9erv II 130 L■f^T^^^'-■:'^^\^•i;'l^J^J«rtt^;y these letters. 5. Caesar will in- form Labienus by letters that he has se't out. 6. When grain supplies have been provided we shall break camp. B. At the beginning of summer Quintus Pedius, the lieutenant, led two new legions into hither Gaul, because the Senones had informed Caesar that the Belgae were collecting (Jnfinitive) troops and bringing together an army into one place. C. 1. Quo in loco Caesar duas legiones conscripsit .' 2. Quid negotii Senonibus dedit .' 3. Quando ad exer- citum venit .-• 4. Quorum ad fines pervenit .'' CHAPTER 3. Contracted Perfects: A. i8i a; B. ii6 i; H. 238; H.-B. 163. Ablative of Comparison: A. 406; B. 217; H. 471; H.-B. 416. A. 1. The Remi came sooner than any one expected (than the expectation of all). 2. The Belgae will send hostages sooner than is expected. 3. The Germans have conspired against the Roman people. 4. The Remi said they had not conspired against Caesar. 5. The Remi will send Iccius to say that the Belgae are conspiring. 6. The Germans who have come into Gaul will unite with the Belgae. B. The ambassadors of the Remi said : " We have not combined with the rest of the Belgae, nor conspired 64 IN LATIN UM. against the Roman people. We are ready to commit ourselves and all our possessions to your protection, to give hostages, and to do your commands. All the rest of the Belgae are in arms, and -we cannot restrain even the Suessiones, our kinsmen, from combining with them." C. 1. Quos RemI ad Caesarem miserunt > 2. Qui sese cum BelgTs coniunxerant ? 3. Quibus legibus Sues- siones utebantur .' CHAPTER 4. Sequence of Tenses: A. 482-485; B. 267, 268; H. 543-550; H.-B. 476. Perfect Participle with habere: A. 497 b; B. 337 6; H. 431 3; H.-B. 605 5. A. 1. Caesar asked what states were in arms. 2. The Remi said that the Bellovaci who had promised sixty thousand men demanded the control of the war. 3. Caesar has ascertained everything (has everything ascertained) regarding the number of the Belgae. 4. The Remi said they had ascertained everything re- garding the council of the Belgae. 5. Britain is more fertile than Gaul. 6. Diviciacus had been king among the Bellovaci. B. In valor, influence, and numbers the Bellovaci were the most powerful of the Belgae ; but, on account of the integrity dnd prudence of Galba, king of the Suessiones, the conduct of the war was, by the consent of all, conferred upon him. C. 1. Unde plerique Belgae orti sunt ? 2. Quos BOOK 11. CHAPTER S. 65 Belgae intra fines suos ingredi prohibuerant ? 3. Quan- tum imperium Diviciacus obtinuerat ? 4. Cur summa belli ad Galbam delata est ? CHAPTER 5. Genitive with interest: A. 355; B. 211; H. 449; H.-B. 345. Substantive Clauses of Result: A. 568: B. 297; H. 571; H.-B. 52 1 3. A. 1. It concerns the common safety that hostages be brought to Caesar by the Remi. 2. Caesar showed how greatly it concerned the Remi that scouts should be- sent. 3. The banks of the river made it possible that the camp should be safe (made that the camp might be safe). 4. This fact will make it possible for the Remi to bring supplies to Caesar. 5. The Belgae had collected their forces in one place (had their forces collected, etc.). 6. Quintus Titurius, the lieutenant, will fortify the camp with a ditch. B. Caesar has pitched his camp on the other side of (trans) the Aisne. This camp is fortified by the bank of the river, and makes all the country (regio) which is behind Caesar safe from the enemy. Over the river is a bridge, and the Remi can bring supplies without danger. C. 1. Quid Caesar senatum Remorum facere iussit ? 2. Quid Diviciacum facere Caesar voluit .'' 3. Quo Caesar exercitum suum ducere maturavit .'' 4. Quid Caesar Titurium facere iussit ? 66 IN LATINUM. CHAPTER 6. Passive Infinitive with coepi: A. 205 a; B. 133 i; H. 299 i; H.-B. 199 2. Ablative of Quality: A. 415; B. 224; H. 473 2; H.-B. 443. A. 1. Bibrax began to be attacked by the Belgae. 2. Javelins had begun to be thrown at the wall. 3. The ambassadors said that Iccius was [a man] of the highest rank. 4. They are of great popularity among their own people. 5. It concerns the Roman people that help be sent to Iccius. 6. This fact made it possible for the town to hold out (made that the town could, etc.). B. Iccius, who is in command of the town, cannot hold out any longer ; he will send a messenger to Caesar [to announce] that the Belgae are throwing stones and darts at the wall, and he wishes aid to be sent to him {I'ejlexive). C. 1. Ubi Bibrax erat .'' 2. Quid Belgae facere coe- perunt .'' 3. Quis oppido praefuerat .' 4. Quis ad Iccium subsidium misit .' CHAPTER 7. Position of Monosyllabic Prepositions: A. S99 d', B. 350 7 6; H. 671, 5. Gerundive Construction: A. 504; B. 339; H. 623; H.-B. 612 I. A. 1. For the same reason (de iv. abl.') Caesar will send the Balearic slingers and the Nhmidians. 2. The enemy had come thither with great hope of gettino- pos- session of the town. 3. Hope of burning the town had BOOK II. CHAPTER 8. 67 forsaken the enemy. 4. Assistance has begun to be sent the townsmen. 5. The enemy's camp was of great extent (latitudo). 6. The smoke and fires show that this camp extends more than eight miles. B. The coming of the Numidian and Cretan archers and the Balearic slingers brought (ferre) to the Remi, with the hope of defence, an eagerness for fighting. The enemy withdrew from the town, and having laid waste the fields, set fire to all the villages of the Remi which they could reach. C. 1. Quand5 Caesar ad Iccium subsidium misit } Quos mIsit .' 2. Quomodo Belgae affect! sunt .' 3. Nonne Belgae discesserunt .' 4. Ubi castra posuerunt .' CHAPTER 8. Perfect Participle Translated by Clause: A. 496, n. 2; B. 337; H. 639; H.-B. 604, I. Negative Clauses of Purpose: A. 531; B. 282; H. 568; H.-B. 502 2. A. 1. Caesar led out the legions from the camp and stationed them in battle line. 2. The enemy will also lead out and draw up their forces. 3. At first our men refrained from battle, that they might not be surrounded by the enemy. 4. Caesar constructed (constituere) redoubts that the enemy might not dare to lead out their forces. 5. The enemy had pitched camp in a convenient place. 6. This hill was suitable for forming the line of battle. B. There was a place before the camp naturally convenient and. suitable for drawing up a line of battle. 68 IN LATINUM. There Caesar commanded that six legions be marshalled in order of battle, and that the two legions which had been last levied be left in camp, in order that, if there should be need of anything, he could lead them out as a reenforcement. C. 1. Quare Caesar primo proelium non commisit ? 2. Ubi Caesar transversam fossarr- obduxit ? 3. Quae ad extremas fossas collocavit ? 4. Ubi sex legiSnes constituit ? 5. Quid hostes fecerant ? NINTH REVIEV7 LESSON, (Chapters i-S.) Ablative of Cause: A. 404; B. 219; H. 475; H.-B. 444. Ablative of Comparison: A. 406; B. 217; H. 471; H.-B. 416. Ablative of Means: A. 409; B. 218; H. 476; H.-B. 423. Contracted Perfects: A. 181 a; B. 116 i; H. 238; H.-B. 163. coepi with Passive Infinitive: A. 205 a; B. 133 i; H. 299 i; H.-B. 199 i!. Genitive with interest: A. 355; B. 211; H. 449; H.-B. 345. Gerundive Construction (Genitive): A. 504; B. 339; H. 623; H.-B. 612 I. Perfect Participle Translated by Clause: A 496, 11. 2; Rem.; B. 337; H. 639; H.-B. 604 I. Purpose Clause (Negative): A. 531; B. 282; H. 568; H.-B. 502 i!. Position of Prepositions: A. 599 d\ B. 350 7 b\ H. 671 5. Prepositions Governing Accusative or Ablative: A. 220 c; B. 143; H. 420 3; H.-B. 457. Relative Clause of Purpose: A. 531 2; B. 282, 2; H. 590; H.-B. 502 2. Sequence of Tenses: A. 482-485; B. 267, 268; H. 543-55°; H.-B. 476. Substantive Clause of Result: A. 568; B. 297; H. 571; H.-B. 521 3- BOOK II. CHAPTER 9. 69 1. The Belgians were not hemmed in by mountains. 2. The Gauls were easily aroused because of their fickle- ness of mind. 3. Caesar sent the twelfth legion to attack the town. 4. The legions which had been levied in Italy were sent into the country of the Belgians. 5. Hostages were sent by the Remi sooner than any one expected. 6. The Remi have not conspired against the Roman people. 7. Caesar knew what states were in arms. 8. It concerns the common safety that the management of the entire war be intrusted to Galba. 9. The bravery of the Remi will make it possible for the forces of the enemy to be kept apart. 10. A testudo began to be formed by the Roman soldiers. 11. For this reason hope of defense left the townsmen. 12. Iccius said .there was no hope of defending the town. 13. Labienus led out two cohorts and stationed them before the camp. 14. The Belgians burned the town that aid might not be sent to us. 15. Caesar pitched his camp on the other side of the Aisne that the enemy might not be able to cross. CHAPTER 9. Impersonal use of Intransitives : A. 208 d; B. 138, IV.; H. 518 i; H.-B. 2()oa i). Partitive Genitive: A. 346; B. 201; H. 440 5; H.-B. 346. A. 1. Meanwhile a struggle had been going on in that place. 2. A struggle is going on behind our camp. 3. Caesar had led back part of the cavalry to camp. 4, Part of the Remi will try to crbss the river. 70 IN LATIN JJM. 5. The enemy laid waste the fields of the Remi and cut off our men from supplies. 6. We shall break down the bridge that the enemy may not cross the river. B. The enemy found a ford (abl. abs.') and at- tempted to cross the river with this design [namely], to lay waste the territory of the Remi after they had captured the fort by storm. If they had done this, they would have cut off our men from supplies. C. 1. Ubi palus erat .' 2. Quid hostes exspecta- bant .' 3. Quid hostes ad flumen fecerunt .'' 4. Quis castello praeerat .' CHAPTER 10. Two Accusatives with Compounds of trans: A. 395; B. 179; H. 413; H.-B. 386. Passive use of Verbs which Govern the Dative: A. 372; B. 187, II. b; H. 426 3; H.-B. 364 2. A. 1. Titurius had led. the cavalry across the river. 2. Caesar will lead his men across the bridge. 3. Di- viciacus cannot be persuaded to return. 4. The Bello- vaci were not persuaded to delay longer. 5. Part of the enemy were killed in the river. 6. We shall not advance into an unfavorable place for the purpose of fighting. B. When the enemy learned that the Bellovaci were unwilling (nolle) to delay longer, and when they knew that they could not themselves take the town by storm or cross the river, they decided that the best thing was for them to* return home. They resolved to assemble BOOK II. CHAPTER 11, 71 from all quarters for the purpose of defending those into whose territory the Romans should march their army. C. 1. Quos Caesar pontem traducit ? Quo consilid? 2. Ubi nostrl hostes aggressi sunt ? 3. Quid fiebat ? 4. Quid hostes cdnstituerunt ? CHAPTER 11. Causal Clauses with cum: A. 549; B. 286 2; H. 598; H.-B. 523 Accusative of Place to Which (domum): A. 427, 2; B 182. i 6); H. 419; H.-B. 385, b. A. 1. Since the enemy were hastening to reach home, they set out with no fixed order. 2. Since the ranks of the enemy were thrown into confusion (per- turbare) our soldiers killed a great number of them. 3. Caesar learned through scouts that the enemy had not reached home. 4. The enemy sent their cavalry to sustain the attack. 5. The lieutenants had led the legion across the river. 6. The soldiers could not be persuaded to return to camp. B. Our men had been ordered to kill as many of the enemy as the length of the day allowed, and at sun- set to return to camp. They fell upon the rear of the enemy [while they were] fleeing and followed them for many miles. Since (quod) the van of the enemy ap- peared to be out of danger, it broke ranks and sought safety in flight. C. 1. Quando hostes castra moverunt .