPANT "C" FIRST 
 ^^V^^^ /n/aw/ry, Minnesota Nat- 
 ^^ ^--^ ^^ ^""^^ Guard, presents this 
 i'^^^li^m^ souvenir to its friends and 
 >0?|SPfe5^^ members without any words 
 of apology. 11 The board of editors acting 
 for and on behalf of the Company believe 
 that they have produced the best book possible 
 under the circumstances and submit their 
 effort to the fair criticism of all who may 
 read it. 
 
 11 To those who have helped in its production, 
 to those who have contributed to its financial 
 success and to all whose encouragement has 
 been the inspiration of its production, thanks 
 are tendered and the hope expressed that 
 they may not feel abashed at the result of 
 their encouragement in whatever form it 
 may have been given. 
 
 THE EDITOR IN CHIEF. 
 
 
 
 

Early Days 
 
 By E. S. Chittenden 
 
 ^O Company "C" and its menabers, more than to all other in- 
 fluences, is due the organization and development of the 
 present efficient National Guard of the State of Minnesota. 
 In the early part of the year 1880, there was, and for three 
 years previous there had been no military company in the 
 city of St. Paul. From its earliest history the capital city 
 had been distinguished by the number and excellence of its military organi- 
 zations, and the military spirit of its citizens. Doubtless this was due, to a 
 considerable extent, to its close proximity to and intimate social and 
 business associations with historic Fort Snelling. With its "Pioneer 
 Guards" (April 17, 1856 to March 19, 1861), which was then the largest 
 and best company in the West, from whose ranks was recruited the first 
 company of volunteers in the country during the Civil War, Companies 
 "A," "B" and "D," of the 1st regiment, N. G. S. M. (1870 to 1874), and 
 the "St. Paul Rifles" (1875 to 1877), no place could boast a better 
 citizen soldiery. 
 
 In March, 1880, there were only three or four companies in the state, 
 and the military spirit was dormant. In St. Paul it was dead. Believing 
 that the capital city could and should maintain a first-class citizens' military 
 corps, and having on several occasions seen the need of the same, a former 
 member of the 54th regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of Co. " A, " 1st regiment, 
 N.^G. S. M., (1870-4) and the organizer of the "St. Paul Rifles, " sought to 
 Interest his friends on the subject. Its importance and necessity were at 
 once recognized, and Capt. C. S. Bunker, formerly of the 22nd regiment, 
 N. G. S. N. Y., and captain of Company "A" above, and Sergeant George 
 L. Farwell, formerly of said company, with the writer, constituted them- 
 selves a committee for the purpose of issuing a circular call for a meeting 
 of those who were considered eligible for membership, and who had been 
 interviewed on the subject. 
 
 This meeting was held in the rooms of the Chamber of Commerce on 
 Bridge Square, on the evening of March 15, 1880. The call was largely re- 
 sponded to by a body of representative young men of the city, most of whom 
 had previously been members of military organizations elsewhere. The 
 
 7 
 
History of Company **C" 
 
 project was heartily approved and proceedings taken which resulted in the 
 formation of the " St. Paul Guards, " April 5th, 1880. The original minutes 
 of the meetings for organization have been deposited in the corner stone of 
 the new armory in this city, and a copy of the same, and of the original 
 muster roll of the company, are published herewith. An inspection of the 
 roll will show the standing and character of the men who made it at once 
 the leading military organization of the state, and who, with their successors, 
 have maintained its high standard and record in times of war as well as of 
 peace. 
 
 In its first organization all of its officers had previously held commis- 
 sions, and most of its non-commissioned officers and privates had served in 
 other military companies. Captain Bunker (since Inspector-General of 
 the State) and Lieut. Oxley had been officers in old Company "A," 1st N. 
 G. S. M., and Lieut. Bend (rising through all grades except that of lieutenant- 
 colonel, to command of the Minnesota brigade of the National Guard) 
 in the famous 7th regiment, N. G. S^N. Y. Captain Bunker appointed F. 
 P.Wright (who subsequently became colonel of the 3rd regiment, N. G. S. M.) 
 first sergeant, and the company began its drills in Pfeifer hall, subsequently 
 meeting in Market hall. It was an independent company and received no 
 aid whatever from the public authorities, except that it was allowed the use 
 of the condemned muzzle-loading muskets, with accoutrements, which be- 
 longed to the state. 
 
 Notwithstanding this lack of encouragement, the company made good 
 progress, and in the spring of 1881 adopted a dress uniform. This consisted 
 of a white double-breasted frock coat, trimmed with blue, light blue trousers 
 with black stripe, and the new United States officers' regulation helmet. 
 It was a striking uniform, which caused the street urchins to say that the 
 company was composed of drum-majors. This uniform was worn until 
 the United States regulation dress uniform was adopted, and has since been 
 used. 
 
 The first parade of the company in this uniform was made in Augusts 
 1881, as an escort to a convention of German societies held in St. Paul. 
 In the early part of the following month, headed by Dyer & Howard's band, 
 it proceeded to Minneapolis and called upon Governor Pillsbury. The 
 march through the streets of that city, from the Milwaukee depot to 
 the governor's residence on University avenue, attracted a great deal of 
 attention, and the company was finely entertained by the governor and his 
 
 8 
 
D 
 
 friends. On the 26th of September, 1881, it took a conspicuous part in 
 a memorial parade and exercises in St. Paul, in honor of our martyred 
 ■ president, James A. Garfield. 
 
 The organization of the "St. Paul Guards" revived the military spirit 
 in the city and state, and was soon followed by the formation of the " Allen 
 Guards" (Co. D, 1st regt.), the "Emmit Light Artillery" (battery A), and 
 the "Merriam Zouaves" (Co. E), in St. Paul, with other companies in other 
 cities of the state. 
 
 As an immediate result of this military revival, and largely through 
 the initiative and efforts of members of the " St. Paul Guards, " a convention 
 was held in St. Paul in the fall of 1880, for the purpose of advancing the 
 military interests of the state, securing a proper organization and procuring 
 needed legislation. This convention was attended by delegates from each 
 of the companies then in existence, among whom those of the "St. Paul 
 Guards" (Messrs. Bend and Chittenden) took a leading part. A two-bat- 
 talion organization of a National Guard was determined upon, and a draft 
 of " an act to promote the efficiency and proper discipline of the National 
 Guard of the state of Minnesota, and to appropriate money for the same " 
 was made by the writer hereof for submission to the legislature. An active 
 campaign for its passage was inaugurated, and the act became a law, Feb. 
 28, 1881, practically as drawn. 
 
 This act made the first substantial provision in the history of the state 
 for the maintenance of an active and efficient military force. Under it, 
 with amendments from time to time, to adapt it to an increasing force, the 
 National Guard of Minnesota attained its present numbers and position, until 
 all previous acts were merged in and superseded by the present military 
 code of the state, April 14, 1897. 
 
 The necessity for a suitable armory very soon became apparent, and 
 a movement to provide the same was in 1882 inaugurated and successfully 
 carried out by the National Guard organizations, without any assistance 
 from the city or state. In this the "St. Paul Guards," which had been 
 designated as Company "C" of the First Battalion, N. G. S. M., took a 
 leading part, as it has always done in everything which related to the ad- 
 vancement of the National Guard. Its members were among the first (if 
 not the first) to suggest and start the enterprise. They took a large portion of 
 the armory stock, contributed much more than their proportion of time and 
 money, and turned over to the association the sum of $1,118.33, as proceeds 
 
 9 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 from Company "C's" booth at the "Armory Fair," in the spring of 1883. 
 The building, erected at a cost of more than $10,000.00, gave the St. Paul 
 companies a better and more permanent home than that of any other 
 portion of the Guard, until it was demolished in 1903, to make way for 
 the very fine armory which has been built by the city and is now ready 
 for occupancy, at a total cost of $200,000.00. 
 
 "C" Company has furnished to the National Guard of Minnesota more 
 officers to serve outside of its own ranks than all other companies of the 
 Guard put together. Of two brigadier-generals commanding our brigade, 
 it has had one (Gen. Bend). Of eight colonels who have commanded our 
 three regiments, it has had four (Cols. Bend, Wright, Shandrew and Van 
 Duzee), and of majors, captains and lieutenants, at least ten. The ap- 
 pointments from among its active or veteran members to positions on the 
 governor's, the brigade and regimental staffs, from the rank of brigadier- 
 general to that of sergeant, have been " too numerous to mention. " When- 
 ever a new or weak company or regiment needed an efficient officer, or the 
 governor needed a handsome or competent man for his staff, our old com- 
 pany has been called upon, and has never failed to respond promptly. 
 
 One of the original members, General William B. Bend, by his untiring 
 devotion to its interests, his intelligent labors and fine military spirit, for 
 more than twenty years of service, contributed more to the advancement 
 of the National Guard of Minnesota than any other individual in the state. 
 In this work he was always ably assisted by other ex-members of Company 
 "C" who served on his staff. Another original member of the com- 
 pany had the good fortune, as president of the National Guard Veteran 
 Association, by direct correspondence and protest, and by calling public at- 
 tention to the illegal, unpatriotic and impolitic nature of his contemplated 
 action, to prevent Governor Clough from carrying out his definitely an- 
 nounced purpose of mustering out of the service of the state the three regi- 
 ments of our National Guard, while they were absent from the state as vol- 
 unteers during the Spanish-American War. 
 
 The company has acquitted itself nobly under the supreme test of active 
 service and of battle. All calls for home duty have been promptly re- 
 sponded to, and the duty faithfully and well performed. As Company 
 "C "of the 13th Minnesota Volunteers, in some respects it excelled all other 
 companies of the regiment. According to the official records, it was en- 
 gaged in twenty-nine of the thirty-seven actions and skirmishes in which 
 
 10 
 
Days 
 
 the regiment, or any portion of it, took part, exceeding any other com- 
 pany by two. It lost by death in action, one; by death from disease, five 
 and had twelve men wounded in battle, making a total of eighteen cas- 
 ualties. No other company of the regiment exceeded eight. In personal 
 gallantry and devotion to duty, no soldier in the service excelled your com- 
 rade. Private Herbert L. Keeler. Thus, in everything which distinguishes 
 the American citizen soldiery, Company "C" has shown itself the equal 
 of the best and excelled by none. 
 
 11 
 
History of Company 
 
 Colonel A L Waci!^er. 
 
 OL. A. L. WAGNER, who was too busy to write for the 
 souvenir, but who sent the editors a letter wishing them 
 success in their work. 
 
 Col. Wagner is the highest military tactics authority in 
 the world and the pride of the American military system. 
 
 12 
 
Reminiscences 
 
 By Gen. W, B. geiLd 
 
 [or many years prior to 1880 the National Guard of Minnesota 
 consisted of one company, the Governor's Guards of New 
 Ulm, now Company "A," Second Infantry. The company 
 wore an incongruous uniform, consisting of a gray swallow- 
 tail coat, and gray trousers with a yellow stripe, such as 
 is worn by the cavalry. It had a drum corps under the com- 
 mand of a grizzled veteran, who carried a cavalry saber. I saw the company 
 for the first time in 1879, on the occasion of a review tendered to Governor 
 
 13 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 Pillsbury,on Exchange street, opposite to the capitol,and, singular to relate, 
 the review commenced with a "sound off" by the drum corps, which 
 marched from the right of the company to the left and back, just as is 
 prescribed for the band at dress parade. I mention this to show how crude 
 at that time were the ideas of military ceremonies. 
 
 During the winter of 1879-80, a martial spirit arose in St. Paul and 
 Minneapolis, and two companies were formed in Minneapolis, the Minneapolis 
 Light Infantry, now Company A, First Infantry, and the Minneapolis 
 Zouaves, for a short time Company B, First Infantry. This was followed 
 in April, 1880, by the formation of the St. Paul Guards, now Company "C," 
 First Infantry. The members of the St. Paul Guards were an enthusiastic 
 set of men, but unfortunately a large number of them were society men 
 who considered a ball or the first presentation of a play at the opera house 
 far more important than a drill, and, as a consequence, on many Monday 
 nights there were gaps in the ranks. Then there were men who signed the 
 roll who only joined to escape jury duty, and who took little interest in the 
 actual work, but, luckily, there were few of this class. I well remember 
 one of them whose waist was so large that he had to splice two belts together 
 in order to wear his bayonet scabbard. At that time the exodus from lower 
 town had but recently commenced, and there was a strong feeling of rivalry 
 between the residents of lower town and those of upper town, and when an 
 election for non-commissioned officers was held (they were not then ap- 
 pointed by the captain) lines were sharply drawn between the " lower town 
 gang " and the "upper town gang, "although all in the best natured manner. 
 
 The company drilled at first in Pfeiffer Hall, on Wabasha street, and 
 the uniforms were, to say the least of it, " various, " many of the men ap- 
 pearing in citizen's dress and others in apologies of various kinds. Neverthe- 
 less, good progress was made in the school of the soldier, although no arms 
 were furnished by the state for nearly a year after the organization of the 
 company. 
 
 During the summer of 1880 a riot was threatened at the shops of the 
 Manitoba Railway (now the Great Northern) at the head of Jackson street, 
 and, Captain Bunker being absent on leave, the Adjutant-General asked 
 me whether the St. Paul Guards could respond to a call. I said: " Yes ; issue 
 arms and ammunition, give me an hour to teach the men the loadings and 
 firings, and the St. Paul Guards will report for duty. " In some way the 
 turbulent spirits at the shops heard that a fierce company of fighters was 
 
 14 
 
Reminiscences 
 
 ready to wipe them off the face of the earth, and the incipient riot did not 
 take place, but I have no doubt that had it been inaugurated the St. Paul 
 Guards would have given a good account of themselves. 
 
 In the fall of that year the city gave us the use of the upper part of 
 the Market House, where the Library is now, and we drilled there. 
 
 In December, Captain Bunker resigned, and in February, 1881, I was 
 elected captain. The first street appearance of the Guards was in an even- 
 ing parade through lower town, in the spring of that year, on which occasion 
 they were headed by an amateur band, composed of the employes of Dyer 
 & Brother, under the leadership of " Doc. Dyer. " The parade was a suc- 
 cess, and the company at once adopted a dress uniform, consisting of a 
 white tunic, blue trousers and a helmet, and in this dress the company made 
 its first appearance by daylight, on the occasion of a reception of some 
 German societies which had assembled here to take part in a schuetzenfest. 
 A curious feature in connection with this parade was that some of the mem- 
 bers of the company were so averse to appearing singly in the streets in 
 uniform, that they came to the armory wearing linen dusters over their 
 equipments. Shortly afterwards, the merchants presented the company 
 with a handsome stand of colors. 
 
 In February, 1882, several other companies having been organized in 
 the state. Governor Hubbard formed the Guard in two battalions, and I 
 was elected Major of the First Battalion, consisting of the two Minneapolis 
 companies previously mentioned, the St. Paul Guards and the Allen Light 
 Guard,now Company "D," First Infantry, and this terminated my immediate 
 connection with my old command, but I have always cherished a warm 
 feeling for it, and I have been proud of its success. 
 
 Those of us who were among the original organizers of the company 
 cannot help contrasting the ideas then prevalent as to drill and discipline, 
 and those of the present time, and we are proud that we were able to take 
 part in the organization of the National Guard of this state, and that the 
 outcome of our efforts is the efficient Guard of today. 
 
 15 
 
The Minnesota Guard 
 
 By Col. Wm. Gerlach, U. S. A., Retired 
 
 [HE STATE is the personification of the moral life of a nation, 
 and perfect freedom within it is only attainable when the 
 individual will of every citizen is loyally subject to law, 
 and his private interest is one with that of the common- 
 wealth. To bring about this condition of affairs, many in- 
 stitutions must necessarily be adopted, all must cheer- 
 fully submit to a certain course of discipline, and willingly perform their 
 public duties. This alone will insure the degree of harmony essential to 
 a successful management of public interests. Now, if we consider that 
 human nature is not perfect, that man's passions cannot be fully subdued, 
 that consequently disturbing elements are present in every community, 
 that differences are apt to arise, even among the most civilized peoples, 
 which are liable to lead to war, it becomes evident that no government can 
 fulfill efficiently its mission to maintain its authority at home, or its prestige 
 in the family of nations, without the support of force. These reasons com- 
 mand the development of the military resources of a well regulated state. 
 Futhermore, when we contemplate the true aim of statesmanship to be the 
 protection of the country's integrity and the fostering of the public interest 
 amidst the ever active struggle of powers not fully under our control, we 
 will readily perceive that the success of a nation's policy depends upon its 
 readiness for attack and defense. 
 
 In view of these premises, our government rightly demands that every 
 able-bodied citizen who would enjoy the privilege of living under our free 
 democratic republican institutions, shall render military service. Based 
 upon this right, our mihtia laws have been enacted. These laws, or rather 
 their enactment alone, will not carry out the intent of the legislators unless 
 they are practically executed, and amended when altered conditions de- 
 mand a change. This course was, unfortunately, not always pursued in 
 the United States. Until very recently, statutes enacted in 1792 and soon 
 thereafter, long obsolete, have been allowed to stand. Worse still, popular 
 sentiment, founded on inherited prejudice against a permanent military 
 establishment, which alone can furnish competent instructors and leaders 
 for the volunteer when called into service, has exerted a most pernicious in- 
 
 16 
 
Brig. Gen- C. C. C. Ca 
 
/' 
 
 «\ ^^U^^v 
 
 
 ^.ai^g^^a»js 
 
The Minnesota Gua 
 
 fluence on our military policy. When the Revolutionary War ended, the 
 the army of the states was disbanded ; only with the greatest difficulty did 
 General Washington and a few of his compatriots succeed, in the convention 
 which framed the constitution, to embody in the latter the authority for 
 the general government to maintain an army in time of peace. The regular 
 army was never of adequate strength to the needs of the country, and so 
 the main dependence for defense rested upon an unorganized, undisciplined 
 militia. The country paid dearly for this neglect. During the second war 
 with Great Britain, we see a burned capitol, frequent disaster in battle, ter- 
 rible suffering of the raw levies in the field. We were little better prepared 
 when war broke out with Mexico; the old experience was repeated in 1861. 
 In spite of all these costly lessons, we had to change old laws and reorganize 
 our land forces when the conflict with Spain was forced upon us. The pa- 
 triotism of the people, our unlimited resources, assured final victory in all 
 these cases, but what excuse can be made for the avoidable loss of precious 
 lives, or the suffering due to the neglect of the nation to make timely pro- 
 vision for the emergency of war? 
 
 Now light is dawning. Our regular army has been reorganized upon a 
 modern basis, our long coast line is gradually being put in a state for effective 
 defense. The greatest stride in advance, however, is the passage by Congress 
 of the so-called Militia Bill, the act to promote the efficiency of the militia, 
 and for other purposes, approved January 21, 1903. The purpose of this 
 law, which supersedes the old acts above already referred to, is to make the 
 organized military forces of the states of the union in reality what they have 
 long been in name, " A National Guard. " This is accomplished, thanks to 
 the watchful care of the Interstate National Guard Association, working in har- 
 mony with the committees of Congress on the militia, without doing violence 
 to the privileges of the states, or interference with their sovereign powers. 
 It leaves to states the control of their guard and its training, in accordance 
 with the regulations prescribed for the regular army and volunteers, giving 
 exclusive power to the general government only when troops are duly called 
 into active service by the President. As a partial return for financial as- 
 sistance in defraying camp expenses, and the issue of arras and accou- 
 trements, the United States requires the assimilation of the organization of 
 the state troops and their equipment to that prescribed by proper authority 
 for regulars and volunteers, within five years from the passage of the act 
 of 1903. By such action and effective training, it is intended to qualify 
 
 17 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 the National Guard to take its place as an integral part of the United States 
 forces, and to work smoothly with regular troops in the field, or to take 
 their place in garrison in case of mobilization. The law further provides 
 that before a state can participate in the distribution of the appropriation, 
 now one million dollars annually, made by R. S. 1661', as amended, the 
 Secretary of War must be satisfied, through an inspection by an officer of 
 the regular establishment, that the organized militia of the state is effectually 
 equipped for field service. In this connection it is certainly advisable, in 
 fact necessary, so to frame state laws and regulations affecting the National 
 Guard that they will be as nearly like those established for the United States 
 army as local conditions will permit. Officers of the Guard, particularly those 
 charged with administrative duties, should acquire a thorough knowl- 
 edge of army regulations in order that they may be able promptly to 
 procure, issue and account for supplies and provide shelter and transporta- 
 tion. All troops should be familiar with the rendition of returns and reports 
 and the keeping of records. A reasonable degree of familiarity with service 
 routine and customs will enable troops to obtain, without friction, their 
 various allowances, and save them much annoyance, prevent discomfort, 
 and even suffering. It is wrong to defer the acquirement of such knowledge 
 to the period of active service, when other important duties demand at- 
 tention. 
 
 Let us not forget, however, that the National Guard cannot be made an ef- 
 ficient military body by the passage of laws and study of regulations alone. 
 To be really useful as an instrument of defense or offense, it must be a 
 nucleus around which our volunteers may rally, and to which they may 
 look for instructors and leaders when their organization becomes necessary. 
 Success in this direction is dependent, above all else, upon the individual 
 efforts of the personnel in all ranks of our organized militia. Intelligent, 
 patriotic men, who, of their own free will and choice, enter our "standing 
 army of citizens, " with no hope of immediate reward except the conscious- 
 ness that they are doing their duty to their country, will surely find pleasure 
 in striving for improvement. Where this spirit prevails, the highest degree 
 of discipline, "doing duty for duty's sake," will surely be attained, and 
 the object of the organization fully accomplished. Hard, persistent and 
 systematic work in every direction should therefore be the watchword of 
 the Guardsman. He should not allow himself to be discouraged by evidence 
 of lukewarm support by friends, or opposition, open or covert, by any class 
 
 18 
 
The Minnesota Guard 
 
 of our population. Intelligent men in all walks of life, if they observe the 
 performance and deportment of the true citizen soldier, will sooner or later 
 appreciate the fact that the acquirement of orderly habits, respect for 
 authority and the physical training, which are the more important elements 
 in a course of army discipline, make a better citizen of the man who has 
 gone through it. The National Guard is bound to be a potent factor in the 
 awakening of a true martial spirit in the nation at large, which will ulti-; 
 mately make possible the full development of our country's fighting 
 power on land and sea. Preparation for war in time of peace is the best 
 assurance against the calamity of war, or interference by any world power 
 with American commerce or legitimate enterprises in foreign parts, the 
 prosecution of which increases our national wealth and assures the pros- 
 perity of our producing classes. 
 
 Starting from these premises, we may contemplate with pride and a 
 feeling of satisfaction, the history of Minnesota troops. The gallant charge 
 of the heroes of the First Infantry at Gettysburg, the record of other brave 
 men on many a battlefield, 1861-65, in the Philippines during the Spanish- 
 American War, the conduct of the regiments who volunteered in a body in 
 1898, for war service, show what men from Minnesota can do. Many who 
 served with honor during the late war have returned to the Guard, and their 
 presence and influence on the younger members is everywhere in evidence. 
 All this justifies the expectation that the organized militia of Minnesota 
 will be ready to do its duty if called into service of the United States, and 
 that no effort will be spared to make it what it can and should be, "second 
 to none of the country's defenders. " 
 
 19 
 
Benefits of Military Life 
 
 By Capt. John F. Snow 
 
 C^^^jl^jjg Minnesota National Guard, constituting part of " the or- 
 '^ ganized militia of the United States," is, under the new 
 military law, being trained and prepared for active ser- 
 vice with much greater care than ever before. Many changes 
 in the routine work and management of organizations 
 have occurred since what is known as " the Dick law " be- 
 came effective. This measure is officially known as "an act to promote 
 the efficiency of the militia, and for other purposes," and became a law 
 January 21st, 1903. It provides, among other things, for an annual ap- 
 propriation by the federal government toward the support of the various 
 state troops in the matter of uniforms, arms and equipment. It further pro- 
 vides for the services of regular army officers, detailed by the war depart- 
 ment for the instruction and inspection of the "organized militia of the 
 United States, " including the district of Columbia. In order to facilitate 
 the work of improvement, the state soldiers are now annually assembled 
 with the regular troops for the joint execution of field manoeuvers, and in 
 so doing acquire valuable knowledge and experience which cannot be de- 
 rived from any other source. 
 
 Under this new law the state forces are required to be, in so far as 
 equipment and efficiency are concerned, on an equal footing with the 
 United States army by the year 1908. To the uninitiated, this means 
 little; but those of National Guard experience and particularly men who 
 have, for any length of time, had the experience of being commanding 
 officers of the unit of organization — the company, troop or battery — 
 understand only too well the significance and full import of those re- 
 quirements. 
 
 Today the captain of an infantry company must, of necessity, keep 
 constantly in his mind the many minor details of work imposed upon 
 him by the observance of the new law in addition to his own state regu- 
 lations, while formerly he had only the state law or "military code" 
 to comply with and be governed by. One of the greatest improvements has 
 been the adoption of the identical forms and blanks for all reports and 
 returns, clothing accounts, descriptive books, etc., that are being used in 
 
 20 
 
Benefits of Military Lif 
 
 the regular establishment. The advantage of this is obvious when it is 
 known that periodical returns must be rendered direct to the war department 
 by every state in time of peace; and when called out by the President to 
 serve in conjunction with regular troops and those of other states, the 
 same information in detail must be furnished at the same time by all or- 
 ganizations in such service. 
 
 In the opinion of those who think deeply, the new military law will 
 cause wondrous changes in a few years. The results to be obtained will 
 prove quite surprising to many who scoffed at the mere idea of a comparison 
 of the National Guard with the regulars. The wisdom and foresight of Con- 
 gress in passing this measure without a single amendment, is easily apparent 
 when we remember how utterly unprepared for war was Uncle Sam in April, 
 1898, when President McKinley called for 125,000 volunteers, which number 
 was increased a month later to 200,000. True, our small standing army 
 was rapidly swelled by the addition of volunteers, a large percentage 
 of whom were, at the time, members of the National Guard, but how much 
 time, labor and expense would have been saved had the state troops been 
 fully equipped and properly armed with the magazine rifle, with each in- 
 dividual member to be depended, upon for at least nine months' service, 
 as he is now compelled to be. It was a costly experience for our govern- 
 ment, but has taught a valuable lesson. The matter of recruiting each 
 company to war strength is a question of but a few days, and with careful, 
 systematic instruction the new men can be "licked into shape" in a com- 
 paratively short time. So we find ourselves, in spite of our daily civilian 
 duties, ever striving to improve our conditions in a military way, because 
 it is our duty to do so, and we owe it to those who may at any time need 
 our services for the protection of human life or property, or the enforce- 
 ment of the law. 
 
 In St. Paul are stationed three companies of the First and one of 
 the Third Infantry and one battery and the engineer company of the 
 First Battalion of Artillery. Each of these has the exclusive use of the 
 armory drill floor on a certain evening each week, but since April 8th, 
 1903, there have been practically no facilities for drilling, as on that 
 date the old armory became a thing of the past, and outdoor work had 
 (o be taken up. The instruction of a recruit is necessarily begun in 
 private, where his awkwardness cannot be noticed and commented upon by 
 outsiders, to the chagrin of the recruit and the annoyance of the instructor. 
 
 21 
 
History of Company 
 
 Of course, such offenders may be summarilj' dealt with according to military 
 law, although that would not always be the best course to pursue. Oc- 
 casionally, however, it is found necessary to fill in blank files with new 
 men in order to execute certain company movements which the captain 
 desires to include in his drill program, and one can readily understand 
 the inconvenience recruits are subjected to while drilling in the public 
 streets. The inadequate floor space in the temporary armory made it 
 almost impossible to carry on the work as it should have been done, and 
 field movements had to be abandoned on drill nights. On account of their 
 importance, however. Company " C " took advantage of every opportunity 
 to become more proficient in the battle exercises, and on the rifle range 
 during the weekly shoot, squads of men under non-commissioned officers 
 could be seen in the extended order drills while awaiting their turn at the 
 targets. 
 
 Notwithstanding the handicap of crowded quarters, during the winter 
 of 1903-4 the work was taken up as systematically as possible. Schools 
 of instruction for the company commissioned and non-commissioned officers 
 were conducted in addition to the regular drills, thus requiring at least 
 two evenings each week for these duties alone. The persistent efforts 
 put forth by all, and the hearty co-operation of officers and men showed 
 gratifying results in the spring of 1904, when Major(now Lieutenant-Colonel) 
 William Gerlach, U. S. A., retired, inspecting officer for Minnesota, after 
 his annual inspection of the company, its records, arms and equipments, 
 could utter none but the highest words of praise. Every member was present 
 on this occasion. 
 
 In the matter of rifle practice, Company " C " has always stood at or 
 near the head of the companies in the state, and this year was no excep- 
 tion. One of its members enjoys the distinction of being the best shot 
 in the state, and in addition, the names of thirty-five marksmen adorn 
 the company roster. With the advantage of the indoor range in the new 
 armory, even better results are assured for next season. 
 