-• 2. Quid Caesar fecit ? Quare ? 3. Quid prima luce fecit ? 4. Quos equitatui praefecit ? 5. Quem subsequi iussit ? 72 IN LATIN UM. CHAPTER 12. Accusative of Gerund: A. 506; B. 338 3; H. 628; H.-B. 612 III. Subjunctive with priusquam: A. 551,6; B. 292; H. 605; H.-B. 507, 4- A. 1. Caesar attacked Noviodunum before the en- emy had fortified their camp. 2. Ambassadors were sent to Caesar before he captured the town. 3. Sheds which are useful for attacking will be prepared. 4. The Romans will construct (constituere) towers for attack- ing. 5. Since the Suessiones were nearest the Remi, Caesar led his army into their territories. 6. Ambas- sadors were sent to beg that the town might be spared. B. After the Suessiones had come into the town of Noviodunum, Caesar ordered his men to bring the vineae to the town, to throw up a mound, and to build towers. The enemy were greatly agitated since they had neither seen nor heard of such fortifications (munitio) before. And so they sent ambassadors concerning surrender, and, at the request of the Remi, Caesar spared them. C. 1. Quo Caesar postridie eius die! exercitum duxit.'' 2. Quid conatus est .'' 3. Quid factum est ? 4. Quid Suessiones petierunt } CHAPTER 13. Ablative with Verbs of Asking: A. 396 a; B. 178 i a), ad fin.; H. 411 4; H.-B. 393 6, c. Accusative of Extent of Space: A, 425; B. 181; H. 417; H.-B. 387- A. 1. Caesar's army was five miles from Bratus- pantium. 2. The river was about twenty miles from BOOK II. CHAPTER I4. 73 that town. 3. The Bellovaci asked the Romans for peace. 4. The women and children will ask Caesar for peace. 5. Caesar received the Suessiones in capitu- lation before he led his army against the Bellovaci. 6. Caesar had prepared everything which was necessary (for a use) for making an attack (oppugnare). B. When Caesar had led his army against the Bello-_ vaci, they conveyed themselves and all their possessions into a town. All the old rtien and the women, stretch- ing out their hands to Caesar according to their custom, made known that they sought peace from him. C. 1. In quod oppidum Bellovaci se suaque omnia contulerunt .'' 2. Quid maiores natu dixerunt ? 3. Quid pueri mulieresque fecerunt ? CHAPTER 14. Ablative with utor, fruor, etc.: A. 410; B. 218 i; H. 477; H.-B. 429. Conditional Sentences. Future More Vivid; A. 516 o; B. 302; H. 574 2; H.-B. 579 a. A. 1. Diviciacus will use his authority among the Aeduans. 2. Caesar showed (used) clemency toward the Bellovaci. 3. If the Aeduans make war (^fut. tense') on the Romans they will endure all [sorts of] disgrace. 4. If any wars ensue we shall flee to Britain. 5. Divi- ciacus asked Caesar not to reduce the Bellovaci to sla- very (that he should not, etc.). 6. Caesar said that his army was five miles from Bratuspantium. B. After Diviciacus had dismissed his forces, he 74 IN LATINUM. returned to Caesar. He says that the Bellovaci were urged by their chief men to make war upon the Ro- mans ; that the instigators of that plot have fled to Britain ; and that the Aedui ask, in behalf of the Bello- vaci, that Caesar will use his customary clemency towards them. C. 1. Quis pr5 his fecit verba.' 2. Qui Bellovacis persuaserant ut ab Aeduis deficerent t 3. Cur illl in Britanniam profugerant .' CHAPTER 15. Genitive of Quality: A. 345; B. 203; H. 440 3; H.-B. 355. Intensive Verbs: A. 263 2; B. 155 2; H. 364; H.-B. 212 i. A. 1. Caesar found that the Belgae were men of great courage. 2. The Nervii who are men of great courage will not send hostages. 3. They keep taunting the Ambiani, who have received Caesar in their towns. 4. The Nervii who kept taunting the rest of the Belgae asserted that they would not accept any terms of peace- 5. The Nervii do not use wine nor do they permit the merchants to import it. 6. If the Ambiani give hos- tages Caesar will spare them. B. When Caesar had come to the territory of the Ambiani and they had without delay surrendered them- selves and all their possessions, he inquired concerning the character and customs of the Nervii. He was in- formed (certior fieri) that they were a people of great bravery, and that they had declared that they would neither surrender themselves to Caesar, nor throw aside their national courage. BOOK II. CHAPTERS 16, 17. 75 C. 1. Cur Caesar Bellovacos in fidem recepit ? 2. Cur sexcentos obsides poposcit ? 3. Cum in Ambia- norum fines pervenisset, quid Ambianl fecerunt ? CHAPTEK 16. Construction after pliis, amplius, etc.: A. 407 c; B. 217 3; H. 471 4; H.-B. 416 d. Dative of the Possessor; A. 373; B. 190; H. 430; H.-B. 374. A. 1. The Nervii encamped not more than ten miles from the Romans. 2. The Sambre river was not more than twelve miles from our camp. 3. The Atrebates will have no access on account of our camp. 4. The Viromandui had the same fortune in war (^geni- tive). 5. The Nervii will find that the Romans are men of great courage. 6. The neighbors of the Adua- tuci kept taunting them. B. Caesar marched three days through the territory of the Atrebates and Viromandui, who had encamped on the other side of the river and were awaiting his ap- proach. Their women, who- were of no use in war, had all been brought together into the marshes wnere the army could not get access. C. 1. Ubi Nervii consederant .'' 2. Quorum copiae ab his exspectabantur .' 3. Quem in locum mulieres suas coniecerant 1 CHAPTER 17 Semi- deponents: A. 192; B. 114 i; H. 224; H.-B. 161. Purpose Clauses with quo; A. 531 «; B. 282 i a; H. 568 7; H.-B. 502 2 h. 76 IW LATTNUM. A. 1. The rest of the Gauls had not dared to at- tack the legions. 2. The cavalry does not dare enter these hedges. 3. Several of the captive Belgae were marching with Caesar's army that they might the more easily observe the order of march. 4. They reported this fact to the Nervii that they might the more easily attack our men. 5. The army of the Nervii was not more than five miles from our camp. 6. The Belgae have a great number of scouts. B. From early times the Nervii had been weak in cavalry, nor do they give attention to this even now ; and so, in order that they may the more easily hinder the cavalry of those who come to them for the sake of plunder, they have cut and bent young trees, and made these hedges present {subjunctive') a fortification like a wall. C. 1. Quare Caesar exploratores centurion esque praemisit .' 2. Qui ad Nervi5s pervenerunt .' 3. Num Nervii eorum consilium omiserunt } TENTH REVIE'W LESSON. (Chapters 9-17.) Ablative with Verbs of Asking: A. 396 a; B. 178 i a), ad fin.; H. 411 4; H.-B. 393 b c. Accusative of Extent of Space: A. 425; B. 181.; H. 417; H.-B. 387. Double Accusative with Compounds of trans: A. 395; B. 179; H. 413; H.-B. 386. Causal Clauses with cum: A. 549; B. 286 2; H.-B. 523. Conditional Sentences, Future More Vivid: A. 516 a; B. 302; H. 474 2; H.-B. 579 a. BOOK II. TENTH REVIEW LESSON. 77 Genitive of Quality: A. 345; B. 203; H. 440 3; H.-B 355. Gerund (Accusative): A. 506; B. 338 3; H. 628; H.-B. 612, III. Intensive Verbs: A. 263 2; B. 155 2; H. 3^4; H.-B. 212 t. Passive use of Verbs which Govern the Dative: A. 372; B. 187, II. 6; H. 426 3; H.-B. 364 ■^. Construction after plus, amplius, etc.; A. 407 c; B. 217 3; H. 471 4; H.-B. 416 d. Purpo.se Clauses with quo; A. 531 o; B. 282 i a; H. 568 7; H.-B. 502 2 b. Semi-deponents: A. 192; B. 114 i; H. 224; H.-B. 161. Subjunctive with priusquam: A. 551, b; vB. 292; H. 605; H.-B. 507, 4. 1. After fortifying the camp I shall lead the army across the river. 2. The legions could not be persuaded to defend the camp. 3. Since the enemy have laid waste the fields of the Remi, we cannot delay longer. 4. When Caesar had prepared everything which was necessary for making an attack, the enemy sought peace. 5. Since the Nervii have not sent hostages the Romans will attack their towns. 6. The enemy attacked the camp before our men recovered from their fright. 7. The Belgae said they had not asked the Romans for peace. 8. The tenth legion attacked the fleeing enemy, and pursued them for many miles. 9. If you dismiss your forces we shall not make war upon you. 10. Diviciacus who was a man of great courage was friendly to the Romans. 11. The Nervii kept taunt- ing their neighbors who had surrendered to Caesar, 12. This river is not more than ten miles from the town which you see. 13. We have not dared to inform you of the approach of the Gauls. 14. Help has been 78 IN LATINUM. sent to Iccius that he may be able to hold out the more easily. 15. The Gauls captured the town before the Romans could bring assistance to the townsmen. CHAPTER 18. Antecedent of Relative Pronoun Repeated: A. 307 a; B 251 3; H. 399 i; H.-B. 284 4. A. 1. The character of the hill which I have -men- tioned was as follows (hie). 2. Our men had chosen for the camp a place which was near the river. 3. Our men did not dare enter the forest. 4. The cavalry of the enemy had chosen this place that they might the more easily be seen by our men. 5. We could not easily see the enemy, who kept themselves in conceal- ment. B. The hill which rose from the river Sambre oppo- site the camp was wooded on the upper part. We saw that the enemy were keeping themselves in concealment in these forests, and that there were a few outposts of cavalry near the river which we have mentioned. C. 1. Quo in loco Caesaris castra pcnebantur ? 2. Quam multos passus collis adversus erat apertus .-' 3. Quot pedum altitude Sabis erat .-' CHAPTER 19. Ablative of Accompaniment without cum: A. 413 a: B. 222 i; H. 474; H.-B. 420. Adjectives with Adverbial Force: A. 290; B. 239; H. 497; H.-B. 245. BOOK II. CHAPTER 20. 79 A. 1. Caesar will follow with all the cavalry. 2. The enemy retreated into the forest with all their forces. 3. The cavalry who had first crossed the river made an attack on the enemy. 4. The legion which first began to fortify the camp was seen by the enemy. 5. The enemy were seen near the river which (river) our cavalry were crossing. 6. The enemy dared to make an attack upon our men who were engaged in the work. B. The Nervii, who had concealed themselves within the woods, made attacks from time to time upon our cavalry and slingers, and again retreated into the woods to their own men. Meanwhile six legions began to for- tify a camp on the opposite hill, and the Nervii, who were concealed in the forests, suddenly rushed out in full force and ran down to the river with incredible speed. C. 1. Quem Caesar praemisit ? 2. Quibuscum sub- sequebatur } 3. Qui agmen clauserunt 1 4. Qui facile pulsi sunt .'' 5. Quo hostes contenderunt .' CHAPTER 20. Dative of Agent: A. 374; B. 189; H. 431; H.-B. 373. Comparative with Standard of Comparison Omitted: A. 291, o; B. 240 i; H. 498; H.-B. 241 2 . A. 1. Caesar ought to recall the soldiers from the work. 2. The soldiers ought not to wait for the com- mand. 3. Caesar has forbidden the soldiers to go too far from the camp. 4. The soldiers who had gone for- ward a little too far were recalled to camp. 5. Caesar 80 IN LATIN UM. will go forward with all the legions. 6. The soldiers who had been summoned first did not wait for Caesar's orders. B. Caesar must do everything at once : the standard must be displayed, the soldiers must be recalled from the work, the line of battle must be formed, the soldiers encouraged, and the watchword given. Since the sol- diers have been trained in former battles, their skill and experience are of advantage in these difficulties, and they are able to suggest to themselves what ought to be done. C. 1. Quae Caesarl erant agenda .' 2. Quae magnam earum rerum partem impediebant .-' 3. Qui Caesaris imperia non exspectabant .■■ 4. Quid fecerunt 1 CHAPTER 21. Genitive of the Gerund (with causa): A. 504 b; B. 338 i c); H. 626; H.-B. 612 I. Dative with Compounds: A. 370; B. 187, III.; H. 429; H.-B. 376. A. 1. Caesar set out to the tenth legion for the pur- pose of addressing [the soldiers]. 2. The soldiers took their stand for the purpose of fighting. 3. The enemy encountered (occurrere) the tenth legion which was ready to fight. 4. Caesar saw that the soldiers had encountered the enemy. 5. The soldiers ought to remove the coverings from their shields. 6. Caesar addressed the soldiers in a rather long speech. B. After Caesar had exhorted the soldiers not to be confused in mind, he gave the signal for beginning BOOK n. CHAPTER S2. 81 battle, and came to the tenth legion. He found them fighting, and so hurried off to another part for the sake of encouraging the troops. C. 1. Cur Caesar, quam in partem fors obtulit, de- cucurrit 1 2. Cuius rei ut memoriam retinerent mllites cohortatus est .? 3. Quo in loco quisque miles, cum ab opere devenisset, constitit .? Quare .' Chapter 22. Elliptical use of alius: A. 315 c; B. 253 2; H. 516 i; H.-B. 279 3- Singular Verb with Two Subjects: A. 317 b; B. 255 3; H. 392; H.-B. 331 3. A. 1. The custom and plan of military science de- manded that reserves be stationed. 2. The slope of the hill and the nature of the place will hinder the enemy. 3. Some legions will be drawn up in one quar- ter, some in another. 4. One soldier was resisting the enemy in one quarter, another in another. 5. The army was drawn up for the purpose of resisting the enemy (causa, w. gen. of gerund'). B. In so unfavorable a condition of affairs, the events of fortune were various. Though the legions were scattered they were able to resist the enemy, some in one quarter, others in another. Very dense hedges obstructed the view, so that Caesar could neither post regular reserves nor issue all the commands. C. 1. Quemadmodum exercitus Instructus est .■' 2. Quae res prospectum impedivit ? 3. Cur fortunae eventus erant varii.'' 82 IN LATINUM. CHAPTER 23. Possessive Genitive: A. 343; B. 198; H. 440 i; H.-B. 339. Enclitic use of cum: A. 150 d; B. 142 4; H. 175 7, 182 2; H.-B. 418 a. A. 1. The Nervii are fighting on the very banks of the river. 2. Part of our men had begun to surround the camp of the enemy. 3. This legion will rout the Viromandui with whom they have engaged in conflict (congredi). 4. Boduognatus, who held the chief com- mand, had led with him all the Nervii. 5. The enemy were renewing the battle some in one part, some in another. 6. A great number of the Atrebates were slain [while] attempting to cross the river. B. The Atrebates, out of breath with running and fatigue, were quickly driven into the river, and a great part of them were killed. In another part [of the field] the Viromandui [although they had been] routed by the eleventh and eighth legions, were fighting on the banks of the river. But the Nervii surrounded the twelfth and seventh legions because the flank was unprotected and sought the camp. C. 1. Quae legiones in sinistra parte acie constite- runt } 2. Qui his obvenerunt .■■ 3. Ubi Viromandui proeliabantur .'' 4. Quo Nervii contendebant .' CHAPTEK 24. Subjective Genitive: A. 343 n. 1, (2); B. 199; H. 440 i, n. i; H.-B. 344. A. 1. At the first attack of our men the cavalry of the enemy was repulsed. 2. The camp servants from BOOK II. CHAPTER 25. 83 the summit of the hill had seen the attack of the enemy. 3. If the cavalry is repulsed (^fut tense) the Treveri will set out for home. 4. The soldiers reported to Caesar that the Gauls had set out for home. 5. The camp of the enemy will be surrounded by the Romans. 6. The legions with which Caesar is coming will not flee. B. When our cavalry and light armed infantry, who were returning to the camp, saw the camp followers precipitately take to flight, they themselves escaped in another direction. The cavalry of the Treveri, thor- oughly frightened by these things, hastened home and related to their state that the slingers and cavalry were routed, that the legions were surrounded and overcome, and that the Nervii had possession of the Roman camp. C. 1. Qui hostium impetu pulsi sunt } 2. Cum se in castra reciperent, quibus occurrebant } 3. Qui alii aliam in partem ferebantur.? CHAJ'TER 25. Relative Clause of Characteristic: A. 535; B. 283; H. 591; H.-B. 521 1. Dative of Separation: A. 381; B. 188 2 d); H. 427; H.-B. 371- A. 1. There was no (nuUus) soldier who had not been wounded. 2. There is no reserve which can be sent forward (submittere). 3. Caesar, who had come thither, snatched a sword from a soldier. 4. Caesar will snatch the standard from the standard-bearer and advance. 5. By the coming of Caesar hope was in 84 IN LATIN UM. spired in the soldiers. 6. The wounded soldiers will set out for home. B. Caesar perceived that his men were hard pressed and affairs were in a critical condition, that Publius Sex- tius Baculus, the chief centurion, was exhausted by many wounds, that the standard of the fourth cohort had been lost and the standard-bearer slain, that the soldiers of the twelfth legion were crowded together, and that some were withdrawing from the battle. He saw that the enemy were pressing upon each flank, and that there was no reserve which he could bring up. And so, snatching a shield from a soldier, he advanced to the front of the line and encouraged the legions. {Translate as one sentence. ~) C. 1. Quo Caesar profectus est .'' 2. Quos milites conf ertos vidit .'' 3. Quid Caesar mlliti detraxit } 4. Quo processit 1 CHAPTER 26. Use of Conjunctions after Verbs of Fearing: A. 564; B. 296 2; H. 567 i; H.-B. 502 4, a. Dative of Purpose: A. 382; B. 191; H. 425 3; H.-B. 360. A. 1. Caesar feared that the enemy would get pos- session of the camp. 2. We fear that Labienus will not see in how great danger the commander is involved. 3. The tenth legion will be sent to the assistance of our men (for assistance, etc.). 4. This legion had served as a guard to the camp. 5. There is no (nuUus) legion which can fight more bravely. 6. The com- mander snatched a shield from a soldier and directed the legion to advance. BOOK II. ELEVENTH BEVIEW LESSON. 85 B. When the tribunes had united the legions, the soldiers did not fear that the enemy would surround them, and stood their ground more boldly. In the meantime the two legions which had been a guard to the baggage, having set out on a run, were seen on the top of the hill, and the tenth legion, which had been sent by Titus Labienus as a relief to Caesar, made all possible haste. C. 1. Quid Caesar tribunos militum ut facerent monuit 1 2. Ubi ;nllites legionum duarum conspicie- bantur.? 3. Quam legionem Titus Labienus subsidio misit ? ELEVENTH REVIE"W" LESSON. (ChAI'TERS 18-26.) Ablative of Accompaniment without cum: A. 413 a; B. 222 i; H. 474; H.-B. 420. Adjectives with Adverbial Force: A, 290; B. 259; H. 497; H.-B. 24S- Comparative with Standaid of Comparison Omitted: A. 291, a; B. 240 1; H. 498; H.-B. 241 2. Dative of Agent: A. 374; B. 189; H. 431; H.-B. 373. Dative of Purpose: A. 382; B. 191; H. 425 3; H.-B. 360. Dative of Separation: A. 381; B. 188 2 d); H. 427; H.-B. 371- Elliptical Use of alius: A. 315 c; B. 253 2; H. 516 i; H.-B. 279 3- Enclitic Use of cum: A. 150 d; B. 142 4; H. 175 7, 182 2; H.-B. 418 a. Genitive of Gerund with causa: A. 504 b; B. 338 i c); H. 626; H.-B. 612 I. Use of Conjunctions after Verbs of Fearing: A. 564; B. 296 2; H. 567 i; H..-B. 502 4, o. 86 IN LATIN UM. Relative Clause of Characteristic: A. 535; B. 283; H. 591; H.-B. 521 I. Singular Verb with Two Subjects: A. 317 6; B. 255 3; H.-B. 331 3- 1. The enemy with all their forces were crossing the river which we have mentioned. 2. The Nervii at- tacked the legion which had first crossed the river. 3. Caesar ought to recall the soldiers to the camp. 4. Part of the enemy who were resisting rather bravely were put to flight by the cavalry. 5. The legion which had served as a guard to the camp did not fear the ap- proach of the enemy. 6. The enemy had crossed the river for the purpose of fighting, and they did not flee. 7. When the camp followers saw that the enemy had crossed the river, some fled in one direction, others in another. 8. The slope of the hill and the nature of the place hindered the enemy who had concealed themselves in the wood. 9. The Viromandui with whom the eighth legion had engaged in conflict were put to flight. 10. There is no legion which is unwilling to follow Caesar. 11. The centurion snatched a shield from a soldier and advanced into the front rank. 12. The lieutenant is afraid the commander will be captured. 13. We had been sent to the assistance of the cavalry who were hard pressed by the Gauls. 14. We are afraid that you will not send assistance to the army. 15. The soldiers ought to fortify the camp that the enemy may not capture it. BOOK II. CHAPTEMS S7, 28. 87 CHAPTEK 27. Adjectives used as Nouns: A. 288; B. 236; H. 494, 495; H.-B. 249. Clauses of Result with ut: A. 537; B. 284; H. 570; H.-B. S2I, 2. A. 1. So great a change of conditions resulted that the unarmed camp-followers fell upon the armed [men]. 2. The foremost stood upon the fallen and hurled weapons at our men. 3. They were [men] of so great courage that they dared advance into an unfavorable place. 4. The soldiers leaning on their shields renewed the battle. 5. The horsemen will wipe out the dis- grace of flight by courage. 6. Greatness of soul ren- ders difficulties easy. B. By the arrival of the tenth legion such a change in affairs toolc place that the camp-followers, the horse- men, and the legionary soldiers displayed great courage. Even those who, weakened by their wounds, had fallen, leaned upon their shields and renewed the battle. But the enemy stood upon the prostrate bodies of their [friends] who had fallen, and threw their weapons at our men as from a mound. C. 1. Qu5rum adventu commiitatio facta est .' 2. Cur calones hostes occurrerunt .? 3. Cum primi hostium cecidissent, quid proximi fecerunt } CHAPTER 28. Reflexive Pronouns: A. 299; B. 244, I., 11.; H. 503, 504; H.-B. 262. Construction with iubeo: A. 563 a; B. 331,11.; H. 614; H.-B. 587- 88 IW LATINUM. A. 1. The elders of the Nervii said they were not able to bear arms. 2. Caesar says he will spare the suppliants. 3. The Nervii ordered the women and children to be collected in the marshes. 4. We shall order the ambassadors to be sent. 5. There will be no safety for the vanquished. 6. Caesar showed (utor) so great compassion that he spared the senators. B. When this battle is announced to the old men, who, together with the children and women, are in the marshes, they will think that there is no obstacle to the Roman people. And so they will send ambassadors to Caesar that they may be spared. C. 1. Qui in hoc proeli5 superati sunt 1 2. Quid maiores natu fecerunt .'' 3. Ubi fuerant .■■ 4. Quid Caesar finitimis eorum imperavit .■■ CHAPTER 29 Ablative of Source; A. 403; B. 215; H. 467; H.-B. 413. Construction of iriille: A. 134 d; B. 80 5; H. 168; H.-B. 131 .^• A. 1. The Aduatuci said that they were descended from the Cimbri. 2. The Nervii sprang from the Ger- mans. 3. The Cimbri and Teutons had left six thou- sand men on this side of the Rhine. 4. They had collected a thousand men in this town. 5. Caesar will order the soldiers to fortify the town. 6. This place had been chosen for a home. B. The town of the Aduatuci had very high rocks and precipices round about it on all sides. The people brought all their possessions into this town. There was however a way of approach on one side ; but a BOOK 11. CHAPTER 30. 89 very high double wall fortified it, and upon the wall, sharpened stakes and rocks of great weight had been placed. C. 1. Hac pugna nuntiata, quid Aduatuci fecerunt ? 2. Quae oppidum ex omnibus partibus habebat ? 3. Quo- modo aditus munitus erat ? 