 Company "C" has the use of the drill floor every Monday night, and 
 may be seen on any Monday devoting a couple of hours to good, hard work 
 in the interests of the people; but never a word of complaint is heard as 
 a result of overwork, and it is a pleasure to drill such men, as well as to 
 watch their work. It is not generally known that the infantry drill reg- 
 ulations have just undergone a complete revision by a board of army 
 officers with a view of improving and still simplifying them. 
 
 22 
 
Benefits of Military Lif 
 
 This necessitates the devotion of more time to study, school and 
 drill than would otherwise have been the case, until the many changes 
 have been thoroughly mastered, but with the knowledge that the local 
 companies are about to take up quarters in the new armory, the boys 
 look forward with increased interest to the coming winter, when, after 
 all duties have been performed, the balance of the evening may be devoted 
 to pleasure in commodious quarters, amid agreeable surroundings, and 
 with sociable companions. Company "C" today, as always, may be said 
 to carry on its rolls the names of young men of the most desirable class 
 only, and in fact no others can hope to be accepted. No applicant is ad- 
 mitted to membership without having first complied with all requirements 
 of the company constitution and by-laws. He is told what the duties 
 of a soldier consist of and just what is expected of him. Should he still 
 be willing to become a National Guardsman, his application is held until 
 it is found that the prospective recruit is a fit person to become an active 
 member, and then voted upon by the company at its next civil meeting. 
 If elected his enlistment papers are prepared and he submits to a physical 
 examination. Having successfully passed this, the applicant takes the 
 oath of enlistment for three years' service and signs the papers, after which 
 he is turned over to the company quartermaster to be furnished with a 
 rifle, uniform and complete service outfit, for which he is personally re- 
 sponsible to his captain. The recruit is then ready for his first instruction, 
 and by degrees acquires the knowledge which it is necessary for every 
 soldier to possess; not alone in the drill, but to take care of himself at all 
 times and under all conditions, even to preparing his own meals. He is told 
 that obedience is the first duty of a soldier. He learns the proper use of 
 his rifle, and how to take care of it, for it may some day be the means of 
 saving his life. He becomes, as time passes, more and more imbued with 
 that patriotic spirit which only military service can impart. After one 
 or two appearances before the public in a military parade, celebrating 
 an anniversary or other great event, or perhaps in an escort at a military 
 funeral, he acquires more confidence in himself and actually enjoys his 
 new surroundings. But the great event of the year to which all look 
 forward with genuine pleasure (because they have earned it by a year's 
 hard work) is the annual encampment of instruction at Camp Lakeview. 
 Unfortunately, some people have the wrong impression of what constitutes 
 life in a military camp. They believe that too much time is devoted to 
 
 23 
 
History of Company *'C" 
 
 pleasure and not enough to duty. Show me such a person and I will show 
 you one who still has a great deal to learn ; he probably is not a patriot 
 himself and never will be; he either never saw a military camp or did not 
 spend sufficient time in one to become acquainted with all phases of life 
 therein, including the hard work and the official punishment of parties 
 guilty of offenses, be they soldiers or civilians; his one thought is to take 
 care of himself, and the world can get along much better without people 
 of his calibre. 
 
 There is much valuable knowledge derived from a tour of duty in 
 camp, for in these progressive days there is far more work than pleasure; 
 still, taking the true soldier's view of it, military duty is a pleasure in 
 itself. Every man is paid for his ser\'ices, and he performs his duty to 
 the best of his ability, and at the completion of a ten days' tour at Camp 
 Lakeview, on the breezy shores of historic Lake Pepin, where he is secure 
 from the bores of city life, he feels satisfied that, after all, his time 
 has been spent to advantage, and he returns mentally and physically re- 
 freshed, fully equal to the task of resuming his daily vocations at home. 
 
 An infantry company in Minnesota consists of one captain, one first 
 lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster- 
 sergeant, four sergeants, six corporals, two cooks, two musicians, one 
 artificer and from 26 to 56 privates, or a maximum of 76 men all told. 
 Company "C," First Infantry, now has a membership of 66 officers and 
 men. When a vacancy occurs in the line of non-commissioned officers, it 
 is customary to make promotions in the order of seniority, but a man's 
 record and ability are always considered. Usually examinations are held 
 for promoting a private to the rank of corporal, or the captain may ap- 
 point a man who, he knows from personal observation, will do justice 
 to the position. Company ofiicers are elected by all the members of the 
 company. Under the new drill regulations, the duties and responsibility of 
 the non-commissioned officers are somewhat increased, so that each cor- 
 poral is immediately responsible for the actions of the men in his squad> 
 as well as their proper instruction and attendance at drills, parades and 
 inspections. Each duty sergeant, of whom there are four, has supervision 
 of a section of two or more squads, the corporals reporting to him. The 
 duties of the first sergeant and quartermaster-sergeant have changed 
 but slightly. Through the former the captain publishes all orders 
 affecting the command and issues instructions to individuals. The first ser- 
 
 24 
 
Benefits of Military Life 
 
 geant also has personal charge of all the military books and records of 
 the company, except those kept by the quartermaster, who, by the way, 
 is in a class by himself, and a very busy man, although he has the assistance 
 of the artificer. The first sergeant also has a clerk appointed from the list 
 of privates by the captain. The two musicians are trumpeters, whose 
 duties are, in short, to sound calls at the proper time, whether at the armory 
 or in camp, in peace or war. In the latter case, during the roar and din of 
 battle, verbal commands cannot be heard or are imperfectly understood, 
 and at such a time a good bugler becomes valuable, since most of the com- 
 mands for the simpler movements can be given on the bugle, as well as 
 those to commence or cease firing. The company cooks are required to 
 be experts in their line, and such a thing as being late in the serving of mess 
 is unknown to them. They must be ever punctual as well as proficient. 
 
 As before stated, the company is divided into squads. The assignment 
 of men to squads is only changed for good and sufficient reasons. For the 
 purpose of calling out the company in an emergency another division by squads 
 is prepared and kept revised to date. Each non-commissioned officer has 
 a squad of men who are employed or reside in his immediate vicinity, and 
 at any time during the day or night he can reach them without delay. In 
 this way an entire company could be assembled, armed and respond to a 
 call within a few hours, or a platoon in much less time. 
 
 Among the interesting features of the program for the coming winter 
 are competitive drills and shooting contests between the two platoons in 
 command of lieutenants, and the various squads under their respective 
 corporals. The winners of each event will receive gold or silver medals. 
 Cash prizes may also be included. The bayonet race and the shoe race 
 which afforded much amusement and instruction at Camp Lakeview last 
 summer when introduced by Company " C, " are to be placed upon the pro- 
 gram. The annual competitive drill for the BuUard gold medal by the 
 members of this company only, will be an interesting event. 
 
 Social entertainments of various kinds will not be lacking, and as 
 soon as the gymnasium apparatus in the new armory is installed by the 
 individual companies, and the reading rooms and other attractions have 
 been thrown open, the progressive young man of today will have no excuse 
 to offer for failing to educate himself up to a high degree of American 
 citizenship by a three-year enlistment in the Minnesota National Guard in 
 the city of St. Paul. 
 
 25 
 
Retrospective 
 
 By H. D. Frankel 
 
 [ENERAL William H. Taft, secretary of war, is one of the 
 busiest men in America. He is in great demand as a public 
 speaker as well as an official. 
 
 Therefore, when the editorial board called on Mr. Taft 
 for an article, it was a condescension on the part of the 
 busiest official in America to even answer the letter. 
 But Mr. Taft did answer the letter and wished the editorial board suc- 
 cess in its work. He also sent us a beautiful picture of himself, which will 
 for many years to come adorn this souvenir and the company room. 
 
 General Taft was busy making speeches for President Roosevelt in 
 Ohio when the letter reached him, and immediately after returned to 
 Washington, where he began work on the compilation of the annual 
 report of the war department. 
 
 Company "C" feels honored with being allowed to use the General's 
 picture. 
 
 26 
 
Retrospective 
 
 By H. D. Frankel 
 
 history of Company "C" dates from the earliest days of the 
 growth of a sentiment in St. Paul in favor of a local military 
 organization. For several years immediately preceding the 
 spring of 1880, there had been no such organization, though 
 at various times during the previous history of the city some 
 very creditable companies had been maintained — notably the 
 oWPioneer Guards, "Company"A"of what is known as the old First regi- 
 ment, the " St. Paul Rifles, " and other companies which had continued for 
 but short periods. 
 
 Believing that a first class company was an essential to such a city as 
 St. Paul had then become, and that it was the duty of those of its citizens 
 who were disposed to give their time and services for the benefit of the public 
 in that way to maintain such a company, Mr. E. S. Chittenden, who had beena 
 member of the Fifty-fourth regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., about March 1, 1880, 
 suggested to Capt. Charles S. Bunker, who was an ex-member of the Twenty- 
 second regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and who had previously been prominent in 
 inilitary circles of this state, and who is now inspector-general of our 
 National Guard, the propriety of attempting such an organization. It was 
 a timely suggestion, and led to the institution of a committee, consisting of 
 Capt. Bunker, George Farwell,who had been a member of old Company "A" 
 of St. Paul, and Mr. Chittenden, for the purpose of securing the formation 
 of a first-class citizens' corps. A circular was issued and addressed to a 
 large number of the best young men of the city, with the result that, after a 
 great deal of personal solicitation and work, a meeting was held at the rooms 
 of the Chamber of Commerce, at Bridge Square, in St. Paul, on the evening 
 of the 15th of March, 1880, of which meeting the following is a transcript of 
 the minutes taken by the secretary: 
 
 "At Chamber of Commerce, St. Paul, Minnesota, March 15, 1880. 
 The meeting for this evening was called to order, and, on motion of E. 
 S. Chittenden, Mr. Bend was elected chairman and took the chair. On 
 motion of Thomas Cochran, Mr. E. S. Chittenden was elected secretary. 
 After presentation of the objects of the meeting and consideration of the 
 same, on motion of Capt. Bunker, the chairman was directed to appoint a 
 
 27 
 
History of Company **C" 
 
 committee of six for the purpose of considering the expense, etc., and report- 
 ing at a future meeting. The chairman appointed Capt. Bunker, Mr. Chitten- 
 den, Mr. Cochran, Mr. Oxley, and Mr. Larkin as such committee. On motion 
 of Mr. Marvin, the secretary was instructed to notify each person to whom 
 the first circular was sent of the time of the next meeting. On motion, 
 this meeting was adjourned until Monday evening, March 22. Attest: 
 E. S. Chittenden." 
 
 The result of the subsequent meetings was the organization of a military 
 company to be known as the "St. Paul Guards," of which Capt. C. S. 
 Bunker was elected captain, W. B. Bend, (formerly of the 7th regiment, 
 N. G. S. N. Y., and since promoted by grade until brigadier-general of the 
 N. G. S. M.) first lieutenant, and W. H. Oxley(formerly of old company A), 
 second lieutenant. Capt. Bunker subsequently appointed F. P. Wright 
 (afterward second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain of this company, 
 and later colonel of the 3rd regiment, N. G. S. M.), as acting first sergeant, 
 and the company began its drills early in April,in Pfeiffer Hall, subsequently 
 meeting in Market Hall. In the spring of 1881, Capt. Bunker having 
 resigned his command, First Lieut. Bend was elected to the captaincy. 
 The company about this time adopted a full dress uniform, which consisted 
 of a white, double-breasted frock coat trimmed with blue, light blue trousers 
 with black stripe, and the new United States regulation helmet. In this 
 uniform it made its first parade in August, 1881, and in September the 
 company (headed by a band organized and uniformed by Dyer & Howard 
 of this city, and made its special band) paraded to Minneapolis and called 
 upon Gov. Pillsbury. It also took part in the funeral obsequies in honor 
 of Pres. Garfield. 
 
 The St. Paul Guards were designed to be an independent citizens' 
 corps, and were maintained as such in good force and efficiency until the 
 organization of the State National Guard, when it took its place as Company 
 "C," which designation it has since retained, in the 1st battalion, and after- 
 wards in the 1st regiment of N. G. S. M., which was commanded by Col. 
 Bend, its first lieutenant. 
 
 At the time of the formation of the St. Paul Guards, there were in 
 existence in the state of Minnesota four other companies, one of which 
 (Company "A" of the 2nd regiment), had maintained its organization from 
 April 5, 1871, the Minneapolis Light Infantry (Company "A" of the 1st regi- 
 ment), from July, 1871, the Winona Guards,of Winona (now Company"C" 
 
 28 
 
R 
 
 of the 2nd regiment), from November, 1879, and the Minneapohs Zouave 
 Guards, from February, 1880; but the latter speedily died out when the 
 various companies of the state were mustered into its service as militia. 
 
 The organization of the St. Paul Guards was speedily followed in St. 
 Paul by that of the Allen Guards (Company D, 1st regiment), the Emmet 
 Light Artillery, Company " E," of the 1st regiment, and by various other 
 companies throughout the state, the military enthusiasm of its citizens 
 having received a new impulse. 
 
 In the fall of 1880 a military convention was called, largely through 
 the exertions of the St. Paul Guards, and held its session in this city. Its 
 object was the promotion of the interests of the military companies of 
 this state, and the securing of a proper militia law and assistance from the 
 state toward the maintenance of an efficient military organization. 
 
 In this convention the delegates from the St. Paul Guards (Gen. Bend and 
 Mr. Chittenden), took a prominent part, and the latter was selected chair- 
 man of a committee for the preparation of an act to be submitted at the 
 ensuing session of the legislature. The original draft of this act (which was 
 passed by the legislature, and approved February 28, 1881, with little or 
 no change) was made by, and is now in the possession of, Mr. Chittenden, 
 and has been the foundation, and still remains the basis, with scarcely any 
 change, except by way of adapting its provisions to the greater numbers 
 of the National Guard, of our miUtary code of laws. 
 
 The members of Company C were very active in securing the passage 
 of this law and an appropriation from the legislature for the benefit of 
 the National Guard; and shortly after its passage the various companies 
 of the militia in the state were organized into two battalions, of which 
 the First was commanded by Major (now General) Bend, and when the 
 battalions were enlarged into regiments, Major Bend was promoted to the 
 command of the 1st regiment, with the rank of colonel. 
 
 From its first organization special attention was paid to securing 
 members of good standing and character, with the result of constantly 
 maintaining the company as a first-class military organization, and mak- 
 ing it successful in its undertakings, whether they were of a military or 
 social character. The company was one of the first, if not the first, to 
 suggest the procuring and erection of an armory in the city of St. Paul, 
 and subscribed its full share to the stock issued for that purpose, and con- 
 tributed much more than its full quota to the amount which was raised by 
 
 29 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 the fairs held for the benefit of the armory fund in March, 1883, paying into 
 that fund, from the net receipts of its booths and other enterprises, the sum 
 of $1,118.33. 
 
 Company" C "has contributed from its membership more commissioned 
 officers, and of higher rank, than all other companies in the state of Minne- 
 sota. It has furnished the first brigadier-general of the National Guard 
 of Minnesota, several members, at various times, of the governor's staff, 
 numerous regimental and brigade staff officers, two colonels and one lieuten- 
 ant-colonel of the National Guard, and several captains and other officers 
 of other companies in the state. 
 
 ANNUAL INSPECTIONS 
 
 As is the case with most companies of the National Guard, Company 
 "C'has had its ups and downs, although it has never fallen to the bottom 
 of the list at the annual inspections. Perhaps its lowest register in the 
 order of merit of the National Guard of this state was obtained in the year 
 1887, when the inspector-general stated that "This company fell consid- 
 erably below his expectations, and was not as proficient in either the manual 
 of arms or school of the soldier as it should be. " 
 
 During the following year the company regained its old position of 
 prominence, and the same inspector-general made this statement in his 
 annual report: "Company "C" of the 1st regiment has made the greatest 
 progress during the year. " In the report of the inspector-general for 
 1889, that officer says: "In supplementing the remarks of Inspector- 
 General Brandt contained in his report of 1888, I desire to add that the 
 progress of this company has continued, and from a membership of fifty- 
 five at the inspection in 1888, it now numbers the full strength permissable, 
 i. e., seventy-six officers and enlisted men, and the general appearance, 
 discipline, etc., has correspondingly improved." In his report of that 
 year, Inspector-General Schoeffle placed Company"C"at the top of thelistof 
 companies of the state, with a percentage of 94. 
 
 In 1890 the inspection roll of Company "C" showed that the command 
 had retained its position secured in the previous year, and its order of 
 merit was 97 1-7, only one company of the National Guard having a per- 
 centage that was equal to that figure. In 1891 Inspector-General Bunker's 
 report again showed Company "C" to be among the first in the order of 
 merit among the military organizations of the state. 
 
 30 
 
Retrospecti 
 
 When called upon for active service, as it has been several times dur- 
 ing its existence, Company " C " has faithfully and promptly performed its 
 duty with full ranks, and in every respect has done credit to the service. 
 In the month of July, in the year of 1890, when a hasty order from the 
 governor, issued at seven o'clock in the evening, called for the assembly of 
 three companies of St. Paul, to go to Mora, Minn., to protect settlers from 
 impending dangers at the hands of the Chippewa Indians, Company "Chad 
 73 men out of 76 at the armory at eleven o'clock, all ready for duty. 
 
 It cannot be considered strange that in Company "C," as well as in var- 
 ious other organizations of the National Guard of the state, there should 
 have been a great many changes in the officers since its organization. 
 Several of its commanders have been appointed to staff appointments; 
 others have found the demand of their private business affairs calling 
 for all of their time, and have felt it necessary to resign, so that in one 
 way or another a glance backward through its annals reveals the names 
 of several gentlemen of St. Paul, now unidentified with the company. It 
 is safe to say, however, that each of the ex-members, whether officer or 
 private, retained in his heart a warm spot for Company "C." 
 
 A brief resume of the changes among the officers may prove of interest. 
 Upon the formation of the company, as above referred to, C. S. Bunker 
 was elected captain,W. B. Bend, first lieutenant, and W. H. Oxley, second 
 lieutenant. C. S. Bunker resigned the captaincy February 28, 1881,and 
 First Lieut. Bend was chosen captain, Second Lieut. Oxley promoted to 
 the first lieutenancy, and First Sergt. Fred P. Wright was elected second 
 lieutenant. Soon after Lieut. Oxley's promotion he resigned, and on Dec. 
 12, 1881, Lieut. Wright was promoted to the vacancy, while First Sergt. 
 Chas. F. Sibley (son of the late H. H. Sibley) became second heutenant. 
 
 Upon the formation of the first battalion, March 3, 1882, Capt. Bend 
 was chosen to command it, with the rank of major. Lieut. Wright then 
 became captain of the company, Chas, F. Sibley, first lieutenant, and First 
 Sergt. Wm. M. Becker was elected to the position of second lieutenant. 
 Lieut. Sibley resigned on January 29, 1884, and was succeeded by Lieut. 
 Becker, the second lieutenancy being given to Sergt. Wm. Dawson, Jr., 
 Capt. Wright and Lieut. Becker resigned in April, 1885, and Lieut. Dawson 
 was elected to the command of the company. An election was ordered 
 for May 13th, and on that date Lieut. Dawson was chosen captain, 
 Sergt. A. L. Craig, first lieutenant, and Sergt. Sheldon Blakely, second 
 
 31 
 
History of Company 
 
 lieutenant. In August, 1886, Lieut. Craig found his business affairs so 
 pressing that he was compelled to resign, and the vacancy was filled by the 
 promotion of Lieut. Blakely, while Private Alfred E. Chantler was elected 
 second lieutenant. This was the only instance in the company's history 
 of an officer being chosen directly from the ranks, and was a deserved 
 comphment to Mr. Chantler's efficiency and ability. 
 
 Capt. Dawson's business affairs soon became such that he could not 
 give the company the time it required, and on October 14, 1886, he tendered 
 his resignation, which was reluctantly accepted. At the election which 
 followed the officers chosen were Capt. Blakely, First Lieut. Chantler, and 
 Second Lieut. Frank C. Bailly. In August, 1887, Lieut. Bailly resigned, 
 and was succeeded by First Sergt. Wm. S. Shank. Again the captaincy 
 became vacant February 27, 1888, by the resignation of Capt. Blakely, and 
 on March 26th of the same year Lieut. Chantler was elected captain; Lieut. 
 Shank promoted to be first lieutenant and First Sergt. Chas. A. Van Duzee 
 elected to the second lieutenancy. In December, 1888, Lieut. Shank 
 resigned on account of removal from the city; Lieut. Van Duzee was elected 
 first lieutenant, and on December 26th, First Sergt. Spencer O. Merrill was 
 chosen second lieutenant. 
 
 On June 20, 1890, Capt. Chantler resigned the command of the company 
 to accept the position of inspector of small arms practice of the State Na- 
 tional Guard, with the rank of colonel. Ten days later an election was 
 held, and First Sergt. Herbert C. Braden was chosen captain. Lieuts. 
 Van Duzee and Merrill having resigned, Sergts. Samuel Iverson and Wm. 
 B. Neal were elected first and second lieutenants respectively. Lieut. 
 Neal resigned February 24, 1892, and First Sergt. B. W. Rising was elected 
 second lieutenant. 
 
 Captain Braden resigned March 27, 1893. First Lieutenant Benjamin 
 Rising was elected captain May 8, 1893. First Sergeant Noyes C. Robinson 
 was elected first lieutenant. Warren M. Perkins was made second lieuten- 
 ant from second sergeancy. Kennedy F. Lott, second Ueutenant, had 
 resigned May 2, 1893, and Lieutenant Perkins filled the vacancy. 
 
 Captain Rising resigned January 30, 1895, and Lieutenant Robinson 
 was unanimously elected captain. Lieutenant Perkins was promoted and 
 First Sergeant Clarence G. Bunker was made second lieutenant. On May 7, 
 1898, the company entered the services of the national government as 
 " Company "C," 13th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. " Captain Robinson 
 
 32 
 
R e t r o s p 
 
 was in command, C. G. Bunker first lieutenant and John F. Snow, second 
 lieutenant. On May 29th, 1899, Captain Robinson was made a major in 
 the 13th Minnesota volunteer Infantry, and first lieutenant C. G. Bunker 
 was made captain, John F. Snow first lieutenant. On July 24, 1899, J. M. 
 Smethurst was made second lieutenant. He had previously served as first 
 sergeant. 
 
 Upon the return from the Philippines and after the re-organization 
 of the first regiment, Minnesota National Guard, Noyes C. Robinson was 
 again made captain, John F. Snow was elected first lieutenant, and First 
 Sergeant George K. Sheppard was elected second lieutenant. 
 
 Captain Robinson resigned in April, 1901, and on the eve of camp, July 
 17, 1901, Captain Edwin M. Conrad, former battalion adjutant, 13th Minne- 
 sota Volunteers, and also former captain of Company "K," 1st Infantry, M. 
 N. G.,and Company " K, " 13th Minnesota Volunteers, was elected captain. 
 He accepted the ofiice at a public meeting of the company held at Camp 
 Lakeview July 22, 1901. 
 
 Owing to stress of business Captain Conrad resigned January 29, 1903. 
 February 9th, 1903, First Lieutenant John F. Snow was elected captain, 
 George K. Sheppard was promoted to first Ueutenant, and First Sergeant 
 Robinson was elected second lieutenant. Owing to ill health. Second 
 Lieutenant Robinson resigned December 12, 1903. This grade was filled 
 by the election of A. E. Clark, Jr., January 4, 1904. 
 
 The present organization, therefore, consists of Captain John F. Snow, 
 First Lieutenant George K. Sheppard, Second Lieutenant Arthur E. Clark, Jr. 
 
 " C " Company stands today one of the banner companies of the guard- 
 of this state, the banner company of the St. Paul battalion, first in attend- 
 ance, first on nearly all occasions; 'the pride of our inspector general and 
 friendly with every other company in the guard. Its rooms are head- 
 quarters for the St. Paul battalion, made so by custom of visitors. The 
 company has gained this enviable reputation by being aUve to every situ- 
 ation, quick to make as many friends as possible, and by hard work on 
 the part of a large number of its members. The company has never had 
 the biggest muster of the guard, but what it lacked in numbers it made up 
 in the body of its membership; at all times attempting to have in its ranks 
 men of sterling character, known in the business community or in professional 
 life, and men of whom every citizen might be proud. It is the purpose of 
 the company to keep up good fellowship, not only between its own members, 
 
 33 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 but in the entire battalion. It gives frequent smokers, concert recitals and 
 entertainments, knitting its members firmly together. These are generally 
 open to the public and the other companies of the guard. The company 
 maintains magnificent quarters in the best company room in the new armory. 
 It is elaborately furnished in peculiar Egyptian design, different from any 
 room in any armory in the west. The furnishings are all antique, of dark 
 wood and mission design. 
 
 Company " C " believes it has a right to be justly proud of its achieve- 
 ments and stands ready at all times to do whatever work may fall to its lot. 
 As " C " Company has led in every work until today it stands ready to do its 
 share in the future. 
 
 This is assured by the fact that " C " Company harbors no factions nor 
 chques, but stands an exemplary unified body of dignified American citizen- 
 ship, ready for a public or semi-public duty at the call of duty. 
 
 ^ 
 
 34 
 
Company "C" 
 in Spanish-American War 
 
 By N. C. Robinson 
 
 [T the time of the call of the President for volunteers, " C " 
 Company had on the rolls 50 men; of these 38 immediately 
 volunteered, the others for good and sufficient reasons being 
 unable to go. This left a splendid foundation for a com- 
 pany. The company was recruited up to 125 men in antici- 
 pation of having some men rejected for physical disquali- 
 fications. This recruiting took two days. On the 29th day of April, 1898, 
 the company, together with the companies of the First regiment, Minnesota 
 National Guard, marched to the state capitol and there joined by the Second 
 and Third regiments, N. G. S. M., and headed by Gov. Clough and his full 
 staff, marched to the fair grounds, and there established " Camp Ramsey. " 
 The company was assigned to quarters in stable " K," being one of the 
 barns used during the fair for the exhibition of blooded stock. The men slept 
 two men in a stall, and in this old barn men picked their bunkies and these 
 same men slept together all through the campaign that followed; on the 
 train going to 'Frisco they slept in the same berth, at Camp Merritt they 
 tented together, on the ship "City of Para" their bunks in the hold of the 
 ship were side by side, in "Camp Dewey" they were in the same pup tent, 
 and so on through the campaign. The companionship of the bunkies was 
 interesting to observe — everything they owned they had in common. They 
 were indeed comrades. 
 
 At Camp Ramsey, " C " Company started out with the proposition to 
 whip 75 raw recruits into well drilled soldiers as rapidly as possible. Begin- 
 ning with squad drills, and drilling squads pretty nearly all day, day after 
 day, we soon had men fit to drill in company formation, and when the time 
 came and the surgeons had weeded out the physically unfit men and the 
 company was cut down to 81 men, we had a fairly well drilled organization. 
 The officers of the old company were mustered into service with no 
 change in rank. Captain Noyes C. Robinson in command, first lieutenant, 
 Clarence C. Bunker and second lieutenant, John F. Snow. Each secured 
 promotion. Captain Robinson returning as major, commanding the St. Paul 
 
 35 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 battalion, and Lieutenants Bunker and Snow returning as Captain Bunker 
 and First Lieutenant Snow. Two of them, Robinson and Bunker, were 
 wounded. The vacancy in the commissioned staff caused by these pro- 
 motions was filled by the appointment of First Sergeant John M. Smethurst 
 as second Ueutenant. 
 
 The "non-coms" on May 7th, were First Sergeant Edmund R. Simons; 
 Quartermaster Sergeant Guy H. Thayer; Sergeants John M. Smethurst, 
 Greorge K. Sheppard, Fred C. Robinson and J. McKee Heffner; Corporals 
 John L. Phillips, Walter E. DeLamere, Eugene B. Crandall, A. Frank Kav- 
 anagh, Edward Jungbauer and Charles T. DeLamere. On March 22nd, 
 1899, six additional corporals and a cook corporal were appointed. These 
 were James G. Wallace, Edwin D. Belden, Charles D. Crowther, James H. 
 Fiddes, Charles B. Gordon, David H. Kimball and Cook Corporal Dennis J. 
 McConville. 
 
 On the 7th day of May, 1898, these 81 men were sworn into the service 
 of the United States by the United States mustering officer. At 10 o'clock 
 at night, headed by the Twin City Mandolin club (old friends of the com- 
 pany), they marched from their quarters in stable "K" to the parade ground, 
 and there, by the light of torches, the company as individuals took the oath 
 that made them soldiers of "Uncle Sam." 
 
 On the 16th day of May, our trip across the country to San Francisco 
 started, and it is always a pleasure to look back on the many pleasant inci- 
 dents of that trip. We were unloaded at Oakland Pier, and then loaded 
 again on to the ferry boat to cross the bay to San Francisco. I think none 
 of the boys will ever forget the march from the ferry terminal to Camp 
 Merritt; up hill it seemed all the way, and the men were loaded down 
 with equipments and baggage. They had not yet learned the art of getting 
 along without things, and most of the men were carrying in their knapsacks 
 a great deal more stuff than they needed, or than they would have any use 
 for. But experience soon taught them what they needed and when it came 
 to a march they went loaded pretty light, except when carrying ammunition. 
 