4. Ex quibus Aduatuci erant prognati? CHAPTEK 30. Causal Clauses with quod: A. 540; B. 286, i; H. 588; H.-B. '53s 2 a, 555. Diminutives, A. 243; B. 148 i; H. 340; H.-B. 207. A. 1. The enemy jeered because men of so small stature were contending with them. 2. At first they made slight sorties from the town. 3. The enemy taunted [us] with cries because we were setting up towers. 4. These men have not sprung from the Gauls. 5. Our army was contending with fifteen thou- sand men. 6. By what strength will a tower of so great weight be moved 1 B. On the arrival of Caesar frequent sorties were made from the town by the Aduatuci ; but later, when they had been surrounded by a rampart, they kept themselves in the town. When the Romans began to build a tower at a distance the Aduatuci taunted them from the wall, because men of so small stature hoped they could move a tower of so great weight. C. 1. Primo adventu exercitus nostri quid factum est } 2. Quando Aduatuci oppido sese continere coepe- runt 1 3. Ubi turrim' constitui viderunt, quid fecerunt > 90 IN LATINUM. CHAPTER 31. Postpositives (vero): A. 324 j; B. 343 g; H. 677; H.-B. 310 5. Prohibitions: A, 450; B. 276 c\ H. 561; H.-B. 501 3, a. A. 1. But when the towers were moved, they thought the Romans did not carry on war without divine aid. 2. But they begged for one [favor] ; that he would defend them from their neighbors. 3. Do not send ambassadors to the Romans. 4. Do not per- mit him to be killed. 5. They gave themselves up to the power of the Romans because they could not defend themselves. 6. They did not think machines of so great height could be moved by men of so slight stature. B. Ambassadors were sent to Caesar by the Adua- tuci, who said : " We think the Romans could (potuisse) not have moved forward so great engines without divine aid, and we intrust ourselves and all our possessions to your disposal. We earnestly ask one thing: if you spare us, do not despoil us of our arms, because all our neighbors are hostile." C. 1. De qua re Aduatuci ad Caesarem legates mise- runt .'' 2. Quare Romanes ope divina helium gerere ex- istimarunt } 3. Qui erant ils inimici .■■ 4. Quare arma tradere noluerunt .' CHAPTER 32. Simple Conditional Sentences in Indirect Discourse: A. 589 a 1; B. 319; H. 646; H.-B. 536. Chiasmus' A 598 f, note; B. 350 11 c); H. 666 2; H.-B. 628. A. 1. Caesar replied that he would spare them if they would surrender (fut. perf. in direct disc.) their BOOK II. CHAPTER S3. 91 arms. 2. They said that they would open the gates if he would do what he had done in the case of the Nervii. 3. The heaps of arms will equal the top of the wall and the height of the rampart. 4. But they concealed part of their weapons in the .town. 5. Do not surrender your arms to those who will inflict injury upon you. B. Caesar replied : " I will spare you if you surren- der before the battering ram has touched the wall ; but there will be no condition of surrender, except upon the delivery of the arms." They threw a great quantity of arms into the trench, but, as Caesar afterwards discov- ered, they concealed and retained in the town about a third part. C. 1. Quid Caesar pollicitus est se facturum } 2. Quid Aduatuci dixerunt .' 3. Quantum temporis pace usi sunt .'' CHAPTER 33. Ablative of Material: A. 403 2; H. 467; H.-B. 406 4. Present Infinitive with debuT, etc.; A. 486 a; B. 270 2; H. 618 2 A. 1. The Gauls had made shields of bark. 2. Shields of bark were concealed in the town. 8. The enemy ought not to have made a sortie from the town. 4. Caesar ought to have broken down the gates. 5. Caesar said that if a sortie should be made from the town he would drive the enemy back. 6. When the gates had been broken down and the enemy driven back (abl. abs^ no one any longer (iam) defended the town. B. The townspeople believed that Caesar would 92 IN LATINUM. withdraw his guards, because a surrender had been made. Therefore, during the third watch they made a sortie from the town where they thought the way up to our fortifications was least difficult. The signal was imme- diately given by fires, and our, soldiers ran thither. The enemy fought (impersonal constr.') very fiercely since all hope of safety depended upon valor alone; neverthe- less (tamen) about five thousand of them were slain. C. 1. Quid sub vesperum Caesar iussit? 2. Quare id fecit ? 3. Qua in parte Aduatuci excursionem fecerunt ? 4. Quot hostes interfecti sunt .'' CHAPTER 33. Subjunctive by Attraction: A. 593; B. 324; H. 652; H.-B. 539- Order of Words with Noun Modified by Adjective and Genitive: A. 598 g; B. 350 4 d\ H. 671 4; H.-B. 624 4. A. 1. So great a report of this war spread to the barbarians that those who had not sent ambassadors promised to obey (facere) his commands. 2. Caesar led the legions into winter quarters in order that he might set out into those states which were nearest. 3. All the nations of Gaul will send ambassadors. 4. Caesar ought to have set out to Italy. 5. A thanks- giving will be decreed on account of this war. B. Since so great a report of this war had spread to the barbarians, ambassadors came to Caesar from the nations which dwelt across the Rhine. Because Caesar was leading his army into winter quarters, he ordered these ambassadors to give hostages and to do his bid- BOOK II. TWELFTH REVIEW LESSON. 93 ding. After they had promised to return to him at the beginning of the next summer, they set out for Ger- many. C. 1. Quae civitates legates ad Caesarem miserunt? 2. Quid legati polliciti sunt ? 3. Quid Caesar eos facere iussit ? 4. Quo properabat ? TWELFTH REVIE"W LESSON. (Chapters 27-35.) Ablative of Material: A. 403 2; H. 467; H.-B. 406 4. Ablative of Source: A. 403; B. 215; H. 467; H,-B. 413. Adjectives used as Nouns: A. 288; B. 236; H. 494, 495; H.-B. 249. Chiasmus- A. 598 f, note; B. 350 11 c); H. 666 2; H.-B. 628. Diminutives: A. 243; B. 14S i; H. 340; H.-B. 207. Construction with iubeo: A. 563 a; B. 331, II.; H. 614; H.-B. 587. Construction of mille: A. 134 d; B. 80 5; H. 168; H.-B. 131 3. Postpositives (vero): A. 324/; B. 3432; H. 677; H.-B. 31° 5- Prohibitions: A. 450; B. 276 c; H. 561; H.-B. 5013,0. Reflexive Pronouns: A. 299; B. 244, I., II.; H. 503, 504; H.-B. 262. Subjunctive by Attraction: A. 593; B. 324; H. 652; H.-B. S39- Word Order, Noun Modified by Adjective and Genitive: A. 598 g; B. 350 4 d; H. 671 4; H.-B. 624 4. 1. Our men attacked the enemy who had advanced into a very unfavorable position. 2. Caesar said that he spared the states which sent hostages. 3. The lieu- tenant ordered the twelfth legion to cross the river and attack the enemy's camp. 4. The Romans said that they were descended from the gods. 5. We have col- lected a thousand soldiers in this town. 6. Two thou- 94 IN LATINUM. sand men will put to flight the entire army of the Gauls. 7. The Romans were men of so small stature that the Gauls despised them. 8. But when the towers were moved they began to be afraid. 9. Do not attack the towns which the enemy have fortified. 10. Because of the bravery of the centurion and the experience of the soldiers the town was captured. 11. The Belgians car- ried shields which they had made of osiers. 12. Crassus was sent to bring under the sway of the Roman people all those states which had revolted. 13. The remaining towns of the Gauls surrendered without delay. 14. Cae- sar ordered the Nervii to surrender their arms if they wished for peace. 15. Great heaps of arms were seen before the towns. BOOK III. CHAPTER 1. 95 BOOK III. CHAPTER 1. Preteritive Verbs: A. 205, h, note 2; B. 262 A; H. 299 2; H.-B. 487, Ablative of Place: A. 426 3; B. 228; H. 483; H.-B. 433. A. 1. The Gauls are accustomed to give hostages to Caesar. 2. We are accustomed to fortify the villages in which we spend the winter. 3. Two cohorts were stationed in a village which is called Octodurus. 4. The merchants travelled through the Alps with great dan- ger. 5. Servius Galba with part of the cavalry was sent against the Nantuates. B. Part of the cavalry was sent against the Nan- tuates, Varagri, and Seduni, through whose territories the merchants were accustomed to pass with heavy im- posts, that a road might be opened up. When hostages had been given, Galba stationed two cohorts among the Nantuates, and assigned to the remaining cohorts of the legion for wintering, one part of the village of Octo- durus, which is divided into two parts by a river. C. 1. Quo Galba missus est ? 2. Quid ut faceret huic permissum est } 3. Quomodo Octodurum munlvit ? CHAPTER 2. Gerundive Construction (Genitive): A. 504; B. 339; H. 626; H.-B. 612, I. '96 IN LATINUM. A. 1. The Gauls will form a plan of renewing the war. 2. Two cohorts had been sent for the purpose of seeking, supplies (causa, w. gen.). 3. The Gauls are accustomed to despise the cohorts on account of their small number. 4. The Seduni did not think that the legion which was in the village could withstand their attack. 5. The Romans will attempt to seize the heights of the Alps. B. The Gauls thought that Galba was attempting to join these places to the Roman province as a permanent possession. They had persuaded themselves that the legion on account of its small number could not sus- tain even their first attack, and so they formed a plan for withdrawing from the village by night and renewing the war. C. 1. Quare Galll legionem despiciebant } 2. Cur GallT dolebant .'' 3. Quid sibi persuasum Galli habe- bant .' CHAPTER 3. Infinitive used as Subject: A. 452; B. 327; H. 615; H.-B. 585. A. 1. It seems best to Galba to complete the forti- fications. 2. It seemed best to the greater part to reserve this plan till the last extremity. 3. The forti- fications will be completed for the purpose of defending the camp (causa, zv. gen.). 4. Sufficient provision for grain and other supplies had not been made. 5. Since nearly all the higher positions were filled with a great number of armed men, supplies could not be brought up. B. When Galba had received this announcement, BOOK in. CHAPTER 4. 97 the fortifications being not yet (nondum) complete, and all the higher places being filled with armed men, he quickly called a council. When opinions were asked for, it seemed best to the majority to defend the camp. C. 1. Convocatd consiliS, quid Galba fecit ? 2. Cu- iusmodi nonnullae sententiae dicebantur ? 3. Quibus interim castra defendere placuit .-' CHAPTEE 4. Position of ne . . . quidem: A. 599 b; B. 347 i; H. 656 2; H.-B. cf. 624 13 a. A. 1. Not even at first did our men throw any weapon in vain. 2. Not even the wounded left the place where they had taken their stand. 3. It seemed best (placuit) to bring aid to whatever part of the camp was hurd pressed by the enemy. 4. Time was not af- forded for arranging the plans (res) which had been decided upon. 5. Our men, who were wearied by the long continuance of the fight, could not withdraw from the battle. B. When the signal was given, the enemy hurled stones and javelins upon our ramparts. While our men were fresh (with fresh powers) they resisted bravely, but, because of the small number, those who were worn out by the long continuance of the fighting could not withdraw from battle. The enemy over-matched them in this : that they were able to withdraw when they became weary ; but not only not the weary, but not even the wounded of our men could, for the sake of (causa) re- covering themselves, leave the places where they stood. 98 IN LATINUM. C. 1. Quando hostes ex omnibus partibus decucur- rerunt ? 2. Quomodo primo nostri repugnabant ? 3. Cur nostri defessi proelio excedere non poterant ? CHAPTEK 5. Omission of ut: A. 565 a; B. 2958; H. 5654; H.-B. cf. 502 3. A. 1. Galba directed the soldiers to make a sortie. 2. The centurions will direct the soldiers to refresh themselves from toil. 3. The enemy had not even begun to fill up the ditch. 4. Caius Volusenus was a man of great courage. 5. When the soldiers have been called together a sortie will be made. B. Publius Sextius Baculus, who was disabled by wounds in the engagement with the Nervii, showed to Galba that the only hope of safety was for the soldiers to make a sortie from the camp when they had recov- ered from their fatigue. And so, since affairs were at a crisis, the soldiers were instructed to discontinue the fight. C. 1. Quantum temporis pugnabatur .' 2. Nonne extremum auxilium Roman! expert! sunt .■■ 3. Qu! Ner- vico proelio vulneribus confectus erat ">. CHAPTEK 6. Omission of Antecedent with Relatives: A. 307 c\ B. 251 i; H. 399 4; H.-B. 284 ±. A. 1. We will do what we have been commanded. 2. The legions did what they had been commanded. BOOK III. CHAPTER 7. 99 3. Galba had directed our men to surround the Gauls on all sides. 4. The enemy who had come to the camp were put to flight. 5. On the next day all the build- ings of the village were set on fire. B. The sortie was made from all the gates suddenly, and no opportunity was left to the enemy to collect their senses. Thus fortune was changed, and more than a third part of those who had entertained the hope of gaining possession of the camp were slain. Our soldiers having put to flight the panic-stricken remainder returned to the fortifications. C. 1. Qui eventus eruptionis fuit } 2. Quot hostes interfecti sunt } 3. In quo loco Galba hiemavit .'' CHAPTER 7. Accusative with proximus: A. 432 a; B. 141 3; H. 435 2; H.-B. 380 b. A. 1. Those regions which are nearest the Alps have been reduced to submission. 2. When Publius Crassus was spending the winter next the sea, war broke out in Gaul. 3. After the Seduni have been conquered, Caesar will set out to Illyricum. 4. Caesar wished to spend the winter in Gaul. 5. The military tribunes had been sent away to the neighboring states. B. Although the Belgae have been subdued, a sud- den war has broken out in Gaul. Publius Crassus, who with the seventh legion was wintering among the Andes, sent Titus Terrasidius among the Esubii, and other am- bassadors into other states for the sake of [seeking] supplies, 100 IN LATINUM. C. 1. Quid Caesar de Gallia existimabat ? 2. Quo inita hieme profectus erat ? Quare ? 3. Quid in Gallia coortum est ? CHAPTER 8. Commands in Indirect Discourse: A. 588; B. 316; H. 642 4; H.-B. 538. A. 1. The Veneti will send an embassy to the neighboring states [urging them] to hold out in that freedom which they have received from their ances- tors. 2. Crassus sent an embassy to the Veneti [com- manding them] to give hostages. 3. The state of the Veneti is nearest the sea. 4. The Gauls thought they would recover their hostages. 5. The leading men of these states will form a conspiracy through their chiefs. B. The Veneti, whose influence is by far the great- est of all those states, retained Silius and Velanius, because they thought that through these they would recover their hostages. Influenced by their authority, all the sea-board states quickly conspired, and a com- mon embassy was sent to Crassus [to say] that, if he wished to recover his [men], their hostages should be sent back to them. C. 1. Cuius civitatis omnis orae maritimae auctoritas amplissima est .'' 2. Quae huius rei causa prima est .■' 3. Quae est secunda .-' 4. Qualia Gallorum consilia sunt .'' 5. Quid omnis ora maritima fecit .■■ CHAPTER 9. Indicative with cum primum: A. 545; B. 287 i; H. 538 3; H.-B. 557, a. BOOK III. CHAPTER 10. 101 Concessive Clauses with ut: A. 527, a; B. 308; H, 586 II; H.-B. S32, 2 b. A. 1. As soon as the ships were built Caesar set out to the army. 2. The Veneti prepared for war as soon as they could. 3. Although the danger is great, we will throw the ambassadors into chains. 4. Al- though the Romans have ships, yet they do not know the shoals and islands. 5. The Veneti sent an em- bassy to the rest of the states [urging them] to fortify their towns. B. Crassus was commanded by Caesar to build gal- leys, to train rowers, and to procure sailors and pilots. When the Veneti understood how great a wrong had been done by them, they made ready for war, and hoped that our army would neither have any supply of ships nor be acquainted with the islands and harbors. They trusted that our men could not convey corn into the places where they intended to wage war, and could not remain very long among them on account of lack of supplies. C 1. In quo fiumine Caesar naves aedificari iussit .■' 2. Quod facinus in se Veneti admiserant .-' 3. Quae ■ terra contra eas regiones posita est .■" CHAPTEK 10. Subjunctive with priusquam: A. 551, b; B. 292; H. 605 I., II.; fl.-B. S07 4. A. 1. This injustice will provoke Caesar to war before hostages are given. 2. The Gauls conspired before the army was distributed. 3. Although there 102 IN LATINUM. were these difficulties of carrying on the war, Caesar thought the uprising ought not to be neglected. 4. As soon as the Roman knights were retained, Caesar knew that the Gauls desired war. 6. All men hate a condi- tion of slavery. B. Caesar is incited to this war by the outrage of retaining the Roman knights (of the Roman knights having been retained}, the revolt, and the conspiracy. And so he thinks that before more states conspire he must divide and more widely distribute his army. C. 1. Qu5s Gain retinuerant .■' 2. Quid omnes ho- mines oderunt .? 3. Quid sibi faciendum esse Caesar putavit .'' CHAPTER 11. Relative Clause of Purpose: A. 531 2; B. 282 2 H. 5,90; H.-B. 502 2. A. 1. Titus Labienus with the cavalry was sent to visit the Remi and retain them in their allegiance. 2. The Gauls will send ambassadors to summon assis- tance. 3. Crassus will set out before these nations unite Qpass.). 4. Three legions had been sent to the Venelli. 5. Decimus Brutus will be placed in com- mand of these regions. B. He therefore appoints Publius Crassus over the legionary cohorts and cavalry which he had ordered to be sent into Aquitania, and charges him to visit (not ififinitive) those nations and to restrain them if they attempt to send auxiliaries into Gaul. He orders Deci- mus Brutus to proceed as soon as possible with the Gallic ships to the Veneti, and sends Titus Labienus to BOOK III. CHAPTER IS. 103 take care that the Remi and the other Belgae are kept in their allegiance. C. 1. Quis in Treveros missus est ? 2. Qu5s Belgae arcessiveru'nt ? 3. Ex quibus regiSnibus naves convenire Caesar iusserat ? CHAPTER 12. Ablative of Degree of Difference: A. 414; B. 223; H. 4yq; H.-B. 424. A. 1. The enemy withdrew to the nearest towns the more easily because they had a large number of ships. 2. They will defend themselves the more easily because the storms have detained us, 3. They had sent soldiers to defend the towns. 4. When the tide had ebbed, the towns had no access by ship. 5. The attack on the towns {genitive) was hindered by the shoals in which our ships were caught. B. The towns of the Veneti had no access by ships when the tide ebbed, since they were built on promonto- ries. But the townspeople (oppidani) began to despair of their fortunes after Caesar shut out the sea by dikes, which he made level with the walls of the town. They had a great number of ships, and so carried off all their possessions into the next town ; Caesar, meanwhile, was detained by storms. C. 1. Quoties (Jiow often) aestus se ex alto incitat .' 2. Quo Veneti sua omnia deportabant .'' 3. Quae res nostras naves detinebant ? 104 IN- LATINUM. CHAPTER 13. Dative with Special Verbs: A. 367; B. 187, II.; H. 426; H.-B. 362. A. 1. The storms did not injure the ships of the enemy. 2. We fear that the rocks may injure our fleet. 3. The ships of the Belgae could the more easily withstand the violence of the storms because they were entirely made of oak. 4. They were of so great height that weapons could not easily be thrown to them. 5. The Veneti think that sails cannot with- stand so severe gales of wind. B. The keels of their ships are made somewhat flat- ter than [those] of ours [our ships] in order that the shallows and ebb-tide can be more easily encountered. The prows are very high, and iron spikes fasten the benches. Iron chains hold their anchors, and they use skins (what case f) and thinly dressed leather for sails. Their ships endure the storms more easily than ours, and remain in the shoals more safely. C. 1. Cur Venetorum naves factae ex robore sunt.' 2. Quibus rebus pro velis usi sunt ? 3. Cur nostrae eorum navibus rostro nocere non poterant .'' CHAPTER 14. Place from Which: A. 426 i; B. 229; H. 462; H.-B. 409. Ablative of Means: A. 409; B. 21S; H. 476; H.-B. 423. A. 1. When the enemy saw our fleet they set out from the harbor. 2. Caesar set out from the town with the army. 3. We cannot injure the ships of the Gauls BOOK III. THIRTEENTH REVIEW LESSON. 105 with weapons. 4. The Romans pulled down the sail- yards with hooks. 5. Since the hills are occupied by the army, no unusually brave (comparative) deed can escape notice^ B. As soon as the enemy saw our fleet, they sailed out of the harbor with about two hundred and twenty ships. It ■ 3. Quid ab eo petierunt .? 126 IN LATINUM. CHAPTEES 9, 10. Substantive Clauses after peto, etc.; A. 563; B. 29s i; H. 565; H.-B. 530 ^. A. 1. Caesar did not ask that they report this (^plier.) to their own people. 2. We ask that they shall not send their cavalry across the Rhine. 3. Cae- sar said that those who had been sent across the Rhine had not returned. 4. The island of the Batavians is not more than eighty miles from the ocean. 5. The nations which inhabit these islands live on iish and eggs. B. He thought that meanwhile he would move his camp nearer them, because he had learned that they were expecting their cavalry, which they had sent across the Meuse for the purpose of foraging. The Rhine, which is said to rise among the Lepontii, makes a number of large islands, and empties into the ocean by several mouths. C. 1. Unde {whence) Mosa oritur.? 2. Ubi est mons Vosegus .'' 3. A quibus insulae effectae Rheno inco- luntur } 4. Qu5modo Rhenus in Oceanum influit .■■ CHAPTEB 11. Subjunctive with quoad, etc.: A. 553; B. 293 III. 2; H. ^03 II ; H.-B. S07 s. A. 1. The ambassadors asked that Caesar would not advance farther till the cavalry should return. 2. We will not send ambassadors till these things are accom- plished. 3. He forbade those horsemen who had pre- BOOK IV. CHAPTER 12. 127 ceded the army to fight. 4. Caesar will advance for the sake of procuring water. 5. He will inquire into their demands 'when he has drawn near with his army. B. The Germans asked that Caesar would give them permission to send ambassadors to the Ubii, and that he would send word to the prefects not to provoke the enemy to an engagement. They said that if Caesar would not advance farther, they would assemble in as great numbers as possible on the following day, and would accept the terms which he should propose. C. 1. Quid legati magnopere orabant } 2. Quid Caesar pollicitus est .'' 3. Quid postero die fecerunt .'' CHAPTEE 12. Concessive (Adversative) Clauses with cum: A. 549; B. 309 3; H. 598; H.-B. 526. A. 1. Although their horsemen have not returned they will make an attack. 2. Although our men re- sisted they were put to flight. 3. They did not returr till their ambassadors had left Caesar. 4. The cavalry, who had been put to flight, came in sight of the army. 5. The brother of Piso had been killed. B. But as soon as they saw our cavalry, they leaped to their feet, and began to stab our horses underneath. A great many of our men were overthrown, and the rest, panic-stricken, were put to flight. Among the seventy-four of our cavalry killed in this battle, were Piso and his brother, who were descended from an illustrious family. C. 1. Quot equites Caesar habebat .