 We were soon settled in ' 'Camp Merritt, " located on the sand dunes 
 of the old Bay State race track, and immediately adjoining the beautiful 
 Golden Gate Park. 
 
 At Camp Merritt we resiuned the old Camp Ramsey drills, and if any 
 change, the work was harder, but in a few weeks we had the finest drilled 
 regiment in the camp. 
 
 36 
 
Company "C" in Spanish-American War 
 
 Life at 'Frisco, in many respects,was delightful. The people of California 
 were a constant surprise to us. The little incidents that happened were all 
 so unexpected. I saw a sergeant of " C "Company sitting alone one day, in 
 a restaurant down town, eating his dinner, when an elderly lady with white 
 hair called a waiter and handing him a large American Beauty rose asked 
 him to hand it to the sergeant. Business men would pick up dinner checks 
 from the tables belonging to soldiers and pay them at the cashier's desk. 
 Their homes were open at all times to the soldiers, and the men and their 
 wives would come to camp and take parties of from two to twelve back to 
 their homes to have dinner or spend the evening. The hospitality of the 
 people was overwhelming. 
 
 On June 27th, the company with the others of the regiment sailed for 
 Manila on the " City of Para. " The scene as we steamed out into the bay 
 was wonderful ; all the wharves along the front were massed with people 
 waving flags, and cheering as we passed. It seemed as if every whistle in 
 'Frisco was blowing, and all the smaller craft of the harbor were out to escort 
 us through the Golden Gate. It was a sight and memory that will always 
 be with us. 
 
 We had hardly more than lost sight of these friends when we began to 
 realize that we were at sea ; the first man sea sick merely served to remind 
 the rest, and by six o'clock that evening 75 per cent of the 1,000 men on 
 board the ship were pretty sure they would never see home again. 
 
 The ship was terribly crowded and the accommodations entirely unfit, 
 and the hardships the men endured the forty days aboard that boat were 
 pretty rough. 
 
 Honolulu was a repetition of 'Frisco, everything was ours. The boys 
 lived on fruit all the time they were there, the doctors to the contrary not- 
 withstanding. 
 
 July 4th was spent at sea, and not a fire-cracker was heard all day, a 
 quiet, peaceful day, but I think we all wished we were back where there was 
 noise and celebration. 
 
 On the afternoon of July 31st, 1899, we sailed past Corregidor Island, 
 and up into the bay toward the city of Manila. We were soon anchored 
 not far away from the ill-fated fleet that had met Dewey three months before. 
 
 Late that afternoon we received our first report of the fall of Santiago, 
 Cuba, and the destruction of Cervera's fleet. What a cheer went up from 
 the boys when the news reached our ears ! 
 
 37 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 On the 7th day of August, we landed in surf boats at Paranaque, amid 
 considerable excitement and much confusion. That night we were again 
 in camp, this time in a peanut field, in a tropical rain storm, wet through, 
 hungry and correspondingly happy. 
 
 On August 10th we had our first duty in the trenches, and aside from 
 a long, hot march and another rain storm, nothing of any consequence hap- 
 pened. 
 
 On the memorable 13th of August, 1898, Company "C" was the first 
 battalion which was ordered up to support the Astor battery at the Cingalon 
 church, where the only real fighting occurred that day. The company was 
 marched up to the firing line in columns of fours under fire. It was not de- 
 ployed, however, but held as support, with Company "C," Twenty-third 
 United States Infantry, protected by the church and an adjacent stone wall. 
 Though on the firing line, the company was not in action. The Astor battery, 
 reinforced by two Minnesota companies, forged ahead about 100 yards, and 
 after some brisk fighting, the fire from the block house diminished, and 
 at this time Lieutenant Bunker ventured up the road to the mountain guns 
 of the battery, picking up Captain (then Lieutenant) E. M. Conrad on the 
 way. The Spanish fire re-commenced stronger than ever, compelling the 
 battery to fall back. A sharpshooter fired upon Lieutenants Bunker and 
 Conrad, who, warned by the close shooting of the hidden enemy, sought 
 shelter, Bunker behind a small tree by the roadside. Each exposure of any 
 part of the lieutenant's body drew a Mauser bullet from the sharpshooter. 
 Thinking he had at last located his man. Lieutenant Bunker stepped out 
 and raised his revolver, but the Spaniard was too quick for him and a Mauser 
 ball shattered the hand holding the revolver. Lieutenant Bunker returned 
 to Camp Dewey, four miles, on foot, and secured surgical attention. Private 
 Henry Tetzlaff was also wounded slightly. The company slept on arms 
 that night in the Spanish barracks, at Malate. August 14th, 1898, it was on 
 outpost duty in Paco, keeping the insurgents out of the city; and the next 
 ten days M'ere spent in guard and outpost duty in the southern suburbs. In 
 the meantime, the regiment had been selected as provost guard, and Com- 
 pany ' 'C" drew Tondo district, that portion of the north city, Ijdng nearest 
 Malabon, then the insurgents' stronghold. 
 
 Thanksgiving day in the Philippines was a memorable one for "C" Com- 
 pany. We had as our guests "C " Company of the First California regiment, 
 and a royal feast we had. 
 
 38 
 
Company **C" in Spanish-American War 
 
 The menu was an elaborate one, including chicken broth, Columbia 
 river salmon, potato and shrimp salads, roast turkey with New England sage 
 dressing, and apple and cranberry sauces, American vegetables, pies of Amer- 
 ican style, California wines, Milwaukee beef and American soft drinks. 
 
 The banquet was followed by an entertainment. Pomeroy and McCar- 
 thy gave a mandolin and guitar selection, and Private Cotton a recitation 
 from "Hamlet." Private Colcord gave a slight-of-hand exhibition, and 
 Sergeant Robinson sang " Monte Carlo. " Privates Gordon and Young did 
 some buck and wing dancing, Private Smith recited, and Private Lyons sang 
 " The Dinner of the Gopher and the Bear, " as follows, words by Heffner and 
 Pomeroy: 
 
 say, there's gwine to be 
 
 A mighty jubilee 
 
 Out here in Tondo district this evening. 
 
 All the boys they are on hand; 
 
 We have a goo-goo band 
 
 To give us music on this great occasion. 
 
 The cause of this affair 
 
 Is a spread ; I do declare 
 
 It's the swellest thing that's happened for many a moon. 
 
 We'll have a turkey there, 
 
 Upon the bill of fare 
 
 For the feeding of the gopher and the bear. 
 
 Chorus : 
 This strange amalgamation 'twixt the states of our nation 
 Gwine to cause an awful jubilee; 
 
 Come, boys, we give you greeting, at this united meeting, 
 The dinner of the gopher and the bear. 
 
 Sergeant Smethurst, of Minnesota, was toastmaster, and toasts were 
 responded to by Capt. Robinson, Capt. Dumbrell, Corporal Searse, First 
 Sergeant Hicks and Private Seeley, of California, and Privates Kimball, 
 Brack, Cotton, Smith and Wallace, of Minnesota. 
 
 On the night of February 4th, 1899, when the firing commenced on the 
 line. Company "C " immediately posted guards throughout the district ad- 
 jacent to Tondo station in anticipation of armed co-operation within the 
 city with the insurgents without. About 6 a. m. of the 5th, a patrolling 
 
 39 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 picket of two men approached a large party of natives, intending to disperse 
 the gathering, and discovered them to be armed, and deeming discretion the 
 better part of valor, started back towards the barracks. The Filipinos 
 gave chase, and the boys, discharging their revolvers into the mob a couple 
 of times, changed the dignified stride of a policeman to that of a college 
 sprinter out after a record. The guard turned out at the sound of revolver 
 firing and without waiting for any formation started on a run for the scene. 
 In the meantime the company was formed and hastened to support the 
 guard. The small squad were found back to back, rapidly but coolly firing 
 up Calle Lemery and down the intersecting side street, along which were 
 flying numbers of the mob. The Filipinos were thoroughly punished. The 
 affair was reported to General Hughes, provost marshal general, who com- 
 mended the action taken. 
 
 From February 5th to 22nd, no open demonstration was made in Tondo, 
 but the guard was increased to such an extent that the men were on duty 
 everj- other day. 
 
 On the night of February 22nd, 1899, Company ' 'C " passed through 
 an experience that was intensely vivid and dramatic. At ' 'taps " on the 
 evening of Washington's Birthday, Tondo was as quiet and calm as a country 
 village at midnight. Shortly before midnight a dull glare a block away be- 
 spoke conflagration. In a few minutes fire sprang up at a dozen different 
 points, and the streets were as light as a tropical noon, disclosing the pres- 
 ence of a large body of armed insurgents who discovered the sentinel almost 
 as soon as he did them. The first a majority of the company knew of the 
 danger, was a volley of Remington 45-calibre bullets through the barrack's 
 light upper structure. And then ensued a pandemonium impossible to 
 adequately describe. Burning bamboo, bursting with a sound hardly dis- 
 tinguishable from musketry, mingled with the yells of frenzied fanatics, 
 and the fierce but ragged volley of Remingtons. 
 
 Nineteen men under Lieutenant Snow were left in quarters, while the 
 balance of the company went out of the gate at double time. Three steps 
 out of the gate a Remington btillet tore Captain Robinson's upper lip. Two 
 men were also wounded, Sergeant George K. Sheppard, shot through the 
 lower part of the right leg, severing the main artery, and Private Thomas 
 F. Galvin, shot through the right shovdder. Arriving at Calle Azcarraga, 
 the company rapidly took skirmish formation, while a squad of six men 
 under then Sergeant Smethurst was placed a block away toward the bay, 
 
 40 
 
Company "C" in Spanish-American War 
 
 a step made necessary by the absence of another company which it had 
 been intended should cover that space. Near the intersection of Lemery 
 and Azcarraga was a pile of paving blocks, and the men in that part of the 
 line crossing this exposed position each seized a stone and dropped it in the 
 street in front of his place in line ; not much of a protection, but better than 
 they had on many a subsequent occasion. For half an hour steady volley 
 firing convinced the insurgents that Tondo was to be the limit of their opera- 
 tions. It was here that private George S. Wooding was shot through both 
 thighs, the same Remington bullet making four wounds. Soon after. Lieu- 
 tenant Hart, regimental quartermaster, arrived on the scene, took command 
 of the company and Captain Robinson was taken to the hospital with the 
 three wounded men. 
 
 Scarcely had the main party of the company left the gate, which was 
 swung shut behind them, when it was surrounded by a hundred yelling 
 Filipinos. The little band of defenders hastily posted themselves at points 
 of vantage. As the natives surged up to the gate and over-reached through 
 it to draw the bolt, the squad in the doorway under Corporal Kavanaugh 
 let them have a volley, killing the one with his arm through the gate, and 
 wounding others. Several rushes for the gate were stopped by cool and 
 effective firing by the squad, and the miscreants finally gave it up as a bad 
 job. For thirty minutes it was a death struggle between not less then 200 
 Filipinos and 20 valiant Minnesotans. 
 
 At daylight, February 23rd, the company barracks and the massive 
 Tondo church were about the only buildings intact in the district. Soon 
 after breakfast thirty-five men of Company ' 'C, " under Lieutenant Snow, 
 joined Company "M," Thirteenth Minnesota, two companies of the Second 
 Oregon, two companies Twenty-third United States Infantry and one troop, 
 Fourth United, States Cavalry, unmounted, for a skirmish through the dis- 
 trict. Beyond the burned district the advance was opposed by line after 
 line of barricades built during the early morning. One killed and half a dozen 
 wounded was the American loss, to which Company * 'C " contributed one 
 wounded, Ira B. Smith, spent ball in the chest. Nearly three months later, 
 at San Isidro, an officer who had been stationed at Malabon during the time 
 the foregoing transpired, thinking peace almost assured, talked freely, and 
 to the inquiries of Company ' 'C " men stated that the force in Tondo that 
 night consisted of 300 soldiers from the insurgent army. 
 
 41 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 From February 23rd to March 19th, 1899, when the company was re- 
 lieved from duty on the provost marshal's guard, the work in Tondo was 
 very light. On March 19th, Company "C" camped on the Lunetta, with 
 the regiment. On the 24th, it marched to the Deposito, and two hours be- 
 fore daybreak of March 25th, the men were stealing off into the darkness 
 in single file, along the Maraquina road. In a fight next morning two men 
 were wounded, Private Arnold Arneson and Private Bert W. Parsons. In 
 this engagement on the Maraquina road. Lieutenant Snow was in command 
 of the company. Captain Robinson being sick in quarters in Manila and 
 Lieutenant Bunker on sick leave in the United States. 
 
 After two days outpost duty on the Maraquina road, the company 
 marched to Caloocan with the regiment and the next morning followed up 
 the advance on Malolos, being with the reserve. At the different railroad 
 bridges taken, a Minnesota company was left as a guard. Company ' 'C " 
 drew Bocaue. 
 
 One morning in April, Corporal Gordon and ten or twelve men worked 
 their way to within 400 yards of Santa Maria, found the town to be full of 
 soldiers, and were in turn discovered and compelled to retreat under a heavy 
 fire. It was then learned that the company was, and had been, for no one 
 knew how long, within twelve miles of the insurgent army headquarters and 
 the temporary abiding place of Agiiinaldo himself. April 9th, the company 
 participated in a three-company skirmish of the territory for three or four 
 miles toward Santa Maria, resulting in locating the insurgent headquarters. 
 
 On the nights of April 10th and 11th, the men of Company ' 'C" stood 
 the severest test of courage and discipline that it was their fortune to en- 
 counter during their entire army experience. About midnight an almost 
 simultaneous attack was made on the railroad track from Caloocan to Bocaue. 
 Bocaue bore the brunt of the attack. Captain Spear, of Company " E, " 
 realized the situation and headed a reinforcing detail of twenty-five of his 
 men. This courageous act of Captain Spear's commended itself more highly 
 from the fact that it cut off Company " E's " strength one-half. This fight 
 cost the life of one of the nerviest boys in the company, Maurice Beatty. In 
 addition John J. Young was shot through the shoulder and face by the 
 same bullet; Beckjord had his thumb clipped; Claude H. Still and Charles 
 DeLamere each a spent ball in the knee. The ability and bravery shown 
 by Lieutenant Snow, then in command of Company "C," was highly 
 commended by all. 
 
 42 
 
Company "C" in Spanish-American War 
 
 April 12th, the company took part in the fight at Santa Maria by which 
 that town was captured and burned, the insurgents vacating the town with 
 but slight resistance. 
 
 In April, the company started out with General Lawton's flying column, 
 marching about 200 miles and taking part in 31 different skirmishes. This 
 trip lasted over 30 days, and upon the company's return to Calumpit in May 
 they were assigned to railroad guard duty and stationed at Marilao and 
 later at Lolombog and served there until ordered into the city to prepare 
 for the trip home. On August 11th, the company boarded the transport 
 " Sheridan, " and sailed on the 12th. Stops were made at Nagasaki and 
 Yokohoma, Japan, and the troops given shore leave to visit in this interest- 
 ing country, and the people there gave us every opportunity to enjoy our- 
 selves to the utmost. From Nagasaki to Yokohoma we sailed through the 
 Inland Sea, and being in sight of land for over 24 hours, the trip was a 
 most pleasant one. 
 
 We sighted land again on September 7th, and late that afternoon we 
 pulled in through the Golden Gate and were soon anchored off 'Frisco harbor. 
 
 After passing quarantine, we landed the next morning and marched 
 to the Presidio camp grounds and took up our camp there until we were 
 mustered out on October 3rd, 1899. 
 
 Company ' 'C " always was a happy family and the loyalty of all the 
 men to the organization was ever marked. The company returned to St. 
 Paul with no strife in its ranks and every officer and man loyal and true to 
 his old organization. Company " C. " 
 
 43 
 
Deeds of Company "C" 
 
 By T. M. Smethurst 
 
 S^^OMANILLA, Feb. 25, 1899.— Extract from the diary of Sergt. 
 T. M. Smethurst, Company "C,"13th Minnesota Volunteer 
 Infantry: The calm before the storm, such was yesterday. 
 We have passed through a night and a day which will be 
 vivid in our memories should we be permitted to live twice 
 the term of years allotted to mankind. Resisting the 
 natural temptation to tell the story of today in reverse order by stating 
 the condition of affairs at the time I write this, I will commence at the 
 beginning. 
 
 As stated in yesterday's entry, shortly after 10 p. m., I retired for what 
 I hoped to be an uninterrupted rest. So weary was I that it seemed but a 
 moment I had slept, when I was awakened by the popping of burning bam- 
 boo, sounding for all the world like irregular volleys of small arms. On 
 opening my eyes I saw the heavens all aglow with the light from the burning 
 shacks and more substantial buildings north of us. Rolling off my cot, I 
 proceeded to dress. But with a sock in my hand I paused at a sound sharper 
 and clearer than the snap of burning bamboo. I was speedily assured of 
 its nature and import, for it was followed almost immediately by an insur- 
 gent bugle call, and a perfect fulisade of Remington and Mauser fire ensued. 
 Bullets tore through the thin board siding of the upper story of our barracks, 
 especially the room occupied by Capt. Robinson and Lieut. Snow, and that 
 in the north wing of the building occupied by Privates Cochran, Stephenson, 
 Espy, Barlow, Crowther, Brennan, Wallace and myself. 
 
 BULLET IS FOUND 
 
 One bullet (afterwards dug out and found to be a brass Remington) 
 went into the wall over my cot, and had I been sleeping at the time would 
 have taken me through the hips. My toilet from then on was more hasty, 
 and was made as much as possible while seated on the floor; my trousers 
 went on over my pajamas (much to my sorrow and discomfort later.) 
 
 When I got down into the yard most of the boys were in line, and 
 about the only command it was necessary to give was "count fours," 
 before we were ready. 
 
 44 
 
Deeds of Company "C" 
 
 By this time the whole district of Tondo, the insurrectory pest hole 
 of Manila, was a mass of flames, and the upper story of our barracks was 
 being riddled by flying bullets, that being the only part of the building they 
 could reach on account of the eight-foot stone wall surrounding it. I have 
 heard bedlams in the way of wild political torch-light processions, with 
 fireworks and delirious yells, but I fear that henceforth a civilized bedlam 
 will lack the power to create any great quantity of feeling within me, with 
 the recollection of the pandemonium of last night in my memory. The gun- 
 like reports of blazing bamboo from hundreds of native huts, the crash 
 of falling uprights and tin roofs, the incessant rattle of Remingtons and 
 Mausers, the bugle calls and wild yells of the insurgents, will never be 
 described with my limited store of rhetoric. 
 
 FACING THE FIRE 
 
 Standing in line during the time intervening between my reporting 
 the company formed and the completion of Capt. Robinson's instructions 
 for the defense of the quarters in the absence of the company, and the firing 
 of signal rockets, but one man flinched in the rain of leaden missiles, and 
 a word of reproof brought him out of his momentary trepidation. 
 
 Our standing instructions for the past six months have been, in case 
 of trouble, to fall back two blocks to the wide street, known as Plaza de 
 Azcarraga, and resist any attempt to advance into the city beyond that 
 point. This necessitated the abandonment of our barracks, containing all 
 of our worldly possessions in the way of clothing, camp equipage, curios, 
 souvenirs, and all the (to us) valuable odds and ends accumulated during 
 our sojourn in the Orient. 
 
 Detailing fifteen men under command of Lieut. Snow (this was in- 
 creased to nineteen by the addition of four who were too late to fall in), the 
 captain gave us "Right, Forward, Fours Right, Double Time, March," 
 out of the gate. Not having time to take my position on the right around 
 the front, I waited until the company passed, and consequently was the 
 last man out of the gate. I had been so occupied in forming the com- 
 pany, and this duty had been forced upon me so suddenly, after being 
 aroused, that I had not attempted to locate the source of the shots, for if 
 I had, perhaps, I would have been nearer the front. After starting down 
 the street it was discovered that the bullets were going in the same direction. 
 
 45 
 
History of Company 
 
 It afterwards transpired that just as we emerged from the gate a bullet 
 split Capt. Robinson's upper lip, but he said nothing about it until after 
 we had taken up our position on the Plaza de Azcarraga. 
 
 At the first comer we turned to the right, but not quick enough to 
 avoid evil results from the leaden hail. A Remington ball took Sergt. 
 Sheppard between the knee and ankle, severing the main artery. Private 
 "Tom" Galvin received another in the shoulder. Proceeding one block 
 towards the bay we turned to the left towards Plaza de Azcarraga. Just 
 then, Sheppard, who had hobbled along thus far with the assistance of 
 Private Cochran, gave up. 
 
 ADVANTAGE OF HAVING TWO LEGS 
 
 I was then, by virtue of having two good legs to his one, some distance 
 in advance of him. Failing, owing to the din, to make enough of the boys 
 hear my request to assist Cochran to carry the sergeant, I turned back with 
 Privates Cakes and Tetzlaff. Between us we carried him along for half 
 a block, when he insisted that we put him down, and bind his leg, as "every- 
 thing is growing black, sweetheart ". Seeing it was a case of life and death 
 with him, we laid him down, and while a couple of us stood guard, with a 
 handkerchief, a ligature was applied to stop the frightful stream of blood. 
 Then on we staggered, for " Shep " is no bantam weight. When we reached 
 Plaza de Azcarraga we were somewhat taken aback by not seeing any signs 
 of the company, where we had expected to see it lined up for action; but a 
 closer inspection of the surroundings disclosed what looked as much like a 
 row of cocoanuts as anything else scattered along the further side of the 
 street, which proved to be clear Minnesota heads on more or less broad 
 American shoulders. 
 
 A deep ditch furnished a most excellent entrenchment, which the 
 boys were not slow to take advantage of. Passing over we carried our 
 wounded sergeant half a block back of the line and placed him on the side- 
 walk, to which place Tom Galvin had managed to stagger unassisted, with 
 his broken shoulder. 
 
 I left the boys there and hurried back to the line and, jumping into 
 the ditch on the extreme left, found myself up to the waist in water and 
 slimy mud. Hardly had I settled into a comfortable (under the circum- 
 stances) position when down the line came a command from the captain to 
 take six men one block to the left to guard that ingress into the city. 
 
 46 
 
Deeds of Company "C" 
 
 REFUGEES ARE FOUND 
 
 There we found refugees by the score, Filipino men,women and children, 
 and Chinese galore, all hastening towards the walled city. Occasionally 
 in this living stream would appear a Filipino across the street to whom we 
 could not afford to give the benefit of the doubt, and a quiet word to one 
 of the boys started an energetic Springfield bullet in his direction. We 
 began to get a taste of high life in the shape of whizzing bullets, for the fire 
 soon reached the further side of the street and that thoroughfare was almost 
 as light as day. Well directed volley firing by our entire line on the street 
 and bridge held the insurgents back. 
 
 We had been reinforced by a couple of companies of the 23rd infantry 
 and 1st Oregon volunteers. A bugle call sounded the insurgents recall, 
 and the battle of Tondo was over. It was in the mix-up on Plaza de 
 Azcarraga, at the junction of Calle Lemery, that Private Wooding was shot 
 with a Remington, the ball ball passing through the upper part of the leg 
 and then through the thigh. All four of our wounded, Capt. Robinson, 
 Sergt. Sheppard, Privates Galvin and Wooding were conveyed to the hos- 
 pital after the retreat of the insurgents, and Lieut. Hart took command of 
 the company on the street. 
 
 But it was at the barracks where Company "C" demonstrated of what 
 sterling stuff it was made. My story of the affair is based upon the various 
 testimony of various members of the gallant nineteen, together with the 
 observances made and information gained in two or three trips I made 
 between the main body of the company and the barracks during the early 
 morning when the greatest danger was over and a few sharpshooters were 
 all that had to be contended with. 
 
 LOOKED ON AS A RETREAT 
 
 Evidently the sudden dash out of the gate and down the street by 
 apparently the whole company, was looked upon by the insurgents as a 
 retreat, leaving everything to their tender mercies, for scarcely had we 
 gotten away from the gate, which was swung shut behind us, before it was 
 surrounded by hundreds of yelling Filipinos. The little band of defenders 
 hastily posted themselves in ones, couples and squads at points of vantage, 
 some prone upon their stomachs in the dark hall facing the gate, some on 
 the flat back roof, while others, regardless of the hurtling bullets, took the 
 
 47 
 
History of Company **C" 
 
 best position for effective work in the upper story. As the enemy surged 
 up to the gate, and one reached through the bars to draw the bolt, the squad 
 in the doorway, under Corporal Kavanaugh, let them have a volley, killing 
 the reckless manipulator of the draw bar and wounding others. 
 
 Several rushes for the gate were stopped by cool and effective firing 
 by this squad and one in the window directly above the doorway, and the 
 miscreants finally gave it up as a bad job. Thereafter about the only work the 
 the boys on the ground floor had to do was taking flying shots at natives 
 as they darted by the gate. In the upper story it was each man for him- 
 self, and most nobly did they acquit themselves. From there it was pos- 
 sible to reach everj'^thing beyond the middle of the street. 
 
 A DEATH STRUGGLE. 
 
 For thirty minutes it was a death struggle between not less than 200 
 armed and as many unarmed Filipinos and twenty valiant Minnesotans. 
 Victory wavered uncertainly during that fateful half hour, and then settled 
 down upon Company "C's" flag, which had waved and fluttered fiercely 
 amidst the smoke and embers, as though it was animated with the savage 
 spirit of combat. Not a man hurt, but each possessed of a stock of exper- 
 ience that he would not sell for any amount of sordid gold. 
 
 I have not dwelt upon the greatest danger confronting the boys during 
 their engagement, and that was the fire raging on all sides, threatening the 
 destruction of the building. The fire-fighting squad can't be praised too 
 much. They worked quickly and steadily, not knowing how the fight 
 was going, but realizing the direful consequence should the barracks be 
 destroyed. With pails of water and wet blankets they hastened from place 
 to place, squelching the flames which broke out in a dozen different parts of 
 the building. 
 
 At daybreak a guard was placed on the Azcarraga, and the company 
 returned to the barracks. 
 
 SKIRMISH LINE FORMED. 
 
 At ten o'clock thirty-six men, under command of Lieut. Snow, were 
 sent out with Company "M,"13th Minnesota, to run a skirmish line through 
 the territory north of us. They were reinforced by two companies of the 
 23rd United States infantry, two companies of Oregons, and one of the 4th 
 United States cavalry, dismounted. As ranking officer of the company, 
 
 48 
 
Deeds of Company "C" 
 
 in the absence of Lieut. Snow, I was left behind to assist Lieut. Garcelon, 
 who was placed in command here. I regret, exceedingly, having run short 
 of films, as the scenes around our barracks today have been indeed 
 worthy of recording. It has been headquarters or the base of operations, 
 and here could be seen the machinery of war. It was much like being back 
 of the scenes at a play. Ammunition wagons were pljdng between here 
 and the arsenal, and from here out to the boys on the line; litters were com- 
 ing in with wounded Americans and Filipinos; first aid and operations 
 were being performed; ambulances arrived and departed with a rush; 
 prisoners under guard and refugees under escort came in a constant stream. 
 Beans and coffee stood on the fire all day, and I would not attempt to 
 estimate the number we fed. 
 
 And the crowd within our inclosure was unique. Soldiers represent- 
 ing almost every regiment on the island were there — ^infantry, cavalry 
 and artillery; they jostled against civilians, English, German, Spanish and Jap- 
 anese, all out to see what was going on and to look at the place twenty men 
 had held against half a regiment, and saved from the fire which had leveled 
 everything for blocks on all sides. In one corner we had 112 insurgent 
 prisoners; in another over 300 refugees. 
 
 ACTION OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 I am Sony I am not in a position to describe the action of the com- 
 pany on the skirmish line. From our north windows we could watch them 
 for the first half mile. They swept the entire country clear to Caloocan, and 
 returned to the barracks about 7 o'clock this evening, tired, hungry and 
 happy. Private Ira B. Smith was the only one of Company "C" who was 
 hurt, and it was but a bruise on the left breast made by a spent bullet. The 
 American loss was one killed, 23rd United States infantry; one wounded, 
 from the 23rd; one from Company "C," 13th Minnesota. The Filipino loss 
 was about 300 prisoners. Company "C" led nearly every charge, and upheld 
 the enviable reputation it has secured by the prompt and fearless execution 
 of its duties in every emergency. Lieut. Snow was remarkably cool, and 
 had his company well in hand during the entire action. 
 
 Another disturbance has been predicted for tonight, to originate 
 in Binondo, south of us, and most of the boys are awake waiting for it. It is 
 nearly 3 a. m. now, and it looks as though we had received what "Bud" 
 Bouland would call a " bum steer. " 
 
 49 
 
The Battle of Manila 
 
 [T six o'clock a. m., Saturday, August 13th, the army began 
 the march toward the Spanish lines. The clouds which 
 appeared at dawn fulfilled their promise of abundant rain, 
 and the march was made through several inches of mud. 
 Each man carried his gun, haversack and canteen, as well 
 as a hundred rounds of ammunition. The work of that day 
 
 is history ; Minnesota's part in it is fully detailed in the report of Colonel 
 
 Reeve to Major-General Mac Arthur: 
 
 Cuartel Malate, Manila, P. I., Aug. 1-5, 189S. 
 Sir: 
 
 In accordance with orders received from General Arthur MacArthur. 
 commanding the First Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, I 
 moved with my regiment, comprising three battalions of four companies 
 each, from Camp Dewey at 6:30 a. m., Aug. 13, and marched through the 
 town of Passai, along the direct road to Manila. At 7:45 a. m. I arrived at 
 the general line of our earthworks, where I was directed to leave the second 
 and third battaUons, consisting of companies C, H, D, E and I, F, B, A, 
 and proceeded with the First battalion, consisting of companies K, L, M and 
 G, to a position on the extreme left of the first brigade, where we occupied 
 an abandoned line of insurgent earthworks, directly in front and to the left 
 of block house No. 14 at about 10:20, 1 was directed to bring up the Second 
 battalion, and at 10:30 I advanced with the First and Second battalions 
 past our earthworks, throwing out a strong line of skirmishers from com- 
 panies E and L. Near block house 14 1 was directed to detach one company 
 (M) toward the block house, in which vicinity, and scouting to the front, 
 they remained during the entire action. I had thrown out two lines of 
 skirmishers in my front, under command of Capt. Masterman, Co. K, and 
 First Sergeant Head, of Co. L, both of which were withdrawn after a time, 
 joining the main column before arriving at Cingalon. With the remaining 
 seven companies we proceeded in column of fours along the main road, 
 assisting the Astor battery to move their guns over the earthworks, at the 
 burning magazine. Immediately after passing this point I was ordered, 
 
 SO 
 
The Battle of Manil 
 
 under heavy fire, to throw out a company to protect the left flank, and 
 Co. D was detached for this purpose. 
 
 We reached the church at Cingalon with six companies of the First and 
 Second battaUons, and being in advance of other troops, I was commanded 
 to throw out a hne of skirmishers to the right and front, and to establish a 
 point in the road immediately in our front, along which we were advancing. 
 A detachment of Co. K was thrown out to the right; detachments of Co. C 
 and H to the left and the point established in the road under Lieut. Lackore, 
 of Co. L, with eight men and a sergeant, one hundred yards from the Span- 
 ish earthworks. These men remained in position in the road and under such 
 cover as they could obtain, until warned that the battery was about to fire 
 from a point fifty yards in their rear, when they were withdrawn to the side 
 of the road and the fire increasing greatly, Lieut. Lackore was ordered 
 back by Capt. Spear, of Co. E, for reinforcements. Co. G, Capt. Seebach, 
 was sent forward, and strengthened the line already formed. With the fail- 
 ure to discharge the guns, after assisting the artillery to get the pieces out of 
 the road, the line fell back about a hundred yards from the front to the cross 
 road by the church. Capt. Bjornstad and a portion of Co. H, occupying 
 a position to the left and directly across the road, in advance of the crossroad 
 at the church, maintained their position until the command "cease firing" 
 was given. 
 
 The Third battalion, owing to some confusion of orders, and Co. M, 
 detached, did not arrive at the front during the action, although Companies 
 I and F were exposed to a plunging fire from the Spanish line, losing one man 
 killed and three wounded. 
 
 Owing to the peculiar nature of the ground, covered as it was with a 
 dense growth of tropical vegetation, it was impossible for me to observe 
 the individual conduct of the men under my command. Exposed to a 
 withering fire from an unseen enemy, all did their duty with coolness, 
 intelligence and courage, being inspired by the example of the General Com- 
 manding, whose utter disregard of personal danger prevented what other- 
 wise might have proved a serious disaster. 
 
 In this connection I desire to commend the conspicuous daring of Capt. 
 Bjornstad (severely wounded), the bravery of Capts. Seebach (severely 
 wounded), Spear and Metz, of Lieuts. Lackore, Trowbridge, Bunker, Falk 
 and Garcelon; of Sergt. Major Loye, and the intelligent dispositions made 
 under heavy fire by Capts. Masterman and Morgan. 
 
 51 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 I enclose herewith a memorandum, setting forth the exceptional actions 
 on the part of individuals, which deserve recognition and special reward. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 C. McC. REEVE, 
 Colonel Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U.S. Volunteers. 
 
 To acting Assistant Adjutant General, First Brigade, Second Division, 
 Eighth Army Corps — Memorandum of exceptional actions on the part of 
 individual members of the 13th Minn. Vol. Inf.: 
 
 Capt. A. W. Bjornstad, Co. H — Took personal command of the firing 
 Une in the road at the church, lying down on the line with his men, without 
 cover, and again forming another Une in the same place in the most exposed 
 portion of the road, partly screened by two small logs in their front, at 
 which point both he and three members of his company were wounded. 
 
 Capt. Oscar Seebach, Co. G — Crossed the road under heavy fire at the 
 head of his company, deployed to the front, occupying the advance line 
 about one hundred and twenty-five yards from the Spanish earthworks; 
 severely wounded. 
 
 Lieut. H. D. Lackore, Co. L — In command of the point, advanced up 
 the road to within one hundred yards of the Spanish earthworks, where he 
 remained firing at the enemy until warned that the guns were about to be 
 discharged by the Astor battery, sixty yards in his rear. 
 
 Lieut. E. G. Falk, Regimental Adjutant — Constantly exposed to heavy 
 fire, both at front and along the line of communications to the rear, in the 
 transmission of orders. He was at the front during almost the entire action. 
 
 Battahon Sergt. Major J. H. Loye, Second BattaUon — Was the first 
 to respond to the order of the General Commanding, to carry a log into the 
 street to protect Capt. Bjornstad and his men, who were occupjdng the most 
 exposed portion of the firing line, also most active in constructing the first 
 line of defenses a little in the rear. 
 
 The following named privates, who occupied the firing line in the street, 
 protected only by two small logs: 
 
 Privates W. D. Bowen, Co. H.; Berndt, Co. C; Peake, Co. D.; Thorsel 
 (wounded), Co. H.; Widman, A. J. Weidle, W. J. Worthington, L. H. Wallace 
 (wounded), and Corporal E. O. Cowden, all of Co. H. 
 
 I reserve the privilege of adding a few more names to this fist after 
 further investigation. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 C. McC. Reeve, Col. 13th Minnesota. 
 
 52 
 
Major N, C. Robinson 
 
 ■-. % 
 
 "Beach Hotel"— Manila 
 
 "C" Company's Quarters in Tondo District 
 
The Battle of Manil 
 
 In his report of the capture of the city, General Mac Arthur says : 
 
 "The general advance was soon resumed, the 13th Minnesota leading, 
 with Co. K as advance guard ; then the Astor battery, a battalion of the 23rd 
 Infantry, a battalion of the 14th Infantry, and the North Dakota Regiment 
 following, in the order named: 
 
 At a point just south of Cingalon a blockhouse was found burning, 
 causing continuous explosions of small arms ammunition, which, together 
 with a scattering fire from the enemy, retarded the advance for a time. 
 All difficulties were soon overcome, however, including the passage of the 
 Astor battery, by the determined efforts of Lieut. March and his men, 
 assisted by the Infantry of the Minnesota Regiment, over the gun emplace- 
 ment which obstructed the road. 
 
 In the village of Cingalon, the advance felt a hot fire, the intensity of 
 which hastened the forward movement, and soon the command was com- 
 mitted to a desperate conflict. This conflict resulted in the carrying of the 
 entrenchments, a detachment work with emplacements for six guns, which 
 fortunately were not filled on the 13th inst., but the work was performed 
 by a detachment of Infantry, probably a strong rear guard. 
 
 The advance party, consisting of men of the Minnesota regiment, were 
 re-enforced by volunteers from the Astor Battery, led by Lieut. March and 
 Capt. Sawtelle, of the Brigade staff, as an individual volunteer, reached a 
 point within less than eighty rods of the blockhouse but was obliged to retire 
 to the intersection road in the village, at which point a hasty work was 
 improvised and occupied by a firing line of about fifteen men. 
 
 Aside from the conspicuous individual actions in the first rush, the weU 
 regulated contact of this firing line was a marked feature of the contest, 
 and it is proposed, if possible, to ascertain the names of the men engaged, 
 with a view to recommending them for special distinction. 
 
 The attack was made about twelve o'clock and the contest continued 
 until about 1 :35. The cool, determined and sustained effort of Col. Reeve 
 of the 13th Minn., contributed very materially to the maintenance of the 
 discipline and marked efficiency of his regiment. The loss in the com- 
 bat was three officers wounded, four enlisted men killed and thirty-three 
 wounded. " 
 
 53 
 
Through the Interior with Lawton 
 
 By William M. Brack 
 
 ^N MARCH 19th orders were issued relieving the regiment from 
 police duty in the city of Manila. These orders were re- 
 ceived with great rejoicing, for it meant that at last we 
 were to go on to " the line, " and for once we could get our 
 fill of fighting, without apprehension of a five-dollar ' 'blind, " 
 for such was the penalty meted out to the adventurous 
 spirits who had stolen out during the small hours by way of the back wall. 
 Regimental camp was immediately formed on the Luneta, where we re- 
 mained till the morning of the 24th, when we were ordered to proceed to the 
 " Deposito," or water works. On the 25th began an advance along the entire 
 north line, in prolongation of which the Thirteenth was thrown out along the 
 Maraquina road. 
 
 The advance began at daybreak through a heavy tropical undergrowth, 
 at times almost impenetrable, to the great detriment of skin and clothing. 
 The insurgents made a stubborn resistance, and the regiment lost 
 thirteen men wounded, two of whom were of " C " Company, Privates Arne- 
 son and Parsons, both of whose wounds, however, were trivial. The regi- 
 ment bivouacked on the line that night, "C" Company being stationed 
 behind a line of bamboos. 
 
 Of course, blankets were not to be had, and in order to pass the night 
 in comparative comfort — for the tropical night is damp and chilly — the men 
 covered themselves with great heaps of rice straw, and one of the men awak- 
 ing early the following morning, was greatly alarmed at not finding any of 
 his comrades. He was re-assured presently at seeing the first sergeant emerge 
 from a pile of fodder, looking more hke an animated straw man than the dig- 
 nified " Stripes " he had been accustomed to. That day the regiment was 
 stationed along the Maraquina road in company camps, at intervals varying 
 from a quarter to half a mile, where they remained till the evening of the 
 28th, when they were once more assembled at the Deposito and marched 
 back through Manila and out to Caloocan. The march from the Deposito 
 was a most memorable event, and will never be forgotten by the boys who 
 participated in it. 
 
 54 
 
Through the Interior with Lawton 
 
 We passed through town about midnight, and the narrow streets re- 
 sounded with the music of "A Hot Time," "Monte Carlo," "Marching 
 Through Georgia, " and a dozen more of the old tunes dear to the hearts of 
 the boys who soldiered in the Philippines. The " Ski-u-mah " of the Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota often mingled with the music, for at that time there 
 were about 60 representatives of that institution in the regiment. The dis- 
 tance covered that night was over sixteen miles in a trifle over four and 
 one half hours. We reached Caloocan about one o'clock, and bivouacked 
 in the plaza, enjoying the "sleep of the just" till five o'clock that morning. 
 After a hasty breakfast we boarded a train and were hauled a short dis- 
 tance up the line, when we learned that the duty of guarding the railroad 
 had been assigned to us, and the regiment was posted along the line in 
 company camps at various important points. 
 
 " C " Company was at that time stationed at Bocaue, the point where 
 the railroad crosses the Santa Maria river. It was here that the profanity 
 of the army teamster, for which he is so justly famous, first made itself 
 apparent to us. The circumstances were this: The wagon train, which 
 was obliged to keep in as close touch as possible with the flying division 
 ahead of it, had no means of crossing the river except the railroad bridge 
 which we were guarding, and to facilitate the movement, the engineer corps 
 had secured timbers to lay over the ties, which made the matter of crossing 
 the bridge a comparatively simple one, but when they reached the end, and 
 were obliged to drive over the ties for a distance of seventy-five or a hundred 
 yards, the complexion of things was changed considerably, and then the pro- 
 fanity, the wonderful profanity, of those teamsters ! They certainly had the 
 entire objurgatory division of the mother language at their command, and 
 knew well when to call it into requisition. All night long and the follow- 
 ing morning the heavily loaded wagons creaked and groaned as they bumped 
 over the uneven ties, in melancholy cadence with the fluent speeches of the 
 " Knights of the Blacksnake. " About ten o'clock the rear guard made its 
 way across the bridge, and " C "Company was left alone to take up its duties 
 as bridge guard. Foraging was the order of the day, for our commissary 
 stores had not yet arrived, and that day and the next we dined on chicken 
 and such other provisions as the country yielded. The town of Bocaue was 
 about two miles from our camp, and a scout in that direction developed the 
 fact that there was a large church and monastery there,furnished with the most 
 luxurious easy chairs and couches imaginable, whereon the pious monks were 
 
 55 
 
History of Company **C" 
 
 wont to enjoy their noonday siestas, but those godly gentlemefi having de- 
 serted the premises, we lost no time in taking possession, and the couches and 
 easy chairs of the late clergy were pressed into service to meet the require- 
 ments of blue-shirted soldiers. 
 
 Two weeks passed by uneventfully in this manner, until on the night 
 of April 10th the insurgents made a sudden and vicious attack along the en- 
 tire Minnesota line in overwhelnling force, led by Aguinaldo in person. This 
 movement came as a complete surprise to the Minnesotans, the night being 
 intensely dark, and in some instances the enemy was enabled to reach 
 a position within a few yards of the outposts before their presence was 
 discovered. 
 
 In a moment's time after the first shot was fired the company turned 
 out and took positions along the railroad embankment, according to a pre- 
 arranged plan. Scarcely had we taken our positions when the terrified 
 outposts came tumbling in, followed by a volley from the pursuing insur- 
 gents, and the ball was open. For two hours the exchange of shots was so 
 rapid that the reports of the rifles seemed blended into a continuous roar, 
 and had it not been for the tactical skill exhibited by our company com- 
 mander, it would have gone hard with "C" Company, for with a fighting 
 force reduced to sixty, and with the enemy on three sides, Lieut. Snow so 
 disposed his handful of men as to stand off the enemy till reinforcements 
 were brought up from the Oregon camp, Private Keeler having volunteered 
 for the dangerous task of going after them. After the arrival of reinforce- 
 ments in the shape of two companies of the Oregons from the town of 
 Bocaue, the firing quieted down, and with the exception of an occasional 
 shot no more was heard from the enemy that night, and the men, wearied 
 by the hard night's work, lay in line with belts on and rifles at their sides, 
 and while every third man kept watch, the balance of them dozed till 
 morning. 
 
 The dawn of April 11th showed us that the insurgents had fired low, 
 for the tents were riddled, and an examination of the company showed 
 that we had one man, Maurice P. Beatty, killed, and four wounded. 
 One of the boys had had the stock of his rifle shot to pieces in his hands 
 while in the act of loading, the bullet having passed through his shirt but 
 not touching his body. As soon as the companies could be formed the de- 
 fenders took up the offensive, and drove the insurgents back to Santa Maria, 
 and the following day their stronghold was captured and burned to the 
 ground. 
 
 56 
 

 Swimming in Santa Maria River at Bocaue 
 Ruins of a Burned District 
 
 Company "G" Camp at Bocaue 
 View in Model Camp at Presidio 
 Santa Maria Station at Bocaue 
 
Through the Interior with Lawton 
 
 Gen. Wheaton was unstinted in his praise of the regiment for their 
 work that night, and in the attack on Santa Maria, and almost the first 
 words he said were: " They told me that the Minnesotans had been wiped out 
 of existence and the bridges destroyed, but I knew better." On April 
 22nd eight companies of the regiment were bivouacked at Bocaue along with 
 a squadron of the Fourth Cavalry, and a section of the Utah Battery, prepara- 
 tory to entering on a campaign under Maj. Gen. Henry M. Lawton. 
 
 These eight companies formed the second and third battahons of the 
 regiment, the first battalion having been ordered to continue on guard along 
 the track, and with eight companies of the Oregon regiment, along with 
 the cavalry and artillery, were brigaded under Colonel Somers of the 
 Oregons. 
 
 Early in the morning of April 23rd the brigade started out on a march 
 into the "unknown." Progress was necessarily slow, owing to the intense 
 heat. About ten o'clock a halt was ordered for dinner, and about three in 
 the afternoon the march was resumed and continued till about seven, when 
 we bivouacked for the night in the rain, and despite the adverse conditions, 
 the men " rolled in " under ponchos and shelter tents (they did not take time 
 to pitch the latter) and slept soundly till sunrise. After a hurried break- 
 fast of bacon, hardtack and coffee, we pressed forward and engaged the 
 enemy before the village of Norzagaray — a town by no means as impressive 
 as its name would seem to indicate. 
 
 The insurgents retreated after a brisk skirmish, in which there were 
 no serious casualties on the American side. We found Norzagaray to be 
 pleasantly situated on the banks of the Rio Bayabas, a broad, clear stream 
 of cool water having its source among the mountain springs in the province 
 of Bulucan. 
 
 After a halt barely long enough for dinner, Gen. Somers, with two com- 
 panies of the Thirteenth, and two of the Oregons, started out on a recon- 
 naissance, proceeding up the river a distance of about five miles to the Barrio 
 (or hamlet) of Angat. Here the insurgents were again encountered, but not 
 engaged, as it was merely the intention to locate them. That evening we re- 
 turned to Norzagaray, and the following day the town of Angat was cap- 
 tured by one battalion of the Minnesota and one of the Oregon regiment, 
 and the Utah battery. On the twenty-seventh Marungco was taken. Here 
 the soldiers spent a most miserable night. The day had been one of the 
 hottest, and no comfort could be had till after sundown, when a violent 
 
 57 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 rainstorm broke, driving the men from the camp, which was soon flooded, 
 and into the shacks of the town, from which they had been excluded during 
 the day. 
 
 On the second day of our stay at Marungco we hailed the return of 
 Lieutenant Clarence G. Bunker, who, on account of his wound received in 
 the battle of Manila, had been on furlough in the United States. The news 
 direct from St. Paul, which he radiated, was very welcome at this time 
 and he received quite an ovation. 
 
 On the twenty-ninth the village of San Rafael was taken and aban- 
 doned, and retaken on May 1st. It was here that Frank C. Lewis, "F" 
 Company, was killed, the first fatality that occured on the expedition. 
 That night we buried him at the foot of the tower of a great stone church, 
 carefully concealing the grave, for the insurgents had made it their practice 
 to mutilate the bodies which they found, in the most revolting manner. 
 The next day Baliuag was taken without resistance, for the advance guard 
 and scouts preceding the column had driven the enemy out, and when the 
 main body arrived they were in full possession. During our stay here 
 Private Herbert L. Keeler was taken sick with diphtheria. He was removed 
 to the field hospital without delay, and at the earliest opportunity was 
 taken back to Manila, where he died after a short illness, and was interred 
 along with the body of Maurice Beatty in the old Spanish cemetery at Paco, 
 where so many of the brave fellows who gave their lives for their country 
 lay at rest. 
 
 On May 4th an early reveille told us that once more the march 
 was to be taken up, and in a few minutes we were tramping through dust 
 ankle deep. Evidences of the hurried retreat of the Filipinos were to 
 be seen on every hand in the shape of deserted bullock-carts, great coils 
 of telegraph wire and other impedimenta too bulky to be taken care of in 
 their foot-race 'cross country. 
 
 About ten o'clock the enemy was overtaken near the village of Maasin, 
 and hurried as their retreat had been, it was not so hurried but that they 
 had taken ample time to strongly intrench the place, and it was only taken 
 after a most determined resistance, in which Private Buckendorf was killed. 
 
 At this point a long rest was taken, and it was during this time that 
 Major Diggles met his death. On May 8th, Col. Somers and Major Diggles, 
 accompanied by Company "K" of the 13th, and a company of Oregons, 
 went out to reconnoitre the town of San Ildefonso. The place was found 
 
 58 
 
Through the Interior with Lawton 
 
 to be well fortified and the party met with a savage resistance, and it 
 was while observing the enemy's position that the gallant major was shot 
 in the head, and on May 26th died, after being taken to the hospital at 
 Manila. Too much cannot be said of the gallantry of Major Diggles. 
 The junior major of the regiment, he was with the boys during the most 
 trying days of their military experience, and " he went to his God like a 
 soldier. " 
 
 At San Ildefonso, San Miguel, Salacot, San Roque and Baluarte, suc- 
 cessive skirmishes took place, that at Salacot being a particularly fatal one 
 for the enemy. Near San Roque two Spanish soldiers, who had been 
 held prisoners by the Filipinos, joined the column, bringing news of Amer- 
 ican prisoners in the hands of the Filipinos at San Isidro. 
 
 San Isidro was captured May 17th after a stubborn resistance, 
 only to find that Lieutenant Gilmore and his comrades had been moved 
 farther into the interior. That same day the third battalion of the 13th, 
 with a battalion of Oregons, moved on about three miles up the river to 
 Gapan returning the following morning. 
 
 While at San Isidro a message was received from President McKinley, 
 congratulating Gen. Lawton and the men that were with him on their suc- 
 cessful campaign resulting in the capture of San Isidro. The campaign ter- 
 minated at this point, and an uneventful march through Cabiao, Candaba, 
 Arayat and San Simon brought us to Calumpit, where we embarked on a 
 train, once more to be assigned to our old job of guarding the railroad, at 
 which duty we continued up to the time of our departure for " The States. " 
 
 59 
 
What Happened 
 
 By Lieut. Geo. K. Sheppard 
 
 ^I^N order that my old comrades of the 13th Minnesota,(or those 
 of my friends who care to read this short article), will not 
 consider me selfish, and more especially the members of the 
 present company, I will not attempt at this time to cover in 
 detail a complete history of the dear old company since its 
 organization, but will confine my remarks to a few things 
 that happened on the trip to and from Manilla, and what took place as I 
 saw them while the regiment was in the Philippine Islands. 
 
 I will commence my story on board the City of Para, six days out 
 from "Frisco, " in latitude 25-18, longitude 151-01. The fleet consisted of 
 six transports: the City of Para, Indiana, Ohio, Morgan City and Valincia, 
 with Gen. Merritt, on board the Newport, in command. Of course, most all 
 of the boys were sea-sick, and more particularly Private Harry Pomeroy, 
 who begged Private Bruce and myself to take him below and put him in his 
 bunk, and when Private Bruce asked where he would lay his clothes. Private 
 Pomeroy replied : "Throw them overboard, I will not need them any more." 
 The next day, about noon, Private Pomeroy hollered from his bunk that 
 he thought he was going to live, and would like a bite to eat, and for Private 
 Bruce to kindly get his clothes. We both turned, and with a look of amaze- 
 ment on our faces, remarked that we had given up all hopes of his recovery, 
 and had done as he bade us do — thrown his clothes through the porthole. 
 After the boys had their fun teasing him for at least an hour, he was given 
 his clothes, tied up in a nice, knotty bundle. To this day Private Pomeroy 
 has dressed and undressed himself without any assistance whatsoever. 
 
 It was also a misfortune that the refrigerator on board the City of 
 Para was not large enough to hold fresh meat for a thousand men, and it 
 was necessary to load on the lower deck, before leaving " Frisco, " twelve 
 head of cattle to be killed as needed, and it so happened that a certain 
 hungry private who was caught stealing a carrot from one of the cows as 
 he was passing, in his testimony before the officer of the day, claimed 
 as his excuse for stealing the carrot from the cow, that the City of Para 
 had now been for two weeks out of sight of land, and he had had nothing to 
 eat or drink but bean soup and distilled hot water, and he couldn't see why 
 
 60 
 
MiuhIusv. j„ 
 
 U. S. Transports City of Para, St, Paul, Sheridan 
 
What Happened 
 
 he should be put under arrest for taking a little carrot when he needed it 
 more than the cow. 
 
 Many other amusing things of life on board transport could be told, 
 but before we leave our good ship I want to tell j'ou about the most beauti- 
 ful sight I saw on my trip to Manila. About four o'clock in the after- 
 noon, there appeared, right ahead of us,what seemed to be a ship on fire, and 
 as we drew nearer, the outline of what proved to be a small strip of land. 
 Just as it was getting dark we passed within a quarter of a mile of what 
 turned out to be an island, and for the first time in my life I beheld an 
 active volcano, spitting forth fire and smoke, and I doubt if ever in the 
 history of one's life anyone will witness a more beautiful sight. 
 
 We are nearing Manila, and entering the bay opposite the island of 
 Corregidor, where, on a high hill, a lighthouse is situated, overlooking 
 the China Sea, and, as we round a neck of land,we behold Dewey's fleet and 
 what is left of the Spanish fleet, and drop anchor inside the blockade, 
 lying off the village of Cavite. It certainly was a rich treat to see Dewey's 
 "War Dogs" and how well they had done their work that "May Day" 
 not to mention the greeting in the way of cheers received from the sailors 
 on board the various ships. Naturally, after our long voyage, we were 
 anxious to go ashore, but laid aboard ship a week before being finally 
 landed by the navy at a small native village about five miles this side of 
 Manila, and I can assure you that after being aboard a transport for forty- 
 three days, expecting a change for the better, at least, in the way of quarters, 
 I must admit I was somewhat disappointed in the natives, as well as my 
 bed that night (which was in a peanut field). To make matters worse it 
 rained all night, and our shelter tent blew down and Jack Flynt and I, 
 who occupied the same tent, were not very dry the next morning — but such 
 is the life of a soldier. 
 
 On August 13 the army entered Manila, and a short time thereafter 
 the regiment was assigned to police duty, with Company "C" stationed in the 
 northern suburb of the city, in what is known as the Tondo district. The 
 Filipinos and Chinamen are the greatest gamblers in the world, and as 
 policemen it was our duty to make arrests. I remember being in court 
 one morning when a Chinaman was up before the judge, charged with run- 
 ning a gambling place. The judge heard the charge and promptly fined the 
 " Chink " five dollars, but to the great amusement of the crowd the China- 
 man tried to "Jew" the judge down to two dollars. However, after some 
 
 61 
 
History of Company *'C" 
 
 talk, he was convinced that there was only one price in that court, and poor 
 Chinaman was led away. 
 
 The life of a policeman in Manila was interesting, as well as dangerous, 
 as the boys had to visit opium joints and be on the watch to raid gambling 
 places and numerous other attractions that were run on the quiet, as they 
 only can be run in an oriental city, so you see the boys were not idle — there 
 was always "something doing." 
 
 On the night of February 4, 1899, the Fihpino insurrection broke out 
 and excitement ran high, but more especially for Company "Con the night of 
 February 22, when our quarters were attacked by about two hundred in- 
 surgents, who had broken through General McArthur's line on the north and 
 we were the only troops that stood in their way before getting into the 
 city proper. They certainly started the "fireworks" right by setting the 
 district on fire, and firing volleys into our quarters, which resulted in much 
 hustling, great excitement, and a bullet wound for a few of those who did 
 not move fast enough. 
 
 Towards the latter part of March, 1899, our regiment was relieved of 
 police work and sent to the field, engaging in numerous battles, besides 
 forming a part of General Lawton's Flying Column, which penetrated fur- 
 ther into the interior of Luzon than any of the American troops up to that 
 time, and taking Philippine strongholds that the Spaniards had never 
 attempted. 
 
 After the " hike, " the regiment was assigned to the task of guarding 
 the Manila and Dagupan railroad, and I wish to speak of the Bocaue fight, 
 and the bravery of Lieut. John F. Snow, who, there is no doubt, saved 
 the company, by his coolness and daring, from annihilation, and also the 
 great bravery displayed by Private Herbert Keeler, who has since left us 
 and joined the ranks of heroes. 
 
 Great gladness illuminated the face of every man in the fighting 
 13th when word reached us that instructions had been received at head- 
 quarters for the regiment to move into Manila and prepare to embark on 
 the next transport for home. 
 
 Before we leave Manila I want to say a few words about the army 
 hospitals, which, under the trying conditions that existed at that time, 
 were as good as one could expect — there being three, called the First, 
 Second, and Third Reserve, and our own regimental hospital, besides another 
 one run by our "Uncle Samuel" on the island of Corregidor, which was quite a 
 
 62 
 
what Happened 
 
 delightful place in comparison to those in Manila, the island being at the 
 entrance to Manila Bay, about thirty miles from Manila. 
 
 Finally at daybreak, on Friday, August 12th, the 13th Minnesota, 
 and the 1st South Dakota regiments, on board the United States transport 
 Sheridan, weighed anchor and set sail for home. 
 
 Our first stop was at Nagasaki, Japan, and we saw Japanese life in 
 earnest for the first time in our lives, and I remember well getting permis- 
 sion to stay ashore and putting up at the Oriental Hotel and sleeping 
 between sheets for the first time in fifteen months, which seemed so strange, 
 and to a few of us, such a pleasant sensation, after our hard bed in the army, 
 that we decided to get our " money's worth, " and did not get up until the 
 afternoon. 
 