■• 2. Cur nihil 128 Ilf LATINUM. timebant ? 3. Quam multi interfecti sunt ? 4. Quid de Pisonis av5 Caesar dicit ? CHAPTEK 13. Predicate Genitive: A. 343 c; B. 203 5; H. 447; H.-B. 340. A. 1. It is (a sign) of the utmost folly to wait till the cavalry return. 2. It was a sign of treachery to make war when ambassadors had been sent. 3. Al- though the Gauls had come for the sake of clearing themselves, they were detained. 4. When these mat- ters had been arranged the battle was begun. 5. Cae- sar was glad that the Germans had come into the camp. B. Early on the following day, the German princes and elders came to the camp of Caesar for the sake of excusing themselves, because, when they had sought peace, they had of their own accord brought on war. Caesar rejoiced that they had fallen into his power ; and because he thought it would be the greatest folly to delay until time should be given to the Germans for concerting measures, he ordered their ambassadors to be retained, and led all his forces out of camp. C. 1. Quid Caesar summae dementiae esse iudi- cabat ? 2. Quibuscum ea constituta communicavit .'' 3. Qui postridie eius diei ad eum venerunt ? CHAPTER 14. Double Questions: A. 334; B. 162 4; H. 380; H.-B. 234. A. 1. We do not know whether the Germans are defending the camp or seeking safety in flight. 2. The BOOK ir. CHAPTER 15. 129 enemy did not know whether our men had reached the camp or not. 3. It was a sign of the utmost iolly to cross the Rhine. 4. The enemy were not able to re- sist our men. 5. The cavalry were sent to pursue the women and children. B. He arrived at the camp of the enemy before time was given for forming plans or seizing arms. Our soldiers were excited by the treachery of the preceding day, and burst into the camp so quickly that the Ger- mans, panic-stricken, were perplexed [as to] whether it would be better to resist our men or to fly in all direc- tions. Those who could seize arms defended the camp, but the rest sought safety in flight. C. 1. Quapdo Caesar ad hostium castra pervenit .'' 2. Quomodo timor hostium significabatur ? 3. Quid milites nostri fecerunt .' 4. Quid pueri mulieresque Germanorum fecerunt ? CHAPTEK 15. Review of Cases with Prepositions: A. Z2o a, b, c; B. 141, 142; H. 420, 490; H.-B. 455-457- A. 1. The Germans, who had rushed out of the camp, threw away their arms. 2. A great number of them reached the confluence of the Rhine and Meuse. 3. The enemy, who had thrown themselves into the river, perished there. 4. Caesar gave those who had been detained in camp the privilege of departing. 5. They feared the punishment of the Gauls, and wished to remain with him. 130 IN LATINUM. B. When the Germans, who had thrown away their arms and abandoned their military standards, came to the Rhine, they threw themselves into the stream and perished. Although Caesar gave to those who had been retained in camp the opportunity of departing, they wished to remain with him, because they feared {subjunctive) the vengeance of the Gauls. C. 1. Quo Germani, cum suos interfici viderent, ierunt >. 2. Quid ibi fecerunt .' 3. Quo mlhtes nostri se receperunt .'' CHAPTEE 16. Omission of ut: A. 565 a; B. 295 8; H. 565 4; H.-B. c/. 502 3. A. 1. Caesar demanded that they should send the hostages which they had promised. 2. We shall de- mand that aid be furnished us. 3. Messengers had been sent the Sugambri by Caesar, 4. The Ubii, who were oppressed by the Suebi, sent ambassadors to Cae- sar. 5. The army will not be transported in ships. B. In order that the Germans might fear for their own property, Caesar wished them to know that the Romans had both the ability and the daring to cross the Rhine. He had learned, moreover, that the Suebi were grievously oppressing the Ubii, who were entreating him to bring aid to them, and that the cavalry of the Usi- petes and the Tencteri, who had not been in the battle, had crossed the Rhine and betaken themselves into the territory of the Sugambri. C. 1. Quid Caesar sibi esse faciendum statuit .■• BOOK IV. CHAPTERS 17, 18. 131 2. Ad quos Caesar nuntios misit ? 3. Qui graviter premebantur ? 4. Quid rnagnopere orabant ? CHAPTER 17. Ablative of Cause: A. 404; B. 219; H. 475; H.-B, 444. A. 1. For these reasons Caesar decided to construct a bridge. 2. Caesar says that for these reasons he will cross the Rhine. 3. To cross the Rhine in boats is not consistent with the dignity of the Roman people. 4; Although the difficulty of building a bridge was very great, yet Caesar attempted it. 5. Piles driven in ob- liquely down the stream served as buttresses. B. Caesar decided that it was not safe to cross the Rhine in boats. And so, although the width, rapidity, and depth of the river presented (facere) very great difficulty in building a bridge, he devised a plan. After the bridge was built, he drove in piles at a moderate distance above it, in order that, if the barbarians should send down ships or the trunks of trees, these defenses would diminish the force of such things. C. 1. Quid Caesar facere decreverat 1 2. Cur navi- bus- transfl-e non voluit ? 3. Quomodo transire decrevit .' 4. Quae res Infra pontem oblique agebantur .' CHAPTEK 18. Passive Infinitive with coepi: A. 205 a; B. 133 i; H. 299 i; H.-B. 199 i!. A. 1. When the bridge had been completed the army began to be led across. 2. Hostages began to be 132 IN LATINUM. brought to Caesar from several states. 3. For these reasons Caesar left a strong guard at each end of the bridge. 4. The ambassadors who had come to Caesar begged for peace and friendship. 5. The Tencteri urged the Sugambri to conceal (ut, w. subj.~) themselves in the forests. B. Caesar finished the work in ten days, and led the army into the territory of the Sugambri. He demanded that hostages be brought to him from several states, whose ambassadors had come to him asking peace and friendship. Meanwhile the Sugambri, upon the advice of the Usipetes and the Tencteri, made preparations for flight, and conveyed all their possessions out of their territories. C. 1. Quando opus effectum est .' 2. Quid Caesar ad utramque partem pontis rellquit .■■ 3. Qui interim ad Caesarem venerunt .' 4. Quo Sugambri se abdiderunt ? CHAPTEB 19. Abla-tive of Separation: A. 400; B, 214; H. 461; H.-B. 408. A. 1. The Ubii were freed from fear by the Romans. 2. When Caesar had freed the Ubii from oppression he set out into Gaul. 3. When the Ubii began to be op- pressed Caesar promised them aid. 4. All who could bear arms had assembled in one place, and were await- ing the approach of the Romans. 5. Caesar thought that he had inspired fear in the Sugambri. B. Caesar has learned from the Ubii that the Suebi have removed from their towns, that their wives and children and all their possessions have been placed in BOOK IV. FIFTEENTH BEVIEW LESSON. 133 the forests, and that all who can bear arms are assem- bling in one place. He thinks that he has accomplished all the things on account of which he crossed into Ger- many. Accordingly, he will lead the army back (redu- cere) into Gaul, and cut down the bridge. C: 1. Quid Caesar Ubiis pollicitus est .' 2. Ubi Suebi adventum Romanorum exspectabant ? 3. Quot dies trans Rhenum Caesar consumpsit .'' 4. Ad quas res a se satis prof ectuni esse arbitrabatur ? FIFTEENTH REVIEW LESSON. (Chapters i-ig.) Cognate Accusative: A, 390; B. 176 4; H. 409; H.-B, 396. Detnonstrative Pronouns (hie, ille) : ^. 297 a, b; B. 246 i; H. 505, 506; H.-B. 274 2. Construction with paenitet: A. 354; B. 209; H. 457; H.-B. 352- Predicate Genitive; A. 343 c; B. 203 5; H. 447; H.-B. 340. Review of Cases with Prepositions: A. 220 a, 6, c; B. 141, 142; H. 420, 490; H.-B. 455-457- Subjunctive with quoad, etc: A. 553; B. 293, III. 2; H. 603 II; H.-B. 507 s. Subordinate Clause in Indirect Discourse: A. 580; B. 314 r, H. 643; E.-B. 534 2. Tenses of the Infinitive in Indirect Discourse: A. 584; B. 270 i; H. 617, 644; H.-B. 593. 1. Caesar found that the Germans were braver than the Gauls. 2. The latter he defeated ; but the former were not reduced to submission. 3. When we had proceeded a four days' march the enemy attacked us. 134 IIT LATINUM. 4. The Gauls who crossed the river repented of their boldness. 5. The states which revolted are sorry for their fickleness. 6. The messenger who came to the camp informed Caesar that the enemy were attacking the town. 7. The soldiers knew that the enemy's camp had not been fortified. 8. Caesar said that he would make war on those nations which had not sent hostages. 9. The Gauls replied that the ambassadors whom they had sent to the neighboring states had not yet returned. 10. We can sustain the attack till the cavalry arrives. 11. The Ubii were waiting till the troops they had summoned should assemble. 12. It is in accordance with the custom of the Romans to protect friends and allies. 13. It is a sign of the utmost folly not to send hostages. 14. When the soldiers reached the hill on which the camp had been pitched they waited for the coming of the cavalry. 15. The Ger- mans who had crossed into Gaul refused to send hos- tages. CHAPTER 20. Indirect Questions: A. 574; B. 300; H. 649 II.; H.-B. 537. A. 1. Caesar knew what regions were opposite Gaul (^plur.'). 2. We have not found out what is the extent of the island. 3. Caesar thought the Gauls had been freed from oppression. 4. Although a small part of the summer remains, Caesar will set out to Britain. 5. We have been able to find out what were the customs of the Gauls (dative). B. Although the winters are early in Britain, yet it BOOK IV. CHAPTER 21. 135 will be of great advantage to me if I only visit the island. I cannot ascertain from merchants either how large it is, or what nations inhabit it, or what customs they follow in war. [Therefore,] even if the time be insufficient for waging a war, I will proceed into Britain, in order that I may find out those things which are unknown to the Gauls. C. 1. Cur Caesar in Britanniam proficiscT contendit.' 2. Quos ad se Caesar vocavit .' 3. Quid de Insula ex els cognoscere voluit 1 CHAPTER 21. Genitive of Indefinite Value: A. 417; B. 203 4; H. 448- H.-B. 356. A. 1. The influence of Commius is of great impor- tance in this state. 2. The influence of the Roman peo- ple was considered of great importance in Gaul. 3. The Britons knew from what regions ships were assembling. 4. Several states promised to send hostages, and obey the commands {sing.) of the Roman people. 5. Volu- senus did not dare disembark from the ship. B. Caius Volusenus was sent forward with a galley, and was commanded to investigate all things and to re- turn as soon as possible. He returned in five days, and announced that he had not dared to disembark and in- trust himself to barbarians. Meanwhile, because ambas- sadors had come from many parts of Britain, and had promised to submit to the authority of the Roman peo- ple, Commius, king of the Atrebates, was sent to the 136 IN LATINUM. island with these ambassadors to urge the Britons to continue in that purpose. C. 1. Quern Caesar praemittit ? 2. Quo consilio ? 3. Qui interim ad Caesarem venerunt ? 4. Quid pol- liciti sunt ? CHAPTEK 22. Subjunctive with quominus: A. 558 b; B. 295 3; H, 568; H.-B. 502 3, 6.). A. 1. The ships which had been assigned to the cavalry "were hindered from coming into the harbor. 2. The army was hindered from being led against the Morini. 3. It is of great importance (magni) to carry on this war. 4. The hostages which Caesar had de- manded were brought. 