 The Sheridan, after coaling, which took three days, proceeded through 
 the Inland Sea to Yokohama, and the scenery along this sheet of water is 
 simply grand. We stopped two days in Yokohama, and a great many of the 
 boys took a ride on the railroad, visiting Tokio, and getting a view of the 
 Mikado's palace and grounds. For a country to visit, I believe Japan 
 is one of the most interesting countries in the world, because everything 
 they have there is so altogether different from what you see in any other 
 country, that you become interested right away. 
 
 As we sighted the shores of America, I saw more than one of the boys 
 hastily brush a tear from his cheek, and who wouldn't. You can talk about 
 other countries and praise them up to the skies, but give me America 
 any time, and I will be satisfied; besides there isn't any doubt but that 
 it is God's own country, especially after almost two years in the army, 
 with Filipinos, Chinamen and "Japs" for companions — not to mention 
 the nice things we had to eat, such as "hardtack," "redhorse," "water- 
 buffalo hoofs," salmon from any old cape, only canned to keep it fresh, 
 and frozen " Australian horse meat, " coated with ice, that you had to lay 
 out under a tropical sun five days before you could get your teeth into 
 it, and then, according to regulations, be compelled to call it tender. 
 
 The 13th Minnesota stayed a month in San Francisco before the regi- 
 ment was mustered out and sent home, but still the boys did not mind 
 that, for they all had sweethearts and friends galore, and I know that some 
 of them hated to leave, and that since then a great many of the boys have 
 drifted back and married those same California maidens. 
 
 We had a very pleasant journey home, and everybody enjoyed them- 
 
 63 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 selves to the fullest extent (especially some of the fellows who got left on 
 the way). 
 
 Our fellow citizens gave us a great reception and dinner on our arrival 
 in St. Paul, for which we felt very grateful, and perchance I might not have 
 another opportunity as " top sergeant " of the " old bunch " to thank the 
 ex-members of Company "C," who on account of home ties could not join 
 us on our trip to the Philippines, I take the liberty, at this time, on behalf 
 of Company"C"of the old 13th,of expressingour sincere thanks and appre- 
 ciation for the grand "spread" and reception given us at the Merchants 
 Hotel on our home coming. 
 
 I trust that the feeling of good fellowship will always exist in Company 
 "C" of the future as it has in the past, for comradeship, as it exists among 
 true soldiers, is more than friendship and should be encouraged in all 
 military organizations. 
 
 ^ 
 
 64 
 
National Militia 
 
 By H. D. Frankel 
 
 STATE CONSTITUTION 
 
 ECT. 1. It shall be the duty of the legislature to pass such 
 laws for the organization, discipline and service of the militia 
 of the state as may be deemed necessary. Article xii. 
 Sec. 14. The military shall be subordinate to civil power 
 and no standing army shall be kept in the state in time of 
 Article i. 
 
 FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 
 
 Sec. 2 The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and 
 navy of the United States and of the militia of the several states when 
 called into active service of the United States. Article ii. 
 
 peace. 
 
 Despite the fact that the fathers of American independence, in their 
 wisdom, advocated and enacted laws for a national militia, it was not until 
 1902 that an actual "national militia" was created. 
 
 The continental armies in 1776, and throughout the great War of 
 Independence, were scarcely more than national militia, mustered into 
 the service of the union from the various states, sworn to protect the property 
 of their fellow citizens and to uphold, so far as strength of arms would admit, 
 the rights of the states to tax themselves, and to be represented in govern- 
 ment. It was not until after the war that the real national idea was taken 
 up and a genuine federated government founded. 
 
 Following the War of the Revolution, each state provided for its own 
 militia. This system grew slowly until in 1900 we find every state in the 
 union with its own miUtia system, supported by the individual state, and 
 organized for the exclusive purpose of defending the state and its property. 
 
 Minnesota furnished a good example of this form of militia. We had 
 three regiments of infantry, a hospital detail, and two batteries of ar- 
 tillery. We have since added a naval reserve(two squadrons) and a company 
 of engineers. These were organized for service only within the states. 
 The state paid its support. The government, to encourage each state 
 to maintain such a department of its power, paid each year a small sum 
 toward the support of this arm of the governmental service. 
 
 65 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 Then came the Dick Bill. It was introduced in congress for the purpose 
 of establishing a truly national militia. 
 
 Before the Dick Bill, a governor alone could order state militia troops 
 out for service. The government had no right to call upon the citizen sol- 
 diery for any service. 
 
 The Dick Bill made every militiaman a member of the federal militia. 
 
 The militiaman bound himself to be faithful to the commands of the 
 governor or his officials designated for that purpose, for service within 
 the state, and equally subject to the orders of the chief executive of the 
 nation, for service in the domain of the United States. 
 
 Thus, for the first time, was created a national militia within the mean- 
 ing of the provisions of section 2, article II., of the constitution of the United 
 States. 
 
 The Dick Bill makes the militia an annual charge upon the govern- 
 ment. The state pays but a small part of the military expense. The troops 
 are under government control, though this control is delegated in times of 
 peace to the executive of each individual state. 
 
 The citizen soldiery stand ready to serve their state and their nation, 
 depending only upon the call, whether it is of governor or president. 
 
 And now arises the question of necessity for such an organization. 
 
 Had we such a force in America in 1861, and preceding years of 
 warlike darkness, perhaps the terrible conflict might have been averted. 
 
 There is something in the "esprit du corps," the militant spirit of 
 service, that binds men together closer than even ties of relationship. 
 
 Every militiaman who serves his camp term and sleeps in a bunk with 
 his brother-in-arms, can appreciate what this spirit is. It is thicker than 
 blood, and stronger than friendship. Had that fraternal militant spirit 
 which the knowledge that men have, that they have military brothers in 
 other states, been present, the men of the South might have hesitated 
 to fight against their old bunk mates. This was shown in the number 
 of West Point graduates who forgot their native southern states to remain 
 in service of the union, rather than go back to their native states and fight 
 against brothers in the service. 
 
 The national militia knits, far better than chains of commerce or mer- 
 cantile intercourse, the one state with the other. It creates a new fraternal 
 bond among citizens of states in a single commonwealth with single purpose. 
 
 66 
 
National Militi 
 
 And again it serves the stead of a standing army, an establishment 
 which, by international opinion, has become a necessity, but which is en- 
 tirely contrary to the American spirit. 
 
 It costs one-tenth as much to keep 600,000 militiamen in readiness for 
 trouble as it does to keep 100,000 soldiers in a regularly equipped standing 
 army. 
 
 The standing army even of half a million men, perfectly organized, 
 could not be so distributed throughout the union that their services could 
 be immediately procured for service in case of strikes, riots, catastrophes, 
 and the thousand and one occasions when a military force is the one great 
 essential of maintaining the dignity, peace and integrity of a state, a nation, 
 a city or a hamlet. 
 
 Here, in the state of Minnesota, for instance, we have a military es- 
 tablishment scattered about in various parts of the state, perfectly organ- 
 ized, ready for service, part of the militia being at all times within reach 
 of any county in the state. There is not a spot in the state of Minnesota 
 that could not be cared for by a company or a dozen companies of militia 
 within a few hours. 
 
 It is the same in every state. Arrangements have been completed so 
 that the militia can now move faster and more expeditiously than regular 
 troops. 
 
 Minnesota is fortunate in having the greater Fort Snelling in her state. 
 There are a dozen states which have but small, if any, forts. 
 
 Let us suppose an Indian outbreak threatenedat Walker, Minn., to-night. 
 
 Before the government troops could be properly loaded on trains, 
 
 militia companies from Brainerd, Fergus Falls, Duluth, and Crookston 
 
 would be riding on special trains, nearing the scene of the conflict before 
 
 trains could pull out of the fort. And so it is in every state. 
 
 Then, granting that the regular army can be so distributed as to pre- 
 vent any trouble, the militia must be considered as a great supplementing 
 force that stands ready at a moment's call to back up the federal troops 
 with bullets or by sheer display of arms. 
 
 Then there is the moral element to be considered. How many strikes 
 have been averted each year because strikers knew that within a few hours 
 after a strike was called, militiamen would prevent disturbances and dem- 
 onstrations. 
 
 Is our present system entirely a good one? 
 
 67 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 From the standpoint of five years' experience in the militia, in close 
 contact with every branch of the service, more particularly the inner work- 
 ings of the guard, I must admit that there is room for improvement. 
 
 That there is a necessity for the present system is perfectly true, but 
 it can be improved upon. 
 
 Today, politics govern the appointments of adjutant generals, military 
 storekeepers, governors' staffs, and in most instances dictate the field officers' 
 appointments. 
 
 This is contrary to the spirit of military service, contrary to the sage 
 wisdom expressed on this subject by the founders of the republic echoing 
 and re-echoing down to us from the pages of the " Federalist. " 
 
 Service and ability alone should govern. 
 
 And when are placed over their brother citizens, volunteers in 
 the militia branch of military service, they must be men who can command 
 respect. When they give a military order, it should be obeyed, or the 
 non-obedience punished by some form of military disciplining. Discipline 
 must be maintained so far as military matters are concerned. There is, 
 however, another side than the mere military service. In order to keep 
 the volunteers in the service, and make it worth while, a civil branch has 
 been established, wherein officers and men are placed on greater equality 
 and wherein the private funds of the companies, much as private funds of 
 clubs, are disbursed. Many companies, most of them perhaps, maintain 
 club-rooms and a club-spirit, to hold the volunteers together. 
 
 In this civil branch of the service the officers should be allowed to 
 guide and to render final decision, but they should allow themselves to 
 be guided by the men. It is the men who form the company, who con- 
 tribute its company funds, and who, in the private affairs of the company, 
 should prevail. It has been noted with regret that officers of the Guard 
 have of late years forgotten the source of their epaulettes (election by the 
 enlisted men) and have stopped to dictate to the men expenditures of 
 funds, methods of procedure and direction of affairs arbitrarily and with 
 utter disregard of the rights and wishes of the enlisted volunteers. 
 
 If the national militia is to be maintained along the lines of its best 
 service, this system must be abolished; the quicker the better. 
 
 A weU regulated national militia is a necessity, strategically and eco- 
 nomically. Let it be properly maintained and conducted. 
 
 68 
 

 Indoor Baseball 
 
 By C. D. Crowther 
 
 ^OURS of 1st inst. regarding indoor baseball only reached me 
 yesterday, and as I have to leave for Seattle tonight, and will 
 be absent for a week or ten days, I can simply give you a 
 very rough and homely idea of my recollections of the game 
 as played by Company " C. " 
 
 It seems to me that an old member of the company con- 
 sidered it just as much a part of his duty to play the game as to 
 learn the manual of arms and other duties required of a soldier, and 
 when I was a member of that highly esteemed organization, a position on 
 the baseball team was fought for with as much zeal and conscientious hard 
 work as that displayed by members seeking to compose the " crack drill " 
 squad, or to be numbered in the rifle team, and a close scrutiny of the com- 
 pany's records will reveal the fact that the members of the various teams 
 were not only regular attendants at drill, but that they were also numbered 
 amongst the best soldiers in the regiment, and many of them rose from 
 private in the rear rank to the command of their company. 
 
 When war was declared with Spain, eight of the nine members com- 
 posing the team during the winter of 1897-1898 were found enlisted in 
 Company "C, " 13th Minn. Vol., and the fact that one of them was the cap- 
 tain, another the second lieutenant, three were sergeants, two others were 
 corporals, and only one a private, should be sufficient evidence to show 
 that in playing the game they had not let it interfere with their duties as 
 soldiers, and that they were not found wanting when the company needed 
 their services. I make this statement for the reason that on several oc- 
 casions when earnest efforts were made to obtain certain concessions to 
 further the cause of indoor baseball, it was always contended by certain 
 oflicers that it interfered with the other duties which a soldier was called 
 upon to perform. I believe a large majority of the old members will bear 
 me out when I state that indoor baseball did more good for the Guard than 
 anything else. 
 
 My first experience with the game was when I joined Company "C," 
 in the fall of 1892. They then had a very strong and successful team, and 
 had been playing the game some years previous to that time. I believe 
 
 69 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 Company "C" had the first team in Minnesota, although I cannot speak 
 authoratively on this point, but I will state, without fear of contradiction, 
 that they popularized the game and displayed more interest in its welfare 
 than any other organization. I believe when I first joined the company 
 Ex-Captain Ben. W. Rising was the pitcher, and Al. Fisher the catcher. 
 Mr. Fisher was, to my notion, the greatest indoor baseball catcher that ever 
 played the game in Minnesota. Captain J. F. Snow was the second base- 
 man, and both he and Fisher were conspicuous by the marvelous plays they 
 used to make. It was an old saying then that a foul tick meant out with 
 Fisher behind the bat, and that a runner had no more chance of stealing 
 second than a foreigner has to become president of this glorious republic. 
 
 I do not know of any year when I was a member of the company that 
 it was not in first place so far as indoor baseball was concerned, and while 
 they always had an exceedingly strong team, I believe their strongest ag- 
 gregation of players was in the winter of 94-95, when the team lined up about 
 as follows: Fisher, catcher; N. C. Robinson, pitcher; G. K. Sheppard, 
 first base; Snow, second base; Cook, third base; Bennett and C. M. Barlow, 
 shortstops ; Fred Robinson and Arthur B. White, outfielders. 
 
 Captain Benj. W. Rising was the first pitcher I remember, and he was 
 succeeded by Major Robinson, who in those days had a very deceptive 
 drop ball and unlimited speed. The company played some very scientific 
 and exciting games every year I was connected with the Guard, but un- 
 questionably the greatest game it ever participated in was played at Fari- 
 bault, Minn., in the spring of 1897, and that game was probably the most 
 noteworthy in the history of indoor baseball. "Bones" Clark, who was 
 manager of Company " I " team, of Minneapolis, had received a challenge from 
 Company "B, " of Faribault, to play that organization for the champion- 
 ship of the state. Clark evidently had not sufficient faith in his aggregation 
 to warrant him to believe they could deliver the goods, and while the game 
 was advertised as being between Companies " I " and " B, " it contained, 
 nevertheless, but two Company " I " players, the other seven being members 
 of "C" Company, \-iz: N. C. Robinson, J. F. Snow, H. E. Cook, C. M. Bar- 
 low, Harry Bennett, F. C. Robinson and A. B. White. On this occasion I 
 officiated as one of the umpires. We were opposed to probably the most 
 wonderful pitcher the game of indoor baseball had ever produced. His 
 name, I beUeve, was Quimby, and up to that time " B " Company, of Fari- 
 bault, had shut out every team they had played against, and unquestionably 
 
 70 
 
ndoor Baseball 
 
 expected us to meet the same fate. Nine full innings of perfect ball were 
 played without a run being scored. In the tenth inning Capt. Snow got 
 passed to first; he thereupon made a steal for second, and were it not for the 
 fact that the catcher threw high, he would have died there. Snow slid for 
 the bag and the second baseman let the ball get away from him, and it went 
 sailing out into the outfield. Snow was on his feet immediately, and by 
 a wonderful sprint and a most remarkable slide, beat the throw home by the 
 fraction of a second. In those days Snow was the quickest man on bases 
 I have ever seen, and I do not believe any other member of the team would 
 have made home safely on the play. Both pitchers twirled the games of 
 their lives, and no teams ever gave pitchers better support. I believe 24 
 men were struck out by Quimby, and that Robinson captured 22 scalps. 
 They seemed to be possessed with evil spirits, and every batter was at their 
 mercy. Every member of our team played star ball, and it would be un- 
 just to make special mention of the work of any individual member as ex- 
 celling that of any other player, for every chance was accepted without the 
 semblance of an error. There were two plays made at critical points in the 
 game which are still very vivid in my mind. With a man on third base 
 and two out, the ball was driven hard and low by one of the Faribault bat- 
 ters and struck shortstop Bennett on the shins, and caromed off toward 
 second base. Barlow sprung for the ball, made a perfect pick-up and shot 
 the ball over to first in time to catch the batter. In the tenth inning, with 
 a man on second base, and only one out, a short fly was sent out to right 
 field. White was unable to reach it in time to gather it in, but he made a 
 wonderful scoop and returned the ball so quickly to the home plate that Snow 
 was able to tag the runner and get the ball over to third base in time to catch 
 the player who had batted the ball out, thus completing about the 
 prettiest double play I ever saw. 
 
 During all the time I had the pleasure of serving in Company " C, " 
 a very lively interest was manifested in the game, but it was played more 
 extensively in the Philippines than anywhere else. We thought it was all 
 up with indoor baseball when we went there, but upon calling upon our 
 friend, Mr. Chinaman, and getting him interested in the fact that here was 
 a chance to make some "easy money," he was soon furnishing the necessary 
 paraphernalia, and he did a good, thriving business, for after we once got 
 started, every member of the company became an enthusiast, and there was 
 something doing at all times, from reveille to taps, and even our old friend 
 
 71 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 ' 'Buck" Stephenson became quite a star member of one of the various and 
 sundry teams, and attained quite a little notoriety as a pitcher. During 
 the long and trying days when we served on the Provost Guard, in the tough 
 Tondo district, indoor baseball (which, by the way, we played in an open 
 vacant block opposite our barracks) was the only pleasure we had, and how 
 it helped to reheve the dull monotony of police duty, the members of 
 the company at that time can best attest, and it also helped to keep us 
 in first-class shape physically, and kept \is away from all temptations. After 
 we began playing the game, various companies of our own and other regi- 
 ments took it up, and there were a number of very spirited and exciting 
 contests pulled off in that far distant and never-to-be-forgotten land. 
 
 I beheve, among all the star players that our company turned out, 
 Al. Fisher heads the list. He was a more remarkable catcher than J. F. 
 Snow, and the younger generation have had ample opportunity to witness 
 the latter's work behind the bat. I believe Major Robinson was our best 
 pitcher, although the good work performed by Harry Cook and Harry 
 Lyon is also worthy of favorable comment. Cook and Snow were without 
 question the best second basemen our teams ever possessed, and I should 
 accord the shortstop honors to Lyon and Barlow, and think before Geo. 
 Sheppard was injured he was unquestionably the peerof all our first basemen. 
 But while the above mentioned players were shining lights in their various 
 positions, there were also a number of others who were far above the 
 average player. I attribute the company's success at the game in the past 
 to the fact that they made a deep study of team work; they were also, as a 
 rule, natural hitters and took advantage of every opportunity to advance 
 a base; also on account of the loyalty of the men to their company and their 
 ambition for its success. 
 
 In the early 90's our hardest and best games were played withCompany "I" 
 of Minneapolis, and the sport was always absolutely clean, which was due 
 to the fact that both teams contained refined and gentlemanly players, 
 and the best of good will existed, and I can truthfully say, a Company "C" 
 man received a more cordial welcome at the hands of Company " I " than a 
 member of any other organization, and up to the time I left the Guard, and 
 during our service in the Philippines, the utmost loyalty always existed be- 
 tween these two companies. 
 
 72 
 
n d o o 
 
 Baseball 
 
 I sincerely hope the future generation will be fond adherents of the 
 game, and that they will not suffer by comparison with their predecessors, 
 and even if they should not be so successful, I have enough confidence in 
 my old company to know they will always strive, no matter what they 
 undertake to do, to do it with a proper spirit and in a clean and honorable 
 manner. 
 
 Every old member feels a pride in Company " C " and its achieve- 
 ments, and the friends I made while playing on the indoor baseball team 
 are my best friends today, and I want none better. 
 
 
 73 
 
The "Rookie's" Arrival 
 
 By Lambert F. Fairchild 
 
 [OU to the fourth tent down the line ! " a familiar voice hailed 
 me, and then I knew that I really was in camp. And I 
 welcomed the dawning fact. Thirty minutes on that Lake 
 City 'bus, and the cry of " To the lake with him ! " would 
 have rung in my ears with the same lively sense of appre- 
 ciation with which a fallen angel would grasp and drain a 
 proffered cup of fresh spring water. 
 
 Then to the tent in question, haled before an impromptu court-martial 
 and as promptly fined "three bottles, " because, forsooth, I had not walked down 
 from town. And the only satisfaction I have ever received, or in fact 
 wished for, was to play the same game upon the next unfortunate arrival. 
 
 Next, to the tent of the company commander, and in the brief inter- 
 view which followed, I learned how to salute and address my captain — 
 and learned my lesson well. The tent to which I was assigned was already 
 tenanted by two reckless young scapegraces, whose subsequent perform- 
 ances still fill me with wonder. For upon retiring for our beauty sleep, 
 a floor, bare save for scattered clothes, met the eye, but the morning's glad 
 sunlight invariably revealed the presence of from three to six empty beer 
 bottles under my cot. And I'll take my Bible oath that I was not respon- 
 sible, yet on the other hand, a man must needs have been bred in the very 
 air of suspicion to doubt the asservations of innocence of my bunkies, 
 when gazing into their fresh and fair young faces, and the azure depths of 
 their guileless eyes. 
 
 A brief session about a fire in the company street, songs and tales 
 of varied hues, a vaudeville sketch entitled "The Two Samaritans, " in 
 which two of our boys amused us by their endeavors, in all seriousness 
 mark you, to induce each the other to retire for the night, winding up with 
 an imitation of a " total immersion " baptism. 
 
 Then to bed, to sleep the dreamless slumber of the just till reveille 
 should wake us to as glad a morn as man may spend, glorying in the fresh, 
 
 74 
 
The "Rookie's" Arrival 
 
 cool air, in the beauty of the sun-kissed crescent of old Diamond Bluff, 
 and delighting in the martial ardor with which we greeted our round of 
 military duty. 
 
 The hour is late, the sun has set, 
 
 And silence reigns supreme; 
 The flickering candle light below, 
 
 Above, the moon's broad beam. 
 But hark! from o'er the stilly night 
 
 The bugle's notes are heard, 
 From Diamond Bluff to Frontenac, 
 
 Like the night song of a bird. 
 From sweet, sad songs of long ago 
 
 To the ringing call to fight ; 
 And then the gentle lullaby. 
 
 The trumpeter's good-night. 
 So once again Queen Quiet reigns, 
 
 Our senses lulled in sleep; 
 As we the people's rights may guard. 
 
 So God our souls may keep. 
 
 75 
 
Rifle Records 
 
 By Lieut. Arthur E. Clark, Jr. 
 
 ^N the matter of rifle practice, Company C has stood among 
 the first in the different military organizations of the state. 
 A summary of the records of its members in individual 
 matches, and of those who have been chosen as members 
 of different rifle teams, also of the matches in which the 
 company team has participated, will, without doubt, interest 
 all the friends and ex-members of the company. 
 
 The following short outline will give one an idea of the work thus per- 
 formed by the company members in this important branch of the military 
 service. 
 
 In 1886, at the annual encampment at White Bear Lake, Company 
 C was awarded the colonel's gold medal for qualifying the largest number 
 of sharpshooters — seven of the company's members having made the 
 required percentage for that class. 
 
 On September 1, 1886, the company team, represented by T. L. Wann, 
 E. H. Whitcomb, A. E. Chantler, and S. Blakely, defeated a similar |team 
 representing Company I of Minneapolis, by a score of 434 to 389. The 
 match was for the champioixship of the two cities. 
 
 On September 16, 1886, Lieut. Chantler of Company C won the Fair- 
 mont prize, defeating 38 competitors. 
 
 September 16, 1886, the Pillsbury cup was won by the Company C 
 team, represented by Lieut. S. Blakely, Lieut. A. E. Chantler. Private E. 
 H. Whitcomb, Sergt. J. C. Shandrew, Sergt. W. B. Neal and Private T. L. 
 Wann. The score made by Company C in this match — 347 — has never 
 been bettered by a team of six men firing the same number of shots in any 
 match contested in this state. 
 
 In 1886, at the annual election of officers of the Minnesota National 
 Guard Rifle Association, Lieut. Chantler of Company C was chosen president 
 and Private E. H. Whitcomb of Company C secretary and treasurer. 
 
 In 1887 Company C had two men on the 1st regiment team — Lieut. 
 Chantler and Private Moreland, the 1st re^ment team winning the state 
 trophy. Lieut. Chantler's score was the highest of any member of the 
 winning team. 
 
 76 
 
Rifle Records 
 
 On October 11, 1887, Lieut. Chantler won the Reeve match against 10 
 competitors ; had the highest score in the Inter-state match, when the team 
 representing Wisconsin was defeated by the Minnesota team; won the Still- 
 water match against 25 competitors; was third in the St. Paul match, and 
 first in the continuous match of that year. 
 
 At the annual election of officers, Lieut. Chantler was again chosen 
 president of the National Guard Rifle Association for a second term. 
 
 Company C had two members on the team of 10 representing Minne- 
 sota at the International rifle match held in Chicago, where the Minnesota 
 representatives secured second and third places in the only two matches in 
 which it participated. 
 
 On September 27, 1888, the team representing Company C in the Pills- 
 bury match, consisting of Corp. Iverson, Corp. Moreland, Capt. Chantler, 
 Sergt. Bailly, Sergt. Stevenson and Priv. Neal,was again victorious, winning 
 with 29 points to spare over Company A of Minneapolis, which was second. 
 
 On September 28, 1888, in the Company Team match of the state, 
 contested at the Rifle Association tournament at Fort Snelling, Company 
 C's team defeated Company G of Red Wing, Company A of Minneapolis, 
 and Company K of Stillwater; this match was for the state company team 
 trophy. At the annual election in 1888, Capt. Chantler was again chosen 
 president. 
 
 On September 29, 1888, the team of six, representing Company C in the 
 military team match of the Western Rifle Association, won first place by a 
 score of 421. 
 
 In the State Enlisted Men's match, held at Lake City September 14, 
 1889, Priv. D. Moreland, of Company C, was second, Priv. E. H. Whitcomb 
 was third, Corp. W. P. Neal fourth, and Priv. F. C. Bailly was fifth. There 
 were 51 competitors in this match. 
 
 In the State Company Team match held on September 14, 1889, there 
 were seven competing teams, the team representing Company C winning 
 first place by a score of 375 against 346 for Company G of Red Wing, which 
 team was second in the contest. 
 
 In September, 1890, the Pillsbury cup was won for the third time by 
 the team of six men representing Company C, and the trophy now adorns 
 the Company room as the property of the command. 
 
 August 29, 1891, the company team of seven men, consisting of Lieut. 
 Iverson, Lieut. Neal, Privs. Whitcomb, Moreland, Smith, Bailly and Wood 
 
 77 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 won the State Company Team match, with a total score of 1172 to 1113, 
 for its nearest competitor. 
 
 August 30, 1891, the same team won the Red Wing trophy, offered 
 for competition by company teams of six men. 
 
 August 31, 1891, Lieut. Neal won the St. Paul match, defeating 24 
 competitors. 
 
 August 31, 1891, Priv. E. H. Whitcomb made highest score, Chantler 
 Badge, 25 competitors. 
 
 September 1, 1891, Lieut. Neal won the Collins badge, defeating 24 
 competitors. 
 
 Members of the company have secured first honors in many other 
 rifle matches held in the state since the contests above referred to, and the 
 company now has its own rifle range within 25 minutes ride from the armory. 
 
 During the years from 1891 to 1898, the company team did not partici- 
 pate in any matches of importance, but had many men on the Ist Infan- 
 try and the State Rifle teams. For three consecutive years, Company C 
 furnished seven men on the 1st Infantry team. 
 
 During the years 1898 and 1899 the company was in the service of 
 the United States. 
 
 1900 
 
 In the first year of its reorganization after the war with Spain, Company 
 C at the annual encampment held at Lake city, qualified one sharpshooter 
 and two marksmen. At the fall shoot, held in September, Corp. David H. 
 Kimball secured fifth place, and Private Arthur E. Clark, Jr., seventh place, 
 on the 1st Infantry rifle team. In the competition between the three infan- 
 try teams, one from each regiment, Corp. Kimball made the third highest 
 score on the 1st Infantry team. In the competition for places on the state 
 rifle team, held next day. Private Clark secured ninth place on the team 
 composed of twelve men and four alternates. 
 
 RECORD BY YEARS 
 
 1901 
 
 During this year the company qualified one marksman at camp, 
 Sergt. David H. Kimball, who was also chosen as a member of the Ist Infan- 
 
 78 
 
Rifle R 
 
 o 
 
 try team and made sixth place on the team in its annual match with the 
 other two regiments, held in September. In the competition for places on 
 the state team, Sergt. Kimball secured a position as alternate. 
 
 1902 
 
 This year the company made much improvement in its rifle work and 
 showed that its training received in the past had begun to bear fruit, it 
 qualified one distinguished marksman, two sharpshooters and four marksmen. 
 
 Sergt. William B. Burlingham having qualified as sharpshooter for 
 five years, won the badge and title of "distinguished marksman. " Private 
 Arthur E. Clark, Jr., was selected as a member on the 1st Infantry rifle 
 team. In the competition between the first, second and third infantry 
 teams, he made first place on his team, and third place among the thirty 
 men firing. In the shoot for places on the state rifle team, held next day 
 Private Clark made ninth place on the team. 
 
 1903 
 
 In 1903 the company still continued on the up grade and by the increase 
 in the number of marksmen it was plain that the company was showing 
 continued improvement; the company having one sharpshooter and 
 seven marksmen qualified at camp and upon the home range to its credit. 
 At the fall shoot of the National Guard, held early in September, Sergt. 
 Arthur E. Clark, Jr., was selected as a member of the 1st Infantry 
 rifle team. In the competition between the three infantry teams he made 
 second place on his team. He was also one of the men chosen to compete 
 for places on the state rifle team — making third place on the team. 
 This fall an interstate match was held between Minnesota, Illinois and 
 Iowa state rifle teams. Sergt. Clark made the highest total aggregate 
 score and the best skirmish run of the Minnesota men, securing first place 
 on his team. 
 
 1904 
 
 1904 demonstrated that Company C once more forged to the front in 
 rifle work, more men receiving decorations for excellence in marksmanship 
 during this year than any year in the history of the company. One expert 
 rifleman, and 29 marksmen stood to its credit at the end of the season. 
 
 79 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 Second Lieut. Arthur E. Clark, Jr., made the highest aggregate score 
 of any member of the Minnesota Guard for this year, securing for this com- 
 pany the honor of again having one of its members at the head of the 
 National Guard in markmanship. 
 
 In a match held during the annual encampment at Lake City in July 
 of this year, a team of seven men from each of the St. Paul companies, C, 
 D and E, shot for a cup presented to the St. Paul battalion of the Guard by 
 Dr. A. W. Miller. Company C won this match by seven points over Com- 
 pany D, Company E standing third. 
 
 The following men composed the team: 
 Capt. J. F. Snow Corp. Michael A. Barry 
 
 Lieut. G. K. Sheppard Priv. Moncrieff M. Cochran 
 
 Lieut. A. E. Clark, Jr. Priv. Arthur A. Dom 
 
 First Sergt. F. A. Tiffany 
 
 At the fall shoot Lieut. Clark was chosen as a member of the 1st 
 Infantry team, and in the competition between the three infantry teams, 
 made second place on his team. The following day he secured first place 
 among the 25 men chosen to compete for positions on the state team, lead- 
 ing the nearest man by 21 points. 
 
 To stimulate greater interest in rifle work among its members, Mr. E. A. 
 Brown of St. Paul, in 1903, presented to the company a beautiful gold 
 medal to be competed for annually by all members of the company until won 
 three times, when it will become the personal property of the man thus 
 winning it. The first year Capt. John F. Snow had the highest total score 
 on the home range for the year, thus being the first man to win the medal. 
 
 The following year, 1904, Lieut. Arthur E. Clark, Jr., won the medal. 
 
 The shooting for this medal has aroused much keen rivalry among 
 members of the company, and has done much to increase the interest in 
 rifle work. 
 
 It will be seen by this short resume that Company C has carried off its 
 full share of honors in the marksmen line of work during its existence as 
 a company of the National Guard. Many of its members and ex-members 
 have gained high honors in rifle work and places upon different rifle teams, 
 and have always stood well up to the front. Company C may well be proud 
 of its record in rifle work. 
 
 As Company C has had the distinction of having one or more men on 
 the Minnesota State Rifle Team every year in which a team was selected — 
 
 80 
 
Rifle R e c o 
 
 an honor which no other company in the state can claim — it would not be 
 amiss at this time to give in brief an account of these teams, with a record 
 of the teams and the names of Company C men who won positions on them. 
 
 MINNESOTA STATE RIFLE TEAM FOR 1887 
 
 First Lieut. Alfred E. Chantler, Member. 
 Priv. David Moreland, Alternate. 
 The Washburn trophy was won by this team on October 8, 1887, in a 
 contest between Minnesota and Wisconsin, held at Fort Snelling. The 
 aggregate score of the Minnesota team was 959 points, and of the Wisconsin 
 team 915 points. The team was composed of twelve men and four alter- 
 nates. 
 
 FOR 1888 
 
 Capt. Alfred E. Chantler, Member. 
 First Lieut. John C. Shandrew, Alternate, 
 former sergeant in Company C. 
 The Washburn trophy was won a second time by the Minnesota team 
 on September 28, 1888, in a contest between Minnesota, Wisconsin and 
 Iowa, held at Fort Snelling. The aggregate total scores of the three teams 
 were as follows: Minnesota, 984; Wisconsin, 964; Iowa, 846. But the 
 the following year, owing to a protest of the Adjutant-general of Wisconsin, 
 Gen. John H. Mullen waived Minnesota's claim to the trophy, and the score 
 was wiped out. This team was composed of twelve men and four alternates. 
 
 FOR 1890 
 
 Col. Alfred E. Chantler, Member, 
 
 former captain of Company C. 
 
 Priv. Edward H. Whitcomb, Alternate. 
 
 The third interstate match for the Washburn trophy was held at 
 
 Camp Douglas, Wisconsin; on September 12, 1890, teams from Minnesota, 
 
 Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa and Michigan participating. The trophy was won 
 
 by Minnesota for a third time (officially the second time) after a close contest. 
 
 The team was composed of ten men and four alternates. 
 
 Minnesota, 2,384; Wisconsin, 2,378; Illinois, 2,366; Iowa, 2,296; 
 Michigan, 2,225. 
 
 81 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 FOR 1891 
 
 Second Lieut. Wilbur B. Neal, Member. 
 
 Priv. Edward H. Whitcomb, Member. 
 
 Priv. Frank C. Bailly, Member. 
 
 The fourth interstate match for the Washburn trophy was held at 
 
 Springfield, Illinois, on September 8, 1891, between the states of Illinois, 
 
 Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa. The trophy was awarded to Illinois on 
 
 the following scores: Illinois, 2,677; Wisconsin, 2,669; Minnesota, 2,582; 
 
 Iowa, 2,538. This team was composed of ten men and four alternates. 
 
 FOR 1900 
 
 Priv. Arthur E. Clark, Jr., Member. 
 No interstate match was held this year, the ten men holding the best 
 scores in each regiment were selected to contest for places on the team. 
 The twelve best men and four alternates were chosen. 
 
 FOR 1901 
 
 Sergt. David H. Kimball, Alternate. 
 No interstate match was held this year. Twelve men and four alter- 
 nates CDmposed the team. 
 
 FOR 1902 
 
 Priv. Arthur E. Clark, Jr., Member. 
 This year no interstate match was held. The team was composed of 
 of the same number of men and selected in the same way as 1900 and 1901. 
 
 FOR 1903 
 
 Sergt. Arthur E. Clark, Jr., Member. 
 The fifth interstate match for the Washburn trophy was held on Septem- 
 ber 23 and 24. Teams from Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota competing. 
 The trophy was won for the third time by Illinois team with the following 
 score: The teams were composed of twelve men and four alternates. 
 Illinois, 2,351; Minnesota, 2,148; Iowa, 2,134. 
 
 FOR 1904 
 
 Second Lieut. Arthur E. Clark, Jr., Member. 
 No interstate competition was participated in this year. The team was 
 composed of twelve men and four alternates, being selected as in former 
 years. 
 
 82 
 
R i f 1 
 
 R 
 
 o 
 
 d s 
 
 The members of Company C who secured positions on the state 
 team always fulfilled the duty which their selection imposed. Never in any 
 match were they found wanting, but stood well up and worked for the best 
 interests of the team. Company C has always been represented on the 1st 
 Infantry rifle team each year, and there, as well as on the state team, their 
 presence has strengthened the team. 
 
 During Company C's service in the National Guard it has qualified 
 one "Expert Rifleman," three "Distinguished Marksmen," thirteen 
 "Sharpshooters," and 142 "Marksmen. " 
 
 Following is a list of those who are entitled to the decorations — with 
 the different years in which the qualifications were made, as near as can 
 be obtained from the records in the adjutant-general's office: 
 
 EXPERT RIFLEMEN 
 Second Lieutenant Arthur E.Clark, Jr., qualified in 1904. 
 
 DISTINGUISHED RIFLEMEN 
 
 William B. Burlingham, sergeant, 1896, 1897, 1900, 1901, 1902. 
 Wilbur B. Neal, second lieutenant, 1885, 1886, 1888, 1902, 1903, 1904. 
 EdwardH.Whitcomb, 1886, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1899, 1900, 1902. 
 
 SHARPSHOOTERS 
 
 Frank C. Bailly, 1885, 1886. 
 Sheldon Blakely, captain, 1885, 1886. 
 Alfred E. Chantler, captain, 1885, 1886, 
 
 1887, 1889, 1890. 
 Arthur E. Clark, Jr., second lieutenant, 
 
 1900, 1902, 1903. 1904. 
 Louis E. Fairchild, 1885, 1886. 
 William C. Harris, 1896. 
 
 David Moreland, 1887. 
 
 Radcliff, 1885. 
 
 Benjamin W. Rising, captain, 1893. 
 
 John C. Shandrew, sergeant, 1885, 1886, 
 
 1888 
 William C. Smiley, lieutenant, 1896. 
 Terrell E. Smith, 1896. 
 Leslie T. Wann, 1885, 1886. 
 
 MARKSMEN 
 
 1885 
 
 Corporal Stevenson, 1885, 1886. 
 Lieutenant Cr.iig, 1885, 1886. 
 Corporal Shank, 1885, 1886. 
 Private Cas,?erly, 1885. 
 Private Hawkes, 1885, 1886. 
 Corporal Cary, 1885. 
 Private Van Duzee, 1885. 
 Capt. Dawson, 1885, 1886. 
 Private Brickhall, 1885, 1886. 
 Private Knowles, 1885. 
 Private Severance, 1885. 
 
 Sergeant Smith, 1885, 1886. 
 Private Curtiss, 1885. 
 Private Frost, 1885. 
 Musician Schakke, 1885. 
 Sergeant A. P. Bateham, 1886. 
 Private R. L. Winne, 1886. 
 Sergeant H. C. Braden, 1886. 
 Private A. J. W. Lufsky, 1886. 
 Private W. S. Hale, 1886. 
 Private Wann. 1885. 
 Private C. C. Fairchild, 188a 
 Lieut. Blakely, 1885. 
 Private Whitcomb, 1885. . 
 
 83 
 
H 
 
 1 s t o r y 
 
 o 
 
 f c 
 
 o m p a n y 
 
 C" 
 
 MARKiMEN — CONTINUED 
 
 1887 
 
 Captain S. Blakely, 1887. 
 Second Lieutenant F. C. Bailey, 1887. 
 Sergeant^S. O. Merrill, 1887. 
 Corporal J. M. Hawkes, 1887. 
 Corporal R. L. Winne, 1887. 
 Private A. P. Bateham, 1887. 
 Private W. H. Hart, 1887. 
 Private E. H. Whitcomb, 1887. 
 
 1888 
 
 Second Lieutenant C. A. Van Duzee, 
 
 1888. 
 Sergeant H. C. Braden, 1888. 
 Sergeant R. L. Winne, 1888. 
 Sergeant J. M. Hawkes, 1888. 
 Corporal D. Moreland, 1888. 
 Corporal W. S. HaU, 1888. 
 Private F. C. Bailey, 1888, 1889. 
 Private H. S. Meeker, 1888. 
 Private A. McNaUy, 1888. 
 Private C. C. Warren, 1888. 
 Corporal S. G. Iverson, 1888. 
 
 1889 
 
 Lieutenant Van Duzee. 
 Lieutenant Merrill. 
 Sergeant Winne. 
 Sergeant Iverson. 
 Corporal Kelly. 
 Corporal Hawkes. 
 Private Fairchild. 
 Private Baden. 
 Private W. B. \eal. 
 Private Harris. 
 Private Stevenson. 
 Private Stivers. 
 Private D. Moreland. 
 
 1890 
 
 First Lieutenant S. G. Iverson. 
 Second Lieutenant W. B. Neal 
 Private E. H. Whitcomb. 
 Private F. C. Bailly. 
 Private D. Moreland. 
 Private T. E. Smith. 
 
 1891-1892 
 
 No records. 
 
 1893 
 
 Corporal Richardson. 
 Sergeant Cox. 
 Sergeant T. E. Smith. 
 Private Wilson. 
 Private McCarthy. 
 Lieutenant Perkins. 
 
 1894 
 
 Private T. E. Smith. 
 Captain B. W. Rising. 
 Lieutenant W. M. Perkins. 
 Sergeant A. B. Coxe. 
 
 1895 
 
 Lieutenant W. A. Perkins. 
 Private F. R. Breed. 
 LieCltenant C. J. Bunker. 
 Sergeant W. C. Smiley. 
 Corporal E. R. Simons. 
 Corporal E. J. Bobletter. 
 Private F. C. Robinson. 
 Private R. A. Irian. 
 Private J. A. Stout. 
 Private V. I. McCue. 
 Private L. L. Lee. 
 Private H. H. Bennett. 
 
 1896 
 
 Sergeant E. R. Simons. 
 Sergeant F. C. Robinson. 
 Corporal B. McCue. 
 Private W. W. Lines. 
 
 1897 
 
 Private A. F. Kavenaugh. 
 Corporal J. .1. Strutzel. 
 Private J. M. Hefner. 
 Sergeant O. Schaffer. 
 Lieut. W. M. Perkin? 
 
 1898 
 
 Classification made while in U. S. Army. 
 
 84 
 
R i f 1 
 
 R 
 
 MAKKSMSN — CONTINUED 
 
 1899 
 
 1904 
 
 Classification made while in U. S. Army. 
 1900 
 
 Corporal David H. Kimball. 
 Private Gustav C. Scholar. 
 
 1901 
 
 Sergeant David H. Kimball 
 
 1902 
 
 First Sergeant Fred C. Robinson. 
 Sergeant David H. Kimball. 
 Private Charles R. Mearham 
 Private Edward H. Nolting. 
 
 1903 
 
 First Lieutenant George K. Sheppard. 
 Second Lieutenant Fred C. Robinson. 
 Sergeant David H. Kimball. 
 Corporal Edward O. Wergedahl. 
 Private Michael W. Barry. 
 Private Charles A. Campbell. 
 Private Joseph R. Vance. 
 
 Captain John F. Snow. 
 First Lieutenant George K. Sheppard. 
 First Sergeant Frederick A. Tiffany. 
 Sergeant Clinton S. CoUedge. 
 Sergeant Arnold Arneson. 
 Sergeant Lynne W. Eddy. 
 Sergeant William M. Brack. 
 Corporal Julius B. Frankel. 
 Corporal Michael W. Barry. 
 Musician Marshall W. Zeno. 
 Private Richard E. Andrews. 
 Private Albert J. Berry. 
 Private Harry M. Breslin. 
 Private Moncrieff M. Cochrar 
 Private Arthur A. Dorn. 
 Private Harold K. Edwards. 
 Private Arthur G. Edgerton. 
 Private Harry Felberbaum. 
 Private Jacob Felberbaum. 
 Private Hiram D. Frankel. 
 Private Charles A. FuUen. 
 Private Edward M. Gallagher. 
 Private Charles C. Ives. 
 Private Harold C. Kerr. 
 Private John L. McCool. 
 Private Edward W. McLean 
 Private Roy L. Morgan. 
 Private Frank Sontra. 
 Private Frank J. Vogtli. 
 
 Lieut. A. E. Clark, Jr. 
 
Original and Present Rosters 
 
 ORIGINAL ROSTER 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 1st Lieut., W. B. Bend. 
 Capt., C. S. Bunker. 
 2nd Lieut., W. H. Oxley. 
 1st Sergt., F. P. Wright. 
 2nd Sergt., C. B. Howe. 
 3rd Sergt., Thos. Cochran, Jr. 
 4th Sergt., W. M. Becker. 
 
 5th Sergt., C. F. Sibley. 
 1st Corp., C. P. Marvin. 
 2nd Corp., Herman Scheffer. 
 3rd Corp., H. R, Lyon. 
 4th Corp., T. R. Forbes, 
 5th Corp., Walter Hewett. 
 6th Corp., W. W. Leonard. 
 
 
 PRIVATES 
 
 Baldwin, T. S. 
 
 McKey, Jos. 
 
 Chittenden, E. S. 
 
 McKey, C. D. 
 
 Davenport, Jas., Jr. 
 
 Myers, T. B. 
 
 Finch, Sherman 
 
 Moore, J. P. 
 
 Frohne, F. W. 
 
 Pearce, W. G. 
 
 HamUton, E. F. 
 
 Potts, C. J. 
 
 Horton, H. H. 
 
 Stephenson, B. W. 
 
 Keogh, Frank 
 
 Walsh, S. B. 
 
 Living8ton,|Crawford 
 
 Walsh, John R. 
 
 Mathes, T. E. 
 
 Willis, J. W. 
 
 PRESENT ROSTER 
 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 Capt., John F. Snow. 
 
 Sergt., Harlan G. Grosscup. 
 
 Ist Lieut., George K. Sheppard. 
 
 Corp., Lambert F. Fairchild 
 
 2nd Lieut., Arthur E. Clark, Jr. 
 
 Corp., Julius. B. Frankel. 
 
 1st Sergt., Frederick A. Tiffany. 
 
 Corp., Edward M.Gallagher. 
 
 Q. M. Sergt., Clinton S. CoUedge. 
 
 Corp., Hiram D. Frankel. 
 
 Sergt., Arnold Ameson. 
 
 Corp., Jacob Filberbaum. 
 
 Sergt., Lynne W. Eddy. 
 
 Corp., Frank Sontra. 
 
 Sergt., William M. Brack. 
 
 
 86 
 
I 
 
 p 
 o 
 
 ° X 
 
 > 
 
Original and Present Rosters 
 
 PRIVATES 
 
 Musician, John M. Finkelson. Private, 
 
 Musician, Marshall W. Zeno. Private, 
 
 Artificer, James Semuel. Private, 
 
 Private, Anderson, Fred W. Private, 
 
 Private, Andrist, William J. Private, 
 
 Private, Baker, Samuel W. Private, 
 
 Private, Barry, Michael W. Private, 
 
 Private, Beatson, James R. Private, 
 
 Private, Beatson, John B. Private, 
 
 Private, Berry, Albert J. Private, 
 
 Private, Brack, Raymond H. Private, 
 
 Private, Breslin, Harry M. Private, 
 
 Private, Craig, William G. Private, 
 
 Private, Deifell, John W. Private, 
 
 Private, Desforges, Arthur J. Private, 
 
 Private, Doyle, Frank I. Private, 
 
 Private, Edlund, Herbert T. Private, 
 Private; Edwards, George F., Jr. Private, 
 
 Private, Edwards, Harold K. Private, 
 
 Private, Ermatinger, Joseph J. Private, 
 
 Private, Felberbaum, Harry Private, 
 Private, Forsman, Sidney H. 
 
 FuUen, Charles A. 
 Gaskell, Chester W. 
 Ives, Charles C. 
 Kerr, Harold^C. 
 Kinney, Cleveland^C. 
 McCool, John L. 
 McLean, Edward W. 
 Mearns, Bertram R. 
 Miller, John R. 
 Morgan, Roy L. 
 Neal, William H., Jr. 
 Nelson, Nels A. 
 Payne, Arthur W. 
 Peterson, Henry J. 
 Sadik, William G. 
 Sloan, Jackson G. 
 Stegner, Dewayne O. 
 Underwood, Harry, E. 
 Voytli, Frank J. 
 Weaver, Robert 
 Westhafer, George A 
 
 87 
 
Philippine Roster 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 Clarence G. Bunker, Capt. 
 John F. Snow, 1st Lieut. 
 John M. Smethurst, 2d Lieut. 
 George K. Sheppard, 1st Sergt. 
 James G. Wallace, Q. M. Sergt. 
 Fred C. Robinson, Sergt. 
 John McK. Heffner, Sergt. 
 John L. Phillips, Sergt. 
 Eugene B. Crandall, Sergt. 
 Walter E. DeLamere, Corp. 
 A. Frank Cavanaugh, Corp. 
 Edw. Jungbauer, Corp. 
 Charles T. DeLamere, Corp 
 
 Edwin D. Belden, Corp. 
 Charles D. Crowther, Corp. 
 James H. Fidds, Corp. 
 Bert W. Parsons, Corp. 
 Olin H. Espy, Corp. 
 Charles W. MacCormack, Corp. 
 Daniel F. McCarthy, Corp. 
 William M. Dunn, Corp. 
 Dennis J. McConnville, Cook. 
 Robert S. Bouland, Musician 
 Sylvester G. Stark, Artificer. 
 Henry H. Tetzlaif, Wagoner. 
 
 PRIVATES 
 
 George F. Anderson. 
 Victor A. Anderson. 
 Arnold Ameson. 
 Charles M. Barlow. 
 John F. Beasom. 
 Harry L. Beckjord. 
 Harry R. Bogart. 
 Charles W, Boxer. 
 William Brack. 
 William C. Brennan. 
 William C. Bruce. 
 Charles A. Campbell. 
 Williams Cochran. 
 Thomas S. Colcord. 
 Clinton S. Colledge. 
 Michael D. Collins. 
 William G. Compton. 
 Robert Cotton. 
 John E. Darmody. 
 Andrew Dickey. 
 Mark A. Durham. 
 Walter S. Elvidge. 
 Walter G. Finck. 
 Frans W. Fosberg. 
 William Frick. 
 Robert B. HaU. 
 R. W. E. Hasenwinkle. 
 Frank J. Kelly. 
 
 William F. Kern. 
 Patrick Kneasey. 
 Joseph F. Kritta. 
 Charles H. Lafever. 
 C. Wyman Lawrence. 
 L. Lester Lee. 
 Miles J. Leppen. 
 Henry W. Lyon. 
 William H. Mahar. 
 James J. Mullarkey. 
 Martin Munson. 
 Harry H. Oakes. 
 Carl I. Overton. 
 Oscar J. Pederson. 
 Thomas M. Phelan. 
 Harry Pomeroy. 
 William J. Ritchie. 
 Herbert C. Shannon. 
 George A. Smith. 
 Ira B. Smith. 
 William R. Stephenson. 
 Herbert E. Sweeney. 
 Guy H. Thayer. 
 Henry M. Wethy. 
 George Whitty. 
 Edward F. Wolterstorff. 
 George S. Wooding. 
 Paul I. Zimmerman. 
 
 88 
 
Philippine Rost 
 
 DISCHARGED 
 
 Edmund R. Simons, 1st Sergt., by order, May 22, 1899 
 
 Charles B. Gordan, Corp., by order, July 9, 1899. 
 
 David H. Kimball, Corp., by order, April 5, 1899. 
 
 Paul J. Beiber, by order, August 19, 1899. 
 
 Thomas F. Galvin, by order, August 31, 1899. 
 
 George T. Harris, disability, July 8, 1898. 
 
 John H. Henry, disability, July 14, 1898. 
 
 Herbert Hughes, by order, January 12, 1899. 
 
 John J. Kelly, by order, July 9, 1899. 
 
 Richard I. McKinney, by order, October 18, 1898. 
 
 Russell L. Moore, by order, March 9, 1899. 
 
 Peter M. Newgard, by order, Jaunary 27, 1899. 
 
 Arthur C. O'Brien, by order, June 27, 1899. 
 
 Arthur W. Rank, by order, April 27, 1899. 
 
 Edw. W. Robinson, by order, January 21, 1899. 
 
 Claude H. Still, by order, August 28, 1899. 
 
 Jas. M. S Wilmot, disability, November 10, 1898. 
 
 John J. Young, by order, August 31, 1899. 
 
 TRANSFERRED 
 
 Joseph E. Groh, Musician, to N. C. Staff, Sept, 14, 1899. 
 Fred E. Andrews, to Hospital corps, June 18, 1898. 
 James R. Baptie, to Signal Corps, March 27, 1899. 
 William E. Gowling, to Signal Corps, March 10, 1899. 
 
 WOUNDED 
 
 Clarence G. Bunker, Capt., wounded in right hand and wrist at Manila, P. I., August 
 
 13, 1898. 
 Geo. K. Sheppard, 1st Sergt., wounded in right leg at Tondo District, P. I., February 
 
 23, 1899. 
 Chas. T. DeLamere, Corp., wounded in right knee at Bocaue, P. I., April 12, 1899. 
 Bert W. Parsons Corp.. wounded in right hand at Mariquina Road, P. I.. March 25, 
 
 1899. 
 Henry H. Tetzlaff, Wagoner, wounded in thumb at Manila, P. I., August 13, 1898. 
 Arnold Arenson, wounded in scalp at Mariquina Road, P. I., March 25, 1899. 
 Harry L. Beckjord, wounded in thumb at Bocaue, P. I., April 12, 1899. 
 Thos. F. Galvin, wounded in left shoulder at Manila, P. I., February 23, 1899. 
 Ira B. Smith, wounded in left breast at Manila, P. I., February 23. 1899. 
 Geo. S. Wooding, wounded in both thighs at Manila, P. I., February 23, 1899. 
 Jno. J. Young, wounded in face at Bocaue, P. I., April 11, 1899. 
 
 DEAD 
 
 Maurice P. Beaty, killed in action at Bocaue, P. I., April 11, 1899 
 Joseph O. Daley, smallpox at Manila, P. I., October 5, 1898. 
 Jno. W. Flynt, dysentery at sea. May 14, 1899. 
 Herbert L. Keeler, diphtheria at Manila, P. I., May 16, 1899. 
 Wm. O. Martinson, smallpox at Manila, P. I., October 9, 1898. 
 Harry G. Watson, typhoid fever at Cavite, P. I., August 29, 1898. 
 
 89 
 
History of Company **C" 
 
 EX-MEMBERS WHO HAVE RECEIVED COMMISSIONS IN OTHER COMPANIES 
 
 AND REGIMENTS 
 
 Bunker, C, S., Inspector-General, N. G. S. M. 
 
 Bend, W. B., Brigadier-General commanding First Brigade, N. G. S. M. 
 
 Wright, F. P., Colonel Third Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 
 Shandrew, J. C, First Lieutenant and Regimental Adjutant, Third Infantry; 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Third Infantry, N. G. S. M. ; Colonel Third Infantry. 
 Van Duzee, C. A., First Lieutenant and Adjutant Third Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 
 Major Third Infantry, Colonel Third Infantry; First Lieutenant and 
 
 Commissary, Third Infantry. 
 Chantler, A. E., Colonel and A. D. C, Governor's Staff; Inspector of Small 
 
 Arms Practice, N. G. S. M. 
 Shank, W. S., Captain Company G, First Infantry, Washington N. G. 
 Moore, J. P., Captain Company E, First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Blakely, Wm., Captain Company E, First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Merrill, S. O., Captain Company H, First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Winne, R, L., Captain and Regimental Adjutant Third Infantry, M. N. G. ; 
 
 First Lieutenant and Quartermaster, Third Infantry, M. N. G. ; First 
 
 Lieutenant Company H, First Infantry, N. G. S. M.; First Lieutenant 
 
 and Commissary Sub. Third Infantry. 
 Kelly, W. J., Second Lieutenant Company H, First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Knowles, J. P., First Lieutenant and Adjutant First Infantry;- Captain and 
 
 Assistant Adjutant-General First Brigade, N. G. S. M. 
 Kennedy, J. P., Second Lieutenant Company A, First Battery, N. G. S. M. 
 Horton, H. H., Judge Advocate First Infantry, N. G. S. M. ; First Lieuten- 
 ant and Judge Advocate Third Infantrj', M. N. G. 
 Hart, W. H., Captain and Quartermaster First Brigade, N. G. S. M. 
 Dodson, W. P., Second Lieutenant Company C, First Infantry, Montana 
 
 National Guard, 
 Livingston, Crawford, Colonel, Governor's Staff. 
 Howe, C. B., Captain, Governor's Staff. 
 Davenport, Jas., Jr., Major and Regimental Surgeon First Infantry, 
 
 N. G. S. M. 
 Whitcomb, E. H., Major and Assistant Surgeon-General on General Staff, 
 
 M. N. G. 
 
 90 
 
History of Company "C" 
 
 Bobleter, E J., Captain and Military Storekeeper; First Lieutenant and 
 Battalion Adjutant Second Infantry, M. N. G. 
 
 Rising, B. W., Captain and Assistant Inspector-General First Brigade, 
 M. N. G. 
 
 Smith, C. R., Captain and Quartermaster First Infantry, M. N. G. 
 
 Robertson, J. S., First Lieutenant and Commissary of Subsistance, First 
 Infantry, N. G. S.M. 
 
 Catlin, F. M., First Lieutenant and Judge Advocate, First Infantry, M. N. G. 
 
 Braden, H. C, Major Third Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 
 Coxe, A. B., Captain and Adjutant Third Infantry M. N. G.; First Lieuten- 
 ant and Judge Advocate Third Infantry, M. N. G. ; now First Lieuten- 
 ant, U. S. A. 
 
 O'Brien, R. D., First Lieutenant and Judge Advocate Third Infantry, 
 M. N. G. 
 
 Heflner, J. M., Captain Company F, Third Infantry, M. N. G. 
 
 DeLamere, W. E., First Lieutenant Company F, Third Infantry, M. N. G. 
 