5. Publius Sulpicius Rufus will be left with a guard. B. The ambassadors of the Morini said that, as men uncivilized and unacquainted with the Roman customs, they had made war, and they promised that they would give a large number of hostages. When these were brought, -Caesar received them into his protection, be- cause he did not wish to leave an enemy behind him. He collected and prepared transport ships, and assigned eighteen to the cavalry, and the rest to the lieutenants for transporting the legions. C. 1. Quae se facturos esse legatl MorinSrum polli- citi sunt .' 2. Quibus naves longas Caesar distribuit ? 3. Quid P. Sulpicium Rufum facere iussit .'' BOOK IV. CHAPTERS 23, ZJ^.- 137 CHAPTER 23. Subjunctive with dum: A. 553; B. 293, III. 2; H. 603 II.; H.-B. S07 s. A. 1. We shall wait till the military tribunes have been assembled. 2. The soldiers waited till the signal was given. 3. The rest of the ships were hindered from assembling. 4. Volusenus knew what place was suita- ble for disembarking. 5. Caesar weighed anchor, and advanced seven miles from that place. B. Caesar reached Britain at about ten o'clock, but remained at anchor until three, because this was by no means a fit place for disembarking. After he had shown to the lieutenants and tribunes what he wished to be done, he found both wind and tide favorable at the same time. Since the forces of the enemy were drawn up' on the higher places, .he weighed anchor and proceeded about seven miles farther. C. 1. Quid Caesar equites facere iussit } 2. Quando Caesar Britanniam attigit .' 3. Quos convocavit } CHAPTER 24. Genitive with Adjectives: A. 349; B. 204; H. 450; H.-B. 354- A. 1. The barbarians were not ignorant of the plan of the Romans. 2. Since our men are ignorant of this sort of fighting the enemy will prevent them from dis- embarking. ^3. The barbarians will wait till the cavalry has been sent forward. 4. The soldiers who were bur- dened by the heavy weight of their arms leaped from 138 IN LATINUM. the ships. 5. The enemy will advance boldly and hurl their weapons. B. When the barbarians learned the design of Cae- sar, they sent forward their cavalry and charioteers to prevent our soldiers from disembarking. Our soldiers could station their ships only in deep water, the localities were strange, and the armor was very heavy ; moreover, they had to leap from the ships, get a footing in the water^ and fight with the enemy at the same time, so that they were dismayed by these circumstances. C. 1. Quos barbarl praemiserunt 1 2. Quo consilio .' 3. Quae militibus simul facienda erant 1 4. Quomodo his rebus affecti sunt .'' CHAPTBE 25. Imperative: A. 448; B. 281; H. 560, H.-B. 496. A. 1. Soldiers, urge on the ships with the oars. 2. Leap down from the ship and approach the enemy. 3. The enemy were unacquainted with this sort of ships. 4. Our men delayed on account of the depth of the sea. 6. The soldiers from the nearest ships saw that we were approaching the enemy. B. When the galleys had been stationed on the open flank of the enemy, the soldier who was bearing the eagle of the tenth legion encouraged our men and threw himself into the sea. The enemy halted and retreated a little ; our soldiers, calling upon the gods to witness, all leaped from the ships, and did their duty to the general and also to the commonwealth. BOOK If. CHAPTER 26. 139 C. 1. Quae res barbaros permoverunt ? Quid fece- runt ? 2. Quid ille, qui decimae legiSnis aquilam fere- bat, dixit ? Quid fecit ? 3. Quid Romani universi fecerunt ? CHAPTEK 26. Participles of Deponent Verbs: A. 190 a; B. 112 o; H. 222 i; H.-B. 160 A. 1. Our men, disembarking from the ship were seen by the enemy. 2. The enemy made an attack upon our men [who were] following the standards. 8. Soldiers, surround those who are hurhng weapons. 4. Caesar ordered assistance to be sent to those upon whom an attack had been make. 5. We did not pursue the enemy because the horsemen had not held their course. B. When the enemy noticed that our men could not get a firm footing or keep their ranks, some attacked those coming from the ships in scattered groups, others surrounded those following the standards. When this was noticed, soldiers filled the skiffs and spy boats, and went as a relief to those whom they saw in distress. After this had happened (quo facto), our men made good their footing (consistere) on dry ground, and put the enemy to flight. C. 1. Quid Romani facere non poterant .' Quo- modo afficiebantur } 2. Quas res militibus compleri Caesar iussit ? 3. Quas res nostri, simul atque in arido constiterunt, fecerunt ? 140 IN LATIN UM. CHAPTER 27. Tense with simul atque: A. 543; B. 287; H. 602; H.-B. 557- A. 1. As soon as the enemy had promised that they would do what Caesar commanded, they sent hostages. 2. As soon as Commiiis had come he begged for peace. 3. The ambassador said he had beer; seized as he was disembarking (^pres. part.'). 4. Caesar pardons their indiscretion and summons tlieir leading men. 5. The Britons assembled from all sides and surrendered them- selves to Caesar. B. As soon as the enemy recovered after their flight, they sent ambassadors to seek peace. Together with the ambassadors they sent back Commius, whom they had thrown into chains, although he came to them in the character of an envoy. The blame of this act was thrown upon the multitude, and the ambassadors asked that Caesar would pardon their imprudence. He complained because they had brought on war without cause, and demanded hostages, a part of whom were given at once. C. 1. Qui ad Caesarem venerunt .' Quare 1 2. Quis una cum iis venit } 3. Unde pars obsidum arcessita est.? CHAPTER 28. Construction with cum "when": A. 545, 546; B. 288; H. 600, 601; H.-B. 524, 550 a. A. 1. When the tempest arose the ships were ap- proaching Britain. 2. When the ships set out they could not hold their course. 3. As soon as the ships BOOK IV. CHAPTER 29. 141 had approached Britain they were seen from the camp. 4. The lower part of the island lies toward the west. B. In four days after Caesar came into Britain a violent storm arose, which drove some of the ships to the lower part of the island, and others back to Gaul. Those which had stood out to sea sought the continent because they were filling with the waves. C. 1. Unde equites solverunt .■' 2. Cum appropin- quarent Britanniae, quid accidit .■" 3. Quo aliae naves referebantur ? CHAPTER 29. Ablative of Time: A. 423 i; B. 230; 0. 486; H.-B. 439. A. 1. The army was' transported on the same night, 2. On that day the ships had been drawn up on dry ground. 3. When the storm had filled the ships, no opportunity of helping was given. 4. The army could not be taken back on these ships because the cables and anchors had been lost. 5. It will be necessary to spend the winter in those places in which grain has been provided. B. Caesar did not know that the time of full moon causes very high tides, and so he had drawn up the galleys on the beach and anchored- the transport ships. The soldiers were greatly disturbed (magnopere pertur- bari) because many of the ships were wrecked and be- cause all things which are serviceable for repairing ships were lacking. C. 1. Quid eadem nocte accidit .? 2. Quod factum nostrls erat incognitum .' 3. Quid longis navibus acci dit ? Quid onerarils .' 142 IN LATIN UM. CHAPTEB 30. Supine in -u: A. 510; B. 340 2; H. 635; H.-B. 619. A. 1. The leading men of Britain decided that it was best (to do) to make a conspiracy. 2. It will be best to withdraw from camp, and cut off the Romans from supplies. 3. The army cannot cross in winter for the sake of prolonging the war. 4. The enemy knew that the legions had been brought across without bag- gage. 5. The leading men who had begun to assemble withdrew from the camp. B. The camp was qiiite narrow, because the legions had been transported to Britain without baggage. When the Britons perceived this, and ascertained the confu- sion of our army on account of the loss of their ships (rt3/. abs:~), they made a conspiracy and gradually with- drew from the camp, because they trusted that they could cut off the Romans from supplies. C. 1. Quid prlncipes Britanniae intellexerunt ? 2. Quomodo paucitatem mllitum Caesaris cognosce- bant 1 3. Cur castra angustiora erant .'' CHAPTEK 31. Substantive Clauses of Result: A. 568; B. 297 i; H. 571; H.-B. 521 3. A. 1. 'Caesar had made it possible for -the ships to be refitted. 2. We shall make it possible for the grain to be collected. 8. It will be best to use this copper for refitting the other ships. 4. Although twelve ships have been lost, still we shall be able to sail. BOOK IV. CEAPTEU 32. 148 B. Caesar, suspecting (^perf. part.') that the barbari- ans were conferring together, began to repair the ships, and to bring grain from the country into the camp. The soldiers carried out his directions with the greatest zeal ; he thus brought it about that he was prepared for every emergency. C. 1. Quid Caesar suspicabatur ? 2. Quid compa- rabat ? 3. Quibus rebus ad naves reirciendas utebatur ? 4. Quid effecit ? CHAPTEB 32. Supine in -um: A. 509; B. 340 i; H. 633; H.-B. 618. A. 1. The seventh legion, which had been sent to get grain, was seen by the enemy. 2. Caesar will send the remaining cohorts to get grain. 3. Caesar sus- pected that the barbarians had formed some new plan. 4. Two cohorts proceeded in that direction in which the dust was seen. 5. Our men, while engaged in reaping, were surrounded by cavalry and chariots. B. While a part of the Britons were remaining in the country, and the seventh legion had been sent, out to forage, it was announced to Caesar that those who were on guard had seen more dust than was usual in that direction where the legion had proceeded. He immediately set out in that direction with two cohorts, and observed that the legion was crowded together, and was with difficulty holding its ground. C. 1. Cur Caesar septimam legionem misit .' 2. Quid Caesari nuntiatum est .-' 3. Quo profectus est .' 4. Cum paulo longius a castris processisset, quid auimadvertit .' 144 IN LATINUM. CHAPTER 33. Complementary Infinitive: A. 456; B. 328; H. 607; H.-B. 586 a. A. 1. The enemy are accustomed to leap from their chariots and fight on foot. 2. Our soldiers were not able to withdraw from battle when they were hard pressed by the enemy. 3. When the charioteers had thrown our ranks into confusion by the noise of the chariots, they withdrew. 4. The chariots were so placed that the enemy had a ready [means of] retreat to their own men. 5. Daily training has made them accustomed to betake themselves to their chariots very quickly. B. The Britons attained to such skill (tantum effi- cere) in consequence of daily practice, that they were able to check their horses when at full speed. When they had ridden about in every direction and broken the ranks, they worked themselves among the squad- rons and leaped from their chariots. Since the chario- teers located the chariots at a little distance from the battle, the soldiers had a ready retreat to their [friends], and they displayed in battle the speed of cavalry and the firmness of infantry. C. 1. Quas res BritannT in pugna ex essedls primo faciunt I 2. Quo interim aurigae excedunt 'i Quo con- silio .' 3. Quas res Britanni in proeliis praestant ? CHAPTER 34. Duration of Time: A. 423 2; B. 181; H. 417; H.-B. 387. A. 1. For several days the storms prevented the enemy from fighting. 2. Our men will be kept in BOOK ir. CHAPTERS SB, 36. 145 camp for a short time. 3. Since the time was unfavor- able for beginning battle the legions were led back to camp. 4. While our men were recovering from their fear the enemy withdrew. 