 EX-MEMBERS WHO HAVE BEEN APPOINTED ON NON- 
 COMMISSIONED STAFF 
 
 Stephenson, B. W., Color-Sergeant First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Fairchild, C. C, Sergeant-Major Third Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 lUdcliffe, E. S., Sergeant; Major Third Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Robertson, J. S., Sergeant-Major First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Keogh, Frank, Commissary Sergeant First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Ludlow, C. N., Quartermaster-Sergeant First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Hawks, J. M., Right General Guide, First Infantry, N. G. S. M. 
 Phillips, John L., Battahon Sergeant-Major, First Infantry, 
 
 EX-MEMBERS WHO HAVE BEEN APPOINTED AS LIEUTENANTS 
 IN COMPANY "C" 
 
 Bend, W. B. Sibley, C. F. Craig, A. L. Shank, W. S. 
 
 Oxley, W. H. Becker, W. M. Blakely, Sheldon Van Duzee, C. A. 
 
 Wright, F. P. Dawson, Wm.,Jr. Chantler, A. E. Bailly, F. C. 
 
 Merrill, S. O. Neal, W. B. 
 
 91 
 
Complete Roster 
 
 Andrews, R. E. 
 Ahem, John 
 Arlington, Edward C. 
 Alexander, Frank A. 
 Amundson, William 
 Anderson, Edw. S. 
 Anderson, Geo. F. 
 Anderson, Victor A. 
 Andrews, Frank B. 
 Andrews, Fred E. 
 Andrews, Glen F. 
 Andreas, Richard E. 
 Appleton, Samuel A. 
 Armit, Edward 
 Arthur, Jas. W. 
 Austin, Jas. S. 
 Avery, A. W. 
 
 Barr, Harry N. 
 Babcock, Denver W. 
 Bailey, Harry 
 Bailly, Frank C. 
 Baker, John F. 
 Baldwin, Alonzo M., Jr. 
 Bannon, Michael E. 
 Baptie, James R. 
 Barlow, Chas. M. 
 Barron, Lewis E. 
 Barstow, G. Forrester 
 Barthel, H. R. Martin 
 Bateham, Anson P. 
 Bates, John G 
 Beasom, John F. 
 Beatty, M. P. 
 Beaudin, Emery A. 
 Beck, Edwin F. 
 Becker, William M. 
 Beckjord, Harry I. 
 Belden, Edwin D. 
 Bell, John R. 
 Bend, William Bend 
 Bennett, H. H. 
 Bennett, John C. 
 Bisonette, William I. 
 Bieber, Paul J. 
 Bigelow, Lewis S. 
 
 Bigford, Frank A. 
 Biggs, George T. 
 Barchall, Ernest 
 Blakeley, George S. 
 Blakeley, Sheldon 
 Blakely, William 
 Bobleter, Edward J. 
 Bogart, Harry R. 
 Bohrer, Edward 
 Bole, James P. 
 Borden, Patrick H. 
 Bouland, Robert S. 
 Boxell, Harry J. 
 Boxell, James H. 
 Boxer, Charles W. 
 Boyden, Charles A. 
 Boyer, Maxine, Jr. 
 Boyle, Stephen S. 
 Braden, Herbert C. 
 Breed, F. R. 
 Breen, Frederick L. 
 Brennan, William C. 
 Brewster, George O. 
 Britton, C. Coleman 
 Briggs, George T. 
 Brownell, Lyle R. 
 Bruce, William C. 
 BuUen, Henry W. 
 Bunker, Charles S. 
 Bunker, Clarence G. 
 Burke, Mahon B. 
 Burlingham, William B. 
 Bushnell, Fred A. 
 Bushnell, Robert R. 
 Butterfield, Lee H. 
 
 Carey, Martin L. 
 Callan, Frank L. 
 CampbeU, Charles C. 
 Campbell, Peter C. 
 Cary, William H. 
 Caaserly, Joseph P. 
 Cathcart, Henry A. 
 Cayou, Thomas B. 
 Chantler, Alfred E. 
 Chase, Albert 8. 
 Chase, Charles L. 
 Chatham, J. Fred 
 
 Chittenden, Edwin S. 
 Churchill, Walter L. 
 Clark, Frank R. 
 Clark, Orton H. 
 Cleveland, Harold S. 
 Cook, Harry E. 
 Coxe, Alex B. 
 Cobb, George C. 
 Cochran, Moncrief M. 
 Cochran, Thomas, Jr. 
 Cochran, William 
 Colcord, Thomas S. 
 Collins, M. D. 
 Compton, William G. 
 Conday, Stephen 
 Connolly, Maurice T. 
 Conrad, Edwin M. 
 Conway, William 
 Cotton, Claude G. 
 Cotton, Robert 
 Cottrell, Samuel P. 
 Covington, Julian C. 
 Craig, A. Lindsay 
 Crandall, Eugene B. 
 Crippen, Herbert S. 
 Crowthers, Charles D. 
 Cunningham, Shirley B. 
 Curtis, Thomas P. 
 Cusick, F. A. 
 Cuthbert, Fred C. 
 
 Daley, Joseph O. 
 Darmody, John E. 
 Darrach, John 
 Davenport, Alfred 
 Davenport, James, J"- 
 Davidson, Harley, P 
 Davies, Ernest W 
 Davis, Sussex D. 
 Dawson, Samuel E. 
 Dawson, Wm. 
 Delamere, Charles T. 
 Delamere, Walter 
 Devitt, James 
 Dickerman, Walter H. 
 Dickey, Andrew 
 Dodge, Chas. C. 
 Dom, Arthur A. 
 
 92 
 
m 
 
 Roster 
 
 Dodson, William P. 
 Donavan, Harry W. 
 Dorn, Arno A. 
 Dorsey, Robt. A. 
 Doherty, John A. 
 Drake, Harry B. 
 Dunn, Frank K. 
 Dunn, William M. 
 Durham, Mark A. 
 
 Eager, Robt. W. 
 Echart, Adelbeit W. 
 Edgerton, Arthur G. 
 Edwards, William H. 
 Elvidge, Walter S. 
 Espy, Olin H. 
 Exley, Robt. E. 
 Exley, Robt. J. 
 
 Farrell, Robt. 
 Faimer, E. M. 
 Fairchild, Chas. C. 
 Fairchild, Louis E. 
 Farnham, Clarke T. 
 Fauntleroy, Cornelius H. 
 Fiddes, James H. 
 Finch, Sherman 
 Fink, Walter G. 
 Fischer, Chas. D. 
 Fisher, Allen S. 
 Flynt, John W. 
 Fockler, Louis H. 
 Forbes, Thos. R. 
 Fosberg, Frans W. 
 Fosbrok, Hugh E. W. 
 Foster, Geo. H. 
 Foster, Harry G. 
 Fowler, Chas. E. 
 Frick, William 
 Frohne, Frederick W. 
 Frenette, Jos. 
 Frost, Wm. A. 
 
 Galvin, Thos. F. 
 Garges, Milton 
 George, Van V. 
 George, Gilbert D. 
 Giddings, J G. 
 
 Gilfillan, Percy K. 
 Gooderich, Chas. H. 
 Gordon, Charles B. 
 Gorham, Jas. H. 
 Gorman, Wm. H. 
 Gould, Albert W. 
 Gouser, David D. 
 Gowling, Wm. E. 
 Grant, Chas. B. 
 Greenhill, Frank J. 
 Greenlee, Harry L. 
 Griffin, Festly M. 
 Groh, Joseph E. 
 Gross, Chas. W. 
 Gundlach, Wm. H. 
 
 H 
 
 Hamilton, Geo. 
 Hayes, Geo. W. 
 Hagerty, F. J. 
 Haines, Albert G. 
 Hale, Walter S. 
 Hall, Newman T. 
 Hall, Robt. B. 
 Holman, John E. 
 Hamilton, Edward F. 
 Hamilton, Henry R. P. 
 Hanson, John A. 
 Harman, Chas. K. 
 Harris, Geo. T. 
 Harris, Wm. C. 
 Hart, Wm. H. 
 Hasenwinkle, R. W. E. 
 Hatch, Chas. S. 
 Hawks, Jos. M. 
 Heffner, J. McK. 
 Henry, John H. 
 Herman, Louis 
 Hewitt, Walter 
 Higgins, Clarence W. 
 Hildebrand, James C. 
 Hill, John S, 
 Hoffman, Harry S. 
 Horton, Hiler H. 
 Hokanson, O. N. 
 Hodges, Merritt A. 
 Hook, Clarence H. 
 Howatt, Harry B. 
 Howe, Allen 
 Howe, C. B. 
 Hughes, Herbert 
 Huntress, Wm. W. 
 Hurley, Frank V. 
 
 I 
 
 Ingalls, Walter M. 
 Irland, Robt. A. 
 Iverson, Saml. G. 
 
 Jasmin, Thomas 
 Jenkins, Francis A. 
 Jenzsch, Chas. 
 Jewell, Thos. P. 
 Johnson, Charles D. 
 Johnson, Chas. L. A. 
 Jones, Harry S. 
 Jones, Wm. M., Jr. 
 Jungbauer, Edw. 
 
 Kavanaugh, A. Frank 
 Keeler, Herbert L. 
 Kelly, Frank J. 
 Kelly, John J. 
 Kelly, Thos. C. 
 Kelly, Walter J. 
 Kendrick, Fred M. 
 Kennedy, Lawrence F. 
 Kennedy, Patrick J. 
 Kenworthy, Wm. E. 
 Keogh, Frank 
 Kern, Wm. F. 
 Kimberley, Leonard 
 Kidd, Robt. H. 
 Kimball, David H. 
 Kingsley, George 
 Kirke, Wm. T. 
 Klare, John P. 
 Klots, Ephraim D. 
 Kluckholm, F. H. 
 Kluge, Frederick R. 
 Kneasey, Patrick 
 Knowles, John P. 
 Koons, Walter W. 
 Kritta, Joseph F. 
 
 Lefever, Charles H. 
 Lally, Fred F. 
 Lamb, Horace A. 
 Larkin, James C. 
 Lathrop, Wm. P. 
 Lawrence, C. W. 
 
 93 
 
History 
 
 o 
 
 f C 
 
 o m p a n y 
 
 C" 
 
 Leonard, Wm. W. 
 Leonard, Frederick 
 Lee, Lester L. 
 Leppin, Miles J. 
 Lewis, Wm. W. 
 Listoe, A. C. 
 Ijvingston, Crawford 
 Loehr, Chas. D. 
 LoUker, Henry A. 
 Loring, Geo. W. 
 Lott, Kennedy F. 
 Lucier, Joseph O. 
 Ludlow, Chris. X. 
 Lufsky, Arthur J. W. 
 Lussier, Joseph 
 Lynch, John M. 
 Lynn, C. M. 
 Lyon, H. R. 
 Lyon, Harry W. 
 
 M 
 
 MacCormick, Chas. W. 
 MacKey, Wm. L. 
 MacLane, John 
 McCarthy, D. F. 
 McCaskey, James A. 
 McCaw, Daniel A. 
 McConville, Dennis J. 
 McCoole, Wm. H. 
 McCrea, Ezra E. 
 McCue, Joseph J. 
 McCue, Vincent 
 McDonnell, Daniel P. 
 McGowan, V.'m. P. 
 McGuckin, H. M. 
 McGuire, T. H. 
 McKay, Jos. 
 McKey, Cha.e. D. 
 McKinney, Richard I. 
 McKinney, Richard T. 
 McNally, Andrew 
 Maciimber, Chas. E. 
 Magin, Edward J. 
 Mahar, William H. 
 M;<rkley, .John J. 
 Martin, Wm. E. 
 Martin, Harry L. 
 Marvin, Chas. P. 
 Martinson, William O. 
 Mason, Wm. M. 
 Mathes, Theodore E. 
 Meacham, Chas. R. 
 Meiid, LaRue T. 
 
 Meeker, Horace S. 
 Merrill, Frank 
 Merrill, Geo. K. 
 Merrill, Spencer O. 
 Miles, Henry S. 
 Mitchell, Chas. R. 
 Moehrle, Ernest F. W. 
 Moore, Jas. T. 
 Moore, Russell 
 Moore, Stewart L. 
 Moreland, David 
 Morrison, J. G. 
 MuUaney, Bernard J. 
 MuUarkey, James J. 
 Mullen, Daniel, Jr. 
 MuUer, J. Henry 
 Mulligan, Lee B. 
 Munson, Martin 
 Musser, Harry B. 
 Myers, Jacob 
 Myers, Theo. B. 
 
 N 
 
 Nash, Chas. H. V. 
 Nagle, Wm. E. 
 Napier, Wm. A. W. 
 Neal, Walter K. 
 Neal, Wilbur B. 
 Nelson, Charles W. 
 Nelson, Robert J. 
 Nelson, Henry 
 Nelson, Walter C. W. 
 Nelson, Wolf red 
 Newgard, Peter M. 
 Newhart, Albert G. 
 Nienhauser, Albert F. 
 Noble, Albert E. 
 Nolting, Edward H. 
 Norwood, E. E. 
 Noyes, Albert I-. 
 Nuttall, Arthur C. 
 
 O'Brien, Arthur C. 
 O'Brien, Richard D. 
 O'Connell, John Thomas 
 O'Toole, Michael J. 
 Oakes, Harry H. 
 Olds, Fred A. 
 C)verton, Carl I. 
 Oxiey, WUliam H. 
 
 Parker, Geo. B. 
 Parmeter, John S. 
 Parsons, Bert W. 
 Patterson, Harold 8. 
 Paulson, Peter 
 Pe.-kins, Warren M. 
 Pearce, Wm. G. 
 Peterson, Oscar 
 Phelan, Thomas M. 
 Phillips, John L. 
 Picha, Joseph 
 Pilcher, Arthur H. 
 Pomeroy, Harry 
 Potts, Chas. J. 
 Procter, Wm. R. 
 
 Radcliff, Edwin 8. 
 Rank, Arthur W. 
 Raudenbush, Albert B. 
 Reed, John A. 
 Richardson, Chas. S. 
 Rising, Benj. W. 
 Ritchie, Wm. J. 
 Robarge, Eugene 
 Robertson, Geo. C. 
 Robertson, John S. 
 Robinson, Chas. W. 
 Robinson, Edward W. 
 Robinson, Fred C. 
 Robinson, Noyes C. 
 Rogers, .\rtliur H. 
 Roseboom, Frank H. 
 Russell, S. Barton 
 Russell, Albert F. 
 Rutherford. L. 
 Ryan, James 
 
 Sander, Otto 
 SchefFer, Otto 
 Schaefer, Sebastian 
 Schaler, Gustav C. 
 SchefFer, Herman 
 Schimmel, R. W. 
 Schmidt, Herman G. 
 Schneider, Chas. M. 
 Scott, Walter J. 
 Severance, Chas. E. 
 Shandrew, .John C. 
 
 94^ 
 
m 
 
 Roster 
 
 Shandrew, W. C. 
 Shank, Wm. S. 
 Shannon, Herbert C. 
 Shaw, Lafayette 
 Shelberg, Frank 
 Shepard, Samuel M. 
 Sheppard, Wm. J. 
 Sibley, Chas. F. 
 Symons, Edw. R. 
 Smethurst, J. M. 
 Smith, Chas. 
 Smith, Chester R. 
 Smith, David D. 
 Smiley, Wm. C. 
 Smith, Wm. K. K. 
 Smith, Geo. A. 
 Smith, Ira B. 
 Smith. Milton A. 
 Smith, Terrell E. 
 Somerville, James 
 Sothern, A^rthur 
 Souders, Ralph C. 
 Staehle, David 
 Stanley, Herbert|D. 
 Stark, Sylvester G. 
 Steams, Samuel C. 
 Steinback, Henry 
 Stephenson, Benj. W. 
 Stephenson, W. R. 
 Still, Claude H. 
 Stivers, E. R. 
 Stout, J. H. 
 Stout, Geo. P. 
 Strutzel, Jos. J. 
 Summers, Walter H. 
 Sutton, Lee 
 Swan, Wm. F. 
 Sweeney, Herbert E. 
 
 Thayer, Guy H. 
 Thompson, Ralph D. 
 Thompson, Wm. F. 
 Thurston, Cyrus A. 
 Timberlake, Channing S. 
 Travis, Henry C. 
 Trempe, Clarence 
 Trinkley, Edw. M. 
 Ttzlaff, Henry H. 
 
 Vance, James R. 
 Vandersluis, Gust Andries 
 Van Duzee, Chas. A. 
 Vant Hull, John C. 
 Vars, Marion D. 
 Vittum, Percy 
 
 w 
 
 Warren, Herbert 
 Warner, Haven H. 
 Wakefield, J. 
 Wakefield, Wm. H 
 Wallace, James G. 
 Walls, Hugh L. 
 Walsh, Jamea R. 
 Walsh, Silas B. 
 Wann, Thos. L. 
 Wardwell, Fred S. 
 Warren, Clinton C. 
 Warren, Speed 
 Watson, Francis H. 
 Watson, Harry G. 
 Watson, Wm. G. 
 Weber, John L. 
 Webber, Edwin J. 
 Weide, Matthew S. 
 Welch, Wm. H. 
 
 Wergedahl, Edward 0. 
 Withy, Henry M. 
 Wharton, R. L., Jr 
 Whelan, John P. 
 Whitcomb, Edward H. 
 White, Thos. C. 
 White, Arthur B. 
 Whitman, Frank E. 
 Whitney, Daniel P. 
 Whitty, George 
 Wilbanks, Wallace P. 
 Wilde, Albert H. 
 Wilde, Louis S. 
 Williams, Frank A 
 Willis, John W. 
 Wilson, Arthur 
 Wilmot, J. M. S. 
 Wilmot, Warren 8 
 Winne, Robt. L 
 Wirth, George 
 Wolterstorff, Edward F. 
 Wood, Albert B. 
 Wood, Chas. W. 
 Wood, Henry F. 
 Wood, J. Upshur Paul 
 Wood, Rand G. 
 Wood, Robt. J. 
 Wooding, Geo. R. 
 Wright, Frederick P. 
 
 Yeaton, Harrison T. 
 Young, John J. 
 
 Zimmerman, Albert 
 Zimmerman, Paul Irvin 
 Zschokke, Wm. F. S. 
 
 The editorial committee of this history is indebted to C. C. Ivea for cover 
 design, and to LeRoy Brooks, for detailed plans of the book. 
 
 95 
 
The Steel Sky 
 
 THE CROWNING GLORY OF THE BIG DRILL HALL 
 
 [PON entering the drill hall the visitor cannot fail to be 
 deeply impressed by the majestic size and airy vastness of 
 the place, for a goodly section of all outdoors is encom- 
 passed by its walls. And then, just as certainly, will the 
 eyes turn upward to gaze in admiration upon the broadly 
 arched ceiling of embossed steel, which forms a rich canopy 
 of color over all. Both design and color are perfectly adapted to the 
 noble proportions of the hall, and what might have been a great bam- 
 like emptiness, has been given vitality, character and beauty by the steel 
 ceiling. 
 
 In any large hall the acoustic properties, the lighting, and the artistic 
 effect, all hinge upon the proper treatment of the ceiling. When it is con- 
 sidered that the ceiling area of the drill hall is 17,000 square feet, some 
 idea may be gained of the difficult decorative problem which confronted 
 the architect and armory board. The results have amply proven the 
 wisdom of their judgment in selecting embossed steel as the most suitable 
 material for the purpose. 
 
 Credit too, must be given to the St. Paul Roofing, Cornice and Orna- 
 ment Company for their strikingly beautiful design and the perfection of 
 their workmanship. It is gratifying to local pride to know that a St. Paul 
 firm was accounted worthy of putting on the finishing touch which was to 
 make or ruin the magnificent hall, and that they justified the confidence 
 reposed in them. 
 
 The entire buUding is a monumental tribute to the skill of the builders 
 and the enterprise of the National Guard; the drill hall is easily the 
 dominant feature of the building, and the "steel sky" is unquestionably 
 the crowning glory of the hall. 
 
 J. H. N. 
 
 96 
 
COMPLIMENTS OF THE 
 
 TWIN CITY 
 
 R 
 
 A P 
 
 I D 
 
 r 
 
 RAN 
 
 S I T 
 
 COMPANY 
 
Edwards- Wood Co. 
 
 (INCORPORATED) 
 
 Stocks, Grain, Provisions 
 
 Minneapolis Duluth Winnipeg Omaha 
 
 MAIN OFFICE, FIFTH AND ROBERT STREETS 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 American Tent 
 and Awning Co. 
 
 W. K. JACOBS, Manager 
 
 Cotton Duck, Oiled Clothing, Horse Blank- 
 ets, Awnings, Tents, Flags, Umbrellas, 
 Window Shades, Sails, Paulins, Feed Bags, 
 Horse Covers, Stack Covers, Wagon Covers. 
 CAMPIXCJ OUTFITS FOR RENT 
 
 Phones: T. C. 1662, N. W, Main 1662-.I1 
 
 16 West Third St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 BAZILLE & 
 PARTRIDGE 
 
 INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR 
 
 Fine Paper Hangings 
 SIGNS OF EVERY 
 DESCRI PTION 
 
 Phone N W. Main 43 
 
 468 Jackson St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
BUTLER BROTHERS 
 
 General Contractors 
 
 H Buildings, Railroad Construction, Strip- 
 ping and Mining, Cut Stone and Granite 
 Work, Pile Driving and Bridge Work, 
 Interior and Exterior Marble and Stone 
 Work, Dock and Harbor Work, Mills and 
 Elevators. Tj Ovirners and Operators of 
 Granite and Limestone Quarries. 
 
 Main Office: 1004 New York Life Building ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 
 HOLT & DAHLBY 
 
 Plumbing and Gasfitting 
 
 Steam and Hot Water Heating 
 House Drainage 
 
 TELEPHONE 
 
 Twin City 1398, N. W. Main 1634-L 
 
 820 PAYNE AVE. ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 
ATTENTION 
 
 Is called to our smartly tailored clothes for young men. The 
 matchless hand tailored creations of ROGERS, PEET & 
 CO. and the STEIN-BLOCH CO., whose productions show 
 all the desirable features of the highest grade merchant 
 tailored clothing. 
 
 High Art Furnishings 
 
 The largest and most exclusive line in the West. 
 The Bowlby Hat. Johnson & Murphy Shoes. 
 
 The "Boston Clothing Co. 
 
 Sixth and Robert Streets 
 
 C. B. BOWLBY, Pres. St. Paul IKE LEBERER, Treas. 
 
 Hart & Murphy 
 
 CIGAR 
 
 Manufacturers 
 
 St. Paul 
 
COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 St. "Paul Fire & Marine 
 Insurance Co. 
 
 Rock Maple, Oak, Birch. Flooring P. 
 B. and E. W. 
 
 Sash, Doors, Mouldings, Interior Finish. 
 A complete retail lumber stock — Pine and 
 Hardwood. 
 
 Packing Boxes, Egg Cases, Box Shooks, 
 Dovetail Boxes. 
 
 Estlmatea cheerfully furnished. 
 
 Greiner & Corning 
 Manufacturers of Brick 
 
 COAOtfON.VENEEB.BBWEB and HOLLOW BRICK 
 We ftirnlsh all brick used. Hollo^ir Brlok Con- 
 Btructlon In Mew Armory Building, St. Paul. 
 
 Yards, Cbaaka, Minn. 
 
 Office, 800 Germanla Life Bldff.. St. Paul. 
 
LAUER BROTHERS 
 
 Contractors and 
 Builders 
 
 All kinds of Stone Cutting, Planing and Sawing done to order 
 PORTAGE ENTRY STONE, BEDFORD LIME STONE, 
 BAYFIELD BROWN STONE, KASOTA LIME STONE 
 
 OFFICE, SAW MILL, PLANERS AND YARD 
 
 Foot of Chestnut Street 
 St. Paul 
 
 MAGEE 
 
 RES TA U RANT 
 
 For Ladies and Gentlemen 
 
 Cor. Fourth and Robert Sts. St. Paul 
 
 DeCoster & 
 Clark Co. 
 
 375-379 Jackson St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
[ (omfort K 3 ^f^ty 3 
 
 on 
 
 the 
 
 NORTH-WESTERN 
 LIMITED 
 
 f «Hij, ' jCTm 
 
 Minneapolis St. Paul to Chicago 
 
 The entire line, Twin Cities to Chicago, protected hy 
 the block sifcnai system; the best device known for the 
 safe handling of trains. 
 A TR.AIN COMPLETE IN E\'ERV DETAIL 
 
 The Twilight Limited 
 
 Is the FINEST, FAST TRAIN between Twin 
 Cities, Superior and Duluth, and runs via the 
 NORTH-WESTERN LINE. 
 
 The Twin City-Omaha Limited 
 
 Is the BEST train between Minneapolis, St. 
 Paul and Omaha, and runs via the NORTH- 
 WESTERN LINE through Sioux Falls. 
 
 OFFICES: 
 MinueapoU3, 600 Nicollet Ave. St. PauL 396 Roln-rt St. (Ryan Hotel) 
 
LARGER BERTHS IN 
 SLEEPING CARS 
 
 Six feet, four inches, is the length 
 of berths in the sleeping cars owned 
 and operated by the 
 
 CHIjtragc. litlfoauto $c Bt Jaul %. 
 
 • The berths in the sleeping cars 
 of this railway are wider, higher and 
 longer than berths found elsewhere. 
 
 * Five daily trains, Minneapolis and 
 St. Paul to Chicago, including The 
 Pioneer Limited and The Fast 
 Mail. 
 
 W B. DIXON 
 
 N. W. P. A. 
 
 Ticket Office, 365 Robert Street Saint Paul, Minn. 
 
They answer every call, be it the breakfast bell, the 
 dinner bell, or the wedding bell. Every piece branded 
 on the rind, "Swift's Premium — U. S. Insp'd." 
 
 Swiff s Silver Leaf Lard— America's Standard. Tightly tinned 
 in 3, 5, and 10-pound pails. Sold by all dealers. 
 
 Kansas City Orr.aha St. Louis Swift CBb Company, ChicagO St. Joseph St. Paul Ft. Worth 
 
®I|p lltrkf na if rff r iKfg. Co. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Typewriting Machines 
 
 Company "C" First Regiment, M. N. G. 
 
 Station, St. Paul, May 25, 1905. 
 To whom it may concern: 
 
 Company "C" has used the Blickensderfer typewriter on all 
 of its company work and has found the same to be adequate in every 
 respect for militia. We are plfiased to recommend the machine for all 
 Companies of the Guard. It is a time saver as well as a help in having 
 for all company purposes clear and legible records. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 F. A. Tiffany, 1st Sergt. 
 H. D. Frankel, Co. Clerk. 
 
 F. E. BARROW, Manager 605-606 Sykes Block MINNEAPOLIS 
 
 Twin City Phone 1253 Northwestern Phone 3138-12 
 
 Executive Office and Factory, STAMFORD, CONN. 
 
Towle's Log Cabin Maple Syrup 
 
 
 ■ Was awarded the Gold Medal at the World's Fair, St. Louis, 1904, for 
 absolute purity and richness of flavor. ^ The approval of millions of people 
 confirmed by the World's Greatest Exposition. 
 
 St. Paul Building Co. 
 
 CHonlrartnra nnh Imlbgra 
 
 Estimates Furnished on all Kinds of Work in the Building Line 
 
 Elevators and Dumb Waiters 
 
 WORK DONE ON SHORT NOTICE 
 
 J. MANN, President 
 .S. \V.SWANLr:ND, Vice PreBi<]>-nt 
 P. M. CAMPBELL, Manager 
 .7. SINCLAIR, Sec. and Treas. 
 
 BOTH PHONES 
 
 OfHce and Shop: 208 West Fifth Street 
 St. Paul 
 
Otto Bremer 
 
 City Treasurer 
 
 Berggren 
 Electric Co. 
 
 ELECTRICIANS 
 
 ELECTRIC WIRING 
 
 ELECTRIC MOTORS 
 
 E. Theopphilus Berggren, 
 Manager 
 
 414 Jackson Street 
 
 B>tatg ^ahtttga lank 
 
 FOURTH AND MINNESOTA STS,, 
 
 ST. PAUL 
 
 INVITES you to call and inquire about THE 
 BURDICK CASH REGISTER BANK. It en- 
 courages the youngf to save. SAVINGS DE- 
 POSITS received In sums of $1.00 and upward. 
 INTEREST COMPOUNDED semi-annually, Jan- 
 uary and July. 
 
 PRESENT DEPOSITS OVER $2,250,000.00 
 Surplus and Undivided Profits over $50,000.00 
 
 TRUSTEES 
 C. P. Noyes, Pres. J. D. Ludden, Vice Prea. 
 
 W. B. Dean F. WIlllus Kenneth Clark 
 
 J. D. O'Brien Thos. Fltzpatrlclc G. WtUius 
 
 Wiliam Constans Harris Richardson 
 
 J. M. Hannaford C G. Lawrence^ Treas. 
 

 
 ^^tr ^vWi^ft^ \ 
 
 -{. M. Bracken 
 
 ^m 
 
 Secretary State Board 
 ■of Health 
 
 Hon. F. C. Stevens 
 
 
 J. W. OLSEN 
 
 £% 
 
 State Superintendent 
 of Instruction 
 
 ■yi 
 
 
 F. W. Eva 
 
 
 Chief Grain Inspector 
 
Anton Miesen 
 Sheriff 
 
 J. J. Strapp 
 
 Chief Engineer, St. Paul Fire 
 
 Department 
 
 P. M. Kerst 
 
 Public Examiner and Superintendent 
 
 of Banks of Minnesota 
 
 THE COMPANY IS 
 INDE BTED TO 
 
 , J. M. Keehn 
 
 and 
 A. G. Hoffman 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHERS, 
 FOR LOCAL PHO- 
 TOS USED IN THIS 
 SOUVENIR 
 
p. E. Hanson 
 Secretary of State 
 
 J. H. Armstrong 
 County Surveyor 
 
 Jesse Foot 
 Treasurer, Ramsey County 
 
 Edward G. Rogers 
 Clerk District Court 
 
^JMtf^^^JjC^^^i^ 
 
 Practical Business School 
 
 543 Globe Building 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 Thorough, progressive and reliable; indi- 
 vidual instruction; catalogue; enroll now 
 in our day or 
 
 ROBERT HARTMAN, President 
 ARTHUR T. STKAUSS, Vice PresideDt 
 CHAS. WEINHAGEN, Sec. and Treas. 
 
 Chas. Weinhagen 
 & Company 
 
 (INCORPORATED) 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 PAPER BOXES 
 FOLDING BOXES 
 DRUGGIST S' 
 BOXES and LABELS 
 
 ■Both Phoues 1055 
 
 480-484 Jackson St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 JOHN PETERSON 
 
 Collector of Customs 
 for the District of Minnesota 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 The SCANDINAVIAN 
 
 AMERICAN 
 
 BANK 
 
 Ed. Hinderer 
 
 Practical Tin, Copper and 
 Sheet Iron Worker 
 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 Hinderer's Patent Heating Drums 
 
 Will reduce your Fuel Bill ONE-THIRD. 
 The Simplest, Neatest and Best Heating 
 Drum on the market. Write for booklet. 
 
 195 West Sixth Street 
 Opposite Armory 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 E. K. SLATER 
 
 Dairy and Food Commissioner 
 
Compliments of 
 
 Thos. D. O'Brien 
 
 Hon. Robert A. Smith 
 Mayor 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 H. L. Collins Co. 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 Dr. Justus Ohage 
 
 Commissioner of Health 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 Fred B. Wood 
 
 Adjt. General 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 A. J. Smith 
 
 Superintendent of 
 City Schools 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 James C.Michael 
 
 Corporation Attorney 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 Hon. H. R. Brill 
 
 Judge 2d Judicial District 
 
 John W.Finehout 
 
 Judge Municipal Court 
 
 Member Co. "E" 1st Regiment M. N. G. 
 for ten rears. 
 
 Edmund W. Bazille 
 
 Judge of Probate 
 
The JONES & ADAMS 
 COMPANY 
 
 F. V. Garland 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 MINERS 
 
 TRUNKS 
 
 SHIPPERS 
 
 
 RETAILERS 
 
 Anthracite, Bituminous 
 
 COAL 
 
 Sample Work and Repairing a 
 Specialty. Dealer in Leather Goods 
 and Notions. 
 
 
 Both Phones 
 
 
 378 Robert Street 
 
 Between oth. aod 6th 
 
 414 Robert St. St. Paul 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 T. L. BLOOD & CO. 
 
 Wemott-Howard 
 
 Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 Company 
 
 Paints and 
 
 Importers and Jobbere 
 
 Painters' Materials 
 
 CROCKERY, Glassware, Lamp 
 
 
 Goods, Cutlery, Silverware. 
 
 T. L. BLOOD 
 
 JEWELRY, Leather Goods and 
 
 W. H. MINGA.YE 
 
 Novelties. 
 
 
 Send us your valued mail orders; prompt 
 attention given same. 
 
 413 and 415 Wacouta St. St. Paul 
 
 385-387-389 Jackson St. St. Paul 
 
 FRANKLIN 
 
 Steam Laundry 
 
 Telephones: Northwestern 774-2, Twin City 774 
 F J. FLANAGAN, Prop. 
 
 Thomas E. Sime 
 
 Attorney and Investment Banker 
 
 Improved Farms, Stock Ranches, Whole- 
 sale and Retail Prairie and Timber Lands. 
 Investments for clients in Minnesota Lands 
 and Mortgages a specialty. 
 
 Second floor, opposite Merchants Hotel 
 
 267-269 W. Seventh St. St. Paul 
 
 311 Jackson St. St. Paul 
 
Barrett & Barrett 
 
 O 
 
 . Schollert 
 
 PURE CIDERS AND 
 VINEGARS 
 
 
 PAINTER 
 and 
 
 Bar Glassware 
 
 
 DECORATOR 
 
 and Supplies 
 
 
 Fine Wall Paper 
 
 The Goods that always 
 
 
 
 give Satisfaction 
 
 
 Telephone 121).-^ 
 
 — 
 
 
 466 St. Peter Street 
 
 CORNEH NINTH 
 
 242-244 East Fourth St. St. Paul 
 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 N. LEHNEN, Ph. D. 
 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 ANALYTICAL AND 
 
 c. 
 
 D. & R. D. O'Brien 
 
 TECHNICAL CHEMIST 
 
 
 Attorneys at Law 
 
 Personal attention 
 given to all kinds of 
 
 
 
 AS SAYING 
 
 
 
 A X A L Y Z I X G 
 
 
 
 AND TESTIXG 
 
 
 
 Chemistry applied 
 
 to all Arts and 
 
 Manufacture 
 
 
 
 Office and Laboratory, 357 Robert St. 
 St, Paul 
 
 214 Globe Bldg. St. Paul 
 
 ^ The Oldest Sport- 
 
 — 
 
 aas Bros., Inc. 
 
 m^&'^^m'^ Established 1855 
 
 ^^^^P^^. SPORTING 
 ^^TGUNS AND BICYCLES 
 
 ^ 
 
 i'ork and Beef Packers 
 
 General Meat Dealers 
 
 U. S. Government Inspection 
 onallHogs, Cattle and Sheeu 
 
 ^W TlieWm. R.BurkhardCo. 
 
 
 PhoBe 600 
 
 319 Robert St., near cor. 4th St. St. Paul 
 
 457- 
 
 459 St. Peter St. St. Paul 
 
Jameson, 
 Hevener& Griggs 
 
 Successors to Jameson & Havener 
 MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS 
 
 Flour, Feed, Grain 
 Hay, Seeds, Etc. 
 
 AGENTS FOR 
 
 Pillsbury's Flour 
 
 STATE AGENTS FOR 
 
 Dillon Griswold Bale Ties 
 
 181-183-185 East Sixth St. St. Paul 
 
 Western Audit 
 Company 
 
 "W. B. BEND, Managrer 
 
 Public Auditors and 
 Accountants 
 
 544 Endicott Building St. Paul 
 
 Hugo Steinmueller & 
 Company 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE 
 
 CIGAR 
 
 49 East Third St. St. Paul 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 W. L. KEEFE 
 
 New York Life Building 
 
 STANDARD 
 LAUNDRY 
 
 JAMES NANKIVELL, Jr., Proprietor 
 
 Ladies' and Gent's 
 Fine Work 
 
 536-538 Wabasha St. St. Paul 
 
 George J. Grant 
 
 CONTRACIOR 
 
 61 East Ninth Street St. Paul 
 
STATE BANK 
 OF ST. PAUL 
 
 Capital S2.",(iii0 
 Surplus and Undivided Profits $10,000 
 
 M. P. PlYAN, PrpBident 
 
 i)FJ>. MICHEL. Vice President 
 
 .1. L. HAAS, f'ah-liier 
 
 li. C. n. (;EIIBI;H, A»st. Catihier 
 
 DIRE C TOES 
 
 M. P. Ryan R. B. Burns 
 
 Geo, Michel -Joseph Matz 
 
 H. «. Haas E. M. Pope 
 
 P. Sehollert .J.L.Haas 
 
 Commercial and Individual Accounts So- 
 licited. 3''r paid on Time Deposits. 
 
 Rice Street and University Avenue 
 
 V)l7'here West Seventh St. 
 crosses West Fifth St. 
 can be found everything in 
 the Building Line 
 
 L. LAMB 
 LUMBER CO. 
 
 HARDWARE 
 
 The best place to buy POCKET 
 KNIVES, TOOLS and PAINT is 
 at 65 East Sixth Street, Do "U C"? 
 
 J. F. McGuire & Co. 
 
 Smith & Taylor 
 
 REAL ESTATE 
 
 \'atant and Improved 
 in all parts of the city 
 
 Care and Management of Property 
 Loans and Insurance 
 
 ■a.!SiJ 
 
 48 East Fourth St. 
 i;koi:.vd floor 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 lOstabliished IH", 
 
 NICOLS, DEAN 
 & GREGG 
 
 Iron Merchants 
 
 Iron, Steel Wagon and Carriage Hardware. 
 Jobbers and manufacturers of Wagon and 
 Carriage Wood Stock, Lumbermen's Sup- 
 plies 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 State of Minnesota 
 
 Live Stock Sanitary Board 
 
 J. .J. Furlong, Prea. 
 .J. A. Timpane 
 Dr. M. H- Reynolds 
 Dr. C E. Cotton 
 W. W. I'. McConnell 
 
 Dr. S H. Ward 
 
 Sec. and Exec. Oftlee 
 Dr. M. s. Whitcomb 
 
 Field Veterinarian 
 R. .Jrirnison, .Attorney 
 
St. Paul Union 
 Stock Yards ' 
 
 The Great Livestock 
 Market of the Northwest 
 
 No limit to the demand for 
 Fat Cattle, Butcher Cattle, 
 Stockers, Feeders, Hogs and 
 Sheep. We are especially 
 in need of Fat Cattle and 
 Butcher Cattle. SUPPLY 
 NOT EQUAL TO THE 
 . DEMAND 
 
 Wear 
 the Gordon 
 HAT 
 
 The Perfection 
 of Hat Making 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 J. MASSON 
 
 PROP. RATHSKELLER 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 C. p. Wainman 
 
 Northwestern Telephone Co. 
 
L. B NEWMAN W. J . HOY 
 
 Newman & Hoy 
 
 Builders and 
 General Contractors 
 
 Phone, Main 1394-J2 
 
 311 Chamber of Commerce St. Paul 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 Fred von Baumbach 
 
 Collector Int. Revenue 
 
 Drake Marble & 
 Tile Co. 
 
 Mantels, Marble, Mosaics 
 
 MANUFACTUKERS. WHOLESALERS 
 CONTRACTORS 
 
 St. Pau], 66 East Third Street 
 Minneapolis. 510 2d Avenue South 
 Factory, Plato Avenue and C. G. W. By. 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 John Jackson 
 
 Chief Engineer Fire 
 Department 
 
 N. P. Fransen & Co. 
 
 Contractors and 
 Builders 
 
 Telephone 
 
 Office and Shop, 761 Wabasha St. 
 St. Paul 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 M. L. BEVANS 
 
 Market Master 
 
 Hermann Kretz 
 
 ArrhiJjrt 
 
 OFFICE 
 
 1016 and 1017 New York Life Ins. Bldg. 
 St. Paul 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 John A. McDermott 
 
 State Oil Inspector 
 
 A. J. Cummings 
 
 Long Distance Phone 1553 
 
 Dispatch Building 
 
 SC HOCH 
 
 Groceries 
 
 Broadway and Seventh Streets 
 
For Choice Meats 
 
 G. I.JOHNSON 
 
 go to 
 
 MFG. GO. 
 
 Kasiiiirsky Bros. 
 
 lYPE 
 
 BOTH PHONES r.ls 
 
 
 
 Printers' Machinery 
 
 -m 
 
 and Supplies 
 
 169-171 West Third St. 
 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 48-50 East Third St. St. Paul 
 
 LUTHER S. 
 
 D. H. Michaud 
 
 GUSHING 
 
 
 Care and Management 
 of Real Estate 
 
 Real Estate 
 
 Loans, Real Estate 
 
 and Loans 
 
 Securities. Member 
 
 
 of the Boston Real 
 
 
 Estate Exchange 
 
 
 
 105 East Fourth Street 
 
 224 Endicott Bldg. St. Paul 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 k;.') jmhI Ii'.T Mfri.HrSh, New York 
 
 T.I ItittiT strjiHSf. Leipzig, (iei'inany 
 
 a E(]iiiuiid IMll^.^ London, England 
 
 Established 1S.-.4 
 
 Joseph U Imann 
 
 Importer and Exporter nf 
 
 FURS 
 
 And Denl'-rin Hid^s, Pelts. Wool 
 (iinseiigaud Seneca Hoot 
 
 Butler Transfer Co. 
 
 Heavy Draying, Safes, 
 
 Boilers, Etc., a 
 
 Specialty 
 
 Piano and Furniture Moving 
 
 Phonea: N AV. Main r4UT, T. C. 1467 
 
 P .r.BOTT>KR 
 
 W. L. KIDDER 
 
 148-150 East Third St. St. Paul 
 
 385 Sibley Street St. Paul 
 
L. Eisenmenger Meat 
 Company 
 
 Establishefl 1> 
 
 General Meat Dealers 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Fish, 
 Poultr)'. Makers of Fine Sausage 
 
 Telephones 
 
 T. C. 14': ani] 27 
 
 X. \V. 14.", 
 
 455-457 Wabasha St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 Thos. Davis & Sons 
 
 PLUM BIX G 
 and LIGHTING 
 
 Steam 
 
 and Hot Water 
 
 Heating 
 
 Apparatus 
 
 187-189 East Sixth St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 Alonso Martinez Cigar 
 Company 
 
 Our BraiidH 
 
 "Robert A. Smith" "Our Mayor" 
 
 La Fior de Alonso Martinez, My Honor, 
 
 Spanish Bull. Makers of clear Havana 
 
 Cigars, Importers of Leaf Tobacco 
 
 Phone N. W. -'^14-1. 
 
 106 West Third St. 
 
 St. Pa 
 
 W. H. BROMLEY 
 
 SEVEN CORNERS 
 LIVERY 
 
 Sale and Boarding Stables 
 Open all Night 
 
 Phones: T. C. :i:i',l, 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 N. W. ZH'.l 
 
 Harmon (& Dow Co. 
 
 PRINTERS, LITHOGRAPH- 
 ERS, STATIONERS, Blank 
 Book Makers, Bank and Office 
 Supplies. 
 
 338-340 Minnesota St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 The Best is none too good 
 for the "Boys in Blue" 
 
 "Minnesota Club 
 
 THE PERFECT RYE" 
 
 A. Hirschman & Company 
 
 Cor. Third and Jackson Sts. St. Paul 
 
 Tine Bishop & Babcock 
 Company 
 
 (• I. E V E L A N I) 
 Sr. Pan], Xeu York, L'hicfi^o. Milwaukee 
 
 WILLIAM li STEWART 
 liesi'lenr Manager 
 
 56-GO East Fifth St. 
 
 St. Pa 
 
 J. T. Schusler 
 
 Merchant Tailor 
 
 Suit' to order >25 to .>45 
 Medium prices for tirst-class work 
 
 Phone X. W. Main 310-.I 3~7 Robert St. 
 
Dale & Bumgardner 
 CONTRACTORS 
 
 JOHN DALE 
 L. A. BUiMliARDNER 
 
 501 Bank of Minnesota Bldg. 
 St. Paul 
 
 John M. Carlson 
 
 Contractor and Builder 
 
 Phones: T. r. 11S7. N. W. ].ji;i-,r 
 
 '227-2a9 W. Fifth St. St. Paul 
 
 William C. Read 
 
 Real Estate 
 
 Loans 
 
 Fire Insurance 
 
 60S-607 New York Life Bldg. St. Paul 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 Chas. L. Sommers 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 J. M. HACKNEY 
 
 A. F. McBRlDE 
 
 Merchant 
 Tailor 
 
 112 East Fourth St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 J. M. Hawthorne 
 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 Phones: T. C. 017. N, \V. Main 2224:-.71 
 52 and 53 Court Block St. Paul 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 G. R. O'REILLY 
 
 Assistant Corporation 
 Attorney 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 William C. Smith 
 
 City and County 
 Assessor 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 L. W. Rundlett 
 
 City Engineer 
 
§tk |egd$&erier 
 
 Successors to Hudner & li^^^^^^\H\l^^me^ 
 
 PRACTICAL PLUMBING 
 AND GAS-FITTING 
 
 JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO 
 ESTIMATES i;lVi:X ON APPLICATION 
 
 Phones: T. C. 1IIJ+ N. \V. i;s.-,7-L 
 SHOW KOOM.S 
 
 180 W. Seventh St., Seven Corners 
 St. Paul 
 
 EstJlbliuhpi] 1S8:! 
 
 COMPLIMKN'I'S OF SWAN ,7. TPUNBLAD 
 
 PtO[iii'-for 
 
 Svenska 
 Amerikanska 
 
 Posten 
 
 THE LAIKHOS'I 
 SWEDISH NEU'SI'APEU IN 
 
 AMEI'.HA 
 
 Alinneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Schroeder & Dickinson 
 
 UPHOLSTERERS 
 
 Fine Furniture and Coverings 
 Mattress Makers, Renovators 
 Phones. N. W. >S7.", T. (' .^T.", 
 
 16 East Sixth St. 
 
 St. Pa 
 
 CASCADE 
 LAUNDRY 
 
 Phones: N. W. 1200-.I1 
 T r ]20i; 
 
 128 West Seventh St. St. Paul 
 
 Minnesota Steam 
 Laundry 
 
 Oldest and most 
 
 popular laundry in 
 
 the State 
 
 314 Minnesota St. 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 Alfred J. Krank 
 
 fSiii-eePHor to Schnt^U & Krank) 
 
 CUTLER AXD GRINDER 
 iJe.'jI'.'i- in all kinds of 
 
 Barbers' Furniture 
 and Supplies 
 
 FINE CUTLERY 
 opijijHiti- Ryan Hotel 
 
 142 East Sixth St. St. Paul 
 
Goodyear Mackintosh 
 
 New Process Rain Proof 
 
 and Cravenette Coats 
 
 FOR Ladies and Gentlemen. If your 
 dealer does not carry the "Goodyear" 
 apply to 
 
 Goodyear Rubber Co. 
 
 37i"373"37S"377 Sibley St. St. Paul 
 
 Gotzian Shoes 
 are the best 
 
 The quality of GOTZIAN shoes is the best. Only 
 the best materials are used In their manufacture, 
 which means shoes that will wear long'er and 
 give more satisfaction than any others. 
 
 The styles and shapes are the latest, being: 
 modeled after the latest fashions. There is a 
 style to please every taste. 
 
 For fit, Gotzian shoes are unexcelled. They 
 are made over perfect fitting- lasts, and insure 
 absolute comfort to the wearer. This feature 
 alone is sure to jtlease you, even though you are 
 a most exacting- shoe purchaser. 
 
 If your dealer does not handle them we -will 
 tell you of one that does. 
 
 Style Xo- 722 
 
 MADE BY 
 
 C. GOTZIAN & CO. 
 
 ST. PAUL 
 
KOEHLER & 
 HINRICH S 
 
 ARGEST Western Manufacturers of 
 
 a 
 
 high grade BILLIA'E^D and 
 POOL TABLES, improved 
 up-to-date BOWLING ALLEYS 
 
 STRICTLY 
 
 HOME 
 
 enterprise" 
 
 Our Incomparable Rubber Cushions, Electric and Professional, are sought 
 for to the exclusion of all other makes in use at the present time. 
 
 Important features that make our rubber cushions the best are: 
 
 Correctness of Angle 
 
 Superior polity of Composition 
 
 Durability and Speed 
 
 To revive the interest in the game of billiards, get one our high grade 
 tables equipped with our Incomparable Electric or Professional Cushions. 
 
 CALL OR ADDRESS 
 
 255 to 265 East Third Street 
 ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 
m^ 
 
 'III 
 
 ""iii,; 
 
 Our factories are the finest equipped in the West 
 SHAROOD SHOES satisfactory. 
 
 Sharood 
 Shoe Co. 
 
 High Class Footwear for the Family 
 
 For Men R-E.-Z Pneumatics, the 
 ideal Comfort Shoe. 
 
 The ARISTO stylish and com- 
 fortable. 
 
 For Women the ARISTO, 
 $3.50, outclassed by none for 
 fit, style, -wear. 
 
 The CLEAR QUILL, $3, 
 
 full value, at a medium price. 
 
 For Little Folks the BUSY BEE 
 shoes. 
 
 ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 
 
 No expense is spared to make 
 
 Samuel G. Iverson 
 
 State Auditor 
 
 Edward G. Krahmer 
 
 County Auditor 
 
CO:\IPLIAIENTS OF 
 
 Noyes Bros. 
 & Cutler 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 iruggtata 
 
 ST. PAUL 
 
 Merchants Hotel 
 
 Two blocks from Union Depot and but one block 
 from steamboat landinp:. Strepf cars pass in 
 front of the hotel for all points in the city. 
 KATES. American Plan. 
 
 $2 and $2 no per Jay. With Bath $3 per day. 
 European Plan 
 
 7octo 31.f50 per day. With Bath $2 per day. 
 Caf^ iii Conn., ction -^ 
 
 GEO, R. KTBBE. Mgr. ST. PAUL. MTXX. 
 
 C O M P L I M E X T S OF 
 
 ST. PAUL GAS 
 LIGHT CO. 
 
CbtCT' 
 
 ^^^^^^^mm 
 
 SHE BOOK herewith 
 presented was plan- 
 ned and printed in our 
 new catalog depart- 
 ment aniong other high grade 
 products requiring expert care. 
 Perhaps you have noticed that 
 real modern concerns have 
 modern advertising matter, that 
 is, in catalogs, booklets, etc. 
 We can show very alluring 
 samples of work done since the 
 new department was created, 
 and can convince you of it6 
 entire competency to do your 
 work without the persuasive 
 powers of a gatling gun. If 
 your xatalog is interided to 
 attract attention start right- — 
 get expert plans — don't build 
 a roofless house. 
 
 Brown, Treacy & Sperry Co, 
 
 SAINT P A U L, MI N N E S O T A 
 
^rs -'?^i' ',r 
 
 V V ? ' "^ '\ ^-'*-.,<^*>'- 
 
A. L. Ege Co, 
 
 BILLIARD 
 SUPPLIES 
 
 Phone Main 1099-Jl 
 
 220 East Seventh Street 
 
 Wallblom Furni- 
 ture & Carpet Co. 
 
 COMPLETE 
 
 HOUSE 
 
 FURNISHERS 
 
 407-417 Jackson Street 
 
 COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 Twin City Telephone Co. 
 
 BEST SERVICE 
 Local and Long Distance 
 
 Call Contract Department for Rates 
 
THE 
 
 National German American Bank 
 
 of St. Paul, Minnesota 
 
 Capital and Surplus $1,200,000 
 
 SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 
 
 STATEMENT OF CONDITION, SATURDAY A. M. JULY 1, 1905 
 
 RESOURCES 
 
 Loans and Discounts 
 
 Overdrafts 
 
 Bonds 
 
 Banking House 
 
 Cash on hand and in banks 
 
 -lAUILITlES 
 
 $4,631,451.46 
 
 .40 
 
 1,562,973.26 
 
 200,000.00 
 
 2,894,121.26 
 
 Capital Stock 
 Surplus 
 
 Undivided Profits 
 Circulation 
 Deposits 
 
 3,288,546.38 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 $1,000,000.00 
 
 200,000.00 
 
 93,544.16 
 
 49,495.00 
 
 7,945,507.22 
 
 $9,288,546.38 
 
 JAMES W. LUSK, President 
 
 FREDERICK WEYERHAEUSER, Vice President 
 
 DONALU S. CULVER, Cashier 
 
 H. VON OER WEYER, Apst Cashier 
 
 COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 Wholesale Liquor Dealers 
 
 Association 
 
 St. Paul 
 
E. T. YOUNG 
 
 J. H. BLOCK 
 
 Attorney General 
 
 State Treasurer 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 
 FOLEY BROS. 
 
 
 & KELLY 
 
 
 GROCERS 
 MANUFACTURERS 
 
 Hon. Grier M. Orr 
 
 Judge of District Court 
 
 AND 
 
 
 IMPORTERS 
 
 
 310-322 Broadway St. Paul 
 
 
HIS PAGE 
 
 appeals to 
 you all to patron- 
 ize Home Indus- 
 
 Itipq ^^ §^ §^ 
 
 LA IX^O S^is 6r2<b (?V% 
 
Robinson, Straus & Co, 
 
 IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 
 
 Ribbons, Silks, Laces 
 
 Millinery Goods 
 
 213-219 East Fourth Street 
 
 COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 Northwestern 
 Investment Co. 
 
 Thomas Cochran, President 
 William Cochran, Treasurer 
 
 416 Endicott Building 
 
 I Stand Behind My 
 Shoe Rep airing 
 
 Because I allow only the 
 best of stock to be used and 
 my method is the most re- 
 liable. Work done while 
 you wait. 
 
 C. H. Jar vis 
 
 83 East Fourth St. 
 
EMEMBER that the Union Mattress Co. 
 of St. Paul manufactures only the best of 
 Mattresses, Bed Springs, Pillows, Cushions, 
 etc., to be found in the Northwest. In 
 making your purchases of your dealer, see that you 
 obtain our make and you will not be disappointed. 
 
 Union Mattress Co. 
 
 499 to 511 Minnesota Street 
 
 St. Paul, Minnesota 
 
 E:tabhjheci l4^2 
 
 l-aihfy.rzf.ti \it/j 
 
 ^s. ^ 
 
 0SH 
 
 ?SSj ,. UAMUrACTUSEBS or 
 
 
 m^L 
 
 f 
 
 it.'- 
 
 VMal 
 
 St. Paul and Minneapolis 
 
 The Progressive Stamp House 
 of the Northwest 
 
GRIGGS, 
 COOPER 
 
 e? C O. 
 
 Johnson 
 Furniture 
 & Carpet 
 Company 
 
 A. G JOHNSON, Proprietor 
 
 419-421 Jackson Street 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 Chas. Kartak 
 
 Cigar Manufacturer 
 
 117 W. Third St. 
 
MOveiffinriiglisteDasM 
 
 ^Result of Cheap Mvertisin^ 
 -^ Matter. 
 
 't^4 
 
 The p'jrpose of bTjsmess' literature 
 is to SELL OOODS^. To procriJC<3uresults, 
 it must be attractTve 'in desigiTi^^d/rid 
 illustration, and vvritten with a.- force 
 that will interest and cq,nvmce the trade-^ 
 
 YOU can control the^destination,p£>,y6'ur 
 advertisinq". WE ran tell you ho-w. ^^ 
 
 Wf? De-sjyn, IJlu.s tra tf^, Kntjrave' ond IViu'te- 
 
 EFTKCTn^EZ .ADVERTISING . 
 
 BVRE^AV o^ EXGR^AVLXG 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS. 
 
 ST". PAUL. 
 
COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 I'he Crescent 
 Creamery Co. 
 
 OUR SPECIALTIES 
 
 Wm. C. Read 
 
 MANAGER 
 
 NEW YORK LIFE BUILDING 
 
 Fire Insurance 
 and Mortgage 
 Loans. Tl Care 
 and Manage- 
 ment of Estates 
 and Rentals a 
 Specialty 
 
 606-607 New York Life Building 
 
 Crescent 'Brand ^Butter 
 and Cheese 
 
 Pastuerized Milk and 
 Cream in Bottles 
 
 Crescent Creamery Ice 
 Cream. 
 
 If you are considering a purchase of a 
 
 PIANO 
 
 Is it not important to ascertain first if 
 the dealer from whom you buy is 
 
 TRUSTWORTHY 
 
 /npNHE use of such caution will surely bring you to this store before making a purchase. 
 1 Here is where you will find the most complete line of Reputable Pianos. They 
 -■- are the CHICKERING, FISCHER, FRANKLIN, WARDELL, SCHAEFER and 
 
 others, f Use our easy payment plan. K We take your old piano or organ. 
 
 Howard, Farwell & Co. 
 
 "Reliable Piano Dealers" 
 
 GRANT P. WAGNER, Treas. and Mgr. 20-24 W. Fifth Street 
 
/. r. McMillan & Co. 
 
 PACKERS OF 
 
 Beef and Pork 
 
 OFFICE AND PACKING HOUSE 
 
 Upper Levee under High Bridge 
 ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 
 Elite Laundry 
 Company 
 
 437-441 Rice Street 
 
 <^y)p?E do the finest 
 ' Y>/ work at moderate 
 ■"■^ -"^ ' I prices. Guards- 
 men are invited to give 
 us a trial. Wagon calls 
 anywhere. 
 
 G. M. CARTER, President 
 F. M. NYE, Vice President 
 A. B. CARTER. Secy.-Treas. 
 
 C O M I 
 
 > L I M E > 
 
 i T S 
 
 F 
 
 'De 
 
 Cam 
 
 'P 
 
 & 
 
 L e 
 
 igh 
 
 t 
 
 n 
 
 Who decorated and 
 furnished the room of 
 Company '<C" 
 
 OFFICE AND SHOWROOMS 
 
 Kent and Portland 
 ST. PAUL 
 
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