5. Messengers were sent in every direction and a great number of cavalry collected. B. Although the coming of Caesar caused our men to recover (made that our men recovered) from their fear, yet he thought it was not a favorable time for coming to an action, and led his soldiers back into camp. While storms were keeping the Romans in camp, messengers were sent in every direction by the barbarians, and a large force of infantry and cavalry was collected, in order to obtain booty and drive the Romans from the island. C. 1. Quid nostros perturbavit > 2. Quae res com- plures dies secutae sunt ? 3. Quas res interim barbari f ecerunt ? CHAPTERS 35, 36. Conditional Sentences, First Type (Nothing Implied) : A. Sis; B. 302; H. 574; H.-B. S79- A. 1. If the enemy were defeated our men escaped danger. 2. If the enemy are withdrawing to camp they are not able to sustain the attack of our soldiers. 3. We followed the enemy for several days. 4. The enemy sent ambassadors to Caesar concerning peace. 5. If the hostages are- brought (fut. perf.~) Caesar will set sail. B. When the enemy had come to the camp, Caesar drew up his legions and about thirty horsemen, and 146 Ilf LATINUM. engaged in battle. After a great many of the enemy had been slain and their buildings set on fire, they sent ambassadors to Caesar to seek peace. As Caesar was intending to set sail (Jirst periphrastic conj.') a little after midnight, he commanded the barbarians to bring the hostages over to the continent. C. 1. Quieodemdie ad Caesaremvenerunt .■• 2. Quo- modo Caesar eos recepit 1 3. Quando solvit 1 4. In quo statu (in what condition) ad continentem naves pervenerunt ' CHAPTER 37. Conditional Sentences, Second Type (Future Less Vivid) : A. 516 6; B. 303; H. 576; H -B. 580. A. 1. If the soldiers should lay down their arms they would be killed. 2. If the enemy should surround them Caesar would send aid. 3. If they defended them- selves they withstood the attack of the enemy. 4. The soldiers were unwilling to lay down their arms when they had been commanded [to do so]. 5. Our men killed a large numoer of the enemy who had thrown away their arms. B. When Caesar set out for Britain, he left the Morini in a state of peace, but, influenced by the hope of plunder, they now (hoc tempore) quickly assembled. After three hundred of our men had been landed (J>erf. tense) from two of the transport ships, they were sur- rounded by about six thousand of the Morini, who ordered them to lay down their arms. Our soldiers formed a circle and defended themselves most valiantly BOOK IV. CHAPTER S8. 147 for more than four hours ; and, after the cavalry of Caesar came in sight, the enemy threw away their arms and fled. C. 1. Cur Morini nostros circumsistebant ? 2. Quid nostri fecerunt ? 3. Qui auxilio (lostris venerunt ? 4. Quid hostes fecerunt ? CHAPTER 38. Conditional Sentences, Third Type (Contrary to Fact) : A. SIT, B. 304; H. 5791 H.-B. 581, A. r. If Caesar had led the legions into the territo- ries of the Menapii he would have burned their build- ings. 2. If the winter quarters of the legions were in Britain the states would send ambassadors. 3. If the Morini should withdraw into the swamps Labienus would lay waste their fields. 4. If the territories of the Belgae are in the power of Labienus the enemy have no place to retreat. 5. If the hostages are sent (/ut. tense) a thanksgiving will be decreed. B. Quintus Titurius and Lucius Cotta laid waste all the cultivated fields of the Menapii and burned their dwellings, but, because the Menapii had hidden in the woods, they led the legions into winter quarters. Mean- while almost all the Morini fell into the power of La- bienus, who had been sent against them with the legions which had been brought back from Britain. C. 1. Quo Labienus missus est .' 2. Quando missus est .' Quibuscum .' 3. Quid de obsidibus e.x Britannia Caesar dicit ? 4. Quid de supplicatione dicit t 148 IN LATINUM. SIXTEENTH REVIEW LESSON. (Chapters 20-38.) Conditional Sentences: A. S^S-Si?; B- 302-304; H. S74. Sl(>, 579; H.-B. 579-581- Genitive of Indefinite Value: A. 417; B. 2034; H. 448; H.-B. 356. Imperative: A. 448; B. 281; H. 560; H.-B. 496. Participles of Deponent Verbs : A. 190 a; B. 112 a; H. 222 i; H.-B. 160. Subjunctive with quominus: A. 558 6; B. 295 3; H. 568; H.-B. 502 3 b). Subjunctive with dum: A. 553; B. 293, III. 2; H. 603 II; H.-B. 507 5. Supine in -n: A. 510; E. 340 2; H. 635; H.-B. 619. Tense with simul atque: A. 543; B. 287; H. 602; H.-B. 557. 1. The influence of the Romans is of so great im- portance that hostages have been sent at once. 2. The fleet of the Gauls was hindered from making an attack upon our ships. 3. We shall not wait till the enemy capture the towns of our allies. 4. The soldiers will not set out from camp till the auxiliaries arrive. 5. Scouts, inform Caesar that you have seen the enemy. 6. Surrender your arms and send hostages if you desire peace. 7. Caesar, thinking that Commius was faith- ful to him, ordered him to return to his own people. 8. After delaying a few days in this place, Volusenus returned to Gaul. 9. As soon as Volusenus had dis- embarked, the Britons seized him and threw him in prison. 10. As soon as the ships had assembled the hostages were sent. 11. The best thing to do is to attack the legions while scattered. 12. We shall send BOOK IV. SIXTEENTH REVIEW -LESSON. 149 the ambassadors to seek peace. 13. If the cohorts ad- vance farther they will be seen by the enemy. 14. If the enemy should withdraw we should set out for home. 15. If the buildings had been burned the Morini would have had no place to which to retreat. 5NDEX. The figures refer to pages on which occur grammar references explaining the constructions named. Ablative : Absolute 12, 13, III. Accompaniment, 15, 18; With- out rum, 78, 85. Agent, 25, 30, 117. Cause, 62, 68, 131. Comparison, 63, 68, 121. Degree of Difference, 103, 105. Manner, 19, 24, 116. Material, 91, 93. Means, 62, 68, 104. Place, 95; (whence), 15, 18, 19, 104. Price, 26, 30. Quality, 14, 18, 66. Separation, 16, 18, 132. Source, 88, 93. Specification, 10, 13. Time, 11, 13, 141. Way by which, 16, 18. With Certain Deponents, 27, 30, 73- VfhXh. fretus, iii, 118. With nltor, 20, 24. With Preposition, used for Par- titive Genitive, 34, 37. With Verbs of Asking, 72, 76. Accusative: Cognate, 122, 133, Direct Object, 9, 13. Accusative (continued) : Duration of Time, 10, 13. Extent of Space, 72, 76, 124. Place to which, 31, 36, 37, 71. Subject of Infinitive, 14, 18. Two Accusatives with Verbs of Asking, 23, 24. With Compounds of /ra«J, 70,76. With propius, 54, 60. y^\'Ca. proximus, 99, 105. Adjectives : Denoting a Part, 29, 30. As Nouns, 87, 93. With Adverbial Force, 78, 85. Adverbs: Comparison, 32, 37. Agreement with Nouns of Dif- ferent Genders, 35, 37. alius : Correlative Use, 115, 118. Elliptical Use, 81, 85. Antecedent : Repeated with Relative Pro- noun, 56, 60, 78. Omitted, 98, 106. Apposition, 10, 13. causa. Construction with, 46, 52, 80, 85. Causal Clauses : With cum, 49, 52, 71, 76. With quod, 31, 37, 89. 151 152 INDEX. Chiasmus, 90, 93. coepi with Passive Infinitive, 66, 68, 131. Commands in Indirect Discourse, 100, 105. Comparative with Standard of Comparison Omitted, 79, 85. Comparison of Adverbs, 32, 37. Concessive Clauses : With cum, 34, 37, 127. With ut, loi, 105. Conditional Clauses : First Type (Nothing Implied), 55, 60, 145, 148; In Indirect Discourse, 90 ; (Future More Vivid), 73, 76. Second Type (Future Less Vivid), 146, 148. Third Type (Contrary to Fact), 147, 148. con/ido, Construction with, 59, 60. Conjunctions after Verbs of Fearing, 84, 85. Contracted Perfects, 63, 68. cum. Enclitic Use, 82, 85. cum : Causal, 49, 52, 71, 76. Concessive, 34, 37, 127. Temporal, 29, 30, 140. cum primum, 100. cum . . . turn Correlative Use, 107, 118. Dative : Agent, 40, 45, 79, 85. Indirect Object, 14, 18. Of Possessor, 19, 24, 75. Purpose, 84, 85. Reference, 39, 45, 108. Separation, 83, 85. Dative [continued) : Two Datives, 33, 37. With Adjectives, 14, 18. With Compounds, 17, 18, 80. With Special Verbs, 10, 13, 104. deliui with Present Infinitive, 91. Defective Verbs (coepi), 60. Demonstrative Pronouns, 120. '33- Diminutives, 89, 93. Distributive Numerals, 107, 118. Double Questions, 57, 61, 128. dum : With Present Tense, 35, 38. With Subjunctive, 137, 148. Enclitic Use of cum, 82, 85. et, -que, and atque, 58, 61. ehi, Construction with, 114, 118. ExPLANAa-ORY CLAUSE in Indi- rect Discourse, 47, 53. Genitive : In Predicate, 128, 133. Of Indefinite Value, 135, 148. Of Measure, 12, 13. Of QuaUty, 74, 77. Objective, 11, 13, 48, 53. Partitive, 26, 30, 69. Possessive, 17, i8, 82. Subjective, 38, 45, 82. With Adjectives, 28, 30, 137. With interest, 65, 68. Viitti postridie, 57. 61. With Verbs of Remembering, etc., 20, 24. Gerund : Ablative with Preposition, 26, 30- Accusative, 72, 77. Genitive (with causa), 80, 85. INDEX. 153 Gerundive Construction : Accusative with Preposition, 46, 53- Genitive, 66, 68, 95. Hendiadys, 39, 45. Historical Present, 32, 37. Imperative, 138, 148. Impersonal Use of Intransi- TiVES, 50, 53, 69. Indirect Discourse, 21, 24. Commands, 100, 105. Explanatory Clause, 47, 53. Subordinate Clauses, 125, 133. Tense of Infinitive, 123, 133. Indirect Question, 28, 30, 115, 134- Infinitive : As Subject, 96, 105. Complementary, 22, 24, 144. Historical, 23, 24. Passive with coepi, 66, 68, 131. Present with debui, 91. Tenses in Indirect Discourse, 123. 133- With oportet, 42, 45. Intensive Verbs, 74, 77. interest with Genitive, 65, 68. Intransitives: Impersonal Use, 5°. S3. 69- iubed. Construction after, 87, 93. Locative, 36, 37. mille. Construction of, 88, 93. ne . . . quidem. Position of, 97, 106. Negative Clause of Purpose, 67, 68. Numerals, 36, 37. oportet with Infinitive, 42, 45. Order of Words (Adjective and Genitive), 92, 93. paenitet. Construction with, 123, Participle : Equivalent to Relative Clause, 33. 38. Of Deponent Verbs, 139, 148. Perfect with habere, 51, 53, 64. Perfect Translated by Clause, 67, 68. Passive Use of Verbs which Gov- ern the- Dative, 47, 53, 70, 77. Periphrastic Conjugation : First, 25, 30. Second, 44, 45, 109, 118. pliis, amplius, Construction after, 75. 77- Postpositives (vera), 90, 93. postridte with Genitive, 57, 61. Predicate Nominative,, 9, 13. Prepositions : Governing Accusative or Abla- tive, 62, 68. Position, 66, 68. Review of Cases with, 129, 13;, Present : Historical, 32, 37. With dum, 35, 38. Preteritive Verbs, 95, 106. priusquam with Subjunctive, 72, 77. i°l- Prohibitions, 90, ,93. Pronouns : Demonstrative, 120, 133. Reflexive, 42, 45, 87, 93. propius with Accusative, 54. Purpose Clauses, 27, 30. Negative, 67, 68. Relative, 62, 68, 102. Substantive, 36, 38, 126. With quo, 75, 77- 154 INDEX. quam with Superlative, 41, 45, no, 118. quin with Clause after Verbs of Hindering, 54, 61. quisque with Superlative, 52, 53. quoad ■vA'Cti Subjunctive, 126, 133. quod Causal Clauses, 31, 37, 89. Substantive Use, 51, 53. quo minus with Subjunctive, 136, 148. Reflexive Pronouns, 42, 45, 87; 93- Relative Clause : Of Characteristic, 83, 86, 112. Of Purpose, 62, 68, 102. Relative Pronoun : Antecedent Omitted, 98, 106. Antecedent Repeated, 56, 60, 78. Result Clauses, 22, 24, 87. Substantive, 65, 68, 142. Semi-Deponents, 75, 77. Sequence of Tenses, 64, 68. sitnul atque. Tense with, 140, 148. Singular Verb with Two Sub- jects, 8i-, 86. Subjunctive: By Attraction, 92, 93, 120. 'Ww.h. priusjuam, 72, 77, loi. With dum, 137, 148. With quoad, 126, 133. With quo minus, 136, 148. After Verbs of Fearing, 26, 30. Substantive Clauses: In Apposition, 43, 45. With quod, 51, 53. Purpose, 36, 38, 126. Result, 65, 68, 142. Superlative : With qudm, 41, 45, no, 118. With quisque, 52, 53. Supine: Former (um), 19, 24, 143. Latter (-u), 142, 148. Time: At which, II, 13, 141. Within which, 113, 118. Duration, 10, 13, 144. ut. Omission of, 98, 106, 130. arV11190 In latinum Csar] Cornell University Library 3 1924 031 185 568 olin.anx ■mm